Books and Game-Review: Metro 2033 und Metro 2034 - von Dmitry Glukhovsky

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Karl H. Stingeder

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Karl H. Stingeder rezensiert die beiden postapokalyptischen Romane Metro 2033 und Metro 2034 von Dmitry Glukhovsky, die auch in einer Spielversion auf den Markt gebracht wurden. Ein typischer Fall für unseren stellaren Spielexperten, der uns in die multimediale Welt der Science Fiction entführt.

El gran impacto del Metro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

LOUIS DE GRANGE C

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Las grandes ciudades del mundo que han resuelto su problema de transporte público lo han logrado principalmente a la luz de las siguientes dos políticas públicas: una expansión significativa de la red de Metro y trenes urbanos, y una firme regulación en el uso del automóvil. La evidencia empírica a nivel mundial ha permitido constatar que la expansión de redes de Metro genera una reducción mucho más efectiva en el uso del transporte privado que otras medidas como por ejemplo subsidiar la tarifa del transporte público. Adicionalmente, la existencia de una importante red de Metro o trenes urbanos permite aumentar notablemente la efectividad de políticas regulatorias al uso del automóvil, como tarificación vial y gravámenes específicos, entre otras, ya que los automovilistas habituales sí ven en el Metro una alternativa real de transporte, no así en los servicios de buses.Large cities around the world that have successfully addressed their public transport problems have made it mainly through the folio wing two public policies: a significant expansion of the Metro or urban train networks, and a tight regulation of the use of automobiles. Empirical evidence worldwide shows that the expansion of the Metro network produces a much more effective reduction in the use of private transport than alternative policies as for instance subsidizing the tariff of public transport. Besides, the existence of an important Metro or urban train network enlarges the effectiveness of other regulatory policies to the use of automobile, as road pricing and specific taxes, since the users of automobiles see in Metro a reasonable alternative of transport, which is not the case for buses.

PEMETAAN POTENSI BIOGAS DI KOTA METRO

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Riswanto Riswanto

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Metro City is a developing city that attracts many new citizens to come and live in the city of Metro. It affects the density and population growth in the city of Metro so it boils down to the increasing need for energy for fuel such as gas and electricity needs. UU No. 33 of 2007 the government seeks to optimize the role of PEMDA and communities and academics to be able to take advantage of the various potential that may be developed in their respective city in meeting energy needs. The survey results show the picture that the city of Metro has potential in the utilization of biogas energy. The availability of this organic material is quite common in Metro city. But the availability of the material has not been classified in number and variety. For that, we need to do research in mapping biogas potential in every area in Metro city. The research method used is the method of documentation, observation, and interview. As for data analysis techniques, conducted qualitatively and quantitatively through the findings of observations in the form of descriptions, calculation analysis, and tabulation. The results obtained show that the North Metro sub-district has the highest potential for biogas development. The most common materials are animal waste derived from cow dung as much as 84% and biogas from plants that are from rice straw (54% and Tahu/tempe processing waste (38%. Other organic ingredients found are chicken, goat, buffalo, and banana peels. This result shows that the biogas potency of Metro City is best developed that is through the use of cow dung

Study on construction technology of metro tunnel under a glass curtain wall

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Jian; Yu, Deqiang

2018-03-01

To ensure the safety of the glass curtain wall building above loess tunnel and get an optimal scheme, an elastic-plastic FEM model is established to simulate three reinforcement schemes based on a tunnel section in Xi’an Metro Line 3. The results show that the settlement value of the optimal scheme is reduced by 69.89% compared with the drainage measures, and the uneven settlement value is reduced by 57.5%. The construction points, technical processes and technical indexes of the optimal scheme are introduced. According to the actual project, the cumulative settlement of the building under construction is 16mm, which meets the control standards. According to the actual project, the cumulative settlement of the glass curtain wall building is 16mm, which meets the control standards. The reinforcement scheme can provide some reference for the design and construction of the metro in loess area.

Complex Network Analysis of Guangzhou Metro

OpenAIRE

Yasir Tariq Mohmand; Fahad Mehmood; Fahd Amjad; Nedim Makarevic

2015-01-01

The structure and properties of public transportation networks can provide suggestions for urban planning and public policies. This study contributes a complex network analysis of the Guangzhou metro. The metro network has 236 kilometers of track and is the 6th busiest metro system of the world. In this paper topological properties of the network are explored. We observed that the network displays small world properties and is assortative in nature. The network possesses a high average degree...

Seismic site survey investigations in urban environments: The case of the underground metro project in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Science.gov (United States)

Martínez, K.; Mendoza, J. A.; Colberg-Larsen, J.; Ploug, C.

2009-05-01

Near surface geophysics applications are gaining more widespread use in geotechnical and engineering projects. The development of data acquisition, processing tools and interpretation methods have optimized survey time, reduced logistics costs and increase results reliability of seismic surveys during the last decades. However, the use of wide-scale geophysical methods under urban environments continues to face great challenges due to multiple noise sources and obstacles inherent to cities. A seismic pre-investigation was conducted to investigate the feasibility of using seismic methods to obtain information about the subsurface layer locations and media properties in Copenhagen. Such information is needed for hydrological, geotechnical and groundwater modeling related to the Cityringen underground metro project. The pre-investigation objectives were to validate methods in an urban environment and optimize field survey procedures, processing and interpretation methods in urban settings in the event of further seismic investigations. The geological setting at the survey site is characterized by several interlaced layers of clay, till and sand. These layers are found unevenly distributed throughout the city and present varying thickness, overlaying several different unit types of limestone at shallow depths. Specific results objectives were to map the bedrock surface, ascertain a structural geological framework and investigate bedrock media properties relevant to the construction design. The seismic test consisted of a combined seismic reflection and refraction analyses of a profile line conducted along an approximately 1400 m section in the northern part of Copenhagen, along the projected metro city line. The data acquisition was carried out using a 192 channels array, receiver groups with 5 m spacing and a Vibroseis as a source at 10 m spacing. Complementarily, six vertical seismic profiles (VSP) were performed at boreholes located along the line. The reflection

Metro Navigation for the Blind

Science.gov (United States)

Sanchez, Jaime; Saenz, Mauricio

2010-01-01

This study evaluates the impact of using the software program AudioMetro, a tool that supports the orientation and mobility of people who are blind in the Metro system of Santiago de Chile. A quasi-experimental study considering experimental and control groups and using the paired Student's t in a two sample test analysis (pretest-posttest) was…

Quantifying the robustness of metro networks

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wang, X.; Koç, Y.; Derrible, S.; Nasir Ahmad, Sk.; Kooij, R.E.

2015-01-01

Metros (heavy rail transit systems) are integral parts of urban transportation systems. Failures in their operations can have serious impacts on urban mobility, and measuring their robustness is therefore critical. Moreover, as physical networks, metros can be viewed as network topological entities,

Comparison analysis on vulnerability of metro networks based on complex network

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Jianhua; Wang, Shuliang; Wang, Xiaoyuan

2018-04-01

This paper analyzes the networked characteristics of three metro networks, and two malicious attacks are employed to investigate the vulnerability of metro networks based on connectivity vulnerability and functionality vulnerability. Meanwhile, the networked characteristics and vulnerability of three metro networks are compared with each other. The results show that Shanghai metro network has the largest transport capacity, Beijing metro network has the best local connectivity and Guangzhou metro network has the best global connectivity, moreover Beijing metro network has the best homogeneous degree distribution. Furthermore, we find that metro networks are very vulnerable subjected to malicious attacks, and Guangzhou metro network has the best topological structure and reliability among three metro networks. The results indicate that the proposed methodology is feasible and effective to investigate the vulnerability and to explore better topological structure of metro networks.

Additives for reducing the toxicity of respirable crystalline silica. SILIFE project

Science.gov (United States)

Monfort, Eliseo; López-Lilao, Ana; Escrig, Alberto; Jesus Ibáñez, Maria; Bonvicini, Guliana; Creutzenberg, Otto; Ziemann, Christina

2017-10-01

Prolonged inhalation of crystalline silica particles has long been known to cause lung inflammation and development of the granulomatous and a fibrogenic lung disease known as silicosis. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS) in the form of quartz and cristobalite from occupational sources as carcinogenic for humans (category 1). In this regard, numerous studies suggest that the toxicity of quartz is conditioned by the surface chemistry of the quartz particles and by the density and abundance of silanol groups. Blocking these groups to avoid their interaction with cellular membranes would theoretically be possible in order to reduce or even to eliminate the toxic effect. In this regard, the main contribution of the presented research is the development of detoxifying processes based on coating technologies at industrial scale, since the previous studies reported on literature were carried out at lab scale. The results obtained in two European projects showed that the wet method to obtain quartz surface coatings (SILICOAT project) allows a good efficiency in inhibiting the silica toxicity, and the preliminary results obtained in an ongoing project (SILIFE) suggest that the developed dry method to coat quartz surface is also very promising. The development of both coating technologies (wet and a dry) should allow these coating technologies to be applied to a high variety of industrial activities in which quartz is processed. For this reason, a lot of end-users of quartz powders will be potentially benefited from a reduced risk associated to the exposure to RCS.

Modeling metro users' travel behavior in Tehran: Frequency of Use

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Amir Reza Mamdoohi

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Transit-oriented development (TOD, as a sustainable supporting strategy, emphasizes the improvement of public transportation coverage and quality, land use density and diversity of around public transportation stations and priority of walking and cycling at station areas. Traffic, environmental and economic problems arising from high growth of personal car, inappropriate distribution of land use, and car-orientation of metropolitan area, necessitate adoption of TOD. In recent years, more researches on urban development and transportation have focused on this strategy. This research considering metro stations as base for development, aims to model metro users' travel behavior and decision-making procedures. In this regard, research question is: what are the parameters or factors affecting in the frequency of travel by metro in half-mile radius from stations. The radius was determine based on TOD definitions and 5 minute walking time to metro stations.  A questionnaire was designed in three sections that including travel features by metro, attitudes toward metro, economic and social characteristics of respondents. Ten stations were selected based on their geographic dispersion in Tehran and a sample of 450 respondents was determined. The questionnaires were surveyed face to face in (half-mile vicinity of metro stations. Based on a refined sample on 400 questionnaires ordered discrete choice models were considered. Results of descriptive statistics show that 38.5 percent of the sample used metro more than 4 times per week. Trip purpose for 45.7 percent of metro users is work. Access mode to the metro stations for nearly half of the users (47.6 percent is bus. Results of ordered logit models show a number of significant variables including: habit of using the metro, waiting time in station, trip purpose (working, shopping and recreation, personal car access mode to the metro station, walking access mode to the metro station and being a housewife.

Confiabilidade intra e interexaminadores e erro da medição no uso do goniômetro e inclinômetro digital

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Carolline Maciel dos Santos

2012-02-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A amplitude de movimento articular (ADM é um importante componente avaliado durante o exame físico; porém, para que essa mensuração possa ser utilizada, é necessário que ela seja confiável e que suas propriedades de medida sejam conhecidas. OBJETIVOS: Verificar a confiabilidade inter e intraexaminadores das medidas realizadas pelo goniômetro e inclinômetro na avaliação da ADM de flexão e extensão de joelho e cotovelo, e determinar o erro padrão da medição (EPM dos instrumentos em questão. MÉTODOS: Foi avaliada ADM de flexão e extensão de cotovelo e joelho, bilateralmente, de uma amostra de indivíduos jovens saudáveis do gênero masculino, com faixa etária entre 18 e 30 anos, utilizando um inclinômetro digital e um goniômetro universal. RESULTADOS: A confiabilidade interexaminador variou de pequena a muito alta para os dois instrumentos, apresentando CCI de 0,24 a 0,96 para as medidas feitas com o goniômetro, e de 0,02 a 0,98 para o inclinômetro. O único movimento que obteve confiabilidade muito alta para ambos os aparelhos e examinadores foi a flexão de joelho. O EPM determinado por meio da goniometria e inclinometria variou entre 0,21 e 12,75 graus. CONCLUSÃO: O inclinômetro digital apresenta melhores índices de confiabilidade que o goniômetro para as medidas de ADM. Apenas quatro medidas obtiveram CCI alto e EPM abaixo de dois graus, e, assim, foram consideradas apropriadas para serem utilizadas clinicamente, todas essas realizadas com o inclinômetro.

Air quality inside subway metro indoor environment worldwide: A review.

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Bin; Hao, Jinliang

2017-10-01

The air quality in the subway metro indoor microenvironment has been of particular public concern. With specific reference to the growing demand of green transportation and sustainable development, subway metro systems have been rapidly developed worldwide in last decades. The number of metro commuters has continuously increased over recent years in metropolitan cities. In some cities, metro system has become the primary public transportation mode. Although commuters typically spend only 30-40min in metros, the air pollutants emitted from various interior components of metro system as well as air pollutants carried by ventilation supply air are significant sources of harmful air pollutants that could lead to unhealthy human exposure. Commuters' exposure to various air pollutants in metro carriages may cause perceivable health risk as reported by many environmental health studies. This review summarizes significant findings in the literature on air quality inside metro indoor environment, including pollutant concentration levels, chemical species, related sources and health risk assessment. More than 160 relevant studies performed across over 20 countries were carefully reviewed. These comprised more than 2000 individual measurement trips. Particulate matters, aromatic hydrocarbons, carbonyls and airborne bacteria have been identified as the primary air pollutants inside metro system. On this basis, future work could focus on investigating the chronic health risks of exposure to various air pollutants other than PM, and/or further developing advanced air purification unit to improve metro in-station air quality. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measurement of ground and nearby building vibration and noise induced by trains in a metro depot.

Science.gov (United States)

Zou, Chao; Wang, Yimin; Wang, Peng; Guo, Jixing

2015-12-01

Metro depots are where subway trains are parked and where maintenance is carried out. They usually occupy the largest ground areas in metro projects. Due to land utilization problems, Chinese cities have begun to develop over-track buildings above metro depots for people's life and work. The frequently moving trains, when going into and out of metro depots, can cause excessive vibration and noise to over-track buildings and adversely affect the living quality of the building occupants. Considering the current need of reliable experimental data for the construction of metro depots, field measurements of vibration and noise on the ground and inside a nearby 3-story building subjected to moving subway trains were conducted in a metro depot at Guangzhou, China. The amplitudes and frequency contents of velocity levels were quantified and compared. The composite A-weighted equivalent sound levels and maximum sound levels were captured. The predicted models for vibration and noise of metro depot were proposed based on existing models and verified. It was found that the vertical vibrations were significantly greater than the horizontal vibrations on the ground and inside the building near the testing line. While at the throat area, the horizontal vibrations near the curved track were remarkably greater than the vertical vibrations. The attenuation of the vibrations with frequencies above 50 Hz was larger than the ones below 50 Hz, and the frequencies of vibration transmitting to adjacent buildings were mainly within 10-50 Hz. The largest equivalent sound level generated in the throat area was smaller than the testing line one, but the instantaneous maximum sound level induced by wheels squeal, contact between wheels and rail joints as well as turnout was close to or even greater than the testing line one. The predicted models gave a first estimation for design and assessment of newly built metro depots. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Prácticas de Física: Resistencia de un voltímetro

OpenAIRE

Beléndez, Augusto; Bernabeu, Guillermo; Vera Guarinos, Jenaro; Pastor Antón, Carlos; Martín García, Agapito

1988-01-01

El objetivo de esta práctica es determinar la resistencia interna de un voltímetro. Para ello se utilizan varias resistencias de valor conocido. El voltímetro es un aparato que sirve para medir la diferencia de potencial entre dos puntos de un circuito. Los voltímetros de aguja se basan en el mismo principio que el amperímetro de aguja, pues ambos se pueden construir mediante un galvanómetro de cuadro móvil, pero en el caso del voltímetro se monta en serie con el galvanómetro una resistencia ...

Characteristics and chemical compositions of particulate matter collected at the selected metro stations of Shanghai, China

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guo, Li; Hu, Yunjie; Hu, Qingqing [Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 (China); Lin, Jun [Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Techniques, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800 (China); Li, Chunlin; Chen, Jianmin [Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 (China); Li, Lina [Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Techniques, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800 (China); Fu, Hongbo [Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 (China)

2014-10-15

��chemical characteristics and toxicity, the speciation of Fe-containing metro particles is important in the context of public health and control measures. - Highlights: • Low PM{sub 2.5} and PM{sub 1} levels were observed in younger underground environment compared to the older aboveground environment. • TEM-EDS and XRD analyses revealed important aspects of mineralogy of metro dusts. • Iron distributions and species were firstly determined by STXM and XANES analyses.

Radon exposure of passengers in the Prague metro

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sabol, J.

1996-01-01

This paper summarises the results of radon concentration monitoring in the carriages and at some stations of the Prague Metro network. The measurements revealed that radon levels in the Metro are relatively low in comparison to those normally encountered in dwellings in the Prague region. On average, the radon concentrations in the air inside the carriages have been found to be about 11 - 12 Bq m -3 while the levels at most stations reached values between 10 and 15 Bq m -3 . The Metro is intensively ventilated by means of powerful blowers and fans; the piston effect of the moving trains also contributes to air exchange. The ventilation rate is typically 3-4 h -1 . The highest rate is in line C, where the air in all underground areas is completely exchanged 6 times within each hour. These results demonstrate that Metro passengers receive about the same effective dose as passengers using surface transport. The doses from radon in the metro are only slightly higher than radon-related doses in the open air, while exposure due to external photon radiation seems to be a few percent lower than dose rates common in typical Czech houses. (author)

Analisis Pendapatan dan Kesejahteraan Produsen Jamur Tiram di Kota Metro

OpenAIRE

Mitha, Silvya Dara; Haryono, Dwi; Rosanti, Novi

2015-01-01

The purposes of this research are to: (1) determine income oyster mushroom producer in Metro City, (2) determine welfare level of oyster mushroom producer in Metro City. This experiment was conducted in Metro City that was chosen by purposive in December 2013 until May 2014. It was considered that the Metro City has high enough in producing the oyster mushroom. This study takes 42 producers. This study used a census method with qualitative and quantitative analysis. Analysis of the data us...

Potential Influence of Metro on Bus: A Case Study

Science.gov (United States)

Selvakumar, M.; Abishek Reddy, M.; Sathish, V.; Venkatesh, R.

2018-06-01

A modal shift occurs when one mode of transport has a comparative advantage in a similar market over another. The present work concerns with the development of modal shift model for urban travel in Chennai, India. The modal shift model was calibrated using binary logit technique and validated using hold-out sample method. The validated model was used to predict the probability of shift in selected corridor. The recent introduction of metro rail in Chennai has lead to an increasing competition among public transport modes. To study the influence of metro on bus transport, a Stated Preference (SP) survey was conducted among express bus travellers. Using the SP survey data, a modal shift model was calibrated to estimate the plausible shift from bus to metro. Results indicate that variables like fare- difference, age, and income play an important role in the shift behaviour. When metro fare increases with respect to express bus fare, bus passengers are less willing to use metro and vice-versa.

Potential Influence of Metro on Bus: A Case Study

Science.gov (United States)

Selvakumar, M.; Abishek Reddy, M.; Sathish, V.; Venkatesh, R.

2018-03-01

A modal shift occurs when one mode of transport has a comparative advantage in a similar market over another. The present work concerns with the development of modal shift model for urban travel in Chennai, India. The modal shift model was calibrated using binary logit technique and validated using hold-out sample method. The validated model was used to predict the probability of shift in selected corridor. The recent introduction of metro rail in Chennai has lead to an increasing competition among public transport modes. To study the influence of metro on bus transport, a Stated Preference (SP) survey was conducted among express bus travellers. Using the SP survey data, a modal shift model was calibrated to estimate the plausible shift from bus to metro. Results indicate that variables like fare-difference, age, and income play an important role in the shift behaviour. When metro fare increases with respect to express bus fare, bus passengers are less willing to use metro and vice-versa.

In vitro efficacy of a novel chemoradiopotentiator-taxoltere metro

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Lixi; Wang Huijuan; Holton, Robert A.

2000-01-01

Purpose: To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic and radiopotentiating effects of a novel paclitaxel analog (taxoltere metro) on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and human colon cancer cells. Methods and Materials: Three cell lines (CHO cells, HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells [paclitaxel-sensitive], and VM46 cells [paclitaxel-resistant subline of HCT116]) were employed in this study. Cell survival was determined using the standard colony-forming assay. The ID 50 value (drug concentrations required to reduce colony formation to 50% of the control value) was determined as a cytotoxic index from each cell survival curve. The sensitizer enhancement ratio (SER) as a radiopotentiating endpoint was determined as the ratio of the D 0 values (with or without drugs) under hypoxic or air conditions. Results: Taxoltere metro was 5-15 times more effective in killing CHO cells than paclitaxel under both hypoxic and euoxic treatment conditions. Cytocidal effects of taxoltere metro on HCT116 cells and VM46 cells were 28 and 70 times higher than those of paclitaxel (p < 0.001), respectively. Taxoltere metro also produced significant radiopotentiating effects on euoxic CHO and HCT116 cells, but not on hypoxic cells. The SER value of taxoltere metro for CHO cells was about 2.3 at a dose of 100 nM. With HCT116 cells, taxoltere metro yielded an SER of 1.2 at the low dose of 10 nM. In contrast, the parent compound paclitaxel yielded little or no radiosensitization with either CHO or HCT116 cells. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that taxoltere metro is significantly more potent than paclitaxel in chemoradiopotentiating CHO cells and HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells. The data strongly suggest that taxoltere metro could be a promising chemoradiopotentiating agent for treatment of cancer

Elasticidad precio de la demanda y perfil de los usuarios de la parada “Pablo de Olavide" de Metro de Sevilla || Price Elasticity of Demand and Profile of “Pablo de Olavide" Metro Stop's Users of Seville Metro

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Hernández-Díaz, Alfredo G.

2014-06-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo mostramos los resultados más relevantes obtenidos en un proceso de encuestación a 300 usuarios de la estación “Pablo de Olavide" del metro de Sevilla. El objetivo del trabajo es doble: por un lado, analizar el perfil del usuario (motivaciones por las que usan el metro, intermodalidad y flujos; mientras que, por otro lado, a partir de las disposiciones a pagar con respecto a posibles incrementos en el precio del servicio, estimamos parcialmente la elasticidad precio de la demanda para esta población objetivo tan concreta. El perfil tan específico de los usuarios de dicha parada así como las características propias del metro de Sevilla explican algunos de los resultados obtenidos esperando ayuden a los gestores y administradores de Metro de Sevilla en la toma de decisiones. || In this paper the most relevant results obtained in a survey conducted by 300 users of the “Pablo de Olavide" Seville metro stop are presented. The aim of the paper is twofold. On the one hand, the user profile is analysed: motivations for using the subway, intermodality and ows, whereas, on the other hand, the price elasticity of demand is partially computed by means of the willingness to pay for that specic user profile. In fact, both the particular user profile and Seville metro's characteristics explain some of the obtained results that hopefully will help managers of Seville Metro in making decisions.

An energy-efficient metro speed profiles for energy savings: application to the Valencia metro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Villalba Sanchis, I.; Salvador Zuriaga, P.

2016-07-01

Nowadays one of the main priorities for metro line operators is the reduction of energy consumption, due to the environmental impact and economic cost. In order to achieve this objective different strategies can be applied, normally focused into rolling stock, infrastructure and/or operation. Considering short-term measures and related to the traffic operation strategies, different approaches are being researched. One of the most effective strategy which reduce net energy consumption is the use of efficient driving techniques. These techniques produces a speed profile between two stations that requires the minimum net energy consumption, without degrading commercial running times or passenger comfort. In this paper, a computer model for calculating the metro vehicles speed profiles minimizing the energy consumption was developed. The equations considered in the model represent the behavior of a single vehicle operated under manual driving, subject to different constraints such as the headway, cycle time, distances and acceleration limits. The proposed model calculates different commands to be systematically executed by the driver. The resulting simulator has been tuned by means of on board measurements of speed, accelerations and energy consumption obtained along different lines in Metro de Valencia network. For this purpose, different scenarios are analyzed to assess the achievable energy savings. In general terms and comparing with the actual energy consumption, the solutions proposed can reduce the net energy consumption around 19%. (Author)

Medición comparativa de la densidad urinaria: tira reactiva, refractómetro y densímetro

OpenAIRE

Costa, Christian Elías; Bettendorff, Carolina; Bupo, Sol; Ayuso, Sandra; Vallejo, Graciela

2010-01-01

Introducción. La densidad urinaria se utiliza en la clínica para evaluar la capacidad renal de concentrar y diluir la orina. Se puede medir mediante tres métodos: urodensímetro (UD), refractómetro (RE) y tiras reactivas (TR). Objetivo. Evaluar la exactitud de diferentes métodos de medición de la densidad urinaria. Diseño del estudio. Transversal, comparativo, con recolección prospectiva de datos. Material y métodos. Se analizaron 156 muestras de orina de pacientes pediátricos, durante abril y...

An application of the graph theory which examines the metro networks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Svetla STOILOVA

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The graph theory gives a mathematical representation of transport networks and allows us to study their characteristics effectively. A research of the structure of metro system has been conducted in the study by using the graph theory. The study includes subway systems of 22 European capitals. New indicators have been defined in the research such as a degree of routing, a connectivity of the route, average length per link (which takes into account the number of routes, intensity of the route, density of the route. The new and the existing indicators have been used to analyze and classify the metro networks. The statistical method cluster analysis has been applied to classify the networks. Ten indicators have been used to carry out an analysis. The metro systems in European capitals have been classified in three clusters. The first cluster includes large metro systems, the second one includes small metro networks whereas the third cluster includes metro networks with only one line. The combination of both two methods has been used for the first time in this research. The methodology could be used to evaluate other existing metro networks as well as for preliminary analysis in the design of subway systems.

FIDEDIGNIDADE DA CORRIDA DE 1000 METROS PARA ESPAÇO REDUZIDO

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Marilia do Rosso Krug

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo estabelecer a fidedignidade do teste de corrida de 1000 metros, padronizado por KLISSOURAS (1973, para espaço reduzido. A amostra foi constituída aleatoriamente de 240 escolares, sendo 120 escolares de cada sexo, e 30 escolares por idade e sexo, nas faixas etárias de 9 a 12 anos, matriculados nas escolas da rede municipal de ensino, da zona urbana, da cidade de Pelotas, RS. O peso corporal foi medido através de uma balança de alavanca e a estatura pelo estadiômetro. Utilizou-se o teste de corrida de 1000 metros, padronizado por KLISSOURAS (1973, para medir a potência aeróbica. Obteve-se correlação positiva significativa entre os resultados do teste de corrida de 1000 metros realizados em pista de atletismo com o de espaço reduzido (configuração oval. Conclui-se que na falta da pista de atletismo, pode-se realizar o teste de corrida de 1000 metros em espaço reduzido (configuração oval.

Characterization of federated oil fractions used for the PTAC project to study the petroleum fraction-specific toxicity to soils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Z.; Jokuty, P.; Fingas, M.; Sigouin, L.

2001-01-01

In 1998, the Petroleum Technology Alliance of Canada (PTAC) and the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) launched an important research project for the oil and gas industry entitled A Fraction-Specific Toxicity and Derivation of Recommended Soil Quality Guidelines for Crude Oil in Agricultural Soils. The objective was to generate useful and relevant data that could be used to develop soil quality guidelines for petroleum hydrocarbon residuals in agricultural soils. The oil used in the study was Federated crude oil which was fractionated into four fractions using a distillation method. The fraction-based approach was used to support ecologically-relevant, risk-based, soil quality criteria for the protection of environmental health. This paper presented the nominal carbon number and boiling point ranges of these fractions and described the distillation procedures for producing the fractions from the Federated crude oil. The paper also presented the detailed chemical characterization results of each distillation fraction. The toxicity of the crude oil mixture to plants and soil invertebrates was also assessed using standardized toxicity tests. Tests were also conducted to assess the toxicity of fractions of the crude oil and the toxic interactions of the fractions responsible for a significant proportion of the toxicity. Phase 2 of the project was designed to determine if hydrocarbon residuals exceeding 1000 μg/g and weathered for short or long periods of time, posed an ecotoxicological risk or impaired soil physical, chemical and biological properties such that productivity of the agricultural soils was compromised. The objectives of phase 2 were to amend differently textured soils in field plots at sites with fresh crude oil and to monitor their toxicity to terrestrial organisms using laboratory-based ecotoxicity tests. The study showed that because of the nature of the chemical composition of hydrocarbons (such as boiling points, nominal carbon range

Metro nature, environmental health, and economic value.

Science.gov (United States)

Wolf, Kathleen L; Robbins, Alicia S T

2015-05-01

Nearly 40 years of research provides an extensive body of evidence about human health, well-being, and improved function benefits associated with experiences of nearby nature in cities. We demonstrate the numerous opportunities for future research efforts that link metro nature, human health and well-being outcomes, and economic values. We reviewed the literature on urban nature-based health and well-being benefits. In this review, we provide a classification schematic and propose potential economic values associated with metro nature services. Economic valuation of benefits derived from urban green systems has largely been undertaken in the fields of environmental and natural resource economics, but studies have not typically addressed health outcomes. Urban trees, parks, gardens, open spaces, and other nearby nature elements-collectively termed metro nature-generate many positive externalities that have been largely overlooked in urban economics and policy. Here, we present a range of health benefits, including benefit context and beneficiaries. Although the understanding of these benefits is not yet consistently expressed, and although it is likely that attempts to link urban ecosystem services and economic values will not include all expressions of cultural or social value, the development of new interdisciplinary approaches that integrate environmental health and economic disciplines are greatly needed. Metro nature provides diverse and substantial benefits to human populations in cities. In this review, we begin to address the need for development of valuation methodologies and new approaches to understanding the potential economic outcomes of these benefits.

Toxicants in Consumer Products. Household Hazardous Waste Disposal Project. Metro Toxicant Program No. 1B.

Science.gov (United States)

Ridgley, Susan M.

Four general product classes (pesticides, paint products, household cleaners, and automotive products) are reviewed in this document. Each product class is described, and several aspects of the problem associated with product use or disposal are examined, including estimates of volumes used and environmental impacts. Technical data on the specific…

Street floods in Metro Manila and possible solutions.

Science.gov (United States)

Lagmay, Alfredo Mahar; Mendoza, Jerico; Cipriano, Fatima; Delmendo, Patricia Anne; Lacsamana, Micah Nieves; Moises, Marc Anthony; Pellejera, Nicanor; Punay, Kenneth Niño; Sabio, Glenn; Santos, Laurize; Serrano, Jonathan; Taniza, Herbert James; Tingin, Neil Eneri

2017-09-01

Urban floods from thunderstorms cause severe problems in Metro Manila due to road traffic. Using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)-derived topography, flood simulations and anecdotal reports, the root of surface flood problems in Metro Manila is identified. Majority of flood-prone areas are along the intersection of creeks and streets located in topographic lows. When creeks overflow or when rapidly accumulated street flood does not drain fast enough to the nearest stream channel, the intersecting road also gets flooded. Possible solutions include the elevation of roads or construction of well-designed drainage structures leading to the creeks. Proposed solutions to the flood problem of Metro Manila may avoid paralyzing traffic problems due to short-lived rain events, which according to Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) cost the Philippine economy 2.4billionpesos/day. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Metro manila transport and traffic management plan (1993-1998)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cal, P.C.

1995-12-31

In 1988, former President Corazon Aquino created the Presidential Task Force on Traffic Management to formulate plans and programs to improve the traffic situation in Metro Manila and to address the emerging problem of air pollution and concern on renewable energy sources for transportation. The Task Force formulated the Metro Manila Traffic Improvement Plan (TRIP) which was approved by President Aquino for implementation. TRIP called for the development of a mass urban transport system, which included the expansion of the light rail transit system and the construction and improvement of the Metro Manila road network. Culled mainly from the TRIP proposals, the Updated Transport and Traffic Management Plan for Metro Manila (1993-1998) was developed through interagency discussions, public consultations, data collation and research work. This plan is directed towards the development of a more responsive public transport system, expansion of road network capacity, and improvement of traffic management and enforcement. Constraints may be present along the way but opportunities and potentials exist for the deliverance of daily commuters struggling to make a living.

El cerealémetro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Santos López, Pascual

2006-01-01

Full Text Available "Apparatus for measuring wheat" was the title that Geronimo Salmerón Gómez put his invention patented in 1939. Which calls for defining the quality of wheat is marketed. Salmerón always worried about the price of bread and flour quality came to manufacture his invention usually called "Cerealémetro".

Hubungan Media Metro Tv Terhadap Pendidikan Politik Mahasiswa Fisip Usu(Studi Tentang Peran Media Metro Tv Dalam Sosialisasi Tahapan Pilpres 2014)

OpenAIRE

Hutauruk, Andreas Ruli

2015-01-01

This research attempts to explain the relationship Metro TV media related to political education socialization stages PILPRES 2014 received FISIP USU students. The theory is used to explain this study are: first theory put forward by the mass media Innis Media Metro TV that has the function of providing information to the community and also educate the public. Second, political education theory put forward Ramlan Surbakti that provide an understanding of the political education should be expl...

Examples of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields in a Finnish metro station

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Korpinen, L.; Sydaenheimo, L.; Laehdetie, A.; Amundin, A.; Piippo, H.

2015-01-01

The aim of this pilot study was to present examples of extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields in a Finnish metro station. The metro trains are powered by 750 V DC voltage supplied through a conductor rail next to the running rails. We measured magnetic fields with a magnetic field meter MFM 3000 in 17 cases when a train was leaving the platform in the same metro station. The maximum measured magnetic field was 5400 nT (at 1 m height and 4.3 m from the conductor rail). The magnetic field stayed at this level for a very short time after the metro left the platform. It is possible that there are also DC magnetic fields near the metro as the train leaves the station because the trains are powered by DC voltage. Therefore, it is also important to measure DC fields and DC currents in the future. (authors)

Somatic mutation in peripheral blood lymphocytes among Metro Manila residents: indicator of exposure to environmental pollution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yulo-Nazarea, M.T.; Cobar, M.L.C.; Endriga, M.A.; Sta Maria, E.J.; Nato, A.Q.; Eduardo, J.; Dy, R.

1994-01-01

Metro Manila is ranked as one of the world's most polluted cities where air quality levels are 2-3 times higher than the levels set by WHO. Development of diseases could be alleviated if early warning signs as occurrence of gene mutations are detected early enough. The adapted hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) mutation assay measures the degree of mutation on the HGPRT gene and allows rapid evaluation of the occurrence of mutation in an individual exposed to radiation or mutagens within six months after exposure. The objective of the project is to (1) assay exposure of Metro Manila residents exposed to environmental pollution, (2) determine population groups significantly affected by pollutants and (3) construct an environmental baseline HGPRT mutation data bank specific to area in Metro Manila. A composite table of personal information of donors against mutation index in two barangays in Venezuela is presented. About 30% of the total samples are shown to have mutation index greater than 0.5. So far, the data show a slightly higher mutation rate among donors who are smokers with more than 5 hours outdoor exposure to pollutants per day than the corresponding class of non-smokers. (author). 5 refs.; 5 tabs

Measuring Crowdedness between Adjacent Stations in an Urban Metro System: a Chinese Case Study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liudan Jiao

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The urban metro system has been widely appreciated as the most important component in urban infrastructures. It plays a critical role in promoting urban social and economic development, and particularly in reducing the urban traffic congestion. However, there are various inherent problems with operating metro systems, which typically involve the crowdedness both at stations and inside vehicles. Both policymakers and academic researchers in China have paid little attention to the crowdedness between metro stations. In order to solve the problem of crowdedness, it is necessary to develop a method to evaluate the level of crowdedness. This work establishes a model to measure the crowdedness between adjacent stations in a metro system based on the load factor principle, passenger standing density, and other factors such as the metro operation schedule and estimations of passenger flows. The Chongqing Metro Line 3 in China is used as a case study to demonstrate the application of the evaluation model. The case study reveals that the model introduced in this study can assist with assessing the crowdedness level between adjacent stations in a metro line. The model is an effective tool for helping the metro management and administration understand the level of crowdedness, apply proper methods to mitigate the crowdedness, and thus improve the quality of the service for those utilizing the metro system.

ENRAIZAMENTO DE ESTACAS DE DIFERENTES DIÂMETROS EM Platanus acerifolia (Aiton) Willdenow

OpenAIRE

Carlos Alberto Dias; Rosane Maria Simon Lampert Dias; Elcí Terezinha Henz Franco

1999-01-01

O presente trabalho teve como finalidade estudar o efeito do ácido indol-3-butírico (AIB) no enraizamento de estacas caulinares de diferentes diâmetros de Platanus acerifolia (Aiton) Willdenow. Para tal, foram utilizadas estacas finas (diâmetro médio 0,94 cm); médias (diâmetro médio de 1,58 cm) e grossas (diâmetro médio 2,75 cm), submetidas a dois tratamentos: T1 (testemunha) e T2 (6000 ppm de AIB em talco). A aplicação da auxina foi por meio de talco na base das estacas, sendo plantadas em s...

Numerical modeling and monitoring analysis of Heroísmo station, Metro do Porto

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ferreira, P.; Sousa, T.; Silva, P.

2007-01-01

Metro do Porto is a major light rail infrastructure built in the city of Porto and surrounding municipalities. In Porto's downtown, classified by UNESCO as World Heritage, the metro was built underground. From a technical point of view, one of the most challenging underground metro stations due t...

Site selection model for new metro stations based on land use

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Nan; Chen, Xuewu

2015-12-01

Since the construction of metro system generally lags behind the development of urban land use, sites of metro stations should adapt to their surrounding situations, which was rarely discussed by previous research on station layout. This paper proposes a new site selection model to find the best location for a metro station, establishing the indicator system based on land use and combining AHP with entropy weight method to obtain the schemes' ranking. The feasibility and efficiency of this model has been validated by evaluating Nanjing Shengtai Road station and other potential sites.

2012 OLC Lidar: West Metro, Oregon

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — WSI has collected Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data of the Oregon West Metro Study Area for the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI)....

Mezinárodní strategie společnosti Metro - vybrané problémy

OpenAIRE

Zakouřilová, Eliška

2009-01-01

Currently, there is a clear trend of revival of small shops near the customer's home. In this context, formulated by Metro, or Macro new business idea - the concept of small shops / convenience store (ie, smaller stores with food and other basic commodities of daily use). Therefore, it was created and introduced the project Macro Small shops (where the aim is to create a "network of retail stores under the auspices of the macro) to allow the company to effectively compete with chain stores, p...

Software Defined Networking for Next Generation Converged Metro-Access Networks

Science.gov (United States)

Ruffini, M.; Slyne, F.; Bluemm, C.; Kitsuwan, N.; McGettrick, S.

2015-12-01

While the concept of Software Defined Networking (SDN) has seen a rapid deployment within the data center community, its adoption in telecommunications network has progressed slowly, although the concept has been swiftly adopted by all major telecoms vendors. This paper presents a control plane architecture for SDN-driven converged metro-access networks, developed through the DISCUS European FP7 project. The SDN-based controller architecture was developed in a testbed implementation targeting two main scenarios: fast feeder fiber protection over dual-homed Passive Optical Networks (PONs) and dynamic service provisioning over a multi-wavelength PON. Implementation details and results of the experiment carried out over the second scenario are reported in the paper, showing the potential of SDN in providing assured on-demand services to end-users.

INFLUÊNCIA DO DIÂMETRO DE ESTACAS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DOS BROTOS DE Platanus x acerifolia

OpenAIRE

Leonardo S. Oliveira; Alessandro C. Miola; Mauro V. Schumacher; Juarez M. Hoppe

1999-01-01

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar o diâmetro ideal de estacas para a produção de mudas de Platanus x acerifolia. As estacas utilizadas foram coletadas em árvores cuja a brotação apresentava-se com um ano de idade. Foram comparados três diâmetros de estacas: diâmetros inferiores a 1 cm, diâmetros entre 1 e 2 cm e diâmetros superiores a 2 cm. Todas as estacas possuiam 30 cm de comprimento. Decorridos 90 dias do plantio das estacas, foram medidas as alturas dos brotos, onde na qual ...

Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority climate change adaptation pilot project report.

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-01

This Climate Change Adaptation Pilot Project Report details the project background of the recently-completed Los Angeles County : Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro) Transit Climate Change Adaptation Pilot Project as well as the various wor...

Influencia de los parámetros de proceso, en el comportamiento del parámetro vibración absoluta en turbinas de vapor.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F. de la Torre Silva

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo muestra el estudio realizado en turbinas de vapor de pequeña capacidad de generación de las centrales termoeléctricas cubanas, relacionadas con la influencia estadística entre parámetros de proceso de la turbina, respecto al parámetro vibración absoluta, medidos en las chumaceras de la turbina. Se utilizan las bases de datos de los sistemas de monitoreado on-line de la turbina. Se exponen las relaciones existentes entre los principales parámetros seleccionados para este estudio.This work show the study in small steam turbine capacity of generation in cubans thermoelectric power station to relative with statistical influence between steam process parameters regarding absolute vibration parameter, in the steam housing measurements. Themselves use database as steam on-line monitoring systems. Expose the existing relation between the principal selection parameters for this study.

Comparación interlaboratorial de cronómetros 2014

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oscar Fallas-Cordero

2015-09-01

En este trabajo se describe y presentan los resultados de una comparación de cronómetros que se llevó a cabo en Costa Rica, entre marzo del 2014 hasta octubre del mismo año, por el Laboratorio Metrológico de Variables Eléctricas (LMVE del Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE, como INM designado en Costa Rica para Electricidad, Magnetismo, Tiempo y Frecuencia. La comparación involucró 6 laboratorios participantes y un cronómetro patrón viajero.

Diferentes aferições do diâmetro abdominal sagital e do perímetro da cintura na predição do HOMA-IR Mediciones distintas del diámetro abdominal sagital y del perímetro de la cintura en la predicción del HOMA-IR Different measurements of the sagittal abdominal diameter and waist perimeter in the prediction of HOMA-IR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Carolina Junqueira Vasques

2009-11-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A correlação entre aumento de gordura visceral e de resistência à insulina coloca o diâmetro abdominal sagital e o perímetro da cintura como instrumentos potenciais para a predição de resistência à insulina. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a reprodutibilidade de diferentes aferições do diâmetro abdominal sagital e do perímetro da cintura e analisar o poder discriminante dos mesmos para predizer resistência à insulina. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 190 homens adultos. O diâmetro abdominal sagital (menor cintura, maior diâmetro abdominal, nível umbilical e ponto médio entre as cristas ilíacas e o perímetro da cintura (nível umbilical, menor cintura, imediatamente acima da crista ilíaca e ponto médio entre a crista ilíaca e a última costela foram aferidos em quatro locais diferentes. A resistência à insulina foi avaliada pelo índice HOMA-IR. RESULTADOS: Todas as medidas apresentaram correlação intraclasse de 0,986-0,999. Tanto o diâmetro abdominal sagital aferido na menor cintura (r=0,482 e AUC=0,739±0,049 como o perímetro da cintura aferido no ponto médio entre a última costela e a crista ilíaca (r=0,464 e AUC=0,746±0,05 apresentaram maiores correlações com o HOMA-IR, bem como um melhor poder discriminante para o HOMA-IR segundo a análise ROC (pFUNDAMENTO: La correlación entre aumento de la grasa visceral y de la resistencia a la insulina pone el diámetro abdominal sagital y el perímetro de la cintura como los instrumentos potenciales para la predicción de resistencia a la insulina. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la reproductibilidad de distintas mediciones del diámetro abdominal sagital y del perímetro de la cintura y analizar el poder discriminante de las mismas para predecir resistencia a la insulina. MÉTODOS: Se evaluaron a 190 varones adultos. El diámetro abdominal sagital (menor cintura, mayor diámetro abdominal, nivel umbilical y punto promedio entre las crestas ilíacas y el perímetro de la cintura (nivel

2012 OLC Lidar DEM: West Metro, Oregon

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — WSI has collected Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data of the Oregon West Metro Study Area for the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI)....

Termómetros de mercurio, aún tóxicos aún presentes Mercury thermometers, still toxic, still present

OpenAIRE

A. Souto; L. Gómez Gómez; S. García Mata

2012-01-01

Los termómetros de mercurio han sido y son, a pesar de la prohibición de su fabricación, una de las principales fuentes de exposición en la edad pediátrica al mercurio (Hg) elemental en nuestro medio. La toxicidad producida por el Hg elemental depende de la vía de exposición y de la duración de la misma. La exposición a través del tracto digestivo no produce prácticamente toxicidad, pero la inoculación subcutánea o endovenosa y la inhalación puede producir lesiones a nivel local o sistémico. ...

Metro Multnomah Wetlands - Multnomah Channel Wetland Restoration Monitoring Project

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The Multnomah Channel Wetland Restoration Monitoring Project characterizes wetlands use by juvenile salmonids and other fishes in the Multnomah Channel Marsh Natural...

Anaerobic biodegradability and toxicity of complex or toxicant wastewater

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wills Betancur, B.A.

1995-01-01

As a first approximation to wastewater classification in susceptibility terms to treatment by anaerobic biological system, anaerobic biodegradability trials are accomplished to leached of sanitary landfill, to wastewater of coffee grain wet treatment plant and to wastewater of fumaric acid recuperation plant. In the last Plant, anaerobic toxicity trials and lethal toxicity on the Daphnia pulex micro-crustacean are made too. Anaerobic biological trials are made continuing the Wageningen University (Holland) Methodology (1.987). Lethal toxicity biological trials are made following the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(18th edition, 1992). In development of this investigation project is found that fumaric acid recuperation plant leached it has a low anaerobic biodegradability, a high anaerobic toxicity and a high lethal toxicity over Daphnia pulex, for such reasons this leached is cataloged as complex and toxic wastewater. The other hand, wastewater of coffee grain wet treatment plant and wastewater of sanitary landfill they are both highly biodegradability and not-toxic, for such reasons these wastewaters are cataloged as susceptible to treatment by anaerobic biological system

Desarrollo de un Efecto de Sonido controlado mediante un acelerómetro

OpenAIRE

Naami, Amnay

2015-01-01

En este TFG se propone un nuevo procedimiento para accionar un efecto de sonido wah-wah basado en el uso de un acelerómetro que detecta el movimiento del pie del músico, sin necesidad de accionar directamente una plataforma. El efecto de sonido estaría formado por el acelerómetro, un circuito de detección de la señal del acelerómetro y generación de una señal de control que actúa sobre un filtro controlado por tensión (VCF) y el propio VCF, cuya frecuencia de corte depende de la señal d...

VARIABILIDAD DEL PARÁMETRO DE RUGOSIDAD SOBRE UNA COBERTURA VEGETAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Isabel Gassmann

2015-12-01

Full Text Available La longitud de rugosidad es un parámetro de escala característico de la capa de superficie, utilizado en estudios micrometeorológicos, de contaminación urbana, de potencial eólico o en los modelos dinámicos de pronóstico del tiempo y el clima. Experimentalmente este parámetro se determina a partir de datos observacionales del perfil de viento bajo condiciones neutrales de estabilidad atmosférica. Sin embargo, existen evidencias de una dependencia del mismo con los cambios en la estabilidad. Utilizando datos observados sobre una superficie con cobertura vegetal y bajo las hipótesis de la teoría de la semejanza de Monin-Obukhov, se estudió la variabilidad del parámetro de rugosidad con la estabilidad atmosférica. Se obtuvieron expresiones empíricas que permitieron estimar esa longitud en función de un parámetro de estabilidad. Se encontraron variaciones en su magnitud de hasta dos órdenes bajo condiciones estables, mientras que en condiciones inestables su variabilidad fue pequeña. Por otra parte, se estudió el impacto que producen las parametrizaciones obtenidas al aplicarlas en un preprocesador meteorológico para un modelo de difusión de contaminantes. Los resultados obtenidos tendrían un impacto directo en el campo de velocidades cercano a superficie

Termómetro digital

OpenAIRE

Olivar Ruiz, Marta

2015-01-01

En este trabajo de fin de grado se ha realizado un termómetro digital utilizando Arduino, plataforma hardware y software basada en microcontroladores comerciales integrados en una PCB y un display digital. Como transductor de temperatura se emplea el termopar de tipo K. Se abarcan todas las etapas, desde el diseño del circuito electrónico hasta la fabricación del prototipo. El circuito electrónico diseñado realiza el acondicionamiento de las señales, tanto del termopar como del sensor de temp...

Environmental impact assessment using a utility-based recursive evidential reasoning approach for structural flood mitigation measures in Metro Manila, Philippines.

