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Sample records for rak grudnoyi zalozi

  1. Improving treatment with methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis-development of a multimedia patient education program and the MiRAK, a new instrument to evaluate methotrexate-related knowledge.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ciciriello, Sabina; Buchbinder, Rachelle; Osborne, Richard H; Wicks, Ian P

    2014-02-01

    To develop and test an evidence-based, multimedia patient education program (MPEP) about methotrexate (MTX) treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a new measure of patient knowledge [Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis Knowledge test (MiRAK)]. The content of the MPEP and MiRAK was guided by concept-mapping workshops with patients (N = 24), literature review, health professional, and expert linguistic input. The MPEP and MiRAK underwent multiple stages of testing and revision with patients and health professionals. The MiRAK was administered to RA patients (N = 169) and its properties examined using the Rasch analyses. A subset of respondents (N = 131) repeated the MiRAK to determine test-retest reliability. A before-after pilot study with patients who had recently started MTX (N = 31) tested responsiveness of the MiRAK and feasibility and acceptability of the MPEP. A DVD of 24-minutes duration was produced that presents detailed, evidence-based information about MTX. The Rasch analyses of the 60 MiRAK items revealed that these could be summated into a single score. The MiRAK had good model fit, supporting internal construct validity, good internal consistency (person separation index; 0.84), test-retest reliability (ICC; 0.89), and ability to detect change (ES; 2.38). The before-after study suggested that patients could self-administer the MPEP, with the majority finding it informative and easy to use. We developed a MPEP about MTX treatment for RA, which was found to be user-friendly and easily implementable. The MiRAK is a new scale, testing a broad spectrum of MTX knowledge. Analyses revealed strong evidence for its validity and reliability. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. IMPLEMENTASI DATA MINING UNTUK PENENTUAN POSISI BARANG PADA RAK MENGGUNAKAN METODE APRIORI PADA PT MIDI UTAMA INDONESIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    - Aprizal

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Alfamidi merupakan objek penelitian mengalami permasalahan pada posisi penempatan barang pada rak jualan masih kurang tertata, karena kurang teraturnya posisi barang pad arak mengakibatkan terkadang ada barang yang dicari oleh konsumen tapi malah tidak ditemuka di bagian rak, yang berdampak pada pengurangan daya minat pembeli. Penelitian ini menggunakan algoritma apriori untuk mengklasifikasikan data transaksi penjualan dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat membantu pihak Alfamidi untuk menyusun penempatan produk yang dijual. Kata Kunci : Data Mining, Algoritma Apriori, lokasi barang.

  3. Farklı Tip Türk Rakılarında Temel Uçucu Bileşiklerin Gaz Kromatografisinde Doğrudan Enjeksiyonla Belirlenmesi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Seda Özkandan

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, tek üzüm çeşidinden (Misket, yaş üzümden ve kuru üzüm suması melas alkolü karışımından üretilen farklı tipteki rakıların bileşimleri ve temel uçucu bileşikleri araştırılmıştır. Metanol ve temel uçucu bileşikler (asetaldehit, asetal, metil asetat, etil asetat, 2-bütanol, n-propanol, izobütanol, n-bütanol, aktif amil alkol, izoamil alkol, trans anetol ve estragol AB referans yöntemine göre GC- FID ile belirlenmiştir. Rakıların temel uçucu bileşiklerini, sırasıyla, anason kaynaklı trans anetol ve suma kaynaklı yüksek alkoller, esterler, aldehitler ve uçucu asitler oluşturmuştur. Rakılarda, toplam uçucu madde miktarları uçar asit dahil, 124.99-163.40 g/hL mA arasında, trans anetol miktarları 1038-1380 mg/L arasında, metanol miktarları 43.96-56.91 g/hL mA arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek toplam uçucu madde miktarı Misket üzümünden elde edilen rakıda bulunmuştur. Tek çeşitten ve yaş üzümden üretilen rakıların, karışımdan üretilen rakılara göre daha yüksek miktarlarda toplam uçucu madde ve özellikle yüksek alkoller içerdikleri belirlenmiştir. Yüksek alkol miktarları bakımından tipler arasındaki fark önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.05. Trans anetol miktarı en yüksek yaş üzüm rakısında, en düşük misket rakısında belirlenmiştir. Öte yandan, genel olarak rakıların bileşimlerinin TGK Distile Alkollü İçkiler Tebliği’ne uygun oldukları saptanmıştır.

  4. Overview of the NKS/RAK-1 project 'Strategies for reactor safety' and linkages to piping reliability studies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Andersson, Kjell

    1997-01-01

    The NKS/RAK-1 project forms part of a four-year research program (1994-97) in the Nordic countries. The general objective of NKS/RAK-1 project is to explore strategies for reactor safety: to investigate and evaluate the safety work, to increase realism and reliability of safety analysis; and to increase the safety of nuclear installations in selected areas. The project has done extensive interview work at utilities and authorities, and analysed a number of case studies. Brief highlights and overviews of the sub-projects are presented in this paper

  5. Analisa Perpindahan Panas Keadaan Tunak Pada Pengering Jagung Tipe Rumah Kaca Variasi Lubang Ventilasi Dan Rak Alumunium

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yunita Djamalu

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Abstrak: Sebagian besar Masyarakat Gorontalo adalah petani jagung, selain di konsumsi sendiri, jagung juga di olah menjadiberbagai macam olahan makanan sebagai mata pencaharian Masyarakat Bahkan sebagian jagung juga ada yang dieksport ke luar daerah. Untuk itu Mutu jagung yang di hasilkan harus selalu di perhatikan, Mutu jagung sangatbergantung pada proses pasca panen terutama pada proses pengeringan. Tujuan utama dari proses pengeringanadalah untuk menurunkan kadar air jagung hingga mencapai keadaan yang aman dari kerusakan untuk jangka waktutertentu. Untuk itu penulis mendesain ulang peralatan pengeringan dengan memanfaatkan energy surya sebagaisumber pemanas yang dikenal juga dengan alat Pengering Efek Rumah Kaca dengan Variasi Lubang Ventilasi dan rakpengering yang terbuat dari alumunium. Proses eksperimen dalam pengujian alat pengering Efek Rumah Kaca inimemerlukan waktu beberapa hari. Dari grafik yang terlihat bahwa rak alumunium lebih baik dari pada rak kaca. Untukmendapatkan hasil yang lebih cepat proses pengeringan perlu dimodelkan dengan menggunakan persamaanmatematis.Kata Kunci: Jagung, Pengering Energy Surya, Efek Rumah Kaca, Variasi Lubang Ventilasi, Rak Alumunium Abstract: Most of Gorontalo Society is a corn farmer , in addition to its own consumption , corn is also in the process into a widevariety of processed foods as a livelihood Society majority of maize is also a fact that in the export to other regions . Forthe quality of the corn produced must always be noticed is very dependent on the quality of corn post-harvestprocessing, especially in the drying process. The main purpose of the drying process is to lower the moisture content ofcorn until it reaches a state that is safe from damage for a certain period of time. To the authors redesign dryingequipment by utilizing solar energy as a source of heating which is also known as the Greenhouse Effect dryerapparatus with ventilation holes and a variation of the drying rack made

  6. NKS/RAK-2. Protection against radioactive release in reactor accidents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lindholm, I.

    1995-01-01

    The work scope of RAK-2 project is divided into three subprojects: 1. Severe accident phenomenology. 2. Computerized accident management. 3. Reactors in Nordic surroundings. All three subprojects are ongoing. The project work on three subareas is in general progressing according to the time schedule and budget. The construction of melt jet breakup test facility at Kungliga Tekniska Hoegskolan (KTH) has been delayed due to complexity of the test arrangement and due to meeting the necessary safety requirements connected to tests mixing water and high temperature melts. Because of the delay in melt jet break up tests a slight redirection of the KTH work for NKS was taken. The present KTH work concentrates on theoretical studies of melt pool behavior in the lower head and on theoretical/experimental studies on core melt discharge from the pressure vessel failure. It is expected that single drop melt-water interaction experiments to study the thermal fragmentation phenomenon will begin in very early 1996. The recriticality studies are well underway, but the work is proposed to continue in 1996 to get more analyses carried out. (au)

  7. Pemodelan Matematik Kinerja Pengering Surya Efek Rumah Kaca (ERK-Hibrid Menggunakan Rak Berputar secara Vertikal (Mathematical Modeling Performance of Greenhouse Effect (GHE-Hybrid Solar Dryer with a Vertical Rotating Rack

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sigit Triwahyudi

    2016-12-01

    ini menyajikan uji unjuk kerja dan pemodelan matematik pengering energi surya (ERK-Hibrid  menggunakan  rak berputar secara vertikal. Pengering terdiri dari bangunan rumah kaca berukuran (1100 × 860 × 1300 mm dengan delapan buah rak dan sistim pemanas tambahan yang terdiri dari kolektor plat datar (1,04 m2, tangki penyimpan air panas (197 liter dan penukar panas. Untuk mengetahuikinerja pengering energi surya, dilakukan lima kali percobaan variasi kecepatan putar rak (1, 4, 7, 10 rpm dan tanpa pemutaran rak. Bahan yang dipergunakan pada pengujian adalah kapulaga lokal (Amomum cardamomum Wild. Masing-masing percobaan seberat 9 sampai dengan 10 kg. Rata-rata suhu air tangki penyimpan panas bervariasi dari 50,0 sampai dengan 55,0 °C suhu ruang pengering antara 38,9 sampai dengan 45,9 °C, sedangkan kelembaban relatif (RH ruang pengering berkisar antara 32,1 sampai dengan 47,4 %. Perlakuan pemutaran rak berpengaruh terhadap keseragaman suhu bahan maupun kadar air pada masing rak pengering. Pada perlakuan pemutaran 1 rpm (percobaan II, didapatkan kondisi terbaik (suhu bahan maupun kadar air yang paling seragam. Dengan kecepatan putar rak yang semakin meningkat menyebabkan nilai ragam suhu bahan maupun kadar air semakin meningkat. Untuk melakukan simulasi unjuk kerja dilakukan pemodelan matematik berdasarkan pindah panas dan massa serta pendekatan pengeringan lapisan tipis. Persamaan diselesaikan secara numerik menggunakan finite difference Euler dengan bantuan bahasa pemrograman Visual Basic Aplication (VBA Excell. Validasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan antara perhitungan hasil pemodelan (data prediksi dengan data hasil pengukuran (data observasi. Kriteria kevalidan ditentukan dengan melihat nilai koefisien determinasi (R2, nilai RMSD maupun nilai MAPD. Pemodelan  matematik yang telah dibangun dapat menggambarkan dengan tepat perubahan suhu air tangki penyimpan panas, suhu ruang pengering, suhu bahan maupun penurunan kadar air. Kata kunci: Pengering surya efek rumah

  8. Analysis on Ga-Rak market workers' disease and treatment of Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM (pilot study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yoo, Jae Ryong

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available Objective : To broaden our understanding on occupational disease of market workers and to evaluate the effect of TKM treatment focusing on acupuncture and herb medicine and to promote base studies and clinical trials on occupational disease. Materials and Methods : Analysis was done on 33 Ga-Rak market workers' chart which had been selected through investigation of 1508 outpatient's chart of Kyung Won University Hospital from Jun. 1st, 2002 to May. 31th, 2003. Results : 1. Out of 33 patients, Men had more occupational diseases than women had and Most people were in their forties. 2. Major cause of the disease include repetitve bending, heavy weight lifting and overwork. 3. Past History of patients mostly include frequent lumbar sprain, periarthritis of shoulder, lumbar HNP. 4. The patients with occupational disease were diagnosed as lumbar sprain, periarthritis of shoulder, lumbar HNP, degenerative spondylosis, spinal stenosis and their chief complaints were low back pain, omalgia, back pain with radicular pain. 5. The duration of treatment was mostly within a week. 6. Acupuncture, Bee Venom Acupuncture, moxibustion, Herb-medicine, extract, taping therapy, physical therapy were used as treatment methods. 7. Applied herb medicine were composed of 8 kinds of prescriptions and extract were made up of 6 prescriptions 8. Applied acupoints belonged mainly to 14 meridians 9. The treatment of herb medicine combined with acupuncture proved effective in treating the ocupational disease. conclusions : The occupational disease of patients working in Ga-Rak market were closely related with overwork, especially with repetitive bending and heavy weight lifting and TKM treatment focusing on acupuncture combined with herb medicine was effective in treating occupational disease.

  9. Jan Rak and Michael J. Tannenbaum present the book "High-pT physics in the heavy ion era"

    CERN Multimedia

    2013-01-01

    Thursday 13 June 2013 from 4 p.m. to 5 p.m. in the Library, Bldg. 52 1-052 The book provides an overview of the basic concepts of large transverse momentum particle physics, with a focus on pQCD phenomena. It examines high-pT probes of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and will serve as a handbook for those working on RHIC and LHC data analyses. Starting with an introduction and review of the field, the authors look at basic observables and experimental techniques, concentrating on relativistic particle kinematics, before moving onto a discussion about the origins of high-pT physics. The main features of high-pT physics are placed within a historical context and the authors adopt an experimental outlook, highlighting the most important discoveries leading up to the foundation of modern QCD theory. High-pT physics in the heavy ion era, by Jan Rak and Michael J. Tannenbaum,  Cambridge University Press, 2013, ISBN  9780521190299. *Coffee will be served from 3 p.m.*

  10. PEMANFAATAN LM35 SEBAGAI SENSOR SUHU OTOMATIS PADA SISEM PENGONTROLAN SUHU RUANGAN PENGERING (STUDI KASUS : PENGERING TIPE RAK

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ari Rahayuningtyas

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Aliran udara dan suhu pada ruang pengering memegang peranan penting dalam proses pengeringan suatu produk. Laju penguapan air bahan dalam pengeringan sangat ditentukan oleh kenaikan suhu. Pada penelitian ini pengontrolan suhu ruang pengering dilakukan dengan merancang bangun sensor suhu dengan menggunakan LM35 dan berbasis mikrokontroler ATMEGA 8535. Input berupa suhu disensor oleh LM35 yang kemudian diolah dan dikontrol oleh mikrokontroler. Keluaran dari mikrokontroler berupa nilai bacaan suhu yang akan ditampilan pada LCD display 16 x 2. Pengamatan ini bertujuan untuk menguji parameter teknis yang terkait dengan unjuk kerja mesin pengering tipe rak meliputi sebaran suhu dengan konveksi paksa menggunakan kipas mekanik. Pengamatan dilakukan pada suhu 50ºC dan 60ºC, dengan 2 buah kipas dengan kecepatan masing-masing 3,9 m/dt dan 4,7 m/dt. Setiap 30 menit data suhu pada 6 titik diambil dalam ruang pengering. Dengan membandingkan hasil pengukuran dengan menggunakan sensor suhu LM35 dan termometer raksa dapat terlihat bahwa tidak terjadi perbedaan suhu yang jauh. Jika terdapat perbedaan hasil pembacaan, hal tersebut masih diijinkan karena nilainya berada dalam jangkauan toleransi. Perbedaan ini juga dipengaruhi oleh tata letak kipas yang mengakibatkan perbedaan hembusan udara dan berpengaruh pada rataan suhu dalam ruang pengering.

  11. Rak piersi w ciąży - odmienności procesu diagnostyki i leczenia = Breast cancer during pregnancy - differences in diagnostic and treatment procedures

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Magdalena Sowa

    2016-09-01

    85 -801 Bydgoszcz e – mail: magdalena.sowa@cm.umk.pl         Streszczenie Wprowadzenie: Rak piersi w ciąży jest rozpoznawany stosunkowo rzadko. W ostatnich dziesięciu latach w Europie można zauważyć wyraźną tendencję do odraczania macierzyństwa wśród młodych kobiet. Obecnie średnia wieku kobiet rodzących pierwsze dziecko wynosi 30 lat. Jednym z czynników ryzyka zachorowania na raka piersi jest wiek. Z uwagi na fakt, iż kobiety coraz później decydują się na macierzyństwo, a średnia wieku występowania raka piersi się obniża,  z tą szczególną sytuacją kliniczną lekarzom jak i kobietom przyjdzie się zmagać coraz częściej.  Cel pracy:Celem pracy była próba przybliżenia odmienności procesu diagnostyki i leczenia raka gruczołu piersiowego rozpoznanego w ciąży. Rozwinięcie:Z danych epidemiologicznych wynika, iż rak piersi jest najczęściej występującym nowotworem u kobiet ciężarnych.Szczególnie niebezpiecznym jest fakt, iż zmiany fizjologicznie zachodzące w organizmie kobiety już od pierwszych tygodni ciąży, mogą maskować pojawienie się guza i znacznie opóźniać wdrożenie procesu diagnostyki.  Choroba nowotworowa rozpoznana w czasie trwania ciąży jest zawsze dramatyczną i ogromnie stresującą sytuacją dla kobiety i jej najbliższych, dlatego proces diagnostyki i leczenia jest silnie zindywidualizowany, zaś maksymalny efekt terapeutyczny z jednoczesną ochroną nienarodzonego dziecka stanowi priorytet działań. Podsumowanie:Decyzje terapeutyczne podejmowane są po uwzględnieniu ogólnego stanu zdrowia pacjentki, stopnia zaawansowania klinicznego nowotworu, wieku ciążowego oraz postulatów samej pacjentki i jej najbliższych.W niniejszej pracy, posługując się metodą analizy piśmiennictwa szczegółowo omówiono odmienności w procesie diagnostyki i leczenia raka piersi u kobiet ciężarnych.   Słowa kluczowe: rak piersi, ciąża, diagnostyka, leczenie   Breast cancer during pregnancy

  12. Reference air kerma and kerma-area product as estimators of peak skin dose for fluoroscopically guided interventions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kwon, Deukwoo; Little, Mark P.; Miller, Donald L.

    2011-01-01

    Purpose: To determine more accurate regression formulas for estimating peak skin dose (PSD) from reference air kerma (RAK) or kerma-area product (KAP). Methods: After grouping of the data from 21 procedures into 13 clinically similar groups, assessments were made of optimal clustering using the Bayesian information criterion to obtain the optimal linear regressions of (log-transformed) PSD vs RAK, PSD vs KAP, and PSD vs RAK and KAP. Results: Three clusters of clinical groups were optimal in regression of PSD vs RAK, seven clusters of clinical groups were optimal in regression of PSD vs KAP, and six clusters of clinical groups were optimal in regression of PSD vs RAK and KAP. Prediction of PSD using both RAK and KAP is significantly better than prediction of PSD with either RAK or KAP alone. The regression of PSD vs RAK provided better predictions of PSD than the regression of PSD vs KAP. The partial-pooling (clustered) method yields smaller mean squared errors compared with the complete-pooling method.Conclusion: PSD distributions for interventional radiology procedures are log-normal. Estimates of PSD derived from RAK and KAP jointly are most accurate, followed closely by estimates derived from RAK alone. Estimates of PSD derived from KAP alone are the least accurate. Using a stochastic search approach, it is possible to cluster together certain dissimilar types of procedures to minimize the total error sum of squares.

  13. Safety against releases in severe accidents. Annual report 1996. Project plan 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1997-01-01

    The work scope of the RAK-2 project is divided into three sub-projects: RAK-2.1 Severe Accident Phenomenology; RAK-2.2 Computerised Accident Management; RAK-2.3 Reactors In Nordic Surroundings. The work in subproject 1 progresses roughly according to budget and time schedule. Some adjustments in the technical work scope were made during 1996. Main tasks of RAK-2.1 in 1996: Complete recriticality studies for Nordic BWRs; Investigate phenomena related to late phase melt progression; Issue and NKS Final Technical Report on KTH experiments. Main tasks of RAK-2.2 in 1996: CAMS would be further developed with signal validation, tracking simulation, state identification and PSA and risk monitoring applications; Carry out a feasibility study for development of a PWR version of CAMS in collaboration with EdF, France; Use CAMS in the Halden Man-Machine laboratory to perform human factor studies. Main tasks of RAK-2.3 in 1996: Collect and report data from the British reactor types AGR, MAGNOX and PWR; Make a report on accidents in nuclear ships; Put the collected data together in a common data base covering neighbour reactors treated in SIK-3 and RAK-2.3; Update the data in the former SIK-3 report if needed. The work in project 2 progresses according to plans. The data collection of British reactors with in sub-project 3 has been delayed significantly due to difficulty of obtaining information from some of the British utilities, but the problems are expected to be solved by the end of 1997. (EG)

  14. Safety against releases in severe accidents. Annual report 1996. Project plan 1997; Saekerhet mot utslaepp vid reaktorhaverier. Aarsrapport 1996. Plans 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1997-01-01

    The work scope of the RAK-2 project is divided into three sub-projects: RAK-2.1 Severe Accident Phenomenology; RAK-2.2 Computerised Accident Management; RAK-2.3 Reactors In Nordic Surroundings. The work in subproject 1 progresses roughly according to budget and time schedule. Some adjustments in the technical work scope were made during 1996. Main tasks of RAK-2.1 in 1996: Complete recriticality studies for Nordic BWRs; Investigate phenomena related to late phase melt progression; Issue and NKS Final Technical Report on KTH experiments. Main tasks of RAK-2.2 in 1996: CAMS would be further developed with signal validation, tracking simulation, state identification and PSA and risk monitoring applications; Carry out a feasibility study for development of a PWR version of CAMS in collaboration with EdF, France; Use CAMS in the Halden Man-Machine laboratory to perform human factor studies. Main tasks of RAK-2.3 in 1996: Collect and report data from the British reactor types AGR, MAGNOX and PWR; Make a report on accidents in nuclear ships; Put the collected data together in a common data base covering neighbour reactors treated in SIK-3 and RAK-2.3; Update the data in the former SIK-3 report if needed. The work in project 2 progresses according to plans. The data collection of British reactors with in sub-project 3 has been delayed significantly due to difficulty of obtaining information from some of the British utilities, but the problems are expected to be solved by the end of 1997. (EG).

  15. CRITICALITY ANALYSIS OF URANIUM STORAGE FACILITY WITH FORMATION RACKS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sri Kuntjoro

    2017-03-01

    ANALISIS KRITIKALITAS DI FASILITAS PENYIMPANAN BAHAN URANIUM DENGAN FORMASI PENGATURAN RAK. Bahan uranium dibutuhkan untuk produksi bahan bakar reaktor penelitian dan radioisotop. Bahan uranium sebelum digunakan terlebih dahulu disimpan pada fasilitas penyimpanan. Salah satu prasyarat fasilitas penyimpanan bahan uranium adalah fasilitas tersebut harus dalam kondisi sub-kritis. Bila kondisi kritis terjadi mengakibatkan proses fissi pada bahan uranium tidak terkendali, sehingga akan menimbulkan suhu yang sangat tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa kondisi kritikalitas dari fasilitas penyimpanan bahan uranium yang berada di PT. INUKI (Persero untuk menjamin fasilitas tersebut dalam kondisi sub-kritis. Analisis kritikalitas dilakukan menggunakan program MCNP-5 untuk mengetahui tingkat kritikalitas dari tiga fasilitas penyimpanan bahan uranium untuk kondisi awal dan kondisi setelah ditambahkan rak penyimpanan. Untuk fasilitas penyimpanan 1 dan 2 dibuat tiga skenario pengaturan container pada rak penyimpanan, sedangkan pada fasilitas penyimpanan 3 dilakukan 1 skenario.  Hasil ini menunjukkan seluruh fasilitas penyimpanan pada kondisi awal dan setelah ditambah rak penyimpanan dalam kondisi sub-kritis (k-eff<1. Hasil tersebut selanjutnya dipergunakan sebagai dasar untuk menyusun manejemen pengelolaan bahan uranium. Selain itu juga digunakan sebagai dasar untuk pembuatan ijin dari badan pengawas (BAPETEN. Kata Kunci : kritikalitas, fasilitas penyimpanan berbahan uranium,  k-eff

  16. WE-E-18A-03: How Accurately Can the Peak Skin Dose in Fluoroscopy Be Determined Using Indirect Dose Metrics?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jones, A; Pasciak, A

    2014-01-01

    Purpose: Skin dosimetry is important for fluoroscopically-guided interventions, as peak skin doses (PSD) that Result in skin reactions can be reached during these procedures. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of different indirect dose estimates and to determine if PSD can be calculated within ±50% for embolization procedures. Methods: PSD were measured directly using radiochromic film for 41 consecutive embolization procedures. Indirect dose metrics from procedures were collected, including reference air kerma (RAK). Four different estimates of PSD were calculated and compared along with RAK to the measured PSD. The indirect estimates included a standard method, use of detailed information from the RDSR, and two simplified calculation methods. Indirect dosimetry was compared with direct measurements, including an analysis of uncertainty associated with film dosimetry. Factors affecting the accuracy of the indirect estimates were examined. Results: PSD calculated with the standard calculation method were within ±50% for all 41 procedures. This was also true for a simplified method using a single source-to-patient distance (SPD) for all calculations. RAK was within ±50% for all but one procedure. Cases for which RAK or calculated PSD exhibited large differences from the measured PSD were analyzed, and two causative factors were identified: ‘extreme’ SPD and large contributions to RAK from rotational angiography or runs acquired at large gantry angles. When calculated uncertainty limits [−12.8%, 10%] were applied to directly measured PSD, most indirect PSD estimates remained within ±50% of the measured PSD. Conclusions: Using indirect dose metrics, PSD can be determined within ±50% for embolization procedures, and usually to within ±35%. RAK can be used without modification to set notification limits and substantial radiation dose levels. These results can be extended to similar procedures, including vascular and interventional oncology

  17. Elucidating the roles of MAP kinases in the moss Physcomitrella patens

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Stanimirovic, Sabrina

    changes of plant immunity required for the conquest of land by plants. I describe the role of MPKs (MPK3, MPK5, RAK1 & double knockout RAK1/RAK2) upon abiotic stress by characterizing the phenotypes and morphological changes there may be during stress treatments. I characterized the mutant phenotypes...... during treatment with phytohormones and osmotic and light stress. This thesis contains of a general introduction to plant immunity and the role of MPKs in signaling processes related to immunity, abiotic stress, and plant development in both vascular and non-vascular plants. The focus in this thesis......-Acetyltransferase-Kinase). This thesis and work on these MPK mutants gives the laboratory a great start on several future publications, since many of the mutant lines have interesting phenotypes with and without exposure to abiotic stresses...

  18. Source term calculations - Ringhals 2 PWR

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Johansson, L.L.

    1998-02-01

    This project was performed within the fifth and final phase of sub-project RAK-2.1 of the Nordic Co-operative Reactor Safety Program, NKS.RAK-2.1 has also included studies of reflooding of degraded core, recriticality and late phase melt progression. Earlier source term calculations for Swedish nuclear power plants are based on the integral code MAAP. A need was recognised to compare these calculations with calculations done with mechanistic codes. In the present work SCDAP/RELAP5 and CONTAIN were used. Only limited results could be obtained within the frame of RAK-2.1, since many problems were encountered using the SCDAP/RELAP5 code. The main obstacle was the extremely long execution times of the MOD3.1 version, but also some dubious fission product calculations. However, some interesting results were obtained for the studied sequence, a total loss of AC power. The report describes the modelling approach for SCDAP/RELAP5 and CONTAIN, and discusses results for the transient including the event of a surge line creep rupture. The study will probably be completed later, providing that an improved SCDAP/RELAP5 code version becomes available. (au) becomes available. (au)

  19. Source term calculations - Ringhals 2 PWR. Interim report

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Johansson, Lise-Lotte

    1998-03-01

    This project was performed within the fifth and final phase of sub-project RAK-2.1 of the Nordic Co-operative Reactor Safety Program, NKS. RAK-2.1 has also included studies of reflooding of degraded core, recriticality and late phase melt progression. Earlier source term calculations for Swedish nuclear power plants are based on the integral code MAAP. A need was recognised to compare these calculations with calculations done with mechanistic codes. In the present work SCDAP/RELAP5 and CONTAIN were used. Only limited results could be obtained within the frame of RAK-2.1, since many problems were encountered using the SCDAP/RELAP5 code. The main obstacle was the extremely long execution times of the MOD3.1 version, but also some dubious fission product calculations. However, some interesting results were obtained for the studied sequence, a total loss of AC power. The report describes the modelling approach for SCDAP/RELAP5 and CONTAIN, and discusses results for the transient including the event of a surge line creep rupture. The study will probably be completed later, providing that an improved SCDAP/RELAP5 code version becomes available 8 refs, 16 figs, 5 tabs

  20. Eesti riikliku arengukava koostamise kogemus = The experience in drawing up the Estonian National Development Plan - Single Programming Document / Kadri Reinthal

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Reinthal, Kadri

    2004-01-01

    Inglise k. lk. 101-103. Rahandusministeeriumi välisfinantseerimise osakonna juhataja dokumendi "Eesti riiklik arengukava Euroopa Liidu struktuurifondide kasutuselevõtuks - ühtne programmdokument 2004-2006" (RAK) koostamisest

  1. Dowling–Degos disease with reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura: Extended spectrum of a single entity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shyam Govind Rathoriya

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Dowling–Degos disease (DDD and reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura (RAK are rare genodermatoses inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with variable penetrance. They are considered to be part of a spectrum of reticulate pigmentary dermatoses, characterized by the presence of hyperpigmented macules coalescing in a reticular fashion. The authors describe a 28-year-old male patient having hyperpigmented macules on the axillae, neck and face, reticulate acropigmentation of dorsum of the hands, forearms and feet, palmar pitting, and comedo-like lesions over back. The patient showed the unique clinical as well as histopathological overlap of both the rare diseases (DDD and RAK, substantiating the hypothesis that they represent two different features of a single entity with variable phenotypic expression.

  2. Journal of Biosciences | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Journal of Biosciences; Volume 39; Issue 3 ... International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 ... Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141 027, India; RAK College of Agriculture, ...

  3. Protein Kinases in Human Breast Carcinoma

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Cane, William

    1998-01-01

    .... Rak is a novel nuclear tyrosine that our group has identified in breast cancer tissues and cell lines that has structural homology to the Src tyrosine kinase, with SH2 and SH3 domains at its amino terminus...

  4. Summary of approaches to dynamic analysis of man-machine interaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hollnagel, E.

    1995-05-01

    The present report was commissioned as a study under the first phase of the NKS/RAK-1, Sub-project 3. The topic of this sub-project is integrated sequence analysis with emphasis on human-system interaction. The report provides the following: a presentation of the principles of dynamic event analysis (joint system simulation), a short survey and characterisation of the main existing systems, and a recommendation of concepts and techniques in relation to the aims of the NKS/RAK-1 project. It is intended that the recommendations shall be used as part of the further planning of the subproject. The work reported here is an extension of the presentation that was given at the first NKS meeting on August 26, 1994. The work has been carried out by Human Reliability Associates, Ltd., in the period October-November, 1994. (au) 20 refs

  5. Synthesis and functionalization of persistent luminescence nanoparticles with small molecules and evaluation of their targeting ability.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maldiney, Thomas; Byk, Gerardo; Wattier, Nicolas; Seguin, Johanne; Khandadash, Raz; Bessodes, Michel; Richard, Cyrille; Scherman, Daniel

    2012-02-14

    We have recently reported the design and use of inorganic nanoparticles with persistent luminescence properties. Such nanoparticles can be excited with a UV lamp for 2min and emit light in the near-infrared area for dozen of minutes without any further excitation. This property is of particular interest for small animal optical imaging, since it avoids the autofluorescence of endogenous fluorophores which is one major problem encountered when using fluorescent probes. We report herein the synthesis of persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) and their functionalization with two small targeting molecules: biotin and Rak-2. We provide characterization of each PLNP as well as preliminary evidence of the ability of PLNP-PEG-Biotin to target streptavidin and PLNP-PEG-Rak-2 to bind prostate cancer cells in vitro. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  6. Summary of approaches to dynamic analysis of man-machine interaction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hollnagel, E [Human Reliability Analysis Ltd. (United Kingdom)

    1995-05-01

    The present report was commissioned as a study under the first phase of the NKS/RAK-1, Sub-project 3. The topic of this sub-project is integrated sequence analysis with emphasis on human-system interaction. The report provides the following: a presentation of the principles of dynamic event analysis (joint system simulation), a short survey and characterisation of the main existing systems, and a recommendation of concepts and techniques in relation to the aims of the NKS/RAK-1 project. It is intended that the recommendations shall be used as part of the further planning of the subproject. The work reported here is an extension of the presentation that was given at the first NKS meeting on August 26, 1994. The work has been carried out by Human Reliability Associates, Ltd., in the period October-November, 1994. (au) 20 refs.

  7. Effectiveness of a web-based personalized rheumatoid arthritis risk tool with or without a health educator for knowledge of RA risk factors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Prado, Maria G; Iversen, Maura D; Yu, Zhi; Miller Kroouze, Rachel; Triedman, Nellie A; Kalia, Sarah S; Lu, Bing; Green, Robert C; Karlson, Elizabeth W; Sparks, Jeffrey A

    2018-01-05

    To assess knowledge of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk factors among unaffected first-degree relatives (FDRs) and to study whether a personalized RA education tool increases risk factor knowledge. We performed a randomized controlled trial assessing RA educational interventions among 238 FDRs. The web-based Personalized Risk Estimator for RA (PRE-RA) tool displayed personalized RA risk results (genetics, autoantibodies, demographics, and behaviors) and educated about risk factors. Subjects were randomly assigned to: Comparison arm (standard RA education, n=80), PRE-RA arm (PRE-RA alone, n=78), or PRE-RA Plus arm (PRE-RA and a one-on-one session with a trained health educator, n=80). The RA Knowledge Score (RAKS, the number of 8 established RA risk factors identified as related to RA) was calculated at baseline and post-education (immediate/6 weeks/6 months/12 months). We compared RAKS and its components at each post-education point by randomization arm. At baseline before education, few FDRs identified behavioral RA risk factors (15.9% for dental health, 31.9% for smoking, 47.5% for overweight/obesity, and 54.2% for diet). After education, RAKS increased in all arms, higher in PRE-RA and PRE-RA Plus than Comparison at all post-education points (peducation (proportion agreeing smoking is a risk factor at 6 weeks: 83.1% in PRE-RA Plus arm, 71.8% in PRE-RA, and 43.1% in Comparison arms, peducation tool successfully increased RA risk factor knowledge. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  8. Felix Nussbaumi muuseum Osnabrückis (Saksamaa) / Triin Ojari

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Ojari, Triin, 1974-

    1999-01-01

    1998. a. valminud muuseum on pühendatud juudi maalikunstnikule Felix Nussbaumile. Arhitekt Daniel Libeskind. Juurdeehitus vanale Osnabrücki Rahvakunsti Muuseumist ja Ajaloomuuseumist koosnevale kompleksile. Omapäraks on hoone erikujulistesse seintesse lõikuvad erikujulised aknad ja ahtad koridorid, mis peavad meenutama holokausti õudust.

  9. Maailma kaunid aiad : Nymans'i aed / Ann Tenno

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Tenno, Ann, 1952-

    2004-01-01

    Nymans'i aia Inglismaal rajas 1885. a. Ludwig Messel ning kujundas seda koos oma poja Leonard Messeliga. Aed on tuntud haruldaste puude ja põõsaste rohkuse poolest, aia omapäraks on kerakujuliseks pöetud ja väljalõigatud siiludega jugapuud. 19 ill

  10. Королевские игры / Тамара Унанова

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Унанова, Тамара 1951-

    2009-01-01

    19. nov. Tallinnas Nokia kontserdimajas etendunud rahvusvahelisest balletiprogrammist "Tantsukuningad - Kings of Dance maailmatuur 2009". Käesoleva tuuri eripäraks on uus programm, millesse kuuluvad Nacho Duato, Jose Limoni, Frederick Ashtoni, Gabriel Faure, Christopher Wheeldoni, Roland Petit, Leonid Jakobsoni, Boris Eifmani tööd. Produtsent Sergei Daniljan

  11. 76 FR 45508 - Polyethylene Terephthalate Film, Sheet and Strip From the United Arab Emirates: Extension of Time...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-07-29

    ... Film, Sheet and Strip From the United Arab Emirates: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary Results of... polyethylene terephthalate film, sheet and strip from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for the period November 01... producer and/or exporter of the subject merchandise to the United States: JBF RAK LLC (JBF). Extension of...

  12. Seminar proceedings. Seminar on piping reliability

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1997-10-01

    The international seminar brought together the disciplines of probabilistic safety assessment and probabilistic fracture mechanics. The work performed by the joint Nordic Nuclear Safety Research Project NKS/RAK 1.2 and the SLAP project was presented the first day. The second was mainly devoted to the integration of the two disciplines. 11 contributions have been separately indexed.

  13. Seminar proceedings. Seminar on piping reliability

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1997-10-01

    The international seminar brought together the disciplines of probabilistic safety assessment and probabilistic fracture mechanics. The work performed by the joint Nordic Nuclear Safety Research Project NKS/RAK 1.2 and the SLAP project was presented the first day. The second was mainly devoted to the integration of the two disciplines. 11 contributions have been separately indexed

  14. Maksumaksjate liit ei toeta maksukoormuse tõusu / Lasse Lehis

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Lehis, Lasse, 1972-

    2009-01-01

    Eesti Maksumaksjate Liidu seisukohtadest muudatuste tegemise kohta Eesti maksusüsteemis. Lisa: Maksumaksjate liit teeb ettepaneku vähendada maksuintressi määra (EML pressiteade 19. 01. 2009 ; Lehis, Lasse. Maksuvõla ajatamisel intressimääraks null ; Rahandusministri vastus seaduseelnõu algatamise ettepaneku kohta 9. 02. 2009). Vt. ka: http://www.maksumaksjad.ee/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=688.

  15. Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Industri Tahu sebagai Pupuk Cair Organik terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Kangkung Darat (Ipomoea Reptans Poir)

    OpenAIRE

    Aliyenah, Aliyenah; A Napoleon, A Napoleon; Yudono, Bambang

    2015-01-01

    Penelitian tentang Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Industri Tahu Sebagai Pupuk Cair Organik Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Kangkung Darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir) ini telah dilaksanakan pada Ja-nuari - Maret 2013. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan limbah cair industri tahu agar dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk cair organik untuk tanaman kangkung darat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan meng-gunakan Rancang Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan perlakuan konsentrasi pupuk cair organik dari ...

