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Sample records for ratas virus kilham

  1. Prevalence of antibodies against Kilham virus in experimental rat colonies of Argentina Prevalencia de anticuerpos contra el virus Kilham en colonias experimentales de ratas de Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. P. Cagliada

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available The Kilham rat virus (KRV is a parvovirus originally isolated from a rat sarcoma in the late 1950s. The clinical signs associated with a natural KRV infection include foetal resorption in dams, runtin, ataxia, cerebellar hypoplasia and jaundice in suckling rats, and sudden death, scrotal cyanosis, abdominal swelling and dehydration in juvenile rats. The ability of this virus to produce persistent infections has resulted in a high frequency of contamination of cell cultures and transplantable-tumor system. In addition, the virus may interfere with research in other ways. The remarkable resistance to environmental conditions determines the importance of the detection and control of this agent, especially in the laboratory animal production. This study determines the seroprevalence of Kilham antibodies from sera of adult rats from conventional facilities, using the haemagglutination inhibition test. The seroprevalence varied between 27.8% and 75%. This result confirms that the virus is circulating in Argentinean conventional facilities and might be interfering with research. The recognized Kilham virus may be prevented from supply sources by implementing a health monitoring schedule including a regular serological surveillance, and by keeping the animals under barrier systems.El virus Kilham es un parvovirus aislado originalmente a partir de un sarcoma de rata, a fines de la década del 50. Los signos clínicos que produce son reabsorción fetal, disminución del crecimiento, ataxia, hipoplasia cerebelar, ictericia en lactantes, muerte súbita, cianosis escrotal, hinchazón abdominal y deshidratación de ratas jóvenes. La capacidad del virus para producir infecciones persistentes hace que los cultivos celulares derivados de ratas puedan estar contaminados. Además, el virus puede interferir con los ensayos de investigación de diferentes formas. La resistencia a las condiciones ambientales determina la importancia de la detección y el control de

  2. Comparative physicochemical and biological properties of two strains of Kilham rat virus, a non-defective parvovirus

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mitra, S.; Snyder, C.E.; Bates, R.C.; Banerjee, P.T.

    1982-01-01

    Two antigenically indistinguishable strains, 171 and 308, of Kilham rat virus (KRV) have distinct host ranges and contain capsid proteins of identical size, but with different isoelectric points. The single-stranded DNA genomes of the viruses are also the same size but appear to have different secondary and tertiary structures. The genomes of the two strains have nearly identical cleavage maps for 11 restriction endonucleases. However, there is a lack of extended heteroloy in the nucleotide sequence of the two virus genomes, as judged by electron microscopic analysis of the heteroduplex of the two virus DNAs. This suggests that very subtle differences in the sequences of the genome, and possibly of the capsid proteins, may play a role in the host specificity without affecting the antigenic similarity of KRV strains.

  3. Restriction map of the single-stranded DNA genome of Kilham rat virus strain 171, a nondefective parvovirus

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Banerjee, P.T.; Rathrock, R.; Mitra, S.

    1981-01-01

    A physical map of Kilham rat virus strain 171 DNA was constructed by analyzing the sizes and locations of restriction endonuclease-generated fragments of the replicative-form viral DNA synthesized in vitro. BglI, KpnI, BamHI, SmaI, XhoI, and XorII did not appear to have any cleavage sites, whereas 11 other enzymes cleaved the genome at one to eight sites, and AluI generated more than 12 distinct fragments. The 30 restriction sites that were mapped were distributed randomly in the viral genome. A comparison of the restriction fragments of in vivo- and in vitro-replicated replicative-form DNAs showed that these DNAs were identical except in the size or configuration of the terminal fragments

  4. Structure of the capsid of Kilham rat virus from small-angle neutron scattering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wobbe, C.R.; Mitra, S.; Ramakrishnan, V.

    1984-01-01

    The structure of empty capsids of Kilham rat virus, an autonomous parvovirus with icosahedral symmetry, was investigated by small-angle neutron scattering. From the forward scatter, the molecular weight was determined to be 4.0 x 10(6), and from the Guinier region, the radius of gyration was found to be 105 A in D2O and 104 A in H 2 O. On the basis of the capsid molecular weight and the molecular weights and relative abundances of the capsid proteins, the authors propose that the capsid has a triangulation number of 1. Extended scattering curves and mathematical modeling revealed that the capsid consists of two shells of protein, the inner shell extending from 58 to 91 A in D2O and from 50 to 91 A in H 2 O and containing 11% of the capsid scattering mass, and the outer shell extending to 121 A in H 2 O and D2O. The inner shell appears to have a higher content of basic amino acids than the outer shell, based on its lower scattering density in D2O than in H 2 O. The authors propose that all three capsid proteins contribute to the inner shell and that this basic region serves DNA binding and partial charge neutralization functions

  5. PENGARUH NILAI RATA-RATA MATA PELAJARAN PRODUKTIF TERHADAP PRESTASI ON THE JOB TRAINING

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    Partono Thomas

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Permasalahan dalam penelitian adalah seberapa besar nilai rata-rata mata pelajaran produktif, seberapa besar prestasi on the job training, seberapa besar pengaruh nilai rata-rata mata pelajaran produftif terhadap prestasi on the job training. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan dan menganalisis seberapa besar nilai rata-rata mata pelajaran produktif, untuk mendiskripsikan dan menganalisis seberapa besar prestasi on the job training dan untuk mendiskripsikan dan menganalisis seberapa besar pengaruh nilai rata-rata mata pelajaran produktif terhadap prestasi on the job training. Populasi penelitian ini sebanyak 118. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 54. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode kepustakaan, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi linier sederhana dengan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif antara nilai rata- rata mata pelajaran produktif terhadap prestasi on the job training. Hal ini di tunjukkan nilai thitung sebesar 6,397 > ttabel (2,01 dengan probabilitas 0.000 < 0.05. Simpulan dari hasil penelitian adalah bahwa rata-rata nilai mata pelajaran produktif mencapai 7.7500 dalam kategori cukup. Rata-rata prestasi on the job training mencapai 8,0015 dalam kategori baik. Ada pengaruh antara nilai rata-rata mata pelajaran produktif terhadap prestasi on the job training dengan kontribusi sebesar 44%. Sedangkan 56% didukung oleh faktor lain yaitu minat dan motivasi mengikuti on the job training, fasilitas di dunia industri.   Kata Kunci : Mata Pelajaran Produktif, Prestasi on The Job Training

  6. PENGARUH NILAI RATA-RATA MATA PELAJARAN PRODUKTIF TERHADAP PRESTASI ON THE JOB TRAINING

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Partono Thomas

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available Permasalahan dalam penelitian adalah seberapa besar nilai rata-rata mata pelajaran produktif, seberapa besar prestasi on the job training, seberapa besar pengaruh nilai rata-rata mata pelajaran produftif terhadap prestasi on the job training. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan dan menganalisis seberapa besar nilai rata-rata mata pelajaran produktif, untuk mendiskripsikan dan menganalisis seberapa besar prestasi on the job training dan untuk mendiskripsikan dan menganalisis seberapa besar pengaruh nilai rata-rata mata pelajaran produktif terhadap prestasi on the job training. Populasi penelitian ini sebanyak 118. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 54. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode kepustakaan, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi linier sederhana dengan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif antara nilai rata- rata mata pelajaran produktif terhadap prestasi on the job training. Hal ini di tunjukkan nilai thitung sebesar 6,397 > ttabel (2,01 dengan probabilitas 0.000 < 0.05. Simpulan dari hasil penelitian adalah bahwa rata-rata nilai mata pelajaran produktif mencapai 7.7500 dalam kategori cukup. Rata-rata prestasi on the job training mencapai 8,0015 dalam kategori baik. Ada pengaruh antara nilai rata-rata mata pelajaran produktif terhadap prestasi on the job training dengan kontribusi sebesar 44%. Sedangkan 56% didukung oleh faktor lain yaitu minat dan motivasi mengikuti on the job training, fasilitas di dunia industri.   Kata Kunci : Mata Pelajaran Produktif, Prestasi on The Job Training

  7. PENENTUAN KOEFISIEN UNTUK PERHITUNGAN SUHU UDARA RATA-RATA HARIAN DATA STASIUN KLIMATOLOGI PALEMBANG

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    Arsali Arsali

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Stasiun pengamatan cuaca Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG menggunakan data pengukuran suhu udara pada pukul 07.00 (T07, 13.00 (T13, dan 18.00 (T18 waktu setempat setiap hari untuk keperluan data sinoptik meteorologi/klimatologinya. Data tersebut ditetapkan sebagai Kelompok Data Utama (KDU guna menentukan suhu udara rata-rata harian (operasional, berdasarkan formula Top = ½ T07 + ¼ T13 + ¼ T18, di mana bilangan  ½, ¼, dan ¼ adalah Kumpulan Nilai Koefisien (KNK dengan urutan dan nilai masing-masing komponennya menyatakan bobot yang bersesuaian dengan urutan dari komponen data pada KDU terkait. Perumusan ulang formula di atas menggunakan metoda Least Square ternyata memunculkan lebih banyak pilihan KNK yang mungkin. Sementara itu, dari data suhu udara tiap jam yang terukur pada Automatic Weather Station (AWS di Stasiun Klimatologi BMKG Kota Palembang selama tahun 2007 dan dari Desember 2010 sampai dengan Nopember 2011 formula Least square mengusulkan KNK = {0.46, 0.23, 0.31} yang, bila dibandingkan dengan nilai rata-rata sebenarnya, menghasilkan nilai suhu udara rata-rata harian lebih baik daripada hasil perhitungan dengan formula di atas, dengan koefisien korelasi = 0.87±0.05 terhadap 0.85±0.06, simpangan rata-rata = (0.01±0.090C terhadap (0.03±0.090C, simpangan mutlak rata-rata = (0.35±0.050C terhadap (0.37±0.060C, dan simpangan akar kuadrat rata-rata = (0.44±0.070C terhadap (0.47±0.080C.   Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG weather stations use three times daily air temperature measurements at 07.00 (T07, 13.00 (T13, and 18.00 (T18 local times for their synoptic meteorological or climatological data. These measured data are assigned as a Primary Data Set (KDU and used to determine (operational daily mean air temperature (Top, based on a formula (mentioned as BMKG formula Top = ½ T07 + ¼ T13 + ¼ T18, where ½, ¼, and ¼ are a Collection of Coefficient Values (KNK. The orders and values

  8. Electron microscopic comparison of the sequences of single-stranded genomes of mammalian parvoviruses by heteroduplex mapping

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Banerjee, P.T.; Olson, W.H.; Allison, D.P.; Bates, R.C.; Snyder, C.E.; Mitra, S.

    1983-01-01

    The sequence homologies among the linear single-stranded genomes of several mammalian parvoviruses have been studied by electron microscopic analysis of tthe heteroduplexes produced by reannealing the complementary strands of their DNAs. The genomes of Kilham rat virus, H-1, minute virus of ice and LuIII, which are antigenically distinct non-defective parvoviruses, have considerable homology: about 70% of their sequences are conserved. The homologous regions map at similar locations in the left halves (from the 3' ends) of the genomes. No sequence homology, however, is observed between the DNAs of these nondefective parvoviruses and that of bovine parvovirus, another non-defective virus, or that of defective adenoassociated virus, nor between the genomes of bovine parvovirus and adenoassociated virus. This suggests that only very short, if any, homologous regions are present. From these results, an evolutionary relationship among Kilham rat virus, H-1, minute virus of mice and LuIII is predicted. It is interesting to note that, although LuIII was originally isolated from a human cell line and is specific for human cells in vitro, its genome has sequences in common only with the rodent viruses Kilham rat virus, minute virus of mice and H-1, and not with the other two mammalian parvoviruses tested.

  9. Jüri Ratas : Tallinnasse rahvuspark! / Jüri Ratas ; interv. Ilmar Palli

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Ratas, Jüri, 1978-

    2005-01-01

    Tallinna uus linnapea Jüri Ratas rohelisest vööndist, keskkonnakaitsest, ohtlikest veostest, teede olukorrast, linna elukeskkonnast, asotsiaalide probleemist ning kohaliku omavalitsuse ja riigi koostööst

  10. Abilinnapea Ratas pidas uputust paratamatuseks / Jüri Ratas ; interv. Piret Reiljan

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Ratas, Jüri, 1978-

    2004-01-01

    Tallinna abilinnapea Jüri Ratas kommenteerib olukorda linnas, kus kahe päevaga sadas maha rohkem kui juulikuu sademete norm ette näeb. Vt. samas Meelis Eldermann. Miks veevärk vihmaga toime ei tulnud?

  11. Rate-all-that-apply (RATA) with semi-trained assessors

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Giacalone, Davide; Ingholt Hedelund, Pia

    2016-01-01

    Rate-all-that-apply (RATA) is a variant of check-all-that-apply (CATA) questions that allows assessor to rate the intensity of selected attributes. Compared to CATA, RATA has the potential to improve sample description and discrimination, and might be more useful when only a small number of asses......Rate-all-that-apply (RATA) is a variant of check-all-that-apply (CATA) questions that allows assessor to rate the intensity of selected attributes. Compared to CATA, RATA has the potential to improve sample description and discrimination, and might be more useful when only a small number...... involving sensory assessment of common defects in chocolate production. Criteria considered were within-assessors reproducibility, attribute stability, and configurational agreement between samples spaces obtained across replicated evaluations. The results showed that although within...

  12. Studies on the Inhalation Toxicity of Dyes Present in Colored Smoke Munitions. Phase IV. 90-Day Inhalation Exposures of Rats to Dye Aerosols

    Science.gov (United States)

    1985-10-01

    virus , rat corona - virus /Sialodacryodenitis virus (RCV/SOAV), Ir Reovirus type 3 (Reo 3), Theiler’s encephalomyelitis virus (GD VII), Toolan’s H-I virus (H...1), Kilham rat virus (KRV). Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) and Mvcoplasma pulmonis. Bacterial cultures are also performed on swabs or tissue... Cats _____ ___ -.--oci of Mononuclear Cells11 .:._Lubular Mineral ization 12221122 33 -LUNG __ __ SHemorrhage Pipment Deposition ::Hyperplasia of

  13. Efecto de la maca roja (Lepidium meyenii sobre los niveles de IFN-γ en ratas ovariectomizadas

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    Johanna Leiva-Revilla

    Full Text Available Objetivos. Comparar el efecto de diferentes dosis de maca roja sobre los niveles de interferón gamma (IFN-γ en ratas ovariectomizadas (OVX. Materiales y métodos. Ratas hembras adultas fueron divididas al azar en los siguientes seis grupos: Grupo 1: ratas pesudo-ovariectomizadas (PO; Grupo 2: ratas OVX; Grupo 3: ratas OVX tratadas con 4 ug/kg de estradiol, y Grupo 4, 5 y 6: ratas OVX tratadas con extractos de maca con 2,15, 4,3 y 8,6 mg polifenoles/kilogramo de peso corporal, respectivamente. Resultados. Las ratas OVX mostraron niveles bajos de IFN-γ en comparación con las ratas PO. El estradiol y la maca roja revirtieron el efecto de la ovariectomía sobre los niveles de IFN-γ. La maca roja presenta un incremento dosis-respuesta de los niveles de IFN-γ (r=0,57, p<0,05. Conclusiones. La administración de la maca roja incrementa los niveles de IFN-γ en ratas ovariectomizadas.

  14. 24 CFR 232.825 - Pro rata refund of insurance premium.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... ASSISTED LIVING FACILITIES Contract Rights and Obligations Premiums § 232.825 Pro rata refund of insurance premium. Upon termination of a loan insurance contract by a payment in full or by a voluntary termination... rata portion of the current annual loan insurance premium theretofore paid which is applicable to the...

  15. 24 CFR 241.825 - Pro rata refund of insurance premium.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... Projects Without a HUD-Insured or HUD-Held Mortgage Premiums § 241.825 Pro rata refund of insurance premium... of the current annual loan insurance premium theretofore paid which is applicable to the portion of... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Pro rata refund of insurance...

  16. 24 CFR 220.806 - Pro rata refund of insurance premium.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... refund of insurance premium. Upon termination of loan insurance contract by a payment in full or by a... equal to the pro rata portion of the current annual loan insurance premium theretofore paid which is... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Pro rata refund of insurance...

  17. Tallinna linnapea Jüri Ratas : Keskerakond ei ole maffia! / Jüri Ratas ; interv. Urmo Soonvald

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Ratas, Jüri, 1978-

    2005-01-01

    Tallinna linnapea Jüri Ratas vastab küsimustele, mis puudutavad Rein Ratase Tallinna Vee nõukogu liikmeks määramist, K-kohukse reklaami seost Keskerakonna valimiskampaaniaga, linnapeaks saamist, koostööd teiste poliitikutega, Edgar Savisaare osa Tallinna linna juhtimises

  18. Pealinlased olid aktiivsemad valijad / Jüri Ratas

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Ratas, Jüri, 1978-

    2007-01-01

    Ilmunud ka: Stolitsa, 14. märts 2007, lk. 2. Tallinna linnapea Jüri Ratas parlamendivalimiste tulemustest. Vt. samas: Kes Tallinnast riigikokku valiti?; Riigikogu valimise tulemused Tallinnas: diagramm

  19. La enfermedad del adyuvante en ratas infectadas experimentalmente con Trypanosoma cruzi

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    Silvia Revelli

    1986-06-01

    Full Text Available Se estudió la evolución de la artritis por adyuvante en ratas que habían sido infectadas previamente con Trypanosoma cruzi, con el objeto de evaluar su competencia inmunológica a través de la respuesta artrítica. La artritis por adyuvante se indujo en ratas adultas, endocriadas de ambos sexos, con 0.1 mi de adyuvante completo de Freund en la almohadilla plantar, en 2 lotes: a inyectadas 90 días antes con 1 x 10(6 T. cruzi y b testigos normales simultáneos. Se midieron, la lesión artrítica macroscópicamente con una escala semicuantitativa, y con microscopía óptica la histopatología de la lesión local y la del corazón, a los 180 días post-infecoión. La magnitud de las lesiones artríticas en las ratas con T. cruzi fue significativamente menor (p < 0.001 que la de los testigos, en todo el período. El infiltrado inflamatorio local, formado por linfocitos, plasmocitos y macrófagos fue significativamente menor (p < 0.001 en las ratas chagásicas, con respecto al de los testigos. Se postula que en las ratas que recibieron T. cruzi la respuesta artrítica menor podría deberse a una competición antigénica con los determinantes del parásito o a mecanismos inmunosupresores que interfieren en la producción de la entidad experimental.

  20. Desenvolvimento de modelo experimental de endometriose em ratas

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    Vivian Ferreira do Amaral

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Desenvolver um modelo de endometriose experimental em ratas. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizadas 30 ratas adultas da linhagem Wistar. A técnica cirúrgica consistiu em laparotomia mediana com identificação do útero bicorno e ressecção de um segmento de 2 cm do corno uterino direito. Um retalho de 0,25 cm² foi retirado dessa estrutura e suturado na parede abdominal com a face endometrial voltada para a cavidade peritoneal. As ratas foram divididas aleatoriamente em dois grupos de acordo com o tempo para a reoperação: grupo 1 (n=15, reoperado em 30 dias, e grupo 2 (n=15, em 60 dias. No momento da segunda laparotomia os implantes foram avaliados macroscopicamente, ressecados e encaminhados para análise microscópica com coloração hematoxilina-eosina e imunohistoquímica (HEMA, AE1 e AE2. RESULTADOS: Os implantes se desenvolveram em 83,3 % do Grupo 1 e 71,4% no Grupo 2. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o peso dos animals dos dois grupos. Também não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no tamanho da área das lesões induzidas: no Grupo 1 a média foi 0,37 cm² e no Grupo 2, de 0,25 cm². Segundo a classificação histológica semi-quantitativa de Keenan (de acordo com a preservação da camada epitelial de endométrio, o Grupo 1 teve média de 1,9 e o Grupo 2, de 2,4. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica utilizada para o desenvolvimento de endometriose em ratas foi satisfatória.

  1. TOXICIDAD AGUDA DE Aleurites moluccana POR VIA ORAL EN RATAS SPRAGUE-DAWLEY

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    Laura Rocío Orellana-Cuéllar

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar la toxicidad aguda por Aleurites moluccana por administración oral en ratas Sprague-Dawley. Metodología: Estudio experimental realizado en el Instituto de Patología de la Facultad de Medicina-UNMSM. Se usaron treinta ratas Sprague-Dawley, hembras y machos, de 6 semanas de edad. Se formaron aleatoriamente tres grupos de diez ratas: grupo A1, recibió 8,2 mg/Kg de peso de A. moluccana; grupo  A2, recibió 2000 mg/Kg de peso de A. moluccana; grupo control, recibió agua ad libitum. Se evaluaron los signos clínicos de toxicidad, los pesos, variables bioquímicas y las características histopatológicas de hígado, riñón, corazón, intestino, bazo y gónadas. Se consideró significativo un p0,05. Los grupos  A1 y A2 presentaron signos clínicos de toxicidad y la muerte de tres ratas; células hepáticas binucleadas y regenerativas en el hígado; y hemorragia glomerular en el riñón. Conclusiones: Las variables clínicas e histopatológicas en hígado y riñón demostraron que la Aleurites moluccana produce toxicidad aguda, las variables bioquímicas no demostraron este efecto. Palabras Claves: Aleurites moluccana, Toxicidad aguda, Ratas Sprague-Dawley.

  2. Salicylate prevents virus-induced type 1 diabetes in the BBDR rat.

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    Chaoxing Yang

    Full Text Available Epidemiologic and clinical evidence suggests that virus infection plays an important role in human type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. We used the virus-inducible BioBreeding Diabetes Resistant (BBDR rat to investigate the ability of sodium salicylate, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID, to modulate development of type 1 diabetes. BBDR rats treated with Kilham rat virus (KRV and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (pIC, a TLR3 agonist develop diabetes at nearly 100% incidence by ~2 weeks. We found distinct temporal profiles of the proinflammatory serum cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-12, and haptoglobin (an acute phase protein in KRV+pIC treated rats. Significant elevations of IL-1β and IL-12, coupled with sustained elevations of haptoglobin, were specific to KRV+pIC and not found in rats co-treated with pIC and H1, a non-diabetogenic virus. Salicylate administered concurrently with KRV+pIC inhibited the elevations in IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ and haptoglobin almost completely, and reduced IL-12 levels significantly. Salicylate prevented diabetes in a dose-dependent manner, and diabetes-free animals had no evidence of insulitis. Our data support an important role for innate immunity in virus-induced type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. The ability of salicylate to prevent diabetes in this robust animal model demonstrates its potential use to prevent or attenuate human autoimmune diabetes.

  3. Efecto neuroprotector del Lepidium meyenii, ecotipo negro (maca negra) en ratas crías frente al daño cerebral inducido por la ingesta de sulfato ferroso y vitamina C durante la gestación de las ratas madre

    OpenAIRE

    Troncoso, Luzmila; Guija, Emilio; Palomino, Felio; Soberón, Mercedes; Oliveira, Gisela; Núñez, Marco; Flores, Juana; Acuña, Sheresnarda; Terrazas, Carmen

    2013-01-01

    Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto neuroprotector del Lepidium meyenii, ecotipo negro en ratas crías por ingesta de sulfato ferroso y vitamina C (SFC) durante la gestación de ratas madre. Diseño: Experimental, analítico. Institución: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición. Material biológico: Lepidium meyenii, ecotipo negro (maca negra: MN), ratas. Intervenciones: Se distribuyeron 30 ratas albinas de dos meses de edad, en tres grupos. Tratamiento en los últimos 7 días de gestación: grupo ...

  4. Uso de malla reabsorbible en traumatismo esplénico en ratas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dina Sánchez

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar si el empleo de malla reabsorbible cohibe la hemorragia y evita la exéresis del bazo en el traumatismo abdominal. Diseño: Estudio experimental. Lugar: Servicio de Técnica Quirúrgica y Cirugía Experimental, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, y Servicio de Cirugía Experimental, Hospital del Niño, Lima, Perú. Materiales: Malla reabsorbible (ácido poliglicólico, ratas, anestésicos, instrumentos de cirugía menor, material para fijación anatomopatológico. Intervenciones: Bajo anestesia general, se laparotomizó a la rata con incisión mediana, para exponer el bazo, al cual se produjo lesiones de 1º, 2º y 3º grados; luego, se cubrió con la malla reabsorbible, fijando alrededor con catgut 3/0, presionando hasta cohibir la hemorragia; enseguida se cerró cavidad abdominal con puntos de vicryl 3/0. Se evaluó clínicamente a las 24, 48 y 72 horas posquirúrgicas, para observar la supervivencia; luego, relaparotomía al azar, a los 15 y 30 días y 3 meses, para ver presencia de adherencias y tiempo de reabsorción de la malla. Principales medidas de resultados: Supervivencia, adherencias posquirúrgicas y reabsorción de la malla. Resultados: De las 60 ratas con lesiones de 1º, 2º y 3º grados, se observó una supervivencia de 97% (58 ratas y 3% murieron (2 ratas: una rata con lesión de 1º grado a las 24 horas por agresión y otra con lesión de 3º grado a las 72 horas que a la necropsia se encontró microabscesos en omento e hígado. A los 15 y 30 días de relaparotomía, se observó presencia de adherencias intraabdominales y, a los 3 meses, reabsorción total de la malla. Conclusiones: La malla reabsorbible (ácido poliglicólico es un material que, aparte de cohibir la hemorragia, evita la esplenectomía, conservando el bazo en casos de hemorragia por traumatismo abdominal.

  5. APLICACIÓN DEL TEST DE LA BARRA TRANSVERSAL MODIFICADO PARA EVALUAR RATAS HEMIPARKINSONIZADAS.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lisette Blanco

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available La degeneración nigroestriatal que caracteriza a la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP es estudiada en modelos experimentales en roedores por inyección de 6-hidroxidopamina (6-OHDA. El presente estudio presenta una versión modificada del test de la barra transversal (TBT que permite la cuantificación del déficit motor a través de: tiempo que demora la rata en alcanzar una de las plataformas (latencia de escape, LE; tiempo que demora en caer de la barra (latencia de caída, LC; número total de errores cometidos durante la ejecución en cada barra (número de errores, NE. La forma y el diámetro de la sección transversal de la barra se modificaron desde barras rectangulares y circulares de 2.5 cm de diámetro hasta barras con esta misma forma y 1 cm de diámetro respectivamente lo cual impuso la mayor dificultad a la ejecución del test. Tres grupos de ratas Wistar fueron evaluados: no-tratadas (n=15, lesionadas con 6-OHDA (n=14 y falsas operadas (n=14. Todas las variables estudiadas mostraron diferencias significativas entre ratas controles y hemiparkinsonizadas. Para todos los tipos de barras, las variables LE y NE se incrementaron mientras que la LC disminuyó significativamente en las ratas hemiparkinsonizadas en comparación con las ratas controles. La LC mostró diferencias altamente significativas (p

  6. Mida me Tallinnas teinud oleme / Jüri Ratas

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Ratas, Jüri, 1978-

    2006-01-01

    Tallinna linnapea Jüri Ratas annab ülevaate linnavalitsuse tegevusest esimese saja päeva jooksul. Linnavalitsuse tegevust hindavad Tallinna volikogu Isamaaliidu fraktsiooni esimees Toomas Tõniste, volikogu Reformierakonna esimees Keit Pentus ja volikogu sotsiaaldemokraatide fraktsiooni aseesimees Hannes Rumm

  7. Efecto de la infección aguda con Trypanosoma cruzi sobre el sistema nervioso central de rata gestante

    OpenAIRE

    Lugo de Yarbuh, Ana; Rondón, Johan; Alarcón, Maritza; Moreno, Elio; Araujo, Sonia

    2009-01-01

    Este estudio analizó el efecto de la infección aguda con Trypanosoma cruzi sobre la histología del sistema nervioso central de ratas durante la gestación. Las ratas Wistar fueron infectadas por inoculación intraperitoneal de 5x10(4) tripanosomas sanguícolas de la cepa M/HOM/Bra/53/Y. Para obtener la preñez durante el ascenso de la parasitemia, las ratas en estrus del ciclo menstrual fueron apareadas con los machos a los 12 días posinfección (pi). Ratas vírgenes/infectadas, vírgenes/sanas y sa...

  8. EFECTO DE Tropaeolum tuberosum FRENTE A LA HIPERPLASIA PROSTÁTICA BENIGNA INDUCIDA EN RATAS HOLTZMAN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gioliana Aire-Artezano

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de Tropaeolum tuberosum(mashua frente a la Hiperplasia Prostática Benigna (HPB y compararlo con finasterida. Métodos: Estudio experimental completo. Se emplearon 30 ratas Holtzman macho de 12 semanas de edad, aleatorizadas y divididas en seis gru- pos: grupo blanco; grupo testosterona; grupo finasterida (0.33mg/kg/rata; y tres grupos dosis, dosis 1 (300mg/kg/rata, dosis 2 (500mg/kg/rata y dosis 3 (800mg/kg/rata tratados con Tropaeolum tuberosum. Se realizó una medición basal del volumen prostático mediante una ecografía transabdominal. La inducción de HPB se realizó con enantato de testosterona (0,083mg/Kg/rata en los grupos dosis, finasterida y testosterona, el día uno y siete. Paralelamente, se administró liofilizado de Tropaeolum tuberosum y finasterida durante 21 días. Para el diagnóstico, se realiza- ron estudios por imágenes, anatomopatológicos e histopatológicos. Resultados: El estudio por imágenes, en relación al incremento del volumen prostático,no arrojó diferencia significativa entre dosis 2 y finasterida; mientras que en relación con la ecogenicidad, dosis 3 presentó similitud cualitativa al finasterida. En el estudio anatomopatológico, no hubo diferencia significativa entre el grupo dosis 3 y el grupo finasterida. Histo- patológicamente, dosis 3 se asemejó cuantitativamente al finasterida. Conclusiones: Se evidenció disminución de la HPB histológicamente y en el estudio por imágenes; sin embargo, ninguna de las dosis mostró efecto superior al finasterida.

  9. Rein Ratase allkiri paneb rattad käima ; kommenteerinud Rein Ratas, Neeme Reinap, Vilmar Rei...[jt.

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Jakobson, Kadri, 1970-

    2010-01-01

    Riigikogu keskkonnakomisjoni liige Rein Ratas surub läbi firma EcoPro, mille üks omanik on Ratase hea tuttav, arendust Saaremaal Ruhve poolsaarel, mis asub kaitsealal ja ehituskeeluvööndis. Rein Ratas on tuludeklaratsioonis jätnud märkimata firmast Adepte Ekspert saadava tulu

  10. Aspectos histopatológicos do útero de ratas utilizadas como modelo experimental de endometrite

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liriane Baratella-Evêncio

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Os progestágenos constituem-se em importantes reguladores da atividade funcional e estrutural do sistema reprodutor feminino. Em medicina veterinária a prescrição de drogas que atuam neste sistema, como o acetato de medroxiprogesterona, tem diversas finalidades, como servir de instrumento no manejo reprodutivo ou no controle farmacológico do ciclo estral, tratamento de patologias ou limitação e controle da fertilidade. Considerando-se sua importância e sua freqüente utilização, realizamos o presente trabalho que teve por objetivo, estudar a morfologia e morfometria do útero de ratas utilizadas como modelo experimental de endometrite. Para a realização deste estudo foram utilizadas 36 ratas albinas da linhagem wistar, induzidas hormonalmente à endometrite através do tratamento com diferentes doses de acetato de medroxiprogesterona e divididas em 04 grupos: Grupo I (ratas não tratadas com acetato de medroxiprogesterona e avaliadas aos 10, 20 e 30 dias do experimento; Grupos II, III e IV (ratas tratadas com 0,75 mg, 1,5 mg e 4,5 mg de acetato de medroxiprogesterona respectivamente e, avaliadas aos 10, 20 e 30 dias do experimento. De acordo com nossos resultados podemos concluir que o endométrio dos grupos tratados apresentaram-se pouco desenvolvidos. Quanto ao número de glândulas endometriais observou-se uma maior quantidade no Grupo I (controle do que nos grupos II, III e IV (tratados. Estes resultados evidenciam que houve hipotrofia endometrial, metaplasia celular para o tipo cúbico e a formação de projeções papilares no útero de ratas.

  11. Meie ühine mure on tervishoid / Jüri Ratas

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Ratas, Jüri, 1978-

    2008-01-01

    Ilmunud ka: Den za Dnjom 1. veebr. lk. 18. Põhjarannik 18. jaan. 2008, lk. 2, Severnoje Poberezhje 18. jaan. 2008, lk. 2, Den za Dnjom 18. jaan. 2008, lk. 2. Riigikogu aseesimees Jüri Ratas tunneb muret Eesti elanike tervise pärast

  12. Efecto de la reinfección sobre la evolución de ratas infectadas con Trypanosoma cruzi

    OpenAIRE

    Revelli,Silvia; Berra,Héctor; Valenti,José; Moreno,Hilda; Bernasconi,María; Poli,Hugo; Morini,Julio

    1990-01-01

    El objetivo de este trabajo fue comprobar si una de las variables medio-ambientales, la reinfección, puede modificar el comportamiento observado en un modelo de rata a nivel de parasitemia, anticuerpos séricos, manifestaciones electrocardiográficas y/o lesión miocárdica. Los grupos experimentales fueron: GI: ratas infectadas al destete con 1 x 10(6) T. cruzi; GR: igual a GI más reinfecciones cada 30 días hasta los 150 días post-infección inicial (p.i.i.); GI1 ratas de 51 días infectadas; GT: ...

  13. Efectos de la deficiencia de riboflavina sobre el desarrollo del tejido dentoalveolar, en ratas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juana Delgadillo

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar los cambios histomorfológicos que ocurren en el tejido dentoalveolar de la mandíbula de una progenie de ratas albinas sometidas a dietas con diferentes concentraciones de riboflavina (B2 e iguales concentraciones de los demás nutrientes, durante el periodo de gestación y lactancia, hasta los 28 días de edad. Diseño: Estudio experimental y analítico. Lugar: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición Alberto Guzmán Barrón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Crías de ratas albinas Holtzman. Intervenciones: Se utilizó 60 crías de ratas, que fueron progenie de 16 ratas albinas Holtzman, conformándose 4 grupos con capacidad de reproducción y con diferentes requerimientos de riboflavina: Grupo A (100% de requerimiento de B2, Grupo B (50% de B2 Grupo C (25% de B2 y Grupo D (0% de B2. Las crías de cada grupo fueron sacrificadas a los 0, 7, 14, 21 y 28 días de nacimiento, y se sometió a estudios histológicos los tejidos dentoalveolares de 60 crías. Principales medidas de resultados: Alteraciones en la talla, peso corporal y el tejido dentoalveolar de las ratas crías. Resultados: Microscópicamente, el estudio reveló que la carencia total de riboflavina en la dieta materna (0% de B2 ocasiona en el tejido dentoalveolar de las crías cambios histomorfológicos, como pérdida de la polaridad nuclear, presencia de microvacuolas y áreas de pseudo-estratificación en ameloblastos y odontoblastos, disminución del número de células del tejido dentoalveolar, aparición de edema en predentina, disminución de las células activas en el caso de fibroblastos y cementoblastos, notable disminución y adelgazamiento de las fibras colágenas y reducción del grosor de las trabeculas óseas. Alteraciones similares pero en menor cuantía se halló en ratas con deficiencia de B2. Conclusiones: La carencia total de riboflavina (0% en la dieta materna de las

  14. Evaluación de la actividad hipotensora del Maytenus Krukovii (Chuchuhuasi) en rata consciente.

    OpenAIRE

    Salazar Granara, Alberto; Milla Flores, Diana Rosa; Morales Gutiérrez, Valeria; Velarde Barrantes, Luis Fernando; Villanueva Espinoza, Alan Alexis; Segura Carrillo, Karla; Casquero Del Castillo, Diego; Vargas Pareja, Yisella; Vela Gonzáles, Yliana; Sánchez Alarcón, Vanessa; Manrique Mejia, Renán

    2008-01-01

    Maytenus krukovii (chuchuhuasi), oriunda de la amazonia sudamericana, tradicionalmente se le atribuye acción analgésica, antiinflamatoria, afrodisíaca entre otros; investigaciones reportan acción analgésica con intermediación de receptores opiáceos, efecto antipirético, antiinflamatorio y gastroprotector. El presente estudio experimental indagó acerca de la acción sobre la presión arterial y frecuencia cardiaca del chuchuhuasi en rata consciente. Se utilizaron 10 ratas albinas machos, a las q...

  15. Efecto del extracto alcohólico de Mimosa pudica (mimosa sobre la fertilidad en ratas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Arroyo

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Determinar si la administración por vía oral del extracto etanólico de las hojas de Mimosa pudica (mimosa modifica la fertilidad en ratas normales. Diseño: Estudio experimental. Institución: Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos y Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Ratas albinas, y hojas de Mimosa pudica. Métodos: Cuarentiocho animales fueron divididos aleatoriamente en grupos de seis animales cada uno. El primero fue control, con solución de suero fisiológico 5 mL/kg, y los siguientes recibieron extracto vía oral 50, 250 y 500 mg/kg, durante 21 días. Cada grupo consideró 6 hembras y 6 machos juntos. Los animales fueron sacrificados para observar la presencia de fetos en el útero. A las hembras se les extrajo muestra de sangre, para conocer el nivel de FSH, estradiol y progesterona, expresándose en µg/dL. El dosaje hormonal se realizó por el método de electroquimioluminiscencia. En el estudio de antiimplantación se usó 2 grupos de 5 ratas hembras grávidas; un grupo recibió agua y el otro recibió el extracto de la planta, en dosis de 600 mg/ kg, durante 10 días. Principales medidas de resultados: Disminución del número de fetos y niveles hormonales. Resultados: Los flavonoides, compuestos fenólicos y taninos estuvieron en mayor cantidad en el extracto etanólico. Las ratas que recibieron 250 mg/kg presentaron mayor número de fetos, seguidas por las de 50 mg/kg; en tanto que con la dosis de 500 mg/kg disminuyó el número de fetos comparativamente con las ratas que no recibieron la planta; hubo incremento de FSH y de progesterona. Conclusiones: En condiciones experimentales se muestra que en dosis de hasta 250 mg/kg aumenta la fertilidad, pero a 500 mg se reduce la fertilidad en ratas normales.

  16. EFECTO DIURÉTICO DE LAS HOJAS DE MAYTENUS MACROCARPA “CHUCHUHUASI” EN RATAS ALBINAS

    OpenAIRE

    Fanny Bastidas Garcia; Juan Jesús Huaccho Rojas; Javier Chambi Torres; Antonio Padilla Alexander; Luis Aguirre Tipismana; Alberto Salazar Granara; Benjamín Castañeda Castañeda

    2016-01-01

    Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad diurética del extracto acuoso obtenido a partir de la hojas del Maytenus macrocarpa “Chuchuhuasi” en ratas albinas. Material y Métodos: Se utilizaron 68 ratas albinas machos, con pesos medios de 250 g, se empleó el Método de Lipschitz, donde se registró el volumen de orina por hora y total a la sexta hora. Los grupos experimentales fueron: Control (suero fisiológico al 0.9%), chuchuhuasi 1 (250mg/kg), chuchuhuasi 2 (500mg/kg), chuchuhuasi 3 (750mg/kg), hojas de ...

  17. 24 CFR 203.268 - Pro rata payment of periodic MIP.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGE INSURANCE Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums-Periodic Payment § 203.268 Pro rata payment of periodic MIP. (a) If the insurance contract is terminated...

  18. 24 CFR 266.608 - Mortgage insurance premium: Pro rata refund.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premium: Pro... PROJECT LOANS Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.608 Mortgage insurance premium: Pro rata refund. If the Contract of Insurance is terminated by payment in full or is terminated...

  19. Efecto de la prednisona en la magnitud del movimiento dentario ortodóntico en ratas

    OpenAIRE

    Ruiz Ramirez, Eliberto

    2017-01-01

    Evalúa el efecto de la prednisona, glucocorticoide de acción intermedia, y su efecto en el movimiento dentario ortodóntico en ratas. Se utilizan 20 ratas albinas machos Holtzman, a las cuales se les coloca un aparato ortodóntico disyuntor entre sus incisivos centrales superiores, luego son divididas de manera aleatoria en dos grupos: Grupo control, el cual no recibe ningún tratamiento farmacológico y grupo experimental, al cual se le administra prednisona 5 días antes de la colocación del apa...

  20. Efecto de Gentianella alborosea en esteatosis hepática no alcohólica inducida por dieta hiperlipídica en ratas holtzman hembras

    OpenAIRE

    L Ugaz-Soto; JH Zafra-Tanaka; María E. Tapia Vicente

    2013-01-01

    Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del extracto de Gentianella alborosea como tratamiento contra esteatosis hepática no alcohólica (EHNA)  inducida por dieta hiperlipídica en ratas Holtzman hembras. Métodos: Diseño: Estudio experimental incompleto. Lugar: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Ratas Holtzman hembras. Intervenciones: Se utilizó 32 ratas repartidas en 4 grupos (n=8) distribuidos aleatoriamente: grupo control negativo, control positivo con dieta hiperli...

  1. Fauna parasitológica de la rata de milpa, Sigmodon hispidus, en un área urbano-industrial de Alajuela, Costa Rica

    OpenAIRE

    RODRIGUEZ, BEATRIZ; GONZALEZ, RICARDO; CHINCHILLA, MISAEL

    1999-01-01

    El interés de los investigadores por el uso del roedor Sigmodon hispidus como modelo experimental ha incrementado en los últimos años. Por ello y dado el poco conocimiento de las poblaciones de parásitos de las ratas de la región estudiada, se analizó la prevalencia de endoparásitos en ratas procedentes de zona de cultivo de piña de Alajuela. A 74 ratas capturadas se les registró el sexo, y a las hembras se les determinó su estado de gravidez. Se realizó una disección completa de los animale...

  2. Tulevane linnapea kavandab kainestusmaja ja Kalevipoega / Jüri Ratas ; interv. Urmas Seaver

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Ratas, Jüri, 1978-

    2005-01-01

    Ilmunud ka: Postimees : na russkom jazõke 14. nov., lk 6. Tõenäoline Tallinna linnapea kandidaat vastab küsimustele, mis puudutavad uue linnavalitsuse esimest istungit, pealinna 2006. aasta eelarvet ning Keskerakonna valimislubadusi linna valitsemisel. Lisa: Jüri Ratas

  3. Efectos del losartán sobre el glomus carotídeo en ratas normotensas adultas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel R. Grana

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Recientemente comunicamos lesiones graves en el glomus carotídeo y los ganglios autonómicos de ratas SHR y sugerimos que este efecto se debía más al aumento de la presión arterial que al envejecimiento. Posteriormente demostramos, en SHR, que el ramipril, en comparación con el atenolol, ejerce un efecto protector sobre estas estructuras más allá de la reducción de la presión arterial. Teniendo en cuenta que no existen trabajos que describan los cambios que origina el bloqueo AT1 sobre la morfología del glomus en ratas normotensas, se realizó el presente estudio con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto del losartán sobre esta estructura de ratas Wistar macho tratadas durante 8 meses. Se emplearon 14 ratas de 4 semanas de edad, divididas en grupos control y losartán (10 mg/ kg/día en el agua de bebida. La presión sistólica (PAS se registró al inicio y luego mensualmente. A la edad de 9 meses se sacrificaron las ratas y se extrajeron los glomus carotídeos, se tiñeron con hematoxilina-eosina y tricrómico de Masson y se procesaron para histomorfometría con un analizador de imágenes. El grupo control registró una PAS de 115 ± 8,1, mientras que en el grupo losartán fue de 105 ± 8,3 mm Hg (p = 0,0375. Histomorfométricamente, el grupo tratado mostró un área mayor del glomus con respecto al control (497.931 ± 48.783 versus 59.668 ± 6.196 µm2; p < 0,0001 y una relación pared/luz en las arteriolas glómicas de 0,7 ± 0,1 versus 2,7 ± 0,6, respectivamente (p < 0,0001. El grupo control mostró disminución del área glómica y un aumento de la relación pared/luz, lo cual sugiere que la atrofia de las estructuras estudiadas a través del aumento de la edad se vincula con el aporte nutricio arterial.

  4. Efecto de la alopregnanolona sobre la ansiedad en ratas con separación materna durante la lactancia

    OpenAIRE

    Riveros Barrera, Irene; Dueñas, Zulma

    2014-01-01

    Antecedentes. La relación madre-hijo y el cuidado parental al recién nacido son fundamentales en el desarrollo fisiológico y emocional de los individuos. Evidencias asocian el estrés temprano con el desarrollo de enfermedades mentales. El modelo de separación materna durante la lactancia (SMDL) se ha utilizado para inducir estrés temprano en ratas y estudiar efectos a largo plazo. Diversos estudios han encontrado que, en ratas separadas de sus madres, disminuyen los niveles del receptor GABA-...

  5. Efecto de la alopregnanolona sobre la ansiedad en ratas con separación materna durante la lactancia

    OpenAIRE

    Irene Riveros Barrera; Zulma Dueñas

    2014-01-01

    Antecedentes. La relación madre-hijo y el cuidado parental al recién nacido son fundamentales en el desarrollo fisiológico y emocional de los individuos. Evidencias asocian el estrés temprano con el desarrollo de enfermedades mentales. El modelo de separación materna durante la lactancia (SMDL) se ha utilizado para inducir estrés temprano en ratas y estudiar efectos a largo plazo. Diversos estudios han encontrado que, en ratas separadas de sus madres, disminuyen los nivel...

  6. Insectos de importancia forense en cadáveres de ratas, Carabobo - Venezuela

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jonathan Liria Salazar

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Determinar la composición de la entomofauna asociada con cadáveres de ratas, para identificar las especies de importancia forense en Carabobo, Venezuela. Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron los insectos en nueve cadáveres de ratas de laboratorio. Diariamente cada rata (cadáver + bandeja con tierra de sustrato fue recogida para obtener la fauna asociada. Con los datos de abundancias se calcularon índices de diversidad y equidad, y se empleó el análisis de componentes principales. Resultados: Se colectaron 13 590 insectos, de los cuales 14,8% correspondieron a cadáveres y 85,2% a bandejas. El orden Diptera fue el más abundante (94,2% seguido por Coleóptera e Hymenóptera (0,2%. Las especies de Diptéra más importantes fueron: Calliphoridae: Lucilia cluvia (Walker, Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann y C. megacephala (Fabricius; y Muscidae: Musca domestica Linnaeus. También se encontraron algunos coleópteros como Dermestes ater DeGeer (Dermestidae y Staphylinidae. Conclusiones: La equidad y diversidad fue baja, debido a la dominancia de especies, y la poca sensibilidad de los índices de diversidad a la presencia de especies raras. Se observó la sucesión de especies en donde L. cluvia se relaciona con los primeros días, seguida por C. albiceps y C. megacephala. Se recomienda continuar con estudios relacionados, para su uso como herramienta de ayuda en la medicina legal en Venezuela.

  7. El extracto etanólico de las flores de Laccopetalum giganteum (pacra-pacra aumenta la fertilidad en ratas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Arroyo

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Determinar si la administración por vía oral del extracto etanólico de flores de Laccopetalum giganteum (Pacra-pacra en ratas normales aumenta la fertilidad. Diseño: Estudio experimental. Lugar: Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Material biológico: Ratas. Intervenciones: Cuarentiocho animales fueron divididos aleatoriamente en 2 grandes grupos, de 24 cada uno. El primero fue control, con solución salina fisiológica (SSF 5 mL/kg y el segundo con extracto vía oral, 300 mg/kg, durante 15 días. Cada grupo consideró 6 hembras y 6 machos juntos, y 6 hembras y 6 machos separados. Los animales que estuvieron juntos fueron sacrificados, para observar la presencia de fetos en el útero; y a los animales que estuvieron separados, se les extrajo muestra de sangre, para conocer el nivel de testosterona en machos y LH, FSH, estrógenos y progesterona en hembras, expresándose en µg/dL; el dosaje hormonal se realizó por el método de electroquimioluminiscencia. Asimismo, se determinó GOT, GPT, urea y creatinina, según las técnicas utilizadas en el laboratorio clínico. Principales medidas de resultados: Gravidez, FSH, LH, estrógenos y progesterona en ratas hembras; testosterona en ratas machos. Resultados: Los flavonoides, compuestos fenólicos y taninos estuvieron en mayor cantidad en el extracto etanólico. El 100% de ratas que recibió el extracto etanólico de la planta y estuvo junto a los machos resultó grávida; y, las separadas que recibieron el mismo extracto, presentaron incremento de FSH en las hembras y testosterona en los machos, comparativamente a los controles respectivos. Los niveles de GOT, GPT, urea y creatinina se encontraron dentro de los límites aceptados. Conclusiones: En condiciones experimentales, el extracto etanólico de las flores de Laccopetalum giganteum (pacra-pacra incrementó la fertilidad en ratas normales.

  8. El aceite de pescado atenua las crisis convulsivas inducidas por hipertermia en ratas neonatas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leopoldo E. Flores M.

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Un alto porcentaje (50-60% del cerebro en los mamíferos son principalmente grasas o lípidos, de éstos, el 35% son ácidos grasos esenciales, en particular los llamados omegas (O, como el Acido Docosahexanoico (DHA y el Eicosapentanoico (EPA llamados omega 3 (O-3. Diversos estudios han mostrado beneficios en la salud con la implementación de los O-3 como agentes terapéuticos en alteraciones cardiovasculares, renales, dérmicas, metabólicas, neurodegenerativas e inmunológicas. Evidencias experimentales sugieren un beneficio potencial del aceite de pescado (APE como neuroprotector debido al alto contenido de DHA y EPA. Sin embargo, es poco lo que se conoce en cuanto a los efectos que pudieran tener sobre alteraciones nerviosas, como las crisis convulsivas. En este contexto, se ha reportado que el tipo más común de trastorno epiléptico observado en los niños son las crisis convulsivas provocadas por fiebre (CF. La incidencia es de 3-5%, con ocurrencia entre los 5 meses y 5 años de edad, y se ha propuesto que esta alteración en la vida temprana pudiera tener efectos a largo plazo, manifestándose como un síndrome de epilepsia en la vida adulta. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto del APE sobre las convulsiones inducidas por hipertermia experimental en un grupo de ratas Wistar macho de 5 días de edad (grupo SAPE cuyas madres consumieron una dieta base más un suplemento de APE (suministrado desde su infancia hasta la etapa de crianza. Este grupo se comparó con otro grupo de ratas de la misma edad y cepa (grupo SAPA cuyas madres consumieron una dieta base más un suplemento de aceite de palma (suministrado desde su infancia hasta la etapa de crianza, y con un tercer grupo de ratas (grupo CTRL cuyas madres consumieron la dieta base más agua bidestilada como suplemento. Las ratas tratadas con APE presentaron mayor resistencia a la elevación de la temperatura corporal inducida por la hipertermia, una menor frecuencia

  9. Sensibilidade as catecolaminas dos atrios direitos das ratas : influencia das fases do ciclo estral e do "stress"

    OpenAIRE

    Monica Luiza Viegas Rodrigues

    1993-01-01

    Resumo: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: analisar a sensibilidade ao efeito cronotrópico da isoprenalina, noradrenalina e adrenalina de átrios direitos isolados de ratas normais, em cada uma das fases do ciclo estral, ou após 50 minutos de natação, durante o estro ou o diestro; correlacionar as alterações de sensibilidade com as fases do ciclo estral e/ou com os níveis plasmáticos de corticosterona. Utilizamos ratas adultas, Wistar, normais, sedentárias, ou imediatamente após 50 min de nata...

  10. Valoración de una dieta hipercalórica en el desarrollo de osteoporosis en ratas Sprague-Dawley gonadectomizadas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mónica A. Gutiérrez

    1995-09-01

    Full Text Available El trabajo se inició con 34 ratas Sprague-Dawley de siete semanas de edad, de las cuales 26 se sometieron a gonadectomía bilateral para inducirles la menopausia. El grupo control quedó constituido por las restantes 8 ratas no gonadectomizadas. Para evaluar la influencia de la dieta hipercalórica en el desarrollo de osteoporosis, a 13 ratas gonadectomizadas se les suministró una dieta rica en grasa (grupo A, mientras que las otras 13 ratas (grupo B y el grupo control recibieron una dieta regular. Cinco meses después de la ovariectomía, la dieta hipercalórica causó la disminución del contenido de calcio en vértebras lumbares (L3, L4 y L5, mostrándose el efecto de la dieta en cuanto a que, bajo la ingesta de los demás nutrientes, se modificó su utilización, causando una desnutrición generalizada y cooperando así con el proceso de génesis de la osteoporosis. La ovariectomía indujo cambios hormonales que favorecieron el proceso de desmineralización condicionante de osteoporosis, validándose así el modelo experimental.

  11. Põhjakeskuse tehingut ei saa tagasi pöörata / Anne Oja

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Oja, Anne, 1970-

    2008-01-01

    Kobe Investmentsi partnerite Veljo Kuuse ja Kaire Kopli sõnul ei saa endine autoärimees Toomas Rüütmann Põhjakeskuse tehingut tagasi pöörata ning T. Rüütmann on keskuse projektist kätte saanud kordades enam raha, kui on sinna investeerinud. Vt. samas: Rüütmann väidab, et ta lasi varad arestida

  12. Ensayo de inmunogenicidad y toxicidad local del cocleato de Neisseriameningitidis en ratas Sprague Dawley

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan F. Infante

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available Los estudios de tolerancia local para productos vacunales resultan fundamentales como requisitos regulatorios para los estudios preclínicos. En este ensayo se utilizaron 48 ratas Sprague Dawley, de ambos sexos, con un peso corporal de 180-220 g, suministradas por el Centro Nacional para la Producción de Animales de Laboratorio, y una duración de 17 días. Las ratas fueron distribuidas en 5 grupos: 3 con diferentes concentraciones de cocleatos, uno sin inocular y otro que recibió el diluente del producto en prueba. A estas se les realizaron las observaciones clínicas necesarias, tales como: mediciones de incremento de peso, consumo de alimentos y agua, así como la evaluación anatomopatológica en los dos tiempos de sacrificio, uno a los 12 y otro a los 17 días; se enfatizó en el estudio histopatológico de encéfalo y las fosas nasales en tres niveles de su extensión. Se hicieron investigaciones inmunológicas consistentes en la determinación de IgG en suero, saliva y líquido cefalorraquídeo. Los resultados arrojaron un incremento del peso. En el consumo de agua y alimento no se observaron alteraciones clínicas, la anatomopatología evidenció discretos cambios inflamatorios que guardaron una relación directa con el aumento de las concentraciones del producto, los títulos de IgG en la saliva y suero de las ratas inoculadas con los cocleatos difirieron de forma significativa (P < 0,05 respecto a los grupos controles, el líquido cefalorraquídeo resultó negativo a la presencia de anticuerpos específicos IgG. Se concluye que los cocleatos aplicados por esta vía en ratas resultaron inmunogénicos e inocuos para el referido producto.

  13. Propuesta de ecuaciones para predecir la composición corporal de ratas machos wistar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marco Antonio Cossio-Bolaños

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: La evaluación de la composición corporal es importante, porque permite conocer el fraccionamiento del peso corporal en peso muscular, peso graso, peso residual y peso óseo, tanto en humanos, como en animales. Objetivos: Validar ecuaciones somáticas para predecir la composición corporal de un modelo tri-compartimental (peso graso, peso libre de grasa y peso residual de ratas machos wistar. Diseño: Estudio de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal. Institución: Facultad de Biología de la universidad estatal UNICAMP, Sao Paulo, Brasil. Material biológico: Ratas machos wistar. Métodos: Se estudió a 10 ratas machos wistar, con un promedio de edad de (X=98,00±10,40 días, se les evaluó el peso corporal (g. Enseguida fueron sacrificados y se procedió al fraccionamiento del peso graso (piel, peso libre de grasa (músculo y hueso y peso residual (PR (g. Los resultados fueron analizados por estadística descriptiva de media aritmética (X, desviación estándar (DE y correlación producto momento de Pearson (r. Para predecir los componentes, se aplicó regresiones estadísticas simples y múltiples, a partir del peso corporal (g y la edad (días como variables independientes. Por otro lado, para verificar la concordancia entre el método directo de disección in vitro con las ecuaciones de regresión, se utilizó el plotaje de Bland y Altman. Principales medidas de resultados: Validación de ecuaciones somáticas para predecir la composición corporal de ratas. Resultados: Se verificó altos coeficientes de correlación (r con el peso corporal y edad, los cuales dieron origen a ecuaciones que permitieron predecir el peso graso (PG = -31,6+(0,361*PT-(0,345*edad (R2=0,73 y peso libre de grasa (PLG = 19,9+(0,453*PT + (0,114*edad (R2=0,94. Sin embargo, el peso residual (PR fue obtenido por medio de una deducción matemática (PR=peso total-(PLG+PG. Así mismo, el plotaje de Bland y Altman permitió determinar alta concordancia

  14. Efeito diabetogênico das drogas anti-retrovirais em ratas Wistar prenhes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Figueiró-Filho Ernesto Antonio

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: estudar a ação diabetogênica de drogas anti-retrovirais em ratas prenhes e o prognóstico perinatal das crias. MÉTODOS: estudo com ratas fêmeas prenhes adultas da raça Wistar, pesando entre 200-230 g. Foram testadas a azidotimidina (AZT, lamivudina (3TC e nelfinavir (NFV, cujas dosagens foram padronizadas em 10 vezes a dose utilizada em gestantes, proporcionalmente ao peso dos animais. Foram avaliados sete grupos, incluindo o controle, contendo 10 ratas por grupo. O início do experimento foi o dia zero da prenhez e as cesarianas realizadas no 21º dia, após decapitação, sendo os fetos contados e pesados. Procedeu-se a dosagens de glicemia, insulina, glucagon e lactato no 21º dia. Avaliou-se também o peso do tecido adiposo retroperitoneal. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o teste t de Student para a análise estatística. RESULTADOS: os grupos tratados com 3TC, AZT + 3TC e AZT + 3TC + NFV demonstraram alterações com a redução das médias de ganho de peso materno diário, do peso da gordura retroperitoneal e peso das crias (grupo controle: 6,2 g; grupos contendo 3TC: 4,1 a 5,6 g, bem como dos valores de lactato (grupo controle: 5,8 mmol/mL; grupos contendo 3TC: 3,2 a 3,7 mmol/mL, quando comparados ao controle. Todos os grupos tratados com drogas anti-retrovirais apresentaram redução significativa do número de fetos por ninhada (grupo controle: 14,7; grupos medicamentos: 11,1 a 12,7 e dos valores séricos de insulinemia (grupo controle: 6,2 µUI/mL; grupos medicamentos: 2,1 a 2,7 µUI/mL e elevação da glucagonemia (grupo controle: 88,2 pg/mL; grupos medicamentos: 99,7 a 120,7 pg/mL. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre o grupo controle e tratados nos valores de glicemia. CONCLUSÕES: o uso de anti-retrovirais em ratas prenhes causa interferência no metabolismo glicídico dos animais durante o período de prenhez, provocando significativa redução do número das crias. Observou-se que o

  15. Efecto de la ciclosporina A y el verapamil en el pancreas endocrino de ratas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nuris Ledón Naranjo

    1995-08-01

    Full Text Available Se demostró el efecto tóxico de la ciclosporina A (10 mg/kg sobre las células ß- pancreáticas, al ser suministrada diariamente durante una semana a ratas Wistar, así como la reducción de su toxicidad por tratamiento conjunto de verapamil (1 mg/kg. El tratamiento con ciclosporina A produjo hiperglicemia, disminuyó la tolerancia a la glucosa y los niveles de insulina, lo que ocasionó una reducción del incremento de peso en las ratas. Desde el punto de vista ultraestructural, se observó desorden y destrucción celular. Se concluyó que el tratamiento con ciclosporina A y verapamil simultáneamente evitó los efectos tóxicos de la ciclosporina A.

  16. Importancia de la excreción biliar en la farmacocinética del paracetamol en la rata

    OpenAIRE

    Schaiquevich, Paula S.; Niselman, Ada Viviana; Rubio, Modesto Carlos

    2006-01-01

    El presente trabajo reporta el estudio de la farmacocinética del paracetamol en ratas (100 mg/kg, p.o) con flujo biliar modificado, interrumpido por canulación del conducto biliar o estimulado por acción farmacológica con ácido ursodesoxicólico. A pesar de que el paracetamol sufre recirculación enterohepática y que la excreción biliar de la droga es una vía importante de eliminación en la rata, la alteración del flujo biliar no provocó diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el tiempo ...

  17. Linnapea, keda rõõmustab titekisa / Jüri Ratas ; interv. Riina Luik

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Ratas, Jüri, 1978-

    2006-01-01

    Tallinna linnapea vastab küsimustele, mis puudutavad tema suhtumist opositsiooni kriitikasse, linna juhtimist, perekonda, lapsepõlve, spordiga tegelemist, sõpruskonda, eraettevõtlusest loobumist ning suhteid kirikuga. Lisa: Jüri Ratas (27). Vt. samas lühiintervjuud linnapea abikaasa Karin Ratasega. Kommenteerib Jüri Ratase endine klassijuhataja Nõmme gümnaasiumist, võrkpallitreener Raimund Pundi

  18. Dharmawangśa’s heritage On the appreciation of the Old Javanese Mahābhārata

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Willem van der Molen

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available As we all know, the Old Javanese Mahābhārata was not created from scratch by a Javanese author but was translated (in some sense from the Sanskrit. The story of Hiḍimbī reveals an interesting difference between the Old Javanese version and the Sanskrit version of the text. In the latter2 Hiḍimbī appeals to Kuntī, Bhīma’s mother, after Bhīma keeps rejecting her. However, it is not Kuntī who gives the answer but Yudhiṣṭhira, her son: he is the one who gives permission to Hiḍimbī to take Bhīma as her husband. We should remember that Kuntī at this point in the story is a widow; her husband died a long time ago. Yudhiṣṭhira is her eldest son. In the Old Javanese version it is Kuntī herself who answers Hiḍimbī.This difference between the Sanskrit Mahābhārata and the Old Javanese Mahābhārata is interesting, because it reflects a well-known difference between traditional Indian and Indonesian societies concerning the position of women. It is archetypical for the difference between the two versions of the text in general: the Old Javanese version follows the story faithfully but gives its own twist to it. This interpretation, I have to admit, is not generally accepted. The established scholarly opinion has it that the Old Javanese Mahābhārata is a shortened derivative, meaning that it copies or imitates the Sanskrit story, shortening it without adding anything new to the story.

  19. PURIFICACIÓN DE IgY CONTRA LA SUBUNIDAD NR3 DEL RECEPTOR NMDA DE CEREBRO DE RATA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gina Méndez C

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Obtener anticuerpos tipo IgY contra péptidos sintéticos de las subunidades NR3A y NR3B del receptor NMDA de ratas, para reconocer y seguir la expresión de estas subunidades en extractos de cerebro de rata de diferentes edades. Materiales y métodos. Se diseñaron dos péptidos empleando los sistemas de la base de datos Entrez y el programa ClustalW-PBIL de alineamientos múltiples contra las subunidades NR3A y NR3B del receptor NMDA; una vez sintetizados por el método SSPS-fmoc fueron utilizados para inocular gallinas (Gallus gallus, variedad Hy Line Brown de 16 semanas de edad; al cabo de 57 días postinoculación se purificó IgY específica y se enfrentaron a extractos de cerebro de rata postnatal y adulta. Resultados. Se detectaron las subunidades NR3A y NR3B y se relacionó su expresión con la edad del animal; siendo mayor la expresión de la subunidad NR3A en extracto de cerebro de rata postnatal. No se encontró diferencia marcada en la expresión de la subunidad NR3B en las edades mencionadas. Conclusiones. Esta es la primera investigación que emplea proteína nativa para el reconocimiento de la subunidad NR3 del receptor NMDA, lo cual muestra la especificidad de los anticuerpos generados y contribuye con el entendimiento de las funciones de este receptor y su relación con la regulación de la memoria espacial.

  20. Efecto hipoglucemiante del extracto etanólico de Geranium ruizii Hieron. (pasuchaca en la hiperglucemia inducida por aloxano en ratas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oscar Herrera-Calderon

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: Geranium ruizii (Pasuchaca es una planta medicinal utilizada tradicionalmente como hipoglucemiante en el departamento de Ancash, Perú. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto hipoglucemiante del extracto etanólico de Geranium ruizii administrada en ratas con hiperglicemia inducida por aloxano. Diseño: Experimental. Institución: Laboratorio de Farmacología Experimental, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Planta entera de Geranium ruizii, ratas Holtzman hembras de ocho semanas con 200 ± 20 g de peso corporal. Intervenciones: La hiperglicemia fue inducida con aloxano. Las ratas incluidas en el estudio presentaron una glicemia > 200 mg/dL. Se formaron seis grupos de seis ratas cada uno. El grupo I recibió agua destilada 2 mL; los grupo II, III y IV recibieron Geranium ruizii 50 mg/kg; 150 mg/kg y 300 mg/kg, respectivamente (vía oral; al grupo V se administró glibenclamida 5 mg/kg y al grupo VI insulina 4UI/kg. Principales medidas de los resultados: Glucemia (mg/ dL, porcentaje de inhibición del radical DPPH, especies reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS (nmoles/mL, estudio histológico de páncreas. Resultados: La dosis de 150 mg/kg de G. ruizii redujo 65,58% los valores de glicemia a las 2 h post administración (Kruskal Wallis; p< 0,001, redujo TBARS en 22,34% e inhibió el radical DPPH en 23,66%; el tejido pancreático se mantuvo en buen estado de conservación. Conclusiones: El extracto etanólico de Geranium ruizii (pasuchaca tuvo efecto hipoglicemiante en ratas con hiperglucemia inducida con aloxano.

  1. Shock hemorrágico: óxido nítrico en ratas anestesiadas y no anestesiadas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana M. Balaszczuk

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available AntecedentesEn un trabajo previo mostramos que el estado hipovolémico inducido por una pérdida agudade sangre se acompaña de una activación dinámica, heterogénea y dependiente del tiempode la óxido nítrico sintetasa (NOS cardíaca. Este sistema estaría involucrado en lasalteraciones hemodinámicas que se observan luego de la depleción de volumen sanguíneo.ObjetivoEl objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la participación del sistema del óxido nítrico(NO mitocondrial en la respuesta adaptativa del sistema cardiovascular ante un shockhipovolémico en ratas anestesiadas y no anestesiadas.Material y métodosEl estudio se llevó a cabo con cuatro grupos de animales (n = 7 por grupo: grupo A, ratascontrol anestesiadas; grupo C, ratas control no anestesiadas; grupo AH, ratas anestesiadassometidas a una hemorragia (20% de la volemia y grupo CH, ratas no anestesiadas sometidasa una hemorragia. Se evaluaron el consumo de oxígeno, la actividad funcional de la NOSmitocondrial (mtNOS y la producción mitocondrial de NO.ResultadosNo se observaron diferencias significativas entre los valores de control respiratorio en losdistintos grupos estudiados. La actividad funcional de la mtNOS fue menor en el grupo AHrespecto del grupo A (12 ± 2 y 19 ± 1, respectivamente. Este efecto fue de menor magnitudcuando la hemorragia se provocó en animales no anestesiados (17 ± 1 y 20 ± 1, respectivamente.La producción mitocondrial de NO disminuyó en los grupos sometidos a una pérdidaaguda de sangre, tanto no anestesiados como anestesiados, respecto de los animales controles.ConclusionesEl sistema del NO mitocondrial estaría involucrado en la respuesta de adaptación del sistemacardiovascular frente a la depleción aguda de volumen. Esta participación dependeríadel grado de anestesia del animal.REV ARGENT CARDIOL 2009;77:181-186.

  2. Consumo de alcohol en ratas adolescentes tratadas con reserpina y fluoxetina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paul Ruiz

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Si bien se ha estudiado el vínculo entre los trastornos de estado de ánimo y el consumo de alcohol, tanto en humanos como en animales, todavía no es del todo claro cómo se da esta relación, y menos aún durante la adolescencia. La administración de reserpina, un depletor de monoaminas, es un modelo ampliamente utilizado en roedores adultos para inducir comportamientos asociados a depresión, pero se desconoce su utilidad en otras etapas del desarrollo. En este trabajo validamos este modelo en ratas adolescentes y posteriormente estudiamos el consumo de alcohol en estos animales, así como su modulación por antidepresivos. En el experimento 1 se administró reserpina (0.0 o 1.0 mg/kg, durante 4 días, IP a ratas Wistar machos de 30 días. El consumo de alcohol fue evaluado luego de observar comportamientos asociados a depresión e indagar indicadores neuroendocrinos de esta patología. En el experimento 2 los animales recibieron reserpina, seguida por el antidepresivo fluoxetina (0.0 o 10.0 mg/kg, durante 4 días, IG, y luego se evaluó el consumo de alcohol. Los resultados mostraron que la reserpina aumentó significativamente los comportamientos asociados a depresión y alteró los niveles de dopamina en la corteza insular y de hormonas tiroideas en sangre. En la prueba de consumo de alcohol los animales deprimidos, pero no los controles, mostraron un incremento en el consumo a través de los días. El segundo experimento replicó parcialmente este perfil, y no se observó un efecto significativo del antidepresivo en el consumo de alcohol. Los resultados indican que la reserpina es útil para modelar en ratas adolescentes comportamientos asociados a depresión. Se encontró una relación entre este estado y el consumo de alcohol, que no se pudo revertir con antidepresivos.

  3. Efectos de un extracto hidroalcohólico de Bidens alba en ratas normales y con diabetes aloxánica

    OpenAIRE

    López Guerra, Regla Lisbel; Ventura Padrón, María C.; Rodríguez Rivas, Migdalia; Casas Blanco, José Carlos; Hernández Parets, Marleni; Arias Gallardo, Ana Isis

    2001-01-01

    Se realizó la valoración del efecto de un extracto hidroalcohólico de Bidens alba ("romerillo") en ratas normales, con diabetes aloxánica y con hiperglicemia inducida por epinefrina, en la Unidad Toxicológica Experimental del Instituto Superior de Ciencias Médicas "Dr. Serafín Ruiz de Zárate", Cuba, en el período entre septiembre de 1997 y mayo d e 1999. Fueron utilizadas 72 ratas Wistar de 180-210 gramos de peso. En animales normales se midió glucosa e insulina en sangre usando como comparac...

  4. 20 CFR 416.1133 - What is a pro rata share of household operating expenses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What is a pro rata share of household operating expenses. 416.1133 Section 416.1133 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION... total monthly expenditures for food, rent, mortgage, property taxes, heating fuel, gas, electricity...

  5. Comparación entre dos biomodelos murinos (ratones Balb/c y ratas Sprague Dawley en el ensayo de micronúcleos transplacentarios

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Francisco Arencibia Arrebola

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: comparar fetos de ratones Balb/c y ratas Sprague Dawley como biomodelos en el ensayo de micronúcleos transplacentarios, determinando la frecuencia espontánea e inducida, y vincular el efecto genotóxico y reproductivo. Métodos: se formaron tres grupos experimentales/especie: control negativo (simulacro, control solvente NaCl (0,9 % y ciclofosfamida 50 mg/kg. Todos los grupos se administraron por vía intraperitoneal los días 14, 15 y 16 de la gestación, y 24 h después de la última inoculación en ratones y 48 h en ratas se procedió a realizar la eutanasia de las gestantes, para obtener las muestras de hígado fetal. Resultados: los fetos de ratas Sprague Dawley demostraron tener menores índices de citotoxicidad y de genotoxicidad, y se obtuvieron los resultados más bajos de micronúcleos endógenos. Los mejores resultados de inducción de citotoxicidad y genotoxicidad por la alta formación de micronúcleos con ciclofosfamida fueron en fetos de ratas Sprague Dawley, los que resultaron más susceptibles al daño genotóxico de este mutágeno. Se corroboró el poder clastogénico transplacentario de la ciclofosfamida, vinculando este ensayo de genotoxicidad a toxicología de la reproducción. Conclusiones: los resultados sugieren el mejor uso de fetos de ratas Sprague Dawley como biomodelo en este ensayo cuando es utilizada la ciclofosfamida como control positivo por la vía y dosis estudiada; además, se pudieran utilizar en la evaluación de nuevas drogas con carácter antigenotóxico por vía transplacentaria.