Science.gov (United States)

Gilbuena, Romeo; Kawamura, Akira; Medina, Reynaldo; Nakagawa, Naoko; Amaguchi, Hideo

2013-12-15

In recent years, the practice of environmental impact assessment (EIA) has created significant awareness on the role of environmentally sound projects in sustainable development. In view of the recent studies on the effects of climate change, the Philippine government has given high priority to the construction of flood control structures to alleviate the destructive effects of unmitigated floods, especially in highly urbanized areas like Metro Manila. EIA thus, should be carefully and effectively carried out to maximize or optimize the potential benefits that can be derived from structural flood mitigation measures (SFMMs). A utility-based environmental assessment approach may significantly aid flood managers and decision-makers in planning for effective and environmentally sound SFMM projects. This study proposes a utility-based assessment approach using the rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM) technique, coupled with the evidential reasoning approach, to rationally and systematically evaluate the ecological and socio-economic impacts of 4 planned SFMM projects (i.e. 2 river channel improvements and 2 new open channels) in Metro Manila. Results show that the overall environmental effects of each of the planned SFMM projects are positive, which indicate that the utility of the positive impacts would generally outweigh the negative impacts. The results also imply that the planned river channel improvements will yield higher environmental benefits over the planned open channels. This study was able to present a clear and rational approach in the examination of overall environmental effects of SFMMs, which provides valuable insights that can be used by decision-makers and policy makers to improve the EIA practice and evaluation of projects in the Philippines. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Stationary super-capacitor energy storage system to save regenerative braking energy in a metro line

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Teymourfar, Reza; Asaei, Behzad; Iman-Eini, Hossein; Nejati fard, Razieh

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► Super-capacitors are used to store regenerative braking energy in a metro network. ► A novel approach is proposed to model easily and accurately the metro network. ► An efficient approach is proposed to calculate the required super-capacitors. ► Maximum energy saving is around 44% at off-peak period and 42% at peak period. ► Benefit/cost analyses are performed for the suggested ESS. - Abstract: In this paper, the stationary super-capacitors are used to store a metro network regenerative braking energy. In order to estimate the required energy storage systems (ESSs), line 3 of Tehran metro network is modeled through a novel approach, in peak and off-peak conditions based on the real data obtained from Tehran metro office. A useful method is proposed to predict the maximum instantaneous regenerative energy which is delivered to each station before applying ESS and based on that the ESS configuration for each station is determined. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed ESS is confirmed by economic evaluations and benefit/cost analyses on line 3 of Tehran metro network.

parámetros en híbridos de populus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

O. S. Vallejos-Barra

2007-01-01

Full Text Available La variable diámetro a la altura del pecho, medido a 1.3 m desde el suelo (DAP es lognormal si log(DAP-θ se distribuye normalmente. Para simplificar el ajuste de esta función de densidad de probabilidad (fdp se supone que el parámetro de localización (θ es cero en híbridos de Populus; sin embargo, en algunos casos esta simplificación no asegura el mejor ajuste de la fdp, incidiendo en la representación de la estructura horizontal de los híbridos. El objetivo de la investigación fue calcular el parámetro θ que proporcione el mejor ajuste de la fdp lognormal del DAP en los híbridos I-488 e I-63/51. Para este cálculo se utilizó un algoritmo de búsqueda binaria, que minimizó el estadístico Dn de la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. 38 % de las parcelas presentó un parámetro θ distinto de cero, originando una mejoría del valor de probabilidad (P entre 0.02 y 55.4 %. Se hizo un análisis de varianza no paramétrico de la variable “√n * Dn”, ya que la variable original y múltiples transformaciones no permitieron aceptar los supuestos del análisis paramétrico. El tipo de ajuste presentó diferencias estadísticas altamente significativas con un valor de 17.1 (P0.800 y las edades un valor de 11.2 (P>0.260.

An Association Rule Based Method to Integrate Metro-Public Bicycle Smart Card Data for Trip Chain Analysis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

De Zhao

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Smart card data provide valuable insights and massive samples for enhancing the understanding of transfer behavior between metro and public bicycle. However, smart cards for metro and public bicycle are often issued and managed by independent companies and this results in the same commuter having different identity tags in the metro and public bicycle smart card systems. The primary objective of this study is to develop a data fusion methodology for matching metro and public bicycle smart cards for the same commuter using historical smart card data. A novel method with association rules to match the data derived from the two systems is proposed and validation was performed. The results showed that our proposed method successfully matched 573 pairs of smart cards with an accuracy of 100%. We also validated the association rules method through visualization of individual metro and public bicycle trips. Based on the matched cards, interesting findings of metro-bicycle transfer have been derived, including the spatial pattern of the public bicycle as first/last mile solution as well as the duration of a metro trip chain.

Multímetro como sistema de medición alternativo en las valoraciones potenciométricas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José de Jesús Pérez-Saavedra

2015-09-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo, experimentalmente se demuestra que las valoraciones potenciométricas usuales en química analítica (acido-base, redox, complejométricas y de halogenuros pueden llevarse a cabo utilizando como sistema indicador de punto de equivalencia, un multímetro en vez del potenciómetro, mediante la prueba estadística de t de Student; y se posibilita con esto que los laboratorios de docencia se puedan equipar mejor y a bajo costo, con multímetros en vez de potenciómetros.

Novo método para calcular o diâmetro médio de agregados de solos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Q. de JONG van LIER

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Ao calcular o diâmetro médio ponderado (DMP ou o diâmetro médio geométrico (DMG de uma amostra de solo, ponderam-se o diâmetro médio aritmético (no caso do DMP ou o logarítmico (no caso do DMG de cada classe pela massa de agregados nela retida. A média aritmética de cada classe, multiplicada pela massa de agregados retidos na respectiva classe, apenas é correta, quando ocorrer uma distribuição simétrica de massa de agregados dentro de cada classe, o que é muito pouco provável. O objetivo deste trabalho, desenvolvido no final de 1996 no Departamento de Solos da UFRGS, Porto Alegre, é propor um novo método para o cálculo do diâmetro médio dos agregados, presumindo ser a distribuição dentro de cada classe semelhante à distribuição dos agregados de toda a amostra. Essa proposta pressupõe ser o diâmetro médio da classe mais bem estimado por aquele diâmetro que divide os agregados contidos nela em duas partes de massa igual. Para isso foi apresentado um procedimento de cálculo, e o diâmetro médio assim encontrado foi denominado "diâmetro médio ajustado" (DMA. Para testar o método, utilizaram-se dados existentes de vários solos, condições de manejo do solo e rotações de culturas. Considerando os resultados, justifica-se a utilização do parâmetro DMA no lugar do DMP ou DMG, por representar mais corretamente o diâmetro médio dos agregados de uma amostra de solo.

Active enactment and virtuous circles of employment relations: how Danish unions organised the transnationalised Copenhagen Metro construction project

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Arnholtz, Jens; Refslund, Bjarke

2018-01-01

the construction of the Copenhagen Metro City Ring, despite initially encountering a highly fragmented, transnational workforce and several sub-contracting firms that actively sought to circumvent Danish labour market regulation. The article argues that this organising success is explained by parallel developments...... in unions’ organising efforts, and enforcement strategies, as well as by changes in the developers’ attitude to employment relations. The article further compares the Danish experience with prior research on similar cases in other countries and argues that the explanation for the Danish success is found...... in the combination of targeted organising, politicisation and strategic enforcement....

Analysing accessibility effects in a continuous treatment framework: the case of Copenhagen metro

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pons Rotger, Gabriel Angel; Nielsen, Thomas Alexander Sick

increases the probability of long commutes (> 4 km) - and decreases the probability of short commutes (men and women...... it is mainly women that are affected by the accessibility gain and commute longer distances in responses to proximity to the metro. Comparing older and younger commuters it is mainly the older commuters that respond to the increased accessibility offered by metro access – by commuting longer distances....... Comparing income groups a considerably stronger response to the increased accessibility is seen in the highest earning and presumably most skilled group. Comparing commuting responses to metro access grouped by the past commuting behavior of the responspondents indicate a positive effect of proximity...

PLANNING TRIPOLI METRO NETWORK BY THE USE OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

O. Alhusain

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Tripoli, the capital city of Libya is going through significant and integrated development process, this development is expected to continue in the next few decades. The Libyan authorities have put it as their goal to develop Tripoli to an important metropolis in North Africa. To achieve this goal, they identified goals for the city's future development in all human, economic, cultural, touristic, and nonetheless infrastructure levels. On the infrastructure development level, among other things, they have identified the development of public transportation as one of the important development priorities. At present, public transportation in Tripoli is carried out by a limited capacity bus network alongside of individual transportation. However, movement in the city is characterized mainly by individual transportation with all its disadvantages such as traffic jams, significant air pollution with both carbon monoxide and dust, and lack of parking space. The Libyan authorities wisely opted for an efficient, modern, and environment friendly solution for public transportation, this was to plan a complex Metro Network as the backbone of public transportation in the city, and to develop and integrate the bus network and other means of transportation to be in harmony with the planned Metro network. The Metro network is planned to provide convenient connections to Tripoli International Airport and to the planned Railway station. They plan to build a system of Park and Ride (P+R facilities at suitable locations along the Metro lines. This paper will present in details the planned Metro Network, some of the applied technological solutions, the importance of applying remote sensing and GIS technologies in different planning phases, and problems and benefits associated with the use of multi-temporal-, multi-format spatial data in the whole network planning phase.

Planning Tripoli Metro Network by the Use of Remote Sensing Imagery

Science.gov (United States)

Alhusain, O.; Engedy, Gy.; Milady, A.; Paulini, L.; Soos, G.

2012-08-01

Tripoli, the capital city of Libya is going through significant and integrated development process, this development is expected to continue in the next few decades. The Libyan authorities have put it as their goal to develop Tripoli to an important metropolis in North Africa. To achieve this goal, they identified goals for the city's future development in all human, economic, cultural, touristic, and nonetheless infrastructure levels. On the infrastructure development level, among other things, they have identified the development of public transportation as one of the important development priorities. At present, public transportation in Tripoli is carried out by a limited capacity bus network alongside of individual transportation. However, movement in the city is characterized mainly by individual transportation with all its disadvantages such as traffic jams, significant air pollution with both carbon monoxide and dust, and lack of parking space. The Libyan authorities wisely opted for an efficient, modern, and environment friendly solution for public transportation, this was to plan a complex Metro Network as the backbone of public transportation in the city, and to develop and integrate the bus network and other means of transportation to be in harmony with the planned Metro network. The Metro network is planned to provide convenient connections to Tripoli International Airport and to the planned Railway station. They plan to build a system of Park and Ride (P+R) facilities at suitable locations along the Metro lines. This paper will present in details the planned Metro Network, some of the applied technological solutions, the importance of applying remote sensing and GIS technologies in different planning phases, and problems and benefits associated with the use of multi-temporal-, multi-format spatial data in the whole network planning phase.

Evaluation of Environmental Risk Due to Metro System Construction in Jinan, China

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guo-Fu Wang

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Jinan is a famous spring city in China. Construction of underground metro system may block groundwater seepage, inducing the depletion risk of springs. This paper presents an assessment of the risk due to metro line construction to groundwater in Jinan City using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP and Geographic International System (GIS. Based on the characteristics of hydrogeology and engineering geology, the assessment model is established from the perspectives of surface index and underground index. The assessment results show that the high and very high risk levels of surface index exceed 98% in the north region; and high and very high risk levels of underground index exceed 56% in urban center and southern region. The assessment result also shows that about 14% of the urban area belongs to very high risk level; regions of high risk are 20% in urban area, 9% in Changqing County and 43% in Pingyin County. In the high risk region, metro lines R1 to R3, which are under construction, and metro lines L1 to L5, which are planned, have very high and high risk. Therefore, risk control measures are proposed to protect the groundwater seepage path to spring.

Evaluation of Environmental Risk Due to Metro System Construction in Jinan, China.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Guo-Fu; Lyu, Hai-Min; Shen, Jack Shuilong; Lu, Lin-Hai; Li, Gang; Arulrajah, Arul

2017-09-25

Jinan is a famous spring city in China. Construction of underground metro system may block groundwater seepage, inducing the depletion risk of springs. This paper presents an assessment of the risk due to metro line construction to groundwater in Jinan City using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic International System (GIS). Based on the characteristics of hydrogeology and engineering geology, the assessment model is established from the perspectives of surface index and underground index. The assessment results show that the high and very high risk levels of surface index exceed 98% in the north region; and high and very high risk levels of underground index exceed 56% in urban center and southern region. The assessment result also shows that about 14% of the urban area belongs to very high risk level; regions of high risk are 20% in urban area, 9% in Changqing County and 43% in Pingyin County. In the high risk region, metro lines R1 to R3, which are under construction, and metro lines L1 to L5, which are planned, have very high and high risk. Therefore, risk control measures are proposed to protect the groundwater seepage path to spring.

Metro nature, environmental health, and economic value

Science.gov (United States)

Kathleen L. Wolf; Alicia S.T. Robbins

2015-01-01

Background: Nearly 40 years of research provides an extensive body of evidence about human health, well-being, and improved function benefits associated with experiences of nearby nature in cities.Objectives: We demonstrate the numerous opportunities for future research efforts that link metro nature, human health and well-being outcomes,...

Analysis of explosion-induced releases of toxic materials at an environmental restoration project

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bloom, S.G.; Moon, W.H. Jr.

1993-01-01

Prior to 1988, a variety of materials were buried on the US DOE Oak Ridge Reservation. Records of the disposal operations are incomplete and toxic materials may have been placed adjacent to potential explosives. One of the safety concerns in conducting an environmental restoration project at the burial sites, is the possibility of an explosion which could release toxic materials to the atmosphere. A safety analysis examined the consequences of such releases by first postulating an upper bound for the strength of an explosive. A correlation, developed by Steindler and Seefeldt of Argonne National Laboratory, was then used to estimate the amount and particle-size distribution of the material that could become airborne from the explosion. The estimated amount of airborne material was the source term in an atmospheric dispersion model which was used to calculate infinite-time, concentration-time integrals and 5-minute, time- weighted average concentrations at locations down-wind from the explosion. The dispersion model includes particle deposition as a function of particle-size distribution class. The concentration-time integrals and average concentrations were compared to published guidelines to assess the consequences of an accidental explosion

Environmental impact assessment of structural flood mitigation measures by a rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM) technique: a case study in Metro Manila, Philippines.

Science.gov (United States)

Gilbuena, Romeo; Kawamura, Akira; Medina, Reynaldo; Amaguchi, Hideo; Nakagawa, Naoko; Bui, Duong Du

2013-07-01

In recent decades, the practice of environmental impact assessment (EIA) in the planning processes of infrastructure projects has created significant awareness on the benefits of environmentally sound and sustainable urban development around the world. In the highly urbanized megacities in the Philippines, like Metro Manila, high priority is given by the national government to structural flood mitigation measures (SFMM) due to the persistently high frequency of flood-related disasters, which are exacerbated by the on-going effects of climate change. EIA thus, should be carefully and effectively executed to maximize the potential benefits of the SFMM. The common practice of EIA in the Philippines is generally qualitative and lacks clear methodology in evaluating multi-criteria systems. Thus, this study proposes the use of the rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM) technique to provide a method that would systematically and quantitatively evaluate the socio-economic and environmental impacts of planned SFMM in Metro Manila. The RIAM technique was slightly modified to fit the requirements of this study. The scale of impact was determined for each perceived impact, and based on the results, the planned SFMM for Metro Manila will likely bring significant benefits; however, significant negative impacts may also likely occur. The proposed modifications were found to be highly compatible with RIAM, and the results of the RIAM analysis provided a clear view of the impacts associated with the implementation of SFMM projects. This may prove to be valuable in the practice of EIA in the Philippines. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

An Economic Approach to Transportation and Urban Development in Metro Manila

OpenAIRE

Roth, Lars Christian

2001-01-01

High population growth rate in Metro Manila has a direct effect on the intensity of urbanisation and development in the region and population is expected to reach 13 million by the year 2015. Urban congestion is one of the region's most pressing problems as air pollution has a major impact on public health and particularly affects children and the elderly. This study will give a broad description of transportation and urban development in Metro manila and thus contribute to improve the unders...

Enhanced metro MSTP and its applications

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Guangcheng; Qiao, Yang

2005-02-01

With the large-scale application of metro MSTP in recent two years, a lot of problems have emerged inevitably. Some more advanced technologies or mechanisms are needed to deal with the application problems of current version MSTP. RPR and MPLS become new focus of enhanced MSTP"s features and the combination of them will boost maturity and further development of enhanced metro MSTP. The MSTP embedded with RPR and MPLS not only find a solution for perfect transport of TDM service, but also improve the support ability for data traffic and bandwidth utilization. With the help of enhanced MSTP, it"s easy for network carriers to provide a reliable, cost-effective, flexible and competitive transport infrastructure delivering various advanced services. RPR firstly solves the conflict between the transport efficiency and QoS of packet service via some mechanisms such as dual counter-rotating ringlet, statistical multiplexing, bandwidth sharing, topology discovery, fairness control etc. Secondly, RPR guarantees the QoS of subscriber by strict service classification and priority. Thirdly, RPR can provide the carrier-class protection within 50ms. On the other hand, MPLS can solve the lack of VLAN ID by LSP labeling and in addition it offers VPN service for different customers then enhances the SLA. Most of all, MPLS provide cross-networking ability, end-to-end service configuration and QoS guarantee, traffic engineering and network optimization. Enhanced MSTP will be applied in convergence or access layer of metro network first. It could have the function of RPR and MPLS at the same time, the reconciliation sub-layer should adopts GFP or LAPS encapsulation, the mapping granularity can be based on VC-12/VC3/VC4-Xc/v and the LCAS should be supported when the transmission channels are configured by virtual concatenation. Enhanced MSTP can be used to build either a single ring network or multi-ring network for improving the ability and quality of Ethernet transportation and

Differential subsidence in Mexico City and implications to its Collective Transport System (Metro).

Science.gov (United States)

Solano Rojas, D. E.; Wdowinski, S.; Cabral-Cano, E.; Osmanoglu, B.

2017-12-01

Mexico City is one of the fastest subsiding metropolis in the world. At displacement rates ranging from 0 to -380 [mm/yr], the complex geological setting is subjected to differential subsidence, which has led to damage, operation interruptions, and accidents to the Collective Transport System, or Metro. The Metro plays a critical role in Mexico City, carrying more than four million passengers per day. However, no previous study has focused on the deformation monitoring along the 93 km of the Metro surface railways, mainly because of the limitations of the traditional geodetic techniques. In this study, we use high-resolution Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) observations to monitor land subsidence throughout the city and quantify differential subsidence along surface Metro lines. Our analysis is based on 34 TerraSAR-X StripMap scenes acquired from May 2011 to June 2013 and 36 COSMO-SkyMed Stripmap scenes acquired from June 2011 to June 2012. The data were processed using the StaMPS InSAR time series technique, obtaining point densities of up to 4827 points/km2. Our post-processing methodologies include the following two components: (1) Detection of differential subsidence along the metro lines by calculating subsidence gradients, and (2) Detection of apparent uplift—areas subsiding slower than their surroundings—by using spatial frequency filtering. The two analyses allow us to recognize four main consequences of differential subsidence in the Metro system: 1. Deflection in elevated railways, 2. Deflection in street-level railways, 3. Columns with decreased loading capacity, and 4. Apparent uplift affecting surrounding infrastructure. Our results aim at shortening the large gap between scientific geodetic studies and applicable engineering parameters that can be used by local authorities in the city for maintenance and new lines development.

ANALYSIS OF ENERGY SAVING AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ISSUES DURING OPERATION OF THE METRO ROLLING STOCK

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. V. Donchenko

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Purpose.Nowadays a problem of significant power consumption of the rolling stock during its operation is a current issue. In connection with staged electricity rates increase further development of the rail electric transport, including metro rolling stock is impossible without a use of modern energy saving solutions and energy-efficient systems. To solve the specified problem it is necessary to carry out analysis of measures and determine prospective directions in energy saving and increase of energy efficiency on the metro rolling stock. Methodology. Using methods of scientific analysis, generalization, comparative analysis, forecasting and using results of experimental studies, the authors determined main ways for reduction of energy consumption during operation of the metro rolling stock. Energy cost analysis for metro rolling stock of the public utility (PU «Kiev Metro» was carried out. A great number of research works of native and foreign authors concerning the above mentioned problem were analyzed. Findings. Principal directions in energy saving and increase of energy efficiency of the metro rolling stock are implementation of recuperation systems, energy storage systems and energy-efficient control systems. It was determined that implementation of recuperation and energy storage systems helps to save a considerable amount of energy, consumed for traction, but it involves substantial investments. It is pointed out that in current complicated conditions of economic development of Ukraine, use of energy-efficient control systems is a perspective direction in energy saving. Main advantage of this direction is the economic effect obtaining without significant investments. Originality. For the first time was performed potential assessment for energy saving as a result of energy-efficient control systems use at type routine rolling stock operation modes on sections «Khreschatik –Teatralnaya – Khreschatik» and «Shulyavskaya �

Cross Country MetroLink Segment I Business Plan

Science.gov (United States)

1997-12-02

In the St. Louis, Missouri metropolitan area, the East-West Gateway Coordinating : Council decided the route for the first MetroLink extension in the Cross-County : Corridor in September 1997. The next phase, reflected in this paper is develop, : dur...

INVESTIGAÇÃO SOBRE O FUNCIONAMENTO DE UM TERMÔMETRO DIGITAL DE BAIXO CUSTO

OpenAIRE

Pedroso, Luciano Soares; Pimenta Neto, Fabrício; de Araújo, Mauro Sérgio Teixeira

2014-01-01

Apresenta-se nesse artigo o resultado de um ensaio investigativo em laboratório didático sobre o funcionamento de um Termômetro Digital construído com material de baixo custo e de fácil aquisição. Para a montagem do experimento utilizou-se um multímetro digital, bateria e um sensor de temperatura. O Termômetro digital apresentou algumas características adicionais, como robustez, facilidade de construção, baixo custo, e resposta rápida a variações de temperatura. Os resultados dos experimentos...

Medidas automatizadas de psicrômetro de termopar aspirado versus não aspirado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Ribeiro da Cunha

2014-06-01

Full Text Available O termopar ou par termoelétrico é utilizado na obtenção da temperatura do ar com ótima precisão, sensibilidade e com grande vantagem sobre o termômetro de mercúrio ou álcool, pois geram sinais elétricos que podem ser armazenados em sistemas automatizados. No entanto, quando se trata da obtenção da umidade relativa a partir de termopar, o processo se torna mais cauteloso devido a outros fatores envolvidos. Neste estudo, avaliaram-se dois conjuntos psicrômetros de termopar, aspirado e não aspirado, em relação a um conjunto Vaisala, no período de 17 a 31/01/2008 (15 dias. A partir de medidas de temperaturas de bulbos seco e úmido foram obtidas medidas da umidade relativa, e com isso, foi possível compará-las com as medidas obtidas pelo conjunto Vaisala. Os dois tipos de psicrômetros apresentaram precisão e exatidão nas medidas de temperatura do ar, e apenas precisão nas medidas de umidade relativa do ar, sendo que o psicrômetro aspirado foi o mais preciso. Apesar do psicrômetro não aspirado ter apresentado menor precisão nas medidas, ele é mais robusto porque independe do micro-ventilador de 12 VDC, o que faz dele um sensor com menos riscos de medidas inadequadas. Ambos os psicrômetros, aspirado e não aspirado, não medem com exatidão a umidade relativa do ar no período noturno.

Improving the Power Quality in Tehran Metro Line-Two Using the Ant Colony Algorithm

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

H. Ehteshami

2017-12-01

Full Text Available This research aims to survey the improvement of power quality in Tehran metro line 2 using the ant colony algorithm and to investigate all the factors affecting the achievement of this goal. In order to put Tehran on the road of sustainable development, finding a solution for dealing with air pollution is essential. The use of public transportation, especially metro, is one of the ways to achieve this goal. Since the highest share of pollutants in Tehran belongs to cars and mobile sources, relative statistical indicators are estimated through assuming the effect of metro lines development and subsequently reduction of traffic on power quality index.

Diámetro transverso del cerebelo fetal en la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino

OpenAIRE

Salazar de Dugarte, Guillermina

2011-01-01

Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento de la biometría del cerebelo fetal en su diámetro transverso, en los casos con restricción del crecimiento intrauterino. Ambiente: Servicio de Perinatología, Hospital "Dr. Adolfo Prince Lara", Puerto Cabello. Métodos: Estudio transversal, de correlación. En 1 569 fetos se realizó la biometría del diámetro transverso del cerebelo, para la construcción del nomograma del mismo. Se estableció una comparación entre los valores del diámetro transverso del cerebel...

Hybrid Decision-making Method for Emergency Response System of Unattended Train Operation Metro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bobo Zhao

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Suitable selection of the emergency alternatives is a critical issue in emergency response system of Unattended Train Operation (UTO metro system of China. However, there is no available method for dispatcher group in Operating Control Center (OCC to evaluate the decision under emergency situation. It was found that the emergency decision making in UTO metro system is relative with the preferences and the importance of multi-dispatcher in emergency. Regarding these factors, this paper presents a hybrid method to determinate the priority weights of emergency alternatives, which aggregates the preference matrix by constructing the emergency response task model based on the Weighted Ordered Weighted Averaging (WOWA operator. This calculation approach derives the importance weights depending on the dispatcher emergency tasks and integrates it into the Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA operator weights based on a fuzzy membership relation. A case from train fire is given to demonstrate the feasibility and practicability of the proposed methods for Group Multi-Criteria Decision Making (GMCDM in emergency management of UTO metro system. The innovation of this research is paving the way for a systematic emergency decision-making solution which connects the automatic metro emergency response system with the GMCDM theory.

SLEUTH (Strategies and Lessons to Eliminate Unused Toxicants: Help!). Educational Activities on the Disposal of Household Hazardous Waste. Household Hazardous Waste Disposal Project. Metro Toxicant Program Report No. 1D.

Science.gov (United States)

Dyckman, Claire; And Others

This teaching unit is part of the final report of the Household Hazardous Waste Disposal Project. It consists of activities presented in an introduction and three sections. The introduction contains an activity for students in grades 4-12 which defines terms and concepts for understanding household hazardous wastes. Section I provides activities…

MetroBeta: Beta Spectrometry with Metallic Magnetic Calorimeters in the Framework of the European Program of Ionizing Radiation Metrology

Science.gov (United States)

Loidl, M.; Beyer, J.; Bockhorn, L.; Enss, C.; Györi, D.; Kempf, S.; Kossert, K.; Mariam, R.; Nähle, O.; Paulsen, M.; Rodrigues, M.; Schmidt, M.

2018-05-01

MetroBeta is a European project aiming at the improvement of the knowledge of the shapes of beta spectra, both in terms of theoretical calculations and measurements. It is part of a common European program of ionizing radiation metrology. Metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs) with the beta emitter embedded in the absorber have in the past proven to be among the best beta spectrometers, in particular for low-energy beta transitions. Within this project, new designs of MMCs optimized for five different beta energy ranges were developed. A new detector module with thermal decoupling of MMC and SQUID chips was designed. An important aspect of the research and development concerns the source/absorber preparation techniques. Four beta spectra with maximum energies ranging from 76 to 709 keV will be measured. Improved theoretical calculation methods and complementary measurement techniques complete the project.

Rock mass characterization for Copenhagen Metro using face logs

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Sanne Louise; Galsgaard, Jens; Foged, Niels Nielsen

2015-01-01

An extension of the existing Metro in central Copenhagen is currently under construction. We present a comparison of the different field logging techniques available from a large number of borehole logs and face logs carried out during the construction in cooperation with the constructor and client......, describing rock mass characteristics using detailed face logging with geological description and recording of induration and fracturing, giving a field RQD value during excavation, combined with televiewer logs, when available, has shown to be a valuable tool for rock mass characterization compared......’s representatives, which illustrate and approve the applied methods. The new ‘Cityringen’ Metro will consist of two 16 km single track tunnels, with 17 stations and 3 construction and ventilation shafts. The geological ground conditions are dominated by glacial and postglacial deposits overlying Paleocene Greensand...

Network planning study of the metro-optical-network-oriented 3G application

Science.gov (United States)

Gong, Qian; Xu, Rong; Lin, Jin Tong

2005-02-01

To compare with the 2G mobile communication, 3G technologies can supply the perfect service scope and performance. 3G is the trend of the mobile communication. So now to build the transmission network, it is needed to consider how the transmission network to support the 3G applications. For the 3G network architecture, it include the 2 part: Utran access network and core network. So the metro optical network should consider how to build the network to adapt the 3G applications. Include the metro core and access layer. In the metro core, we should consider the network should evolved towards the Mesh architecture with ASON function to realize the fast protection and restoration, quick end-to-end service provision, and high capacity cross-connect matrix etc. In the access layer, the network should have the ability to access the 3G services such as ATM interface with IMA function. In addition, the traffic grooming should be provided to improve the bandwidth utility. In this paper, first we present the MCC network situation, the network planning model will be introduced. Then we present the topology architecture, node capacity and traffic forecast. At last, based on our analysis, we will give a total solution to MCC to build their metro optical network toward to the mesh network with the consideration of 3G services.

QSAR pre-screen of 70,983 substances for genotoxic carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and developmental toxicity in the EU FP7 project ChemScreen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wedebye, Eva Bay; Dybdahl, Marianne; Nikolov, Nikolai Georgiev

2014-01-01

be performed in REACH on known genotoxic carcinogens or germ cell mutagens with appropriate risk management measures implemented, a QSAR pre-screen for genotoxic carcinogenicity, germ cell mutagenicity and (limited) developmental toxicity was included in the project. Predictions for estrogenic and anti...... algorithms were applied to combine the predictions from the individual models to reach overall predictions for genotoxic carcinogenicity, germ cell mutagenicity and developmental toxicity. Furthermore, the full list of REACH pre-registered substances (143,835) was searched for substances containing certain...

Optimal design of the cable metro with unified intermediate supports

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lagerev A.V.

2017-12-01

Full Text Available In article was formulated and solved the problem of conditional nonlinear technical and economic optimization of the distance between intermediate supports, uniform in height, during the design of the cable metro lines in highly urban-ized city environment. The optimization problem involves a single-criterion objective function that expresses the cost of construction of the cable metro line (total cost of intermediate supports and their foundations, traction and carrying steel cables and technical equipment. The specified objective function subject to minimization by finding the optimal combination of the distance between intermediate supports and tension carrying ropes with accounting constructive, modal, structural and planning constraints in the form of nonlinear inequalities. The optimization algorithm was based on the direct method of optimization type, Hooke-Jeeves, which was modified taking into account the need of varying the height of intermediate supports with a constant step equal to the step of unification. When constructing the objective function were considered three possible forms sagging of carrying ropes, which can be implemented for various values of the efforts of their tension. Analysis was done of the influence of the step unification and minimum size of interme-diate supports on their optimum step, the cost of intermediate supports, the cost of 1 km cable metro line for different values of the angle of the longitudinal slope of the surface relief along the cable metro line. The graph of height of uni-fied supports from the angle of the longitudinal slope of the surface relief has discrete-step type. With the increase of the step unify the discreteness increases: the width of the range of angles of the longitudinal slope of the surface relief within which the height of the supports remains constant, increases. The graph of step installation of unified supports along the cable metro line from the angle of the longitudinal

Inferring Social Functions Available in the Metro Station Area from Passengers’ Staying Activities in Smart Card Data

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yang Zhou

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The function of a metro station area is vital for city planners to consider when establishing a context-aware Transit-Oriented Development policy around the station area. However, the functions of metro station areas are hard to infer using the static land use distribution and other traditional survey datasets. In this paper, we propose a method to infer the functions occurring around the metro station catchment areas according to the patterns of staying activities derived from smart card data. We first define the staying activities by the spatial and temporal constraints of the two consecutive alighting and boarding records from the individual travel profile. Then we cluster and label the whole staying activities by considering the features of duration, frequency, and start time. By analyzing the percentage of different types of aggregated activities happening around each metro station, we cluster and explore the functions of the metro station area. Taking Wuhan as a case study, we analyze the results of Wuhan metro systems and discuss the similarities and differences between the functions and the land use distribution around the station area. The results show that although there exist some agreements, there is also a gap between the human activities and the land uses around the station area. These findings could give us deeper insight into how people act around the stations by metro systems, which will ultimately benefit the urban planning and policy development.

Vibrómetro de fibra óptica codificado en frecuencia

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Prudencio, Guillermo

2013-01-01

En el presente proyecto se expone el desarrollo de un vibrómetro basado en fibra óptica. La motivación de este proyecto es el diseño de un sistema capaz de monitorizar las vibraciones de una máquina mediante el uso de tecnología láser y de fibra óptica. Mediante este sistema es posible el cálculo de la frecuencia y amplitud de la vibración de la máquina. El vibrómetro está basado en el principio de interferencia de la luz. Un haz de luz coherente proporcionado por un láser se divide en dos: u...

Optimized Skip-Stop Metro Line Operation Using Smart Card Data

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Peitong Zhang

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Skip-stop operation is a low cost approach to improving the efficiency of metro operation and passenger travel experience. This paper proposes a novel method to optimize the skip-stop scheme for bidirectional metro lines so that the average passenger travel time can be minimized. Different from the conventional “A/B” scheme, the proposed Flexible Skip-Stop Scheme (FSSS can better accommodate spatially and temporally varied passenger demand. A genetic algorithm (GA based approach is then developed to efficiently search for the optimal solution. A case study is conducted based on a real world bidirectional metro line in Shenzhen, China, using the time-dependent passenger demand extracted from smart card data. It is found that the optimized skip-stop operation is able to reduce the average passenger travel time and transit agencies may benefit from this scheme due to energy and operational cost savings. Analyses are made to evaluate the effects of that fact that certain number of passengers fail to board the right train (due to skip operation. Results show that FSSS always outperforms the all-stop scheme even when most passengers of the skipped OD pairs are confused and cannot get on the right train.

Metro Plaza za fasadom Rotermanna / Viktoria Jürmann

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Jürmann, Viktoria

2008-01-01

Pandi nurgakivi Tallinnas Viru väljaku äärde rajatavale büroohoonele Metro Plaza. Säilitatakse vana fassaad, mille tõttu kujuneb hoone Viru väljaku ja Mere puiestee poolsel küljel kaetud galerii jalakäijatele. Projekteerisid Raivo Kotov ja Kaur Stöör

The ''Stadtkante'' building at Dusseldorf. Representative address of the Metro Group; Die Stadtkante in Duesseldorf. Repraesentative Adresse der Metro Group

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zerres, E.

2006-07-01

The 'Stadtkante' building of the Metro Group was commissioned in June 2005. The building houses offices and a shopping mall. It has an aesthetically pleasing architecture and interesting technical features. (orig.)

El daminozide aumenta el diámetro de inflorescencia del crisantemo (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev., cultivar polaris white

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Á. G. Esquivel-Pool

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Se probaron varias concentraciones (1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000 y 5,000 mg·litro-1 de daminozide sobre plantas de crisantemo cv. Polaris White, en maceta y se midieron el incremento del diámetro del tallo, altura de la planta, número de nudos, longitud de entrenudos, diámetro de la inflorescencia, biomasa y área foliar para comparar su efecto contra un testigo. La concentración de 1,000 mg·litro-1 provocó que los tallos incrementaran su diámetro 10.08 % en comparación con el testigo en tanto que con 4,000 mg·litro-1 el diámetro del tallo se redujo 8 %. Los entrenudos disminuyeron su longitud hasta 76 % con 4,000 mg·litro-1 en comparación con el testigo. Concentraciones iguales o mayores a 2,000 mg·litro-1 redujeron hasta en 34.3 % la altura de la planta. El daminozide favoreció el crecimiento de las inflorescencias incrementando su diámetro 31.22 % en promedio

The ChemScreen project to design a pragmatic alternative approach to predict reproductive toxicity of chemicals

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

van der Burg, Bart; Wedebye, Eva Bay; Dietrich, Daniel R.

2015-01-01

to validate the test panel using mechanistic approaches. We are actively engaged in promoting regulatory acceptance of the tools developed as an essential step towards practical application, including case studies for read-across purposes. With this approach, a significant saving in animal use and associated......There is a great need for rapid testing strategies for reproductive toxicity testing, avoiding animal use. The EU Framework program 7 project ChemScreen aimed to fill this gap in a pragmatic manner preferably using validated existing tools and place them in an innovative alternative testing...

Toxic releases from power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rubin, E.S.

1999-01-01

Beginning in 1998, electric power plants burning coal or oil must estimate and report their annual releases of toxic chemicals listed in the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) published by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This paper identifies the toxic chemicals of greatest significance for the electric utility sector and develops quantitative estimates of the toxic releases reportable to the TRI for a representative coal-fired power plant. Key factors affecting the magnitude and types of toxic releases for individual power plants also are discussed. A national projection suggests that the magnitude of electric utility industry releases will surpass those of the manufacturing industries which current report to the TRI. Risk communication activities at the community level will be essential to interpret and provide context for the new TRI results

Latinobarómetro 1997: Principales resultados

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ismael CRESPO

2009-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: El latinobarómetro es quizá la encuesta de opinión pública más importante que, cada año, analiza conjuntamente la realidad latinoamericana y española y que, además, permite la comparación de indicadores entre 18 países. Lo que se nos presenta a continuación son comentarios a los principales resultados extraídos en 1997, comparados con los obtenidos el año anterior, sobre aspectos como el desarrollo político e institucional y el estado de la democracia, junto a otras valoraciones de la realidad económica; ofreciéndonos, con ello, una clara descripción de la evolución de la opinión pública en estos países. Palabras clave: Latinobarómetro, opinión pública.ABSTRACT: The "latin-barometer" is perhaps the most important public opinion survey which analysies the latinamerican and the spanish situation together each year. Moreover it allows the comparition of indicators between eighteen countries. This paper shows the main results obtained during 1997. These results are compared with wihic were obtained on 1996. It comparies issues such as the instituctional and political development and the conditios of democracy; it linked to other valuations of the economic situation. These data offer us a clear description about the evoluction of public opinion in these countries.

Typhoon Haiyan-Induced Storm Surge Simulation in Metro Manila Using High-Resolution LiDAR Topographic Data

Science.gov (United States)

Santiago, J. T.

2015-12-01

Storm surge is the abnormal rise in sea water over and above astronomical tides due to a forthcoming storm. Developing an early warning system for storm surges is vital due to the high level of hazard they might cause. On 08 November 2013, Typhoon Haiyan generated storm surges that killed over 6,000 people in the central part of the Philippines. The Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards under the Department of Science and Technology was tasked to create storm surge hazard maps for the country's coastal areas. The research project aims to generate storm surge hazard maps that can be used for disaster mitigation and planning. As part of the research, the team explored a scenario wherein a tropical cyclone hits the Metro Manila with strength as strong as Typhoon Haiyan. The area was chosen primarily for its political, economic and cultural significance as the country's capital. Using Japan Meteorological Agency Storm Surge model, FLO2D flooding software, LiDAR topographic data, and GIS technology, the effects of a Haiyan-induced tropical cyclone passing through Metro Manila was examined. The population affected, number of affected critical facilities, and potential evacuation sites were identified. The outputs of this study can be used by the authorities as basis for policies that involve disaster risk reduction and management.

Innovations in Advanced Materials and Metals Manufacturing Project (IAM2)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scott, Elizabeth [Columbia River Economic Development Council, Vancouver, WA (United States)

2017-01-06

This project, under the Jobs and Innovation Accelerator Challenge, Innovations in Advanced Materials and Metals Manufacturing Project, contracted with Cascade Energy to provide a shared energy project manager engineer to work with five different companies throughout the Portland metro grant region to implement ten energy efficiency projects and develop a case study to analyze the project model. As a part of the project, the energy project manager also looked into specific new technologies and methodologies that could change the way energy is consumed by manufacturers—from game-changing equipment and technology to monitor energy use to methodologies that change the way companies interact and use their machines to reduce energy consumption.

Metro de Washington EE.UU.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Weese, Harry

1979-09-01

Full Text Available This article describes the works involved in the first stage of the Washington Underground (Subway system which was begun in 1969 and scheduled for completion in 1983 and is the most modern metropolitan railway in North America. Lines have double track and will carry three million passengers daily. Different construction methods have been used throughout: tunnel formed try digging a trench then roofed and covered, excavated tunnel and elevated structures. Stations features answer to the strictest demands, provided with closed circuit television, air conditioning, noise dampening Systems, special access ways, fire protection Systems and automatic traffic control. Special attention is given to the two bridges over the Pentagon and over the Anacostia, pointing out their differences and the elevated structure at the National Airport.

Se describen en este articulo los trabajos de la primera fase del Metro de Washington que, iniciado en el año 1969 será, a su terminación en el año 1983, el más moderno sistema de ferrocarril metropolitano de Norte América. Es de doble carril y servirá para tres millones de usuarios. Se han empleado distintos sistemas de obra en su realización: túnel artificial realizado mediante una zanja que después se cubre; túnel perforado, y estructuras aéreas. Las características de las estaciones responden a las mayores exigencias, pues tienen circuito cerrado de televisión, aire acondicionado, sistemas para atenuar el ruido, accesos especiales, sistema de protección contra el fuego y control automático del Metro. Se estudian de un modo particular: los dos puentes sobre el Pentágono y el Anacostia, señalando sus diferencias y la estructura aérea del Aeropuerto Nacional.

Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Dan Nilai Pelanggan Terhadap Kepuasan Dan Loyalitas Pelanggan Trans Metro Pekanbaru

OpenAIRE

Harpadeles, Ian; ', Jushermi; Nursanti, Aida

2016-01-01

This study aims to measure the impact of service quality and customer value on customer satisfaction and loyalty Trans Metro Pekanbaru. The population in this study is the Trans Metro Pekanbaru customers with a total sample of 100 respondents, using purposive sampling technique. Analysis of data using path analysis with SPSS version 17.0. The results showed that the variables of service quality significantly influence customer satisfaction. Customer value significantly influence customer sati...

QSAR screening of 70,983 REACH substances for genotoxic carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and developmental toxicity in the ChemScreen project

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wedebye, Eva Bay; Dybdahl, Marianne; Nikolov, Nikolai Georgiev

2015-01-01

The ChemScreen project aimed to develop a screening system for reproductive toxicity based on alternative methods. QSARs can, if adequate, contribute to the evaluation of chemical substances under REACH and may in some cases be applied instead of experimental testing to fill data gaps...... for information requirements. As no testing for reproductive effects should be performed in REACH on known genotoxic carcinogens or germ cell mutagens with appropriate risk management measures implemented, a QSAR pre-screen for 70,983 REACH substances was performed. Sixteen models and three decision algorithms...... were used to reach overall predictions of substances with potential effects with the following result: 6.5% genotoxic carcinogens, 16.3% mutagens, 11.5% developmental toxicants. These results are similar to findings in earlier QSAR and experimental studies of chemical inventories, and illustrate how...

MODIFICACIÓN DE OLFATÓMETROS DE CUATRO BRAZOS PARA EXPERIMENTACIÓN EN BROCA DEL CAFÉ, HYPOTHENEMUS HAMPEI FERRARI (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arturo Pacheco

2012-01-01

tratamiento en cada olfatómetro. En el olfatómetro de 90° los insectos se vieron claramente atraídos al brazo que contenía el atrayente, con un porcentaje del 45%, mientras que el olfatómetro de 30° tan solo alcanzó un 1,5% de atracción. Las observaciones realizadas durante estas pruebas dejaron en evidencia que las estrategias de ingreso de los insectos a los olfatómetros y el área de ambientación influyeron de manera importante en estos resultados. En una segunda etapa se evaluó el olfatómetro de 90º, al comparar los promedios de atracción de cada uno de sus 4 brazos, y se verificó que las diferencias de atracción en cada brazo no fueron significativas (p<=0,05. Se concluye que el diseño del olfatómetro de 90º es apropiado para realizar pruebas de atracción a compuestos volátiles en hembras adultas de H. hampei.

Rubbertown Next Generation Emission Measurement Demonstration Project Provides Innovative Approaches to Protecting Air Quality

Science.gov (United States)

EPA and the Louisville Metro Air Pollution Control District (LMAPCD) are working together on a research project to demonstrate NGEM approaches near facilities in the Rubbertown industrial area of Louisville, KY.

The economic cost of air pollution in Mangaung metro municipality ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The economic cost of air pollution in Mangaung metro municipality: A case study in South Africa. ... the significance of air quality, to value the benefits of air pollution control ... Key words: Air pollution, air quality, workdays lost, mitigating cost.

Beheersstrategiën Amstelveenlijn voor integratie tram en metro

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Muller, T.H.J.; Hakkesteegt, P.

1987-01-01

Rapport in opdracht van GVB Amsterdam. In deze studie is nagegaan of het mogelijk is de diensten op de Amstelveenlijn in de richting CS, die deels voeren over het metrotrajekt, zo uit te voeren, dat invoegen op de halte Spaklerweg mogelijk is zonder hinder voor de metro-exploitatie. De centrale

Metro-Wordle: An Interactive Visualization for Urban Text Distributions Based on Wordle

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chenlu Li

2018-03-01

Full Text Available With the development of cities and the explosion of information, vast amounts of geo-tagged textural data about Points of Interests (POIs have been generated. Extracting useful information and discovering text spatial distributions from the data are challenging and meaningful. Also, the huge numbers of POIs in modern cities make it important to have efficient approaches to retrieve and choose a destination. This paper provides a visual design combing metro map and wordles to meet the needs. In this visualization, metro lines serve as the divider lines splitting the city into several subareas and the boundaries to constrain wordles within each subarea. The wordles are generated from keywords extracted from the text about POIs (including reviews, descriptions, etc. and embedded into the subareas based on their geographical locations. By generating intuitive results and providing an interactive visualization to support exploring text distribution patterns, our strategy can guide the users to explore urban spatial characteristics and retrieve a location efficiently. Finally, we implement a visual analysis of the restaurants data in Shanghai, China as a case study to evaluate our strategy. Keywords: Text visualization, Location retrieval, Urban data, Metro map, Word cloud

A toxicity reduction evaluation for an oily waste treatment plant exhibiting episodic effluent toxicity.

Science.gov (United States)

Erten-Unal, M; Gelderloos, A B; Hughes, J S

1998-07-30

A Toxicity Reduction Evaluation (TRE) was conducted on the oily wastewater treatment plant (Plant) at a Naval Fuel Depot. The Plant treats ship and ballast wastes, berm water from fuel storage areas and wastes generated in the fuel reclamation plant utilizing physical/chemical treatment processes. In the first period of the project (Period I), the TRE included chemical characterization of the plant wastewaters, monitoring the final effluent for acute toxicity and a thorough evaluation of each treatment process and Plant operating procedures. Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) procedures were performed as part of the overall TRE to characterize and identify possible sources of toxicity. Several difficulties were encountered because the effluent was saline, test organisms were marine species and toxicity was sporadic and unpredictable. The treatability approach utilizing enhancements, improved housekeeping, and operational changes produced substantial reductions in the acute toxicity of the final effluent. In the second period (Period II), additional acute toxicity testing and chemical characterization were performed through the Plant to assess the long-term effects of major unit process improvements for the removal of toxicity. The TIE procedures were also modified for saline wastewaters to focus on suspected class of toxicants such as surfactants. The TRE was successful in reducing acute toxicity of the final effluent through process improvements and operational modifications. The results indicated that the cause of toxicity was most likely due to combination of pollutants (matrix effect) rather than a single pollutant.

Análisis de parámetros objetivos y subjetivos en Pre-Amplificadores de Audio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javier A. Beltrán Bríñez

2014-03-01

Full Text Available El siguiente artículo explica los resultados de las mediciones en cinco (5 diferentes pre-amplificadores, entre estado sólido y válvulas al vacío, de parámetros objetivos de THD –Análisis de Fourier- y función de transferencia, y parámetros subjetivos de calidez y brillo, en una muestra no probabilística de expertos con ingenieros de grabación que cuentan con una experiencia entre quince (15 y veinticinco (25 años, con el fin de encontrar una correspondencia directa entre estos parámetros y determinar qué elementos electrónicos están relacionados con la percepción auditiva de calidez y brillo en una grabación realizada con estos dispositivos.

Principales parámetros para el estudio de la colaboración científica en Big Science

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ortoll, Eva

2014-12-01

Full Text Available In several scientific disciplines research has shifted from experiments of a reduced scale to large and complex collaborations. Many recent scientific achievements like the human genome sequencing or the discovery of the Higgs boson have taken place within the “big science” paradigm. The study of scientific collaboration needs to take into account all the diverse factors that have an influence on it. In the case of big science experiments, some of those aspects are particularly important: number of institutions involved, cultural differences, diversity of spaces and infrastructures or the conceptualization of research problems. By considering these specific factors we present a set of parameters for the analysis of scientific collaboration in big science projects. The utility of these parameters is illustrated through a comparative study of two large big science projects: the ATLAS experiment and the Human Genome Project.En varias áreas de la ciencia se ha pasado de trabajar en experimentos reducidos a participar en grandes y complejas colaboraciones. Muchos de los grandes avances científicos recientes como la secuenciación del genoma humano o el descubrimiento del bosón de Higgs se enmarcan en el paradigma denominado big science. El estudio de la colaboración científica debe tener en cuenta los factores de todo tipo que influyen en dicha colaboración. Los experimentos de big science inciden especialmente en algunos de estos aspectos: volumen de instituciones implicadas, diferencias culturales, diversidad de espacios e infraestructuras o la propia conceptualización del problema de investigación. Atendiendo a estas particularidades, en este trabajo presentamos un conjunto de parámetros para el análisis de la colaboración científica en proyectos big science. Ilustramos la utilidad de esos parámetros mediante un estudio comparativo de dos grandes proyectos de big science: el experimento ATLAS y el Proyecto Genoma Humano.

Understanding toxicity at the watershed scale : design of the Syncrude Sandhill Fen watershed research project

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wytrykush, C.

2010-01-01

Fens are peat-accumulating wetlands with a water table consisting of mineral-rich ground or surface water. This study discussed the construction of a fen-type reclaimed wetland constructed in a post-mining oil sands landscape. Syncrude Canada's Sandhill fen watershed project represents the first attempt at constructing a fen wetland in the oil sands region. The wetland and its watershed will be constructed on a soft tailings deposit. The design basis for the fen and watershed was developed by a team of researchers and scientists. The aim of the fen design was to control the salinity caused by tailings consolidation and seepage over time. Methods of mitigating potentially toxic effects from salinity were discussed.