  16. Työntekijän opas lapsen rakkaudelliseen kohtaamiseen Helsingin Diakonissalaitoksen intensiivihoidossa

    OpenAIRE

    Cacho, Janika

    2014-01-01

    TIIVISTELMÄ Cacho, Janika. Työntekijän opas lapsen rakkaudelliseen kohtaamiseen Helsingin Diakonissalaitoksen intensiivihoidossa. Kevät 2014, 73s., 2 liitteitä. Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulu, Sosiaalialan koulutusohjelma, Kristillisen lapsi- ja nuorisotyön suuntautumisvaihtoehto, sosionomi (AMK) + kirkon nuorisotyöntekijän virkakelpoisuus. Opinnäytetyöni tavoitteena oli tuottaa opas, joka tarjoaisi Helsingin Diakonissalaitoksen intensiivihoidon työntekijöille tietoa lapsen rak...

  17. Master catalogue of foreign reports on the safety of nuclear installations and radiological protection, kept at Federal Office for Radiation Protection on behalf of the Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1993-02-01

    The literature is sent to the Federal Ministry of the Environment (BWU) by foreign institutes or organizations within the framework of bilateral agreements. The reports and documents dealing with radiation protection and the safety of nuclear installations are retrievable from the catalogue by author/title or serial title. The bibliographic description of literature items follows the alphabetical cataloging rules (RAK-WAB). (orig./DG) [de

  18. Korzyści karmienia piersią dla matki

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Magdalena Gibas-Dorna

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Powszechnie wiadomo, że karmienie piersią pozytywnie wpływa na zdrowie dziecka oraz jego rozwój intelek‑ tualny. światowa Organizacja Zdrowia (World Health Organization, WHO zaleca rozpoczęcie karmienia piersią od pierwszej godziny po porodzie i jego kontynuację przez okres co najmniej 6 miesięcy, a w miarę urozmaicania diety dziecka rekomenduje utrzymanie tego sposobu żywienia mniej więcej do 2. roku życia, traktując mleko matki jako najlepszy jakościowo pokarm uzupełniający. Coraz częściej podkreśla się protek‑ cyjną rolę karmienia naturalnego w rozwoju różnych chorób u matek oraz potencjalne skutki unikania prze‑ dłużonej laktacji. Wydaje się, że korzyści dla matki mają charakter wczesny (podczas połogu oraz długofa‑ lowy. Tuż po porodzie karmienie piersią przyspiesza obkurczanie macicy, zapobiega nadmiernej utracie krwi, chroni przed niedokrwistością z niedoboru żelaza, przeciwdziała wystąpieniu depresji poporodowej, umacnia więź matka – dziecko oraz poprawia zaburzoną w tym okresie jakość snu. Korzyści długofalowe wiążą się z obniżeniem ryzyka wystąpienia niektórych chorób nowotworowych (rak sutka, rak endometrium, rak jajni‑ ka, chorób sercowo‑naczyniowych (choroba niedokrwienna serca, nadciśnienie tętnicze, zaburzeń metabo‑ licznych (cukrzyca, nietolerancja glukozy, otyłość, hiperlipidemia, hiperinsulinemia, reumatoidalnego zapa‑ lenia stawów czy osteoporozy. Przedłużenie okresu laktacji i karmienia piersią ma również wymierną korzyść ekonomiczną i stanowi darmową naturalną antykoncepcję. Poniższa praca podsumowuje aktualny stan wie‑ dzy na temat wpływu karmienia piersią na zdrowie matek karmiących.

  19. Itaalia pööraks Prodiga pilgu enam Euroopasse / Erkki Bahovski

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Bahovski, Erkki, 1970-

    2006-01-01

    10. aprillil Itaalias toimunud parlamendivalimistest: uksesuuküsitluste andmetel on vasaktsentristide juht Romano Prodi saamas 50-54 protsenti valijate häältest. Lisa: Võidukursil vasaktsentristid

  20. Benzinárak földrajzi meghatározása

    OpenAIRE

    Békés, Gábor; Koren, Miklós; Zsohár, Péter

    2011-01-01

    The theory of geographical markets is based on the notion that economic activity is not evenly spread and regional inequalities have an impact on the decisions of economic agents. Retail gasoline markets are almost perfect examples of geographical markets. The gasoline sold by the stations is a fairly homogeneous good and hence, stations compete for customers locally only. In this study we analyze how market structure, geographical attributes and in particular, demand will influence prices. O...

  1. Erste Erfahrungen mit RDA an wissenschaftlichen Universalbibliotheken in Deutschland - Ergebnisse aus Fokusgruppengesprächen mit Katalogisierenden

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Heidrun Wiesenmüller

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Einige Monate nach dem Umstieg auf das neue Regelwerk "Resource Description and Access" (RDA wurden an 18 großen deutschen wissenschaftlichen Universalbibliotheken Fokusgruppengespräche mit Katalogisierererinnen und Katalogisierern durchgeführt. Die Katalogisierenden wurden u.a. befragt, wie sicher sie sich bei der Anwendung von RDA fühlen, was sie am neuen Regelwerk gut oder schlecht finden, wie sie den Aufwand im Vergleich zum früheren Regelwerk RAK einschätzen, welche Informations- und Hilfsmittel sie verwenden und wie sie zu den regelmäßigen Änderungen im Standard stehen. Der vorliegende Aufsatz dokumentiert die Ergebnisse der Gespräche.   Several months after the introduction of the new cataloging standard "Resource Description and Access" (RDA, focus-group interviews with catalogers were conducted at 18 large academic and state libraries in Germany. Among other things, the catalogers were asked how confident they feel in applying RDA, which aspects of the new cataloging code they like or do not like, how they estimate the expenditure of time in comparison to the former cataloging code RAK, which sources they use to get help or information, and what they think about the frequent changes to the new standard. The paper presents the results of these interviews.

  2. Penggunaan Jamur Antagonis Trichoderma SP. Dan Gliocladium SP. Untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Layu Fusarium Pada Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium Ascalonicum L.)

    OpenAIRE

    Arie Ramadhina, Arie Ramadhina; Lisnawita, Lisnawita; Lubis, Lahmuddin

    2013-01-01

    The use of antagonism fungus of Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium sp. for controlling wilt(Fusarium oxysporum) in red onion plants. The aim of the research was to know the effectiviness ofantagonism fungus of Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium sp. in controlling wilt in red onion plants.The research used non-factorial RAK (random group design) with eight treatments: control, 10grams of F. oxysporum, 12 grams of Trichoderma sp., 18 grams of Trichoderma sp., 24 grams ofTrichoderma sp., and 12 grams ...

  3. Aphanomyces astaci w Europie wyeliminował populację raków z ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    user

    2013-10-30

    Oct 30, 2013 ... species is a smaller and less frequently encountered genera of the .... studies by Czeczuga et al., (2004a; b) in fish eggs of. European Whitefish ... crayfish, and also fish which are currently endangered in Europe and specially.

  4. Rancang Bangun Alat Pengering Klanting Tipe Rak dengan Sumber Panas Kompor Listrik

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hardanto

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Klanting is a cassava products that one of special food from Banyumas residence besides Gethuk goreng and Mendoan. Problem from produced of klanting is in drying process of raw material. IKM in Banyumas residence still has been using a conventional method. It use sunshine to dry the product, so it make capacities of klanting production became decrease in rainy season. Aims of the research were: (1 to design the rack dryer equipment for klanting with heat source from electric-stove, (2 to study performance of the equipment. This research used three steps, the steps were: (1 design of dryer equipment, include: functional and structural design, (2 dryer equipment manufacturing, and (3 performance test of dryer equipment include: functional test, reliability test, test without burden and test with burden. Design and manufacture of the equipment was processed in Agricultural Mechanization laboratory, Agricultural Faculty, Jendral Soedirman University. Furthermore, it was tested in UKM Sari Murni, Tamansari village, District Of Karanglewas, Banyumas residence. Result of the research showed that as a functional and structural design it is can operate with dimensions are, length 144 cm, wide 80 cm, and high 100 cm. At performances test without burden showed that the lowest draining in 370C, highest 470C, air stream at inlet equal 6.24x10-2m3/s, air stream exhaust 0.36x10- 2m3/s, while amount energy the required is 0.945 kW. The result of performances test with burden showed that total dryer capacities are 15.00 kg with mean capacities equal to 1.501 kg, lowest temperature in 310C, while highest temperature in 380C, air stream at inlet equal is 6.24x10-2 m3/s, air stream exhaust is 0.224x10-2 m3/s, while amount of energy required to dry klanting is 2.52 kW. Whereas water content of klanting dried by appliance is 28.21%bb or 39.52% bk from water content initial 56.15%bb.

  5. Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Study of Tud-Rak-Ka-Sai-Puu Recipe ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    No defects of animal behavior were observed in the test groups. Both test and control groups (on the 90th day) as well as the satellite group (on the 118th day) were analyzed by measuring their final body and organ weights, taking necropsy, and examining hematology, blood clinical chemistry, and microanatomy.

  6. Pentingnya Tracer Sebagai Kartu Pelacak Berkas Rekam Medis Keluar dari Rak Penyimpanan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Savitri Citra Budi

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available The availability of medical record quickly and accurately when needed will greatly help the quality of health care provided to patients. If the medical record filing system were poor then there will be problems that can interfere with the availability of medical record. In the case of medical record filing system, the staffs at Dlingo I Bantul community health center do not using tracer to mark the medical records that were out from storage. This will have an impact on the wrong location, misfile, and complicates the return of medical record in the right order. Method used in this community service was the diffusion of science and technology to design the tracer which is suitable for use in Dlingo I Bantul community health centers. Furthermore, the training was also implemented, started with counseling. Community service was running smoothly. At first, the tracer was not used as a tracker and a guidance of medical record which was out from the storage. After counseling and training, the staffs finally realized that it is necessary to use tracer.

  7. Kajian Sifat Kimia Tanah, Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Padi (Oryiza sativa L.) Pada Tanah Sulfat Masam Potensial Akibat Pemberian Kompos Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dan Pupuk SP-36

    OpenAIRE

    Tambunan, Sri Wahyuni

    2013-01-01

    This research aims to compost give effect empty palm bunch studies and fertilizer SP-36 to improve chemistry characteristic, growing and rice production (Oryza sativa L.) in acidic sulfate soil. This research was conducted in greenhouse agricultural departments, universities northern Sumatra, Medan. This study used a randomized block design (RAK) factorial, with 2 factors: factor 1: compost TKS treatment factor (B) are : B0 = 0 ton ha-1 (0 g TKS/pot) ; B1 = 10 ton ha-1 (40 g TKS/pot); B2 = 20...

  8. İzmir Körfezi'nde Barbunya (Mullus barbatus, L., 1758 Balığının Üreme Özellikleri.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gülnur Metin

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Barbunya (Mullus barbatus, İzmir Körfezi’nin en önemli demersal balık türlerinden biridir. GSI değerine göre üremenin Mayıs ayında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bir dişinin bir defada bıraktığı yumurta miktarının, 1923 ile 13600 adet/birey arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Sulanmış yumurta yöntemine göre, bir defada bırakılan yumurta miktarı-total boy arasındaki ilişki; F=0,0002L6,5341, R2= 0,66 ve bir defada bırakılan yumurta miktarı- ağırlık arasındaki ilişki ise, F= 0,3504W-4,8279 R2= 0,715 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Olgunlaşmış yumurta çapları, 0,61-0,72mm ve yağ damlası çapları, 0,19-0,22 mm arasında değişim göstermektedir. İlk üreme boyu, total boy olarak dişiler için 14,2 cm ve erkekler için 12,4 cm olarak hesaplanmıştır

  9. Autori egiziani degli anni Duemila. Blogosfera, graphic e postmoderno: nuovi linguaggi nel panorama letterario arabo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lucia Avallone

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The first decade of the new millennium represents a crucial change for Egyptian civil society and its means of expression. This paper presents a brief overview of some new narrative forms developed in those years that were a prelude to the movement of revolt against Mubārak and his establishment. Short and long tales adapted from blogs, graphic and postmodern novels related to the web environment suggest that the free public cyberspace hosts voices of new cultural trends and is a workshop for literary creativity.

  10. Connectivity-Based Reliable Multicast MAC Protocol for IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Woo-Yong Choi

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available We propose the efficient reliable multicast MAC protocol based on the connectivity information among the recipients. Enhancing the BMMM (Batch Mode Multicast MAC protocol, the reliable multicast MAC protocol significantly reduces the RAK (Request for ACK frame transmissions in a reasonable computational time and enhances the MAC performance. By the analytical performance analysis, the throughputs of the BMMM protocol and our proposed MAC protocol are derived. Numerical examples show that our proposed MAC protocol increases the reliable multicast MAC performance for IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs.

  11. Nora Särak: kõige suurem katsumus on iseenda usaldamine / intervjueerinud Katariina Rebane

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Särak, Nora

    2016-01-01

    Kevadel Balti filmi- ja meediakooli magistriõppe lõpetanud Nora Säraku lõputööna valminud lühidokumentaalfilm "Valguseks/Valguseni/Valgusena" Petseris elavatest eestlastest pälvis Eesti Kultuurkapitali Audiovisuaalse kunsti sihtkapitali aastapreemia ning film valiti aasta dokumentaalfilmiks. Intervjuu Nora Särakuga

  12. RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENGERING TIPE RAK DENGAN SYSTEM HYBRID UNTUK USAHA PISANG SALE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muhammad Makky

    2008-09-01

    A rack type solar dryer has build with a secondary heat source using gas fireplace. The rack build from light material using fickle timber and aluminums made it become portable. The dryer build with a knock down system, so it can be assemble and disassemble to reposition it in area with better solar recipient. Total weight of this dryer is only 32 kg and consists of four major parts. The first part is solar collector, height 22 cm, width 85 cm and length 187 cm at an angle of 5o to the horizontal axle. The solar collector constructed in wave shape to maximize the acceptance area of solar ray. The collector builds in a glass house frame to optimize the heat dissipation so it can reach Working temperature of 65oC. The fireplace was the second part, and made from rust proof steel. It has dimension of 85 cm width, 65 cm length and 22 cm height. The fireplace filled with 6 liters sand to maximize heat collect from the stove. The stove was the third part; consist of a gas stove and a 5 kg gas tube. The stove can be turn on in rainy day or at night as an alternative heat source for drying process. The tube contain of 3 kg gas that can fuel the stove for 60 hours. The last part was the drying rack with 360 liters volume. It has five cabinets and can fill up to 1500 pieces of dried banana. The rack equipped with a shell type door to simplify the containing process.

  13. Pengaruh Jumlah Tanaman Per Lubang terhadap Vigor Benih Tiga Varietas Sorgum (Sorghum Bicolor [L].Moench) dengan Metode Pengusangan Cepat (MPC)

    OpenAIRE

    Purnamasari, Lidya; Pramono, Eko; Kamal, M

    2015-01-01

    The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the number of plants per hole on seed vigor of all sorghum varieties. Experiment is prepared by treatment with randomized block design (RAK) and repeated three times to do to achieve that goal. The first factor is the number of plants per hole that is 1 plant / hole (p1), 2 plants / hole (p2), 3 plants / holes (p3), and 4 plants / hole (p4). The second factor is the variety Numbu (g1), Keller (g2), and Wray (g3). The seed that had been harve...

  14. Mammographic appearance of the male breast cancer; Rak sutka u mezczyzn w badaniu mammograficznym

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Iwaszkiewicz, K. [Akademia Medyczna, Warsaw (Poland)

    1993-12-31

    Radiological criteria of differentiation of the breast cancer (4 cases) with other benign breast diseases especially gynecomastia has been presented on the basis of mammographies performed on 61 men. (author). 11 refs, 4 figs.

  15. Kinerja Pengeringan Gabah Menggunakan Alat Pengering Tipe Rak dengan Energi Surya, Biomassa, dan Kombinasi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tamaria Panggabean

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Paddy drying was performed using a hybrid drier utilizing solar energy, biomass and combined solar-biomass energy as energy sources. This research objective was to evaluate performance of the hybrid paddy drier using solar energy and paddy straw and coconut coir biomass. The experimental and descriptive method was used. The result showed that the drier with solar system was capable to generate temperature of drying chamber to 40.42 °C in average, while the average relative humidity was 41.45%. The paddys final moisture was 14.88%w.b after 7 hours of drying with drying rate of 0.64% d.b/h and energy consumption of 32,595.32 kJ. Paddy drying with biomass energy system was capable to obtain drying chambers temperature of 33.8 °C in average, the average relative humidity of 57%, the final moisture of 15.57%, the drying rate of 0.50 %d.b/h and energy consumption of 160,662.15 kJ with the same drying times. The solar-biomass drying system was capable to achieve temperature of 39.98 °C, the average relative humidity of 45.85 %, the final moisture of 15.33%w.b with drying rate of 0.55 %d.b/h and energy consumption of 136,457.76 kJ. Therefore, the best performance for drying paddys was with the solar drying system.   ABSTRAK Pengeringan gabah dapat dilakukan menggunakan alat pengering energi surya, energi biomassa dan energi kombinasi surya dan biomassa.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kinerja alat pengering gabah hybrid energi surya dan biomassa jerami padi dan sabut kelapa.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental dan deskritif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengeringan gabah dengan energi surya menghasilkan suhu ruang pengering rata-rata 40,42 °C, kelembaban relatif ruang pengering rata-rata 41,45 %, waktu pengeringan 7 jam, kadar air akhir rata-rata 14,88 %bb, laju pengeringan rata-rata 0,64 %bk/jam, dan energi pengering 32.595,32 kJ.  Pengeringan gabah dengan energi biomassa menghasilkan suhu ruang pengering rata-rata 33,8 °C, kelembaban relatif ruang pengering rata-rata 57 %, waktu pengeringan 7 jam, kadar air akhir rata-rata 15,57 %bb, laju pengeringan rata-rata 0,50 %bk/jam, dan energi pengering 160.662,15 kJ. Pengeringan gabah dengan energi kombinasi surya dan biomassa menghasilkan suhu ruang pengering rata-rata 39,98 °C, kelembaban relatif ruang pengering rata-rata 45,85 %, waktu pengeringan 7 jam, kadar air akhir rata-rata 15,33 %, laju pengeringan rata-rata 0,55 %bk/jam, dan energi pengering 136.457,76 kJ.  Kinerja yang diperoleh alat pengering terbaik menggunakan energi surya dengan kadar air akhir sebesar 14,88%bb, laju pengeringan 0,64 %bk/jam dan kebutuhan energi pengeringan 32.595,32 kJ.

  16. The coordination function (SAM) of the NKS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    NKS (Nordic Nuclear Safety Research) is a cooperative body in nuclear safety, radiation protection and emergency preparedness. Its purpose is to carry out cost-effective Nordic projects, thus producing research results, exercises, information, recommendations, manuals etc., to be used by decision makers and other concerned staff members at authorities and within the nuclear industry. The following major fields of research have been identified: reactor safety; radioactive waste; radioecology; emergency preparedness; and information issues. One project (RAK-1) is dedicated to reactor safety strategies: how to avoid serious accidents. A parallel project (RAK-2) deals with minimizing releases in case of an accident. All Nordic countries have long-lived low and medium level radioactive waste that requires final disposal. One project (AFA-1) addresses that issue. Environmental impact of radioactive releases is studied in two radioecology projects. The project on marine radioecology, including sediment research (EKO-1), encompasses sampling, analysis and modeling. These are also key issues in the project on long ecological half-lives in semi-natural systems (EKO-2). The transfer of radioactive cesium and strontium in the chains soil - vegetation - sheep and mushroom - roe deer is studied, along with freshwater systems. Long-term doses to main is the ultimate output from the obtained models. Another aspect of environmental impact is emergency preparedness. A recently started project, EKO-5, addresses the issue of early planning for cleanup operations following a fallout. 'Early' in this context means within the first three weeks. Some of the technical projects involve contacts or cooperation with countries in eastern Europe and international support programs in the region. (EG)

  17. Yabani Baklagil Bitkilerinden, Mikrobiyal Gübre Olarak Kullanılan Rhizobium Spp. Bakterilerinin İzolasyonu

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hatice Öğütcü

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Araştırmamızda kullanılan yabani baklagil bitkileri ( Medicago sativa, M.lupulina ve M. varia Erzurum iline ait yüksek rakımlı (2000-2500m bölgelerden (Palandöken dağı, Alibaba dağı, Turnagöl dağı, Hasanbaba dağı, Eğerli dağı, Yıldırım dağı, Çubuklu dağı, Deveboynu mevkii, Kayakyolu mevkii, Telsizler tepesi ve Dumlu tepesi Haziran ve Temmuz aylarında toplandı. Bu bitkilerden elde edilen nodüller steril edilerek YMA (Yeast Mannitol Agar plaklarına çizgi ekim yapıldı ve petriler 28+1ºC’de 3-5 gün süreyle inkübasyona bırakıldı. İnkübasyon süresi sonunda oluşan tipik koloniler oluşturan (beyaz, saydam veya hafif mat, mukozlu, yuvarlak, kabarık 39 izolat seçilerek yatık YMA tüplerine aktarıldı ve buzdolabında +4ºC’de muhafaza edildi. Sonraki aşamada bu izolatlar sitolojik ve biyokimyasal analizlerle tanımlanmaya çalışıldı. Bu amaçla izolatlar; Brom Thymol Mavili ve Kongo Kırmızılı YMA’da üreme, gram özelliği, hareket, katalaz ve oksidaz testlerine tabi tutularak değerlendirildi. Yapılan sitolojik ve biyokimyasal analizler sonucunda elde edilen 39 izolatın 28’inin Rhizobium spp. olduğu tespit edildi.

  18. Coolability of degraded core under reflooding conditions in Nordic boiling water reactors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lindholm, I; Pekkarinen, E [VTT Energy, Espoo (Finland); Nilsson, L [Studsvik EcoSafe AB, Nykoeping (Sweden); Sjoevall, H [Teollisuuden Voima Oy, Olkiluoto (Finland)

    1995-09-01

    Present work is part of the first phase of subproject RAK-2.1 of the new Nordic Co-operative Reactor Safety Program, NKS. The first phase comprises reflooding calculations for the boiling water reactors (BWRs) TVO I/II in Finland and Forsmark 3 in Sweden, as a continuation of earlier severe accident analyses which were made in the SIK-2 project. The objective of the core reflooding studies is to evaluate when and how the core is still coolable with water and what are the probable consequences of water cooling. In the following phase of the RAK-2.1 project, recriticality studies will be performed. Conditions for recriticality might occur if control rods have melted away with the fuel rods intact in a shape that critical conditions can be created in reflooding with insufficiently borated water. Core coolability was investigated for two reference plants, TVO I/II and Forsmark 3. The selected accident cases were anticipated station blackout with or without successful depressurization of reactor coolant system (RCS). The effects of the recovery of emergency core cooling (ECC) were studied by varying the starting time of core reflooding. The start of ECC systems were assigned to reaching a maximum cladding temperature: 1400 K, 1600 K, 1800 K and 2000 K in the core. Cases with coolant injection through the downcomer were studied for TVO I/II and both downcomer injection and core top spray were investigated for Forsmark 3. Calculations with three different computer codes: MAAP 4, MELCOR 1.8.3 and SCDA/RELAP5/MOD 3.1 for the basis for the presented reflooding studies. Presently, and experimental programme on core reflooding phenomena has been started in Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe in QUENCH test facility. (EG) 17 refs.

  19. PENGGUNAAN MERK NILON YANG BERBEDA PADA LALANGIT (Horizontal gillnet TERHADAP HASIL TANGKAPAN IKAN BETOK (Anabas testudineus (THE USE OF MARQUE NYLON DIFFERENT ON LALANGIT (Horizontal Gillnet AGAINST THE CATCH FISH BETOK (Anabas Testudineus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Siti Aminah

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available Tujuan dari Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui (1 deskripsi lalat tangkap Lalangit yang biasa digunakan, (2 jumlah hasil tangkapan (catch yang diperoleh dari perbedaan beberapa merk nilon yang digunakan, (3 merk nilon yang terbaik sebagai bahan material lalangit (horizontal gillnet.  Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK dengan 6 perlakuan yaitu 6 jenis merk nilon yang berbeda.  Dari hasil penelitian   diperoleh jumlah hasil tangkapan yang paling banyak pada Lalangit yang menggunakan nilon merk damyl memperoleh jumlah hasil tangkapan sebanyak 50 ekor dengan berat total 1.728 gram,karena dari segi konstruksi atau bahan materialnya lembut yang menyebabkan hasil tangkapan tidak mudah meloloskan diri dari jaring karena ke elastisitasan dan warna biru dari nilon dapat menyerupai kondisi perairan sehingga ikan mudah tertipu keadaan daerah perairan tersebut dan didapatkan hasil tangkapan yang optimal. The purpose of this research is to know (1 the description of the commonly used lalangit, (2 the amount of the catch (catch are obtained from the difference in some brands of nylon that is used, (3 brands of nylon materials as the best lalangit (horizontal gillnet. The research method used was Random Design Group (RAK with 6 treatments IE 6 types of different brands of nylon. Of research results obtained the most number of catches a lot on Lalangit using the brand damyl earn 50 catches the tail with a total weight of 1.728 gram, because in terms of construction or its material soft materials that cause the catch is not easy to escape from nets due to elastisitasan and the blue color of nylon can resemble aquatic conditions so that the gullible fish State of the waters and the obtained results the optimal catch.

  20. Fully synthetic phage-like system for screening mixtures of small molecules in live cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Byk, Gerardo; Partouche, Shirly; Weiss, Aryeh; Margel, Shlomo; Khandadash, Raz

    2010-05-10

    A synthetic "phage-like" system was designed for screening mixtures of small molecules in live cells. The core of the system consists of 2 mum diameter cross-linked monodispersed microspheres bearing a panel of fluorescent tags and peptides or small molecules either directly synthesized or covalently conjugated to the microspheres. The microsphere mixtures were screened for affinity to cell line PC-3 (prostate cancer model) by incubation with live cells, and as was with phage-display peptide methods, unbound microspheres were removed by repeated washings followed by total lysis of cells and analysis of the bound microspheres by flow-cytometry. Similar to phage-display peptide screening, this method can be applied even in the absence of prior information about the cellular targets of the candidate ligands, which makes the system especially interesting for selection of molecules with high affinity for desired cells, tissues, or tumors. The advantage of the proposed system is the possibility of screening synthetic non-natural peptides or small molecules that cannot be expressed and screened using phage display libraries. A library composed of small molecules synthesized by the Ugi reaction was screened, and a small molecule, Rak-2, which strongly binds to PC-3 cells was found. Rak-2 was then individually synthesized and validated in a complementary whole cell-based binding assay, as well as by live cell microscopy. This new system demonstrates that a mixture of molecules bound to subcellular sized microspheres can be screened on plated cells. Together with other methods using subcellular sized particles for cellular multiplexing, this method represents an important milestone toward high throughput screening of mixtures of small molecules in live cells and in vivo with potential applications in the fields of drug delivery and diagnostic imaging.

  1. Implementasi Kebijakan Pembiayaan Pendidikan pada Era Otonomi Daerah (Studi Kasus Implementasi Dana BOS dan BKM Pada Sekolah yang Terpilih di Kabupaten Kebumen

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Panuntun Nur Karomah

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan pembiayaan pendidikan pada era otonomi daerah studi di Kabupaten Kebumen dilihat dari aspek pelaksanaan, sumber-sumber dan alokasi anggaran pendidikan. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Uji keabsahan data adalah triangulasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pelaksanaan BOS diimplementasikan berdasarkan RAKS dan RAPBS, dan BKM berdasarkan penjaringan dari pihak sekolah. Dana BOS bersumber dari APBN (pemerintah pusat, BKM bersumber dari APBD Kabupaten (pemerintah daerah dan sumbangan sukarela bersumber dari masyarakat. Alokasi dana BOS setiap sekolah berbeda-beda, yang mempengaruhi hal itu adalah perbedaan jenjang sekolah, banyaknya jumlah siswa yang ada di sekolah, perbedaan letak sekolah. Hal ini, karena setiap sekolah mempunyai perbedaan kebutuhan operasional sekolah dan kegiatan-kegiatan yang dilakukan sekolah. Sumbangan sukarela untuk memenuhi kekurangan biaya yang diperlukan sekolah. Alokasi dana BKM tepat sasaran, namun waktu alokasi pencairannya kurang efektif .  This research aims to determine the education funding policy implementation at the regional autonomy in Kebumen, seen from the aspect implementation, resources and the education budget allocation for education. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, and documentation. Test the validity of the data is triangulation. The results of this study are the implementation of BOS based RAKS and RAPBS, and BKM based networking from the school. BOS funds from the state budget (central government, BKM sourced from district budget (local government and voluntary contributions provided by the community. BOS funding is in each school different, the casue of difference in levels of schooling, the amount of students in the school, the school location. This is because each school has different operational needs and the activities. Voluntary donations for meet defiency from BOS. Allocation of

  2. Modifikasi dan Uji Kinerja Alat Pengering Energi Surya-Hybrid Tipe Rak untuk Pengeringan Ikan Teri

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Risman Hanafi

    2017-04-01

    Abstract. At the time of harvest fish, fishermen get a lot of anchovy as catches with very large amount. Due to the very large number of these, sometimes anchovy is not sold out. This resulted in an anchovy rot if not done preservation (cool storage. One way in which the fisherman is by drying anchovy naturally (the drying in the sun. A tool rack type solar dryer is a box-shaped dryer that utilize the sun as thermal energy. The constraints of this tool is only utilizing the heat from solar energy, so when the weather is cloudy or at nightfall these tools can not function. The research aims to modify the tool rack type solar dryer to be a hybrid dryer for drying anchovy. The results were obtained that total efficiency of energy use during drying is for drying empty test hybrid is 0,010%, for drying hybrid test at 0,695%, and for drying solar test of 20,319%. As for the length of drying time, hybrid test replicates 1 for 7 hours, hybrid test replicates 2 for 8 hours, solar test replicates 1 for 10 hours, and solar test replicates 2 for 11 hours. For the total energy available, hybrid drying of 305,838 MJ and solar drying of 9,896 MJ.

  3. Survey of methods for integrated sequence analysis with emphasis on man-machine interaction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kahlbom, U; Holmgren, P [RELCON, Stockholm (Sweden)

    1995-05-01

    This report presents a literature study concerning recently developed monotonic methodologies in the human reliability area. The work was performed by RELCON AB on commission by NKS/RAK-1, subproject 3. The topic of subproject 3 is `Integrated Sequence Analysis with Emphasis on Man-Machine Interaction`. The purpose with the study was to compile recently developed methodologies and to propose some of these methodologies for use in the sequence analysis task. The report describes mainly non-dynamic (monotonic) methodologies. One exception is HITLINE, which is a semi-dynamic method. Reference provides a summary of approaches to dynamic analysis of man-machine-interaction, and explains the differences between monotonic and dynamic methodologies. (au) 21 refs.

  4. Survey of methods for integrated sequence analysis with emphasis on man-machine interaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kahlbom, U.; Holmgren, P.

    1995-05-01

    This report presents a literature study concerning recently developed monotonic methodologies in the human reliability area. The work was performed by RELCON AB on commission by NKS/RAK-1, subproject 3. The topic of subproject 3 is 'Integrated Sequence Analysis with Emphasis on Man-Machine Interaction'. The purpose with the study was to compile recently developed methodologies and to propose some of these methodologies for use in the sequence analysis task. The report describes mainly non-dynamic (monotonic) methodologies. One exception is HITLINE, which is a semi-dynamic method. Reference provides a summary of approaches to dynamic analysis of man-machine-interaction, and explains the differences between monotonic and dynamic methodologies. (au) 21 refs

  5. Wpływ bisantracykliny WP 631 na komórki raka jajnika

    OpenAIRE

    Gajek, Arkadiusz

    2016-01-01

    Rak jajnika stanowi szósty najczęściej rozpoznawany nowotwór złośliwy w populacji kobiet na świecie. Stale utrzymująca się wysoka umieralność z powodu tej choroby, będąca najwyższą wśród nowotworów żeńskich narządów płciowych związana jest niewątpliwie z brakiem metod skutecznego wczesnego rozpoznawania. W większości przypadków choroba ta wykrywana jest w zaawansowanym stadium (III, IV), kiedy rokowanie dla pacjentek jest zdecydowanie mniej korzystne w porównaniu z wczesnymi ...

  6. KERAGAAN PASTURA Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle Schweick PADA SISTEM PENGGEMBALAAN DAN STOCKING RATE BERBEDA DI LAHAN PERKEBUNAN KELAPA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Selvie D. Anis

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Integrasi pastura dan ternak sapi ke dalam sistem pertanian berbasis kelapa diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan lahan secara berkelanjutan. Percobaan ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh stocking ratedan sistem penggembalaan terhadap keragaan pastura. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Kelapa dan Palma Lain (BALITKA Manado sejak Juli 2009 sampai Juni 2010. Perlakuan terdiridari dua sistem penggembalaan dan tiga stocking rate diatur dalam pola petak terpisah yang didasarkan pada rancangan acak kelompok (RAK. Variabel yang diukur adalah jumlah tanaman induk, jumlah ground tiller,jumlah aerial tiller, bobot akar dan bobot crown. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa semua parameter keragaan pastura yang terbaik diperoleh pada interaksi antara sistem penggembalaan rotasi (SP2 dan stockingrate 2,31 UT (SR3.

  7. Rak debelega črevesa in danke - preprečevanje in presejanje: Colorectal cancer - prevention and screening:

    OpenAIRE

    Koželj, Miran; Skok, Pavel; Žerdin, Mojca

    2006-01-01

    Background. Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in Slovenija and its incidence in the last decades is rising. According to the epidemiological data from 2001, the incidence in male is 64/100,000 in female 48/100,000. Even though the relative five-year survival of the patients with this disease is rising, the majority of them are discovered in the advanced stage of the disease with poor prognosis. Conclusions. If diagnosed and surgically removed in its early stage...

  8. Nordic nuclear safety research program 1994-1997. Project coordination incl. SAM-4 general information issues. Report 1996. Plans for 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1997-04-01

    NKS (Nordic Nuclear Safety Research) is a cooperative body in nuclear safety, radiation protection and emergency preparedness. Its purpose is to carry out cost-effective Nordic projects, thus producing research results, exercises, information, recommendations, manuals etc., to be used by decision makers and other concerned staff members at authorities and within the nuclear industry. This is the annual report for 1996, the third year of the fifth four-year NKS program (1994-1997). The report also contains plans for the rest of the program period, including budget proposals. The following major fields of research have been identified: reactor safety; radioactive waste; radioecology; emergency preparedness; and information issues. A total of nine projects are now under way within that framework. One project (RAK-1) is dedicated to reactor safety strategies: how to avoid serious accidents. A parallel project (RAK-2) deals with minimizing releases in case of an accident. When can an overheated reactor core still be water-cooled? What might be the consequences of the cooling? All Nordic countries have long-lived low and medium level radioactive waste that requires final disposal. One project (AFA-1) addresses that issue. Environmental impact of radioactive releases is studied in two radioecology projects. The project on marine radioecology, including sediment research (EKO-1), encompasses sampling, analysis and modeling. These are also key issues in the project on long ecological half-lives in semi-natural systems (EKO-2). The transfer of radioactive cesium and strontium in the chains soil - vegetation - sheep and mushroom - roe deer is studied, along with freshwater systems. Long-term doses to main is the ultimate output from the obtained models. Another aspect of environmental impact is emergency preparedness. A recently started project, EKO-5, addresses the issue of early planning for cleanup operations following a fallout. 'Early' in this context means within the

  9. Dioktil Adipat (DOA 'ın Sparus aurata (Çipura karaciğer ve solungaç histolojisi üzerine etkileri.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Melih Üreten

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Polimer üretim süreçlerinde ikincil plastikleştirici olarak çok yaygın kullanılan dioktil adipat (DOA ’ın ekotoksikolojik etkileri ayrıntılı olarak araştırılmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı 15 gün süreyle 250, 500 ve 750 ppm DOA’ya maruz bırakılan erkek çipura balıklarının (Sparus aurata solungaç ve karaciğerlerindeki histopatolojik değişimlerin ışık mikroskobu ile belirlenmesidir. Kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında, deneme grubu örneklerinin solungaçlarında vakuolizasyon, merkezi venada genişleme ve çarpıcı füzyon olarak ayırt edilen önemli histopatolojik değişimler gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca solungacın epitel, pillar mukus ve mitokondri zengini hücrelerinde belirgin hipertrofi ve hiperplazi de not edilmiştir. DOA’ya maruz bırakılan balıkların karaciğerlerinin incelenmesi yağlanma, fibrozis ve nekrozis olarak bir dizi hepatosellüler değişim ortaya koymuştur. Kanamaya ek olarak parankimatik sinüzoidler ve hepatopankreasın merkezi venleri genişlemiştir. Çalışma, DOA etkisinin araştırılan her iki dokuda da çoklu histolojik değişimlere yol açtığını, üstelik bu değişimlerin hepsinin uygulanan kimyasalın artan konsantrasyonuyla bağlantılı olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuçta DOA’nın bir sucul kirletici olarak daha fazla dikkate alınması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır

  10. Berlin Olimpiyatları ekseninde basında Türk sporu (1936-1938)

    OpenAIRE

    GÜNGÖR, Birgül

    2009-01-01

    Olimpiyatlar her zaman kavga ve düşmanlıkların bir kenara bırakıldığı, barış, kardeşlik, dostluk duygularının ön plana çıktığı dünyanın en büyük spor organizasyonu olarak anılır. Antik çağda ilk kez Yunanistan'da gelenekselleşen Olimpiyatlar, daha sonra modern çağa ayak uydurularak her dört yılda bir, bu büyük spor şölenini organize edebilme gücüne sahip büyük...