  6. Capacidad antiteratogénica del resveratrol en diabetes inducida por estreptozotocina en ratas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ninna Leslie Trejo-González

    Full Text Available Objetivos. Evaluar la capacidad antihiperglucémica y antiteratogénica del resveratrol en ratas inducidas a diabetes por estreptozotocina. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de tipo experimental. Se tuvieron tres grupos, de cinco ratas Wistar preñadas cada uno, dos de los cuales fueron tratados el cuarto día de gestación con una dosis de estreptozotocina de 50 mg/kg, disuelta en tampón de citratos, y el otro fue considerado como control, y solo se le administró el tampón de citratos. A uno de los grupos inducidos con estreptozotocina se le administró resveratrol a dosis de 100 mg/kg durante los días 8 al 12 de gestación, cuando sucede la neurulación. Los fetos se obtuvieron el día 19 de gestación y se les realizó un análisis morfológico, y en el hígado fetal se determinó la actividad de las enzimas depuradoras de especies reactivas catalasa, superóxido dismutasa y glutatión peroxidasa. Resultados. La administración de resveratrol (DM+R revierte los parámetros a valores similares a los del grupo control. Las actividades de catalasa y de glutatión peroxidasa, se vieron incrementadas en el grupo tratado con resveratrol con respecto al grupo diabético, en cuanto a la frecuencia de malformaciones en el grupo control y en el grupo tratado con resveratrol no presentaron malformaciones, mientras que en las ratas con diabetes inducida, se encontró una elevada frecuencia de malformaciones. Conclusiones. El resveratrol muestra propiedades antiteratogénicas a través de la disminución del estrés oxidativo que se presenta a causa de la hiperglucemia materna

  7. Actividad antiurolítica del extracto etanólico de propóleo ayacuchano en ratas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rita López-Cabanillas

    Full Text Available RESUMEN Objetivos Determinar la actividad antiurolítica del extracto etanólico de propóleo ayacuchano en un modelo preventivo de urolitiasis inducido en ratas. Materiales y métodos Se estudiaron 45 ratas albinas macho Sprague-Dawley. El efecto antiurolítico se analizó en cinco grupos de seis animales: blanco, control (1 mL de etilenglicol al 5% y 1 mL cloruro de amonio al 5% y tres grupos tratados con el extracto etanólico de propóleo a dosis diaria de 250, 350 y 500 mg/Kg. Las sustancias fueron administradas mediante canulación orogástrica durante 16 días. El efecto diurético se evaluó en 15 ratas distribuidas en cinco grupos: blanco, control (furosemida 20 mg/Kg y tres grupos tratados con extracto etanólico de propóleo a dosis de 250, 350 y 500 mg/Kg. Se midió el pH urinario, densidad urinaria y sedimentación del oxalato de calcio; la presencia de cálculos renales se evaluó mediante cortes histopatológicos por tinción con hematoxilina-eosina bajo luz polarizada. Resultados El extracto etanólico de propóleo ayacuchano produjo cambios significativos en los valores de ácido úrico, lactato deshidrogenasa sérico, pH, densidad urinaria al comparar los tres grupos dosis; en el análisis histológico observado a luz polarizada se observó menor presencia de cristales de oxalato de calcio en células tubulares del riñón en el grupo tratado a dosis de 250 mg/Kg; el efecto diurético en el grupo tratado con dosis de 250 mg/kg fue mayor en comparación con la furosemida. Conclusiones El extracto etanólico de propóleo ayacuchano presenta actividad antiurolítica en el modelo preventivo de urolitiasis en ratas albinas.

  8. Eficacia tópica de Myrciaria dubia en la curación de quemaduras de segundo grado en ratas Holtzman.

    OpenAIRE

    Karla Pacci-Salazar; Lizette Nureña-Noriega; José Vásquez-Cerro; Guillermo Araujo-Espinoza; Marco Gálvez-Niño

    2009-01-01

    Objetivo: Comparar el efecto de la crema a base de Myrciaria dubia con el efecto antibiótico de la crema de sulfadiazina argéntica. Diseño: El presente es un estudio experimental aleatorizado incompleto. Participantes: 15 ratas Holtzman hembras de 9-10 semanas a las cuales se les produjo quemaduras de segundo grado. Intervenciones: Se produjo una quemadura cuadrada de 1cm2 de piel del dorso de las ratas usando un cautín modificado para producir tres quemaduras térmicas por cada animal. Se sel...

  9. Efecto quimioprotector de Bidens pilosa en el cáncer de mama inducido en ratas

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    Jorge Arroyo

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: Bidens pilosa L es una planta perteneciente a la familia Asteraceae, conocida en Perú como amor seco y cadillo. Se le atribuye efectos antiinflamatorio, diurético y hepatoprotector. Objetivos: Determinar el efecto quimioprotector de los compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides extraídos de la planta entera de Bidens pilosa sobre el cáncer de mama inducido en ratas con 7,12-dimetilbenz antraceno (DMBA. Protección medida en base a detención del desarrollo de adenocarcinoma y disminución de marcadores de estrés oxidativo. Diseño: Experimental. Institución: Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Material biológico: Planta entera de Bidens pilosa L recolectada en La Libertad, Perú, y ratas hembras Holtzmann. Intervenciones: Se obtuvo los compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides por cromatografía en columna rápida, con solventes de polaridad creciente. Mediante cromatografía en capa fina y reactivos de desplazamiento, se aisló cuatro compuestos fenólicos. Los tumores de mama fueron inducidos con DMBA administrado oralmente. Se formó cuatro grupos de seis ratas cada uno: grupo control, grupo con tóxico inductor (TI DMBA del cáncer, grupos con TI más tratamiento de extracto etanólico 300 mg/kg, y grupo con TI más tratamiento de extracto metanólica 300 mg/kg. Principales medidas de resultados: Disminución del desarrollo de adenocarcinoma mamario. Resultados: Se logró disminución significativa del desarrollo de adenocarcinoma mamario con los tratamientos de extracto metanólico y etanólico, siendo mejor con la fracción metanólica; el marcador de estrés oxidativo disminuyó en los grupos que recibieron tratamiento con la planta, siendo significativo con la fracción metanólica; hubo menor número de micronúcleos (genotoxicidad en los animales que recibieron tratamiento. Conclusiones: En condiciones experimentales, el extracto y fracción metanólica de Bidens

  10. Efecto citoprotector y antisecretor del aceite de Copaifera officinalis en lesiones gástricas inducidas en ratas

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    Jorge Arroyo

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Demostrar el efecto gastroprotector del aceite de Copaifera officinalis usando indometacina y ligadura de píloro en ratas. Diseño: Estudio preclínico. Lugar: Facultades de Medicina, de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Ratas y aceite de copaiba. Intervenciones: Se colectó el aceite de copaiba en Ucayali, Pucallpa. La citoproteccción fue evaluada con indometacina, considerando un grupo control normal, indometacina, grupos de aceite de copaiba y omeprazol. Las lesiones de la mucosa gástrica fueron calificadas como las compatibles con necrosis local (tejido no viable, hiperemia, enrojecimiento presente y hemorragia, empleando la escala de puntaje observacional; y la úlcera, según la escala de Macallister modificado. El ensayo de antisecreción fue realizado por el modelo de ligadura del píloro, en el que 24 ratas albinas fueron divididas al azar en 3 grupos; un control, otro de aceite de copaiba 40mg/kg y un tercero de omeprazol 10 mg/kg. Después de 4 horas de ligazón, fueron sacrificados, extrayéndose los estómagos; con mucho cuidado se midió el volumen y se determinó el pH de la secreción gástrica, por potenciometría. Se realizó evaluación histopatológica según Devi. Principales medidas de resultados: Lesiones ulcerosas. Resultados: Los resultados indicaron 100% de efecto citoprotector con el aceite de copaiba y de 97,8% para el omeprazol (p<0,0001, ratificado con los hallazgos histopatológicos; la disminución del volumen de secreción fue 79,4% para omeprazol y 42,8% para el aceite de copaiba (p<0,001, con incremento del pH. Conclusiones: En condiciones experimentales, el aceite de copaiba fue efectivo como agente gastroprotector en ratas con inducción de úlcera gástrica.

  11. Compuestos fenólicos de la fracción metanólica de Bidens pilosa, sobre la neoplasia gástrica, inducida en ratas

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    Jorge Arroyo

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar la influencia del extracto etanólico y la fracción metanólica conteniendo compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides de la planta entera de Bidens pilosa L sobre la neoplasia gástrica inducida en ratas con N-nitroso-N-metilurea (NMU. Diseño: Experimental. Lugar: Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas-Bioterio Facultad de Medicina UNMSM. Material biológico: Ratas albinas cepa Holtzmann machos. Intervenciones: Según Ferraz de Souza y col., 2002, se dispuso de un grupo control normal, un grupo con NMU y grupos de NMU más tratamientos de extracto etanólico y fracción metanólica, a dosis de 300 mg/kg. Para la significancia estadística se consideró la p<0,05. Principales medidas de resultados: Progresión de la neoplasia gástrica inducida en ratas. Resultados: Indican displasia y estadios iniciales de carcinoma en los estómagos de las ratas, lo que fue menos evidente en los animales con tratamiento, siendo mejor el grupo que recibió fracción metanólica. El marcador de estrés oxidativo disminuyó en los grupos que recibieron tratamiento con la planta, resultando mejor la fracción metabólica. Se observó menor cantidad de micronúcleos (genotoxicidad en los animales que recibieron tratamiento. Conclusiones: El extracto etanólico y la fracción metanólica de Bidens pilosa L en las condiciones experimentales han detenido la progresión de la neoplasia gástrica inducida en ratas.

  12. Female and male attractiveness as depicted in the Vanaparvan of the Mahābhārata

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    Iwona MILEWSKA

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available This paper deals with the bodily attractiveness of heroines and heroes, as described in one of the two most important epics of India. The basis for this analysis is the love stories and episodes included in the main plot of the Vanaparvan, the third book of the Mahābhārata. The stories from this book have been taken into consideration due to their numerous occurrences, which are a sufficient ground for generalizations. Many characteristic features of their protagonists are repeated in different sub‑stories. Also, the images of female and male characters, princesses, queens and kings are presented and discussed in detail. The external beauty of such female heroines as Damayantī, Sāvitrī, Sukanyā, Suśobhanā and Sitā; as well as the attractiveness of two semi‑goddesses, called Apsarases, are described and analysed. The names of the Apsarases discussed in the context of female beauty are Urvaśī and Menakā. Besides this, the image of an unnamed courtesan is discussed, as it is the most detailed description of a female character and probably follows the ideal of female beauty as shown in the Mahābhārata. As far as the male protagonists are concerned, the images of heroes such as Nala, Bhīma, Aśvapati, Rāma and Daśaratha are taken into consideration. The examples of male attractiveness also include features of the five main heroes of the Mahābhārata: the Paṇḍava brothers.

  13. Aspectos morfológicos da uretra de ratas após eletroestimulação do assoalho pélvico

    OpenAIRE

    Camargo,Adriana Luciana Moreno; Salerno,Gisela Rosa Franco; Gomes,Regina Célia Teixeira; Simões,Ricardo Santos; Castro,Rodrigo de Aquino; Girão,Manoel João Batista Castello

    2013-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da eletroestimulação (ES) do assoalho pélvico na uretra de ratas. MÉTODOS: Quarenta ratas adultas foram distribuídas, randomicamente, em quatro grupos com dez animais cada: Ctrl - sem intervenção; Sham - não foi submetido a ES, recebeu um eletrodo dentro da vagina; Exp6 - submetido a seis sessões de ES do assoalho pélvico; e Exp12 - submetido a 12 sessões de ES do assoalho pélvico. Ao final do experimento, todos os animais foram anestesiados, e o terço médio da ur...

  14. Daño pulmonar generado por sulfato ferroso y vitamina C en embriones de ratas y crías, y regeneración posnecrótica por Petroselinum sativum (perejil)

    OpenAIRE

    Troncoso, Luzmila; Guija, Emilio; Palomino, Felio; Núñez, Marco; Oliveira, Gisela; Soberón, Mercedes; Flores, Juana

    2013-01-01

    Objetivos: Identificar histológicamente la protección por el Petroselinum sativum (perejil) del tejido pulmonar, frente al daño por la ingesta de sulfato ferroso y vitamina C, en ratas madre, fetos y crías. Diseño: Analítico, experimental. Institución: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM. Material biológico: Ratas hembras albinas en su primera, segunda o tercera semana de preñez, fetos y crías. Intervenciones: Se utilizó 36 ratas. Recibieron la misma...

  15. Estandarización de un modelo para inducir obesidad en ratas

    OpenAIRE

    Gipsis Suárez Román; Alfredo Jesús Perera Calderín; Sonia Clapés Hernández; Tammy Fernández Romero; Esteban Egaña Morales

    2013-01-01

    Fundamento: La obesidad es un factor de riesgo para múltiples enfermedades. Existen diversos modelos en ratas para inducir obesidad. Los modelos genéticos y la obesidad inducida por la dieta son costosos. Dentro de los modelos hipotalámicos de obesidad está el que se logra mediante la administración de glutamato monosódico en período neonatal. Esta sustancia no es costosa y produce las alteraciones metabólicas más importantes que se ven en la obesidad humana. Objetivo: seleccionar un esquema ...

  16. El género afecta las propiedades contráctiles del músculo sóleo en diabetes inducida experimentalmente en ratas

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    Adolfo Virgen Ortiz

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Ratas hembras y machos, de tres meses de edad, fueron separados en dos grupos: no diabéticas (ND, peso corporal, 274 ± 9 g; nivel de glucosa en la sangre, 4,94 ± 0,22 mmol/L; n = 16 y diabéticas (D; peso corporal, 207 ± 8 g; nivel de glucosa en sangre, 28,39 ± 0,94 mmol/L; n = 16. La diabetes fue inducida por una sola dosis de 60 mg/Kg de estreptozotocina administrada intraperitonealmente. Las ratas ND recibieron el mismo volumen de vehículo. Después de 4 semanas los animales fueron considerados diabéticos si su nivel de glucosa era ≥ 20 mmol/L. La masa y la contracción del músculo sóleo fueron mayores en machos ND que en las hembras ND. En las ratas macho D disminuyó su masa muscular en un 34% y la fuerza de contracción disminuyó en un 33%; mientras que en las hembras D disminuyeron 15% y 10% respectivamente.

  17. EFECTO DE GENTIANELLA ALBOROSEA EN ESTEATOSIS HEPÁTICA NO ALCOHÓLICA INDUCIDA POR DIETA HIPERLIPÍDICA EN RATAS HOLTZMAN HEMBRAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L. Ugaz-Soto

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del extracto de Gentianella alborosea como tratamiento contra esteatosis hepática no alcohólica (EHNA inducida por dieta hiperlipídica en ratas Holtzman hembras. Métodos: Diseño: Estudio experimental incompleto. Lugar: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Ratas Holtzman hembras. Intervenciones: Se utilizó 32 ratas repartidas en 4 grupos (n=8 distribuidos aleatoriamente: grupo control negativo, control positivo con dieta hiperlipídica, dosis 1 (35 mg/kg y dosis 2 (70 mg/kg. Se indujo EHNA con dieta hiperlipídica (Carbohidratos: 26%, Lípidos: 59% y Proteínas: 15% Calorías durante un período de 21 días, ad libitum. Luego, se administró el extracto acuoso de Gentianella alborosea por 4 días. Finalmente, se extrajeron los hígados para evaluar las alteraciones histopatológicas del parénquima hepático. Principales medidas de resultados: Se realizó el conteo microscópico de hepatocitos afectados con macrovacuolas, y los resultados fueron comparados mediante las pruebas de ANOVA (p<0,05 y HSD de Tukey (p<0,05. Resultados: Se encontró diferencias significativas (p<0.05 en el porcentaje de hepatocitos afectados entre los grupos dosis 1 (3.25 ± 2.27 y el control positivo (7.50 ± 3.76. Además, no se encontró diferencia significativa entre los grupos dosis 1 y dosis 2. Conclusiones: No se pudo determinar el efecto de Gentianella alborosea sobre la esteatosis hepática no alcohólica inducida por dieta hiperlipídica en ratas Holtzman hembra, por lo que se recomiendan estudios posteriores.

  18. Estudio del polimorfismo genético de las células de la médula ósea y del sistema nervioso central de ratas mediante la técnica de RAPD

    OpenAIRE

    Esteban Alberti; Jorge Fraga; Rocío García; Elizabeth Hernández; Karelys de la Cuetara; Lázara Castillo; Teresa Serrano

    2011-01-01

    Study of genetic polymorphism of the bone marrow and the central nervous system of rats cells by RAPD technique    Título corto: RAPD a células de ratas. Resumen Los modelos experimentales en rata han sido de gran utilidad en las evaluaciones terapéuticas o de reemplazo de células en enfermedades neurodegenerativas. Se ha comprobado que las células de la médula ósea (CMO) de ratas pueden diferenciarse en células que no forman parte de sus linajes normales. Hay evidencias de e...

  19. Treinamento em corrida de baixa intensidade: propriedades estruturais e mecânicas da epífise proximal do fêmur de ratas osteopênicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bárbara Braga Fernandes Maia

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo investigou os efeitos do treinamento em corrida de baixa intensidade (TCBI sobre propriedades estruturais e mecânicas da epífise proximal do fêmur de ratas osteopênicas. Ratas Wistar [idade = 20 semanas; massa corporal = 271,42 ± 17,6 g] foram submetidas à ovariectomia (OVX ou laparotomia (SHAM e alocadas em quatro grupos: corrida OVX (CO, n = 12, controle OVX (CONO, n = 12, corrida SHAM (CS, n = 12 e controle SHAM (CONS, n = 12. Quinze dias pós-cirurgia, os grupos CO e CS foram submetidos ao TCBI em esteira (16 m/min, 60 min/dia, cinco dias/semana por 10 semanas. O TCBI não alterou os efeitos deletérios da osteopenia induzida por ovariectomia sobre a densidade mineral do fêmur, a quantidade de osso trabecular no trocanter e colo do fêmur, a tenacidade e a força máxima de fratura do colo do fêmur de ratas.

  20. Calibration of denaturing agarose gels for molecular weight estimation of DNA: size determination of the single-stranded genomes of parvoviruses

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Snyder, C.E. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN); Schmoyer, R.L.; Bates, R.C.; Mitra, S.

    1982-01-01

    Vertical slab gel electrophoresis of DNA with CH/sub 3/HgOH-containing agarose produces sharp bands whose mobilities are suitable for size estimation of single-stranded DNA containing 600 to 20,000 bases. The relationship of electrophoretic mobility to size of DNA over this range is a smooth, S-shaped function, and an empirical model was developed to express the relationship. The model involves terms in squared and reciprocal mobilities, and produced excellent fit of known standard markers to measured mobilities. It was used to estimate the sizes of six parvovirus DNAs: Kilham rat virus (KRV), H-1, LuIII, and minute virus of mice (MVM) DNAs had molecular weights of 1.66 to 1.70 x 10/sup 6/, while the molecular weight of bovine parvovirus (BPV) DNA was 1.84 x 10/sup 6/ and that of adenoassociated virus (AAV) DNA was 1.52 x 10/sup 6/.

  1. Evaluación de preferencia por la forma o la textura de dos tipos de objetos en ratas Wistar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marisol Lamprea

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available La tarea de reconocimiento de objetos basada en el paradigma etológico de preferencia por la novedad ha sido ampliamente utilizada como modelo para evaluar procesos de memoria episódica en ratas. Este modelo supone que la preferencia se debe a la novedad de los objetos. Sin embargo, no se ha verificado que no exista preferencia basada en las características de los objetos. Con este fin, se realizaron dos experimentos independientes: en el primero, dieciséis ratas fueron expuestas simultáneamente a cuatro objetos diferentes en forma y textura ubicados en un campo abierto. En el segundo, quince animales fueron expuestos simultáneamente a dos objetos similares en forma pero diferentes en su textura. En ambos casos se analizaron el tiempo y la frecuencia de interacción con los objetos. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en las medidas mencionadas. Con base en estos resultados, se concluye que la preferencia observada en la tarea de reconocimiento de objetos no obedece a características propias de los mismos en términos de forma o textura, lo que sugiere la pertinencia de su utilización para evaluar la memoria episódica en ratas a través de la tarea de reconocimiento de objetos.

  2. Evaluación de preferencia por la forma o la textura de dos tipos de objetos en ratas Wistar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angélica Torres

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available La tarea de reconocimiento de objetos basada en el paradigma etológico de preferencia por la novedad ha sido ampliamente utilizada como modelo para evaluar procesos de memoria episó- dica en ratas. Este modelo supone que la preferencia se debe a la novedad de los objetos. Sin embargo, no se ha veri€cado que no exista preferencia basada en las características de los objetos. Con este €n, se realizaron dos experimentos independientes: en el primero, dieciséis ratas fueron expuestas simultáneamente a cua- tro objetos diferentes en forma y textura ubicados en un campo abierto. En el segundo, quince animales fueron expuestos simul- táneamente a dos objetos similares en forma pero diferentes en su textura. En ambos casos se analizaron el tiempo y la frecuen- cia de interacción con los objetos. No se encontraron diferencias signi€cativas en las medidas mencionadas. Con base en estos resultados, se concluye que la preferencia observada en la tarea de reconocimiento de objetos no obedece a características propias de los mismos en términos de forma o textura, lo que sugiere la pertinencia de su utilización para evaluar la memoria episódi- ca en ratas a través de la tarea de reconocimiento de objetos.

  3. A toxicidade do Hypericum perforatum administrado a ratas prenhes Evaluation of Hypericum perforatum toxicity when administered to pregnant rats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciana Valente Borges

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: No presente trabalho foi avaliada a toxicidade do H. perforatum administrado a ratas no período de organogênese (9º ao 15º dia de gestação. MÉTODOS: Trinta ratas Wistar inseminadas foram distribuídas aleatoriamente nos grupos controle e tratado, que receberam, respectivamente, 0,5 mL de solução fisiológica e 36 mg/kg de extrato seco de Jarsin diluídos em 0,5 mL de solução fisiológica por gavagem. A toxicidade materna foi avaliada por: consumo de água e ração, peso corporal, piloereção, deambulação, diarréia e ocorrência de mortes. As ratas foram sacrificadas no 21º dia de gestação, quando foram removidos e pesados: rins, fígado e ovários. Foram calculados os índices de implantação e de reabsorção e foi verificado o número médio de fetos por rata. RESULTADOS: Não foram observados sinais clínicos de toxicidade materna e nenhuma das variáveis analisadas apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos experimentais. CONCLUSÃO: Na dose administrada e no modelo experimental utilizado, o Hypericum perforatum não apresenta manifestações tóxicas para ratas prenhas no período de organogênese.BACKGROUND: Saint John's wort (Hypericum perforatum is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of depression and other psychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVE: In the present paper, the toxicity of H. perforatum administered to female rats during organogenesis (9th to 15th day of pregnancy was evaluated. METHODS: Thirty inseminated Wistar rats were randomly distributed into Control and Treated groups, which received by gavage, respectively, 0.5 ml of saline and 36 mg/Kg body weight of Jarsin dried extract diluted into 0.5 ml of saline. Maternal toxicity was evaluated by means of: water and food intake, body weight, piloerection, walking activity, diarrhea and death. Animals were killed on the 21st day of pregnancy, when kidneys, liver and ovaries were weighed. Implantation and reabsorption indices

  4. Valoración histológica de la respuesta pulpar y hepática del formocresol y el hueso liofilizado en dientes de rata.

    OpenAIRE

    Alcaina Lorente, Mª Antonia

    2003-01-01

    Son varios los agentes que se han utilizado para las pulpotomías en dientes primarios, siendo el formocresol el más difundido. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la respuesta pulpar en dientes de rata cuando el hueso liofilizado es usado como agente de pulpotomía y analizar los cambios histológicos del tejido hepático. La muestra de este estudio estaba formada por 60 ratas de raza Sprague-Dawley. El tratamiento se realizó en los primeros molares superiores, siendo un total de 120 d...

  5. Parametric and non-parametric approach for sensory RATA (Rate-All-That-Apply) method of ledre profile attributes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hastuti, S.; Harijono; Murtini, E. S.; Fibrianto, K.

    2018-03-01

    This current study is aimed to investigate the use of parametric and non-parametric approach for sensory RATA (Rate-All-That-Apply) method. Ledre as Bojonegoro unique local food product was used as point of interest, in which 319 panelists were involved in the study. The result showed that ledre is characterized as easy-crushed texture, sticky in mouth, stingy sensation and easy to swallow. It has also strong banana flavour with brown in colour. Compared to eggroll and semprong, ledre has more variances in terms of taste as well the roll length. As RATA questionnaire is designed to collect categorical data, non-parametric approach is the common statistical procedure. However, similar results were also obtained as parametric approach, regardless the fact of non-normal distributed data. Thus, it suggests that parametric approach can be applicable for consumer study with large number of respondents, even though it may not satisfy the assumption of ANOVA (Analysis of Variances).

  6. Efektivitas Pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0 pada fase awal infeksi virus Dengue-2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dewi Marbawati

    2015-01-01

    kuasi-eksperimental. Metode yang digunakan untuk deteksi virus Dengue-2 dalam penelitian ini adalah imunositokimia, setelah sebelumnya dilakukan uji sitotoksik PGV-0 terhadap sel vero. Hasil uji sitotoksik menunjukkan konsentrasi yang aman (tidak memberikan efek toksik dari PGV-0 terhadap sel Vero adalah 4,44 µM. Hasil uji imunositokimia menunjukkan nilai rata-rata sel positif akibat infeksi Dengue-2 satu hari dengan perlakuan PGV-0 jauh lebih kecil (3.8 ± 3.89 dibandingkan kontrol positifnya (14.55 ± 7.25. Disimpulkan bahwa PGV-0 mampu menurunkan positive rate akibat infeksi Den-2 pada periode awal infeksi. Kata Kunci: dengue, Pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0, imunositokimia, sel vero

  7. Conducta alimentaria y perfil glucémico en dos líneas de ratas con diabetes genética: eSS y eSMT

    OpenAIRE

    Montenegro, Silvana Marisa; Tarrés, María Cristina; Picena, Juan Carlos; Martínez, Stella Maris

    2005-01-01

    Introducción. La alimentación puede agravar la diabetes de humanos y modelos animales. Entre ellos, la rata eSMT presenta un curso más exacerbado y mayor biomasa que la línea parental eSS. Objetivo. Estudiar la conducta alimentaria de ratas macho eSMT y eSS ante oferta ilimitada y bajo restricción alternada, analizando su incidencia sobre el peso y la glucemia. Materiales y métodos. Se registró el consumo ad libitum en etapas de crecimiento y mantenimiento. Un grupo de eSMT recibió durante 5 ...

  8. Conducta alimentaria y perfil glucémico en dos líneas de ratas con diabetes genética: eSS y eSMT.

    OpenAIRE

    Silvana Marisa Montenegro; María Cristina Tarrés; Juan Carlos Picena; Stella Maris Martínez

    2005-01-01

    Introducción. La alimentación puede agravar la diabetes de humanos y modelos animales. Entre ellos, la rata eSMT presenta un curso más exacerbado y mayor biomasa que la línea parental eSS. Objetivo. Estudiar la conducta alimentaria de ratas macho eSMT y eSS ante oferta ilimitada y bajo restricción alternada, analizando su incidencia sobre el peso y la glucemia. Materiales y métodos. Se registró el consumo ad libitum en etapas de crecimiento y mantenimiento. Un grupo de eSMT recibió durante 5 ...

  9. Efeito do treinamento de natação em ratas ovariectomizadas e tratadas com glutamato monossódico no período neonatal

    OpenAIRE

    Cristina Falcão Esteves Costa, Ana

    2009-01-01

    Avaliou-se o efeito da natação sobre o crescimento somático e ósseo de ratas submetidas a dois modelos experimentais a fim de reproduzir déficit hormonal. Utilizou-se 28 ratas Wistar, neonatas, fêmeas separadas em dois grupos: Glutamato Monossódico (GluM,n=14) que recebeu uma solução de glutamato monossódico (4.0mg/g), em dias alternados, nos primeiros 14 dias de vida; e Grupo Salina (SAL, n=14) que recebeu solução salina. O peso corpóreo e as mensurações murinométricas (eix...

  10. La Privación del Agua en la Etapa Materna de Ratas Afecta la Espermatogénesis de sus Crías

    OpenAIRE

    Chehreie, Shima; Rabzia, Arezou; Farhadi-mesterkhani, Mohammad

    2013-01-01

    El estrés prenatal, como la privación del agua, afecta el proceso de desarrollo embrionario. Este estudio evaluó los efectos de la falta de agua en la rata preñada sobre los parámetros histológicos del testículo de las crías. Las ratas preñadas fueron divididas en dos grupos (control y experimental). En los animales de experimentación, se eliminó el agua durante 48 h al final del término de la gestación (19-21 días). Junto al análisis histopatológico e histomorfométrico se realizó el ensayo T...

  11. Estudo ultraestrutural do colo uterino de ratas ooforectomizadas após aplicação de óleo de copaíba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Brito Nara Macedo Botelho

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Em virtude da extensa utilização empírica do óleo de copaíba em tratamentos ginecológicos, este trabalho visa realizar um estudo ultraestrutural do colo uterino de ratas após aplicação deste óleo. Foram utilizadas 12 ratas adultas distribuídas em 4 grupos: Água, Milho, Padrão e Copaíba. Os animais foram submetidos a ooforectomia bilateral e após 21 dias foi iniciada a aplicação das substâncias. A eutanásia foi realizada em datas pré-detreminadas (7º, 14º e 21º dias. Os grupos Padrão, Água e Milho apresentaram epitélio com duas a três fileiras de células poliédricas e núcleos de diferentes tamanhos e formas. Já no grupo copaíba, o epitélio era constituído de várias fileiras de células (8 a 10 fileiras. Concluiu-se que o óleo de copaíba promoveu aumento de fileira de células da camada epitelial com queratinização no colo uterino de ratas ooforectomizadas.

  12. Arhitektonsko vrednovanje višestambenih zgrada i stanova za zbrinjavanje stradalnika Domovinskog rata

    OpenAIRE

    Homadovski, Aleksandar; Rogić, Ivan

    1999-01-01

    Arhitektonskim vrednovanjem stanova, zgrada i okoliša obuhvaćene su ove sastavnice programa za stambeno zbrinjavanje stradalnika Domovinskog rata: organizacija stana s rasporedom prostorija, kakvoćom izrade i položajem stana u zgradi, ekonomska vrijednost stana te teže prihvatljiva rješenja za korisnike koja se odnose na sadržaj, kakvoću i okolinu stana. Zaključuje se kako su u provedbi modeli stambenog zbrinjavanja različitih nositelja izgradnje pokazali kvalitativne različitosti te uputili ...

  13. Efeito do anti-TNF-α em implantes endometriais no peritônio de ratas

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    William Kondo

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da terapia anti-TNF-α no tratamento de implantes endometriais no peritônio de ratas. MÉTODOS: Os implantes endometrióticos foram induzidos cirurgicamente em 120 ratas Wistar-Albino. Os animais foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em 4 grupos. O grupo C (n=36 recebeu uma injeção intraperitoneal de 0,2ml de solução salina. O grupo L (n=41 recebeu uma injeção subcutânea de 1mg/kg de leuprolide. O grupo I5 (n=20 recebeu uma injeção subcutânea de 5mg/kg de anticorpo monoclonal anti-fator de necrose tumoral (TNF a (infliximab. O grupo I10 (n=20 recebeu uma injeção subcutânea de 10mg/kg de infliximab. As ratas foram sacrificadas após 21 dias para se avaliar o tamanho dos implantes e a expressão do TNF-α. RESULTADOS: O tratamento com leuprolide promoveu uma redução absoluta na área de superfície do implante comparado com o grupo C (+14mm vs. 0mm; p=0,013 e com o grupo I10 (+14mm vs. +5mm; p=0,018. Da mesma forma, uma redução percentual da area de superfície do implante foi observada comparando o grupo L com o grupo C (+33,3% vs. 0%; p=0,005 e com o grupo I10 (+33,3% vs. +18,3%; p=0,027. O tratamento com infliximab não foi capaz de diminuir a área de superfície do implante comparado com o grupo C. A expressão de TNF-α reduziu nos grupos L, I5 e I10 comparado com o grupo C (505,6µm² vs. 660,5µm² vs. 317,2µm² vs. 2519,3µm², respectivamente; p<0,001. CONCLUSÃO: A terapia anti-TNF-α reduziu a expressão de TNF-α nos implantes endometrióticos mas não reduziu a área de superfície da lesão.

  14. Effects of L-arginine oral supplements in pregnant spontaneously hypertensive rats Efeitos da oferta oral de L-arginina em ratas prenhas espontaneamente hipertensas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Ricardo Sousa Ayres de Moura

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of L-arginine oral supplementation in spontaneously hypertensive pregnant rats (SHR. METHODS: Thirty SHR and ten Wistar-EPM-1 virgin female rats were used in the study. Before randomization, females were caged with males of the same strain (3:1. Pregnancy was confirmed by sperm-positive vaginal smear (Day 0. Wistar-EPM-1 rats served as counterpart control (C-1. SHR rats were randomized in 4 groups (n=10: Group Control 2, non-treated rats; Group L-Arginine treated with L-arginine 2%; Group Alpha-methyldopa treated with Alpha-methyldopa 33mg/Kg; Group L-Arginine+Alpha-methyldopa treated with L-arginine 2%+Alpha-methyldopa 33mg/Kg. L-arginine 2% solution was offered ad libitum in drinking water and Alpha-methyldopa was administered by gavage twice a day during the length of pregnancy (20 days. Blood pressure was measured by tailcuff plethysmography on days 0 and 20. Body weight was measured on days 0, 10 and 20. Results were expressed as mean ± SD (Standard Deviation. One-Way ANOVA/Tukey (or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn, as appropriate was used for group comparisons. Statistical significance was accepted as pOBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da oferta oral de L-arginina em ratas prenhas espontaneamente hipertensivas (SHR. MÉTODOS: 30 SHR e 10 Wistar-EPM-1 ratas virgens foram utilizadas no estudo. Antes da distribuição, as fêmeas foram acasaladas com machos da mesma linhagem (3:1; a prenhez foi confirmada pela presença de espermatozóides no esfregaço vaginal. As ratas Wistar-EPM-1 foram utilizadas como controles. As ratas SHR foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em 4 grupos (n=10: Grupo Controle-2, não-tratado; Grupo L-Arginina, tratado com L-arginina; Grupo Alfa-metildopa, tratado com alfa-metildopa; Grupo L-Arginina+Alfa-metildopa, tratado com arginina+Alfa-metildopa. L-arginina (2% foi oferecida ad libitum na água de beber e a Alfa-metildopa (33 mg/Kg foi administrada por gavagem, duas vezes ao dia, durante toda a

  15. Anatomía del Hígado de la Rata Wistar (Rattus norvegicus)

    OpenAIRE

    Möller Bredo, Richard; Vazquez Odo, Noelia

    2011-01-01

    La rata de laboratorio (Rattus norvegicus albinus) ha sido usada como modelo para investigaciones médicas, biológicas y moleculares, desde hace mucho tiempo. Es interesante el hecho de que no existen descripciones detalladas de la anatomía del hígado y sus ligamentos que lo fijan a la pared. El objetivo de este trabajo es definir en forma clara y acorde a los principios de la Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria el hígado y sus medios de unión en esta especie de mamífero de laboratorio. Se utilizaron...

  16. BÚSQUEDA DE LA MUTACIÓN Phe-809 EN EL GEN DEL SUSTRATO DEL RECEPTOR DE INSULINA -1 (IRS-1 EN RATAS DIABÉTICAS eSS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stella Maris Daniele

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available El gen del sustrato del receptor de insulina IRS-1 juega un rol clave en la transducción de señales de insulina en músculo esquelético. Diversos polimorfismos del gen IRS-1 han sido reportados en estados de insulinorresistencia como obesidad y diabetes tipo 2.Las ratas eSS desarrollan espontáneamente diabetes tipo 2 magra, con insulinoresistencia caracterizada por hiperglucemia e hiperinsulinemia. Durante el segundo año existe disminución progresiva de la insulinemia y agravamiento del síndrome. Nuestro propósito fue buscar la mutación Phe-809 en el gen IRS-1, que implica sustitución del aminoácido Ser por Phe en el codon 809; dicho sitio se halla conservado en la rata. Esta variante fue identificada en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2. El gen del IRS-1 consta de un solo exón.Se analizó un fragmento de 281pb del gen IRS-1, que posee 90% de homología con el mismo fragmento en humanos. Se purificó ADN de leucocitos de un pool de sangre de ratas machos eSS y controles Wistar. Se cuantificó y amplificó por PCR utilizando un par de primers para amplificar ese mismo fragmento en el gen IRS-1 en humanos. Se usó sangre humana como control de amplificación. Se empleó el método de Sanger en la secuenciación del fragmento obtenido por PCR, previa extracción del mismo de un gel de agarosa al 2%. Se observó que la rata eSS y las controles mantuvieron la lectura esperada para ese fragmento, no encontrándose la mutación investigada. Se descarta la mutación Phe-809 como origen de la insulinoresistencia de la rata eSS.

  17. Efecto de Gentianella alborosea en esteatosis hepática no alcohólica inducida por dieta hiperlipídica en ratas holtzman hembras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L Ugaz-Soto

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del extracto de Gentianella alborosea como tratamiento contra esteatosis hepática no alcohólica (EHNA  inducida por dieta hiperlipídica en ratas Holtzman hembras. Métodos: Diseño: Estudio experimental incompleto. Lugar: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Ratas Holtzman hembras. Intervenciones: Se utilizó 32 ratas repartidas en 4 grupos (n=8 distribuidos aleatoriamente: grupo control negativo, control positivo con dieta hiperlipídica, dosis 1 (35 mg/kg y dosis 2 (70 mg/kg. Se indujo EHNA con dieta hiperlipídica (Carbohidratos: 26%, Lípidos: 59% y Proteínas: 15% Calorías durante un período de 21 días, ad libitum. Luego, se administró el extracto acuoso de Gentianella alborosea por 4 días. Finalmente, se extrajeron los hígados para evaluar las alteraciones histopatológicas del parénquima hepático. Principales medidas de resultados: Se realizó el conteo microscópico de hepatocitos afectados con macrovacuolas, y los resultados fueron comparados mediante las pruebas de ANOVA (p<0,05 y HSD de Tukey (p<0,05. Resultados: Se encontró diferencias significativas (p<0.05 en el porcentaje de hepatocitos afectados entre los grupos dosis 1 (3.25 ± 2.27 y el control positivo (7.50 ± 3.76. Además, no se encontró diferencia significativa entre los grupos dosis 1 y dosis 2. Conclusiones: No se pudo determinar el efecto de Gentianella alborosea sobre la esteatosis hepática no alcohólica inducida por dieta hiperlipídica en ratas Holtzman hembra, por lo que se recomiendan estudios posteriores.

  18. APLICACIÓN DEL TEST DE LA BARRA TRANSVERSAL MODIFICADO PARA EVALUAR RATAS HEMIPARKINSONIZADAS.

    OpenAIRE

    LISETTE BLANCO LEZCANO; LOURDES DEL C. LORIGADOS PEDRE; CARIDAD I. FERNÁNDEZ VERDECIA; TERESA SERRANO SÁNCHEZ; NANCY PAVÓN FUENTES; LILIANA FRANCIS TURNER

    2010-01-01

    La degeneración nigroestriatal que caracteriza a la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es estudiada en modelos experimentales en roedores por inyección de 6-hidroxidopamina (6-OHDA). El presente estudio presenta una versión modificada del test de la barra transversal (TBT) que permite la cuantificación del déficit motor a través de: tiempo que demora la rata en alcanzar una de las plataformas (latencia de escape, LE); tiempo que demora en caer de la barra (latencia de caída, LC); número total de er...

  19. Spirotetramat induce cambios histológicos y bioquímicos en rata Wistar

    OpenAIRE

    M. Falcón-Etchechury; M. I. Silveira-Gramont; R. M. Robles-Sánchez; R. Canett-Romero; R. Ramos-Enríquez; G. López-Cervantes; G. Rodríguez-Olibarría; L. E. Gutiérrez-Millán; M. L. Aldana-Madrid

    2013-01-01

    Spirotetramat, comercialmente conocido como Movento®, es derivado del ácido tetrámico, empleado en el cultivo de la vid y de algunos vegetales para el control de parásitos chupadores. Los estudios toxicológicos in vivo solo publican una descripción general de su metabolismo. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer los cambios en el comportamiento, en indicadores bioquímicos séricos e histológicos en ratas Wistar macho. Se realizó los siguientes tratamientos: a) intoxicación aguda con Spirotet...

  20. La separación materna durante la lactancia altera los niveles basales del sistema neuroendocrino en ratas adolescentes y adultas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Irene Riveros-Barrera

    2016-03-01

    Conclusiones. Estos resultados muestran que el estrés temprano al que fueron sometidas las ratas, produjo cambios en las respuestas del eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-suprarrenal, las cuales variaron según el sexo y la edad.

  1. Relación de glutatión reducido/oxidado (GSH/GSSG en ratas diabéticas tratadas con maca (Lepidium meyenii walp

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ruth Cisneros

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: La diabetes mellitus y sus complicaciones representan un problema de salud pública. La hiperglucemia desencadena efectos bioquímicos dañinos para el organismo, como el estrés oxidativo y el proceso inflamatorio crónico, por lo que el uso de plantas medicinales con elevada capacidad antioxidante, como Lepidium meyenii Walp (maca, es una alternativa en el tratamiento de esta patología. Objetivo: Determinar si la ingestión de harina de maca mejora la relación glutatión reducido/oxidado (GSH/GSSG en ratas diabéticas. Diseño: Experimental. Institución: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Harina de maca amarilla y ratas albinas Holtzman machos adultas. Intervenciones: Se utilizó 24 ratas, a los cuales se les indujo la diabetes con estreptozotocina (STZ 40 mg/kg de masa corporal y que fueron distribuidas aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos, de seis animales cada uno: control (CO, glibenclamida (GL 10 mg/kg de masa corporal, maca 4 g/día (M4 y maca 6 g/día (M6; el experimento duró 40 días. Se evaluó la glicemia, masa corporal y, al final del experimento, se determinó los niveles de GSH y GSSG en plasma y homogenizado de hígado. Principales medidas de resultados: Masa corporal, glicemia, GSH y GSSG en plasma y homogenizado de hígado. Resultados: A nivel plasmático, el glutatión circulante estuvo favorecido para la forma reducida. Los valores de la relación GSH/GSSG en los grupos tratados con maca estuvieron alrededor de 190, significativamente mayor al grupo CO. Conclusiones: La administración de harina de maca amarilla a ratas diabéticas incrementó la relación GSH/GSSG a nivel plasmático, contribuyendo a mejorar su estado redox.

  2. Comparison of Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA) and Descriptive sensory Analysis (DA) of model double emulsions with subtle perceptual differences

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Oppermann, A.K.L.; Graaf, de C.; Scholten, E.; Stieger, M.A.; Piqueras Fiszman, Phd Betina

    2017-01-01

    The Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA) method, an intensity-based Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) variant, has recently been developed for sensory characterization involving untrained panellists. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensory profiles of ten model (double) emulsions with subtle perceptual

  3. Cambios Morfológicos en la Regeneración del Tendón Calcáneo de Rata (Sprague Dawley) por la Aplicación de Ultrasonido Continuo

    OpenAIRE

    Schencke, Carolina; del Sol, Mariano

    2010-01-01

    Las lesiones de los tendones plantean siempre grandes problemas clínicos y terapéuticos, por su importancia funcional y su peculiar cicatrización. El apoyo fisiátrico, específicamente el tratamiento con ultrasonido, ha demostrado ser eficiente en la regeneración del tendón calcáneo. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar morfológicamente los efectos del uso de ultrasonido continuo en la regeneración post quirúrgica del tendón calcáneo de rata. Se utilizaron 15 ratas albinas, Sprager Dawle. ...

  4. Análise dos Vasos do Trato Urinário Inferior de Ratas Durante e Após a Prenhez Analysis of Urinary Tract Vessels during and after Pregnancy in Rats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Vicente Kosmiskas

    2002-05-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: estudar as variações da anatomia vascular de ratas, avaliando o número de vasos da uretra proximal e distal, da junção vésico-uretral e da bexiga, durante e após a prenhez. Métodos: trinta ratas, com teste positivo de acasalamento, foram divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos contendo 10 animais cada, a saber: GI - ratas no 10º dia de prenhez; GII - ratas no 20º dia de prenhez; GIII - ratas no 5º dia de puerpério; um grupo controle (GIV era composto de 10 ratas na fase de estro. Foram contados os vasos sangüíneos em quatro lâminas, por animal, coradas pelo método do tricrômico de Masson, com ocular de integração de 25 pontos, acoplada a microscopia de luz, com objetiva de 40 X. As regiões estudadas foram uretra proximal e distal, junção vésico-uretral e bexiga. Resultados: não houve variação significativa no número de vasos da bexiga, da junção vésico-uretral e da uretra proximal nas ratas durante a gestação ou em relação ao grupo controle. Na uretra distal, o número de vasos no grupo controle foi 13,7, sendo significativamente menor do que nos grupos com prenhez (20,5 a 24,4 vasos. Conclusões: as ratas prenhes apresentaram maior número de vasos na uretra distal do que aquelas em estro. Nos demais locais estudados não houve diferenças entre os grupos.Purpose: to evaluate the variations in vascular anatomy by assessing the number of vessels of the proximal and distal urethra, of the vesicourethral canal and of the bladder, during and after pregnancy in rats. Method: thirty female rats, with a positive test for pregnancy, were divided into three groups of 10 animals each: GI - rats on the 10th day of pregnancy; GII - rats on the 20th day of pregnancy; GIII - rats on the 5th day of puerperium; a control group (GIV composed of 10 rats in the estrous phase. The vessels were stained by the method of Masson and counted with a 25-dot integration ocular, coupled to a light microscope, with an objective

  5. Evaluación del efecto de un bloqueador de canales de calcio sobre el aprendizaje después de la inducción a hipoxia neonatal en ratas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nohora Ardila

    2000-07-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó el aprendizaje de ratas sometidas a hipoxia perinatal y el efecto sobre el mismo de la nimodipina, edemas de las alteraciones producidas sobre algunos signos de maduración. Para la inducción a hipoxia se utiliza nitrógeno 100% en ratas de 24 horas de nacidas, el aprendizaje fue evaluado con un test de evitación pasivo y el medicamento fue inyectado por vía intraperitoneal (IP. En los 4 grupos experimentales, se observaron deficiencias de aprendizaje, especialmente en los grupos de hipoxia e hipoxia  con medicamento 5 minutes después de la exposici6n a nitrógeno. Estos resultados muestran que los efectos de la hipoxia sobre el aprendizaje no  fueron disminuidos por el medicamento, principal mente administrándolo 5 minutes después y que los dan os producidos par la hipoxia perinatal no pudieron ser evidenciados en el desarrollo físico de las ratas debido a que los signos de maduración no se vieron afectados.

  6. Efecto del extracto metanólico de Jatropha macrantha Müll. Arg., en la disfunción eréctil inducida en ratas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aldo Tinco

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Determinar el efecto del extracto metanólico de Jatropha macrantha Müll. Arg. ‘huanarpo macho’ en la disfunción eréctil inducida en ratas. Diseño: Experimental. Institución: Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú; Laboratorio de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga, Ayacucho, Perú. Material biológico: Extracto metanólico de Jatropha macrantha Müll Arg. ‘huanarpo macho’; ratas wistar de 300+/-50 g. Intervenciones: La obtención de la muestra se realizó en la Provincia de Vilcas Huamán - Ayacucho. Se evaluó el comportamiento sexual y la concentración de óxido nítrico y el efecto vasorrelajante en el cuerpo cavernoso aislado de pene de ratas, siendo los grupos de estudio: grupo 1 agua 10 mL/kg; grupo 2 sildenafilo 5 mg/kg; grupos 3, 4 y 5 extracto metanólico 100, 200 y 300 mg/kg. Se aisló órganos en los grupos de 50, 100 y 300 ug/mL de extracto, L- arginina 300 uM, acetilcolina 30uM, epinefrina u/mL y sildenafilo (3,2 × 10-5 mg/mL. Principales medidas de resultados: Flavonoides aislados, comportamiento sexual de ratas, niveles plasmáticos de óxido nítrico y relajación del músculo cavernoso. Resultados: Por cromatografía se encontró estructuras tipo flavonas, y mediante espectroscopia UV y reacciones de desplazamiento se identificó 6-hidroxi-4’,5,7-trimetoxi flavona, 4’,7-dihidroxi-5,6-dimetoxiflavona, 7-hidroxi-3’,4’,5’,5,8 pentametoxiflavona, 4’,7-dihidroxi-3’,5,6-trimetoxiflavona, DL50 1357 mg/kg. El comportamiento sexual fue dosis dependiente; la administración de 300 mg/kg de la planta por vía oral incrementó la frecuencia de monta en 75% y elevó los niveles de óxido nítrico en 85%, en tanto que la dosis de 200 mg/kg lo hizo en 71,1% y 32,4%, respectivamente (p<0,05. Conclusiones: En ratas con disfunción eréctil inducida, el extracto metanólico de Jatropha macrantha Müll Arg.

  7. Propuesta de una ecuación lineal para valorar la velocidad de crecimiento somático a partir de la masa corporal de ratas machos Wistar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marco Antonio Cossio-Bolanos

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: Para conocer el grado de maduración biológica de los roedores es necesaria la aplicación de métodos invasivos y no-invasivos, para lo cual los estudios que engloban diversas cepas de ratas necesitan de procedimientos simples de manera de controlar los efectos de confusión que la maduración biológica pudiera ocasionar. Objetivos: Determinar la velocidad de crecimiento (VC de ratas machos Wistar a partir de la masa corporal y proponer ecuaciones de regresión lineal para predecir el pico de velocidad de crecimiento (PVC. Diseño: Estudio longitudinal de cohorte. Institución: Universidad Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, Departamento de Farmacología. Métodos: De un total de 101 ratas, se seleccionó de forma probabilística-aleatoria (tablas aleatorias 25 ratas machos Wistar de 3 semanas de vida (21 días de edad. Se evaluó la masa corporal (g cada semana, hasta las 16 semanas de vida. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la estadística descriptiva de la media aritmética (X y desviación estándar (DE. Para determinar las diferencias significativas entre las edades se usó ANOVA para medidas repetitivas (p<0,001 y para correlacionar las variables de edad, peso y PVC se utilizó (r de Pearson (p<0,001. La predicción del PVC se efectuó a través del análisis de regresión lineal simple y múltiple StepWise (p<0,001. Principales medidas de resultados: Velocidad de crecimiento; propuesta de ecuaciones de regresión lineal para predecir el pico de velocidad de crecimiento. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que la velocidad de crecimiento evaluada a través de la masa corporal se presentó alrededor de los 42 días de vida. Con dichos resultados se generó tres ecuaciones de regresión lineal simple y múltiple, donde el coeficiente de determinación (R² para el modelo 1 fue 0,99, para el modelo 2, 0,89 y para el modelo 3, 0,99, respectivamente. Estas ecuaciones permiten predecir la proximidad y el

  8. Efecto Preventivo del extracto etanólico de las hojas de Annona muricata L. (Guanábana) sobre el síndrome metabólico inducido en ratas

    OpenAIRE

    Palomino Flores, Christian Manuel

    2016-01-01

    Evalúa el efecto preventivo del extracto etanólico de hojas de guanábana (EEA) administrado en ratas con síndrome metabólico. El diseño del estudio fue experimental, pre-clínico, “in vivo”. El lugar de estudio fue el Laboratorio de Farmacología Experimental de la Facultad de Medicina Humana-UNMSM, Lima, Perú. El material biológico estuvo conformado por hojas de guanábana, ratas machos de 2 meses, cepa Holtzmann de 175±25g. Las intervenciones fueron: la mezcla de colesterol 200mg/kg y fructos...

  9. EFECTO HIPOGLICEMIANTE DEL EXTRACTO ACUOSO ÁCIDO ATOMIZADO DE Stevia rebaudiana BERTONI EN RATAS ALBINAS

    OpenAIRE

    Yance, Mercedes; Aronés, Marco; Ramírez, Emilio; Paniagua, Juan; Choquesillo, Fritz; Castro, Américo

    2017-01-01

    La Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni es una especie con propiedades edulcorantes, y utilizada como un producto alternativo al azúcar y los endulzantes artificiales. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la acción hipoglicemiante de una tableta elaborada con el extracto atomizado de hojas de Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. El efecto hipoglicemiante se determinó utilizando el test de tolerancia oral a la glucosa, para el cual se ratas macho, cepa holtzman, con peso promedio de 210 ± 10g, divididas en ...

  10. Cuantificación del factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina (IGF-1 total en tejidos de rata

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    Elizabeth Rico

    1998-06-01

    Full Text Available Se establecieron los contenidos totales de IGF-I en algunos tejidos de rata adulta normal (hígado, riñón, corazón, pulmón, timo, bazo y músculo esquelético por medio de radioinmunoanálisis (RIA específico. La efectividad de la extracción ácido-etanólica (AE, corrientemente empleada para eliminar la interferencia de las proteínas de unión del IGF-I (IGFBPs en el análisis del factor en suero, se evaluó para las muestras de tejidos y se comparó con la extracción AE seguida de crioprecipitación (AEC. Los resultados mostraron que la extracción AE no permite remover completamente las IGFBPs y que con el paso adicional de crioprecipitación se libera aproximadamente 20% más de IGF-I de los tejidos. Finalmente, por medio de RIA se estableció la distribución tisular de este factor de crecimiento en rata. El método aquí descrito puede aplicarse en estudios de regulación metabólica o nutricional del IGF-l.

  11. Efecto del clorhidrato de tiaprida sobre el metabolismo oxidativo de cerebro de rata "in vitro"

    OpenAIRE

    Torrecilla García-Ripoll, Juan Ramón

    2012-01-01

    El clorhidrato de tiaprida es una benzamida u ortopramida con efecto neuroléptico atípico. En el presente trabajo se estudia el efecto del clorhidrato de tiaprida sobre el consumo de oxígeno, glucosa, fosforilación oxidativa mitocondrial, actividad ATPasa y la interacción con diversos neurotransmisores en preparaciones de cortes de corteza de rata "in vitro". En relación con el MATERIAL Y METODOS, se determinó el consumo de oxígeno en cortes, homogeneizados y mitocondrias de cerebro de r...

  12. Modificaciones histológicas del cartílago hialino a nivel de la articulación maleolar en ratas artríticas tratadas con Zea mays L (variedad morada)

    OpenAIRE

    Villalobos Pacheco, Eduardo Jesús

    2017-01-01

    Demuestra que el extracto de Zea mays L reduce las modificaciones histológicas en el cartílago hialino a nivel de la articulación maleolar en términos de la estructura, células y estado de integridad del cartílago, en ratas artríticas inducidas por pristane. Realiza un modelo de artritis en ratas Sprague Dawley inducido por pristane vía subdérmica (0.2 ml). Se distribuyeron en control positivo (n=10) vehículo (1ml/100g), Metotrexato (n=10) 0,1mg/Kg, Indometacina (n=10) 0.6 mg/kg, Zea mays 1% ...

  13. Efecto del extracto hidroalcohólico de Zingiber officinale Roscoe (jengibre) en modelo de hepatotoxicidad en ratas

    OpenAIRE

    Gómez-Rodríguez, Banely Trinidad; Cortés Suárez, Saúl; Izquierdo-Sánchez, Teresa

    2013-01-01

    Introducción: el rizoma de Zingiber officinale Roscoe (jengibre) familia Zingiberaceae, presenta actividad antioxidante como atrapador de radicales libres y de protección en lipoperoxidación en modelos in vivo e in vitro, debido a sus principales compuestos bioactivos. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto del extracto hidroalcohólico obtenido de Zingiber officinalis en el modelo de hepatotoxicidad por sobredosis de acetaminofén en ratas. Métodos: se preparó un extracto hidroalcohólico del rizoma fresc...

  14. Pattern of photosynthesis in saline indica var. of rice Kala Rata

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hegde, B.A.; Joshi, G.V.

    1975-01-01

    The present investigation on Kala Rata deals with the pattern of photosynthesis and the salt stress effect on the photosynthetic efficiency in rice. It is evident from the investigation that chlorophyll synthesis is enhanced with the increasing concentration of NaCl in the bathing medium. However, the efficiency of photosynthesis does not increase with increased chlorophyll production. All ions in leaves can stimulate CO 2 incorporation but inhibit at higher concentration. Analysis of short term products of photosynthesis revealed that aspartate is the major product to be heavily labelled which is evident from autoradiogram. PGA has also appreciable label, where as, malate has the least. It appears therefore, that in rice, both, Calvin as well as C 4 type of pathways are operating. 'Aspartate former' type of rice does not seem to be efficient in photosynthesis as it has C 3 pathway also in operation. (author)

  15. Efecto en el aprendizaje y la memoria espacial de un péptido sintético en ratas: estudio preliminar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. Oyuela

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo la indagación de los efectos de un nuevo péptido, diseñado con base en las conantoquinas, como posible agente sensible al receptor NMDA en el aprendizaje y la memoria espacial en ratas. Por medio del laberinto de agua de Morris, y el protocolo adaptado de Magnusson, mediante un diseño de medidas repetidas con un grupo control y tres experimentales –Péptido, NMDA y MK-801– se evaluó en 24 ratas macho Wistar entre 8 y 9 meses de edad, asignadas aleatoriamente a cada grupo. Los datos sugieren que el péptido diseñado mejora los procesos de memoria espacial y aprendizaje vs. el grupo control y el grupo MK-801 con un nivel de significancia p < .05. En comparación con el grupo NMDA esta mejoría se observó en el 50% de los sujetos. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos, y posibles extensiones de esta investigación con el objetivo de validar los resultados de este estudio preliminar.

  16. EFECTO DIURÉTICO DE LAS HOJAS DE MAYTENUS MACROCARPA “CHUCHUHUASI” EN RATAS ALBINAS

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    Fanny Bastidas Garcia

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad diurética del extracto acuoso obtenido a partir de la hojas del Maytenus macrocarpa “Chuchuhuasi” en ratas albinas. Material y Métodos: Se utilizaron 68 ratas albinas machos, con pesos medios de 250 g, se empleó el Método de Lipschitz, donde se registró el volumen de orina por hora y total a la sexta hora. Los grupos experimentales fueron: Control (suero fisiológico al 0.9%, chuchuhuasi 1 (250mg/kg, chuchuhuasi 2 (500mg/kg, chuchuhuasi 3 (750mg/kg, hojas de chuchuhuasi 4 (1000mg/kg, furosemida 1 (10mg/kg y furosemida 2 (20mg/kg. Para la validación estadística se usó la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk, Tukey y Dunns. Resultados: El mayor volumen total obtenido durante las primeras 24 horas fue de 5,17ml para chuchuhuasi de 1000 mg/kg, llegando a tener inclusive mayor valor que la furosemida de 20 mg/kg. Por otro lado el grupo de chuchuhuasi de 250 mg/kg (2.32 obtuvo  menor acción diurética que el grupo control (2.55 ml. El test de Tukey no indicó diferencias significativas. Sin embargo, en el análisis bioquímico el test de Xi cuadrado tuvo un p< 0.05 para el PH. Conclusión: Se demuestra una respuesta diurética positiva en todos los niveles de dosis ensayadas del extracto etanólico de Maytenus macrocarpa: 250, 500, 750 y un mayor efecto 1000 mg/kg de peso, al compararlos con el grupo control y la Furosemida. Palabras Clave: Diuresis, Furosemida, Medicina Tradicional, Etnofarmacología.

  17. Efectos del ejercicio aeróbico interválico, combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza y de la restricción calórica, sobre la composición corporal de ratas obesas

    OpenAIRE

    I. Coll-Risco; D. Camiletti-Moirón; D.J. Tirado; E. Nebot; A. Andrade; R. Martínez; G. Kapravelou; J.M. Porres; P. Aranda; V.A. Aparicio

    2017-01-01

    Objetivo: Investigar los efectos de un programa de ejercicio aeróbico interválico, combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza, y de la restricción calórica, sobre el peso y la composición corporal de ratas genéticamente obesas. Método: Un total de 32 ratas genéticamente obesas fueron divididas aleatoriamente en dos grupos (n = 16) con o sin ejercicio aeróbico interválico combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza. A su vez, cada grupo, con o sin ejercicio aeróbico interválico combinado con entrenami...

  18. Efectos del ejercicio aeróbico interválico, combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza y de la restricción calórica, sobre la composición corporal de ratas obesas

    OpenAIRE

    Coll-Risco, I.; Camiletti-Moirón, D.; Tirado, D.J.; Nebot, E.; Andrade, A.; Martínez, R.; Kapravelou, G.; Porres, J.M.; Aranda, P.; Aparicio, V.A.

    2017-01-01

    Resumen Objetivo: Investigar los efectos de un programa de ejercicio aeróbico interválico, combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza, y de la restricción calórica, sobre el peso y la composición corporal de ratas genéticamente obesas. Método: Un total de 32 ratas genéticamente obesas fueron divididas aleatoriamente en dos grupos (n = 16) con o sin ejercicio aeróbico interválico combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza. A su vez, cada grupo, con o sin ejercicio aeróbico interválico combinado con en...

  19. Níveis distintos de Hsp72 no miocárdio de ratas em resposta aos exercícios voluntário e forçado Niveles distintos de Hsp72 en el miocardio de ratas en respuesta a los ejercicios voluntario y forzado Different levels of Hsp72 in female rat myocardium in response to voluntary exercise and forced exercise

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stéphano Freitas Soares Melo

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: O exercício físico promove estresse hemodinâmico. OBJETIVO: Testar se programas de treinamento com corridas voluntária e forçada induzem níveis distintos de expressão de Hsp72 no miocárdio de ratas Wistar. MÉTODOS: Ratas Wistar foram alocadas em três grupos (n = 6, cada: treinadas com corrida voluntária (TCV, treinadas com corrida forçada (TCF e grupo controle (C. Os animais do TCV tiveram livre acesso à roda de corrida voluntária, enquanto os do TCF foram submetidos à corrida forçada em esteira (18 m/min, 0% inclinação, 60 m/min, 5 dias/sem durante oito semanas. Fragmentos dos ventrículos esquerdo (VE e direito (VD foram coletados para análise dos níveis de Hsp72. RESULTADOS: As ratas do grupo TCV correram, em média, 4,87 km, e as do TCF, 4,88 km por semana. Os animais dos grupos TCV e TCF ganharam menos peso (p 0,05 entre os grupos TCV, TCF e C (4,54 ± 0,79 mg/g vs 4,94 ± 0,89 mg/g vs 4,34 ± 0,87 mg/g, respectivamente. Ratas treinadas com corrida forçada apresentaram níveis de Hsp72 maiores (p FUNDAMENTO: El ejercicio físico promueve estrés hemodinámico. OBJETIVO: Probar si programas de entrenamiento con carreras voluntaria y forzada inducen niveles distintos de expresión de Hsp72 en el miocardio de ratas hembra Wistar. MÉTODOS: Ratas hembra Wistar fueron distribuidas en tres grupos (n = 6, cada uno: entrenadas con carrera voluntaria (ECV, entrenadas con carrera forzada (ECF y grupo control (C. Los animales del ECV tuvieron libre acceso a la rueda de carrera voluntaria, mientras que los del ECF fueron sometidos a carrera forzada en cinta sin fin (18 m/min, 0% inclinación, 60 m/min, 5 días/sem durante ocho semanas. Fragmentos de los ventrículos izquierdo (VI y derecho (VD se recolectaron para análisis de los niveles de Hsp72. RESULTADOS: Las ratas del grupo ECV corrieron, en promedio 4,87 km, y las del ECF, 4,88 km por semana. Los animales de los grupos ECV y ECF ganaron menos peso (p0,05 entre

  20. Induction of experimental mammary carcinogenesis in rats with 7,12-dimethylbenz(aanthracene Indução da carcinogênese mamária experimental em ratas com 7,12-dimetilbenz(aantraceno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfredo Carlos S. D. Barros

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: To test an experimental model of chemical mammary carcinogenesis induction in rats. METHODS: Twenty young virgin Sprague-Dawley female rats, aged 47 days, received 20 mg of 7,12-dimethylbenz(aanthracene (DMBA intragastrically by gavage. Afterwards, at 8 and 13 weeks, their mammary glands were examined. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and the mammary tumors were measured and weighed. Tumor fragments were analyzed using light microscopy. RESULTS: Eight weeks after DMBA injection, 16 rats presented at least 1 breast tumor (80%. After 13 weeks, all of them (100% developed breast carcinomas that were confirmed by histopathological analysis. CONCLUSION: This experimental animal model of chemical mammary induced carcinogenesis is feasible and can be used in further experiments on the role of tumorigenic biomodulator substances.OBJETIVO: Testar um modelo experimental de indução química de carcinogênese mamária em ratas. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Com 47 dias de vida, 20 ratas Sprague-Dawley, jovens e virgens, receberam por gavagem intragástrica 20 mg de 7,12-dimetilbenz(aantraceno (DMBA. Oito e 13 semanas depois da injeção de droga as mamas das ratas foram examinadas. Ao final os animais foram sacrificados e fragmentos dos tumores foram estudados ao microscópio. RESULTADO: Oito semanas depois da injeção de DMBA 16 ratas apresentavam tumor nas mamas (80%. Com 13 semanas todas desenvolveram carcinomas de mama (100%, que foram confirmados por análise histopatológica. CONCLUSÃO: Este modelo experimental de indução química de carcinogênese mamária é factível e pode ser empregado em futuras pesquisas para avaliar o papel de substâncias biomoduladoras da tumorigênese.

  1. Efecto terapéutico del extracto etanólico de Erythroxylum coca spp. en anemia ferropénica inducida en ratas Holtzman macho

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Evelyn F. Gonzales-Carazas

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: La hoja de coca ha sido usada tradicionalmente con fines medicinales y contiene altos niveles de hierro. Objetivos: Determinar el efecto del extracto etanólico de Erythroxylum coca spp. frente a anemia ferropénica inducida por dieta deficiente en hierro, en ratas Holtzman macho. Diseño: Experimental. Lugar: Laboratorio del Instituto de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Material biológico: Dieciocho ratas Holtzman macho de 16 días de edad recién destetadas. Intervenciones: Se formó tres grupos de seis ratas cada uno: a grupo hierro suficiente (HS, recibió 25 g/d de alimento balanceado durante 7 semanas; b grupo hierro deficiente (HD, recibió 25 g/d de dieta ferropénica durante 7 semanas; y, c el grupo hierro deficiente - extracto E. coca (HD-EC, recibió 25 g/d de dieta ferropénica durante 7 semanas y a partir de la semana 5 se agregó 18 g/d de extracto de E. coca. Principales medidas de resultados: Nivel sérico de hemoglobina, peso y talla. Resultados: Al finalizar el tratamiento, se observó aumento significativo de la hemoglobina en el grupo HD-EC (p=0,04. Se encontró diferencia significativa en los niveles séricos de hemoglobina entre los grupos HD-EC y HD (p=0,0062. No se encontró diferencia significativa en los valores de hemoglobina entre los grupos HD-EC y HS (p= 0,06. No se evidenció diferencia en el peso y la talla entre los grupos HD y HD-EC (p=0,20 y p=0,23, respectivamente. Conclusiones: E. coca presenta efecto antianémico experimental, sustentado en los resultados de los niveles de hemoglobina.

  2. Efectos del extracto de semillas de uva sobre la cistopatia diabética inducida por estreptozotocina en ratas

    OpenAIRE

    María Lourdes Arruzazabala; Yazmín Ravelo; Daisy Carbajal; Vivian Molina; Rosa Mas

    2010-01-01

    La diabetes por estreptozotocina (STZ) en ratas se produce como consecuencia de la necrosis subtotal de los islotes pancreáticos y provoca hiperglicemia, hipoinsulinemia, disminución de la ganancia en peso y aumento del peso de la vejiga, así como hipercontractilidad al carbacol por sobreexpresión de los ARNm-receptores muscarínicos M2 y M3 del detrusor y el urotelio. El extracto de semillas de uva (ESU), rico en flavonoides, ha mostrado efectos antioxidantes y neuroprotectores en modelos exp...

  3. Između progona i prešutne marginalizacije, ili iz povijesti stradanja Roma u nekim srednjoeuropskim državama za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata (Mađarska, Hrvatska, Čehoslovačka, Poljska)

    OpenAIRE

    Vojak, Danijel

    2016-01-01

    Većina europskih zemalja prije samog početka Drugoga svjetskog rata nije započela s nasilnijim pokušajima asimilacije, kakav je već bio u tijeku u nacističkoj Njemačkoj. Izbijanjem Drugoga svjetskog rata i širenjem nacističkog utjecaja na mnoge europske zemlje, bilo izravno kao okupirane, ili posredno kao države – saveznice, započeli su se provoditi neki dijelovi nacističkog anticiganističkog modela odnosa prema Romima. Analizom u ovom radu biti će obuhvaćen odnos srednjoeuropskih vlasti, pop...

  4. COMPARACIÓN DE LA RESPUESTA ANTIHIPERTENSIVA AGUDA DE TELMISARTÁN E IRBESARTÁN EN RATAS ESPONTÁNEAMENTE HIPERTENSAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Matias Lucero

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: El telmisartán y el irbesartán, dos de los principales antagonistas del receptor AT1 disponibles para el control de enfermedades cardiovasculares, difieren en sus propiedades farmacológicas, incluyendo el tiempo de disociación desde el receptor AT1 y la capacidad de activar otros receptores, con potencial impacto en su eficacia clínica relativa. Objetivo: Comparar la respuesta cardiovascular aguda de la administración de una dosis única de irbesartán o de telmisartán en ratas espontáneamente hipertensas. Material y métodos: Se utilizaron 24 ratas espontáneamente hipertensas macho de 250-275 g, a las que se les canuló la arteria carótida y la vena femoral para la medición directa de la presión arterial media (PAM y la administración de irbesartán 3-6 mg/kg o de telmisartán 0,5-1 mg/kg. Se estimó el cambio en la PAM, la frecuencia cardíaca y la variabilidad de la presión arterial a corto plazo y latido-a-latido. Resultados: Aunque ambos antagonistas redujeron la PAM, el telmisartán indujo una respuesta antihipertensiva más prolongada que el irbesartán, evidenciada por mayor reducción de la PAM luego de 180 minutos (-33,3% ± 4,1% vs. -16,3% ± 4%; p < 0,05. El telmisartán y el irbesartán atenuaron de manera prolongada la variabilidad de la presión arterial a corto plazo, sin diferencias entre ambos grupos experimentales. En el nivel de dosis más bajo, el telmisartán disminuyó en mayor medida la frecuencia cardíaca y la variabilidad latido-a-latido en los diferentes dominios de frecuencia en comparación con el irbesartán. Conclusiones: En ratas espontáneamente hipertensas, la administración de telmisartán induce un efecto antihipertensivo más prolongado y una respuesta bradicardizante mayor que el irbesartán. El análisis espectral de la variabilidad latido-a-latido sugiere que el telmisartán, en la dosis más baja, atenúa en mayor medida la actividad simpática vascular en comparación con

  5. Efecto del extracto acuoso de maca sobre la función cognitiva en ratas recién destetadas

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    Raquel Oré

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: La maca, Lepidium meyenii walp, es una planta que crece en las alturas de los andes peruanos; es usada como alimento, por su valor nutricional y sus propiedades etnomedicinales, unidos a la fertilidad y vitalidad. En la actualidad, se ha incrementado el interés público en los polifenoles, que tendrían efecto inhibitorio sobre la actividad acetilcolinesterasa y butirilcolinesterasas, y de esta manera se mejoraría las funciones cognitivas, aunque los mecanismos aún no han sido dilucidados. Por esta razón, se ha propuesto que la maca es un adaptógeno, que aumenta la energía, resistencia y reduce el estrés. Objetivos: Demostrar y evaluar el efecto energizante de la maca amarilla sobre la memoria y el aprendizaje por medio de pruebas bioquímicas, en un modelo animal de ratas destetadas. Diseño: Estudio experimental. Institución: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Ratas recién destetadas y extracto acuoso de maca amarillo. Intervenciones: A ratas recién destetadas se les administró extracto acuoso de maca amarillo (0,4 mg, 0,8 mg y 1,2 mg/g de peso, durante 15 días, y luego se les sometió a la prueba de aprendizaje espacial acuática de Morris. También, se tomó muestras de cerebro para determinaciones bioquímicas. Principales medidas de resultados: Mejoría del aprendizaje y la memoria. Resultados: Se encontró inhibición de la butirilcolinesterasa, cuando se administró dosis crecientes de maca, excepto el grupo que recibió 0,8 mg/g. Los niveles de lipoperoxidación en el cerebro (daño oxidativo disminuyeron al incrementar la dosis de maca; así mismo, los tiempos (s en hallar la plataforma en la prueba de Morris disminuyeron al incrementar la dosis de maca amarilla. La concentración de glutatión en el cerebro se incrementó con la administración de maca, pero sin ser significativo. Conclusiones

  6. Efecto de los extractos acuoso e hidroetanólico de hojas de Bixa orellana (achiote sobre los indicadores no enzimáticos de la hepatotoxicidad por paracetamol, en ratas

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    Oscar Huamán

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Determinar el efecto de los extractos acuoso e hidroetanólico de las hojas de Bixa orellana sobre los indicadores no enzimáticos de hepatotoxicidad, en ratas sometidas a paracetamol. Diseño: Experimental. Institución: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Ratas machos de 3 meses de edad. Intervenciones: Se distribuyó aleatoriamente 35 ratas machos de 3 meses de edad en 5 grupos, que recibieron vía peroral por 10 días: NaCl 0,9% los controles positivo y negativo, silimarina 300 mg/kg, extracto acuoso 500 mg/kg y extracto hidroetanólico 500 mg/kg. Previo ayuno de 24 horas, al quinto día se administró paracetamol (400 mg/kg peroral, excepto al control negativo. Bajo anestesia con éter, se realizó punción cardiaca para extraer sangre. Principales medidas de resultados: Ratio hepático (peso hígado/peso animal x 100, bilirrubina total (BT, directa (BD e indirecta (BI, hepatomegalia, especies reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS en hígado y suero. Resultados: El tratamiento con extracto acuoso solo disminuyó los indicadores BT y BI (p<0,01, TBARS en suero (p<0,05 y hubo disminución de la masa hepática de -13,2% (p<0,01. En el grupo que recibió el extracto hidroetanólico se redujo la BT, BI (p<0,01, BD (p<0,05, TBARS en hígado (p<0,01 y la masa hepática -9,37%. Conclusiones: Los extractos acuoso e hidroetanólico de hojas de Bixa orellana (achiote presentarían efecto hepatoprotector frente al paracetamol a dosis tóxica, en ratas.