Value of Clean Water Resources: Estimating the Water Quality Improvement in Metro Manila, Philippines

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shokhrukh-Mirzo Jalilov

2017-12-01

Full Text Available While having many positive impacts, a tremendous economic performance and rapid industrial expansion over the last decades in the Philippines has had negative effects that have resulted in unfavorable hydrological and ecological changes in most urban river systems and has created environmental problems. Usually, these effects would not be part of a systematic assessment of urban water benefits. To address the issue, this study investigates the relationship between poor water quality and resident’s willingness to pay (WTP for improved water quality in Metro Manila. By employing a contingent valuation method (CVM, this paper estimates the benefits of the provision of clean water quality (swimmable and fishable in waterbodies of Metro Manila for its residents. Face-to-face interviews were completed with 240 randomly selected residents. Residents expressed a mean WTP of PHP102.44 (USD2.03 for a swimmable water quality (good quality and a mean WTP of PHP102.39 (USD2.03 for fishable water quality (moderate quality. The aggregation of this mean willingness-to-pay value amounted to annual economic benefits from PHP9443 billion to PHP9447 billion (approx. USD190 million per year for all taxpayers in Metro Manila. As expected, these estimates could inform local decision-makers about the benefits of future policy interventions aimed at improving the quality of waterbodies in Metro Manila.

Influencia de los parámetros de proceso, en el comportamiento del parámetro vibración absoluta en turbinas de vapor. // Influence of process parameters of the behaviour of absolute vibration parameters in steam turbine.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F. de la Torre Silva

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo muestra el estudio realizado en turbinas de vapor de pequeña capacidad de generación de las centralestermoeléctricas cubanas, relacionadas con la influencia estadística entre parámetros de proceso de la turbina, respecto alparámetro vibración absoluta, medidos en las chumaceras de la turbina. Se utilizan las bases de datos de los sistemas demonitoreado on-line de la turbina. Se exponen las relaciones existentes entre los principales parámetros seleccionados paraeste estudio.Palabras claves: Monitorado on-line, Monitorado de la condición, Parámetros de proceso, Vibraciónabsoluta, Turbinas de vapor.______________________________________________________________________________AbstractThis work show the estudy in small steam turbine capacity of generation in cubans thermoelectric power station to relative withstatistical influence between steam process parameters regarding absolute vibration parameter, in the steam housing measurements.Themselves use database as steam on-line monitoring systems. Expose the existing relation between the principal selection parametersfor this study.Key Words: On.line monitoring, Condition monitoring, Process parameters, Absolute vibration, SteamTurbine.

Future Scenarios for Software-Defined Metro and Access Networks and Software-Defined Photonics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tommaso Muciaccia

2017-01-01

Full Text Available In recent years, architectures, devices, and components in telecommunication networks have been challenged by evolutionary and revolutionary factors which are drastically changing the traffic features. Most of these changes imply the need for major re-configurability and programmability not only in data-centers and core networks, but also in the metro-access segment. In a wide variety of contexts, this necessity has been addressed by the proposed introduction of the innovative paradigm of software-defined networks (SDNs. Several solutions inspired by the SDN model have been recently proposed also for metro and access networks, where the adoption of a new generation of software-defined reconfigurable integrated photonic devices is highly desirable. In this paper, we review the possible future application scenarios for software-defined metro and access networks and software-defined photonics (SDP, on the base of analytics, statistics, and surveys. This work describes the reasons underpinning the presented radical change of paradigm and summarizes the most significant solutions proposed in literature, with a specific emphasis to physical-layer reconfigurable networks and a focus on both architectures and devices.

Toxicity of systems for energy generation and storage

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bhattacharyya, M.H.

1979-01-01

This section contains summaries of research on assessment of health and environmental effects of electric storage systems, and the metabolism and toxicity of metal compounds associated with energy production and storage. The first project relates to the production and use of electric storage battery systems. The second project deals with the effects of pregnancy and lactation on the gastrointestinal absorption, tissue distribution, and toxic effects of metals (Cd). Also included in this study is work on the absorption of actinides ( 239 Pu)

Lixiviação de aldicarbe em macrolisímetros de dois Latossolos Aldicarb leaching in macrolysimeters of two Latosols

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nélio Ricardo Amaral Castro

2005-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a lixiviação do inseticida aldicarbe em macrolisímetros contendo material indeformado dos solos Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico (LVdf e Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico (LVAd, em condições de campo. Uma formulação granulada de aldicarbe foi aplicada na dose recomendada, a 5 cm de profundidade, em lisímetros de 1,0 m de diâmetro e 0,45 e 0,90 m de profundidade, no início do período chuvoso. Nos cinco meses seguintes, o volume de água percolada nos lisímetros foi medido e amostras de água foram analisadas por cromatografia gás-líquido para a determinação da concentração de resíduos do composto. Os resíduos de aldicarbe e de seus produtos de oxidação ativos, sulfóxido e sulfona de aldicarbe, foram conjuntamente determinados na forma de sulfona de aldicarbe. Houve alta mobilidade dos resíduos de aldicarbe nos solos, porém, a intensa degradação desses resíduos resultou em sua lixiviação em quantidades relativamente baixas, a profundidades abaixo de 0,45 m (4,9% e 5,9% no LVdf e LVAd, respectivamente; na água percolada nos lisímetros de 0,90 m foram detectados resíduos apenas no LVdf. O risco de contaminação do lençol freático nos solos estudados, caracterizados como muito profundos, é mínimo.The objective of this work was to evaluate the leaching of aldicarb in macrolysimeters containing undisturbed soil material of a distroferric Red Latosol and of a distrofic Red Yellow Latosol, under field conditions. A granular formulation of the aldicarb pesticide was applied at the recommended rate, at 5 cm depth, in soil columns of 1.0 m diameter by 0.45 and 0.90 m long, at the beginning of the rainy season. The volume of percolated water in each lysimeter was measured during the subsequent five months, and water samples were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography for the determination of the pesticide residues concentration. Residues of aldicarb and its toxic transformation

Protótipo do primeiro interferômetro brasileiro - BDA

Science.gov (United States)

Cecatto, J. R.; Fernandes, F. C. R.; Neri, J. A. C. F.; Bethi, N.; Felipini, N. S.; Madsen, F. R. H.; Andrade, M. C.; Soares, A. C.; Alonso, E. M. B., Sawant, H. S.

2004-04-01

A interferometria é uma poderosa ferramenta usada para investigar estruturas espaciais de fontes astrofísicas fornecendo uma riqueza de detalhes inatingível pelas técnicas convencionais de imageamento. Em particular, a interferometria com ondas de rádio abre o horizonte de conhecimento do Universo nesta ampla banda do espectro eletromagnético, que vai de cerca de 20 kHz até centenas de GHz já próximo ao infravermelho, e que está acessível a partir de instrumentos instalados em solo. Neste trabalho, apresentamos o interferômetro designado por Arranjo Decimétrico Brasileiro (BDA). Trata-se do primeiro interferômetro a ser desenvolvido no Brasil e América Latina que já está em operação na fase de protótipo. Apresentamos o desenvolvimento realizado até o momento, o sítio de instalação do instrumento, o protótipo e os principais resultados dos testes de sua operação, as perspectivas futuras e a ciência a ser desenvolvida com o instrumento nas fases II e III. Neste trabalho é dada ênfase ao desenvolvimento, testes de operação e principais resultados do protótipo. É discutida brevemente a ciência que pode ser feita com o instrumento. Tanto os detalhes técnicos quanto os principais parâmetros estimados para o instrumento nas próximas fases de desenvolvimento e o desempenho do protótipo serão publicados em breve.

The evaluation of radiation level and dose of workers in Guangzhou metro line 1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Lin; Hu Canyun; Meng Xiaolian; He Zhan

2006-01-01

Objective: To find out the level of radiation and effective dose of workers in Guangzhou Metro line 1. Methods: In metro stations, external Gamma-ray exposure rates were obtained by FD-71A radiance measurer, 222 Rn and 220 Rn concentrations were obtained by using Rn-Tn solid state nuclear track detectors developed by The National Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Chinese Centre for Disease Control. The annual Effective dose from Gamma, 222 Rn and 220 Rn were calculated. Results: The external Gamma-ray exposure average rate is 17.74 x 10 -8 Gy/h. The average concentration of 222 Rn is 59.8 Bq/m 3 . The average concentration of 220 Rn is 32.1 Bq/m 3 . The total annual effective dose from Gamma, 222 Rn and 220 Rn is 2.878 mSv/a. Conclusion: In the stations of Guangzhou in metro line 1, no more effective radiation dose to the workers has measured. (authors)

Toxic combustion products from pesticide fires. Executive summary

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Molag, M.; Bartelds, H.; Weger, D. de

1992-01-01

In order to obtain reliable data on the generation of toxic combustion products and to get more insight into the risks of fires in pesticide warehouses TNO performed the research project 'Toxic combustion products from pesticide fires'. The following research activities have been performed during

Forecasting of passenger traffic in Moscow metro applying artificial neural networks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ivanov, V.V.; Natsional'nyj Issledovatel'skij Yadernyj Univ. MIFI, Moscow; FKU Rostransmodernizatsiya, Moscow

2016-01-01

Methods for the forecasting of passenger traffic in Moscow metro have been developed using artificial neural networks. To this end, the factors primarily determining passenger traffic in the subway have been analyzed and selected [ru

Diâmetro de estacas e substratos na propagação vegetativa de maniçoba, Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg

OpenAIRE

Ferreira,Leonardo Elias; Andrade,Leonaldo Alves de; Gonçalves,Gerlandio Suassuna; Souza,Eliziete Pereira de; Ferreira,Heriverta Virgínio

2010-01-01

Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar a influência do diâmetro das estacas e dos substratos na propagação vegetativa de maniçoba, Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 10 x 3, sendo 10 substratos e 3 diâmetros de estacas, totalizando 30 tratamentos, oriundos das combinações entre substratos e diâmetros de estacas, com 4 repetições e 8 estacas por parcela. Os diâmetros das estacas corresponderam a: 0,5 a 1,0 cm (D1); 1,1 a 2,0 cm (...

2015 TRI National Analysis: Toxics Release Inventory Releases at Various Summary Levels

Science.gov (United States)

The TRI National Analysis is EPA's annual interpretation of TRI data at various summary levels. It highlights how toxic chemical wastes were managed, where toxic chemicals were released and how the 2015 TRI data compare to data from previous years. This dataset reports US state, county, large aquatic ecosystem, metro/micropolitan statistical area, and facility level statistics from 2015 TRI releases, including information on: number of 2015 TRI facilities in the geographic area and their releases (total, water, air, land); population information, including populations living within 1 mile of TRI facilities (total, minority, in poverty); and Risk Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) model related pounds, toxicity-weighted pounds, and RSEI score. The source of administrative boundary data is the 2013 cartographic boundary shapefiles. Location of facilities is provided by EPA's Facility Registry Service (FRS). Large Aquatic Ecosystems boundaries were dissolved from the hydrologic unit boundaries and codes for the United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It was revised for inclusion in the National Atlas of the United States of America (November 2002), and updated to match the streams file created by the USGS National Mapping Division (NMD) for the National Atlas of the United States of America.

Variability of levels and composition of PM10 and PM2.5 in the Barcelona metro system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

E. de Miguel

2012-06-01

Full Text Available From an environmental perspective, the underground metro system is one of the cleanest forms of public transportation in urban agglomerations. Current studies report contradicting results regarding air quality in the metro systems: whereas some reveal poor air quality, others report PM levels which are lower or of the same order of magnitude than those measured in traffic sites above ground level. The present work assesses summer and winter indoor air quality and passenger exposure in the Barcelona metro, focusing on PM levels and their metal contents. In addition, the impact on indoor air quality of platform screen door systems (automated systems consisting of closed rail track and platforms is evaluated, to determine whether these systems reduce passenger exposure to PM when compared with conventional systems (open tracks and platforms. In the Barcelona metro PM levels inside the trains in summer are amongst the lowest reported for worldwide metro systems (11–32 μg m−3 PM2.5. This is most likely due to the air conditioning system working in all carriages of the Barcelona metro during the whole year. Levels were considerably higher on the platforms, reaching mean levels of 46 and 125 μg m3 in the new (L9 and old (L3 lines, respectively. PM10 data are also reported in the present study, but comparison with other metro systems is difficult due to the scarcity of data compared with PM2.5. Results showed distinct PM daily cycles, with a drastic increase from 06:00 to 07:00 a.m., a diurnal maximum from 07:00 to 10:00 p.m., and marked decrease between 10:00 p.m. and 05:00 a.m. The elements with the highest enrichment were those associated with wheel or brake abrasion products (Ba, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Sb, As, Mo, Co, Sr, among others. Laminar hematite (Fe2O3 was the dominant particle type, being mainly originated by mechanical abrasion of the rail track and wheels. Regarding passenger exposure to PM, the contribution of commuting by metro was

Harmonizing human exposure and toxicity characterization

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fantke, Peter; Jolliet, O.; McKone, T.E.

2017-01-01

The UNEP-SETAC Life Cycle Initiative has launched a project to provide global guidance and build consensus on environmental life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) indicators. Human health effects from exposure to toxic chemicals was selected as impact category due to high relevance of human toxicity...... and harmonizing human toxicity characterization in LCIA. Building on initial work for the far-field and indoor air environments, and combining it with latest work on near-field consumer and occupational exposure assessment, dose-response and severity data, we aim at providing revised guidance on the development...... and use of impact factors for toxic chemicals. We propose to couple fate processes in consumer and occupational environments with existing environmental compartments and processes via a consistent and mass balance-based set of transfer fractions to quantify overall aggregated exposure to toxic substances...

Dissatisfaction with Democracy: Evidence from the Latinobarómetro 2005 Insatisfacción con la Democracia: Evidencia de Latinobarómetro 2005

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Brian J. L. Berry

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Data for 17 Latin American countries collected by Latinobarómetro 2005 reveal that dissatisfaction with democracy is a sign of progress. Political stability and increased governmental effectiveness enable the better-educated leftish young to express their feelings without fear of repression and violence, which is particularly notable in countries least connected into the global economy, where inequality remains high. Dissatisfaction is thus an indicator of political modernization running ahead of progress in the economic sphere. Datos de 17 países Latinoamericanos recolectados por Latinobarómetro 2005 revelan que la insatisfacción con la democracia es un signo de progreso. La  estabilidad política y la mejor efectividad gubernamental permite a los jovenes de izquierda mejor educados a expresar sus sentimientos sin el temor de represión y violencia, que es particularmente notable en países que están menos conectados en la economía global, donde la desigualdad permanece alta. La insatisfacción es por tanto un indicador de la modernización política que va adelante del progreso en la esfera económica.

Evaluating accessibility to Bangkok Metro Systems using multi-dimensional criteria across user groups

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Duangporn Prasertsubpakij

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Metro systems act as fast and efficient transport systems for many modern metropolises; however, enhancing higher usage of such systems often conflicts with providing suitable accessibility options. The traditional approach of metro accessibility studies seems to be an ineffective measure to gage sustainable access in which the equal rights of all users are taken into account. Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR transportation has increasingly relied on the role of two mass rapid transport systems publicly called “BTS Skytrain” and “MRT Subway”, due to limited availability of land and massive road congestion; however, access to such transit arguably treats some vulnerable groups, especially women, the elderly and disabled people unfairly. This study constructs a multi-dimensional assessment of accessibility considerations to scrutinize how user groups access metro services based on BMR empirical case. 600 individual passengers at various stations were asked to rate the questionnaire that simultaneously considers accessibility aspects of spatial, feeder connectivity, temporal, comfort/safety, psychosocial and other dimensions. It was interestingly found by user disaggregated accessibility model that the lower the accessibility perceptions—related uncomfortable and unsafe environment conditions, the greater the equitable access to services, as illustrated by MRT — Hua Lumphong and MRT — Petchaburi stations. The study suggests that, to balance the access priorities of groups on services, policy actions should emphasize acceptably safe access for individuals, cost efficient feeder services connecting the metro lines, socioeconomic influences and time allocation. Insightful discussions on integrated approach balancing different dimensions of accessibility and recommendations would contribute to accessibility-based knowledge and potential propensity to use the public transits towards transport sustainability.

Polyaluminium chloride (PAX-18) - acute toxicity and toxicity for early development stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Mácová, S.; Máchová, J.; Prokeš, Miroslav; Plhalová, L.; Široká, Z.; Dlesková, K.; Doleželová, P.; Svobodová, Z.

2009-01-01

Roč. 30, Suppl. 1 (2009), s. 192-198 ISSN 0172-780X. [Interdisciplinary Czech-Slovak Toxicological Conference /14./. Brno, 01.06.2009-03.06.2009] R&D Projects: GA MZe QH71305 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60930519 Keywords : fish * acute toxicity test * embryo-larval toxicity test * pH Subject RIV: GL - Fishing Impact factor: 1.047, year: 2009 http://node.nel.edu/?node_id=9497

Studies of radiation and chemical toxicity. Progress report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1986-01-01

Annual report for the Studies of Radiation and Chemical Toxicity Program at the University of Rochester is presented. Progress is reported on four projects: Neurobehavorial Toxicity of Organometallic Fuel Additives, Mechanisms of Permanent and Delayed Pathologic Effects of Ionizing Radiation, Solid State Radiation Chemistry of the DNA Backbone, and Pulmonary Biochemistry

Audiotermômetro: um termômetro para a inclusão de estudantes com deficiência visual

OpenAIRE

Cordova, Hercílio P.; Aguiar, Carlos E.; Amorim, Helio S. de; Sathler, Karla Silene O. M.; Santos, Antônio Carlos F. dos

2017-01-01

Neste trabalho apresentamos os detalhes técnicos de construção de um termômetro em que as medidas de temperatura são audíveis. Inicialmente planejado para atender estudantes com deficiência visual em atividades práticas de termometria, o projeto se mostra perfeitamente adaptável para medir uma variedade de outras grandezas físicas. O projeto é baseado na placa Arduino Uno e no escudo (shield) para Arduino dedicado a reprodução de arquivos de som (Arduino MP3 shield player). A medida da temper...

Examination of accessibility for disabled people at metro stations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Evren Burak Enginöz

2016-07-01

enforcements, as well as insufficient user’s knowledge cause our cities inaccessible. Therefore, we have to increase the awareness of our community on accessible city life and transportation systems rather than make laws and hope for recovery. In this context, a case study is intended to examine the approaches on barrier-free design and level of accessibility at metro stations in Turkey. With the scope of this case study, current informative, stimulating and guiding regulations, vertical and horizontal implementations on circulation areas at metro stations are examined by an accessible design control list Accessible design control list consists of 28 questions that have been selected from Turkish Ministry of Family and Social Policies-People with Disabilities and Elderly General Service Accessibility check Lists and Turkish World Handicapped Foundation- Outdoors and Indoors Accessibility Check Lists. With the help of question we can examine the passengers’ expectations on the quality of informative, stimulating and guiding signboards at entrance, circulations and surroundings of metro stations; except the legislations related to the product sizes and constraints that designers or professionals have to obey The questions are answered by disabled passengers who use Kadıkoy Ayrılık Cesme main transmission metro station. Disabled passengers are divided into two subject groups. First subject group consist of 5 visually impaired and partially impaired people. The second subject group consist of 7 wheelchair users. Experimentally, asked all the subject groups to make a journey beginning from the entrance of metro station to the train platforms without getting any help. After they completed their journey, they were requested to answer the questions of control list and describe the positive and negative situations from their experiences. According to the result of examining the approaches on barrier-free design and the level of accessibility at Ayrılıkcesme main transmission

URBANISASI, MODERNISASI DAN PERUBAHAN SOSIAL PADA KOMUNITAS LOKAL PERKOTAAN: KASUS KOTA BARU METRO TANJUNG BUNGA, MAKASSAR

OpenAIRE

Batara Surya

2016-01-01

This study aims to analyze the spatial physical changes in working as a determinant of social formation changes, processes of social interaction and social adaptation between migrants and local communities in new social formations and consequences of changes in social structure, social processes and cultural patterns of local communities in the Metro Tanjung Bunga area interest. Spatial physical changes take very quickly encourage the acceleration of development and modernization in the Metro...

Coeficiente de repetibilidade e parâmetros genéticos em capim-elefante

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcelo Cavalcante

2012-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os coeficientes de repetibilidade de caracteres morfofisiológicos em genótipos de capim-elefante (Pennisetum spp., a partir de dados obtidos durante seis ciclos de avaliação. Foram estimados: número mínimo de medições e parâmetros genéticos. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro níveis de N (controle, 30, 60 e 90 kg ha‑1 por corte e 16 genótipos de Pennisetum (11 híbridos interespecíficos e cinco cultivares. Os ciclos consistiram de avaliações em 2010 (21/4, 19/7 e 28/9 e 2011 (6/1, 7/4 e 3/8. Os coeficientes de repetibilidade foram de média‑alta magnitude para todas as variáveis, o que indica que houve regularidade entre as medidas repetidas. Para as variáveis massa de forragem, altura da planta, comprimento e largura da folha, diâmetro do colmo, clorose e índice de área foliar, três ciclos de avaliação são suficientes para obter R² de 90%, pela análise de componentes principais. Para o comprimento do entrenó, o mínimo de sete avaliações é necessário para predizer o valor real dos genótipos. Os parâmetros genéticos das variáveis massa de forragem, comprimento e largura da folha, diâmetro do colmo e clorose foliar são de alta magnitude, o que favorece a seleção de genótipos superiores de Pennisetum.

EL USO DE Enterococcus faecium MEJORA PARÁMETROS PRODUCTIVOS EN POLLOS DE ENGORDE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. A. Chavez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El consumo de probióticos se ha asociado con mejoras en algunos parámetros productivos como la conversión alimenticia y la ganancia de peso vivo, lo que se ve reflejado en el desarrollo y salud de las aves. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la influencia de la inclusión de cepas probióticas en la alimentación de pollos de engorde sobre parámetros productivos de importancia económica. Se utilizaron 180 pollos machos (Cobb de un día de edad, alimentados con cinco dietas: dieta comercial con y sin la adición de antibióticos, y a esta última se le adicionó una de tres diferentes cepas probióticas (Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus o Enterococcus faecium en el agua de bebida (108 UFC/ml durante 42 días. Se evaluaron parámetros zootécnicos: consumo de alimento, peso corporal, conversón alimenticia (CA y ganancia de peso (GDP; e indicadores productivos: supervivencia, factor de eficiencia americana (FEA, índice productivo (IP, eficiencia europea (EE y eficiencia alimenticia (EA. El diseño estadístico utilizado fue de bloques al azar. La inclusión de probióticos, específicamente E. faecium, mejoró parámetros productivos (P < 0,05 como peso (2.730 g, conversión (1,55, GDP (53,59 g/día, FEA (172, IP (393, EE (400 y EA (63,11%. Por todo lo anterior, la utilización de probióticos, especialmente E. faecium, puede ser considerada como factor promotor de crecimiento durante todo el ciclo de producción del ave debido a que demostró tener efectos positivos, tanto en el desempeño productivo, como en el rendimiento económico del lote.

CALIBRAÇÃO DE ERROS SISTEMÁTICOS EM ACELERÔMETROS MEMS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stefanie Von Randow de Souza

Full Text Available Os sensores inerciais MEMS de baixo custo apresentam grandes vantagens para diversas aplicações em navegação, porém estes dispositivos são caracterizados por diversos tipos de erros. Através de procedimentos específicos como a calibração é possível obter resultados com melhor acurácia. Neste artigo utilizou-se o Método de Calibração Multi-Posições Modificado, que permite determinar erros sistemáticos, tais como deriva, erro de fator de escala e de não-ortogonalidade. O método, o procedimento e as equações desta calibração são brevemente descritos. Primeiramente foi realizada a calibração com diferentes acelerômetros. O desempenho dos parâmetros de calibração foi verificado por meio de um teste em campo, comparando as trajetórias calculadas pelas acelerações antes e após as correções. Após a correção das acelerações com os parâmetros de calibração, foram verificadas algumas discrepâncias nas trajetórias. Ainda assim houve uma melhora significativa na solução final. A vantagem deste método consiste no fato de que este não requer o uso de equipamentos especiais ou de um preciso alinhamento dos sensores, podendo ser aplicado em campo antes da utilização dos sensores.

Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation exposure inside the metro tube infrastructure in Warszawa.

Science.gov (United States)

Gryz, Krzysztof; Karpowicz, Jolanta

2015-09-01

Antennas from various wireless communications systems [e.g. mobile phones base transceiver stations (BTS) and handsets used by passengers, public Internet access, staff radiophone transmitters used between engine-drivers and traffic operators] emitting radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) are used inside underground metro public transportation. Frequency-selective exposimetric investigations of RF-EMR exposure inside the metro infrastructure in Warsaw (inside metro cars passing between stations and on platforms) were performed. The statistical parameters of exposure to the E-field were analyzed for each frequency range and for a total value (representing the wide-band result of measurements of complex exposure). The recorded exposimetric profiles showed the dominant RF-EMR sources: handsets and BTS of mobile communication systems (GSM 900 and UMTS 2100) and local wireless Internet access (WiFi 2G). Investigations showed that the GSM 900 system is the dominant source of exposure - BTS (incessantly active) on platforms, and handsets - used by passengers present nearby during the tube drive. The recorded E-field varies between sources (for BTS were: medians - 0.22 V/m and 75th percentile - 0.37 V/m; and for handsets: medians - 0.28 V/m and 75th percentile - 0.47 V/m). Maximum levels (peaks) of exposure recorded from mobile handsets exceeded 10 V/m (upper limit of used exposimeters). Broadband measurements of E-field, including the dominant signal emitted by staff radiophones (151 MHz), showed that the level of this exposure of engine-drivers does not exceed 2.5 V/m.

Determination of toxic elements in Malaysian foodstuffs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hamzah, Z.; Wood, A.K.H.; Mahmood, C.S.; Hamzah, S.

1988-01-01

This project is concentrating on the analysis of toxic elements content in seafoods including fishes, mussel, squid and prawn. Samples were collected from various places throughout Malay Peninsular. Samples were prepared according to RCA research protocol - nuclear techniques for toxic element in foodstuffs. Techniques used for elemental analysis were neutron activation analysis (instrumental and radiochemical) and anodic stripping voltametry. (author). 9 refs, 9 tabs

Comparação entre a utilização de saliva e sangue para determinação do lactato mínimo em cicloergômetro e ergômetro de braço em mesa-tenistas Comparacion entre la utilizacion de saliva y sangre para la determinacion del lactato mínimo en cicloergómetro y ergómetro de brazo en tenistas de mesa Comparison between the use of saliva and blood for the minimum lactate determination in arm ergometer and cycle ergometer in table tennis players

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alessandro Moura Zagatto

2004-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a possibilidade de determinar o teste de lactato mínimo (TLM com concentrações de sódio (Na+, potássio (K+ e lactato (LAC na saliva em ergômetro de braço e cicloergômetro. Foram participantes deste estudo oito mesa-tenistas de nível internacional. Como estímulo anaeróbio no TLM em ambos os ergômetros foram utilizados testes máximos de 30 segundos. No ergômetro de braço isocinético (Cybex Ube 2432 foi aplicada a força máxima com rotação fixa em 102rpm e no cicloergômetro, aplicada a carga de 7,5% do peso corporal (Kp. Após o estímulo anaeróbio no ergômetro de braço, foi iniciado um teste incremental com rotações na manivela constante a 60rpm, iniciado a 49 watts com aumento de 16 watts a cada estágio de três minutos de exercício. A intensidade correspondente ao TLM foi determinado com amostras de sangue e saliva (LACmin braço; Na+min braço-saliva e K+min braço-saliva, respectivamente. Para o cicloergômetro, a carga inicial foi de 85 watts e aumento de 17 watts com rotação do pedal constante a 70rpm. Cada estágio de exercício também teve a duração de três minutos. O LACmin foi determinado utilizando amostras de sangue e saliva (LACmin ciclo; Na+min ciclo-saliva, K+min ciclo-saliva e LACmin ciclo-saliva, respectivamente. Em ambos os ergômetros, as intensidades obtidas no TLM foram correspondentes à derivada zero do ajuste polinomial entre metabólito versus intensidade. Foram utilizados, como procedimentos estatísticos, o teste ANOVA One Way, teste t de Student pareado e teste de correlação de Pearson com níveis de significância de 5%. Os LACmin determinados com amostras de sangue e de saliva, tanto para o ergômetro de braço (LACmin braço 91,71 ± 12,43; Na+min braço-saliva 71,99 ± 23,42; K+min braço-saliva 79,67 ± 17,72, quanto para cicloergômetro (LACmin ciclo 157,68 ± 13,48; LACmin ciclo-saliva 135,49 ± 33,2; Na+min ciclo-saliva 121,81 ± 51,31; K

Identificación de parámetros en geotecnia aplicación a la excavación de túneles

OpenAIRE

Ledesma Villalba, Alberto

1987-01-01

En esta tesis se desarrolla una metodología general para la identificación de parámetros en problemas geotécnicos. Dado un problema especifico se supone fijado un modelo (determinista) y se consideran conocidos algunos valores de las variables de estado que caracterizan el sistema (observaciones). La identificación de parámetros o resolución del problema inverso consiste en estimar los parámetros del modelo que mejor ajustan predicciones y medidas. Como criterio de identificación se ha escogi...

Introduction to Toxicity and Risk Assessment for Project Chemists

Science.gov (United States)

2012-03-27

Toxicity of Hexavalent Chromium  External review complete  EPA will wait until studies underway on carcinogenic mode of action are complete to...finalize the assessment  NJ and Cal values for hex chrome 16 Risk-Based Screening Levels Resident Soil (mg/kg) Resident Water Use (µg/L) DRAFT 0.04

Mobile source air toxics mitigation measures.

Science.gov (United States)

2013-10-01

In accordance with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Interim Guidance Update on Mobile Source Air Toxic Analysis in NEPA Documents (September 30, 2009), transportation projects subject to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) mus...

Evaluation of metals, metalloids, and ash mixture toxicity using sediment toxicity testing.

Science.gov (United States)

Stojak, Amber; Bonnevie, Nancy L; Jones, Daniel S

2015-01-01

In December 2008, a release of 4.1 million m(3) of coal ash from the Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston Fossil Plant occurred. Ash washed into the Emory River and migrated downstream into the Clinch and Tennessee Rivers. A Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment evaluated risks to ecological receptors from ash in the river system post-dredging. This article describes the approach used and results from sediment toxicity tests, discussing any causal relationships between ash, metals, and toxicity. Literature is limited in the realm of aquatic coal combustion residue (CCR) exposures and the potential magnitude of effects on benthic invertebrates. Sediment samples along a spectrum of ash content were used in a tiered toxicity testing approach and included a combination of 10 day sediment toxicity acute tests and longer-term, partial life cycle "definitive" tests with 2 species (Hyalella azteca and Chironomus dilutus). Arsenic, and to a lesser extent Se, in the ash was the most likely toxicant causing observed effects in the laboratory toxicity tests. Sites in the Emory River with the greatest statistical and biologically significant effects had As concentrations in sediments twice the probable effects concentration of 33 mg/kg. These sites contained greater than 50% ash. Sites with less than approximately 50% ash in sediments exhibited fewer significant toxic responses relative to the reference sediment in the laboratory. The results discussed here present useful evidence of only limited effects occurring from a worst-case exposure pathway. These results provided a valuable line of evidence for the overall assessment of risks to benthic invertebrates and to other ecological receptors, and were crucial to risk management and development of project remediation goals. © 2014 SETAC.

EFFORTS TO IMPROVE LEARNING MOTIVATION OF STUDENT WITH CONTENT MASTERY IN SMP NEGERI 1 METRO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hadi Pranoto

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract: The study design using action research applied in guidance and counseling services (follow-services research. Subjects in this study, researchers took VII.4 grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Metro Odd Semester Lesson Tabun 2012/2013. Of the 24 students, there are 10 students who experience a lack of motivation to learn to 41.66%. The method used in collecting data by observation and field notes. Analysis of the data used is the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. Validity test is done through assessment experts /specialists ie counseling teachers SMP Negeri 1 Metro, other friends peer discussions that instrument with other friends FKIP students with courses in counseling. The results of this study, it can be concluded that the results obtained through the implementation of the procurement of content services in increasing the motivation of learners class VII.4 SMP Negeri 1 Metro Tabun Odd Semester Lesson 20 12/20 13 is visible from the change in behavior and ability of learners in learners become more willing to meet the needs of achievement, students can understand or have confidence in learning, learners have the ability to overcome failure in learning, and learners have a good competitiveness in the service learning. Through mastery of content supplied by BK teacher can increase the motivation of learners class VII.4 SMP Negeri 1 Metro Odd Semester Academic Year 201212013. There is increased the motivation of learners in the first cycle seen from the average percentage that is equal to 27.5% and in the second cycle of 75 %, resulting in an increase of 47.5%. Response and activity VIl.4 grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Metro Odd Semester Lesson Tabun 2012/2013 on the service in the content mastery enhance learning motivation is very positive, it is shown by the participation of learners in the service following the mastery of content, learner motivation and enthusiasm in participating services as well as content mastery

Toxicity studies of Cordia salicifolia extract Estudo da toxidade do extrato de Cordia salicifolia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Kenji Nakamura Cuman

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Este estudo foi realizado para determinar a toxicidade aguda do extrato total de Cordia salicifolia (DL50 após administração oral e intraperitoneal em camundongos, assim como os efeitos do extrato sobre alguns parâmetros bioquímicos no plasma de ratos após um tratamento prolongado (90 dias. A DL50 do extrato administrado por v.o. foi maior que 2000 mg/Kg, enquanto a DL50 por via i.p. foi aproximadamente 920 mg/Kg. A administração oral diária do extrato nas doses de 20, 100, 200 e 400 mg/kg por um período de 90 dias não causou modificações no ganho de peso corporal, no peso dos órgãos, nos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos dos animais. Estes resultados indicam que a administração do extrato por um período mais prolongado não provocou efeitos de toxicidade nos animaisThis study was carried out to determine the acute toxicity of the whole Cordia salicifolia extract (LD50 after oral and intraperitoneal administration in mice, and its effect on certain biochemical parameters in the plasma of rats after 90 days of administration. The oral LD50 value of the extract was higher than 2000 mg/kg while the LD50 by intraperitoneal injections was about 920 mg/kg. A daily oral administration of extracts at 20, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses for 90 days did not cause significant changes in the body weight gain, organs weight or biochemical assays and hematology in the animals. The results showed that the administration of the extract for a prolonged period did not produce toxic effects in the animals

Estacas de diferentes diâmetros na propagação de Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. - Verbenaceae

OpenAIRE

Marchese,J.A.; Pissaia,E.; Bocchese,V.C.C.; Cambruzzi,E.; Colussi,G.; Hart,V.; Magiero,E.C.

2010-01-01

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes diâmetros de estacas na propagação de Lippia alba. Foram testadas estacas de 25 cm de comprimento, com diâmetros de 0,3-0,5 cm; 0,6-0,9 cm e 1-1,2 cm. Aos 30 e 60 dias após o plantio das estacas foram determinadas as características biométricas, como porcentagem de enraizamento, número de brotos, comprimento dos brotos, massas secas de brotos, estacas, raízes e total. Todos os diâmetros de estacas apresentaram altas taxas de enrai...

Metro Commuter Exposures to Particulate Air Pollution and PM2.5-Associated Elements in Three Canadian Cities: The Urban Transportation Exposure Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Van Ryswyk, Keith; Anastasopolos, Angelos T; Evans, Greg; Sun, Liu; Sabaliauskas, Kelly; Kulka, Ryan; Wallace, Lance; Weichenthal, Scott

2017-05-16

System-representative commuter air pollution exposure data were collected for the metro systems of Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver, Canada. Pollutants measured included PM 2.5 (PM = particulate matter), PM 10 , ultrafine particles, black carbon, and the elemental composition of PM 2.5 . Sampling over three weeks was conducted in summer and winter for each city and covered each system on a daily basis. Mixed-effect linear regression models were used to identify system features related to particulate exposures. Ambient levels of PM 2.5 and its elemental components were compared to those of the metro in each city. A microenvironmental exposure model was used to estimate the contribution of a 70 min metro commute to daily mean exposure to PM 2.5 elemental and mass concentrations. Time spent in the metro was estimated to contribute the majority of daily exposure to several metallic elements of PM 2.5 and 21.2%, 11.3% and 11.5% of daily PM 2.5 exposure in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver, respectively. Findings suggest that particle air pollutant levels in Canadian metros are substantially impacted by the systems themselves, are highly enriched in steel-based elements, and can contribute a large portion of PM 2.5 and its elemental components to a metro commuter's daily exposure.

Current organic waste recycling and the potential for local recycling through urban agriculture in Metro Manila.

Science.gov (United States)

Hara, Yuji; Furutani, Takashi; Murakami, Akinobu; Palijon, Armando M; Yokohari, Makoto

2011-11-01

Using the solid waste management programmes of three barangays (the smallest unit of local government in the Philippines) in Quezon City, Metro Manila, as a case study, this research aimed to further the development of efficient organic waste recycling systems through the promotion of urban agricultural activities on green and vacant spaces. First, the quantity of organic waste and compost produced through ongoing barangay projects was measured. The amount of compost that could potentially be utilized on farmland and vacant land within the barangays was then identified to determine the possibility of a local recycling system. The results indicate that, at present, securing buyers for compost is difficult and, therefore, most compost is distributed to large neighbouring farm villages. However, the present analysis of potential compost use within the barangay demonstrates that a more local compost recycling system is indeed feasible.

Disdrómetro óptico de bajo costo para la determinación del tamaño y velocidad de las gotas de lluvia

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Nelson Falcón

2013-09-01

Full Text Available El tamaño y la velocidad de caída de las gotas de lluvia es un factor importante para estudiar la erosión de los suelos. Los pluviómetros no permiten medir directamente estas magnitudes. Para superar estas limitaciones se emplean los disdrómetros que sirven además para calibrar los radares meteorológicos. Se diseña y construye un disdrómetro óptico de bajo costo, que puede emplearse como medidor universal de precipitaciones. El disdrómetro se elabora con dos LED IR333C como optocopladores infrarrojos de 940 nanómetros, junto a un amplificador operacional TL82 y un pulsador LM555. Se obtuvieron resultados preliminares para varios eventos de precipitación, logrando medir un tamaño medio de 1,6 ± 0,25mm de diámetro, alcanzando una velocidad media de 5,4 ± 1,8 m/s. El disdrómetro elaborado mostró su efectividad para cálculos pluviométricos y cinemáticos de los eventos de precipitación en la estaciones de Valencia (Carabobo, Venezuela durante las primeras lluvias del periodo lluvioso de julio de 2012.

Framing Analysis In Media Television News MetroTVOne Related Arrest by the Chairman MK Akil Mocktar Commission Case of Corruption

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aryadi Aryadi

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Aryadi, G331.10.0018.Framing  Analysis In Media Television News Metro TVOne Related Arrest by   the   Chairman   MK  Akil   Mocktar   Commission   Case   of  Corruption   Skripsi   :  Program   S1   of Communication University of Semarang. This research aims to understand how the framing of television-related  news in the arrest of the chairman of the Constitutional Court AkilMocktar by the Commission on cases of corruption. Impressions is catching  news MK chairman  AkilMocktar  on Metro TV and TVOne. Theoretical  foundation,  framing analysis model of Murray Edelman, the theory is used to understand the reality of diverse and irregular into a reality that has meaning, using the categorization, the use of a particular perspective with certain words is also a word that signifies how the facts or reality understood. Qualitative research methods and strategies for framing the analysis, the study was conducted by observing the video sempel news on Metro TV and TVOne selected. Based on the research results, the general conclusion of each media that Metro TV and TVOne has a different way of constructing a bribery case Mocktar chairman MK Akil is in its message. Metro TV tend to highlight cases of bribery Court of facts, Metro TV does not describe the alleged emerging society. While TVOne looks construct audiences with growing allegations in the news

Rational Formations of a Metro Train Improve Its Efficiencies of Both Traction Energy Utilization and Passenger Transport

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Xuesong Feng

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Based on simulations of passenger transports of two representative types of metro trains in China, this study analyzes efficiencies of energy consumption and passenger transport of a metro train in the effect of its target speed, formation scale (FS (i.e., length and mass of the formation, relative traction capacity (RTC (i.e., ratio of the motoring cars to all its cars, and so forth. It is found that increasing energy cost efficiency of a metro train with decreasing its target speed is evidently accelerated with reducing its RTC below 0.50 at the expense of obviously lowering its passenger transport efficiency. Moreover, if the passenger capacity of the train is sufficiently utilized, increasing its FS for the same RTC is easy to have its passenger transport efficiency improved significantly even for a meanwhile much decreased target speed with consuming energy less intensively. Therefore, metro trains in peak hours may take comparatively big FSs, relatively high target speeds, and RTCs over 0.50 to meet usually urgent and large-scale travel demands in such time. In contrast, trains in nonpeak hours ought to have small FSs, relatively low target speeds, and RTCs smaller than 0.50 for mainly avoiding energy waste.

Influência da temperatura e do teor de gordura nos parâmetros reológicos do leite condensado e creme de leite

OpenAIRE

Flauzino, Rodrigo Dias [UNESP

2007-01-01

Neste trabalho estudou-se a influência da temperatura (275,4 a 359,8 K) e teor de gordura (10,2% a 30,6%) nos parâmetros reológicos do creme de leite, como também a influência da temperatura (278 a 343 K) nos parâmetros reológicos do leite condensado. A caracterização reológica foi realizada com o auxílio de um reômetro rotacional do tipo cone e placa, localizado no DEA/FZEA/USP, e de um reômetro rotacional do tipo cone e placa, localizado no DETA/UNESP. Os dados experimentais foram ajustados...

Quality of life and biological communities: Analysis of the study of environmental impact of the metro in the city of Quito

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Cristina Aguilar

2013-10-01

Full Text Available This work shows a critique review of the Informe de Impacto Ambiental del Metro de Quito (Report of environmental impact of subway of Quito, in its variables: quality of life and biological communities. From an ecosistemic perspective of comprehension and understanding of the city, we see that the report holds a reductionist vision of the environmental dimension. Assuming that the subway constitutes an improvement in urban mobility, we argue that this project is an opportunity to generate instances of promotion and articulation of biodiversity within the city. We discuss the necessity of counteracting the dependency of the environmental approach of production and reproduction of the city.

AVALIAÇÃO DO INCREMENTO EM DIÂMETRO DO MOGNO (Swietenia macrophylla EM UM SAF - RURÓPOLIS-PARÁ

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Itabira Jaguaraçú Ricardo Sanches

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Esse trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o incremento em diâmetro da espécie Swietenia machophylla em um sistema Agroflorestal. Em uma área de 1 ha foram alocadas 5 parcelas de 12 x 24 m. As medições foram realizadas em  três ocasiões, sendo: Janeiro de 2014, Janeiro de 2015 e Julho de 2015. Para construção dos histogramas de frequência foram testados os métodos de Sturges e “empírico”. Em um segundo plano histogramas de crescimento foram elaborados tendo em vista a visualização dos diâmetros de cada indivíduo para análise do incremento em diâmetro. O melhor resultado para construção dos histogramas foi o método “empírico”, pois apresentou menor erro. O incremento no DAP médio foi de 0,58 cm entre as três medições, no primeiro período o incremento em diâmetro foi de 11,32, no segundo 11,76 cm e no último 11,90 cm.

A feasibility study for decision-making support of a radioactive contamination model in an urban environment (METRO-K)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hwang, Won Tae; Han, Moon Hee; Jeong, Hyo Joon; Kim, Eun Han; Lee, Chang Woo

2008-01-01

A Korean urban contamination model METRO-K (Model for Estimates the Transient behavior of RadiOactive materials in the Korean urban environment), which is capable of calculating the exposure doses resulting from radioactive contamination in an urban environment, is taking part in a model testing program EMRAS (Environmental Modelling for RAdiation Safety) organized by the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency). For radioactive contamination scenarios of Pripyat districts and a hypothetical RDD (Radiological Dispersal Device), the predicted results using METRO-K were submitted to the EMRAS's urban contamination working group. In this paper, the predicted results for the contamination scenarios of a pripyat district were shown in case of both without remediation measures and with ones. Comparing with the predicted results of the models that have taken part in EMRAS program, a feasibility for decision-making support of METRO-K was investigated. As a predicted result of METRO-K, to take immediately remediation measures following a radioactive contamination, if possible, might be one of the best ways to reduce exposure dose. It was found that the discrepancies of predicted results among the models are resulted from 1) modeling approaches and applied parameter values, 2) exposure pathways which are considered in models, 3) assumptions of assessor such as contamination surfaces which might affect to an exposure receptor and their sizes, 4) parameter values which are related with remediation measures applied through literature survey. It was identified that a Korean urban contamination model METRO-K is a useful tool for decision-making support through the participation of EMRAS program

THE IMPROVEMENT OF STAFF PERFORMANCE THROUGH VARIATION OF LEADERSHIP APPROACH AT STATE VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL (SMKN 2 METRO ACADEMIC YEAR 2015/2016

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Sutarman - -

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract : SMKN 2 Metro, as one of vocational high schools potentially becomes a reference school, need to deal that possibility with high performace both teachers and staff. Reference school requires all staffs to manage and organize the school establishment in accordance with quality management procedure and do their best to improve their competency and qualification. The improvement of their competency and qualification is a supporting factor of the service provided by the school to all stake holders at SMKN 2 Metro. The aim of the research is to improve the performance of the staff at SMKN 2 Metro.It was school action research applied. This research was conducted to improve working situation and process to overcome problems of the school. SMKN 2 Metro is located at Street Yos Sudars, West Metro of Metro Municipal City. The subjcts of the research were staff consist of 13 civil servants (PNS and 20 volunteer (PTT. It was done for three months from February to April 2015.The researcher was able to conclude that staff performance at SMKN 2 Metro improved when variation of leadership approach applied. This conclusion was supported by some findings. There was linear improvement of staff performance both PNS and PTT. The improvement of PTT performance was better than PNS in the beggining of the treatment, bu then they reached the same quality of improvement. Coersive power needed to be apllied more intensive in the beggining although applied with very careful manner. Flexible leadership approach must equip authoritative approach. Reward, even in smallest amount of recognition, must be applied more intensive.   Key Words: Approach, Performance, Staff

Anaplasmose bovina: parâmetros clínicos e de patologia clínica em bezerros infectados experimentalmente.: parâmetros clínicos e de patologia clínica em bezerros infectados experimentalmente.

OpenAIRE

Leonardo Costa Tavares Coelho

2007-01-01

Avaliou-se o comportamento dos parâmetros de patologia clínica em cinco bezerros HPB, com idade entre 90 e 120 dias, inoculados com Anaplasma marginale. O período médio de incubação foi de 13 dias, a duração do período patente, quando foram realizadas as análises, foi de 14 dias e o período convalescente durou 10 dias. Foram avaliadas as alterações no equilíbrio ácido-básico, perfil eletrolítico, parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos. Os animais apresentaram anemia, inicialmente normocítica ...

Capitalización anticipada del metro de Santiago en el precio de las viviendas

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Claudio Agostini

2008-01-01

Full Text Available En general, las viviendas que por su ubicación muestran mejores accesos tienen un valor de mercado superior respecto a viviendas de características similares con peores accesos. Esta diferencia se debe a los menores costos de transporte hacia los principales mercados laborales y comerciales de una ciudad. Por esta razón, las inversiones en infraestructura pública de transporte, como por ejemplo la construcción de una nueva línea de metro, se capitalizan total o parcialmente en el precio de los terrenos y de las viviendas. Este trabajo estudia empíricamente el grado de capitalización en el precio de las viviendas que tuvo la construcción de la nueva línea 4 del metro en la ciudad de Santiago. En particular, dado que la nueva línea entra en operación en diciembre de 2005, se estima el grado de capitalización anticipada en el precio de las viviendas ocurrido en el momento del anuncio de la construcción de la nueva línea 4 y en el momento del anuncio de la ingeniería básica que determinó la ubicación de las estaciones. Con una base de datos única, que contiene todas las transacciones de compra y venta de viviendas realizadas en el Gran Santiago entre Diciembre de 2000 y Marzo de 2004. Los resultados muestran que el valor promedio de los departamentos aumentó entre 3.3% y 4.4% en consecuencia del anuncio de construcción y entre 4.5% y 5.7% después del conocimiento de la ubicación de las estaciones. Este aumento no se distribuye en forma uniforme, sino que depende de la distancia a la estación de metro más cercana. Un efecto indirecto de esta capitalización es que la recaudación del impuesto a las propiedades aumentaría si se reavalúan las propiedades de acuerdo a su aumento de valor. Este efecto no es despreciable en magnitud y podría representar al menos entre 14 y 20% de la inversión de la nueva línea de metro, lo cual abre una discusión interesante respecto a la forma de financiar la expansión de la red de metro.