  11. PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI GUDANG OBAT PADA RUMAH SAKIT UMUM ISLAM MADINAH KASEMBON MALANG

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sutan Mohammad Arif

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Sebagai penyedia layanan kesehatan bagi masyarakat, Rumah Sakit Umum Islam Madinah yang terletak di Kecamatan Kasembon, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur perlu memanfaatkan teknologi komputer untuk mendukung kebutuhan pasien seperti obat dan alat kesehatan yang dikelola oleh pihak gudang. Lingkup kerja pada bagian gudang masih berskala kecil karenanya Microsoft Access yang merupakan aplikasi paket instalasi Microsoft Office menjadi pilihan yang tepat dan mudah, aplikasi ini juga dapat diterapkan pada komputer yang memiliki jaringan lokal. Pada penelitian ini, metode Waterfall digunakan untuk mempercepat proses pengembangan aplikasi gudang dikarenakan proses desain, implementasi hingga pengujian aplikasi berkesinambungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi gudang yang di bangun dengan menggunakan Microsoft Access mempercepat kerja staf dalam membuat laporan, rekap stok dan melihat perubahan harga tanpa perlu harus melihat kartu stok yang tertera pada rak penyimpanan.

  12. The Importance of Human Factor in Information Centers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ayşe Üstün

    2000-12-01

    Enformasyon çağında, teknoloji insanların elinden mesleğini almamış, tersine nitelikli, yetenekli ve beceri sahibi insanları gerektirmiştir. Bu dönem­de “insan” öğesini ön plana çıkaran, insanı iç yapısı ile birlikte bir bütün ola­rak ele alan yaklaşımlara ve yönetim biçimlerine önem verilmeye başlanmış­tır. Çalışanlardan daha iyi sonuç almak, bilgi, yetenek ve kapasitelerini ve­rimli olarak kullanmalarını sağlamak için çeşitli yöntemlerden yararlanıl­maktadır.

  13. Kefir

    OpenAIRE

    Koçak, Celalettin; Gürsel, Asuman

    1981-01-01

    Kefir çok eski bir fermente süt mamülü olup, hammaddesi keçi, koyun ve inek sütüdür. %0.6-0.8 alkol içermesi nedeniyle fermente süt içkisi olarak tanınır. Günümüzde kefirin birçok hastalıklar üzerindeki iyileştirici etkisinden dolayı önemi artmıştır. Kefir üretiminde fermantasyonu sağlamak üzere kefir tanelerinden yararlanılır. Kefir taneleri sarımtırak renkte olup takriben bezelye büyüklüğündedir. Bu taneler kazein ve birbirleri ile ortaklaşa yaşayan mikroorganizmaların meydana getirdiği j...

  14. Kefir

    OpenAIRE

    Celalettin Koçak; Asuman Gürsel

    2015-01-01

    Kefir çok eski bir fermente süt mamülü olup, hammaddesi keçi, koyun ve inek sütüdür. %0.6-0.8 alkol içermesi nedeniyle fermente süt içkisi olarak tanınır. Günümüzde kefirin birçok hastalıklar üzerindeki iyileştirici etkisinden dolayı önemi artmıştır. Kefir üretiminde fermantasyonu sağlamak üzere kefir tanelerinden yararlanılır. Kefir taneleri sarımtırak renkte olup takriben bezelye büyüklüğündedir. Bu taneler kazein ve birbirleri ile ortaklaşa yaşayan mikroorganizmaların meydana getirdiği j...

  15. Kefir

    OpenAIRE

    Koçak, Celalettin; Gürsel, Asuman

    2014-01-01

    Kefir çok eski bir fermente süt mamülü olup, hammaddesi keçi, koyun ve inek sütüdür. %0.6-0.8 alkol içermesi nedeniyle fermente süt içkisi olarak tanınır. Günümüzde kefirin birçok hastalıklar üzerindeki iyileştirici etkisinden dolayı önemi artmıştır. Kefir üretiminde fermantasyonu sağlamak üzere kefir tanelerinden yararlanılır. Kefir taneleri sarımtırak renkte olup takriben bezelye büyüklüğündedir. Bu taneler kazein ve birbirleri ile ortaklaşa yaşayan mikroorganizmaların meydana getirdiği j...

  16. TÜRK BANKACILIK SEKTÖRÜNDE FİNANSAL GÜÇ DERECELERİNİN TAHMİNİNDE YAPAY SİNİR AĞLARI VE ÇOK DEĞİŞKENLİ İSTATİSTİKSEL ANALİZ TEKNİKLERİNİN PERFORMANSLARININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

    OpenAIRE

    BOYACIOĞLU, MELEK ACAR; KARA, YAKUP

    2007-01-01

    Finansal güç derecelendirmesi (financial strength rating), bir bankanın temel finansal gücünü gösterir. Burada amaçlanan bir bankanın temel finansal gücünün dış faktörlerin değerlendirme harici bırakılması suretiyle ölçülmesidir. Dış faktörler, bankanın faaliyet çevresinden kaynaklanabileceği gibi, koruyucu nitelikteki dış destek mekanizmalarının varlığı ile de bağlantılı olabilir. Yapılan değerlendirme ile bankanın, koruyucu dış faktörlerden tamamen arındırılmış derecelendirmesi nasıl olurdu...

  17. Review of the TMI-2 accident evaluation and vessel investigation projects

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ladekarl Thomsen, Knud

    1998-03-01

    The results of the TMI-2 Accident Evaluation Programme and the Vessel Investigation Project have been reviewed as part of a literature study on core meltdown and in-vessel coolability. The emphasis is placed on the late phase melt progression, which is of special relevance to the NKS-sponsored RAK-2.1 project on Severe Accident Phenomenology. The body of the report comprises three main sections, The TMI-2 Accident Scenario, Core Region and Relocation Path Investigations, and Lower Head Investigations. In the final discussion, the lower head gap formation mechanism is explained in terms of thermal contraction and fracturing of the debris crust. This model seems more plausible than the MAAP model based on creep expansion of the lower head. (au) 1 tab., 33 ills., 31 refs.

  18. Türkiye Yem Bitkileri Genetik Kaynakları

    OpenAIRE

    ÖZPINAR, Hüseyin; İNAL, Firdevs N.; AY, Ergül; ACAR, A. Alptekin; SABANCI, Cafer Olcayto

    2017-01-01

    Çok çeşitli nedenlerle erozyona uğrayan ve kaybolma tehlikesi bulunanyem bitkisi cins ve türlerinin toplanması, üretilmesi, karakterizasyonunyapılıp değerlendirilmesi ve uzun süreli muhafaza altına alınıp araştırıcılarınhizmetine sunulması önem arz etmektedir. Doğal floranın korunması, botanikkompozisyonun bozulmaması ve gelecek kuşaklara yem bitkisi bakımından zenginbir materyal kaynağının bırakılması amacıyla yapılan çalışmalar günden güneönemli ivme kazanmıştır. Ülkemizde genetik kaynaklar...

  19. Elevated prevalence of malnutrition and malaria among school-aged children and adolescents in war-ravaged South Sudan.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Charchuk, Rhianna; Houston, Stan; Hawkes, Michael T

    2015-01-01

    Emerging as a sovereign state from decades of civil war, the Republic of South Sudan now faces poverty, a lack of health care infrastructure, a high burden of infectious diseases and a widespread food insecurity. School-aged children and youth, in particular, represent a high-risk demographic for malnutrition and infectious diseases. We screened 109 school-aged children and youth for nutritional status and malaria antigenaemia in Akuak Rak, South Sudan, and found a large proportion of underweight (77/109 = 73%) and prevalent malaria (44/109 = 40%). There was no significant association between malnutrition and malaria. This study represents one of the few published reports on child and youth nutritional status and malaria prevalence in South Sudan since its independence. The implementation of nutrition and malaria screening combined with evidence-based interventions in schools could help target this high burden vulnerable group.

  20. Kaybolmuş bir İçecek Kefir

    OpenAIRE

    Zekâi Varnacı

    2015-01-01

    Kafkasya’da bir parça dana veya koyun şirdeni keçi tulumlarında inek sütüyle maserasyona bırakılarak hazırlanır. Süt çabuk ve spontan olarak koagüle olur. Bundan sonra tulum yeniden doldurularak yeni bir işleme geçilir. Birkaç hafta sonra tulumun iç cidarlarında yavaş yavaş süngerimsi bir kabuk tabakası oluşur. İşte bu kabuk tabakası bölünüp veya kasılıp, sonra kurutularak kefir daneleri meydana getirilir. Danelerin görünüşü sarımsı, küçük, tomurcuğumsudur. Bu daneler kefirin hazırlanmasında ...

    1. Kaybolmuş bir İçecek Kefir

      OpenAIRE

      Varnacı, Zekai

      1980-01-01

      Kafkasya’da bir parça dana veya koyun şirdeni keçi tulumlarında inek sütüyle maserasyona bırakılarak hazırlanır. Süt çabuk ve spontan olarak koagüle olur. Bundan sonra tulum yeniden doldurularak yeni bir işleme geçilir. Birkaç hafta sonra tulumun iç cidarlarında yavaş yavaş süngerimsi bir kabuk tabakası oluşur. İşte bu kabuk tabakası bölünüp veya kasılıp, sonra kurutularak kefir daneleri meydana getirilir. Danelerin görünüşü sarımsı, küçük, tomurcuğumsudur. Bu daneler kefirin hazırlanmasınd...

    2. PRODUKSI MANISAN RAMBUTAN KERING DENGANVARIASI KONSENTRASI LARUTAN KAPUR DAN KARAKTERISTIK PENGERINGAN

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Sri Hastuti

      2016-11-01

      Full Text Available Rambutan susceptible to damage due to respiration and transpiration processes thatcause huge losses to farmers and traders , even the price of rambutan to be low due to the highproduction and efficient distribution of marketing . One alternative to reduce the level ofdamage to the fruit rambutan is to make candied dried rambutan . The purpose of this study wasto determine the effect of drying characteristics and concentration of lime solution to the watercontent , texture and vitamin C in the making candied dried rambutan . The method used RAK (completely randomized design with factorial . The results of this study indicate that the use oflime solution concentrations result in increased water content but had no effect on the levels ofvitamin C , hardness and resilience . While the differences in drying characteristics and theirinteraction did not affect the increase in water content , vitamin C content, hardness andresilience.

    3. Reliable Multicast MAC Protocol for IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs with Extended Service Range

      Science.gov (United States)

      Choi, Woo-Yong

      2011-11-01

      In this paper, we propose the efficient reliable multicast MAC protocol by which the AP (Access Point) can transmit reliably its multicast data frames to the recipients in the AP's one-hop or two-hop transmission range. The AP uses the STAs (Stations) that are directly associated with itself as the relays for the data delivery to the remote recipients that cannot be reached directly from itself. Based on the connectivity information among the recipients, the reliable multicast MAC protocol optimizes the number of the RAK (Request for ACK) frame transmissions in a reasonable computational time. Numerical examples show that our proposed MAC protocol significantly enhances the MAC performance compared with the BMMM (Batch Mode Multicast MAC) protocol that is extended to support the recipients that are in the AP's one-hop or two-hop transmission range in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs.

    4. Kaybolmuş bir İçecek Kefir

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Zekâi Varnacı

      2015-02-01

      Full Text Available Kafkasya’da bir parça dana veya koyun şirdeni keçi tulumlarında inek sütüyle maserasyona bırakılarak hazırlanır. Süt çabuk ve spontan olarak koagüle olur. Bundan sonra tulum yeniden doldurularak yeni bir işleme geçilir. Birkaç hafta sonra tulumun iç cidarlarında yavaş yavaş süngerimsi bir kabuk tabakası oluşur. İşte bu kabuk tabakası bölünüp veya kasılıp, sonra kurutularak kefir daneleri meydana getirilir. Danelerin görünüşü sarımsı, küçük, tomurcuğumsudur. Bu daneler kefirin hazırlanmasında maya olarak kullanılmak üzere ticarete arzedilir.

    5. GIS-based spatial statistical analysis of risk areas for liver flukes in Surin Province of Thailand.

      Science.gov (United States)

      Rujirakul, Ratana; Ueng-arporn, Naporn; Kaewpitoon, Soraya; Loyd, Ryan J; Kaewthani, Sarochinee; Kaewpitoon, Natthawut

      2015-01-01

      It is urgently necessary to be aware of the distribution and risk areas of liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, for proper allocation of prevention and control measures. This study aimed to investigate the human behavior, and environmental factors influencing the distribution in Surin Province of Thailand, and to build a model using stepwise multiple regression analysis with a geographic information system (GIS) on environment and climate data. The relationship between the human behavior, attitudes (R Square=0.878, and, Adjust R Square=0.849. By GIS analysis, we found Si Narong, Sangkha, Phanom Dong Rak, Mueang Surin, Non Narai, Samrong Thap, Chumphon Buri, and Rattanaburi to have the highest distributions in Surin province. In conclusion, the combination of GIS and statistical analysis can help simulate the spatial distribution and risk areas of liver fluke, and thus may be an important tool for future planning of prevention and control measures.

    6. Culturally-grounded mother-daughter communication-focused intervention for Thai female adolescents.

      Science.gov (United States)

      Powwattana, Arpaporn; Thammaraksa, Pimrat; Manora, Sroy

      2018-02-05

      Teenage pregnancy-prevention interventions have fallen short in significantly decreasing risk of pregnancy for Thai populations. The "breaking the voice" ("rak luk khun tong pood") culture-appropriate teenage pregnancy-prevention program was developed using community-based research. Qualitative analyses of focus group data identified salient factors related to sexual communication and behavior. The integration of focus group results with theoretical constructs guided the development of an intervention to reduce risky sexual behavior by increasing communication between mothers and their adolescent daughters. A total of 157 mother-daughter dyads from congested areas in Bangkok participated in pilot testing of the intervention by the use of a survey. The findings indicated a significant increase in the frequency of and number of sexual risk communication (P assertiveness, and ability to decrease sexual risk among daughters (P < .05). "Breaking the voice" represents a female-focused and culturally-relevant intervention to combat teenage pregnancy. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

    7. KECERNAAN PAKAN KELINCI LOKAL (Lepus nigricollis YANG DIBERI PAKAN MULTI NUTRIENT BLOCK BERBASIS RUMPUT LAPANGAN

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      A. W. Puger

      2016-10-01

      Full Text Available Peningkatan produktivitas ternak kelinci dapat diukur dari kecernaan pakan yang diberikan dan dapat dilakukandengan memberikan suplementasi Mineral Nutrient Block (MNB. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakanRangcangan Acak Kelompok (RAK dengan lima kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah R0: pakan kontrol(rumput lapangan dengan kandungan energi termetabolis 1830 kkal/kg dan CP:9,1%, R1: ransum kontrol yangdisuplementasi MNB 5 g/ekor/hari, R2: ransum kontrol yang disuplementasi MNB 10 g/ekor/hari, R3: ransumkontrol yang disuplementasi MNB 15 g/ekor/hari. Rumput lapangan diberikan secara ad libitum dalam bentuksegar dan dipotong-potong dengan panjang 5 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai cerna bahan kering,nilai cerna energi dan nilai cerna protein tertinggi pada R3 yaitu masing-masing 59,22%, 68,88% dan 43,72%.Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian Multi Nutrient Block sebanyak 15% memberikankecernaan tertinggi pada kecernaan bahan kering, energi dan protein pakan.

    8. Yağ İçeriği Azaltılmış Beyaz Peynir Üretiminde Isıl İşlem Uygulanan Lactobacillus helveticus ve Lactobacillus bulgaricus Kültürlerinin Kullanımı

      OpenAIRE

      Gürsoy, Ayşe; Şenel, Ebru; Gürsel, Asuman; Deveci, Organ; Karademir, Ebru; Yaman, Şenay

      2001-01-01

      Bu çalışmada, yağ içeriği azaltılmış Beyaz peynir örneklerinde, proteolizi teşvik ederek olgunlaşmayı hızlandırmak ve böylece yapı ve tadı iyileştirmek amacıyla, isti işlem uygulanan L.helveticus ve L. bulgaricus kültürlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Bunun için kurumaddede %20 yağ içerecek şekilde peynir üretimi gerçekleştirilmiş, ayrıca karşılaştırma amacıyla yağlı peynir örneği (kurumaddede %40 yağ) de üretilmiştir. Peynirler 7±1 °C'de olgunlaşmaya bırakılarak 0, 7, 15, 30, 60 ve 90. gü...

    9. Kecernaan In Vitro Fraksi Serat (NDF, ADF dan Selulosa Lima Jenis Rumput Laut Coklat dari Pantai Sungai Nipah Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan Sumatera Barat

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Y.L. Dewi

      2015-10-01

      Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecernaan fraksi serat (NDF, ADF dan Selulosa lima jenis rumput laut coklat dari Pantai Sungai Nipah Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan Sumatera Barat secara in vitro. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK terdiri dari lima perlakuan rumput laut coklat yang berbeda jenis ( A = Padina australis, B = Turbinaria decurrens, C = Turbinaria murayana, D = Sargassum crassifolium dan E = Sargassum binderi dan masing-masing perlakuan diulang 3 kali sebagai kelompok. Kelompok didasarkan atas tiga kali pengambilan cairan rumen kambing yang berbeda. Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini adalah kecernaan NDF, kecernaan ADF dan kecernaan selulosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 5 jenis rumput laut coklat berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01 terhadap kecernaan NDF, kecernaan ADF dan kecernaan selulosa. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa rumput laut Sargassum crassifolium dan Sargassum binderi memiliki kecernaan NDF tertinggi (15,65% dan 20,56% dan ADF tertinggi (15,43% dan 17,80% dibandingkan dengan jenis rumput laut coklat lainnya.

    10. Description of the magnox type of gas cooled reactor (MAGNOX)

      International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

      Jensen, S.E.; Nonboel, E.

      1999-05-01

      The present report comprises a technical description of the MAGNOX type of reactor as it has been build in Great Britain. The Magnox reactor is gas cooled (CO 2 ) with graphite moderators. The fuels is natural uranium in metallic form, canned with a magnesium alloy called 'Magnox'. The Calder Hall Magnox plant on the Lothian coastline of Scotland, 60 km east of Edinburgh, has been chosen as the reference plant and is described in some detail. Data on the other stations are given in tables with a summary of design data. Special design features are also shortly described. Where specific data for Calder Hall Magnox has not been available, corresponding data from other Magnox plants has been used. The information presented is based on the open literature. The report is written as a part of the NKS/RAK-2 sub-project 3: 'Reactors in Nordic Surroundings', which comprises a description of nuclear power plants neighbouring the Nordic countries. (au)

    11. PENGARUH LEVEL KONSENTRAT DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP KOMPOSISI TUBUH KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWAH

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Yogyantara A. P. I. K. D.

      2016-01-01

      Full Text Available Pengaruh level konsentrat dalam ransum telah diteliti untuk menghasilkan komposisi tubuh pada kambing peranakan etawah.Penelitianmenggunakanrancanganacakkelompok (RAK dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 kali ulangan. Keempatperlakuannyaadalah: (A konsentrat 75% +hijauan 25%; (B konsentrat 60% +hijauan 40%; (C: konsentrat 45% +hijauan 55%; dan (D: konsentrat 30% +hijauan 70%. Hijauan yang diberikan terdiri dari atasrumput raja 60% dangamal 40%. Peubah yang diamati adalah pertambahanbobot badan, protein tubuh, lemak tubuh, retensi protein, retensi lemak dan retensi energi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan sidik ragam, bila nilai rata-rata perlakuan berbeda nyata (P<0,05 akan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Duncan pada taraf 5%.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertambahan bobot badan, retensi protein, retensi lemak dan retensi energi kambing yang mendapat perlakuan A dan B nyata lebih tinggi (P<0,05 dari kambing yang mendapat perlakuan D.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan pemberian level konsentrat dalam ransum dapat meningkatkankomposisi tubuh kambing peranakan etawah.

    12. PERUBAHAN KARAKTER KUANTITATIF MUCUNA PRURIENS GENERASI M1 PASCA IRRADIASI SINAR GAMMA CO-60

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Yustinus Ulung Anggraito

      2015-02-01

      Full Text Available Koro benguk (Mucuna pruriens berpotensi sebagai bahan substitusi kedelai. Keragaman genetik koro benguk termasuk kategori rendah, sehingga perlu ditingkatkan keragaman genetiknya terutama pada faktor-faktor produksi. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan informasi mutasi mikro pada koro benguk generasi M1 setelah diradiasi dengan sinar gamma dari Cobalt-60. Benih koro benguk diperoleh dari Balai Pengembangan Perbenihan Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura (BP2TPH Ngipiksari, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Radiasi sinar gamma dilakukan di PAIR BATAN Pasar Jumat, Jakarta. Dosis radiasi gamma yang digunakan adalah 0; 25 Gy, 50 Gy; 100 Gy; 150 Gy, 200 Gy, dan 250 Gy. Eksperimen dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK. Parameter yang diamati adalah umur berbunga, jumlah polong, jumlah biji, berat 100 biji tanaman generasi M1. Data dianalisis menggunakan Anava, dilanjutkan dengan Uji Beda Nyata Duncan (DMRT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan dosis radiasi sinar gamma akan memperpanjang hari munculnya bunga dan berat biji, namun menurunkan jumlah polong dan jumlah biji pada tanaman generasi M1.

    13. Akkeçi oğlaklarında doğum ve sütten kesim ağırlığına etki eden bazı çevre faktörleri üzerine araştırmalar

      OpenAIRE

      KAHRAMAN, Züleyha

      1991-01-01

       Bu araştırmada, Akkeçi oğlaklarında doğum ve sütten kesim ağırlıkları üzerine ana yaşı, cinsiyet, doğum şekli, ananın vücut ağırlığı ve bunlara ek ola rak oğlakların doğumdaki ağırlıklarının sütten kesim ağırlığına etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın ma teryalini Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Zootekni Bölümü' nde yetiştirilen çeşitli yaştaki Akkeçiler ve bunlardan elde edilen oğlaklar oluşturmuştur. Yapılan önem kontrolleri sonucunda; oğlakların doğum ağ...

    14. Strategies for reactor safety: Preventing loss of coolant accidents. Final report

      International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

      Lydell, B.O.Y.

      1997-12-01

      This final report on the NKS/RAK-1.2 summarizes the main features of the PIFRAP PC-program and its intended implementation. Regardless of the preferred technical approach to LOCA frequency estimation, the analysis approach must include recognition of the following technical issues: a) Degradation and failure mechanisms potentially affecting piping systems within the reactor coolant pressure boundary (RCPB) and the potential consequences; b) In-service inspection practices and how they influence piping reliability; and c) The service experience with piping systems. The report consists of six sections and one appendix. A Nordic perspective on LOCA and nuclear safety is given. It includes summaries of results from research in material sciences and current regulatory philosophies regarding piping reliability. A summary of the LOCA concept is applied in Nordic PSA studies. It includes a discussion on deterministic and probabilistic views on LOCA. The R and D on piping reliability by SKI and the PIFRAP model is summarized. Next, Section 6 presents conclusion and recommendations. Finally, Appendix A contains a list of abbreviations and acronyms, together with a glossary of technical terms. (EG)

    15. Is abandoning routine peritoneal cultures during appendectomy justified?

      International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

      Al-Saadi, A.; Al-Wadan, Ali H.; Hamarnah, Samir A.; Amin, H.

      2007-01-01

      Objective was to identify if there are any advantages of taking swab form the peritoneal fluid during appendectomy and if it has any clinical implication on the progress of diseases. Record of 160 patients who underwent appendectomy in Saqr Hospital, Rak, United Arab Emirates, from 2003-2005 and had culture and sensitivity from the peritoneal cavity were reviewed retrospectively. The macroscopic picture of the appendix, microorganism in peritoneal cultures, antibiotic and the extent using the result of the culture and sensitivity were evaluated. Patients with normal appendix who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy were excluded. Patients age ranged from 4-55 years with male to female ratio of 4:1, all had prophylactic antibiotics and standard surgical procedures; 60% had perforated appendix, 13% were gangrenous. The most common organisms cultured were, Escherichia coli and bacteroids, rate of wound infection was 5%. None of the patients had their course of antibiotics adjusted in response to the result of the swab. Swabs from the peritoneal cavity during appendectomy do not have any clinical advantage especially with the empiric use of antibiotics and the short hospital stay. (author)

    16. MUON DETECTORS: CSC

      CERN Multimedia

      J. Hauser

      2011-01-01

      The CSC detector continued to operate well during the March-June 2011 period. As the luminosity has climbed three orders of magnitude, the currents drawn in the CSC high-voltage system have risen correspondingly, and the current trip thresholds have been increased from 1 μA to 5 μA (and 20 in ME1/1 chambers). A possible concern is that a long-lasting and undesirable corona is capable of drawing about 1 μA, and thus may not be detected by causing current trips; on the other hand it is easily dealt with by cycling HV when detected. To better handle coronas, software is being developed to better detect them, although a stumbling block is the instability of current measurements in some of the channels of the CAEN supplies used in ME1/1. A survey of other issues faced by the CSC Operations team was discussed at the 8th June 2011 CSC Operations/DPG meeting (Rakness). The most important issues, i.e. those that have caused a modest amount of downtime, are all being actively addressed. These are:...

    17. A földpiaci sajátosságok és tendenciák

      OpenAIRE

      Kurucz, Adrienn

      2010-01-01

      Az elmúlt években ugyan emelkedtek a hazai földárak, de az uniós csatlakozástól várt jelentős árnövekedés és földpiaci forgalomélénkülés elmaradt, sőt, a bérleti díjakban sem hozott átütő fordulatot. A közelmúltban erősödött a magyarországi földpiac megmozdulását várók tábora, a 2011 májusában lejáró derogáció miatt. A szakemberek optimisták, mert a lejáró derogációval kiszélesedhet a vásárlói kör. A hazai agrárgazdaság egyik legnagyobb gondja a tőkehiány, ami akadályozza a technikai és techn...

    18. PENGARUH UMUR BAHAN SETEK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SETEK AKOR (Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Ex Benth

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      nurmawati siregar

      2016-09-01

      Full Text Available Akor (Acacia auriculiformis termasuk salah satu jenis sumber energi biomassa mempunyai prospek yang baik untuk dikembangkan. Salah satu faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan untuk pengembangannya adalah ketersediaan bibit bermutu. Bibit bermutu dapat diperoleh dari perbanyakan generatif (biji dan vegetatif (setek. Melalui setek dapat diproduksi bibit bermutu dalam jumlah yang cukup, setiap waktu dan tidak tergantung dengan musim. Salah satu faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan perbanyakan vegetatif dengan setek adalah juvenilitas (umur bahan setek, oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian pengaruh umur bahan setek. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK dengan perlakuan umur bahan setek yaitu umur 2,3,4 dan 5 bulan, ulangan tiga kali dan setiap unit perlakuan terdiri dari 45 setek. Respon pertumbuhan yang diamati meliputi: waktu tumbuh tunas setek, persentase tumbuh setek, panjang akar, jumlah akar, panjang tunas, berat kering akar, berat kering tunas, ratio tunas dengan akar dan analisis ratio C/N. Umur bahan setek berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua parameter yang diamati kecuali persen tumbuh setek. Bahan setek yang paling optimal digunakan untuk jenis akor adalah pada umur 3 - 4 bulan.

    19. Characteristic of physical, chemical, and microbiological kombucha from various varieties of apples

      Science.gov (United States)

      Zubaidah, E.; Yurista, S.; Rahmadani, N. R.

      2018-03-01

      Kombucha is a fermented tea beverage with the addition of kombucha starter also called SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture Of Bacteria and Yeast). The purpose of this research was to know the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of kombucha from various varieties of apple kombucha. The study used Randomized Block Design (RAK) with one factor of apple varieties (Anna, Fuji, Granny Smith, Manalagi, Red Delicious, Rome Beauty, Royal Gala). Each treatment was repeated three times. Data was analyzed with ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The best treatment was selected using Multiple Attribute method. Data of hedonic test was analysed using Friedman Test. The best treatment was obtained on Fuji varieties of kombucha apple with the characteristics as follows: total acid 1.33%; pH 2.95; Total phenol 268.57 μg/ml GAE; Total sugar 6.74%; Antibacterial activity against S.aureus 21.30 mm; Antibacterial activity E.coli 21.20 mm; Antioxidant activity 35.62%; Organoleptic aroma 3.55, taste 3.3; Color 3.4 (on a scale of 1-5)

    20. Description of the advanced gas cooled type of reactor (AGR)

      Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

      Nonboel, E. [Risoe National Lab., Roskilde (Denmark)

      1996-11-01

      The present report comprises a technical description of the Advanced Gas cooled Reactor (AGR), a reactor type which has only been built in Great Britain. 14 AGR reactors have been built, located at 6 different sites and each station is supplied with twin-reactors. The Torness AGR plant on the Lothian coastline of Scotland, 60 km east of Edinburgh, has been chosen as the reference plant and is described in some detail. Data on the other 6 stations, Dungeness B, Hinkely Point B, Hunterston G, Hartlepool, Heysham I and Heysham II, are given only in tables with a summary of design data. Where specific data for Torness AGR has not been available, corresponding data from other AGR plans has been used, primarily from Heysham II, which belongs to the same generation of AGR reactors. The information presented is based on the open literature. The report is written as a part of the NKS/RAK-2 subproject 3: `Reactors in Nordic Surroundings`, which comprises a description of nuclear power plants neighbouring the Nordic countries. (au) 11 refs.

    1. Investigation of humic acid effects versus cadmium toxicity on hematological paramaters of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario.

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      E.Mahmut Kocaman

      2015-12-01

      Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, kahverengi alabalıklarda (Salmo trutta fario Linneaus, 1792 kadmiyum toksisitesine karşı humik asitin koruyucu etkisi bazı hematolojik parametreler açısından araştırılmıştır. Balıklar kadmiyum ve/veya humik asite (2ppm Cd, 2ppm Cd+ 5 ppm humik asit ve kontrol 7 gün boyunca maruz bırakılmışlardır. Deneme periyodu sonunda hematolojik parametrelerden hemoglobin, hematokrit, eritrosit, eritrosit başına düşen ortalama hemoglobin miktarı (MCH, ortalama eritrosit hacmi (MCV ve eritrosit başına düşen ortalama hemoglobin konsantrasyonu (MCHC değerlerinde meydana gelen değişimler incelenmiştir. İstatistiki açıdan tüm parametrelerde gruplar arası fark belirlenmiş olsa da kırmızı kan hücresi (RBC, hematokrit, trombosit sayısı, MCV ve MCH parametreleri p

    2. Description of the advanced gas cooled type of reactor (AGR)

      International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

      Nonboel, E.

      1996-11-01

      The present report comprises a technical description of the Advanced Gas cooled Reactor (AGR), a reactor type which has only been built in Great Britain. 14 AGR reactors have been built, located at 6 different sites and each station is supplied with twin-reactors. The Torness AGR plant on the Lothian coastline of Scotland, 60 km east of Edinburgh, has been chosen as the reference plant and is described in some detail. Data on the other 6 stations, Dungeness B, Hinkely Point B, Hunterston G, Hartlepool, Heysham I and Heysham II, are given only in tables with a summary of design data. Where specific data for Torness AGR has not been available, corresponding data from other AGR plans has been used, primarily from Heysham II, which belongs to the same generation of AGR reactors. The information presented is based on the open literature. The report is written as a part of the NKS/RAK-2 subproject 3: 'Reactors in Nordic Surroundings', which comprises a description of nuclear power plants neighbouring the Nordic countries. (au) 11 refs

    3. BUDI DAYA KARANG HIAS MENDUKUNG PERDAGANGAN KARANG HIAS YANG BERKESINAMBUNGAN

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Ofri Johan

      2007-12-01

      Full Text Available Kegiatan budi daya karang hias di Indonesia perlu dilakukan untuk menjamin perdagangannya agar berjalan tanpa merusak keanekaragaman dan kondisi terumbu karang. Budi daya karang hias menggunakan rak berupa meja yang terbuat dari paralon PVC yang dinilai sangat ekonomis dan mudah diaplikasikan masyarakat lokal. Pengamatan pertumbuhan hanya dilakukan pada 1 rak masing-masing jenis karang yang dibudidayakan yaitu Acropora sp., Acropora formosa, Acropora humilis, Acropora millepora, Acropora nobilis, dan Seriatopora hystrix. Kegiatan dilakukan pada dua lokasi yaitu Pulau Simakakang-Mentawai, Sumatera Barat dan Gondol, Bali. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap dua bulan dan penelitian dilaksanakan selama 6 bulan. Hasil pengamatan diperoleh tingkat mortalitas pada lokasi Pulau Simakakang diperoleh 5,56% dari 36 sampel yang diukur dari 6 jenis karang dan 6 ulangan, pertambahan panjang jenis A. formosa 0,64 cm/bulan, lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan jenis A. millepora 0,58 cm/bulan dan jenis lain. Karang A. humilis memiliki laju perambatan pada substrat semen dan batang pengikat yang  lebih cepat dari jenis lain. Pada lokasi Gondol, Bali memiliki laju pertambahan panjang karang A. millepora lebih cepat (0,50 cm/bulan dibandingkan dengan jenis A. tenuis (0,43 cm/bulan dan jenis lain berkisar antara 0,21—0,39 cm/bulan.Tingkat kematian 3 koloni (7,1% dari total 42 koloni yang disampling. The culture of ornamental coral is important to be conducted to guarantee the coral trade can be run well without giving impact to coral reef biodiversities and coral reef condition in Indonesia. This cultured using table using nets as a place which is made from PVC pipe. This method can minimize cost comparing with others materials as well as applicable for coastal community. One table can be placed 12 (3x4 substrate with a distance among others of 25 cm, then fragmented coral were tied to that substrates. This activity was carried out in two locations that were Simakakang

    4. The accuracy of MRI in assessing graft integrity after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

      International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

      Nakayama, Yoshihito; Shirai, Yasumasa; Narita, Tetsuya; Mori, Atsushi; Kobayashi, Kaoru

      2001-01-01

      To evaluate the efficacy of MRI in assessing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction graft integrity, we compared MRI findings with arthroscopic findings in 52 patients who had undergone arthroscopically assisted ACL reconstruction using semitendinosus and gracilis tendons augmented by woven polyester. MRI and arthroscopy were carried out 12 months after the operation. The MR appearance of ACL grafts was categorized into 3 types by signal intensity and continuity of the ligament according to Rak's method: well-defined type: the graft was visualized as a smoothly continuous band with low signal over the entire course; intermediate type: signal intensity increased and a low-signal band was visualized only in part of the graft; indiscernible type: the graft was not identified through the joint cavity due to markedly increased signal intensity. When the MR appearance of intermediate or indiscernible types was defined as torn, the grafts were presumed to be torn in 9 patients whose arthroscopic findings were 7 intact and 2 torn grafts. All cases with intact MRI findings were intact on arthroscopic examination. Thus, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI as an evaluative tool for ACL graft tears were 100%, 86% and 86.5%, respectively. (author)

    5. KAJIAN PEMANFAATAN TEPUNG JAHE (Zingiber officinale Rose DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP LEMAK ABDOMINAL DAN KADAR KOLESTEROLDARAH ITIK BALI AFKIR

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      T. G. B. Yadnya

      2016-10-01

      Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pemanfaatan tepung jahe (Zingiber officinale Rose dalam ransumterhadap lemak abdominal dan kolesterol darah itik bali afkir. Menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK,dengan empat perlakuan, yaitu ransum tanpa tepung jahe (A, ransum mengandung 2,91% tepung jahe (B,ransum mengandung 5,66% tepung jahe (C, dan ransum mengandung 8,26% tepung jahe (D. Setiap perlakuanterdiri atas lima kelompok, dan setiap kelompok berisi empat ekor itik bali afkir. Variabel yang diamati meliputikonsumsi ransum dan serat kasar, kadar kolesterol darah, dan lemak abdominal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa pemberian pemberian 2,91% dan 5,66% tepung jahe dalam ransum tidak berpengaruh terhadap konsumsiransum (P>0,05, namun dengan pemberian 8,26% dapat menurunkan konsumsi ransum secara nyata (P<0,05,jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan yang lainnya dan disertai dengan penurunan konsumsi serat kasar (P<0,05.Pemberian 2,91%, 5,66%, dan 8,26% tepung jahe dalam ransum dapat menurunkan lemak abdominal dankolesterol darah secara nyata (P<0,05 dibandingkan dengan pemberian perlakuan kontrol. Dari hasil penelitiandapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian tepung jahe dalam ransum dapat menurunkan jumlah lemak abdominal dankolesterol darah itik bali afkir.