  7. Actividad antiinflamatoria local de Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae) en el edema inducido por carragenina en ratas

    OpenAIRE

    Chiclana, Carlos F.; Enrique, Andrea; Consolini, Alicia E.

    2009-01-01

    La malva (Malva sylvestris L., Malvaceae) es una planta medicinal ampliamente utilizada en aplicación tópica como demulcente, cicatrizante, anti-hemorroidal, para mucosas o piel. Sin embargo su actividad antiinflamatoria tópica no ha sido reportada en ensayos preclínicos ni clínicos. En este trabajo se estudió el efecto inhibidor del edema inducido por carragenina en ratas de una crema con extracto de malva al 5, 10 y 20%. Se obtuvo una inhibición significativa del edema con la crema de malva...

  8. Estereología Comparativa entre el Bazo del Cuye (Cavia porcellus) y la Rata (Rattus novergicus, Sprague Dawley)

    OpenAIRE

    Furrianca, María Cristina; Vásquez, Bélgica; del Sol, Mariano

    2008-01-01

    El bazo es el órgano linfático periférico más grande del organismo y conocer sus aspectos morfológicos cuantitativos es importante para determinar posibles patologías. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar en dos especies: cuye (Cavia porcellus) y rata (Rattus novergicus Sprague Dawley), las características estereológicas del bazo, para obtener patrones de normalidad cuantitativos, los que servirán de base para futuros estudios morfofuncionales. Se utilizaron 5 bazos de cada especie, clínica...

  9. Efectos de la hipoxia crónica sobre el desarrollo y reproducción de la rata

    OpenAIRE

    Altland, Paul D.

    2014-01-01

    En ratas expuestas diariamente, durante cuatro horas, a alturas simuladas de 25,000 pies, el crecimiento fué lento, la pubertad se retrasó y el lapso de vida se redujo en 50%. Exposiciones diarias a 25,000 pies, producen severa lesión del testículo, lo cual no mejora con la aclimatación. La reproducción estaba completamente inhibida en ambos sexos. A 18,000 pies la reproducción se produce con reducida eficiencia. El tamaño reducido de las crías fué relacionado con un número disminuido de impl...

  10. EFECTO PROTECTOR DE PEUMUS BOLDUS EN RATAS CON TOXICIDAD HEPÁTICA INDUCIDA POR PARACETAMOL

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    Christiam Ochoa

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Comprobar el efecto protector hepático del extracto acuoso de boldo (EAB (Peumus boldus al daño hepático inducido por acetaminofén (paracetamol. Diseño: Analítico, experimental, aleatorizado, completo – experimento verdadero. Realizado en el Instituto de Patología de la Facultad de Medicina de UNMSM. Material y método. 30 Ratas Holtzman macho de 250g y dos meses se dividieron en 5 grupos aleatoriamente, grupo blanco, control paracetamol 200mg/kg y 3 experimentales tratados con EAB a 80 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg y 160 mg/kg respectivamente. Se administró EAB de 80 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg y 160 mg/kg vía orogástrica. Luego de media hora se administró paracetamol 200mg/kg i.p. a los grupos control y experimentales. Este procedimiento se repitió por 5 días. Se tomó pruebas de transaminasas (TGP basal y final en sangre. Se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para analizar la data y un p<0.05 fue considerado significante. Se estudió la anatomopatología de los hígados y se tomaron muestras de tejido teñidas con HE. Resultados: Existe diferencia significativa en los niveles de transaminasas (TGP entre grupos (p<0.05. El control obtuvo 196.6 U/L +- 38.1 (TGP mientras que los experimentales como máximo 55.6 U/l. Las muestras control evidencian signos de lesión hepática, degeneración grasa, congestión sinusoidal y centrolobulillar, y necrosis celular. Sin embargo los grupos experimentales no presentan signos de lesión celular y hay ausencia de inflamación. Conclusiones: El boldo tiene un efecto protector hepático al daño inducido por paracetamol en ratas Holtzmann.

  11. City, marginalization, and violence in José B. Adolph's Mañana, las ratas. Between realism and science-fiction

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    Rodja Bernardoni

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper aims to investigate the novel Mañana, las ratas by the peruvian-german author  José Bernardo Adolph. Our intention is to analyze the book to point out how through cience-fiction, a literary genre usually considered as marginal, Adolph succeed in creating a text that, by representig the exclusionist dynamics and the conflicts between center and margin of peruvian urban society  of the 70’s, unmask the true nature of Power and of its stategies.

  12. Endometriose: modelo experimental em ratas Endometriosis: experimental model in rats

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    Eduardo Schor

    1999-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: divulgar a metodologia da indução de endometriose experimental em animais de laboratório. Método: utilizamos ratas albinas, virgens, adultas de aproximadamente três meses de idade, que foram inicialmente anestesiadas pelo éter etílico. Aberta a cavidade abdominal, identificamos os cornos uterinos e retiramos um fragmento de aproximadamente 4 cm do corno uterino direito. Esse fragmento foi mergulhado em solução fisiológica e sob lupa estereoscópica foi separado o endométrio do miométrio e feitos retângulos de aproximadamente 4 por 5 mm. Esses foram fixados por meio de fio de sutura, sobre vasos sangüíneos visíveis a olho nu, na parede lateral do abdômen, tomando-se sempre o cuidado de manter a porção do endométrio livre voltada para a luz da cavidade abdominal. Após 21 dias os animais foram novamente operados para verificarmos o tamanho dos implantes e para retirada do endométrio ectópico para análise histológica. Resultados: macroscopicamente observamos crescimento significativo dos implantes endometriais. Ao exame microscópico pudemos observar a presença de epitélio glandular e estroma semelhantes ao do endométrio tópico. Conclusões: o modelo utilizado reproduz a doença, em ratas, sendo método auxiliar de valia para estudar esta afecção, principalmente a ação de medicamentos sobre esses implantes.Purpose: to demonstrate the experimental endometriosis induction in animals. Method: we used adult female Wistar rats weighing 200 - 250 g anesthetized with ethyl ether to open the abdominal cavity. After identifying the uterine horns, we removed an approximately 4 cm fragment from the right uterine horn. This fragment was placed in physiological saline and, with the aid of a stereoscopic magnifying glass, the endometrium was separated from the myometrium and cut into rectangles of approximately 4 x 5 mm. These rectangles were fastened to the lateral abdominal wall near great blood vessels, taking care

  13. LA DENSIDAD ÓPTICA APLICADA AL ESTUDIO LECTINHISTOQUÍMICO DE RADICALES GLUCÍDICOS NÉFRICOS EN RATAS DIABÉTICAS TIPO 2

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    Ana V Frontini

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza, mediante densidad óptica (DO, residuos glucídicos en glomérulos y túbulos contorneados proximales, superficiales y yuxtamedulares, de dos líneas de ratas diabéticas: eSS y eSMT al año de edad. 10 ratas macho eSS, 12, eSMT y 10, Wistar (controles fueron estudiadas con distintas lectinas (PNA, RCA, Con-A, DBA, SBA, WGA y UEA-I. La densidad óptica (DO fue determinada mediante el Programa Image-pro Plus versión 1.1, estableciéndose rangos para la evaluación de la reacción cromogénica (> 200 = 0 (negativa; entre 150 y 200 = 1-2 (débil o moderada positividad, y < 150 = 3 (fuerte positividad. Los principales resultados diferenciales fueron registrados: (a en los glomérulos superficiales: WGA: eSMT (DO=3 versus eSS y Wistar (DO = 1-2, y UEA-I y Con-A: Wistar (DO= 3 versus líneas diabéticas (DO =1-2; (b en los glomérulos yuxtamedulares: WGA: Wistar y eSMT (DO = 3 versus eSS (DO= 1-2, UEA-I: líneas diabéticas (DO= 3 versus Wistar (DO=1-2, y Con-A: Wistar (DO =3 versus líneas diabéticas (DO = 1-2, y (c en las células de los túbulos proximales yuxtamedulares: WGA y Con-A: líneas diabéticas (DO=1-2 versus Wistar (DO= 3, y UEA-I: eSS (DO=3 versus eSMT y Wistar (DO=1-2. Las diferencias entre ratas diabéticas y controles podrían atribuirse a su dismetabolismo, y las de las líneas diabéticas entre sí, a sus distintos orígenes. Asimismo, podrían señalar alteraciones en la filtración y en procesos tubulares intracelulares, coincidiendo con trabajos previos acerca de una nefropatía en evolución a esta edad en eSS y eSMT.

  14. Effects of ligature-induced periodontitis in pregnant Wistar rats Efeito da doença periodontal induzida por ligadura na prenhez de ratas Wistar

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    Mariane Ponzio de Azevedo Galvão

    2003-03-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ligature-induced periodontal disease in pregnant rats on their newborn's health parameters. Twenty-four female adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the control group (G1 and the group that was submitted to dental ligatures around second upper molars (G2. After the four week period of development of periodontitis, the female animals were mated with male adult Wistar rats. There were no differences in the body weight of females between the two groups during mating and pregnancy. No differences were observed among the groups in relation to the viable newborn index. However, there were differences in newborn birth weight, explained by the diverse size of the litters. In this study, ligature-induced periodontal disease did not promote changes during pregnancy that resulted in low birth weight in newborn Wistar rats.O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência da periodontite induzida por ligadura em ratas prenhes sobre parâmetros de saúde geral de seus filhotes. Vinte e quatro ratas Wistar de idade adulta foram divididas em dois grupos: grupo controle (G1 e grupo experimental, que recebeu ligaduras ao redor dos segundos molares superiores (G2. Após o período de indução de periodontite (quatro semanas, as ratas foram colocadas para cruzamento com ratos Wistar machos, adultos. Não houve diferença no peso corporal das fêmeas durante os períodos de cruzamento e prenhez. Também não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos quanto à taxa de recém-nascidos viáveis. No entanto, houve diferença quanto ao peso dos recém-nascidos, sendo tal diferença explicada pela variação no tamanho das ninhadas. No presente estudo, doença periodontal induzida por ligadura não promoveu mudanças durante a prenhez que resultassem em baixo peso ao nascer dos filhotes Wistar.

  15. Efectos en ratas de los alcoholes de cera de abejas (D-002 sobre la colitis ulcerativa inducida por sulfato de dextrano y etanol

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    Vivian Molina-Cuevas

    Full Text Available Objetivos. Investigar los efectos del D-002, mezcla de seis alcoholes alifáticos primarios de alto peso molecular, obtenida de la cera de abejas (Apis mellifera, sobre la colitis ulcerativa (CU inflamatoria severa inducida por sulfato de dextrano (DSS y etanol en ratas (Ratus ratus. Materiales y métodos. Las ratas se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en seis grupos: un control cero al que no se provocó daño, y cinco a los que se les indujo la CU: un control negativo (vehículo, tres tratados con D-002 (25, 100 y 400 mg/kg y un control positivo con sulfazalacina (200 mg/kg (sustancia de referencia. Se cuantificaron las manifestaciones clínicas (variación del peso corporal, presencia de diarrea y de sangrado rectal, el puntaje de daño macroscópico e histológico, y la actividad de mieoloperoxidasa (MPO. Resultados. El tratamiento oral con D-002 (25, 100 y 400 mg/kg previno significativamente la disminución del peso corporal. La dosis de 400 mg/kg redujo la presencia de diarreas y sangrado rectal, aunque su comparación con el control negativo solo alcanzó significación estadística sobre las diarreas. El D-002 (25, 100 y 400 mg/kg redujo significativamente el puntaje de las lesiones macroscópicas (40,0; 43,3 y 47,2% de inhibición, respectivamente, el puntaje de daño histológico (31,5; 53,7 y 67,1% de inhibición, respectivamente y la actividad de MPO (73,2; 83,6 y 85,0% de inhibición, respectivamente, comparado con el grupo control negativo. La sulfazalacina redujo significativamente todas las variables estudiadas. Conclusiones. El D-002 (25, 100 y 400 mg/kg protegió significativamente la mucosa colónica en ratas con CU inflamatoria severa inducida por DSS y etanol.

  16. Efectos en ratas de los alcoholes de cera de abejas (D-002 sobre la colitis ulcerativa inducida por sulfato de dextrano y etanol

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    Vivian Molina-Cuevas

    Full Text Available RESUMEN Objetivos. Investigar los efectos del D-002, mezcla de seis alcoholes alifáticos primarios de alto peso molecular, obtenida de la cera de abejas (Apis mellifera, sobre la colitis ulcerativa (CU inflamatoria severa inducida por sulfato de dextrano (DSS y etanol en ratas (Ratus ratus. Materiales y métodos. Las ratas se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en seis grupos: un control cero al que no se provocó daño, y cinco a los que se les indujo la CU: un control negativo (vehículo, tres tratados con D-002 (25, 100 y 400 mg/kg y un control positivo con sulfazalacina (200 mg/kg (sustancia de referencia. Se cuantificaron las manifestaciones clínicas (variación del peso corporal, presencia de diarrea y de sangrado rectal, el puntaje de daño macroscópico e histológico, y la actividad de mieoloperoxidasa (MPO. Resultados. El tratamiento oral con D-002 (25, 100 y 400 mg/kg previno significativamente la disminución del peso corporal. La dosis de 400 mg/kg redujo la presencia de diarreas y sangrado rectal, aunque su comparación con el control negativo solo alcanzó significación estadística sobre las diarreas. El D-002 (25, 100 y 400 mg/kg redujo significativamente el puntaje de las lesiones macroscópicas (40,0; 43,3 y 47,2% de inhibición, respectivamente, el puntaje de daño histológico (31,5; 53,7 y 67,1% de inhibición, respectivamente y la actividad de MPO (73,2; 83,6 y 85,0% de inhibición, respectivamente, comparado con el grupo control negativo. La sulfazalacina redujo significativamente todas las variables estudiadas. Conclusiones. El D-002 (25, 100 y 400 mg/kg protegió significativamente la mucosa colónica en ratas con CU inflamatoria severa inducida por DSS y etanol.

  17. Crescimento e parâmetros reprodutivos de ratas Wistar, em restrição alimentar desde o nascimento = Growth and reproductive parameters of female Wistar rats under food restriction since birth

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    Camila Montoro Mazeti

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o desenvolvimento de ratas Wistar, submetidas à restrição alimentar desde o nascimento, investigando algumas alterações quantitativas e funcionais resultantes desta deficiência. A restrição alimentar foi imposta por duplicação do tamanho da ninhada experimental (grupo-restrição, 12 filhotes em relação à ninhada-controle (grupo-controle, seis filhotes durante a lactação, e por redução de 50% no alimento ofertado desde o desmame até os 90 dias de idade. As ratas do grupo-restrição, comparadas às do grupo-controle, apresentaram crescimento ponderal e linear inferior, menor peso de órgãos e depósitos abdominais de gordura pouco desenvolvidos e retardo na idade da abertura vaginal. Por outro lado, seu crescimento prosseguiu por todo o período de 90 dias. Após o cruzamento, as ratas do grupo-controletiveram ninhadas numerosas, enquanto nenhuma das ratas do grupo-restrição emprenhou. Concluiu-se que a restrição alimentar, durante e após a lactação, interferiu negativamente no desenvolvimento corporal das ratas, retardou o início da puberdade, indicado pela idadeda abertura vaginal, comprometeu o crescimento dos órgãos internos e a deposição de gordura, e impediu a concepção.This work had the purpose of characterizing the development of female Wistar rats subjected to food restriction since birth, investigatingsome quantitative and functional changes resulting from this deficiency. Food restriction was imposed through duplication of the litter size (restriction group, 12 pups relative to the control litter (control group, six pups during lactation, and through reduction in 50% of the food supplied from weaning to 90 days of age. The female rats of the restriction group, when compared to the controls, had smaller linear and ponderal growth, lower organweight and poorly developed abdominal fat deposits, and delayed vaginal opening. On the other hand, their growth

  18. Efeito da tibolona sobre o endométrio de ratas castradas Effect of tibolone on endometrium of castrated rats

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    José Augusto Soares Pantaleão

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar o efeito do uso prolongado de alta dose de tibolona na morfologia do endométrio em ratas castradas. MÉTODOS: foram utilizadas 15 ratas Wistar, fêmeas, com idade de oito semanas e peso médio de 250 g. Todas as ratas foram submetidas à ooforectomia bilateral e 30 dias depois foi coletada citologia vaginal, verificando-se o status de menopausa. As ratas foram divididas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: o tratado (n=9 recebeu via oral 1 mg tibolona/dia; o controle (n=6 recebeu apenas solução do veículo carboximetilcelulose. Após 20 semanas de tratamento, todos os animais foram sedados e sacrificados por deslocamento cervical. Os úteros foram retirados e fixados em formol 10% tamponado. Ambos os cornos uterinos foram clivados em três regiões (proximal, medial, distal e processados para inclusão em parafina. Cortes histológicos corados com hematoxilina-eosina foram submetidos à análise morfológica e morfométrica. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: espessura do epitélio superficial endometrial, espessura do estroma endometrial, área endometrial, número absoluto de glândulas endometriais e número de glândulas/área endometrial. Os dados obtidos foram comparados mediante o teste t de Student. RESULTADOS: no Grupo Tibolona os úteros se apresentaram bem desenvolvidos e houve aumento significativo (pPURPOSE: to evaluate the effect of long-term use of a high dose of tibolone on the morphology of the endometrium of castrated female rats. METHODS: fifteen female Wistar rats, aged eight weeks and weighting about 250 g were used. All the female rats were submitted to bilateral oophorectomy and 30 days afterwards, vaginal cytology was collected, to verify the menopause status. The female rats were randomly divided in two groups. The Treatment Group (n=9 received 1 mg of tibolone/day orally; the Control Group (n=6 received a solution of carboxymethylcellulose vehicle. After 20 weeks of treatment, all the animals were

  19. Implicación de la corteza prefrontal de la rata en la ejecución de una tarea de alternancia

    OpenAIRE

    Sañudo Peña, María Clara

    2011-01-01

    El planteamiento del presente trabajo consistió en la utilización de una tarea conductual para cuya correcta ejecución fuese imprescindible la integridad funcional de la corteza prefrontal de la rata, con el fin de estudiar la implicación de los distintos sistemas de neurotransmisores en la funcionalidad de dicho área cortical. Se plantearon los siguientes objetivos: En primer lugar, analizar el efecto que lesiones discretas o la inactivación reversible de diferentes áreas funcionales de la c...

  20. Efecto Protector de Peumus Boldus en ratas con toxicidad hepática inducida por Paracetamol

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    Christiam Ochoa

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Comprobar el efecto protector hepático del extracto acuoso de boldo (EAB (Peumus boldus al daño hepático inducido por acetaminofén (paracetamol. Diseño: Analítico, experimental, aleatorizado, completo ¿ experimento verdadero. Realizado en el Instituto de Patología de la Facultad de Medicina de UNMSM. Material y método. 30 Ratas Holtzman macho de 250g y dos meses se dividieron en 5 grupos aleatoriamente, grupo blanco, control paracetamol 200mg/kg y 3 experimentales tratados con EAB a 80 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg y 160 mg/kg respectivamente. Se administró EAB de 80 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg y 160 mg/kg vía orogástrica. Luego de media hora se administró paracetamol 200mg/kg i.p. a los grupos control y experimentales. Este procedimiento se repitió por 5 días. Se tomó pruebas de transaminasas (TGP basal y final en sangre. Se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para analizar la data y un p<0.05 fue considerado significante. Se estudió la anatomopatología de los hígados y se tomaron muestras de tejido teñidas con HE. Resultados: Existe diferencia significativa en los niveles de transaminasas (TGP entre grupos (p<0.05. El control obtuvo 196.6 U/L +- 38.1 (TGP mientras que los experimentales como máximo 55.6 U/l. Las muestras control evidencian signos de lesión hepática, degeneración grasa, congestión sinusoidal y centrolobulillar, y necrosis celular. Sin embargo los grupos experimentales no presentan signos de lesión celular y hay ausencia de inflamación. Conclusiones: El boldo tiene un efecto protector hepático al daño inducido por paracetamol en ratas Holtzmann.

  1. Estudio de toxicidad por dosis única y tolerancia local de una vacuna antimeningocócica tipo B en ratas Sprague Dawley

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan F. Núñez

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available La vacuna antimeningocócica tipo B, objetivo de este estudio, contiene vesículas purificadas de la membrana externa del meningococo del serogrupo B de la cepa (Cu- 385 - 83 B:4:P1.19,15. El esquema de vacunación propuesto en humanos consiste en tres dosis de 0,5 mL, separadas por un intervalo óptimo de ocho semanas. El objetivo de este estudio de toxicidad en ratas Sprague Dawley (SD fue determinar la toxicidad potencial, letalidad, órganos, sistemas susceptibles y otros eventos adversos, así como la toxicidad en el sitio de inoculación después de la administración de una dosis de la vacuna en estudio. Los resultados indicaron que, bajo las condiciones del estudio y según los criterios establecidos para evaluar los resultados, la vacuna antimeningocócica tipo B, no produce efectos tóxicos en el modelo animal usado. Todo lo que se observó fueron formaciones granulomatosas a nivel del punto de inoculación. Estas formaciones han sido reportadas como pertenecientes a los adyuvantes de depósito, como el hidróxido de aluminio, usado en otras vacunas parenterales. Se concluye que la vacuna antimeningocócica tipo B resultó satisfactoria en las pruebas de toxicidad por dosisúnica y tolerancia local realizadas en la especie rata.

  2. NUTRIÇÃO MATERNA: EFEITOS DA PROTEÍNA DE PESCADO DE ÁGUA DOCE (Serrasalmus nattereri NA COMPOSIÇÃO DA CARCAÇA DE RATAS GESTANTES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ely Carvalho Vasconcellos MOURA

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available

    RESUMO: Estudamos os efeitos da proteína de pescado (Serrasalmus nattereri (piranha de água doce, como única fonte protéica, em nível de 18% nas rações, sobre os níveis de lipídios e de nitrogênio e a retenção do nitrogênio pela carcaça de ratas gestantes. Foram utilizadas ratas virgens “Wistar”, divididas após o acasalamento, nos grupos: Gestante Controle Cesárea (Gces (Caseína e Gestante Pescado Cesárea (Gpces. Dois grupos não gestantes (NGC e NGP foram formados a fim de separarmos os efeitos da gestação. O grupo zero (GO foi sacrificado no 1º dia e aos demais aos 21 dias de experimentação. Pelos resultados concluímos que: a gestação conduziu a uma maior percentagem de gordura na carcaça de GCes e GPces, em relação à NG. Ambas proteínas ensaiadas não conduziram a variações quanto à concentração de nitrogênio nas gestantes. O conteúdo total de nitrogênio foi menor nas gestantes, em relação aos seus pares NG. A mobilização do nitrogênio foi maior na carcaça das gestantes; a gestação propiciou menor retenção na quantidade de nitrogênio, sendo que as proteínas ensaiadas não diferiam entre si. A proteína do pescado propiciou adequada mobilização do nitrogênio com a finalidade de garantir o desenvolvimento fetal. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gestantes; proteína da farinha de pescado; lipídios e nitrogênio em carcaça de ratas; Serrasalmus nattereri; piranha.

  3. CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE EN RATAS DIABÉTICAS ROL DE LA VITAMINA E

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. Oré Valdivieso

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available En el presente estudio se analizó el rol antioxidante de la vitamina E, administrada a ratas diabéticas, evaluando los cambios en la glicemia, hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c, lipoperoxidación, antioxidantes totales, albúmina y proteínas totales. Se trabajó con 4 grupos de animales de experimentación: I Control, II control más vitamina E (25 mg/día, III Diabético inducidos con estreptozotocina (35 mg/kg y IV Diabético más vitamina E. Después de 8 semanas de tratamiento, con insulina 4 U/kg de peso observamos que en animales diabéticos con suplemento vitamínico mejora la glicemia y disminuyen los niveles de HbA1c. En los grupos diabéticos y control que recibieron vitamina E disminuyen los niveles de lipoperoxidación en un 25%, comparados con los que no recibieron el suplemento. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la vitamina E tiende a mejorar la glicemia, disminuir la HbA1c y peroxidación lipídica y aumenta los antioxidantes totales en el grupo diabético.

  4. City, marginalization, and violence in José B. Adolph's Mañana, las ratas. Between realism and science-fiction

    OpenAIRE

    Rodja Bernardoni

    2018-01-01

    This paper aims to investigate the novel Mañana, las ratas by the peruvian-german author  José Bernardo Adolph. Our intention is to analyze the book to point out how through cience-fiction, a literary genre usually considered as marginal, Adolph succeed in creating a text that, by representig the exclusionist dynamics and the conflicts between center and margin of peruvian urban society  of the 70’s, unmask the true nature of Power and of its stategies.

  5. Influência do hipogonadismo na histomorfometria e função tireoidiana de ratas hipotireóideas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Serakides R.

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Foram investigadas a morfologia e a função tireoidiana de ratas Wistar, adultas, castradas e não castradas e mantidas em estado hipotireóideo pela administração diária de propiltiouracil por 120 dias. Ratas eutireóideas castradas e não castradas serviram de controle. As tireóides, colhidas ao final do experimento, foram pesadas, processadas histologicamente e submetidas à análise morfométrica, pela qual foi determinada a proporção dos componentes glandulares (epitélio folicular, colóide e estroma. No plasma sangüíneo, colhido também ao final do período experimental, foram determinadas as concentrações de T3 total, T4 livre e TSH. O peso e a histomorfometria da tireóide não sofreu influência da castração e o aumento do componente epitelial e decréscimo da quantidade de colóide só foram detectados no hipotireoidismo. No estado eutireóideo a deficiência dos esteróides sexuais levou ao aumento dos valores de T4 livre e T3 total e no hipotireoidismo, exacerbou a queda de T3 total, mas não a de T4 livre. Os valores de TSH não se alteraram em nenhum dos estados funcionais da glândula ou das gônadas. Conclui-se que o hipogonadismo não modifica a hiperplasia glandular e a queda dos níveis plasmáticos de tiroxina livre induzidos pelo propiltiouracil, mas altera profundamente o comportamento da triiodotironina total de acordo com o estado funcional da tireóide, tudo sem alterar os valores plasmáticos de TSH.

  6. Extracto etanólico de Baccharis genistelloides (carqueja sobre el cáncer de colon inducido con 1,2-dimetilhidrazina en ratas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hugo Justil

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: Se tiene conocimiento que el extracto etanólico de las hojas de Baccharis genistelloides puede reducir la aparición del cáncer gástrico y es marcador de estrés oxidativo. Objetivos: Determinar la eficacia quimioprotectora del extracto etanólico de las hojas de Baccharis genistelloides (EEBG en el cáncer de colon inducido por 1,2 - dimetilhidracina (DMH en ratas machos. Diseño: Experimental. Institución: Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Carqueja recolectada en Huancayo, Junín, y ratas machos de 145 + 15 g. Intervenciones: Se indujo tumores intestinales con inyección subcutánea semanal de DMH durante 22 semanas, a 20 mg/kg. Se formó seis grupos: Grupo 1 suero fisiológico; Grupo 2 100 mg/kg EEBG; Grupo 3 DMH; Grupo 4 DMH más 100 mg/kg de EEBG; Grupo 5 DMH más 250 mg/kg de EEBG; y, Grupo 6 DMH más 500 mg/kg de EEBG. Finalmente, se extrajo muestra de sangre para determinar el nivel de malondialdehido y óxido nítrico. Principales medidas de resultados: Quimioprotección. Resultados: El estudio histopatológico mostró quimioprotección de los grupos que recibieron tratamiento con EEBG frente al grupo que no recibió tratamiento, presentando mejor quimioprotección a dosis de 500 mg/kg, donde el cáncer fue pobremente diferenciado, presentando adenomas, frente a adenocarcinoma in situ y adenocarcinoma a dosis de 250 mg/kg y 100 mg/kg; el potencial de oxidación de lipoproteínas fue reducido en los grupos que recibieron tratamiento con EEBG frente a los no tratados, mostrando mayor efecto la dosis de 500 mg/kg; los niveles de óxido nítrico también mostraron una mayor disminución a la dosis de 500 mg/kg. Conclusiones: En ratas, el extracto etanólico de Baccharis genistelloides tiene efecto quimioprotector sobre el cáncer de colon inducido con 1,2-dimetilhidracina.

  7. Avaliação do efeito do exercício físico no metabolismo de ratas diabéticas prenhes Evaluación del efecto del ejercicio físico en el metabolismo de ratonas diabéticas preñadas Evaluation of the effect of physical exercise in the metabolism of pregnant diabetic rats

    OpenAIRE

    Gustavo Tadeu Volpato; Débora Cristina Damasceno; Kleber Eduardo de Campos; Renato Rocha; Marilza Vieira Cunha Rudge; Iracema de Mattos Paranhos Calderon

    2006-01-01

    O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a prática do exercício físico (natação), iniciada em diferentes momentos da prenhez de ratas diabéticas, promove alterações no metabolismo materno. Após confirmação do diabete, induzido por Streptozotocin, ratas Wistar foram acasaladas e randomizadas em três grupos (n = 13 ratas/grupo): não-praticante (G1) ou praticante de exercício desde o dia zero (G2) ou sétimo dia (G3) de prenhez. O exercício consistiu de um programa de natação com intensidade mode...

  8. Medida de distensibilidad en pulmones aislados de rata: demostración del efecto de la tensión superficial

    OpenAIRE

    Araya, Romina Elizabeth; De Francesco, Pablo Nicolás; Smaldini, Paola Lorena; Iarossi, M. B.; Lastra, María Laura; Pérez, Pablo Fernando; Rebolledo, Alejandro; Rinaldi, Gustavo

    2016-01-01

    Uno de los TP de nuestra Cátedra consiste en la medición de la distensibilidad de un pulmón aislado de rata. La interfase aire-líquido en la superficie alveolar determina la existencia de tensión superficial (TS) en el líquido, la cual disminuye la distensibilidad pulmonar (DP). Si bien el surfactante pulmonar disminuye la TS, ésta continúa siendo importante. Los métodos para medir la TS de un líquido suelen ser bastante dificultosos (Ej: balanza de torsión de Du Noüy). El objetivo de este...

  9. CONTRIBUCION DEL ESTRES OXIDATIVO A LA POTENCIACION DE LAS RESPUESTAS QUMIOSENSORIALES CAROTIDEAS EN RATAS EXPUESTAS A HIPOXIA INTERMITENTE CRONICA

    OpenAIRE

    DEL RIO TRONCOSO, RODRIGO ANDRE; DEL RIO TRONCOSO, RODRIGO ANDRE

    2011-01-01

    La exposición de humanos y animales a la hipoxia intermitente crónica (CIH) produce hipertensión. La hipertensión inducida por la exposición a CIH ha sido relacionada a la estimulación cíclica de los cuerpos carotídeos. Se ha propuesto que las especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) contribuiría a la potenciación de los quimiorreflejos carotídeos. Sin embargo, per se las ROS no inducen aumentos en la actividad quimiosensorial. Recientemente, se encontró que el cuerpo carotídeo de rata expre...

  10. Toxicidad aguda oral y subcrónica en ratas de un extracto acuoso liofilizado de Ocimum tenuiflorum L

    OpenAIRE

    A Lagarto; J Tillán; V Bueno; I Chávez; I Guerra; Y Vega; O Valdés; T Gabilondo

    2005-01-01

    El potencial tóxico de un extracto acuoso liofilizado fue evaluado mediante el ensayo de toxicidad aguda oral y subcrónica a 90 días en ratas Wistar de ambos sexos. Los métodos empleados fueron los descritos por las normas OECD. En el ensayo agudo se administró por vía oral la dosis de 2000 mg/kg y en el ensayo subcrónico 250, 500 y 1000 mg/kg/día durante 13 semanas. Se evaluaron los signos tóxicos y peso corporal en ambos ensayos. En el estudio subcrónico además se evalu...

  11. Cuantificación del factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina (IGF-1) total en tejidos de rata

    OpenAIRE

    Elizabeth Rico; Myriam Sánchez de Gómez

    1998-01-01

    Se establecieron los contenidos totales de IGF-I en algunos tejidos de rata adulta normal (hígado, riñón, corazón, pulmón, timo, bazo y músculo esquelético) por medio de radioinmunoanálisis (RIA) específico. La efectividad de la extracción ácido-etanólica (AE), corrientemente empleada para eliminar la interferencia de las proteínas de unión del IGF-I (IGFBPs) en el análisis del factor en suero, se evaluó para las muestras de tejidos y se comparó con la extracción AE seguida de crioprecipitaci...

  12. Efecto de la administración subcrónica de glucosamina oral en la regulación del peso corporal, glucemia y dislipidemias provocada por una dieta hipercalórica en rata Wistar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cornelio Barrientos Alvarado

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Este estudio evaluó el efecto de la glucosamina oral en el sobrepeso y dislipidemia provocada por una dieta hipercalórica en ratas. Métodos: En 4 grupos de ratas Wistar: alimentados con dieta comercial para roedores y agua de beber sin grupo de control y con glucosamina (500 mg/kg-1 por día grupo glucosamina y con dieta hipercalórica enriquecida al 24% (g/g compuesta por manteca de cerdo y agua de beber sin grupo hipercalórico y con glucosamina grupo hipercalórico + grupo glucosamina, durante 22 semanas, se evaluaron el peso corporal, grasa abdominal, niveles de glucemia, triglicéridos, colesterol total y lipoproteínas de alta densidad en suero. Resultados: Se observó un aumento del peso corporal y glucemia en suero con dislipidemias en el grupo con dieta hipercalórica grupo hipercalórico versus grupo de controle (p0.05 y regulándose el peso corporal, las lipoproteínas de alta densidad y la glucemia basal (p<0.05. Conclusion: La glucosamina reguló el peso corporal y la glucemia en sangre y minimizó las dislipidemias provocadas por la dieta hipercalórica, favoreciendo el aumento de colesterol lipoproteínas de alta densidad en las ratas. No afectó el peso corporal y el metabolismo lipídico cuando se administró con dieta comercial.

  13. Estrés oxidativo y marcadores bioquímicos en ratas diabéticas con dieta suplementada con vitamina E

    OpenAIRE

    Valdivieso Izquierdo, Lázaro Rubén

    2015-01-01

    Determina el rol de la vitamina E en los parámetros bioquímicos y antioxidantes en ratas diabéticas. La diabetes es inducida experimentalmente con estreptozotocina (35 mg/kg de peso por v.i.p.). Los animales (n= 24) son divididos en cuatro grupos: Grupo I: Control, Grupo II: Control + Vitamina E (25 mg/día), Grupo III: Diabética y Grupo IV: Diabética + Vitamina E (25 mg/día), durante 8 semanas. Parámetros bioquímicos como glucosa, la hemoglobina glicada y perfil lipídico son evaluados, así mi...

  14. CONTRIBUCION DEL ESTRÉS OXIDATIVO A LA POTENCIACION DE LAS RESPUESTAS QUIMIOSENSORIALES CAROTIDEAS EN RATAS EXPUESTAS A HIPOXIA INTERMITENTE CRONICA

    OpenAIRE

    DEL RIO TRONCOSO; RODRIGO ANDRE; DEL RIO TRONCOSO; RODRIGO ANDRE

    2011-01-01

    La exposición de humanos y animales a la hipoxia intermitente crónica (CIH) produce hipertensión. La hipertensión inducida por la exposición a CIH ha sido relacionada a la estimulación cíclica de los cuerpos carotídeos. Se ha propuesto que las especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) contribuiría a la potenciación de los quimiorreflejos carotídeos. Sin embargo, per se las ROS no inducen aumentos en la actividad quimiosensorial. Recientemente, se encontró que el cuerpo carotídeo de rata expre...

  15. Uso da Ciprofloxacina durante a Prenhez de Ratas: efeitos sobre a Mãe e Fetos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Approbato Mário Silva

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: estudar os efeitos da ciprofloxacina sobre a taxa de abortos, ganho de peso durante a gravidez, morte materna e fetal, malformações fetais grosseiras, número de recém-nascidos, peso dos filhotes e análise dos reflexos neurológicos dos filhotes. Métodos: foram utilizadas 30 ratas da linhagem Wistar, divididas em três grupos. Os grupos tratados receberam ciprofloxacina e o grupo controle soro fisiológico, uma vez ao dia, durante os primeiros 7 dias após o cruzamento. As doses para os grupos D50 e D100 foram, respectivamente, de 50 e 100 mg de ciprofloxacina por kg de peso corporal por dia. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: o ganho de peso durante a prenhez, a prevalência de abortamentos, mortes fetal e materna e malformações fetais grosseiras. Nos 217 filhotes nascidos analisamos o número, o peso e reflexos neurológicos (postural, preensão e orientação no 1º, 3º, 5º e 10º dia de vida por ninhada. Resultados: não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas no número de ratas que ficaram prenhes, na média de ganho de peso materno ou número de filhotes. Os filhotes apresentaram diferenças significativas nos pesos das observações do 3º, 5º e 10º dia (p = 0,006, 0,01 e 0,03, respectivamente, sendo a média menor no grupo D100. Observamos alteração significativa (p = 0,002 na positividade do reflexo de orientação no primeiro dia de vida, alteração que não se manteve nas outras observações. Não se observou caso de abortamento ou malformações grosseiras nos recém-nascidos. Conclusões: a ciprofloxacina alterou o peso ao nascimento e o reflexo dos filhotes nos primeiros dias de vida. Portanto, deve-se estudar a restrição ao seu uso durante a gravidez.

  16. Reducción del colesterol y aumento de la capacidad antioxidante por el consumo crónico de maíz morado (Zea mays L en ratas hipercolesterolémicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Arroyo

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Determinar la actividad hipocolesterolémica y antioxidante del consumo crónico del extracto hidroalcohólico atomizado del maíz morado (Zea mays L en ratas hipercolesterolémicas. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron cinco grupos de seis ratas Holtzmann cada uno, uno sin hipercolesterolemia (control negativo, y cuatro con hipercolesterolemia inducida por consumo de colesterol puro vía oral durante 60 días: control positivo y tres para las dosis de 250, 500 y 1000 mg/kg, respectivamente. En el día 60 se determinaron los niveles séricos de colesterol total, triglicéridos y colesterol HDL (mg/dL, así como de malondialdehido (mmol/L para determinar la actividad antioxidante. Se comparó la diferencias de medias con ANOVA y test de Tukey. Resultados: Se observó una disminución del colesterol total en las ratas hipercolesterolémicas que consumieron dosis de 250 y 500 mg/kg en relación con el grupo control positivo (reducción de 21,5 y 11,2% respectivamente, p<0,01. No se observaron diferencias significativas sobre los niveles de triglicéridos y colesterol HDL. A mayor dosis se maíz morado se encontró una mayor reducción de radicales libres, con la dosis de 1000 mg/kg se redujo en 56,4% los niveles de malondialdehido (p< 0,01. Conclusiones: En condiciones experimentales, el consumo crónico del extracto hidroalcohólico atomizado de maíz morado disminuye los niveles de colesterol total y aumenta la capacidad antioxidante.

  17. RDBMS Based Lexical Resource for Indian Heritage: The Case of Mahābhārata

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mani, Diwakar

    The paper describes a lexical resource in the form of a relational database based indexing system for Sanskrit documents - Mahābhārata (MBh) as an example. The system is available online on http://sanskrit.jnu.ac.in/mb with input and output in Devanāgarī Unicode, using technologies such as RDBMS and Java Servlet. The system works as an interactive and multi-dimensional indexing system with search facility for MBh and has potentials for use as a generic system for all Sanskrit texts of similar structure. Currently, the system allows three types of searching facilities- 'Direct Search', 'Alphabetical Search' and 'Search by Classes'. The input triggers an indexing process by which a temporary index is created for the search string, and then clicking on any indexed word displays the details for that word and also a facility to search that word in some other online lexical resources.

  18. Efecto hepatoprotector del extracto hidroetanólico atomizado del maíz morado (Zea mays L. en lesiones hepáticas inducidas en ratas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renán Hañari-Quispe

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Evaluar el efecto hepatoprotector del extracto hidroetanólico atomizado de Zea mays variedad morado sobre lesiones hepáticas inducidas en ratas. Diseño: Experimental. Institución: Laboratorio de Farmacología Experimental, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Extracto hidroetanólico atomizado de maíz morado (EAM. Intervenciones: Se formó seis grupos de ratas machos (n=10, por cada grupo, se les administró fenobarbital a concentración de 0,5 g/L en agua potable ad líbitum por 15 días; posteriormente se administró tetracloruro de carbono (CCl a una dosis de 0,2 mL/kg, por vía oral. El diseño experimental fue el siguiente: G1: suero fisiológico (SSF; G2: CCl0,2 mL/kg (T;4G3: T+ 4 silimarina 25 mg/kg; G4: T + EAM 500 mg/kg; G5: T + EAM 1 000 mg/kg; G6: T + EAM 2 000 mg/kg. Principales medidas de resultados: Perfil hepático, especies reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS en suero, índice hepático, observación histológica. Resultados: Se observó aumento significativo (p<0,05 en la actividad de alanina amino transferasa (ALT entre el grupo G2 y los grupos G3 y G4 (p<0,001. Hubo disminución significativa (p<0,05 de fosfatasa alcalina (FAL en el grupo G2 con respecto G1. El nivel de TBARS fue menor en el grupo que recibió 1 000 mg/kg de EAM con respecto al control. Las actividades de HDL-C y triglicéridos no mostraron diferencias significativas. Se ha observado la reducción de 60% de la lesión hepática, evidenciado con menor daño del hepatocito al estudio histológico. Conclusiones: El extracto hidroetanólico atomizado de maíz morado a la dosis de 1 000 mg/kg disminuyó las lesiones hepáticas inducidas en ratas.

  19. Estudio morfohistológico y efecto quimioprotector de las hojas de Bidens pilosa L. sobre el cáncer de colon inducido en ratas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Arroyo

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Determinar la histología vegetal y la influencia del extracto etanólico de la planta entera de Bidens pilosa L. sobre el cáncer de colón inducido en ratas. Diseño: Estudio experimental. Lugar: Facultades de Medicina, de Farmacia y Bioquímica y de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Ratas Holzmann. Intervenciones: Se agrupó 48 ratas Holtzmann, de 2 meses de edad, con pesos 100 g a 130 g, en seis grupos de ocho cada uno, y se indujo cáncer de colon con 1,2-dimetilhidrazina. Los grupos estuvieron constituidos por control normal, grupo con patología y grupos con patología y tratamientos. Principales medidas de resultados: Nivel de óxido nítrico, estrés oxidativo y cambios en el patrón celular del colon. Resultados: Se encontró incremento de los niveles de óxido nítrico y lipoperoxidación en los animales con 1,2-dimetilhidracina (DMH y disminución en los que recibieron el tóxico más extracto de la planta. Al estudio histopatológico, con la DMH se evidenció desorganización celular, adenocarcinoma indiferenciado e invasivo; en tanto que, con los tratamientos se observó citoprotección, no dependiente de la dosis, siendo mayor a 50 mg/kg. Los hallazgos probablemente se expliquen porque los flavonoides y los compuestos fenólicos presentes en el extracto cumplen un rol importante en la inhibición del estrés oxidativo y también como anticancerígenos, inhibiendo el crecimiento de tumores. Se encontró detalles histológicos que servirían como caracteres diagnósticos, ayudando a verificar la identidad de la especie vegetal en polvo. Conclusiones: En condiciones experimentales, el extracto etanólico de la planta entera de Bidens pilosa L. presentó efecto quimioprotector sobre el cáncer de colon.

  20. Efectos del ejercicio aeróbico interválico, combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza y de la restricción calórica, sobre la composición corporal de ratas obesas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    I. Coll-Risco

    2017-03-01

    Conclusiones: Tanto el programa de ejercicio aeróbico interválico, combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza desarrollado, como la restricción calórica, fueron eficaces, mejorando la composición corporal de ratas obesas, pero el ejercicio lo hizo en mayor magnitud.

  1. Lesión celular del miocardio y actividad de la ATPsintasa mitocondrial en ratas infectadas con una cepa colombiana de Trypanosoma cruzi

    OpenAIRE

    Dairo Alonso Rendón; Carlos M. Genes; Omar Triana

    2007-01-01

    Introducción. La enfermedad de Chagas es la principal causa de cardiomiopatía crónica en regiones endémicas de Latinoamérica. Alteraciones en el metabolismo energético mitocondrial cardiaco causadas por Trypanosoma cruzi pueden estar involucradas en el desarrollo de esta cardiomiopatía. Objetivo. En este trabajo se investigó la lesión celular del miocardio de ratas durante una infección por la cepa colombiana Mg8 de Trypanosoma cruzi y la actividad de la ATPsintasa mitocondrial para correl...

  2. Lesión celular del miocardio y actividad de la ATPsintasa mitocondrial en ratas infectadas con una cepa colombiana de Trypanosoma cruzi

    OpenAIRE

    Rendón, Dairo Alonso; Genes, Carlos M; Triana, Omar

    2007-01-01

    Introducción. La enfermedad de Chagas es la principal causa de cardiomiopatía crónica en regiones endémicas de Latinoamérica. Alteraciones en el metabolismo energético mitocondrial cardiaco causadas por Trypanosoma cruzi pueden estar involucradas en el desarrollo de esta cardiomiopatía. Objetivo. En este trabajo se investigó la lesión celular del miocardio de ratas durante una infección por la cepa colombiana Mg8 de Trypanosoma cruzi y la actividad de la ATPsintasa mitocondrial para correlaci...

  3. Evaluación de la toxicidad por dosis única de la vacuna antitetánica vax-TET en ratas Sprague Dawley

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    Yulieé López.

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available La vacuna vax-TET® está indicada en la prevención del tétanos y es efectiva si se logra un completo y apropiado esquema de inmunización. Para investigar el potencial tóxico de este producto se realizó una prueba toxicológica con una dosis única, por vía intramuscular, en un volumen de 0,2 mL en ratas Sprague Dawley. La composición de la vacuna de ensayo probada fue la misma de la vacuna comercial. Los animales fueron observados diariamente en busca de síntomas locales y sistémicos de toxicidad. Se realizaron mediciones del consumo de agua y alimento, así como del peso corporal. Dos semanas después de la inoculación las ratas fueron sacrificadas por métodos de eutanasia sin dolor y sometidas a necropsia. No se observaron muertes ni síntomas de toxicidad en los animales estudiados. Tampoco se encontraron diferencias de interés toxicológico entre los grupos experimentales en cuanto a las variables medidas. El estudio anatomopatológico reveló la presencia de formaciones granulomatosas de tipo macrofágico asociadas, fundamentalmente, al hidróxido de aluminio. Estos resultados permitieron concluir que, bajo las condiciones del estudio y según los criterios establecidos, esta vacuna no produce efectos adversos en el modelo animal usado, por lo que se considera potencialmente no tóxica para humanos.

  4. Efecto de la hormona de crecimiento (GH en el catch-up de ratas con retardo prenatal de crecimiento (RPC

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    Quintero, Fabián

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo analiza los cambios morfométricos en el crecimiento postnatal de ratas RPC tratadas con GH. Ratas Wistar se dividieron en: Control (C, Sham-operado (Sh, RPC y RPC+GH. El RPC fue inducido por ligamiento de las arterias uterinas a los 14 días de gestación. La GH fue administrada desde los 21 hasta los 60 días de edad (Genotropin® 3.0 mg/kg/día. A los animales Sh se les inyectó sólo el diluyente. Los animales se radiografiaron a los 84 días de edad y se relevaron longitudes, anchos y alturas neurocraneana y esplacnocraneana y longitudes y anchos femoral, humeral y tibial, longitud de la columna y anchos pélvico inferior, medio y superior. Los datos fueron procesados mediante análisis de componentes principales (ACP y discriminante (AD. El primer componente del ACP mostró efecto tamaño y el segundo forma, separando los sexos y los tratamientos. Los valores de F del AD fueron altamente significativos. La primera función quedó definida por los anchos pélvico medio y superior y la longitud tibial, explicando el 66% de la varianza. La segunda por el ancho pélvico superior y longitud tibial, explicando un 18% más de la variación total. La longitud tibial discriminó entre sexos y el ancho pélvico superior entre tratamientos. El análisis separó a los RPC de los RPC+GH y agrupó a éstos últimos con los Sh. Se concluye que el tratamiento con GH en animales RPC permite el catch up en tamaño y forma corporal, siendo más efectivo en las hembras.

  5. Desarrollo de un nuevo modelo de Aspergilosis Pulmonar en rata consideraciones previas, estudio comparativo y aplicaciones al diagnóstico de la enfermedad

    OpenAIRE

    Caballero de Toro, Jesús

    2005-01-01

    Aspergilosis incluye una gran cantidad de enfermedades, incluida la Aspergilosis Invasora. El objetivo de esta tesis es el estudio de la Aspergilosis invasora en humanos. En primer lugar se evalúan los perfiles proteicos de A. fumigatus crecidos en diferentes medios y su capacidad antigénica. Posteriormente se realiza una evaluación de la capacidad de infección de A. fumigatus en modelos animales en ratones y ratas. Se desarrolla un nuevo modelo de infección transtorácia con hifas. Finalmente...

  6. Glucemia, insulinemia y secreción de insulina en ratas prepúberes hiperandrogenizadas e hiperestrogenizadas Glycemia, insulinemia and insulin secretion in prepubescent rats receiving high doses of androgens and strogens

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aimée Álvarez Álvarez

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available Se estudió el efecto de una sobredosis de enantato de testosterona y de benzoato de estradiol en ratas machos prepúberes, sobre el comportamiento de la glucemia y la insulinemia in vivo, durante una prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa. Adicionalmente se exploró, in vitro, la capacidad de secreción de insulina estimulada por glucosa de los islotes de Langerhans de estas ratas hiperandrogenizadas e hiperestrogenizadas. Se encontró que la hiperandrogenización se acompañaba de un deterioro de la sensibilidad a la insulina, con hiperinsulinemia, que no se corresponde con un aumento de la capacidad de secreción de insulina de los islotes de Langerhans. Sin embargo, se comprobó que la hiperestrogenización no indujo cambios en los perfiles de glucemia, ni de insulinemia, ni en la capacidad de secreción de insulina de los islotes de Langerhans de este grupo de ratas hiperestrogenizadas.The effect of an overdose of testosterone heptanoate and estradiol in male prepubescent rats on the behavior of glycemia and insulinemia was studied in vivo during a glucose tolerance test. The capacity of insulin secretion stimulated by glucose from the islets of Langerhans of these rats that were administered a high dose of androgens and estrogens was explored in vitro. It was found that the high level of circulating androgens was accompanied by a deterioration of sensitivity to insulin with hyperinsulinemia that does not correspond to an increase of the insulin secreting capacity of the islets of Langerhans. However, it was demonstrated that the high level of circulating estrogens did not produce changes either in the glycemia and insulinemia profiles or in the insulin secreting capacity of the islets of Langerhans in this group of rats that received an elevated dose of estrogens.

  7. Disminución del daño oxidativo y efecto hipoglicemiante de la maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp) en ratas con diabetes inducida por streptozotocina

    OpenAIRE

    María Elena Rodrigo; Rubén Valdivieso; Silvia Suárez; Rosa Oriondo; Raquel Oré

    2011-01-01

    Introducción: La maca es consumida desde tiempos ancestrales como parte de la dieta. Se le ha atribuido propiedades medicinales y se encuentra incluida en la medicina tradicional peruana. Estudios recientes describen que la admistración de maca reduce la glicemia en animales normoglicémicos, pero los mecanismos involucrados no están muy claros. Objetivos: Determinar el efecto hipoglicemiante y antioxidante de la harina de maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp) del ecotipo amarillo, en ratas con diabete...

  8. Estructura del quiste hidatídico producido por Echinococcus oligarthrus en el hospedero intermediario Proechimys c.f. guairae (rata espinosa en Casanare, Colombia

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    Gerzain Rodríguez

    2000-09-01

    Full Text Available La equinococosis es un parasitismo grave producido en el hombre y en los animales por larvas de tenias del género Echinococcus que se desarrollan en el higado, el pulmón, el bazo y en otras visceras y tejidos. De las cuatro tenias dei género Echinococcus, tres se presentan en Suramerica: E granulosus, E. vogeli y E. oligarihrus. En Colombia se han informado casos en humanos y en animales cuyo agente etiológico más frecuente es E. vogeli. En este trabajo presentamos la estructura macroscópica, microscópica y de microscopia electrónica de barrido de quistes hidatídicos múltiples y de sus protoescólices encontrados en un Proechimys c.f guairae o rata espinosa, capturado en la vereda La Plata del municipio de Pore, Casanare, durante la búsqueda de reservorios del virus de la encefalitis equina venezolana. En la autopsia del animal se encontraron quistes múltiples en el higado, el bazo y el pulmón, la gran mayoría fértiles. Están constituidos por una pared franjeada que origina cápsulas proligeras dentro de las cuales están los protoescólices. El protoescólex es el escólex inmaduro del parásito adulto formado por cuatro ventosas y un rostelo con ganchos, cuyo tamaño y morfologia corresponden con las medidas de E. oligaiihrus. Ilustramos las caracteristicas morfológicas de las larvas, el desarrollo de los protoescólices y revisamos las caracteristicas de la equinococosis en Colombia.

  9. Elección y sustitución de estímulos entre el alcohol y el alimento en ratas: relación entre el incremento del costo de una alternativa y el cambio en la elección

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    Medina, Iván Felipe

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la variación del costo de las alternativas sobre la conducta de elección entre sacarina y etanol en cuatro ratas Wistar ingenuas. Con ello se pretendió establecer si las ratas sustituyen bienes como el etanol que se encuentra inicialmente en libre acceso, por el alimento sacarina en restricción en la medida en que se aumenta el precio del etanol. La investigación se desarrolló en tres fases: 1. moldeamiento de la respuesta operante, 2. línea de base o de libre acceso a los bienes y por último, 3. restricción, donde el etanol inicialmente estuvo en acceso libre y luego fue restringido, en contraste, la sacarina se mantuvo en restricción constante. Los resultados encontrados señalan que las ratas sustituyeron el etanol por la sacarina en la medida en que los precios de éste aumentaron a una razón fija 5 (RF5, aunque se haya presentado un mayor consumo de etanol en las sesiones iniciales en que se encontraba. Dicho comportamiento corrobora la posición de la economía conductual sobre la conducta de elección en función de los costos de las alternativas.

  10. Efecto antioxidante y hepatoprotector del Petroselinum sativum (perejil en ratas, con intoxicación hepática inducida por paracetamol

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    Luzmila Troncoso

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar el efecto antioxidante y hepatoprotector del perejil (Petroselinum sativum en ratas con intoxicación hepática inducida por paracetamol. Lugar: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición - "Laboratorio de Bioquímica Clínica y Nutricional "Leonidas Delgado Butrón" "Emilio Guija Poma" - Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima, Perú. Diseño: Estudio analítico, transversal, prospectivo y cuasi-experimental. Material: Ratas albinas Holtzman machos adultas. Métodos: Se utilizó 40 ratas de 2 meses de edad, con pesos entre 280 y 320 g, distribuidas aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos de 10 animales cada uno. Todos los grupos recibieron la misma dieta y agua ad libitum, además de los respectivos tratamientos, los cuales fueron administrados por vía oral diariamente, durante 5 días: paracetamol (administrado en una dosis de 200 mg/kg de peso corporal para inducir la intoxicación hepática y, al mismo tiempo, un hepatoprotector, ya fuera farmacológico (fármaco hepatoprotector (FHP: Purinor® o natural (perejil; además, un grupo de paracetamol solo y otro de control. Al término del período experimental, los animales fueron sacrificados. En suero sanguíneo se determinó aspartato aminotransferasa (AST, alanina aminotransferasa (ALT, gamma glutamil transferasa (GGT, grupos sulfhidrilo, proteínas totales y albúmina sérica; y en el homogenizado citosólico de hígado, fracción posmitocondrial, se determinó superóxido dismutasa, catalasa, glucosa-6-fosfato deshidrogenasa, grupos sulfidrilo, especies reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS o radicales libres y proteínas. Además, se realizó el estudio histopatológico del hígado, para identificar signos de necrosis y signos de regeneración posnecrótica. Principales medidas de resultados: Efecto antioxidante y hepatoprotector del perejil. Resultados: El perejil mostró un mejor efecto hepatoprotector que el FHP, frente a la acción nociva del

  11. Respuestas de elección durante el contraste negativo sucesivo consumatorio en ratas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Florencia López Seal

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available En ratas, el cambio de una solución preferida (aguaazucarada al 32% por otra menos preferida (aguaazucarada al 4% produce una caída del consumopor debajo de un grupo control no devaluado, elcual siempre recibe acceso a la solución de valorbajo. Este fenómeno denominado contraste negativosucesivo consumatorio ocurre incluso cuandola devaluación coincide con cambios en las clavesambientales o gustativas y cuando hay múltiplesopciones de respuesta (con el reforzador de valorbajo disponible en varios lugares. En este artículose presenta un experimento donde un grupo de ratasse entrenó en la fase pre-cambio con una soluciónpreferida con sabor a almendra (32%A y otro conuna menos preferida (4%A. La fase post-cambio serealizó en un contexto distinto y novedoso, dondetodos los animales pudieron elegir entre consumir4% o 4%A. Se observó un efecto de contrastenegativo en los animales que experimentaron ladevaluación y una preferencia por la solución conel sabor a almendra utilizado durante la fase precambioen los sujetos de ambos grupos.

  12. Facilitación de la memoria por autoestimulación eléctrica intracraneal en ratas normales y con lesión cerebral

    OpenAIRE

    Redolar Ripoll, Diego

    2004-01-01

    Consultable des del TDX Títol obtingut de la portada digitalitzada La estimulación eléctrica intracraneal (AEIC) del hipotálamo lateral (HL), en el haz prosencefálico medial (HPM), facilita los procesos de aprendizaje y memoria en una amplia variedad de paradigmas tanto en ratas jóvenes como en viejas. Algunos datos apoyan la idea de que el efecto de la AEIC del HL parece estar relacionado con las propiedades arousalizantes del sistema de refuerzo del HPM. La memoria es un proceso activ...

  13. Helmintos parásitos de la rata Sigmodon hispidus (Rodentia: Cricetidae) de un hábitat estacional y otro perenne en Costa Rica

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez, Beatriz; González, Ricardo; Chinchilla, Misael

    2000-01-01

    La fauna helmintológica de ejemplares de Sigmodon hispidus capturados en Costa Rica, varió de acuerdo a la región de procedencia. En las ratas provenientes de una zona extensa del Pacífico seco, (Guanacaste) que ofrecía una dieta variada, se encontraron 6 especies de nemátodos y 2 especies de céstodos. En las provenientes de la Meseta Central, (Alajuela) que disfrutaban de una dieta única y abundante, se aislaron solamente dos especies: una de ellas, Angiostrongylus costaricensis, de gran imp...

  14. Efectos sobre el metabolismo lipoproteico y estrés oxidativo en ratas zucker fa/fa de cárnicos enriquecidos con glucomanano y espirulina

    OpenAIRE

    González Torres, Laura

    2016-01-01

    Esta memoria doctoral versa sobre los estudios que se realizaron para evaluar los efectos de reestructurados cárnicos (RP) enriquecidos con glucomanano y espirulina sobre crecimiento, tamaño y estructura de órganos, glucemia, insulinemia, resistencia a la insulina, metabolismo lipoproteico y estrés oxidativo en un modelo de síndrome metabólico como es la rata Zucker fa/fa. Para ello se diseñaron diferentes dietas hipersaturadas, añadidas o no con agente hipercolesterolemiante, conteniendo 15%...

  15. Balance de nitrógeno y digestibilidad energética en ratas alimentadas con manteca de freidura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jiménez, S.

    1992-06-01

    Full Text Available This study was carried out during 90 days in order to know the effect of frying lard on the energy digestibility and nitrogen bioavailability. A significant decrease occurred on energy utilization of the diets prepared with frying lard (52 frying times. Nitrogen bioutilization on growing rats was also affected.

    Se realiza un estudio de 90 días de duración en ratas con el fin de conocer posibles efectos de las grasas de freidura sobre el coeficiente de digestibilidad energética y la biodisponibilidad del nitrógeno. Se observó una disminución de la utilización de la energía de la dieta con el consumo reiterado de grasas con 52 freiduras y se encontró afectada la bioutilización del nitrógeno del organismo en crecimiento.

  16. Estructura poblacional y actividad reproductiva de la rata de campo (Sigmodon hirsutus durante un ciclo de producción de maní (Arachis hypogaea en Costa Rica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Monge

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Se estudió la estructura poblacional y la actividad reproductiva de la rata de campo (Sigmodon hirsutus, durante 1 ciclo de producción de maní, en Alajuela, Costa Rica. El muestreo consistió en un trampeo mensual de 2 días-noche consecutivos en un área de 0,5 ha, con trampas de golpe, durante agosto de 2006 a enero de 2007. Los especímenes capturados fueron sexados y pesados. Las clases de edad se basaron en el peso del individuo. Se logró la captura de 39 ratas, de las cuales 22 fueron machos, 16 hembras y uno no pudo ser sexado, para una proporción de sexos que no difiere de la relación 1:1. De esta muestra, 10 individuos fueron jóvenes, 12 adultos-jóvenes y 17 adultosviejos. En octubre, diciembre y enero se capturó hembras preñadas, siendo el tamaño promedio de camada de 6,25 embriones. La presencia de individuos jóvenes y hembras preñadas indica que la especie, dentro del período de tiempo que comprendió este estudio, tiene actividad reproductiva de setiembre a enero.

  17. Disminución del daño oxidativo y efecto hipoglicemiante de la maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp en ratas con diabetes inducida por streptozotocina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Elena Rodrigo

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: La maca es consumida desde tiempos ancestrales como parte de la dieta. Se le ha atribuido propiedades medicinales y se encuentra incluida en la medicina tradicional peruana. Estudios recientes describen que la admistración de maca reduce la glicemia en animales normoglicémicos, pero los mecanismos involucrados no están muy claros. Objetivos: Determinar el efecto hipoglicemiante y antioxidante de la harina de maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp del ecotipo amarillo, en ratas con diabetes inducida por estreptozotocina. Diseño: Experimental. Institución: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Harina de maca amarilla y ratas albinas Holtzmann machos con diabetes inducida. Intervenciones: Se administró la harina de maca amarilla a las ratas distribuidas en 4 grupos: grupo I control (solo dieta; II, harina de maca 4 g/día; III, harina de maca 6 g/día; y IV, dieta + glibenclamida 10 mg/kg de peso; el experimento duró 46 días. Se evaluó diariamente la glicemia y el peso; al final del experimento se determinó en sangre los niveles de insulina, parámetros de daño oxidativo (vitamina C y se midió la peroxidación lipídica (TBARS, como indicador del proceso oxidativo. Principales medidas de los resultados: Modificación de los niveles de glicemia, insulina, vitamina C y formación del complejo MDA-TBARS. Resultados: La administración de harina de maca en la dieta (4 a 6 g/día de animales diabéticos redujo la glicemia en 50%, incrementó los niveles de insulina 22% y mejoró los niveles de vitamina C respecto al grupo control. La administración de maca 4 g/día disminuyó el daño oxidativo, pues redujo la formación del complejo MDA-TBARS en 54% con respecto al grupo control. Conclusiones: La administración de harina de maca amarilla a animales diabéticos mejoró el metabolismo de la glucosa, regulando la glicemia y

  18. Expresión génica relacionada con el ciclo celular, apoptosis, sinaptogénesis y diferenciación celular en la diferenciación sexual de la rata

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Héctor Herrera Gutiérrez

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Existen diferencias anatómico-funcionales importantes entre los hipotálamos de las ratas machos y hembras, las cuales son reguladas por esteroides sexuales durante un periodo crítico del desarrollo hipotalámico, especialmente por el estradiol; por ejemplo, en la rata macho, el núcleo dimórfico sexual del área preóptica es seis veces más grande que en la hembra, y en el núcleo arqueado de la hembra son más abundantes las conexiones sinápticas que en los machos. En este estudio se investigaron algunas diferencias entre machos y hembras en la expresión de genes relacionados con la apoptosis, neurogénesis y sinaptogénesis en ratas de 4 h de nacidas, además se evaluó el efecto de la administración temprana de propionato de testosterona (PT a hembras y tamoxifen (Tx a machos, sobre el patrón de expresión del grupo de genes referidos, para lo cual se usó un análisis con microarreglos de DNA, combinado con qPCR; se encontraron diferencias en la expresión de los genes en hipotálamos de hembras y machos. En las hembras, hubo una mayor expresión de genes relacionados con la apoptosis: IL-24, Smpd3, Tpa, Pp4, Map3k1, Pge y Naca3; con la diferenciación celular, Neurod2, Zic1 y Epo y con la sinapsis y el control del ciclo celular; Syt7, Tgfbr1, Ptf1a y Cox2. También se muestra que la aplicación de Tx en los machos provocó un patrón de expresión génica similar al de las hembras testigo, mientras que el PT en las hembras no modificó la expresión de genes.

  19. Aspectos ultra-estruturais da fibra muscular cardíaca de ratas albinas durante o ciclo gravídico-puerperal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liberatori Filho A.W.

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO. No presente estudo avaliamos, por intermédio da microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, a morfologia dos cardiomiócitos do ventrículo esquerdo de ratas albinas no decorrer do ciclo gravídico-puerperal. MÉTODOS. Obtida a prenhez, 77 ratas foram divididas ao acaso em dois grupos denominados, respectivamente, de: gestação (G e puerpério (P. Os animais pertencentes ao grupo gestação foram ainda subdivididos em quatro subgrupos, de acordo com a idade gestacional; 1o (G-A, 7o (G-B, 14o (G-C e 21o (G-D dias de prenhez. O grupo definido como puerpério foi também subdividido em três subgrupos; 7o (P-A, 14o (P-B e 21o (P-C dias de puerpério. Findo o período estabelecido para cada subgrupo, os animais foram sacrificados, sendo coletados fragmentos do terço médio do ventrículo esquerdo, os quais após processamento apropriado, permitiram observação adequada à microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. RESULTADOS. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram hipertrofia gradativos dos cardiomiócitos no decorrer da prenhez (aumento das miofibrilas, que ao final da gestação apresentaram-se entremeadas de numerosas mitocôndrias. As paredes dos capilares sangüíneos, progressivamente, tornaram-se mais delgadas, com aumento das vesículas de pinocitose no interior das células endoteliais. Revelou ainda, acentuadas dobras do sarcolema em nível dos túbulos T (túneis capilares. No grupo puerpério, notamos gradativa regressão nessas alterações, com retorno às características pré-gestacionais. Os achados demonstram a ocorrência de hipertrofia no decorrer da gestação. CONCLUSÃO. Durante a prenhez há hipertrofia em cardiomiócito do ventrículo esquerdo com regressão durante o puerpério.

  20. Transporte electrogénico en el colon de ratas privadas de sodio : bloqueo de canales epiteliales versus inhibición de la NA, K-ATPASA

    OpenAIRE

    Carra, Graciela E.; Galella, Flavia; Widenberg, Johan; Ibáñez, Jorge E.; Saraví, Fernando D.

    2014-01-01

    La privación dietaria de sodio estimula la secreción de aldosterona. En el colon de rata, la aldosterona elevada aumenta la absorción de Na+, pero además torna electrogénico el mecanismo de absorción (normalmente electroneutro). Dicho transporte electrogénico puede suprimirse mediante el bloqueo de los canales epiteliales de Na+ en la membrana apical o la inhibición de la Na, KATPasa de la membrana basolateral. La absorción electrogénica de sodio está estrechamen...

  1. Estudio de la dinámica ósea mandibular y de los procesos reabsortivos de la cresta alveolar en ratas diabéticas y controles.

    OpenAIRE

    García, María

    2008-01-01

    Recibido: Jul. 2008 | Aceptado: Sep. 2008 La enfermedad periodontal es una respuesta inflamatoria del tejido periodontal a las bacterias contenidas en la placa bacteriana con destrucción de fibras colágenas, migración apical del epitelio de unión y pérdida del hueso alveolar. El daño producido puede conducir a la pérdida dental. Con el fin de evaluar el crecimiento mandibular y describir el desarrollo de la enfermedad periodontal “espontánea” de la rata se utilizaron animales con...

  2. New parvovirus in child with unexplained diarrhea, Tunisia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Phan, Tung G; Sdiri-Loulizi, Khira; Aouni, Mahjoub; Ambert-Balay, Katia; Pothier, Pierre; Deng, Xutao; Delwart, Eric

    2014-11-01

    A divergent parvovirus genome was the only eukaryotic viral sequence detected in feces of a Tunisian child with unexplained diarrhea. Tusavirus 1 shared 44% and 39% identity with the nonstructural protein 1 and viral protein 1, respectively, of the closest genome, Kilham rat parvovirus, indicating presence of a new human viral species in the Protoparvovirus genus.

  3. Avaliação do tratamento subcrônico com o extrato hidroalcoólico de Calendula officinalis L. sobre os parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos em ratas Wistar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E.J.R. Silva

    Full Text Available Os efeitos da administração oral subcrônica do extrato hidroalcoólico (EHA preparado de flores de Calendula officinalis L. foram investigados sobre os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos em ratas Wistar adultas. Quarenta ratas (n=10/grupo foram tratadas durante 30 dias consecutivos com EHA por via oral nas doses de 0,25, 0,5, e 1,0 g/kg de peso e, em seguida, determinados os perfis bioquímico e hematológico e a massa dos órgãos. Os resultados mostram que durante o período do tratamento não se observou sinais de toxicidade ou morte. Os parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos, assim como a massa dos órgãos não foram modificados pela administração subcrônica do EHA, excetuando-se aumento significativo de 24,2% para uréia na maior dose estudada e aumento, respectivamente, de 62,3, 30,2 e 44,4%, para ALT. Na hematologia, registrou-se flutuação dentro dos valores de referência na contagem diferencial de neutrófilos, linfócitos e monócitos. Dessa forma, a administração subcrônica do extrato hidroalcoólico de Calendula officinalis não produz efeitos tóxicos sobre a maioria dos parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos estudados em ratas Wistar adultas. Entretanto, o aumento dos níveis séricos de uréia e alanina aminotransferase (ALT em doses elevadas sugere sobrecargas renal e hepática, respectivamente, as quais devem ser investigadas em maiores detalhes.

  4. Influência da glândula pineal sobre a ingestão de água e NaCl em ratas normais e ooforectomizadas Influence of oophorectomy and pinealectomy on water and NaCl ingestion by adult rats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Maria Soares Jr.