Parâmetros quantitativos da anatomia da madeira de eucalípto que cresceu em diferentes locais

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José Geraldo Lima de Oliveira

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Sabe-se da existência de influência do local de crescimento nas propriedades da madeira e que estas são influenciadas principalmente pela sua estrutura anatômica. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar parâmetros quantitativos da estrutura anatômica da madeira de eucalipto de um clone de híbrido natural de Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex-Maiden, ocorrentes na localidade de Rio Claro-SP, com 64 meses de idade. As 138 árvores foram cultivadas nos os municípios de Aracruz, Domingos Martins, Alto Rio Novo e São Mateus - ES e Mutum e Aimorés - MG. Os parâmetros anatômicos mensurados foram o diâmetro e a frequência vascular, o comprimento, a largura, o diâmetro do lume e a espessura da parede das fibras e ainda a altura, largura e frequência de raios. De acordo com os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que relativo aos vasos houve diferenças significativas entre as regiões. Quanto aos raios, também foram verificadas diferenças significativas relativas à altura, largura e frequência diversas regiões. As madeiras produzidas na região de Aracruz possuem fibras de comprimento e espessura de paredes muito inferiores às produzidas nas demais regiões estudadas.

A constrained multinomial Probit route choice model in the metro network: Formulation, estimation and application

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Yongsheng; Wei, Heng; Zheng, Kangning

2017-01-01

Considering that metro network expansion brings us with more alternative routes, it is attractive to integrate the impacts of routes set and the interdependency among alternative routes on route choice probability into route choice modeling. Therefore, the formulation, estimation and application of a constrained multinomial probit (CMNP) route choice model in the metro network are carried out in this paper. The utility function is formulated as three components: the compensatory component is a function of influencing factors; the non-compensatory component measures the impacts of routes set on utility; following a multivariate normal distribution, the covariance of error component is structured into three parts, representing the correlation among routes, the transfer variance of route, and the unobserved variance respectively. Considering multidimensional integrals of the multivariate normal probability density function, the CMNP model is rewritten as Hierarchical Bayes formula and M-H sampling algorithm based Monte Carlo Markov Chain approach is constructed to estimate all parameters. Based on Guangzhou Metro data, reliable estimation results are gained. Furthermore, the proposed CMNP model also shows a good forecasting performance for the route choice probabilities calculation and a good application performance for transfer flow volume prediction. PMID:28591188

Estimación del diámetro, altura y volumen a partir del tocón para especies forestales de Durango

OpenAIRE

Quiñónez Barraza, Gerónimo; Cruz Cobos, Francisco; Vargas Larreta, Benedicto; Hernández, Francisco Javier

2012-01-01

Cuando una masa forestal ha sido aprovechada mediante un programa de manejo y solo se tiene como evidencia las dimensiones de los tocones, es posible estimar a través de relaciones alométricas el diámetro y la altura, así como el volumen de los árboles en pie. En el presente trabajo se describe un experimento en el que se ajustaron 12 modelos matemáticos para predecir el diámetro normal, la altura total y el volumen del fuste, a partir del diámetro del tocón para Pinus arizonica , P. ayacahui...

A Longitudinal Analysis of Densities within the Pedestrian Sheds around Metro Stations. The Case of Tehran.

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Houshmand E. Masoumi

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Evaluation of spatial accessibility to public transportation has a weak background in many emerging countries, including Iran. Transit-Oriented Development is of great interest among Iranian planners and academics, but little is known about transit orientation provided by major public transport systems exemplified by the Tehran Metro. Statistical difference tests and polynomial regression done in this study show how residential densities within walking distances of metro stations established at different times after 1998 are significantly different. Both population and employment densities have decreased in more recent stations compared to those opened between 2005 and 2010. Moreover, one-way T-Tests comparing the population and densities of older lines with those of newer lines reveal that, in most cases, densities within walking distances of stations of older lines are higher. The paper concludes that lack of proper site selection and failing to locate new stations near job centers and highly populated areas threatens the transit-friendliness that emerged in the early years after establishing the first metro station in 1998.

Determining the Optimal Layout Design for Public Bicycle System within the Attractive Scope of a Metro Station

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Jingxu Chen

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Public bicycle acts as a seamless feeder mode in combination with the citywide public transit, as well as a competitor for the inner-city short trips. The primary objective of this study is to address the layout planning of public bicycle system within the attracted scope of a metro station. Based on the land use function, population, and bicycle mode share, bicycle rental stations are divided into three types, namely, the metro station, district station, and resident station, and later the quantity of bicycle facilities in each rental station is estimated. Then, the service stations are selected from these bicycle rental stations to provide the service of periodical bicycle redistribution. An improved immune algorithm is proposed to determine the number and locations of service stations and the optimal route options for the implement of redistributing strategy. Finally, a case study of Nanjing Tianyin Road metro station is conducted to illustrate the proposed model and clarify some of its implementation details.

Traffic and Technological Assumptions for the Metro in the City of Split

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Vinko Višnjić

2007-05-01

Full Text Available Rationalization of the traffic systems in major cities, whichincludes Split, is possible at present only by providing a more diverseand higher quality supply of public urban transport.In Split the situation in public urban transport shows that itdoes not meet its basic function. Only partial or transitional solutionsare offered. All this contributes to the delay in makingthe decision which is the only possible one in the city of Split regardingits size and the level of motorization.The solution of the public urban transport lies in the introductionof the metro system through phase construction. Eachphase represents in fact the construction of one line. Due to thecomplexity of the construction of the underground section (tunnelconstntction in the centre of the City the first phase is themost demanding one regarding construction works, with twometro lines intersecting (the need to build two-level stationsand therefore this section is the most complex and the most expensivepart in the network of the metro line system.

Toxicity of Diazinon 60 EC for Cyprinus carpio and Poecilia reticulata

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Máchová, J.; Prokeš, Miroslav; Svobodová, Z.; Žlábek, V.; Peňáz, Milan; Baruš, Vlastimil

2007-01-01

Roč. 15, č. 3-4 (2007), s. 267-276 ISSN 0967-6120. [New Challenges in Pond Aquaculture. České Budějovice, 26.04.2005-28.04.2005] R&D Projects: GA MZe QF3029 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60930519 Keywords : acute toxicity * chemical insecticide * Daphnia magna * embryonic toxicity test * larval toxicity test * organophosphate * pond fishery Subject RIV: GL - Fishing Impact factor: 0.828, year: 2007

Baltimore Air Toxics Study (BATS)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sullivan, D.A. [Sullivan Environmental Consulting, Inc., Alexandria, VA (United States)

1996-12-31

The Baltimore Air Toxics Study is one of the three urban air toxics initiatives funded by EPA to support the development of the national air toxics strategy. As part of this project, the Air Quality Integrated Management System (AIMS) is under development. AIMS is designed to bring together the key components of urban air quality management into an integrated system, including emissions assessment, air quality modeling, and air quality monitoring. Urban area source emissions are computed for a wide range of pollutants and source categories, and are joined with existing point source emissions data. Measured air quality data are used to evaluate the adequacy of the emissions data and model treatments as a function of season, meteorological parameters, and daytime/nighttime conditions. Based on tested model performance, AIMS provides the potential to improve the ability to predict air quality benefits of alternative control options for criteria and toxic air pollutants. This paper describes the methods used to develop AIMS, and provides examples from its application in the Baltimore metropolitan area. The use of AIMS in the future to enhance environmental management of major industrial facilities also will be addressed in the paper.

PERCEPTION STUDENT OF DEPARTMENT GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING AT UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH METRO INTO SCHOOL COUNSELOR PROFESSION

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SERLI NOVITA SARI

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Guidance and Counseling Teaching profession is a profession with dignity and requiring scientific competence and qualifications. Many emerging negative perception, even from students of guidance and counseling to the profession of guidance and counseling. The problem in this research is formulated as follows: "What are the perceptions students of Guidance and Counselling, University of Muhammadiyah Metro the teaching profession Counseling?". The goal is to find out how students' perceptions of Guidance and Counselling, University of Muhammadiyah Metro the teaching profession Guidance and Counseling. The method used is quantitative descriptive. The population is students of guidance and counseling, the sample totaled 175 students. Instruments used in the form of Likert scale. The data analysis technique used percentages. The results showed that students' perceptions BK UM Metro is at a very high category to the teaching profession Guidance and Counseling. Suggestions put forward are: Based on these results, the researchers gave some suggestions are as follows: 1 for lecturers to add hours of practicum BK for students, and provide student guidance and counseling opportunities to interact more with teacher guidance and counseling directly in schools, and 2 the students are expected to apply to run a positive perception of the teaching profession Counseling well. Keywords: Perception, Student, Guidance and Counseling

Um satélite brasileiro para observação do diâmetro solar

Science.gov (United States)

Emilio, M.; Leister, N. V.; Benevides Soares, P.; Teixeira, R.; Kuhn, J.

2003-08-01

Propomos uma missão espacial para medir a forma e o diâmetro solar com o objetivo de ajudar a determinar o potencial gravitacional do Sol e a sua rotação com precisão, testar modelos teóricos de variação de energia e pela primeira vez medir os modos g de oscilação. As observações serão obtidas através do instrumento denominado APT (Astrometric and Photometric Telescope) descrito por Kuhn(1983). A sensibilidade do instrumento é de 0,2 mas em 27 dias para as observações do diâmetro solar feitas a cada minuto. Esta é uma missão de três anos de duração e pode complementar as medidas que serão feitas pelo satélite PICARD (a ser lançado em 2007). Outros parâmetros físicos podem ser obtidos com as mesmas imagens o que certamente interessará à comunidade de física solar. Um primeiro contato foi realizado com a agência espacial brasileira que pretende lançar um satélite científico a cada dois anos.

Mejora de la calidad de las medidas de ozono mediante un fotómetro UV de referencia

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C. Sánchez Blaya

2001-11-01

Full Text Available La Directiva 92/72/CE hace referencia al método de análisis descrito en la UNE 77-221:2000 y a que los analizadores de ozono se deben calibrar con un fotómetro UV de referencia o con un patrón transferido.De la necesidad de desarrollar un procedimiento que asegure la calidad y la trazabilidad de las mediciones en España, el Área de Contaminación Atmosférica ha decidido implantar un fotómetro UV de referencia NIST como patrón de ozono.Teniendo en cuenta los procedimientos empleados por EPA y NIST, se ha desarrollado un procedimiento de verificación consistente en la realización de 6 comparaciones del Patrón Transferido frente al Fotómetro UV de Referencia NIST, en días diferentes, analizándose, como mínimo, 5 concentraciones de ozono diferentes. Cada comparación se inicia y se finaliza siempre con una concentración de 0 ppb de O3. De cada comparación se obtiene una regresión lineal.Una vez realizadas las 6 comparaciones se obtiene la Recta de calibración y se calcula la incertidumbre asociada al patrón transferido.Se ha realizado la verificación de 17 patrones transferidos de los que 11 son fotómetros UV, 2 son generadores de ozono y 4 son generadores de ozono de bancos de dilución.De los resultados se concluye que las incertidumbres de los generadores de ozono, en general, son mayores que las de los fotómetros UV, recomendándose estos últimos como patrones transferidos.Destacar que mediante la utilización de los patrones transferidos para la calibración de analizadores de ozono se garantiza tanto la calidad como la trazabilidad de los datos generados.

Algoritmo PSO para identificación de parámetros en un motor DC

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César Duarte

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta la aplicación del algoritmo Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO como estrategia de búsqueda para determinar los parámetros de un sistema tipo caja gris. Este proceso de identificación se ilustra utilizando la respuesta a un escalón de un motor DC en lazo abierto. Para agilizar la identificación del sistema a través del uso de PSO, se limita el espacio de búsqueda usando la información que puede extraerse de la respuesta en el dominio del tiempo del sistema a identificar. Los resultados del proceso de identificación de los parámetros del motor se obtienen utilizando la herramienta PSOt disponible para entorno Matlab® desarrollada por Brian Birge.

STUDY ON ENERGY EXCHANGE PROCESSES IN NORMAL OPERATION OF METRO ROLLING STOCK WITH REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEMS

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A. O. Sulym

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Purpose. The analysis of the existing studies showed that the increasing of energy efficiency of metro rolling stock becomes especially important and requires timely solutions. It is known that the implementation of regenerative braking systems on rolling stock will allow significantly solving this problem. It was proved that one of the key issues regarding the introduction of the above-mentioned systems is research on efficient use of electric energy of regenerative braking. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the amount of excessive electric power of regenerative braking under normal operation conditions of the rolling stock with regenerative braking systems for the analysis of the energy saving reserves. Methodology. Quantifiable values of electrical energy consumed for traction, returned to the contact line and dissipated in braking resistors (excessive energy are determined using results of experimental studies of energy exchange processes under normal operating conditions of metro rolling stock with regenerative systems. Statistical methods of data processing were applied as well. Findings. Results of the studies analysis of metro rolling stock operation under specified conditions in Sviatoshinsko-Brovarskaia line of KP «Kyiv Metro system» stipulate the following: 1 introduction of regenerative braking systems into the rolling stock allows to return about 17.9-23.2% of electrical energy consumed for traction to the contact line; 2 there are reserves for improving of energy efficiency of rolling stock with regenerative systems at the level of 20.2–29.9 % of electrical energy consumed for traction. Originality. For the first time, it is proved that the most significant factor that influences the quantifiable values of the electrical energy regeneration is a track profile. It is suggested to use coefficients which indicate the amount and reserves of unused (excessive electrical energy for quantitative evaluation. Studies on

LCIA selection methods for assessing toxic releases

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Henrik Fred; Birkved, Morten; Hauschild, Michael Zwicky

2002-01-01

the inventory that contribute significantly to the impact categories on ecotoxicity and human toxicity to focus the characterisation work. The reason why the selection methods are more important for the chemical-related impact categories than for other impact categories is the extremely high number......Characterization of toxic emissions in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) is in many cases severely limited by the lack of characterization factors for the emissions mapped in the inventory. The number of substances assigned characterization factors for (eco)toxicity included in the dominating LCA....... The methods are evaluated against a set of pre-defined criteria (comprising consistency with characterization and data requirement) and applied to case studies and a test set of chemicals. The reported work is part of the EU-project OMNIITOX....

UTILIDAD DEL PERÍMETRO ABDOMINAL COMO MÉTODO DE CRIBAJE DEL SÍNDROME METABÓLICO EN LAS PERSONAS CON HIPERTENSIÓN ARTERIAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Genique Martínez

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: Para el diagnóstico de Síndrome Metabólico (SM los criterios mas utilizados son los propuestos, por el ATP-III del NCEP de 2001, actualizados posteriormente en 2005. El perímetro de cintura es uno de los cinco criterios utilizados para su diagnóstico. Dada la elevada incidencia ajustada de enfermedad coronaria atribuible a este factor de riesgo, el objetivo de este trabajo es valorar la utilidad del perímetro de cintura como método de cribaje único de SM en la población con otros factores de riesgo muy prevalentes, como la HTA. Método: Estudio de casos (pacientes hipertensos con SM y controles (pacientes hipertensos sin SM. Mediante muestreo sistemático de la totalidad de individuos hipertensos de un cupo de Atención Primaria con resultados de al menos una analítica sanguínea desde el 1/07/2007 hasta 31/12/2007. El tamaño muestral fue de 137 individuos (casos = pacientes hipertensos con SM = 60 y controles = pacientes hipertensos sin SM=77. Se utilizó el test de regresión logística para el cálculo de la probabilidad de SM disponiendo únicamente del perímetro abdominal. Resultados: Los resultados para el objetivo principal fueron: Probabilidad de SM en población hipertensa=1/(1+2,718281828-(-10+ (perímetro x 0,097, Probabilidad de SM en mujeres hipertensas=1/ (1+2,718281828-(-10+ (perímetro x 0,099, Probabilidad de SM en varones hipertensos=1/(1+2,718281828-(-10+ (perímetro x 0,105. Conclusiones: Utilizando una calculadora podría predecirse la probabilidad de SM en personas hipertensas con el perímetro de cintura como única variable, priorizando mejor a los pacientes con más necesidad preventiva y mayor riesgo cardiovascular. Se propone una tabla con los cálculos ya realizados.

2014 Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI) Oregon Lidar: Metro Portland, OR

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The dataset encompasses 1221.6 square miles in portions of the greater Portland Metro area in the state of Oregon. The highest hit digital surface models (DSM)...

Soldadura TIG de espumas de aluminio. Análisis de los parámetros operacionales de espumado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Portolés, A.

2011-06-01

Full Text Available In this work the influence of main parameters that take part during TIG welding process are analyzed. Some of these parameters belong to the welding process, as for example the welding speed, intensity and voltage while others are from the material and tooling features, as for example foaming material and tooling design. The result of this work shows a strong dependence on these parameters of the TIG welding process for metallic foams.

En este trabajo se analiza la influencia de los principales parámetros que intervienen en el proceso de soldadura TIG. Algunos de estos parámetros pertenecen al proceso de soldadura, velocidad de soldadura, intensidad y tensión, mientras otros son propios de las características del material y el utillaje, material precursor y forma de implementar la instalación de ensayo. El resultado de este trabajo muestra una fuerte dependencia de estos parámetros con el proceso de soldadura TIG para las espumas metálicas de aluminio.

Un algoritmo de replanificación en tiempo real basado en un índice de estabilidad de Lyapunov para líneas de metro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Berbey

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Resumen: En este trabajo, se propone un nuevo índice basado en el método directo de Lyapunov para el diseño de un algoritmo de reprogramación en tiempo real para líneas de metro. En este estudio se utiliza una versión modificada de un modelo de espacio de estados en tiempo real discreto, que considera los efectos de saturación en la línea de metro. Una vez que el modelo de espacio de estados se ha obtenido, el método directo de Lyapunov se aplica con el fin de analizar la estabilidad del sistema de la línea de metro. Como resultado de este análisis no sólo se propone un nuevo índice de estabilidad, sino también la creación de tres zonas de estabilidad para indicar el estado actual del sistema. Finalmente, se presenta un nuevo algoritmo que permite la reprogramación del calendario de los trenes en tiempo real en presencia de perturbaciones medianas. Abstract: A new Lyapunov-based index for designing a rescheduling algorithm in real time for metro lines has been proposed in this paper. A modified real time discrete space state model which considers saturation effects in the metro line has been utilized in this study. Once the space state model has been obtained, the direct method of Lyapunov is applied in order to analyze the stability of the metro line system. As a result of this analysis not only a new stability index is proposed, but also the establishment of three stability zones to indicate the current state of the system. Finally, a new algorithm which allows the rescheduling of the timetable in the real time of the trains under presence of medium disturbances has been presented. Palabras clave: Sistema de metro, estabilidad de Lyapunov, planificación en tiempo real, Keywords: Metro system, Lyapunov stability, real time planning, traffic regulation

Novo tipo de evaporímetro terrestre A new type of evaporimeter

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Rino N. Tosello

1960-01-01

Full Text Available No presente trabalho descreve-se um novo tipo de evaporímetro, cujo princípio de funcionamento está baseado em leis físicas que regem o fenômeno de tensão superficial. Neste tipo de evaporímetro a medida da evaporação é feita por processo volumétrieo, dispensando o emprego de mecanismos de precisão e dispendiosos. Foi feita uma análise matemática do princípio de funcionamento do novo evaporímetro, demonstrando-se oferecer exatidão plenamente satisfatória para propósitos práticos. São dados suficientes detalhes construtivos, de instalação e operação, a fim de permitir que pessoas e entidades interessadas possam reproduzi-lo e comprovar as vantagens de seu emprêgo.In this paper is described a new type of evaporimeter, the principle of operation of which is based on physical laws governing the surface tension phenomenon. The measurement of evaporation in, the new evaporimeter, described as Evaporimeter IA-58, is made by simple volumetric procedure, thus avoiding the use of precise and expensive mechanisms. A mathematical analysis of the principle of operation is made, and proves that the new evaporimeter can offer satisfactory xeaults for practical use. The operation of the new evaporimeter is very simple, since only volumetric measurements are made, with a graduated cylinder of 1000 ml, both of the added water to restore the water level to the same initial level and the outflown or excess water. It is believed that enough details are given to allow the understanding of the construction, installation and operation of the new evaporimeter, bo that interested persons or organizations could have the model reproduced and verify the advantage of its use.

Selected Private Higher Educational Institutions in Metro Manila: A DEA Efficiency Measurement

Science.gov (United States)

de Guzman, Maria Corazon Gwendolyn N.; Cabana, Emilyn

2009-01-01

This paper measures the technical efficiency of 16 selected colleges and universities in Metro Manila, Philippines, using academic data for the SY 2001-2005. Using the data envelopment analysis (DEA), on average, schools posted 0.807 index score and need additional 19.3% efficiency growth to be efficient. Overall, there are top four efficient…

Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Kisruh Partai Golkar Pasca Keputusan Menkumham Dalam Program Dialog Primetime News Metro TV Dan Kabar Petang TVOne

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Etika Widya Kusumadewi

2016-12-01

Full Text Available In the span of 2014 to 2015, the Golkar Party experienced a tumultuous duality of leadership between Aburizal Bakrie and Agung Laksono version. The Government through the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights issued a decree stating Golkar Party Agung Laksono version is a legitimate stewardship. Two national television news station, Metro TV and TVOne, which are both owned by political party leaders, also 'warm' to the conflict on both sides. This study aims to understand, analyze, describe and compare dialog program Primetime News Metro and Evening News TVOne in framing news Golkar chaotic post-issuance of a decree by the Minister of Justice and Human Rights. Data analysis techniques used in this research is the analysis method with the paradigm framing or constructionist approach. This study uses a model framing analytical approach by using categorization Murray Edelman. From the results of research show can be quite impartial Metro while TVOne are beyond reasonable limits. Both seemed to favor and do not promote objectivity. Media ownership is considered to impact content that do both. Pada rentang waktu 2014 hingga 2015 Partai Golkar mengalami kisruh dualisme kepemimpinan yakni Golkar Aburizal Bakrie versi Munas Bali dan Golkar Agung Laksono versi Munas Jakarta. Menkumham kemudian mengeluarkan SK yang semakin membuat panas tubuh partai. Dua media televisi nasional, Metro TV dan TVOne, yang keduanya dimiliki oleh pimpinan partai politik, turut ‘menghangatkan’ konflik kedua kubu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami, menganalisis, mendeskripsikan serta menbandingkan program dialog Primetime News Metro TV dan Kabar Petang TVOne dalam membingkai pemberitaan kisruh partai Golkar pasca dikeluarkannya SK Menkumham yang isinya menyatakan Golkar Agung Laksono adalah kepengurusan yang sah. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis framing dengan paradigma atau pendekatan konstruksionis. Penelitian ini

Metro passengers’ route choice model and its application considering perceived transfer threshold

Science.gov (United States)

Jin, Fanglei; Zhang, Yongsheng; Liu, Shasha

2017-01-01

With the rapid development of the Metro network in China, the greatly increased route alternatives make passengers’ route choice behavior and passenger flow assignment more complicated, which presents challenges to the operation management. In this paper, a path sized logit model is adopted to analyze passengers’ route choice preferences considering such parameters as in-vehicle time, number of transfers, and transfer time. Moreover, the “perceived transfer threshold” is defined and included in the utility function to reflect the penalty difference caused by transfer time on passengers’ perceived utility under various numbers of transfers. Next, based on the revealed preference data collected in the Guangzhou Metro, the proposed model is calibrated. The appropriate perceived transfer threshold value and the route choice preferences are analyzed. Finally, the model is applied to a personalized route planning case to demonstrate the engineering practicability of route choice behavior analysis. The results show that the introduction of the perceived transfer threshold is helpful to improve the model’s explanatory abilities. In addition, personalized route planning based on route choice preferences can meet passengers’ diversified travel demands. PMID:28957376

Efeito da escarificação sobre alguns parâmetros físicos de um planossolo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R.L.T. Machado

1997-09-01

Full Text Available Em face da importância do planossolo (Albaqualf nas atividades agrícolas desenvolvidas na região Sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, estudou-se o efeito de um escarificador sobre alguns parâmetros físicos desse solo, no Campo Experimental de Máquinas Agrícolas da EMBRAPA-CPACT, no Município do Capão-do-Leão, em novembro de 1994. Analisou-se esse efeito sobre a densidade, porosidade e agregação do solo, utilizando três velocidades de operação do escarificador (4,76; 3,63 e 2,58 km h-1 e dois teores de água (119,6 e 71,7 g kg-1 no solo. Não houve efeito significativo da interação teor de água x velocidade de operação sobre os parâmetros físicos do solo. As condições físicas do solo foram melhoradas, quando o solo foi preparado com maior teor de água no solo, com exceção da densidade e macroporosidade do solo, as quais não foram influenciadas pelo teor de água no solo. A velocidade de deslocamento do escarificador não apresentou influência sobre os parâmetros físicos do solo estudados, com exceção do diâmetro médio geométrico e estabilidade dos agregados do solo, que apresentaram melhores resultados na menor velocidade de deslocamento.

Proyecto de construcción de la línea de Metro Ligero: tramo Monterrozas-Las Rozas

OpenAIRE

Cabañas Pellicer, Darío

2015-01-01

El presente Proyecto Constructivo define las obras necesarias para la construcción de la infraestructura de la línea de Metro Ligero Monterrozas- Las Rozas. La línea comienza discurriendo por el bulevar central de la Calle Camilo José Cela, donde efectúa dos paradas. La primera se encuentra a la altura de la Biblioteca Leon Tolstoi, mientras que la segunda se sitúa entre el Heron City y Las Rozas Village. Se diseña así la línea de transporte guiado urbano tipo metro ligero, y la definición al...

La ampliación del Metro en la periferia de Madrid (1999-2011

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Á Alonso-Neira

2013-09-01

Full Text Available El crecimiento de población y empleo en la metrópoli de Madrid implica un aumento de la movilidad y de su complejidad. Este trabajo analiza cómo influye esta situación en el planeamiento de los transportes públicos del gobierno de Madrid, cuyo principal esfuerzo inversor se ha centrado desde 1999 en la ampliación de la red de Metro hacia los municipios que rodean la ciudad. El análisis de la eficiencia de estas ampliaciones ofrece los siguientes resultados: i el menor coste de la inversión de metro ligero ha permitido reducir los problemas financieros de los gobiernos madrileños; y ii la demanda por los nuevos servicios de transporte aumenta durante los primeros años, aunque desciende posteriormente. Estas conclusiones sugieren la complejidad de las decisiones económicas y políticas de estas ampliaciones, adaptadas a la evolución policéntrica y dispersa de Madrid.

A study of toxic emissions from a coal-fired power plant utilizing an ESP while demonstrating the ICCT CT-121 FGD Project. Final report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1994-06-16

The US Department of Energy is performing comprehensive assessments of toxic emissions from eight selected coal-fired electric utility units. This program responds to the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, which require the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to evaluate emissions of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) from electric utility power plants for Potential health risks. The resulting data will be furnished to EPA utility power plants and health risk determinations. The assessment of emissions involves the collection and analysis of samples from the major input, process, and output streams of each of the eight power plants for selected hazardous Pollutants identified in Title III of the Clean Air Act. Additional goals are to determine the removal efficiencies of pollution control subsystems for these selected pollutants and the Concentrations associated with the particulate fraction of the flue gas stream as a function of particle size. Material balances are being performed for selected pollutants around the entire power plant and several subsystems to identify the fate of hazardous substances in each utility system. Radian Corporation was selected to perform a toxics assessment at a plant demonstrating an Innovative Clean Coal Technology (ICCT) Project. The site selected is Plant Yates Unit No. 1 of Georgia Power Company, which includes a Chiyoda Thoroughbred-121 demonstration project.

Toxicology research projects directory, 1978. Monthly repts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1978-01-01

The Toxicology Research Projects Directory is a monthly publication of ongoing research projects in toxicology and related fields selected from the files of the Smithsonian Science Information Exchange (SSIE). Each issue lists toxicology-related research projects reported to SSIE during the one-month period preceding that issue. Each of the summaries is categorized by scientific discipline and assigned a unique identification number for cross-referencing from the Directory Indexes--Subject, Investigator, Performing Organization, Supporting Agency, and Master Grant Number. The thirteenth issue consists of Cumulative Indexes for the entire volume with referencing to projects in all of the previous twelve issues. The emphasis of the Directory is on the manifestations of the exposure of man and animals to toxic substances. Projects are classified by toxic agents, research orientation, and areas of environmental concern

REGRESIÓN BAYESIANA LINEAL PARA CALIBRAR LOS PARÁMETROS DE UN MODELO DE HORNO DE ARCO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jesser James Marulanda Durango

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Este documento presenta la calibración de los parámetros de un modelo de horno de arco eléctrico, que tiene en cuenta la naturaleza no lineal y la impedancia variable que exhibe este tipo de carga. A partir de la ecuación diferencial no lineal que describe la característica estática voltaje-corriente del arco eléctrico, se establece una ecuación equivalente lineal que facilita el ajuste de las constantes del modelo, usando mediciones reales de voltaje y de corriente tomadas en la etapa más crítica de la operación del horno. Se muestra el procedimiento de ajuste de los parámetros del modelo usando regresión Bayesiana Lineal. Se presenta a través de gráficas, la relación entre los parámetros del modelo de la etapa determinista y el comportamiento de la varianza de las funciones de densidad de probabilidad Gaussianas a posterior con el número de datos usados para la calibración del modelo. La validación de los resultados obtenidos se realiza simulando el modelo con los parámetros estimados para luego comparar éstos con mediciones reales. Se ha utilizado un medidor de Flicker que cumple con el estándar CEI IEC 61000-4-15 para determinar la Sensación Instantánea de Flicker (IFL de las fluctuaciones presentes en las formas de onda reales y simuladas de las corrientes del arco eléctrico. Adicionalmente, se presenta en una gráfica el contenido armónico real y simulado de las corrientes de fase generadas en el horno.

Optimal Energy Management, Location and Size for Stationary Energy Storage System in a Metro Line Based on Genetic Algorithm

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Huan Xia

2015-10-01

Full Text Available The installation of stationary super-capacitor energy storage system (ESS in metro systems can recycle the vehicle braking energy and improve the pantograph voltage profile. This paper aims to optimize the energy management, location, and size of stationary super-capacitor ESSes simultaneously and obtain the best economic efficiency and voltage profile of metro systems. Firstly, the simulation platform of an urban rail power supply system, which includes trains and super-capacitor energy storage systems, is established. Then, two evaluation functions from the perspectives of economic efficiency and voltage drop compensation are put forward. Ultimately, a novel optimization method that combines genetic algorithms and a simulation platform of urban rail power supply system is proposed, which can obtain the best energy management strategy, location, and size for ESSes simultaneously. With actual parameters of a Chinese metro line applied in the simulation comparison, certain optimal scheme of ESSes’ energy management strategy, location, and size obtained by a novel optimization method can achieve much better performance of metro systems from the perspectives of two evaluation functions. The simulation result shows that with the increase of weight coefficient, the optimal energy management strategy, locations and size of ESSes appear certain regularities, and the best compromise between economic efficiency and voltage drop compensation can be obtained by a novel optimization method, which can provide a valuable reference to subway company.

Do 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Represent PAH Air Toxicity?

Science.gov (United States)

Samburova, Vera; Zielinska, Barbara; Khlystov, Andrey

2017-08-15

Estimation of carcinogenic potency based on analysis of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ranked by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the most popular approach within scientific and environmental air quality management communities. The majority of PAH monitoring projects have been focused on particle-bound PAHs, ignoring the contribution of gas-phase PAHs to the toxicity of PAH mixtures in air samples. In this study, we analyzed the results of 13 projects in which 88 PAHs in both gas and particle phases were collected from different sources (biomass burning, mining operation, and vehicle emissions), as well as in urban air. The aim was to investigate whether 16 particle-bound U.S. EPA priority PAHs adequately represented health risks of inhalation exposure to atmospheric PAH mixtures. PAH concentrations were converted to benzo(a)pyrene-equivalent (BaPeq) toxicity using the toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach. TEFs of PAH compounds for which such data is not available were estimated using TEFs of close isomers. Total BaPeq toxicities (∑ 88 BaPeq) of gas- and particle-phase PAHs were compared with BaPeq toxicities calculated for the 16 particle-phase EPA PAH (∑ 16EPA BaPeq). The results showed that 16 EPA particle-bound PAHs underrepresented the carcinogenic potency on average by 85.6% relative to the total (gas and particle) BaPeq toxicity of 88 PAHs. Gas-phase PAHs, like methylnaphthalenes, may contribute up to 30% of ∑ 88 BaPeq. Accounting for other individual non-EPA PAHs (i.e., benzo(e)pyrene) and gas-phase PAHs (i.e., naphthalene, 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene) will make the risk assessment of PAH-containing air samples significantly more accurate.

Estimación de los parámetros del modelo de Heston. Una aplicación al índice IBEX 35

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marabel Romo, Jacinto

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se aborda la calibración de los parámetros del modelo de Heston, utilizando datos correspondientes al índice IBEX 35. Uno de los parámetros más importantes del modelo, es el relativo a la volatilidad de la varianza instantánea. Los resultados muestran que la estimación correspondiente a dicho parámetro, obtenida con datos de volatilidad realizada para el período anterior a la crisis financiera iniciada en agosto de 2007, es considerablemente inferior al obtenido calibrando el modelo a las opciones cotizadas para dicho mes. Por el contrario, el valor estimado con los datos de volatilidad realizada posteriores al inicio de la crisis, es similar al obtenido utilizando volatilidades implícitas. Este hecho muestra el problema para la correcta valoración y gestión del riesgo derivado de las opciones, que conlleva la estimación de los parámetros exclusivamente en base a datos históricos, sin considerar las expectativas que incorporan las volatilidades implícitas de mercado

The Impact of Pollution Prevention on Toxic Environmental Releases from U.S. Manufacturing Facilities.

Science.gov (United States)

Ranson, Matthew; Cox, Brendan; Keenan, Cheryl; Teitelbaum, Daniel

2015-11-03

Between 1991 and 2012, the facilities that reported to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) Program conducted 370,000 source reduction projects. We use this data set to conduct the first quasi-experimental retrospective evaluation of how implementing a source reduction (pollution prevention) project affects the quantity of toxic chemicals released to the environment by an average industrial facility. We use a differences-in-differences methodology, which measures how implementing a source reduction project affects a facility's releases of targeted chemicals, relative to releases of (a) other untargeted chemicals from the same facility, or (b) the same chemical from other facilities in the same industry. We find that the average source reduction project causes a 9-16% decrease in releases of targeted chemicals in the year of implementation. Source reduction techniques vary in effectiveness: for example, raw material modification causes a large decrease in releases, while inventory control has no detectable effect. Our analysis suggests that in aggregate, the source reduction projects carried out in the U.S. since 1991 have prevented between 5 and 14 billion pounds of toxic releases.

Ranking of Metro Corridors Basing on Environmental and Occupational Health Impacts in a Construction Organization in India, Using Madm Approach

OpenAIRE

SUNKU VENKATA-SIVA-RAJA-PRASAD; PASUPULATI VENKATA-CHALAPATHI

2015-01-01

 Infrastructure development being the major construction activity undertaken with the support of the Government to eradicate poor transport infrastructure, to cater to ever-increasing population, to reduce the usage of own vehicle and environmental impact thereof, the concept of mass rapid transit system came into existence. Among the various mass rapid transit system modes, Metro rail construction was picked up in several cities in India. The execution of metro rail involves many painstaking...

Representasi Perempuan Indonesia Dalam Ajang Penghargaan Televisi (Studi Feminisme pada Penghargaan Indihome Women Award Di Metro TV

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ahmad Toni

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Television personality award for the motor marketing television programs itself, the need to raise the rating and share. The awards were recently held by MetroTV devoted to female finalists Indonesia called modern Kartini. This study aimed to describe the representation of women in the awards Indihome Women Award at Metro TV. The method used consciousness-raising method, a method to generate knowledge and awareness in terms of women's issues and women movement within the frame of the mass media (television. This study used a qualitative descriptive method with emphasis on the reality of the media that have a relationship or context with social reality in Indonesia. The results showed the awards event Indihome Women Award in Metro women disepresentasikan as duality and ambiguity in the system of nation building; (1 Women look no further indicate the identity and values alignment on national development map but are represented at the level of the worse off, (2 Women made a movement which is represented as a capitalist agent, (3 Women and the movement into the implementation of a number of representations of themselves and movements performed in the frame of self falsehood.

The effect of topography on the choice of optimal step intermediate supports along the line of the cable metro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lagerev A.V.

2017-09-01

Full Text Available In article was formulated and solved the problem of conditional nonlinear optimization of the distance between inter-mediate supports during the design of the cable metro lines in highly urbanized environment, taking into account not the horizontal surface of the terrain. The optimization problem involves a single-criterion objective function that expresses the cost of construction of the cable metro line (total cost of intermediate supports and their foundations, traction and carrying steel cables and technical equipment. The specified objective function subject to minimization by finding the optimal combination of the distance between intermediate supports and tension carrying ropes with accounting con-structive, modal, structural and planning constraints in the form of nonlinear inequalities. When constructing the objec-tive function were considered three possible forms sagging of carrying ropes, which can be implemented for various values of the efforts of their tension. Analysis was done of the influence of the angle of the longitudinal slope of the surface relief along the line of the cable metro on the value of the optimal distance between intermediate supports de-pending on the design and cost of intermediate supports and at the cost of 1 km line of the cable metro. Quantitative calculations showed that with the increase of the longitudinal slope of the surface construction cost also increases with nonlinear increasing rate. The dependence of the cost of 1 km of line underground cable metro from the parameters of the relief is of extreme character with a pronounced minimum at small angles of inclination of the terrain surface about 3...60 degrees. The position of the minimum is quite stable and only slightly changes when enough significant change in the cost of intermediate supports and installed on them technological equipment. The most effective conditions for the construction of the cable metro is the terrain with considerable

Análise inversa para determinação de parâmetros de deformabilidade de solos

OpenAIRE

Guimarães, Adinele Gomes

2008-01-01

A previsão do comportamento mecânico de maciços de solos requer a utilização de modelos constitutivos que representem mais adequadamente sua relação tensão-deformação. Alguns modelos podem incluir parâmetros de difícil obtenção em laboratório e sua determinação, ao envolver julgamentos de engenharia, é mais bem consumada por usuários experientes de um modelo particular. Alternativamente, os parâmetros podem ser obtidos utilizando a análise inversa. O procedimento matemático consiste, basicame...

Three-dimensional numerical analysis of stress and deformation of surrounding soil in safety construction of metro station

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fung, I W H; Wang, J A; Au, A S K; Zhou, Y F

2008-01-01

Utilizing underground spaces synthetically has become an important task in urban planning and civil engineering in this century. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of technical issues in underground construction and soil engineering, construction safety arouses a great concern in underground construction industry. This paper focused on construction of an underground metro station, numerical analyses are carried out to estimate the possible stresses and deformations of surrounding soil and underground structures under the worse loading conditions to assess the structural design and construction safety. Influences of pit excavation on existing tunnel and surrounding spaces are discussed and the stability of main structure of metro station will be analyzed

Simulación del sistema CBTC en la Línea 1 de Metro de Ho Chi Minh

OpenAIRE

González Barquilla, Roberto

2011-01-01

El objeto del proyecto es simular el tráfico de trenes en una línea de metro bajo el control del sistema CBTC (Control de Trenes Basado en Comunicaciones). El objetivo final es la simulación de una línea de metro, bajo el sistema CBTC, comprobando que cumpla con los requerimientos contractuales de los intervalos de tiempo en la línea y el cumplimiento de la velocidad media en el recorrido de la línea. Para la realización de la simulación se utilizará un programa con el que a partir de los par...

2014 Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI) Oregon Lidar DEM: Metro Portland, OR

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The dataset encompasses 1221.6 square miles in portions of the greater Portland Metro area in the state of Oregon. The highest hit digital surface models (DSM)...

Understanding household energy consumption patterns: When 'West Is Best' in Metro Manila

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sahakian, Marlyne D.

2011-01-01

This paper addresses the topic of energy and development through a multi-disciplinary and systemic approach that combines environmental considerations with a social understanding of consumption. The focus is on electricity usage in the home and specifically lighting and cooling. Set in the urban mega-polis of Metro Manila, the Philippines, energy consumption is first placed in its biophysical perspective: the energy sources and electricity grid are presented, in relation to the Philippines as well as the region. The research findings then explore the social and cultural drivers behind household electricity consumption, revealing in several examples the strong influence of globalization-understood here as the flow of people, remittances, images and ideas. Policy recommendations are provided, based on the research results, with concluding remarks relevant to other similar contexts. - Research highlights: →Metro Manila household electricity consumption is environmentally significant. →The meaning given to electricity services varies by socio-economic group. →Structural conditions, such as building type, can lock-in energy consumption. →Global flows-people, ideas, remittances-influence local consumption patterns. →Social networks, rather than the individual consumer, can influence change.

Influencia de parámetros clínicos sobre la severidad de la recesión gingival localizada

OpenAIRE

A. García-Rubio; A.L. Bujaldón-Daza; A. Rodríguez-Archilla

2015-01-01

Introducción: La recesión gingival localizada es un problema de salud bucodental fundamental porque su progresión conduce a la pérdida dentaria. El propósito de este trabajo fue evaluar la influencia de distintos parámetros clínicos sobre la recesión gingival localizada. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron 40 pacientes con recesión gingival localizada en los que se analizaron diversos parámetros clínicos relacionados con la recesión gingival. Para la comparación de variables cuantitativas se ut...

The Perinatal Mental Health and Wellness Project: Improving perinatal mental health outcomes by working together across sectors

OpenAIRE

Herde, Emily Louise

2018-01-01

This paper reports on the Perinatal Mental Health and Wellness Project which aimed to develop and evaluate a collaborative model for mental health promotion, illness prevention and early intervention in the perinatal period. The project took on a place-based action research approach, developing and trialling the model with expectant parents (n=537) engaged with Redcliffe Hospital Maternity Services in the Metro North Hospital and Health Service in Queensland, Australia, from 2015 – 2017.In Au...

Minimizing employee exposure to toxic chemical releases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Plummer, R.W.; Stobbe, T.J.; Mogensen, J.E.; Jeram, L.K.

1987-01-01

This book describes procedures for minimizing employee exposure to toxic chemical releases and suggested personal protective equipment (PPE) to be used in the event of such chemical release. How individuals, employees, supervisors, or companies perceive the risks of chemical exposure (risk meaning both probability of exposure and effect of exposure) determines to a great extent what precautions are taken to avoid risk. In Part I, the authors develop and approach which divides the project into three phases: kinds of procedures currently being used; the types of toxic chemical release accidents and injuries that occur; and, finally, integration of this information into a set of recommended procedures which should decrease the likelihood of a toxic chemical release and, if one does occur, will minimize the exposure and its severity to employees. Part II covers the use of personal protective equipment. It addresses the questions: what personal protective equipment ensembles are used in industry in situations where the release of a toxic or dangerous chemical may occur or has occurred; and what personal protective equipment ensembles should be used in these situations

El desarrollo de valores de referencia para el perímetro braquial según la estatura y su comparación con otros indicadores utilizados para el tamizaje del estado nutricional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mei Z.

1998-01-01

Full Text Available Durante muchos años se han usado los valores de perímetro braquial inferiores a cierto límite como índice alternativo del estado nutricional de los menores de 5 años de edad en épocas de hambruna o crisis de refugiados y también como método adicional de tamizaje en situaciones normales. Sin embargo, recientemente se ha puesto en duda la independencia del perímetro braquial respecto de la edad y el sexo. Tras revisar las pruebas científicas en las que se basan el uso y la interpretación del perímetro braquial, un Comité de Expertos de la OMS recomendó nuevos valores de referencia de perímetro braquial según la edad en menores de 5 años. Sin embargo, en algunas situaciones es difícil evaluar la edad de un niño y en tales circunstancias el perímetro braquial según la altura puede ser una buena alternativa. La regla QUAC (del inglés Quaker arm circumference para medir la altura es un medio sencillo para determinar el punto de corte del perímetro braquial correspondiente a una altura dada. Este artículo describe los valores de referencia del perímetro braquial y la construcción y uso del medidor QUAC, así como la utilización del método de curvas de características funcionales (receiver operating characteristic curve para evaluar el rendimiento del perímetro braquial, el perímetro braquial según la edad y el perímetro braquial según la altura en la detección de niños malnutridos.

Desenvolvimento de um penetrômetro manual eletrônico - doi: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v33i1.5914

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafael Cesar Tieppo

2011-03-01

Full Text Available O excesso de tráfego de máquinas pode causar compactação prejudicial ao desenvolvimento da cultura. Uma das maneiras de se obter um indicativo de compactação é a resistência do solo à penetração (RSP. Assim, desenvolveu-se um penetrômetro eletrônico, seguindo a norma S313.2 ASAE (1998, tendo a haste 0,0095 m de diâmetro e o cone de 30° com 0,01283 m de diâmetro na base. Para o desenvolvimento do penetrômetro, utilizou-se um sistema para aquisição de dados, sensor de distância, sensor de força e barras circulares de aço inox para confecção da haste e do cone. O aparelho armazena os dados coletados a campo em uma frequência de 4 Hz, sendo estes posteriormente transferidos para um microcomputador, via interface RS232. Por meio de uma planilha eletrônica, os dados podem ser processados de acordo com a necessidade do usuário. Os sensores apresentaram confiabilidade em sua utilização, os arquivos de dados gerados pelo aparelho proporcionaram conforto e confiança no processamento de dados e os dados puderam ser reorganizados conforme a necessidade do usuário para, assim, evitar o erro de leitura pelo processo visual.

Effect of soil contaminant extraction method in determining toxicity using the Microtox(reg.) assay

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harkey, G.A.; Young, T.M.

2000-01-01

This project examined the influence of different extraction methods on the measured toxicity of contaminated soils collected from manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites differing in soil composition and contaminant concentration. Aged soils from a number of MGP sites were extracted using a saline solution, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and Soxhlet extraction. Toxicity was assessed using two forms of Microtox tests: acute aqueous tests on saline and SFE soil extracts and solid-phase tests (SPTs) on soil particles. Microtox SPTs were performed on soils before and after SFE to determine resulting toxicity reduction. Three hypotheses were tested: (1) Toxicity of soil extracts is related to contaminant concentrations of the extracts, (2) measured toxicity significantly decreases with less vigorous methods of extraction, and (3) supercritical fluid extractability correlates with measured toxicity. The EC50s for SPTs performed before and after SFE were not different for some soils but were significantly greater after extraction for other soils tested. The most significant toxicity reductions were observed for soils exhibiting the highest toxicity in both preextraction SPTs and acute aqueous tests. Acute Microtox tests performed on SFE extracts showed significantly lower EC50s than those reported from saline-based extraction procedures. Toxicity of the soils measured by Microtox SPTs was strongly correlated with both SFE efficiency and measures of contaminant aging. Data from this project provide evidence of sequestration and reduced availability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soils extracted via physiologically based procedures compared to vigorous physical extraction protocols

PARÁMETROS INERCIALES PARA EL MODELADO BIOMECÁNICO DEL CUERPO HUMANO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Gutiérrez

2010-09-01

Full Text Available

RESUMEN

El presente trabajo expone una visión general de los parámetros inerciales necesarios para el modelado biomecánico del cuerpo humano desde una perspectiva biomecánica, realizando un análisis retrospectivo, situación actual así como tendencias futuras en este ámbito. El modelado del cuerpo humano implica la determinación de una serie de puntos anatómicos y segmentos interconectados, que deben ser complementados con información inercial como es la masa segmentaria, el vector posición del centro de gravedad, los ejes de un sistema de referencia local segmentario, así como los momentos de inercia. La obtención de estos parámetros inerciales se considera imprescindible para el análisis biomecánico ya que permiten obtener algunas variables consideradas como básicas en cualquier análisis cuantitativo del movimiento, como son el centro de gravedad (CG tanto segmentario como corporal, el momento de inercia (I y el momento angular (H segmentario y corporal.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Biomecánica, parámetros inerciales. .

ABSTRACT

This work gives a general view of the inertial parameters needed for the biomechanical modelling of the human body from the biomechanical point of view, making an analysis of the past, present situations and future tendencies in this subject. Human body modelling needs to determine several anatomical points and interconnected segments, which should be complemented with inertial information such as the segmentary mass, centre of gravity position vector, axes of the local segmentary reference system, and also the moments of inertia. The process of obtaining this inertial parameters is essential for biomechanical analysis since it enables us to obtain several basic variables needed in any quantitative analysis of movement, for example

A Study on the Radio Coverage in Underground Stations of the New Copenhagen Metro System

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Millan, Maria del Carmen de la O; Sørensen, Troels Bundgaard; Mikkelsen, Niels Michael

2013-01-01

In connection with the extension of the Copenhagen Metro system, architects and wireless operators met early in the design phase to plan the radio coverage inside the public areas of the metro transport system. Based on common best practice, an initial design for the antenna installations......, and hence radio coverage, was proposed for a distributed antenna system in each of two distinctly different types of underground stations. In this paper, we describe the considerations for the design, and specifically the modelling and analysis of the underground stations by way of a commercial ray......-tracing tool. Radio coverage results are given for different designs, including different number and types of antennas, their configuration and placement, as well as the dependency on frequency and construction materials and presence of trains on the station platforms. In a practical case like this...

Diseño y construcción de un reloj/termómetro electrónico con visor gigante

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Gutiérrez, Jorge Alfredo; Yapur Auad, Miguel Eduardo

2014-01-01

El crecimiento de la industria electrónica debido a los sistemas muy pequeños, de bajo costo, relativamente complejos, conocidos como circuitos integrados a muy grande escala, ha permitido que en un solo circuito podamos tener una calculadora o un reloj electrónico que remplaza al tradicional reloj mecánico de resorte o al de péndulo. Los termómetros digitales han remplazado a los tradicionales termómetros de mercurio y vidrio; son mucho más precisos y portátiles y pueden brindar algunas f...