    6. KAJIAN PENGGUNAAN EKSTRAK SUSU KEDELAI TERHADAP KUALITAS KEFIR SUSU KAMBING

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      M. E Sawitri

      2012-04-01

      Full Text Available ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian untuk mengkaji kualitas kefir susu kambing yang telah diberi perlakuan penggunaan ekstrak susu kedelai ditinjau dari nilai pH, viskositas, kadar protein,kadar lemak dan kadar isoflavon. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi bagi praktisi dan industri tentang kualitas kefir susu kambing sebagai bahan pangan yang dapat menunjang kesehatan. Materi penelitian adalah kefir susu kambing  yang diberi perlakuan penambahan ekstrak susu kedelai sebesar 10% (K1,20%(K2 dan 30%(K3 dari volume kefir susu kambing. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode percobaan dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK. Parameter yang dikaji adalah nilai pH, viskositas, kadar protein,kadar lemak dan kadar isoflavon kefir susu kambing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  penambahan ekstrak susu kedelai tidak memberikan perbedaan pengaruh yang nyata (P>0,05  terhadap nilai pH, memberikan perbedaan pengaruh yang sangat nyata (P0,05 on pH and that each treatments were given highly significant effect (P<0,01 on protein,fat and isoflavon content of goat milk kefir. The conclusion of this research was addition of soymilk extract had increase quality of goat milk kefir.   Keywords : goat milk kefir, soymilk extract

    7. Ketersediaan Nitrogen Tanah dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Bayam (Amaranthus tricolor L. yang Diperlakukan dengan Pemberian Pupuk Kompos Azolla

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Lukman Amir

      2014-01-01

      Full Text Available DOWNLOAD PDFPenelitian  ini  bertujuan  untuk  mengetahui kadar  nitogen  tanah  dan  pertumbuhantanaman bayam yang diberi pupuk kompos Azolla. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancanganacak kelompok (RAK yang terdiri atas 2 kelompok, dimana tiap kelompok terdiri atas 4perlakuan dan  1  kontrol  dengan  3  ulangan.  Parameter  pengamatan adalah  pertumbuhantanaman bayam yang meliputi tinggi tanaman (cm, berat kering tanaman bayam (gram,kadar amonium (NH4+ dan nitrat (NO3- pada tanah serta kadar nitrat (NO3- air lindihan.Hasil  penelitian  menunjukkan  bahwa  pupuk  kompos  Azolla  mulai  berpengaruh  nyataterhadap  tinggi  tanaman  sejak  pengamatan  minggu  ke-tiga  dan  berpengaruh  nyata  pulaterhadap berat kering tanaman bayam. Pemberian pupuk kompos Azolla berpengaruh nyataterhadap kadar amonium dan nitrat tanah masing-masing pada minggu ke dua dan mingguke  dua  dan  ke  empat.  Disamping  itu  pemberian  pupuk  tersebut  juga  berpengaruh  nyataterhadap kadar nitrat pada air lindihan.Kata kunci : Pupuk kompos Azolla, pertumbuhan tanaman bayam, nitrogen tanah

    8. PENGARUH PERBEDAAN SUMBER POLEN DAN VARIETAS SALAK (Salacca zalacca Gaertner Voss. TERHADAP KUALITAS BUAH

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Achmad Zaed

      2015-09-01

      Full Text Available Salak (Salacca zalacca  Gaertner Voss.  merupakantanaman yang cukup potensial dikembangkan di Bangkalan. Namun budidaya dan pengembangan tanaman salak ini belum optimal.Kualitas serbuk sari pada bunga jantan yang baik sangat menentukan kualitas buah yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui  PengaruhPerbedaan Sumber Polen dan Varietas Salak  (Salacca zalacca  Gaertner Voss.  Terhadap Kualitas Buah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kebun kelompok tani Ambudi Makmur di desa Kramat, Kecamatan Bangkalan, Kabupaten Bangkalan. Penelitian ini dimulai pada bulan Februari  -  Juli 2014. Rancangan percobaan  yang digunakan  dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK. Parameter yang diamati adalah waktu terbentuknya buah, jumlah biji yang terbentuk,  ukuran biji,  bobot biji, ukuran buah  (Diameter dan Panjang, jumlah buah yang terbentuk dalam satu  tandan, bobot buah, , bobot daging buah, bobot total buah/rtandan,  tebal daging buah, ukuran biji dan kadar gula dalam daging buah.  Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada perbandingan sumber polen dengan varietas pada tanaman salak berpengaruh pada beberapa parameter dan umur pengamatan saja. Kata kunci : Salacca zalacca Gaertner Voss., sumber polen, varietas

    9. Efektifitas Fungsida Berbahan Aktif Pyraclostrobin 50 G/KG + Metiram G/KG untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Embun Tepung (Podosphaera leucotrica Pada Tanaman Apel

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Eli Korlina

      2016-03-01

      Full Text Available Pengujian efektifitas fungisida berbahan aktif pyraclostrobin 50 g/kg+metiram 550g/kg untuk mengendalian  penyakit embun tepung (Podosphaera leucotricha pada tanaman apel telah dilaksanakan di kebun apel milik petani Desa Wringinanom, Kecamatan Poncokusumo, Kabupaten Malang yang beriklim tinggi kering dengan ketinggian tempat ±  850 diatas permukaan laut (dpl, mulai bulan Pebruari sampai dengan April 2011, menggunakan kultivar apel  Manalagi yang telah berumur 8-10 tahun.  Perlakuan terdiri atas Fungisida berbahan aktif pyraclostrobin 50 g/kg+metiram 550g/kg dengan 4 (empat tingkat konsentrasi yaitu 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; dan 2,0 g/l air, dan kontrol (tanpa perlakuan, disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok  (RAK dan diulang 4 kali. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa Fungisida berbahan aktif pyraclostrobin 50 g/kg+metiram 550g/kg konsentrasi 0,5-2 g/l air telah efektif mengendalikan penyakit embun tepung P. leucotricha pada tanaman apel dengan penekanan  serangan sebesar 44,42-54,73%.  Rata-rata produksi buah apel berkisar antara 8,49 – 10,38 kg/pohon. Tanaman apel yang diaplikasi dengan fungisida tersebut tidak mengalami fitotoksisitas.Kata Kunci: Apel, penyakit embun tepung (Podosphaera leucotricha.

    10. PROCEEDINGS OF RIKEN BNL RESEARCH CENTER WORKSHOP ON SPIN PHYSICS AT RHIC IN YEAR-1 AND BEYOND

      International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

      BLAND, L.; BOER, D.; SAITO, N.; VOGELSANG, W.

      2001-01-01

      The much anticipated RHIC spin physics program will commence this fall when the first physics run with colliding beams of polarized protons is expected. More specifically, the planned year-1 RHIC-Spin measurements are (1) the double-spin asymmetry A LL π in production of pions by collisions of longitudinally polarized protons (in order to obtain first information on the proton's spin-dependent gluon density, Δg); (2) the transverse single-spin asymmetry A N π for pion production. These two reactions provided part of the motivation for our workshop. On the first day there were informative talks on the specific plans of STAR (by Rakness) and PHENIX (by Goto) for the polarized run of Year-1. Some of the theoretical questions related to the double-spin asymmetry A LL π were discussed on the first day by Vogelsang and Kretzer, which centered mostly around the questions of how well the unpolarized fragmentation functions are known, the need for next-to-leading order calculations, and on how sensitive the asymmetry is to the possible Δg distributions. Vetterli presented HERMES measurements of fragmentation functions, which overlap in Q 2 with the future lower-p T measurements at RHIC

    11. Effect of Different Cooling Rates on Embryo Survivability and Pregnancy Rates in Freezing Sheep Embryos

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Elif KARAMAN ÖZTÜRK

      2016-07-01

      Full Text Available Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde, mezbahadan sağlanan ovaryumlardan kazanılan oositler (n=2990 olgunlaştırma medyumu içerisinde 24 saat süreyle olgunlaştırıldı. Ardından, 20 saat süreyle İn Vitro Fertilizasyona (İVF bırakıldılar. Yarıklanma gösteren embriyolar (n=1305, Sentetik Ovidukt Fluid (SOF medyumu içerisine alınarak altı gün süresince İn Vitro Kültüre (İVK bırakıldılar. İVK sonrası elde edilen morula-blastosist aşamasındaki embriyolar rastlantısal şekilde üç farklı dondurma hızı grubuna eşit olarak ayrıldılar (Grup I: 0,5 °C /dk, Grup II: 0,8 °C /dk, Grup III: 1 °C /dk. Her bir gruptaki embriyolar (n=50, 1,5 M etilen glikol bulunan dondurma medyumu içerisinde farklı soğutma hızlarında donduruldu. Sonuçta 0,5 °C/dk soğutma hızının en başarılı grup olduğu belirlendi (P<0,05. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, verici koyunlardan elde edilen in vivo embriyolar (Morula-Blastosist çalışmanın birinci bölümünde bulunan en başarılı soğutma hızı (0,5 °C/dk ile soğutularak donduruldu. Dondurulan 19 adet embriyo hormonel olarak hazırlanmış 17 alıcı koyuna transfer edildi. Transfer sonrası 60. günde yapılan ultrason muayenesinde üç adet koyunda gebeliklere ait embriyonik keseler gözlendi ve bu koyunlardan birinde de ikiz gebelik saptandı. Gebe koyunlardan bir tanesinde doğum gerçekleşti; diğer iki koyunda ise ileriki dönemde yapılan ultrason muayenesinde gebeliklerin sonlandığı gözlendi. Çalışma sonucunda, koyun embriyolarının dondurulması sırasında 0,5°C/dk soğutma hızının en başarılı hız olduğu ve bu yöntemle dondurulan embriyoların transferinden de gebelik elde edilebildiği saptandı.

    12. Ankara Piyasasından Temin Edilen Sofralık Siyah Zeytin Salamuralarının Mikrobiyolojik Analizi

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Rabia Sarıkaya

      2015-02-01

      Full Text Available Bu çalışmada Ankara piyasasından temin edilen sofralık siyah zeytin salamuralarının mikrobiyolojik analizi yapıldı. Toplam 16 farklı semt pazarından sağlanan salamura örnekleri steril kavanozlara alındı, etiketlendi ve laboratuvara getirildi. Zeytin sularının desimal dilüsyonları uygun besiyerlerine ekildi ve inkübasyona bırakıldı. İnkübasyon sonrasında elde edilen koloni sayımlarına göre örneklerdeki laktik asit bakteri sayısı 8.1 x 101 - 9.1 x 105 kob/ml; toplam aerobik mezofilik bakteri sayısı 4.3 x 101 - 5.1 x 105 kob/ml; maya-küf sayısı 3.3 x 101 - 1.6 x 105 kob/ml arasında bulundu. Koliform bakteri üremesine incelenen örneklerin sadece bir tanesinde rastlandı (2.9 x 101 kob/ml. Örneklerdeki pH, tuz konsantrasyonu (% ve laktik asit değerleri (mol/L sırasıyla 3.12 - 5.15; 5.3 - 17; 0.27 - 1.36 arasında ölçüldü.

    13. PROCEEDINGS OF RIKEN BNL RESEARCH CENTER WORKSHOP ON SPIN PHYSICS AT RHIC IN YEAR-1 AND BEYOND.

      Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

      BLAND, L.; BOER, D.; SAITO, N.; VOGELSANG, W.

      2001-05-14

      The much anticipated RHIC spin physics program will commence this fall when the first physics run with colliding beams of polarized protons is expected. More specifically, the planned year-1 RHIC-Spin measurements are (1) the double-spin asymmetry A{sub LL}{sup {pi}} in production of pions by collisions of longitudinally polarized protons (in order to obtain first information on the proton's spin-dependent gluon density, {Delta}g); (2) the transverse single-spin asymmetry A{sub N}{sup {pi}} for pion production. These two reactions provided part of the motivation for our workshop. On the first day there were informative talks on the specific plans of STAR (by Rakness) and PHENIX (by Goto) for the polarized run of Year-1. Some of the theoretical questions related to the double-spin asymmetry A{sub LL}{sup {pi}} were discussed on the first day by Vogelsang and Kretzer, which centered mostly around the questions of how well the unpolarized fragmentation functions are known, the need for next-to-leading order calculations, and on how sensitive the asymmetry is to the possible {Delta}g distributions. Vetterli presented HERMES measurements of fragmentation functions, which overlap in Q{sup 2} with the future lower-p{sub T} measurements at RHIC.

    14. TEKNIK PENGATURAN AIR PADA INTENSIFIKASI PADI AEROB TERKENDALI-BERBASIS ORGANIK (IPAT-BO UNTUK MENINGKATKAN POPULASI RHIZOBACTERIA, EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN AIR, PERAKARAN TANAMAN, DAN HASIL TANAMAN PADI

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Hingdri -

      2013-03-01

      Full Text Available Teknik pengaturan air pada budidaya tanaman padi melalui Intensifikasi Padi Aerob Terkendali-Berbasis Organik (IPAT-BO perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengtahui aktivitas rhizobacteria, tingkat efisiensi penggunaan air, perkaran tanaman, dan hasil tanaman pada berbagai teknik pengaturan air.Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Winaya Mukti, Tanjungsari pada inceptisol pada skala pot plastik. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK faktor tunggal dengan 16 perlakuan dan diulang tiga kali, yaitu terdiri dari kombinasi antara perlakuan air dan empat varietas. Perlakuan air: tinggi muka air + 5cm, 0 cm, – 5 cm dan  – 10 cm. Empat varietas: Ciherang, Sintanur, Inpari 13 dan Fatmawati..Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruhnyata terhadap populasi Rhizobacteria, perkembangan akar, dan hasil tanaman. Perlakuan tinggi muka air – 10 cm varietas Fatmawati memberikan hasil tertinggi pada volume akar 186,67 ml, populasi bakteri Azotobacter sp. (1,43 x 1010 CFU g-1, bakteri pelarut fosfat (6,07 x 108 CFU g-1, hasil tanaman tertinggi 95,9 g rumpun-1 setara dengan 9,14 ton ha-1 serta meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air 47,1 % dibandingkan dengan pengenangan 5 cm.Kata kunci:  Teknik pengaturan air, efisiensi penggunaan air, IPAT-BO, populasi rhizobakteria

    15. PENGARUH KOMBINASI MACAM ZPT DENGAN LAMA PERENDAMAN YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN PEMBIBITAN SIRIH MERAH (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav SECARA STEK

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      Eko Anang Budianto

      2013-09-01

      Full Text Available Medicinal plants is one of Indonesia's agricultural potential to be developed and one of the medicinal plants that have bright prospects for the development of red betel, because in addition to be consumed as a medicinal plant, also as an ornamental plant. Effect of combination treatment with a long range of ZPT different immersion able to stimulate root growth in cuttings of red betel. This study aims to determine the effect of PGR combination with a long range of different immersion to the successful breeding of red betel cuttings. The study was conducted at the experimental farm of Agricultural Faculty of the University Trunojoyo Madura, in January to April 2012. The research method used was Randomized Design Group (RAK single factor with seven treatments and repeated four times. Range of ZPT is used there are two, namely IBA and NAA, while the use of immersion time is one hour, two hours and three hours. The results showed that the IBA with a three-hour long immersion gives a significant influence on the variable root length, root number and root dry weight, whereas NAA with the old one-hour immersion is a very real influence on the observations of variable length and dry weight of leaf buds.Keyword : red betel, ZPT, IBA, NAA

    16. Pengaruh Sistem Tanam Benih Langsung (TABELA, SRI (System of Rice Intensification dan Konvensional terhadap Gulma dan Hasil Padi (Oryza sativa L.

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      dessy sarfika

      2018-01-01

      Full Text Available Produksi padi pada tahun  2014 menurun dari tahun sebelumnya, tahun 2013 produksi padi mencapai 71.279.709 ton, sedangkan pada tahun 2014 produksi padi hanya mencapai 70.846.465 ton. Penurunan produksi padi dapat disebabkan oleh sistem tanam tanaman padi yang digunakan petani. Di Indonesia telah dikenal beberapa sistem tanam padi yaitu padi dengan sistem tanam benih langsung (tabela, SRI (System of Rice Intentification dan sistem konvensional. SRI termasuk dalam sistem tanam pindah (tapin bibit yang menggunakan sistem pengairan berselang namun berbeda dengan sistem tapin konvensional yang menggunakan sistem pengairan penggenangan pada lahan atau media tanam. Sistem tanam benih langsung dilakukan dengan cara menyemai benih ke lahan dengan kondisi air pada lahan macak-macak. Kondisi pengairan pada masing-masing sistem tanam yang berbeda menyebabkan adanya OPT. Salah satu OPT yang keberadaannya dipengaruhi  oleh sistem tanam yaitu gulma. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada media pot menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Dari hasil penelitian semua perlakuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, perlakuan sistem tanam konvensional dengan umur bibit 16 hari merupakan perlakuan yang terbaik dikarenakan populasi gulma yang rendah serta jumlah anakan, jumlah, malai, panjang malai, jumlah bulir per malai dan berat gabah tanaman padi memiliki rerata yang tertinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan yang lain. Kata Kunci : Sistem tanam, gulma, hasil padi

    17. ADAPTATION OF LOCAL SWEET POTATO CLONES IN THA LOWLANDS OF PAPUA

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      Demas Wamaer

      2017-07-01

      Full Text Available Objective of study was to obtain local clones of adaptive lowland ubijalar in Papua. Experiment was conducted in lowland dry season 2012/2013 in two locations, namely Keerom and Jayapura districts. Randomized Block Design (RAK, 10 local varieties of adaptive lowland Papua and two national superior varieties (Beta 2 and Cangkuang were used. Cultivation technique used is a bund system. Results: there were three local varieties with higher yield and yield potential than Beta-2 comparison varieties (22.4 t/ha with yield potential 22.9 t/ha and Cangkuang (20.6 t/ha with potential yield 21,6 ta/ha, while the three local varieties are Ningkay-3 having average productivity 27,5 t/ha (yield potential 28,0 t/ha Ningkay-6 has productivity 24,9 t ha yield potential 28.1 t/ha and Ordinance Tingkamang-1 has an average productivity of 23.8 t/ha (yield potential of 24.5 t/ha. These three varieties are Ningkay-3, Ningkay-6, and Oringking Tingkamang-1 each also has a very high tuber-dry production either compared to other test varieties or with a comparison variety, the averaged average is 9,3; 8,0 and 7.3 t/ha with dry matter 33.8; 32.3 and 30.8 percent respectively. Further testing with various seasons and more locations and varying altitude is required

    18. PENGEMBANGAN DAN PERANCANGAN TEMPAT TIDUR BAYI (BABY BOX YANG ERGONOMIS MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE AUTOCAD DENGA PENDEKATAN DATA ANTROPOMETRI

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      Agung Kristanto

      2011-01-01

      Full Text Available Dengan semakin majunya sistem informasi diluar maupun didalamnegeri, Kini masyarakat lebih memperhatikan atau tertarik pada produk-produk yang dihasilkan harus lebih mempunyai nilai ringkas atau flexibledan tentunya sesuai dengan harga dari produk tersebut, Hal ini menjadisebuah acuan bagi pengembang inovasi produk yang mementingkankeinginan masyarakat untuk mendapatkan kekuatan dari kalangan konsumen,Dengan mempertimbangkan usulan dari para orang tua maka penulismencoba menawarkan prototype tempat tidur balita yang sesuai dengandimensi antropometri tubuh bayi di Indonesia. Dengan maksud tempat tidurbayi tersebut mampu memberikan kenyamanan dan keamanan bagi bayi,khususnya kepuasan bagi para orang tua dalam mengasuh atau memfasilitasianaknya. Metodologi penelitian dilakukan dengan penggalian data dariresponden menggunakan metode Quality Funcion Deployment (QFD untukmengetahui keinginan dari konsumen, serta data antropometri untukmengetahui persentil dari ukuran yang diperlukan untuk merancang TempatTidur Bayi (Baby Box yang sesuai dengan dimensi tubuh bayi di Indonesia.Hasil penelitian ini dapat diketahui atribut-atribut tempat tidur bayi yangsesuai dengan keinginan pelanggan meliputi : Tempat tidur mampu menahanberat dan gerakan bayi, Dilengkapi dengan kain tile pelindung dari gigitannyamuk, Adanya rak tempat untuk menyimpan pakaian bayi, Warna tempattidur yang cerah, Adanya kantong tas sehingga mudah dibawa. Ukurantempat tidur bayi dikembangkan berdasarkan penerapan data antropometridengan menggunakan persentil 5-th dan 95-th sehingga diperoleh ukurantinggi tempat tidur bayi adalah 80cm, panjang 110 cm, dan lebar 80cm. 

    19. Strategies for reactor safety. Final report

      Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

      Andersson, K

      1997-12-01

      The NKS/RAK-1 project formed part of a four-year nuclear research program (1994-1997) in the Nordic countries, the NKS Programme. The project aims were to investigate and evaluate the safety work, to increase realism and reliability of the safety analysis, and to give ideas for how safety can be improved in selected areas. An evaluation of the safety work in nuclear installations in Finland and Sweden was made, and a special effort was devoted to plant modernisation and to see how modern safety standards can be met up with. A combination of more resources and higher efficiency is recommended to meet requirements from plant modernisation and plant renovations. Both the utilities and the safety authorities are recommended to actively follow the evolving safety standards for new reactors. Various approaches to estimating LOCA frequencies have been explored. In particular, a probabilistic model for pipe ruptures due to intergranular stress corrosion has been developed. A survey has been done over methodologies for integrated sequence analysis (ISA), and different approaches have been developed and tested on four sequences. Structured frameworks for integration between PSA and behavioural sciences have been developed, which e.g. have improved PSA. The status of maintenance strategies in Finland and Sweden has been studied and a new maintenance data information system has been developed. (au) 41 refs.

    20. Strategies for reactor safety. Final report

      International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

      Andersson, K.

      1997-12-01

      The NKS/RAK-1 project formed part of a four-year nuclear research program (1994-1997) in the Nordic countries, the NKS Programme. The project aims were to investigate and evaluate the safety work, to increase realism and reliability of the safety analysis, and to give ideas for how safety can be improved in selected areas. An evaluation of the safety work in nuclear installations in Finland and Sweden was made, and a special effort was devoted to plant modernisation and to see how modern safety standards can be met up with. A combination of more resources and higher efficiency is recommended to meet requirements from plant modernisation and plant renovations. Both the utilities and the safety authorities are recommended to actively follow the evolving safety standards for new reactors. Various approaches to estimating LOCA frequencies have been explored. In particular, a probabilistic model for pipe ruptures due to intergranular stress corrosion has been developed. A survey has been done over methodologies for integrated sequence analysis (ISA), and different approaches have been developed and tested on four sequences. Structured frameworks for integration between PSA and behavioural sciences have been developed, which e.g. have improved PSA. The status of maintenance strategies in Finland and Sweden has been studied and a new maintenance data information system has been developed. (au)

    1. APLIKASI PENSILBARIS1.2 UNTUK DESAIN KESELAMATAN IRADIATOR GAMMA BATAN 500K

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      M.S. Pudjijanto

      2015-04-01

      Full Text Available Aspek keselamatan penggunaaan radiasi gamma, khususnya penggunaan iradiator gamma perlu ditekankan untuk menjamin keselamatan personil maupun keselamatan lingkungan. Keselamatan radiasi pekerja diperhitungkan pada saat fasilitas iradiasi beroperasi normal dan ketika sedang dilakukan bongkar-muat sumber radiasi dan perawatan/perbaikan fasilitas dengan sumber radiasi berada di dalam kolam penyimpan atau di rak khusus penyimpan sumber. Jenis dan tebal dinding beton ruang papar yang sekaligus berfungsi sebagai perisai radiasi perlu dipertimbangkan, agar paparan radiasi di lingkungan fasilitas iradiator ini memenuhi kriteria keselamatan radiasi yang ditetapkan BAPETEN. Perhitungan dilakukan dengan menggunakan PensilBaris1.2 dengan teknik integrasi kernel titik dan sebagai pembanding digunakan program MCNP5 dengan teknik Monte Carlo. Fasilitas iradiator gamma inovatif yang akan didesain berdimensi panjang 13 m, lebar 6 m dan tinggi 4 m. Radiasi gamma bersumber dari 36-52 batang Cobalt-60 beraktivitas total 500 kCi yang disusun tegak berjajar yang berjarak sama dalam sepasang rak sejajar bertingka dua dengan panjang 135 cm dan tinggi 100 cm. Jarak pisang antara sepasang rak sumber gamma ditetapkan 120 cm. Hasil perhitungan program PensilBaris1.2 untuk dinding beton dengan kerapatan 2,45 g/cm3 berturut-turut memberikan 141,6; 164,4 dan 154,9 cm dan program MCNP5 berturut-turut memberikan ketebalan 145, 155 dan 140 cm. Perbedaan hasil dari kedua tool ini, selain disebabkan oleh teknik dan metode komputasi yang berbeda, disebabkan karena adanya perbedaan pustaka data tampang interaksi foton dengan materi dan faktor bangkit dosis yang digunakan. Hasil perhitungan menggunakan PensilBaris1.2 dengan kerapatan 2,35 g/cm3 memberikan tebal dinding beton dalam arah memanjang, melebar dan meninggi berturut-turut 147,4; 170,7 dan 161,4 cm. Kedalaman benam minimal ujung atas sumber dari permukaan air kolam menggunakan PensilBaris1.2 sebesar 4,85 meter untuk laju

    2. Characterization of four arginine kinases in the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia: Investigation on the substrate inhibition mechanism.

      Science.gov (United States)

      Yano, Daichi; Suzuki, Takaya; Hirokawa, Saki; Fuke, Kyoko; Suzuki, Tomohiko

      2017-08-01

      The ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia contains four arginine kinase genes (AK1-4). We detected cDNA for only three of the AKs (AK1-3) via PCR. Recombinant AK1-4 were expressed in Escherichia coli and their kinetics parameters determined. AK3 showed typical substrate inhibition toward arginine, and enzymatic activity markedly decreased when arginine concentration increased. This is the first example of substrate inhibition in wild-type phosphagen kinases. To explore the substrate inhibition mechanism, site-directed mutations were generated, targeting the amino acid sequence D-D-S-Q-V at positions 77-81 in P. tetraurelia AK3. Among the mutants, substrate inhibition was lost remarkably in the S79A mutant. In spite of high amino acid sequence identity (91%) between P. tetraurelia AK3 and AK4, the enzymatic activity of AK4 was less by 3% than that of AK3. We noticed that the conservative G298 was unusually replaced by R in P. tetraurelia AK4, and we constructed two mutants, R298G/AK4 and G298R/AK3. Enzymatic activity of the former mutant was comparable with that of the wild-type AK3, whereas that of the latter mutant was dramatically reduced. Thus, we concluded that the significantly low activity of P. tetraurelia AK4 is due to the residue R298. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    3. Yağ İçeriği Azaltılmış Beyaz Peynir Üretiminde Isıl İşlem Uygulanan Lactobacillus helveticus ve Lactobacillus bulgaricus Kültürlerinin Kullanımı

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      Ayşe Gürsoy

      2015-02-01

      Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, yağ içeriği azaltılmış Beyaz peynir örneklerinde, proteolizi teşvik ederek olgunlaşmayı hızlandırmak ve böylece yapı ve tadı iyileştirmek amacıyla, isti işlem uygulanan L.helveticus ve L. bulgaricus kültürlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Bunun için kurumaddede %20 yağ içerecek şekilde peynir üretimi gerçekleştirilmiş, ayrıca karşılaştırma amacıyla yağlı peynir örneği (kurumaddede %40 yağ de üretilmiştir. Peynirler 7±1 °C'de olgunlaşmaya bırakılarak 0, 7, 15, 30, 60 ve 90. günlerde fiziksel, kimyasal ve duyusal nitelikleri yönünden analiz edilmiştir. Isıl işlem uygulamasıyla yardımcı kültür haline getirilen L.helveticus ve L. bulgaricus kullanımı az yağlı beyaz peynir örneklerinin genel bileşimini etkilememiş olgunlaşmanın hızlandırılmasında da fazla etkili olmamıştır.

    4. Dėl keleto retesnių liaudinių vaivorykštės pavadinimų

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Rūta Buivydienė

      2011-12-01

      Full Text Available ON SEVERAL RARE FOLK TERMS FOR ‘RAINBOW’ (LITH. vaivórykštėSummaryThe article deals with several rare folk names for ‘rainbow’ in the Lithuanian language: vaivóraikštė, vaivórakštė, vovẽrykščia, stangà, žebeñkštė, sverblė̃, varykštė, vorykštė. These names and their etymological aspects are discussed, the motivation for such names is described; the relation of these words to other more frequent terms for ‘rainbow’ is examined. Most of the words in question (with the exception, probably, of the term stangà, which might possibly also be of foreign origin, cf. Pol. stęga, wstęga ‘ribbon, swathe, sash’ have originated under the influence of folk etymology manifested here in various different ways. An attempt is made to demonstrate, in particular, in what way and why the forms of the analysed words have been altered, what caused their particular transformations, how the words acquired their present shapes. An attempt is also made to show the sequence of the influences of the associative “mechanisms” of folk etymology. Attention is drawn to the fact that the designation of this marvellous natural phenomenon, having innumerable mythological interpretations and related to different beliefs in various cultures of the world, has become in the Lithuanian language a real “favourite” of folk etymology.

    5. Serapan Fosfor dan Pertumbuhan Kedelai(Glycine max pada Tanah Ultisol dengan Pemberian Asam Humat

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      Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih

      2017-08-01

      Full Text Available Ultisol merupakan salah satu jenis tanah asam yang memiliki kelarutan Al, Fe, dan Mn tinggi, serta kandungan P dan Moyang rendah. KelarutanAl dan Fe yangtinggiakan menjerap fosfat, sehingga ketersediaan dan serapan P bagi tanaman menjadi rendah. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi ketidaktersediaan P pada tanah Ultisol yaitu dengan penambahan asam humat. Asam humat merupakan makromolekul polielektrolit yang memiliki gugus fungsional seperti -COOH, -OH fenolat, maupun -OH alkoholat,sehingga asam humat memiliki kemampuan untuk membentuk kompleks dengan ion logam. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk: (1 mengetahui pengaruh asam humat terhadap serapan P dan pertumbuhan tanaman kedelai (2 menentukan konsentrasi asam humat yang paling baikdalam meningkatkan serapan P dan pertumbuhan tanaman kedelai. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK. Pengelompokan didasarkan atas perbedaan intensitas cahaya yang ada di rumah kaca. Perlakuan berupa konsentrasi asam humat, dengan 5 konsentrasi yang berbeda yaitu 0 ppm, 400 ppm, 800 ppm, 1200 ppm dan 1600 ppm. Parameter yang diukur meliputi tinggi tanaman, luas daun, bobot basah, dan bobot kering, P tersedia serta P tanaman. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakananalisis ragam pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% dan 99%. Apabila hasil perlakuan berpengaruh nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asam humat berpengaruh terhadap serapan P dan pertumbuhan kedelai pada tanah Ultisol. Asam humat 1200 ppm merupakan perlakuan paling baik dalam meningkatkan ketersediaan P, sehingga mampu meningkatkanpertumbuhan kedelai pada tanah Ultisol.

    6. Kefir

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Celalettin Koçak

      2015-02-01

      Full Text Available Kefir çok eski bir fermente süt mamülü olup, hammaddesi keçi, koyun ve inek sütüdür. %0.6-0.8 alkol içermesi nedeniyle fermente süt içkisi olarak tanınır. Günümüzde kefirin birçok hastalıklar üzerindeki iyileştirici etkisinden dolayı önemi artmıştır. Kefir üretiminde fermantasyonu sağlamak üzere kefir tanelerinden yararlanılır. Kefir taneleri sarımtırak renkte olup takriben bezelye büyüklüğündedir. Bu taneler kazein ve birbirleri ile ortaklaşa yaşayan mikroorganizmaların meydana getirdiği jelatinimsi kolonilerden oluşmuştur. Bu kolonilerin florasına bakteri ve mayalar hakimdir. Kefir üretiminde kullanılacak sütler homojenize ve ısıtma işlemlerine tabi tutulduktan sonra, kefir taneleri kullanılarak hazırlanan bulk starter ilave edilerek inkübasyona alınır. Bu evrede, laktik asit, alkol CO2 oluşmakta, kefir özel maya tat ve aroması kazanmaktadır. İnkübasyondan sonra olgunlaştırılarak paketlenen kefir tüketime sunulmaya hazır hale gelir.

    7. PERFORMANS KELINCI LOKAL (Lepus nigricollis YANG DIBERI RANSUM DENGAN KANDUNGAN ENERGI BERBEDA

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      I M. NURIYASA

      2014-06-01

      Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performans kelinci jantan lokal (Lepus nigricollis yang diberi ransum dengan kandungan energi termetabolis berbeda. Percobaan dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK dengan empat perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah: ransum dengan kandungan energi termetabolis 2200 K.kal/kg (R1, 2500 K.kal/kg (R2, 2800 K.kal/kg (R3 dan 3100 K.kal/kg (R4. Ransum dibuat iso protein dengan kandungan protein kasar 16%. Kelinci yang dipergunakan adalah kelinci jantan lokal lepas sapih dengan umur 4-5 minggu. Variabel yang diamati adalah koefisien cerna bahan kering, efisiensi perubahan GE menjadi DE, berat badan akhir, konsumsi ransum, pertambahan berat badan dan konsumsi air minum. Tidak terjadi perbedaan yang nyata (P>0,05 pada perlakuan ransum terhadap variabel koefisien cerna bahan kering, efisiensi perubahan GE menjadi DE dan konsumsi air minum. Kelinci yang mendapat perlakuan ransum R1 menghasilkan berat badan akhir paling rendah yang berbeda nyata (P0,05 dibandingkan dengan R4. Nilai konversi ransum pada kelinci yang mendapat perlakuan R1 paling tinggi yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05 dibandingkan dengan R2, R3 dan R4. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ransum dengan kandungan energi termetabolis 2800 K.kal/kg (R3 menghasilkan performans lebih tinggi daripada 2200 K.kal/kg (R1, 2500 K.kal/kg (R2 dan 3100 K.kal/kg (R4.

    8. A cognitive task analysis of the SGTR scenario

      International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

      Hollnagel, E.; Edland, A.; Svenson, O.

      1996-04-01

      This report constitutes a contribution to the NKS/RAK-1:3 project on Integrated Sequence Analysis. Following the meeting at Ringhals, the work was proposed to be performed by the following three steps: Task 1. Cognitive Task Analysis of the E-3 procedure. Task 2. Evaluation and revision of task analysis with Ringhals/KSU experts. Task 3. Integration with simulator data. The Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) of Task 1 uses the Goals-Means Task Analysis (GMTA) method to identify the sequence of tasks and task steps necessary to achieve the goals of the procedure. It is based on material supplied by Ringhals, which describes the E-3 procedure, including the relevant ES and ECA procedures. The analysis further outlines the cognitive demands profile associated with individual task steps as well as with the task as a whole, as an indication of the nominal task load. The outcome of the cognitive task analysis provides a basis for proposing an adequate event tree. This report describes the results from Task 1. The work has included a two-day meeting between the three contributors, as well as the exchange of intermediate results and comments throughout the period. After the initial draft of the report was prepared, an opportunity was given to observe the SGTR scenario in a full-scope training simulator, and to discuss the details with the instructors. This led to several improvements from the initial draft. (EG)

    9. EFEKTIVITAS AGENS PENGENDALI HAYATI DAN INSEKTISIDA SINTETIK TERHADAP HAMA TANAMAN PADI DI KECAMATAN MAYANG KABUPATEN JEMBER

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Suci Maghfiratul

      2017-12-01

      Full Text Available ABSTRAKPadi (Oryza sativa L merupakan komoditas tanaman pangan utama di Indonesia. Hambatan dalam produksi padi yaitu serangan Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman (OPT. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui efektivitas APH (Agens Pengendali Hayati dalam mengendalikan OPT serta mengetahui pengaruh pengendalian APH terhadap produksi padi. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan pertanaman padi di Kecamatan Mayang, Kabupaten Jember pada bulan juni sampai september 2014. Penelitian dirancang dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK yang terdiri 5 perlakuan yaitu: P1 = Nematoda Entomopatogen (NEP, P2 = Beauveria bassiana, P3 = Bakteri Merah Serratia spp., P4 = Insektisida, dan P5 = Kontrol setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Parameter yang diamati meliputi jenis hama pada tanaman padi: belalang hijau, kepik hijau, dan walang sangit, populasi hama pada tanaman padi, produksi padi yang meliputi berat basah dan berat kering hasil panen padi. Hasil pengematan menunjukkan bahwa berbagai jenis APH memiliki pengaruh yang tidak signifikan terhadap penurunan populasi hama belalang hijau (Oxya sp dengan rerata populasi mencapai 4,12 ekor/10rumpun, populasi kepik hijau (Nezara viridula dengan rerata 0,56 ekor/10rumpun dan walang sangit (Leptocorisa oratorius F. dengan rerata 4,76 ekor/10rumpun diakhir pengamatan (91 HST. Hasil berat gabah kering sawah dan berat gabah kering giling terbanyak yaitu pada perlakuan P4 (Insektisida sebesar 532 gram dan 432 gram, sedangkan hasil produksi terkecil pada perlakuan P3 (Bakteri merah sebesar 468 gram dan 390 gram.Kata kunci: Padi, Hama, Agens hayati 

    10. Nutrient uptake of NPK and result of some rice varieties in tidal land by using combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer

      Science.gov (United States)

      Marlina, Neni; Rompas, Joni Phillep; Marlina, Musbik

      2017-09-01

      Rice planting in tidal land has two main problems: iron (Fe) which has the potential to poison rice and low nutrient availability. Azospirillum enriched chicken manure and phosphate solvent bacteria (Biological Organic Fertilizer = BOF) is an option to overcome iron toxicity and as a source of nutrition. The objective of the study was to obtain a combination of biological organic fertilizers and balanced inorganic fertilizers in reducing doses of inorganic fertilizers, increasing NPK nutrient uptake and yield of several rice varieties in tidal land. This research used Factorial RAK with 25 treatment combinations that were repeated three times. Factor I is a combination of BOF and anorganic fertilizer with 5 levels of treatment (no inorganic fertilizers, BOF 400 kg / ha with inorganic fertilizer 25% NPK, BOF 400 kg / ha with inorganic fertilizer 50% NPK and BOF 400 kg / ha with fertilizer Inorganic 75% NPK). Factor II is several rice varieties (IPB 4S, Martapura, Margasari, Inpara 5, Inpara 7). The results showed that organic fertilizer 400 kg / ha can reduce the use of inorganic fertilizer by 75% of NPK fertilizer. The highest NPK nutrient absorption is in the treatment of organic fertilizer 400 kg / ha and inorganic fertilizer 25% of NPK fertilizer. Production of biological organic fertilizer 400 kg / ha with inorganic fertilizer 25% NPK and 4B IPB varieties 727.77% higher when compared with without the provision of organic fertilizer with Inpara 5 varieties.

    11. Safety against releases in severe accidents. Final report

      International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

      Lindholm, I.; Berg, Oe.; Nonboel, E.