    1999-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: avaliar a influência da pineal sobre a ingestão de água e de NaCl em ratas normais e ooforectomizadas. Métodos: utilizaram-se 48 (n = 48 ratas adultas, divididas ao acaso em quatro grupos: GI - mantidas sem manipulação, servindo como controle (n = 20; GII - submetidas à ooforectomia bilateral (n = 8; GIII - submetidas à pinealectomia (n = 12; GIV - submetidas à ooforectomia bilateral e à pinealectomia (n = 8. A seguir, todos os animais foram mantidos em gaiolas individuais; após três semanas. Determinou-se diariamente a fase do ciclo por esfregaço vaginal e anotou-se diariamente o volume ingerido de água e NaCl a 0,25 M, por aproximadamente três meses. Resultados: 1 as ratas submetidas somente à pinealectomia apresentaram maior freqüência da fase de estro, sendo que algumas entraram em estado de estro permanente; 2 o consumo de líquidos (água e solução salina não se alterou durante as diferentes fases do ciclo estral; 3 as ratas do grupo submetido à ooforectomia tiveram maior consumo de água, sendo que a pinealectomia nesses animais restabeleceu o consumo normal de água; 4 os animais ooforectomizados e os ooforectomizados e pinealectomizados mostraram redução do consumo médio de solução salina. Conclusões: os dados obtidos sugerem que a glândula pineal poderia modular a ação dos esteróides ovarianos sobre a ingestão de sal e água em ratas adultas.Purpose: to evaluate the effects of oophorectomy and pinealectomy on the ingestion of water and NaCl solution by adults female rats. Methods: forty-eight adult virgin female rats (Wistar EPM 1 weighing 200 g were kept on routine laboratory care and fed water and Purina rat chow ad libitum. The animals were random by divided into four groups: GI - maintained without manipulation as a control group (n = 20; GII - submitted to bilateral oophorectomy (n = 8; GIII - submitted to pinealectomy (n = 12; GIV - submitted to bilateral oophorectomy and pinealectomy (n

  5. Eficacia tópica de Myrciaria dubia en la curación de quemaduras de segundo grado en ratas Holtzman.

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    Karla Pacci-Salazar

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo, Comparar el efecto de la crema a base de Myrciaria dubia con el efecto antibiótico de la crema de sulfadiazina argéntica. Diseño, El presente es un estudio experimental aleatorizado incompleto. Participantes, 15 ratas Holtzman hembras de 9-10 semanas a las cuales se les produjo quemaduras de segundo grado. Intervenciones, Se produjo una quemadura cuadrada de 1cm2 de piel del dorso de las ratas usando un cautín modificado para producir tres quemaduras térmicas por cada animal. Se seleccionó aleatoriamente la herida para cada tratamiento. Principales medidas de resultados, La crema a base de camu-camu se elabora con una extracción etanólica al 5% para mezclarla con Sepigel 350® a una concentración de 5%. Las heridas recibieron administración cada doce horas durante cinco días. Resultados, El promedio de la reducción de la cicatriz en el grupo camu-camu es de 69,4 ± 52,85, mientras que en el grupo sulfadiazina argéntica es de 69,26 ± 53,66. Microscópicamente se observó similar infiltración leucocitaria en la dermis y en el estrato seroso en los grupos camu-camu y sulfadiazina argéntica, y ambas fueron menores que en la del grupo control. Utilizando la prueba ANOVA, se observó que, a pesar de que la cantidad de fibroblastos en el grupo camu-camu era ligeramente mayor que en la de sulfadiazina argéntica, la diferencia no era estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones, La presencia de epidermis en el grupo Camu-Camu, a diferencia de los demás grupos, se puede deber a una mayor de activación de células basales o a una detención de los procesos oxidativos debido a la propiedad antioxidante de este fruto.

  6. Efeito da administração de capsaicina durante a prenhez de ratas wistar fêmeas adultas

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    Mércia Tancredo Toledo

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: a gravidez é caracteriza-se por alterações e ajustes metabólicos no organismo. A placenta atua como filtro seletivo para a transferência de substâncias essenciais para o desenvolvimento fetal. Objetivos: este trabalho analisou as possíveis alterações feto-placentárias induzidas pela administração da capsaicina (presente na pimenta vermelha, durante o período de máxima atividade placentária em ratas Wistar prenhas. Metodologia: utilizou-se 20 ratas prenhas, distribuídas em três grupos e 4 ratos machos para cruza. Durante a gestação, avaliou-se o ganho de peso semanal, estado geral, coloração, queda da pelagem e consumo diário de ração. Após o sacrifício, realizado no 20° dia de gestação, expôs-se os cornos uterinos, avaliou-se os produtos de concepção quanto ao peso placentário e fetal, além dos níveis de glicose e colesterol maternos. Fez-se a histologia do tecido placentário para avaliação dos parâmetros morfológicos e morfométricos. Resultados: apenas na análise histológica do grupo tratamento observou-se redução do número de células produtoras de hormônios e conversoras de metabólitos, presença de sítios hemorrágicos, infartos celulares e infiltrado inflamatório na decídua , além de aumento da deposição de lipídeos característico da fase anabólica da gestação, o que caracteriza incompatibilidade com o período de sacrifício e imaturidade placentária. Os demais parâmetros estudados não apresentaram diferença estatística significativa. Conclusões: tais alterações culminam na redução da função placentária de aporte nutricional e de troca gasosa, resultando em desnutrição e hipóxia fetal refletidos no baixo crescimento e ganho de peso fetal, como também nos óbitos fetais apresentados.

  7. Phrasal units in literary translation (the case of idioms in Miguel Delibes Las ratas

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    Manuel Sevilla Muñoz

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available In this article we explore the translation of phrasal units in the context of literary translation, arguing that such units may fulfil a specific function in a work. This is the case in the novel Las ratas, by Miguel Delibes, in which the author used them as linguistic markers of the social strata and cultural level of the different characters. We have analysed the translation of some idioms of the novel in order to highlight the key aspects to take into account in the translation, the problems that the translator has to face when performinghis profession, and the solutions that can be proposed. We show that thetranslation of phrasal units is certainly not a straightforward task, and thecorrespondences cover a wide range because of the differences between thetwo languages and the numerous factors which need to be taken into account when translate a phrasal unit in a literary text, none of which seems to prevailover the others in all situations. These difficulties compel the translator to study in advance how the author of a literary work uses the phrasal units in order to plan the translation process so that the effect of the phrasal units ofthe original text is also recreated as far as possible in the translation.

  8. Neonatally-induced diabetes: lipid profile outcomes and oxidative stress status in adult rats Diabete induzido no período neonatal: repercussões no perfil lipídico e avaliação dos marcadores de estresse oxidativo na vida adulta de ratas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yuri Karen Sinzato

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Experimental models are developed for the purpose of enhancing the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in diabetes. Experimental findings lead to the development of treatment strategies to maintain metabolic conditions as close to normal as possible. There are several reports about streptozotocin induced mild diabetes to reproduce type 2 diabetes. However, studies about the interaction among glucose levels, lipid profile, and oxidative stress in these animals remain insufficient. Therefore, this study evaluated these parameters in blood samples from adult Wistar rats treated neonatally with streptozotocin. METHODS: Female newborn Wistar rats received streptozotocin (70 mg/kg, i.p. on the 5th day of life (n5-STZ. Glycemia was measured in the 3rd and 4th month of life. At the end of the 4th month, blood samples were collected and processed for lipid profile and oxidative stress measurements. RESULTS: Glycemia of n5-STZ rats were significantly higher compared to those of control rats (p0.05 in the n5-STZ animals when compared to control group. However n5-STZ animals showed a significant decreased HDL-cholesterol rate (pINTRODUÇÃO: Modelos experimentais são desenvolvidos com propósito de ampliar o entendimento dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos envolvidos no diabete. Os achados experimentais levam ao desenvolvimento de tratamentos alternativos para a manutenção das condições metabólicas normais. Existem vários estudos sobre o diabete induzido por streptozotocin mimetizando o quadro clínico do DM2. No entanto, a interação entre os níveis de glicose, perfil lipídico e estresse oxidativo nestes animais são escassos. Portanto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar estes parâmetros em ratas Wistar adultas com diabete induzido com streptozotocin no período neonatal. MÉTODOS: Fêmeas recém-nascidas receberam streptozotocin (70mg/Kg, ip no 5º dia de vida (n5-STZ. A glicemia foi medida no terceiro e quarto

  9. [Eesti! Sa seisad lootusrikka tuleviku lävel, kus sa vabalt ja isesesvalt oma saatust määrata ja juhtida võid. Eesti riikluse alusdokumendid 1917-1920. [Estland! Du stehst auf der Schwelle zu einer hoffnungsvollen Zukunft, in der du frei und unab

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Brüggemann, Karsten, 1965-

    2009-01-01

    Arvustus: Eesti! Sa seisad lootusrikka tuleviku lävel, kus sa vabalt ja iseseisvalt oma saatust määrata ja juhtida võid : Eesti riikluse alusdokumendid 1917-1920 / Rahvusarhiiv ; [koostanud Ago Pajur]. Tartu : Eesti Ajalooarhiiv, 2008

  10. Efecto sedante del midazolam genérico versus innovador en ratas Wistar

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    Radamés Alemón-Medina

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Antecedentes: ocho de cada diez pacientes en Terapia Intensiva del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría no obtienen el mismo efecto ansiolítico y sedante con midazolam genérico (PiSA®, que con el innovador (Dormicum, Roche® a pesar de que su biodisponibilidad es de 100%.  Objetivo: determinar diferencias significativas en el efecto sedante del midazolam genérico y del innovador administrados parenteralmente.  Material y métodos: estudio aleatorizado cruzado en 24 ratas Wistar macho distribuidas en 4 grupos (n=6. A cada individuo se le administró una dosis de 0.5 mg/kg de peso vía intraperitoneal. Se determinaron los grados de sedación mediante la escala de Salamone. Se midió la concentración del fármaco en las ampolletas de ambas marcas por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución. Resultados: el efecto sedante del midazolam apareció al mismo tiempo y tuvo la misma duración, ndependientemente de la marca. El efecto tiende a ser más duradero con el innovador pero sin ser estadísticamente significativo (ANOVA, p ≤ 0.05. Asimismo, la mayoría de los animales llegaron al nivel 3 de sedación con ambas marcas.   Conclusión: tanto el midazolam innovador como el genérico tienen el mismo efecto sedante: aparece al mismo tiempo y tiene la misma duración.

  11. Efecto vasodilatador e inhibidor de vasoconstricción del extracto hidroalcohólico de hojas de Olea europaea (olivo sobre anillos aórticos de ratas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Job Nexar-QH

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Evaluar el efecto vasodilatador, la inhibición de la vasoconstricción, así como el mecanismo responsable, del extracto hidroalcohólico de hojas de Olea europaea (olivo, sobre anillos aórticos en ratas. Diseño: Experimental. Lugar: Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Científico, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, Perú. Material biológico: Hojas de Olea europea y anillos aórticos de Rattus norvegicus, variedad albina swiss. Intervenciones: Se obtuvo un extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas de Olea europaea. Se usó anillos aórticos de rata en cámara de órganos aislados y se registró la actividad vasomotora con un transductor de tensión isométrica. Se produjo contracción basal máxima con CaCl2 6 mM y se determinó el efecto vasodilatador con dosis de 25, 50 y 100 mg/mL de extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas de Olea europaea. Se usó 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3 alquinoxalin-1-one] (ODQ y nifedipino para determinar el mecanismo de acción. Se comparó la inhibición de la vasoconstricción tras la incubación durante 30 minutos con extracto 100 mg/mL y con captopril 10 µM. Principales medidas de resultados: Porcentaje de vasodilatación y de vasoconstricción. Resultados: Se obtuvo una vasodilatación de 7,20 ± 1,49%, 9,84 ± 1,42% y 12,31 ± 1,16% para las dosis de 25, 50 y 100 mg/mL, respectivamente, siendo significativa con la dosis de 100 mg/mL. La vasodilatación se incrementó tras la administración de ODQ 100 mM. La vasodilatación se inhibió tras la incubación con ODQ 100 mM más nifedipino 5 µM. No se encontró diferencia significativa entre la inhibición de la vasoconstricción con captopril 10µM y extracto a 100 mg/mL. Conclusiones: El extracto hidroalcohólico de hojas de Olea europea, a una dosis de 100 mg/mL, tiene efecto vasodilatador sobre anillos aórticos de ratas, mediado por el bloqueo de canales de calcio; además, posee efecto inhibidor de la

  12. Implicaciones de las moléculas de adhesión celular neural en los efectos del estrés en procesos de aprendizaje y memoria en la rata

    OpenAIRE

    Merino Martín, José Joaquín

    2002-01-01

    Dado que las glicoproteínas denominadas moléculas de adhesión celular neural (NCAM, su forma polisializada, PSA-NCAM, y LI) desempeñan un papel importante en la consolidación de la memoria, se estudió su expresión en diferentes regiones cerebrales, en ratas entrenadas en el paradigma conductual del condicionamiento del miedo al contexto, bajo diferentes niveles de estrés intrínseco (ligado a la tarea de aprendizaje), y a diferentes tiempos post-entremamiento (12 y 24 horas). También se estudi...

  13. Efecto antiinflamatorio del extracto hidroalcohólico de Oenothera rosea (Yawar Socco) en ratas con inducción a la inflamación aguda y crónica

    OpenAIRE

    Villena N, César A.; Arroyo A., Jorge L.

    2014-01-01

    El presente estudio de diseño experimental tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto antiinflamatorio de Oenothera rosea (Yawar socco) en ratas con inducción de inflamación aguda y crónica. La planta fue secada a 38°C en estufa de aire circulante, se molió, y maceró con etanol/agua (70:30)1. Para evaluar el efecto agudo, se utilizó el modelo experimental de Winter, edema subplantar inducido con carragenina y el edema auricular inducido con xilol. Para la actividad antiinflamatoria crónica se us...

  14. Comparación entre dos biomodelos murinos (ratones Balb/c y ratas Sprague Dawley en el ensayo de micronúcleos transplacentarios Comparison between two murine biomodles (Balb/c mice and Sprague Dawley rats in a transplacental micronucleus assay

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Francisco Arencibia Arrebola

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: comparar fetos de ratones Balb/c y ratas Sprague Dawley como biomodelos en el ensayo de micronúcleos transplacentarios, determinando la frecuencia espontánea e inducida, y vincular el efecto genotóxico y reproductivo. Métodos: se formaron tres grupos experimentales/especie: control negativo (simulacro, control solvente NaCl (0,9 % y ciclofosfamida 50 mg/kg. Todos los grupos se administraron por vía intraperitoneal los días 14, 15 y 16 de la gestación, y 24 h después de la última inoculación en ratones y 48 h en ratas se procedió a realizar la eutanasia de las gestantes, para obtener las muestras de hígado fetal. Resultados: los fetos de ratas Sprague Dawley demostraron tener menores índices de citotoxicidad y de genotoxicidad, y se obtuvieron los resultados más bajos de micronúcleos endógenos. Los mejores resultados de inducción de citotoxicidad y genotoxicidad por la alta formación de micronúcleos con ciclofosfamida fueron en fetos de ratas Sprague Dawley, los que resultaron más susceptibles al daño genotóxico de este mutágeno. Se corroboró el poder clastogénico transplacentario de la ciclofosfamida, vinculando este ensayo de genotoxicidad a toxicología de la reproducción. Conclusiones: los resultados sugieren el mejor uso de fetos de ratas Sprague Dawley como biomodelo en este ensayo cuando es utilizada la ciclofosfamida como control positivo por la vía y dosis estudiada; además, se pudieran utilizar en la evaluación de nuevas drogas con carácter antigenotóxico por vía transplacentaria.Objectives: to compare fetuses from Balb/c mice and Sprague Dawley rats as biomodels in transplacental micronuclei assay and to determine the spontaneous and induced frequency to link the genotoxic and reproductive effect. Methods: three experimental groups by species were formed: a negative control (simulation, NaCl (0.9 % solvent control and 50 mg/kg cyclophosphamide. All the groups were intraperitoneally administered

  15. Ebola Virus and Marburg Virus

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ebola virus and Marburg virus Overview Ebola virus and Marburg virus are related viruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers — illnesses marked by severe bleeding (hemorrhage), organ failure and, in many ...

  16. Crescimento e parâmetros reprodutivos de ratas Wistar, em restrição alimentar desde o nascimento - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v30i2.3623 Growth and reproductive parameters of female Wistar rats under food restriction since birth - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v30i3.3623

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Camila Montoro Mazeti

    2008-05-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o desenvolvimento de ratas Wistar, submetidas à restrição alimentar desde o nascimento, investigando algumas alterações quantitativas e funcionais resultantes desta deficiência. A restrição alimentar foi imposta por duplicação do tamanho da ninhada experimental (grupo-restrição, 12 filhotes em relação à ninhada-controle (grupo-controle, seis filhotes durante a lactação, e por redução de 50% no alimento ofertado desde o desmame até os 90 dias de idade. As ratas do grupo-restrição, comparadas às do grupo-controle, apresentaram crescimento ponderal e linear inferior, menor peso de órgãos e depósitos abdominais de gordura pouco desenvolvidos e retardo na idade da abertura vaginal. Por outro lado, seu crescimento prosseguiu por todo o período de 90 dias. Após o cruzamento, as ratas do grupo-controle tiveram ninhadas numerosas, enquanto nenhuma das ratas do grupo-restrição emprenhou. Concluiu-se que a restrição alimentar, durante e após a lactação, interferiu negativamente no desenvolvimento corporal das ratas, retardou o início da puberdade, indicado pela idade da abertura vaginal, comprometeu o crescimento dos órgãos internos e a deposição de gordura, e impediu a concepção.This work had the purpose of characterizing the development of female Wistar rats subjected to food restriction since birth, investigating some quantitative and functional changes resulting from this deficiency. Food restriction was imposed through duplication of the litter size (restriction group, 12 pups relative to the control litter (control group, six pups during lactation, and through reduction in 50% of the food supplied from weaning to 90 days of age. The female rats of the restriction group, when compared to the controls, had smaller linear and ponderal growth, lower organ weight and poorly developed abdominal fat deposits, and delayed vaginal opening. On the other hand, their growth

  17. Determinación de metabolitos secundarios en Physalis angulata (L) 1758 "mullaca" y su importancia en el efecto hipoglucemiante en Rattus norvegicus "rata albina", Iquitos - Perú;

    OpenAIRE

    Donayre Ramirez, Marjorie Raquel; Carrasco Montañez, Daniel Diomedes

    2013-01-01

    El presente trabajo se desarrolló en el laboratorio de Química Analítica de la Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP) y en el Instituto de Medicina Tradicional (IMET) de la Ciudad de !quitos - Perú. Se evaluó la actividad hipoglucemiante de los extractos, etanólico y metanólico de raíz, tallo y hoja de Physalis angulata (Linneo) "mullaca", en ratas albinas machos Rattus norvegicus cepa Holtzman, previa inducción de un estado de hiperglicemia con alloxano al 5% (125mg/kg de masa co...

  18. Longitud del ciclo estral en ratas Sprague Dawley tratadas in útero con extracto de Roystonea regia Estrus cycle length in Sprague Dawley rats in uterus using Roystonea regia extract

    OpenAIRE

    Ariadne Gutiérrez Martínez; Rafael Gámez Menéndez; Balia Pardo Acosta; Gisela Marrero Cofiño

    2009-01-01

    El D-004 consiste en una mezcla de ácidos grasos que inhibe significativamente la hiperplasia prostática inducida por testosterona en roedores. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evidenciar los posibles efectos adversos sobre el ciclo estral de hembras F1 expuestas in útero al D-004. Se utilizaron ratas Sprague Dawley, distribuidas aleatoriamente en 4 grupos: un control y 3 tratados con D-004 a las dosis de 500, 750 y 1 000 mg/kg; las hembras recibieron la administración de la dosis por vía...

  19. Efecto de la reinfección sobre la evolución de ratas infectadas con Trypanosoma cruzi Effect of reinfection on the evolution of rats infected with Trypanosoma cruzi

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    Silvia Revelli

    1990-08-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue comprobar si una de las variables medio-ambientales, la reinfección, puede modificar el comportamiento observado en un modelo de rata a nivel de parasitemia, anticuerpos séricos, manifestaciones electrocardiográficas y/o lesión miocárdica. Los grupos experimentales fueron: GI: ratas infectadas al destete con 1 x 10(6 T. cruzi; GR: igual a GI más reinfecciones cada 30 días hasta los 150 días post-infección inicial (p.i.i.; GI1 ratas de 51 días infectadas; GT: testigos. Se detectó parasitemia alta en GI y GR hasta los 20 días p.i.i. tendiendo a negativizarse al día 30. En GR no se observaron parásitos despúes del primer reinóculo, resistencia que no es debida sólo a la mayor edad del huésped pués hubo parasitemia en GI1. Los xenodiagnósticos fueron negativos en los tres grupos. Los anticuerpos séricos no se modificaron significativamente en GR respecto de GI, salvo en los anticuerpos 7S, pues los del GR presentaron títulos superiores en algunos de los días estudiados. Los ECG basales no mostraron cambios distintivos en las ratas infectadas. La prueba de ajmalina mostró una disminución de la FC independiente del tratamiento; el PR, QaT y QRS se prolongaron significativamente en todos los grupos respecto del basal (p The present study was undertaken in order to demonstrate that reinfection could modify parasitemia, serum antibodies, electrocardiographic patterns and/or myocardial lesions already observed in a rat model. Experimental groups IG: rats infected at weaning with 1 x 10(6 T. cruzi; RG: same as IG plus reinoculations each 30 days until completion on day 150; IG1: 51 day old infected rats; C: controls. A high parasitemia was detected in IG and RG until day 20 showing a tendency to become negative on day 30. No parasites were observed in RG after the first reinoculation which could not be attributed to the old age of the host since there was no parasitemia in IG1. Xenodiagnoses were

  20. Effect of rofecoxib on colon chemical carcinogenesis at colonic anastomotic area in the rat Influencia del rofecoxib en la carcinogénesis cólica perianastomótica inducida en ratas

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    J. F. Noguera Aguilar

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Aim: to investigate the effect of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib on the incidence of perianastomotic colonic tumors in a model of chemical carcinogenesis in the rat. Experimental design: experimental study with 45 male Sprague-Dawley rats randomly assigned to one of three groups: control (n = 15 with colocolic anastomosis and chemical carcinogenesis with 1-2 dimethylhydrazine (1-2 DMH; rofecoxib 0.0027% (n = 15 with colonic anastomosis, chemical carcinogenesis and the addition of dietary rofecoxib at doses of 27 parts per million (ppm, and rofecoxib 0.0058% (n = 15 with colonic anastomosis, chemical carcinogenesis and the addition of dietary rofecoxib at doses of 58 ppm. Carcinogenic induction was performed with 1-2 DMH at a weekly dose of 25 mg/kg of weight for 18 weeks, and colonic tumors induced were analyzed in postoperative week 20. The main parameter evaluated was the percentage of colonic neoplastic tissue, which relates tumor surface area to the colon's surface area. Results: rofecoxib at doses of 2.5 mg/kg or 0.0058 ppm significantly reduced chemical colon carcinogenesis in rats, both in the perianastomotic area and the rest of the colon (p Objetivo: investigar el efecto de un inhibidor selectivo de la ciclooxigenasa-2, rofecoxib, en la incidencia de tumores cólicos perianastomóticos en un modelo de carcinogénesis farmacológica en ratas. Diseño experimental: estudio experimental con 45 ratas Sprague-Dawley macho, asignadas aleatoriamente a uno de los tres grupos: control (n = 15, con anastomosis colo-cólica y carcinogénesis con 1-2 dimetilhidracina; rofecoxib 0,0027% (n = 15, con anastomosis cólica y carcinogénesis farmacológica y adición de rofecoxib en la dieta a dosis de 27 partes por millón, y rofecoxib 0,0058% (n = 15, con anastomosis, carcinogénesis y adición de rofecoxib en la dieta a dosis de 58 ppm. La inducción carcinogénica se realizó con 1-2 DMH a dosis semanal de 25 mg/kg de peso

  1. Pinealectomia em ratas Wistar (Rattus norvegicus albinus: descrição de um novo método cirúrgico

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    F.R.N.F. Burgos

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available A necessidade de manejo adequado antes, durante e após a implementação de procedimentos em animais de laboratório é essencial para proporcionar bem-estar. Portanto, no presente trabalho, objetivou-se padronizar uma nova técnica de pinealectomia em ratas Wistar. Trinta fêmeas nulíparas aos 90 dias de idade foram submetidas à anestesia dissociativa. Após a tricotomia e a assepsia, realizou-se uma incisão na linha média dorsal da cabeça. Com um micromotor e uma broca de aço PM 03, realizou-se a craniotomia; a glândula pineal foi removida por intermédio de um fórceps cápsula arruga. Em seguida, o fragmento ósseo foi recolocado em seu lugar de origem, e a pele aproximada por pontos simples. Finalizado o procedimento cirúrgico, foi realizada antibioticoterapia e soroterapia parenteral. O acompanhamento diário dos animais não evidenciou nenhum comprometimento da ferida operatória com padrão de cicatrização por primeira intenção. Os animais apresentaram normalidade de atos fisiológicos, como alimentação, defecação e micção, assim como socialização com o grupo. Técnicas cirúrgicas vêm sendo realizadas com o desenvolvimento das pesquisas envolvendo a glândula pineal. A técnica ideal para pinealectomia consiste no pouco sangramento, na curta duração da cirurgia e na nitidez da glândula pineal, diminuindo a probabilidade de acidentes neurológicos. Considerando-se os resultados obtidos ao longo do desenvolvimento experimental e clínico, o aprimoramento da técnica cirúrgica utilizando a broca PM03 associada ao fórceps cápsula arruga foi exímio na pesquisa científica da pinealectomia de ratas Wistar em virtude da rapidez e praticidade alcançadas. Tem-se a perspectiva de que este artigo sirva de subsídio para o aprimoramento e a otimização do modelo experimental para posteriores estudos acerca de pesquisas com a glândula pineal e, assim, maior compreensão de sua complexidade sobre todos os sistemas do

  2. PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD MELALUI METODE EKSPERIMEN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XI IPA 1 SMAN 5 METRO

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    Wari Prastiti

    2016-03-01

    Hasil penelitian adalah: (1 Terjadi peningkatan rata-rata aktivitas siswa dari siklus I sampai siklus III dengan nilai rata – rata aktivitas siswa pada siklus I adalah 70,3 % tergolong cukup aktif, nilai rata-rata aktivitas pada siklus II adalah 74,4 % tergolong cukup aktif, dan nilai rata – rata aktivitas siswa pada siklus III adalah 84,0 % tergolong aktif, (2  Terjadi penurunan rata – rata hasil belajar siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II. Dengan nilai rata – rata hasil belajar siswa sebesar 78 pada siklus II menjadi 52 pada siklus III, (3 Terjadi peningkatan rata – rata  hasil belajar siswa dari nilai 52 siklus II menjadi 88 siklus III. Dengan demikian Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Student Teams Achievment Division (STAD Melalui Metode Eksperimen berhasil untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa.

  3. AVALIAÇÃO DO EFEITO DO ESTERÓIDE ANABÓLICO DECANOATO DE NANDROLONA NA MORFOLOGIA DO OVÁRIO DE RATAS ADULTAS

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    Larissa Balbino Zanarotti

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Altas doses de esteróides anabólicos androgênicos são utilizadas, sem indicação terapêutica, por indivíduos que visam aumentar a força muscular e/ou melhorar a aparência física. Entretanto, os efeitos benéficos dessas substâncias no desenvolvimento atlético são questionáveis. Além disso, sabe-se que  esses esteroides podem ter muitos efeitos colaterais. Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a morfologia dos ovários de ratas, diante da administração do esteróide anabólico decanoato de nandrolona. Para isto, foram utilizadas 8 ratas Wistar adultas, divididas equitativamente em dois grupos: controle e experimental. Os animais do grupo experimental receberam por seis semanas consecutivas injeção intramuscular de 6 mg/kg de decanoato de nandrolona (Deca-Durabolin®. Os animais do grupo controle receberam injeção intramuscular de solução salina (0,9%. Seis horas antes da eutanásia os animais receberam injeção intramuscular de colchicina (0,10mg/100g do peso para a visualização das mitoses.  Após a eutanásia foram retiradas as gônadas para a análise histológica em microscopia de luz. Os dados obtidos demonstraram que houve um aumento significante da massa corpórea nos animais do grupo experimental. Para estudo morfométrico, os cortes histológicos foram observados e analisados por meio de programa IS CAPTURE IMAGING APPLICATION, CÂMERATUCSEN USB 2.0 H SERIES, que mostraram aumento na espessura da camada da granulosa, no número de células do cumulus oophorus , bem como o aumento no número de células em metáfase. Além disso, núcleos picnóticos foram observados no interior do antro folicular. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo sugeriram que o tratamento androgênico possa alterar o desenvolvimento e a estrutura de folículos ovarianos.

  4. Efeitos da betametasona sobre os fetos e placentas da rata albina Effects of betamethasone on the fetuses and placentas of female albino rats

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    Eduardo de Souza

    2001-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: analisar os efeitos da betametasona sobre o binômio materno-fetal da rata albina. Métodos: utilizamos 60 ratas albinas prenhes divididas ao acaso em três grupos numericamente iguais. As ratas do grupo I foram tratadas com betametasona na dose de 1 mg/kg de peso em 0,5 ml de água destilada, por via intramuscular no 11º, 12º, 18º e 19º dia de prenhez; as do grupo II receberam 0,5 ml de água destilada, por via intramuscular no 11º, 12º, 18º e 19º dia de prenhez, e as do grupo III não receberam qualquer fármaco ou veículo. O ganho de peso das matrizes foi avaliado nos dias 0, 7, 14 e 20 de prenhez, sendo que no 20º dia todos os animais foram sacrificados por decapitação. Foram quantificados o número de implantações, de reabsorções, de fetos, de placentas, de malformações maiores, de mortalidade materna e fetal, assim como o peso dos fetos e das placentas. Resultados: nossos resultados revelaram que as matrizes tratadas com betametasona apresentaram menor ganho de peso. Quanto aos fetos e as placentas do grupo tratado, observamos que os pesos foram inferiores aos dos outros grupos. A média de peso dos fetos foi de 3,20 g contra 3,75 g no grupo controle. A média de peso das placentas foi de 0,36 g no grupo tratado com betametasona contra 0,48 g no grupo controle. Todas estas diferenças foram estatisticamente significantes. Conclusões: a betametasona apresenta efeito negativo sobre o ganho de peso das matrizes, fetos e placentas, quando administrada de forma repetitiva a partir da segunda metade da prenhez.Purpose: to analyze the effect of betamethasone on the pregnancy of rats. Methods: thirty pregnant rats were divided into three groups of ten animals each. Group I -- the animals received betamethasone IM (1 mg/kg body weight, in 0.5 ml distilled water on the 11th, 12th, 18th and 19th day of pregnancy. Group II -- the rats received distilled water (0.5 ml IM on the 11th, 12th, 18th and 19th day of pregnancy

  5. Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark

    2014-01-01

    Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been licensed for >50 years, the influenza virus continues to cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. Constant evolution of circulating influenza virus strains and the emergence of new strains diminishes the effectiveness of annual vaccines that rely on a match with circulating influenza strains. Thus, there is a continued need for new, efficacious vaccines conferring cross-clade protection to avoid the need for biannual reformulation of seasonal influenza vaccines. Recombinant virus-vectored vaccines are an appealing alternative to classical inactivated vaccines because virus vectors enable native expression of influenza antigens, even from virulent influenza viruses, while expressed in the context of the vector that can improve immunogenicity. In addition, a vectored vaccine often enables delivery of the vaccine to sites of inductive immunity such as the respiratory tract enabling protection from influenza virus infection. Moreover, the ability to readily manipulate virus vectors to produce novel influenza vaccines may provide the quickest path toward a universal vaccine protecting against all influenza viruses. This review will discuss experimental virus-vectored vaccines for use in humans, comparing them to licensed vaccines and the hurdles faced for licensure of these next-generation influenza virus vaccines. PMID:25105278

  6. Cyclophosphamide effect on paracoccidioidomycosis in the rat Efecto de la ciclofosfamida en ratas con paracoccidioidomicosis

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    J. L. Blejer

    1995-06-01

    Full Text Available Paracoccidioidomycosis is an endemic fungal disease widely distributed throughout Latin America. The potent immunosuppressor cyclophosphamide (CY has been used to modulate host immune response to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in an experimental model. Inbred male Buffalo/Sim rats weighing 250-300 g were inoculated with 5 x 10(6 P. brasiliensis cells of the yeast phase form by intracardiac route. One group of animals was treated with 20 mg/kg body weight at days +4, +5, +6, +7, +11 and +12 post-infection (pi., while a control group was infected alone. No mortality was recorded in either group. Treated rats presented: a a decrease in granuloma size, which contained less fungal cells; b a lack of specific antibodies up to 35 days pi., and c a significant increase in the footpad swelling test (DTH against paracoccidioidin. Splenic cell transfer from CY-treated P. brasiliensis-infected donors to recipients infected alone led to a significant increase in DTH response in the latter versus untreated infected controls. Likewise, in treated infected recipients transferred with untreated infected donor spleen cells, footpad swelling proved greater than in controls. Thus, it would seem that each successive suppressor T lymphocyte subset belonging to the respective cascade may be sensitive to repeated CY doses administered up to 12 days pi.. Alternatively, such CY schedule may induce the appearance of a T cell population capable of amplifying DTH response.La paracoccidioidomicosis es una enfermedad endémica fúngica ampliamente distribuida en Latino-América. La ciclofosfamida ha sido usada como potente inmunosupresor para modular la respuesta inmune, en un modelo experimental infectado con Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Ratas machos Buffalo/Sim endocriadas de 250-300 gr. de peso, fueron inoculadas por via intracardiaca con 5.10 6 células de P. brasiliensis en fase levaduriforme. Un grupo de animales fue tratado con 20 mg/kg de peso de ciclofosfamida en

  7. Efecto protector en cirrosis hepática inducida en ratas del extracto etanólico de las hojas de Piper aduncum comparado con silimarina

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    Jorge Arroyo

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia protectora del extracto etanólico de hojas de Piper aduncum (matico y su fitomedicamento en cápsulas, en la cirrosis hepática inducida en ratas. Diseño: Experimental. Lugar: Facultad Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Hojas de Piper aduncum, y Rattus norvegicus, cepa Holtzman. Intervenciones: Las hojas fueron recolectadas en el distrito de Huariaca, departamento de Pasco. El fitomedicamento en cápsulas se preparó a partir del extracto etanólico de la planta. La cirrosis fue inducida con fenobarbital 0,5 mg/mL, diluida en el agua de beber por 15 días, y luego, tetracloruro de carbono 0,2mL/kg en aceite de oliva 1:1, oralmente por 7 días. Se colectó una muestra de sangre para determinar perfil hepático y malondialdehído; los animales fueron sacrificados extrayéndose el hígado para estudio histopatológico. Los datos fueron evaluados mediante técnicas multivariadas, con valor p < 0,05. Principales medidas de resultados: Grado de lesión hepática, marcadores bioquímicos, estrés oxidativo. Resultados: El extracto y el fitomedicamento a 200 mg/kg disminuyeron los valores de TGP (p < 0,621, bilirrubina total (p < 0,385 y bilirrubina directa (p < 0,283 e incrementaron las proteínas totales (p < 0,539 y albúmina (p < 0,114, similar al grupo silimarina. El colágeno, la fibrosis y el nivel de daño hepático se vieron aumentados con tetracloruro de carbono; estos indicadores se redujeron con los diferentes tratamientos y la silimarina. El marcador de estrés oxidativo se redujo con los tratamientos aplicados (p < 0,002. Conclusiones: El extracto etanólico de las hojas de Piper aduncum (matico y su fitomedicamento ejercieron efecto protector de la cirrosis inducida en ratas, comparativamente con la silimarina.

  8. Conducta alimentaria y perfil glucémico en dos líneas de ratas con diabetes genética: eSS y eSMT.

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    Silvana Marisa Montenegro

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. La alimentación puede agravar la diabetes de humanos y modelos animales. Entre ellos, la rata eSMT presenta un curso más exacerbado y mayor biomasa que la línea parental eSS. Objetivo. Estudiar la conducta alimentaria de ratas macho eSMT y eSS ante oferta ilimitada y bajo restricción alternada, analizando su incidencia sobre el peso y la glucemia. Materiales y métodos. Se registró el consumo ad libitum en etapas de crecimiento y mantenimiento. Un grupo de eSMT recibió durante 5 semanas a partir del destete, una dieta restringida intermitente seguida de oferta ilimitada, y otro fue restringido hasta el año de edad, midiéndose el peso y el perfil glucémico en distintas edades. Resultados. Durante el crecimiento, eSMT aumentó de peso más que eSS con ingestas similares, y en la etapa de mantenimiento sustentó mayor biomasa con menor consumo. La restricción intermitente posterior al destete indujo un patrón de crecimiento más lento y menor peso adulto. A los 5 meses presentaron valores de G0 normales (85±12 mg/dl y los controles mostraron cifras alteradas (119±14 mg/dl. En los animales restringidos la posterior oferta ilimitada produjo glucemias de ayuno compatibles con diabetes (163±25 mg/dl y un incremento ponderado 75% superior a los alimentados ad libitum. Conclusión. La alternancia prolongada hambre-saciedad indujo en eSMT desaceleración de su metabolopatía mientras que la realimentación se asoció con incrementos superiores de peso y glucemia, atribuibles a un aumento de la eficiencia de conversión inducida por el ayuno. Estos resultados enfatizan la importancia de mejorar el conocimiento sobre las relaciones entre crecimiento, alimentación y diabetes.

  9. Efectos de la cocaína sobre los niveles de y-aminobutirato, glutamato y aspartato en el núcleo accumbens e hipocampo de rata

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    Rafael A. Ulloque

    2001-09-01

    Full Text Available Se estudiaron los efectos agudos y crónicos de la cocaína sobre los niveles de y-aminobutirato (GABA, glutamato y aspartato en el núcleo accumbens e hipocampo de ratas, para lo cual se administró cocaína en forma aguda y crónica (intraperitoneal a grupos de ratas. El primer grupo recibió 30 mglkg; la administración crónica se inició con 30 mg/kg y se incrementaron 5 mg/kg cada cuatro dias durante 20 días. Los grupos controles recibieron el respectivo volumen de solución salina, por la misma vía y por el tiempo respectivo. A los 30 minutos de administrada la cocaína en forma aguda y 24 horas después de la última dosis crónica, los animales fueron decapitados, los cerebros separados rápidamente del cráneo y colocados en solución salina normal a O OC durante 10 minutos. Posteriormente, se tomaron muestras del núcleo accumbens y del hipocampo. Se procedió igual con los grupos controles. Los niveles de GABA, glutamato y aspartato se determinaron utilizando técnicas enzimáticas y medidas espectrofotométricas. Los resultados muestran que la administración aguda o crónica de cocaína incrementa significativamente el glutamato y el aspartato tanto en el núcleo accumbens como en el hipocampo. Además, se observó un descenso significativo del GABA con la administración crónica. Estos resultados experimentales sustentan la hipótesis de que la administración de cocaína produce efectos excitadores, posiblemente, a través del incremento de las actividades glutaaspartatérgicas o a través de una disminución de actividad GABAérgica en el núcleo accumbens y en el hipocampo.

  10. Avaliação tomográfica e tensiométrica de fêmures de ratas ooforectomizadas submetidas à terapia de reposição hormonal Tomografic and tensiometric assessment of femurs of oophorectomized rats submitted to hormone replacement therapy

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    Fábio Alexandre Martynetz

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos da TRH na avaliação biomecânica e tomográfica dos fêmures de ratas submetidas à menopausa induzida. MÉTODOS: Foram divididas igualmente em três grupos 45 ratas Wistar adultas. O primeiro e o segundo constituíram-se de ratas ooforectomizadas e o terceiro, o grupo controle, de ratas não ooforectomizadas. Após a constatação da falência hormonal (citologia esfoliativa. somente o primeiro grupo recebeu TRH, durante dois meses. Após esse período, os fêmures foram desarticulados e submetidos a testes biomecânicos através de máquina universal de ensaios para avaliação da resistência e submetidos a tomografia para determinação da densidade óssea. RESULTADOS: A citologia esfoliativa demonstrou indução de falência hormonal em todos os animais ooforectomizados. Notou-se diferença significante (p = 0,030 entre os grupos ao se mensurar a força máxima de resistência, maior no grupo que recebeu TRH. Observou-se maior fragilidade óssea nos animais ooforectomizados sem TRH quando comparados com os com TRH (p = 0,010 em relação ao grupo controle (p = 0,0107. Houve aumento da resistência óssea nas ratas ooforectomizadas com TRH em relação às sem TRH e valores semelhantes aos do grupo controle (p = 0,179. Na avaliação tomográfica, não se encontraram diferenças significantes entre os grupos (p = 0,625. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se aumento significativo da resistência óssea com a utilização de TRH. No entanto, o tratamento com TRH não apresentou alteração significante da densidade mineral óssea.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on the biomechanical and tomographic evaluation of femurs of rats submitted to induced menopause. METHODS: Forty-five adult Wistar rats were divided equally into three groups. The first and second groups consisted of rats submitted to oophorectomy, and the third was the control group, consisting of non-oophorectomized rates. After

  11. El tratamiento con pioglitazona modifica la participación de derivados de la Ciclooxigenasa-2 y de especies reactivas de oxígeno en la respuesta a fenilefrina de arterias de resistencia de ratas hipertensas

    OpenAIRE

    Hernanz, R; Martín, A; Pérez-Girón, JV; Avendaño, MS; Roque, FR; Palacios, R; Salaices, M; Alonso, MJ

    2009-01-01

    Los receptores activadores de la proliferación peroxisomal-¿ (PPAR¿) son factores de transcripción expresados en la pared vascular con actividad cardioprotectora. Además, las glitazonas, agonistas PPAR¿, tienen acciones antiinflamatorias asociadas a la interferencia con factores de transcripción redox-sensibles como NF-kappaB, implicados en la transcripción de diversos genes, incluyendo la isoforma inducible de la ciclooxigenasa (COX-2) Objetivo: Analizar el efecto del tratamiento de ratas es...

  12. Remodelamento miocárdico após grandes infartos converte potenciação pós-pausa em decaimento da força em ratos Miocárdio remodelado después de grandes infartos en ratas convierte potenciación post-pausa en disminucion de la fuerza Myocardial remodeling after large infarcts in rat converts post rest-potentiation in force decay

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    Danilo Sales Bocalini

    2012-03-01

    : Nuestro objetivo fue estudiar el comportamiento de la CPP y sus mecanismos subyacentes en Ratas con infarto de miocardio. MÉTODOS: Seis semanas después de la oclusión coronaria, la contractilidad de los Músculos Papilares (MP obtenidos a partir de Ratas sometidos a falsa cirurgia (C, n = 17, con infarto moderado (MMI, n = 10 y gran infarto (LMI, n = 14, fue evaluada después de pausas de estímulos de 10 a 60 segundos antes y después de la incubación con cloruro de litio (Li+ en substitución del cloruro de sodio o rianodina (Ry. La expresión proteica de SR Ca(2+-ATPasa (SERCA2, intercambiador Na+/Ca2+ (NCX, fosfolamban (PLB y fosfo-Ser (16-PLB fue analizada por Western blotting. RESULTADOS: Los Ratas MMI presentaron potenciación de CPP reducida en comparación a los Ratas C. En oposición a la potenciación normal para Ratas C, fueron observadas decaimientos de fuerza post-reposo en los músculos de Ratas LMI. Además de eso, la Ry bloqueó la decaimiento o potenciación de PRC observada en Ratas LMI y C; el Li+ inhibió el NCX y convirtió la decaimiento en potenciación de CPP en Ratas LMI. Aunque los Ratas MMI y LMI hayan presentado disminución en el SERCA2 (72 ± 7% y 47 ± 9% de Ratas control, respectivamente y expresión proteica de fosfo-Ser16-PLB (75 ± 5% y 46 ± 11%, respectivamente, la superexpresión del NCX (175 ± 20% sólo fue observada en los músculos de Ratas LMI. CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros resultados mostraron, por primera vez, que el remodelado miocárdico post-IAM en Ratas puede cambiar la potenciación regular para decaimiento post-reposo, afectando las proteínas de manejo del Ca(2+ en miocitos.BACKGROUND: Post-rest contraction (PRC of cardiac muscle provides indirect information about the intracellular calcium handling. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to study the behavior of PRC, and its underlying mechanisms, in rats with myocardial infarction. METHODS: Six weeks after coronary occlusion, the contractility of papillary muscles (PM obtained from sham

  13. Análise histomorfométrica dos cardiomiócitos e deposição de colágeno no músculo cardíaco de ratas ooforectomizadas

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    Maria C.R. Silva

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Resumo: Esse estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da ooforectomia sob os parâmetros histomorfométricos dos cardiomiócitos e quantificação de colágeno em ratas Wistar. Vinte ratas foram utilizadas e separadas em dois grupos: GI - ooforectomizada e GII - sham-ooforectomizada. Após a recuperação anestésica os animais foram acomodados em gaiolas e separados nas condições de ciclo claro/escuro 12/12h por um período de 6 meses. Passado o período experimental, os animais foram anestesiados, o coração retirado e mergulhado em formaldeído a 10%. Os fragmentos dos ventrículos foram submetidos ao processamento histológico e corados com hematoxilina e eosina. As análises histomorfométricas (área celular e área e volume nuclear foram realizadas pelo microscópio de luz e software ImageJ versão 1.44. Os dados foram submetidos à análise ANOVA e quando significantes, complementados pelo teste t de student (p<0,001. Observou-se uma diminuição significativa das áreas celular e nuclear dos cardiomiócitos do grupo GI quando comparado ao grupo GII, bem como a área ocupada, pelo colágeno, no músculo cardíaco foi maior em GI, quando comparado a GII. Diante disso, conclui-se que as alterações observadas nos cardiomiócitos do grupo GI, sugerem uma maior atividade apoptótica nesse grupo, devido à diminuição dos níveis séricos do estrógeno provocado pela ooforectomia e o aumento da área ocupada pelo colágeno, no grupo ooforectomizado, está associada ao efeito cardioprotetor do estrógeno.

  14. Efeitos das isoflavonas sobre o miométrio de ratas adultas Effects of isoflavones on the adult rat myometrium

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    Rejane Mosquette

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar as alterações no miométrio de ratas após o tratamento com isoflavonas, comparando-as às dos estrogênios, por técnicas histológicas e morfométricas. MÉTODOS: 28 ratas adultas castradas foram divididas, ao acaso, em quatro grupos que receberam: GPropi propilenoglicol; GExtr10 - extrato de soja (10 mg/kg por dia; GExtr300 - extrato de soja (300 mg/kg por dia e GEce - estrogênios conjugados eqüinos (Ece - 200 µg/kg por dia. Após 21 dias de tratamento, todos os animais foram sacrificados, os úteros retirados e pesados, e fragmentos dos cornos uterinos foram coletados e fixados em formol a 10% e processados para inclusão em parafina. Os cortes histológicos foram corados pela hematoxilina e eosina e examinados em microscópio acoplado a analisador de imagens para avaliação da espessura, número de vasos sanguíneos e de eosinófilos no miométrio. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA, seguida pelo teste de comparações múltiplas de Tukey-Kramer. RESULTADOS: as isoflavonas, na concentração de 300 mg/kg, induziram aumento significante na espessura do miométrio (GExtr300=25,6±5,0 mm em relação ao controle (GPropi=5,5±0,5 mm. O efeito desta alta é comparável ao efeito dos estrogênios (GEce=27,5±7,9 mm. Em doses baixas (10 mg/kg, os valores foram similares ao controle. Além disso, as isoflavonas (GExtr300 induziram aumento no número de vasos sangüíneos (GExtr300=10,2±3,6/mm²; GPropi=3,5±1,6 vasos/mm² e de eosinófilos (GExtr300=4,3±0,9; GPropi=0,15±0,01 eosinófilos/mm², igualmente comparáveis aos efeitos obtidos pelo tratamento com Ece (GEce=9,2±1,1 eosinophils/mm². CONCLUSÃO: as isoflavonas em doses altas (300 mg/kg por dia, durante 21 dias têm efeito proliferativo no miométrio de ratas, semelhante ao dos estrogênios.PURPOSE: to evaluate histomorphometric changes in the rat myometrium upon treatment with isoflavones, as compared with estrogens, using

  15. Caracterización del apego materno en ratas wistar y sprague dawley

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    Norma A. Moy-López

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Después del parto, las señales sensoriales que emiten las crías contribuyen al establecimiento de la conducta maternal (CM y la formación del apego materno (AM, entendido éste último como "la capacidad conductual y emocional de formar un vínculo selectivo, único y duradero de la cría hacia la madre y viceversa" [1]. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue sistematizar y caracterizar el AM en dos cepas de ratas (Rattus novergicus: Wistar (W y Sprague Dawley (SD. Se registró la frecuencia en las conductas de transporte, búsqueda, olfateo, limpieza de las madres antes, durante y después de la gestación (n= 5/cepa, encontrando diferencias significativas entre cepas sólo en la fase de gestación (Z = 2.19, P<0.05. El AM fue clasificado como alto y bajo con base a la frecuencia de conductas de madre hacia las crías y viceversa (promedio ± 1 DE. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el sexo y tipo de AM; sin embargo, la cepa SD mostró una tendencia de preferencia hacia los machos para el apego alto y hacia las hembras para el apego bajo. Al analizar el vínculo madre-cría, en la cepa W se encontró una correlación positiva entre CM y conducta de búsqueda de las crías hacia la madre (r = 0.91, mientras que en la SD la correlación es baja (r = -0.42. Estos datos muestran que en la cepa W el vínculo madre-crías se puede identificar con mayor claridad y que el protocolo diseñado para la evaluación del AM es sensible a las variaciones naturales de la CM por camada y por cepa.

  16. Evaluación de la toxicidad a dosis repetidas (90 días) por vía oral del concentrado de proteína de pota (Dosidicus gigas), en ratas Sprague dawley

    OpenAIRE

    Rojas Hurtado, Daniel Percy

    2009-01-01

    Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Tecnología de Alimentos El potencial tóxico de un concentrado de proteína de calamar gigante (Dosidicus gigas) fue evaluado mediante el estudio de toxicidad de dosis repetidas a 90 días en ratas Sprague Dawley de ambos sexos. Los métodos empleados fueron los descritos por las normas OECD (1998). Se administró por vía oral la dosis de 500, 1000 y 2000 mg/kg/día durante 13 semanas. Se evaluaron los signos tóxicos y peso...

  17. Morfologia das células intersticiais de ovários policísticos de ratas: um estudo experimental Morphology of the interstitial cells of rat polycystic ovaries: an experimental study

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    Leonardo Augusto Lombardi

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a histomorfometria das células intersticiais dos ovários, bem como analisar a concentração sanguínea de esteroides sexuais de ratas portadoras de ovários policísticos induzidos pela luz contínua. MÉTODOS: Vinte ratas foram divididas em dois grupos: ratas na fase de estro (GCtrl e ratas portadoras de ovários policísticos induzidos pela iluminação contínua (GOP. Os animais do GCtrl permaneceram com período de luz das 7:00 s 19:00 horas, e os animais do GOP, com iluminação contínua (400 Lux, durante um período de 60 dias. Ao final desse período todos os animais foram anestesiados, foi coletado o sangue, para determinação dos níveis séricos de estradiol (E2, progesterona (P4 e testosterona (T, seguido da retirada dos ovários que foram fixados em formol a 10% e processados para inclusão em parafina. Cortes histológicos com 5 µm corados pela hematoxilina e eosina foram utilizados para análise histomorfométrica. As análises morfológicas, contagem de cistos, determinação da concentração e do volume nuclear das células intersticiais foram realizadas com o auxílio de microscópio de luz adaptado a uma câmera de alta resolução (AxioCam, cujas imagens foram transmitidas e analisadas em computador com software AxioVision Rel 4.8 (Carl Zeiss. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste t de Student (pGCtrl=73,2±6,5; pGCtrl=80,6±3,9; pGOP=4,2±1,5; pGCtrl=63,6±16,5; pGCtrl=6,9±3,2; pPURPOSES: To evaluate the histomorphometry of ovarian interstitial cells, as well as the blood sex steroid concentrations of female rats with polycystic ovaries induced by continuous light. METHODS: Twenty female rats were divided into two groups: Control Group - in the estrous phase (CtrlG, and a group of rats with polycystic ovaries induced by continuous illumination (POG. CtrlG animals were maintained on a light period from 07:00 a.m. to 07:00 p.m., and POG animals with continuous illumination (400 Lux for 60 days

  18. Ação crônica do napsilato de propoxifeno na prenhez da rata Chronic effects of propoxyphene napsylate on pregnant rats

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    Eliane T. R. Mendes

    1998-03-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar os efeitos do napsilato de propoxifeno sobre a prenhez da rata albina. Para tanto utilizamos 50 ratas prenhes divididas ao acaso em cinco grupos iguais. Todas receberam diariamente, por gavagem, o volume de 1 ml, desde os dias 0 (zero até o 20 de prenhez, com as seguintes características: grupo I - somente água destilada (controle; grupo II - solução aquosa de acácia 2% (veículo; grupos III, IV e V - respectivamente, 5, 15 e 45 mg/kg de peso de napsilato de propoxifeno dissolvido em solução de acácia a 2%. Os pesos maternos foram anotados nos dias 0 (zero, 7, 14 e 20 de prenhez; no 20º dia as matrizes foram sacrificadas. Nossos resultados mostraram que os animais tratados com 45 mg/kg do fármaco apresentaram redução dos pesos individuais dos fetos como também dos pesos das ninhadas e das placentas. Quanto às outras variáveis apreciadas: número de reabsorções, de implantações e de placentas não houve diferença significante entre os grupos tratados em relação ao grupo controle.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of propoxyphene napsylate on the pregnancy of the rat. We used fifty pregnant rats divided into five groups. All the animals received daily 1 ml of the solution by gavage from day 0 to the 20th day of pregnancy. Group I - only distilled water (control; group II - aqueous solution of acacia 2% (vehicle; groups III, IV and V - respectively, 5, 15 and 45 mg/kg of weight of propoxyphene napsylate diluted in 2% acacia solution. The animals were weighed on days 0, 7, 14 and 20 of pregnancy. All animals were sacrificed on the 20th day of pregnancy. Our results showed that the animals treated with 45 mg/kg of propoxyphene napsylate presented reduction of the individual weights of the fetuses, as well as of the weights of the newborns and placentas. The difference betewwn number of resorptions, implantations and placentas of the treated groups was shown to be non

  19. Efeitos dos esteroides anabólicos androgênicos sobre o útero e parâmetros reprodutivos de ratas adultas Effects of androgenic anabolic steroids on the uterus and reproductive parameters of adult female rats

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    Isabel Cristina Cherici Camargo

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar os efeitos da administração de dois esteroides sintéticos sobre a morfologia do útero e parâmetros reprodutivos de ratas adultas. MÉTODOS: quarenta ratas foram aleatoriamente distribuídas nos grupos experimentais: controle (C; solução fisiológica; tratados com decanoato de nandrolona (DN; 7,5 mg/kg de peso corpóreo; composto de ésteres de testosterona (T; 7,5 mg/kg de peso corpóreo; e, simultaneamente, com DN e T (7,5 mg/kg de peso corpóreo de cada esteroide, em uma única dose/semana, intraperitoneal, durante oito semanas. Cinco fêmeas de cada grupo foram sacrificadas e os cornos uterinos foram coletados, pesados e preparados para avaliação histológica e morfométrica. As ratas restantes foram acasaladas com machos normais para avaliação dos parâmetros reprodutivos, constituindo os grupos tratados durante o período pré-gestacional. Outro grupo de 20 ratas recebeu os tratamentos durante o período gestacional (7º-14º dias. Foi aplicada a análise de variância não paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis, complementada com o teste de Dunn ou de Student-Newman-Kleus para análise dos dados (5% de significância. RESULTADOS: houve aumento significativo no peso corpóreo das fêmeas androgenizadas (DN: 305±50; T: 280±35; DN+T: 275±30 versus C: 255±22 g (pPURPOSE: to evaluate the effects of the administration of two synthetic steroids in the uterus morphology and in the reproductive parameters of adult female rats. METHODS: divided into four experimental groups: control (C; physiological solution; treated with nandrolone decanoate (DN; 7.5 mg/kg of body weight; with a testosterone esters compound (T; 7.5 mg/kg; and simultaneously with DN and T (7.5 mg/kg of each steroid, in a single intraperitoneal weekly dose, for eight weeks. Five females of each group were sacrificed and the uterine horns were collected, weighted and prepared for histological and morphometrical evaluation. The remaining rats were mated with

  20. Nairobi sheep disease virus/Ganjam virus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    M D, Baron; B, Holzer

    2015-08-01

    Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV) is a tick-borne virus which causes a severe disease in sheep and goats, and has been responsible for several outbreaks of disease in East Africa. The virus is also found in the Indian subcontinent, where it is known as Ganjam virus. The virus only spreads through the feeding of competent infected ticks, and is therefore limited in its geographic distribution by the distribution of those ticks, Rhipicephalus appendiculata in Africa and Haemaphysalis intermedia in India. Animals bred in endemic areas do not normally develop disease, and the impact is therefore primarily on animals being moved for trade or breeding purposes. The disease caused by NSDV has similarities to several other ruminant diseases, and laboratory diagnosis is necessary for confirmation. There are published methods for diagnosis based on polymerase chain reaction, for virus growth in cell culture and for other simple diagnostic tests, though none has been commercialised. There is no established vaccine against NSDV, although cell-culture attenuated strains have been developed which show promise and could be put into field trials if it were deemed necessary. The virus is closely related to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, and studies on NSDV may therefore be useful in understanding this important human pathogen.

  1. Efeitos da terapia estro-raloxifeno sobre o endométrio de ratas Effects of combined estrogen and raloxifene therapy on rat endometrium

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    Alexandre Vieira Santos Moraes

    2006-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar os efeitos dos estrogênios conjugados eqüinos (Ece e do raloxifeno (Ral, isoladamente ou associados, sobre o endométrio de ratas adultas. MÉTODOS: foram utilizadas 56 ratas adultas, ooforectomizadas, divididas aleatoriamente em sete grupos: GCont (controle; GEce (Ece 50 µg/kg; GEce/25 (Ece 25 µg/kg; GRal/0,75 (Ral 0,75 µg/kg; GRal/0,4 (Ral 0,4 mg/kg; GEce-Ral (50/0,75 - (Ece 50 µg/kg + Ral 0,75 mg/kg e GEce-Ral (25/0,4 - (Ece 25 µg/kg + Ral 0,4 mg/kg. As drogas foram administradas por gavagem durante 21 dias consecutivos. Ao final da administração todos os animais foram anestesiados e fragmentos dos úteros removidos, fixados em formol a 10% e processados para inclusão em parafina. Os cortes obtidos foram corados por HE e submetidos à avaliação histomorfométrica. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: espessura do epitélio superficial, número de glândulas endometriais/mm² e número de vasos sangüíneos presentes no miométrio/mm². Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise estatística de ANOVA seguida pelo teste de Tukey-Kramer. RESULTADOS: nos grupos controle (Gcont e tratados isoladamente com raloxifeno (GRal/0,75 e GRal/0,4 o endométrio mostrou-se atrófico. Já nos grupos tratados com Ece isoladamente foi observado endométrio muito desenvolvido, sendo este efeito mais acentuado no grupo que recebeu 50 µg/kg, no qual encontramos aumento da espessura do epitélio superficial e da lâmina própria e no número de glândulas endometriais e de vasos sanguíneos. Notamos também proliferação endometrial nos grupos que receberam a associação de Ece e Ral (GEce-Ral - 50/0,75 e (GEce-Ral - 25/0,4. CONCLUSÃO: o raloxifeno parece bloquear parcialmente a ação do estrogênio no endométrio de ratas adultas castradas.PURPOSE: to evaluate the effects of conjugated equine estrogens (CEE and raloxifene (Ral, alone or combined, on the rat endometrium. METHODS: fifty-six adult rats were ovariectomized and

  2. Influência do ciclo estral sobre a sensibilidade da resposta cronotrópica à norepinefrina em ratas submetidas a estresse agudo Influence of estrous cycle on the sensitivity of cronotropic answer to norepinephrine in rats submitted to acute stress

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    Ana Paula Tanno

    2002-03-01

    Full Text Available O estresse pode alterar a sensibilidade da resposta cronotrópica às catecolaminas em vários tecidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a sensibilidade à norepinefrina (NE em átrios direitos de ratas submetidas ao estresse agudo por natação nas fases de estro e proestro. Ratas Wistar em estro ou proestro foram submetidas a uma sessão de 50 min de natação, após a qual foram anestesiadas e sacrifícadas. Os átrios direitos destes animais e de ratas controle foram isolados para obtenção de curvas concentração-efeito à NE antes e após o bloqueio dos sistemas de metabolização das catecolaminas (fenoxibenzamina + estradiol. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA ou teste t de Student. Não houve diferenças de sensibilidade à NE entre as fases de estro e proestro nos tecidos isolados de animais controle (p>0,05. No proestro, a natação induziu supersensibilidade à NE (pStress may change the response to catecholamines in many tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the estrous cycle on the sensitivity to norepinephrine in right atria from female rats submitted to a single swimming session. Wistar female rats were submitted to one swimming session at estrus or proestrus. Immediately after the stress session, the animal was sacrificed and its right atria set up for isometric recording of spontaneous beating. Concentration-effect curves to norepinephrine were obtained before and after inhibition of uptake1 (phenoxibenzamine and uptake2 (estradiol. Swimming stress did not change the sensitivity to noradrenaline in right atria from rats at estrus. However, at proestrus swimming induced supersensitivity to norepinephrine (pD2 control: 7.14 ± 0.03 vs. pD2 swimming: 7.55 ± 0.04; p< 0.05. Moreover at proestrus, the inhibition of the uptake systems induced a lower shift to the left in the concentration-effect curves to norepinephrine compared to the estrus. Changes on the uptake systems seem to be involved in the

  3. KEEFEKTIFAN PEMBELAJARAN MODEL TAPPS BERBANTUAN WORKSHEET TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATERI LINGKARAN

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    Nikmatul Maula

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah pembelajaran dengan model TAPPS tuntas, apakah rata-rata kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa pada model TAPPS lebih tinggi daripada rata-rata kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa pada pembelajaran ekspositori, serta apakah persentase ketuntasan belajar siswa pada model TAPPS lebih tinggi daripada persentase ketuntasan belajar siswa pada pembelajaran ekspositori. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP N 2 Pekalongan tahun pelajaran 2012/2013. Dengan teknik cluster random sampling, terpilih sampel yaitu siswa kelas VIII-D sebagai kelas eksperimen yang diterapkan pembelajaran model TAPPS berbantuan worksheet berbasis Polya dan kelas VIII-B sebagai kelas kontrol yang diterapkan pembelajaran ekspositori. Dari hasil uji ketuntasan belajar diperoleh pembelajaran pada kelas eksperimen tuntas. Dari hasil uji perbedaan dua rata-rata, diperoleh rata-rata kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol. Dari hasil uji proporsi satu pihak, diperoleh persentase ketuntasan belajar siswa kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada pada kelas kontrol.  Simpulan yang diperoleh yaitu pembelajaran dengan model TAPPS tuntas, rata-rata kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa pada model TAPPS lebih tinggi daripada rata-rata kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa pada pembelajaran ekspositori, dan persentase ketuntasan belajar siswa pada model TAPPS lebih tinggi daripada persentase ketuntasan belajar siswa pada pembelajaran ekspositori.

  4. PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ADOBE FLASH PLAYER DAN INFOKUS TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS VII SMP PGRI 11 PALEMBANG

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    Destinar Destinar

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh media pembelajaran Adobe Flash Player dan Infokus terhadap pemahaman konsep matematis siswa Kelas VII. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen, yang terdiri dari 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok kelas yang diajar dengan Adobe Flash Player dan Infokus, kelompok kelas yang diajar hanya dengan infokus dan kelompok kelas yang diajar tanpa media. Setelah itu ketiga kelompok tersebut diberikan tes akhir untuk mengetahui pemahaman konsep matematis dari masing-masing kelompok. Dari hasil tes akhir diperoleh Dari hasil tes akhir diperoleh rata-rata pemahaman konsep matematis kelompok yang diajar dengan Adobe Flash Player dan Infokus secara signifikan lebih tinggi dari pada rata-rata pemahaman konsep matematis kelompok yang diajar dengan Infokus. Rata-rata pemahaman konsep matematis kelompok yang diajar dengan Adobe Flash Player dan Infokus secara signifikan lebih tinggi dari pada rata-rata pemahaman konsep matematis kelompok yang diajar dengan tanpa media. Rata-rata pemahaman konsep matematis kelompok yang diajar dengan Infokus secara signifikan lebih tinggi dari pada rata-rata pemahaman konsep matematis kelompok yang diajar dengan tanpa media. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa ditinjau dari media pembelajaran yang digunakan.  Kata Kunci : Adobe Flash Player, Infokus, Pemahaman Konsep Matematis. 

  5. DIAGNOSTICS OF VIRUS PHYTOPATHOGENS FRUIT TREE PLUM POX VIRUS, PRUNUS NECROTIC RINGSPOT VIRUS AND PRUNUS DWARF VIRUS BY BIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS

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    Július Rozák

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of viral phytopathogen Plum pox virus, Prunus necrotic ringspot virus and Prunus dwarf virus in selected localities of Slovakia and diagnose them using a molecular and biological methods. Forty samples of fruit trees of the genus Prunus, twenty samples from intensive plantings and twenty samples from wild subject were analysed. Biological diagnostic by using biological indicators Prunus persica cv. GF 305, Prunus serrulata cv. Schirofugen and molecular diagnostic by mRT-PCR were applied. Five samples with Plum pox virus were infected. The two samples positive for Prunus necrotic ringspot virus and one sample for Prunus dwarf virus were confirmed. The two samples were found to be infected with two viruses Prunus necrotic ringspot virus and Prunus dwarf virus. This work focuses on two techniques, their application to the diagnosis of stone fruit viruses and their routinely used for sanitary and certification programmes.

  6. Histomorfometria e histoquímica dos ovários, tubas e útero de ratas hipotireóideas em metaestro-diestro Histomorphometry and histochemistry of the ovaries, oviduct and uterus in hypothyroid rats in the metaestrus-diestrus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C.M. Silva

    2004-10-01

    Full Text Available A foliculogênese ovariana foi estudada em ratas adultas Wistar, hipotireóideas na fase de metaestro-diestro. O hipotireoidismo foi induzido pela administração oral e diária de propiltiouracil (1mg/animal. As ratas eutireóideas receberam placebo. Após 120 dias de tratamento, foi colhido o plasma para dosagem de tiroxina livre, progesterona e estradiol após o que foram sacrificadas para colheita dos ovários, tubas e útero, para avaliação histomorfométrica e histoquímica. O hipotireoidismo reduziu significativamente o peso dos ovários e o número de folículos secundários e terciários e de corpos lúteos sem, no entanto, alterar a porcentagem de folículos atrésicos e o número de folículos primários e pré-ovulatórios. As células da granulosa dos folículos secundários das ratas hipotireóideas apresentavam núcleo pequeno com significativa redução do número de regiões organizadoras de nucléolo (NORs. Essas mudanças não alteraram os valores periféricos de estradiol e de progesterona. Houve redução significativa da espessura do endométrio, do número de glândulas endometriais e da altura do epitélio do infundíbulo.Ovarian folicullogenesis was studied in adult Wistar rats. The animals were hypothyroid in the metaestrus/diestrus phase of the estrous cycle. Hypothyroidism was induced by oral treatment with 1mg/animal of propylthiouracil. Euthyroid rats were kept under the same experimental conditions receiving placebo. After 120 days under treatment, all animals were killed and plasma was taken to assessing free thyroxine, progesterone, and estradiol. The ovaries, tubes and uterus were sampled for histomorphometric and histochemistry evaluation. Hypothyroidism significantly reduced the weight of the ovaries and the number of secondary and tertiary follicles, and corpora luteum. The number of atretic follicles as well as primary and pre-ovulatory follicles was not affected. Granulosa cells in the secondary follicles

  7. Kinerja Pengeringan Gabah Menggunakan Alat Pengering Tipe Rak dengan Energi Surya, Biomassa, dan Kombinasi

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    Tamaria Panggabean

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Paddy drying was performed using a hybrid drier utilizing solar energy, biomass and combined solar-biomass energy as energy sources. This research objective was to evaluate performance of the hybrid paddy drier using solar energy and paddy straw and coconut coir biomass. The experimental and descriptive method was used. The result showed that the drier with solar system was capable to generate temperature of drying chamber to 40.42 °C in average, while the average relative humidity was 41.45%. The paddys final moisture was 14.88%w.b after 7 hours of drying with drying rate of 0.64% d.b/h and energy consumption of 32,595.32 kJ. Paddy drying with biomass energy system was capable to obtain drying chambers temperature of 33.8 °C in average, the average relative humidity of 57%, the final moisture of 15.57%, the drying rate of 0.50 %d.b/h and energy consumption of 160,662.15 kJ with the same drying times. The solar-biomass drying system was capable to achieve temperature of 39.98 °C, the average relative humidity of 45.85 %, the final moisture of 15.33%w.b with drying rate of 0.55 %d.b/h and energy consumption of 136,457.76 kJ. Therefore, the best performance for drying paddys was with the solar drying system.   ABSTRAK Pengeringan gabah dapat dilakukan menggunakan alat pengering energi surya, energi biomassa dan energi kombinasi surya dan biomassa.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kinerja alat pengering gabah hybrid energi surya dan biomassa jerami padi dan sabut kelapa.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental dan deskritif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengeringan gabah dengan energi surya menghasilkan suhu ruang pengering rata-rata 40,42 °C, kelembaban relatif ruang pengering rata-rata 41,45 %, waktu pengeringan 7 jam, kadar air akhir rata-rata 14,88 %bb, laju pengeringan rata-rata 0,64 %bk/jam, dan energi pengering 32.595,32 kJ.  Pengeringan gabah dengan energi biomassa menghasilkan suhu ruang

  8. Efeitos do uso crônico do nelfinavir sobre a prenhez da rata albina: ensaio biológico Effects of chronic nelfinavir treatment on rat pregnancy: biological assay

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    Camila Fernandes Venneri Mathias

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar o efeito do uso crônico do nelfinavir sobre o peso de ratas albinas prenhes e seus conceptos, bem como o número de implantações, fetos, placentas, reabsorções e mortalidade materna e fetal. MÉTODOS: 50 ratas albinas EPM-1 Wistar, prenhes, foram aleatoriamente divididas em cinco grupos: 2 controles, Contr1 (controle do estresse e Contr2 (controle do veículo, e três experimentais, Exp40, Exp120 e Exp360, que receberam, respectivamente, 40, 120 e 360 mg/kg por dia de nelfinavir por via oral. A droga e o veículo (água destilada foram administrados por gavagem em duas tomadas diárias (12/12 horas, desde o primeiro dia até o dia 20 da prenhez. No último dia do experimento, todos os animais foram anestesiados e sacrificados. Foram avaliados a evolução do peso, número de implantações, reabsorções, fetos, placentas, óbitos intra-uterinos, o peso dos fetos e das placentas e malformações maiores. A análise estatística foi realizada pela análise de variância (ANOVA completada pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADOS: em relação ao ganho de peso das ratas, houve ganho normal em todos os grupos, não sendo constatadas diferenças significantes entre eles. ANOVA mostrou ausência de diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto aos parâmetros estudados. As médias do número de fetos foram: controles = 9,7±0,50; grupos tratados com nelfinavir = 9,7±0,81. Para as médias de números de placentas e implantações, controles = 9,7±0,50; grupos tratados com nelfinavir = 9,7±0,78. Quanto às médias de pesos fetais, controles = 4,04±0,50; grupos tratados com nelfinavir = 3,91±0,33 g. Finalmente, para as médias de pesos de placentas, controles = 0,64±0,02; grupos tratados com nelfinavir = 0,67±0,02 g. Além disto, não foram observadas reabsorções, mortalidade das matrizes, óbitos e malformações fetais. CONCLUSÕES: o nelfinavir, em todas as doses administradas, não influiu no ganho de peso das

  9. Oncogenic Viruses and Breast Cancer: Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV, Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV, and Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV

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    James S. Lawson

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available BackgroundAlthough the risk factors for breast cancer are well established, namely female gender, early menarche and late menopause plus the protective influence of early pregnancy, the underlying causes of breast cancer remain unknown. The development of substantial recent evidence indicates that a handful of viruses may have a role in breast cancer. These viruses are mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV, bovine leukemia virus (BLV, human papilloma viruses (HPVs, and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV-also known as human herpes virus type 4. Each of these viruses has documented oncogenic potential. The aim of this review is to inform the scientific and general community about this recent evidence.The evidenceMMTV and human breast cancer—the evidence is detailed and comprehensive but cannot be regarded as conclusive. BLV and human breast cancer—the evidence is limited. However, in view of the emerging information about BLV in human breast cancer, it is prudent to encourage the elimination of BLV in cattle, particularly in the dairy industry. HPVs and breast cancer—the evidence is substantial but not conclusive. The availability of effective preventive vaccines is a major advantage and their use should be encouraged. EBV and breast cancer—the evidence is also substantial but not conclusive. Currently, there are no practical means of either prevention or treatment. Although there is evidence of genetic predisposition, and cancer in general is a culmination of events, there is no evidence that inherited genetic traits are causal.ConclusionThe influence of oncogenic viruses is currently the major plausible hypothesis for a direct cause of human breast cancer.

  10. Oncogenic Viruses and Breast Cancer: Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV), Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV), Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lawson, James S; Salmons, Brian; Glenn, Wendy K

    2018-01-01

    Although the risk factors for breast cancer are well established, namely female gender, early menarche and late menopause plus the protective influence of early pregnancy, the underlying causes of breast cancer remain unknown. The development of substantial recent evidence indicates that a handful of viruses may have a role in breast cancer. These viruses are mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), bovine leukemia virus (BLV), human papilloma viruses (HPVs), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV-also known as human herpes virus type 4). Each of these viruses has documented oncogenic potential. The aim of this review is to inform the scientific and general community about this recent evidence. MMTV and human breast cancer-the evidence is detailed and comprehensive but cannot be regarded as conclusive. BLV and human breast cancer-the evidence is limited. However, in view of the emerging information about BLV in human breast cancer, it is prudent to encourage the elimination of BLV in cattle, particularly in the dairy industry. HPVs and breast cancer-the evidence is substantial but not conclusive. The availability of effective preventive vaccines is a major advantage and their use should be encouraged. EBV and breast cancer-the evidence is also substantial but not conclusive. Currently, there are no practical means of either prevention or treatment. Although there is evidence of genetic predisposition, and cancer in general is a culmination of events, there is no evidence that inherited genetic traits are causal. The influence of oncogenic viruses is currently the major plausible hypothesis for a direct cause of human breast cancer.