Estimación de parámetros en sistemas de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias en modelos farmacocinéticos de dos compartimentos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Arturo Montoya Laos

2013-12-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta una metodología estadística para estimar parámetros de sistemas de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias que modelan la cinética de fármacos en el organismo humano, utilizando modelos de dos compartimentos, los cuales se usan ampliamente en farmacocinética. La necesidad de usar un enfoque estadístico para estimar estos parámetros se debe principalmente a que la cinética de un fármaco varía de un individuo a otro, afectando los valores de los parámetros en el modelo. Se ilustra la metodología y el enfoque estadístico con datos de un estudio realizado en doce individuos, sobre la cinética de la teofilina en sus organismos. El modelo estadístico utilizado supone que para un tiempo dado, las observaciones se modelan con una densidad de probabilidad normal centrada en la solución numérica del sistema y su dispersión cambia en el tiempo, de acuerdo con el valor esperado del proceso. Para estimar los valores de los parámetros se utiliza un enfoque Bayesiano y el sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales se resuelve con un método numérico adecuado.

Parâmetros erosividade da chuva, da enxurrada e da chuva-enxurrada correlacionados com as perdas de solo de um luvissolo

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A. W. Albuquerque

2002-09-01

Full Text Available Foram estudadas as correlações lineares simples, múltiplas e não-lineares entre os parâmetros erosividade da chuva, da enxurrada e da chuva-enxurrada e as perdas de solo provocadas por chuvas erosivas num Luvissolo. Os dados correspondentes ao período de 1986-1990 foram obtidos na estação experimental de Sumé (PB, pertencente à Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB. Para determinar os parâmetros erosividade da chuva, da enxurrada e da chuva-enxurrada, foram analisadas chuvas individuais registradas em 136 pluviogramas. O volume de enxurrada isolado ou em combinação com características da chuva contribuiu, de forma significativa, para melhorar a estimativa das perdas de solo de chuvas individuais. Os parâmetros erosividade da chuva-enxurrada a(Vu α I30b; a(Vu α I5b; a(EIAb e da enxurrada a(Vub foram os melhores estimadores das perdas de solo para chuvas individuais. Dentre os parâmetros da erosividade da chuva, os que melhor se correlacionaram com as perdas de solo foram aqueles que incluíram o produto do volume da chuva pela intensidade máxima em trinta minutos a(VrI30.

A evolução da noção de parâmetros The evolution of the notion of parameter

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mary A. Kato

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta uma retrospectiva do conceito de parâmetro na teoria de Princípios e Parâmetros e mostra que: a no primeiro estágio da teoria, os parâmetros eram concebidos como propriedades associadas a Princípios e b no segundo estágio, como propriedades do léxico, mais especificamente do léxico funcional.. Essa segunda visão também sofreu uma evolução, de um conceito substantivo, para um conceito formal de classes funcionais. O trabalho discute ainda a noção de parâmetros associados a diferentes níveis de representação.This paper presents an overview of the concept of parameter in the Principles and Parameters theory, showing that a in the first stage parameters were conceived as variation associated to the Principles and b in the second stage as properties of the lexicon, and more specifically as properties of functional categories. The latter view has also developed from a substantive conception of functional categories to a more formal abstract characterization of functional heads. The paper also discusses parameters related to different levels of representation.

An overview of the REDIPHEM project

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Duijm, N.J.; Stork, B.; Nielsen, M.

1995-01-01

The Commission of the European Communities has been funding research projects to develop an understanding of chemical and physical phenomena related to industrial hazards, such as toxic and flammable releases and explosions. These projects result in predictive models and experimental data. To make...

Tonometer calibration in Brasília, Brazil Calibragem de tonômetros em Brasília, Brasil

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Fernanda Pires da Silva Abrão

2009-06-01

Full Text Available PURPOSE: To determine calibration errors of Goldmann applanation tonometers in ophthalmic clinics of Brasília, Brazil, and correlate the findings with variables related to tonometers model and utilization. METHODS: Tonometers from ophthalmic clinics in Brasília, Brazil, were checked for calibration errors. A standard Goldmann applanation tonometer checking tool was used to asses the calibration error. Only one trained individual made all verifications, with a masked reading of the results. Data on the model, age, daily use, frequency of calibration checking and the nature of the ophthalmic department - private or public - were collected and correlated with the observed errors. RESULTS: One hundred tonometers were checked for calibration. Forty seven percent (47/100 were out of 1 mmHg range at least at one point checking. Tonometers mounted to slit lamp, with less than 5 years, used in less than 20 patients daily, that had a calibration check on a yearly basis, and those from private office exhibit a lower rate of inaccuracy, but only the first variable was statistically significant. Sixty one percent of tonometers on public hospitals were out of calibration. CONCLUSION: Calibration of tonometers in the capital of Brazil is poor; those from general hospitals are worst, and this fact can lead to inaccurate detection and assessment of glaucoma patients, overall in the population under government assistance.OBJETIVOS: Determinar os erros de calibração dos tonômetros de aplanação de Goldmann em clínicas oftalmológicas de Brasília, Brasil, e correlacioná-los a variáveis relativas ao modelo e à utilização dos aparelhos. MÉTODOS: Tonômetros de clínicas oftalmológicas de Brasília tiveram a calibragem aferida usando um cilindro padrão fornecido pelo fabricante dos aparelhos. Todas as aferições foram realizadas por um só examinador previamente treinado e a leitura das medidas foi mascarada por um observador independente. As medidas

Parâmetros de planta para aprimorar o manejo da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura em milho

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rambo Lisandro

2004-01-01

Full Text Available O milho é uma das culturas mais exigentes em fertilizantes nitrogenados os quais proporcionam os maiores acréscimos no rendimento de grãos. Para manter a planta bem nutrida, há necessidade de estimar corretamente a quantidade de nitrogênio (N que deve ser aplicada no solo, com intuito de satisfazer as suas necessidades durante todo o ciclo. No Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina, o teor de matéria orgânica, a expectativa de rendimento de grãos e a contribuição da cultura antecedente como fonte de N são os parâmetros que têm servido como critério para recomendação de adubação nitrogenada no milho. No entanto, considerando a complexidade da dinâmica do N no solo, e todas as modificações que ocorrem durante a ontogenia desta cultura, outros parâmetros podem ser úteis para auxiliar na decisão sobre o manejo da adubação nitrogenada em cobertura. Vários parâmetros de planta têm sido estudados como indicadores do nível de N no tecido. Dentre estes, destacam-se o teor de nitrato no colmo, o teor e o acúmulo de N na folha e/ou planta e o teor relativo de clorofila na folha. A estimativa do teor de clorofila na folha pelo clorofilômetro tem sido bastante estudada nos últimos anos, em função da sua rapidez, precisão e baixo custo. Esta revisão visa abordar parâmetros de planta que podem ser utilizados como indicadores do nível de N na planta para predizer a necessidade de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura na cultura do milho, objetivando aumentar a eficiência de uso do nutriente e reduzir o impacto ambiental do N aplicado.

Integrated fate and toxicity assessment for site contaminants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

MacDonell, Margaret; Peterson, John; Finster, Molly; Douglas, R.

2007-01-01

Understanding the fate and toxicity of environmental contaminants is essential to framing practical management decisions. Forms and bioavailable concentrations often change over time due to natural physical, chemical, and biological processes. For some sites, hundreds of contaminants may be of initial interest, and even small projects can involve a substantial number of contaminants. With multiple assessments common, attention to effectiveness and efficiency is important, and integrating fate and toxicity information provides a valuable way to focus the analyses. Fate assessments help identify what forms may be present where and when, while toxicity information indicates what health effects could result if people were exposed. The integration process is illustrated by an application for the Hanford site, to support long-term management decisions for the cesium and strontium capsules. Fate data, health-based benchmarks, and related toxicity information were effectively combined to indicate performance targets for chemicals and radionuclides identified for capsule leachate that could migrate to groundwater. More than 50 relevant benchmarks and toxicity context were identified for 15 of the 17 study contaminants; values for chronic drinking water exposure provided the common basis for selected indicators. For two chemicals, toxicity information was identified from the scientific literature to guide the performance targets. (authors)

Framing Persoalan Indonesia Melalui Film Dokumenter Model Direct Cinema (Studi Pada Film-film Dokumenter Terbaik, Program Eagle Award Competitions Di Metro TV)

OpenAIRE

Styo Wibowo, Novin Farid

2013-01-01

FRAMING PERSOALAN INDONESIA MELALUI FILM DOKUMENTER MODELDIRECT CINEMA(STUDI PADA FILM-FILM DOKUMENTER TERBAIK, PROGRAM EAGLEAWARD COMPETITIONS DI METRO TV)Frames Indonesia Issues Through Direct Cinema DocumentaryFilm On Television (Framing Analysis of the 3 Best Documentary Film, Eagle AwardCompetitions Program at Metro TV)Novin Farid Styo WibowoJurusan Ilmu Komunikasi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu PolitikUniversitas Muhammadiyah MalangEmail : TThe research disc...

Environmental ground borne noise and vibration protection of sensitive cultural receptors along the Athens Metro Extension to Piraeus.

Science.gov (United States)

Vogiatzis, Konstantinos

2012-11-15

Attiko Metro S.A., the state company ensuring the development of the Athens Metro network, has recently initiated a new extension of 7.6 km, has planned for line 3 of Athens Metro from Haidari to Piraeus "Dimotikon Theatre" towards "University of Piraeus" (forestation), connecting the major Piraeus Port with "Eleftherios Venizelos" International Airport. The Piraeus extension consists of a Tunnel Boring Machine, 2 tracks and, tunnel sections, as well as 6 stations and a forestation (New Austrian Tunnelling Method) at the end of the alignment. In order to avoid the degradation of the urban acoustic environment from ground borne noise and vibration during metro operation, the assessment of the required track types and possible noise mitigation measures was executed, and for each section and each sensitive building, the ground borne noise and vibration levels will be numerically predicted. The calculated levels were then compared with ground borne noise and vibration level criteria. The necessary mitigation measures were defined in order to guarantee, in each location along the extension, the allowable ground borne Noise and Vibration max. levels inside nearby sensitive buildings taking into account alternative Transfer Functions for ground borne noise diffusion inside the buildings. Ground borne noise levels were proven to be higher than the criterion where special track work is present and also in the case of the sensitive receptor: "Dimotikon Theatre". In order to reduce the ground borne noise levels to allowable values in these sections, the installation of tracks and special track work on a floating slab was assessed and recommended. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

ANÁLISE DE PARÂMETROS OPERATIVOS DO SISTEMA HIDROTÉRMICO BRASILEIRO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Luiza Viana Lisboa

2014-08-01

Full Text Available 10.12957/cadest.2010.15735Neste trabalho será apresentada uma análise compreensiva das condições operativas do parque gerador brasileiro com um número crescente de usinas hidrelétricas com menor capacidade de regularização e uma maior penetração de usinas eólicas e de usinas termelétricas movidas a bagaço de cana de açúcar. Os fatores de participação térmicos adotados no modelo MELP são parâmetros utilizados para definição dos limites de geração média anual de usinas termelétricas nas condições de hidrologia média e crítica. Estes parâmetros são função da configuração do sistema e de dados econômicos como o custo de operação de usinas termelétricas. Será feita uma análise das possíveis alterações dos valores destes fatores ao longo do horizonte de planejamento até 2019, utilizando o programa NEWAVE. Resultados de simulações obtidos com o MELP levando em consideração a característica sazonal da geração serão mostrados e discutidos.

An infrastructure with a unified control plane to integrate IP into optical metro networks to provide flexible and intelligent bandwidth on demand for cloud computing

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Wei; Hall, Trevor

2012-12-01

The Internet is entering an era of cloud computing to provide more cost effective, eco-friendly and reliable services to consumer and business users and the nature of the Internet traffic will undertake a fundamental transformation. Consequently, the current Internet will no longer suffice for serving cloud traffic in metro areas. This work proposes an infrastructure with a unified control plane that integrates simple packet aggregation technology with optical express through the interoperation between IP routers and electrical traffic controllers in optical metro networks. The proposed infrastructure provides flexible, intelligent, and eco-friendly bandwidth on demand for cloud computing in metro areas.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPOSITION AND TOXICITY OF ENGINE EMISSION SAMPLES

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

(1)Mauderly, J; Seagrave, J; McDonald; J (2)Eide,I (3)Zielinska, B (4)Lawson, D

2003-08-24

Differences in the lung toxicity and bacterial mutagenicity of seven samples from gasoline and diesel vehicle emissions were reported previously [1]. Filter and vapor-phase semivolatile organic samples were collected from normal and high-emitter gasoline and diesel vehicles operated on chassis dynamometers on the Unified Driving Cycle, and the compositions of the samples were measured in detail. The two fractions of each sample were combined in their original mass collection ratios, and the toxicity of the seven samples was compared by measuring inflammation and tissue damage in rat lungs and mutagenicity in bacteria. There was good agreement among the toxicity response variables in ranking the samples and demonstrating a five-fold range of toxicity. The relationship between chemical composition and toxicity was analyzed by a combination of principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression (PLS, also known as projection to latent surfaces). The PCA /PLS analysis revealed the chemical constituents co-varying most strongly with toxicity and produced models predicting the relative toxicity of the samples with good accuracy. The results demonstrated the utility of the PCA/PLS approach, which is now being applied to additional samples, and it also provided a starting point for confirming the compounds that actually cause the effects.

Metrology for New Generation Nuclear Power Plants - MetroFission

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Johansson, Lena; Dinsdale, Alan; Keightley, John; Filtz, Jean-Remy; Hay, Bruno; DeFelice, Pierino; Sadli, Mohamed; Plompen, Arjan; Heyse, Jan; Pomme, Stefaan; Cassette, Philippe

2013-06-01

MetroFission project has been looking at solving metrological problems related to a new generation of NPPs. The proposed Gen. IV NPPs are designed to run safely, make efficient use of natural resources, minimize the waste and maintain proliferation resistance. In order to reach these goals, the reactor operation involves higher temperatures, high-energy neutron fluence, different types of fuel where the minor actinides are included etc. The work has focused on improved temperature measurements, investigation of thermal properties of advanced materials, determination of new and relevant nuclear data and development of measurement techniques for radionuclides suitable for Gen. IV NPPs. The improved temperature measurement for nuclear power plant applications includes the development of a new Fe-C fixed point. Robust, repeatable and versatile cells have been constructed and compared with success among the project participants and their melting temperatures have been determined. Methodology of self-validating thermocouples has proven efficient at several fixed point temperatures using different designs. A practical acoustic thermometer has been tested at 1000 deg. C with success thanks to the use of innovative signal processing methods. Mo/Nb thermocouples have been obtained with different sheath materials and tested with the aim to achieve for the first time a reference function determined with the best possible uncertainties. Following reviews of designs and technology proposed for fourth generation nuclear plants effort within this project, with regards to thermal properties of advanced materials for nuclear design, has concentrated on provision of thermodynamic data to support the development of the sodium cooled fast reactor. Data has been critically assessed to represent the potential interaction between the Na coolant and the nuclear fuel taken to be based on (U, Pu)O 2 but incorporating minor actinides such as Np and Am. Data for the fission products and

Effects of Job Accessibility Improved by Public Transport System: Natural Experimental Evidence from the Copenhagen Metro

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pons Rotger, Gabriel Angel; Nielsen, Thomas Alexander Sick

2015-01-01

This study examines the effect of accessibility to urban jobs via a public transport system on individual earnings and commuting behaviour. The effect of improved public transport based accessibility on these outcomes is determined by exploiting the exogenous variation in access to a public rail...... and Metro system resulting from the construction of a new terminal Metro station connecting southern townships to Copenhagen city centre. The results show that public transport based job accessibility has a positive and permanent effect on individual earnings. The increase in earnings is associated...... with a change in commuting patterns as the improved access to public transport facilitates a shift from employment within the township to better paid jobs in the city centre, as well as in other suburbs of the Copenhagen Metropolitan area...

Metro-access integrated network based on optical OFDMA with dynamic sub-carrier allocation and power distribution.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Chongfu; Zhang, Qiongli; Chen, Chen; Jiang, Ning; Liu, Deming; Qiu, Kun; Liu, Shuang; Wu, Baojian

2013-01-28

We propose and demonstrate a novel optical orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA)-based metro-access integrated network with dynamic resource allocation. It consists of a single fiber OFDMA ring and many single fiber OFDMA trees, which transparently integrates metropolitan area networks with optical access networks. The single fiber OFDMA ring connects the core network and the central nodes (CNs), the CNs are on demand reconfigurable and use multiple orthogonal sub-carriers to realize parallel data transmission and dynamic resource allocation, meanwhile, they can also implement flexible power distribution. The remote nodes (RNs) distributed in the user side are connected by the single fiber OFDMA trees with the corresponding CN. The obtained results indicate that our proposed metro-access integrated network is feasible and the power distribution is agile.

DESENVOLVIMENTO, AUTOMAÇÃO E DESEMPENHO DE UM CONSOLIDÔMETRO COM INTERFACE HOMEM-MÁQUINA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reginaldo Barboza da Silva

2015-04-01

Full Text Available O ensaio de consolidação preconiza a utilização de um consolidômetro. Esse equipamento, até então, não era produzido e comercializado no Brasil. Os modelos não automatizados disponíveis para importação, apesar da proposta de baixo custo, ainda são rústicos e necessitam de contínua calibração dos níveis de pressão durante a realização do ensaio. A exclusividade e intervenção de um técnico durante todo o ensaio, associada à precária coleta de dados nesses modelos, ainda são os principais fatores que têm inviabilizado a consolidação desse ensaio na ciência do solo brasileira. Como alternativa a esses problemas, este trabalho teve por objetivos desenvolver e automatizar um consolidômetro a partir de um Controlador Lógico Programável (CLP com interface homem-máquina (IHM. O equipamento é constituído de um gabinete de metal que aloja conjuntos de dispositivos pneumáticos, eletrônico-digital e atuadores de força e posição. O funcionamento de cada dispositivo de forma isolado ou conjugado é gerenciado por meio de um software em linguagem de programação ladder, que, a partir de um CLP com IHM incorporada, possibilita armazenar instruções e implementar funções. A interface entre o PC e o consolidômetro é feita pelo software CA-Linker, v 1.0, projetado especificamente para o equipamento. O uso do CLP com IHM incorporada permitiu o desenvolvimento e a automação do consolidômetro. O desempenho e a eficiência do conjunto de dispositivos (pneumáticos, eletrônico-digital e atuadores de força e pressão foram comprovados pelos excelentes resultados dos valores de deformação e pressão obtidos em função do tempo e, principalmente, do comportamento da curva de compressão, gerada pelos ensaios de compressão.

Migrant modernities and interstices of power: El metro by Donato Ndongo

OpenAIRE

Ilaria Rossini

2011-01-01

Starting from the novel El Metro Donato Ndongo, the article focuses on the relationship that the migrant establishes with Western culture. We highlight the feelings that prevail in the subject when it comes in contact with another world, characterized by innovative spaces and different habits. The subway station, a symbol of modernity in this novel, and an example of the complexity of relationships that arise in the city as a whole, shows that today reality is a blend of "otherness", a scenar...

Non-animal Replacements for Acute Toxicity Testing.

Science.gov (United States)

Barker-Treasure, Carol; Coll, Kevin; Belot, Nathalie; Longmore, Chris; Bygrave, Karl; Avey, Suzanne; Clothier, Richard

2015-07-01

Current approaches to predicting adverse effects in humans from acute toxic exposure to cosmetic ingredients still heavily necessitate the use of animals under EU legislation, particularly in the context of the REACH system, when cosmetic ingredients are also destined for use in other industries. These include the LD50 test, the Up-and-Down Procedure and the Fixed Dose Procedure, which are regarded as having notable scientific deficiencies and low transferability to humans. By expanding on previous in vitro tests, such as the animal cell-based 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) assay, this project aims to develop a truly animal-free predictive test for the acute toxicity of cosmetic ingredients in humans, by using human-derived cells and a prediction model that does not rely on animal data. The project, funded by Innovate UK, will incorporate the NRU assay with human dermal fibroblasts in animal product-free culture, to generate an in vitro protocol that can be validated as an accepted replacement for the currently available in vivo tests. To date, the project has successfully completed an assessment of the robustness and reproducibility of the method, by using sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) as a positive control, and displaying analogous results to those of the original studies with mouse 3T3 cells. Currently, the testing of five known ingredients from key groups (a surfactant, a preservative, a fragrance, a colour and an emulsifier) is under way. The testing consists of initial range-finding runs followed by three valid runs of a main experiment with the appropriate concentration ranges, to generate IC50 values. Expanded blind trials of 20 ingredients will follow. Early results indicate that this human cell-based test holds the potential to replace aspects of in vivo animal acute toxicity testing, particularly with reference to cosmetic ingredients. 2015 FRAME.

Acelerômetro eletrônico e a placa Arduino para ensino de física em tempo real

OpenAIRE

Fábio Saraiva da Rocha; Guilherme Frederico Maranghello; Márcia Maria Lucchese

2013-01-01

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7941.2014v31n1p98 Apresenta-se o projeto de um acelerômetro eletrônico triaxial voltado ao ensino de física experimental. Este dispositivo, quando acoplado adequadamente a um corpo, permite a leitura da aceleração imprimida ao conjunto. O acelerômetro funciona conectado eletronicamente à placa Arduíno sendo capaz de fornecer dados numéricos de aceleração que atualizam no decorrer de uma experiência. Tais dados podem ser disponibilizados através de tabelas e ...

Building capacity in local government for integrated planning to increase physical activity: evaluation of the VicHealth MetroACTIVE program.

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas, M M; Hodge, W; Smith, B J

2009-12-01

Integrated planning is a holistic approach to addressing the needs of local communities built on partnerships between those responsible for development, environmental quality and service provision. This study investigated the extent and key influences on the use of integrated planning to promote physical activity among six metropolitan councils in Melbourne Australia, which took part in the MetroACTIVE Project funded by the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation from 2005 to 2007. The evaluation entailed interviews conducted at the mid-term (N = 67) and completion (N = 50) of the project, and the review of relevant documents. Respondents included elected councillors, chief executive officers, officers from different council divisions and the project staff employed in each council. Three councils showed evidence of integrated planning for physical activity, whereas the remainder focused on the delivery of community participation programs. Leadership from senior management and an organizational culture that supported collaboration across council departments were prerequisites for integrated planning. Employment of a dedicated project officer with skills for engaging management and building partnerships within the organization was important. Barriers to integrated planning were a complex organization structure, high demands on the council due to a growing residential population and a poor climate among staff. Overall, integrated planning was found to be a viable approach for developing a coordinated approach to this issue involving the range of council services and functions. Ongoing strategies are needed to facilitate senior management commitment and organizational capacity for integrated planning, with leadership provided by departments responsible for infrastructure or corporate planning.

Compressed Air Working in Chennai During Metro Tunnel Construction: Occupational Health Problems.

Science.gov (United States)

Kulkarni, Ajit C

2017-01-01

Chennai metropolis has been growing rapidly. Need was felt of a metro rail system. Two corridors were planned. Corridor 1, of 23 km starting from Washermanpet to Airport. 14.3 km of this would be underground. Corridor 2, of 22 km starting from Chennai Central Railway station to St. Thomas Mount. 9.7 km of this would be underground. Occupational health centre's role involved selection of miners and assessing their fitness to work under compressed air. Planning and execution of compression and decompression, health monitoring and treatment of compression related illnesses. More than thirty five thousand man hours of work was carried out under compressed air pressure ranged from 1.2 to 1.9 bar absolute. There were only three cases of pain only ( Type I) decompression sickness which were treated with recompression. Vigilant medical supervision, experienced lock operators and reduced working hours under pressure because of inclement environmental conditions viz. high temperature and humidity, has helped achieve this low incident. Tunnelling activity will increase in India as more cities will soon opt for underground metro railway. Indian standard IS 4138 - 1977 " Safety code for working in compressed air" needs to be updated urgently keeping pace with modern working methods.

Downsizing in the public sector: Metro-Toronto's hospitals.

Science.gov (United States)

Flint, Douglas H

2003-01-01

This study has two objectives. First, to predict the outcomes of a public sector downsizing; second to measure effects of downsizing at organizational and inter-organizational levels. Primary data to assess the organizational level effects was collected through interviews with senior executives at two of Metro-Toronto's hospitals. Secondary data, to assess the inter-organizational effects, was collected from government documents and media reports. Due to the exploratory nature of the study's objectives a case study method was employed. Most institutional downsizing practices aligned with successful outcomes. Procedures involved at the inter-organizational level aligned with unsuccessful outcomes and negated organizational initiatives. This resulted in an overall alignment with unsuccessful procedures. The implication, based on private sector downsizings, is that the post-downsized hospital system was more costly and less effective.

DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN TERMÓMETRO ELECTRÓNICO DIGITAL BASADO EN LA TECNOLOGÍA DE LOS MICROCONTROLADORES

OpenAIRE

Collantes Mendoza, Abraham Eduardo

2015-01-01

En Medicina, en algunos casos existe la necesidad de monitorear la temperatura de dos partes del cuerpo en el mismo instante de tiempo; esto constituye un problema debido a la necesidad de utilizar dos termómetros y observar sus lecturas para monitorear dichas temperaturas. En el presente trabajo se desarrolla una solución basada en el diseño y la construcción de un termómetro electrónico digital que muestra dos lecturas, cuyo objetivo es medir la temperatura corporal, para lo cual se necesit...

Refractómetro de cubeta de sección cuadrada

OpenAIRE

Duque, M.F.; Gómez P, D., S.; Pinilla C, C.C.; Duque D., C.A.

2006-01-01

Con el fin de encontrar un método simple y confiable para medir el índice de refracción de sustancias líquidas, se diseñó y construyó un refractómetro de sección cuadrada de fácil montaje y disponibilidad conveniente en el que además se realizaron pruebas para mezclas liquidas agua - alcohol etílico a diferentes concentraciones de masa. En el presente artículo se presentan los resultados experimentales obtenidos en dichas pruebas, los cuales presentaron valores del índice de refracción con de...

Manômetros artesanais não medem com precisão a pressão de balão dos tubos endotraqueais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raquel Annoni

2015-09-01

Full Text Available RESUMOObjetivo:Testar a concordância entre dispositivos artesanais e um manômetro especificamente projetado para esse fim.Métodos:Testamos em 79 sujeitos a concordância entre as mensurações realizadas com 2 dispositivos artesanalmente adaptados para medir a pressão de balão dos tubos endotraqueais e as obtidas com uso de um manômetro específico para esse fim. A pressão de balão foi medida com um manômetro comercial e com dois dispositivos artesanais montados a partir de esfigmomanômetro aneroides. Os dados foram comparados utilizando os testes de Wilcoxon e Spearman, o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse e a análise do limite de concordância.Resultados:As pressões do balão medidas com os dispositivos artesanais foram significantemente diferentes das medidas obtidas com o dispositivo comercial (as pressões foram mais elevadas nas mensurações obtidas com o dispositivo artesanal 1 e mais baixas nas avaliações realizadas com o dispositivo artesanal 2. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse entre o dispositivo comercial e os dispositivos 1 e 2 foi excelente (0,8; p < 0,001 e bom (0,66; p < 0,001, respectivamente. No entanto, os gráficos de Bland-Altman demonstraram limites amplos de concordância entre os dispositivos 1 e 2 e o dispositivo comercial.Conclusão:Os manômetros artesanais não proporcionam mensurações precisas da pressão do balão, quando comparados a um dispositivo específico para esse fim e, portanto, não devem ser utilizados na avaliação de pacientes mecanicamente ventilados em substituição aos manômetros comerciais específicos para avaliação da pressão do balão.

Uma exposição acidental aos raios X de um difratômetro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valverde N.J. de L.

2000-01-01

Full Text Available As mãos de três trabalhadores foram irradiadas acidentalmente numa indústria em Camaçari, Estado da Bahia, Brasil. O diagnóstico clínico de radiodermite aguda foi possível, antes mesmo da confirmação dosimétrica da ocorrência, em virtude das manifestações cutâneas exibidas, precedidas por um eritema, e também pelas histórias ocupacionais. As avaliações das doses recebidas pelos acidentados, usando-se restituições com dosímetros termoluminescentes, tiveram boa correlação com as doses estimadas em função das manifestações clínicas. A causa imediata do acidente foi a má manutenção do equipamento que levou a sua janela posterior a ficar permanentemente aberta, porém foram fatores contributórios importantes a falta de informação dos empregados sobre os possíveis efeitos biológicos das radiações ionizantes e o não seguimento dos procedimentos operacionais corretos. A descrição deste acidente é importante, face ao grande número de difratômetros existentes em laboratórios, universidades, centros de pesquisa e indústrias. Tais aparelhos são considerados "virtualmente isentos de risco ocupacional", o que não é verdadeiro, como comprova a ocorrência que descrevemos. A evolução médica dos pacientes tem sido satisfatória, especialmente em virtude da baixa energia do feixe de raios X do difratômetro e, em conseqüência, da sua pequena penetração tissular.

Predição de Séries Temporais de parâmetros de Rede WCDMA – HSPA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tiago dos Santos Bezerra

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Em telecomunicações, com o crescimento da demanda de tráfego de dados nas redes de terceira geração (3G, as operadoras de telefonia móvel têm atentado para o direcionamento dos recursos em infraestrutura nos locais onde se identifica maior necessidade. O direcionamento desses investimentos tem o objetivo de manter a qualidade do serviço prestado, principalmente, em regiões urbanas densas. Neste trabalho, é realizada a predição de séries temporais em redes HSPA – WCDMA dos parâmetros: potência recebida (Rx Power, potência de código do sinal recebido (Received Signal Code Power – RSCP, relação energia por chip em função da interferência (Energy per chip/Interference – Ec/Io e taxa de transmissão (throughput na camada física. A coleta dos valores dos parâmetros foi realizada numa rede em pleno funcionamento através de um drive test na cidade de Natal – RN. O modelo utilizado para predição das séries temporais foi o Modelo de Alisamento Exponencial de Holt. O objetivo das predições das séries temporais é verificar para quais parâmetros da rede HSPA – WCDMA o modelo de Holt melhor se adequou.

Sex trafficking and health care in Metro Manila: identifying social determinants to inform an effective health system response.

Science.gov (United States)

Williams, Timothy P; Alpert, Elaine J; Ahn, Roy; Cafferty, Elizabeth; Konstantopoulos, Wendy Macias; Wolferstan, Nadya; Castor, Judith Palmer; McGahan, Anita M; Burke, Thomas F

2010-12-15

This social science case study examines the sex trafficking of women and girls in Metro Manila through a public health lens. Through key informant interviews with 51 health care and anti-trafficking stakeholders in Metro Manila, this study reports on observations about sex trafficking in Metro Manila that provide insight into understanding of risk factors for sex trafficking at multiple levels of the social environment: individual (for example, childhood abuse), socio-cultural (for example, gender inequality and a "culture of migration"), and macro (for example, profound poverty caused, inter alia, by environmental degradation disrupting traditional forms of labor). It describes how local health systems currently assist sex-trafficking victims, and provides a series of recommendations, ranging from prevention to policy, for how health care might play a larger role in promoting the health and human rights of this vulnerable population. Copyright © 2010 Williams, Alpert, Ahn, Cafferty, Konstantopoulos, Wolferstan, Castor, McGahan, and Burke. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Investigating salt and naphthenic acids interactions in the toxicity of oil sands process water to freshwater invertebrates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Turcotte, D.; Kautzman, M.; Wojnarowicz, P.; Cutter, J.; Bird, E.; Liber, K.

2010-01-01

The hot water extraction process used to produce bitumens from oil sands produces a large volume of oil sands process water (OSPW) that contain elevated concentrations of naphthenic acids (NA) and salts. Many oil sands reclamation projects are proposing the use of OSPW as part of reconstructed wetlands projects. This study investigated the toxicity of OSPW to freshwater invertebrates. The toxic interactions between NA and salinity on freshwater invertebrates were assessed. Bioassays with laboratory-cultured Ceriodaphnia dubia were conducted to determine the toxicity of OSPW from selected water bodies. The study showed that while the concentrations of NAs and salinity were elevated in OSPW waters that caused toxic responses, the concentrations of salinity ions varied greatly among the OSPW samples. Results of the study suggested that ion composition may be a factor in toxicity. Interactions between NAs and salinity were then assessed by performing bioassays with mixtures representing major ion combinations in OSPW.

Characterization of toxic waste produced in PYMES manufacturing detergents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Campuzano, Silvia; Camacho, Judith Elena; Alvarez, Alicia

2006-01-01

From the protection of the environment, the problem of the residuals squatter a main place in the environmental administration; presently study a test pilot was standardized, to characterize the toxic waste generated in the production of detergents, to standardize methods of chemical valuation and microbiological of polluted waters that allow later on to apply methods of biological purification and processes of bio-treatment of residuals, the project macro of handling of toxic waste it was addressed this way in small and medium companies producers of detergents. The presence settled down of toxic in the studied waste, represented in surfactants significant amounts, phenols, hydrocarbons, fat and phosphates and the decrease of its quantity in front of the action of bacteria, situation that allowed concluding that the approach to the biotransformation process could be carried out

Metro Optical Networks for Homeland Security

Science.gov (United States)

Bechtel, James H.

Metro optical networks provide an enticing opportunity for strengthening homeland security. Many existing and emerging fiber-optic networks can be adapted for enhanced security applications. Applications include airports, theme parks, sports venues, and border surveillance systems. Here real-time high-quality video and captured images can be collected, transported, processed, and stored for security applications. Video and data collection are important also at correctional facilities, courts, infrastructure (e.g., dams, bridges, railroads, reservoirs, power stations), and at military and other government locations. The scaling of DWDM-based networks allows vast amounts of data to be collected and transported including biometric features of individuals at security check points. Here applications will be discussed along with potential solutions and challenges. Examples of solutions to these problems are given. This includes a discussion of metropolitan aggregation platforms for voice, video, and data that are SONET compliant for use in SONET networks and the use of DWDM technology for scaling and transporting a variety of protocols. Element management software allows not only network status monitoring, but also provides optimized allocation of network resources through the use of optical switches or electrical cross connects.

Thyroid cancer in toxic and non-toxic multinodular goiter

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cerci C

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Background : Many authors have claimed that hyperthyroidism protects against thyroid cancer and believed that the incidence of malignancy is lower in patients with toxic multinodular goiter (TMG than in those with non-toxic multinodular goiter. But in recent studies, it was reported that the incidence of malignancy with TMG is not as low as previously thought. Aim : To compare the thyroid cancer incidence in patients with toxic and non-toxic multinodular goiter. Settings and Design : Histology reports of patients treated surgically with a preoperative diagnosis of toxic and non-toxic multinodular goiter were reviewed to identify the thyroid cancer incidence. Patients having a history of neck irradiation or radioactive iodine therapy were excluded from the study. Materials and Methods : We reviewed 294 patients operated between 2001-2005 from toxic and non-toxic multinodular goiter. One hundred and twenty-four of them were toxic and 170 were non-toxic. Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed by elevated tri-iodothyroinine / thyroxine ratios and low thyroid-stimulating hormone with clinical signs and symptoms. All patients were evaluated with ultrasonography and scintigraphy and fine needle aspiration biopsy. Statistical Analysis Used : Significance of the various parameters was calculated by using ANOVA test. Results : The incidence of malignancy was 9% in the toxic and 10.58% in the non-toxic multinodular goiter group. Any significant difference in the incidence of cancer and tumor size between the two groups could not be detected. Conclusions : The incidence of malignancy in toxic multinodular goiter is not very low as thought earlier and is nearly the same in non-toxic multinodular goiter.

Steroid Hydroxylase Activities as Noninvasive Biomarkers of Toxicant Exposure and Effect

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Leblanc, Gerald

1997-01-01

.... The overall goal of this research project was to test the hypothesis that changes in the metabolic elimination of the steroid hormone testosterone could serve as a non-invasive biomarker of toxicant...

Estudo exploratório da capacidade de pagamento da alocação de água em perímetros irrigados : o caso do Projeto Icó-Mandantes no Sistema Itaparica - PE

OpenAIRE

Mozart Benevides Cruz, José

2005-01-01

O estudo contextualiza a construção da barragem de Itaparica no leito do Rio São Francisco e os perímetros irrigados do Sistema Itaparica. Objetivou-se levantar o perfil dos agricultores que podem vir a arcar com os custos da alocação da água em perímetros irrigados, especificamente explorando o caso do perímetro Icó Mandantes. A pesquisa levantou os custos da CHESF no processo de alocação de água no perímetro, definiu o perfil do reassentado, identificou o perfil dos que têm...

Análisis de los parámetros del modelo NRTL para aminoácidos en mezclas de etanol-agua, empleando el enfoque de la solubilidad relativa

OpenAIRE

Rivera, Andrés; Espinosa, Armando

2016-01-01

Este artículo presenta un análisis alternativo al realizado por Ferreira y colaboradores, sobre datos de solubilidad de aminoácidos en soluciones etanol-agua, mediante la correlación de los parámetros del modelo NRTL. El examen inicial de los parámetros energéticos, para el sistema etanol-agua, mostró una alta correlación que permitió una representación por medio de un modelo modificado de un único parámetro y una regla de mezcla basada en la entalpia de vaporización de los componentes puros....

Estudo da influência do diâmetro do orifício piloto na resistência ao arrancamento do parafuso pedicular The influence of pilot hole diameter on screw oullout resistance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Roberto Benites Vendrame

2008-01-01

Full Text Available A influência do diâmetro do orifício piloto em relação ao diâmetro interno do parafuso na resistência ao arrancamento do parafuso pedicular foi o objetivo do estudo. Foram utilizados parafusos de 5, 6 e 7 mm do sistema USS de fixação vertebral, os quais foram inseridos nos corpos de prova de madeira, poliuretana e osso. O orifício piloto para a inserção do parafuso foi realizado com brocas de diâmetro inferior, igual e superior ao diâmetro interno do parafuso. Ensaios mecânicos de arrancamento foram realizados em máquina universal de teste. Nos corpos de prova de madeira, poliuretana e osso a realização do orifício piloto com brocas de diâmetro maior que o diâmetro interno do parafuso produziu diminuição da força máxima de arrancamento dos implantes nos ensaios de arrancamento, tendo sido observada diferença estatística. O diâmetro da perfuração do orifício piloto em relação ao diâmetro interno do parafuso exerce influência na resistência ao arrancamento do implante, tendo sido observado aumento da resistência ao arrancamento com a utilização de brocas de diâmetro menor que o diâmetro interno e redução da resistência ao arrancamento com a utilização de brocas com diâmetro maior que o diâmetro interno do parafuso.The influence of the diameter of the pilot hole compared to the inner diameter of the screw on the pull-out resistance of a pedicular screw was studied. 5-, 6-, and 7-mm USS system screws for vertebral fixation were inserted into wood, polyurethane and bone test bodies. The pilot hole for screw insertion was drilled with burrs of smaller, equal or wider diameter than the inner diameter of the screw. Mechanical pull-out assays were performed using a universal testing machine. In the wood, polyurethane and bone test bodies, a pilot hole drilled with burrs of a wider diameter than the inner diameter of the screw produced reduced maximum pull-out strength on the implants, with statistical

Urban policy engagement with social sustainability in metro Vancouver.

Science.gov (United States)

Holden, Meg

2012-01-01

This article presents an analysis of social sustainability in comparative theoretical context and as a challenge to the post-political interpretation of sustainability in policy practice at the urban and regional scales. Metro Vancouver provides a case study for improving our understanding of the meaning of social sustainability as a framework for social policy in that it is among the handful of cities around the world currently working to define and enact social sustainability in governance terms. Results of this participant research provide evidence that some cities are politically engaging alternative development pathways using the concept of social sustainability. For sustainable development to retain its promise as an alternative policy framework for cities, social sustainability must be at the forefront.

Toxicity of trichloroethylene (TCE) on some algae and cyanobacteria

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Lukavský, Jaromír; Furnadzhieva, S.; Dittrt, František

2011-01-01

Roč. 86, č. 2 (2011), 226-231 ISSN 0007-4861 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 1M0571 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60050516; CEZ:AV0Z20600510 Keywords : toxicity * cyanobacteria * trichloroethylene Subject RIV: EF - Botanics Impact factor: 1.018, year: 2011

Mollusc reproductive toxicity tests - Development and validation of test guidelines

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ducrot, Virginie; Holbech, Henrik; Kinnberg, Karin Lund

. Draft standard operating procedures (SOPs) have been designed based upon literature and expert knowledge from project partners. Pre-validation studies have been implemented to validate the proposed test conditions and identify issues in performing the SOPs and analyzing test results. Pre-validation work......The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development is promoting the development and validation of mollusc toxicity tests within its test guidelines programme, eventually aiming for the standardization of mollusc apical toxicity tests. Through collaborative work between academia, industry...... and stakeholders, this study aims to develop innovative partial life-cycle tests on the reproduction of the freshwater gastropods Potamopyrgus antipodarum and Lymnaea stagnalis, which are relevant candidate species for the standardization of mollusc apical toxicity tests assessing reprotoxic effects of chemicals...

Dose-dependent transitions in mechanisms of toxicity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Slikker, William; Andersen, Melvin E.; Bogdanffy, Matthew S.; Bus, James S.; Cohen, Steven D.; Conolly, Rory B.; David, Raymond M.; Doerrer, Nancy G.; Dorman, David C.; Gaylor, David W.; Hattis, Dale; Rogers, John M.; Woodrow Setzer, R.; Swenberg, James A.; Wallace, Kendall

2004-01-01

Scientists and decision makers from all sectors agree that risk assessments should be based on the best available science. Several years ago, the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI), a global branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), identified the need for better scientific understanding of dose-dependent transitions in mechanisms of toxicity as one avenue by which the best and latest science can be integrated into the decision making process. In July 2001, the HESI Project Committee on Dose-Dependent Transitions in Mechanisms of Toxicity established a group of academic, government, and industry scientists to engage in active technical discourse on the issue of dose-dependent transitions in mechanisms of toxicity. Over the next 18 months, case studies were examined. These case studies included acetaminophen, butadiene, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, manganese, methylene chloride, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, progesterone/hydroxyflutamide, propylene oxide, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, and zinc (Slikker, W., Jr., Andersen, M.E., Bogdanffy, M.S., Bus, J.S., Cohen, S.D., Conolly, R.B., David, R.M., Doerrer, N.G., Dorman, D.C., Gaylor, D.W., Hattis, D., Rogers, J.M., Setzer, R.W., Swenberg, J.A., Wallace, K., 2004. Dose-dependent transitions in mechanisms of toxicity: case studies. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 201(3), 226-294 (this issue)). The HESI Project Committee sponsored two technical workshops in 2003. The first of these workshops took place on February 12-13, 2003, and was co-sponsored by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, the American Chemistry Council, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the Society of Toxicology, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Additional support was provided by Health Canada. Invited experts from government, academia, and industry provided scientific perspectives and recommendations at the workshop. The purpose of

CYTOTOXICITY AND MUTAGENESIS METHODS FOR EVALUATING TOXICITY REMOVAL FROM WASTEWATERS

Science.gov (United States)

This project was a feasibility study of the effectiveness of a mammalian cell cytotoxicity assay and a mammalian cell mutagenesis assay for monitoring the toxicity and mutagenicity of influent and effluent wastewater at treatment plants. In the cytotoxicity assay, ambient samples...

[The biomonitoring of toxic substances in biological samples of general population].

Science.gov (United States)

Ibarluzea, Jesús; Aurrekoetxea, Juan José; Porta, Miquel; Sunyer, Jordi; Ballester, Ferran

2016-11-01

Many of the world's most developed countries have adopted biomonitoring of toxic substances in order to ascertain their levels in biological samples. These substances get into the body through different environmental exposures. Monitoring toxic substances in biological samples should allow us to ascertain their levels in vulnerable groups, assess their evolution over time, make comparisons with levels observed in other countries, identify groups at risk or with high toxic levels and promote research. The main objective of biomonitoring is to act as a policy design tool to facilitate the implementation of particular measures in various sectors: health, environmental, agricultural and livestock or food industry sectors. In Spain, information on levels of toxic substances of environmental origin is provided by specific studies on health effects from environmental sources, such as the INMA project (INfancia y Medio Ambiente [childhood and environment]). In addition, biomonitoring projects have been implemented in Catalonia and the Canary Islands, together with a national biomonitoring programme in the adult working population. However, further progress is needed to develop a system that covers the general population as well as subgroups at risk, which relies on the collaboration of the involved authorities and the participation of professionals from different sectors and citizen organisations interested in the relationship between health and the environment. Copyright © 2016 SESPAS. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

ANALISIS KESULITAN ANAK TUNAGRAHITA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL OPERASI PENJUMLAHAN DI SEKOLAH LUAR BIASA (SLB HARAPAN IBU METRO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shinta Saputri

2017-12-01

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe the learning difficulties faced by mental retardation students in solving the problem of addition operation. The research was conducted at Harapan Ibu Metro Special School (SLB in the even semester of the academic year 2016/2017. Research subjects consisted of 3 mental retardation students class III SDLB Harapan Ibu Metro who only experienced difficulty learning mathematics (diskalkulia. This research method is qualitative method, approach in research use approach descriptive. The technique of choosing the subject of this research is purposive sampling. Data analysis that refers to Miles and Huberman's opinion such as data reduction, data exposure, data analysis, and conclusion. The results showed that the difficulties faced by students tunagrahita as follows: (1 calculation, (2 difficulty showing numbers, dan (3 the use of erroreous processes in the summing.

Construcción de un calorímetro isoperibolico de inmersión de precisión

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Liliana Giraldo G.

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Se diseña y construye un calorímetro isoperibólico tipo submarino para la medida de calores de inmersión de sólidos en líquidos. La celda calorimétrica, de una capacidad aproximada de 85 mi, se fabrica en vidrio Pyrex y va sumergida dentro de una chaqueta submarina construida en bronce cromado. El conjunto se introduce dentro de un termostato de agua estabilizado a 25 ±0,001 °C. El sensor de temperatura está constituido por termisiores NTC colocados en un puente de Maier transpuesto y provisto de una Fuente de intensidad constante. La sensibilidad del termómetro es del orden de 5 * I O' °C/p V cuando la corriente de medida en el puente es del orden de 1 mA.

Evaluation of Strategies to Reducing Traction Energy Consumption of Metro Systems Using an Optimal Train Control Simulation Model

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Shuai Su

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Increasing attention is being paid to the energy efficiency in metro systems to reduce the operational cost and to advocate the sustainability of railway systems. Classical research has studied the energy-efficient operational strategy and the energy-efficient system design separately to reduce the traction energy consumption. This paper aims to combine the operational strategies and the system design by analyzing how the infrastructure and vehicle parameters of metro systems influence the operational traction energy consumption. Firstly, a solution approach to the optimal train control model is introduced, which is used to design the Optimal Train Control Simulator(OTCS. Then, based on the OTCS, the performance of some important energy-efficient system design strategies is investigated to reduce the trains’ traction energy consumption, including reduction of the train mass, improvement of the kinematic resistance, the design of the energy-saving gradient, increasing the maximum traction and braking forces, introducing regenerative braking and timetable optimization. As for these energy-efficient strategies, the performances are finally evaluated using the OTCS with the practical operational data of the Beijing Yizhuang metro line. The proposed approach gives an example to quantitatively analyze the energy reduction of different strategies in the system design procedure, which may help the decision makers to have an overview of the energy-efficient performances and then to make decisions by balancing the costs and the benefits.

Tabla de vida y parámetros poblacionales de Lobesia botrana (Den. et Schiff. en condiciones de laboratorio

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María E. HERRERA

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Lobesia botrana Den. & Schiff. es plaga cuarentenaria para Argentina. Su reciente introducción en la provincia de Mendoza requiere el estudio de aspectos relacionados al ciclo de vida y parámetros poblacionales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue construir una tabla de vida horizontal, determinar los parámetros demográficos, la duración media de los períodos pre-reproductivo, reproductivo, post-reproductivo, la longevidad adulta, la fecundidad y fertilidad de las hembras bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Los parámetros demográficos de L. botrana obtenidos fueron: tasa intrínseca de crecimiento poblacional (rm de 0,137, tasa neta de reproducción (Ro de 66,82, tiempo generacional (T de 30,51, tasa de incremento finito (λ de 1,073 y el tiempo de duplicación (D de 9,76 días. La fecundidad bruta obtenida (Mx de 134,84 ± 15,68 huevos por hembra, la duración media en días de los períodos pre-reproductivo fue de 1 ± 0,81, reproductivo 6,25 ± 1,25 y post-reproductivo de 2 ± 0,68, la longevidad de la hembra 9,25 ± 1,67 y del macho 8,64 ± 0,83 días.

Reparación general o restablecimiento a kilómetro cero. ¿Cuál es la diferencia? // General repair or reestablishment to zero kilometer. Which is the difference?

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J. Baste González

2003-09-01

Full Text Available En la actualidad se ha presentado con gran énfasis el uso de los agregados y motores que han pasado un proceso derestablecimiento a kilómetro cero. El empleo de los procesos tecnológicos de reparación general de agregados ha sidosiempre un método que en la variante individual es de gran aplicación en los talleres que reparan modelos distintos y enpequeñas cantidades. En la presente nota técnica se hace un análisis de las diferencias y semejanzas entre la reparacióngeneral individual y el restablecimiento a kilómetro cero.Palabras claves: Reparación general, kilómetro cero, reparación de motores.______________________________________________________________________________En la actualidad se ha presentado con gran énfasis el uso de los agregados y motores que han pasado un proceso derestablecimiento a kilómetro cero. El empleo de los procesos tecnológicos de reparación general de agregados ha sidosiempre un método que en la variante individual es de gran aplicación en los talleres que reparan modelos distintos y enpequeñas cantidades. En la presente nota técnica se hace un análisis de las diferencias y semejanzas entre la reparacióngeneral individual y el restablecimiento a kilómetro cero.Palabras claves: Reparación general, kilómetro cero, reparación de motores.