      1997-12-01

      The work scope of the RAK-2 project has involved research on quantification of the effects of selected severe accident phenomena for Nordic nuclear power plants, development and testing of a computerised accident management support system and data collection and description of various mobile reactors and of different reactor types existing in the UK. The investigations of severe accident phenomena focused mainly on in-vessel melt progression, covering a numerical assessment of coolability of a degraded BWR core, the possibility and consequences of a BWR reactor to become critical during reflooding and the core melt behavior in the reactor vessel lower plenum. Simulant experiments were carried out to investigate lower head hole ablation induced by debris discharge. In addition to the in-vessel phenomena, a limited study on containment response to high pressure melt ejection in a BWR and a comparative study on fission product source term behaviour in a Swedish PWR were performed. An existing computerised accident management support system (CAMS) was further developed in the area of tracking and predictive simulation, signal validation, state identification and user interface. The first version of a probabilistic safety analysis module was developed and implemented in the system. CAMS was tested in practice with Barsebaeck data in a safety exercise with the Swedish nuclear authority. The descriptions of the key features of British reactor types, AGR, Magnox, FBR and PWR were published as data reports. Separate reports were issued also on accidents in nuclear ships and on description of key features of satellite reactors. The collected data were implemented in a common Nordic database. (au)

    12. GAMBARAN STRES KERJA PEGAWAI BAGIAN REKAM MEDIS RUMAH SAKIT BHAKTI WIRATAMTAMA SEMARANG

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Dewi Sartika

      2016-07-01

      Full Text Available Faktor penyebab stres kerja adalah lingkungan kerja yang kurang nyaman, konsultasi yang tidak efektif dan konflik antara tuntutan keluarga dan tuntutan instansi. Penelitian kualitatif dilakukan untuk memperoleh gambaran stres kerja pegawai bagian rekam medis rumah sakit Bhakti Wiratamtama Semarang. Jenis penelitianini adalah penelitiankualitatif deskriptif menggunakan teknik snowball sampling. Informan utama berjumlah 15 pegawai dan 2 triangulasi. Hasil yang diperoleh, yaitu informan mengeluhkan mengalami stres kerja akibat rak fililng yang kurang rapi dan pengembalian dokumen rekam medis pasien yang terlambat dan lingkungan kerja yang kurang baik. Adanya pertemuan triwulan dapat mengurangi masalah yang dihadapi oleh pegawai. Saran bagi pegawai yaitu petugas filing melakukan pemilahan dokumen rekam medis antara lembar yang akan diabadikan dan dimusnahkan. Rumah sakit disarankan dalam pembersihan berkas pasien dan penataan ruang lebih ditata dengan rapi agar pegawai nyaman dalam mobilisasi dalam bekerja.   Factors that cause occupational stress are the inconvenient occupational environment, ineffective consultation and conflict between family agency requirement. The purpose of this qualitative research is to get occupational stress overview of medical record employee in Bhakti Wiratamtama Semarang Hospital. This research method is qualitative research using snowball sampling. The informants consist of 15 key informants and 2 triangulation informants. The informans were complained about untidy shelves and late of medical record returning. Quarterly meeting to reduce this problem. Suggestion to employee was to sorting the medical record document, and to select wich one to be saved. Suggestion to hospital was to clean up patients documents and tidy up the room so the employee can work with comfort.

    13. PENGGUNAAN KITOSAN CANGKANG BEKICOT (ACHANTINA FULICA UNTUK BAHAN PENGAWET ALAMI BERBAGAI JENIS SAYURAN SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR DALAM PERENCANAAN PEMBELAJARAN BIOTEKNOLOGI

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Nur Aisyah

      2015-07-01

      Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kandungan vitamin C dan pH dalam sayuran bunga kol, kubis dan buncis yang diawetkan dengan kitosan cangkang bekicot selama proses penyimpanan dan untuk mengetahui berapakah konsentrasi kitosan cangkang bekicot yang paling efektif sebagai bahan pengawet sayuran tersebut. Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan melalui True Experimental Research. Tempat dan waktu penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kimia Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang yang berlangsung pada tanggal 23 Juni – 6 Juli 2014. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK dengan 6 perlakuan dan 4 kali ulangan pada bunga kol, kubis dan buncis yaitu C0, K0 dan B0 (Kontrol, C1, K1 dan B1 (0,5%, C2, K2 dan B2 (1%, C3, K3 dan B3(1,5%l, C4, K4 dan B4 (2%, C5, K5 dan B5 (2,5%, Analisis data menggunakan analisis varians satu arah dan uji beda jarak nyata Duncan pada taraf signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh pemberian konsentrasi kitosan cangkang bekicot (Achantina fulica terhadap perbedaan kandungan vitamin C sayuran bunga kol, kubis dan buncis dari hari per hari selama penyimpanan. Perubahan kandungan vitamin C paling kecil terjadi pada perlakuan 1,5% dan paling besar pada perlakuan kontrol. Pemberian konsentrasi kitosan cangkang bekicot (Achantina fulica 1,5% adalah yang paling efektif mempengaruhi kandungan fitamin C sayuran bunga kol, kubis dan buncis. Hasil penelitian diaplikasikan pada perencanaan pembelajaran SMA kelas XII materi bioteknologi

    14. Mlh1 deficiency in normal mouse colon mucosa associates with chromosomally unstable colon cancer

      Science.gov (United States)

      Pussila, Marjaana; Törönen, Petri; Einarsdottir, Elisabet; Katayama, Shintaro; Krjutškov, Kaarel; Holm, Liisa; Kere, Juha; Peltomäki, Päivi; Mäkinen, Markus J; Linden, Jere; Nyström, Minna

      2018-01-01

      Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) genome is unstable and different types of instabilities, such as chromosomal instability (CIN) and microsatellite instability (MSI) are thought to reflect distinct cancer initiating mechanisms. Although 85% of sporadic CRC reveal CIN, 15% reveal mismatch repair (MMR) malfunction and MSI, the hallmarks of Lynch syndrome with inherited heterozygous germline mutations in MMR genes. Our study was designed to comprehensively follow genome-wide expression changes and their implications during colon tumorigenesis. We conducted a long-term feeding experiment in the mouse to address expression changes arising in histologically normal colonic mucosa as putative cancer preceding events, and the effect of inherited predisposition (Mlh1+/−) and Western-style diet (WD) on those. During the 21-month experiment, carcinomas developed mainly in WD-fed mice and were evenly distributed between genotypes. Unexpectedly, the heterozygote (B6.129-Mlh1tm1Rak) mice did not show MSI in their CRCs. Instead, both wildtype and heterozygote CRC mice showed a distinct mRNA expression profile and shortage of several chromosomal segregation gene-specific transcripts (Mlh1, Bub1, Mis18a, Tpx2, Rad9a, Pms2, Cenpe, Ncapd3, Odf2 and Dclre1b) in their colon mucosa, as well as an increased mitotic activity and abundant numbers of unbalanced/atypical mitoses in tumours. Our genome-wide expression profiling experiment demonstrates that cancer preceding changes are already seen in histologically normal colon mucosa and that decreased expressions of Mlh1 and other chromosomal segregation genes may form a field-defect in mucosa, which trigger MMR-proficient, chromosomally unstable CRC. PMID:29701748

    15. Kadın Çalışanların Yöneticilere İlişkin Algıları: Bir Alan Çalışması

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      İsmail BAKAN

      2013-09-01

      Full Text Available İşletmelerde yönetim kademesinde yer alan kişilerin ne tür bir liderlik tarzına sahip oldukları çalışanların davranışları ve işletmeye ilişkin tutumları üzerinde önemli etkiye sahiptir. Bu nedenle işletmelerdeki yöneticilerin liderlik tarzlarının çalışanlar açısından nasıl algılandığının tespit edilerek ortaya konulması yöneticiler tarafından başarılı bir yönetim sergilenmesinde yol gösterici olacaktır. Literatürde liderlik tarzlarına ilişkin çeşitli ayrımlar bulunmakta olup bu çalışmada öncelikle liderlik kavramı ve liderlik tarzlarına ilişkin genel bilgiler verilerek, daha sonra otokratik, demokratik ve serbest bırakıcı liderlik tarzları açıklanacaktır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde ise Kahramanmaraş’ta lokomotif sektör olarak görülen tekstil sektöründe, kadın çalışanların çalıştıkları işletmelerde bulunan yöneticilerin, liderlik tarzlarına ilişkin algılarını ölçmek amacıyla yapılan bir alan araştırmasına yer verilecektir.

    16. Air-conditioning and ventilation systems and components of nuclear facilities

      International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

      2006-01-01

      The Guide defines the requirements for the design, implementation and operation of the air-conditioning and ventilation systems of nuclear facilities belonging to safety classes 3 and 4, and for the related documents to be submitted to STUK (Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Finland). Furthermore, the Guide describes the inspections of air-conditioning and ventilation systems to be conducted by STUK during construction and operation of the facilities. As far as systems and components belonging to safety class 2 are concerned, STUK sets additional requirements case by case. In general, air-conditioning systems refer to systems designed to manage the indoor air cleanness, temperature, humidity and movement. In some rooms of a nuclear power plant, ventilation systems are also used to prevent radioactive materials from spreading outside the rooms. Guide YVL1.0 defines the safety principles concerning the air-conditioning and ventilation of nuclear power plants. Guide YVL2.0 gives the requirements for the design of nuclear power plant systems. In addition, YVLGuide groups 3, 4, 5 and 7 deal with the requirements for air-conditioning and ventilation systems with regard to the mechanical equipment, fire prevention, electrical systems, instrumentation and control technology, and the restriction of releases. The rules and regulations issued by the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of the Interior (RakMK, the Finnish building code) concerning the design and operation of air-conditioning and ventilation systems and the related fire protection design bases also apply to nuclear facilities. Exhaust gas treatment systems, condenser vacuum systems of boiling water reactor plants and leak collection systems are excluded from the scope of this Guide

    17. Molecular analysis of the genus Asparagus based on matK sequences and its application to identify A. racemosus, a medicinally phytoestrogenic species.

      Science.gov (United States)

      Boonsom, Teerawat; Waranuch, Neti; Ingkaninan, Kornkanok; Denduangboripant, Jessada; Sukrong, Suchada

      2012-07-01

      The plant Asparagus racemosus is one of the most widely used sources of phytoestrogens because of its high content of the steroidal saponins, shatavarins I-IV, in roots. The dry root of A. racemosus, known as "Rak-Sam-Sip" in Thai, is one of the most popular herbal medicines, used as an anti-inflammatory, an aphrodisiac and a galactagogue. Recently, the interest in plant-derived estrogens has increased tremendously, making A. racemosus particularly important and a possible target for fraudulent labeling. However, the identification of A. racemosus is generally difficult due to its similar morphology to other Asparagus spp. Thus, accurate authentication of A. racemosus is essential. In this study, 1557-bp nucleotide sequences of the maturase K (matK) gene of eight Asparagus taxa were analyzed. A phylogenetic relationship based on the matK gene was also constructed. Ten polymorphic sites of nucleotide substitutions were found within the matK sequences. A. racemosus showed different nucleotide substitutions to the other species. A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the matK gene was developed to discriminate A. racemosus from others. Only the 650-bp PCR product from A. racemosus could be digested with BssKI into two fragments of 397 and 253-bp while the products of other species remained undigested. Ten commercially crude drugs were analyzed and revealed that eight samples were derived from A. racemosus while two samples of that were not. Thus, the PCR-RFLP analysis of matK gene was shown to be an effective method for authentication of the medicinally phytoestrogenic species, A. racemosus. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    18. Safety against releases in severe accidents. Final report

      Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

      Lindholm, I.; Berg, Oe.; Nonboel, E. [eds.

      1997-12-01

      The work scope of the RAK-2 project has involved research on quantification of the effects of selected severe accident phenomena for Nordic nuclear power plants, development and testing of a computerised accident management support system and data collection and description of various mobile reactors and of different reactor types existing in the UK. The investigations of severe accident phenomena focused mainly on in-vessel melt progression, covering a numerical assessment of coolability of a degraded BWR core, the possibility and consequences of a BWR reactor to become critical during reflooding and the core melt behavior in the reactor vessel lower plenum. Simulant experiments were carried out to investigate lower head hole ablation induced by debris discharge. In addition to the in-vessel phenomena, a limited study on containment response to high pressure melt ejection in a BWR and a comparative study on fission product source term behaviour in a Swedish PWR were performed. An existing computerised accident management support system (CAMS) was further developed in the area of tracking and predictive simulation, signal validation, state identification and user interface. The first version of a probabilistic safety analysis module was developed and implemented in the system. CAMS was tested in practice with Barsebaeck data in a safety exercise with the Swedish nuclear authority. The descriptions of the key features of British reactor types, AGR, Magnox, FBR and PWR were published as data reports. Separate reports were issued also on accidents in nuclear ships and on description of key features of satellite reactors. The collected data were implemented in a common Nordic database. (au) 39 refs.

    19. Ekstraksi Oleoresin dari Limbah Penyulingan Pala Menggunakan Ultrasonik

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Normalina Arpi

      2013-12-01

      Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh ukuran partikel limbah penyulingan pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt. dan suhu ekstraksi terhadap rendemen dan mutu oleoresin pala yang dihasilkan pada proses ekstraksi pelarut menggunakan bantuan ultrasonik. Etanol mutu teknis (technical grade digunakan sebagai pelarut. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK Faktorial dengan ulangan sebagai kelompok yang terdiri dari ukuran partikel bahan (P yaitu P1= 10 mesh, P2= 40 mesh dan P3= 60 mesh dan suhu ekstraksi (S yaitu S1= 40oC, S2= 50oC dan S3= 60oC. Analisis oleoresin pala yang dilakukan meliputi analisis awal (kadar air dan kadar abu dan analisis akhir (bobot jenis, indeks bias, dan sisa pelarut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ukuran partikel dan suhu ekstraksi berpengaruh terhadap rendemen dan mutu oleoresin yang dihasilkan. Rendemen tertinggi sebesar 7,16% diperoleh pada  ukuran partikel 10 mesh dan suhu 60oC. Hasil analisis bobot jenis oleoresin menunjukkan bahwa bobot jenis tertinggi yaitu 1,250 dihasilkan pada suhu ekstraksi 50oC. Sementara itu, hasil analisis indeks bias oleoresin menunjukkan bahwa ukuran partikel dan suhu ekstraksi memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata terhadap oleoresin pala dimana ukuran partikel 40 mesh pada suhu ekstraksi 40oC dan 60oC  serta ukuran partikel 60 mesh pada suhu 50oC memiliki nilai indeks bias yang lebih tinggi yaitu berkisar antara 1,476 hingga 1,480. Hasil analisis sisa pelarut juga menunjukkan bahwa ukuran partikel dan suhu ekstraksi berpengaruh terhadap tingginya sisa pelarut, dimana ukuran partikel 10 mesh mengandung sisa pelarut 0,229% dan suhu ekstraksi 40oC mengandung sisa pelarut 0,265%.

    20. Wybrane zachowania zdrowotne oraz czynniki ryzyka raka piersi w grupie pielęgniarek województwa lubelskiego i podkarpackiego = Selected health behaviours and risk factors of breast cancer in nurses group from Lublin and Subcarpathian provinces

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Ewa Smoleń

      2016-07-01

      Department of Development in Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, Lublin   Słowa kluczowe: rak piersi, zapobieganie, ryzyko zachorowania, pielęgniarki. Key words: breast cancer, prevention, risk, nurses.   Streszczenie Wstęp. Do najważniejszych czynników ryzyka zachorowania na raka piersi zalicza się: płeć żeńską, wiek powyżej 64 r.ż., mutacje genowe, rozpoznanie nowotworu piersi u dwóch lub więcej krewnych I stopnia, przebyty rak piersi oraz zmiany w piersi. W profilaktyce raka piersi ważne znaczenie obok badań przesiewowych ma podejmowanie prozdrowotnych zachowań zdrowotnych, zmniejszających ryzyko zachorowania. Cel pracy. Ocena zachowań zdrowotnych pielęgniarek w zakresie profilaktyki raka piersi oraz ryzyka rozwoju chorób nowotworowych w badanej grupie kobiet. Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono metodą sondażu diagnostycznego w grupie 184 pielęgniarek województwa lubelskiego i podkarpackiego. Zastosowano kwestionariusz ankiety własnej konstrukcji. W analizie statystycznej posłużono się testem χ2 Pearsona. Wyniki. U ponad połowy respondentek w rodzinie notowano wystąpienie nowotworu, a u co dziesiątej był to nowotwór piersi. Jedna dziesiąta pielęgniarek deklarowała rozpoczęcie miesiączkowania w 12 r.ż. Większość pielęgniarek deklarowała karmienie naturalne w okresie macierzyństwa. Średnia wieku pierwszej wizyty u ginekologa to 20 lat. Ponad połowa badanych pielęgniarek deklarowała prawidłową masę ciała oraz podejmowanie aktywności fizycznej. Wykazano niewielkie różnice istotne statystycznie w poszczególnych zachowaniach w obu badanych grupach pielęgniarek. Wnioski. Zagrożenie wystąpieniem nowotworów piersi u badanych pielęgniarek związane było w głównej mierze z rodzinnym obciążeniem nowotworowym oraz wczesnym rozpoczęciem menstruacji, co zalicza się do czynników niepodlegających modyfikacji. Brak aktywności fizycznej oraz występowanie otyłości to czynniki

    1. Kombucha fermentation test used for various types of herbal teas

      Science.gov (United States)

      Novi Primiani, C.; Pujiati; Mumtahanah, Mahda; Ardhi, Waskitho

      2018-05-01

      Tea is a common drink in the community, the benefits of tea can be improved by processing fermented tea called kombucha. Kombucha is a refreshing drink made from tea water plus sugar, obtained through the fermentation process by acetic acid bacteria and fungi, is consumed for its health benefits. The common Kombucha starter is called SCOOBY (Simbyotic of Bacteri and Yeast). Kombucha research using herbal tea is very rarely done, it is necessary kombucha research using a variety of herbal teas to determine the quality of its inhibitory power against bacteria and its quality compared with kombucha berkomposisi tea Camelia sinensis in general. The purpose of this research was to know kombucha quality with ph parameter, thickness of nata, total acid and its inhibitory power to Escherchia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This research used Randomized Block Design (RAK) method using 1 tea type treatment, with 3 replications. The first type of green tea (P1), roselle tea (P2), mangosteen peel tea (P3), soursop leaf tea (P4), moringa leaf tea (P5) and yellow leaf tea (P6), so there are 18 treatment combinations. Based on statistical analysis, there was influence of tea type to kombucha quality. Treatments of P1 and P2 were found to have an optimum and significant effect for kombucha. the results in level of acidity [pH] on green tea (P1) was 3.05, nata thickness of 4.63 and total acid of 0.69. Acidity in roselle tea (P2) was 2.86, nata thickness of 3.83, and total acid of 0.71. While the lowest quality was found in the treatment of mangosteen peel (P3) tea with pH 2.57, nata thickness of 0.35, and total acid of 0.79.

    2. CAMS achievements in 1995

      International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

      Berg, Oe.; Fantoni, P.; Iguchi, Y.; Meyer, G.; Soerensen, A.; Dyck, C. van.

      1996-01-01

      CAMS (Computerized Accident Management Support) is a system being developed as a joint research activity at the Halden Reactor Project with additional financing from the Swedish Nuclear Inspectorate (SKI) and the Nordic NKS/RAK-2 project. Three types of users are envisaged: the staff in the control room, the staff in the technical support centre and the staff at a national emergency centre. It is still an experimental system. The Swedish Nuclear Inspectorate kindly accepted to test CAMS at a safety exercise on the 4th of May, 1995. CAMS is designed assuming automatic data transfer from the plant. Missing the data link, a simulator running in the next room was updated now and then with data received by phone. As seen from CAMS, it did not matter if the data came from a fake plant or from a real plant, except that the data were delayed. Overall, it seemed that CAMS can be a very important tool for a national authority. A data link from the plant would increase its usefulness. Several comments on design features were collected and will be used to improve the system. The model needs more inputs to control the main parameters, and a larger repertoire of fault conditions should be put into the model. In the second half of 1995 the work on CAMS has concentrated upon designing new modules for signal validation, tracking simulation and state identification. This will provide better capabilities for on-line monitoring and assessment of the plant state. Further, it has been proposed to introduce Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) to assist in risk monitoring. A first prototype has been made on a personal computer showing the main features of such a PSA module. (au)

    3. Uji Adaptasi Galur Mutan Harapan Padi Gogo pada Lokasi Lahan Kering Dataran Tinggi Iklim Basah

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      S.A.N. ARYAWATI

      2015-09-01

      Full Text Available Adaptation Test of Promising Upland Rice Mutant Line On Dry Highland With Wet Climate. Upland rice productivity is still low, productivity can be improved by using high yielding varieties through the breeding programs, by the Agency for agricultural research (BATAN. Test adaptation is necessary to determine the superiority of promising lines. The objective of this research was to determine adaptability, performance of growth, and productivity of mutant lines of upland rice. Research used randomized complete block design (RAK single factor with 10 lines of treatment the results of gene mutation and 2 check varieties with three replications. Those treatments were PMG 01/Psj, PMG 02/Psj, PMG 03/Psj, PMG 04/Psj, PMG 05/Psj, PMG 06/Psj, PMG 07/Psj, PMG 08/Psj, PMG 09/Psj, PMG 10/Psj, Limboto and Local. The research was conducted on August 2014 until February 2015 in Tiga Village, District Susut, Bangli regency at high dry land wet climate. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (Annova and LSD test at 5% level. The results showed that tested of promising mutant lines show significant differences were observed in all parameters. Treatment of lines PMG 05/Psj, PMG 06/Psj, and PMG 08/Psj gave a yield of 2.22; 2.66; and 3.18 tons GKG/ha or higher than Limboto and Local check varieties as big as 2.04 and 0.90 tones GKG/ha. The three lines showed the parameters of flowering dates, number of filled grain, empty grain, and weight of 1000 grain, harvest time, KAR leaf, and chlorophyll better than check varieties. Lines of PMG 08/Psj gave the results 36.49% higher than Limboto and 71.78% higher than local varieties.

    4. magna (Straus, 1820.

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Hatice Parlak

      2015-12-01

      Full Text Available Nif Çayi Kirletilmiş Tatli Su ve Sedimentinin Daphnia magna (Strauss, 1820 Üzerine Akut Ve Kronik Toksisitesi. Nif Çayı Endüstriyel, evsel ve tarımsal deşarjlar ile doğrudan kirlenmektedir. Çayın suyunun evsel ve endüstriyel alanlarda sulama ve yıkama suyu olarak kullanılması rahatsızlık verici boyuttadır, bu nedenle doğal populasyonlar için potansiyel toksisitesinin bilinmesi büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Nif Çayı su ve sediment örneklerinin su piresi Daphnia magna kullanılarak toksisitesinin belirlenmesidir. Su ve sediment örneklerinin letal toksisitesi 48-saat akut test, subletal toksisite ise 7-gün kronik test ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. D.magna kullanılarak yapılan 48 saat Akut test sonuçlarına göre LC 50 değerleri su örnekleri için 6.8 ile 12.67 µl/L arasında sediment örnekleri içn 6.826 ile 38.038 µg/L arasında bulunmuştur. Subletal konsantrasyonlara maruz bırakılarak yapılan kronik testler sonucunda tüm istasyonlardan alınan su ve sediment örneklerin canlının üremesi üzerine negatif etkisi olduğu gözlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler ışığında bu deneme sisteminin rutin kirlilik belirleme çalışmaları için uygunluğu tespit edilmiştir

    5. Consistent codling moth population decline by two years of mating disruption in apple: a Flemish case study.

      Science.gov (United States)

      Bangels, E; Beliën, T

      2012-01-01

      Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) is one of the most important pests in apple and pear. In 2010 mating disruption became a key pest management tactic in Flemish pip fruit orchards, largely due to a government subsidy and demonstrating projects aiming to widen the area treated by pheromones as large as possible. As a consequence, the mating disruption strategy was applied at approximately 7.500 ha, or half of the pip fruit area, in 2010 and 2011. The sudden large-scale implementation of this technique changed the codling moth management landscape. Here we present a case study of a commercially managed orchard that suffered from high codling moth pressures for many years, as did the surrounding area. The RAK3 mating disruption system was introduced at this location in 2010, and was continued in 2011. Systematic detailed codling moth flight data for this location are available for many years. In addition, comprehensive data on damage levels of chemically untreated windows spread all over the test orchard in a randomized block design were obtained in successive years, enabling us to thoroughly evaluate the effect of the changed codling moth management strategy. Data from 2011 included damage levels in chemically treated windows when the entire orchard was applied once at the flight peak of Cydia pomonella. In 2009, before introduction of mating disruption, a mean of 8.25 +/- 5.54% of the fruits were infested at harvest when assessed in completely untreated windows. After two years of mating disruption, supported with a full chemical support in 2010, except for the untreated assessment windows, and only one application on the flight peak of 2011, damage was reduced to less than 0.03% at harvest. This is a valuable case study to demonstrate the benefits of the mating disruption approach.

    6. Profilaktyka, monitorowanie i leczenie raka gruczołu krokowego na podstawie aktualnego przeglądu literatury urologicznej

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Tomasz Ząbkowski

      2009-03-01

      Full Text Available Wśród nowotworowych przyczyn zgonów w Polsce rak stercza zajmuje trzecie miejsce, po raku płuc i żołądka. W Stanach Zjednoczonych jest na pierwszym miejscu. W Unii Europejskiej z powodu raka gruczołu krokowego umiera każdego roku ponad 85 000 mężczyzn. Dotyka on często mężczyzn w sile wieku, a długi i złożony proces jego leczenia negatywnie wpływa na efektywność i stabilność życiową. W początkowym stadium choroba przebiega często bezobjawowo, co powoduje, że mężczyźni nie są świadomi zagrożenia i nie podejmują czynności profilaktyczno-leczniczych. Uwzględniając wymienione zagrożenia, celowe jest podjęcie działań zmierzających do uruchomienia systemu profilaktyki, leczenia i monitorowania chorych z rakiem gruczołu krokowego, co będzie stanowić gwarancję utrzymania wymaganego poziomu stanu zdrowia. Funkcjonowanie takiego systemu oparte jest na podstawach naukowych. Jeden z jego elementów to opracowanie wskaźników (funkcji zdrowia i zachorowań pacjentów płci męskiej z uwzględnieniem ich struktury wiekowej. Realizując pracę badawczą, autorzy artykułu starali się umiejscowić podjęty problem profilaktyki i leczenia raka gruczołu krokowego na tle istniejących już osiągnięć naukowych. Dokonano pogłębionej analizy opracowań w aspekcie rozwiązań praktycznych. Zauważono, że dotyczą one dwóch zasadniczych obszarów, odnoszą się do badań podstawowych i rozwiązań aplikacyjnych.

    7. PEMANFAATAN LEGUM COVER CROP UNTUK MEMPERBAIKI SIFAT KIMIA TANAH PADA LAHAN BEKAS TAMBANG EMAS DI KABUPATEN SIJUNJUNG

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Giska Oktabriana

      2018-01-01

      ABSTRACT Sijunjung is one of the regencies in West Sumatra, which has reserves of gold mines. Gold mining in Sijunjung usually done illegally conducted dialiran river and spread the paddy rice is traditionally owned by the community. Problems encountered on mined land is that low productivity due to less good is the chemical properties of the soil it self like acid soil, N-total, P-available, cation exchange capacity (CEC and the content of bases (K, Ca, Mg and Na is low and Al dissolved in the soil is very high. One way you can do to fix it is by the use of Legume Cover Crop (LCC which is able to live on land that is damaged and is useful to protect the soil from erosion damage and is able to produce large amounts of organic matter. The purpose of this research is to improve the chemical properties of the gold mined land and to determine the type of Legume Cover Crop (LCC are good at improving the chemical nature of the gold mined lands. This research was conducted in Nagari Koto subdistrict Pala Outer Seven Sijunjung for 3 months and continued with the analysis in the Laboratory of Soil Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University. The design used in this study is a randomized block design (RAK with 5 treatments and 3 replications, treatment plant use LCC where, A = Control (without LCC,B =Mucuna conchinchinensis, C = Calopogonium mucunoide, D =Centrocema pubescen, E = Mucuna bracteata. Data analysis using Anova table 5% if F count is count more than F table 5% and a further test HSD 5%. From the research results can be concluded that the use of LCC M. conchinchinensisable to improve soil chemical properties in the gold mining land in Sijunjung.

    8. Aplikasi Pupuk Kandang Kotoran Ayam pada Tanaman Kacang Tanah (Arachis Hypogeae L.

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Neni Marlina

      2015-09-01

      Full Text Available Pupuk kandang kotoran ayam diharapkan dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah, sehingga dapat menyuburkan tanah dan membantu dalam menyumbangkan unsur hara yang dapat digunakan dalam meningkatkan hasil kacang tanah.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan takaran pupuk kandang kotoran ayam yang tepat dalam meningkatkan produksi tanaman kacang tanah. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di kebun petani di Desa Payakabung Kecamatan Indralaya Utara Kabupaten Ogan Ilir dari bulan Januari sampai dengan April  2014. Rancangan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK dengan tiga perlakuan dan delapan kelompok, sehingga berjumlah 24 petak penelitian dan setiap petak diambil 10 tanaman sebagai sampel .  Perlakuannya adalah takaran pupuk kandang kotoran ayam 5, 10 dan 15 ton ha-1.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa takaran pupuk kandang kotoran ayam sebanyak 10 ton ha-1 memberikan pertumbuhan dan produksi terbaik dengan ditunjukkan produksi per petak sebesar 2,73 kg petak-1.Poultry manure is expected to improve soil physical, chemical and biological properties. It can improve soil fertility and help in nutrients contribution that can be used to increase the yield of peanut. This study aimed to get the right dose of poultry manure fertilizer in increasing the production of ground peanut plants. This research was conducted in farmyard in the North Indralaya Payakabung District of Ogan Ilir from January to April 2014. The design used in this study was a randomized block design with three treatments and eight groups, thus consisting 24 research plots and each plot was taken as a sample of 10 plants. The treatments of poultry manure fertilizer rate 5, 10 and 15 ton ha-1. The results showed that poultry manure fertilizer rate as much as 10 tons ha-1 gave the best growth and production of 2.73 kg per plot.

    9. Avian Reovirus Protein p17 Functions as a Nucleoporin Tpr Suppressor Leading to Activation of p53, p21 and PTEN and Inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK Signaling Pathways.

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Wei-Ru Huang

      Full Text Available Avian reovirus (ARV protein p17 has been shown to regulate cell cycle and autophagy by activation of p53/PTEN pathway; nevertheless, it is still unclear how p53 and PTEN are activated by p17. Here, we report for the first time that p17 functions as a nucleoporin Tpr suppressor that leads to p53 nuclear accumulation and consequently activates p53, p21, and PTEN. The nuclear localization signal (119IAAKRGRQLD128 of p17 has been identified for Tpr binding. This study has shown that Tpr suppression occurs by p17 interacting with Tpr and by reducing the transcription level of Tpr, which together inhibit Tpr function. In addition to upregulation of PTEN by activation of p53 pathway, this study also suggests that ARV protein p17 acts as a positive regulator of PTEN. ARV p17 stabilizes PTEN by stimulating phosphorylation of cytoplasmic PTEN and by elevating Rak-PTEN association to prevent it from E3 ligase NEDD4-1 targeting. To activate PTEN, p17 is able to promote β-arrestin-mediated PTEN translocation from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane via a Rock-1-dependent manner. The accumulation of p53 in the nucleus induces the PTEN- and p21-mediated downregulation of cyclin D1 and CDK4. Furthermore, Tpr and CDK4 knockdown increased virus production in contrast to depletion of p53, PTEN, and LC3 reducing virus yield. Taken together, our data suggest that p17-mediated Tpr suppression positively regulates p53, PTEN, and p21 and negatively regulates PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK signaling pathways, both of which are beneficial for virus replication.

    10. Yoğurt Yapımında Saf Kültürün Kullanımı

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Sevda Kılıç

      2015-02-01

      Full Text Available Yoğurt, sütün L. bulgaricus ve S. thermophilus bakterilerini belirli oranlarda içeren kültürle aşılanması sonucu elde edilen bir süt mamülüdür. Yoğurt teknolojisinde yaklaşık 70 yıldır kültür kullanılmaktadır. Kültürün hazırlanmasında yararlanılan bakteriler, belirli özellikleri dikkate alınarak seçilmektedir. Daha sonra yağsız süt tozundan hazırlanan süte aşılanarak 42-44 oC’de inkübasyona bırakılmakta ve pH 4.7 olduğunda inkübasyona son verilerek çoğaltımı ve aktifleşmeleri sağlanmaktadır. Günümüzde diğer ülkelerde olduğu gibi ülkemizde de kültür kullanımı gıda maddeleri tüzüğünün 51. maddesine göre zorunlu tutulmaktadır. Ancak buna rağmen kültür, tam anlamıyla bilinmemekte veya bilinçli olarak kullanılmamaktadır. Yoğurt teknolojisinde kültür, kullanımı ile daha kaliteli yoğurt yapılmaktadır. Uzun süre tat, aroma ve yapısı bozulmadan saklanabilmekte, raf ömrü uzamaktadır. Normal sertlikte olan yoğurtta asitlik istenilen düzeyde olduğu için su salmada görülmez.

    11. Reactor safety; Description and evaluation of safety activities in Nordic countries

      International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

      Wahlstroem, B.; Gunsell, L.

      1998-03-01

      The report gives a description of safety activities in the nuclear power industry. The study has been carried out as a part of the four year programme in Nordic Safety Research (NKS) which was completed in 1997. The objective of the NKS/RAK-1.1 project 'A survey and an evaluation of safety activities in nuclear power' was to make a broad description of various activities important for safety and to make an assessment of their efficiency. A special consideration was placed on a comparison of practices in Finland and Sweden, and between their nuclear utilities. The study has been divided into two parts, one theoretical part in which a model of the relationships between various activities important for safety has been constructed and one practical part where a total of 62 persons have been interviewed at the authorities, the nuclear utilities and one reactor vendor. To restrict the amount of work two activities, safety analysis and experience feedback, were selected. A few cases connected to incidents at nuclear power plants were discussed in more detail. The report has been structured around a simple model of nuclear safety consisting of the concepts of goals, means and outcomes. This model illustrates the importance of goal formulation, systematic planning and feedback of operational experience as major components in nuclear safety. In assessing organisation and management at authorities and the power utilities there is a clear trend of decentralisation and delegation of authority. The general impression from the study is that the safety activities in Finland and Sweden are efficient and well targeted. The experience from the methodology is favourable and the comparison of practices gives a good ground for a discussion of contents and targeting of safety activities. (EG) activities. (EG)

    12. Estimation of the long-term slip, surface uplift and block rotation along the northern strand of the North Anatolian Fault Zone: Inferences from geomorphology of the Almacık Block

      Science.gov (United States)

      Yıldırım, Cengiz; Tüysüz, Okan

      2017-11-01

      The Almacık Block is one of the key morphotectonic units in the eastern Marmara Region associated with the long-term slip partitioning within the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ). In this study, we provide new geomorphic reconstructions of offset drainage basins, morphometric analysis of topography, and longitudinal profiles of the rivers crossing different flanks of the Almacık Block. Our geomorphic reconstructions of offset drainage basins along the Hendek and Karadere faults imply mean offsets of 2.3 ± 0.4 km and 8.4 ± 0.7 km, respectively, during the Quaternary. Our dataset also imply that slip partitioning occurs in a broader zone than previously proposed, and that the total 10.7 ± 0.6 km offset along the Hendek and Karadere faults of the northern strand must be taken into account for long-term slip partitioning in the Eastern Marmara Region. Together with previously suggested 10 km offset along the southern strand (Yaltırak, 2002), 16 ± 1.0 km offset along the middle strand (Özalp et al., 2013) and the 52 ± 1.0 km offset along the Mudurnu Segment of the northern strand (Akbayram et al., 2016) our newly proposed geomorphic markers raise the cumulative offset in the eastern Marmara region associated with the NAF to 89 ± 1.0 km since the Latest Pliocene - Quaternary. In addition to these lateral displacements, our morphometric analysis and longitudinal profiles of the rivers imply up to 1130 ± 130 m surface uplift of the Almacık Block as a combined result of vertical displacement within the deformation zone of the northern strand of the NAFZ. Finally, by assuming that river basins act as passive deformation markers, our basin azimuth analyses imply 20° ± 2° clockwise rotation of the Almacık Block associated with the NAFZ.

    13. MANAJEMEN KEARSIPAN DINAMIS DI BIRO ADMINISTRASI UMUM AKADEMIK DAN KEMAHASISWAAN (BAUAK IAIN WALISONGO SEMARANG

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Ahmad Farid Mubarrok

      2015-06-01

      Full Text Available Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh sebuah pemikiran bahwa masalah yang ditemukan di lapangan pada saat mengimplementasikan pedoman-pedoman dan kegiatan pengembangan arsip dan dokumen terhadap pengelolaan arsip di lingkungan BAUAK IAIN Walisongo Semarang fokus penelitian ini adalah bagaimana manajemen kearsipan dinamis di Biro Umum Akademik dan Kemahasiswaan (BAUAK IAIN Walisongo Semarang ? Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pencatatan kearsipan di BAUAK IAIN Walisongo Semarang menggunakan asas sentralisasi dan asas desentralisasi. Proses pengendalian arsip masih dalam tahap pemeliharaan arsip. Proses penyimpanan kearsipan menggunakan sistem abjad dan sistem pokok soal. Proses pemeliharaan kearsipan menggunakan rak dan lemari arsip dari bahan best ,dengan kata lain, pelaksanaan manajemen kearsipan di BAUAK IAIN Walisongo Semarang belum terlalu baik sesuai dengan standar yang efektif dan efisien. Proses pemindahan dan pemusnahan kearsipan perlu dilakukan karena ruang dan tempat menyimpan arsip serta umur arsip juga terbatas. This research is motivated by the idea that the problems found in the field during the implementation of guidelines and development activities archives and documents of the archives in environmental management BAUAK Walisongo IAIN Semarang focus of this research is how the dynamic records management in the General Bureau of Academic and Student Affairs (BAUAK IAIN Walisongo Semarang? The results showed that the process of recording archives in IAIN BAUAK Walisongo Semarang using the principle of centralization and decentralization. Process control is still in the stage of maintenance records archives. Archival storage process using the alphabetic system and subject the system. Archival preservation process using shelves and filing cabinets from the best materials, in other words, the implementation of records management in BAUAK IAIN Walisongo Semarang has not been too good in accordance with the standards of

    14. Parametric studies on containment thermal hydraulic loads during high pressure melt ejection in a BWR

      Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

      Silde, A.; Lindholm, I. [VTT Energy, Espoo (Finland)

      1997-12-01

      The containment thermal hydraulic loads during high pressure melt ejection in a Nordic BWR are studied parametrically with the CONTAIN and the MELCOR codes. The work is part of the Nordic RAK-2 project. The containment analyses were divided into two categories according to composition of the discharged debris: metallic and oxidic debris cases. In the base case with highly metallic debris, all sources from the reactor coolant system to the containment were based on the MELCOR/BH calculation. In the base case with the oxidic debris, the source data was specified assuming that {approx} 15% of the whole core material inventory and 34,000 kg of saturated water was discharged from the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) during 30 seconds. In this case, the debris consisted mostly of oxides. The highest predicted containment pressure peaks were about 8.5 bar. In the scenarios with highly metallic debris source, very high gas temperature of about 1900 K was predicted in the pedestal, and about 1400 K in the upper drywell. The calculations with metallic debris were sensititive to model parameters, like the particle size and the parameters, which control the chemical reaction kinetics. In the scenarios with oxidic debris source, the predicted pressure peaks were comparable to the cases with the metallic debris source. The maximum gas temperatures (about 450-500 K) in the containment were, however, significantly lower than in the respective metallic debris case. The temperatures were also insensitive to parametric variations. In addition, one analysis was performed with the MELCOR code for benchmarking of the MELCOR capabilities against the more detailed CONTAIN code. The calculations showed that leak tightness of the containment penetrations could be jeopardized due to high temperature loads, if a high pressure melt ejection occurred during a severe accident. Another consequence would be an early containment venting. (au). 28 refs.