  11. Histomorfometria da mama de ratas tratadas com estrogênio e/ou progestagênio Breast histomorphometry of rats treated with estrogen and/or progestogen

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    Sueli Maria Preda dos Santos Torres

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações histomorfométricas nas mamas de ratas tratadas com estrogênio e/ou progestagênio por curto período de tempo. MÉTODOS: Foram divididas em quatro grupos 40 ratas ooforectomizadas: GC-recebeu veículo; GE-recebeu benzoato de estradiol (37,6 µg/animal; GP-recebeu acetato de medroxiprogesterona (11,28 mg/animal e, GEP-recebeu benzoato de estradiol (37,6 µg/animal e acetato de medroxiprogesterona (11,28 mg/animal. No grupo GE, o estradiol foi administrado durante sete dias, por via subcutânea. Já no grupo EP o estradiol foi administrado nos primeiros sete dias e o progestagênio por mais 23 dias, por via subcutânea. Vinte e quatro horas após a última administração dos hormônios, os animais foram anestesiados e o primeiro par de mamas inguinais removido, imerso em formaldeído a 10% e processado para inclusão em parafina, sendo os cortes corados pela Hematoxilina-Eosina. Foram avaliadas a morfologia e a área ocupada pelo parênquima mamário, sendo os dados submetidos à análise de variância complementado pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis (p GEP > GC; p OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the breast histomorphometric changes in rats treated with estrogen and/or progestogen for a short period of time. METHODS: Forty oophorectomized rats were divided into four groups: GC, vehicle; GE, treated with estradiol benzoate (37.6 mg/animal; GP, treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (11.2 mg/animal and GEP, treated with estradiol benzoate (37.6 mg/animal plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (11.28 mg/animal. In GE group, estradiol was administered subcutaneously for seven days; in GEP group, estradiol was administered once in a day for the first seven days and the progestogen over the next 23 days both subcutaneously. Twenty-four hours after the last hormone administration, the animals were killed upon deep anesthesia and the first inguinal breasts were removed, fixed in 10% formaldehyde and processed to be included in paraffin

  12. PENGGUNAAN PENDEKATAN CHEMO-ENTREPRENEURSHIP BERORIENTASI GREEN CHEMISTRY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN LIFE SKILL SISWA SMA

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    Ersanghono Kusuma

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan life skill siswa dengan hasilbelajar termasuk di dalamnya, dengan menerapkan pendekatan chemo-entrepreneurship(CEP berorientasi green chemistry. Fokus yang diteliti adalah untuk meningkatkankemampuan life skill dan hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan pendekatan CEPberorientasi green chemistry. Berdasarkan analisis data hasil penelitian pada siklus Idiperoleh rata-rata nilai dan ketuntasan life skill siswa masing-masing adalah 53,55 dan65% dengan kriteria sedang, pada siklus II meningkat dibandingkan siklus I dengan kriteriabaik, serta rata-rata nilai dan ketuntasan life skill siswa menjadi 60,025 dan 92,5%. Padasiklus III meningkat dibandingkan siklus II, yaitu kemampuan life skill siswa tergolong baikyaitu diperoleh nilai rata-rata dan ketuntasan life skill masing-masing sebesar 63,64 dan100%. Rata-rata nilai kognitif siswa pada siklus I adalah 65,49 dengan ketuntasan 70%, padasiklus II ketuntasan klasikal hasil belajar kognitif meningkat sebesar 12,5% yaitu dari 70%menjadi 82,5% sedangkan nilai rata-rata kelas menjadi 70,99. Pada siklus III ketuntasanklasikal hasil belajar kognitif meningkat 17,5% dari siklus II yaitu dari 82,5% menjadi100% serta nilai rata-rata kelas menjadi 75. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwadengan menggunakan pendekatan CEP berorientasi green chemistry dapat meningkatkankemampuan life skill siswa dan hasil belajar siswa. Kata Kunci : chemo-entrepreneurship, life skill, green chemistry

  13. Evolutionary relationship of alfalfa mosaic virus with cucumber mosaic virus and brome mosaic virus

    OpenAIRE

    Savithri, HS; Murthy, MRN

    1983-01-01

    The amino acid sequences of the non-structural protein (molecular weight 35,000; 3a protein) from three plant viruses - cucumber mosaic, brome mosaic and alfalfa mosaic have been systematically compared using the partial genomic sequences for these three viruses already available. The 3a protein of cucumber mosaic virus has an amino acid sequence homology of 33.7% with the corresponding protein of brome mosaic virus. A similar protein from alfalfa mosaic virus has a homology of 18.2% and 14.2...

  14. Comparative analysis of chrysanthemum transcriptome in response to three RNA viruses: Cucumber mosaic virus, Tomato spotted wilt virus and Potato virus X.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Choi, Hoseong; Jo, Yeonhwa; Lian, Sen; Jo, Kyoung-Min; Chu, Hyosub; Yoon, Ju-Yeon; Choi, Seung-Kook; Kim, Kook-Hyung; Cho, Won Kyong

    2015-06-01

    The chrysanthemum is one of popular flowers in the world and a host for several viruses. So far, molecular interaction studies between the chrysanthemum and viruses are limited. In this study, we carried out a transcriptome analysis of chrysanthemum in response to three different viruses including Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Potato virus X (PVX). A chrysanthemum 135K microarray derived from expressed sequence tags was successfully applied for the expression profiles of the chrysanthemum at early stage of virus infection. Finally, we identified a total of 125, 70 and 124 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for CMV, TSWV and PVX, respectively. Many DEGs were virus specific; however, 33 DEGs were commonly regulated by three viruses. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis identified a total of 132 GO terms, and of them, six GO terms related stress response and MCM complex were commonly identified for three viruses. Several genes functioning in stress response such as chitin response and ethylene mediated signaling pathway were up-regulated indicating their involvement in establishment of host immune system. In particular, TSWV infection significantly down-regulated genes related to DNA metabolic process including DNA replication, chromatin organization, histone modification and cytokinesis, and they are mostly targeted to nucleosome and MCM complex. Taken together, our comparative transcriptome analysis revealed several genes related to hormone mediated viral stress response and DNA modification. The identified chrysanthemums genes could be good candidates for further functional study associated with resistant to various plant viruses.

  15. Relación estructura-función de la proteína epididimaria de rata "DE", y su potencial uso para el desarrollo de un método de regulación de la fertilidad

    OpenAIRE

    Ellerman, Diego A.

    2001-01-01

    La glicoproteína epididimaria de rata "DE" se asocia al espermatozoide durante la maduración, y participa en el proceso de fusión de gametas a través de sitios complementarios presentes en la superficie del ovocito. Con el fin de comprender los mecanismos involucrados en la participación de DE en dicho proceso, se estudió la importancia de la estructura de DE para la actividad de la proteína. El clonado del ADNc de DE permitió obtener la secuencia de los 227 aminoácidos (aa) de la proteína. E...

  16. Effect of red maca (Lepidium meyenii) on INF-γ levels in ovariectomized rats

    OpenAIRE

    Leiva-Revilla, Johanna; Guerra-Castañon, Félix; Olcese-Mori, Paola; Lozada, Iván; Rubio, Julio; Gonzales, Carla; Gonzales, Gustavo F.

    2014-01-01

    Objetivos. Comparar el efecto de diferentes dosis de maca roja sobre los niveles de interferón gamma (IFN-γ) en ratas ovariectomizadas (OVX). Materiales y métodos. Ratas hembras adultas fueron divididas al azar en los siguientes seis grupos: Grupo 1: ratas pesudo-ovariectomizadas (PO); Grupo 2: ratas OVX; Grupo 3: ratas OVX tratadas con 4 ug/kg de estradiol, y Grupo 4, 5 y 6: ratas OVX tratadas con extractos de maca con 2,15, 4,3 y 8,6 mg polifenoles/kilogramo de peso corporal, respectivament...

  17. PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH PESERTA DIDIK DENGAN PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM POSSING

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    Arlin Astriyani

    2016-06-01

    Posing dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika peserta didik. Pada siklus I nilai rata-rata kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika peserta didik 72 meningkat 9 menjadi 81 pada siklus II. Selain kemampuan pemecahan masalah, aktivitas belajar peserta didik dan respon peserta didik menunjukkan peningkatan. Rata-rata aktivitas belajar peserta didik pada siklus I sebesar 63,5% dan meningkat 11,1% pada siklus II menjadi 74,6%. Berdasarkan jurnal harian, rata-rata persentase respon positif peserta didik mengalami peningkatan, yaitu pada siklus I sebesar 57,2% meningkat 14,2% menjadi 71,4% pada siklus II.

  18. Efeitos das isoflavonas em altas doses sobre o útero da rata Effects of high-dose isoflavones on rat uterus

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    Adriana Aparecida Ferraz Carbonel

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito de altas doses de isoflavonas no útero de ratas adultas castradas. MÉTODOS: Ratas virgens ovariectomizadas (n = 40 foram tratadas por 30 dias consecutivos com veículo (GCtrl ou genisteína nas concentrações 42 (GES42, 125 (GES125 e 250 (GES250 µg/g de peso corporal ao dia. O extrato de soja e o veículo (propilenoglicol foram administrados por gavagem. Ao final do experimento, foi realizada dosagem sérica de 17 β-estradiol e progesterona, avaliou-se o peso dos animais e dos úteros e foi feito exame colpocitológico. Fragmentos do terço médio dos cornos uterinos foram fixados em formol a 10% e processados para inclusão em parafina para estudo histológico. Cortes de 5 µm de espessura foram corados pelo HE e destinados a estudo em microscopia de luz. Analisou-se a histomorfologia do endométrio, área endometrial, número e área ocupada pelas glândulas, assim como a concentração de eosinófilos presentes na lâmina própria. Os dados numéricos obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância complementada pelo teste de Tukey-Kramer (p GES125 do que nos outros grupos (GES250 > GES125 > GES42 = GCtrl; p OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of high-dose isoflavones on the uterus of castrated adult rats. METHODS: Adult, ovariectomized virgin rats (n = 40 were treated by gavage during 30 consecutive days with vehicle (propylene glycol, group GCtrl or different doses of genistein: 42 (group GES42, 125 (GES125, or 250 (GES250 µg/g body weight per day. Animals were killed, weighed, vaginal and uterine samples were taken for cytologic evaluation, and serum levels of 17 β-estradiol and progesterone were determined. The middle third of the uterine horns was dissected, fixed in 10% formaldehyde and processed for paraffin inclusion; 5-µm thick sections were obtained and stained with HE for further histological study under light microscopy. The endometrial morphology and area, number and area of glands, and number

  19. Repercussões cardíacas após infarto do miocárdio em ratas submetidas previamente a exercício físico

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    Eduardo Carvalho de Arruda Veiga

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Poucos estudos analisaram os efeitos cardíacos do exercício físico prévio à oclusão coronariana. OBJETIVO: Avaliar, em ratas submetidas a exercício físico, as repercussões do infarto do miocárdio. MÉTODOS: Ratas foram submetidas à natação ou permaneceram sedentárias por oito semanas e foram randomizadas para oclusão coronariana ou cirurgia simulada, compondo quatro grupos: Sedentário (S, Exercício (E, Sedentário infarto (SIM e Exercício infarto (EIM. Após seis semanas, foram analisados biometria, ecodopplercardiograma, hemodinâmica e mecânica miocárdica. RESULTADOS: Não foram observados cardioproteção nos animais EIM e diferença no tamanho do infarto (%VE entre EIM (38,50 ± 4,60% e SIM (36,58 ± 4,11%. Os teores de água pulmonar (% de SIM (80 ± 0,59 e EIM (80 ± 0,57 foram maiores do que em S (78 ± 0,15 e E (78 ± 0,57. A pressão sistólica (mmHg do ventrículo esquerdo (S: 130 ± 5; E: 118 ± 8; SIM: 91 ± 3; EIM: 98 ± 3 e a primeira derivada temporal (mmHg/s positiva da pressão (S: 8.216 ± 385; E: 8.437 ± 572; SIM: 4.674 ± 455; EIM: 5.080 ± 412 de S e E foram maiores do que em SIM e EIM. As frações de encurtamento da área transversa (% de SIM (27 ± 2 e EIM (25 ± 2 foram similares e menores do que E (65 ± 2 e S (69 ± 2. A relação E/A foi maior em SIM (5,14 ± 0,61 e EIM (4,73 ± 0,57 em relação a S (2,96 ± 0,24 e E (2,83 ± 0,21. Em estudos de músculos papilares isolados foi verificada depressão da capacidade contrátil semelhante em SIM e EIM, e não houve alteração da rigidez miocárdica. CONCLUSÃO: O treinamento prévio por natação não atenuou as repercussões cardíacas em virtude do infarto do miocárdio.

  20. Histomorfometria e histoquímica da tuba uterina e do útero de ratas púberes e pré-púberes induzidas ao hipertireoidismo Histomorphometry and histochemistry of the uterine tubes and uterus of puberal and prepuberal rats induced for hyperthyroidism

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    T.S. Oliveira

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available Foram estudadas a histomorfometria e a atividade secretória das tubas uterinas e do útero de 38 ratas Wistar púberes, distribuídas em quatro grupos: (1 eutireóideo em proestro-estro, (2 hipertireóideo em proestro-estro, (3 eutireóideo em metaestro-diestro e (4 hipertireóideo em metaestro-diestro. Posteriormente, foram utilizadas outras 24 ratas Wistar pré-púberes, com 12 dias de idade, distribuídas em dois grupos: (1 hipertireóideo (n=12 e (2 eutireóideo (n=12. O útero e as tubas uterinas foram colhidos para avaliação histomorfométrica e histoquímica. A altura do epitélio da ampola, tanto no proestro-estro quanto no metaestro-diestro, elevou-se com a administração de tiroxina, tornando-se semelhante à do istmo. O hipertireoidismo aumentou a secreção PAS positiva e de mucossubstâncias ácidas do infundíbulo na fase estrogênica, igualando-a à do istmo. A parede uterina apresentou-se mais espessa na fase estrogênica, resultado da ação conjunta da tiroxina no endométrio e no miométrio. A atividade secretória e a composição do colágeno uterino não diferiram entre tratamentos. Nas ratas pré-púberes, o hipertireoidismo aumentou a espessura do miométrio e da parede uterina, mas não alterou a tuba uterina. O hipertireoidismo em ratas pré-púberes induz modificações significativas somente no útero; após a maturidade sexual, as modificações ocorrem no útero e na tuba uterina em intensidade variável e dependentes da fase do ciclo estral.The histomorphometry and the secretory activity of the uterine tubes and uterus of 38 puberal Wistar rats were studied. Rats were divided in four groups: (1 euthyroid in proestrus-estrus, (2 hyperthyroid in proestrus-estrus, (3 euthyroid in metestrus-diestrus and, (4 hyperthyroid in metestrus-diestrus. In other experiment, 24 prepuberal 12-day-old Wistar rats were divided in two groups: (1 hyperthyroid and (2 euthyroid. The uterus and the uterine tubes were collected for

  1. PENGARUH FOTOPERIODE TERHADAP AKTIFITAS PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP IKAN PATIN SIAM (Pangasius hypophthalmus

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    Muhammad Yuda Setiawan

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh fotoperiode terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan patin siam (Pangasius hypopthalmus. Hasil penelitian diperoleh data laju pertumbuhan bobot relative tertinggi pada perlakuan A (0 T : 24 G dengan nilai rata – rata 1713,3, laju pertumbuhan panjang relative tertinggi pada perlakuan A (0 T : 24 G dengan nilai rata –rata 145,7, laju pertumbuhan harian tertinggi pada perlakuan A (0 T : 24 G dengan nilai rata – rata 5,17, dan kelangsungan hidup tertinggi pada perlakuan A (0 T : 24 G dengan nilai rata – rata 89,3.  Hasil statistik menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perbedaan yang sangat nyata antar perlakuan yang diberikan, dan hasil uji lanjutan menyatakan bahwa  perlakuan A berbeda sangat nyata dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya.  Kemudian hasil perhitungan lanjutan terhadap parameter penunjang berupa faktor kondisi, juga diperoleh nilai tertinggi pada perlakuan A (0 T : 24 G dengan nilai rata – rata 0,82 dan  efesiensi pakan tertinggi pada perlakuan A (0 T : 24 G dengan nilai rata –rata 159,6 serta data kualitas air yang masih berada pada kisaran dan standar hidup yang diinginkan.   Data pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup menunjukan bahwa semakin lama waktu gelap yang diberikan, semakin baik pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidupnya, karena suasana gelap memberikan pengaruh terhadap nafsu makan ikan uji, sesuai dengan kebiasaan hidupnya yang aktif pada malam hari (nocturnal.  Berarti hasil penelitian ini menjawab hipotesis,  terima  H1 dan tolak Ho  dimana fotoperiode yang diberikan berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan uji.

  2. Competitive virus assay method for titration of noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea viruses (END⁺ and END⁻ viruses).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Muhsen, Mahmod; Ohi, Kota; Aoki, Hiroshi; Ikeda, Hidetoshi; Fukusho, Akio

    2013-03-01

    A new, reliable and secure virus assay method, named the competitive virus assay (CVA) method, has been established for the titration of bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDVs) that either show the exaltation of Newcastle disease virus (END) phenomenon or heterologous interference phenomenon (but not the END phenomenon). This method is based on the principle of (1) homologous interference between BVDVs, by using BVDV RK13/E(-) or BVDV RK13/E(+) strains as competitor virus, and (2) END phenomenon and heterologous interference, by using attenuated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) TCND strain as challenge virus. In titration of BVDV END(+) and BVDV END(-) viruses, no significant difference in estimated virus titer was observed between CVA and conventional methods. CVA method demonstrated comparable levels of sensitivity and accuracy as conventional END and interference methods, which require the use of a velogenic Miyadera strain of NDV and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), both of which are agents of high-risk diseases. As such, the CVA method is a safer alternative, with increased bio-safety and bio-containment, through avoidance of virulent strains that are commonly employed with conventional methods. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  3. Desenvolvimento pré-embrionário em ratas tratadas com oxcarbazepina nos quatro primeiros dias após a inseminação Pre-embryo development in rats treated with oxcarbazepine in the first four days after insemination

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. de O. Guerra

    2000-10-01

    Full Text Available A oxcarbazepina é uma droga antiepiléptica de alta eficácia e poucos efeitos colaterais, mas pouco estudada quanto a seus efeitos durante a gestação humana e animal. OBJETIVO: Verificar se a administração de oxcarbazepine em ratas, nos quatro primeiros dias após a inseminação, altera a viabilidade ou o desenvolvimento do pré-embrião. MÉTODOS: Ratas Wistar foram tratadas com 20 ou 200 mg de oxcarbazepina/ Kg de peso corporal, via gástrica, nos dias 1, 2, 3, ou 4 a partir da inseminação ou, consecutivamente, do 1º ao 4º. Os pré-embriões foram coletados no quinto dia, visando verificar a quantidade e o desenvolvimento até a fase de blastocisto expandido. O peso corporal materno e sinais como pelos eriçados e alteração de atividade locomotora foram anotados para verificar indícios de toxicidade materna. Número de corpos lúteos e peso de ovários foram anotados com vistas à capacidade reprodutiva do animal. RESULTADOS: Não ocorreram perdas de pesos corporais maternos e nenhuma alteração física indicativa de desconforto para as ratas. Peso de ovários e número de corpos lúteos não diferiram entre tratados e controles. O número médio de pré-embriões por mães, o índice de perdas embrionárias, a proporção de blastocistos expandidos com relação ao total de pré-embriões e a média de blastocistos expandidos/mãe, não diferiram entre tratados e controles. CONCLUSÃO: A oxcarbazepina administrada em ratas, seguindo o esquema terapêutico mencionado, não apresentou efeito tóxico sobre a mãe e não alterou o desenvolvimento do pré-embrião.Oxcarbazepine is a highly efficcacious antiepileptic drug which has very few side effects and has been poorly investigated as to its effects during human and animal gestation. PURPOSE: To verify if the administration of oxcapazepine to female rats in the first four days ofter fertilization alters the viability or development of the pre-embryo. METHODS: Wistar rats were

  4. PENGETAHUAN GURU TENTANG BULLYING

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    Fauziyah Indahyani

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat pengetahuan guru sekolah dasar tentang bullying di kecamatan Sokaraja, Kabupaten Banyumas. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan tes pengetahuan, subjek penelitiannya adalah guru sekolah dasar di Sokaraja, Kabupaten Banyumas. Teknik pengambilan sampel data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah clustered sampling. Jumlah populasi penelitian adalah 403 guru dari sekolah dasar di kecamatan Sokaraja, Kabupaten Banyumas. 40% di antaranya diambil sebagai sampel, sehingga sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 130 guru sekolah dasar dari kecamatan Sokaraja, Banyumas kabupaten Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan guru tentang bullying rata-rata, hal ini ditunjukkan dalam analisis yang menunjukkan bahwa 130 guru sekolah dasar, 92 di antaranya 70,77% kategori rata-rata dalam mengetahui bullying verbal (70,77%. Sedangkan untuk pengetahuan bullying fisik, dari 130 guru, 91 guru atau 70,00% dikategorikan ke tingkat rata-rata. Kemudian, dari 130 guru sekolah dasar, 70,00% dikategorikan ke dalam pengetahuan rata-rata yang berhubungan dengan pengetahuan mental. Kata kunci: Pengetahuan tentang Bullying, Guru Sekolah Dasar

  5. Virus wars: using one virus to block the spread of another

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Matthew L. Paff

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available The failure of traditional interventions to block and cure HIV infections has led to novel proposals that involve treating infections with therapeutic viruses–infectious viruses that specifically inhibit HIV propagation in the host. Early efforts in evaluating these proposals have been limited chiefly to mathematical models of dynamics, for lack of suitable empirical systems. Here we propose, develop and analyze an empirical system of a therapeutic virus that protects a host cell population against a lethal virus. The empirical system uses E. coli bacteria as the host cell population, an RNA phage as the lethal virus and a filamentous phage as the therapeutic virus. Basic dynamic properties are established for each virus alone and then together. Observed dynamics broadly agree with those predicted by a computer simulation model, although some differences are noted. Two cases of dynamics are contrasted, differing in whether the therapeutic virus is introduced before the lethal virus or after the lethal virus. The therapeutic virus increases in both cases but by different mechanisms. With the therapeutic virus introduced first, it spreads infectiously without any appreciable change in host dynamics. With the therapeutic virus introduced second, host abundance is depressed at the time therapy is applied; following an initial period of therapeutic virus spread by infection, the subsequent rise of protection is through reproduction by hosts already protected. This latter outcome is due to inheritance of the therapeutic virus state when the protected cell divides. Overall, the work establishes the feasibility and robustness to details of a viral interference using a therapeutic virus.

  6. Efeito das drogas anti-retrovirais sobre as taxas de fertilidade de ratas Wistar Effects of antiretroviral drugs on fertility of Wistar rats

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    Ernesto Antonio Figueiró Filho

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar os efeitos de drogas anti-retrovirais isoladas e em associação sobre as taxas de fertilidade em ratas prenhes expostas a estes fármacos, bem como o efeito perinatal nas crias. MÉTODOS: foram utilizadas ratas fêmeas prenhes adultas da raça Wistar, pesando inicialmente entre 200 e 230 g. Foram testadas a azidotimidina (AZT, lamivudina (3TC e nelfinavir (NFV, cujas dosagens foram padronizadas em 10 vezes a dose normalmente utilizada em gestantes, proporcionalmente ao peso dos animais. No total foram avaliados sete grupos, incluindo o controle. O início da experimentação foi o dia zero da prenhez e as cesarianas foram realizadas com 21 dias de prenhez. Para o cálculo das taxas de fertilidade, avaliaram-se o número de fetos vivos e mortos, sítios de implantação e número de corpos lúteos. Utilizaram-se o teste t de Student e Mann-Whitney para a análise estatística. RESULTADOS: não houve alterações significativas nas taxas de perdas pré-implantação e da eficiência de implantação de ratas tratadas com anti-retrovirais isolados e em associação. No entanto, houve aumento significativo nas taxas de perdas pós-implantação (grupo controle: 7,6%; grupos medicamentos: de 20,2 a 26,7%, redução significativa nas taxas de viabilidade fetal (grupo controle: 92,4%; grupos medicamentos: de 73,3 a 79,8% e redução significativa no número de fetos por ninhada (grupo controle: 14,7, grupos medicamentos: de 11,1 a 12,7. Observou-se também que houve redução do peso materno e dos fetos nos grupos tratados com 3TC, AZT + 3TC e AZT + 3TC + NFV. CONCLUSÃO: com a utilização de doses elevadas de medicamentos anti-retrovirais na presente casuística, efeitos importantes sobre a fertilidade foram encontrados, o que sinaliza para a necessidade de se pesquisarem outros fármacos anti-retrovirais com menor potencial histotóxico e que possam, com segurança, ser utilizados por gestantes portadoras da infecção pelo v

  7. Zika virus disease

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    Adel I Al-Afaleq

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available The Zika virus is an arbovirus belonging to the virus family Flaviviridae. The virus was isolated in 1947 from a rhesus monkey in the Zika Forest of Uganda. The virus causes sporadic mild human infections in Africa and later in Asia. However, by 2007 a major shift in its infection pattern was noticed and thousands of human infections were reported in the State of Yap and Federated States of Micronesia. In the last 3 years, major outbreaks have continued to occur and the virus has spread to several Pacific and American countries. These outbreaks were mostly asymptomatic; however, there were more severe clinical signs associated with the infections. Those signs included microcephaly and Guillain–Barre syndrome. It is believed that various species of mosquitoes can biologically transmit the virus. However, Aedes aegypti is most widely associated with the Zika virus. Recently, new modes of virus transmission have been reported, including mother-to-fetus, sexual, blood transfusion, animal bites, laboratory exposure and breast milk. Differential diagnosis is very important as some other arboviruses such as yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, dengue virus, and chikungunya virus have similar clinical manifestations to the Zika virus infection as well as relating serologically to some of these viruses. Established laboratory diagnostic tests to detect the Zika virus are limited, with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction being the most widely used test. Taking into consideration the quickness of the spread of infection, size of the infected population and change of the infection severity pattern, the Zika virus infection merits collective efforts on all levels to prevent and control the disease. Limited research work and data, concurrent infection with other arboviruses, involvement of biological vectors, mass crowd events, human and trade movements and lack of vaccines are some of the challenges that we face in our efforts to prevent and

  8. Dengue virus receptor

    OpenAIRE

    Hidari, Kazuya I.P.J.; Suzuki, Takashi

    2011-01-01

    Dengue virus is an arthropod-borne virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Dengue virus causes fever and hemorrhagic disorders in humans and non-human primates. Direct interaction of the virus introduced by a mosquito bite with host receptor molecule(s) is crucial for virus propagation and the pathological progression of dengue diseases. Therefore, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between dengue virus and its receptor(s) in both humans and mosquitoes is essent...

  9. ECHO virus

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001340.htm ECHO virus To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript. Enteric cytopathic human orphan (ECHO) viruses are a group of viruses that can lead ...

  10. Hepatitis E virus coinfection with hepatotropic viruses in Egyptian children.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed; Salama, Osama Saad; Mansour, Fathy Awaad; Hossein, Shaimaa

    2008-06-01

    Major hepatotropic viruses continue to be important causes of acute viral hepatitis in developing countries. This work was carried out to detect the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) markers in children with acute viral hepatitis due to hepatotropic viruses (A, B and C) and non-A, non-B, non-C acute hepatitis, and to ascertain the influence of HEV superinfection in individuals infected with hepatitis viruses (A, B and C). We studied prospectively 162 children with sporadic acute hepatitis who reported to our hospital. Thirteen healthy controls were also included in the study. Laboratory investigations were performed, including complete liver function tests. Complete serological profiles for hepatitis viruses A, B, C and E were evaluated. HEV immunoglobulin G was detected with highest percentage among patients with hepatitis B (56.7%), followed by patients with hepatitis C virus (52.0%), hepatitis A virus (34.1%) and combined hepatitis B and C viruses (30.0%). The detection rate among patients with non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis was 7.1%. HEV immunoglobulin M was found in 4.5% of hepatitis A virus patients and in 3.3% of hepatitis B patients. The prevalence of HEV immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M correlated with the levels of hepatic aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in patients with dual markers of infection with hepatitis E and other viruses compared to patients with acute hepatitis due to A and C viruses. HEV serological markers are common among children with acute viral hepatitis, especially from hepatitis C and B viruses. There may be increased sensitivity to HEV coinfection in association with hepatitis B and C infections. Dual infection with HEV and other hepatotropic viruses was associated with greater elevation of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases.

  11. Pengaruh Pembelajaran Berbasis Multiple Intelligences Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas III SDN Brayublandong Mojokerto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maaratus Solikhah

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available Pembelajaran matematika di kelas III SDN Brayublandong masih menggunakan pembelajaran bersifat teacher centered dengan metode konvesional sehingga mengakibatkan siswa pasif dan hasil belajarnya kurang optimal. Siswa kelas III SDN Brayublandong memiliki berbagai karakteristik kecerdasan yang beragam. Oleh karena kecerdasan siswa beragam, dalam proses pembelajaran guru dituntut untuk dapat memfasilitasi setiap kecerdasan yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perangkat pembelajaran, mengetahui pengaruh, dan mendeskripsikan efektivitas pembelajaran berbasis multiple intelligences  terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah True Experimental Design dengan desain Pretest-Postest control group design. Sampel yang digunakan adalah seluruh siswa kelas III SDN Brayublandong yang dipilih secara acak.Data hasil instrumen tes dianalisis dengan uji statistik. Hasil rata-rata uji gain ternormalisasi sebesar 0,72 dengan kategori tinggi, hasil uji determinasi memiliki pengaruh sebesar 63% dan analisis uji-t menunjukkan bahwa thitung sebesar 6,008 > ttabel sebesar 2,080, artinya terdapat pengaruh antara pembelajaran berbasis Multiple Intelligences terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas III SDN Brayublandong. Efektivitas pembelajaran berbasis Multiple Intelligences dilihat dari rata-rata hasil belajar siswa sebesar 81,04 > KKM, rata-rata aktivitas guru= 3,88 dengan kriteria sangat baik, rata-rata aktivitas siswa = 3,58 dengan kriteria sangat baik, dan rata-rata respon positif siswa = 97,39% dengan kriteria sangat kuat. Kata kunci: pembelajaran berbasis multiple intelligences, hasil belajar

  12. PENGGALIAN DAN PENYEBARAN POTENSI WISATA MELALUI APLIKASI MOBILE DENGAN KONSEP CROWDSOURCING

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    I Ketut Resika Arthana

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Pariwisata merupakan salah satu sektor yang sangat diminati oleh masyarakat. Keberadaan objek wisata memberikan dampak ekonomi bagi masyarakat sekitar dan pelaku pariwisata. Potensi-potensi pariwisata yang masih belum terpublikasi sudah seharusnya digali dan disebarkan sehingga masyarakat bisa memanfaatkan, baik sebagai pelaku pariwisata maupun penikmat pariwisata. Potensi wisata yang ada di Indonesia sangat tersebar dan tidak bisa dicari satu persatu. Penggalian potensi pariwisata memerlukan peran masyarakat untuk memberikan informasi keberadaan potensi wisata tersebut. Disisi lain, penggalian dan penyebaran potensi wisata seharusnya dibantu dengan teknologi informasi sehingga memberikan kemudahan bagi masyarakat untuk menginformasikan dan mencari objek wisata. Pada penelitian ini sudah dikembangkan aplikasi mobile untuk membantu masyarakat menginformasikan potensi wisata yang diketahuinya dengan menyertakan deskripsi, foto dan peta lokasi potensi objek wisata tersebut. Selain itu melalui aplikasi ini masyarakat juga dengan mudah mencari informasi objek wisata. Aplikasi yang dikembangkan memanfaatkan teknologi Android, GPS, Google Maps, serta mengadopsi konsep crowdsourcing. Secara keseluruhan penelitian ini menerapkan metodologi ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation dan Evaluation. Pengujian aplikasi dilakukan dengan Usability Testing. Pada pengujian menunjukkan rata-rata aspek learnability 85%, memorability memiliki rata-rata 87%, error memiliki rata-rata 95% dan satisfaction memiliki rata-rata sebanyak 95%. Rata-rata keseluruhan pengujian adalah 90.5%. Selain itu 90% responden menyatakan bahwa aplikasi layak dipublikasikan. Kata-kata kunci : Potensi Wisata, Google Maps, GPS, Crowdsourcing

  13. Phytophthora viruses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cai, Guohong; Hillman, Bradley I

    2013-01-01

    Phytophthora sp. is a genus in the oomycetes, which are similar to filamentous fungi in morphology and habitat, but phylogenetically more closely related to brown algae and diatoms and fall in the kingdom Stramenopila. In the past few years, several viruses have been characterized in Phytophthora species, including four viruses from Phytophthora infestans, the late blight pathogen, and an endornavirus from an unnamed Phytophthora species from Douglas fir. Studies on Phytophthora viruses have revealed several interesting systems. Phytophthora infestans RNA virus 1 (PiRV-1) and PiRV-2 are likely the first members of two new virus families; studies on PiRV-3 support the establishment of a new virus genus that is not affiliated with established virus families; PiRV-4 is a member of Narnaviridae, most likely in the genus Narnavirus; and Phytophthora endornavirus 1 (PEV1) was the first nonplant endornavirus at the time of reporting. Viral capsids have not been found in any of the above-mentioned viruses. PiRV-1 demonstrated a unique genome organization that requires further examination, and PiRV-2 may have played a role in late blight resurgence in 1980s-1990s. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. Viruses infecting reptiles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marschang, Rachel E

    2011-11-01

    A large number of viruses have been described in many different reptiles. These viruses include arboviruses that primarily infect mammals or birds as well as viruses that are specific for reptiles. Interest in arboviruses infecting reptiles has mainly focused on the role reptiles may play in the epidemiology of these viruses, especially over winter. Interest in reptile specific viruses has concentrated on both their importance for reptile medicine as well as virus taxonomy and evolution. The impact of many viral infections on reptile health is not known. Koch's postulates have only been fulfilled for a limited number of reptilian viruses. As diagnostic testing becomes more sensitive, multiple infections with various viruses and other infectious agents are also being detected. In most cases the interactions between these different agents are not known. This review provides an update on viruses described in reptiles, the animal species in which they have been detected, and what is known about their taxonomic positions.

  15. Viruses Infecting Reptiles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rachel E. Marschang

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available A large number of viruses have been described in many different reptiles. These viruses include arboviruses that primarily infect mammals or birds as well as viruses that are specific for reptiles. Interest in arboviruses infecting reptiles has mainly focused on the role reptiles may play in the epidemiology of these viruses, especially over winter. Interest in reptile specific viruses has concentrated on both their importance for reptile medicine as well as virus taxonomy and evolution. The impact of many viral infections on reptile health is not known. Koch’s postulates have only been fulfilled for a limited number of reptilian viruses. As diagnostic testing becomes more sensitive, multiple infections with various viruses and other infectious agents are also being detected. In most cases the interactions between these different agents are not known. This review provides an update on viruses described in reptiles, the animal species in which they have been detected, and what is known about their taxonomic positions.

  16. Characterization of uncultivable bat influenza virus using a replicative synthetic virus.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bin Zhou

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Bats harbor many viruses, which are periodically transmitted to humans resulting in outbreaks of disease (e.g., Ebola, SARS-CoV. Recently, influenza virus-like sequences were identified in bats; however, the viruses could not be cultured. This discovery aroused great interest in understanding the evolutionary history and pandemic potential of bat-influenza. Using synthetic genomics, we were unable to rescue the wild type bat virus, but could rescue a modified bat-influenza virus that had the HA and NA coding regions replaced with those of A/PR/8/1934 (H1N1. This modified bat-influenza virus replicated efficiently in vitro and in mice, resulting in severe disease. Additional studies using a bat-influenza virus that had the HA and NA of A/swine/Texas/4199-2/1998 (H3N2 showed that the PR8 HA and NA contributed to the pathogenicity in mice. Unlike other influenza viruses, engineering truncations hypothesized to reduce interferon antagonism into the NS1 protein didn't attenuate bat-influenza. In contrast, substitution of a putative virulence mutation from the bat-influenza PB2 significantly attenuated the virus in mice and introduction of a putative virulence mutation increased its pathogenicity. Mini-genome replication studies and virus reassortment experiments demonstrated that bat-influenza has very limited genetic and protein compatibility with Type A or Type B influenza viruses, yet it readily reassorts with another divergent bat-influenza virus, suggesting that the bat-influenza lineage may represent a new Genus/Species within the Orthomyxoviridae family. Collectively, our data indicate that the bat-influenza viruses recently identified are authentic viruses that pose little, if any, pandemic threat to humans; however, they provide new insights into the evolution and basic biology of influenza viruses.

  17. Characterization of uncultivable bat influenza virus using a replicative synthetic virus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Bin; Ma, Jingjiao; Liu, Qinfang; Bawa, Bhupinder; Wang, Wei; Shabman, Reed S; Duff, Michael; Lee, Jinhwa; Lang, Yuekun; Cao, Nan; Nagy, Abdou; Lin, Xudong; Stockwell, Timothy B; Richt, Juergen A; Wentworth, David E; Ma, Wenjun

    2014-10-01

    Bats harbor many viruses, which are periodically transmitted to humans resulting in outbreaks of disease (e.g., Ebola, SARS-CoV). Recently, influenza virus-like sequences were identified in bats; however, the viruses could not be cultured. This discovery aroused great interest in understanding the evolutionary history and pandemic potential of bat-influenza. Using synthetic genomics, we were unable to rescue the wild type bat virus, but could rescue a modified bat-influenza virus that had the HA and NA coding regions replaced with those of A/PR/8/1934 (H1N1). This modified bat-influenza virus replicated efficiently in vitro and in mice, resulting in severe disease. Additional studies using a bat-influenza virus that had the HA and NA of A/swine/Texas/4199-2/1998 (H3N2) showed that the PR8 HA and NA contributed to the pathogenicity in mice. Unlike other influenza viruses, engineering truncations hypothesized to reduce interferon antagonism into the NS1 protein didn't attenuate bat-influenza. In contrast, substitution of a putative virulence mutation from the bat-influenza PB2 significantly attenuated the virus in mice and introduction of a putative virulence mutation increased its pathogenicity. Mini-genome replication studies and virus reassortment experiments demonstrated that bat-influenza has very limited genetic and protein compatibility with Type A or Type B influenza viruses, yet it readily reassorts with another divergent bat-influenza virus, suggesting that the bat-influenza lineage may represent a new Genus/Species within the Orthomyxoviridae family. Collectively, our data indicate that the bat-influenza viruses recently identified are authentic viruses that pose little, if any, pandemic threat to humans; however, they provide new insights into the evolution and basic biology of influenza viruses.

  18. Hipogonadismo e função tireoidiana em ratas hipertireóideas e eutireóideas Hypogonadism and thyroid function in hyper and euthyroid rats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. Serakides

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available A influência do hipogonadismo sobre a função tireoidiana de ratas hipertireóideas e eutireóideas foi medida com base no perfil sérico dos hormônios tireoidianos, dos esteróides ovarianos e do TSH e na histomorfometria da tireóide. Ratas Wistar, com cinco meses de idade, castradas, foram mantidas em estado eutireóideo ou hipertireóideo por períodos de 30, 60 e 90 dias. Um grupo não castrado foi mantido nas mesmas condições e serviu como controle. O hipertireoidismo foi induzido mediante a administração diária 50µg de L-tiroxina, por sonda gástrica. Ao final de cada período, nove ratas por grupo tiveram suas tireóides inspecionadas, pesadas e processadas para avaliação histomorfométrica e o plasma sangüíneo colhido para dosagem de estradiol, progesterona, T4 total, T4 livre, T3 total e TSH. O hipogonadismo não alterou os valores de T3 total e de TSH, mas aumentou significativamente as concentrações de T4 livre, independente do estado hipertireóideo ou eutireóideo. As concentrações de T4 total sofreram influência da castração apenas no grupo hipertireóideo. O peso das tireóides não sofreu influência do hipogonadismo, mas a altura do epitélio folicular nos animais eutireóideos variou ao longo do experimento, apresentando-se maior aos 30 e 90 dias e menor aos 60 dias. Não se observou correlação entre os níveis de estrógeno e as variáveis estudadas, mas os níveis de progesterona foram inversamente proporcionais à elevação dos níveis de T4 total e T4 livre. Concluiu-se que o hipogonadismo altera a histomorfometria da tireoide em indivíduos eutireóideos, aumenta os valores plasmáticos de T4 livre independentemente do estado funcional da tireóide e potencializa a elevação de T4 total no hipertireoidismo, provavelmente sob influência do hipoprogesteronismo e não do hipoestrogenismo.The effects of hypogonadism on thyroid function of hyper and euthyroid rats were measured based on plasmatic

  19. ANALISIS TINGKAT KEPUASAN DAN HARAPAN PASEN TERHADAP PELAYANAN PUSKESMAS DAN RUMAH SAKIT DAERAH PROVINSI DIY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sunarto Sunarto

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Kepuasan merupakan perasaan seseorang mengenai kesenangan atau kekecewaan sebagai hasil membandingkan antara kinerja dan harapan. Jumlah kunjungan Puskesmas tahun 2007 sebesar 3.094.027 pasien yang terdiri dari 3.076442 rawat jalan dan 17.585 rawat inap. Penelitian untuk mengentahui gambaran tingkat kepuasan dan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kepuasan dan harapan pasien yang mendapatkan pelayanan Puskemas dan rumah sakit menurut wilayah Kabupatet / Kota di Propinsi DIY Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan menggunakan rancangan cros sectional. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuisioner dengan 35 item pernyataan yang diambil dari atribut-atribut SERVQUAL dalam 5 dimensi. Total sampel untuk lima Kabupaten Kota sebanyak 1000, masing-masing Kabupaten Kota 200. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap pasien yang menerima pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas dan Rumah Sakit Daerah di Kabupaten-Kota Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penilaian tingkat kepuasan pasien ketika mereka berobat ke Puskesmas dan Rumah Sakit di Propinsi DIY, dengan menggunakan skala O sampai 4. Hasilnya adalah dimensi tangibles, rata-rata kepuasan pasien (2,96 cukup dan harapan pasien (3,38 pada dimensi reliability, rata-rata kepuasan pasien (3,01 bagus dan harapan pasien (3,40. Pada dimensi responsiveness, rata-rata kepuasan pa-sien (3,07 bagus dan harapan pasien (3,42. Dimensi assurance, rata-rata kepuasan pasien (3, 1 0 bagus dan harapan pasien (3 ,42. pada dimensi emphaty, rata-rata kepuasan pasien (3,02 bagus dan harapan pasien (3,35. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai p > 0.05, berarti pada alpha 5%, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan tingkat kepuasan diantara kelima wilayah kabupaten/kota di DIY. Penilaian tingkat kepuasan pasien, ketika mereka berkunjung ke Puskesmas dan Rumah Sakit di DIY secara rata-rata bagus dan tidak ada perbedaan tingkat kepuasan menurut wilayah Kabupaten-Kota di Propinsi DIY. Kata Kunci : Kepuasan, harapan

  20. KECUKUPAN ENERGI DAN POLA KEGIATAN WANITA HAMIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Y. Krisdinamurtirin

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available Telah dihitung penggunaan energi berdasarkan kegiatan sehari-hari 33 orang wanita hamil triwulan kedua pengunjung Puskesmas Semplak, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Data kegiatan fisik responden dikumpulkan secara "recall" 2x24 jam oleh peneliti pada saat kunjungan rumah. Data antropometri, termasuk tebal lemak bawah kulit, serta data konsumsi makanan juga dikumpulkan. Umur kehamilan responden antara (6-24 minggu (±20,4, rata-rata berat badan 50,54 kg (±5,7 kg atau 4 kg lebih tinggi daripada rata-rata berat badan wanita tidak hamil tidak menyusui di kecamatan yang sama; tinggi badan 149,7 cm (±3,7cm dan tebal lemak badan 27,5% (±1,9% berat badan. Rata-rata masukan energi menurut hasil "recall" hanya 7652 (±527,4 kal, atau 79% dari kecukupan menurut Widya Karya Nasional Pangan dan Gizi 1983. Pengeluaran energi, dihitung berdasarkan kegiatan fisik, rata-rata 2609 Kal; berdasarkan BMR menurut cara FAO/WHO/UNU 1985, juga hampir sama 2611 Kal. Angka kecukupan energi wanita hamil triwulan kedua dengan berat badan 50 kg, menurut penelitian ini adalah 2600 Kal.

  1. Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis remain major infections around the world. In Angola, about 166 000 individuals are living with HIV, representing a prevalence of 1.98% in adults between 15 and 49 years of age. In a 2003 study in Luanda, 4.5% ...

  2. Epstein - Barr Virus

    OpenAIRE

    Štorkánová, Lenka

    2011-01-01

    Epstein-Barr virus Bachelor thesis summarizes the findings of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), its general characteristics, transmission and spread of the virus, symptoms of disease and subsequent therapy and recovery. More specifically, it focuses on infectious mononucleosis, as well as more generally to other diseases, which the Epstein-Barr virus causes. It includes details of the vaccine against EB virus. There are the statistics on the incidence of infectious mononucleosis.

  3. PENGARUH PERSENTASE PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jack DAN KULIT DURIAN (Durio Zibethinus Murr TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKA DAN MEKANIKA PAPAN SEMEN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Violet Burhanuddin

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Penelitian sifat fisika meliputi kerapatan, kadar air, penyerapan air dan pengembangan tebal dan sifat mekanika meliputi keteguhan lentur (MoE keteguhan patah (MoR serta  pengurangan tebal akibat tekanan. Rancangan Percobaan Yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL dengan 3 perlakuan yaitu 100% pelepah kelapa sawit; 100% kulit durian dan  50% pelepah kelapa sawit : 50% kulit durian dengan 3 kali ulangan. Standar yang digunakan untuk perbandingan  yaitu SNI–03– 2104-1991-A. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut : Sifat Fisika yaitu kerapatan rata-rata antara 100% Pelepah Kelapa Sawit, 100% Kulit Durian dan 50% Pelepah kelapa sawit : 50% kulit Durian berturut-turut adalah 0,90 gr/ cm3, 0,91 gr/ cm3, 0,81 gr/ cm3, Kadar air rata-rata antara 100% Pelepah Kelapa Sawit, 100% Kulit Durian dan 50% Pelepah kelapa sawit : 50% kulit Durian berturut-turut adalah 7,37%, 6,59%, 7,08%, Penyerapan air rata-rata antara 100% Pelepah Kelapa Sawit, 100% Kulit Durian dan 50% Pelepah kelapa sawit : 50% kulit Durian berturut-turut adalah 49,51%, 44,99%, 50,11%, Pengembangan tebal rata-rata antara 100% Pelepah Kelapa Sawit, 100% Kulit Durian dan 50% Pelepah kelapa sawit : 50% kulit Durian berturut-turut adalah 1,67%, 2,04%, 3,44%, Kerapatan, kadar air, penyerapan air dan pengembangan tebal tidak berpengaruh nyata. Sifat Mekanika yaitu Keteguhan lentur (MoE rata-rata antara 100% Pelepah Kelapa Sawit, 100% Kulit Durian dan 50% Pelepah kelapa sawit : 50% kulit Durian berturut-turut adalah 7.350,68 kg/cm2, 3.590,43 kg/cm2, Keteguhan patah (MoR rata-rata antara 100% Pelepah Kelapa Sawit, 100% Kulit Durian dan 50% Pelepah kelapa sawit : 50% kulit Durian berturut-turut adalah 11,82kg/cm2, 8,66kg/cm2, 4,53 kg/cm2Pengurangan tebal akibat tekanan rata-rata antara 100% Pelepah Kelapa Sawit, 100% Kulit Durian dan 50% Pelepah kelapa sawit : 50% kulit Durian berturut-turut adalah 8,92 %, 10,01 %, 9,92 %, Keteguhan patah (MoR berpengaruh nyata sedangkan keteguhan

  4. Emerging influenza viruses and the prospect of a universal influenza virus vaccine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Krammer, Florian

    2015-05-01

    Influenza viruses cause annual seasonal epidemics and pandemics at irregular intervals. Several cases of human infections with avian and swine influenza viruses have been detected recently, warranting enhanced surveillance and the development of more effective countermeasures to address the pandemic potential of these viruses. The most effective countermeasure against influenza virus infection is the use of prophylactic vaccines. However, vaccines that are currently in use for seasonal influenza viruses have to be re-formulated and re-administered in a cumbersome process every year due to the antigenic drift of the virus. Furthermore, current seasonal vaccines are ineffective against novel pandemic strains. This paper reviews zoonotic influenza viruses with pandemic potential and technological advances towards better vaccines that induce broad and long lasting protection from influenza virus infection. Recent efforts have focused on the development of broadly protective/universal influenza virus vaccines that can provide immunity against drifted seasonal influenza virus strains but also against potential pandemic viruses. Copyright © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  5. Virus-host interaction in feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Taniwaki, Sueli Akemi; Figueiredo, Andreza Soriano; Araujo, João Pessoa

    2013-12-01

    Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection has been the focus of several studies because this virus exhibits genetic and pathogenic characteristics that are similar to those of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). FIV causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in cats, nevertheless, a large fraction of infected cats remain asymptomatic throughout life despite of persistent chronic infection. This slow disease progression may be due to the presence of factors that are involved in the natural resistance to infection and the immune response that is mounted by the animals, as well as due to the adaptation of the virus to the host. Therefore, the study of virus-host interaction is essential to the understanding of the different patterns of disease course and the virus persistence in the host, and to help with the development of effective vaccines and perhaps the cure of FIV and HIV infections. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. Systematic analysis of protein identity between Zika virus and other arthropod-borne viruses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chang, Hsiao-Han; Huber, Roland G; Bond, Peter J; Grad, Yonatan H; Camerini, David; Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian; Lipsitch, Marc

    2017-07-01

    To analyse the proportions of protein identity between Zika virus and dengue, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, West Nile and chikungunya viruses as well as polymorphism between different Zika virus strains. We used published protein sequences for the Zika virus and obtained protein sequences for the other viruses from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) protein database or the NCBI virus variation resource. We used BLASTP to find regions of identity between viruses. We quantified the identity between the Zika virus and each of the other viruses, as well as within-Zika virus polymorphism for all amino acid k -mers across the proteome, with k ranging from 6 to 100. We assessed accessibility of protein fragments by calculating the solvent accessible surface area for the envelope and nonstructural-1 (NS1) proteins. In total, we identified 294 Zika virus protein fragments with both low proportion of identity with other viruses and low levels of polymorphisms among Zika virus strains. The list includes protein fragments from all Zika virus proteins, except NS3. NS4A has the highest number (190 k -mers) of protein fragments on the list. We provide a candidate list of protein fragments that could be used when developing a sensitive and specific serological test to detect previous Zika virus infections.

  7. Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum)-Virus Diseases

    Science.gov (United States)

    At least six viruses have been found in highbush blueberry plantings in the Pacific Northwest: Blueberry mosaic virus, Blueberry red ringspot virus, Blueberry scorch virus, Blueberry shock virus, Tobacco ringspot virus, and Tomato ringspot virus. Six other virus and virus-like diseases of highbush b...

  8. Single virus genomics: a new tool for virus discovery.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lisa Zeigler Allen

    Full Text Available Whole genome amplification and sequencing of single microbial cells has significantly influenced genomics and microbial ecology by facilitating direct recovery of reference genome data. However, viral genomics continues to suffer due to difficulties related to the isolation and characterization of uncultivated viruses. We report here on a new approach called 'Single Virus Genomics', which enabled the isolation and complete genome sequencing of the first single virus particle. A mixed assemblage comprised of two known viruses; E. coli bacteriophages lambda and T4, were sorted using flow cytometric methods and subsequently immobilized in an agarose matrix. Genome amplification was then achieved in situ via multiple displacement amplification (MDA. The complete lambda phage genome was recovered with an average depth of coverage of approximately 437X. The isolation and genome sequencing of uncultivated viruses using Single Virus Genomics approaches will enable researchers to address questions about viral diversity, evolution, adaptation and ecology that were previously unattainable.

  9. Resistance to Two Heterologous Neurotropic Oncolytic Viruses, Semliki Forest Virus and Vaccinia Virus, in Experimental Glioma

    Science.gov (United States)

    Le Boeuf, Fabrice; Lemay, Chantal; De Silva, Naomi; Diallo, Jean-Simon; Cox, Julie; Becker, Michelle; Choi, Youngmin; Ananth, Abhirami; Sellers, Clara; Breton, Sophie; Roy, Dominic; Falls, Theresa; Brun, Jan; Hemminki, Akseli; Hinkkanen, Ari; Bell, John C.

    2013-01-01

    Attenuated Semliki Forest virus (SFV) may be suitable for targeting malignant glioma due to its natural neurotropism, but its replication in brain tumor cells may be restricted by innate antiviral defenses. We attempted to facilitate SFV replication in glioma cells by combining it with vaccinia virus, which is capable of antagonizing such defenses. Surprisingly, we found parenchymal mouse brain tumors to be refractory to both viruses. Also, vaccinia virus appears to be sensitive to SFV-induced antiviral interference. PMID:23221568

  10. Importancia dopaminérgica en farmacodinamia de cocaína evaluada por alteraciones de GABA y glutamato en el núcleo accumbens de ratas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edgar A. Gélvez

    1996-06-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo se propuso demostrar la importancia del sistema dopaminérgico en la farmacodinamia de cocaína en el SNC de ratas. Este postulado se verificó evaluando las alteraciones de GABA y glutamato en el núcleo accumbens. Este enfoque se sustenta en la gran cantidad de evidencias que muestran, consistentemente alteraciones en la actividad dopaminérgica por cocaína. Además, el GABA y el glutamato tienen gran importancia en los efectos agudos y crónicos por cocaína. Es bien conocida la interrelación de GABA y glutamato con la actividad dopaminérgica en el núcleo accumbens. Se diseñó un estudio por 16 días de administración de cocaína a ratas a la dosis inicial de 30 mglkgldía (IP con incremento de 5 mglkg cada 4 días, a las cuales se les había lesionado la actividad dopaminérgica en el núcleo accumbens con la neurotoxina 6- hidroxidopamina en ácido ascórbico. Además, se conformó un grupo basal que recibió estereotáxicamante, en el núcleo accumbens, ácido ascórbico en solución salina 0,9% y se trató con un volumen correspondiente de solución salina (IP y, un grupo control, al cual estereotáxicamente, en el núcleo mencionado, se le administró 6-OHDA (en ácido ascórbico, recibiendo posteriormente como tratamiento solución salina (IP. La determinación de los niveles de GABA y glutamato se realizó por métodos enzimáticos. Se observó que la administración crónica de cocaína produce una disminución significativa en el nivel de GABA en el núcleo accumbens del grupo problema, con relación a los grupos basal y control. En tanto, el nivel de glutamato en el grupo problema mostró un incremento significativo con relación al grupo basal, pero, no con relación al grupo control. En conclusión, los resultados de este trabajo sostienen la hipótesis del papel importante que tiene la dopamina en la farmacoterapia de cocaína a través de las alteraciones en los niveles de GABA y glutamato o alteraciones en

  11. Detection of sweet potato virus C, sweet potato virus 2 and sweet potato feathery mottle virus in Portugal.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Varanda, Carla M R; Santos, Susana J; Oliveira, Mônica D M; Clara, Maria Ivone E; Félix, Maria Rosário F

    2015-06-01

    Field sweet potato plants showing virus-like symptoms, as stunting, leaf distortion, mosaic and chlorosis, were collected in southwest Portugal and tested for the presence of four potyviruses, sweet potato virus C (SPVC), sweet potato virus 2 (SPV2), sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), sweet potato virus G (SPVG), and the crinivirus sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV). DsRNA fractions were extracted from symptomatic leaves and used as templates in single and multiplex RT-PCR assays using previously described specific primers for each analyzed virus. The amplified reaction products for SPVC, SPV2 and SPFMV were of expected size, and direct sequencing of PCR products revealed that they correspond to the coat protein gene (CP) and showed 98%, 99% and 99% identity, respectively, to those viruses. Comparison of the CP genomic and amino acid sequences of the Portuguese viral isolates recovered here with those of ten other sequences of isolates obtained in different countries retrieved from the GenBank showed very few differences. The application of the RT-PCR assays revealed for the first time the presence of SPVC and SPFMV in the sweet potato crop in Portugal, the absence of SPVG and SPCSV in tested plants, as well as the occurrence of triple virus infections under field conditions.

  12. HARGA OPTIMALTIKET MASUK WISATA ALAM BANTIMURUNG, SULAWESI SELATAN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    wahyudi isnan

    2017-02-01

    Rp75.000 diperoleh penerimaan sebesar Rp18.230.700.000. Nilai kesediaan membayar rata-rata dari pengunjung adalah sebesar Rp118.032, dengan harga tiket masuk sebesar Rp75.000 maka, rata-rata pengunjung akan mendapatkan surplus konsumen sebesar Rp43.032. Jika yang diinginkan oleh pengelola adalah kenaikan jumlah penerimaan, maka harga tiket masuk dapat dinaikkan menjadi Rp75.000.

  13. Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP Pada Jaringan Nirkabel Berbasis Raspberry Pi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rini Handayani

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP merupakan satu teknologi telekomunikasi yang mampu melewatkan layanan komunikasi dalam jaringan Internet Protocol sehingga memungkinkan antar pengguna berkomunikasi suara dalam jaringan IP. Kelebihan dari VoIP ini mampu melakukan efisiensi bandwith dan biaya pengelolaan dengan memanfaatkan Raspberry Pi sebagai server VoIP. Dalam penelitian ini, VoIP dibangun pada Sistem Operasi Linux dengan aplikasi Asterisk dan RasPBX yang diintegrasikan pada Raspberry Pi dengan menggunakan jaringan nirkabel lokal sebagai media transmisi. Sistem ini diujikan dengan menggunakan dua tipe client, yaitu PC dan smartphone dengan mengukur QoS dengan rata-rata delay 0.4463ms, rata-rata throughput 16.36KBps, rata-rata packet loss 0.889% dan jitter 1.102ms.

  14. Hepatitis E virus and fulminant hepatitis--a virus or host-specific pathology?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Smith, Donald B; Simmonds, Peter

    2015-04-01

    Fulminant hepatitis is a rare outcome of infection with hepatitis E virus. Several recent reports suggest that virus variation is an important determinant of disease progression. To critically examine the evidence that virus-specific factors underlie the development of fulminant hepatitis following hepatitis E virus infection. Published sequence information of hepatitis E virus isolates from patients with and without fulminant hepatitis was collected and analysed using statistical tests to identify associations between virus polymorphisms and disease outcome. Fulminant hepatitis has been reported following infection with all four hepatitis E virus genotypes that infect humans comprising multiple phylogenetic lineages within genotypes 1, 3 and 4. Analysis of virus sequences from individuals infected by a common source did not detect any common substitutions associated with progression to fulminant hepatitis. Re-analysis of previously reported associations between virus substitutions and fulminant hepatitis suggests that these were probably the result of sampling biases. Host-specific factors rather than virus genotype, variants or specific substitutions appear to be responsible for the development of fulminant hepatitis. © 2014 The Authors. Liver International Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  15. Circulating avian influenza viruses closely related to the 1918 virus have pandemic potential

    Science.gov (United States)

    Watanabe, Tokiko; Zhong, Gongxun; Russell, Colin A.; Nakajima, Noriko; Hatta, Masato; Hanson, Anthony; McBride, Ryan; Burke, David F.; Takahashi, Kenta; Fukuyama, Satoshi; Tomita, Yuriko; Maher, Eileen A.; Watanabe, Shinji; Imai, Masaki; Neumann, Gabriele; Hasegawa, Hideki; Paulson, James C.; Smith, Derek J.; Kawaoka, Yoshihiro

    2014-01-01

    Summary Wild birds harbor a large gene pool of influenza A viruses that have the potential to cause influenza pandemics. Foreseeing and understanding this potential is important for effective surveillance. Our phylogenetic and geographic analyses revealed the global prevalence of avian influenza virus genes whose proteins differ only a few amino acids from the 1918 pandemic influenza virus, suggesting that 1918-like pandemic viruses may emerge in the future. To assess this risk, we generated and characterized a virus composed of avian influenza viral segments with high homology to the 1918 virus. This virus exhibited higher pathogenicity in mice and ferrets than an authentic avian influenza virus. Further, acquisition of seven amino acid substitutions in the viral polymerases and the hemagglutinin surface glycoprotein conferred respiratory droplet transmission to the 1918-like avian virus in ferrets, demonstrating that contemporary avian influenza viruses with 1918 virus-like proteins may have pandemic potential. PMID:24922572

  16. Lack of Durable Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies Against Zika Virus from Dengue Virus Infection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Collins, Matthew H; McGowan, Eileen; Jadi, Ramesh; Young, Ellen; Lopez, Cesar A; Baric, Ralph S; Lazear, Helen M; de Silva, Aravinda M

    2017-05-01

    Cross-reactive antibodies elicited by dengue virus (DENV) infection might affect Zika virus infection and confound serologic tests. Recent data demonstrate neutralization of Zika virus by monoclonal antibodies or human serum collected early after DENV infection. Whether this finding is true in late DENV convalescence (>6 months after infection) is unknown. We studied late convalescent serum samples from persons with prior DENV or Zika virus exposure. Despite extensive cross-reactivity in IgG binding, Zika virus neutralization was not observed among primary DENV infections. We observed low-frequency (23%) Zika virus cross-neutralization in repeat DENV infections. DENV-immune persons who had Zika virus as a secondary infection had distinct populations of antibodies that neutralized DENVs and Zika virus, as shown by DENV-reactive antibody depletion experiments. These data suggest that most DENV infections do not induce durable, high-level Zika virus cross-neutralizing antibodies. Zika virus-specific antibody populations develop after Zika virus infection irrespective of prior DENV immunity.

  17. Ganjam virus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sudeep, A B; Jadi, R S; Mishra, A C

    2009-11-01

    Ganjam virus (GANV), a member of genus Nairovirus of family Bunyavirdae is of considerable veterinary importance in India. Though, predominantly tick borne, GANV was also isolated from mosquitoes, man and sheep. Neutralizing and complement fixing antibodies to GANV have been detected in animal and human sera collected from different parts of the country. Thirty three strains of GANV have been isolated from India, mainly from Haemaphysalis ticks. The virus replicated in certain vertebrate and mosquito cell lines and found pathogenic to laboratory animals. One natural infection and five laboratory-acquired infections in men were also reported. GANV is antigenically related to Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV) of Africa, which is highly pathogenic for sheep and goats causing 70-90 per cent mortality among the susceptible population. Recent molecular studies have demonstrated that GANV is an Asian variant of NSDV and both these viruses are related to the dreaded Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) group viruses. The versatility of the virus to replicate in different arthropod species, its ability to infect sheep, goat and man makes it an important zoonotic agent.

  18. KOMPARASI KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA DENGAN MODEL LEARNING CYCLE DAN TIME TOKEN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arin Ayundhita

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah model pembelajaran Learning Cycle 5E dan model pembelajaran Time Token pada siswa kelas VIII materi keliling dan luas lingkaran dapat mencapai ketuntasan belajar dan untuk mengetahui manakah yang lebih baik antara model pembelajaran Learning Cycle 5E dan model pembelajaran Time Token. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Sine Kabupaten Ngawi tahun pelajaran 2013/2014. Dengan menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling, terpilih sampel yaitu siswa kelas VIII A sebagai kelas eksperimen 1 dan kelas VIII E sebagai kelas eksperimen 2. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode dokumentasi, tes, dan observasi. Analisis data menggunakan uji proporsi dan uji perbedaan dua rata-rata. Dari hasil uji ketuntasan belajar diperoleh siswa kelas eksperimen 1 mencapai ketuntasan belajar klasikal sementara kelas eksperimen 2 belum mencapai ketuntasan belajar klasikal. Dari hasil uji perbedaan rata-rata satu pihak diperoleh rata-rata kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa kelas eksperimen 1 lebih baik daripada rata-rata kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa kelas eksperimen 2. Simpulan yang diperoleh adalah model pembelajaran Learning Cycle 5E lebih baik dari pembelajaran dengan model Time Token.

  19. Removable Watermarking Sebagai Pengendalian Terhadap Cyber Crime Pada Audio Digital

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Reyhani Lian Putri

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available Perkembangan teknologi informasi yang pesat menuntut penggunanya untuk lebih berhati-hati seiring semakin meningkatnya cyber crime.Banyak pihak telah mengembangkan berbagai teknik perlindungan data digital, salah satunya adalah watermarking. Teknologi watermarking berfungsi untuk memberikan identitas, melindungi, atau menandai data digital, baik audio, citra, ataupun video, yang mereka miliki. Akan tetapi, teknik tersebut masih dapat diretas oleh oknum-oknum yang tidak bertanggung jawab.Pada penelitian ini, proses watermarking diterapkan pada audio digital dengan menyisipkan watermark yang terdengar jelas oleh indera pendengaran manusia (perceptible pada audio host.Hal ini bertujuan agar data audio dapat terlindungi dan apabila ada pihak lain yang ingin mendapatkan data audio tersebut harus memiliki “kunci” untuk menghilangkan watermark. Proses removable watermarking ini dilakukan pada data watermark yang sudah diketahui metode penyisipannya, agar watermark dapat dihilangkan sehingga kualitas audio menjadi lebih baik. Dengan menggunakan metode ini diperoleh kinerja audio watermarking pada nilai distorsi tertinggi dengan rata-rata nilai SNR sebesar7,834 dB dan rata-rata nilai ODG sebesar -3,77.Kualitas audio meningkat setelah watermark dihilangkan, di mana rata-rata SNR menjadi sebesar 24,986 dB dan rata-rata ODG menjadi sebesar -1,064 serta nilai MOS sebesar 4,40.

  20. Implementasi Encoder dan Decoder Cyclic Redundancy Check Pada TMS320C6416T

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Grace Natalia

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available CRC merupakan metode yang paling populer digunakan saat ini karena kemampuanya paling baik dalam mendeteksi error. Pada Tugas Akhir ini memaparkan bagaimana CRC diimplementasikan pada TMS320C6416T. Evaluasi yang akan diteliti yaitu kinerja proses encoder dan decoder CRC sebagai fungsi Eb/No dari error per blok melalui kanal ideal AWGN  dengan modulasi BPSK serta melihat seberapa besar kemampuan CRC dalam mendeteksi kesalahan. Pengujian yang dilakukan melalui simulink matlab dan implementasi secara real ke dalam TMS320C6416T.  Adapun kode CRC yang dipilih yaitu CRC-8 dan CRC-16 dimana pada implementasi pada TMS dilakukan pengiriman sebesar 100.000 bit dalam 12.500 frame.  Hasil pengujian yang diperoleh yaitu jumlah error yang dideteksi pada CRC-8 rata-rata jumlah error adalah 2.750 frame dan rata-rata jumlah error bit informasi  1.957 bit. Sedangkan untuk CRC-16  rata-rata jumlah error adalah 3.520 frame dan rata-rata jumlah error per bit informasi yaitu 1.971 bit. Dari pengujian membuktikan bahwa kemampuan CRC-16 dalam menjaga keamanan data bit informasi jauh lebih baik dibandingkan dengan CRC-8.

  1. The Drosophila Nora virus is an enteric virus, transmitted via feces.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Habayeb, Mazen S; Cantera, Rafael; Casanova, Gabriela; Ekström, Jens-Ola; Albright, Shannon; Hultmark, Dan

    2009-04-01

    The biology of the Drosophila viruses has not been intensely investigated. Here we have investigated the biology of the Nora virus, a persistent Drosophila virus. We find that injected Nora virus is able to replicate in the files, reaching a high titer that is maintained in the next generation. There is a remarkable variation in the viral loads of individual flies in persistently infected stocks; the titers can differ by three orders of magnitude. The Nora virus is mainly found in the intestine of infected flies, and the histology of these infected intestines show increased vacuolization. The virus is excreted in the feces and is horizontally transmitted. The Nora virus infection has a very mild effect on the longevity of the flies, and no significant effect on the number of eggs laid and the percent of eggs that develop to adults.

  2. Herpes viruses and human papilloma virus in nasal polyposis and controls

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dimitrios Ioannidis

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is a multifactorial disease entity with an unclear pathogenesis. Contradictory data exist in the literature on the potential implication of viral elements in adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of human herpes viruses (1-6 and Human Papilloma Virus in adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and healthy controls. METHODS: Viral DNA presence was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction application to nasal polyps specimens from 91 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps patients and nasal turbinate mucosa from 38 healthy controls. RESULTS: Epstein-Barr virus positivity was higher in nasal polyps (24/91; 26.4% versus controls (4/38; 10.5%, but the difference did not reach significance (p = 0.06. Human herpes virus-6 positivity was lower in nasal polyps (13/91; 14.29% versus controls (10/38; 26.32%,p = 0.13. In chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps group, 1 sample was herpes simplex virus-1-positive (1/91; 1.1%, and another was cytomegalovirus-positive (1/91; 1.1%, versus none in controls. No sample was positive for herpes simplex virus-2, varicella-zoster virus, high-risk-human papilloma viruses (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 and low-risk-human papilloma viruses (6, 11. CONCLUSION: Differences in Epstein-Barr virus and human herpes virus-6 positivity among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and healthy controls are not statistically significant, weakening the likelihood of their implication in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps pathogenesis.

  3. Evaluation of recombinant influenza virus-simian immunodeficiency virus vaccines in macaques.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sexton, Amy; De Rose, Robert; Reece, Jeanette C; Alcantara, Sheilajen; Loh, Liyen; Moffat, Jessica M; Laurie, Karen; Hurt, Aeron; Doherty, Peter C; Turner, Stephen J; Kent, Stephen J; Stambas, John

    2009-08-01

    There is an urgent need for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines that induce robust mucosal immunity. Influenza A viruses (both H1N1 and H3N2) were engineered to express simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) CD8 T-cell epitopes and evaluated following administration to the respiratory tracts of 11 pigtail macaques. Influenza virus was readily detected from respiratory tract secretions, although the infections were asymptomatic. Animals seroconverted to influenza virus and generated CD8 and CD4 T-cell responses to influenza virus proteins. SIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses bearing the mucosal homing marker beta7 integrin were induced by vaccination of naïve animals. Further, SIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses could be boosted by recombinant influenza virus-SIV vaccination of animals with already-established SIV infection. Sequential vaccination with influenza virus-SIV recombinants of different subtypes (H1N1 followed by H3N2 or vice versa) produced only a limited boost in immunity, probably reflecting T-cell immunity to conserved internal proteins of influenza A virus. SIV challenge of macaques vaccinated with an influenza virus expressing a single SIV CD8 T cell resulted in a large anamnestic recall CD8 T-cell response, but immune escape rapidly ensued and there was no impact on chronic SIV viremia. Although our results suggest that influenza virus-HIV vaccines hold promise for the induction of mucosal immunity to HIV, broader antigen cover will be needed to limit cytotoxic T-lymphocyte escape.

  4. Schmallenberg virus – et nyt virus hos drøvtyggere

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lohse, Louise

    undersøgelser på laboratoriet, blev alle prøver i en længere periode testet negative for kendte patogener, der evt. kunne tænkes at knytte sig til disse sygdomsudbrud. Efterfølgende fandt man ved sekvensanalyse på DNA/RNA oprenset fra prøvematerialet lighed med virus fra orthobunyavirusgruppen. Disse virus er...... normalt vektorbårne og er kendt som årsag til sygdom i drøvtyggere i Australien, Asien, Afrika og Mellemøsten. Det nye virus blev kaldt Schmallenberg virus (SBV) efter stedet hvor det første tilfælde blev påvist. Siden har Schmallenberg virus spredt sig og er nu påvist i får, kvæg og geder i Tyskland......, Holland, Belgien, Luxembourg, Frankrig, Spanien, Italien og Storbritannien (status april 2012). Det antages, at virus overføres med mitter og myg og inkubationstiden har fra eksperimentelle forsøg vist sig at være kort (1-4 dage). Virus cirkulerer få dage i blodet og manifesterer sig ved milde uspecifikke...