Respuesta láctica de atletas de élite ante un entrenamiento específico para la prueba de 3.000 metros lisos

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Dionisio Alonso Curiel

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo analiza el comportamiento láctico de cuatro atletas de élite (con marcas en 3.000 metros entre 7' 38'' y 8' 08'' ante un estímulo de entrenamiento interválico extensivo medio: 4 × (4 × 400 (102 %, Recuperación: 1' y 3' + 1 × 400 (máxima intensidad, y ante la prueba de competición de 3.000 metros lisos. El estudio evidencia, por una parte y mediante estadística descriptiva, cuál es la respuesta láctica de los atletas a estos estímulos y, por otro lado y mediante análisis inferencial no paramétrico, la idoneidad de este entrenamiento a la hora de mejorar la resistencia láctica en la prueba de 3.000 metros lisos.

Exploring the Factors that Impact on Transit Use through an Ordered Probit Model: the Case of Metro of Madrid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eboli, L.; Forciniti, C.; Mazzulla, G.; Calvo, F.

2016-07-01

The configuration of urban areas is the result of a cyclic relationship between land use and transportation system: the changes in transportation system arrangements influence the localisation of residence and economic activities, as well as the changes in land use affect transportation system characteristics. In this context, by operating on land use, travel demand can be shift from the individual transportation modes to transit systems. In the literature, many conceptual models were proposed to describe the complex relationship between land use and travel behaviour. In addition to spatial variation, the study of travel demand shows the categorical variation of variables. This work aims to analyse the influence of the categorical variation of variables impacting on transit use. An ordered probit model is proposed for evaluating how transit use depends on variables related to socio-economic characteristics of population, territorial features, accessibility, and transportation system. The study case is Madrid metro network (Spain). The results show a strong influence of characteristics of population and land use variables on daily trips made using metro system and highlighted the aspects that mainly impact on the choice to travel by metro, providing useful suggestions for shifting people from individual transportation mode to transit systems. (Author)

Produção e utilização de gotas com diâmetro uniforme The generation and use of uniformly sized droplets

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Hermes Geraldo Corrêa

1982-01-01

Full Text Available A execução da pesquisa com freqüência requer o desenvolvimento de aparelhagem específica. Para estudo dos parâmetros das populações de gotas produzidas por pulverizadores é necessário conhecer o fator de espalhamento de diversas formulações sobre superfícies de amostragem (papel kromekote, melamina (fórmica, vidro etc.. Essa determinação requer aparelhagem geradora de gotas com diâmetro uniforme. Com este objetivo principal, realizou-se o presente trabalho. Além de sua utilização para investigar o comportamento físico da pulverização, o aparelho poderá ter outras aplicações no campo da biologia, como a distribuição uniforme de esporos em dose determinada sobre superfícies vegetais, permitindo, também, observações sobre o efeito tóxico de determinadas doses de defensivos sobre vegetais e animais. O aparelho produziu gotas com diâmetro que, em média, apresentaram coeficiente de variação de 2,36%. o fator de espalhamento para solução aquosa de rodamina a 0,2% sobre papel kromekote apresentou a variação de 1,32 a 1,71 quando se usaram, respectivamente, gotas entre 98 e 325 micra. Para Malathion a 96% de principio ativo, sobre papel kromekote, as gotículas apresentaram fatores de espalhamento variando de 4,09 a 5,18 quando se utilizaram gotas entre 80 e 217 micra. A melamina branca (fórmica apresentou menores variações nesse fator quando lhe foi aplicado o Malathion.This paper deals with the construction and use of a spinning disc atomizer that produces uniformly sized droplets. The device has a special use in the determination of the spread factor on several sampling surfaces (Kromekote paper, glass, plastic etc.. Furthermore, it permits the study of spraying performance, the inoculation of known spore doses of fungi and observations about toxical effects of pesticides on vegetables and animals. The apparatus showed a narrow droplet size spectrum, with a coefficient of variation about 2.36%. The spread

Understanding household energy consumption patterns: When 'West Is Best' in Metro Manila

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sahakian, Marlyne D., E-mail: marlyne.sahakian@graduateinstitute.c [Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Development Studies, 20 rue Rothschild, 1207 Geneva (Switzerland)

2011-02-15

This paper addresses the topic of energy and development through a multi-disciplinary and systemic approach that combines environmental considerations with a social understanding of consumption. The focus is on electricity usage in the home and specifically lighting and cooling. Set in the urban mega-polis of Metro Manila, the Philippines, energy consumption is first placed in its biophysical perspective: the energy sources and electricity grid are presented, in relation to the Philippines as well as the region. The research findings then explore the social and cultural drivers behind household electricity consumption, revealing in several examples the strong influence of globalization-understood here as the flow of people, remittances, images and ideas. Policy recommendations are provided, based on the research results, with concluding remarks relevant to other similar contexts. - Research highlights: {yields}Metro Manila household electricity consumption is environmentally significant. {yields}The meaning given to electricity services varies by socio-economic group. {yields}Structural conditions, such as building type, can lock-in energy consumption. {yields}Global flows-people, ideas, remittances-influence local consumption patterns. {yields}Social networks, rather than the individual consumer, can influence change.

Determinación de propiedades físicas y parámetros de transporte a colas auríferas de mina El Limón

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J. Ramírez

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Los parámetros de transporte de colas mineras y otras propiedades físicas, tales como permeabilidad intrínseca, distribución de tamaño de partículas, porosidad y densidad fueron determinados experimentalmente. Se realizaron experimentos de infiltración en columnas de laboratorio con el fin de determinar; la conductividad hidráulica, las propiedades capilares y estudiar el comportamiento hidrodinámico de las colas auríferas. También se hizo uso de un modelo matemático para simular la infiltración isotérmica unidimensional y ajustar los perfiles experimentales, con el propósito de determinar los parámetros de transporte que describen el proceso de infiltración. Aunque los experimentos se realizaron con diferentes grados de compactación, se obtuvieron parámetros con una coherencia razonable para describir la conductividad hidráulica y las propiedades capilares de las colas por este método. Estos parámetros fueron usados en un modelo simple para simular el lavado con agua del cianuro contenido en las colas auríferas.

Investigation on thermal environment improvement by waste heat recovery in the underground station in Qingdao metro

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Jianwei; Liu, Jiaquan; Wang, Fengyin; Wang, Cuiping

2018-03-01

The thermal environment parameters, like the temperature and air velocity, are measured to investigate the heat comfort status of metro staff working area in winter in Qingdao. The temperature is affected obviously by the piston wind from the train and waiting hall in the lower Hall, and the temperature is not satisfied with the least heat comfort temperature of 16 °C. At the same time, the heat produced by the electrical and control equipments is brought by the cooling air to atmosphere for the equipment safety. Utilizing the water-circulating heat pump, it is feasible to transfer the emission heat to the staff working area to improve the thermal environment. Analyzed the feasibility from the technique and economy when using the heat pump, the water-circulating heat pump could be the best way to realize the waste heat recovery and to help the heat comfort of staff working area in winter in the underground metro station in north China.

URBANISASI, MODERNISASI DAN PERUBAHAN SOSIAL PADA KOMUNITAS LOKAL PERKOTAAN: KASUS KOTA BARU METRO TANJUNG BUNGA, MAKASSAR

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Batara Surya

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This study aims to analyze the spatial physical changes in working as a determinant of social formation changes, processes of social interaction and social adaptation between migrants and local communities in new social formations and consequences of changes in social structure, social processes and cultural patterns of local communities in the Metro Tanjung Bunga area interest. Spatial physical changes take very quickly encourage the acceleration of development and modernization in the Metro Tanjung Bunga area. Working differentiation push social interaction processes between local communities and settlers in new social formations and within the framework to build social relationships and social relations that are integrative towards the fulfillment of basic needs and efforts to maintain the existence, so conditions of social change on local communities. The consequences of social change on local communities is changing of stratification system from simple stratification then evolved toward sharpening of economic stratification and cultural change from traditional agrarian to urban industrial.

Tratamiento magnético sobre parámetros físicos-químicos de muestras de petróleo

OpenAIRE

Campos-Sofia, Melek; León-Cañet, Maida; Silveira-Font, Yadira; Moro Martínez, Alina; Falcón-Hernández, José

2015-01-01

En este trabajo se realizó un estudio de los parámetros físico-químicos a muestras de crudo PCNm-1400 y M-30, antes y después del tratamiento magnético; con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de un campo magnético estático sobre dichos parámetros. Al pasar la muestra de crudo M-30 por un acondicionador magnético de 0,4550 ± 0,009 T, se logra separar hasta un 52,8 % del agua presente en la muestra. No hay evidencias de la influencia del tratamiento magnético en la viscosidad ni en el comportamie...

Novas determinações dos parâmetros atmosféricos das estrelas anãs brancas DA

Science.gov (United States)

Giovannini, O.; Costa, A. F. M.; Kepler, S. O.

2003-08-01

Nós temos selecionado uma amostra de estrelas anãs brancas DA (atmosfera de hidrogênio) a partir dos índices de Strömgren cujos valores estão próximos a região de instabilidade das estrelas anãs brancas DA variáveis, as chamadas estrelas DAV ou ZZ Ceti. O objetivo é determinar os parâmetros fundamentais (temperatura efetiva, Teff, aceleração da gravidade, log g, e massa) destas estrelas para verificar quais os parâmetros estelares estão envolvidos com o mecanismo de pulsação das estrelas DAV. Nós obtemos, até agora, mais de 120 espectros óticos de estrelas DA. Entre as estrelas selecionadas há 20 estrelas variáveis (DAV). Assim, podemos verificar se existem ou não estrelas não variáveis dentro da faixa de instabilidade das estrelas ZZ Ceti. Neste trabalho nós apresentamos a determinação dos parâmetros atmosféricos (temperatura efetiva, Teff, e aceleração da gravidade, log g) das estrelas anãs brancas DA usando os novos modelos de atmosfera ML2/a = 0.6. Estes modelos têm sido utilizados recentemente por fornecerem uma excelente consistência interna na determinação das temperaturas nas regiões do ultra-violeta e ótico. Os parâmetros atmosféricos são determinados espectroscopicamente através da comparação do fluxo de energia das linhas de Balmer (Hb à H9) entre os espectros observados e sintéticos (gerados pelos modelos de atmosfera). As temperaturas obtidas com os novos modelos são, em geral, menores (~ 1000 K menos) que as temperaturas determinadas anteriormente, com modelos ML1. Os valores de log g não mudaram significativamente (menos de 10%). A faixa de instabilidade das DAVs está entre 11000 e 13000 K, consistente com dados de outros autores.

High optical label switching add-drop multiplexer nodes with nanoseconds latency for 5G metro/access networks

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Calabretta, N.; Miao, W.; De Waardt, H.

2016-01-01

We present a novel optical add-drop multiplexer for next-generation metro/access networks by exploiting optical label switching technology. Experimental results of a ring network show nanoseconds add/drop operation including multicasting and power equalization of 50Gb/s data.

VARIACIÓN DE PARÁMETROS FISICOQUIMICOS DURANTE UN PROCESO DE COMPOSTAJE

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Diana María Farias Camero

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Se llevaron a cabo dos procesos de compostaje a partir de residuos lignocelulósicos de rosas durante 165 días aproximadamente. En uno de los procesos la descomposición del material fue realizada sólo por microorganismos (compostaje directo y en el otro fuera de los microorganismos se adicionaron lombrices de tierra Eisenia foetida (compostaje indirecto. El compostaje directo fue realizado en un sistema de compostación denominado "camas" y el proceso indirecto se desarrolló en la etapa inicial en un sistema de "panelas" siendo trasladado posteriormente a una cama. Los dos procesos se manejaron con adiciones de cal, NH4NO3 (20%N y microorganismos. Se tomaron muestras periódicas en diferentes lugares de las pilas y se midió semanalmente la temperatura. En cada una de las muestras se determinaron los siguientes parámetros fisicoquímicos: % humedad, color, pH en relaciones muestra: agua 1:5 y 1:10, cenizas, materia orgánica. Cíe libre de cenizas, carbono, nitrógeno y relación C/N. En el extracto acuoso se determinaron el contenido de carbono orgánico total y nitrógeno, la relación C/N y el porcentaje de hidrosolubles y se hizo un ensayo de germinación en el que se calculó el porcentaje de semillas de berro (Lepidium sativum que germinaron en el extracto. La variación de los parámetros en cada uno de los procesos permifió establecer que los mayores cambios en el material se llevan a cabo durante las etapas iniciales del proceso (fases termófila y mesófila, siendo la presencia de microorganismos el factor limitante de la dinámica del proceso; así mismo la adición de lombrices de tierra no aceleró la mineralización de la materia orgánica. A nivel metodológico se estableció que la determinación del color no es un parámetro efectivo para evaluar el estado de madurez del compost y que, medidas de la temperatura y el porcentaje de germinación pueden realizarse rutinariamente para determinar el avance del proceso. Para

Diseño e Implementación de un Sistema de Seguimiento de Parámetros Ambientales en Plantaciones de Cafe

OpenAIRE

Abad Alameda, Ana Sofía

2016-01-01

Este trabajo plantea el diseño e implementación de un sistema de medición y monitoreo remoto basado, principalmente, en la instalación y operación de una estación meteorológica automática, para el seguimiento remoto de las condiciones ambientales bajo las cuales crece una plantación de café. La estación está dotada con los sensores correspondientes, para medir los parámetros del ambiente (Temperatura, Humedad Relativa, Radiación Solar y Lluvia), parámetros del suelo (Temperatura y Humedad del...

Book Review of 'The Metropolitan Revolution, How Cities and Metros are fixing our Broken Policies and Fragile Economy'

OpenAIRE

Fitzpatrick, Miriam

2014-01-01

Book Reviews for Architecture Ireland of 'The Metropolitan Revolution, How Cities and Metros are fixing our Broken Policies and Fragile Economy', by Bruce Katz and Jennifer Bradley, Published by Brookings Institution Press, 288 pages.

EFFORTS TO INCREASE THE ABILITY TO CHOOSE A SCHOOL GROUP COUNSELING SERVICES THROUGH ADVANCED CLASS IX SMP NEGERI 2 METRO STATE IN 2013

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Rohima Rohima

2016-06-01

Full Text Available SMP Negeri 2 Metro In reality, there are many confused students choose a major program of advanced studies, especially for junior high school students. It is necessary to learn / coaching to the students to be able to choose the school accordingly. Researchers conduct action research through the Guidance Counseling Group in Class IX student of SMP Negeri 2 Metro. The experiment was conducted using two cycles. Recapitulation of data Selecting a program majoring in the process of learning / coaching from the first cycle to the second cycle, there is an increase of 57.06% to 86.35%. The results of the data summary portfolio also increased from 33.32% to 83.33%, and the recapitulation of learning outcomes of students who otherwise Completed Pass also risen from 54.54% increase to 96.96%. Thus concluded indicator of success is to reach the target / as are 95% or more. Keywords: guidance group, select schools, smp negeri 2 metro

Desenvolvimento de um penetrômetro manual eletrônico = Development of an electronic manual penetrometer

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Rafael Cesar Tieppo

2011-01-01

Full Text Available O excesso de tráfego de máquinas pode causar compactação prejudicial ao desenvolvimento da cultura. Uma das maneiras de se obter um indicativo de compactação é a resistência do solo à penetração (RSP. Assim, desenvolveu-se um penetrômetro eletrônico, seguindo a norma S313.2 ASAE (1998, tendo a haste 0,0095 m de diâmetro e o cone de 30° com 0,01283 m de diâmetro na base. Para o desenvolvimento do penetrômetro, utilizou-se um sistema para aquisição de dados, sensor de distância, sensor de força e barras circulares de aço inox para confecção da haste e do cone. O aparelho armazena os dados coletados a campo em uma frequência de 4 Hz, sendo estes posteriormente transferidos para um microcomputador, via interface RS232. Por meio de uma planilha eletrônica, os dados podem ser processados de acordo com a necessidade do usuário. Os sensores apresentaram confiabilidade em sua utilização, os arquivos de dados gerados pelo aparelhoproporcionaram conforto e confiança no processamento de dados e os dados puderam ser reorganizados conforme a necessidade do usuário para, assim, evitar o erro de leitura pelo processo visual.Excess machine traffic can cause compaction that is harmful for crop growth. One way to obtain evidence of soil compaction is to check the mechanical resistance of soil. Thus, an electronic penetrometer was developed according to ASAE (1998 Standard S313.2, featuring a 9.53mm wide diving shaft and a 30° circular stainless steel cone with a 12.83 mm base diameter. The penetrometer was outfitted with a data acquisition system, distance and force sensors, and stainless steel circular bars to construct the diving shaft and cone. The device stores field data collected at a frequency of 4 Hz, which are later transferred onto a microcomputer via a RS232 interface. The collected data can be processed using an electronic spreadsheet according to user needs. The sensors proved reliable during use, and the data files

Microbial Hydrocarbon and ToxicPollutant Degradation Method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schlueter, Dietrich [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Janabi, Mustafa [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); O' Neil, James [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Budinger, Thomas [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

2011-08-16

The goal of this project is to determine optimum conditions for bacterial oxidation of hydrocarbons and long-chain alkanes that are representative of petroleum contamination of the environment. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of concern because of their toxicity, low volatility, and resistance to microbial degradation, especially under anaerobic conditions. The uniqueness of our approach is to use carbon-11 in lieu of the traditional use of carbon-14.

Um Termômetro para as Macro-Prudenciais

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Fabio Kanczuk

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Desenvolvemos um modelo com fricções no crédito tanto para firmas como famílias. Crédito às firmas é tratado como nos modelos de acelerador financeiro (e.g. Bernanke e Gilchrist (1999. Os juros sobre os recursos emprestados às famílias dependem de seu endividamento, como em Curdia e Woodford (2010. O modelo é estimado para o Brasil, utilizado para estudar os episódios de desaceleração, e para a extração dos prêmios de financiamento (destilados a partir de dados não financeiros, os quais são comparados com informações sobre crédito às pessoas físicas e jurídicas. Dessa forma, o obtém-se um termômetro para mensurar como medidas prudenciais sobre o crédito afetam atividade e inflação.

Análisis del rendimiento y parámetros de una tuneladora

OpenAIRE

Requena Molano, Miguel Ángel

2011-01-01

A lo largo de este trabajo se han estudiado diferentes parámetros e incidencias que han ocasionado paradas durante la excavación de un túnel con una tuneladora del tipo TBM, con el fin de que pueda ser de utilidad en futuras obras similares. Este proyecto se ha realizado con el túnel una vez acabado en base a los partes diarios realizados por el personal de la tuneladora, donde quedan registrados los anillos colocados, el material excavado y las paradas ocasionadas por las diferentes...

Piezocomposites metal-cerámica como elementos activos en acelerómetros

OpenAIRE

Ochoa, Pilar; Villegas, Marina; Pons Rovira, José Luis; Fernández Lozano, José Francisco; Bengochea, M. A.

2002-01-01

[ES] Los materiales cerámicos piezoeléctricos presentan un número importante y en continuo aumento de aplicaciones. Entre éstas su utilización como elementos activos en el diseño de acelerómetros posibilita el control de vibraciones en la industria del transporte, aerospacial, robótica e ingeniería civil entre otras. Entre los múltiples diseños como material compuesto destaca, gracias a sus elevados coeficientes de carga efectivos, el denominado tipo címbalo. En este trabajo se compr...

Correlación entre algunos parámetros climáticos y la hora del día en Heredia, Costa Rica.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaime Wright

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Se midieron las radiaciones solar global, infrarroja y ultravioleta, la presión atmosférica, la temperatura del aire, la humedad relativa y la velocidad del viento en Heredia, Costa Rica (latitud 10° 02’ N, longitud 84° 09’ W, altitud 1050 m durante el período de enero 1996 a diciembre 1997, y se correlacionaron con el tiempo local. Este trabajo contribuirá al desarrollo de un modelo para derivar parámetros climáticos a partir de la hora del día. Correlaciones entre parámetros climáticos y el mes del año han sido desarrolladas en investigaciones anteriores. Análisis de regresión entre valores horarios medios mensuales de los parámetros climáticos y el tiempo local mostraron una relación cúbica como mejor método de ajuste. Las observaciones experimentales presentadas en este estudio son consistentes con los esperados procesos físicos conocidos.

Toxicity identification evaluation methods for identification of toxicants in refinery effluents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barten, K.A.; Mount, D.R.; Hackett, J.R.

1993-01-01

During the last five years, the authors have used Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) methods to characterize and identify the source(s) of toxicity in effluents from dozens of municipal and industrial facilities. In most cases, specific chemicals responsible for toxicity have been identified. Although generally successful, the initial experience was that for several refinery effluents, they were able only to qualitatively characterize the presence of organic toxicants; standard toxicant identification procedures were not able to isolate specific organic chemicals. They believe that organic toxicity in these refinery effluents is caused by multiple organic compounds rather than by just a few; evidence for this includes an inability to isolate toxicity in a small number of fractions using liquid chromatography and the presence of very large numbers of compounds in isolated fractions. There is also evidence that the toxicant(s) may be ionic, in that the toxicity of whole effluent and isolated fractions often show increasing toxicity with decreasing pH. Finally, positive-pressure filtration has also reduced toxicity in some samples. In this presentation the authors summarize their experiences with refinery effluents, focusing on typical patterns they have observed and alternative procedures they have used to better understand the nature of these toxicants

Ring aggregation pattern of metro passenger trips: A study using smart card data

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Ziyang; Hu, Yuxin; Zhu, Peng; Qin, Yong; Jia, Limin

2018-02-01

With the widespread implementation of smart cards and with more travel details being recorded, travel patterns can be studied more precisely and deeply. Although considerable attention has been paid to travel patterns, the relationship between travel patterns and the functional structure of a city is yet to be well understood. In this research, we study this relationship by analysing metro passenger trip data (in Beijing and Shenzhen in China and London in the United Kingdom), and we present two unprecedented findings. First, through averaging, a linear relationship is found to exist between individual travel distance and the distance between the origin and the city centre. The underlying mechanism is a travel pattern we call "ring aggregation", i.e., the daily movement of city passengers is aggregated into a ring (with approximately equal distances to the city centre). Then, for commuting trips, the daily travel pattern can be regarded as switching between the outer residential ring and the inner work ring. Second, this linear relationship and the ring aggregation pattern seem to be exclusive characteristics of metro systems (and may also fit other moderate- and long-distance transportation modes) but do not apply to short-distance transportation modes, such as bicycles and taxis. This finding implies that the ring aggregation pattern is a product of the relationship between travel patterns and the city functional structure at a large scope.

Introducing Toxics

OpenAIRE

David C. Bellinger

2013-01-01

With this inaugural issue, Toxics begins its life as a peer-reviewed, open access journal focusing on all aspects of toxic chemicals. We are interested in publishing papers that present a wide range of perspectives on toxicants and naturally occurring toxins, including exposure, biomarkers, kinetics, biological effects, fate and transport, treatment, and remediation. Toxics differs from many other journals in the absence of a page or word limit on contributions, permitting authors to present ...

Pathfinder Innovation Projects: Awardees for 2013

Science.gov (United States)

PIP3 awardees will tackle high-risk, high-reward research ideas with gated funding. Projects include PM toxicity for zebrafish, lab-grown neuron networks, research bias for pharmaceutical chemicals, and innovative chemical life cycle assessments.

Toxic shock syndrome

Science.gov (United States)

Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome; Toxic shock-like syndrome; TSLS ... Toxic shock syndrome is caused by a toxin produced by some types of staphylococcus bacteria. A similar problem, called toxic shock- ...

Modelling the potential for bicycle in access trips to bus, train and metro in Rio de Janeiro

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Carvalho de Souza, Flavia; La Paix Puello, Lissy Cesarina; Brussel, M.J.G.; Orrico, R.; van Maarseveen, M.F.A.M.

2017-01-01

Most studies that address the integration of cycling and public transport (PT) focus on developed countries and deal with multi-modal bicycle-train trips. Little is known about the integration of cycling and other main modes such as bus and metro, especially in developing countries, where entirely

Intervalo hídrico ótimo utilizado como indicador da qualidade física em perímetro irrigado.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thiago Lima da Silva

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Um dos principais parâmetros para se avaliar as condições físicas do solo é o Intervalo Hídrico Ótimo (IHO que tem como conceito a incorporação de uma faixa de quantidade de água, as limitações ao desenvolvimento das plantas por aeração, água disponível e resistência do solo à penetração das raízes. O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o intervalo hídrico ótimo de um Latossolo amarelo distrófico com diferentes usos e manejos no perímetro irrigado Piauí, município de Lagarto-SE. Foram selecionados 4 (quatro  diferentes tipos de usos do solo que tivessem diferentes manejos agrícolas no perímetro irrigado Piauí e três profundidades 0-0,15 m; 0,15-0,30 m e 0,30-0,45 m avaliadas nesses sistemas. Os usos distintos consistiram em: a área sob cultivo de pimenteira malagueta (Capsicum frutensens L; b área sob cultivo de maracujazeiro amarelo (Passiflora edulis sims; c área sob cultivo de maracujazeiro em consórcio com pimenteira malagueta; d área sob pastagem (Brachiaria decumbens. O intervalo hídrico ótimo foi determinado por meio da curva de resistência à penetração e da curva de retenção da água no solo e mostrou-se importante indicador para avaliação da qualidade física do solo avaliado sob diferentes usos no perímetro irrigado Piauí, onde o manejo empregado no solo afetou a qualidade física deste, já que, em profundidades maiores todos os usos apresentam restrições ao desenvolvimento do sistema radicular, sendo que, a pastagem e o consórcio maracujá e a pimenteira apresentam essa restrição já na profundidade superficial 0-0-15m.

Geological and geotechnical characteristics of Metro Manila volcanic soils and their suitability for landfill soil liner

Science.gov (United States)

Mendoza, Edna Patricia; Catane, Sandra; Pascua, Chelo; Zarco, Mark Albert

2010-05-01

Due to the Philippines's island-arc setting, andesitic tuff and volcanic ash constitute two-thirds of the country's agricultural land. In situ weathering of these volcanic sediments produces volcanic soils. Metro Manila volcanic soils were studied to determine their suitability for landfill soil liner. The soils were analyzed using XRD and XRF, and were tested for geotechnical properties. The results show the presence of the smectite group, a swelling variety of clay. The smectite-type clays are weathering products of volcanic glasses which are dominant components of the parental rocks. The high amounts of Al2O3 indicate an Al-rich type of soil. The clay species is either di- or tri-octahedral type, which points to montmorillonite as the main clay species. Swelling clay lowers the permeability of soils and reduces the infiltration and lateral movement of leachates in the ground. Also, geotechnical tests revealed moderate to high plasticity indices and low hydraulic conductivity values. The study shows that the physicochemical characteristics of volcanic soils meet the criteria for a soil liner for future sanitary landfill projects as mandated by RA 9003, a recently ratified solid waste management act of the Philippines. Being widespread, volcanic soils can be viewed as an important resource of the country.

Linking toxicity profiles to pollutants in sludge and sediments

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Stiborová, H.; Kolář, Michal; Vrkoslavová, J.; Pulkrabová, J.; Hajslova, J.; Demnerová, K.; Uhlík, O.

2017-01-01

Roč. 321, zima (2017), s. 672-680 ISSN 0304-3894 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA15-02328S Institutional support: RVO:68378050 Keywords : polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons * Toxicity * Contamination * Sludge * Sediments * Priority pollutants * Constrained correspondence analysis (CCS) Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology OBOR OECD: Other biological topics Impact factor: 6.065, year: 2016

Evolution of the Air Toxics under the Big Sky Program

Science.gov (United States)

Marra, Nancy; Vanek, Diana; Hester, Carolyn; Holian, Andrij; Ward, Tony; Adams, Earle; Knuth, Randy

2011-01-01

As a yearlong exploration of air quality and its relation to respiratory health, the "Air Toxics Under the Big Sky" program offers opportunities for students to learn and apply science process skills through self-designed inquiry-based research projects conducted within their communities. The program follows a systematic scope and sequence…

Toxicity assays applied for evaluation of ionizing radiation and zeolites adsorption as treatment technologies for coloured effluent

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Higa, Marcela Cantelli

2008-01-01

Textile industry is one raising commercial activity in Brazil. This activity has been generating important environmental interferences such as colour and bad biological effects into aquatic environment. Liquid textile effluents are toxic to lived organisms and may present low biological degradability. Although foreseen at federal regulation, the effluent quality is not controlled by toxicity assays in the country. These assays are carried out to determine the potential effects of chemical substances and effluents to cause negative effects to the exposed organisms. The present work aimed whole toxicity evaluation as well as the applicability of two different treatment techniques: ionizing radiation and zeolite adsorption. The efficacy of them were evaluated using eco toxicity bases and real effluents. Two different industries from Sao Paulo State contributed to this project supplying their real effluents. The samples were collected at a Textile Industry and at a Chemical Industry (dying producer) and after the measurement of whole toxicity the samples were submitted to treatments. Toxicity assays were carried out for Daphnia similis and for Vibrio fischeri. Sample irradiations were performed at an Electron Beam Accelerator at CTR/IPEN. Zeolites treatment is an P and D activity from CQMA/IPEN which contributed to this Project. Zeolites v/ere prepared from fly ash previously being used as an adsorber material. Both treatments (electron irradiation and zeolite adsorption) resulted on important toxicity and colour reduction. Concerning irradiation the effluents from chemical industry required higher radiation doses than that from textile activity. The radiation dose to be suggested is 40 kGy (toxicity reduction > 60%) for the chemical effluents and 0.5 kGy for the textile effluents (toxicity reduction > 90%). When zeolite adsorption was evaluated the Z1M6 resulted in 85%o v/hole toxicity reduction and ZC6 resulted in very low efficiency for the effluents of chemical

Pré-melhoramento do camucamuzeiro: estudo de parâmetros genéticos e dissimilaridade

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Walnice Maria Oliveira do Nascimento

2014-08-01

Full Text Available O camucamuzeiro pertence à família Myrtaceae e é espécie em processo de domesticação, encontrada na forma extrativa, a partir de plantas crescendo naturalmente nas margens dos rios e lagos, ou cultivadas em pequenas áreas de terra firme. As estimativas e a compreensão dos parâmetros genéticos desta espécie são importantes para o conhecimento da estrutura genética das populações e para a inferência da diversidade genética presente, além de proporcionar subsídios para predizer os ganhos genéticos e o possível sucesso no programa de melhoramento dessa cultura. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar parâmetros genéticos e a dissimilaridade genética, em acessos existentes no Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de camucamuzeiro, da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Para o estudo, foram analisados 46 progênies, colhidos 40 frutos por planta matriz em completo estádio de maturação (frutos com epicarpo totalmente roxo, sendo avaliados sete caracteres morfoagronômicos: peso de fruto (g, PFR, comprimento de fruto (cm, CFR, diâmetro de fruto (cm, DFR, peso da casca (g, PCS, espessura da casca (cm, ECS, número de sementes (n, NSE, peso de sementes (g, PSE. Por meio do Programa Genes, estimaram-se os componentes de variância, herdabilidade e a variabilidade. A importância relativa de caracteres e dissimilaridades entre as progênies, bem como as correlações genéticas entres os caracteres avaliados também foram estudadas. Verificou-se que há dissimilaridade entre os acessos do BAG de camucamuzeiro e que, por causa das correlações significativas entre as variáveis, podem-se adotar métodos de seleção indireta como ferramenta auxiliar no processo de domesticação e melhoramento desta espécie.

Determinação do parâmetro de suavização ótimo na regressão geograficamente ponderada

OpenAIRE

Mendes, Felipe Franco

2017-01-01

Os modelos da Regressão Geograficamente Ponderada são muito sensíveis à escolha do parâmetro de suavização. E essa escolha é tradicionalmente feita através do algoritmo Otimização por Seção Áurea, ou do inglês Golden Section Search. Esse algoritmo é aplicado com uma função que quantifica a eficiência do modelo, procurando, portanto, o parâmetro ótimo que resulta no melhor modelo. Neste trabalho, estudou-se o comportamento da função de validação cruzada e verificou-se que ela não é estritament...

Automatização de um dinamômetro hidráulico para ensaios de motores de combustão interna

OpenAIRE

Albuquerque, Luiz Eduardo Nunes de

2016-01-01

Esta dissertação apresenta a automatização de um dinamômetro hidráulico instalado na cabine de testes de motores de combustão interna do laboratório de máquinas térmicas da Universidade de Brasília. O dinamômetro é operado por meio de um controlador analógico que comanda o freio do equipamento pela variação da pressão interna gerada pelo vórtice da água no circuito hidráulico. A pressão interna, por sua vez, é controlada por uma válvula borboleta acoplada a um servo motor de corrente contínua...

Introducing Toxics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David C. Bellinger

2013-04-01

Full Text Available With this inaugural issue, Toxics begins its life as a peer-reviewed, open access journal focusing on all aspects of toxic chemicals. We are interested in publishing papers that present a wide range of perspectives on toxicants and naturally occurring toxins, including exposure, biomarkers, kinetics, biological effects, fate and transport, treatment, and remediation. Toxics differs from many other journals in the absence of a page or word limit on contributions, permitting authors to present their work in as much detail as they wish. Toxics will publish original research papers, conventional reviews, meta-analyses, short communications, theoretical papers, case reports, commentaries and policy perspectives, and book reviews (Book reviews will be solicited and should not be submitted without invitation. Toxins and toxicants concern individuals from a wide range of disciplines, and Toxics is interested in receiving papers that represent the full range of approaches applied to their study, including in vitro studies, studies that use experimental animal or non-animal models, studies of humans or other biological populations, and mathematical modeling. We are excited to get underway and look forward to working with authors in the scientific and medical communities and providing them with a novel venue for sharing their work. [...

Determinação de parâmetros reológicos de argamassas e concreto através de técnicas alternativas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. P. Barbosa

Full Text Available As pastas, juntamente com as argamassas e os concretos, são suspensões reativas, cuja consistência é modificada ao longo do tempo, sobretudo pela atuação do cimento. Eles apresentam um comportamento de fluido não-newtoniano e exibem uma viscosidade que varia com a tensão aplicada. Com base em técnicas alternativas, foram determinados, analisados e comparados o comportamento e as propriedades reológicas de argamassas e de concretos a partir de medidas experimentais de abatimento, cálculo da tensão crítica ou de escoamento, com e sem adição de aditivos, assim como valores de viscosidade. As técnicas alternativas utilizadas foram o cilindro de Pashias e o ensaio de abatimento de tronco de cone modificado para as argamassas e os concretos, respectivamente. Os valores de parâmetros reométricos obtidos a partir das técnicas alternativas para as argamassas e concretos testados foram comparados com resultados de ensaios realizados em reômetro, apontando boa aceitação das técnicas alternativas e menos onerosas na determinação de parâmetros reológicos de materiais à base cimentícia. Pôde-se inferir ainda que o modelo reológico binghamiano, com dois parâmetros reológicos (tensão crítica ou de escoamento e viscosidade, mostrou-se como condição necessária e suficiente para representar o comportamento das misturas estudadas neste trabalho.

Optimización de parámetros de deposición de capas delgadas de cobre utilizando diseño de experimentos

OpenAIRE

Shirkavand, Nazanin

2013-01-01

Una investigación, denominada Optimización de parámetros de deposición de capas delgadas de cobre utilizando diseño de experimentos y desarrollada en el Centro de Investigación en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales (CICIMA), de la Universidad de Costa Rica, tuvo como objetivo poder encontrar la relación de los parámetros del magnetrón (presión, potencia y tiempo) con el grosor de formación de las capas delgadas de cobre. Se utilizó el método estadístico de 2K (donde K es el número de parámetr...

Aplicaci??n de los SIG para determinar la variabilidad espacial de par??metros de calidad del mosto de uva. Experiencia en la D.O. Bierzo

OpenAIRE

Rodr??guez P??rez, Jos?? Ram??n, 1968-; ??lvarez Taboada, Mar??a Flor; Peters, Stefan

2008-01-01

Los estudios tradicionales sobre par??metros de calidad del mosto abarcan grandes bloques de vi??edo y se centran en determinar la evoluci??n temporal de estas variables para decidir la ??poca de vendimia m??s adecuada. En este trabajo se propone una metodolog??a para el an??lisis de la variabilidad espacial de los par??metros del mosto y se exponen los resultados obtenidos en la DO Bierzo, para cuatro variedades diferentes de vid. Los resultados permiten identificar zonas homogeneas en cuant...

A perisynaptic ménage à trois between Dlg, DLin-7, and Metro controls proper organization of Drosophila synaptic junctions.

Science.gov (United States)

Bachmann, André; Kobler, Oliver; Kittel, Robert J; Wichmann, Carolin; Sierralta, Jimena; Sigrist, Stephan J; Gundelfinger, Eckart D; Knust, Elisabeth; Thomas, Ulrich

2010-04-28

Structural plasticity of synaptic junctions is a prerequisite to achieve and modulate connectivity within nervous systems, e.g., during learning and memory formation. It demands adequate backup systems that allow remodeling while retaining sufficient stability to prevent unwanted synaptic disintegration. The strength of submembranous scaffold complexes, which are fundamental to the architecture of synaptic junctions, likely constitutes a crucial determinant of synaptic stability. Postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95)/ Discs-large (Dlg)-like membrane-associated guanylate kinases (DLG-MAGUKs) are principal scaffold proteins at both vertebrate and invertebrate synapses. At Drosophila larval glutamatergic neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) DlgA and DlgS97 exert pleiotropic functions, probably reflecting a few known and a number of yet-unknown binding partners. In this study we have identified Metro, a novel p55/MPP-like Drosophila MAGUK as a major binding partner of perisynaptic DlgS97 at larval NMJs. Based on homotypic LIN-2,-7 (L27) domain interactions, Metro stabilizes junctional DlgS97 in a complex with the highly conserved adaptor protein DLin-7. In a remarkably interdependent manner, Metro and DLin-7 act downstream of DlgS97 to control NMJ expansion and proper establishment of synaptic boutons. Using quantitative 3D-imaging we further demonstrate that the complex controls the size of postsynaptic glutamate receptor fields. Our findings accentuate the importance of perisynaptic scaffold complexes for synaptic stabilization and organization.

Produção de biscoitos extrusados de polvilho azedo com fibras: efeito de parâmetros operacionais sobre as propriedades físicas

OpenAIRE

Camargo,Karina Fernandes de; Leonel,Magali; Mischan,Martha Maria

2008-01-01

Neste trabalho buscou-se avaliar o efeito de parâmetros operacionais do processo de extrusão no desenvolvimento de biscoitos de polvilho com fibras, utilizando como matérias-primas o polvilho azedo e o farelo de mandioca. O processamento foi realizado em um extrusor mono-rosca, sendo considerados parâmetros variáveis: temperatura na 3ª zona de extrusão, umidade e porcentagem de fibras na mistura. Para analisar o efeito combinado das variáveis independentes nas características tecnológicas dos...

Discovering less toxic ionic liquids by using the Microtox® toxicity test.

Science.gov (United States)

Hernández-Fernández, F J; Bayo, J; Pérez de los Ríos, A; Vicente, M A; Bernal, F J; Quesada-Medina, J

2015-06-01

New Microtox® toxicity data of 16 ionic liquids of different cationic and anionic composition were determined. The ionic liquids 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, [BMPyr(+)][TFO(-)], 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium chloride, [BMPyr(+)][Cl(-)], hydroxypropylmethylimidazolium fluoroacetate, [HOPMIM(+)][FCH2COO(-)], and hydroxypropylmethylimidazolium glycolate [HOPMIM(+)][glycolate(-)] were found to be less toxic than conventional organic solvent such as chloroform or toluene, accoding the Microtox® toxicity assays. The toxicity of pyrrolidinium cation was lower than the imidazolium and pyridinium ones. It was found that the inclusion of an hydroxyl group in the alkyl chain length of the cation also reduce the toxicity of the ionic liquid. To sum up, the Microtox® toxicity assays can be used as screening tool to easily determined the toxicity of a wide range of ionic liquids and the toxicity data obtained could allow the obtention of structure-toxicity relationships to design less toxic ionic liquids. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Implementasi Program Pembinaan Napi di Lapas Kelas II B Metro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Narsidi Narsidi

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap kesiapan sarana fisik dan nonfisik, jenis program pembinaan yang dilaksanakan, proses pelaksanaan program pembinaan, hasil, dan kemanfaatan program bagi narapidana di Lapas. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif fenomenologis naturalistik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik observasi dan wawancara Teknik analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif dari Miles dan Huberman (1984. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan, bahwa Lapas Kelas II B Metro secara nonfisik masih memiliki kekurangan, baik kuantitas maupun kualitas. Proses pembinaan narapidana di Lapas belum banyak mengadopsi teori pembelajaran orang dewasa sehingga model pembelajarannya masih cenderung menggunakan model pembelajaran anak-anak (paedagogik. Secara umum dapat dikatakan bahwa pembinaan yang dilakukan Lapas dirasakan kemanfaatannya oleh narapidana.Namun, pembinaan yang dilakukan belum dapat memenuhi minat dan kebutuhan narapidana. Kata kunci: implementasi, program, pembinaan, narapidana.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING SCRABBLE AND BINGO GAME TECHNIQUE TOWARD STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY MASTERY AT THE TENTH GRADE OF SMA N 2 METRO ACADEMIC YEAR 2013/2014

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ahmad Rosidi -

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Vocabulary mastery is the activity to enrich the vocabulary, they master the vocabulary in order to be able to master four language skills. The problem formulation of this research are; (1  Is there any difference influence of using Scrabble and Bingo Game Technique toward Students’ Vocabulary Mastery at The Tenth Grade of SMA N 2 Metro Academic Year 2013/3014? (2 Which one is more effective between Scrabble and Bingo Game Technique toward Students’ Vocabulary Mastery at The Tenth Grade of SMA N 2 Metro Academic Year 2013/3014 ?, The object of this research are; (1 To know whether there is any difference Influence of using Scrabble and Bingo Game Technique toward Students’ Vocabulary Mastery at The Tenth Grade of SMA N 2 Metro Academic Year 2013/3014, (2 To know which one is more effective between Scrabble and Bingo Game Technique toward Students’ Vocabulary Mastery at The Tenth Grade of SMA N 2 Metro Academic Year 2013/3014. This research is Quantitative research. Research design that will be used in this research is true experimental design (pretest posttest control group design.. The population of this research is the students’ of SMA N 2 Metro Academic Year 2013/2014 that consist of 660 students. The sample is 60 students. As the sample, 30 as experimental class and 30 as  control class. In taking sample, the researcher used the cluster stratified random sampling. The data collecting tehniques the researcher used try-out, pre-test, treatment and post-test. The data analyzing tehniques, the researcher used normality test, homogenity test and hypothesis test. The differences of both the tehnique are Scrabble Game can make the students feel enjoy, creative and have a challenge and Bingo Game gives the students opportunity to identify the word interestingly. Based on the data analysis, the researcher uses t-test formula. The researcher got the result of tobserved = 3,69 and ttable is 2.00. it means that tobserved > ttable

Toxic organic compounds from energy production

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hites, R.A.

1991-09-20

The US Department of Energy's Office of Health and Environmental Research (OHER) has supported work in our laboratory since 1977. The general theme of this program has been the identification of potentially toxic organic compounds associated with various combustion effluents, following the fates of these compounds in the environment, and improving the analytical methodology for making these measurements. The projects currently investigation include: an improved sampler for semi-volatile compounds in the atmosphere; the wet and dry deposition of dioxins and furans from the atmosphere; the photodegradation and mobile sources of dioxins and furans; and the bioaccumulation of PAH by tree bark. These projects are all responsive to OHER's interest in the pathways and mechanisms by which energy-related agents move through and are modified by the atmosphere''. The projects on gas chromatographic and liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry are both responsive to OHER's interest in new and more sensitive technologies for chemical measurements''. 35 refs., 9 figs.

75 FR 19455 - Intent To Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for the South Bay Metro Green Line Extension...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-14

...; and encourage a mode shift to transit, reducing air pollution and Greenhouse Gas emissions. The EIS... completion of the Metro Rapid Bus Program would be included as well as possible additional feeder bus... widening, traffic engineering actions, bus route restructuring, shortened bus headways, expanded use of...

Interpreting in vitro developmental toxicity test battery results: The consideration of toxicokinetics

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bosgra, S.; Westerhout, J.

2015-01-01

In the EU collaborative project ChemScreen an alternative, in vitro assay-based test strategy was developed to screen compounds for reproductive toxicity. A toxicokinetic modeling approach was used to allow quantitative comparison between effective concentrations in the in vitro test battery and

Measuring Transit Oriented Development of Existing Urban Areas around Metro Stations in Faridabad City

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sat Pal

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Urban population in Indian cities is encouraging auto reliance and having unsafe economic, social and environmental consequences. Land-use-change patterns are the outcome of the complex relations between the human and the physical surroundings. To address these issues the planners are moving beyond land use planning to a sustainable development. Transit and Land use planning are important components to achieve sustainable future of urban development. TOD is a planning tool to encourage this integration. This paper discusses the land use scenario and opportunity around four Metro transit stations in Faridabad city. Different methods and various sets of indicators are considered to evaluate and measure TOD index in this study. This study will evaluate and measure the Faridabad city in the context of land use around Metro Stations to support TOD. This paper seeks to answer how to promote walkable communities, compact and transit-oriented development (TOD that incorporates mixed land use development, including neighbourhood schools, retail and business related space and a mix range of housing types within walkable distance. This paper concludes that the stations area which had a low TOD score needs to have policy for improvement. If planned efficiently, TODs can realize the sustainable development with considerable change in the urban development that focuses on pedestrian based neighbourhood planning.

Parâmetros astrofísicos de estrelas gigantes do aglomerado globular 47 Tucanae

Science.gov (United States)

Alves-Brito, A.; Barbuy, B.

2003-08-01

Os aglomerados globulares são considerados laboratórios astrofísicos para a verificação da teoria de evolução estelar, bem como a trajetória químio-dinâmica das galáxias hospedeiras. Em particular, 47 Tucanae (NGC 104) configura-se como um dos mais extensivamente estudados aglomerados globulares da Galáxia devido a relativa proximidade ao Sol (R¤ = 4.5 kpc) e alta latitute galáctica (b = -44°,89). Neste trabalho, apresentamos a velocidade radial heliocêntrica e os parâmetros atmosféricos (Teff, logg, [Fe/H]) de 5 estrelas gigantes do aglomerado globular 47 Tucanae. Os espectros foram obtidos pelo espectrógrafo UVES (Ultaviolet Visual Echelle Spectrograph) de alta resolução (R = 60000) e alta razão sinal-ruído (S/N > 200), acoplado ao telescópio de 8,2m Kueyen do VLT (Very Large Telescope). Nós encontramos = -22,43 +/- 3,97 km/s, [Fe/H] ~ -0.7, 1,2 estrelas cobrem um intervalo de magnitude 12,2 < V < 14,2. Os parâmetros atmosféricos são fundamentais para a construção de espectros sintéticos de outros aglomerados globulares ricos em metais. Trabalho financiado pela FAPESP e pelo CNPq.

La sensibilidad de los parámetros en el mercado potencial y actual de una organización

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Javier Landa Bercebal

2015-07-01

Full Text Available El sistema del mercado compuesto por el entorno, las organizaciones en competencia y los consumidores/compradores realizan una interacción permanente que se concreta en una trayectoria dinámica. Si el mercado se divide en mercado actual y mercado potencial, el cambio de los consumidores/compradores del uno al otro o simplemente la entrada al mercado actual de una organización cualquiera suponen también un proceso dinámico que depende de variables exógenas al sistema y del valor de los parámetros de ajuste, cuyo origen está en la manera de comportamiento de los individuos que componen el sistema estudiado. La sensibilidad y el estudio de esos valores de los parámetros requieren conocer la posible tendencia del sistema, así como el comportamiento del mismo, dependiendo de la región paramétrica en la que se encuentre.

Toxicity of fluoride to aquatic species and evaluation of toxicity modifying factors.

Science.gov (United States)

Pearcy, Krysta; Elphick, James; Burnett-Seidel, Charlene

2015-07-01

The present study was performed to investigate the toxicity of fluoride to a variety of freshwater aquatic organisms and to establish whether water quality variables contribute substantively to modifying its toxicity. Water hardness, chloride, and alkalinity were tested as possible toxicity modifying factors for fluoride using acute toxicity tests with Hyalella azteca and Oncorhynchus mykiss. Chloride appeared to be the major toxicity modifying factor for fluoride in these acute toxicity tests. The chronic toxicity of fluoride was evaluated with a variety of species, including 3 fish (Pimephales promelas, O. mykiss, and Salvelinus namaycush), 3 invertebrates (Ceriodaphnia dubia, H. azteca, and Chironomus dilutus), 1 plant (Lemna minor), and 1 alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata). Hyalella azteca was the most sensitive species overall, and O. mykiss was the most sensitive species of fish. The role of chloride as a toxicity modifying factor was inconsistent between species in the chronic toxicity tests. © 2015 SETAC.