    15. Organik Balık Üretimi'nin Mevcut Durumu.

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Ahmet Adem Tekinay

      2015-12-01

      Full Text Available Doğal koşullar altında, hiçbir koruyucu katkı maddesi ve genetik modifikasyona maruz bırakılmamış organik tarım prensiplerine göre üretilmiş tamamen doğal olan hammaddelerden hazırlanan yemlerle beslenen ve bir kontrol kuruluşunda sertifikalanan balıklar “organik balık” olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Organik balık, daha düşük stok yoğunluğu ile hayvanın refahını sağlayan, pestisid, kimyasal ürün ve genetik olarak değişime uğramamış ürünler kullanmayarak insan sağlığına önem veren bir üretim modelidir. Dünyanın birçok gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkesinde uygulanan bu alternatif üretim modeli, dünya akauakültür üretiminin sadece %0,01’ini oluşturmasına rağmen, bu ürüne olan talep üretim miktarının ve piyasaya sürülen tür çeşitliliğinin artmasına sebep olmuştur. Bununla birlikte, organik su ürünleri üretimi, organik tarım kadar hızlı gelişememiştir. Bu durumun en büyük nedenlerinden biri organik su ürünleri için geliştirilmiş uluslar arası standartların olmamasıdır

    16. Pembuatan Arang Aktif dari Tempurung Kelapa dan Aplikasinya untuk Penjernihan Asap Cair

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Siti Jamilatun

      2014-04-01

      Full Text Available Arang aktif merupakan senyawa karbon amorph, yang dapat dihasilkan dari bahan-bahan yang mengandung karbon atau dari arang yang diperlakukan dengan cara khusus untuk mendapatkan permukaan yang lebih luas. Arang aktif dapat mengadsorpsi gas dan senyawa-senyawa kimia tertentu atau sifat adsorpsinya selektif, tergantung pada besar atau volume pori-pori dan luas permukaan.. Arang aktif akan dibuat dari arang hasil pirolisis tempurung kelapa.dan diimplementasikan untuk menjernihkan asap cairnya. Adapun langkah yang pertama membuat arang aktif dari tempurung kelapa adalah, membuat arang tempurung kelapa dengan membersihkan tempurung kelapa terlebih dahulu dari bahan-bahan pengotor seperti tanah, kerikil. Kemudian mengeringkannya dibawah sinar matahari, selanjutnya membakar tempurung kering pada drum/bak pembakaran dengan suhu 300-500 0C selama 3-5 jam. Langkah yang kedua adalah arang hasil pembakaran direndam dengan bahan kimia CaCl2 dan ZnCl2 (kadar 25 % selama 12 sampai 24 jam untuk menjadi arang aktif. Selanjutnya melakukan pencucian dengan air suling/air bersih hingga kotoran atau bahan ikutan dapat dipisahkan. Arang aktif basah dihamparkan pada rak dengan suhu kamar untuk ditiriskan, kemudian dikeringkan dalam oven pada suhu 110 – 8000C selama 3 jam. Suhu aktivasi mempengaruhi kualitas karbon aktif yang terbentuk. Dari uji kualitas karbon aktif yang dilakukan, kualitas karbon aktif yang terbaik diperoleh pada suhu 800oC dengan kadar air 1,3 %, kadar abu 0,60 % memenuhi standar SII 0258-79 dan memiliki daya serap terhadap kadar iod sebesar 580,0 mg/g yang memenuhi standar SNI 06-3730. Penjernihan air limbah rumah tangga, air berwarna menggunakan karbon aktif dari suhu aktivasi 800oC menghasilkan air yang jernih, tidak berbau dan memenuhi pH standar air (7,0-7,5.

    17. PHAMIT: A program on hiv/aids prevention among migrant workers

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Thongphit Pinyosinwat

      2010-09-01

      Full Text Available Prevention of HIV/AIDS Among Migrant Workers in Thailand – or “PHAMIT,” which in Thai means “friendly skies”.  The program led by the Raks Thai Foundation with seven NGO partners and one government agency focuses on HIV prevention and health services for migrant workers from Burma and Cambodia in the fisheries, seafood and related industries.  The program demonstrates the complexity of working with undocumented migrant workers and the need to address barriers to the access to health services, migrant rights and policy. The trained migrant health assistants play a significant role in implementation of the program at migrant communities and their workplaces.  Migrant health volunteers distribute information, education and communication materials, as well as condoms.  To increase migrant access to health and reproductive health care, all participating partners support the Department of Health Service Supports in organizing migrant-friendly health services at government health facilities.  These activities include sexual transmitted disease diagnosis and treatment, and voluntary HIV counseling and testing.  The services are based on the rights of migrant workers to basic services and migrants becoming aware of their rights and responsibilities. Over a five year period beginning in October 2003, the program has reached 442,000 migrants and more than 20,800 entertainment workers with information about HIV and reproductive health. A total of 6,878,500 condoms has been distributed.  In addition, over 155,080 migrant workers received information on health and labor rights, including regular updates about migrant registration policy. At the same time, through PHAMIT activities, over 13,330 government officials, employers and journalists attended sensitization workshops on issues of migrants’ rights and policies.Le programme PHAMIT (Prevention of HIV/AIDS Among Migrant Workers in Thailand, qui signifie « cieux amicaux » en thaï, est

    18. Application of a new importance measure for parametric uncertainty in PSA

      International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

      Poern, K.

      1997-04-01

      The traditional approach to uncertainty analysis in PSA, with propagation of basic event uncertainties through the PSA model, generates as an end product the uncertainty distribution of the top event frequency. This distribution, however, is not of much value for the decision maker. Most decisions are made under uncertainty. What the decision maker needs, to enhance the decision-making quality, is an adequate uncertainty importance measure that provides the decision maker with an indication of on what basic parameters it would be most valuable - as to the quality of the decision making in the specific situation - to procure more information. This paper will describe an application of a new measure of uncertainty importance that has been developed in the ongoing joint Nordic project NKS/RAK-1:3. The measure is called ''decision oriented'' because it is defined within a decision theoretic framework. It is defined as the expected value of a certain additional information about each basic parameter, and utilizes both the system structure and the complete uncertainty distributions of the basic parameters. The measure provides the analyst and the decision maker with a diagnostic information pointing to parameters on which more information would be most valuable to procure in order to enhance the decision-making quality. This uncertainty importance measure must not be confused with the more well-known, traditional importance measures of various kinds that are used to depict the contributions of each basic event or parameter (represented by point values) to the top event frequency. In this study the new measure is practically demonstrated through a real application on the top event: Water overflow through steam generator safety valves caused by steam generator tube rupture. This application object is one of the event sequences that the fore mentioned Nordic project has analysed with an integrated approach. The project has been funded by the Swedish Nuclear Power

    19. PERFORMANS DAN INDEKS KELEMBABAN SUHU KELINCI JANTAN (Lepus nigricollis YANG DIPELIHARA DENGAN LUAS LANTAI KANDANG DAN DIBERI RANSUM DENGAN IMBANGAN ENERGI DAN PROTEIN BERBEDA

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Eny Puspani

      2016-01-01

      Full Text Available Penelitian yang bertujuan mempelajari indeks kelembaban suhu atau temperature humidity index dan performans kelinci jantan lokal pada kepadatan ternak berbeda dan diberi ransum dengan imbangan energi protein berbeda telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK pola Faktorial 2 x 3 dengan empat kali ulangan (blok. Sebagai perlakuan pertama adalah imbangan energi dan protein pada ransum (R yang terdiri dari ransum dengan kandungan energi termetabolis 2500 kkal/kg dan protein kasar 17% dengan imbangan energi dan protein 147 (R1, ransum dengan kandungan energi termetabolis 2800 kkal/kg dengan kandungan protein kasar 18,5% dengan imbangan energy dan protein 151 (R2. Sebagai perlakuan kedua adalah luas lantai kandang (L yang terdiri dari 3500 cm2 (L1, 1750 cm2 (L2 dan 1166 cm2 (L3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iklim mikro pada perlakuan tingkat kepadatan ternak dan ransum dengan imbangan energi dan protein yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05 terhadap kelembapan udara, temperatur udara, “temperature humidity index” dan radiasi matahari. Performans pada perlakuan ransum dengan imbangan energy dan protein R1 menyebabkan konsumsi air, ransum, berat badan akhir dan pertambahan berat badan lebih tinggi (P0,05. Performans pada perlakuan tingkat kepadatan ternak L2 dan L3 menyebabkan konsumsi air dan ransum lebih tinggi sehingga berat badan akhir pada kandang L2 dan L3 juga lebih tinggi dibandingkan L1 kecuali pertambahan berat badan dan FCR memberikan pengaruh tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terjadi perbedaan iklim mikro pada kandang dengan perlakuan ransum dengan imbangan energi dan protein berbeda serta perlakuan dengan tingkat kepadatan ternak berbeda. Kelinci yang diberi ransum dengan imbangan energi dan protein 147 (R1 menghasilkan performans lebih tinggi daripada imbangan energi dan protein 151 (R2. Kelinci yang dipelihara pada tingkat

    20. Karakavakta anaçlık yöntemiyle sırık çeliği üretim tekniğinin belirlenmesi

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      Dr. Selda AKGÜL

      2016-12-01

      Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, kavak dikim materyali üretiminde, en pratik ve ekonomik metot olarak tespit edilen, anaçlık usulü ile “KOCABEY”, “GAZİ” ve “GEYVE” karakavak klonlarında, ağaçlandırmalarda kullanılmak üzere, bir ve iki yaşlı sırık çeliği standart üretim metodu tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bir ve iki yaşlı sırık çeliği üretiminde, aralık-mesafenin ve anaçtaki sürgün sayısının etkili olup olmadığını belirlemek amacıyla, rastlantı bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme deseni kullanılarak Ankara-Behiçbey Orman Fidanlığında denemeler tesis edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, bir yaşlı sırık çeliği üretiminde, denenen geniş aralık-mesafe grubu (1,6x0,4 m, üretilen miktar açısından daha iyi sonuç vermiştir. Anaçta bırakılacak sürgün adedi sayısının ise önemli olmadığı görülmüştür. İki yaşlı sırık çeliği üretiminde ise; her üç klonda da, denenen işlemlerin etkisinin çok fazla olmadığı kanaatine ulaşılmıştır.

    1. Integrated sequence analysis. Final report

      International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

      Andersson, K.; Pyy, P.

      1998-02-01

      The NKS/RAK subprojet 3 'integrated sequence analysis' (ISA) was formulated with the overall objective to develop and to test integrated methodologies in order to evaluate event sequences with significant human action contribution. The term 'methodology' denotes not only technical tools but also methods for integration of different scientific disciplines. In this report, we first discuss the background of ISA and the surveys made to map methods in different application fields, such as man machine system simulation software, human reliability analysis (HRA) and expert judgement. Specific event sequences were, after the surveys, selected for application and testing of a number of ISA methods. The event sequences discussed in the report were cold overpressure of BWR, shutdown LOCA of BWR, steam generator tube rupture of a PWR and BWR disturbed signal view in the control room after an external event. Different teams analysed these sequences by using different ISA and HRA methods. Two kinds of results were obtained from the ISA project: sequence specific and more general findings. The sequence specific results are discussed together with each sequence description. The general lessons are discussed under a separate chapter by using comparisons of different case studies. These lessons include areas ranging from plant safety management (design, procedures, instrumentation, operations, maintenance and safety practices) to methodological findings (ISA methodology, PSA,HRA, physical analyses, behavioural analyses and uncertainty assessment). Finally follows a discussion about the project and conclusions are presented. An interdisciplinary study of complex phenomena is a natural way to produce valuable and innovative results. This project came up with structured ways to perform ISA and managed to apply the in practice. The project also highlighted some areas where more work is needed. In the HRA work, development is required for the use of simulators and expert judgement as

    2. EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN Trichoderma sp UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT LAYU FUSARIUM (Fusarium oxysporium DAN PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT TANAMAN PISANG

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      Bukhari Bukhari

      2018-02-01

      Full Text Available             Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pante Cermin  Kecamatan Padang Tiji Kabupaten Pidie.  pada bulan Maret  sampai dengan bulan Agustus 2015, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui efisiensi penggunaan Trichoderma sp terhadap pertumbuhan beberapa jenis bibit Pisang (Musa Paracica L.  Penelitian ini mengunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK pola faktorial dengan faktor yang diteliti  adalah Jenis pisang  dan dosis trichoderma.  Kedua faktor terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu: Pisang Barangan (J1,pisang Ambon (J2, pisang Raja (G3 dan pisang Geupok (J4.  Sedangkan dosis  Tricoderma sp  yaitu :TO = 0 g/ bibit T1 = 15 g/ bibit  T2 = 30 g/ bibit  dan T3 = 45 g/ bibit.  Sehingga terdapat 16 kombinasi perlakuan dan diulang 3 kali,  yang menghasilkan 48 satuan percobaan.            Untuk mengetahui pengaruh masing-masing perlakuan serta interaksinya terhadap pertumbuhan bibit pisang, dilakukan analisis ragam (Uji F dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ pada taraf 5%.            Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara fisul pertumbuhan bibit pisang yang baik diantara 4 jenis yang diteliti ditunjukkkan oleh pisang Barangan namun secara statistika tidak berbeda dengan pisang 3 jenis pisang lainnya.  Namun pemberian trichoderma sampai umur 4 bulan belum memeperlihatkan pertumbuhan dan intensitas serangan yang berbeda nyata, sehingga harus diperpanjang masa penelitian menjadi 6 Bulan.   Setelah 6 bulan  penelitian ternyata telah ada perbedaan pertumbuhan dan    intensitas serangan,  dimana intensitas serangan yang paling besar diperlihatkan oleh T0 (tanpa pemberian trichoderma . Sedang intensitas serangan terkecil diperlihatkan oleh T3 (Dosis trichoderma sp 45 gr/bibit pisang. Jenis pisang tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan Intensitas serangan layu fusarium. serta  interaksi   kedua faktor tersebut berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap pertumbuhan bibit pisang dan intensitas serangan penyakit layu

    3. Integrated sequence analysis. Final report

      Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

      Andersson, K.; Pyy, P

      1998-02-01

      The NKS/RAK subprojet 3 `integrated sequence analysis` (ISA) was formulated with the overall objective to develop and to test integrated methodologies in order to evaluate event sequences with significant human action contribution. The term `methodology` denotes not only technical tools but also methods for integration of different scientific disciplines. In this report, we first discuss the background of ISA and the surveys made to map methods in different application fields, such as man machine system simulation software, human reliability analysis (HRA) and expert judgement. Specific event sequences were, after the surveys, selected for application and testing of a number of ISA methods. The event sequences discussed in the report were cold overpressure of BWR, shutdown LOCA of BWR, steam generator tube rupture of a PWR and BWR disturbed signal view in the control room after an external event. Different teams analysed these sequences by using different ISA and HRA methods. Two kinds of results were obtained from the ISA project: sequence specific and more general findings. The sequence specific results are discussed together with each sequence description. The general lessons are discussed under a separate chapter by using comparisons of different case studies. These lessons include areas ranging from plant safety management (design, procedures, instrumentation, operations, maintenance and safety practices) to methodological findings (ISA methodology, PSA,HRA, physical analyses, behavioural analyses and uncertainty assessment). Finally follows a discussion about the project and conclusions are presented. An interdisciplinary study of complex phenomena is a natural way to produce valuable and innovative results. This project came up with structured ways to perform ISA and managed to apply the in practice. The project also highlighted some areas where more work is needed. In the HRA work, development is required for the use of simulators and expert judgement as

    4. Kajian Pembuatan Permen Jelly dari Buah Tanjung (Mimusops elengi L

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      Nida El Husna

      2018-04-01

      Full Text Available Tanaman tanjung (Mimusops elengi L. merupakan tanaman pelindung yang banyak ditanam diperkarangan kantor, sekolah maupun dipingir-pinggir jalan dan hutan kota. Bagian tanaman tanjung yang biasa dimanfaatkan yaitu bunga, daun, akar dan kulit batang sedangkan buahnya tidak termanfaatkan sama sekali. Buah tanjung memiliki rasa sepat sehingga masyarakat tidak menyukainya. Rasa sepat pada buah bisa dikurangi dengan merendam buah dengan larutan kapur sirih. Salah satu cara yang dilakukan agar buah tanjung tidak terbuang yaitu dengan mengolahnya menjadi permen jelly. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman buah tanjung dengan larutan kapur dan konsentrasi gula terhadap karakteristik permen jelly yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK Faktorial dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama yaitu lama perendaman buah tanjung dengan larutan kapur (J dengan 3 taraf yaitu 12 jam (J1, 24 jam (J2 dan 36 jam (J3. Faktor kedua yaitu konsentrasi gula (G dengan 3 taraf yaitu 70% (G1,  90% (G2 dan 110% (G3. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali ulangan sehingga diperoleh 27 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian lama perendaman buah tanjung berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap rasa dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap tekstur permen jelly yang dihasilkan. Semakin lama perendaman buah tanjung maka rasa kelat pada buah tanjung akan semakin berkurang. Konsentrasi gula yang berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kadar air permen jelly buah tanjung. Semakin besar konsentrasi gula yang ditambahkan maka kadar air permen jelly yang dihasilkan semakin rendah. Interaksi lama perendaman buah tanjung dan konsentrasi gula berpengaruh nyata terhadap rasa permen jelly yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan nilai organoleptik, buah tanjung yang direndam dengan larutan kapur sirih selama 24 jam dan konsentrasi gula 90% merupakan kombinasi perlakuan terbaik dalam pembuatan permen jelly buah tanjung, yang menghasilkan permen jelly dengan kadar air 10,58%, p

    5. AN VIEW TO RELATION OF MOTHER-SON IN THE CONTEXT OF AN HONOR KILLING IN ELİF ŞAFAK’S NOVEL İSKENDER ELİF ŞAFAK’IN İSKENDER ROMANINDA BİR TÖRE CİNAYETİ BAĞLAMINDA ANNE-OĞUL İLİŞKİSİNE BAKIŞ

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      Fethi DEMİR

      2012-01-01

      Full Text Available Elif Şafak narrates a tragic relation of mother-son in the context of an honor killing, in her last novel İskender. Şafak, who tells this honor killing with the point of view woman, approaches with a different point to oedipus comlex which has been written in the male dominated author world as a relation of father-son and Şafak puts forward mother figure that has been remained background in this psychoanalytic triangle. This prominence, extends the limits of oedipus theme, provides to evaluate this theme with various and wealthy connotations. On the other hand, as she also discusses “custom/honor crimes”, one of the important social problems, in a feminist sensitivity, she extends this mother-son relation as part of Turkish novel’s ancient themes like convention-modernity, mysticism, and East-West. Elif Şafak, son romanı İskender’de bir töre cinayeti bağlamında trajik bir anne-oğul ilişkisini anlatır. Töre cinayetini kadın bakış açısından yansıtan Şafak, yıllarca erkek egemen yazar dünyasında baba-oğul ilişkisi biçiminde işlenen Oedipus kompleksine farklı bir noktadan yaklaşır ve bu psikanalitik üçgende geri planda bırakılan anne figürünü öne çıkarır. Bu önceleme, Oedipus temasının sınırlarını genişletir, farklı ve zengin çağrışımlarla değerlendirilmesine olanak sağlar. Öte taraftan Türkiye’nin önemli toplumsal dertlerinden “töre/namus cinayetlerine” feminist bir duyarlılıkla bakması da bu anne-oğul ilişkisinin boyutlarını genişletir.

    6. Organic Fertilizers Improves Trembesi Samanea Saman Seedling Growth A Case Study Of The Implementation Of Post-Mining Land Reclamation And Revegetation Within The Forest Cultivation Zone

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      Suria Darma

      2017-10-01

      Full Text Available This study aimed to 1 determine the effect of each organic fertilizer dosage a the growth variables of Trembesi seedlings and b the quality of planting media after 120 days planted Trembesi Seedlings. This study also aimed to 2 obtain the optimum dose of organic fertilizer to be applied to the implementation of post-mining land reclamation and revegetation within the Forest Cultivation Zone. This research used various manure Control without fertilizer NPK synthetic fertilizer control chicken manure cow manure and organic litter compost. Each of the organic fertilizer was given at doses of 125 250 and 375 gpolybag. The test plants used were Trembesi seedlings Samanea saman at 4 months of age.The experimental design was prepared using Randomized Block Design RAK with 5 replications in each test plant group. Data analysis was completed with Fisher LSD Test and Duncan Multiple Range Test DMRT as well as regression analysis.The treatment of organic fertilizer dosage showed significant in all variables of growth of trembesi seedlings except on average of Trembesi seedlings height at 90 days after planting DAP and on average stem diameter of Trembesi seed of 30 60 90 120 DAP. Effect of organic fertilizer dosage to planting medium after 120 days planted Trembesi seedling. All variations of fertilization dose increase the pH value organic C N-total CN ratio available P available K Ca Mg Na K and cation exchange rate CEC. Treatment dose of 375gpolybag of chicken manure was the best treatment dose with the highest number of twigs on Trembesi seedlings at the age of 30 DAP 21.00 twigs 60 DAP 36.40 twigs 90 DAP 63.60 twigs 120 DAP 106.60 twigs The Longest length of twig was found on Trembesi seedlings with age of 30 DAP 17.95 cm 60 DAP21.61 cm 90 DAP 28.49 cm 120 DAP 32.11 cm longest root length and heaviest biomass weight of Trembesi seedling wasfor the age of 120 DAP which were 58.80 cm and 487.22 g respectively.

    7. İnkübasyon Sıcaklığının Kefirin Bazı Nitelikleri Üzerine Etkisi

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      Nesrin Kaptan

      2015-02-01

      Full Text Available Kefirin bazı nitelikleri üzerine, farklı inkübasyon sıcaklıklarının etkisinin araştırıldığı bu çalışmada, 20±1 oC (A, 25±1 oC (B ve 30±1 oC (C de 16 saat süreyle inkübasyon ve iki gün süreyle olgunlaştırma aşamalarından sonra, örnekler titrasyon asitliği, pH, viskozite, serum ayrılması gibi bazı kalite ölçütleri yanısıra asetaldehit, etil alkol gibi aroma unsurları ve duyusal özellikleri yönünden karşılaştırılmıştır. Denenen inkübasyon sıcaklıkları örneklerin titrasyon asitliği üzerinde önemli bir etki yaratmış (P<0.01 ve en yüksek titrasyon asitliği değeri 30 oC de inkübe edilen örneklerde saptanmıştır. PH değeri, viskozite, serum ayrılması ve asetaldehit içeriği açısından örnekler arasında istatistik olarak önemli bir farklılık görülmemiş, bu niteliklerdeki önemli değişimler olgunlaştırma süresi içinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Toplam uçucu yağ asitleri ve karbondioksit içeriklerinde ise gerek inkübasyon sıcaklıkları ve gerekse olgunlaştırma süresi önemli bir farklılığa yol açmamıştır. Duyusal nitelikler yönünden, 25 oC de inkübasyona bırakılan kefir örneği beğenilmiştir.

    8. 2. Sınıf Türkçe Ders Kitabındaki Metinlerin Okunabilirlik Açısından İncelenmesi

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      BAYRAM BAŞ

      2015-01-01

      Full Text Available Ülkemiz, uluslararası platformda okuma becerilerini, okuryazarlığı ve alan becerilerini ölçmeyi hedefleyen PISA, PIRLS (2001 ve TIMSS sınavlarında ortalamanın altında kalmaktadır. Bu durum okuma becerisine sahip olmayan bireyler yetiştirilmesi ile doğru orantılıdır. Okuma okunabilirlik, anlaşılabilirlik ve okunaklık kavramlarını içinde bulunduran bir süreçtir. Okumanın önemli bir ayağı olan okunabilirlikle ilgili çalışmaların geçmişinin çok eskiye dayanmadığı bilinmekle birlikte, eksikliği tartışılmaz bir gerçektir. Türkçenin yapısına uygun hâle getirilmeye çalışılan okunabilirlik formülleri ile çalışmalar yapılsa da istenilen sonuca tam olarak ulaşıldığını söylemek güçtür. Bu çalışma, 2. sınıf Türkçe ders kitabındaki metinlerin okunabilirlik düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada 2014-2015 eğitim-öğretim yılında okutulan Doku Yayınları’na ait 2. Sınıf Türkçe ders kitabındaki öyküleyici ve bilgilendirici metinlerin okunabilirlik düzeyleri ölçülmüş, şiirler kapsam dışında bırakılmıştır. Metinlerin analizinde Ateşman (1997’ın Türkçeye uyarladığı okunabilirlik formülü kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre, öyküleyici metinlerin okunabilirlik puanlarının bilgilendirici metinlerin okunabilirlik puanlarına göre daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

    9. Pengaruh Fungi Indigenous Toleran Zn terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Jagung di Media Tailing Steril

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      Ratna Santi

      2015-07-01

      Full Text Available Keberadaan logam Zn dalam jumlah tertentu di tailing pasca tambang akan berdampak pada rendahnya populasi mikroba tanah dan menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman. Aplikasi pemanfaatan fungi indigenus dari lahan tercemar merupakan salah satu usaha dalam memperbaiki sifat tanah untuk pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inokulasi fungi dan toksisitas Zn terhadap pertumbuhan jagung pada fase VE-V9 di media tailing steril.  Fungi diisolasi dari tailing lahan pasca penambangan timah di Sungailiat  Bangka. Tiga isolat dari 15 isolat dipilih untuk pengujian pengaruh inokulasi fungi terhadap pertumbuhan jagung. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok(RAK dua faktor dengan perlakuan jenis fungi dan konsentrasi Zn. Isolat yang digunakan toleran terhadap Zn pada konsentrasi 0-25 ppm dan mampu menghasilkan fitohormon. Hasil percobaan di rumah kaca menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi fungi nyata memperbaiki pertumbuhan jagung, dibandingkan tanpa inokulan. Serapan tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh isolat R 7J1, namun pertumbuhan jagung terbaik didapatkan dari inokulasi isolat B 2J1. The existence of Zn metal in a certain amount in the post tin mine tailings will result in low soil microbial populations and inhibit plant growth. Application of indigenous fungi utilization on contaminated land is one effort to improve soil properties for plant growth.This study aimed to determine the effect of inoculation of fungi and toxicity of zinc on the growth of corn in the phase of VE-V9 in sterile tailings medium. Fungi were isolated from post tin mining tailings tin lands in Bangka Sungailiat. Three isolates from 15 isolates were selected to test the effect of fungal inoculation on the growth of corn. Experiment used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD two factors with fungi and Zn concentration treatments.Tolerant isolates used were at a concentration of 0-25 ppm Zn and capable to produce phytohormones. Result of experiment in greenhouse

    10. DEVLETÇİLİK POLİTİKALARININ TARIM KESİMİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ (1930–1940

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      Arzu VARLI

      2012-10-01

      Full Text Available Devletçilik, Milli iktisat düşüncesinin Cumhuriyet’in kurucu kadroları üzerindeki etkisinin devamı olarak görülmektedir. Devlet cumhuriyetin kuruluş yıllarından itibaren ekonomik anlamda geri kalmışlığın bir nedeni olarak milli burjuvazinin yokluğunu görmüştür. Milli burjuvazi yaratma ya millileştirmeler yoluyla ya da devletin tüm olanaklarını kullanması yoluyla gerçekleşmiştir. Devletçilik de hem devletin tüm olanaklarını devreye soktuğu hem de artık kendisinin bizzat burjuvazi sınıfının yerine geçtiği bir uygulama olmuştur. Ancak tüm bu burjuvazi yaratma çabaları içinde ilginç olan, burjuvazinin tarım sektöründen çıkarılmak istenmemesidir. İttihat Terakki’den devir alınan milli burjuvazi yaratma toprak sahiplerini doğrudan hedef olarak almamıştır. Devletçilik politikalarında tarım kesimi burjuvazi olarak görülmemiş ve iktisaden zayıf bırakılmıştır. Ancak, tarım kesimine karşın desteklenen sanayi kesiminde de sermaye birikimi sağlanamamıştır. Tek parti yönetimi cumhuriyetin kuruluşundan dünya buhranına kadar olan dönemde burjuva sınıfının oluşturmayı hedeflemiştir. Ancak daha sonra gücü ve iktidarı çerçevesinde bir devletçilik politikasını sektörler arasında birbirinin tamamlayıcısı olmalarını sağlamadan sanayileşme için tarıma yük bindiren tartışmalı bir yol seçmiştir.

    11. Praktyka samobadania piersi i wykonywanie mammografii w grupie pielęgniarek a zmienne socjodemograficzne

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      Ewa Smoleń

      2017-03-01

      Full Text Available Wstęp. Rak piersi nadal stanowi najczęstszy nowotwór złośliwy kobiet w Polsce. Rozpoznanie zmian w piersi podczas regularnego samodzielnego badania piersi oraz badanie mammograficzne to istotne elementy profilaktyki wtórnej nowotworów piersi. Cel pracy. Określenie realizacji profilaktyki wtórnej raka piersi przez pielęgniarki z uwzględnieniem charakteryzujących je czynników socjodemograficznych. Materiał i metody. Badania ankietowe przeprowadzono wśród 184 pielęgniarek województwa lubelskiego i podkarpackiego. Narzędziem badawczym był autorski kwestionariusz ankiety. Uzyskane dane poddano analizie statystycznej z zastosowaniem testu χ2 Pearsona. Przyjęto poziom istotności p<0,05. Wyniki. Pielęgniarki deklarowały najczęściej, iż informacje z zakresu zasad oraz techniki samobadania piersi uzyskały w okresie kształcenia w szkole medycznej, a w mniejszym stopniu z fachowego piśmiennictwa. Jedna trzecia respondentek regularnie wykonywała samobadanie piersi, natomiast połowa badanych wykonywała je niesystematycznie. Nie stwierdzono związku między czynnikami socjodemograficznymi charakteryzującymi respondentki a znajomością zasad samobadania piersi i regularnością jego wykonywania. Co piąta ankietowana pielęgniarka przynajmniej raz miała wykonane badanie mammograficzne. Wnioski. Wiedza i zachowania pielęgniarek w zakresie samobadania piersi i wykonywania mammografii nie odbiegają od prezentowanych przez inne kobiety. Czynniki socjodemograficzne charakteryzujące badane pielęgniarki nie miały wpływu zarówno na wykonywanie samobadania piersi i mammografii jak i na systematyczność badań. Pielęgniarki mają świadomość znaczenia badań profilaktycznych raka piersi, jednak w dużej części nie wykonują ich w ogóle lub robią to niezgodnie z zasadami. Jest to zjawisko niepokojące z powodu funkcji zawodowych, jakie pełnią pielęgniarki, szczególnie w zakresie promocji zdrowia i edukacji zdrowotnej.

    12. IRONIC DISCOURSE IN AHMET MİTHAT EFENDİ’S “FELATUN BEY AND RAKIM EFENDİ” NOVEL AHMET MİTHAT EFENDİ’NİN “FELATUN BEY İLE RAKIM EFENDİ” ROMANINDA İRONİK SÖYLEM

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      Farız YILDIRIM

      2011-09-01

      Full Text Available Ahmet Mithat Efendi who has an educational and moral perpective in his art understanding, tries various narrative methods in his broad collected works which are composed of almost every realm of literature. In his novels, he uses narrative methods of local story tradition and Western literature in which he has a deep interest. Despite the fact that he has realistic concerns, his real inspiration source is romantic school. Ahmet Mithat who prefers romantic expression that moulded with ironic understanding, creates a literature structure which described as “metafiction” text according to today‟s postmodern understanding.This study aims to determine how the building blocks of irony in this literature structure is constructed by taking into account the decriptions and classifications of concept of irony. Sanat anlayışında eğitici ve ahlaki bir perspektif gözlenen Ahmet Mithat Efendi, edebiyatın hemen her nevinde yazarak oluşturduğu geniş eser külliyatında farklı anlatım yöntemlerini bir arada dener. Romanlarında, yakından takip ettiği Batı edebiyatı ile yerli hikâye geleneğinin anlatım yöntemlerini harmanlayarak kullanır. Realist endişeler de taşımasına rağmen Batı edebiyatındaki asıl esin kaynağı romantik ekoldür. Felatun Bey ile Rakım Efendi romanında ironik bir anlayışla yoğrulmuş romantik anlatımı tercih eden Ahmet Mithat, ortaya günümüzün postmodern anlayışında “kendi bilincinde” ya da üstkurmaca metin diye tarif edilen bir edebi yapı çıkarır. Bu çalışmada söz konusu yapıda ironinin yapı taşlarının nasıl örüldüğü, ironi kavramının tanım ve tasnifleri göz önünde bulundurularak tespit edilmeye çalışıldı.

    13. Karanlık ve Aydınlıkta Depolanmış Ayvalık ve Memecik Çeşidi Natürel Zeytinyağlarının Spektroskopik Verilere Göre Kemometrik Sınıflandırılması

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      Betül Öztürk

      2015-02-01

      Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin zeytinyağı üretiminin % 65’ini Oluşturan Ege bölgesinin hakim zeytin çeşidi olan Ayvalık ve Memecik yağ örneklerinin en yaygın spektroskopik yöntemler ile (FTNIR, FTIR-ATR, Excitation-Emission [EX-EM] ve Senkronize [SYN] Floresans Spektroskopisi analiz edilerek sınıflandırılması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz edilen yağ örnekleri organik ve karışık çeşitlerden üretilen bir örnek dışında Kuzey Ege (Ayvalık çeşidi (n=4 ve Güney Ege (Memecik çeşidi (n=4 alt bölgelerinden alınmış toplam 9 adetten Oluşmaktadır. Oda sıcaklığında PET şişeler içinde muhafaza edilen yağ örnekleri gün ışığına maruz bırakılan ve aluminyum folyo ile kaplanmış (karanlık olarak iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Ayvalık ve Memecik çeşidi natürel zeytinyağlarının sınıflandırılması en yaygın kullanılan kemometrik yöntemler ile (Temel Bileşen Analizi, PCA ve Aşamalı Kümeleme Analizi, HCA gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayvalık ve Memecik çeşitleri spektroskopik yöntemlerin sonuçları temelinde çeşit, orijin bölgesi ve işlem uygulamalarına (ışığa maruz kalma veya karanlıkta tutma gibi göre dikkate değer bir şekilde sınıflanmışlardır. Ayrıca, spektroskopik yöntemlerin natürel zeytinyağların sınıflandırılmasında ve muhtemel depolama koşulları ve tağşiş konusunda ümitvar etkiler sergileyebileceği görülmüştür.

    14. Pertumbuhan Setek Sambung Kina (Cinchona sp. Klon QRC Akibat Perbedaan Panjang Setek Batang Atas

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      Joko Santoso

      2016-07-01

      Full Text Available Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh variasi panjang setek terhadap  pertumbuhan setek sambung kina (Cinchona sp klon QRC telah dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Pusat Penelitian Teh dan Kina (PPTK Gambung, Kabupaten Bandung, dengan ketinggian kurang lebih 1300 meter di atas permukaan laut, jenis tanah Andisol, tipe iklim B menurut klasifikasi Schmidt dan Fergusson (1951 dengan curah hujan rata-rata antara 2000 - 3000 mm per tahun dan suhu rata-rata 13,5oC- 21,1oC.  Kelembaban relatif antara 68% sampai 97%. Menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK dengan 5 perlakuan dan diulang lima kali. Jumlah tanaman per plot adalah 50 tanaman: perlakuan panjang setek terdiri dari  5 cm,  7 cm,  9 cm, 11 cm, dan 13 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Panjang setek sambung atas yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap persentase setek hidup, panjang setek, jumlah daun, jumlah akar dan panjang akar bibit kina di pembibitan. Penggunaan setek sambung dengan panjang 7 cm,  memberikan pengaruh yang paling baik terhadap pertumbuhan bibit sambung kina (Cinchona ledgeriana Moens di pembibitan yang ditunjukkan oleh persentase hidup, jumlah daun, tinggi bibit dan jumlah akar yang lebih tinggi dibanding perlakuan yang lain. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of variation in the length of cuttings on the growth of grafted cutting of cinchona (Cinchona  Sp. clone QRC. The research was conducted in Gambung Experimental Garden, Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona, Bandung at 1,300 m above sea level, Andisol soil type with type B of climate according to the classification of Schmidt and Fergusson (1951, average of rainfall between 2,000 mm – 3,000 mm per year, average temperature of 13,5oC – 21,1oC, and relative humidity of 68% – 97%. The research used randomized block design (RBD with five treatments and five replications. The treatment was length of cutting was consisted of 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 cm. The

    15. Aden Körfezi’nde Yaşanan Deniz Haydutluğu Eylemlerinin Dünya ve Türk Deniz Ticareti Üzerindeki Etkisi

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      Muhammet AYDIN

      2016-03-01

      Full Text Available Deniz ticaretinde büyük öneme sahip Aden Körfezi’nde meydana gelen deniz haydutluğu faaliyetleri, sadece bölgesel değil, aynı zamanda tüm dünya deniz ticareti üzerinde ciddi etkilere sahiptir. Başlangıçta yabancı bandıralı balıkçı gemileri ile başlayan, daha sonra diğer gemi türlerini de içine alan bir deniz haydutluğu faaliyeti gelişmiştir. Yapılan bu çalışmada, Aden Körfezi’nde yaşanan deniz haydutluğu eylemlerinin deniz ticareti üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, NATO’nun 2013 yılı Somali Raporu’ndaki gemilere yaklaşma, saldırı, ele geçirme ve bozma (gemiler saldırıya uğradıktan sonra değerli olan yükler alınması ve serbest bırakılması eylemlerinin, UNCTAD’ın 2014 yılı Somali raporundaki deniz haydutluğu eylemlerinin neden olduğu fidye, sigorta, rota değişimi, güvenlik (güvenlik ekipmanı ve gemilerde silahlı adam/güvenlik personeli bulundurma ve askeri maliyetlerle ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada verilerin analizi için IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 programı kullanılarak korelasyon analizi ve Spearman’s rho analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, gemilere yaklaşma ve ele geçirme eylemlerinin fidye, sigorta, rota değiştirme ve askeri giderler üzerinde daha anlamlı etkilerinin olduğu, güvenlik giderleri üzerindeki etkisinin anlamlı olmadığı bulunmuştur. Saldırı ve bozma eylemlerinin ise sadece güvenlik maliyetleri üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu diğer maliyetler üzerinde etkili olmadığı görülmüştür.