  5. PERTUMBUHAN Kappaphycus alvarezii YANG TERKONTAMINASI EPIFIT DI PERAIRAN SUMENEP

    OpenAIRE

    Arisandi, Apri; Farid, Akhmad; Rokhmaniati, Sri

    2013-01-01

    Peningkatan suhu musim kemarau yang relatif tinggi memicu peningkatan kontaminasi penyakit dan epifit di perairan Sumenep, sehingga mempengaruhi rata-rata pertumbuhan harian Kappaphycus alvarezii.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak kontaminasi epifit, terhadap pertumbuhan K. alvarezii di perairan Sumenep.  Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode budidaya dalam rakit apung, thallus K. alvarezii yang terkontaminasi epifit diamati serta dihitung rata-rata pertumbuhan hariannya.  H...

  6. Sensitive radioimmunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses. [Cauliflower mosaic virus, lettuce mosaic virus

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ghabrial, S A; Shepherd, R J [Kentucky Univ., Lexington (USA); California Univ., Davis (USA))

    1980-06-01

    A simple and highly sensitive radioimmunosorbent assay (RISA) for the detection of plant viruses is described. The RISA procedure is a microplate method based on the principle of 'double-antibody sandwich' and follows essentially the protocol of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Clark and Adams, 1977), with the exception that /sup 125/I-labelled ..gamma..-globulin is substituted for the ..gamma..-globulin enzyme conjugate; the bound /sup 125/I-..gamma..-globulin is dissociated by acidification from the double-antibody sandwich. The radioactivity is proportional to virus concentration, and cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) could be detected at concentrations as low as 5 and 2 ng/ml, respectively. Direct evidence of the adverse effects of conjugation with enzyme on the binding abilities of antibodies is presented. The RISA procedure should prove valuable with viruses for which the ELISA values are too low to be dependable.

  7. PERTUMBUHAN Kappaphycus alvarezii YANG TERKONTAMINASI EPIFIT DI PERAIRAN SUMENEP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Apri Arisandi

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Peningkatan suhu musim kemarau yang relatif tinggi memicu peningkatan kontaminasi penyakit dan epifit di perairan Sumenep, sehingga mempengaruhi rata-rata pertumbuhan harian Kappaphycus alvarezii.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak kontaminasi epifit, terhadap pertumbuhan K. alvarezii di perairan Sumenep.  Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode budidaya dalam rakit apung, thallus K. alvarezii yang terkontaminasi epifit diamati serta dihitung rata-rata pertumbuhan hariannya.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan,kontaminasi epifitmenyebabkanrata-rata pertumbuhan harian K. alvareziimenurunhingga-0,07% sampai 0,92%, oleh karena itu K. alvareziiyang telah terkontaminasiharus segera dipanen.Kata Kunci: epifit, pertumbuhan, K. alvarezii

  8. Release of Virus from Lymphoid Tissue Affects Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Hepatitis C Virus Kinetics in the Blood

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Müller, Viktor; Marée, Athanasius F.M.; Boer, R.J. de

    2000-01-01

    Kinetic parameters of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections have been estimated from plasma virus levels following perturbation of the chronically infected (quasi-) steady state. We extend previous models by also considering the large pool of virus

  9. Hepatitis E Virus and Related Viruses in Animals.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thiry, D; Mauroy, A; Pavio, N; Purdy, M A; Rose, N; Thiry, E; de Oliveira-Filho, E F

    2017-02-01

    Hepatitis E is an acute human liver disease in healthy individuals which may eventually become chronic. It is caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV) and can have a zoonotic origin. Nearly 57,000 people die yearly from hepatitis E-related conditions. The disease is endemic in both developing and developed countries with distinct epidemiologic profiles. In developing countries, the disease is associated with inadequate water treatment, while in developed countries, transmission is associated with animal contact and the ingestion of raw or uncooked meat, especially liver. All human HEV are grouped into at least four genotypes, while HEV or HEV-related viruses have been identified in an increasing number of domestic and wild animal species. Despite a high genetic diversity, only one single HEV serotype has been described to date for HEV genotypes 1-4. The discovery of new HEV or HEV-related viruses leads to a continuing increase in the number of genotypes. In addition, the genome organization of all these viruses is variable with overlapping open reading frames (ORF) and differences in the location of ORF3. In spite of the role of some domestic and wild animals as reservoir, the origin of HEV and HEV-related viruses in humans and animals is still unclear. This review discusses aspects of the detection, molecular virology, zoonotic transmission and origin of HEV and HEV-related viruses in the context of 'One Health' and establishes a link between the previous and the new taxonomy of this growing virus family. © 2015 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  10. "The evil virus cell": Students' knowledge and beliefs about viruses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Simon, Uwe K; Enzinger, Sonja M; Fink, Andreas

    2017-01-01

    Education about virus biology at school is of pivotal interest to raise public awareness concerning means of disease transmission and, thus, methods to prevent infection, and to reduce unnecessary antibiotic treatment due to patient pressure on physicians in case of viral diseases such as influenza. This study aimed at making visible the knowledge of Austrian high school and university students with respect to virus biology, virus structure and health-education issues. The data presented here stem from comprehensive questionnaire analyses, including the task to draw a virus, from a cross-sectional study with 133 grade 7 and 199 grade 10 high school students, and 133 first-year biology and 181 first-year non-biology university students. Analyses were performed both quantitatively and qualitatively. ANOVA revealed a highly significant group effect for total knowledge relating to virus biology and health issues (F(3, 642) = 44.17, p students and grade 10 high school students. Students enrolled in university-level biology outperformed all other groups, even though they had not yet encountered this topic at their courses; part of this phenomenon might be due to their affinity for learning about biological topics. However, even many first-year biology students had a high number of severe misconceptions, e.g., defining a virus as a pro- or eukaryotic cell, or falsely naming malaria as a viral disease. Since there was no significant difference in virus-related knowledge between high schools, virus biology seems to have been taught similarly among the tested schools. However, the majority of participants stated that the virus-related knowledge they had acquired at school was not sufficient. Based on the results presented here we urgently suggest improving and intensifying teaching this topic at school, since virus-related knowledge was by far too fragmentary among many participants. Such lack of health-relevant knowledge may contribute to pressure on physicians by patients

  11. Herpes viruses and human papilloma virus in nasal polyposis and controls.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ioannidis, Dimitrios; Lachanas, Vasileios A; Florou, Zoe; Bizakis, John G; Petinaki, Efthymia; Skoulakis, Charalampos E

    2015-01-01

    Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is a multifactorial disease entity with an unclear pathogenesis. Contradictory data exist in the literature on the potential implication of viral elements in adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. To compare the prevalence of human herpes viruses (1-6) and Human Papilloma Virus in adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and healthy controls. Viral DNA presence was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction application to nasal polyps specimens from 91 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps patients and nasal turbinate mucosa from 38 healthy controls. Epstein-Barr virus positivity was higher in nasal polyps (24/91; 26.4%) versus controls (4/38; 10.5%), but the difference did not reach significance (p=0.06). Human herpes virus-6 positivity was lower in nasal polyps (13/91; 14.29%) versus controls (10/38; 26.32%, p=0.13). In chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps group, 1 sample was herpes simplex virus-1-positive (1/91; 1.1%), and another was cytomegalovirus-positive (1/91; 1.1%), versus none in controls. No sample was positive for herpes simplex virus-2, varicella-zoster virus, high-risk-human papilloma viruses (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59) and low-risk-human papilloma viruses (6, 11). Differences in Epstein-Barr virus and human herpes virus-6 positivity among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and healthy controls are not statistically significant, weakening the likelihood of their implication in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps pathogenesis. Copyright © 2015 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

  12. Ingesta y evolución ponderal de ratas alimentadas con diferentes aceites crudos y fritos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pérez-Granados, A. M.

    1998-04-01

    Full Text Available Olive oil, sunflower oil and palm olein, unused or used in repeated potato frying until the oils reached the limit of 25% of polar compounds (PC were used. Wistar rats were fed over 28 days diets containing 8% of: olive oil, olive oil from 48 fryings, olive oil from 69 fryings (25% PC, sunflower oil, sunflower oil from 48 fryings (25% PC, palm olein and palm olein from 80 fryings (25% PC Body weight and food intake were monitored weekly and food efficiency was calculated. At the end of the experiment the animals were sacrificed to separate the liver and calculate the hepatosomatic index. The consumption of frying oils did not modify food Intake, body weight food efficiency nor liver weight but hepatosomatic index was higher in rats consuming frying palm olein compared to unused palm olein.

    Se utilizaron aceites de oliva, girasol y oleína de palma, crudos o procedentes de frituras repetidas de patatas sin reposición de aceite hasta alcanzar el límite del 25% de compuestos polares (CP. Ratas Wistar se alimentaron durante 28 días con dietas que contenían un 8% de: aceite de oliva, aceite de oliva de 48 frituras, aceite de oliva de 69 frituras (25% CP, aceite de girasol, aceite de girasol de 48 frituras (25% CP, oleína de palma y oleína de palma de 80 frituras (25% CP. Peso e ingesta se controlaron semanalmente y se calculó el coeficiente de eficacia alimentaria. Al final del experimento los animales se sacrificaron para extraer los hígados y determinar el índice hepatosomático. El consumo de los aceites empleados en fritura no modificó la ingesta, peso, coeficiente de eficacia alimentaria ni el peso de los hígados, observándose únicamente un incremento del índice hepatosomático en los animales que ingirieron la oleína de palma frita frente a la cruda.

  13. Computer Virus and Trends

    OpenAIRE

    Tutut Handayani; Soenarto Usna,Drs.MMSI

    2004-01-01

    Since its appearance the first time in the mid-1980s, computer virus has invited various controversies that still lasts to this day. Along with the development of computer systems technology, viruses komputerpun find new ways to spread itself through a variety of existing communications media. This paper discusses about some things related to computer viruses, namely: the definition and history of computer viruses; the basics of computer viruses; state of computer viruses at this time; and ...

  14. Influence of rofecoxib on experimental colonic carcinogenesis in rats Influencia del rofecoxib sobre la carcinogénesis cólica experimental en ratas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. F. Noguera Aguilar

    2004-10-01

    Full Text Available Aim: to investigate the effect of a selective cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2 inhibitor, rofecoxib, in the prevalence of experimental colon tumors in rats. Experimental design: experimental study with 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into four groups: a control group without experimental manipulation (n = 5; b pharmacological carcinogenesis with 1-2 dimethylhydrazine dihydrocloride (n = 10; c pharmacological carcinogenesis and addition of acetylsalicylic acid (AAS (n = 10; and d carcinogenesis and addition of rofecoxib (n = 10. Carcinogenesis was induced with 1-2 dimethylhydrazine at a weekly dose of 25 mg/kg for 18 weeks. Colon tumors were isolated at 20 weeks. Antiinflammatory agents were given at a dose of AAS 30 mg/kg and rofecoxib at 3 mg/kg. Results: the percentage of colonic tumors was significantly reduced in the rofecoxib group. This result was found for all tumors and for the malignant lesions, adenocarcinomas. Conclusions: rofecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, reduced the percentage of drug-induced neoplastic glandular tissue in rats.Objetivo: investigar el efecto de un inhibidor selectivo de la ciclooxigenasa-2, rofecoxib, en la incidencia de tumores cólicos a nivel experimental. Diseño experimental: estudio experimental con 35 ratas Sprague-Dawley macho, asignadas aleatoriamente a uno de los cuatro grupos: a control (n=5, sin manipulación experimental; b carcinogénesis farmacológica (n=10; c carcinogénesis farmacológica y ácido acetilsalicílico (n=10, con administración de este fármaco al tiempo de la carcinogénesis farmacológica; y d carcinogénesis farmacológica y rofecoxib (n=10 con administración de este fármaco junto a la carcinogénesis farmacológica. La inducción carcinogénica se realizó con 1-2 dimetilhidrazina dihidrocloruro a dosis semanal de 25 mg/kg de peso durante 18 semanas. Se analizaron los tumores cólicos inducidos en la semana 20. Los antiinflamatorios se administraron por vía oral a razón de

  15. Viruses in reptiles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ariel Ellen

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Abstract The etiology of reptilian viral diseases can be attributed to a wide range of viruses occurring across different genera and families. Thirty to forty years ago, studies of viruses in reptiles focused mainly on the zoonotic potential of arboviruses in reptiles and much effort went into surveys and challenge trials of a range of reptiles with eastern and western equine encephalitis as well as Japanese encephalitis viruses. In the past decade, outbreaks of infection with West Nile virus in human populations and in farmed alligators in the USA has seen the research emphasis placed on the issue of reptiles, particularly crocodiles and alligators, being susceptible to, and reservoirs for, this serious zoonotic disease. Although there are many recognised reptilian viruses, the evidence for those being primary pathogens is relatively limited. Transmission studies establishing pathogenicity and cofactors are likewise scarce, possibly due to the relatively low commercial importance of reptiles, difficulties with the availability of animals and permits for statistically sound experiments, difficulties with housing of reptiles in an experimental setting or the inability to propagate some viruses in cell culture to sufficient titres for transmission studies. Viruses as causes of direct loss of threatened species, such as the chelonid fibropapilloma associated herpesvirus and ranaviruses in farmed and wild tortoises and turtles, have re-focused attention back to the characterisation of the viruses as well as diagnosis and pathogenesis in the host itself. 1. Introduction 2. Methods for working with reptilian viruses 3. Reptilian viruses described by virus families 3.1. Herpesviridae 3.2. Iridoviridae 3.2.1 Ranavirus 3.2.2 Erythrocytic virus 3.2.3 Iridovirus 3.3. Poxviridae 3.4. Adenoviridae 3.5. Papillomaviridae 3.6. Parvoviridae 3.7. Reoviridae 3.8. Retroviridae and inclusion body disease of Boid snakes 3.9. Arboviruses 3.9.1. Flaviviridae 3

  16. Genomic characterisation of Almpiwar virus, Harrison Dam virus and Walkabout Creek virus; three novel rhabdoviruses from northern Australia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jane McAllister

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Rhabdoviridae represent a diverse group of viruses with the potential to cause disease in humans, animals and plants. Currently there are nine genera in the family; however a large number of rhabdoviruses remain unassigned. Here we characterise three novel rhabdoviruses genomes. Almpiwar virus (ALMV, isolated from skinks in northern Queensland, is the first completely sequenced rhabdovirus from squamates, with serological studies indicating multiple animal host species. Harrison Dam virus (HARDV and Walkabout Creek virus (WACV were isolated from mosquitoes in the Northern Territory and biting midges in southern Queensland respectively and their vertebrate hosts remain unknown. Serological cross-neutralisation tests with other Australian rhabdoviruses indicate that ALMV, WACV and HARDV are distinct viruses with little antigenic cross-reactivity. Next-generation sequencing revealed that all viruses encode the core proteins common to rhabdoviruses (N, P, M, G and L, plus additional ORFs between the M and G genes. HARDV also contains a small ORF between the G and L genes. Phylogenetic analysis of N and L proteins suggests that HARDV and WACV share a common lineage with the tupaviruses and Sandjimba group, whereas ALMV is a distinct and divergent virus showing no clear relationship to any rhabdovirus except the recently characterised Niahka virus (NIAV.

  17. Dampak belanja irigasi dan jaringan terhadap output PDRB sektor pertanian dan pertumbuhan ekonomi Kota Jambi

    OpenAIRE

    Aminah, Siti; Parmadi, Parmadi

    2018-01-01

    Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan Belanja irigasi dan jaringan serta perkembangan output GDP sektor pertanian Kota Jambi selama periode tahun 2005-2015 dan menganalisis pengaruh belanja irigasi dan jaringan terhadap  GDP Output sektor pertanian dan pertumbuhan ekonomi Kota Jambi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Selama periode penelitian tahun 2005-2015 dengan rata-rata pertumbuhan 61,98%, nilai rata-rata PDRB harga berlaku Kota Jambi sebesar 157.601,68 dalam juta rupi...

  18. Powassan (POW) Virus Basics

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Health Professionals Related Topics For International Travelers Powassan Virus Disease Basics Download this fact sheet formatted for ... Virus Disease Fact Sheet (PDF) What is Powassan virus? Powassan virus is a tickborne flavivirus that is ...

  19. Initial characterization of Vaccinia Virus B4 suggests a role in virus spread

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Burles, Kristin; Irwin, Chad R.; Burton, Robyn-Lee [Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2 (Canada); Schriewer, Jill [Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (United States); Evans, David H. [Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2 (Canada); Buller, R. Mark [Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (United States); Barry, Michele, E-mail: michele.barry@ualberta.ca [Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2 (Canada)

    2014-05-15

    Currently, little is known about the ankyrin/F-box protein B4. Here, we report that B4R-null viruses exhibited reduced plaque size in tissue culture, and decreased ability to spread, as assessed by multiple-step growth analysis. Electron microscopy indicated that B4R-null viruses still formed mature and extracellular virions; however, there was a slight decrease of virions released into the media following deletion of B4R. Deletion of B4R did not affect the ability of the virus to rearrange actin; however, VACV811, a large vaccinia virus deletion mutant missing 55 open reading frames, had decreased ability to produce actin tails. Using ectromelia virus, a natural mouse pathogen, we demonstrated that virus devoid of EVM154, the B4R homolog, showed decreased spread to organs and was attenuated during infection. This initial characterization suggests that B4 may play a role in virus spread, and that other unidentified mediators of actin tail formation may exist in vaccinia virus. - Highlights: • B4R-null viruses show reduced plaque size, and decreased ability to spread. • B4R-null viruses formed mature and extracellular virions; and rearranged actin. • Virus devoid of EVM154, the B4R homolog, was attenuated during infection. • Initial characterization suggests that B4 may play a role in virus spread. • Unidentified mediators of actin tail formation may exist in vaccinia virus.

  20. Initial characterization of Vaccinia Virus B4 suggests a role in virus spread

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Burles, Kristin; Irwin, Chad R.; Burton, Robyn-Lee; Schriewer, Jill; Evans, David H.; Buller, R. Mark; Barry, Michele

    2014-01-01

    Currently, little is known about the ankyrin/F-box protein B4. Here, we report that B4R-null viruses exhibited reduced plaque size in tissue culture, and decreased ability to spread, as assessed by multiple-step growth analysis. Electron microscopy indicated that B4R-null viruses still formed mature and extracellular virions; however, there was a slight decrease of virions released into the media following deletion of B4R. Deletion of B4R did not affect the ability of the virus to rearrange actin; however, VACV811, a large vaccinia virus deletion mutant missing 55 open reading frames, had decreased ability to produce actin tails. Using ectromelia virus, a natural mouse pathogen, we demonstrated that virus devoid of EVM154, the B4R homolog, showed decreased spread to organs and was attenuated during infection. This initial characterization suggests that B4 may play a role in virus spread, and that other unidentified mediators of actin tail formation may exist in vaccinia virus. - Highlights: • B4R-null viruses show reduced plaque size, and decreased ability to spread. • B4R-null viruses formed mature and extracellular virions; and rearranged actin. • Virus devoid of EVM154, the B4R homolog, was attenuated during infection. • Initial characterization suggests that B4 may play a role in virus spread. • Unidentified mediators of actin tail formation may exist in vaccinia virus

  1. How Hepatitis D Virus Can Hinder the Control of Hepatitis B Virus

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Xiridiou, M.; Borkent-Raven, B.; Hulshof, J.; Wallinga, J.

    2009-01-01

    Background: Hepatitis D (or hepatitis delta) virus is a defective virus that relies on hepatitis B virus (HBV) for transmission; infection with hepatitis D can occur only as coinfection with HBV or superinfection of an existing HBV infection. Because of the bond between the two viruses, control

  2. 9 CFR 113.215 - Bovine Virus Diarrhea Vaccine, Killed Virus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Bovine Virus Diarrhea Vaccine, Killed Virus. 113.215 Section 113.215 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE VIRUSES, SERUMS, TOXINS, AND ANALOGOUS PRODUCTS; ORGANISMS AND VECTORS STANDARD...

  3. Influenza (Flu) Viruses

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Types Seasonal Avian Swine Variant Pandemic Other Influenza (Flu) Viruses Language: English (US) Español Recommend on Facebook ... influenza circulate and cause illness. More Information about Flu Viruses Types of Influenza Viruses Influenza A and ...

  4. [The growth of attenuated strains of canine parvovirus, mink enteritis virus, feline panleukopenia virus, and rabies virus on various types of cell cultures].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zuffa, T

    1987-10-01

    The growth characteristics were studied in the attenuated strains of canine parvovirus CPVA-BN 80/82, mink enteritis virus MEVA-BN 63/82 and feline panleucopenia virus FPVA-BN 110/83 on the stable feline kidney cell line FE, and in the attenuated canine distemper virus CDV-F-BN 10/83 on chicken embryo cell cultures (KEB) and cultures of the stable cell line VERO. When the FE cultures were infected with different parvoviruses in cell suspension at MOI 2-4 TKID50 per cell, the first multiplication of the intracellular virus was recorded 20 hours p. i. In the canine parvovirus, the content of intracellular and extracellular virus continued increasing parallelly until the fourth day; then, from the fourth to the sixth day, the content of extracellular virus still increased whereas that of intracellular virus fell rapidly. In the case of the mink enteritis virus the release of the virus into the culture medium continued parallelly with the production of the cellular virus until the sixth day. In the case of the feline panleucopenia virus the values concerning free virus and virus bound to cells were lower, starting from the second day p. i. When KEB or VERO cultures were infected in cell suspension with the canine distemper virus at MOI about 0.004 per 1 cell, the replicated intracellular virus was first recorded in the KEB cultures five hours after infection but in the VERO cultures only 20 hours after infection, with a timely release of the virus into the culture medium in both kinds of tissue. In the KEB and VERO cultures the highest values of infection titres were recorded on the fourth day p. i., the course of virus multiplication on the cells being parallel with its release into the culture medium.

  5. Efecto del extracto metanólico y las fracciones acuosa y butanólica de Lepidium meyenii variedad roja sobre la función renal en ratas Sprague-Dawley macho tratadas durante 90 días

    OpenAIRE

    Bernuy Hurtado, Jeanette Marlene

    2017-01-01

    Introducción: La fracción n-butanólica del extracto metanólico de maca contiene alcaloides que se ha sugerido pueden ser tóxicos. Objetivo: conocer el efecto de la administración del extracto metanólico y la fracción acuosa y butanólica de maca roja por vía orogástrica sobre la función renal de ratas Sprague-Dawley macho durante 90 días. Métodos: Se distribuyeron en: Grupo 1: control (agua destilada), Grupo 2: (1g de extracto metanólico de maca roja/k/día), Grupo 3: (0.89gr de fracción acuosa...

  6. Viruses of asparagus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tomassoli, Laura; Tiberini, Antonio; Vetten, Heinrich-Josef

    2012-01-01

    The current knowledge on viruses infecting asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) is reviewed. Over half a century, nine virus species belonging to the genera Ilarvirus, Cucumovirus, Nepovirus, Tobamovirus, Potexvirus, and Potyvirus have been found in this crop. The potyvirus Asparagus virus 1 (AV1) and the ilarvirus Asparagus virus 2 (AV2) are widespread and negatively affect the economic life of asparagus crops reducing yield and increasing the susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stress. The main properties and epidemiology of AV1 and AV2 as well as diagnostic techniques for their detection and identification are described. Minor viruses and control are briefly outlined. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. EFECTO DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN INTRACEREBRAL DE MK-801 Y (- NICOTINA EN LAS CONCENTRACIONES EXTRACELULARES DE GLU Y GABA EN EL NÚCLEO PEDUNCULOPONTINO DE RATAS.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lisette Blanco

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Aunque la manipulación farmacológica de los sistemas glutamatérgico y colinérgico se ha tratado en modelos experimentales de enfermedad de Parkinson (EP, pocos autores han realizado estudios de esta temática a nivel del núcleo pedunculopontino (NPP. El presente trabajo aborda los cambios en las concentraciones extracelulares (CE de glutamato (Glu y ácido δ-amino butírico (GABA en el NPP de ratas hemiparkinsonizadas por inyección de 6-hidroxidopamina (6-OHDA y sometidas a la infusión local de MK-801 (10 mol/L o (- nicotina (10mM. La infusión se realizó mediante microdiálisis cerebral y la determinación de las CE de los neurotransmisores se realizó a través de cromatografía líquida de alta resolución acoplada a detección de fluorescencia. La infusión de MK-801 en el NPP produjo una disminución significativa de las CE de Glu (p

  8. Viruses and Breast Cancer

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lawson, James S.; Heng, Benjamin

    2010-01-01

    Viruses are the accepted cause of many important cancers including cancers of the cervix and anogenital area, the liver, some lymphomas, head and neck cancers and indirectly human immunodeficiency virus associated cancers. For over 50 years, there have been serious attempts to identify viruses which may have a role in breast cancer. Despite these efforts, the establishment of conclusive evidence for such a role has been elusive. However, the development of extremely sophisticated new experimental techniques has allowed the recent development of evidence that human papilloma virus, Epstein-Barr virus, mouse mammary tumor virus and bovine leukemia virus may each have a role in the causation of human breast cancers. This is potentially good news as effective vaccines are already available to prevent infections from carcinogenic strains of human papilloma virus, which causes cancer of the uterine cervix. PMID:24281093

  9. Viruses and Breast Cancer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lawson, James S.; Heng, Benjamin

    2010-01-01

    Viruses are the accepted cause of many important cancers including cancers of the cervix and anogenital area, the liver, some lymphomas, head and neck cancers and indirectly human immunodeficiency virus associated cancers. For over 50 years, there have been serious attempts to identify viruses which may have a role in breast cancer. Despite these efforts, the establishment of conclusive evidence for such a role has been elusive. However, the development of extremely sophisticated new experimental techniques has allowed the recent development of evidence that human papilloma virus, Epstein-Barr virus, mouse mammary tumor virus and bovine leukemia virus may each have a role in the causation of human breast cancers. This is potentially good news as effective vaccines are already available to prevent infections from carcinogenic strains of human papilloma virus, which causes cancer of the uterine cervix

  10. Viruses and Breast Cancer

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lawson, James S., E-mail: james.lawson@unsw.edu.au; Heng, Benjamin [School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney (Australia)

    2010-04-30

    Viruses are the accepted cause of many important cancers including cancers of the cervix and anogenital area, the liver, some lymphomas, head and neck cancers and indirectly human immunodeficiency virus associated cancers. For over 50 years, there have been serious attempts to identify viruses which may have a role in breast cancer. Despite these efforts, the establishment of conclusive evidence for such a role has been elusive. However, the development of extremely sophisticated new experimental techniques has allowed the recent development of evidence that human papilloma virus, Epstein-Barr virus, mouse mammary tumor virus and bovine leukemia virus may each have a role in the causation of human breast cancers. This is potentially good news as effective vaccines are already available to prevent infections from carcinogenic strains of human papilloma virus, which causes cancer of the uterine cervix.

  11. Comparação do processo de reparo ósseo em tíbias de ratas normais e osteopênicas Bone repair process in normal and osteopenic female rats' tibiae: a comparative study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angélica Rossi Sartori

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo foi comparar a consolidação óssea em tíbias de ratas normais e osteopênicas. 49 ratas albinas fêmeas, linhagem Wistar, peso médio de 160 (± 20g e 100 dias foram distribuídas em 2 grupos: Ooforectomizado (OOF e Pseudo-ooforectomizado (Grupo controle - SHAM. 30 dias após a ooforectomia e/ou cirurgia simulada, todas foram submetidas à produção de lesão óssea cortical. Foram sacrificadas na 2ª, 4ª, 6ª e 8ª semanas. Os osteoblastos foram contados. O peso aumentou progressivamente, porém as OOF apresentaram maior peso (pThe purpose was to compare tibial bone union in normal and osteopenic female rats. Forty-nine Wistar albino female rats weighing 160 g (±20g and 100 days were distributed into 2 groups: Oophorectomized (OOF and Pseudo-oophorectomized (SHAM. Thirty days later, a cortical injury was produced in all the animals. They were sacrificed in the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks. Osteoblasts count was performed. Progressive weight increase was observed, but the OOF group was shown to have gained more weight (p£0.05 than the SHAM group, at the time of the second surgery. After 15 days post-injury, the animals in the OOF group presented a higher number of osteoblasts (p£0.05 compared to the SHAM group. Thirty days after injury, the number of osteoblasts was reduced, but both groups showed similar amounts. Forty-five days after injury, despite a constant reduction, the number of osteoblasts in the OOF group remained high when compared to SHAM (p£0.05 group. After 60 days, we found less osteoblasts in the SHAM group, suggesting an advanced bone repair process. The osteopenic animals showed an early accelerated response, which became equivalent between both groups 30 days after injury. However, after that period, they showed a delayed osteoid mineralization, suggesting delayed late bone repair process.

  12. Efecto del adyuvante vacunal AFCo1 intranasal sobre la concentración plasmática de teofilina en ratas Effect of intranasal vaccine adjuvant AFCo1 on plasma concentration of theophylline in rats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexander Batista Duharte

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available En este estudio se evaluó el efecto del adyuvante Finlay cocleato 1 (AFCo1, aplicado 4 veces por vía intranasal en 2 niveles de dosis (50 µg y 100 µg sobre la concentración plasmática de teofilina, administrada a las 24 horas de la última aplicación (5 mg/kg, por vía intraperitoneal en ratas Sprague-Dawley. Se empleó como control positivo de inflamación la aplicación de 2 dosis por vía subcutánea de adyuvante completo de Freund (ACF. Las ratas que recibieron AFCo1 no mostraron cambios significativos en la concentración sérica de teofilina; mientras que las tratadas con ACF desarrollaron inflamación local asociadas a signos de toxicidad a la teofilina y elevación de las cifras de inmunoglobulina G específica, de las concentraciones plasmáticas y el tiempo de vida media de teofilina en suero, en comparación con los grupos restantes. Estos resultados indican que la inmunoestimulación inducida por AFCo1 intranasal no incrementa los parámetros farmacocinéticos ni la toxicidad de la teofilina en el modelo empleado.The effect of the adjuvant Finlay cochleate1 (AFCo1, applied intranasally 4 times in 2 dose levels (50 µg and 100 µg on plasma concentration of theophylline administered 24 hours after the last application (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally in Sprague-Dawley rats was evaluated in this study. Application subcutaneously of 2 doses of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA was used as positive control of inflammation. Rats receiving AFCo1 had no significant changes in serum theophylline concentration, while those treated with FCA developed local inflammation associated with signs of theophylline toxicity and increased specific G immunoglobulin, plasma concentrations and serum theophylline half-life as compared with the remaining groups. These results show that intranasal AFCo1-induced immunostimulation does not increase pharmacokinetic parameters and theophylline toxicity in the model used.

  13. "The evil virus cell": Students‘ knowledge and beliefs about viruses

    Science.gov (United States)

    Enzinger, Sonja M.; Fink, Andreas

    2017-01-01

    Education about virus biology at school is of pivotal interest to raise public awareness concerning means of disease transmission and, thus, methods to prevent infection, and to reduce unnecessary antibiotic treatment due to patient pressure on physicians in case of viral diseases such as influenza. This study aimed at making visible the knowledge of Austrian high school and university students with respect to virus biology, virus structure and health-education issues. The data presented here stem from comprehensive questionnaire analyses, including the task to draw a virus, from a cross-sectional study with 133 grade 7 and 199 grade 10 high school students, and 133 first-year biology and 181 first-year non-biology university students. Analyses were performed both quantitatively and qualitatively. ANOVA revealed a highly significant group effect for total knowledge relating to virus biology and health issues (F(3, 642) = 44.17, p students and grade 10 high school students. Students enrolled in university-level biology outperformed all other groups, even though they had not yet encountered this topic at their courses; part of this phenomenon might be due to their affinity for learning about biological topics. However, even many first-year biology students had a high number of severe misconceptions, e.g., defining a virus as a pro- or eukaryotic cell, or falsely naming malaria as a viral disease. Since there was no significant difference in virus-related knowledge between high schools, virus biology seems to have been taught similarly among the tested schools. However, the majority of participants stated that the virus-related knowledge they had acquired at school was not sufficient. Based on the results presented here we urgently suggest improving and intensifying teaching this topic at school, since virus-related knowledge was by far too fragmentary among many participants. Such lack of health-relevant knowledge may contribute to pressure on physicians by patients

  14. Influenza virus inactivated by artificial ribonucleases as a prospective killed virus vaccine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fedorova, Antonina A; Goncharova, Elena P; Kovpak, Mikhail P; Vlassov, Valentin V; Zenkova, Marina A

    2012-04-19

    The inactivation of viral particles with agents causing minimal damage to the structure of surface epitopes is a well-established approach for the production of killed virus vaccines. Here, we describe new agents for the inactivation of influenza virus, artificial ribonucleases (aRNases), which are chemical compounds capable of cleaving RNA molecules. Several aRNases were identified, exhibiting significant virucidal activity against the influenza A virus and causing a minimal effect on the affinity of monoclonal antibodies for the inactivated virus. Using a murine model of the influenza virus infection, a high protective activity of the aRNase-inactivated virus as a vaccine was demonstrated. The results of the experiments demonstrate the efficacy of novel chemical agents in the preparation of vaccines against influenza and, perhaps, against other infections caused by RNA viruses. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. [The great virus comeback].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Forterre, Patrick

    2013-01-01

    Viruses have been considered for a long time as by-products of biological evolution. This view is changing now as a result of several recent discoveries. Viral ecologists have shown that viral particles are the most abundant biological entities on our planet, whereas metagenomic analyses have revealed an unexpected abundance and diversity of viral genes in the biosphere. Comparative genomics have highlighted the uniqueness of viral sequences, in contradiction with the traditional view of viruses as pickpockets of cellular genes. On the contrary, cellular genomes, especially eukaryotic ones, turned out to be full of genes derived from viruses or related elements (plasmids, transposons, retroelements and so on). The discovery of unusual viruses infecting archaea has shown that the viral world is much more diverse than previously thought, ruining the traditional dichotomy between bacteriophages and viruses. Finally, the discovery of giant viruses has blurred the traditional image of viruses as small entities. Furthermore, essential clues on virus history have been obtained in the last ten years. In particular, structural analyses of capsid proteins have uncovered deeply rooted homologies between viruses infecting different cellular domains, suggesting that viruses originated before the last universal common ancestor (LUCA). These studies have shown that several lineages of viruses originated independently, i.e., viruses are polyphyletic. From the time of LUCA, viruses have coevolved with their hosts, and viral lineages can be viewed as lianas wrapping around the trunk, branches and leaves of the tree of life. Although viruses are very diverse, with genomes encoding from one to more than one thousand proteins, they can all be simply defined as organisms producing virions. Virions themselves can be defined as infectious particles made of at least one protein associated with the viral nucleic acid, endowed with the capability to protect the viral genome and ensure its

  16. Protoplasts and plant viruses

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Murakishi, H.; Lesney, M.S.; Carlson, P.

    1984-01-01

    The use of protoplasts in the study of plant viruses has attracted considerable attention since its inception in the late 1960s. This article is an attempt to assess the current status of protoplasts (primarily) and all cell cultures (in some instances) in studies of virus infection, virus replication, cytopathology, cross-protection, virus resistance, and the use of in vitro methods and genetic engineering to recover virus-resistant plants. These areas of study proved difficult to do entirely with whole plants or plant parts. However, because protoplasts could be synchronously infected with virus, they provided a valuable alternative means of following biochemical and cytological events in relation to the virus growth cycle in a more precise manner than previously possible

  17. INTERACCIÓN ENTRE EL EXTRACTO DE Hygrophila tyttha Y LA ESCOPOLAMINA EN UNA PRUEBA DE MEMORIA EPISÓDICA EN RATAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MARISOL LAMPREA

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la interacción entre el extracto etanólico concentrado de la planta Hygrophila tyttha (500 mg/kg, vía oral y el antagonista colinérgico escopolamina (0,3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal en un modelo animal de memoria episódica. El extracto de la planta se obtuvo mediante percolación a partir del material vegetal fresco y se administró 30 minutos antes que la escopolamina. Treinta minutos después de ésta los animales se entrenaron en la tarea de reconocimiento del contexto espacial y una hora más tarde se evaluó la exploración del campo y de los objetos en él contenidos. Los resultados mostraron que la administración de escopolamina, asociada o no al extracto de Hygrophila tyttha, deterioró el reconocimiento del contexto espacial, impidió la habituación al campo abierto, pero no afectó la exploración de los objetos. El único efecto de la asociación del extracto con escopolamina fue un aumento significativo de la actividad exploratoria del campo abierto. Estos resultados sugieren que el extracto de Hygrophila tyttha no tuvo interacciones significativas sobre el efecto amnésico de la escopolamina, pero si potenció su actividad estimulante de la actividad exploratoria. Palabras clave: Hygrophila tyttha extracto, escopolamina, memoria episódica, rata

  18. Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus: Emerging and Re-Emerging Enterically Transmitted Hepatitis Viruses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lemon, Stanley M; Walker, Christopher M

    2018-05-07

    Over the past two decades, progress in understanding human infections with hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been eclipsed by the priority of combating persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. During that time, the global burden of liver disease caused by enteric hepatitis viruses has not abated. Because of vaccines, hepatitis A has become increasingly a disease of adults instead of early childhood in many regions of the world, resulting in an age-related shift toward more severe disease. HEV has remained endemic in many developing countries, and in well-developed, economically advanced countries it is now recognized as a cause of chronic, progressive liver disease in individuals with compromised immunity. The goal of this collection of articles is to review recent progress and to shine a bright light on gaps in our understanding of how these viruses replicate, cause disease, interact with the liver and host immune system, and are transmitted, along with prospects for improved control in human populations. Renewed efforts to study and compare HAV and HEV biology in humans and animal models have high potential to enhance our understanding of host-pathogen balance in the liver, and may contribute ultimately to the control of other infectious diseases of the liver. Copyright © 2018 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved.

  19. Evolutionary ecology of virus emergence.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dennehy, John J

    2017-02-01

    The cross-species transmission of viruses into new host populations, termed virus emergence, is a significant issue in public health, agriculture, wildlife management, and related fields. Virus emergence requires overlap between host populations, alterations in virus genetics to permit infection of new hosts, and adaptation to novel hosts such that between-host transmission is sustainable, all of which are the purview of the fields of ecology and evolution. A firm understanding of the ecology of viruses and how they evolve is required for understanding how and why viruses emerge. In this paper, I address the evolutionary mechanisms of virus emergence and how they relate to virus ecology. I argue that, while virus acquisition of the ability to infect new hosts is not difficult, limited evolutionary trajectories to sustained virus between-host transmission and the combined effects of mutational meltdown, bottlenecking, demographic stochasticity, density dependence, and genetic erosion in ecological sinks limit most emergence events to dead-end spillover infections. Despite the relative rarity of pandemic emerging viruses, the potential of viruses to search evolutionary space and find means to spread epidemically and the consequences of pandemic viruses that do emerge necessitate sustained attention to virus research, surveillance, prophylaxis, and treatment. © 2016 New York Academy of Sciences.

  20. Changes in the volume and histology of endometriosis foci in rats treated with copaiba oil (Copaiferalangsdorffii Mudanças no volume e histologia do foco de endometriose em ratas tratadas com óleo de Copaíba (Copaiferalangsdorffii

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Nogueira Neto

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the changes that occur in rats with experimental endometriosis after treatment with copaiba oil. METHODS: Experimental endometriosis was induced in rats. The experimental group received copaiba oil (Copaiferalangsdorffii orally (0.63 mg/day, and the control group received a 0.9% sodium chloride solution orally (1 ml/100 g of body weight/day. Both groups were treated with gavage for 14 days. After this period, the animals were euthanized, and the implant volume was calculated. The autologous transplants were removed, dyed with hematoxylin-eosin, and analyzed by light microscopy. RESULTS: The average final volumes were significantly different between the groups (p=0.007. There was a significant increase (p=0.012 between the initial and final volumes in the control group, whereas treatment with Copaiferalangsdorffii caused a marked reduction in endometrial growth over time (p=0.016. Histologically, 6/11 (55.00% rats in the experimental group had a well-preserved epithelial layer, and 3 (45.00% had mildly preserved epithelium. The control group had seven cases (58.30% of well-preserved epithelial cells and five cases (41.70% of mildly preserved epithelial cells (p>0.05. CONCLUSION: Copaiba oil (Copaiferalangsdorffii appears to be a promising alternative treatment for endometriosis.OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as mudanças que ocorreram em ratas com endometrioses experimental tratadas com óleo de copaíba. MÉTODOS: Foi induzida a endometriose experimental nas ratas. O grupo experimental recebeu óleo de copaíba (Copaiferalangsdorffii oralmente (0,63mg/dia e o grupo controle recebeu oralmente solução salina 0,9% (1mL/100g/dia. Ambos grupos foram tratados por gavagem por 14 dias. Depois desse período, foi realizada a eutanásia dos animais e calculado o volume do implante. Os transplantes autólogos foram removidos, corados com Hematoxilina-eosina e realizada a microscopia

  1. A virus of hyperthermophilic archaea with a unique architecture among DNA viruses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rensen, Elena Ilka; Mochizuki, Tomohiro; Quemin, Emmanuelle; Schouten, Stefan; Krupovic, Mart; Prangishvili, David

    2016-03-01

    Viruses package their genetic material in diverse ways. Most known strategies include encapsulation of nucleic acids into spherical or filamentous virions with icosahedral or helical symmetry, respectively. Filamentous viruses with dsDNA genomes are currently associated exclusively with Archaea. Here, we describe a filamentous hyperthermophilic archaeal virus, Pyrobaculum filamentous virus 1 (PFV1), with a type of virion organization not previously observed in DNA viruses. The PFV1 virion, 400 ± 20 × 32 ± 3 nm, contains an envelope and an inner core consisting of two structural units: a rod-shaped helical nucleocapsid formed of two 14-kDa major virion proteins and a nucleocapsid-encompassing protein sheath composed of a single major virion protein of 18 kDa. The virion organization of PFV1 is superficially similar to that of negative-sense RNA viruses of the family Filoviridae, including Ebola virus and Marburg virus. The linear dsDNA of PFV1 carries 17,714 bp, including 60-bp-long terminal inverted repeats, and contains 39 predicted ORFs, most of which do not show similarities to sequences in public databases. PFV1 is a lytic virus that completely disrupts the host cell membrane at the end of the infection cycle.

  2. DIAGNOSTICS OF VIRUS PHYTOPATHOGENS FRUIT TREE PLUM POX VIRUS, PRUNUS NECROTIC RINGSPOT VIRUS AND PRUNUS DWARF VIRUS BY BIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS

    OpenAIRE

    Július Rozák; Zdenka Gálová

    2013-01-01

    The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of viral phytopathogen Plum pox virus, Prunus necrotic ringspot virus and Prunus dwarf virus in selected localities of Slovakia and diagnose them using a molecular and biological methods. Forty samples of fruit trees of the genus Prunus, twenty samples from intensive plantings and twenty samples from wild subject were analysed. Biological diagnostic by using biological indicators Prunus persica cv. GF 305, Prunus serrulata cv. Schirofugen a...

  3. Functional properties of Virus-Encoded and Virus-Regulated 7TM Receptors

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Spiess, Katja; Rosenkilde, Mette Marie

    2014-01-01

    During co-evolution with their hosts, viruses have developed several survival strategies that involve exploitation of 7TM receptors. These include virus-encoded 7TM receptors and ligands and viral regulation of endogenous receptors. Many functional properties have been ascribed to virus-exploited...

  4. PERBEDAAN RISK PRIORITY NUMBER DALAM FAILURE MODE AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS FMEA SISTEM ALAT BERAT HEAVY DUTY TRUCK HD 785-7

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Syafwansyah Effendi

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available Failure Mode and Efect Analysis (FMEA adalah jenis desain dan teknologi untuk menganalisis keandalan pencegahan, yang merupakan formula yang sistematis terstruktur untuk mengidentifikasi modus kerusakan yang potensial dalam desain atau manufaktur, kemudian mempelajari pengaruh kerusakan pada sistem, kemudian mengambil langkah-langkah yang diperlukan untuk mengkoreksi dan sebagai metode pencegahan sementara yang mengarah pada masalah dalam sistam keandalan. Secara tradisional, menggunakan teknologi dari FMEA adalah untuk memperbaiki keputusan dalam urutan dari besar Risk Priority Number (RPN ke yang lebih kecil State of art permasalahan yang mendasar dari RPN Failure and Efect Analysis adalah bagaimana menerapkannya dalam cakupan cukup luas dalam berbagai bidang sebagai alat atau metode yang bermanfaat untuk membantu menjustifikasi pengambilan suatu keputusan dalam menentukan keandalan suatu sistem. Dari penelitian-penelitian yang sudah dilakukan penerapan Model ini banyak dilakukan di lingkungan industri, dan belum ada yang mengapilikasikannya dalam menganalisa mode kegagalan sistem pada peralatan Berat terutama yang dioperasikan disektor pertambangan. Sehingga pada penelitian ini, adalah perlu untuk menguji apakah ada Perbedaan Dalam Risk Priority Number Failure Mode and Effects Analysis Pada Unit Sistem Alat Berat Heavy Duty Truck HD 785-7. Data diambil dari data History Preventive Maintanance pada sebuah perusahaan tambang di Kalimantan Selatan, selama periode 5 tahun. Unit yang diuji nilai RPN dan sistem adalah Mine Truck Heavy Duty Truck HD 785-7 sebagai sampel diambil 10 unit. Dari data tersebut nilai RPN dihitung masing-masing sistem. Selanjutnya data olahan tersebut di uji dengan uji ANOVA, dengan menggunakan uji F selanjutnya ilakukan analisis untuk setiap kelompok rata-rata atau pasangan rata-rata. Pengujian data dengan menggunakan uji Posteriori (Post Hoc uji Tukey HSD dan Duncan untuk melihat sistem yang mana dari 15 sistem yang rata

  5. Electron microscopic identification of Zinga virus as a strain of Rift Valley fever virus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Olaleye, O D; Baigent, C L; Mueller, G; Tomori, O; Schmitz, H

    1992-01-01

    Electron microscopic examination of a negatively stained suspension of Zinga virus showed particles 90-100 nm in diameter, enveloped with spikes 12-20 nm in length and 5 nm in diameter. Further identification of the virus by immune electron microscopy showed the reactivity of human Rift Valley fever virus-positive serum with Zinga virus. Results of this study are in agreement with earlier reports that Zinga virus is a strain of Rift Valley fever virus.

  6. Nonhuman Primate Models of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus Infections.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lanford, Robert E; Walker, Christopher M; Lemon, Stanley M

    2018-04-23

    Although phylogenetically unrelated, human hepatitis viruses share an exclusive or near exclusive tropism for replication in differentiated hepatocytes. This narrow tissue tropism may contribute to the restriction of the host ranges of these viruses to relatively few host species, mostly nonhuman primates. Nonhuman primate models thus figure prominently in our current understanding of the replication and pathogenesis of these viruses, including the enterically transmitted hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV), and have also played major roles in vaccine development. This review draws comparisons of HAV and HEV infection from studies conducted in nonhuman primates, and describes how such studies have contributed to our current understanding of the biology of these viruses. Copyright © 2018 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved.

  7. Zika Virus

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Funding CDC Activities For Healthcare Providers Clinical Evaluation & Disease Sexual Transmission HIV Infection & Zika Virus Testing for Zika Test Specimens – At Time of Birth Diagnostic Tests Understanding Zika Virus Test Results ...

  8. Hepatitis C virus infection in the human immunodeficiency virus infected patient

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Clausen, Louise Nygaard; Lundbo, Lene Fogt; Benfield, Thomas

    2014-01-01

    Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) share the same transmission routes; therefore, coinfection is frequent. An estimated 5-10 million individuals alone in the western world are infected with both viruses. The majority of people acquire HCV by injection drug use and...

  9. Immunological responses against human papilloma virus and human papilloma virus induced laryngeal cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chitose, Shun-ichi; Sakazaki, T; Ono, T; Kurita, T; Mihashi, H; Nakashima, T

    2010-06-01

    This study aimed to clarify the local immune status in the larynx in the presence of infection or carcinogenesis associated with human papilloma virus. Cytological samples (for human papilloma virus detection) and laryngeal secretions (for immunoglobulin assessment) were obtained from 31 patients with laryngeal disease, during microscopic laryngeal surgery. On histological examination, 12 patients had squamous cell carcinoma, four had laryngeal papilloma and 15 had other benign laryngeal disease. Cytological samples were tested for human papilloma virus DNA using the Hybrid Capture 2 assay. High risk human papilloma virus DNA was detected in 25 per cent of patients (three of 12) with laryngeal cancer. Low risk human papilloma virus DNA was detected only in three laryngeal papilloma patients. The mean laryngeal secretion concentrations of immunoglobulins M, G and A and secretory immunoglobulin A in human papilloma virus DNA positive patients were more than twice those in human papilloma virus DNA negative patients. A statistically significant difference was observed between the secretory immunoglobulin A concentrations in the two groups. Patients with laryngeal cancer had higher laryngeal secretion concentrations of each immunoglobulin type, compared with patients with benign laryngeal disease. The study assessed the mean laryngeal secretion concentrations of each immunoglobulin type in the 12 laryngeal cancer patients, comparing human papilloma virus DNA positive patients (n = 3) and human papilloma virus DNA negative patients (n = 9); the mean concentrations of immunoglobulins M, G and A and secretory immunoglobulin A tended to be greater in human papilloma virus DNA positive cancer patients, compared with human papilloma virus DNA negative cancer patients. These results suggest that the local laryngeal immune response is activated by infection or carcinogenesis due to human papilloma virus. The findings strongly suggest that secretory IgA has inhibitory activity

  10. Alterações histoquímicas das glicosaminoglicanas na cérvice uterina no final da prenhez da rata albina após ministração local de hialuronidase Histochemical changes of the glycosaminoglycans in the uterine cervix of pregnant rats after local injection of hyaluronidase

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Viviane Almeida de Alcântara Lopes

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: estudar as alterações histoquímicas relacionadas às glicosaminoglicanas da cérvice uterina da rata albina, após ministração local de hialuronidase no final da prenhez. MÉTODOS: dez ratas com teste de prenhez positivo foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos, numericamente iguais. O Grupo Controle (Gc foi constituído pelas ratas que receberam 1 mL de água destilada, dose única, no 18º dia da prenhez, sob anestesia, ministrado na cérvice uterina. O Grupo Experimental (Gex constou de ratas que receberam, sob as mesmas condições do Gc, 0,02 mL de hialuronidase, diluído em 0,98 mL de água destilada (total de 1 mL. No 20º dia de prenhez, as ratas foram novamente anestesiadas e submetidas à dissecção, preparando-se a cérvice uterina para estudo histoquímico com coloração de alcian blue e seus bloqueios (pH=0,5, pH=2,5, metilação e saponificação. RESULTADOS: verificou-se na lâmina própria no Gc, reação fortemente positiva (+3 e, no Gex, reação negativa, na coloração de alcian blue no pH=0,5. Em pH=2,5 a coloração também se apresentou fortemente positiva (+4 no Gc e fracamente positiva (+1 no Gex. Após metilação, tanto o Gc quanto o Gex mostraram reação negativa após coloração de alcian blue no pH=2,5. Com a reação de metilação seguida de saponificação e na digestão enzimática em lâmina, a coloração da lâmina própria se mostrou negativa em ambos os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: há uma nítida predominância de glicosaminoglicanas sulfatadas no Gc em relação ao Gex e uma tênue quantidade de glicosaminoglicanas carboxiladas identificadas no Gex. As modificações evidenciadas na matriz extracelular sugerem que a hialuronidase injetada localmente na cérvix uterina promoveu alterações bioquímicas compatíveis com maturação cervical.PURPOSE: to study the histochemical changes related to the uterine cervix glycosaminoglycan of the albino female rat, after local ministration of

  11. Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Viruses Compensate for Microbial Metabolism in Virus-Host Interactions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    He, Tianliang; Li, Hongyun; Zhang, Xiaobo

    2017-07-11

    Viruses are believed to be responsible for the mortality of host organisms. However, some recent investigations reveal that viruses may be essential for host survival. To date, it remains unclear whether viruses are beneficial or harmful to their hosts. To reveal the roles of viruses in the virus-host interactions, viromes and microbiomes of sediment samples from three deep-sea hydrothermal vents were explored in this study. To exclude the influence of exogenous DNAs on viromes, the virus particles were purified with nuclease (DNase I and RNase A) treatments and cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation. The metagenomic analysis of viromes without exogenous DNA contamination and microbiomes of vent samples indicated that viruses had compensation effects on the metabolisms of their host microorganisms. Viral genes not only participated in most of the microbial metabolic pathways but also formed branched pathways in microbial metabolisms, including pyrimidine metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; nitrogen metabolism and assimilation pathways of the two-component system; selenocompound metabolism; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. As is well known, deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems exist in relatively isolated environments which are barely influenced by other ecosystems. The metabolic compensation of hosts mediated by viruses might represent a very important aspect of virus-host interactions. IMPORTANCE Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the oceans and have very important roles in regulating microbial community structure and biogeochemical cycles. The relationship between virus and host microbes is broadly thought to be that of predator and prey. Viruses can lyse host cells to control microbial population sizes and affect community structures of hosts by killing specific microbes. However, viruses also influence their hosts through manipulation of bacterial metabolism. We found

  12. Optimasi parameter neural network pada data time series

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muzakir Hi Sultan

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Gempa bumi merupakan suatu pergerakan tanah yang terjadi secara tiba-tiba hingga menimbulkan getaran, besarnya kekuatan gempa dapat mengakibatkan bencana baik kerusakan maupun korban jiwa. Untuk mengantisipasi bencana yang akan datang maka diperlukan suatu model khususnya untuk meramalkan besarnya kekuatan gempa. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan model ARIMA dan model kombinasi dari Neural Network-Algoritma Genetik (NN-GA untuk memprediksi rata-rata kekuatan gempa bumi setiap bulan khususnya yang terjadi di wilayah Maluku Utara. Data yang digunakan adalah data kekuatan gempa berdasarkan skala richter yang diperoleh dari Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG kota Ternate. Sebagai input pada model ARIMA dan NN-GA digunakan rata-rata kekuatan gempa bumi 36 bulan dan rata-rata kekuatan gempa 36 bulan berikutnya digunakan sebagai target untuk prediksi. Untuk meng-update parameter (bobot dari Neural Network digunakan metode Gradient Descent dan untuk mendapatkan parameter yang lebih optimal pada layer Output, maka di diterapkan Algoritma Genetik. Hasil peramalan dari kedua model kemudian dibandingkan dan model terbaik ditentukan dari nilai Mean square Error (MSE yang terkecil. dari hasil peramalan dengan model ARIMA diperoleh MSE sebesar 1.0125, sedangkan pada model NN-GA diperoleh MSE sebesar 0.9196. Nilai tersebut, menunjukkan bahwa model NN-GA lebih baik dari model ARIMA untuk peramalan rata-rata kekuatan gempa bumi beberapa bulan ke depan

  13. UJI APLIKASI VAKSIN HYDROVAC UNTUK PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT MERAH PADA IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio DAN GURAME (Osphronemus gouramy DI BALAI BENIH IKAN PANDAK KABUPATEN BANYUMAS

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    Indrawati Indrawati

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Uji aplikasi vaksin ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian vaksin hydrovac terhadap perkembangan kesehatan ikan mas dan gurami, serta mendapatkan informasi tentang cara pengendalian, melalui tindakan pencegahan ikan air tawar yang terserang wabah penyakit Aeromonas hydrophila. Sebanyak 39 ekor ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio dengan bobot rata-rata 1 kg dan panjang rata-rata 30 cm dan108 ekor ikan gurami (Osphronemus gouramy L. dengan bobot rata-rata 250 g dan panjang rata-rata 10 cm yang berasal dari Balai Benih Ikan (BBI Pandak Kabupaten Banyumas, digunakan sebagai ikan uji. Vaksin yang digunakan adalah “vaksin hydrovac” yang diproduksi oleh Laboratorium Patologi Ikan. Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar, Bogor. Vaksin diaplikasikan dengan cara dicampur pelet dengan dosis 2--3 mL per kilogram bobot badan ikan yang diberikan selama 5--7 hari berturut-turut dan setelah satu bulan kemudian dilakukan vaksinasi ulangan (booster terhadap ikan yang telah divaksin dengan cara yang sama. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa ikan baik ikan mas maupun gurame yang divaksin menunjukkan angka sintasan yang cukup tinggi apabila dibandingkan dengan ikan yang tidak divaksin. Mortalitas ikan uji yang tidak divaksin terjadi mulai minggu ke-5 dan ke-6.

  14. Viruses in reptiles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ariel, Ellen

    2011-09-21

    The etiology of reptilian viral diseases can be attributed to a wide range of viruses occurring across different genera and families. Thirty to forty years ago, studies of viruses in reptiles focused mainly on the zoonotic potential of arboviruses in reptiles and much effort went into surveys and challenge trials of a range of reptiles with eastern and western equine encephalitis as well as Japanese encephalitis viruses. In the past decade, outbreaks of infection with West Nile virus in human populations and in farmed alligators in the USA has seen the research emphasis placed on the issue of reptiles, particularly crocodiles and alligators, being susceptible to, and reservoirs for, this serious zoonotic disease. Although there are many recognised reptilian viruses, the evidence for those being primary pathogens is relatively limited. Transmission studies establishing pathogenicity and cofactors are likewise scarce, possibly due to the relatively low commercial importance of reptiles, difficulties with the availability of animals and permits for statistically sound experiments, difficulties with housing of reptiles in an experimental setting or the inability to propagate some viruses in cell culture to sufficient titres for transmission studies. Viruses as causes of direct loss of threatened species, such as the chelonid fibropapilloma associated herpesvirus and ranaviruses in farmed and wild tortoises and turtles, have re-focused attention back to the characterisation of the viruses as well as diagnosis and pathogenesis in the host itself.

  15. A REVIEW ON ZIKA VIRUS (ZIKV) -A DREADFUL MEMBER OF THE VIRUS FAMILY FLAVIVIRIDAE

    OpenAIRE

    1Rafiya Begum, 2 Raafia Aseena, 3Nuha Rasheed and 4 Abdul Saleem Mohammad

    2017-01-01

    Research on zika virus examine the virus that is spread to humans through a mosquito bite, with symptoms that include fever, rash, joint pain, and conjuctivities. For most people zika virus is not necessarily anything to worry, as it is not fatal and symptoms are generally mild for period up to a week. Hospitalization because of zika virus is almost always not necessary. However, the zika virus can be extremely dangerous to pregnant womes. Key Words: Zika, virus, transmission, fatal, flavivir...

  16. Type C virus activation in nontransformed mouse cells by uv-irradiated herpes simplex virus

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hampar, B. (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD); Hatanaka, M.; Aulakh, G.; Derge, J.G.; Lee, L.; Showalter, S.

    1977-02-01

    Infection of nontransformed mouse cells with uv-irradiated herpes simplex virus (uv-HSV) resulted in the activation of an endogenous xenotropic (x-tropic) type C virus. Synthesis of type C virus persisted for only a few days, with most of the virus remaining cell associated. The levels of type C virus activated by uv-HSV varied depending on the multiplicity of infection (m.o.i.) and the uv dose. At low uv doses, where cell killing occurred, little or no type C virus synthesis was observed. Maximum levels of type C virus synthesis were observed with the minimum uv dose which eliminated cell killing by HSV. Synthesis of type C virus, albeit at lower levels, was still observed at uv doses beyond those required to prevent cell killing.

  17. Type C virus activation in nontransformed mouse cells by uv-irradiated herpes simplex virus

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hampar, B.; Hatanaka, M.; Aulakh, G.; Derge, J.G.; Lee, L.; Showalter, S.

    1977-01-01

    Infection of nontransformed mouse cells with uv-irradiated herpes simplex virus (uv-HSV) resulted in the activation of an endogenous xenotropic (x-tropic) type C virus. Synthesis of type C virus persisted for only a few days, with most of the virus remaining cell associated. The levels of type C virus activated by uv-HSV varied depending on the multiplicity of infection (m.o.i.) and the uv dose. At low uv doses, where cell killing occurred, little or no type C virus synthesis was observed. Maximum levels of type C virus synthesis were observed with the minimum uv dose which eliminated cell killing by HSV. Synthesis of type C virus, albeit at lower levels, was still observed at uv doses beyond those required to prevent cell killing

  18. Chikungunya virus

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chikungunya virus infection; Chikungunya ... Where Chikungunya is Found Before 2013, the virus was found in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Indian and Pacific oceans. In late 2013, outbreaks occurred for the first time in the ...

  19. Perinatal hepatitis B virus detection by hepatitis B virus-DNA analysis.

    OpenAIRE

    De Virgiliis, S; Frau, F; Sanna, G; Turco, M P; Figus, A L; Cornacchia, G; Cao, A

    1985-01-01

    Maternal transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in relation to the hepatitis B e antigen/antibody system and serum hepatitis B virus-DNA were evaluated. Results indicate that hepatitis B virus-DNA analysis can identify hepatitis B serum antigen positive mothers who may transmit infection to their offspring.

  20. Virus like particle-based vaccines against emerging infectious disease viruses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Jinliang; Dai, Shiyu; Wang, Manli; Hu, Zhihong; Wang, Hualin; Deng, Fei

    2016-08-01

    Emerging infectious diseases are major threats to human health. Most severe viral disease outbreaks occur in developing regions where health conditions are poor. With increased international travel and business, the possibility of eventually transmitting infectious viruses between different countries is increasing. The most effective approach in preventing viral diseases is vaccination. However, vaccines are not currently available for numerous viral diseases. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are engineered vaccine candidates that have been studied for decades. VLPs are constructed by viral protein expression in various expression systems that promote the selfassembly of proteins into structures resembling virus particles. VLPs have antigenicity similar to that of the native virus, but are non-infectious as they lack key viral genetic material. VLP vaccines have attracted considerable research interest because they offer several advantages over traditional vaccines. Studies have shown that VLP vaccines can stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses, which may offer effective antiviral protection. Here we review recent developments with VLP-based vaccines for several highly virulent emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases. The infectious agents discussed include RNA viruses from different virus families, such as the Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Caliciviridae, Coronaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, and Togaviridae families.

  1. ANALISIS PENGARUH CAR, FDR, BOPO DAN NPF TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PT BANK MUAMALAT INDONESIA TBK

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    Desi Ariyani

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia telah memberikan kontribusi positif bagi perekonomian nasional. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari parameter rasio pembiayaan terhadap dana pihak ketiga dan ekuitas (FDR/financing to deposit ratio yang rata-rata mencapai 105%. Bandingkan dengan parameter sejenis di perbankan konvensional, LDR (loan to deposit ratio yang rata-rata tidak lebih dari 55%. Konsep perbankan Syariah yang selalu menjaga keseimbangan antara sektor moneter dan riil memengaruhi tercapainya prestasi itu.DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v2i1.2474

  2. Immunogenicity of a modified-live virus vaccine against bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus when administered intranasally in young calves.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xue, Wenzhi; Ellis, John; Mattick, Debra; Smith, Linda; Brady, Ryan; Trigo, Emilio

    2010-05-14

    The immunogenicity of an intranasally-administered modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine in 3-8 day old calves was evaluated against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) types 1 and 2, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus, parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Calves were intranasally vaccinated with a single dose of a multivalent MLV vaccine and were challenged with one of the respective viruses three to four weeks post-vaccination in five separate studies. There was significant sparing of diseases in calves intranasally vaccinated with the MLV vaccine, as indicated by significantly fewer clinical signs, lower rectal temperatures, reduced viral shedding, greater white blood cell and platelet counts, and less severe pulmonary lesions than control animals. This was the first MLV combination vaccine to demonstrate efficacy against BVDV types 1 and 2, IBR, PI-3 and BRSV in calves 3-8 days of age. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Ocular Tropism of Respiratory Viruses

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rota, Paul A.; Tumpey, Terrence M.

    2013-01-01

    SUMMARY Respiratory viruses (including adenovirus, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, and rhinovirus) cause a broad spectrum of disease in humans, ranging from mild influenza-like symptoms to acute respiratory failure. While species D adenoviruses and subtype H7 influenza viruses are known to possess an ocular tropism, documented human ocular disease has been reported following infection with all principal respiratory viruses. In this review, we describe the anatomical proximity and cellular receptor distribution between ocular and respiratory tissues. All major respiratory viruses and their association with human ocular disease are discussed. Research utilizing in vitro and in vivo models to study the ability of respiratory viruses to use the eye as a portal of entry as well as a primary site of virus replication is highlighted. Identification of shared receptor-binding preferences, host responses, and laboratory modeling protocols among these viruses provides a needed bridge between clinical and laboratory studies of virus tropism. PMID:23471620

  4. Understanding Ebola Virus Transmission

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    Seth Judson

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available An unprecedented number of Ebola virus infections among healthcare workers and patients have raised questions about our understanding of Ebola virus transmission. Here, we explore different routes of Ebola virus transmission between people, summarizing the known epidemiological and experimental data. From this data, we expose important gaps in Ebola virus research pertinent to outbreak situations. We further propose experiments and methods of data collection that will enable scientists to fill these voids in our knowledge about the transmission of Ebola virus.

  5. Ganjam virus/Nairobi sheep disease virus induces a pro-inflammatory response in infected sheep

    OpenAIRE

    bin Tarif, Abid; Lasecka, Lidia; Holzer, Barbara; Baron, Michael D

    2012-01-01

    Abstract Partly due to climate change, and partly due to changes of human habitat occupation, the impact of tick-borne viruses is increasing. Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV) and Ganjam virus (GV) are two names for the same virus, which causes disease in sheep and goats and is currently known to be circulating in India and East Africa. The virus is transmitted by ixodid ticks and causes a severe hemorrhagic disease. We have developed a real-time PCR assay for the virus genome and validated ...

  6. Zika Virus

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... through blood transfusions. There have been outbreaks of Zika virus in the United States, Africa, Southeast Asia, the ... not travel to areas where there is a Zika virus outbreak. If you do decide to travel, first ...

  7. EVALUASI IMPLEMENTASI TQM PADA SDN KARANGREJEK II DAN SD MUHAMMADIYAH AL MUJAHIDIN WONOSARI GUNUNGKIDUL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eko Pramono

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui: (1 seberapa besar tingkat implementasi TQM, (2 perbandingan implementasi, (3 aspek-aspek yang perlu mendapatkan perbaikan untuk ditingkatkan. Penelitian evaluasi dengan model descrepancy. Instrumen pengumpul data berupa angket jawaban skala 2 terdiri atas 69 butir. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1 implementasi TQM di SD Negeri Karangrejek II rata-rata sebesar 87,73%, aspek-aspek yang mendekati standar: mutu pembelajaran, organisasi terbalik, perubahan kultur, kolega sebagai pelanggan, profesionalisme, dan pemasaran internal. Implementasi TQM di SD Muhammadiyah Al Mujahidin rata-rata sebesar 94,42%. Aspek-aspek yang mendekati standar: organisasi terbalik, mutu pembelajaran, perubahan kultur, profesionalisme, kaizen dan menjaga hubungan dengan pelanggan. (2 Perbandingan implementasi TQM sebagai berikut: aspek mutu pembelajaran, organisasi terbalik dan perubahan kultur merupakan aspek dengan rata-rata tertinggi di SD Karangrejek II, sedangkan di SD Muhammadiyah Al Mujahidin: aspek organisasi terbalik, mutu pembelajaran, dan perubahan kultur. (3 Aspek yang perlu mendapatkan perbaikan di kedua sekolah adalah perbaikan terus-menerus.

  8. PENERAPAN MODEL THINK PAIR SHARE BERBANTUAN MEDIA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS, SIKAP, DAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muhamad Ngafifi

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan: (1 Aktivitas Belajar Siswa, (2 Sikap Siswa, dan (3 Hasil Belajar IPS siswa kelas VIII B SMP Negeri 2 Sukoharjo, Wonosobo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK yang terlaksana dalam dua siklus dengan menggunakan desain Kemmis & Taggart. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, tes hasil belajar, angket, dokumentasi, dan catatan lapangan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1 Terjadi peningkatan aktivitas belajar siswa; pada akhir siklus I dengan rata-rata 67,84 menjadi 81,20 pada akhir siklus II. (2 Ada peningkatan nilai sikap siswa. Rata-rata nilai sikap siswa pada akhir siklus I 77,20 menjadi 84,49 pada akhir siklus II. (3 Terjadi Peningkatan hasil belajar dari kondisi awal dengan nilai rata-rata 65,58, pada akhir siklus I menjadi 79,10, dan pada akhir siklus II menjadi 85,90.Kata Kunci: model Think Pair Share, media pembelajaran, hasil belajar

  9. Ganjam virus/Nairobi sheep disease virus induces a pro-inflammatory response in infected sheep

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    bin Tarif Abid

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Partly due to climate change, and partly due to changes of human habitat occupation, the impact of tick-borne viruses is increasing. Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV and Ganjam virus (GV are two names for the same virus, which causes disease in sheep and goats and is currently known to be circulating in India and East Africa. The virus is transmitted by ixodid ticks and causes a severe hemorrhagic disease. We have developed a real-time PCR assay for the virus genome and validated it in a pilot study of the pathogenicity induced by two different isolates of NSDV/GV. One isolate was highly adapted to tissue culture, grew in most cell lines tested, and was essentially apathogenic in sheep. The second isolate appeared to be poorly adapted to cell culture and retained pathogenicity in sheep. The real-time PCR assay for virus easily detected 4 copies or less of the viral genome, and allowed a quantitative measure of the virus in whole blood. Measurement of the changes in cytokine mRNAs showed similar changes to those observed in humans infected by the closely related virus Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.

  10. Ganjam virus/Nairobi sheep disease virus induces a pro-inflammatory response in infected sheep.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bin Tarif, Abid; Lasecka, Lidia; Holzer, Barbara; Baron, Michael D

    2012-10-19

    Partly due to climate change, and partly due to changes of human habitat occupation, the impact of tick-borne viruses is increasing. Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV) and Ganjam virus (GV) are two names for the same virus, which causes disease in sheep and goats and is currently known to be circulating in India and East Africa. The virus is transmitted by ixodid ticks and causes a severe hemorrhagic disease. We have developed a real-time PCR assay for the virus genome and validated it in a pilot study of the pathogenicity induced by two different isolates of NSDV/GV. One isolate was highly adapted to tissue culture, grew in most cell lines tested, and was essentially apathogenic in sheep. The second isolate appeared to be poorly adapted to cell culture and retained pathogenicity in sheep. The real-time PCR assay for virus easily detected 4 copies or less of the viral genome, and allowed a quantitative measure of the virus in whole blood. Measurement of the changes in cytokine mRNAs showed similar changes to those observed in humans infected by the closely related virus Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.

  11. Transmission of Influenza A Viruses

    Science.gov (United States)

    Neumann, Gabriele; Kawaoka, Yoshihiro

    2015-01-01

    Influenza A viruses cause respiratory infections that range from asymptomatic to deadly in humans. Widespread outbreaks (pandemics) are attributable to ‘novel’ viruses that possess a viral hemagglutinin (HA) gene to which humans lack immunity. After a pandemic, these novel viruses form stable virus lineages in humans and circulate until they are replaced by other novel viruses. The factors and mechanisms that facilitate virus transmission among hosts and the establishment of novel lineages are not completely understood, but the HA and basic polymerase 2 (PB2) proteins are thought to play essential roles in these processes by enabling avian influenza viruses to infect mammals and replicate efficiently in their new host. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of the contributions of HA, PB2, and other viral components to virus transmission and the formation of new virus lineages. PMID:25812763

  12. New frontiers in oncolytic viruses: optimizing and selecting for virus strains with improved efficacy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lundstrom K

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available Kenneth Lundstrom PanTherapeutics, Lutry, Switzerland Abstract: Oncolytic viruses have demonstrated selective replication and killing of tumor cells. Different types of oncolytic viruses – adenoviruses, alphaviruses, herpes simplex viruses, Newcastle disease viruses, rhabdoviruses, Coxsackie viruses, and vaccinia viruses – have been applied as either naturally occurring or engineered vectors. Numerous studies in animal-tumor models have demonstrated substantial tumor regression and prolonged survival rates. Moreover, clinical trials have confirmed good safety profiles and therapeutic efficacy for oncolytic viruses. Most encouragingly, the first cancer gene-therapy drug – Gendicine, based on oncolytic adenovirus type 5 – was approved in China. Likewise, a second-generation oncolytic herpes simplex virus-based drug for the treatment of melanoma has been registered in the US and Europe as talimogene laherparepvec. Keywords: immunotherapy, viral vectors, clinical trials, drug approval

  13. Postmortem stability of Ebola virus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Prescott, Joseph; Bushmaker, Trenton; Fischer, Robert; Miazgowicz, Kerri; Judson, Seth; Munster, Vincent J

    2015-05-01

    The ongoing Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa has highlighted questions regarding stability of the virus and detection of RNA from corpses. We used Ebola virus-infected macaques to model humans who died of Ebola virus disease. Viable virus was isolated <7 days posteuthanasia; viral RNA was detectable for 10 weeks.