Níveis de alumínio e o desenvolvimento de porta-enxertos cítricos em cultivo hidropônico: I. Parâmetros biométricos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Santos Carlos Henrique dos

1999-01-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes níveis de alumínio nos parâmetros biométricos dos porta-enxertos cítricos limoeiro Cravo e citrumeleiro Swingle em cultivo hidropônico. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação em Botucatu, SP. Os tratamentos seguiram o delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado, com 3 repetições, em parcelas subdivididas. Os níveis de alumínio utilizados foram: 0; 7,5; 15; 22,5 e 30 mg L-1, na forma de AlCl3 6.H2O em solução nutritiva. Foram avaliados os parâmetros biométricos altura, número de folhas, diâmetro do caule, área foliar, comprimento e volume de raízes. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o citrumeleiro Swingle apresentou-se mais sensível ao alumínio, sendo que, a partir de 7,5 mg L-1 houve redução nos valores destes parâmetros, enquanto que o limoeiro Cravo mostrou-se mais tolerante aos níveis de alumínio.

Air toxics regulatory issues facing urban settings

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Olden, K.; Guthrie, J. [National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC (United States)

1996-10-01

Biomarker research does not exist in isolation. Its usefulness can only be realized when it is translated into prevention strategies to protect public health. In the context of air toxics, these prevention strategies begin with the development of regulatory standards derived from risk assessment schemes. The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 list 189 air toxics, including many volatile organics, metals, and pesticides. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), through its affiliation with the National Toxicology Program, has generated toxicity and carcinogenicity data on more than 100 of these air toxics. The NIEHS extramural and intramural research portfolios support a variety of projects that develop and validate biomarkers for use in environmental health science and risk assessment. Biomarkers have a tremendous potential in the areas of regulating air toxics and protecting public health. Risk assessors need data provided by biomarkers of exposure, biomarkers of close/pharmacokinetics, biomarkers of susceptibility or individual variability, and biomarkers of effects. The greatest benefit would be realized if biomarkers could be employed in four areas of primary and secondary prevention. The first is the use of biomarkers to enhance extrapolation of animal data to human exposure situations in establishing risk standards. The second is the use of biomarkers that assess noncancer, as well as cancer, end points. Important health end points include pulmonary dysfunction, immunotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Third, biomarkers that serve as early warning signs to detect intermediate effects would enhance our ability to design timely and cost-effective intervention strategies. Finally, biomarkers used to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention strategies both in clinical and regulatory settings, would enable us to ensure that programs designed to protect public health do, in fact, achieve the desired outcome. 9 refs., 2 tabs.

GROUND SUBSIDENCE ALONG SHANGHAI METRO LINE 6 BY PS-InSAR METHOD

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. Wu

2018-04-01

Full Text Available With the rapid development of urban economy, convenient, safe, and efficient urban rail transit has become the preferred method for people to travel. In order to ensure the safety and sustainable development of urban rail transit, the PS-InSAR technology with millimeter deformation measurement accuracy has been widely applied to monitor the deformation of urban rail transit. In this paper, 32 scenes of COSMO-SkyMed descending images and 23 scenes of Envisat ASAR images covering the Shanghai Metro Line 6 acquired from 2008 to 2010 are used to estimate the average deformation rate along line-of-sight (LOS direction by PS-InSAR method. The experimental results show that there are two main subsidence areas along the Shanghai Metro Line 6, which are located between Wuzhou Avenue Station to Wulian Road Station and West Gaoke Road Station to Gaoqing Road Station. Between Wuzhou Avenue Station and Wulian Road Station, the maximum displacement rate in the vertical direction of COSMO-SkyMed images is −9.92 mm/year, and the maximum displacement rate in the vertical direction of Envisat ASAR images is −8.53 mm/year. From the West Gaoke Road Station to the Gaoqing Road Station, the maximum displacement rate in the vertical direction of COSMO-SkyMed images is −15.53 mm/year, and the maximum displacement rate in the vertical direction of Envisat ASAR images is −17.9 mm/year. The results show that the ground deformation rates obtained by two SAR platforms with different wavelengths, different sensors and different incident angles have good consistence with each other, and also that of spirit leveling.

The eTOX Data-Sharing Project to Advance in Silico Drug-Induced Toxicity Prediction

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Montserrat Cases

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The high-quality in vivo preclinical safety data produced by the pharmaceutical industry during drug development, which follows numerous strict guidelines, are mostly not available in the public domain. These safety data are sometimes published as a condensed summary for the few compounds that reach the market, but the majority of studies are never made public and are often difficult to access in an automated way, even sometimes within the owning company itself. It is evident from many academic and industrial examples, that useful data mining and model development requires large and representative data sets and careful curation of the collected data. In 2010, under the auspices of the Innovative Medicines Initiative, the eTOX project started with the objective of extracting and sharing preclinical study data from paper or pdf archives of toxicology departments of the 13 participating pharmaceutical companies and using such data for establishing a detailed, well-curated database, which could then serve as source for read-across approaches (early assessment of the potential toxicity of a drug candidate by comparison of similar structure and/or effects and training of predictive models. The paper describes the efforts undertaken to allow effective data sharing intellectual property (IP protection and set up of adequate controlled vocabularies and to establish the database (currently with over 4000 studies contributed by the pharma companies corresponding to more than 1400 compounds. In addition, the status of predictive models building and some specific features of the eTOX predictive system (eTOXsys are presented as decision support knowledge-based tools for drug development process at an early stage.

Estudo e determinação de fatores de influência das dimensões dos frascos de radiofármacos utilizados no IPEN para calibração de ativímetros

OpenAIRE

Elaine Wirney Martins

2010-01-01

A eficiência e a segurança de uma prática de medicina nuclear dependem, entre outros fatores, de um programa de controle de qualidade, principalmente no que diz respeito à utilização de medidores de atividade de radionuclídeos (ativímetros). Dentre as maiores fontes de erro nas medidas realizadas com um ativímetro estão: a espessura, o tamanho e o volume do frasco que contém o radiofármaco, considerando que um ativímetro típico tem a sua resposta reconhecidamente dependente do frasco utilizad...

Incidência Pélvica: um parâmetro fundamental para definição do equilíbrio sagital da coluna vertebral Incidência pélvica: un parámetro fundamental para definir el equilibrio sagital de la columna Pelvic incidence: a fundamental parameter for defining the sagittal balance of the spine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sérgio Afonso Henneman

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho propõe um parâmetro anatômico, a incidência pélvica, como fator chave para a compreensão do alinhamento da coluna vertebral. Existe estreita relação, tanto para indivíduos normais como para indivíduos com deformidades da coluna, entre o parâmetro anatômico de incidência pélvica e a inclinação sacral, determinantes da lordose lombar. O ângulo de Cobb e a rotação vertebral apical servem de instrumento para o entendimento do aspecto tridimensional da coluna vertebral e das relações entre a pelve e a coluna. Uma equação preditiva para lordose é apresentada. A incidência pélvica parece ser o fator determinante do equilíbrio sagital da coluna. Ela determina as curvas da coluna vertebral, variando conforme outros parâmetros.En este trabajo se propone un parámetro anatómico, la incidencia de la pelvis, como el factor clave para entender la alineación de la columna vertebral. Hay estrecha relación, tanto para el normal y para las personas con deformidades de la columna entre el parámetro anatómico de la incidencia de la pelvis y la inclinación del sacro, determinantes de la lordosis lumbar. El ángulo de Cobb y la rotación vertebral apical sirven como una herramienta para entender el aspecto tridimensional de la columna vertebral y de su relación con la pelvis. Se presenta una ecuación de predicción para la lordosis. La incidencia pélvica parece ser el factor determinante del equilibrio sagital de la columna. Dicha ecuación determina las curvas de la columna y varía según otros parámetros.This paper proposes an anatomical parameter, the pelvic incidence, as the key factor for managing the spinal balance. There is a close relationship for both normal individuals and those with spinal deformities between the anatomical parameter of pelvic incidence and the sacral slope, which determine lumbar lordosis. The Cobb angle and the apical vertebral rotation serve as a tool for understanding the three

Parámetros del modelo de infiltración de Horton obtenidos mediante el uso de un simulador de lluvia, Córdoba, Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Francisco Weber

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Se presentan los resultados obtenidos del ajuste de los parámetros del modelo de infiltración de Horton, a partir de los datos experimentales recopilados en una campaña de medición in situ de la capacidad de infiltración en distintos sitios de la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina. Como instrumento se utilizó un microsimulador de lluvia portátil diseñado y construido en el Laboratorio de Hidráulica, UTN-Facultad Córdoba. Este equipo, que es completamente desarmable y define una parcela de ensayo de 1 m², permite generar lluvias de intensidades comprendidas entre los 65 y 120 mm/h. La selección de los sitios de ensayo respondió a dos condiciones: el tipo y el uso del suelo. A su vez, se consideraron distintas condiciones de humedad inicial. Los valores medidos fueron digitalizados y procesados, construyéndose las curvas de infiltración acumulada y tasa de infiltración en función del tiempo. A partir de estos valores, se ajustaron los parámetros del modelo de Horton. Los parámetros así obtenidos, que superan en calidad a los determinados en campañas anteriores utilizando la técnica del infiltrómetro de doble anillo, serán de utilidad en tareas de diseño hidrológico urbano, y representan un aporte original al conocimiento de la respuesta hidrológica de los suelos urbanos de Córdoba. La propuesta podrá repetirse en otros sitios ampliando de esa forma su significación científica.

[Risk assessment and risk control for occupational exposure to chemical toxicants from an isophorone nitrile device].

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Dejun; Fu, Xiaokuan; Kong, Fanling; Sui, Shaofeng; Jiang, Yuanyuan; Du, Yinglin; Zhou, Jingyang

2014-06-01

Risk assessment and risk control for occupational exposure to chemical toxicants were performed on an isophorone nitrile device with an annual production of 5,000 tons, based on improved Singaporean semi-quantitative risk assessment method, with consideration of actual situation in China and in the present project. With the use of engineering analysis and identification of occupational hazards in the improved Singaporean semi-quantitative risk assessment method, hazard rating (HR) and risk assessment were performed on chemical toxicants from an isophorone nitrile device with an annual production of 5,000 tons. The chemical toxicants in the isophorone nitrile device were mainly isophorone, hydrocyanic acid, methanol, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, and sodium cyanide; the HR values were mild hazard (2), extreme hazard (5), mild hazard (2), mild hazard (2), moderate hazard (3), and extreme hazard (5), respectively, and the corresponding exposure rating (ER) values were 2.09, 2.72, 2.76, 1.68, 2.0, and 1.59, respectively. The risk of chemical toxicants in this project was assessed according to the formula Risk = [HR×ER](1/2). Hydrocyanic acid was determined as high risk, sodium hydroxide and sodium cyanide as medium risk, and isophorone, methanol, and phosphoric acid as low risk. Priority in handling of risks was determined by risk rating. The table of risk control measure was established for pre-assessment of occupational hazards. With risk assessment in this study, we concluded that the isophorone nitrile device with 5,000 ton annual production was a high-occupational hazard device. This device is a project of extreme occupational hazard. The improved Singaporean semi-quantitative risk assessment method is a scientific and applicable method, and is especially suitable for pre-evaluation of on-site project with no analogy.

Método de Cobb na escoliose idiopática do adolescente: avaliação dos ângulos obtidos com goniômetros articulados e fixos Método de Cobb en la escoliosis idiopática del adolescente: evaluación de los ángulos obtenidos con goniómetros articulados y fijos Cobb method in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis-angle: evaluation with articulated and fixed goniometers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Laura Loyola Munhoz da Cunha

2009-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: determinar a variação do ângulo de Cobb na escoliose idiopática do adolescente por meio da utilização de dois tipos de goniômetro calibrados: articulado e fixo. MÉTODOS: oito radiografias de pacientes com escoliose idiopática do adolescente, obtidas em aparelho digital, com curva primária grave (acima de 30º foram selecionadas. As imagens de cada uma das oito radiografias das escolioses foram processadas e impressas 36 vezes em película radiográfica (totalizando 228 imagens. As curvas escolióticas tanto primárias como secundárias (17 curvas tiveram suas vértebras-limite pré-determinadas e foram medidas, por seis ortopedistas, atuantes na área de cirurgia da coluna vertebral. Cada examinador recebeu alternadamente um conjunto das 8 escolioses/17 curvas a serem medidas com um goniômetro ora articulado e ora fixo sempre acompanhado de um lápis apropriado para medir radiografias. Os seis ortopedistas mediram cada uma das 17 curvas em seis ocasiões diferentes, sendo que três delas com o goniômetro articulado e três com o goniômetro fixo. O intervalo entre a entrega de cada conjunto não foi inferior a 24 horas. A análise estatística foi feita por meio de testes pareados, para a avaliação da variação entre os diferentes goniômetros pelos mesmos indivíduos, e de comparações por porcentagem, média, coeficientes e índices de variação obtidos, para as demais variáveis estudadas (variação intra e interobservadores. RESULTADOS: entre as 17 curvas avaliadas (A a Q, apenas a curva M mostrou diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os valores angulares obtidos com o goniômetro articulado (média de 33,3+9,1º e com o goniômetro fixo (27,9+4,2º, em que p=0,009. CONCLUSÃO: não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os valores obtidos com o goniômetro articulado e com o goniômetro fixo em 16 das 17 curvas avaliadas na presente amostra. As diferenças observadas entre os goniômetros

Comprehensive assessment of toxic emissions from coal-fired power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brown, T.D.; Schmidt, C.E.; Radziwon, A.S.

1991-01-01

The Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center (PETC) of the US Department of Energy (DOE) has two current investigations, initiated before passage of the Clean Air Act Amendment (CAAA), that will determine the air toxic emissions from coal-fired electric utilities. DOE has contracted with Battelle Memorial Institute and Radian corporation to conduct studies focusing on the potential air toxics, both organic and inorganic, associated with different size fractions of fine particulate matter emitted from power plant stacks. Table 2 indicates the selected analytes to be investigated during these studies. PETC is also developing guidance on the monitoring of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPS) to be incorporated in the Environmental Monitoring plans for the demonstration projects in its Clean Coal Technology Program

Toxicity alarm: Case history

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hogan, D.; Retallack, J.

1993-01-01

In late fall 1991, the Novacor petrochemical plant near Joffre, Alberta experienced a toxicity alarm, the first since its startup 14 years ago. Fish exposed to a normal toxicity test were stressed within 2 h and showed 100% mortality after 24 h. A history of the events leading up to, during, and after the toxicity alarm is presented. The major effluent sources were three cooling water systems. Although these sources are well characterized, the event causes were not immediately clear. Initial toxic screening indicated that one was very toxic, another moderately toxic, and the third not toxic at all. All three systems utilized the same chemical treatment program to avoid fouling: stabilized phosphates with minor variants. The most toxic of the cooling systems operated at 10-12 cycles, had three chemicals for biocide control, and had three makeup streams. Toxic and nontoxic system characteristics were compared. An in-depth modified toxicity identification and evaluation program was then performed to identify and evaluate the cause of the toxicity alarm for future prevention. The most probable causes of toxicity were identified by elimination. The combination of high numbers of cycles, hydrocarbons in the makeup water, and bromine added as an antifoulant resulted in formation of aromatic bromamines which are capable of causing the toxic condition experienced. 2 tabs

The toxicity of oil-contaminated muskeg following biodegradation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Farwell, A.; Kelly-Hooper, F.; McAlear, J.; Sinnesael, K.; Dixon, D.

2009-01-01

The current environmental criteria for the maximum allowable levels of hydrocarbons resulting from an oil spill assume that all detectable hydrocarbons are petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) and do not account for naturally-occurring biogenic hydrocarbons (BHC). As such, some soils may be wrongfully assessed as being PHC contaminated. A false identification could lead to unnecessary and costly bioremediation that is potentially disruptive to functioning ecosystems. This study is part of a larger project to differentiate between natural and petroleum F3 hydrocarbons in muskeg material that has been impacted by an oil spill. The toxicity of oil-contaminated muskeg was examined following biodegradation in laboratory microcosms. Preliminary acute toxicity tests using locally purchased Sphagnum peat moss contaminated with Federated Crude oil had no effect on the survival of earthworms (Eisenia andrei), but springtails (Orthonychiurus folsomi) were more sensitive. Earthworm and springtail reproduction bioassays and a Northern wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolatus) growth bioassay was used to test the crude-oil-contaminated peat. All 3 test species will be used to test for reduced toxicity following biodegradation of Federated Crude oil-contaminated muskeg from northern Alberta under simulated conditions.

The toxicity of oil-contaminated muskeg following biodegradation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Farwell, A.; Kelly-Hooper, F.; McAlear, J.; Sinnesael, K.; Dixon, D. [Waterloo Univ., Waterloo, ON (Canada)

2009-07-01

The current environmental criteria for the maximum allowable levels of hydrocarbons resulting from an oil spill assume that all detectable hydrocarbons are petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) and do not account for naturally-occurring biogenic hydrocarbons (BHC). As such, some soils may be wrongfully assessed as being PHC contaminated. A false identification could lead to unnecessary and costly bioremediation that is potentially disruptive to functioning ecosystems. This study is part of a larger project to differentiate between natural and petroleum F3 hydrocarbons in muskeg material that has been impacted by an oil spill. The toxicity of oil-contaminated muskeg was examined following biodegradation in laboratory microcosms. Preliminary acute toxicity tests using locally purchased Sphagnum peat moss contaminated with Federated Crude oil had no effect on the survival of earthworms (Eisenia andrei), but springtails (Orthonychiurus folsomi) were more sensitive. Earthworm and springtail reproduction bioassays and a Northern wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolatus) growth bioassay was used to test the crude-oil-contaminated peat. All 3 test species will be used to test for reduced toxicity following biodegradation of Federated Crude oil-contaminated muskeg from northern Alberta under simulated conditions.

Siim Nestor soovitab : uute eesti plaatide esitlusõhtud! Metro Luminal. Lu : K. Metsatöll / Siim Nestor

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Nestor, Siim, 1974-

2004-01-01

Rockansambli Metro Luminal plaadi "Reboot" esitlusest Tartu Sadamateatris 9. dets. ja Rock Café's Tallinnas 10. dets.(kaasa teeb DJ Sing). Popansambli Lu:k albumist "Raadiomaja valvelauas" ja ansambli 10. aastapäeva tähistamisest 10. dets. Tallinnas Kunstiakadeemia saalis. Ansambli Metsatöll albumi "Hiiekoda" esitlusest 11.dets. Rock Café's Tallinnas

Diseño y construcción de un teslámetro digital embebido para la caracterización magnética de materiales

OpenAIRE

Velásquez, A. A; Baena Rodríguez, Juliana; Gutiérrez Loaiza, Yhefferson Fernando

2015-01-01

Se presenta el diseño, construcción y validación de un teslámetro digital embebido para uso en experimentos de caracterización magnética de materiales por métodos inductivos y estáticos. El teslámetro se compone de un transductor de efecto Hall THS119 de tipo planar, con salida diferencial y ajustable a diferentes rangos de medida, un amplificador de instrumentación INA129P con ganancia ajustable y un microcontrolador PIC16F873A con convertidor ADC de 10 bits para el procesamiento digital de ...

Antimony Toxicity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shyam Sundar

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Antimony toxicity occurs either due to occupational exposure or during therapy. Occupational exposure may cause respiratory irritation, pneumoconiosis, antimony spots on the skin and gastrointestinal symptoms. In addition antimony trioxide is possibly carcinogenic to humans. Improvements in working conditions have remarkably decreased the incidence of antimony toxicity in the workplace. As a therapeutic, antimony has been mostly used for the treatment of leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis. The major toxic side-effects of antimonials as a result of therapy are cardiotoxicity (~9% of patients and pancreatitis, which is seen commonly in HIV and visceral leishmaniasis co-infections. Quality control of each batch of drugs produced and regular monitoring for toxicity is required when antimonials are used therapeutically.

Differential toxicity and influence of salinity on acute toxicity of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Differential toxicity and influence of salinity on acute toxicity of copper sulphate and lead nitrate against Oreochromis niloticus. KA Bawa-Allah, F Osuala, J Effiong. Abstract. This study investigated the salinity-tolerance of Oreochromis niloticus and the influence of salinity changes on the acute toxicities of copper sulphate ...

Treinamento de sobrecarga muscular não afeta o diâmetro das principais veias dos membros inferiores em mulheres adultas com insuficiência venosa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gigliola Cibele Cunha da Silva

2010-12-01

Full Text Available O exercício físico pode promover benefícios na funcionalidade do sistema venoso. Contudo, tratando-se de exercício com sobrecargas musculares, observa-se contraindicações quanto à sua prática diante da possibilidade da mesma estar relacionada ao agravamento das disfunções venosas. OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos da prática do exercício com sobrecargas musculares sobre o diâmetro venoso de mulheres fisicamente inativas portadoras de insuficiência venosa crônica de membros inferiores. MÉTODOS: Vinte e duas mulheres com idades entre 21 e 58 anos (34,27 ± 12 anos foram divididas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: experimental (n = 12 e controle (n = 10. O treinamento com cargas foi realizado por 16 semanas, e o diâmetro venoso foi medido nas veias safenas magna (em nível da coxa e perna e parva no membro inferior esquerdo por meio de ecodoppler colorido. Utilizou-se a ANOVA por dois fatores para avaliar as possíveis modificações dos diâmetros entre os grupos e ao longo do tempo (p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Não foram encontradas alterações significativas nos diâmetros das veias safenas parva (porções superior, média e inferior: p = 0,80, 0,32 e 0,20, respectivamente, magna em nível da perna (p = 0,17, 0,74 e 0,96 e magna em nível da coxa (p = 0,57, 0,67 e 0,52. CONCLUSÃO: A prática do exercício com sobrecargas musculares pode ser considerada um meio de intervenção ou tratamento, uma vez que não promoveu alterações no diâmetro venoso de mulheres que apresentaram insuficiência venosa crônica nos membros inferiores.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: prospective study on respiratory parameters Esclerose lateral amiotrófica: estudo prospectivo de parâmetros respiratórios

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sara Regina Meira Almeida

2010-04-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To verify how efficient respiratory parameters are in the follow-up of subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS and to observe possible correlations between respiratory and nutritional functions. METHOD: Sixteen patients with probable or defined ALS were selected and evaluated over eight months using the following respiratory parameters: spirometry, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP, maximum expiratory pressure (MEP, arterial gasometry and pulse oximetry; and nutritional parameters such as body mass index (BMI and percentage weight loss. RESULTS: PaCO2 was a significant parameter to follow up disease evolution (p=0.051. There was significant correlation between MIP and MEP (r: 0.83; BMI and MIP (r: 0.70; BMI and MEP (r: 0.72; pulse oximetry and forced vital capacity (r: 0.57. CONCLUSION: PaCO2 was shown to be an efficient and significant parameter in the measurement of respiratory impairment; the correlations among MIP, MEP and BMI indicated that these are significant parameters for periodic clinical evaluation.OBJETIVO: Verificar a eficácia dos parâmetros respiratórios na evolução de indivíduos com esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA e identificar possíveis correlações entre função respiratória e nutricional. MÉTODO: 16 pacientes com diagnóstico provável ou definido de ELA foram selecionados por critérios definidos e avaliados, durante 8 meses, através de parâmetros respiratórios: espirometria, pressão inspiratória máxima (PIM, pressão expiratória máxima (PEM, gasometria arterial e oximetria de pulso; e parâmetros nutricionais: índice de massa corporal (IMC e porcentagem de perda de peso. RESULTADOS: PaCO2 foi um parâmetro significativo para acompanhar a evolução da doença (p=0.051. Houve correlação significante entre PIM e PEM (r: 0.83; IMC e PIM (r: 0.70; IMC e PEM (r: 0.72; oximetria de pulso e capacidade vital forçada (r: 0.57. CONCLUSÃO: PaCO2 foi marcador eficaz e significante para

Classification of baseline toxicants for QSAR predictions to replace fish acute toxicity studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Nendza, Monika; Müller, Martin; Wenzel, Andrea

2017-03-22

Fish acute toxicity studies are required for environmental hazard and risk assessment of chemicals by national and international legislations such as REACH, the regulations of plant protection products and biocidal products, or the GHS (globally harmonised system) for classification and labelling of chemicals. Alternative methods like QSARs (quantitative structure-activity relationships) can replace many ecotoxicity tests. However, complete substitution of in vivo animal tests by in silico methods may not be realistic. For the so-called baseline toxicants, it is possible to predict the fish acute toxicity with sufficient accuracy from log K ow and, hence, valid QSARs can replace in vivo testing. In contrast, excess toxicants and chemicals not reliably classified as baseline toxicants require further in silico, in vitro or in vivo assessments. Thus, the critical task is to discriminate between baseline and excess toxicants. For fish acute toxicity, we derived a scheme based on structural alerts and physicochemical property thresholds to classify chemicals as either baseline toxicants (=predictable by QSARs) or as potential excess toxicants (=not predictable by baseline QSARs). The step-wise approach identifies baseline toxicants (true negatives) in a precautionary way to avoid false negative predictions. Therefore, a certain fraction of false positives can be tolerated, i.e. baseline toxicants without specific effects that may be tested instead of predicted. Application of the classification scheme to a new heterogeneous dataset for diverse fish species results in 40% baseline toxicants, 24% excess toxicants and 36% compounds not classified. Thus, we can conclude that replacing about half of the fish acute toxicity tests by QSAR predictions is realistic to be achieved in the short-term. The long-term goals are classification criteria also for further groups of toxicants and to replace as many in vivo fish acute toxicity tests as possible with valid QSAR

¿Es válido utilizar con precisión parámetros reológicos obtenidos en laboratorio para modelar aludes torrenciales a escala real?

OpenAIRE

Blanco, Armando; Rodríguez, Carmen; García, Reinaldo

2009-01-01

Para predecir el comportamiento de aludes torrenciales a escala real se utilizan modelos numéricos. Sin embargo, los parámetros reológicos que permiten representar los fluidos que componen el flujo son difíciles de obtener utilizando reómetros convencionales. En general experiencias de laboratorio son combinadas con modelos matemáticos para calibrar los modelos reológicos. Luego, el modelo numérico calibrado es utilizado para predecir el comportamiento de los aludes torrenciales en campo. Sin...

Peak bone mass density among residents of Metro Manila

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lim-Abrahan, M.A.B.; Guanzon, M.L.V.V.; Balderas, J.A.J.; Villaruel, C.M.; Santos, F.

1996-01-01

To determine the peak bone mass density among residents of Metro Manila using dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).The design used is cross-sectional study. The study include 23 females and 22 males, with 3 to 4 subjects for each age range of 5. The methods used was bone mass density measurements on the lumbar spine and the femur using dual x-ray absorptiometry (DPXI lunar) were taken. The values were also age-matched and matched with that of a young adult based on programmed Caucasian norm provided by Lunar Co. The values were then scattered against age for each sex. Ten (10) cc of blood was also extracted from the patients, with 5 cc of blood separated for future studies. Patients were also interviewed as to their lifestyle, diet, use of contraceptive pill or hormonal replacement treatment, using a Filipino version of the revised questionnaire on the WHO Study on osteoporosis. The mean bone mass density at the L21.4 level for females was 1.12±0.11 g/cm 2 and 0,91±0.11 g/cm 2 at the femur. The highest BMD in both the lumbar spine femoral neck measurements among females was achieved between the ages 30-35 years of age with the lowest BMD occurring between 15-20 yrs. old and incidentally in 2 subjects with ages between 40-44. There seems to be little bone loss among beyond the age 35, unlike in the females. Bone mass density among a sample Metro Manila residents was determined using DEXA and the measurements on the lumbar spine and femoral neck. These were age-matched with that of young adult based on Caucasian norm provided by the Lunar Co. Peak bone mass density in the L2L4 level among the females is reached between the ages 30-35 years old, after which there is progressive bone loss with values in the 45-50 years old approximating the values in the 15-19 years old age range. A similar pattern is seen in the measurements taken at the femoral neck. Among males, the peak BMD is reached during the 30-35 years old, but there seems to be no rapid decline or rapid bone

Jet grout strut for deep station boxes of the north/south metro line Amsterdam : Design and back analysis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Delfgaauw, S.; Buykx, S.M.; Bosch, J.W.

2009-01-01

The new North/South metro line in Amsterdam contains several stations, some of which with an excavation depth of 30 m below surface. The design of these station boxes is very much determined by the adjacent historic buildings, high water table and the relatively soft soil. A lot of effort is put

Penetrômetro de impacto stolf - programa computacional de dados em EXCEL-VBA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rubismar Stolf

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Há dois principais tipos de penetrômetro, o estático e o dinâmico. No primeiro, uma haste com uma ponta cônica é introduzida contínua e lentamente (quase estático, registrando-se concomitantemente a força de reação que é igual à resistência do solo. No segundo, utiliza-se a mesma haste. Contudo, esta é introduzida por meio da promoção de uma massa de impacto em queda livre. Dessa forma, a teoria pode ser tratada pela dinâmica newtoniana para obtenção da resistência. O objetivo do programa é proporcionar uma ferramenta rápida, facilitadora da computação de dados de resistência do solo, para esse último penetrômetro, resultando tabelas e gráficos já no formato científico. Desenvolvido em linguagem de programação Visual Basic Aplication (VBA, escolheu-se o aplicativo Excel como interface com o usuário pela sua popularidade. É constituído por quatro planilhas, duasauxiliares, sendo duas delas essenciais, Plan1 e 2: Plan1 - dados de entrada (número de impactos e profundidade. Concomitante à digitação, a tabela de resistência é confeccionada com o respectivo gráfico, podendo tabelar 40 perfis. Plan2 - cumpre função especial de equalizar, ou seja, padronizar a profundidade em camadas constantes, permitindo unificar todos os perfis em uma única tabela. Para tal, escolhe-se uma espessura de camada (exemplo: 5 cm; em seguida, o programa coleta os dados de resistência (MPa da Plan1 e interpola os valores para a profundidade de 5 em 5 cm. Após realizar esse procedimento para todas as tabelas da Plan1, o programa gera, na Plan2, uma única tabela com todos os perfis, a média geral e os respectivos gráficos. É possível selecionar os perfis; por exemplo, apenas os medidos na linha ou entrelinha de plantio e eliminar perfis a critério do usuário. Como objetivo complementar, descreve-se a evolução do projeto "Penetrômetro de impacto", iniciado em 1982, cuja técnica passou a ser adotada no meio cient

DETERMINACIÓN DE LA SIMETRÍA DEL PARÁMETRO DE ORDEN EN SUPERCONDUCTORES DE ALTA Tc DE BISMUTO (BiSCCO-2223

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alvaro Mariño

2012-01-01

Full Text Available A partir de mediciones de la conductividad electrotérmica (P en función del campo magnético externo aplicado, se determinó la simetría del parámetro de orden (OPS de muestras superconductoras de bismuto (BiSCCO-2223, asumiendo una correlación entre el exceso de conductividad electrotérmica y la contribución producida por la dispersión entre cuasipartículas y vórtices. El comportamiento de los resultados experimentales del exceso de la conductividad electrotérmica determinados a partir de mediciones de resistividad eléctrica (ρ y termopotencia (S a diferentes temperaturas cercanas a Tc, se describen bien asumiendo un parámetro de orden con simetría del tipo ondas d (dx2 - y2.

Non-specific phospholipase C4 mediates response to aluminum toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Pejchar, Přemysl; Potocký, Martin; Krčková, Zuzana; Brouzdová, Jitka; Daněk, Michal; Martinec, Jan

2015-01-01

Roč. 6, FEB 16 2015 (2015) ISSN 1664-462X R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GPP501/12/P950 Institutional support: RVO:61389030 Keywords : aluminum toxicity * Arabidopsis * diacylglycerol Subject RIV: ED - Physiology Impact factor: 4.495, year: 2015

La medición del miedo al delito a través de los barómetros del CIS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Caro Cabrera

2017-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se explora si la preocupación por el delito que manifiesta la población española como problema del país y personal en los barómetros del CIS es una buena medida del concepto de miedo al delito. Primero, se muestran las dimensiones del miedo al delito y se presentan las bases conceptuales y empíricas de la preocupación que denominamos problematización del delito. Segundo, se evalúa la pertinencia teórica de adoptar dicho concepto como indicador de miedo al delito. Tercero, se presentan datos que demuestran su utilidad empírica. El análisis concluye que la problematización del delito, construida a partir de los barómetros del CIS, es una buena medida de miedo al delito que además incluye ventajas frente a las utilizadas por las encuestas de victimización.

Splitting Travel Time Based on AFC Data: Estimating Walking, Waiting, Transfer, and In-Vehicle Travel Times in Metro System

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yong-Sheng Zhang

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The walking, waiting, transfer, and delayed in-vehicle travel times mainly contribute to route’s travel time reliability in the metro system. The automatic fare collection (AFC system provides huge amounts of smart card records which can be used to estimate all these times distributions. A new estimation model based on Bayesian inference formulation is proposed in this paper by integrating the probability measurement of the OD pair with only one effective route, in which all kinds of times follow the truncated normal distributions. Then, Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is designed to estimate all parameters endogenously. Finally, based on AFC data in Guangzhou Metro, the estimations show that all parameters can be estimated endogenously and identifiably. Meanwhile, the truncated property of the travel time is significant and the threshold tested by the surveyed data is reliable. Furthermore, the superiority of the proposed model over the existing model in estimation and forecasting accuracy is also demonstrated.

Phytoextraction of toxic metals by sunflower and corn plants

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Soudek, Petr; Petrová, Šárka; Benešová, Dagmar; Vaněk, Tomáš

2010-01-01

Roč. 8, 3-4 (2010), s. 383-390 ISSN 1459-0255 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 2B08058; GA MŠk 1M06030; GA MŠk OC09082 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50380511 Keywords : Toxic metals * lead * zinc Subject RIV: DK - Soil Contamination ; De-contamination incl. Pesticides Impact factor: 0.425, year: 2010 www.isfae.org/scientficjournal/2010/issue3/abstracts/abstract68.php

Piezocomposites metal-cerámica como elementos activos en acelerómetros

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ochoa, P.

2002-02-01

Full Text Available Piezoelectric ceramic materials have an important number of applications that is continuing increasing. One of these applications is as driving element in the design of an accelerometer. They may be used in monitoring vibration for the automobile and aeroespacial industries and robotic or civil engineering. The cymbal transducer is a good candidate for accelerometer applications due to its high effective piezoelectric charge coefficients. In this work it is shown that changes in the geometry and size of the caps improve the performance of the sensor. The sensitivity of the cymbal accelerometer increases with decreasing cap size. The mechanical vibration response of the cymbal is studied and different properties, like resonant frequency, electromechanical coupling coefficient, and fastest response time are compared.

Los materiales cerámicos piezoeléctricos presentan un número importante y en continuo aumento de aplicaciones. Entre éstas su utilización como elementos activos en el diseño de acelerómetros posibilita el control de vibraciones en la industria del transporte, aerospacial, robótica e ingeniería civil entre otras. Entre los múltiples diseños como material compuesto destaca, gracias a sus elevados coeficientes de carga efectivos, el denominado tipo címbalo. En este trabajo se comprueba que modificando la geometría y el tamaño de las cápsulas se optimiza el comportamiento del sensor. Concretamente una disminución en el tamaño de las cápsulas se traduce en un aumento de la sensibilidad del acelerómetro. También se muestran los espectros de impedancia y se comparan distintas propiedades como son la frecuencia de resonancia, coeficiente de acoplo electromecánico y tiempo mínimo de respuesta.

ZONEAMENTO GEOAMBIENTAL DO PERÍMETRO URBANO DE SANTA MARIA – RS, BRASIL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Alberto da Fonseca Pires

2011-12-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho de pesquisa tem por objetivo a caracterização geoambiental da paisagem, através da elaboração de Zoneamento Geoambiental do Perímetro Urbano de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. O perímetro urbano, cujos limites foram definidos pela municipalidade, possui uma área de 13.092 ha e engloba as áreas urbanas e as de possível urbanização. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida tendo como referencial teórico a análise sistêmica, utilizando-se da paisagem como categoria de análise, e como instrumental metodológico a utilização de geotecnologias, especialmente de SIGs. O tratamento metodológico segue a proposta metodológica desenvolvida pelo LAGEOLAM/UFSM, com algumas adaptações. Os atributos utilizados na análise geoambiental compreendem as características climáticas, o substrato geológico, a hidrologia, a geomorfologia, as feições superficiais e o uso e ocupação do solo. A espacialização destes componentes da paisagem, exceto as informações climáticas, através da elaboração de mapas temáticos, e a posterior integração, por meio de uma representação de síntese, foi realizada no software Spring 4.3.3, que permitiu a manipulação de dados de diferentes fontes. Como produto final estabeleceu-se uma hierarquia composta por nove unidades geoambientais, seis subunidades e quatro feições. A elaboração do zoneamento geoambiental, através do estudo integrado da paisagem, constitui numa importante ferramenta no gerenciamento dos recursos da área.

A comparison of sediment toxicity test methods at three Great Lake Areas of Concern

Science.gov (United States)

Burton, G. Allen; Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Burnett, LouAnn C.; Henry, Mary; Hinman, Mark L.; Klaine, Stephen J.; Landrum, Peter F.; Ross, Phillipe; Tuchman, Marc

1996-01-01

The significance of sediment contamination is often evaluated using sediment toxicity (bioassay) testing. There are relatively few “standardized” test methods for evaluating sediments. Popular sediment toxicity methods examine the extractable water (elutriate), interstitial water, or whole (bulk) sediment phases using test species spanning the aquatic food chain from bacteria to fish. The current study was designed to evaluate which toxicity tests were most useful in evaluations of sediment contamination at three Great Lake Areas of Concern. Responses of 24 different organisms including fish, mayflies, amphipods, midges, cladocerans, rotifers, macrophytes, algae, and bacteria were compared using whole sediment or elutriate toxicity assays. Sediments from several sites in the Buffalo River, Calumet River (Indiana Harbor), and Saginaw River were tested, as part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated Sediments (ARCS) Project. Results indicated several assays to be sensitive to sediment toxicity and able to discriminate between differing levels of toxicity. Many of the assay responses were significantly correlated to other toxicity responses and were similar based on factor analysis. For most applications, a test design consisting of two to three assays should adequately detect sediment toxicity, consisting of various groupings of the following species: Hyalella azteca, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Chironomus riparius, Chironomus tentans, Daphnia magna, Pimephales promelas, Hexagenia bilineata, Diporeia sp., Hydrilla verticillata, or Lemna minor.

Automotive Stirling Engine Development Project

Science.gov (United States)

Ernst, William D.; Shaltens, Richard K.

1997-01-01

The development and verification of automotive Stirling engine (ASE) component and system technology is described as it evolved through two experimental engine designs: the Mod 1 and the Mod 2. Engine operation and performance and endurance test results for the Mod 1 are summarized. Mod 2 engine and component development progress is traced from the original design through hardware development, laboratory test, and vehicle installation. More than 21,000 hr of testing were accomplished, including 4800 hr with vehicles that were driven more dm 59,000 miles. Mod 2 engine dynamometer tests demonstrated that the engine system configuration had accomplished its performance goals for power (60 kW) and efficiency (38.5%) to within a few percent. Tests with the Mod 2 engine installed in a delivery van demonstrated combined metro-highway fuel economy improvements consistent with engine performance goals and the potential for low emission levels. A modified version of the Mod 2 has been identified as a manufacturable design for an ASE. As part of the ASE project, the Industry Test and Evaluation Program (ITEP), NASA Technology Utilization (TU) project, and the industry-funded Stirling Natural Gas Engine program were undertaken to transfer ASE technology to end users. The results of these technology transfer efforts are also summarized.

Construção e avaliação de psicrômetro aspirado de termopar Construction and evaluation of an aspirated thermocouple psychrometer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fábio Ricardo Marin

2001-12-01

Full Text Available Construiu-se um psicrômetro de termopar aspirado, de baixo custo e fácil utilização em sistemas automáticos de aquisição de dados, utilizando-se tubos de PVC. A aspiração foi feita por ventiladores utilizados em microcomputadores e as temperaturas foram determinadas com junções de termopar de cobre-constantan. Para umidecimento do bulbo, utilizou-se um cordão de algodão. Os resultados da comparação com higrômetro capacitivo Vaisala Inc. e com psicrômetro aspirado tipo Assman mostraram que tanto em ambientes naturais como em controlados, a precisão e a exatidão das medidas foi muito boa, de maneira que o psicrômetro aqui descrito pode ser empregado para determinação da pressão atual de vapor e da umidade relativa sem perda de qualidade dos dados, e também em estudos que levem em conta gradientes de temperatura e umidade específica.The construction of a low cost aspirated thermocouple psychrometer made of PVC tubes is described. The instrument can easily be connected to dataloggers. The aspiration is made by fans used in microcomputers and temperatures measured with cooper-constantan thermocouples. A cotton string was used to make the wet junction. Its perfomance was evaluated in comparison to an Assman aspirated psychrometer and a Vaisala Inc. capacitive higrometer, in natural and controlled environments. The results show a good agreement between measures, allowing air vapour, relative humidity, temperature and specific humidity gradients to be determined using the proposed psychrometer.

Evaluation of passenger health risk assessment of sustainable indoor air quality monitoring in metro systems based on a non-Gaussian dynamic sensor validation method.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, MinJeong; Liu, Hongbin; Kim, Jeong Tai; Yoo, ChangKyoo

2014-08-15

Sensor faults in metro systems provide incorrect information to indoor air quality (IAQ) ventilation systems, resulting in the miss-operation of ventilation systems and adverse effects on passenger health. In this study, a new sensor validation method is proposed to (1) detect, identify and repair sensor faults and (2) evaluate the influence of sensor reliability on passenger health risk. To address the dynamic non-Gaussianity problem of IAQ data, dynamic independent component analysis (DICA) is used. To detect and identify sensor faults, the DICA-based squared prediction error and sensor validity index are used, respectively. To restore the faults to normal measurements, a DICA-based iterative reconstruction algorithm is proposed. The comprehensive indoor air-quality index (CIAI) that evaluates the influence of the current IAQ on passenger health is then compared using the faulty and reconstructed IAQ data sets. Experimental results from a metro station showed that the DICA-based method can produce an improved IAQ level in the metro station and reduce passenger health risk since it more accurately validates sensor faults than do conventional methods. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Crescimento em diâmetro do Pinus elliottii e Pinus taeda em áreas arenizadas e degradadas no Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Renato Schneider

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar o desempenho do Pinus elliottii Engelm. e Pinus taeda L. em áreas arenizadas e degradadas por ação antrópica, na região da fronteira oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Em povoamentos, foram selecionadas árvores médias, que foram abatidas e seccionadas pelo método de Smalian, a fim de obter discos de madeira para a análise dendrocronológica, para a obtenção do diâmetro por idade. O crescimento em diâmetro, quando comparado entre espécies, apresentou tendências diferentes de níveis de desenvolvimento no tempo. O uso de variáveis dummy no modelo de crescimento permitiu definir uma equação única para estimar o diâmetro em função da idade para ambas as espécies, considerando os níveis de degradação do solo médio e baixo, como variáveis necessárias para estimar o crescimento destas espécies nestes tipos de solos arenizados e degradados.

UN PENETRÓMETRO DINÁMICO PARA EVALUAR LA RESISTENCIA MECÁNICA EN SUELOS FORESTALES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irma Vásquez García

2011-01-01

matorral. En laboratorio se prepararon muestras de diferente densidad aparente y contenido de humedad para probar la sensibilidad del penetrómetro. El equipo diseñado es sensible a los ambios de resistencia mecánica a densidades bajas (0.6-1.0 Mg·m-3, que son comunes en los suelos forestales y cambios de humedad del suelo (5-25 %. Con la validación del protocolo se encontró que una serie de 10 impactos genera un dato confiable sobre la resistencia mecánica del suelo superficial.

Digital non-linear equalization for flexible capacity ultradense WDM channels for metro core networking

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Arlunno, Valeria; Zhang, Xu; Larsen, Knud J.

2011-01-01

carriers, we demonstrate that a digital non-linear equalization allow to mitigate inter-channel interference and improve overall system performance in terms of OSNR. Evaluation of the algorithm and comparison with an ultradense WDM system with coherent carriers generated from a single laser are also......An experimental demonstration of Ultradense WDM with advanced digital signal processing is presented. The scheme proposed allows the use of independent tunable DFB lasers spaced at 12.5 GHz for ultradense WDM PM-QPSK flexible capacity channels for metro core networking. To allocate extremely closed...

Sistema electrónico de calibración de fruta por diámetro

OpenAIRE

Cruz Lemus, Erico

2013-01-01

En la actualidad, las cooperativas recolectan, seleccionan, tratan y separan la fruta según su calibre (peso, diámetro máximo, medio y/o mínimo) para que esta llegue al consumidor final según la categoría (calibre). Para poder competir en un mercado cada vez más exigente en calidad y precios, se requieren sistemas de clasificación automáticos que nos permitan obtener óptimos resultados con altos niveles de producción y productividad. Para realizar estas tareas existen calibr...

Advanced Hybrid Particulate Collector Project Management Plan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miller, S.J.

1995-11-01

As the consumption of energy increases, its impact on ambient air quality has become a significant concern. Recent studies indicate that fine particles from coal combustion cause health problems as well as atmospheric visibility impairment. These problems are further compounded by the concentration of hazardous trace elements such as mercury, cadmium, selenium, and arsenic in fine particles. Therefore, a current need exists to develop superior, but economical, methods to control emissions of fine particles. Since most of the toxic metals present in coal will be in particulate form, a high level of fine- particle collection appears to be the best method of overall air toxics control. However, over 50% of mercury and a portion of selenium emissions are in vapor form and cannot be collected in particulate control devices. Therefore, this project will focus on developing technology not only to provide ultrahigh collection efficiency of particulate air toxic emissions, but also to capture vapor- phase trace metals such as mercury and selenium. Currently, the primary state-of-the-art technologies for particulate control are fabric filters (baghouses) and electrostatic precipitators (ESPs). However, they both have limitations that prevent them from achieving ultrahigh collection of fine particulate matter and vapor-phase trace metals. The objective of this project is to develop a highly reliable advanced hybrid particulate collector (AHPC) that can provide > 99.99 % particulate collection efficiency for all particle sizes between 0.01 and 50 14m, is applicable for use with all U.S. coals, and is cost-0443competitive with existing technologies. Phase I of the project is organized into three tasks: Task I - Project Management, Reporting, and Subcontract Consulting Task 2 - Modeling, Design, and Construction of 200-acfm AHPC Model Task 3 - Experimental Testing and Subcontract Consulting

Medición de Parámetros Eléctricos y Análisis Económico Enfocado al Entorno Nacional-Edición Única

OpenAIRE

Carlos Valdes Parada

2003-01-01

Los sistemas de medición de parámetros eléctricos son muy utilizados actualmente en la industria y se encuentran disponibles en varias presentaciones dependiendo fundamentalmente de sus características de análisis y despliegue de los mismos. El siguiente trabajo de tesis se centra en el acondicionamiento de señales digitalizadas correspondientes a parámetros eléctricos de voltaje y corriente reales. Se diseñó un módulo con la electrónica necesaria para acondicionar dichas señales. Las partes ...

Projecte de les instal·lacions elèctriques per a l'execució d'una obra de construcció de túnel amb màquina tuneladora

OpenAIRE

Hernández Briones, Rafael

2009-01-01

En primer terme comentar que es tracta d’un projecte real dut a la pràctica durant la meva activitat professional en una empresa constructora. El projecte defineix les instal·lacions elèctriques per a l’execució d’un túnel amb tuneladora, pertanyent a la futura Línia 9 del Metro de Barcelona. L’abast del projecte comprèn des del subministrament per part de la Companyia Elèctrica a 25 KV, el centre de recepció i mesura, l’alimentació a 20Kv de la tuneladora i resta d’instal·l...

Crescimento em diâmetro do Pinus elliottii e Pinus taeda em áreas arenizadas e degradadas no Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul

OpenAIRE

Schneider, Paulo Renato; Elesbão, Luiz Ernesto Grilo; Schneider, Paulo Sérgio Pigato; Longhi, Régis Villanova

2014-01-01

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar o desempenho do Pinus elliottii Engelm. e Pinus taeda L. em áreas arenizadas e degradadas por ação antrópica, na região da fronteira oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Em povoamentos, foram selecionadas árvores médias, que foram abatidas e seccionadas pelo método de Smalian, a fim de obter discos de madeira para a análise dendrocronológica, para a obtenção do diâmetro por idade. O crescimento em diâmetro, quando comparado entre espécies...

In search of the main properties of phthalocyanines participating in toxicity against cyanobacteria

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Jančula, Daniel; Maršálek, Blahoslav; Novotná, Zlatica; Černý, J.; Karásková, M.; Rakušan, J.

2009-01-01

Roč. 77, č. 11 (2009), s. 1520-1525 ISSN 0045-6535 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 1M0571 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60050516 Keywords : phthalocyanine s * cyanobycteria * toxicity Subject RIV: EF - Botanics Impact factor: 3.253, year: 2009

Somatic mutation in peripheral blood lymphocytes among Metro Manila residents: indicator of exposure to environmental pollution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yulo-Nazarea, Teresa; Cobar, Ma. Lucia C.; Nato, Alejandro Q.; Nazarea, Apolinario D.