    16. Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Jagung untuk Produk Modular dengan Teknik Pilin

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      Artarita Ginting

      2016-04-01

      Full Text Available ABSTRAKPengembangan industri kreatif tanpa limbah merupakan persyaratan penting bagi keseimbangan yang baik antara peningkatan usaha industri, daya dukung alam dan kesejahteraan manusia yang tinggal di lingkungan tersebut. Sangat sedikit usaha para pelaku industri untuk mengoptimalkan manfaat sebuah hasil alam hingga tidak menghasilkan limbah sama sekali. Kulit jagung merupakan salah satu limbah rumah tangga dan industri kecil yang jumlahnya berlimpah namun kurang optimal dalam pemanfaatannya. Produksi dan konsumsi jagung merupakan bagian dari satu sistem kehidupan yang utuh sehingga patut dipertimbangkan strategi pelaksanaannya agar daya dukung lingkungan tetap kuat. Penelitian eksperimental bahan kulit jagung ini bertujuan memanfaatkan limbah kulit jagung sebagai bahan alternatif produk kerajinan secara optimal tanpa menghasilkan limbah kembali. Dalam penelitian yang menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen bahan posttest-only, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pengawetan dengan rendaman CH3COOH selama 24 jam dan proses penjemuran selama 3 jam pada jam 9 pagi hingga jam 12 siang menghasilkan serat kulit jagung yang memiliki kekuatan tarik paling tinggi dan warna yang cerah. Sedangkan teknik pemilinan membantu untuk menambah kekuatan tarik melalui kepadatan dari hasil pilinan kulit jagung. Hasil penelitian eksperimen bahan digunakan untuk membuat spesifikasi performa produk bagi konsep perancangan desain rak anyam modular yang diwujudkan dengan teknik sambung pasak yang praktis dalam penggunaannya. Kata kunci: tanpa limbah, pilinan kulit jagung, kaleng bekas, modular ABSTRACT  The development of zero waste creative industry is a vital prerequisite for a healthy balance between industrial development, nature support capacity and community welfare within the area. There are only a few number of industries that consider to optimalized their raw materials towards zero waste goal. Corn husk is one of the industrial and residential waste that is under

    17. /ı/ Türkçede Bir Anasesbirim midir? Is The Letter of /ı/ Archiphoneme In Turkish?

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      Fatih ÖZEK

      2013-03-01

      öre genel Türkçedeki sekiz ünlü, bu ünlülerden gelişmiştir. Ancak A.N. Baskakov, /ı/ ‘nın ana bir sesbirim olduğu, [i,u,ü] ünlerinin /ı/ sesbiriminin değişkenleri olduğu görüşündedir. Bu farklı görüş makalenin yazılmasında etkili olmuştur. Anasesbirimi, bünyesinde birden fazla sesin özelliklerini barındıran anases veya bir dilin bilinen ilk sesleri olarak tanımlamak mümkündür. Anasesbirimler, güçlü seslerdir. Çoğunlukla varlıklarını korurlar. Ancak bu özellikler /ı/ sesbiriminde görülmemektedir. Buna delil olarak aşağıdaki tespitleri sayılabilir:1. Codex Cumanicus’taki qlıç (~ qılıç [cliç, cliz/kiliç] yazılışları,2. /ı/ ünlüsünün söz başında ön damaksıllaşması (Uyg. biş- ~ bış- ‘pişmek, olgunlaşmak’; Hrzm. biş-; Kıp. biş- ~ piş-; Çağ.piş-; ETT piş-; Bşk., Tat., Türkm., Az. biş-; Kzk. pis-; Özb., Y.Uyg.,Gag., Trk. piş- < ET bış-; Uyg. til ~ tıl ‘dil’; Krh. dil ~ til; Hrzm. til; Kıp. til; Çağ. til; ETT dil; Tat., Bşk. tĕl; Kzk., Kklp., Nog.,Kmk., Krg., Özb., Y.Uyg. til; Az., Türkm., Gag., Trk. Dil< ET tıl vb.3. İlk hece /ı/ ünlüsünün zayıflaması ve kısa ı’ya (ĭ değişmesi (Hak. hĭs,Tat., Bşk., Özb. kĭş, Kaz., Kklp, Nog. ḳĭs rak; Özb. yiràk; Y.Uyg., Gag. yirak; Türkm. yirāk < ETırak vb.5. /ı/ ünlüsünün ilk hecede varlığını daha çok /k/ art-damak ünsüzü gibi güçlü ünsüzler eşliğinde sürdürebilmesi. (Uyg. ķıl; Krh. ķıl; Hrzm. ķıl; Kıp. ķıl; Çağ. ķıl; ETT ķıl; Tuv., Hak. xıl; Az., Türkm. ġıl; Alt., Şor., Bşk., Kzk., Krg., Tat., Özb., Y.Uyg., Gag., Trk., Yak. kıl < ET ķıl vb.Bu noktadan hareketle makalede /ı/ sesbiriminin tarihsel seyri ve günümüz kullanımları dikkate alınarak ana sesbirim özelliği taşıyıp ta

    18. APPLICATIONS LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND COMPOSITION OF PLANT MEDIA TO RESULT OF SELADA PLANTS (Lactuca sativa L

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      Sri Hidayati

      2017-12-01

      Full Text Available Abstract:           Lettuce (lactuca sativa is a vegetable that has a very high economic value. Where this plant can be grown in temperate and tropical regions, Lettuce production is still low, then this plant needs to be given fertilizer treatment. One of the fertilizer that can be used is liquid organic fertilizer. Liquid Organic Fertilizer has several benefits such as to encourage and increase the growth and yield of plants.             Objective: To know the effect of combination of planting media composition and liquid organic fertilizer to growth and yield of lettuce crop; To know the influence of plant plant composition on growth and yield of lettuce plant; To know the effect of liquid organic fertilizer on growth and yield of lettuce plant.            The experiment was conducted in experimental garden of Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Merdeka Surabaya Jl.Ketintang Madya VII / 2 Surabaya, with the space 0-20 meters above sea level.      This research is a pot experiment and is a two factor factorial research with Randomized Block Design (RAK, the first factor is Liquid Organic Fertilizer with 3 levels and the second factor is the composition of planting media with 4 levels. Where Factor I: liquid organic fertilizer consisting of: P1: 1 ml / plant; P2: 2 ml / plant; P3: 3 ml / plant, Factor II: planting medium consisting of 4 (four levels, namely: M1: soil + manure + rice husk: 2: 1: 1; M2: soil + manure + rice husk: 1: 1: 1; M3: ground + manure + sand: 2: 1: 1; M4: ground + manure + sand: 1: 1: 1, treatment repeated 3 times and each treatment there are 2 plant samples, so the number of plants as much 72 or 72 polybag.Based on the results of research conducted, it can be concluded as follows:1. POC concentration factor (P showed significant influence on all variables studied such as leaf number, plant length and wet weight of plant.2. The media composition factor (M showed a nonsignificant effect

    19. Süne (Eurygaster spp Hasarlı Buğdayların Bazı Protein Fraksiyonları ve Farinogram Değerleri Üzerine Buharla Tavlamanın Etkileri

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      Harun Dıraman

      2015-02-01

      Full Text Available Süne olarak isimlendirilen böcek hasat öncesinde buğday tanesine etki ederek unun ekmek yapım niteliklerine zarar veren proteolitik enzimleri salgılamaktadır. Süne hasarına uğramış buğdaylardan yapılan hamur, aşırı proteolitik aktivite nedeniyle yapışkan ve cıvık olup, yoğurma güçlüğü göstermektedir. Böcek enziminin proteolitik aktivitesi, buğdayın hasar derecesine bağlı olarak, 70 oC civarındaki sıcaklıkta 1-5 dakikalık buharla tavlama ile inhibe edilebilir. Bu çalışma, kontrol (% 0 süne hasarı, % 4 (±1 süne emgili ve % 9 (±3 süne emgili olmak üzere üç farklı gruptaki ticari buğday paçalında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bütün örnekler Chopin CD - 1 laboratuvar değirmeninde 20 oC'de % 15.5 nemde öğütülmüştür. Süne hasarlı örnekler 70 oC civarındaki sıcaklıktaki buhara, hasar derecelerine göre 2, 3 ve 6 dakika maruz bırakılmıştır. Buharla tavlama esnasında örneklerin sıcaklığı 62-66 oC arasında değişmiş olup, tavlama işlemi kesikli olarak uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada buharla tavlanan süne hasarlı buğdaylarda bazı parametrelerin (toplam protein, %70 alkolde çözünen [gliadin] ve 0.05 M asetik asitte çözünmeyen [glutenin] kalıntı protein fraksiyonları ve farinograf değerlerinin değişimi incelenmiştir. Buharla tavlama ile alkolde çözünür protein (gliadin miktarı azalırken, kalıntı proteinleri (çoğunlukla glutenin miktarı artmıştır. Buharla tavlama sonrasında, farinograf stabilite ve gelişme süresi artmış, yoğurma tolerans indeksi ise azalmıştır. Bu sonuçlar, süne hasarlı buğdayda buharla tavlama nedeniyle, asetik asitte çözünmeyen protein fraksiyonundaki değişimlerle bağlantılı olarak hamur reolojik niteliklerinin iyileştiğini göstermiştir.

    20. ANALISIS BUTIR SOAPENGELOLAAN ARSIP INAKTIF DALAM UPAYA MENDUKUNG LAYANAN INFORMASI DI KANTOR ARSIP DAN PERPUSTAKAAN DAERAH KABUPATEN PURWOREJOL MATA PELAJARAN PENGANTAR ADMINISTRASI PERKANTORAN

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      Nita Rahmawati

      2016-02-01

      Full Text Available Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepala Kantor Arsip dan Perpustakaan Daerah Kabupaten Purworejo, Kepala Bagian Tata Usaha, Kepala Seksi Akuisisi, Pengelolaan Arsip dan Dokumentasi,Staff Sub Tata Usaha,dan Arsiparis. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Prosedur penelitian ini meliputi tahap pra-lapangan, tahap pekerjaan lapangan, dan tahap analisis data. Teknik analisis data meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan menarik kesimpulan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan arsip meliputi pencatatan arsip, pengendalian dan pendistribusian arsip, penyimpanan arsip, pemeliharaan arsip, pengawasan arsip, pemindahan dan pemusnahan arsip. Kendala yang ada antara lain masih adanya arsip yang menumpuk di ruang depo penyimpanan arsip, tidak adanya sanksi bagi peminjam arsip yang terlambat mengembalikan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pencatatan arsip melalui kelengkapan arsip, pengendalian dan pendistribusian dengan tanggal terima, tanggal surat, paraf penerima. Sistem penyimpanan arsip yang digunakan adalah sistem penyimpanan kronologis (tanggal, pemeliharaan dengan membersihkan setiap sudut ruang arsip baik dengan kemoceng atau sapu dan memberikan kapur barus disela rak arsip juga melapisi arsip dengan kertas payung, pemindahan dan pemusnahan arsip dilakukan setiap periodik atau setahun sekali. Dengan demikian menyarankan : 1 mengoptimalkan ruang depo penyimpanan yang arsipnya masih ditumpuk dan belum diolah, 2 memberikan sanksi kepada peminjam arsip yang mengembalikan tidak tepat waktu. It was a qualitative research. The data source of the were the Head Office of Regional Library and Archive Office in Purworejo Regency, the Head of Administration, the Head Section of Procurement, Archives and Documentation Management,the Sub Staff of Administration, and the Archivist. The data were

    1. Ocena wybranych zachowań zdrowotnych przez i po zdiagnozowaniu choroby wśród kobiet z nowotworem piersi w oparciu o Inwentarz Zachowań Zdrowotnych Juczyńskiego – badanie wstępne = Evaluation of selected health behaviors before and after the diagnosis among women with breast cancer based on the Health-Related Behaviour Inventory (HBI questionnaire developed by Juczyński - preliminary study

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      Urszula Jolanta Bojakowska

      2016-05-01

      2. SKN przy Samodzielnej Pracowni Epidemiologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie       Słowa kluczowe: rak piersi, zachowania zdrowotne, profilaktyka Key words: brest cancer, health behaviors, prophylaxis   Abstrakt Cel pracy Celem pracy była ocena wybranych zachowań zdrowotnych przed i po leczeniu wśród kobiet  z nowotworem piersi. Materiał i metoda W badaniu zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego z techniką ankiety. Do realizacji badań posłużył kwestionariusz Inwentarz Zachowań Zdrowotnych (IZZ Juczyńskiego. Badaniami objęto 70 kobiet z rakiem piersi, w przedziale wieku między35 a77 rokiem życia zamieszkujących województwo lubelskie. Analizy statystyczne przeprowadzono w oparciu o program Statistica 10.0. Wyniki W oparciu o skalę IZZ przed chorobą wyniki niskie uzyskało 80% badanych, przeciętne – 11,4%, zaś wysokie – 8,6%. Po rozpoznaniu choroby wyniki niskie uzyskało 17,1%, przeciętne – 30%, a wysokie 52,9%.  Wskaźnik zachowań zdrowotnych dla ogółu badanych wyniósł  średnio 66,23 przed chorobą i 90,5 po rozpoznaniu. Po rozpoznaniu choroby we wszystkich kategoriach uzyskano wyższe wyniki niż przed. Wnioski Doświadczenia związane z chorobą mają istotny wpływ na wzrost ogólnego wskaźnika nasilenia zachowań zdrowotnych wśród kobiet z nowotworem piersi.  Po rozpoznaniu choroby we wszystkich analizowanych kategoriach zaobserwowano wyższy poziom deklarowanych zachowań zdrowotnych.         Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate selected health behaviors before and after diagnosis of the disease among women with breast cancer. Material and methods In the study the diagnostic survey method was applied in combination with the questionnaire technique. To conduct the research we used Juczyński’s inventory of health behaviours questionnaire. The survey included 77 women with breast cancer, aged from 35 to 77, living in the Lubelskie Voivodeship. The statistical analyses were conducted with

    2. Neocolonialism and Health Care Access among Marshall Islanders in the United States.

      Science.gov (United States)

      Duke, Michael R

      2017-09-01

      In the Marshall Islands, a history of extensive nuclear weapons testing and covert biomedical research, coupled with the U.S.'s ongoing military presence in the country, has severely compromised the health of the local population. Despite the U.S.'s culpability in producing ill health along with high rates of emigration from the islands to the mainland United States, the large portion of Marshallese who reside in the United States face substantial barriers to accessing health care. Drawing from ongoing field research with a Marshallese community in Arkansas, this article explores the multifaceted impediments that U.S.-based Marshall Islanders face in receiving medical treatment. Calling on an expansive and inclusive notion of neocolonialism, I argue that Marshallese structural vulnerability with regard to health and health care treatment derives from their status as neocolonial subjects and from their limited claims to health-related deservingness associated with this status. [Marshall Islanders, health care access, neocolonialism, radiation exposure, immigrant health] L̗ōmn̗ak ko rōttin̗o: Ilo M̗ajel̗, juon bwebwenato kōn kōmmālmel im nuclear baam̗ ko im ekkatak ko rōttin̗o̗ kōn wāwein an baijin ko jelōt armej, barāinwōt an to an ri tarinae ro an Amedka pād ilo aelōn̄ kein, em̗ōj an jelōt ājmour an armej ro ilo aelōn̄ kein. Men̄e alikkar bwe Amedka in ear jino nan̄inmej kein im ej un eo armej rein rej em̗m̗akūt jān āne kein āne er n̄an ioon Amedka, elōn̄ iaan ri M̗ajel̗ rein rej jelm̗ae elōn̄ apan̄ ko n̄an aer del̗o̗n̄e jikin ājmour ko. Jān ekkatak eo ej bōk jikin kiō, jerbal in ej etali kabōjrak rak kein rōlōn̄ im armej in M̗ajel̗ ro ioon Amedka in rej jelm̗ae ilo aer jibadōk lo̗k jikin taktō. Ilo an kar Amedka jibadōk juon jea eo eutiej imejān lal̗ in, ij kwal̗ok juon aō akweelel bwe apan̄ ko an armej in M̗ajel̗ ikijjeen ājmour im jikin taktō ej itok jān aer kar ri kōm̗akoko ilo an kar

    3. Experimental performance evaluation of solid concrete and dry insulation materials for passive buildings in hot and humid climatic conditions

      International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

      Rehman, Hassam Ur

      2017-01-01

      Highlights: • Experimental investigation of building insulation materials in UAE from 2012–2014. • Four same calorimeters with different south walls were built in open air laboratory. • Heat flux was reduced by 22–75% in steady state analysis during summer by insulation. • Hence, energy consumption for cooling was reduced by an average 7.6–25.3%. • Heat flow was steady in free floating analysis in winter through insulated walls. - Abstract: It is known that enhancement of building energy efficiency can help in reducing energy consumption. The use of the solar insulating materials are the most efficient and cost effective passive methods for reducing the cooling requirements of the buildings. Apart from theoretical studies, no detailed experimental studies were performed in the UAE on energy savings by using solar insulation materials on buildings. Four (3 m × 3 m × 3 m) solar calorimeters were built in RAK, UAE in order to perform an open air outdoor test for energy savings obtained with solar insulating materials. The design is aimed to determine the heat flux reduction and the energy savings achieved with and without different solar insulating materials, mounted at the south wall of solar calorimeters with similar indoor and ambient conditions. Experimental results are discussed to evaluate the thermal performance during high temperature conditions in summer’s period when cooling demand of the building is at its peak and also in winters when there is no cooling demand. The test is from 2012 to 2014. The controlled-temperature experimental study at a set point of 24 °C showed that if the standard building material, i.e. solid concrete, is retrofitted with polyisocyanurate (PIR) and reflective coatings or completely replaced with energy-efficient dry insulation material walls such as exterior insulation finishing system (EIFS), energy savings up to an average of 7.6–25.3% can be achieved. This is due to the reduction of heat flux by an

    4. Suriyeli Mültecilerin “Misafir” Olma Haline Misafirperverlik Hukuku ve Etiği Açısından Bakış / The View of Syrian Refugees as a “Guest” in terms of Hospitality Law and Ethics

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Ceylan LORTOĞLU

      2017-02-01

      Full Text Available Bu çalışmada misafirperverlik kavramı Kant’ın misafirperverlik hukuku ile Derrida’nın Levinas’tan esinlenerek oluşturduğu misafirperverlik etiği düşüncesi açısından incelenmiş, Suriyeli mültecilere yönelik misafirlik söylemi Derrida’nın misafirperverlik düşüncesinden hareketle ele alınmıştır. Kant’ın misafirperverlik düşüncesinin köklerinin bulunduğu uluslararası sözleşmelerde mültecilik hakkı devletlerin insiyatifine bırakılarak sınırlandırılmıştır. Günümüzde egemen devletlere bakıldığında uluslararası hukuku sınırlandırdıkları ve mültecilerin sınırdan geçmesini engelleyen yasa ve yönetmelikler çıkardıkları görülmüştür. Cenevre Sözleşmesi’ne coğrafi kısıtlama şartıyla taraf olan Türkiye de iltica yasası ve politikasında sınırlamalar koymuştur. Suriyeli mültecilere yönelik geçici koruma yönetmeliği geçicilik ve mültecilerin acil ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması esası üzerinden düzenlenmiştir. Bu şekilde insan haklarından uzak, devletlerin çıkarını gözeten yasa ve politikaların dışında bir yol deneyimlemeye çalışan Derrida, koşulsuzluğu göz önünde bulundurarak yasa ve politikaların daha nasıl misafirperver yapılabileceğine dair sorgulamada bulunmuştur. Bu bağlamda misafirperverlik kavramını yapısöküme uğratmış, kavramın aporetik, çelişik ve imkansız yapısını ortaya koymuştur. Derrida’nın misafirperverlik düşüncesinden yola çıktığımızda Suriyeli mültecilere yönelik misafirlik söyleminin içinde barındırdığı çelişki, geçicilik, düşman ve istilacı imgesi, “biz” ve “onlar” ayrımı gazete haberlerinde ve toplum algısında gözlenebilmiştir. Derrida, iktidarı barındıran böylesi bir koşullu misafirperverliğin eşik, kapı olduğunu dolayısıyla misafirperverlik olmadığını belirtmiştir.

    5. Elazığ yöresine ait atık tuğla ve kireç taşı tozunun kendiliğinden yerleşen harcın mühendislik özelliklerine etkisi

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Merve Açıkgenç

      2013-06-01

      Full Text Available Bu çalışmanın amacı, kendiliğinden yerleşen harçta (KYH mineral katkı kullanımının harcın dayanım ve viskozite özelliklerine etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Kendiliğinden yerleşen beton (KYB, geleneksel betona göre daha az iri agrega içerdiğinden KYB tasarımının temelini harç oluşturur. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada harç kullanmak uygun bulunmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra KYB' da gerekli dayanım, dayanıklılık ve uygun bir işlenebilirlik gibi özellikler, iyi bir beton üretimini kaçınılmaz kılmaktadır. Bu özelliklerin sağlanmasında mineral katkı maddelerinin (Silis dumanı, Uçucu kul, kireçtaşı tozu, yüksek fırın cürufu vb. gerekliliği ve belirli miktarda toz malzemenin sağlanmasının, özellikle KYB' da işlenebilirlik ve kıvam açısından şart olduğu yapılan birçok çalışmada ortaya konulmuştur. Ayrıca, düzensiz bir biçimde çevreye bırakılan atıkların çevre sağlığını tehdit etmesini önlemek ve KYB' da kullanılacak toz maddelere yöresel anlamda yenilerini ekleyerek, böylece hem nakliye maliyetinin hem de kireç taşı ve tuğla tozunun çimento azaltılarak kullanımıyla malzeme maliyetin düşürülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, çimento yerine ikame yöntemiyle Elazığ Yöresi Kireçtaşı Tozu ve Atık Tuğla Tozu birlikte ve ayrı ayrı kullanılarak, toplamda 23 adet harç karışımı oluşturulmuştur. Bu harçların, işlenebilirlik özelliklerini belirlemek ve kendiliğinden yerleşebilirliklerini incelemek amacıyla, mini çökme-yayılma ve mini V-hunisi deneyleri yapılmış, ayrıca harçların viskoziteleri saptanmıştır. Mekanik özellikler için numunelerin 3, 7, 28 ve 91 günlük periyotlarında üç noktalı eğilme ve basınç deneyi yapılmıştır. Ayrıca numuneler üzerinde kapiler su emme deneyi yapılmış ve daha sonra numunelerin toplam su emme, porozite oranları ve yoğunlukları belirlenmiştir.

    6. FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING IN THE CONTEXT OF CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH YAPILANDIRMACI YAKLAŞIM BAĞLAMINDA YABANCI DİL ÖĞRETİMİ

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Mehmet Nuri GÖMLEKSİZ

      2011-06-01

      Full Text Available Nowadays, although knowing a foreign language, especially English has been compelled as a concealed discipline rather than necessity, problems of language teaching hasn’t been overcome in our country yet. These problems continue without having alternatives and in a vicious cycle. With this study, in accordance with the purposes of reaching the goal of language teaching in a short time and making language learning enjoyable and practical, an assessment was made on the importance of the constructivist approach. We pointed out that problems stemming from teachers have taken place at the forefront of teaching a foreign language which has actually contained within the constructivist approach itself in terms of both materials and the format used in the preparation of textbooks. The need for teachers who are well-trained, using a foreign language perfectly was emphasized in the study in order to activate and reveal students' creative experiences and interests and also to help students’ effective participation in the course. It was also stated that bringing the real world to the student-centered classroom environment which is not crowded and performing applications in order to make students use the language very well would be possible with the contributions of these teachers Ülkemizde bir yabancı dil bilmenin, özellikle İngilizce bilmenin gereklilikten ziyade gizli bir baskıyla mecbur bırakıldığı günümüzde, dil öğretimi sorunları hala aşılamamıştır. Bu sorunlar çıkmaz içerisinde ve kısır döngüde devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, dil öğreniminin keyifli ve pratik hale getirilmesi ve dil öğretme hedefine kısa zamanda ulaşılmasında yapılandırmacı yaklaşımın önemi konusunda bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Gerek kullanılan materyaller gerekse ders kitaplarının hazırlanış formatı ile aslında yapılandırmacı yaklaşımı içinde barındıran yabancı dil öğretiminde, öğretmenlerden kaynaklanan

    7. Impacts of coexisting bronchial asthma on severe exacerbations in mild-to-moderate COPD: results from a national database

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Lee H

      2016-04-01

      Full Text Available Hyun Lee,1 Chin Kook Rhee,2 Byung-Jae Lee,3 Dong-Chull Choi,3 Jee-Ae Kim,4 Sang Hyun Kim,5 Yoolwon Jeong,6 Tae-Hyung Kim,7 Gyu Rak Chon,8 Ki-Suck Jung,9 Sang Haak Lee,10 David Price,11 Kwang Ha Yoo,12,* Hye Yun Park1,* 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 2Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 3Division of Allergy, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 4Pharmaceutical Policy Evaluation Research Team, Research Institution, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, 5Big Data Division, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Seoul, 6Division of Chronic Disease Control, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, 7Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, 8Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chungju Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju City, 9Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, 10Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St Paul’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; 11Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; 12Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea *These authors contributed equally to this work Backround: Acute exacerbations are major drivers of COPD deterioration. However, limited data are available for the

    8. Pengaruh Cairan Cultur Filtrate Fibroblast (CFF Terhadap Penyembuhan Luka; Penelitian eksperimental pada Rattus Norvegicus Galur Wistar

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Oky Masir

      2012-11-01

      Full Text Available AbstrakLatar belakang:Metode penyembuhan luka telah mengalami perkembangan, baik berupa suatu produk atau stimulan terhadap proses biologis tubuh dalam menkompensasi luka. Fibroblas merupakan salah satu komponen penyembuhan yang berperan penting dalam proses fibroplasia. Culture Filtrate Fibroblast (CFF merupakan hasil kultur fibroblas yang akan dibuktikan efeknya terhadap proses percepatan penyembuhan luka pada penelitian ini. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental dengan metode post test only control group design dan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK dengan menggunakan tikus putih wistar. Hewan coba dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu 2 kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan CFF ke area eksisi luka dan kelompok kontrol yang diberikan larutan NaCl 0,9% ke area eksisi luka. Data diolah dengan SPSS 16.0. Data Kategori dianalisa dengan Chi-squared dan data numerik dengan Independent T-test. Hasil. Dari tingkat penyembuhan tidak ditemukan perbedaan pada kedua kelompok, namun perubahan restriksi jaringan lebih besar pada kelompok perlakuan. Pada skor pembentukan kolagen, derajat epitelisasi serta jumlah pembentukan pembuluh darah baru pada hari ke-3 tidak ditemukan perbedaan antara kedua kelompok. Namun pada pengamatan hari ke-7 memperlihatkan pembentukan kolagen, derajat epitelisasi serta jumlah pembentukan pembuluh darah baru lebih banyak pada kelompok perlakuan. Pada fibrosis hari ke-3 dan hari ke-7 memperlihatkan terjadinya fibrosis lebih banyak pada kelompok perlakuan dibanding kontrol. Pada pengamatan terjadinya infeksi hari ke-3 memperlihatkan infeksi lebih sedikit pada kelompok perlakuan dan terjadinya infeksi sama pada hari ke-7. Kesimpulan. CFF memberikan tingkat penyembuhan luka yang lebih baik dibanding NaCl.Kata kunci: CFF, NaCl 0,9 %, tingkat penyembuhan luka.Abstract Background: Wound healing methods have been developed, either a product or a stimulant to the body's biological processes in wound compensation. Fibroblasts is one

    9. Islah Edici Yeni Yöntemlerin Kurgusal Düzlemde Keşfi: Avrupa Sarı Kâğıtları Yırtabildi Mi? Grading the Discovery of New Methods Corrective Fiction: Could Europe Tear the Yellow Paper?

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Canan OLPAK KOÇ

      2012-12-01

      için. Bu tür kurguladığı sanal toplum ile günün sorununu yansıtırken çözüm önerisini de içerisinde barındırır. Sefiller’de de benzer bir soruna değinen bu ortam kurgusal bir tür olan romanın döneminin sosyal ortamını yansıtış biçimi ile ele alınacaktır. Hangi suç sebebi ile cezaevine girerse girsin bütün toplumlarda cezaevinden çıkan mahkûmu etiketleme davranışı vardır. Oysa kişiler suç işlemiş ya da suça itilmiş olsun bu toplumun birer parçasıdır. Ve belirlenen bir süre ile hürriyetten yoksun bırakılarak mağdur ve toplum vicdanına karşı bedel ödemişlerdir. Victor Hugo'nun Sefiller romanında da bu etiketlemeden nasibini almış olan kahraman, içinde doğduğu topluma yeniden adapte olmaya çalışmaktadır. Acaba toplum, devlet ve kurumlar bu süreçte nasıl rol oynamış ve bu kişiyi hangi yönde etkilemiştir. Bu soruların cevabı ve olması gerekenler cevaplandırılmaya çalışılacaktır. Peki günümüzde farklı toplumlarda eski hükümlülere davranış şekli değişmiş midir?

    10. Paphlagonia Bölgesi’nde Geç Antik ve Erken Bizans Yerleşimi: Sora / Late Antique and Early Byzantine Settlement in Paphlagonia Region: Sora

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Durmuş Gür

      2017-06-01

      Full Text Available Abstract The late antique, early Byzantine settlement area locates at 12 km. distance to southwest of Karabuk Central District, on a sloping land with an altitude of 700 meters piedmont of Keltepe mountain. This settlement area, called as Zora, Zara, Zopran, Sora, Sopran or some other similar names by the researchers, locates within the boundaries of Akören (Kaleköy and Zopran today. This area is one of the five central eparchies bounded to Paphlagonia district of Gangra (Çankırı. Various column headers, inscriptions, sculptures, Hellenistic sepulchres and architectural ruins belonging to Roman age are identified there. The settlement area called as Sora since the 4th century is observed by Doublet (1889, Mendel (1901, Gökoğlu (1952, Marek (1993, 2003, Belke (1996 and Umar (2007, and they found out that it used to be called Zobran in the records of 16th century Ottoman archive. Within the scope of this research, Sora is observed in details for the periods of Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman. The life of St. Autonomous, who had came there in the 4th century to proselytize Christianity and became a martyre, their sepulchre constructions, the bishops of the city, architectural plastic works and scriptures are all researched. Moreover, the problem of naming the area which was confusing for many years is tried to be solved by this research beside documenting the present condition of the architectural ruin on their original places. Öz Karabük’ün 12 km. güneybatısında bulunan geç Antik-erken Bizans dönemi yerleşim alanı Sora (günümüzde Zopran ve Akören, Keltepe Dağı’nın eteklerinde ortalama 700 m. rakımda eğimli bir arazi üzerinde yer almaktadır. Araştırmacılar tarafından Zora, Zara, Zopran, Sora, Sopran gibi çeşitli isimlerle adlandırılan yerleşim, günümüzde Akören (Kaleköy ve Zopran sınırlarında kalmaktadır. Sora, Paphlagonia bölgesinde Gangra (Çankırı Metropolitliğine bağlı beş Piskoposluk

    11. Wpływ wybranych cech społeczno–demograficznych na zachowania zdrowotne w zakresie profilaktyki raka piersi w populacji kobiet pracujących z makroregionu lubelskiego

      Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

      Urszula Jolanta Bojakowska

      2015-09-01

          Słowa kluczowe: rak piersi, profilaktyka, zachowania zdrowotne. Key words: breast cancer, prophylaxis, health behaviors.   Streszczenie Wprowadzenie i cel pracy Rosnąca liczba zachorowań na raka piersi oraz negatywne następstwa choroby stały się jednym z największych wyzwań w dziedzinie opieki zdrowotnej w skali całego świata. Celem pracy była analiza wpływu wybranych cech społeczno – demograficznych na zachowania zdrowotne w zakresie profilaktyki raka piersi wśród kobiet pracujących w makroregionie lubelskim. Materiał i metody. Narzędziem badawczym była ankieta własnego autorstwa, skonstruowana wyłącznie na potrzeby badania. Obejmowała ona 34 pytania z zakresu wiedzy i zachowań zdrowotnych kobiet. Badania przeprowadzono metodą sondażu diagnostycznego. Wyniki. Większość kobiet (70,8% uważała, że najlepszą metodą wykrywania raka piersi jest badanie mammograficzne. Kobiety mieszkające w dużym mieście znacznie częściej uczęszczały na kontrolne wizyty lekarskie, których celem było zbadanie piersi, niż mieszkanki wsi. Kobiety z wyższym wykształceniem rzadziej deklarowały umiejętność samobadania piersi, a tylko 31,4% wykonywała badanie regularnie. Kobiety z wyższym wykształceniem (40% rzadziej korzystają z badania USG i badania mammograficznego, a mieszkające w dużym mieście częściej niż pozostałe.   Wnioski. Znaczna część badanych kobiet nie korzysta regularnie z kontrolnych wizyt lekarskich, których celem jest badanie piersi. Większość kobiet potrafi wykonać samobadanie piersi, jednak mieszkanki dużych miast przeprowadzają badanie z większą regularnością. Kobiety z badanej grupy wiedzą kiedy i jak często należy wykonywać badanie mammograficzne. Mieszkanki dużych miast częściej korzystają z badań profilaktycznych, a z wyższym wykształceniem rzadziej niż pozostałe.    Summary   Background and aim Growing number of breast cancer cases and negative succession of the disease

    12. Aysun TUNAa,*, Parisa ALİASGHARİ KHABBAZİb, Murat Ertuğrul YAZGANb

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      Aysun TUNA

      2014-11-01

      Full Text Available Türk bahçesi üzerinde Batı etkisinin görülmeye başladığı dönem “lale devri”’dir. İdare ve siyasi yönden bir gerileme başlangıcı olan bu dönem kısalığına rağmen, güzel sanatlar ve peyzaj açısından önemlidir. III. Ahmet başta olmak üzere devlet büyükleri ve zenginlerinin yaptırdıkları, kağıthane vadisinden başlayarak, Haliç ve Boğaz kıyılarına yayılan sayısız sahil-saray, saray, köşk ve yalıların bahçe ve koruları ile İstanbul bir “bahçe ve su şehri” görünümüne bürünmüştür. Avrupa’da Rönesans ve Barok bahçe modası yerini İngiliz natüralist bahçelerine bırakırken, Türk bahçesi Barok bahçelerinin güzellik ve ihtişamı ile büyülenmekte idi. Bu devrin en karakteristik eserleri Topkapı Sarayı bahçeleri ve Üsküdar Sarayları’nın bahçeleri olarak karşımıza çıkmıştır. Osmanlı mimarisinin Avrupa etkilerine açılması, 28. Mehmet Çelebi’nin 1720-1721 yılları arasında Fransa’yı ziyareti ile başlayan bir girişimin dolaylı ürünü olmuştur. Bu devirde şiir, edebiyat ve müzikle birlikte bahçe sanatında da büyük gelişmeler olmuş, saray ekranı İstanbul’da manzaraya hakim güzel yerlerde bahçeli saray, köşk ve yalılar yaptırarak zevkü sefa sürmeye başlamışlar. Bunların arasında Beşiktaş’taki Çırağan Sarayı ile Kağıthane Vadisi’ndeki Sadatabad Sarayı ve Üçyüz Köşk bu döneme ait en önemli örnekler olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Lale devri mimarisinde doğrudan doğruya Batı’dan aktarılan “biçimler” görülmemiş ancak lale devri le birlikte baş gösteren ve genel tasarlama eğiliminde kavranabilen yenilikler olmuştur. Lale devrindeki batıya açılış Türk bahçelerinde de benzer düzenlemelerin ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır. 1720’lerdeki Fransız elçisi aracılığı ile bu ülkeden bahçe düzenleyicileri getirilmiştir. 19. Yüzyılın başında III. Selim’in kızı karde

    13. A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE NOVELS “BLUE AND BLACK” AND “THE SORROWS OF YOUNG WERTHER” MAİ VE SİYAH VE GENÇ WERTHER’İN ACILARI ROMANLARI ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR İNCELEME

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      Hacer GÜLŞEN

      2012-01-01

      Full Text Available Fiction has always been one of the most favourite types for readers. Some novels leave deep influences on society. Such novels can also be called a novel of a generation. Such that, novel heroes influence the reader as heroes from real life. In this article, we will address two generation novels. The first one is the “Sorrows of Young Werther”, written by Goethe, the great author of the German literature in 1774. The other one is the “Blue and Black” written by Halit Ziya, the great author of Turkish literature, in 1897. According to this method the purpose of which is to discover the relations between life and the work, it is seen that the heroes of both novels are a little bit their authors in person. Goethe is Young Werther and Ahmet Cemil is Halit Ziya. And the people around them such as Raci in Blue and Black resembled to Muallim Naci profoundly. Both characters reflected their own period very well. They have influence not only with their ideas but also their way of dressing and actions as well as even their loves. Ahmet Cemil got disappointed when he could not attain his goals. His dreams at a blue night ended at a black night. The contrast between dream and reality was also expressed with colours. In Young Werther, colors are remarkable as well. “Blue and Black” ends with a disappointment with this regard. Whereas Young Werther ends with suicide. The method used in the analysis is the Positivism method, one of the comparative literature methods which makes an art of comparing literary works. Roman türü, okur tarafından en beğenilen türlerden biri olmuştur. Bazı romanlar toplum üzerinde derin tesirler bırakır. Bu romanlar bir neslin romanı olarak da adlandırılabilir. Öyle ki, roman kahramanları, hayatın içinden kahramanlar olarak okura tesir eder. Bu makalede iki nesil romanı ele alınmıştır. Romanlardan ilki Almanedebiyatının büyük ustası Goethe tarafından 1774 yılında oluşturulan

    14. Çivi Yazılı Hukukta Kölelere Verilen Cezalar Punishments Given To Slaves In Cuneiform Law

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      Yusuf KILIÇ

      2013-09-01

      Full Text Available Agricultural activities that came out as a result of permanent settlement also brought about the need for human work force. Thus, slavery as a class arose and this class was composed of people who were under the control of their lords, used as a work force having no freedom. The Ancient Near East societies found the existence of slavery system beneficial for their small scale and closed economy. Thus, they created a class of slaves from war captives, from those who had to transfer their goods and lands as a result of growing poorer due to poor harvest, debtors who did not pay for their debts and from the ones who stood up to their families; thus punished. In order to provide the permanence of this cheap and constant labor force, they proposed certain penal sanctions within the current legal norms attributing some of the behaviors of slaves as guilt. The aim of this study is to present the penal sanctions against the acts of slaves regarded as guilt within the laws. For this aim, the study focused on Ancient Mesopotamian societies and Hittites in Anatolia both having cuneiform legal system. The behaviors requiring punishment according to the legal systems of these ancient societies were: running away from the lord’s house, a woman’s wearing scarf without the permission of her lord, slave’s stealing something and disobeying the lord. Slaves who performed such behaviors were mutilated. Additionally, the people who hide a slave running away from the lord’s house were given capital punishment. İnsanoğlunun yerleşik hayat düzenine geçişiyle birlikte başlayan tarımsal faaliyetler insan iş gücü ihtiyacını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Böylece efendisine bağlı olup, iş gücü olarak yararlanılan ve çeşitli sebeplerden dolayı hürriyetinden yoksun bırakılmış olan insanların oluşturdukları köle sınıfı ortaya çıkmıştır. Nitekim Eski Yakındoğu toplumları küçük ve kapalı ekonomileri için kölelik sisteminin

    15. THE RESTORATION OF PAINTING “NUDE” BY SAİP TUNA FOUND IN COLLECTION OF THE ANKARA STATE MUSEUM OF PAINTINGS AND SCULPTURES [Tr: ANKARA DEVLET RESİM VE HEYKEL MÜZESİ KOLEKSİYONUNDA BULUNAN, SAİP TUNA’YA AİT “NÜ” İSİMLİ TABLONUN RESTORASYONU

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      Berna ÇAĞLAR ERYURT

      2018-04-01

      . [TR: Yağlı boya tablo konservasyonu, depolamadan sergilemeye, taşımadan paketlemeye, temizlikten rötuş yöntemlerine değin oldukça hassas ve farklı uzmanlık alanı gerektiren bir koruma dalıdır. Ülkemizde bu alanda uzman sayısının azlığı, araştırma ve yayınların yetersizliği dikkat çekmekte, yapılan sayılı çalışmanın ise genelde bilimsel esaslara dayalı olmadığı gözlenmektedir. Müzelerimizde, özel koleksiyonlarda uzman olmayan kişilerce hatalı uygulamalara maruz bırakılmış veya uygun koşullarda saklanmadıkları için zarara uğramış pek çok eserle karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu eserlerden biri de çalışmamıza konu olan, Ankara Devlet Resim ve Heykel Müzesi’nin deposunda bulunan, Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nin önemli ressamlarından Saip Tuna’ya (1904-1974 ait “Nü” isimli yağlı boya tablodur. Bu çalışmamızda söz konusu tablo üzerinde bilimsel yöntemlerle gerçekleştirilen inceleme, belgeleme işlemleri ile koruma ve onarım yöntemleri ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda söz konusu tablo tahribatsız (görsel ve mikroskobik yöntemlerle incelenmiş; eğimli ışık, arkadan aydınlatma ve mor ötesi ışık yardımıyla tabloyu oluşturan katmanlardaki bozulmalar ve önceki onarımlar tespit edilmiştir. Yoğun vernik uygulaması, hatalı rötuş gibi, eserin özgün yapısına uygun olmayan malzeme/yöntemler kullanılarak yapılmış önceki onarım müdahaleleri ile elverişsiz depolama koşullarından kaynaklanan sorunların eserde bozulmalara/hasarlara yol açtığı gözlenmiştir. Tespit edilen bozulmalar ve hasarlar doğrultusunda tablonun onarım çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma ile elde edilen veriler, koruma ve onarım uygulamalarının başarısında alan uzmanlığının önemi kadar, bilimsel araştırma ve incelemeye dayalı tespit ve teşhisin de gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.