  14. A Foxtail mosaic virus Vector for Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Maize.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mei, Yu; Zhang, Chunquan; Kernodle, Bliss M; Hill, John H; Whitham, Steven A

    2016-06-01

    Plant viruses have been widely used as vectors for foreign gene expression and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). A limited number of viruses have been developed into viral vectors for the purposes of gene expression or VIGS in monocotyledonous plants, and among these, the tripartite viruses Brome mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus have been shown to induce VIGS in maize (Zea mays). We describe here a new DNA-based VIGS system derived from Foxtail mosaic virus (FoMV), a monopartite virus that is able to establish systemic infection and silencing of endogenous maize genes homologous to gene fragments inserted into the FoMV genome. To demonstrate VIGS applications of this FoMV vector system, four genes, phytoene desaturase (functions in carotenoid biosynthesis), lesion mimic22 (encodes a key enzyme of the porphyrin pathway), iojap (functions in plastid development), and brown midrib3 (caffeic acid O-methyltransferase), were silenced and characterized in the sweet corn line Golden × Bantam. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the FoMV infectious clone establishes systemic infection in maize inbred lines, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis), indicating the potential wide applications of this viral vector system for functional genomics studies in maize and other monocots. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists. All Rights Reserved.

  15. Efficient production of infectious viruses requires enzymatic activity of Epstein-Barr virus protein kinase.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Murata, Takayuki; Isomura, Hiroki; Yamashita, Yoriko; Toyama, Shigenori; Sato, Yoshitaka; Nakayama, Sanae; Kudoh, Ayumi; Iwahori, Satoko; Kanda, Teru; Tsurumi, Tatsuya

    2009-06-20

    The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BGLF4 gene product is the only protein kinase encoded by the virus genome. In order to elucidate its physiological roles in viral productive replication, we here established a BGLF4-knockout mutant and a revertant virus. While the levels of viral DNA replication of the deficient mutant were equivalent to those of the wild-type and the revertant, virus production was significantly impaired. Expression of the BGLF4 protein in trans fully complemented the low yield of the mutant virus, while expression of a kinase-dead (K102I) form of the protein failed to restore the virus titer. These results demonstrate that BGLF4 plays a significant role in production of infectious viruses and that the kinase activity is crucial.

  16. Propagation Effect of a Virus Outbreak on a Network with Limited Anti-Virus Ability.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yonghong Xu

    Full Text Available This paper describes a new computer virus spreading model which takes into account the possibility of a virus outbreak on a network with limited anti-virus ability. Then, the model is investigated for the existence of equilibria and their stabilities are proved and illustrated. Moreover, it is found that these two factors are not only relative to the threshold value determining whether the virus becomes extinct or not, but that they are also relative to the virus epidemic levels. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that, in some ways, it would be practically possible to eradicate the virus or suppress its prevalence below a suitable level. Consequently, some suggestions are proposed that may help eradicate or suppress virus propagation over a real computer network.

  17. An introduction to computer viruses

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Brown, D.R.

    1992-03-01

    This report on computer viruses is based upon a thesis written for the Master of Science degree in Computer Science from the University of Tennessee in December 1989 by David R. Brown. This thesis is entitled An Analysis of Computer Virus Construction, Proliferation, and Control and is available through the University of Tennessee Library. This paper contains an overview of the computer virus arena that can help the reader to evaluate the threat that computer viruses pose. The extent of this threat can only be determined by evaluating many different factors. These factors include the relative ease with which a computer virus can be written, the motivation involved in writing a computer virus, the damage and overhead incurred by infected systems, and the legal implications of computer viruses, among others. Based upon the research, the development of a computer virus seems to require more persistence than technical expertise. This is a frightening proclamation to the computing community. The education of computer professionals to the dangers that viruses pose to the welfare of the computing industry as a whole is stressed as a means of inhibiting the current proliferation of computer virus programs. Recommendations are made to assist computer users in preventing infection by computer viruses. These recommendations support solid general computer security practices as a means of combating computer viruses.

  18. Viruses infecting marine molluscs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arzul, Isabelle; Corbeil, Serge; Morga, Benjamin; Renault, Tristan

    2017-07-01

    Although a wide range of viruses have been reported in marine molluscs, most of these reports rely on ultrastructural examination and few of these viruses have been fully characterized. The lack of marine mollusc cell lines restricts virus isolation capacities and subsequent characterization works. Our current knowledge is mostly restricted to viruses affecting farmed species such as oysters Crassostrea gigas, abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta or the scallop Chlamys farreri. Molecular approaches which are needed to identify virus affiliation have been carried out for a small number of viruses, most of them belonging to the Herpesviridae and birnaviridae families. These last years, the use of New Generation Sequencing approach has allowed increasing the number of sequenced viral genomes and has improved our capacity to investigate the diversity of viruses infecting marine molluscs. This new information has in turn allowed designing more efficient diagnostic tools. Moreover, the development of experimental infection protocols has answered some questions regarding the pathogenesis of these viruses and their interactions with their hosts. Control and management of viral diseases in molluscs mostly involve active surveillance, implementation of effective bio security measures and development of breeding programs. However factors triggering pathogen development and the life cycle and status of the viruses outside their mollusc hosts still need further investigations. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  19. Coinfection with Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV), Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and Polyoma BK Virus (BKPyV) in Laryngeal, Oropharyngeal and Oral Cavity Cancer

    OpenAIRE

    Drop, Bartłomiej; Strycharz-Dudziak, Małgorzata; Kliszczewska, Ewa; Polz-Dacewicz, Małgorzata

    2017-01-01

    Most research providing evidence for the role of oncogenic viruses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development is focused on one type of virus without analyzing possible interactions between two or more types of viruses. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of co-infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and polyoma BK virus (BKPyV) in oral, oropharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas in Polish patients. The correlations between...

  20. RNA viruses in the sea.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lang, Andrew S; Rise, Matthew L; Culley, Alexander I; Steward, Grieg F

    2009-03-01

    Viruses are ubiquitous in the sea and appear to outnumber all other forms of marine life by at least an order of magnitude. Through selective infection, viruses influence nutrient cycling, community structure, and evolution in the ocean. Over the past 20 years we have learned a great deal about the diversity and ecology of the viruses that constitute the marine virioplankton, but until recently the emphasis has been on DNA viruses. Along with expanding knowledge about RNA viruses that infect important marine animals, recent isolations of RNA viruses that infect single-celled eukaryotes and molecular analyses of the RNA virioplankton have revealed that marine RNA viruses are novel, widespread, and genetically diverse. Discoveries in marine RNA virology are broadening our understanding of the biology, ecology, and evolution of viruses, and the epidemiology of viral diseases, but there is still much that we need to learn about the ecology and diversity of RNA viruses before we can fully appreciate their contributions to the dynamics of marine ecosystems. As a step toward making sense of how RNA viruses contribute to the extraordinary viral diversity in the sea, we summarize in this review what is currently known about RNA viruses that infect marine organisms.

  1. Reverse genetics of measles virus and resulting multivalent recombinant vaccines: applications of recombinant measles viruses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Billeter, M A; Naim, H Y; Udem, S A

    2009-01-01

    An overview is given on the development of technologies to allow reverse genetics of RNA viruses, i.e., the rescue of viruses from cDNA, with emphasis on nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses (Mononegavirales), as exemplified for measles virus (MV). Primarily, these technologies allowed site-directed mutagenesis, enabling important insights into a variety of aspects of the biology of these viruses. Concomitantly, foreign coding sequences were inserted to (a) allow localization of virus replication in vivo through marker gene expression, (b) develop candidate multivalent vaccines against measles and other pathogens, and (c) create candidate oncolytic viruses. The vector use of these viruses was experimentally encouraged by the pronounced genetic stability of the recombinants unexpected for RNA viruses, and by the high load of insertable genetic material, in excess of 6 kb. The known assets, such as the small genome size of the vector in comparison to DNA viruses proposed as vectors, the extensive clinical experience of attenuated MV as vaccine with a proven record of high safety and efficacy, and the low production cost per vaccination dose are thus favorably complemented.

  2. Schmallenberg Virus

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    IAS Admin

    explore the potential of this infection crossing the species barrier and thereby .... The virus targets mainly the brain of the unborn animal resulting in neurological ... The virus is located in the blood of the adult infected animal or in the central ...

  3. Gambaran Kadar Kolesterol Total Pada Penderita Hipertensi Sebeum Dan Sesudah Terapi Bekam Basah

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sistiyono Sistiyono

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Hipertensi merupakan faktor resiko utama dari perkembangan penyakit jantung dan stroke. Penyakit hipertensi berkembang secara perlahan, tetapi secara potensial sangat berbahaya. Hipertensi biasanya dikuti dengan penyakit lain yang menyertainya seperti hiperlipidemia Salah satu profil lipid yang dapat diukur adanya hiperlipidemia adalah kadar kolesterol total. Upaya pengendalian hipertensi yang disebabkan kadar kolesterol total yang tinggi yaitu dengan cara pengobatan baik sercara farmakologi maupun non-farmakologi. Pengobatan non-farmakologi salah satunya adalah terapi bekam basah.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui selisih rata-rata kadar kolesterol total pada penderita hipertensi sebelum, sesudah diberikan terapi bekam basah pertama dan kedua dengan pola tiga titik. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah pre-experimental dengan desain penelitian pre and post test without control yaitu kadar kolesterol total sebelum dilakukan terapi bekam basah adalah pre test, sedangkan kadar kolesterol total setelah dilakukan terapi bekam basah adalah post test. Hasil didapatkan rata – rata kadar kolesterol total sebelum dilakukan terapi bekam basah adalah 194,89 mg/dl, setelah dilakukan terapi bekam basah pertama sebesar 200,89 mg/dl dan setelah dilakukan terapi bekam basah kedua menjadi 200, 33 mg/dl. Kesimpulann dari penelitian ini adalah selisih rata – rata kadar kolesterol total sebelum terapi bekam basah dengan setelah terapi bekam basah pertama adalah 6,00 mg/dl atau mengalami kenaikan sebesar 3,08% sedangkan selisih rata – rata kadar kolesterol total sebelum terapi bekam basah dengan setelah terapi bekam basah kedua adalah 5,44 mg/dl atau mengalami kenaikan sebesar 2,79%.

  4. ANALISIS BIAYA TERAPI STROKE PADA PASIEN RAWAT INAP DI RUMAH SAKIT PKU MUHAMMADIYAH BANTUL YOGYAKARTA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Faridah Baroroh

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Stroke merupakan penyebab kematian paling tinggi di dunia selain kanker, selain itu terapi stroke juga memerlukan biaya yang besar, sehingga pengatasan tepat sangat diperlukan untuk mengatasinya. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui jenis obat, komponen biaya, dan rata-rata biaya obat terapi stroke perhari rawat inap di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah deskriptif dengan data retrospektif Januari-Juni 2015 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisa biaya dilakukan melalui payers perspective yang difokuskan pada biaya medik langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 130 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, 10,4% stroke hemorrhage dan 89,6% stroke non hemorrhage. Jenis obat terapi stroke yang banyak digunakan adalah neuroprotektan citicholine dan piracetam. Komponen biaya terbesar adalah biaya obat, stroke stroke hemorrhage 34.6% dan non hemorrhage 34.7%. Rata-rata biaya obat perhari rawat inap stroke hemorrhage Rp.65.323 – Rp.79.979 dan stroke non hemorrhage Rp.115.384 - Rp.119.723. Rata-rata biaya obat stroke per hari rawat inap pasien stroke hemorrhage dan stroke non hemorrhage menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan (p>0.05. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah jenis obat yang banyak digunakan neuroprotektan citicholine dan piracetam, dengan komponen biaya terbesar adalah biaya obat 34.6% - 34.7% dari biaya total perawatan, serta tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan (p>0.05 rata-rata biaya obat stroke per hari rawat inap pasien stroke hemorrhage dan stroke non hemorrhage.

  5. A combination in-ovo vaccine for avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Steel, John; Burmakina, Svetlana V; Thomas, Colleen; Spackman, Erica; García-Sastre, Adolfo; Swayne, David E; Palese, Peter

    2008-01-24

    The protection of poultry from H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can be achieved through vaccination, as part of a broader disease control strategy. We have previously generated a recombinant influenza virus expressing, (i) an H5 hemagglutinin protein, modified by the removal of the polybasic cleavage peptide and (ii) the ectodomain of the NDV hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein in the place of the ectodomain of influenza neuraminidase (Park MS, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;103(21):8203-8). Here we show this virus is attenuated in primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cell culture, and demonstrate protection of C57BL/6 mice from lethal challenge with an H5 HA-containing influenza virus through immunisation with the recombinant virus. In addition, in-ovo vaccination of 18-day-old embryonated chicken eggs provided 90% and 80% protection against highly stringent lethal challenge by NDV and H5N1 virus, respectively. We propose that this virus has potential as a safe in-ovo live, attenuated, bivalent avian influenza and Newcastle disease virus vaccine.

  6. Estudio de tolerancia local de la vacuna vax-TyVi® en ratas Sprague Dawley

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eligio Sosa Roble

    2005-05-01

    Full Text Available La vacuna antitifoídica vax-TyVi® consiste en una preparación de polisacárido capsular Vi de Salmonella typhi, el cual es diluido en una solución buffer isotónica solución amortiguador, a la que se le añade fenol como preservo. Cada dosis de 0,5 mL contiene 25 μg de polisacárido como sustancia activa. En nuestro país el esquema de vacunación contra la fiebre tifoidea con vax- TyVi® se aplica a los alumnos de 9-10 años (5to grado, una 2da dosis a la edad de 12-13 años (8vo grado y una 3ra dosis a la edad de 16-17 años (11no grado. Además, es vacunado el personal de riesgo de Salud Pública y el personal que manipula alimentos. En el presente trabajo se describe el ensayo de tolerancia local llevado a cabo con la vacuna vax-TyVi® durante su fase de estudios preclínicos, actualmente utilizada en la vacunación contra la fiebre tifoidea en Cuba. Se empleó un total de 170 ratas que fueron tratadas con la vacuna, su placebo (todos los componentes, excepto la materia prima activa, o que no recibieron tratamiento alguno (controles. Se realizaron observaciones clínicas diarias durante todo el ensayo, se determinó el consumo de agua y alimentos y se realizaron investigaciones anatomopatológicas a animales sacrificados 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 y 42 días después de la inoculación. No se observaron muertes ni síntomas de toxicidad; no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los pesos vivos, el consumo de agua ni el de alimentos entre los grupos del ensayo. Tampoco se observaron lesiones anatomopatológicas que indicaran toxicidad por parte del producto inoculado. Los resultados permitieron concluir que la potencialidad de la vacuna vax-TyVi® para producir efectos adversos locales es baja.

  7. Efecto del suplemento de aceites vegetales sobre el perfil lipídico en ratas wistar.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elpidia Poveda

    2005-03-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. Se informan efectos sobre el perfil lipídico por acción de los tocoferoles, tocotrienoles y ácidos grasos saturados, monoinsaturados y poliinsaturados. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto del consumo de aceites vegetales de alta utilización en Colombia (palma, soya, maíz, girasol y canola sobre las concentraciones sanguíneas de triglicéridos, colesterol total y colesterol-HDL en ratas Wistar. Metodología. Se cuantificaron tocoferoles, tocotrienoles y ácidos grasos de los aceites por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución. A los animales se les suministró un suplemento de 0,2 ml/día de aceite durante 4 semanas; se sacrificó un gru o de cada tratamiento (grupos tratados con aceite de palma, aceite de soya, aceite de maíz, aceite de girasol y aceite de canola para obtener muestras de sangre y cuantificar triglicéridos, colesterol total y colesterol- HDL. Los datos se analizaron según media, desviación estándar, análisis de varianza y Bonferroni. Resultados. No se presentaron diferencias en los triglicéridos a excepción del grupo control versus soya en la tercera semana de tratamiento; se observó también una tendencia a la disminución en el grupo de palma y al aumento en los de girasol y canola. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en colesterol total en ninguna de las semanas de intervención. Se presentaron diferencias en las concentraciones de colesterol HDL en las semanas de tratamiento (p=0,005, una tendencia a la disminución en el grupo de palma y al aumento en el grupo de girasol y maíz. Conclusión. Los aceites modifican el perfil lipídico; el bajo contenido de ácidos grasos saturados, el contenido de tocoferoles y tocotrienoles son favorables para el aumento del colesterol HDL; los tocotrienoles probablemente disminuyen los troglicéridos y atenúan las respuestas desfavorables de los ácidos grasos saturados.

  8. Evaluation of the suitability of a plant virus, pepper mild mottle virus, as a surrogate of human enteric viruses for assessment of the efficacy of coagulation-rapid sand filtration to remove those viruses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shirasaki, N; Matsushita, T; Matsui, Y; Yamashita, R

    2018-02-01

    Here, we evaluated the removal of three representative human enteric viruses - adenovirus (AdV) type 40, coxsackievirus (CV) B5, and hepatitis A virus (HAV) IB - and one surrogate of human caliciviruses - murine norovirus (MNV) type 1 - by coagulation-rapid sand filtration, using water samples from eight water sources for drinking water treatment plants in Japan. The removal ratios of a plant virus (pepper mild mottle virus; PMMoV) and two bacteriophages (MS2 and φX174) were compared with the removal ratios of human enteric viruses to assess the suitability of PMMoV, MS2, and φX174 as surrogates for human enteric viruses. The removal ratios of AdV, CV, HAV, and MNV, evaluated via the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, were 0.8-2.5-log 10 when commercially available polyaluminum chloride (PACl, basicity 1.5) and virgin silica sand were used as the coagulant and filter medium, respectively. The type of coagulant affected the virus removal efficiency, but the age of silica sand used in the rapid sand filtration did not. Coagulation-rapid sand filtration with non-sulfated, high-basicity PACls (basicity 2.1 or 2.5) removed viruses more efficiently than the other aluminum-based coagulants. The removal ratios of MS2 were sometimes higher than those of the three human enteric viruses and MNV, whereas the removal ratios of φX174 tended to be smaller than those of the three human enteric viruses and MNV. In contrast, the removal ratios of PMMoV were similar to and strongly correlated with those of the three human enteric viruses and MNV. Thus, PMMoV appears to be a suitable surrogate for human enteric viruses for the assessment of the efficacy of coagulation-rapid sand filtration to remove viruses. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. An inactivated whole-virus porcine parvovirus vaccine protects pigs against disease but does not prevent virus shedding even after homologous virus challenge.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Foerster, Tessa; Streck, André Felipe; Speck, Stephanie; Selbitz, Hans-Joachim; Lindner, Thomas; Truyen, Uwe

    2016-06-01

    Inactivated whole-virus vaccines against porcine parvovirus (PPV) can prevent disease but not infection and virus shedding after heterologous virus challenge. Here, we showed that the same is true for a homologous challenge. Pregnant sows were vaccinated with an experimental inactivated vaccine based on PPV strain 27a. They were challenged on day 40 of gestation with the virulent porcine parvovirus PPV-27a from which the vaccine was prepared (homologous challenge). On day 90 of gestation, the fetuses from vaccinated sows were protected against disease, while the fetuses of the non-vaccinated sows (control group) exhibited signs of parvovirus disease. All gilts, whether vaccinated or not vaccinated, showed a boost of PPV-specific antibodies indicative of virus infection and replication. Low DNA copy numbers, but not infectious virus, could be demonstrated in nasal or rectal swabs of immunized sows, but high copy numbers of challenge virus DNA as well as infectious virus could both be demonstrated in non-vaccinated sows.

  10. Efeitos dos frutos da Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil. em ratas prenhes e sua prole durante a gestação e início da lactação: alterações na esfera reprodutiva e na atividade dos sistemas monoaminérgicos centrais

    OpenAIRE

    Aline Schwarz

    2005-01-01

    A Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil (Solanaceae) é uma planta nativa do cerrado brasileiro, cujos frutos possuem os glicoalcalóides esteroidais solasonina e solamargina. É possível que a ingestão de frutos que contenham esses glicoalcalóides possam interferir no equilíbrio do sistema endócrino. O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os possíveis efeitos tóxicos provenientes da ingestão diária de frutos verdes da S. lycocarpum (10% na ração) por ratas prenhes, a partir do 6° dia da...

  11. Dinucleotide Composition in Animal RNA Viruses Is Shaped More by Virus Family than by Host Species.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Di Giallonardo, Francesca; Schlub, Timothy E; Shi, Mang; Holmes, Edward C

    2017-04-15

    Viruses use the cellular machinery of their hosts for replication. It has therefore been proposed that the nucleotide and dinucleotide compositions of viruses should match those of their host species. If this is upheld, it may then be possible to use dinucleotide composition to predict the true host species of viruses sampled in metagenomic surveys. However, it is also clear that different taxonomic groups of viruses tend to have distinctive patterns of dinucleotide composition that may be independent of host species. To determine the relative strength of the effect of host versus virus family in shaping dinucleotide composition, we performed a comparative analysis of 20 RNA virus families from 15 host groupings, spanning two animal phyla and more than 900 virus species. In particular, we determined the odds ratios for the 16 possible dinucleotides and performed a discriminant analysis to evaluate the capability of virus dinucleotide composition to predict the correct virus family or host taxon from which it was isolated. Notably, while 81% of the data analyzed here were predicted to the correct virus family, only 62% of these data were predicted to their correct subphylum/class host and a mere 32% to their correct mammalian order. Similarly, dinucleotide composition has a weak predictive power for different hosts within individual virus families. We therefore conclude that dinucleotide composition is generally uniform within a virus family but less well reflects that of its host species. This has obvious implications for attempts to accurately predict host species from virus genome sequences alone. IMPORTANCE Determining the processes that shape virus genomes is central to understanding virus evolution and emergence. One question of particular importance is why nucleotide and dinucleotide frequencies differ so markedly between viruses. In particular, it is currently unclear whether host species or virus family has the biggest impact on dinucleotide frequencies and

  12. Monoclonal antibodies against plant viruses

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sandler, E.; Dietzgen, R.G.

    1984-01-01

    Ever since antigenic properties of plant viruses were discovered antisera have been raised and used for plant virus diagnosis and for the analysis of virus structure as well. From the early qualitative diagnosis method of precipitating the virus in clarified sap of an infected plant and the first quantitative application of the precipitin test vast progress has been made with regard to the development of highly sensitive and highly quantitative methods for virus detection. Of equal importance was the improvement of methods for separating virus from host cell components since the specificity of antisera raised against a virus could be increased by using an antigen for immunization highly concentrated and largely freed from contaminating host substances. The introduction of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) into plant virology allows detection of virus in nanogram quantities. Still, the conventionally raised antisera, no matter how pure an antigen was used for immunization, are polyclonal. They contain products of thousands of different antibody-secreting plasma cell clones which can be directed against all antigenic determinants (epitopes) of the virus, but also against antigens of the host plant that may not have been entirely separated from the immunizing virus during the purification procedure. Even after cross adsorption of polyclonal antisera some residual heterogeneity can be expected to remain. Within these boundaries the information gained with polyclonal antisera on virus structure and on virus diagnosis has to be interpreted

  13. PENGARUH STRATEGI BELAJAR PETA KONSEP TERHADAP KETUNTASAN BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ika Eryanti

    2015-12-01

    random sampling. Tes yang diberikan sebanyak 10 soal berbentuk uraian. Uji prasyarat analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Uji Kai Kuadrat (chi square, Uji Fisher dan teknik analisis data menggunakan Uji-t. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan pengujian hipotesis diperoleh thitung=2,11, pada taraf signifikansi 5% dan db=76, diperoleh ttabel=1,99. Karena thitung> ttabel (2,11>1,99, maka Ho ditolak, artinya skor rata-rata tes akhir siswa kelompok eksperimen yang dalam pembelajarannya menggunakan strategi belajar peta konsep lebih tinggi dari pada skor rata-rata tes akhir siswa kelompok kontrol yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional.

  14. Zika Virus and Pregnancy

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Management Education & Events Advocacy For Patients About ACOG Zika Virus and Pregnancy Home For Patients Zika Virus and ... Patient Education Pamphlets - Spanish Share: PEV002, September 2016 Zika Virus and Pregnancy There are risks to your fetus ...

  15. Zika Virus

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... with facebook share with twitter share with linkedin Zika Virus Credit: NIAID A female Aedes mosquito. This type of mosquito can transmit Zika, ... transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Zika virus can be transmitted from an infected pregnant woman ...

  16. CHANDIPURA VIRUS

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    First page Back Continue Last page Overview Graphics. CHANDIPURA VIRUS. First isolated from a village called Chandipura near Nagpur in 1965 in India. Belongs to rhabdoviridae family. Used as a Model System to study RNA virus multiplication in the infected cell at molecular level. Notes:

  17. Clinical and biological differences between recurrent herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus infections

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Straus, S.E.

    1989-01-01

    The major features that distinguish recurrent herpes simplex virus infections from zoster are illustrated in this article by two case histories. The clinical and epidemiologic features that characterize recurrent herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus infections are reviewed. It is noted that herpesvirus infections are more common and severe in patients with cellular immune deficiency. Each virus evokes both humoral and cellular immune response in the course of primary infection. DNA hybridization studies with RNA probes labelled with sulfur-35 indicate that herpes simplex viruses persist within neurons, and that varicella-zoster virus is found in the satellite cells that encircle the neurons

  18. Toxicidad por dosis repetidas de la solución CM-95 tratada magnéticamente en ratas Sprague Dawley

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clara E. Martínez

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se realizó la evaluación toxicológica a dosis repetidas por el método de test límite del candidato a inmunopotenciador, la solución CM-95 tratada magnéticamente, acorde con las regulaciones de la Organización para la Colaboración Económica y el Desarrollo, incluida en la Guía 407. El objetivo fue establecer las posibles lesiones orgánicas y funcionales ocasionadas por la solución CM-95, tratada magnéticamente con la máxima inducción magnética permisible (0,16 T, para la obtención del candidato a inmunopotenciador. Se emplearon tres grupos: Experimental, Control y Satélite. Como Biomodelo experimental se utilizaron ratas Sprague Dawley machos y hembras con pesos de 150 a 200 g. Durante el estudio no se registraron signos clínicos de toxicidad ni muertes en ninguno de los animales de los grupos tratados, ni en los controles. No hubo afectación del peso corporal durante el ensayo. Aunque hubo variaciones en los valores de algunos parámetros hematológicos y bioquímicos, estos no tuvieron significación biológica. No se encontraron lesiones macroscópicas, ni microscópicas; solo se observaron efectos proliferativos en el tejido linfoide de timo y bazo, relacionados con la respuesta del sistema inmune. La solución CM-95 tratada magnéticamente, no mostró toxicidad en el modelo animal y nivel de dosis utilizado, y bajo las condiciones experimentales ensayadas.

  19. Influence of the surgical manipulation of the colon in colonic induced carcinogenesis in rats Influencia de la manipulación quirúrgica del colon en la carcinogénesis cólica inducida en ratas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. F. Noguera Aguilar

    2004-05-01

    Full Text Available Aim: to investigate the influence of different experimental manipulations in a model of colonic experimental carcinogenesis with pharmacological induction in the rat. Experimental design: a total of 90 Sprague-Dawley male rats, divided into three groups, were used: non-surgical (n = 30; surgical with colonic trauma (n = 20, and surgical with colo-colonic anastomosis (n = 40. Carcinogenic induction was carried out with 1-2 dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride. Colonic adenocarcinomas were identified and the number of tumors, as well as tumoral surface and percentage of tumoral surface was established. One-way ANOVA and Chi-square were employed for the statistical analysis. Results: the number of tumors was greater in the surgical group than in the control group, and tumors preferentially develop-ed around the manipulated colon. Surface and tumoral percentage were greater in the surgical group than in the control group, being also greater in the anastomosis group than in the group with colonic trauma. Within anastomosis groups, a greater tumor surface and percentage was found in the group with titanium than in the group with reabsorbable material. Conclusions: the experimental manipulation of the colon in rats enhances drug-induced colon carcingenesis. The creation of an anastomosis further increases the carcinogenic process compared with simulated anastomosis. This process is also enhanced by the quantity of suture material included in the anastomosis, and by the non-reabsorbable nature of the materials used in the anastomotic line.Objetivo: valorar la influencia de las distintas manipulaciones experimentales en un modelo de carcinogénesis cólica experimental con inducción farmacológica en la rata. Diseño experimental: se emplearon 90 ratas Sprague-Dawley macho, divididas en tres grupos: no quirúrgico (n=30; quirúrgico con traumatismo cólico (n=20, y quirúrgico con anastomosis colocólica (n=40. La inducción carcinogénica se realizó con

  20. Zika Virus and Pregnancy

    Medline Plus

    Full Text Available ... Management Education & Events Advocacy For Patients About ACOG Zika Virus and Pregnancy Home For Patients Zika Virus ... Patient Education Pamphlets - Spanish Share: PEV002, September 2016 Zika Virus and Pregnancy There are risks to your ...

  1. Zika Virus and Pregnancy

    Medline Plus

    Full Text Available ... Education & Events Advocacy For Patients About ACOG Zika Virus and Pregnancy Home For Patients Zika Virus and ... Education Pamphlets - Spanish Share: PEV002, September 2016 Zika Virus and Pregnancy There are risks to your fetus ...

  2. What's West Nile Virus?

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... for Educators Search English Español What's West Nile Virus? KidsHealth / For Kids / What's West Nile Virus? Print en español ¿Qué es el Virus del Nilo Occidental? What exactly is the West ...

  3. Zika Virus and Pregnancy

    Medline Plus

    Full Text Available ... Advocacy For Patients About ACOG Zika Virus and Pregnancy Home For Patients Zika Virus and Pregnancy Page ... Spanish Share: PEV002, September 2016 Zika Virus and Pregnancy There are risks to your fetus if you ...

  4. Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infection ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infection in Cameroon: Investigation of the Genetic Diversity and Virulent ... AFRICAN JOURNALS ONLINE (AJOL) · Journals · Advanced Search · USING AJOL · RESOURCES ... DNA sequencing, and bioinformatics tools for sequence management and analysis.

  5. Virus world as an evolutionary network of viruses and capsidless selfish elements.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Koonin, Eugene V; Dolja, Valerian V

    2014-06-01

    Viruses were defined as one of the two principal types of organisms in the biosphere, namely, as capsid-encoding organisms in contrast to ribosome-encoding organisms, i.e., all cellular life forms. Structurally similar, apparently homologous capsids are present in a huge variety of icosahedral viruses that infect bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. These findings prompted the concept of the capsid as the virus "self" that defines the identity of deep, ancient viral lineages. However, several other widespread viral "hallmark genes" encode key components of the viral replication apparatus (such as polymerases and helicases) and combine with different capsid proteins, given the inherently modular character of viral evolution. Furthermore, diverse, widespread, capsidless selfish genetic elements, such as plasmids and various types of transposons, share hallmark genes with viruses. Viruses appear to have evolved from capsidless selfish elements, and vice versa, on multiple occasions during evolution. At the earliest, precellular stage of life's evolution, capsidless genetic parasites most likely emerged first and subsequently gave rise to different classes of viruses. In this review, we develop the concept of a greater virus world which forms an evolutionary network that is held together by shared conserved genes and includes both bona fide capsid-encoding viruses and different classes of capsidless replicons. Theoretical studies indicate that selfish replicons (genetic parasites) inevitably emerge in any sufficiently complex evolving ensemble of replicators. Therefore, the key signature of the greater virus world is not the presence of a capsid but rather genetic, informational parasitism itself, i.e., various degrees of reliance on the information processing systems of the host. Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

  6. Indeks Massa Ventrikel Kiri dengan Disfungsi Diastole pada Pasien Konsentrik Penyakit Jantung Hipertensi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chaerul Achmad

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available Abstrak Hipertrofi ventrikel kiri ditunjukkan secara objektif dengan peningkatan indeks massa ventrikel kiri (IMVK. Peningkatan massa ventrikel kiri dan dilatasi jantung ruang adalah parameter untuk penyakit jantung hipertensi (PJH. Remodeling jantung ini mengubah fungsi jantung yang mengakibatkan disfungsi diastolik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan korelasi antara IMVK dan disfungsi diastolik pada pasien PJH konsentrik. Terdapat 49 pasien PJH konsentrik. Dari 49 pasien, 43 pasien dilibatkan, 15 laki-laki (35% dan 28 perempuan (65% memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Penelitian dilakukan di Cardiac Centre RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode 1 Oktober 2014–15 February 2015. Pemeriksaan tinggi dan berat badan menggunakan alat SMIC ZT 120. Pemeriksaan ekokardiografi standar dilakukan dan fungsi diastolik dinilai dengan pemeriksaan E/e' menggunakan mesin ekokardiografi Vivid 7. Usia rata-rata subjek adalah 56,56 tahun dan indeks massa tubuh rata-rata adalah 25,96 kg/m2. Tekanan darah sistole rata-rata 145,51 (SD 21,969 mmHg dan diastole rata-rata 85,13 (SD 10,227 mmHg. Frekuensi denyut jantung rata-rata 74,07 kali/menit. Fraksi ejeksi rata-rata 73,02. Obat yang secara teratur diminum oleh subjek angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor pada 17 orang (40%, calcium channel blocker 19 orang (44%, beta-blocker 15 orang (35%, angiotensin II reseptor blocker 9 orang (21%, dan diuretik 4 orang (9%. Nilai IMVK rata-rata 130,36 (SD 21,077 g/m2. Nilai E/e' rata-rata 10,56 (SD 2,761. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara IMVK dan derajat disfungsi diastolik (p=0,73. Data IMVK dan derajat tingkat disfungsi diastolik terdistribusi normal. Simpulan, tidak terdapat hubungan antara IMVK dan disfungsi diastolik pada pasien PJH jenis konsentrik. Abstract Left ventricular hypertrophy was shown with increased left ventricular mass index (LVMI. Increased left ventricular mass and cardiac chamber dilatation are parameters for hypertensive

  7. Replacement of Murine Leukemia Virus Readthrough Mechanism by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Frameshift Allows Synthesis of Viral Proteins and Virus Replication

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brunelle, Marie-Noëlle; Brakier-Gingras, Léa; Lemay, Guy

    2003-01-01

    Retroviruses use unusual recoding strategies to synthesize the Gag-Pol polyprotein precursor of viral enzymes. In human immunodeficiency virus, ribosomes translating full-length viral RNA can shift back by 1 nucleotide at a specific site defined by the presence of both a slippery sequence and a downstream stimulatory element made of an extensive secondary structure. This so-called frameshift mechanism could become a target for the development of novel antiviral strategies. A different recoding strategy is used by other retroviruses, such as murine leukemia viruses, to synthesize the Gag-Pol precursor; in this case, a stop codon is suppressed in a readthrough process, again due to the presence of a specific structure adopted by the mRNA. Development of antiframeshift agents will greatly benefit from the availability of a simple animal and virus model. For this purpose, the murine leukemia virus readthrough region was rendered inactive by mutagenesis and the frameshift region of human immunodeficiency virus was inserted to generate a chimeric provirus. This substitution of readthrough by frameshift allows the synthesis of viral proteins, and the chimeric provirus sequence was found to generate infectious viruses. This system could be a most interesting alternative to study ribosomal frameshift in the context of a virus amenable to the use of a simple animal model. PMID:12584361

  8. [Mumps vaccine virus transmission].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Otrashevskaia, E V; Kulak, M V; Otrashevskaia, A V; Karpov, I A; Fisenko, E G; Ignat'ev, G M

    2013-01-01

    In this work we report the mumps vaccine virus shedding based on the laboratory confirmed cases of the mumps virus (MuV) infection. The likely epidemiological sources of the transmitted mumps virus were children who were recently vaccinated with the mumps vaccine containing Leningrad-Zagreb or Leningrad-3 MuV. The etiology of the described cases of the horizontal transmission of both mumps vaccine viruses was confirmed by PCR with the sequential restriction analysis.

  9. Zika Virus and Pregnancy

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    Full Text Available ... Management Education & Events Advocacy For Patients About ACOG Zika Virus and Pregnancy Home For Patients Zika Virus and ... Patient Education Pamphlets - Spanish Share: PEV002, September 2016 Zika Virus and Pregnancy There are risks to your fetus ...

  10. Zika Virus Fact Sheet

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... is caused by a virus transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. People with Zika virus disease can have symptoms including mild fever, skin ... framework. Q&A: Zika virus and complication ... mosquito from the Aedes genus, mainly Aedes aegypti in tropical regions. Aedes ...

  11. Computer Viruses: An Overview.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marmion, Dan

    1990-01-01

    Discusses the early history and current proliferation of computer viruses that occur on Macintosh and DOS personal computers, mentions virus detection programs, and offers suggestions for how libraries can protect themselves and their users from damage by computer viruses. (LRW)

  12. An infectious bat-derived chimeric influenza virus harbouring the entry machinery of an influenza A virus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Juozapaitis, Mindaugas; Aguiar Moreira, Étori; Mena, Ignacio; Giese, Sebastian; Riegger, David; Pohlmann, Anne; Höper, Dirk; Zimmer, Gert; Beer, Martin; García-Sastre, Adolfo; Schwemmle, Martin

    2014-07-23

    In 2012, the complete genomic sequence of a new and potentially harmful influenza A-like virus from bats (H17N10) was identified. However, infectious influenza virus was neither isolated from infected bats nor reconstituted, impeding further characterization of this virus. Here we show the generation of an infectious chimeric virus containing six out of the eight bat virus genes, with the remaining two genes encoding the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins of a prototypic influenza A virus. This engineered virus replicates well in a broad range of mammalian cell cultures, human primary airway epithelial cells and mice, but poorly in avian cells and chicken embryos without further adaptation. Importantly, the bat chimeric virus is unable to reassort with other influenza A viruses. Although our data do not exclude the possibility of zoonotic transmission of bat influenza viruses into the human population, they indicate that multiple barriers exist that makes this an unlikely event.

  13. Zika virus infection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pougnet, Laurence; Thill, Chloé; Pougnet, Richard; Auvinet, Henri; Giacardi, Christophe; Drouillard, Isabelle

    2016-12-01

    A 21-year old woman from New-Caledonia had 40 ̊C fever with vomiting, arthralgia, myalgia, and measles-like rash. Etiological analyses showed primary infection with Zika virus. Because of severe clinical presentation, she was hospitalized in the intensive care unit of the Brest military Hospital. Zika virus is mainly transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. If they settle in Metropolitan France, Zika virus might also spread there.

  14. Comparative analysis of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and new RHDV2 virus antigenicity, using specific virus-like particles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bárcena, Juan; Guerra, Beatriz; Angulo, Iván; González, Julia; Valcárcel, Félix; Mata, Carlos P; Castón, José R; Blanco, Esther; Alejo, Alí

    2015-09-24

    In 2010 a new Lagovirus related to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) emerged in France and has since rapidly spread throughout domestic and wild rabbit populations of several European countries. The new virus, termed RHDV2, exhibits distinctive genetic, antigenic and pathogenic features. Notably, RHDV2 kills rabbits previously vaccinated with RHDV vaccines. Here we report for the first time the generation and characterization of RHDV2-specific virus-like particles (VLPs). Our results further confirmed the differential antigenic properties exhibited by RHDV and RHDV2, highlighting the need of using RHDV2-specific diagnostic assays to monitor the spread of this new virus.

  15. Structural and Functional Studies on the Fusion and Attachment Envelope Glycoproteins of Nipah Virus and Hendra Virus

    Science.gov (United States)

    2003-01-01

    including measles virus (MeV), mumps virus, Sendai virus (SeV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), rinderpest virus, canine distemper virus (CDV), human...Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD. Hut 102, MT2, MT4, and CEM human T cell lines were provided by Chou-Zen Giam, USUHS, Bethesda, MD. The human osteosarcoma

  16. Single Assay Detection of Acute Bee Paralysis Virus, Kashmir Bee Virus and Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Francis, Roy Mathew; Kryger, Per

    2012-01-01

    A new RT-PCR primer pair designed to identify Acute Bee Paralysis Virus (ABPV), Kashmir Bee Virus (KBV) or Israeli Acute Bee Paralysis Virus (IAPV) of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in a single assay is described. These primers are used to screen samples for ABPV, KBV, or IAPV in a single RT-PCR ......-PCR reaction saving time and money. The primers are located in the predicted overlapping gene (pog/ORFX) which is highly conserved across ABPV, KBV, IAPV and other dicistroviruses of social insects. This study has also identified the first case of IAPV in Denmark....

  17. Kajian Proses Pembuatan Perhiasan Perak Cara Manual dan Masinal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joni Setiawan

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Perhiasan dapat dibuat dengan 2 cara yaitu manual dan masinal. Masing-masing cara mempunyai kekurangan dan kelebihan. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya kajian dari dua cara tersebut sehingga bisa mengetahui cara apa yang lebih optimal dalam memproduksi perhiasan. Dalam kajian ini perhiasan yang dibuat adalah cincin dengan bahan perak 100 gram dan dicampur dengan tembaga 5 gram dengan 2 (dua model yaitu model A (cincin motif polos dan model B (cincin motif parang.Metode yang dipakai adalah dengan membandingkan hasil produk dari dua cara tersebut. Parameter yang dibandingkan adalah kualitas, waktu dan biaya dari produk tersebut.Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kadar produk rata-rata dengan cara masinal lebih tlnggi 1,25%dibanding cara manual, dimensi produk rata-rata dengan cara masinal lebih presisi dibanding cara manual. Waktu proses rata-rata dengan cara masinal lebih cepat 97% dibanding cara manual dan biaya produksi cara masinal lebih rendah 63% dibanding cara manual.Dengan melihat hasil kajian tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa cara masinal lebih efisien dan efektif dibanding cara manual.

  18. PEMBELAJARAN MEMPRODUKSI TEKS EKSPLANASI KOMPLEKS MENGGUNAKAN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PROYEK UNTUK SISWA SMK

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jimat Susilo

    2017-08-01

      Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas dan hasil siswa SMK dalam memproduksi teks eksplanasi kompleks dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen semu dengan menggunakan nonequivalent control group design.Populasi yang dipilih yaitu siswa kelas XI SMK 1 PGRI Palimanan yang berjumlah 306 siswa.Sampel yang digunakan adalah kelas XI TKJ 3 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas XI MM 1 sebagai kelas kontrol.Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan instrumen tes dan lembar observasi.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat dibuktikan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis proyek efektif. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil tes awal dengan nilai rata-rata 58, mengalami peningkatan pada tes akhir dengan nilai rata-rata 78,5.Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data nilai  lebih besar dari   pada taraf signifikansi 5% yaitu >1,998.Hasil observasi aktivitas siswa menunjukkan kriteria baik dengan rata-rata 70,3%. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran memproduksi teks eksplanasi kompleks dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek untuk siswa SMK efektif dan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa. Kata Kunci: Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek, Memproduksi Teks Eksplanasi Kompleks

  19. PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW II TERHADAP PENGUASAAN KONSEP DAN KECEMASAN PESERTA DIDIK SMA KELAS XI PADA MATERI SISTEM KOLOID

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zikra Azizah

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw II terhadap peningkatan penguasaan konsep dan penurunan kecemasan peserta didik. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan desain pretest-posttest, nonequivalent control group design. Subyek penelitian berjumlah 79 peserta didik kelas XI IPA di salah satu SMAN di kota Padang, terdiri dari 40 peserta didik kelas eksperimen dan 39 peserta didik kelas kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu tes penguasaan konsep, kuesioner kecemasan, pedoman wawancara, dan lembar observasi peserta didik. Analisis data menggunakan uji perbedaan rata-rata yaitu Uji-t atau uji Mann-Whitney. Skor rata-rata N-Gain penguasaan konsep peserta didik kelas eksperimen sebesar 0,60 dan kelas kontrol sebesar 0,49. Skor rata-rata N-Gain kecemasan peserta didik kelas eksperimen 0,45 dan kelas kontrol sebesar 0,36. Berdasarkan skor N-Gain terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara penguasaan konsep dan kecemasan peserta didik kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw II dapat meningkatkan penguasaan konsep peserta didik dan menurunkan kecemasan peserta didik.

  20. Structure of viruses: a short history.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rossmann, Michael G

    2013-05-01

    This review is a partially personal account of the discovery of virus structure and its implication for virus function. Although I have endeavored to cover all aspects of structural virology and to acknowledge relevant individuals, I know that I have favored taking examples from my own experience in telling this story. I am anxious to apologize to all those who I might have unintentionally offended by omitting their work. The first knowledge of virus structure was a result of Stanley's studies of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and the subsequent X-ray fiber diffraction analysis by Bernal and Fankuchen in the 1930s. At about the same time it became apparent that crystals of small RNA plant and animal viruses could diffract X-rays, demonstrating that viruses must have distinct and unique structures. More advances were made in the 1950s with the realization by Watson and Crick that viruses might have icosahedral symmetry. With the improvement of experimental and computational techniques in the 1970s, it became possible to determine the three-dimensional, near-atomic resolution structures of some small icosahedral plant and animal RNA viruses. It was a great surprise that the protecting capsids of the first virus structures to be determined had the same architecture. The capsid proteins of these viruses all had a 'jelly-roll' fold and, furthermore, the organization of the capsid protein in the virus were similar, suggesting a common ancestral virus from which many of today's viruses have evolved. By this time a more detailed structure of TMV had also been established, but both the architecture and capsid protein fold were quite different to that of the icosahedral viruses. The small icosahedral RNA virus structures were also informative of how and where cellular receptors, anti-viral compounds, and neutralizing antibodies bound to these viruses. However, larger lipid membrane enveloped viruses did not form sufficiently ordered crystals to obtain good X-ray diffraction

  1. Computer Viruses: Pathology and Detection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maxwell, John R.; Lamon, William E.

    1992-01-01

    Explains how computer viruses were originally created, how a computer can become infected by a virus, how viruses operate, symptoms that indicate a computer is infected, how to detect and remove viruses, and how to prevent a reinfection. A sidebar lists eight antivirus resources. (four references) (LRW)

  2. Yeast for virus research

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Richard Yuqi

    2017-01-01

    Budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) are two popular model organisms for virus research. They are natural hosts for viruses as they carry their own indigenous viruses. Both yeasts have been used for studies of plant, animal and human viruses. Many positive sense (+) RNA viruses and some DNA viruses replicate with various levels in yeasts, thus allowing study of those viral activities during viral life cycle. Yeasts are single cell eukaryotic organisms. Hence, many of the fundamental cellular functions such as cell cycle regulation or programed cell death are highly conserved from yeasts to higher eukaryotes. Therefore, they are particularly suited to study the impact of those viral activities on related cellular activities during virus-host interactions. Yeasts present many unique advantages in virus research over high eukaryotes. Yeast cells are easy to maintain in the laboratory with relative short doubling time. They are non-biohazardous, genetically amendable with small genomes that permit genome-wide analysis of virologic and cellular functions. In this review, similarities and differences of these two yeasts are described. Studies of virologic activities such as viral translation, viral replication and genome-wide study of virus-cell interactions in yeasts are highlighted. Impacts of viral proteins on basic cellular functions such as cell cycle regulation and programed cell death are discussed. Potential applications of using yeasts as hosts to carry out functional analysis of small viral genome and to develop high throughput drug screening platform for the discovery of antiviral drugs are presented. PMID:29082230

  3. Special Issue: Honey Bee Viruses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sebastian Gisder

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Pollination of flowering plants is an important ecosystem service provided by wild insect pollinators and managed honey bees. Hence, losses and declines of pollinating insect species threaten human food security and are of major concern not only for apiculture or agriculture but for human society in general. Honey bee colony losses and bumblebee declines have attracted intensive research interest over the last decade and although the problem is far from being solved we now know that viruses are among the key players of many of these bee losses and bumblebee declines. With this special issue on bee viruses we, therefore, aimed to collect high quality original papers reflecting the current state of bee virus research. To this end, we focused on newly discovered viruses (Lake Sinai viruses, bee macula-like virus, or a so far neglected virus species (Apis mellifera filamentous virus, and cutting edge technologies (mass spectrometry, RNAi approach applied in the field.

  4. Special Issue: Honey Bee Viruses

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gisder, Sebastian; Genersch, Elke

    2015-01-01

    Pollination of flowering plants is an important ecosystem service provided by wild insect pollinators and managed honey bees. Hence, losses and declines of pollinating insect species threaten human food security and are of major concern not only for apiculture or agriculture but for human society in general. Honey bee colony losses and bumblebee declines have attracted intensive research interest over the last decade and although the problem is far from being solved we now know that viruses are among the key players of many of these bee losses and bumblebee declines. With this special issue on bee viruses we, therefore, aimed to collect high quality original papers reflecting the current state of bee virus research. To this end, we focused on newly discovered viruses (Lake Sinai viruses, bee macula-like virus), or a so far neglected virus species (Apis mellifera filamentous virus), and cutting edge technologies (mass spectrometry, RNAi approach) applied in the field. PMID:26702462

  5. Diversity of viruses in Ixodes ricinus, and characterization of a neurotropic strain of Eyach virus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moutailler, S; Popovici, I; Devillers, E; Vayssier-Taussat, M; Eloit, M

    2016-05-01

    Ticks transmit more pathogens-including bacteria, parasites and viruses-than any other arthropod vector. Although the epidemiological status of many tick-borne bacteria is very well characterized, tick-borne viruses are still relatively under-studied. Recently, several novel tick-borne viruses have been isolated from human febrile illnesses following tick bites, indicating the existence of other potential new and unknown tick-borne viruses. We used high-throughput sequencing to analyse the virome of Ixodes ricinus, the main vector of tick-borne pathogens in Europe. The majority of collected viral sequences were assigned to two potentially novel Nairovirus and Phlebovirus viruses, with prevalence rates ranging from 3.95% to 23.88% in adults and estimated to be between 0.14% and 72.16% in nymphs. These viruses could not be isolated from the brains of inoculated immunocompromised mice, perhaps indicating that they are unable to infect vertebrates. Within the I. ricinus virome, we also identified contigs with >90% identity to the known Eyach virus. Initially isolated in the 1980s, this virus was indirectly associated with human disease, but had never been extensively studied. Eyach virus prevalence varied between 0.07% and 5.26% in ticks from the French Ardennes and Alsace regions. Eyach virus was successfully isolated following intracerebral inoculation of immunocompromised mice with Eyach virus-positive tick extracts. This virus was also able to multiply and persist in the blood of immunocompetent mice inoculated by intraperitoneal injection, and caused brain infections in three of nine juveniles, without any obvious deleterious effects.

  6. Zika Virus: An Emerging Worldwide Threat

    OpenAIRE

    Irfan A. Rather; Jameel B. Lone; Vivek K. Bajpai; Woon K. Paek; Jeongheui Lim

    2017-01-01

    ZIKA virus (ZIKV) poses a severe threat to the world. Recent outbreaks of ZIKV after 2007 along with its quick transmission have made this virus a matter of international concern. The virus shows symptoms that are similar to those caused in the wake of dengue virus (DENV) and other flaviviruses, which makes it difficult to discern the viral infection. Diagnosis is further complicated as the virus cross-reacts with antibodies of other viruses. Currently, molecular diagnosis of the virus is bei...

  7. How hepatitis D virus can hinder the control of hepatitis B virus.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Xiridou

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Hepatitis D (or hepatitis delta virus is a defective virus that relies on hepatitis B virus (HBV for transmission; infection with hepatitis D can occur only as coinfection with HBV or superinfection of an existing HBV infection. Because of the bond between the two viruses, control measures for HBV may have also affected the spread of hepatitis D, as evidenced by the decline of hepatitis D in recent years. Since the presence of hepatitis D is associated with suppressed HBV replication and possibly infectivity, it is reasonable to speculate that hepatitis D may facilitate the control of HBV. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We introduced a mathematical model for the transmission of HBV and hepatitis D, where individuals with dual HBV and hepatitis D infection transmit both viruses. We calculated the reproduction numbers of single HBV infections and dual HBV and hepatitis D infections and examined the endemic prevalences of the two viruses. The results show that hepatitis D virus modulates not only the severity of the HBV epidemic, but also the impact of interventions for HBV. Surprisingly we find that the presence of hepatitis D virus may hamper the eradication of HBV. Interventions that aim to reduce the basic reproduction number of HBV below one may not be sufficient to eradicate the virus, as control of HBV depends also on the reproduction numbers of dual infections. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: For populations where hepatitis D is endemic, plans for control programs ignoring the presence of hepatitis D may underestimate the HBV epidemic and produce overoptimistic results. The current HBV surveillance should be augmented with monitoring of hepatitis D, in order to improve accuracy of the monitoring and the efficacy of control measures.

  8. Archaeal viruses of the sulfolobales

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Erdmann, Susanne; Garrett, Roger Antony

    2015-01-01

    in CRISPR loci of Sulfolobus species from a second coinfecting conjugative plasmid or virus (Erdmann and Garrett, Mol Microbiol 85:1044-1056, 2012; Erdmann et al. Mol Microbiol 91:900-917, 2014). Here we describe, firstly, the isolation of archaeal virus mixtures from terrestrial hot springs...... with an environmental virus mixture isolated from Yellowstone National Park (Erdmann and Garrett, Mol Microbiol 85:1044-1056, 2012). Experimental studies of isolated genetic elements from this mixture revealed that SMV1 (S ulfolobus Monocauda Virus 1), a tailed spindle-shaped virus, can induce spacer acquisition...... and the techniques used both to infect laboratory strains with these virus mixtures and to obtain purified virus particles. Secondly, we present the experimental conditions required for activating SMV1-induced spacer acquisition in two different Sulfolobus species....

  9. Seasonal and pandemic human influenza viruses attach better to human upper respiratory tract epithelium than avian influenza viruses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    van Riel, Debby; den Bakker, Michael A; Leijten, Lonneke M E; Chutinimitkul, Salin; Munster, Vincent J; de Wit, Emmie; Rimmelzwaan, Guus F; Fouchier, Ron A M; Osterhaus, Albert D M E; Kuiken, Thijs

    2010-04-01

    Influenza viruses vary markedly in their efficiency of human-to-human transmission. This variation has been speculated to be determined in part by the tropism of influenza virus for the human upper respiratory tract. To study this tropism, we determined the pattern of virus attachment by virus histochemistry of three human and three avian influenza viruses in human nasal septum, conchae, nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, and larynx. We found that the human influenza viruses-two seasonal influenza viruses and pandemic H1N1 virus-attached abundantly to ciliated epithelial cells and goblet cells throughout the upper respiratory tract. In contrast, the avian influenza viruses, including the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus, attached only rarely to epithelial cells or goblet cells. Both human and avian viruses attached occasionally to cells of the submucosal glands. The pattern of virus attachment was similar among the different sites of the human upper respiratory tract for each virus tested. We conclude that influenza viruses that are transmitted efficiently among humans attach abundantly to human upper respiratory tract, whereas inefficiently transmitted influenza viruses attach rarely. These results suggest that the ability of an influenza virus to attach to human upper respiratory tract is a critical factor for efficient transmission in the human population.

  10. Mutagenesis-mediated virus extinction: virus-dependent effect of viral load on sensitivity to lethal defection.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Héctor Moreno

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Lethal mutagenesis is a transition towards virus extinction mediated by enhanced mutation rates during viral genome replication, and it is currently under investigation as a potential new antiviral strategy. Viral load and virus fitness are known to influence virus extinction. Here we examine the effect or the multiplicity of infection (MOI on progeny production of several RNA viruses under enhanced mutagenesis. RESULTS: The effect of the mutagenic base analogue 5-fluorouracil (FU on the replication of the arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV can result either in inhibition of progeny production and virus extinction in infections carried out at low multiplicity of infection (MOI, or in a moderate titer decrease without extinction at high MOI. The effect of the MOI is similar for LCMV and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV, but minimal or absent for the picornaviruses foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV. The increase in mutation frequency and Shannon entropy (mutant spectrum complexity as a result of virus passage in the presence of FU was more accentuated at low MOI for LCMV and VSV, and at high MOI for FMDV and EMCV. We present an extension of the lethal defection model that agrees with the experimental results. CONCLUSIONS: (i Low infecting load favoured the extinction of negative strand viruses, LCMV or VSV, with an increase of mutant spectrum complexity. (ii This behaviour is not observed in RNA positive strand viruses, FMDV or EMCV. (iii The accumulation of defector genomes may underlie the MOI-dependent behaviour. (iv LCMV coinfections are allowed but superinfection is strongly restricted in BHK-21 cells. (v The dissimilar effects of the MOI on the efficiency of mutagenic-based extinction of different RNA viruses can have implications for the design of antiviral protocols based on lethal mutagenesis, presently under development.

  11. Coinfection of hepatitis E virus and other hepatitis virus in Colombia and its genotypic characterization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Peláez, Dioselina; Martínez-Vargas, Daniel; Escalante-Mora, Martha; Palacios-Vivero, Mariel; Contreras-Gómez, Lady

    2015-12-04

    Hepatitis E virus has emerged as a public health problem, particularly in developing countries. The four genotypes identified in mammals include the G3 found in indigenous hepatitis in countries and regions with high porcine population, and the G1, associated with maternal deaths.  To determine coinfection by hepatitis E virus and the circulating genotypes in Colombia in 1,097 samples using serological markers for hepatitis A, B and C.  Serum samples of 1,097 patients from different regions of Colombia stored at the Laboratorio de Virología of the Instituto Nacional de Salud were selected to detect IgG and IgM anti-hepatitis E virus antibodies. The viral genomes of positive samples were amplified by RT-PCR, and the products were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed by comparing ORF2 sequences deposited in the GenBank.  IgG anti-hepatitis E virus antibodies were found in 278 samples, IgM in 62, and both markers in 64. Hepatitis E virus and hepatitis A virus coinfection determined by IgG anti-hepatitis E virus was 33.6% and 16.1% by IgM; hepatitis E virus and hepatitis B virus coinfection was 23.4% and 8.1%, and hepatitis E virus and hepatitis C virus coinfection was 35.4% and 5.83%, respectively. Among the 52 positive samples by PCR nine were sequenced and grouped within genotype 3A of the American porcine strain.  The highest seropositivity was observed for hepatitis A and E. The incidence of hepatitis E virus coinfection with other hepatotropic viruses indicated that this pathogen is more frequent than expected. The circulation of genotype 3A implies that this disease may occur in outbreaks and as zoonosis in Colombia.

  12. Comparative Pathology of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus Infection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cullen, John M; Lemon, Stanley M

    2018-04-30

    Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) cause acute, self-limiting hepatic infections that are usually spread by the fecal-oral route in humans. Naturally occurring and experimental infections are possible in a variety of nonhuman primates and, in the case of HEV, a number of other species. Many advances in understanding the pathogenesis of these viruses have come from studies in experimental animals. In general, animals infected with these viruses recapitulate the histologic lesions seen in infected humans, but typically with less severe clinical and histopathological manifestations. This review describes the histopathologic changes associated with HAV and HEV infection in humans and experimental animals. Copyright © 2018 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved.

  13. PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MEMILIH MEDIA KOMUNIKASI MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zumrotul Hasanah

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available Berdasarkan hasil observasi di SMK Hidayah Semarang diketahui bahwa siswa di kelas XI AP 1 kurang aktif, malas, dan saling mengelompokan diri, di sisi lain guru lebih banyak mengajar dengan cara ceramah dan kurang memotivasi siswa. Akibatnya banyak siswa yang belum paham terhadap materi dan hasil belajarnya belum mencapai KKM. Kondisi tersebut perlu diperbaiki, salah satu alteratif yang dapat digunakan yaitu dengan penerapan model pembelajaran tipe Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan dua siklus. Hasil penelitian siklus I menunjukkan� rata-rata keaktifan siswa sebesar 64%, kinerja guru dalam menyampaikan materi sebesar 70%, dan nilai rata-rata siswa 72. Selanjutnya pada siklus II diperoleh hasil rata-rata keaktifan siswa sebesar 70%, kinerja guru dalam menyampaikan materi sebesar 70%, dan nilai rata-rata siswa yaitu 78. Abstract ___________________________________________________________________ Based on the observation in SMK Hidayah Semarang, it shows that XI grade students of AP 1 were less active, lazy, and making gangs, another side teacher use conventional method and lacking motivation for students. Consequently students do not understand the subject and� achievements which has not passed on KKM. These condition need to be repaired, one of the alternative is by applying Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD. This classroom action research was conducted in two cycles. Cycle I shows that average activity of student is 64%, performance of teacher in presenting the lesson is 70%, and student average value is 72. Cycle II show that average activity of student is 70%, performance of teacher in presenting the lesson is 70%, and student average value is 78.

  14. PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MEMILIH MEDIA KOMUNIKASI MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hasanah Zumrotun

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Berdasarkan hasil observasi di SMK Hidayah Semarang diketahui bahwa siswa di kelas XI AP 1 kurang aktif, malas, dan saling mengelompokan diri, di sisi lain guru lebih banyak mengajar dengan cara ceramah dan kurang memotivasi siswa. Akibatnya banyak siswa yang belum paham terhadap materi dan hasil belajarnya belum mencapai KKM. Kondisi tersebut perlu diperbaiki, salah satu alteratif yang dapat digunakan yaitu dengan penerapan model pembelajaran tipe Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan dua siklus. Hasil penelitian siklus I menunjukkan �rata-rata keaktifan siswa sebesar 64%, kinerja guru dalam menyampaikan materi sebesar 70%, dan nilai rata-rata siswa 72. Selanjutnya pada siklus II diperoleh hasil rata-rata keaktifan siswa sebesar 70%, kinerja guru dalam menyampaikan materi sebesar 70%, dan nilai rata-rata siswa yaitu 78. Based on the observation in SMK Hidayah Semarang, it shows that XI grade students of AP 1 were less active, lazy, and making gangs, another side teacher use conventional method and lacking motivation for students. Consequently students do not understand the subject and �achievements which has not passed on KKM. These condition need to be repaired, one of the alternative is by applying Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD. This classroom action research was conducted in two cycles. Cycle I shows that average activity of student is 64%, performance of teacher in presenting the lesson is 70%, and student average value is 72. Cycle II show that average activity of student is 70%, performance of teacher in presenting the lesson is 70%, and student average value is 78.

  15. Penerapan Pembelajaran Model Kooperatif Tipe Think-Pair-Share Dalam Materi Usaha Dan Energi Ditinjau Dari Gender Siswa Kelas Xi Ipa Sma Negeri 1 Sungai Ambawang

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ira Nofita Sari

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan pembelajaran model kooperatif tipe think-pair-share dalam materi usaha dan energi ditinjau dari gender siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Ambawang. Adapun variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil belajar siswa laki-laki dan hasil belajar siswa perempuan. Metode yang digunakan dalam peneltian ini adalah metode eksperimen dan bentuk penelitian eksperimen yang digunakan adalah Pre-Eksperimental Designs dengan rancangan penelitian The One-Shot Case Study.Sampel yang digunakan ialah kelas XI IPA 1 yang diambil secara purposive sampling.. Teknik pengumpul data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik pengukuran dengan alat pengumpul data berupa tes yang berbentuk essay. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan: (1 Rata-rata hasil belajar siswa laki-laki yang diajarkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think-pair-share dalam materi usaha dan energi siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Ambawang mencapai KKM (72 dengan nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari taraf signifikansi 5% (0,715 > 0,05. (2 Rata-rata hasil belajar siswa perempuan yang diajarkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think-pair-share dalam materi usaha dan energi siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Ambawang mencapai KKM (72 dengan nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari taraf signifikansi 5% (0,185 > 0,05. (3 Terdapat perbedaan antara rata-rata hasil belajar siswa laki-laki dengan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa perempuan yang diajarkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think-Pair-Share dalam materi usaha dan energi siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Ambawang dengan nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari taraf signifikansi 5% (0,101 > 0,05.

  16. [Zika virus infection during pregnancy].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Picone, O; Vauloup-Fellous, C; D'Ortenzio, E; Huissoud, C; Carles, G; Benachi, A; Faye, A; Luton, D; Paty, M-C; Ayoubi, J-M; Yazdanpanah, Y; Mandelbrot, L; Matheron, S

    2016-05-01

    A Zika virus epidemic is currently ongoing in the Americas. This virus is linked to congenital infections with potential severe neurodevelopmental dysfunction. However, incidence of fetal infection and whether this virus is responsible of other fetal complications are still unknown. National and international public health authorities recommend caution and several prevention measures. Declaration of Zika virus infection is now mandatory in France. Given the available knowledge on Zika virus, we suggest here a review of the current recommendations for management of pregnancy in case of suspicious or infection by Zika virus in a pregnant woman. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  17. Computer virus information update CIAC-2301

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Orvis, W.J.

    1994-01-15

    While CIAC periodically issues bulletins about specific computer viruses, these bulletins do not cover all the computer viruses that affect desktop computers. The purpose of this document is to identify most of the known viruses for the MS-DOS and Macintosh platforms and give an overview of the effects of each virus. The authors also include information on some windows, Atari, and Amiga viruses. This document is revised periodically as new virus information becomes available. This document replaces all earlier versions of the CIAC Computer virus Information Update. The date on the front cover indicates date on which the information in this document was extracted from CIAC`s Virus database.

  18. Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitus B virus co-infection ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitus B virus co-infection amog patients in Kano Nigeria. EE Nwokedi, MA Emokpae, AI Dutse. Abstract. No Abstract. Nigerian Journal of Medicine Vol. 15(3) July-September 2006: 227-229. Full Text: EMAIL FULL TEXT EMAIL FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD ...

  19. Vaccination with Recombinant Parainfluenza Virus 5 Expressing Neuraminidase Protects against Homologous and Heterologous Influenza Virus Challenge.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mooney, Alaina J; Gabbard, Jon D; Li, Zhuo; Dlugolenski, Daniel A; Johnson, Scott K; Tripp, Ralph A; He, Biao; Tompkins, S Mark

    2017-12-01

    Seasonal human influenza virus continues to cause morbidity and mortality annually, and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses along with other emerging influenza viruses continue to pose pandemic threats. Vaccination is considered the most effective measure for controlling influenza; however, current strategies rely on a precise vaccine match with currently circulating virus strains for efficacy, requiring constant surveillance and regular development of matched vaccines. Current vaccines focus on eliciting specific antibody responses against the hemagglutinin (HA) surface glycoprotein; however, the diversity of HAs across species and antigenic drift of circulating strains enable the evasion of virus-inhibiting antibody responses, resulting in vaccine failure. The neuraminidase (NA) surface glycoprotein, while diverse, has a conserved enzymatic site and presents an appealing target for priming broadly effective antibody responses. Here we show that vaccination with parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), a promising live viral vector expressing NA from avian (H5N1) or pandemic (H1N1) influenza virus, elicited NA-specific antibody and T cell responses, which conferred protection against homologous and heterologous influenza virus challenges. Vaccination with PIV5-N1 NA provided cross-protection against challenge with a heterosubtypic (H3N2) virus. Experiments using antibody transfer indicate that antibodies to NA have an important role in protection. These findings indicate that PIV5 expressing NA may be effective as a broadly protective vaccine against seasonal influenza and emerging pandemic threats. IMPORTANCE Seasonal influenza viruses cause considerable morbidity and mortality annually, while emerging viruses pose potential pandemic threats. Currently licensed influenza virus vaccines rely on the antigenic match of hemagglutinin (HA) for vaccine strain selection, and most vaccines rely on HA inhibition titers to determine efficacy, despite the growing

  20. Influenza A virus targets a cGAS-independent STING pathway that controls enveloped RNA viruses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Holm, Christian K; Rahbek, Stine H; Gad, Hans Henrik; Bak, Rasmus O; Jakobsen, Martin R; Jiang, Zhaozaho; Hansen, Anne Louise; Jensen, Simon K; Sun, Chenglong; Thomsen, Martin K; Laustsen, Anders; Nielsen, Camilla G; Severinsen, Kasper; Xiong, Yingluo; Burdette, Dara L; Hornung, Veit; Lebbink, Robert Jan; Duch, Mogens; Fitzgerald, Katherine A; Bahrami, Shervin; Mikkelsen, Jakob Giehm; Hartmann, Rune; Paludan, Søren R

    2016-02-19

    Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is known be involved in control of DNA viruses but has an unexplored role in control of RNA viruses. During infection with DNA viruses STING is activated downstream of cGAMP synthase (cGAS) to induce type I interferon. Here we identify a STING-dependent, cGAS-independent pathway important for full interferon production and antiviral control of enveloped RNA viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV). Further, IAV interacts with STING through its conserved hemagglutinin fusion peptide (FP). Interestingly, FP antagonizes interferon production induced by membrane fusion or IAV but not by cGAMP or DNA. Similar to the enveloped RNA viruses, membrane fusion stimulates interferon production in a STING-dependent but cGAS-independent manner. Abolishment of this pathway led to reduced interferon production and impaired control of enveloped RNA viruses. Thus, enveloped RNA viruses stimulate a cGAS-independent STING pathway, which is targeted by IAV.

  1. Enhanced light microscopy visualization of virus particles from Zika virus to filamentous ebolaviruses.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    George G Daaboul

    Full Text Available Light microscopy is a powerful tool in the detection and analysis of parasites, fungi, and prokaryotes, but has been challenging to use for the detection of individual virus particles. Unlabeled virus particles are too small to be visualized using standard visible light microscopy. Characterization of virus particles is typically performed using higher resolution approaches such as electron microscopy or atomic force microscopy. These approaches require purification of virions away from their normal millieu, requiring significant levels of expertise, and can only enumerate small numbers of particles per field of view. Here, we utilize a visible light imaging approach called Single Particle Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (SP-IRIS that allows automated counting and sizing of thousands of individual virions. Virions are captured directly from complex solutions onto a silicon chip and then detected using a reflectance interference imaging modality. We show that the use of different imaging wavelengths allows the visualization of a multitude of virus particles. Using Violet/UV illumination, the SP-IRIS technique is able to detect individual flavivirus particles (~40 nm, while green light illumination is capable of identifying and discriminating between vesicular stomatitis virus and vaccinia virus (~360 nm. Strikingly, the technology allows the clear identification of filamentous infectious ebolavirus particles and virus-like particles. The ability to differentiate and quantify unlabeled virus particles extends the usefulness of traditional light microscopy and can be embodied in a straightforward benchtop approach allowing widespread applications ranging from rapid detection in biological fluids to analysis of virus-like particles for vaccine development and production.

  2. Cowpea viruses: Effect of single and mixed infections on symptomatology and virus concentration

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nsa Imade Y

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Natural multiple viral infections of cultivated cowpeas have been reported in Nigeria. In this study, three Nigerian commercial cowpea cultivars ("Olo 11", "Oloyin" and "White" and two lines from the IITA (IT86D- 719 and TVU 76 were mechanically inoculated with Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV, Bean southern mosaic virus (SBMV and Cowpea mottle virus (CMeV singly, as well as in all possible combinations at 10, 20 and 30 days after planting (DAP. Samples of leaves or stems were collected at 10, 20 and 30 days after inoculation (DAI and analyzed for relative virus concentration by Enzyme-Linked Immunosrbent Assay. All the cultivars and lines {CVS/L} were susceptible to the viruses but the commercial CVS showed more severe symptoms and had relatively higher viral concentration. In single virus infections, CABMV which induced the most severe symptoms had absorbance values (at 405 nm of 0.11 to 0.46 while SBMV and CMeV which induced moderate symptoms had virus titre of 0.74 to 1.99 and 0.11 to 0.90 respectively. Plants inoculated 10 DAP had significantly higher virus concentration than those inoculated 30 DAP. In mixed infections involving CABMV (10 DAP apical necrosis and death were observed in commercial cultivars "Olo 11" and "White". Enhancement of CMeV titers were observed in plants infected with CMeV + CABMV. Multiple viral infections of cowpeas may result in complete yield loss, hence, the availability of seeds of cultivars with a high level of multiple virus resistance is recommended as a means of control.

  3. Genome Sequence of Bivens Arm Virus, a Tibrovirus Belonging to the Species Tibrogargan virus (Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lauck, Michael; Yú, Shu Qìng; Caì, Yíngyún; Hensley, Lisa E; Chiu, Charles Y; O'Connor, David H; Kuhn, Jens H

    2015-03-19

    The new rhabdoviral genus Tibrovirus currently has two members, Coastal Plains virus and Tibrogargan virus. Here, we report the coding-complete genome sequence of a putative member of this genus, Bivens Arm virus. A genomic comparison reveals Bivens Arm virus to be closely related to, but distinct from, Tibrogargan virus. Copyright © 2015 Lauck et al.

  4. Replication and clearance of respiratory syncytial virus - Apoptosis is an important pathway of virus clearance after experimental infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Viuff, B.; Tjørnehøj, Kirsten; Larsen, Lars Erik

    2002-01-01

    and clearance in a natural target animal. Replication of BRSV was demonstrated in the luminal part of the respiratory epithelial cells and replication in the upper respiratory tract preceded the replication in the lower respiratory tract. Virus excreted to the lumen of the respiratory tract was cleared...... and the infections with human respiratory syncytial. virus and BRSV have similar clinical, pathological, and epidemiological characteristics. In this study we used experimental BRSV infection in calves as a model of respiratory syncytial virus infection to demonstrate important aspects of viral replication......Human respiratory syncytial virus is an important cause of severe respiratory disease in young children, the elderly, and in immunocompromised adults. Similarly, bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is causing severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory disease in calves. Both viruses are pneumovirus...

  5. Temporal Analysis of Andes Virus and Sin Nombre Virus Infections of Syrian Hamsters

    Science.gov (United States)

    2007-05-01

    Microbiology . All Rights Reserved. Temporal Analysis of Andes Virus and Sin Nombre Virus Infections of Syrian Hamsters Victoria Wahl-Jensen,1 Jennifer...Ye, C., J. Prescott , R. Nofchissey, D. Goade, and B. Hjelle. 2004. Neutralizing antibodies and Sin Nombre virus RNA after recovery from hantavirus

  6. Monitoring virus entry into living cells using DiD-labeled dengue virus particles

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Ayala Nunez, Vanesa; Wilschut, Jan; Smit, Jolanda M.

    2011-01-01

    A variety of approaches can be applied to investigate the multiple steps and interactions that occur during virus entry into the host cell. Single-virus tracking is a powerful real-time imaging technique that offers the possibility to monitor virus-cell binding, internalization, intracellular

  7. Neutralizing antibodies against flaviviruses, Babanki virus, and Rift Valley fever virus in Ugandan bats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kading, Rebekah C; Kityo, Robert M; Mossel, Eric C; Borland, Erin M; Nakayiki, Teddie; Nalikka, Betty; Nyakarahuka, Luke; Ledermann, Jeremy P; Panella, Nicholas A; Gilbert, Amy T; Crabtree, Mary B; Peterhans, Julian Kerbis; Towner, Jonathan S; Amman, Brian R; Sealy, Tara K; Nichol, Stuart T; Powers, Ann M; Lutwama, Julius J; Miller, Barry R

    2018-01-01

    Introduction: A number of arboviruses have previously been isolated from naturally-infected East African bats, however the role of bats in arbovirus maintenance is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the exposure history of Ugandan bats to a panel of arboviruses. Materials and methods: Insectivorous and fruit bats were captured from multiple locations throughout Uganda during 2009 and 2011-2013. All serum samples were tested for neutralizing antibodies against West Nile virus (WNV), yellow fever virus (YFV), dengue 2 virus (DENV-2), Zika virus (ZIKV), Babanki virus (BBKV), and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Sera from up to 626 bats were screened for antibodies against each virus. Results and Discussion:  Key findings include the presence of neutralizing antibodies against RVFV in 5/52 (9.6%) of little epauletted fruit bats ( Epomophorus labiatus ) captured from Kawuku and 3/54 (5.6%) Egyptian rousette bats from Kasokero cave. Antibodies reactive to flaviviruses were widespread across bat taxa and sampling locations. Conclusion: The data presented demonstrate the widespread exposure of bats in Uganda to arboviruses, and highlight particular virus-bat associations that warrant further investigation.

  8. Seasonal Dynamics of Haptophytes and dsDNA Algal Viruses Suggest Complex Virus-Host Relationship.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Johannessen, Torill Vik; Larsen, Aud; Bratbak, Gunnar; Pagarete, António; Edvardsen, Bente; Egge, Elianne D; Sandaa, Ruth-Anne

    2017-04-20

    Viruses influence the ecology and diversity of phytoplankton in the ocean. Most studies of phytoplankton host-virus interactions have focused on bloom-forming species like Emiliania huxleyi or Phaeocystis spp. The role of viruses infecting phytoplankton that do not form conspicuous blooms have received less attention. Here we explore the dynamics of phytoplankton and algal viruses over several sequential seasons, with a focus on the ubiquitous and diverse phytoplankton division Haptophyta, and their double-stranded DNA viruses, potentially with the capacity to infect the haptophytes. Viral and phytoplankton abundance and diversity showed recurrent seasonal changes, mainly explained by hydrographic conditions. By 454 tag-sequencing we revealed 93 unique haptophyte operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with seasonal changes in abundance. Sixty-one unique viral OTUs, representing Megaviridae and Phycodnaviridae , showed only distant relationship with currently isolated algal viruses. Haptophyte and virus community composition and diversity varied substantially throughout the year, but in an uncoordinated manner. A minority of the viral OTUs were highly abundant at specific time-points, indicating a boom-bust relationship with their host. Most of the viral OTUs were very persistent, which may represent viruses that coexist with their hosts, or able to exploit several host species.

  9. Reference gene selection for quantitative real-time PCR analysis in virus infected cells: SARS corona virus, Yellow fever virus, Human Herpesvirus-6, Camelpox virus and Cytomegalovirus infections

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Müller Marcel A

    2005-02-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Ten potential reference genes were compared for their use in experiments investigating cellular mRNA expression of virus infected cells. Human cell lines were infected with Cytomegalovirus, Human Herpesvirus-6, Camelpox virus, SARS coronavirus or Yellow fever virus. The expression levels of these genes and the viral replication were determined by real-time PCR. Genes were ranked by the BestKeeper tool, the GeNorm tool and by criteria we reported previously. Ranking lists of the genes tested were tool dependent. However, over all, β-actin is an unsuitable as reference gene, whereas TATA-Box binding protein and peptidyl-prolyl-isomerase A are stable reference genes for expression studies in virus infected cells.

  10. Filovirus pathogenesis and immune evasion: insights from Ebola virus and Marburg virus

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Messaoudi, Ilhem; Amarasinghe, Gaya K.; Basler, Christopher F.

    2015-10-06

    Ebola viruses and Marburg viruses, members of the filovirus family, are zoonotic pathogens that cause severe disease in people, as highlighted by the latest Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa. Filovirus disease is characterized by uncontrolled virus replication and the activation of host responses that contribute to pathogenesis. Underlying these phenomena is the potent suppression of host innate antiviral responses, particularly the type I interferon response, by viral proteins, which allows high levels of viral replication. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms used by filoviruses to block host innate immunity and discuss the links between immune evasion and filovirus pathogenesis.

  11. PREFACE The physics of virus assembly The physics of virus assembly

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stockley, Peter G.; Twarock, Reidun

    2010-12-01

    Viruses are pathogens in every kingdom of life and are major causes of human disease and suffering. They are known to encompass a size range that overlaps with that of the smallest bacterial cells, and the largest viruses now seem to be hosts of their own viral pathogens. Recent genomic sequencing efforts show that many organisms have genes that are likely to be descended in evolution from viral progenitors. Even more astonishingly, analysis of the world's oceans has shown that some of the simplest viruses, the tailed dsDNA phages, are the most common biological entities on the planet, with estimates of their numbers ranging up to 1031, with ~ 1021 infection events every second, leading to a turnover of around 20% of the biomass in the sea every few days. These cycles of infection and lysis of oceanic bacteria and algae provide the nutrients for the smallest organisms lying at the bottom of the food chain. Without viruses, therefore, life on Earth would probably not be sustainable. These are remarkable facts for systems that are non-living in the strict sense, and are composed of simple materials—nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. Many viruses consist of little more than a protective protein coat surrounding their genomic nucleic acids, which can be either DNA or RNA. Their simplicity leads to highly symmetrical structures with protein containers based on helical or icosahedral lattices. Many simple viruses self-assemble rapidly and with great fidelity, and many groups are busy trying to exploit these properties to make virus-like particles for a wide range of applications, including targeted drug-delivery, medical imaging and even novel materials. This issue of Physical Biology contains a series of papers describing some of the latest experimental and theoretical research on viruses, their structures and assembly, as well as their regulated disassembly during infection. These range from a dissection of the in vivo assembly mechanism of a filamentous virus

  12. Coping with Computer Viruses: General Discussion and Review of Symantec Anti-Virus for the Macintosh.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Primich, Tracy

    1992-01-01

    Discusses computer viruses that attack the Macintosh and describes Symantec AntiVirus for Macintosh (SAM), a commercial program designed to detect and eliminate viruses; sample screen displays are included. SAM is recommended for use in library settings as well as two public domain virus protection programs. (four references) (MES)

  13. Presence and Distribution of Oilseed Pumpkin Viruses and Molecular Detection of Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Vučurović

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Over the past decade, intensive spread of virus infections of oilseed pumpkin has resulted in significant economic losses in pumpkin crop production, which is currently expanding in our country. In 2007 and 2008, a survey for the presence and distribution of oilseed pumpkin viruses was carried out in order to identify viruses responsible for epidemics and incidences of very destructive symptoms on cucurbit leaves and fruits. Monitoring andcollecting samples of oil pumpkin, as well as other species such as winter and butternut squash and buffalo and bottle gourd with viral infection symptoms, was conducted in several localities of Vojvodina Province. The collected plant samples were tested by DAS-ELISA using polyclonal antisera specific for the detection of six most economically harmful pumpkin viruses: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV, Watermelon mosaic virus (WMW, Squash mosaic virus (SqMV, Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV and Tobaccoringspot virus (TRSV that are included in A1 quarantine list of harmful organisms in Serbia.Identification of viruses in the collected samples indicated the presence of three viruses, ZYMV, WMV and CMV, in individual and mixed infections. Frequency of the identified viruses varied depending on locality and year of investigations. In 2007, WMV was the most frequent virus (94.2%, while ZYMV was prevalent (98.04% in 2008. High frequency of ZYMV determined in both years of investigation indicated the need for its rapid and reliable molecular detection. During this investigation, a protocol for ZYMVdetection was developed and optimized using specific primers CPfwd/Cprev and commercial kits for total RNA extraction, as well as for RT-PCR. In RT-PCR reaction using these primers, a DNA fragment of approximately 1100 bp, which included coat protein gene, was amplified in the samples of infected pumkin leaves. Although serological methods are still useful for large-scale testing of a great number of

  14. Archaeal virus-host interactions

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Quax, T.E.F.

    2013-01-01

    The work presented in this thesis provides novel insights in several aspects of the molecular

    biology of archaea, bacteria and their viruses.

    Three fundamentally different groups of viruses are associated with the three domains of life.

    Archaeal viruses are

  15. Prevalence of hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus and hepatitis E virus as causes of acute viral hepatitis in North India: a hospital based study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jain, P; Prakash, S; Gupta, S; Singh, K P; Shrivastava, S; Singh, D D; Singh, J; Jain, A

    2013-01-01

    Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) is a major public health problem and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) as causes of AVH in a tertiary care hospital of North India. Blood samples and clinical information was collected from cases of AVH referred to the Grade I viral diagnostic laboratory over a 1-year period. Samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV total antibodies, anti-HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and anti-HEV IgM by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PCR for nucleic acid detection of HBV and HCV was also carried out. Those positive for HBV infection were tested for anti-HDV antibodies. Fisher's exact test was used and a P hepatitis cases, 62 (23.22%) patients presented as acute hepatic failure. HAV (26.96%) was identified as the most common cause of acute hepatitis followed by HEV (17.97%), HBV (16.10%) and HCV (11.98%). Co-infections with more than one virus were present in 34 cases; HAV-HEV co-infection being the most common. HEV was the most important cause of acute hepatic failure followed by co-infection with HAV and HEV. An indication towards epidemiological shift of HAV infection from children to adults with a rise in HAV prevalence was seen. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report indicating epidemiological shift of HAV in Uttar Pradesh.

  16. Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus and mouse mammary tumour virus as multiple viruses in breast cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Glenn, Wendy K; Heng, Benjamin; Delprado, Warick; Iacopetta, Barry; Whitaker, Noel J; Lawson, James S

    2012-01-01

    The purpose of this investigation is to determine if Epstein Barr virus (EBV), high risk human papillomavirus (HPV), and mouse mammary tumour viruses (MMTV) co-exist in some breast cancers. All the specimens were from women residing in Australia. For investigations based on standard PCR, we used fresh frozen DNA extracts from 50 unselected invasive breast cancers. For normal breast specimens, we used DNA extracts from epithelial cells from milk donated by 40 lactating women. For investigations based on in situ PCR we used 27 unselected archival formalin fixed breast cancer specimens and 18 unselected archival formalin fixed normal breast specimens from women who had breast reduction surgery. Thirteen of these fixed breast cancer specimens were ductal carcinoma in situ (dcis) and 14 were predominantly invasive ductal carcinomas (idc). EBV sequences were identified in 68%, high risk HPV sequences in 50%, and MMTV sequences in 78% of DNA extracted from 50 invasive breast cancer specimens. These same viruses were identified in selected normal and breast cancer specimens by in situ PCR. Sequences from more than one viral type were identified in 72% of the same breast cancer specimens. Normal controls showed these viruses were also present in epithelial cells in human milk - EBV (35%), HPV, 20%) and MMTV (32%) of 40 milk samples from normal lactating women, with multiple viruses being identified in 13% of the same milk samples. We conclude that (i) EBV, HPV and MMTV gene sequences are present and co-exist in many human breast cancers, (ii) the presence of these viruses in breast cancer is associated with young age of diagnosis and possibly an increased grade of breast cancer.

  17. Inhibition of Interferon Induction and Action by the Nairovirus Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus/Ganjam Virus

    OpenAIRE

    Holzer, Barbara; Bakshi, Siddharth; Bridgen, Anne; Baron, Michael D.

    2011-01-01

    The Nairoviruses are an important group of tick-borne viruses that includes pathogens of man (Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus) and livestock animals (Dugbe virus, Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV)). NSDV is found in large parts of East Africa and the Indian subcontinent (where it is known as Ganjam virus). We have investigated the ability of NSDV to antagonise the induction and actions of interferon. Both pathogenic and apathogenic isolates could actively inhibit the induction of type ...

  18. Characterization of Ebola Virus Entry by Using Pseudotyped Viruses: Identification of Receptor-Deficient Cell Lines

    OpenAIRE

    Wool-Lewis, Rouven J.; Bates, Paul

    1998-01-01

    Studies analyzing Ebola virus replication have been severely hampered by the extreme pathogenicity of this virus. To permit analysis of the host range and function of the Ebola virus glycoprotein (Ebo-GP), we have developed a system for pseudotyping these glycoproteins into murine leukemia virus (MLV). This pseudotyped virus, MLV(Ebola), can be readily concentrated to titers which exceed 5 × 106 infectious units/ml and is effectively neutralized by antibodies specific for Ebo-GP. Analysis of ...

  19. Das Epstein-Barr-Virus ( = Epstein-Barr virus)

    OpenAIRE

    Niller, H. H.; Wolf, Hans J.

    1993-01-01

    Epstein-Barr virus is an ubiquitous humanpathogenic herpesvirus. It has been identified as the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis. In addition it is associated with the cancers nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Burkitt's lymphoma. Like other herpesviruses it infects cells in a lytic way or it persists in a latent state. Classically, the serologic diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infections is done by the agglutination of sheep erythrocytes according to Paul and Bunnell as a rapid testing m...

  20. [Viruses and civilization].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chastel, C

    1999-01-01

    A few million years ago, when primates moved from the east African forest to the savannah, they were already infected with endogenous viruses and occultly transmitted them to the prime Homo species. However it was much later with the building of the first large cities in Mesopotamia that interhuman viral transmission began in earnest. Spreading was further enhanced with the organization of the Egyptian, Greek, Roman, and Arab empires around the Mediterranean. Discovery of the New World in 1492 led to an unprecedented clash of civilizations and the destruction of pre-Columbian Indian civilizations. It also led to a rapid spread of viruses across the Atlantic Ocean with the emergence of yellow fever and appearance of smallpox and measles throughout the world. However the greatest opportunities for worldwide viral development have been created by our present, modern civilization. This fact is illustrated by epidemic outbreaks of human immunodeficiency virus, Venezuela hemorrhagic fever, Rift valley fever virus, and monkey pox virus. Close analysis underscores the major role of human intervention in producing these events.

  1. Comparative analysis of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and new RHDV2 virus antigenicity, using specific virus-like particles

    OpenAIRE

    Bárcena, Juan; Guerra, Beatriz; Angulo, Iván; González, Julia; Valcárcel, Félix; Mata, Carlos P.; Castón, José R.; Blanco, Esther; Alejo, Alí

    2015-01-01

    International audience; In 2010 a new Lagovirus related to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) emerged in France and has since rapidly spread throughout domestic and wild rabbit populations of several European countries. The new virus, termed RHDV2, exhibits distinctive genetic, antigenic and pathogenic features. Notably, RHDV2 kills rabbits previously vaccinated with RHDV vaccines. Here we report for the first time the generation and characterization of RHDV2-specific virus-like particl...

  2. Ação da Betametasona em Ratas Prenhes: Impacto sobre os Níveis de Corticosterona e Glândulas Adrenais Maternas e Fetais Effect of Betamethasone on Pregnant Rats: Impact on Corticosterone Level and Maternal and Fetal Adrenal Glands

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo de Souza

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: a utilização repetitiva do corticóide antenatal objetivando acelerar a maturidade pulmonar fetal tem sido muito empregada no risco de parto prematuro, o que nos motivou a estudar a dosagem de corticosterona no termo e aspectos morfológicos das glândulas adrenais maternas e fetais de ratas albinas submetidas à ação da betametasona na segunda metade da prenhez, para verificar conseqüências dessa terapêutica. Métodos: utilizamos 30 ratas prenhes, distribuídas em 3 grupos numericamente iguais. As do Grupo I receberam betametasona nos dias 11, 12, 18 e 19 da prenhez. As do Grupo II receberam água destilada nesses dias (grupo controle, e as do Grupo III não receberam qualquer medicamento, constituindo grupo controle de estresse. Foram todas sacrificadas no 20º dia de prenhez, quando dosamos a corticosterona no sangue das matrizes e extirpamos as glândulas adrenais maternas e fetais para exame de microscopia óptica. Resultados: a dosagem de corticosterona plasmática foi significantemente menor no grupo tratado com betametasona (4,8 mg/dL, quando comparada aos grupos controles (17,7 e 26,8 mg/dL. À microscopia óptica observou-se intensa vacuolização citoplasmática na zona fasciculada das adrenais maternas e fetais no grupo que utilizou a betametasona, indicando intensa supressão adrenal secundária ao uso do medicamento. Conclusões: o uso repetitivo e prolongado de corticóides, em ratas prenhes, para acelerar a maturidade pulmonar fetal determina supressão adrenal materna e fetal.Purpose: the repetitive use of antenatal corticosteroid therapy for acceleration of fetal lung maturation has been common in cases at risk of preterm delivery. We studied the corticosterone levels at term and the morphologic aspects in the maternal and fetal adrenal glands submitted to the effect of betamethasone in the second half of rat pregnancy in order to verify its consequences. Methods: thirty female pregnant rats were divided into

  3. RECOVIR Software for Identifying Viruses

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chakravarty, Sugoto; Fox, George E.; Zhu, Dianhui

    2013-01-01

    Most single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses mutate rapidly to generate a large number of strains with highly divergent capsid sequences. Determining the capsid residues or nucleotides that uniquely characterize these strains is critical in understanding the strain diversity of these viruses. RECOVIR (an acronym for "recognize viruses") software predicts the strains of some ssRNA viruses from their limited sequence data. Novel phylogenetic-tree-based databases of protein or nucleic acid residues that uniquely characterize these virus strains are created. Strains of input virus sequences (partial or complete) are predicted through residue-wise comparisons with the databases. RECOVIR uses unique characterizing residues to identify automatically strains of partial or complete capsid sequences of picorna and caliciviruses, two of the most highly diverse ssRNA virus families. Partition-wise comparisons of the database residues with the corresponding residues of more than 300 complete and partial sequences of these viruses resulted in correct strain identification for all of these sequences. This study shows the feasibility of creating databases of hitherto unknown residues uniquely characterizing the capsid sequences of two of the most highly divergent ssRNA virus families. These databases enable automated strain identification from partial or complete capsid sequences of these human and animal pathogens.

  4. Hepatitis virus panel

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003558.htm Hepatitis virus panel To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript. The hepatitis virus panel is a series of blood tests used ...

  5. Polyomavirus specific cellular immunity: from BK-virus-specific cellular immunity to BK-virus-associated nephropathy ?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    manon edekeyser

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available In renal transplantation, BK-virus-associated nephropathy has emerged as a major complication, with a prevalence of 5–10% and graft loss in >50% of cases. BK-virus is a member of the Polyomavirus family and rarely induces apparent clinical disease in the general population. However, replication of polyomaviruses, associated with significant organ disease, is observed in patients with acquired immunosuppression, which suggests a critical role for virus-specific cellular immunity to control virus replication and prevent chronic disease. Monitoring of specific immunity combined with viral load could be used to individually assess the risk of viral reactivation and virus control. We review the current knowledge on BK-virus specific cellular immunity and, more specifically, in immunocompromised patients. In the future, immune-based therapies could allow us to treat and prevent BK-virus-associated nephropathy.

  6. Outbreaks of influenza A virus in farmed mink (Neovison vison) in Denmark: molecular characterization of the viruses

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Larsen, Lars Erik; Breum, Solvej Østergaard; Trebbien, Ramona

    2012-01-01

    that the virus was a human/swine reassortant, with the H and N gene most related to human H3N2 viruses circulating in 2005. The remaining 6 genes were most closely related to H1N2 influenza viruses circulating in Danish swine. This virus had not previously been described in swine, mink or humans. PCRs assays...... specifically targeting the new reassortant were developed and used to screen influenza positive samples from humans and swine in Denmark with negative results. Thus, there was no evidence that this virus had spread to humans or was circulating in Danish pigs. In 2010 and 2011, influenza virus was again...... diagnosed in diseased mink in a few farms. The genetic typing showed that the virus was similar to the pandemic H1N1 virus circulating in humans and swine. The H3N2 virus was not detected in 2010 and 2011. Taken together, these findings indicate that mink is highly susceptible for influenza A virus of human...

  7. Diversity of viruses in Ixodes ricinus, and characterization of a neurotropic strain of Eyach virus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. Moutailler

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Ticks transmit more pathogens—including bacteria, parasites and viruses—than any other arthropod vector. Although the epidemiological status of many tick-borne bacteria is very well characterized, tick-borne viruses are still relatively under-studied. Recently, several novel tick-borne viruses have been isolated from human febrile illnesses following tick bites, indicating the existence of other potential new and unknown tick-borne viruses. We used high-throughput sequencing to analyse the virome of Ixodes ricinus, the main vector of tick-borne pathogens in Europe. The majority of collected viral sequences were assigned to two potentially novel Nairovirus and Phlebovirus viruses, with prevalence rates ranging from 3.95% to 23.88% in adults and estimated to be between 0.14% and 72.16% in nymphs. These viruses could not be isolated from the brains of inoculated immunocompromised mice, perhaps indicating that they are unable to infect vertebrates. Within the I. ricinus virome, we also identified contigs with >90% identity to the known Eyach virus. Initially isolated in the 1980s, this virus was indirectly associated with human disease, but had never been extensively studied. Eyach virus prevalence varied between 0.07% and 5.26% in ticks from the French Ardennes and Alsace regions. Eyach virus was successfully isolated following intracerebral inoculation of immunocompromised mice with Eyach virus-positive tick extracts. This virus was also able to multiply and persist in the blood of immunocompetent mice inoculated by intraperitoneal injection, and caused brain infections in three of nine juveniles, without any obvious deleterious effects.

  8. Analysis of proteins of mouse sarcoma pseudotype viruses: type-specific radioimmunoassays for ecotropic virus p30's

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kennel, S.J.; Tennant, R.W.

    1979-01-01

    Murine sarcoma virus pseudotypes were prepared by infection of nonproducer cells (A1-2), which were transformed by the Gazdar strain of mouse sarcoma virus, with Gross (N-tropic), WN1802B (B-tropic), or Moloney (NB-tropic) viruses. The respective host range pseudotype sarcoma viruses were defined by the tritration characteristics on cells with the appropriate Fv-1 genotype. Proteins from virus progeny were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Bands present in both the 65,000- and the 10,000- to 20,000-molecular-weight regions of the gel distinguished the pseudotype viruses from their respective helpers. Furthermore, two protein bands were noted in the p30 region of murine sarcoma virus (Gross), one corresponding to Gross virus p30, and another of slightly slower mobility. However, since the mobility of the putative sarcoma p30 is nearly indentical to that of WN1802B, its presence could not be established by sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Type-specific radioimmunossays for Gross virus p30 and for WN1802B p30 were applied for analysis of pseudotype preparations, and among several ecotropic viruses tested, only the homologous virus scored in the respective assay. By use of these assays, pseudotype viruses were found to contain only 8 to 48% helper-specific p30's; the remainder is presumably derived from the sarcoma virus

  9. Characteristic of pandemic virus

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    First page Back Continue Last page Graphics. Characteristic of pandemic virus. The virus was highly transmissible. Risk of hospitalization was 2X and risk of death was about 11X more in comparison to seasonal influenza. Virus continues to be susceptible to Osaltamivir, the only drug available. Vaccines are available but ...

  10. Avian influenza viruses in humans.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Malik Peiris, J S

    2009-04-01

    Past pandemics arose from low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses. In more recent times, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1, LPAI H9N2 and both HPAI and LPAI H7 viruses have repeatedly caused zoonotic disease in humans. Such infections did not lead to sustained human-to-human transmission. Experimental infection of human volunteers and seroepidemiological studies suggest that avian influenza viruses of other subtypes may also infect humans. Viruses of the H7 subtype appear to have a predilection to cause conjunctivitis and influenza-like illness (ILI), although HPAI H7N7 virus has also caused fatal respiratory disease. Low pathogenic H9N2 viruses have caused mild ILI and its occurrence may be under-recognised for this reason. In contrast, contemporary HPAI H5N1 viruses are exceptional in their virulence for humans and differ from human seasonal influenza viruses in their pathogenesis. Patients have a primary viral pneumonia progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Over 380 human cases have been confirmed to date, with an overall case fatality of 63%. The zoonotic transmission of avian influenza is a rare occurrence, butthe greater public health concern is the adaptation of such viruses to efficient human transmission, which could lead to a pandemic. A better understanding of the ecology of avian influenza viruses and the biological determinants of transmissibility and pathogenicity in humans is important for pandemic preparedness.

  11. Zika virus infection: a public health emergency!

    OpenAIRE

    Qureshi, Muhammad Salman Haider; Qureshi, Bakhtawar Wajeeha; Khan, Ramsha

    2017-01-01

    Zika virus belongs to the family of Flaviviridae. The Flaviviridae family also includes other human pathogens like West Nile virus (WNV), Yellow fever virus (YFV), mosquito transmitted Dengue virus (DENV), Tick borne encephalitic virus (TBEV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Zika virus is a mosquito-borne disease and is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito.

  12. Human Parainfluenza Viruses

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Search Form Controls Cancel Submit Search The CDC Human Parainfluenza Viruses (HPIVs) Note: Javascript is disabled or ... CDC.gov . Recommend on Facebook Tweet Share Compartir Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) commonly cause respiratory illnesses in ...

  13. Respiratory Syncytial Virus

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... with facebook share with twitter share with linkedin Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Credit: CDC This is the ... the United States. Why Is the Study of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) a Priority for NIAID? In ...

  14. Antiviral Activity of Sukomycin Against Potato Virus Y And Tomato Mosaic Virus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nikolay Petrov

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Potato virus Y (PVY and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV are one of the most important plant viruses that strongly influence the quality and quantity of vegetable production and cause substantial losses to farmers. The most convetional and common method of pest and disease control is trough the use of pesticides. Unfortunately, most of them are synthetic compounds without antiviral activities and possess inherent toxicities that endanger the health of the farm operators, consumers and the environment. In order to carry out a control of viral infections in plants and to reduce the loss of production it is necessary the search for alternative and environmentally friendly methods for control. Sukomycin is a complex of substances with antimicrobial and antiviral activities produced from Streptomyces hygroscopicus isolated from soil. This natural complex reduces significantly symptoms and DAS-ELISA values of Potato virus Y and Tomato mosaic virus in tobacco plants.

  15. Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Transmission ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in hemodialysis (HD) patients are associated with adverse outcomes, especially after kidney transplantation. Review: In the HD setting, cross-contamination to patients via environmental surfaces, supplies, equipment, multiple-dose medication vials ...

  16. A fusion-inhibiting peptide against Rift Valley fever virus inhibits multiple, diverse viruses.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jeffrey W Koehler

    Full Text Available For enveloped viruses, fusion of the viral envelope with a cellular membrane is critical for a productive infection to occur. This fusion process is mediated by at least three classes of fusion proteins (Class I, II, and III based on the protein sequence and structure. For Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV, the glycoprotein Gc (Class II fusion protein mediates this fusion event following entry into the endocytic pathway, allowing the viral genome access to the cell cytoplasm. Here, we show that peptides analogous to the RVFV Gc stem region inhibited RVFV infectivity in cell culture by inhibiting the fusion process. Further, we show that infectivity can be inhibited for diverse, unrelated RNA viruses that have Class I (Ebola virus, Class II (Andes virus, or Class III (vesicular stomatitis virus fusion proteins using this single peptide. Our findings are consistent with an inhibition mechanism similar to that proposed for stem peptide fusion inhibitors of dengue virus in which the RVFV inhibitory peptide first binds to both the virion and cell membranes, allowing it to traffic with the virus into the endocytic pathway. Upon acidification and rearrangement of Gc, the peptide is then able to specifically bind to Gc and prevent fusion of the viral and endocytic membranes, thus inhibiting viral infection. These results could provide novel insights into conserved features among the three classes of viral fusion proteins and offer direction for the future development of broadly active fusion inhibitors.

  17. Inactivated Recombinant Rabies Viruses Displaying Canine Distemper Virus Glycoproteins Induce Protective Immunity against Both Pathogens.

    Science.gov (United States)

    da Fontoura Budaszewski, Renata; Hudacek, Andrew; Sawatsky, Bevan; Krämer, Beate; Yin, Xiangping; Schnell, Matthias J; von Messling, Veronika

    2017-04-15

    The development of multivalent vaccines is an attractive methodology for the simultaneous prevention of several infectious diseases in vulnerable populations. Both canine distemper virus (CDV) and rabies virus (RABV) cause lethal disease in wild and domestic carnivores. While RABV vaccines are inactivated, the live-attenuated CDV vaccines retain residual virulence for highly susceptible wildlife species. In this study, we developed recombinant bivalent vaccine candidates based on recombinant vaccine strain rabies virus particles, which concurrently display the protective CDV and RABV glycoprotein antigens. The recombinant viruses replicated to near-wild-type titers, and the heterologous glycoproteins were efficiently expressed and incorporated in the viral particles. Immunization of ferrets with beta-propiolactone-inactivated recombinant virus particles elicited protective RABV antibody titers, and animals immunized with a combination of CDV attachment protein- and fusion protein-expressing recombinant viruses were protected from lethal CDV challenge. However, animals that were immunized with only a RABV expressing the attachment protein of CDV vaccine strain Onderstepoort succumbed to infection with a more recent wild-type strain, indicating that immune responses to the more conserved fusion protein contribute to protection against heterologous CDV strains. IMPORTANCE Rabies virus and canine distemper virus (CDV) cause high mortality rates and death in many carnivores. While rabies vaccines are inactivated and thus have an excellent safety profile and high stability, live-attenuated CDV vaccines can retain residual virulence in highly susceptible species. Here we generated recombinant inactivated rabies viruses that carry one of the CDV glycoproteins on their surface. Ferrets immunized twice with a mix of recombinant rabies viruses carrying the CDV fusion and attachment glycoproteins were protected from lethal CDV challenge, whereas all animals that received

  18. Archaeal Viruses from High-Temperature Environments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Munson-McGee, Jacob H; Snyder, Jamie C; Young, Mark J

    2018-02-27

    Archaeal viruses are some of the most enigmatic viruses known, due to the small number that have been characterized to date. The number of known archaeal viruses lags behind known bacteriophages by over an order of magnitude. Despite this, the high levels of genetic and morphological diversity that archaeal viruses display has attracted researchers for over 45 years. Extreme natural environments, such as acidic hot springs, are almost exclusively populated by Archaea and their viruses, making these attractive environments for the discovery and characterization of new viruses. The archaeal viruses from these environments have provided insights into archaeal biology, gene function, and viral evolution. This review focuses on advances from over four decades of archaeal virology, with a particular focus on archaeal viruses from high temperature environments, the existing challenges in understanding archaeal virus gene function, and approaches being taken to overcome these limitations.

  19. Archaeal Viruses from High-Temperature Environments

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jacob H. Munson-McGee

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available Archaeal viruses are some of the most enigmatic viruses known, due to the small number that have been characterized to date. The number of known archaeal viruses lags behind known bacteriophages by over an order of magnitude. Despite this, the high levels of genetic and morphological diversity that archaeal viruses display has attracted researchers for over 45 years. Extreme natural environments, such as acidic hot springs, are almost exclusively populated by Archaea and their viruses, making these attractive environments for the discovery and characterization of new viruses. The archaeal viruses from these environments have provided insights into archaeal biology, gene function, and viral evolution. This review focuses on advances from over four decades of archaeal virology, with a particular focus on archaeal viruses from high temperature environments, the existing challenges in understanding archaeal virus gene function, and approaches being taken to overcome these limitations.

  20. A Foxtail mosaic virus Vector for Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Maize1[OPEN

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mei, Yu; Kernodle, Bliss M.; Hill, John H.

    2016-01-01

    Plant viruses have been widely used as vectors for foreign gene expression and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). A limited number of viruses have been developed into viral vectors for the purposes of gene expression or VIGS in monocotyledonous plants, and among these, the tripartite viruses Brome mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus have been shown to induce VIGS in maize (Zea mays). We describe here a new DNA-based VIGS system derived from Foxtail mosaic virus (FoMV), a monopartite virus that is able to establish systemic infection and silencing of endogenous maize genes homologous to gene fragments inserted into the FoMV genome. To demonstrate VIGS applications of this FoMV vector system, four genes, phytoene desaturase (functions in carotenoid biosynthesis), lesion mimic22 (encodes a key enzyme of the porphyrin pathway), iojap (functions in plastid development), and brown midrib3 (caffeic acid O-methyltransferase), were silenced and characterized in the sweet corn line Golden × Bantam. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the FoMV infectious clone establishes systemic infection in maize inbred lines, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis), indicating the potential wide applications of this viral vector system for functional genomics studies in maize and other monocots. PMID:27208311

  1. Avian influenza virus transmission to mammals.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Herfst, S; Imai, M; Kawaoka, Y; Fouchier, R A M

    2014-01-01

    Influenza A viruses cause yearly epidemics and occasional pandemics. In addition, zoonotic influenza A viruses sporadically infect humans and may cause severe respiratory disease and fatalities. Fortunately, most of these viruses do not have the ability to be efficiently spread among humans via aerosols or respiratory droplets (airborne transmission) and to subsequently cause a pandemic. However, adaptation of these zoonotic viruses to humans by mutation or reassortment with human influenza A viruses may result in airborne transmissible viruses with pandemic potential. Although our knowledge of factors that affect mammalian adaptation and transmissibility of influenza viruses is still limited, we are beginning to understand some of the biological traits that drive airborne transmission of influenza viruses among mammals. Increased understanding of the determinants and mechanisms of airborne transmission may aid in assessing the risks posed by avian influenza viruses to human health, and preparedness for such risks. This chapter summarizes recent discoveries on the genetic and phenotypic traits required for avian influenza viruses to become airborne transmissible between mammals.

  2. Identificación de las principales proteínas de unión a IGF (IGFBP en tejidos de rata normal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elizabeth Rico

    1999-12-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se investigó la presencia de las principales proteínas de unión a IGF-I en tejidos de rata y el tamaño de los complejos formados en cada caso. Mediante análisis de Western ligand blof (WLB y cromatografía de exclusión molecular, se separaron e identificaron cuatro proteínas de unión, correspondientes a las IGFBP-1 a IGFBP-4. En todos los tejidos analizados, se detectó la proteína IGFBP-3, aunque su concentración varió con el tipo de órgano, siendo muy abundante en hígado, riñón y corazón y escasa en órganos linfoides (timo y bazo. IGFBP-I e IGFBP-2 se identificaron en hígado y pulmón y, además, en corazón y músculo esquelético, órganos donde hasta el momento no se han identificado los correspondientes mARN, como tampoco IGFBP-4, identificada en este trabajo en pulmón. En conclusión, los resultados obtenidos indican un perfil típico para las IGFBP de acuerdo con el tejido, aunque no es claro aún si su presencia es el resultado de su síntesis NI situo de un transporte transcapilar. La identificación de sus mensajeros es un paso esencial para comprender el papel regulador que estas proteínas desempeñan en la biodisponibilidad del IGF-I en los diferentes tejidos.

  3. Zika virus disease

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... May 2015, the virus was discovered for the first time in Brazil. It has now spread to many territories, states, and countries in: Caribbean Islands Central America Mexico South America Pacific Islands Africa The virus ...

  4. A recombinant canine distemper virus expressing a modified rabies virus glycoprotein induces immune responses in mice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Zhili; Wang, Jigui; Yuan, Daoli; Wang, Shuang; Sun, Jiazeng; Yi, Bao; Hou, Qiang; Mao, Yaping; Liu, Weiquan

    2015-06-01

    Canine distemper virus (CDV) and rabies virus (RV) are two important pathogens of the dog. CDV, a member of the morbillivirus genus, has shown promise as an expression vector. The glycoprotein from RV is a main contributor to protective immunity and capable of eliciting the production of virus-neutralizing antibodies. In this study, we recovered an attenuated strain of canine distemper virus and constructed a recombinant virus, rCDV-RV-G, expressing a modified (R333Q) rabies virus glycoprotein (RV-G) of RV Flury strain LEP. RV-G expression by the recombinant viruses was confirmed. Furthermore, G was proved to be incorporated into the surface of CDV particles. While replication of the recombinant virus was slightly reduced compared with the parental CDV, it stably expressed the RV-G over ten serial passages. Inoculation of mice induced specific neutralizing antibodies against both RV-G and CDV. Therefore, the rCDV-RV-G has the potential as a vaccine that may be used to control rabies virus infection in dogs and other animals.

  5. Identification and characterization of a virus-specific continuous B-cell epitope on the PrM/M protein of Japanese Encephalitis Virus: potential application in the detection of antibodies to distinguish Japanese Encephalitis Virus infection from West Nile Virus and Dengue Virus infections

    OpenAIRE

    Hua, Rong-Hong; Chen, Na-Sha; Qin, Cheng-Feng; Deng, Yong-Qiang; Ge, Jin-Ying; Wang, Xi-Jun; Qiao, Zu-Jian; Chen, Wei-Ye; Wen, Zhi-Yuan; Liu, Wen-Xin; Hu, Sen; Bu, Zhi-Gao

    2010-01-01

    Abstract Background Differential diagnose of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection from other flavivirus especially West Nile virus (WNV) and Dengue virus (DV) infection was greatly hindered for the serological cross-reactive. Virus specific epitopes could benefit for developing JEV specific antibodies detection methods. To identify the JEV specific epitopes, we fully mapped and characterized the continuous B-cell epitope of the PrM/M protein of JEV. Results To map the epitopes on the P...

  6. Expression of varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus in normal human trigeminal ganglia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vafai, A.; Wellish, M.; Devlin, M.; Gilden, D.H.; Murray, R.S.

    1988-01-01

    Lysates of radiolabeled explants from four human trigeminal ganglia were immunoprecipitated with antibodies to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and to herpes simplex virus. Both herpes simplex virus- and VZV-specific proteins were detected in lysates of all four ganglia. Absence of reactivity in ganglion explants with monoclonal antibodies suggested that herpes simplex virus and VZV were not reactivated during the culture period. In situ hybridization studies demonstrated the presence of RNA transcripts from the VZV immediate early gene 63. This approach to the detection of herpes simplex virus and VZV expression in human ganglia should facilitate analysis of viral RNA and proteins in human sensory ganglia

  7. Thermoactivation of viruses by microwaves

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mahnel, H.; von Brodorotti, H.S.

    1981-01-01

    Eight different viruses, suspended in drinking water, were examined for their ability to be inactivated by microwaves from a microwave oven. Up to a virus content of 10/sup 5/ TCID/sub 50//ml inactivation was successful within a few minutes of microwave treatment and occurred in parallel to the heat stability of the viruses. Evidence for direct effects of microwaves on viruses could not be detected. 7 of the viruses studied were inactivated rapidly when temperatures of 50 to 65/sup 0/C under microwave treatment were reached in the flowing water, while a bovine parvovirus was only inactivated by temperatures above 90/sup 0/C. The advantages of a thermal virus-decontamination of fluids and material by microwaves are discussed.

  8. Autophagic machinery activated by dengue virus enhances virus replication

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, Y.-R.; Lei, H.-Y.; Liu, M.-T.; Wang, J.-R.; Chen, S.-H.; Jiang-Shieh, Y.-F.; Lin, Y.-S.; Yeh, T.-M.; Liu, C.-C.; Liu, H.-S.

    2008-01-01

    Autophagy is a cellular response against stresses which include the infection of viruses and bacteria. We unravel that Dengue virus-2 (DV2) can trigger autophagic process in various infected cell lines demonstrated by GFP-LC3 dot formation and increased LC3-II formation. Autophagosome formation was also observed under the transmission electron microscope. DV2-induced autophagy further enhances the titers of extracellular and intracellular viruses indicating that autophagy can promote viral replication in the infected cells. Moreover, our data show that ATG5 protein is required to execute DV2-induced autophagy. All together, we are the first to demonstrate that DV can activate autophagic machinery that is favorable for viral replication

  9. Animal Models of Zika Virus

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bradley, Michael P; Nagamine, Claude M

    2017-01-01

    Zika virus has garnered great attention over the last several years, as outbreaks of the disease have emerged throughout the Western Hemisphere. Until quite recently Zika virus was considered a fairly benign virus, with limited clinical severity in both people and animals. The size and scope of the outbreak in the Western Hemisphere has allowed for the identification of severe clinical disease that is associated with Zika virus infection, most notably microcephaly among newborns, and an association with Guillian–Barré syndrome in adults. This recent association with severe clinical disease, of which further analysis strongly suggested causation by Zika virus, has resulted in a massive increase in the amount of both basic and applied research of this virus. Both small and large animal models are being used to uncover the pathogenesis of this emerging disease and to develop vaccine and therapeutic strategies. Here we review the animal-model–based Zika virus research that has been performed to date. PMID:28662753

  10. 78 FR 29755 - Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patient-Focused Drug Development and Human Immunodeficiency Virus...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-05-21

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2013-N-0473] Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patient-Focused Drug Development and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cure... an opportunity for public comment on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Patient-Focused Drug...

  11. Natural history and treatment of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus coinfection

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Keeffe Emmet B

    2005-09-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV coinfection is not uncommon as a result of similar routes of infection. Patients who are coinfected represent a unique group with diverse serologic profiles. Combined chronic hepatitis B and C leads to more severe liver disease and an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, coinfected patients represent a treatment challenge. No standard recommendations exist for treatment of viral hepatitis due to dual HBV/HCV infection, and therefore treatment must be individualized based on patient variables such as serologic and virologic profiles, patient's prior exposure to antiviral treatment, and the presence of other parenterally transmitted viruses such as hepatitis D virus and human immunodeficiency virus. The natural history and treatment of patients with HBV and HCV coinfection is reviewed.

  12. Keefektifan Model CIRC Berbasis Joyful Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Siswa SMP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rian Triastuti

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah implementasi model pembelajaran CIRC berbasis Joyfull Learning efektif terhadap kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa pada materi Teorema Pythagoras. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode dokumen-tasi, tes, dan observasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa pada kelas eksperimen telah mencapai ketuntasan klasikal. Hasil uji perbedaan dua rata-rata menun-jukkan bahwa rata-rata hasil tes kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa kelas eksperimen lebih dari rata-rata hasil tes kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa kelas kontrol. Berdasar-kan hasil tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa rata-rata kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa kelas eksperimen lebih baik daripada rata-rata kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa kelas kontrol. Hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa persentase keaktifan siswa dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran CIRC berbasis Joyfull Learning lebih tinggi daripada persentase keaktifan siswa pada pembelajaran ekspositori, dan aktivitas guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran CIRC berbasis Joyfull Learning mencapai kriteria sangat baik. Kata kunci:       CIRC; Joyfull Learning; Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis.  AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether the implementation of the CIRC based Joyful Learning models effective against student’s mathematical reasoning skills on the material Pythagorean Theorem. The population in this study is the eighth grade students of Junior High School of 1 Tlogowungu. Based on the results of the study showed that students in the experimental class have reached the classical completeness. The test results mean the difference of two shows that the average test results of mathematical reasoning skills experimental class students more than the average test results of student’s mathematical reasoning skills control class. Based on these results it can be seen that the average of student’s mathematical reasoning skills experimental

  13. Laju Pertumbuhan SomatikKappaphycus alvarezii Di Perairan Desa Sathean Kecamatan Kei Kecil Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nally Y.G.F. Erbabley

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Rumput laut Kappaphycus alvareziidijadikan unggulan bagi pengembangan dan peningkatan komoditi sumber daya laut di Maluku Tenggara dan merupakan komoditas unggulan yang ditetapkan oleh PEMDA Maluku Tenggara. Aspek penting dan karakteristik menguntungkan yang berkaitan dengan pengembangan budidaya rumput laut ini antara lain meliputi aspek ekonomi, Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui laju pertumbuhan harian (pertumbuhan somatik Kappaphycus alvarezii varieatas hijau dan coklatdi perairan desa Sathean Kecamatan Kei Kecil Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara.Penelitian dilakukan di perairan desa Sathean pada bulan Januari-September 2013 dengan 2 (dua perlakuan bibit yang dipelihara selama 6 kali musim tanam.Pemeliharaan Kappaphycus alvarezii menggunakan metode longline. Hasil penelitian menunjukanparameter kualitas air diamati secara in-situ selama pemeliharaan berlangsung.Oksigen terlarut (DO pada stasiun I - III berkisar antara 3.4-4.58  ppm,  suhu  300C,  salinitas  antara  27-32  ppt,  pH  berkisara  antara  8.15-8.26. Sedangkan nilai nitrit (NO2 0.009 mg/L, nitrat (NO3 < 5 mg/L,  ammonia (NH3 berkisar antara 0.0010– 0.126mg/L dan phosphat (PO4 berkisar antara <0.25 mg/L.Laju pertumbuhan harian dan laju pertumbuhan rata-rata harian Kappaphycus alvarezii selama pemeliharaan (42 hari adalah nilai rata-rata pengukuran rumpur laut pada long line 1- long line 5, dengan periode penanaman I - IV di desa Sathean diperoleh untuk bibit varietas hijau (BHT berat rata-rata tertinggi ditemukan pada periode penanaman IV pada long line 4 dengan berat yaitu 407 gr sedangkan nilai rata-rata terendah ditemukan pada periode penanaman I pada long line 5 dengan berat 24 gr. Sebaliknya berat  rata-rata rumput laut dengan bibit varietas coklat (BCT ditemukan bahwa berat tertinggi masih pada periode ke IV long line ke 2, dengan berat 427 gr sedangkan berat terendah ditemukan pada periode penanaman I long line 5 dengan berat 52 gr. Waktu tanam pada bulan

  14. Codon usage bias and the evolution of influenza A viruses. Codon Usage Biases of Influenza Virus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wong Emily HM

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The influenza A virus is an important infectious cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and was responsible for 3 pandemics in the 20th century. As the replication of the influenza virus is based on its host's machinery, codon usage of its viral genes might be subject to host selection pressures, especially after interspecies transmission. A better understanding of viral evolution and host adaptive responses might help control this disease. Results Relative Synonymous Codon Usage (RSCU values of the genes from segment 1 to segment 6 of avian and human influenza viruses, including pandemic H1N1, were studied via Correspondence Analysis (CA. The codon usage patterns of seasonal human influenza viruses were distinct among their subtypes and different from those of avian viruses. Newly isolated viruses could be added to the CA results, creating a tool to investigate the host origin and evolution of viral genes. It was found that the 1918 pandemic H1N1 virus contained genes with mammalian-like viral codon usage patterns, indicating that the introduction of this virus to humans was not through in toto transfer of an avian influenza virus. Many human viral genes had directional changes in codon usage over time of viral isolation, indicating the effect of host selection pressures. These changes reduced the overall GC content and the usage of G at the third codon position in the viral genome. Limited evidence of translational selection pressure was found in a few viral genes. Conclusions Codon usage patterns from CA allowed identification of host origin and evolutionary trends in influenza viruses, providing an alternative method and a tool to understand the evolution of influenza viruses. Human influenza viruses are subject to selection pressure on codon usage which might assist in understanding the characteristics of newly emerging viruses.

  15. Efecto antiulceroso del extracto hidroalcohólico liofilizado de hojas de Bixa orellana (achiote, en ratas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oscar Huamán

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Identificar los metabolitos secundarios presentes en el extracto hojas de Bixa orellana, evaluar el grado de protección del extracto frente a la injuria con etanol y estudio histopatológico de la región glandular del estómago. Diseño: Estudio prospectivo experimental. Institución: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición Alberto Guzmán Barrón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Material biológico: Extracto de hojas de Bixa orellana y ratas albinas machos adultos. Intervenciones: Se analizó los metabolitos secundarios del extracto, mediante los reactivos específicos. Para la evaluación del efecto antiulceroso, se aplicó la técnica propuesta por Robert 1979, a dosis de extracto de 200 y 400 mg/kg. Se provocó la injuria con alcohol al 96%. La evaluación macroscópica fue mediante la escala de Marhuenda. Los tejidos fueron conservados en formol al 10%, para su estudio histopatológico por tinción hematoxilina-eosina. Principales medidas de resultados: Inhibición de las lesiones gástricas. Resultados: El extracto hidroalcohólico de hojas de Bixa orellana tiene compuestos fenólicos, tales como flavonoides y taninos, terpenos y alcaloides. El tratamiento con el extracto produjo una inhibición de las lesiones gástricas en 21,7% y 28,3%, respectivamente (p<0,01. En el estudio histológico, se encontró mayor protección y menor migración de células proinflamatorias en los grupos que recibieron el extracto a 200 y 400 mg/kg. Sin embargo, los grupos controles y los que recibieron ranitidina presentaron grados de lesión considerable y un mayor incremento de migración de células proinflamatorias. Conclusiones: El extracto hidroalcohólico de Bixa orellana presenta un efecto gastroprotector antiulceroso frente a la injuria con etanol al 96%, tanto a nivel macroscópico como microscópico.

  16. 78 FR 46969 - Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patient-Focused Drug Development and Human Immunodeficiency Virus...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-08-02

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2013-N-0473] Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patient-Focused Drug Development and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cure... for the notice of public meeting entitled ``Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Patient-Focused Drug...

  17. PENGGUNAAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS (STUDI KASUS DI SDN 3 TARUBASAN KLATEN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Suryanti Galuh Pravitasari

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu apakah penggunaan multimedia interaktif memberikan pengaruh yang cukup signifikan terhadap keberhasilan proses pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas III SDN 3 Tarubasan, Klaten. Penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam kelompok Penelitian Tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Masing-masing siklus dilaksankan dalam lima kali pertemuan sesuai dengan jumlah materi yang harus diselesaikan pada semester genap 2015/2016. Sebelum penggunaan multimedia interaktif diberlakukan, subyek penelitian diberi sebuah pre-test untuk mengetahui bekal awal sebelum perlakuan. Nilai rata-rata dari pre-test adalah 68,7 dengan hanya 3 subyek penelitian yang sudah memenuhi batas minimal KKM yang sebesar 69. Pada akhir Siklus I diperoleh nilai rata-rata 70,7 dengan jumlah subyek yang memiliki nilai di atas  KKM sebesar 61.5% dari total subyek yang diteliti. Pada Siklus II nilai rata-rata meningkat ke angka 82,6 sehingga terjadi peningkatan sebesar 11,9 point dari Siklus I ke Siklus II dan sebesar 13,9 poin. Seluruh subyek penelitian di akhir pelaksanaan Siklus II mendapat nilai yang sudah melampaui batas KKM. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan multimedia interaktf terbukti memberikan pengaruh yang positif terhadap keberhasilan proses pembelajaran.

  18. PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN KOSAKATA BAHASA INGGRIS BERBANTUAN KOMPUTER UNTUK SISWA SMP KELAS VII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bastani Bastani

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1 menghasilkan media pembelajaran kosakata bahasa Inggris berbantuan komputer untuk siswa SMP kelas VII; dan (2 mengetahui kelayakan media pada aspek materi, pemrograman, dan tampilan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan dengan menggunakan model pengembangan Borg & Gall dan Alessi & Trollip’s yang telah dimodifikasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan melalui tiga tahap, yaitu perencanaan, desain, dan pengembangan. Tahap perencanaan meliputi penetapan tujuan dan penganalisisan kebutuhan. Tahap desain meliputi penyelenggaraan focus group discussion, pembuatan flowchart, storyboard, penyiapan materi, dan bahan pendukung. Tahap pengembangan meliputi pembuatan aplikasi berdasarkan flowchart dan storyboard, validasi ahli dan validasi pengguna. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuesioner/angket dan tes. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan ini adalah: (1 produk media pembelajaran kosakata bahasa Inggris berbantuan komputer dalam bentuk CD pembelajaran dan print out produk; dan (2 kelayakan media ditinjau dari aspek materi termasuk kriteria sangat layak dengan rata-rata skor 4,47 pada skala lima, aspek pemrograman termasuk kriteria sangat layak dengan rata-rata skor 4,21 dan aspek tampilan termasuk kriteria sangat layak dengan rata-rata skor 4,44. Kata kunci: pengembangan, media pembelajaran, kosakata, pembelajaran berbantuan komputer.

  19. PERBANDINGAN SMT, JIT, DAN TOC DALAM LINGKUNGAN INDUSTRI SINGLE PRODUCT FLOW SHOP MENGGUNAKAN SIMAN ARENA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eriana Astuty

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Penelitian ini menguji 3 (tiga sistem manufaktur, yaitu sistem manufaktur tradisional, just in time, dan theory of constraints dalam lingkungan industri single product flow shop yang mempunyai lintasan seri dimana ketiga sistem manufaktur dipengaruhi variasi total inventory buffer dan waktu proses yang berbeda sesuai dengan filosofi dari masing-masing sistem. Adapun tujuannya untuk mengukur dan menganalisa performansi, melihat ada/tidaknya pengaruh sistem manufaktur, variasi total inventory buffer serta interaksi keduanya terhadap performansi flowtime dan throughput. Penulis menggunakan Simulation Manufacturing ARENA untuk menguji sistem nyata keadaan lingkungan industri yang dicobakan ke dalam model tiruan simulasi komputer. Di akhir penelitian ini terbukti bahwa jenis sistem manufaktur, variasi total inventory buffer, dan interaksi keduanya ternyata mempengaruhi besarnya performansi nilai rata-rata flowtime dan throughput yang dihasilkan dari masing-masing sistem yang dicobakan. Simpulan terakhir adalah filosofi SMT tidaklah memberikan keuntungan yang lebih jika dibandingkan JIT dan TOC. Selanjutnya TOC mempunyai performansi di atas SMT dan JIT pada performansi rata-rata troughput, walaupun kadang-kadang TOC mempunyai rata-rata flowtime yang lebih tinggi dari SMT dan JIT, yang mana hal ini sebenarnya menjadi atribut bahwa TOC membutuhkan lebih sedikit inventory dibandingkan dengan sistem manufaktur lainnya.

  20. PICTORIAL RIDDLE MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN ATTENTION, RELEVANCE, CONFIDENCE, SATISFACTION (ARCS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH DAN MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI SISWA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Siti Masfuah

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui penerapan metode pictorial riddle melalui pembelajaran ARCS untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan motivasi berprestasi siswa. Metode pictorial riddle yang digunakan adalah jenis komik sains sederhana yang berisi tentang cerita petualangan yang dihubungkan dengan materi sains. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pra eksperimen dengan desain one shot case study karena tidak ada kelas kontrol. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Negeri 4 Rendeng Kudus yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Variabel bebas penelitian ini adalah metode pictorial riddle dengan jenis komik sains yang diterapkan pada model pembelajaran ARCS, sedangkan variabel terikatnya adalah kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan motivasi berprestasi siswa. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji t satu sampel yang dibandingkan nilai KKM. Berdasarkan analisis data diketahui bahwa rata-rata kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa sebesar 82,75, sedangkan rata-rata motivasi berprestasi siswa sebesar 80,31. Berdasarkan pengujian hipotesis, rata-rata kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan motivasi berprestasi siswa kelas V SD Negeri 4 Rendeng lebih dari atau sama dengan 75. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode pictorial riddle melalui pembelajaran ARCS dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan motivasi berprestasi siswa.

  1. Chimeric human parainfluenza virus bearing the Ebola virus glycoprotein as the sole surface protein is immunogenic and highly protective against Ebola virus challenge

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bukreyev, Alexander; Marzi, Andrea; Feldmann, Friederike; Zhang Liqun; Yang Lijuan; Ward, Jerrold M.; Dorward, David W.; Pickles, Raymond J.; Murphy, Brian R.; Feldmann, Heinz; Collins, Peter L.

    2009-01-01

    We generated a new live-attenuated vaccine against Ebola virus (EBOV) based on a chimeric virus HPIV3/ΔF-HN/EboGP that contains the EBOV glycoprotein (GP) as the sole transmembrane envelope protein combined with the internal proteins of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3). Electron microscopy analysis of the virus particles showed that they have an envelope and surface spikes resembling those of EBOV and a particle size and shape resembling those of HPIV3. When HPIV3/ΔF-HN/EboGP was inoculated via apical surface of an in vitro model of human ciliated airway epithelium, the virus was released from the apical surface; when applied to basolateral surface, the virus infected basolateral cells but did not spread through the tissue. Following intranasal (IN) inoculation of guinea pigs, scattered infected cells were detected in the lungs by immunohistochemistry, but infectious HPIV3/ΔF-HN/EboGP could not be recovered from the lungs, blood, or other tissues. Despite the attenuation, the virus was highly immunogenic, and a single IN dose completely protected the animals against a highly lethal intraperitoneal challenge of guinea pig-adapted EBOV

  2. VIRUS instrument enclosures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Prochaska, T.; Allen, R.; Mondrik, N.; Rheault, J. P.; Sauseda, M.; Boster, E.; James, M.; Rodriguez-Patino, M.; Torres, G.; Ham, J.; Cook, E.; Baker, D.; DePoy, Darren L.; Marshall, Jennifer L.; Hill, G. J.; Perry, D.; Savage, R. D.; Good, J. M.; Vattiat, Brian L.

    2014-08-01

    The Visible Integral-Field Replicable Unit Spectrograph (VIRUS) instrument will be installed at the Hobby-Eberly Telescope† in the near future. The instrument will be housed in two enclosures that are mounted adjacent to the telescope, via the VIRUS Support Structure (VSS). We have designed the enclosures to support and protect the instrument, to enable servicing of the instrument, and to cool the instrument appropriately while not adversely affecting the dome environment. The system uses simple HVAC air handling techniques in conjunction with thermoelectric and standard glycol heat exchangers to provide efficient heat removal. The enclosures also provide power and data transfer to and from each VIRUS unit, liquid nitrogen cooling to the detectors, and environmental monitoring of the instrument and dome environments. In this paper, we describe the design and fabrication of the VIRUS enclosures and their subsystems.

  3. Hepatitis A virus antibody

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Novak, J.; Kselikova, M.; Urbankova, J.

    1980-01-01

    A description is presented of a radioimmunoassay designed to prove the presence of the antibody against the hepatitis A virus (HA Ab, anti-Ha) using an Abbott HAVAB set. This proof as well as the proof of the antibody against the nucleus of the hepatitis B virus is based on competition between a normal antibody against hepatitis A virus and a 125 I-labelled antibody for the binding sites of a specific antigen spread all over the surface of a tiny ball; this is then indirect proof of the antibody under investigation. The method is described of reading the results from the number of impulses per 60 seconds: the higher the titre of the antibody against the hepatitis A virus in the serum examined, the lower the activity of the specimen concerned. The rate is reported of incidence of the antibody against the hepatitis A virus in a total of 68 convalescents after hepatitis A; the antibody was found in 94.1%. The immunoglobulin made from the convalescents' plasma showed the presence of antibodies in dilutions as high as 1:250 000 while the comparable ratio for normal immunoglobulin Norga was only 1:2500. Differences are discussed in the time incidence of the antibodies against the hepatitis A virus, the antibodies against the surface antigen of hepatitis B, and the antibody against the nucleus of the hepatitis V virus. (author)

  4. Avian influenza A virus and Newcastle disease virus mono- and co-infections in birds

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iv. Zarkov

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available The main features of avian influenza viruses (AIV and Newcastle disease virus (APMV-1, the possibilities for isolation and identification in laboratory conditions, methods of diagnostics, main hosts, clinical signs and virus shedding are reviewed in chronological order. The other part of the review explains the mechanisms and interactions in cases of co-infection of AIV and APMV-1, either between them or with other pathogens in various indicator systems – cell cultures, chick embryos or birds. The emphasis is placed on quantitative data on the virus present mainly in the first ten days following experimental infection of birds, the periods of virus carrier ship and shedding, clinical signs, pathological changes, diagnostic challenges

  5. BS-virus-finder

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Gao, Shengjie; Hu, Xuesong; Xu, Fengping

    2018-01-01

    Background: DNA methylation plays a key role in the regulation of gene expression and carcinogenesis. Bisulfite sequencing studies mainly focus on calling SNP, DMR, and ASM. Until now, only a few software tools focus on virus integration using bisulfite sequencing data. Findings: We have developed...... a new and easy-to-use software tool, named BS-virus-finder (BSVF, RRID:SCR_015727), to detect viral integration breakpoints in whole human genomes. The tool is hosted at https://github.com/BGI-SZ/BSVF. Conclusions: BS-virus-finder demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity. It is useful in epigenetic...

  6. Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease): Diagnosis

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Search Form Controls Cancel Submit Search the CDC Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease) Note: Javascript is disabled or is ... message, please visit this page: About CDC.gov . Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease) What is Ebola Virus Disease? ...

  7. Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease): Transmission

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Search Form Controls Cancel Submit Search the CDC Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease) Note: Javascript is disabled or is ... message, please visit this page: About CDC.gov . Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease) What is Ebola Virus Disease? ...

  8. Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease): Treatment

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Search Form Controls Cancel Submit Search the CDC Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease) Note: Javascript is disabled or is ... message, please visit this page: About CDC.gov . Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease) What is Ebola Virus Disease? ...

  9. Tomato ringspot virus and Tobacco ringspot virus in Highbush Blueberry in New York State

    Science.gov (United States)

    A survey of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivars Patriot and Bluecrop showing virus-like symptoms and decline in vigor in New York was conducted to assess the occurrence of viruses. Leaf samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic bushes reacted positively to Tobacco ringspot virus ...

  10. Protecting Anti-virus Programs From Viral Attacks

    OpenAIRE

    Mishra, Umakant

    2013-01-01

    During a fight between viruses and anti-viruses it is not always predictable that the anti-virus is going to win. There are many malicious viruses which target to attack and paralyze the anti-viruses. It is necessary for an anti-virus to detect and destroy the malware before its own files are detected and destroyed by the malware. The anti-virus may follow thorough testing and auditing procedures to fix all its bugs before releasing the software in the market. Besides the anti-virus may use a...

  11. Remarkable morphological diversity of viruses and virus-like particles in hot terrestrial environments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rachel, R; Bettstetter, M; Hedlund, B P; Häring, M; Kessler, A; Stetter, K O; Prangishvili, D

    2002-12-01

    Electron microscopic studies of the viruses in two hot springs (85 degrees C, pH 1.5-2.0, and 75-93 degrees C, pH 6.5) in Yellowstone National Park revealed particles with twelve different morphotypes. This diversity encompassed known viruses of hyperthermophilic archaea, filamentous Lipothrixviridae, rod-shaped Rudiviridae, and spindle-shaped Fuselloviridae, and novel morphotypes previously not observed in nature. Two virus types resembled head-and-tail bacteriophages from the families Siphoviridae and Podoviridae, and constituted the first observation of these viruses in a hydrothermal environment. Viral hosts in the acidic spring were members of the hyperthermophilic archaeal genus Acidianus.

  12. General properties of grapevine viruses occurring in Hungary

    OpenAIRE

    Eszter Cseh; András Takács; László Kocsis; Richard Gáborjányi

    2012-01-01

    The past fifty years important advances have been made in the field of grapevine virus research, including characterization of pathogens and control measurements. Still the occurrence of Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Tomato black ring virus (TBRV), Grapevine chrome mosaic virus (GCMV), Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Grapevine Bulgarian latent virus (GBLV), Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), Grapevine leafroll- associated viruses (GLRaV1-4), Grapevine virus A (GVA), Grape...

  13. Insulinoterapia na prenhez de ratas diabéticas: repercussões fetais e placentárias Effect of insulin therapy in on pregnancy of diabetic rats: fetal and placental repercussions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marilza V.C. Rudge

    1998-02-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as repercussões feto-placentárias da insulinoterapia na prenhez de ratas diabéticas. A droga diabetogênica foi aloxana na dose de 42 mg/kg de peso por via intravenosa. Formaram-se cinco grupos experimentais: controle (G1, n=12; diabete moderado não-tratado (G2, n=10; diabete moderado tratado com insulina (G3, n=11; diabete grave não-tratado (G4, n=12 e diabete grave tratado com insulina (G5, n=10. Foram obtidos 634 recém-nascidos e respectivas placentas. O resultado perinatal do tratamento com insulina teve relação direta com a qualidade do controle glicêmico. O tratamento inadequado do diabete moderado determinou níveis de hiperglicemia moderada nos recém-nascidos, não interferiu com o peso corporal dos filhotes e diminuiu a proporção de recém-nascidos grandes para a idade da prenhez (GIP. O controle adequado do diabete grave normalizou a glicemia dos recém-nascidos, aumentou o peso dos filhotes e diminuiu a proporção de recém-nascidos pequenos para a idade da prenhez (PIP. A administração de doses adequadas de insulina no grupo de ratas diabéticas grave diminuiu o peso das placentas mas sem modificar o índice placentário.Fetal and placental effects of insulin therapy on pregnancy of diabetic rats were studied. Alloxan was administered intravenously at the dose of 42 mg/kg of body weight. Five experimental groups were formed: control (G1, n=12, non-treated rats with moderate diabetes (G2, n=10, insulin-treated rats with moderate diabetes (G3, n=11,non-treated rats with severe diabetes (G4, n=12 and insulin-treated rats with severe diabetes (G5, n=10. Six hundred and thirty-four newborn rats and placentas wereprocured. The perinatal result of insulin therapy was directly related to the quality of glycemia control. Thus, inadequate control of moderate diabetes produced levels of moderate hyperglycemia, did not interfere with the newborn rats' body weight and decreased the proportion

  14. Expresión diferencial de proteínas cardiacas en ratas diabéticas tipo Sprague-Dawley Differential heart protein expression in diabetic type Sprague-Dawley rats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Richard Southgate

    Full Text Available Se purificaron proteínas cardiacas a partir de ratas diabéticas y sanas de tipo Sprague-Dawley. Las proteínas fueron fraccionadas por medio de gel de electroforesis de dos dimensiones (2D-PAGE. La separación resultante fue visualizada por tinción con Coomassie azul. Luego de ser convertidas en imagen digital, las proteínas del grupo diabético y del grupo control fueron comparadas y correlacionadas para determinar los niveles de expresión diferenciada. Sesenta de las ciento ochenta proteínas en el gel fueron removidas y digeridas en fragmentos pequeños de péptidos, los cuales se analizaron por medio de espectrometría de masas para determinar la estructura primaria de los péptidos resultantes (secuencia de los aminoácidos. Esta información se registró en una base de datos (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ para determinar la identidad de las proteínas precedentes a los péptidos. Se determinó la identidad de las proteínas expresadas diferencialmente en el tejido cardiaco de ambos grupos; se encontraron varias proteínas expresadas en diferentes niveles a los normales cuando se analizaron los corazones de ratas diabéticas, incluyendo fosfatasa de tiroxina (PTP, Q60998, receptores de lipoproteínas de muy baja densidad (VLDL-R, P98156, perioxidasa de glutation (PHGPx, O70325, transferasa de serina hidroxilamina (SHMT, P50431, adenylyl cyclasa proteína 1 asociada (CAP1, P40124 y teletonina (TELT, O70548.Cardiac proteins were isolated from diabetic and wild type Sprague-Dawley rats, then fractionated by two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE using isoelectric focusing and molecular weight. The resulting protein spots were stained to facilitate detection. After being converted into a digital image, the proteins on the diabetic and wild type gels were matched to each other then compared to determine levels of expression. Sixty of the one hundred and eighty proteins on the gel were removed and digested to produce peptide fragments

  15. General properties of grapevine viruses occurring in Hungary

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eszter Cseh

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available The past fifty years important advances have been made in the field of grapevine virus research, including characterization of pathogens and control measurements. Still the occurrence of Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV, Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV, Tomato black ring virus (TBRV, Grapevine chrome mosaic virus (GCMV, Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV, Grapevine Bulgarian latent virus (GBLV, Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV, Grapevine leafroll- associated viruses (GLRaV1-4, Grapevine virus A (GVA, Grapevine virus B (GVB and Grapevine rupestris stem pitting- associated virus (GRSPaV have been reported in Hungary and characterized by conventional methods as woody indexing, herbaceous indexing and serological methods. Among grapevine viruses the Grapevine line pattern virus (GLPV seems to be uncial; because it was reported only in Hungary. Causal agents of several grapevine diseases, like enation, vein necrosis and vein mosaic remained undiscovered. These virus-like diseases occurred only sporadically, without economic importance.

  16. Control of sweet potato virus diseases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Loebenstein, Gad

    2015-01-01

    Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is ranked seventh in global food crop production and is the third most important root crop after potato and cassava. Sweet potatoes are vegetative propagated from vines, root slips (sprouts), or tubers. Therefore, virus diseases can be a major constrain, reducing yields markedly, often more than 50%. The main viruses worldwide are Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) and Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV). Effects on yields by SPFMV or SPCSV alone are minor, or but in complex infection by the two or other viruses yield losses of 50%. The orthodox way of controlling viruses in vegetative propagated crops is by supplying the growers with virus-tested planting material. High-yielding plants are tested for freedom of viruses by PCR, serology, and grafting to sweet potato virus indicator plants. After this, meristem tips are taken from those plants that reacted negative. The meristems were grown into plants which were kept under insect-proof conditions and away from other sweet potato material for distribution to farmers after another cycle of reproduction. © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. Autophagy in Measles Virus Infection

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aurore Rozières

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Autophagy is a biological process that helps cells to recycle obsolete cellular components and which greatly contributes to maintaining cellular integrity in response to environmental stress factors. Autophagy is also among the first lines of cellular defense against invading microorganisms, including viruses. The autophagic destruction of invading pathogens, a process referred to as xenophagy, involves cytosolic autophagy receptors, such as p62/SQSTM1 (Sequestosome 1 or NDP52/CALCOCO2 (Nuclear Dot 52 KDa Protein/Calcium Binding And Coiled-Coil Domain 2, which bind to microbial components and target them towards growing autophagosomes for degradation. However, most, if not all, infectious viruses have evolved molecular tricks to escape from xenophagy. Many viruses even use autophagy, part of the autophagy pathway or some autophagy-associated proteins, to improve their infectious potential. In this regard, the measles virus, responsible for epidemic measles, has a unique interface with autophagy as the virus can induce multiple rounds of autophagy in the course of infection. These successive waves of autophagy result from distinct molecular pathways and seem associated with anti- and/or pro-measles virus consequences. In this review, we describe what the autophagy–measles virus interplay has taught us about both the biology of the virus and the mechanistic orchestration of autophagy.

  18. Strategy as a Virus

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Obed Madsen, Søren

    This article is based on virus theory (Røvik, 2007, 2011), and proposes to develop a framework that defines technology as a virus that penetrates the organism of an organization. The framework develops a new vocabulary, which can help in analyzing technologies and their negative effects on actors...... and organizations. In this paper, the virus theory is used to analyze a strategy process in an organization as an example of a technology. It shows how the strategy over time creates a memory loss, where the managers who are exposed to the virus forget their critique of the new strategy concept. The article also...... shows how resistant can be understood as being immune to a virus, since the strategy concepts bears resemblance to a former strategy concept. The article also argues that there should be more focus on the negative impacts of management tool and especially how organizations and managers are dealing...

  19. Plant virus sensitivity to gamma irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gyoergyne Czeck, B.

    1979-01-01

    Preliminary experiments for prevention were conducted with weakened plant viruses, namely with Arabis mosaic virus isolated from strawberries and tobacco mosaic virus. Treatment 24 hours prior to the infection with the radiation-weakened virus resulted in a 60-70% infection prevention. (author)

  20. Unprecedented genomic diversity of RNA viruses in arthropods reveals the ancestry of negative-sense RNA viruses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Ci-Xiu; Shi, Mang; Tian, Jun-Hua; Lin, Xian-Dan; Kang, Yan-Jun; Chen, Liang-Jun; Qin, Xin-Cheng; Xu, Jianguo; Holmes, Edward C; Zhang, Yong-Zhen

    2015-01-29

    Although arthropods are important viral vectors, the biodiversity of arthropod viruses, as well as the role that arthropods have played in viral origins and evolution, is unclear. Through RNA sequencing of 70 arthropod species we discovered 112 novel viruses that appear to be ancestral to much of the documented genetic diversity of negative-sense RNA viruses, a number of which are also present as endogenous genomic copies. With this greatly enriched diversity we revealed that arthropods contain viruses that fall basal to major virus groups, including the vertebrate-specific arenaviruses, filoviruses, hantaviruses, influenza viruses, lyssaviruses, and paramyxoviruses. We similarly documented a remarkable diversity of genome structures in arthropod viruses, including a putative circular form, that sheds new light on the evolution of genome organization. Hence, arthropods are a major reservoir of viral genetic diversity and have likely been central to viral evolution.

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