    16. 1714-1715 Yılları Arasında Konya’daki Mahallelerin Konut Yayılımlarının 45 Numaralı Şeriye Sicil Defterindeki Menzil Satış Belgeleri Işığında Çözümlemesi The Solution In The Light Of Documentation Sell Houses That Is In 45 Numbered Seriye Registry Notebook Of Expansion Of The Houses Of Districts Of Konya Between The Years Of 1714 And 1715

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      Hicran Hanım HALAÇ

      2012-12-01

      Full Text Available Historical researches generally prefer to examine some of theevents described as landmark of the historical variations instead ofdealing with the daily life of past periods. The reason is that it cancomparatively easy to reach the enlightening data which labeled astraces on historical process. However, when the topic is about thedistribution of houses made up districts in the cities of past, there arealmost none specific studies which are used as a primary resource. Ingeneral the used writing of last quarter of XIX in the history ofjurisprudence and sosyo economic history are not only juridical,in thesame time the registry is loaded by administrative and municipalfuncitons. The ottoman history will illuminate the unknown directionsin the social,political,administrative,economical aspect or will fulfill theremaining directions in the registry.In general in the used writing thehistory of jurisprudence and sosyo-economic history ,registries areamed to rotate the Point Clouds substracting the Parameter ofArcihitecture to the light of the day.In this research article,is introduced the importance of Konya thathas been increasing since Turks and Anatolia met. In the two annualperiod between 1714 and 1715, is tried to recognize the usability of cityrestitution works and discover the mysterious remaining by traveling todistricts of Konya with the help of done solution in the light of relativeparameter acquired by primitive recourses using analyzer typologyrelated to houses that are in the documentation houses sales Konyanumeber 45 Seriye Registry NoteBook. In this article,is brought up toappear the sample of synthesis in oder to come together the historiansof architecture and the specialist of restutition. Tarihsel araştırmalar genellikle, geçmiş dönemlerin gündelik hayat yapıları ile ilgilenmek yerine, tarihsel dönüşüm eşiği olarak nitelenen bazı olayları incelemeyi tercih etmiştir. Çünkü tarihsel süreçte iz bırakıcı diye

    17. Kozmogoni Anlatılarında Dikotomik Algının Nedenselliği The Causality Of Dichotomic Perception In Cosmogony Narratives

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      Adem BALKAYA

      2012-12-01

      lkelden moderne kadar her insanın bu sorulara cevap bulmak veya etrafında olup biteni anlamaya/açıklamaya yönelik gayretleri farklı anlatım ve inanmaları doğurmuştur. Varlığın ne, neden ve nasıl olduğuna dair felsefi tartışmalar bir yana bırakılırsa sosyologlar din denen olguyu, arkaik insanın bu problematiğe bulduğu sağlam bir dayanak olarak açıklarlar. Bunun yanında neredeyse din hüviyetine dönen kimi yaratım anlatmaları da doğmuştur ki halkbilimin uğraşı alanına girerler. Kozmogoniler işte bu ilk olanın nasıl olduğunu izaha kalkan insanın tecrübeleridir. Bu anlatılar dikkatle irdelendiğinde kimi ortaklıklara tesadüf edilmektedir. Ortaklıklardan biri de anlatıların dikotomik bir temellendirme ile sunulmuş olmalarıdır. Zira anlatımı zıt veya zıt görünen iki şey üzerinden kurmak anlatıya kimi ilginç özellikler kazandırmaktadır. Hatta dikkatle incelendiğinde bu türden temellendirmenin bir ihtiyaç dahilinde yapıldığı da anlaşılmaktadır. Bir varlığı izah etmede, ona belirli bir sınırlama getirmede veya onu başka açılardan tamamlamada bir diğer şeye müracaat edilir. Kozmogonilerin de dünyayı, doğayı veya varlığı açıklama ve mantıklı sebepler bulma olan asıl misyonları da bu yolla gerçeklemiş olur. Bu çalışmada kozmogoni anlatılarında bu temellendirmelerden örnek teşkil etmesi amacıyla –bütün kozmogonilerin işlenmesi çalışmanın kapsamını aşacağından- bir kaçı üzerinde durulacak ve anlatılarda neden bir dikotomik temellendirilmeğe gidildiği tartışılacaktır.

    18. Tevfik Fikret’in Özgürlük Yolundaki “İzler”i “İzler” of Tevfik Fikret in the Wake of Freedom

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      Mutlu DEVECİ

      2012-09-01

      çıkar. İzleksel açıdan toplumsal olanı dışladığı şiirlerinde kendini onlardan ayrı hisseden şair, yalnızlık ve tekbaşınalığın getirdiği özgürlük sayesinde yaşama tutunur. “İzler” şiiri de bu izlek etrafında kurgulanmış bir varoluş şiiridir. Öznenin özgürlük yolunda, yalnız ve tekbaşına olduğunu dile getirdiği bu şiirde, kendi kendisiyle yüzleşen insanın ruh durumu anlatılır. Ontolojik bir sorun olan yalnızlık, yabancılaşma bağlamında bireysel ve toplumsal kaynaklı iletişimsizlik yaratır. Dönemin siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik şartlarının şekillendirdiği şair, karakter ve yetişme tarzının da etkisi ile kendisini iletişimsizlikler içerisinde yalnız ve tekbaşına olarak hisseder. “İzler”de, olumsuz bir yalnızlığın koyu karanlığında yitip gitmeyerek kendine dönen şair, dünyadaki varlığı ile yüzleşir ve tekbaşınalığını bir güç olarak algılar. Şiirde, Varoluşçu felsefecilerin özgürlük anlayışına benzer bir anlayışla kendine, dünyaya ve çevresine bakan Tevfik Fikret, dış dünyayla ilişkiye girememenin bunaltısını yaşarken anlam arayışına yönelik eylemleri ile diğerlerinden farklı olduğunu hisseder. Servet-i Fünun kuşağının dünya ile en çok çatışma yaşayan şairi olan Tevfik Fikret, bu şiiri ile varoluşsal problemlerinden kurtulmak için içsel bir yolculuğa çıkarak kendisiyle yüzleşen ve bırakılmışlık bunaltısının sağaltım sürecini başlatan öznenin ruh halini yansıtır.

    19. San Remo Konferansı’nda İngiltere’nin Ermeni Politikası (18-26 Nisan 1920 Britain’s Armenian Policy on San Remo Conference (18-26 April 1920

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      Evren KÜÇÜK

      2012-09-01

      Ahoranian Osmanlı Devleti’nden toprak talebinde bulunmaya devam etmişlerdir. Bu taleplerin gerçekleşmesi için Ermeni varlığını koruyacak, geliştirecek ve finanse edecek bir gücün mandaterliğine ihtiyaç vardı. Bu durum konferans esnasında İngiltere’nin de diplomatik manevralar gerçekleştirmesine yol açmıştır. Özellikle İngiltere için Mezopotamya bölgesi önemli olduğundan Anadolu’daki mandaterlik görevi ABD’ye bırakılmaya çalışılmıştır. ABD’nin bu teklifi kabul etmemesi durumunda ise Türk-Ermeni sınırının ABD Başkanı Wilson hakemliğinde çözülmesi öngörülmüştür. San Remo’da bulunan diğer devlet başkanları ise Ermenistan mandaterliğini alma sorumluluğundan rahatsızlık duyup ne mali ne de askeri yardımda bulunamayacaklarını açık bir dille ifade etmişlerdir. Demografik bakımdan sağlam gerekçelere dayanmayan ve uygulanabilirlik ilkesine ters düşen bu taleplerin Mustafa Kemal Paşa önderliğindeki hareket tarafından kabul edilmesi beklenemezdi. Ayrıca Doğu Cephesi’nde elde edilen askeri zaferler, İngiltere’nin Ermenistan politikasının iflasına neden olduğu gibi ABD Başkanı Wilson’un da Sevr Antlaşması’nın 89. maddesine atfen hazırladığı Türk-Ermeni sınırı hakkındaki 22 Kasım 1920 tarihli raporunu da devre dışı bırakmıştır. Varolmak için verilen bu savaş, sonunda, İtilâf blokunun tamamen parçalanıp Fransa ve İtalya’nın milli mücadele hareketine destek vermesiyle sonuçlandığı gibi hem Lloyd George hükümetinin hem de Osmanlı imparatorluk sisteminin sonunu getirmiştir.

    20. Öğretmen Adaylarının Yabancı Dil Kavramına İlişkin Metaforik Algıları Metaphorical Perceptions Of Prospective Teachers Regarding Foreign Language

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      Mehmet Nuri GÖMLEKSİZ

      2013-09-01

      ürecinin yanı sıra, dil öğrenmeye ilişkin tutum ve algıların da önemli bir yeri bulunmaktadır. Bireyin yabancı dil öğrenmeye yönelik tutum ve algılarının olumlu olması yabancı dil öğrenme sürecini olumlu yönde etkileyebildiği gibi olumsuz tutum ve algılar da öğrenme sürecini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı öğretmen adaylarının yabancı dile ilişkin algılarını metaforlar yoluyla belirlemektir. Çalışma 2012-2013 eğitim ö��retim yılında Fırat Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören öğretmen adayları üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmaya katılmada gönüllülük dikkate alınmıştır. Araştırma kapsamına 289’u kadın 253’ü de erkek olmak üzere toplam 542 öğretmen adayı alınmıştır. Veriler “Yabancı dil……e/a benzer; çünkü…………….” biçiminde eksik bırakılmış bir cümlenin bulunduğu formlarla toplanmıştır. Metafor formları katılımcılara sınıflarında elden dağıtılmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarından akıllarına gelen ilk metaforu yazmaları istenmiştir. Metafor formunu tamamladıktan sonra yabancı dile ilişkin geliştirdikleri metaforun gerekçesini yazmaları istenmiştir. Bunun için bir ders saati kullanılmış ve formlar aynı yolla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda yabancı dil kavramına ilişkin 54 metaforun geliştirildiği sekiz ayrı kavramsal kategori elde edilmiştir. Bunlar; gelecek, gereklilik, güç, keyif, seyahat, ümitsizlik, zorlukile sömürgecilik biçiminde isimlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına bağlı olarak yabancı dil öğrenimi için çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmaktadır.

    1. Tanzimat Döneminde Kıbrıs Ticareti / Trade in Cyprus during the Tanzimat Period

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      Hasan Samani

      2017-09-01

      brıs’ta ticarî faaliyetleri konu edinmektedir.Tanzimat dönemi, sadece Osmanlı devletinin merkezi ve etkin bir idari mekanizma kurmak için bir çok yeni kurumun tesis edildiği bir dönem değil, buna paralel olarak Avrupa devletleriyle ticari ilişkilerde istikrarlı bir biçimde artış yaşandığı bir dönemdir de. Dolayısıyla bu idarî yeniden yapılanma süreci, artan ticarî faaliyetleri düzenleyip kolaylaştıracak yeni kurumlar ve mevzuatı da içermektedir. Dönemin bu dinamikleri Doğu Akdeniz ticaretinde önemli bir uğrak limanı konumunda bulunan Kıbrıs’ta da etkilerini hissettirmiştir. Bu bağlamda mevcut çalışmada Kıbrıs’ta ticarî faaliyetler çerçevesinde, ada ticaretine konu olan emtiânın neler olduğu, dışsatımda öne çıkan alıcı yabancı devletler ile bölge ülkelerinin hangileri olduğuincelenmiştir. Kıbrıs ticaretinde fââl olan yerli tüccar çalışmanın konu edindiği diğer bir başlık olmuştur. Son olarak Kıbrıs ticaretini artırmaya yönelik ıslahatlara değinilmiştir. Çalışma, Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi Bâb-ı Ali Belgeleri ile genel literatürden yararlanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak Kıbrısın ticaret hacmi dönem boyunca artış göstermiştir. Kıbrıs’ın dışsatımında şarap, harnup ve pamuk en önemli emtia olmuştur. Bazı emtiânın dışsatımı denetim altında tutulmuştur. Kıbrıs dış ticaretini büyük ölçüde elinde tutan tüccar gayrimüslimler olmuş, Müslüman tüccar ise ada dahilinde aktif olarak yabancı ve gayrimüslim tüccara mal tedarik eden kesimi oluşturmuştur. Tuzla (Larnaka ’da bir ticaret mahkemesinin kurulması, Lefkoşa-Tuzla şose yolunun yapımı ve tarihi Lefkoşa Panayırı’nın yeniden açılması Kıbrıs ticaretini canlandırmak için yapılan en önemli ıslahatlar olarak tespit edilmiştir.

    2. Kajian Metode dan Waktu Fermentasi Cairan Pulpa pada Perubahan Karakteristik Cuka Kakao

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      G.P. Ganda Putra

      2017-03-01

      fermentation time and their interaction on the 2 stages  fermentation method by the treatment of the alcohol addition and  fermentation time, their interaction on the 1 stage  fermentation method, and by the treatment of fermentation time  on the natural fermentation method, and (2 the cocoa vinegar  with the highest content of acetic acid was produced on the 2  stages fermentation method by the addition of 6 % sugar within  25 days (2.35 %, on the 1 stage fermentation method by the   ddition of 10 % alcohol within 20 days (3.37 %, and on the  natural fermentation method within 15 days (2.65 %,  respectively. Our result showed that the 1 stage fermentation  method with the addition of 10 % alcohol using inoculum of  Acetobacter aceti within 20 days is the most optimal further  fermentation method for the production of cocoa vinegar. ABSTRAK Cairan pulpa hasil samping fermentasi biji kakao berpotensi  sebagai bahan baku pembuatan cuka kakao, tetapi kadar asam asetat yang dihasilkan relatif rendah. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan  upaya peningkatan kadar asam asetat antara lain dengan melakukan beberapa metode fermentasi lanjutan dengan variasi penambahan sumber karbon (gula dan alkohol dan lama fermentasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1 mengkaji pengaruh  penambahan gula, alkohol dan lama fermentasi pada metode  fermentasi lanjutan yang berbeda terhadap karakteristik cuka  kakao dan (2 menetapkan metode fermentasi lanjutan dan  lama fermentasi yang optimal untuk produksi cuka kakao dengan kadar asam asetat tertinggi. Metode fermentasi lanjutan yang  dilakukan terdiri dari 3 metode yaitu: fermentasi alkohol dan  asam asetat (2 tahap, fermentasi asam asetat (1 tahap, dan  fermentasi tanpa inokulum (alami. Rancangan percobaan pada  penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK  faktorial 2 faktor pada metode fermentasi 2 tahap dan 1 tahap, serta RAK faktor tunggal pada fermentasi alami. Faktor I pada  metode fermentasi 2 tahap yang menggunakan

    3. Postmodern Roman’da Anlatıcı, Zaman ve Mekân Yapısı Narrator, Time and Space Structure of Postmodern Novel

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      Gamze ÖZOT

      2012-09-01

      are given to reader and it is -expected from the reader to create rest of it in the mind. The space socalled“hyper space” by postmodernists is variable in postmodernnovels; it can not demonstrate a clear stance. Metinlerarasılık ve üstkurmaca tekniklerinin sıkça kullanıldığı, modern romanlardakinin aksine özneye değil de söylemin kendisine odaklanan, tarihi gerçeklerle kurguyu iç içe vererek tarihten yararlanan postmodern roman sıra dışı kurgusuyla dikkatleri üzerine çekmeyi başarır. Postmodern romanda anlatıcı, mekân ve zaman yapıları modern roman ve yansıtmacı romana göre ilginç farklılıklar gösterir. Postmodern romanın yazarı çoğul anlatıcı tekniğiyle okuru şaşırtırken, “hyper mekân” yapısının değişkenliği ve bir arada verilmiş farklı zaman dilimlerinin yapısıyla okuyucuyu alışık olmadığı bir âlemin içinde tek başına bırakır. Postmodern romanda anlatıcı oldukça etkin bir rol üstlenir. Figüratif kadronun önemli bir elemanı olabileceği gibi kurgunun yazılım aşamasına müdahale etmesi de söz konusudur. Sık sık fikir beyan eder ve adeta romanı yönlendirir. Postmodern romanın anlatıcısı bu yönüyle okuyucuyu peşinden sürükler, meraklandırır ve kimi zaman da gülümsetir. Postmodern romanlarda çizgisel, kronolojik zaman kullanımının çoğunlukla kırılmaya çalışıldığı gözlemlenir. “Şimdi”nin, anında aktarmanın belirgin bir şekilde öne çıktığı postmodern romanlarda zaman klasik ve modern tarzdaki romanlara oranla önemsizleştirilmiştir. Zamana ait birimler, yani nesnel zaman -gün, ay, yıl...- postmodern romanlarda ya karmaşıklaştırılır ya kronolojisi altüst edilerek kullanılır ya da üstü örtük, belirsiz bir şekilde verilir. Bununla birlikte postmodern romanda, metnin yazılış zamanı ile kurgunun zamanı koşut kılınabilir. Daha somut bir ifadeyle metnin yazılma süreci, okuyucunun o anda elinde tuttuğu romanın ana

    4. Study on the Localization of Iodine in the Stomach; Etude de la Localisation de l'Iode dans l'Estomac; Izuchenie lokalizatsii joda v zheludke; Estudio de la Localizacion del Yodo en el Estomago

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      Clode, W. H.; Perez Fernandez, M. A.; Baptista, A. M. [Comissao de Estudos de Energia Nuclear do Instituto de Alta Cultura, Lisbon (Portugal); Simao Rodrigues, M.; Murteira, M. A. [Instituto Portugues de Oncologia, Lisbon (Portugal)

      1964-10-15

      koncentracii radioaktivnyh izotopov predpolagaet sushhestvovanie bolee chem odnogo mehanizma vydelenija joda. Jeti nabljudenija podtverzhdajut vyvody drugih issledovatelej, ispol'zovavshih razlichnye metody. Skennirovanie cherez 24 chasa posle vvedenija joda-131 pozvoljaet obnaruzhit' rak zheludka u bol'shinstva obsledovannyh bol'nyh, stradajushhih jetoj bolezn'ju. Jeti rezul'taty ob{sup j}asnjajutsja ne tol'ko koncentraciej joda kletkami opuholi, no takzhe i nekotoroj zaderzhkoj joda v stenkah zheludka. V bol'shinstve sluchaev koncentracija radioaktivnogo joda v opuholi byla ne vyshe, chem v uchastkah slizistoj obolochki, gde nabljudaetsja povyshennoe pogloshhenie joda. (author)

    5. THE GHOST OF THE HOUSE OF SILENCE: A DEFICIENT ENLIGHTENMENT PROJECT SESSİZ EV’İN HAYALETİ: GÜDÜK BİR AYDINLANMA PROJESİ

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      Seyit Battal UĞURLU

      2009-12-01

      criticism about the Turkish cultural history’s positivist thinking line, by means of the mentioned novel, problematizes the relationship between the intellectuals and the society. In this article, by focusing on Selahattin Darvınoğlu character’s intellectual profile who elapses from the Constitutional Monarchy to early Republican Period, in the novel The House of Silence; an analytical analysis is done about encyclopedia, positivism, social engineering and their socio-cultural consequences. Orhan Pamuk’un (d.1954 ikinci romanı Sessiz Ev’de (1983 anlatılan üç kuşaktan ilkinde yer alan Doktor Selahattin Darvınoğlu, Tanzimat döneminde Türk kültür ve düşünce tarihine giren pozitivist düşünceyi temsil eden, aşırı uçlarda gezinen ansiklopedist ve atipik bir aydındır. Eşi Fatma Hanım’ın anılarıyla aktarılan Darvınoğlu, gün yüzüne çıkamayan bir ansiklopedi projesi aracılığıyla, toplum mühendisliği rolünü üstlenmiş ancak bu hedefinde başarısızlığa uğramışlığıyla, Meşrutiyet ve erken Cumhuriyet dönemi pozitivist Türk aydınının bir damarını da temsil eder. Doktor Selahattin’den kalan miras da, kendini adadığı işin kısırlığını vurgulayan sembolik anlamla yüklü öğeler üzerinden açımlanır: Yaşamının son dönemlerini yaşamakta olan karısı, Selahattin’in bilimci baskısına ve ihanetine maruz kalmış, evliliğini yaşayamamıştır. Hizmetçisiyle ilişkisinden doğan iki oğlu, karısı tarafından sakat bırakılmış ve romanın anlatı zamanında bedensel açıdan yetersiz, dolayısıyla idealini sürdürme ehliyetine haiz olmayan ve nesep açısından da sorunlu iki evlattır. 12 Eylül dönemine denk düşen ve karşıt uçlar arasındaki çatışmaların sürdüğü karmaşa ortamını anlatan romanda, Selahattin Bey’in torunlarının, eşi Fatma Hanım’ın yaşadığı kasabada geçen bir haftalık zamanı anlatılmaktadır. Pamuk’un politik ve kültürel ya

    6. Dergilerden Özetler

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      Zeki Kır

      2006-04-01

      ın kimliği tespit edilmiştir. Çürümüş vakalarda soyulan el ya da parmak derilerinin eldiven tarzında kullanılmasıyla elde edilecek parmak izleri, kimlik tespiti için kullanışlı sonuçlar doğuracaktır. SAF ALKOL ZEHİRLENMESİNE BAĞLI ÖLÜM OLGUSU Forensic Sei Int. 2005;10;149(2-3:243-7 A fatal case of pure ethanol ingestion Hieda Y, Takeshita H, Fujihara J, Takayama K Yetişkin bir erkek üzerinde dehidrate alkol (>%99 yazısı bulunan 2 adet boş şişe (500ml?2 ile bir araba içerinde ölü olarak bulunmuştur. Otopside şiddetli hemoroji ve pankreatik nekroz görülmüştür. Kanda ve idrar yüksek miktarda (8,12 mg/ml ve 8,14 mg/ml alkol saptanmıştır. Ani ölüm yaklaşık 1 litre dehidrate alkol alındıktan sonra alkol zehirlenmesi sonucu gerçekleşmiştir. TAYLAND TUSUNAMİSİNDE ADLİ TIP DOKTORLARININ ROLÜ: CHULALONGKORN TIP FAKÜLTESİNİN DENEYİMLERİ J Med Assoc Thai, 2005;88:Suppl 4:335-8 Role of forensic doctors in Thailand's tsunami: experiences from Chulalongkorn Medical School. Sirisup N, Kanluen S. Tayland’daki tusunami felaketinde adli tıp doktorlarının en önemli problemi ölenlerin kimliklerini belirlemek olmuştur. Kimlik belirleme işlemi; ölen kişinin yakınlarınca tanınması, diş kayıtları, parmak izi ve DNA analizi çalışmalarına dayanılarak yapıldı. Yapılan kimlik analizleri esnasında DNA analizi ve parmak izi yöntemlerinden sonra en etkili faktörün diş kayıtları olduğu görüldü. Çalışmalarımız esnasında felaket kim-liklendirme birimlerinin eldeki problemleri gözden geçirip gelecek için plan yapmalarının önemli olduğu kanaatine varıldı. GENÇLERDEKİ ANİ ÖLÜMLER Heart Rhythm. 2005;2(12:1277-82 Sudden death in the young Puranik R, Chow CK, Duflou JA, Kilborn MJ, McGuire MA. Genç insanlardaki ani ölümler seyrek rastlanmakla beraber toplumda derin izler bırakırlar. Çalışmamızdaki amaç 5-35 yaş arası ani ölüm vakalarında ölüm sebeplerini araştırmaktır. 1995

    7. Tüketim Dinamikleri Ölçeği: Kurumsal Din Eğitimi Almış Bireylerde Tüketim Eğilimleri

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      Abdullah İnce

      2018-06-01

      tespit etmek ve ne yönde değiştiğini ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla “Tüketim Dinamikleri Ölçeği” (TDÖ geliştirilmiştir. Ölçekler araştırmacıların, bireylerin herhangi bir konu hakkında ne hissettiğini ya da düşündüğünü ölçmeyi hedeflediği durumlarda sıklıkla kullanılır. Sosyal bilimlerde yer alan farklı ölçekler mevcuttur. Thurstone, Likert, Guttman ve Bogardus’un ölçekleri yaygın olarak kullanılan ölçekler arasındadır. Bu çalışmada amaç ve kapsam doğrultusunda Likert tipi ölçek hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmada birinci pilot uygulama sürecinde 5’li Likert tipi ölçek, ikinci pilot uygulama ve veri toplama sürecinde 10’lu Likert tipi ölçek kullanılmıştır. Literatürde bireylerin kurumsal din eğitimi almış tüketim eğilimlerinin altında yatan dinamikleri ortaya çıkarmak için yapılan bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Çalışmada nicel araştırma yaklaşımı benimsenmiş ve yüz yüze anket tekniğiyle veriler toplanmıştır. Ölçek geliştirme çalışması 2016 yılı Ağustos ayından başlayarak yaklaşık altı aylık bir süre almıştır. Bu kapsamda %3 hata payı ile 516 kişiye ulaşılması yeterlidir ancak 600 kişiye anket uygulanmış, geçersiz anketler araştırma dışında bırakılarak örneklem sayısı 563 olmuştur. Örnekleme dâhil olan bireyler kota örnekleme ile seçilmiştir. Bu çalışmada literatür taraması, uzman görüşüne başvurma, akademisyenlerle yapılan beyin fırtınası ve gözlemlerimiz sonucunda bir ifade havuzu oluşturulmuştur. İlk aşamada 93 maddelik soru havuzu değerlendirme sonrasında 49 maddeye indirilmiş, daha sonra bazı sorular birleştirilmiş ve yakın anlama gelen sorular çıkarılarak soru formu 30 madde ile pilot uygulamaya hazır hale getirilmiştir. Çalışmada iki pilot uygulama gerçekleştirilmesi uygun görülmüştür. Birinci pilot uygulama kapsamında 47 kişiye ulaşılmış ve 30 soruluk 5’li Likert tipi anket

    8. 6th International Symposium on Molecular Allergology (ISMA

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      Christiane Hilger

      2016-10-01

      -patient quantification of allergen-specific IgE Petra Zavadakova, Aurélie Buchwalder, Fabien Rebeaud, Iwan Märki Symposium 4: Relevance of molecular diagnostics for intervention and treatment O7 Longitudinal analysis of Bet v 1-specific epitope repertoires during birch pollen immunotherapy Barbara Gepp, Nina Lengger, Christian Möbs, Wolfgang Pfützner, Christian Radauer, Barbara Bohle O8 A natural CCD-free tool: is polistes sp. venom suitable for polybia paulista diagnosis and therapy? Karine Marafigo De Amicis, Alexandra Sayuri Watanabe, Clovis Eduardo Galvao, Daniele Danella Figo, Jose Roberto Aparecido Santos-Pinto, Mario Sergio Palma, Fabio Fernandes Morato Castro, Jorge Kalil, Fatima Ferreira, Gabriele Gadermaier, Keity Souza Santos Symposium 5: The advent of molecular allergology in epidemiology O9 Peanut oleosins: from identification to diagnostic testing Christian Schwager, Skadi Kull, Frauke Schocker, Jochen Behrends, Wolf-Meinhard Becker, Uta Jappe O10 Endotypes of oral allergy syndrome in childhood: a molecular diagnostic approach Carla Mastrorilli, Salvatore Tripodi, Carlo Caffarelli, Riccardo Asero, Arianna Dondi, Giampaolo Ricci, Carlotta Povesi Dascola, Elisabetta Calamelli, Andrea Di Rienzo Businco, Annamaria Bianchi, Tullio Frediani, Carmen Verga, Iride Dello Iacono, Diego Peroni, Giuseppe Pingitore, Roberto Bernardini, Paolo Maria Matricardi Symposium 6: Molecular AIT: which approaches will make it to market? O11 Mbc4: an innovative molecule to tackle birch pollen and concomitant food allergies Heidi Hofer, Claudia Asam, Michael Hauser, Peter Briza, Martin Himly, Christof Ebner, Fatima Ferreira O12 Challenges and solutions associated with the production of recombinant Bet v 1 allergen as a therapeutic protein Emmanuel Nony, Maxime Le Mignon, Pierrick Lemoine, Karine Jain, Kathy Abiteboul, Monica Arvidsson, Sabina Rak, Philippe Moingeon Clinical Cases: Breakthroughs and headaches from CRD: interactive session CC1 Anaphylaxis caused by lipid transfer proteins: a

    9. Kongre İzlenimleri

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      Adli Tıp Uzmanları Derneği ATUD

      1996-10-01

      şmalar yaptılar. Bu konuşmaların ardından açılış kokteyline geçildi. Toplantının devam eden günlerinde Çeçenya ve eski Yugoslavya'da Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, transplantasyon, rektal kanama, meme kanseri, açık geçişli en- doskopi, sigara bırakma yöntemleri, sağlıklı diet, egzersiz, akut astma, kolonun adenömatöz polipleri, inguinal herni onarımı, infertilite araştırılması, subarak- noidal kanamalar, insan hakları ve sağlık harcamaları konularında konuşmalar yapıldı. Türk konuşmacılarda sırası ile İ.Ü.İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Cerrahisi Kliniğinden Prof.Dr.Tansu SALMAN "Bosnada ne öğrendik" ve "Şiddet kurbanlarına yardımda hekim rolü" başlıklarında iki, M.Ü.Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Kliniğinden Prof.Dr.Elif DAĞLI "Sigara bırakmada doktor reçetesi", İ.Ü.Çocuk Sağlığı Enstitüsünden Prof.Dr.Gülbin GÖKÇAY "Sağlıklı diet", İ.Ü.İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Kliniğinden Prof.Dr.Şahika YÜKSEL "İşkenceden sağ kalanlarda çalışma: Türkiye Deneyimi", Türk Tabipleri Birliği Başkanı Dr.Füsun SAYEK ise"Türkiye'deki tıp eğitimi ve meslek uygulamaları" konularında birer konuşma sundular. Toplantı kapsamında sigara bırakma, sağlıklı diet, egzersiz, hastanede tıp eğitimi ve aile hekimi eğitimi konularında çalışma gruplan oluşturuldu. Katılımın Türk katılımcılara 10 Pound olduğu toplantının ilk günü ve 3.4.günlerde öğleden sonralarının serbest bırakılması yabancı konukların güzel şehrimizi gezip görebilmelerini sağladı. 2.10.1996 Çarşaba akşamı kapanış partisi ile son bulan toplantının düzenleyicileri 1997 yılı toplan- tıısının 13-17 Ekim tarihleri arasında San Fransisco'da yapılacağını ve tüm katılımcıları oraya da beklediklerini belirttiler. Dr.Nevzat ALKAN, İ.Ü.İstanbul Tıp Fak. Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul. II.\tHalk Sağlığı Güz Okulu Programı (İnsan Hakları, Tıbbi Etik ve Halk Sağlığı, 5-9 Ekim

    10. Dergilerden Özetler

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      Şebnem Korur Fincancı

      1999-04-01

      02 asfiksisinde akciğerlerde lokal kanamalar görüldü. Oksijensiz asfikside hızla bilinç kaybı, solunum ve kalp durması gelişmektedir. Bu yazı asfiksi olgularında ölüm nedeni ve kazanın oluş şeklinin belirlenmesi için değerli bulguları sunmaktadır. ALTI ADLİ ENTOMOLOJİ OLGUSU: TANIM VE YORUM Six forensic entomology cases: description and commentary. Benecke M. J Forensic Sci 1998 Jul;43(4:797-805. Hata listesi J Forensic Sci 1998 Nov;43(6:1303 da yayınlanmıştır. Böceklerin postmortem intervalin (PMI belirlenmesinde yararlı olduğu bilinmektedir. Larva gelişiminin izlenmesi de dahil bir çok adli entomoloji tekniği kullanılarak PMI belirlenmesi dışında pek çok adli tıp ve hijyen sorisu da yanıtlanabilmektedir. Olgu l’de kokuşmuş bir cesetten calliphorae cinsi bir sinek larvasının nasıl düşüp saklandığı ve 3 ay sonunda dezenfeksiyon ve yenilenmenin ardından nasıl pupadan çıktığı anlatılmaktadır. İkinci olguda, eroin kullanıcısı çürümüş bir cesedin entomolojik durumu tanımlanmıştır. Olgu 3 kısmen mumyaiaşmış bir kadın cesedinin kafatası içinde bulunan tek bir erişkin Protophormia terranovae ile ilgilidir. Olgu 4 5 günlük bir cesette bulunan Muscina stabulans pupası içinde saptanan Serratia marcescens bakterisini bildirmektedir. Olgu 5’te, bir eroin kullanıcısının cesedi üzerinde bulunan calliphorae cinsi sinek yumurtaları dairesinde öldükten sonra gece cesedin sokağa bırakıldığının göstergesi olarak yorumlanmıştır. Olgu 6 bulunan bir Parasarcophaga argyrostoma ile ilgilidir ve Cologne’da bir cesedin en azından bir süre dışarıda kaldığını gösteren bir örnek olabileceği belirtilmektedir. İNSAN CİLT YARALARINDA P53 PROTEİNİNDE ZAMANA BAĞLI DEĞİŞİKLİK - KANTİTATİF İMMÜNOHİSTOKİMYASAL ANALİZ The time-related expression of p53 protein in human skin wounds-a quantitative immunohisto- chemical analysis. Hausmamı R, Nerlich A, Betz P. Int J

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