2001-01-01

Results of a four-year study on somatic mutation in peripheral blood lymphocytes among Metro Manila residents as an indicator of exposure to environmental pollution conducted by the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI) is presented. The study which involves mutation indexing of 200 blood donors demonstrated very strong correlation between high levels of ambient air pollution and increase incidence of mutation at the specific gene locus in peripheral blood lymphocytes among residents of specific areas in Metro Manila. Using the PNRI adapted protocol to determine incidence of mutation at a specific gene marker, hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT), our database analysis indicated a statistically significant difference between mean mutation index of blood donors residing in an area with lower level of pollution (Las Pinas) compared to those residents living in areas with the highest estimated pollution level (Valenzuela). The results of the statistical analyses should provide regulators the direction in incorporating the data into their pollution abatement program to maximize health impact. Biomarker analysis should play a greater role in the future in the formulation of national environment policies. The temporal variation of these ''aseline data'' as the Philippine moves forward through the next several years in its industrialization program should in itself be a very valuable source of environmental policy instruments. (Author)

Influencia de la Altitud en Parámetros Fisiológicos Generales y Heméticos de Bovinos Holstein.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arango O Nora Cecilia

1992-12-01

Full Text Available Con el objeto de evaluar el efecto de la altitud sobre algunos parámetros fisiológicos generales y hemáticos de los bovinos Holstein, ubicados en dos zonas de vida del departamento de Antioquia, se determinaron la frecuencia cardíaca, frecuencia respiratoria, temperatura rectal, hemoglobina, hematocrito, recuento total de glóbulos blancos, cantidad de glóbulos rojos, y recuento diferencial de glóbulos blancos, de 154 animales en dos estados fisiológicos: vacas adultas en el segundo tercio de la gestación y terneras de 6 a 12 meses de edad, distribuídos en: 78 animales ubicados a una altitud de 2.400 metros sobre el nivel del mar y 76 animales ubicados a una altitud promedio de 1.350 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Los resultados indican que las frecuencias respiratoria y cardiaca, el hematocrito, la hemoglobina, la cantidad de glóbulos rojos y el recuento de linfocitos y neutrófilos presentaron diferenci.a significativa (p≤0,05 con respecto a la altitud. El análisis del estado fisiológico indicó que las frecuencias cardíaca y respiratoria, la temperatura rectal, el hematocrito y la cantidad de glóbulos rojos presentaron diferencia significativa (p≤0,05 entre estados fisiológicos. Con base en la información obtenida en este estudio, se pudo demostrar que la altitud expresó un efecto significativo (p≤0,05 sobre las frecuencias cardiaca y respiratoria, la hemoglobina, el hematocrito y la cantidad de glóbulos rojos de los animales evaluados.

Background of Caruaru tragedy; a case taxonomic study of toxic cyanobacteria

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Komárek, Jiří; Azevedo, S. M. F. O.; Domingos, P.; Komárková, Jaroslava; Tichý, Martin

2001-01-01

Roč. 140, č. 103 (2001), s. 9-29 ISSN 0342-1120 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA6005704; GA ČR GA206/98/1536 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z6005908 Keywords : Cyanobacteria * cyanophytes * taxonomy * ecology * plankton * picoplankton * toxicity * tropical regions * Brazil Subject RIV: DA - Hydrology ; Limnology Impact factor: 1.280, year: 1999

Prototipos de prueba de acelerómetro y conexión Bluetooth para terminales Android

OpenAIRE

Velasco Gracia, Raúl

2012-01-01

Los objetivos que persigue este PFC son los siguientes: +Estudio de la plataforma Android y el empleo del acelerómetro y opcionalmente el giroscopio para enviar ordenes a un robot móvil. + Realización y prueba de una aplicación que haga uso de tales recursos. + Elaboración de una memoria que pueda utilizarse con propósito docente. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

Avaliação tomográfica de parâmetros morfométricos do processo odontoide relacionados à fixação interna com parafusos Evaluación tomográfica de parámetros morfométricos del proceso odontoides relacionados con la fijación interna con tornillos Tomographic evaluation of odontoid parameters related to its internal fixation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Murilo Tavares Daher

2010-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: avaliar, por meio da tomografia computadorizada, os parâmetros morfométricos do processo odontoide relacionados com a sua fixação interna. MÉTODOS: cinquenta e cinco exames de tomografia computadorizada (TC da coluna cervical que permitissem o estudo do áxis foram utilizados para o estudo. Destes, 24 (47% pertenciam a pacientes do sexo masculino e 31 do sexo feminino. A média de idade foi de 42,05 anos (± 15,82. Foram excluídos os casos com diagnóstico de tumores, infecções, sequelas de fratura, artrose muito avançada ou malformações congênitas. Nenhum dos exames tinha como indicação problemas relacionados à coluna cervical alta. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: 1 - comprimento estimado do implante (CEI, 2 - angulação do parafuso (aP, 3 - diâmetro transverso mínimo (DTmín e 4 - diâmetro anteroposterior mínimo (DAPmín. Foi utilizado o teste t de Student para comparar os resultados entre o grupo de pacientes do sexo masculino e do feminino. RESULTADOS: o valor médio do CEI foi de 37,95 mm ± 3,44 para a população geral do estudo. O valor médio da angulação do parafuso (aP foi de 60,91º ± 4,06. O diâmetro transverso mínimo (DTmín foi de 9,05 mm ± 0,88 e o diâmetro antero-posterior mínimo DAPmín foi de 10,35 mm ±1,04. Os valores do CEI e do DAPmín na população masculina foram significativamente maiores do que aqueles encontrados na feminina, enquanto os outros parâmetros não apresentaram diferenças entre os dois sexos na população estudada. Dos 55 pacientes, 39% apresentaram DTmín OBJETIVOS: evaluar, por medio de la tomografía computarizada, los parámetros morfométricos del proceso odontoides relacionados con su fijación interna. MÉTODOS: para el estudio, fueron utilizados 55 exámenes de tomografía computarizada (TC de la columna cervical que permitieran el estudio del axis. De éstos, 24 (47% pertenecían a pacientes del sexo masculino. El promedio de edad fue de 42.05 a

Motif Dan Kepuasan Masyarakat Surabaya Dalam Menonton Program Dialog “Titik Tengah” Di Metro TV Jawa Timur

OpenAIRE

Gunawan, Like

2016-01-01

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kepuasan masyarakat Surabaya dalam menonton program dialog “Titik Tengah” di Metro TV Jawa Timur. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan teori Uses and Gratification dengan variabel Gratification Sought (GS) dan Gratification Obtained (GO) yang memiliki indikator yaitu informasi, identitas pribadi, integrasi dan interaksi sosial, dan hiburan.Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis eksplenatif dengan statistik infe...

Repellency and toxicity of three Impatients species (Balsaminaceae) extracts on Myzus persicae Sulzer (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Pavela, R.; Vrchotová, Naděžda; Šerá, Božena

2009-01-01

Roč. 2009, - (2009), s. 48-51 ISSN 0974-391X R&D Projects: GA MZe(CZ) QH72117 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60870520 Keywords : Impatiens * repellency * toxicity Subject RIV: EH - Ecology, Behaviour

COMPACTAÇÃO DE SOLOS EM LABORATÓRIO: EFEITO DO DIÂMETRO E DO NÚMERO DE CAMADAS DO CORPO DE PROVA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Flavio Alessandro Crispim

2015-06-01

Full Text Available RESUMONeste trabalho, estudou-se a influência do diâmetro e do número de camadas do corpo de prova nas curvas de compactação de laboratório e na resistência mecânica de dois solos residuais de gnaisse da Zona da Mata Norte de Minas Gerais, respectivamente, de texturas argilo-areno-siltosa (Solo 1 e areno-silto-argilosa (Solo 2, com vistas à construção de estradas florestais. Além dos resultados dos ensaios de compactação, determinou-se a resistência à compressão não confinada dos solos empregando corpos de prova compactados na umidade ótima (wot e nos teores de umidade 3% abaixo e 2% acima, considerando como referência a energia de compactação do ensaio Proctor normal e empregando corpos de prova compactados em uma, duas e três camadas, bem como nos diâmetros de 35 mm, 73 mm e 100 mm, com nove repetições. Para fins práticos de engenharia e com base em análise estatística aplicada aos parâmetros massa específica aparente seca e resistência à compressão não confinada, pode-se concluir que: (i há diferenças significativas entre as compactações realizadas em uma e em três camadas, não ocorrendo o mesmo nas compactações realizadas em duas e em três camadas, para ambos os solos; e (ii há diferenças significativas entre a compactação de corpos de prova de diâmetro 100 mm e os demais de 73 mm e 35 mm, para o solo 1 (argiloso, bem como há também diferenças apenas no ramo seco da curva de compactação, para o solo 2 (arenoso.

Effect of radiosterilization of some antihistamines on their toxicity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

El-Sayed, M.E.; Roushdy, H.M.; Naiema, M.; Seham, H.M.H.

1985-01-01

The effect of gamma irradiation of pgeniramine maleate and menhydrinate solutions at the radiation levels of 15,25 and 50KGY on their toxicity has been investigated. Irradiation of pheniramine maleate and dimenhydrinate solutions at dose levels of 15,25 and 50KGY resulted in no significant change in neither the gross toxicity of the two drugs nor in their LD 50's on rats. Pheniramine maleate and dimenhydrinate whether irradiated or not, resulted in no significant increase in serum GPT or alkaline phosphatase activities when given at a dose of 15mg/Kg suggesting no significant alteration to liver function in rats. Higher doses of the two antihistaminics, namely, the minimal lethal doses and the LD 50's induced hydropic degeneration of liver cells, lymphocytic infiltration of the portal tract and focal areas of necrosis of hepatic cells mostly in the central lobule. Fatty infiltration was observed with dimenhydrinate. Radiation treatment of those antihistamines up to 50KGY resulting in no alteration in their toxicity projects the high radiation stability of pheniramine maleate and dimenhydrinate and confirms gamma irradiation is a successful method for their sterilization

Significance of Intratracheal Instillation Tests for the Screening of Pulmonary Toxicity of Nanomaterials.

Science.gov (United States)

Morimoto, Yasuo; Izumi, Hiroto; Yoshiura, Yukiko; Fujisawa, Yuri; Fujita, Katsuhide

Inhalation tests are the gold standard test for the estimation of the pulmonary toxicity of respirable materials. Intratracheal instillation tests have been used widely, but they yield limited evidence of the harmful effects of respirable materials. We reviewed the effectiveness of intratracheal instillation tests for estimating the hazards of nanomaterials, mainly using research papers featuring intratracheal instillation and inhalation tests centered on a Japanese national project. Compared to inhalation tests, intratracheal instillation tests induced more acute inflammatory responses in the animal lung due to a bolus effect regardless of the toxicity of the nanomaterials. However, nanomaterials with high toxicity induced persistent inflammation in the chronic phase, and nanomaterials with low toxicity induced only transient inflammation. Therefore, in order to estimate the harmful effects of a nanomaterial, an observation period of 3 months or 6 months following intratracheal instillation is necessary. Among the endpoints of pulmonary toxicity, cell count and percentage of neutrophil, chemokines for neutrophils and macrophages, and oxidative stress markers are considered most important. These markers show persistent and transient responses in the lung from nanomaterials with high and low toxicity, respectively. If the evaluation of the pulmonary toxicity of nanomaterials is performed in not only the acute but also the chronic phase in order to avoid the bolus effect of intratracheal instillation and inflammatory-related factors that are used as endpoints of pulmonary toxicity, we speculate that intratracheal instillation tests can be useful for screening for the identification of the hazard of nanomaterials through pulmonary inflammation.

Optimization of organic contaminant and toxicity testing analytical procedures for estimating the characteristics and environmental significance of natural gas processing plant waste sludges

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Novak, N.

1990-10-01

The Gas Plant Sludge Characterization Phase IIB program is a continuation of the Canadian Petroleum Association's (CPA) initiatives to characterize sludge generated at gas processing plants. The objectives of the Phase IIB project were to develop an effective procedure for screening waste sludges or centrifuge/leachate generated from sludge samples for volatile, solvent-soluble and water-soluble organics; verify the reproducibility of the three aquatic toxicity tests recommended as the battery of tests for determining the environmental significance of sludge centrifugates or leachates; assess the performance of two terrestrial toxicity tests in determining the environmental significance of whole sludge samples applied to soil; and to assess and discuss the reproducibility and cost-effectiveness of the sampling and analytical techniques proposed for the overall sludge characterization procedure. Conclusions and recommendations are provided for sludge collection, preparation and distribution, organic analyses, toxicity testing, project management, and procedure standardization. The three aquatic and two terrestrial toxicity tests proved effective in indicating the toxicity of complex mixtures. 27 refs., 3 figs., 59 tabs

Toxic substances alert program

Science.gov (United States)

Junod, T. L.

1978-01-01

A toxicity profile is provided, of 187 toxic substances procured by NASA Lewis Research Center during a 3 1/2 year period, including 27 known or suspected carcinogens. The goal of the program is to assure that the center's health and safety personnel are aware of the procurement and use of toxic substances and to alert and inform the users of these materials as to the toxic characteristics and the control measures needed to ensure their safe use. The program also provides a continuing record of the toxic substances procured, who procured them, what other toxic substances the user has obtained in the past, and where similar materials have been used elsewhere at the center.

Mixture toxicity of wood preservative products in the fish embryo toxicity test.

Science.gov (United States)

Coors, Anja; Dobrick, Jan; Möder, Monika; Kehrer, Anja

2012-06-01

Wood preservative products are used globally to protect wood from fungal decay and insects. We investigated the aquatic toxicity of five commercial wood preservative products, the biocidal active substances and some formulation additives contained therein, as well as six generic binary mixtures of the active substances in the fish embryo toxicity test (FET). Median lethal concentrations (LC50) of the single substances, the mixtures, and the products were estimated from concentration-response curves and corrected for concentrations measured in the test medium. The comparison of the experimentally observed mixture toxicity with the toxicity predicted by the concept of concentration addition (CA) showed less than twofold deviation for all binary mixtures of the active substances and for three of the biocidal products. A more than 60-fold underestimation of the toxicity of the fourth product by the CA prediction was detected and could be explained fully by the toxicity of one formulation additive, which had been labeled as a hazardous substance. The reason for the 4.6-fold underestimation of toxicity of the fifth product could not be explained unambiguously. Overall, the FET was found to be a suitable screening tool to verify whether the toxicity of formulated wood preservatives can reliably be predicted by CA. Applied as a quick and simple nonanimal screening test, the FET may support approaches of applying component-based mixture toxicity predictions within the environmental risk assessment of biocidal products, which is required according to European regulations. Copyright © 2012 SETAC.

Predicting molybdenum toxicity to higher plants: Estimation of toxicity threshold values

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McGrath, S.P., E-mail: steve.mcgrath@bbsrc.ac.u [Soil Science Department, Centre for Soils and Ecosystems Function, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ (United Kingdom); Mico, C.; Zhao, F.J.; Stroud, J.L. [Soil Science Department, Centre for Soils and Ecosystems Function, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ (United Kingdom); Zhang, H.; Fozard, S. [Division of Environmental Science, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ (United Kingdom)

2010-10-15

Four plant species (oilseed rape, Brassica napus L.; red clover, Trifolium pratense L.; ryegrass, Lolium perenne L.; and tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum L.) were tested on ten soils varying widely in soil properties to assess molybdenum (Mo) toxicity. A larger range (66-fold-609-fold) of added Mo concentrations resulting in 50% inhibition of yield (ED{sub 50}) was found among soils than among plant species (2-fold-38-fold), which illustrated that the soils differed widely in the expression of Mo toxicity. Toxicity thresholds based on soil solution Mo narrowed the variation among soils compared to thresholds based on added Mo concentrations. We conclude that plant bioavailability of Mo in soil depends on Mo solubility, but this alone did not decrease the variability in observed toxicity enough to be used in risk assessment and that other soil properties influencing Mo toxicity to plants need to be considered. - Mo toxicity thresholds varied widely in different soils and therefore soil properties need to be taken into account in order to assess the risk of Mo exposure.

Influência do diâmetro do orifício piloto na resistência ao arrancamento dos parafusos do corpo vertebral The influence of pilot hole diameter on screw pullout resistance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Helton L. A. Defino

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Foram realizados ensaios mecânicos com o objetivo de avaliar a influência do diâmetro do orifício piloto em relação ao diâmetro interno do parafuso na resistência ao arrancamento dos parafusos do sistema de fixação vertebral aplicados no corpo da vértebra. O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa foram utilizados corpos de prova de poliuretana para a colocação de parafusos de 5mm e, 6mm , e na segunda etapa os parafusos foram inseridos na face lateral dos corpos das vértebras lombares de suínos. O orifício piloto foi realizado com brocas de diâmetro menor, igual ou maior que o diâmetro interno do parafuso. Foram realizados ensaios mecânicos de arrancamento em máquina universal de teste para a avaliação da força máxima de arrancamento dos implantes. Foi observado que o diâmetro do orifício piloto em relação ao diâmetro interno do parafuso influencia na resistência ao arrancamento dos implantes.Mechanical assays were performed in order to assess the influence of pilot hole diameter versus screw's inner diameter on screw pullout resistance in the vertebral fixation systems applied to the vertebral body. The study was conducted in two stages. In the first, polyurethane test bodies were used for placing 5 and 6 mm screws, and, in the second stage, the screws were inserted into the lateral surface of the lumbar vertebral bodies of pigs. The pilot hole was built with drills with smaller, similar or larger diameter than screws' inner diameter. Mechanical pullout assays were performed using a universal test machine for the assessment of maximum pullout screw resistance. The diameter of the pilot hole versus screw's inner diameter was shown to influence screw pullout resistance.

A Metro Map Metaphor for Guided Tours on the Web

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sandvad, Elmer Sørensen; Grønbæk, Kaj; Sloth, Lennert

2001-01-01

maps and route maps with indication of which stations of a tour have been visited; and finally (4) support for arbitrary web pages as stations on the tour. The paper discusses the Webvise Guided Tour System and illustrates its use in a digital library portal. The system is compared to other recent Web......This paper presents a guided tour system for the WWW. It is a module for the Webvise open hypermedia system that implements the ideas of trails and guided tours, originating from the hypertext field. Webvise appears as an open hypermedia helper application to the user and stores the guided tours...... in an XML format called OHIF separated from the WWW documents included in the tour. The main advantages of the system are: (1) a browser independent format in terms of HTML and PNG-based image maps for reading the guided tours; (2) support for a familiar metaphor, namely, a metro route map; (3) overview...

Indoor Air Quality in the Metro System in North Taiwan

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Ying-Yi Chen

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Indoor air pollution is an increasing health concern, especially in enclosed environments such as underground subway stations because of increased global usage by urban populations. This study measured the indoor air quality of underground platforms at 10 metro stations of the Taipei Rapid Transit system (TRTS in Taiwan, including humidity, temperature, carbon monoxide (CO, carbon dioxide (CO2, formaldehyde (HCHO, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs, ozone (O3, airborne particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5, bacteria and fungi. Results showed that the CO2, CO and HCHO levels met the stipulated standards as regulated by Taiwan’s Indoor Air Quality Management Act (TIAQMA. However, elevated PM10 and PM2.5 levels were measured at most stations. TVOCs and bacterial concentrations at some stations measured in summer were higher than the regulated standards stipulated by Taiwan’s Environmental Protection Administration. Further studies should be conducted to reduce particulate matters, TVOCs and bacteria in the air of subway stations.

Indoor Air Quality in the Metro System in North Taiwan.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Ying-Yi; Sung, Fung-Chang; Chen, Mei-Lien; Mao, I-Fang; Lu, Chung-Yen

2016-12-02

Indoor air pollution is an increasing health concern, especially in enclosed environments such as underground subway stations because of increased global usage by urban populations. This study measured the indoor air quality of underground platforms at 10 metro stations of the Taipei Rapid Transit system (TRTS) in Taiwan, including humidity, temperature, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), ozone (O₃), airborne particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ), bacteria and fungi. Results showed that the CO₂, CO and HCHO levels met the stipulated standards as regulated by Taiwan's Indoor Air Quality Management Act (TIAQMA). However, elevated PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels were measured at most stations. TVOCs and bacterial concentrations at some stations measured in summer were higher than the regulated standards stipulated by Taiwan's Environmental Protection Administration. Further studies should be conducted to reduce particulate matters, TVOCs and bacteria in the air of subway stations.

Why does Bogota not have at least one metro line? And the reasons why it will probably not have one

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Óscar A. Alfonso Roa

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Although the decision on the first metro line in Bogotá was first sketched out 75 years ago, the city still does not have it, but there is no academic reflection on the reasons for such delay. During this period, the physical and institutional capital dedicated to mobility has deteriorated to the point of capsizing the system of mass passenger transport. The result is visible in the substantial increase in unproductive travel time, traffic congestion, saturation of the fleet intended for collective mobility and personal insecurity to which users are exposed. This article supports the idea that in a metropolis of eight million people, with powerful infrastructure inflexibility, the layout of the priority metro line should be resolved in favor of connecting the most densely populated areas of the city, which would progressively solve investment lags and would provide increased ecological and financial sustainability of the system of mass transit.

Construção de um calorímetro de baixo custo para a determinação de entalpia de neutralização

OpenAIRE

Assumpção, M. H. M. T.; Wolf, L. D.; Bonifácio, V. G.; Fatibello-Filho, O.

2010-01-01

Neste artigo descreve-se a construção de um calorímetro simples, utilizando materiais de fácil aquisição, para a determinação de entalpia de neutralização (pressão constante) de reações ácido-base. Foram utilizadas para o desenvolvimento do experimento soluções de ácidos e bases fortes e fracos, além de termômetro e recipiente de poliestireno expandido (isopor) para a medida e manutenção da temperatura, respectivamente. Com este experimento, foi então possível determinar a entalpia de neutral...

Distribución, abundancia y parámetros poblacionales de la mojarra Diapterus rhombeus (Pisces: Gerreidae) en la Laguna de Términos, Campeche, México

OpenAIRE

Luis Amado Ayala-Pérez; Blanca Andrea Gómez-Montes; Julia Ramos Miranda

2001-01-01

Diapterus rhombeus es una especie dominante dentro de la comunidad nectónica de la Laguna de Términos y se encuentra asociada a zonas con vegetación sumergida, con temperaturas entre 27 y 33°C y salinidad entre 25 y 36.5 UPS. Un total de 3024 individuos fueron recolectados con una red de arrastre en 23 sitios entre septiembre de 1997 y septiembre de 1998. Los parámetros del modelo Talla-Peso son a=0.0098; b=3.155 con una correlación del 96%. Los parámetros de crecimiento son L = 20.4cm, k= 0...

In-silico structure activity relationship study of toxicity endpoints by QSAR modeling (SOT)

Science.gov (United States)

Several thousand chemicals were tested in 700 toxicity-related in-vitro HTS bioassays through the EPA’s ToxCast and Tox21 projects. This chemical set only covers a portion of the chemical space of interest for environmental exposure, leading to a need to fill data gaps with alter...

Environmental toxicity of Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs) - MicrotoxTM and Spontaneous Locomotor Changes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Storgaard, Morten Swayne; Sanderson, Hans; Baatrup, Erik

After the 2nd World War the CWAs were prohibited by law and 11,000 tonnes of toxic agents were dumped in the Bornholm Basin east of Bornholm. The dumped chemical munitions have not reached attention from politicians and scientists until recently. During earlier projects, such as MERCW (2005...

EL FACTOR DE SOSTENIBILIDAD: DISEÑOS ALTERNATIVOS Y VALORACIÓN FINANCIERO - ACTUARIAL DE SUS EFECTOS SOBRE LOS PARÁMETROS DEL SISTEMA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Robert Meneu Gaya

2013-05-01

Full Text Available La Ley 27/2011, que reforma el sistema de pensiones español, introduce el factor de sostenibilidad, un instrumento que ajusta automáticamente los parámetros del sistema a la evolución de la esperanza de vida a partir del año 2027 y con revisiones cada 5 años, aunque la reciente Ley Orgánica 2/2012 de Estabilidad Presupuestaria y Sostenibilidad Financiera abre la posibilidad de que se anticipe su entrada en vigor si se proyecta un déficit a largo plazo en el sistema de pensiones. Dado que el diseño concreto del factor de sostenibilidad está pendiente, resulta relevante analizar cómo otros países de la Unión Europea han incorporado instrumentos similares en sus sistemas de pensiones y, desde esas experiencias, ofrecer diseños alternativos para el caso español, valorando los efectos de cada uno de ellos sobre los parámetros del sistema, utilizando para ello las recientes proyecciones de esperanza de vida del Instituto Nacional de Estadística. La Ley 27/2011, que reforma el sistema de pensiones español, introduce el factor de sostenibilidad, un instrumento que ajusta automáticamente los parámetros del sistema a la evolución de la esperanza de vida a partir del año 2027 y con revisiones cada 5 años, aunque la reciente Ley Orgánica 2/2012 de Estabilidad Presupuestaria y Sostenibilidad Financiera abre la posibilidad de que se anticipe su entrada en vigor si se proyecta un déficit a largo plazo en el sistema de pensiones. Dado que el diseño concreto del factor de sostenibilidad está pendiente, resulta relevante analizar cómo otros países de la Unión Europea han incorporado instrumentos similares en sus sistemas de pensiones y, desde esas experiencias, ofrecer diseños alternativos para el caso español, valorando los efectos de cada uno de ellos sobre los parámetros del sistema, utilizando para ello las recientes proyecciones de esperanza de vida del Instituto Nacional de Estadística.

In Vitro Screening of Environmental Chemicals for Targeted Testing Prioritization: The ToxCast Project

OpenAIRE

Judson, Richard S.; Houck, Keith A.; Kavlock, Robert J.; Knudsen, Thomas B.; Martin, Matthew T.; Mortensen, Holly M.; Reif, David M.; Rotroff, Daniel M.; Shah, Imran; Richard, Ann M.; Dix, David J.

2009-01-01

Background Chemical toxicity testing is being transformed by advances in biology and computer modeling, concerns over animal use, and the thousands of environmental chemicals lacking toxicity data. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency?s ToxCast program aims to address these concerns by screening and prioritizing chemicals for potential human toxicity using in vitro assays and in silico approaches. Objectives This project aims to evaluate the use of in vitro assays for understanding the ty...

USING STORYTELLING TO INCREASE SPEAKING PERFORMANCE OF PAI STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF METRO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amirudin - Latif

2013-10-01

Full Text Available The study is intended to increase speaking performance of PAI students of Muhammadiyah University of Metro by using storytelling. The design of the research is collaborative classroom action research which involves a collaborator in whole process of the research. The instruments of the research are observation sheet, field notes, and speaking test. The criteria of success of the research are 100% from thirty students are active in the classroom and get score equal to or more than 70. The result shows that twenty two students get score 70 in Cycle 1 and thirty in Cycle 2.

UN PENETRÓMETRO DINÁMICO PARA EVALUAR LA RESISTENCIA MECÁNICA EN SUELOS FORESTALES

OpenAIRE

Irma Vásquez García; Armando Gómez Guerrero; Alejandro Velázquez Martínez; Arnulfo Aldrete; Aurelio M. Fierros-González

2011-01-01

Se diseñó un penetrómetro cónico de impacto para evaluar la resistencia mecánica de los suelos forestales. El equipo diseñado es ligero ya que sólo pesa 4.1 kg, preciso porque se validó en campo y laboratorio, portátil porque desensamblado se puede cargar en el chaleco de un operador de campo, y práctico porque la capacitación para su uso es sencilla y es adecuado para trabajos de inventarios forestales y de suelo. Los resultados mostraron que el uso del prototipo es viable en diferentes ecos...

Craniospinal irradiation with concurrent temozolomide for primary metastatic pediatric high-grade or diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas. A first report from the GPOH-HIT-HGG Study Group

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mueller, K.; Schlamann, A.; Pietschmann, S.; Kortmann, R.D.; Guckenberger, M.; Warmuth-Metz, M.; Glueck, A.; Wawer, A.; Kramm, C.; Bueren, A.O. von

2014-01-01

High-grade (HGG) and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) with primary metastatic spread are extremely rare and have a dismal prognosis. Analogous to simultaneous radiochemotherapy in non-metastatic HGG and DIPG, concurrent craniospinal irradiation (CSI) and metronomic temozolomide (metroTMZ) may represent a reasonable therapeutic approach. However, the antitumor efficacy and toxicity of this treatment still have to be investigated. Between March 2007 and December 2012, six children with primary metastatic HGG (n=4) or DIPG (n=2) received CSI and concurrent metroTMZ based on individual treatment recommendations and, in some cases, within the HIT-HGG 2007 multicenter trial. Outcome and treatment-related toxicities were evaluated. All patients received irradiation to the entire craniospinal axis (35.2 Gy, n=5; 36 Gy, n=1:) and 5 received a local boost to macroscopic tumor deposits. Simultaneously, metroTMZ (75 mg/m 2 /day, n=5; 60 mg/m 2 /day, n=1) was administered. Additionally, 1 patient received nimotuzumab once per week. Within a median follow-up of 10.0 months (range 6.5-18.7 months), all patients experienced disease progression and 5 patients died. Median progression-free survival was 4.0±0.8 months (range 2.4-10.7 months) and median overall survival was 7.6±3.5 months (range 4.0-17.6 months). Acute myelosuppression most severely limited application of this aggressive treatment strategy. Severe hematotoxicities (= grade 3) occurred in all patients and metroTMZ had to be interrupted or discontinued in 4 out of 6 cases. Concurrent CSI and metroTMZ might represent a feasible treatment approach for primary metastatic HGG and DIPG. On the basis of our experience, severe but manageable acute hematotoxicity has to be expected. An international effort is warranted to reassess the efficacy and toxicity of this approach within a prospective study. (orig.)

Craniospinal irradiation with concurrent temozolomide for primary metastatic pediatric high-grade or diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas. A first report from the GPOH-HIT-HGG Study Group

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mueller, K.; Schlamann, A.; Pietschmann, S.; Kortmann, R.D. [University Medical Center Leipzig, Department of Radiation Oncology, Leipzig (Germany); Guckenberger, M. [University Medical Center Wuerzburg, Department of Radiation Oncology, Wuerzburg (Germany); Warmuth-Metz, M. [University Medical Center Wuerzburg, Department of Neuroradiology, Wuerzburg (Germany); Glueck, A. [Clinic for Radiation Oncology Schwabing, Muenchen (Germany); Wawer, A. [University Medical Center Muenchen Schwabing, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Muenchen (Germany); Kramm, C.; Bueren, A.O. von [University Medical Center Goettingen, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Goettingen (Germany)

2014-04-15

High-grade (HGG) and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) with primary metastatic spread are extremely rare and have a dismal prognosis. Analogous to simultaneous radiochemotherapy in non-metastatic HGG and DIPG, concurrent craniospinal irradiation (CSI) and metronomic temozolomide (metroTMZ) may represent a reasonable therapeutic approach. However, the antitumor efficacy and toxicity of this treatment still have to be investigated. Between March 2007 and December 2012, six children with primary metastatic HGG (n=4) or DIPG (n=2) received CSI and concurrent metroTMZ based on individual treatment recommendations and, in some cases, within the HIT-HGG 2007 multicenter trial. Outcome and treatment-related toxicities were evaluated. All patients received irradiation to the entire craniospinal axis (35.2 Gy, n=5; 36 Gy, n=1:) and 5 received a local boost to macroscopic tumor deposits. Simultaneously, metroTMZ (75 mg/m{sup 2}/day, n=5; 60 mg/m{sup 2}/day, n=1) was administered. Additionally, 1 patient received nimotuzumab once per week. Within a median follow-up of 10.0 months (range 6.5-18.7 months), all patients experienced disease progression and 5 patients died. Median progression-free survival was 4.0±0.8 months (range 2.4-10.7 months) and median overall survival was 7.6±3.5 months (range 4.0-17.6 months). Acute myelosuppression most severely limited application of this aggressive treatment strategy. Severe hematotoxicities (= grade 3) occurred in all patients and metroTMZ had to be interrupted or discontinued in 4 out of 6 cases. Concurrent CSI and metroTMZ might represent a feasible treatment approach for primary metastatic HGG and DIPG. On the basis of our experience, severe but manageable acute hematotoxicity has to be expected. An international effort is warranted to reassess the efficacy and toxicity of this approach within a prospective study. (orig.)

Genetic evaluation and genetic gains with the selection for Jatropha curcas populations Parâmetros genéticos e ganho com a seleção para populações de pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Cristina Pinto Juhász

2010-06-01

Full Text Available

This work aimed at estimating genetic parameters from the vegetative stage in five populations from Jatropha curcas L. The half sib progenies were cultivated at Biojan farm, in Janaúba, MG. Plant height, stem diameter, number of branches and crown projection were assessed in all plants at three and six months old. In population 2, there was no genetic variability for all traits evaluated. The genetic gains estimated with the selection from the ten best individuals in other populations were 4% to 8% for plant height (population 1 and 4, 5% to 7% for stem diameter (population 1 and 5, 14% to 25% for the number or branches (population 3 and 5 and 9% for crown projections in population 4. According to the results obtained from this study, these populations are adequate for the continuity of the breeding program of this species in the region.

doi: 10.4336/2010.pfb.30.61.25

O presente estudo objetivou estimar parâmetros genéticos da fase vegetativa em cinco populações de pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.. As progênies de meios-irmãos foram plantadas na Fazenda da Biojan, em Janaúba, MG. Aos três e seis meses de idade, foram avaliadas as características altura de plantas, diâmetro de caule, número de ramos e projeção da copa, em todas as plantas. A população 2 não apresentou variabilidade genética para os caracteres avaliados. Nas demais populações, com a seleção dos dez melhores indivíduos, os ganhos genéticos preditos variaram de 4% a 8% para altura de plantas (populações 1 e 4, 5% a 7% para diâmetro de caule (populações 1 e 5, 14% e 25% para número de ramos aos 3 meses (populações 3 e 5 e 9% para projeção da copa na população 4. De acordo com os resultados observados neste trabalho, estas populações são adequadas para dar continuidade ao programa de melhoramento genético da espécie na região.

doi: 10.4336/2010.pfb.30.61.25

Toxic Elements

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hajeb, Parvaneh; Shakibazadeh, Shahram; Sloth, Jens Jørgen

2016-01-01

Food is considered the main source of toxic element (arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury) exposure to humans, and they can cause major public health effects. In this chapter, we discuss the most important sources for toxic element in food and the foodstuffs which are significant contributors to h...

Chemopreventive agents attenuate rapid inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication induced by environmental toxicants

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Babica, Pavel; Čtveráčková, Lucie; Lenčešová, Zuzana; Trosko, J. E.; Upham, B. L.

2016-01-01

Roč. 68, č. 5 (2016), s. 827-837 ISSN 0163-5581 R&D Projects: GA MŠk LH12034 Institutional support: RVO:67985939 Keywords : gap junctional intercellular communication * chemopreventive agents * environmental toxicants Subject RIV: FR - Pharmacology ; Medidal Chemistry Impact factor: 2.447, year: 2016

Predicción bayesiana de parámetros genéticos en clones de Eucalyptus globulus bajo condiciones de suplemento hídrico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Freddy Mora

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un análisis Bayesiano de parámetros genéticos del crecimiento en 29 clones de Eucalyptus globulus de doce meses de edad, en el sur de Chile. Se consideraron dos condiciones ambientales contrastantes en cuanto a la disponibilidad hídrica: 1. Sin irrigación, y 2. Las plantas se irrigaron con un sistema localizado de riego. Para el análisis Bayesiano se utilizó el algoritmo de Gibbs en un modelo de interacción clonambiente. Los valores de heredabilidad fueron altos en la condición de riego (moda a posteriori de H^2=0,41, 0,36 y 0,39 para la altura, diámetro y área basal, respectivamente, en tanto que en la situación sin riego, los valores de las heredabilidades fueron significativamente más bajos; confirmado por medio de los intervalos de credibilidad Bayesianos (95 % de probabilidad. La moda a posteriori de la correlación genética entre sitios fue positiva y alta para las tres características (r=0,7, 0,65 y 0,8, para altura, diámetro y área basal, respectivamente, y de acuerdo al intervalo de credibilidad, esta correlación fue estadísticamente diferente de cero, indicando una interacción no significativa.

Parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos do surubim do Iguaçu (Steindachneridion melanodermatum criados em tanques-rede

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Micheli Zaminhan

2017-06-01

Full Text Available O surubim do Iguaçu (S. melanodermatum é o maior pimelodídeo do Rio Iguaçu, podendo atingir até 15,0 kg e 70,0 cm de comprimento. Porém, escassos são os estudos sobre sua fisiologia principalmente em relação às características hematológicas e bioquímicas da espécie, que são fundamentais por contribuírem na compreensão fisiológica, filogenética e o estado de saúde dos peixes. Dentro desse intuito, o presente trabalho avaliou as características hematológicas e bioquímicas do Surubim do Iguaçu cultivados em tanques – rede. Determinou-se os seguintes parâmetros: concentração de hemoglobina, percentual de hematócrito, contagem de eritrócitos, volume corpuscular médio (VCM, hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM, concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM. Para os parâmetros bioquímicos determinou–se: glicose plasmática, proteínas totais, colesterol total e triglicerídeos. Os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos observados no surubim do Iguaçu S. melanodermatum  fornecem valores sanguíneos que poderão servir de comparação, para mesma espécie em outras situações de cultivo.

Bafômetro positivo: correlatos do comportamento de beber e dirigir na cidade de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil Alcoholímetro positivo: interrelación entre la conducta de beber y conducir en la ciudad de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil Positive breathalyzer test: factors associated with drinking and driving in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valdir Ribeiro Campos

2013-01-01

Full Text Available As características dos condutores que adotam o comportamento do beber e dirigir ainda não foram bem estudadas no país. O presente estudo apresenta dados da prevalência e características dos motoristas sob a influência de álcool nas nove regionais da cidade de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram entrevistados 1.656 condutores. Desses, 1.254 (76% aceitaram responder a um questionário estruturado e fazer o teste do bafômetro. O teste do bafômetro foi positivo para 15% dos condutores. O modelo de regressão logística prediz bafômetro positivo com chance 1,5 vez maior para os condutores com idade acima de 31 anos e 4,5 vezes maior para quem tem frequência de consumo de álcool pelo menos semanal. Além disso, condutores da regional Barreiro tem 2 vezes mais chances de apresentarem bafômetro positivo. Estudos localizados com metodologia dos postos de checagem da sobriedade podem monitorar o comportamento e características dos condutores, riscos no trânsito e direcionar políticas públicas para o beber e dirigir.Las características de los conductores que adoptan la conducta de beber y conducir todavía no han sido bien estudiadas en el país. El presente estudio muestra datos de la prevalencia y características de los conductores bajo la influencia de alcohol en las nueve carreteras regionales de la ciudad de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se entrevistaron a 1.656 conductores. De ellos, 1.254 (76% aceptaron responder a un cuestionario estructurado y hacer el test del alcoholímetro. El test del alcoholímetro fue positivo para un 15% de los conductores. El modelo de regresión logística predice un alcoholímetro positivo con una probabilidad 1,5 vez mayor para los conductores de edad por encima de los 31 años y 4,5 veces mayor para quien tiene una frecuencia de consumo de alcohol por lo menos semanal. Asimismo, conductores de la regional Barreiro tienen 2 veces más probabilidad de presentar positivo en el alcoholímetro

Determinación de los parámetros para la simulación matemática del proceso de deshidratación de la uchuva (Physalis Peruviana L.)

OpenAIRE

Mahecha Godoy, Juan Carlos

2011-01-01

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar experimentalmente los parámetros necesarios para la simulación matemática del proceso de deshidratación de la Uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.). Para ello se evaluó el proceso de deshidratación con aire caliente para dos pre-tratamientos: escaldado, osmodeshidratado y testigo sin ningún tratamiento especial. Como parámetros para la simulación matemática del proceso de deshidratación de la uchuva se determinaron las ecuaciones para el Contenido de Humeda...

"Watching the Detectives" report of the general assembly of the EU project DETECTIVE Brussels, 24-25 November 2015.

Science.gov (United States)

Fernando, Ruani N; Chaudhari, Umesh; Escher, Sylvia E; Hengstler, Jan G; Hescheler, Jürgen; Jennings, Paul; Keun, Hector C; Kleinjans, Jos C S; Kolde, Raivo; Kollipara, Laxmikanth; Kopp-Schneider, Annette; Limonciel, Alice; Nemade, Harshal; Nguemo, Filomain; Peterson, Hedi; Prieto, Pilar; Rodrigues, Robim M; Sachinidis, Agapios; Schäfer, Christoph; Sickmann, Albert; Spitkovsky, Dimitry; Stöber, Regina; van Breda, Simone G J; van de Water, Bob; Vivier, Manon; Zahedi, René P; Vinken, Mathieu; Rogiers, Vera

2016-06-01

SEURAT-1 is a joint research initiative between the European Commission and Cosmetics Europe aiming to develop in vitro- and in silico-based methods to replace the in vivo repeated dose systemic toxicity test used for the assessment of human safety. As one of the building blocks of SEURAT-1, the DETECTIVE project focused on a key element on which in vitro toxicity testing relies: the development of robust and reliable, sensitive and specific in vitro biomarkers and surrogate endpoints that can be used for safety assessments of chronically acting toxicants, relevant for humans. The work conducted by the DETECTIVE consortium partners has established a screening pipeline of functional and "-omics" technologies, including high-content and high-throughput screening platforms, to develop and investigate human biomarkers for repeated dose toxicity in cellular in vitro models. Identification and statistical selection of highly predictive biomarkers in a pathway- and evidence-based approach constitute a major step in an integrated approach towards the replacement of animal testing in human safety assessment. To discuss the final outcomes and achievements of the consortium, a meeting was organized in Brussels. This meeting brought together data-producing and supporting consortium partners. The presentations focused on the current state of ongoing and concluding projects and the strategies employed to identify new relevant biomarkers of toxicity. The outcomes and deliverables, including the dissemination of results in data-rich "-omics" databases, were discussed as were the future perspectives of the work completed under the DETECTIVE project. Although some projects were still in progress and required continued data analysis, this report summarizes the presentations, discussions and the outcomes of the project.

Estimación de los Parámetros de un Modelo de una Celda Fotovoltaica Utilizando un Algoritmo de Optimización de Búsqueda de Patrones

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrés Felipe Tobón-Mejía

2015-07-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se propone un nuevo método para la estimación de los parámetros del modelo matemático de una celda fotovoltaica de un solo diodo. El trabajo está basado en el algoritmo de optimización llamado Pattern Search Method (MPS, por sus siglas en inglés. Los parámetros estimados son: corriente de diodo, corriente de saturación, resistencia en serie, resistencia en paralelo y el factor del diodo ideal. Los resultados muestran que es posible obtener el modelo equivalente a través de la identificación de los parámetros. Adicionalmente, los resultados obtenidos son comparados con datos obtenidos mediante un emulador de celdas fotovoltaicas. Para realizar los experimentos se asumió condiciones controladas, es decir, temperatura e irradiación constantes. De esta manera, se puede deducir que el método propuesto se puede utilizar en aplicaciones de control para el seguimiento del máximo punto de potencia (MPPT, por sus siglas en inglés de celdas fotovoltaicas.

PARÂMETROS DE CURVAS TEMPO-INTENSIDADE DOS ESTÍMULOS DOCE E AMARGO DE EDULCORANTES: SELEÇÃO POR ANÁLISE DISCRIMINANTE POR PASSO E ANÁLISE DE CORRELAÇÃO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Helena Maria André Bolini CARDELLO

2009-07-01

Full Text Available

A análise tempo-intensidade é uma técnica que permite estudar as variações de intensidade de estímulos sensoriais com o decorrer do tempo. Para este estudo, são coletados os valores de parâmetros das curvas obtidas, os quais são submetidos a análises estatísticas, que fornecem informações sobre o estimulo sensorial gerado pela amostra avaliada. Esse processo é trabalhoso, uma vez que são analisadas várias curvas, em razão do número de amostras, provadores e repetições. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar a possibilidade de diminuir o número de parâmetros que devem ser obtidos de cada curva. Para isso, foram realizadas análises de correlação entre os parâmetros e análise discriminante por passos. Os edulcorantes estudados foram: aspartame, extrato de folhas de estévia e ciclamato/sacarina 2:1, em doçura equivalente à sacarose em solução a 3%, 10%,20% e 30%. Os parâmetros obtidos foram: tempo para atingir a intensidade máxima (TImáx, tempo onde a intensidade máxima começa a declinar (Td, tempo de duração da intensidade máxima (Platô, área total sob a curva (Área, tempo total de duração do estímulo (Ttot e intensidade máxima percebida (Imáx Concluiu-se que, para os gostos doce e amargo, para os edulcorantes estudados, o parâmetro Área poderia ser eliminado .

Precisión diagnóstica de indicadores antropométricos: perímetro de cintura, índice cintura-talla e índice cintura-cadera para la identificación de sobrepeso y obesidad infantil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

HI Saldívar-Cerón

2016-04-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN: la identificación de obesidad durante la infancia es complicada debido a que la talla sigue incrementándose y la composición corporal está cambiando constantemente; actualmente su diagnóstico se realiza por medio de los patrones de crecimiento propuestos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS; sin embargo, se han propuesto diversos indicadores antropométricos para una detección equivalente.   OBJETIVO: determinar la precisión diagnóstica del perímetro de cintura, el índice cintura-talla y el índice cintura-cadera para la identificación de sobrepeso y obesidad infantil.   MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio transversal y analítico con una muestra de 1,001 escolares (9-11 años de ambos géneros. Se hicieron las mediciones antropométricas (peso, talla, perímetro de cintura y perímetro de cadera y se calculó el índice de masa corporal, índice cintura-talla e índice cintura-cadera. Se evaluó la correlación de los índices antropométricos vs. el índice de masa corporal y se efectuó un análisis de curvas ROC tomando como variable de estudio el perímetro de cintura, índice cintura talla e índice cintura-cadera y como parámetro de referencia los percentiles de índice de masa corporal (OMS, 2007. Se obtuvieron la sensibilidad, especificidad, las áreas bajo la curva, el valor predictivo positivo y negativo de los indicadores antropométricos y los puntos de corte que identifican sobrepeso y obesidad.   RESULTADOS: el perímetro de cintura y el índice cintura talla tienen una alta correlación positiva (r = 0.75, 0.69, respectivamente; p < 0.001, pero la correlación fue débil para el índice cintura-cadera (r = 0.23; p < 0.001. El perímetro de cintura e índice cintura-talla mostraron grandes áreas bajo la curva, sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y valor predictivo negativo para la identificación de obesidad infantil. CONCLUSIÓN: el perímetro de cintura

Estimation of toxicity using the Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (TEST)

Science.gov (United States)

Tens of thousands of chemicals are currently in commerce, and hundreds more are introduced every year. Since experimental measurements of toxicity are extremely time consuming and expensive, it is imperative that alternative methods to estimate toxicity are developed.

Application of ANP and DEMATEL to evaluate the decision-making of municipal solid waste management in Metro Manila.

Science.gov (United States)

Tseng, Ming-Lang

2009-09-01

A municipal solid waste management (MSW) expert group was consulted in order to mirror how government officials might reach an effective solution regarding municipal solid waste management in Metro Manila. A critical issue regarding this is how the expert group can better evaluate and select a favorable MSW management solution using a series of criteria. MSW management solution selection is a multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem, which requires the consideration of a large number of complex criteria. A robust MCDM method should consider the interactions among these criteria. The analytic network process (ANP) is a relatively new MCDM method which can deal with all kinds of interactions systematically. The Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) not only can convert the relations between cause and effect of criteria into a structural model, but also can be used as a way to handle the inner dependences within a set of criteria. Hence, this paper applies an effective solution based on a combined ANP and DEMATEL method to assist the expert group evaluating different MSW management solutions. According to the results, the best solution is for each city to have its own type of thermal process technology and resource recovery facility before landfill rather than entering a joint venture with enterprises or going into build-operate-transfer projects in order to be able to construct thermal process technologies and resource recovery facilities.

Children's Ability to Recognise Toxic and Non-Toxic Fruits

Science.gov (United States)

Fancovicova, Jana; Prokop, Pavol

2011-01-01

Children's ability to identify common plants is a necessary prerequisite for learning botany. However, recent work has shown that children lack positive attitudes toward plants and are unable to identify them. We examined children's (aged 10-17) ability to discriminate between common toxic and non-toxic plants and their mature fruits presented in…

Toxic substances handbook

Science.gov (United States)

Junod, T. L.

1979-01-01

Handbook, published in conjunction with Toxic Substances Alert Program at NASA Lewis Research Center, profiles 187 toxic chemicals in their relatively pure states and include 27 known or suspected carcinogens.

Removal of toxic industrial chemicals using novel adsorbent hollow fibres

OpenAIRE

Jeffs, Corinne

2015-01-01

The current military respirator provides protection from contaminants using a cartridge packed with adsorbent activated carbon particles treated with metal salts to provide protection from toxic gases. However, the user of this respirator is subject to a physiological burden as a result. One component of this burden is the pressure drop, which makes breathing through the respirator filter difficult, with the burden becoming more severe at higher breathing rates. This project investigates the ...

Toxicity evaluation and prediction of toxic chemicals on activated sludge system.

Science.gov (United States)

Cai, Bijing; Xie, Li; Yang, Dianhai; Arcangeli, Jean-Pierre

2010-05-15

The gaps of data for evaluating toxicity of new or overloaded organic chemicals on activated sludge system resulted in the requirements for methodology of toxicity estimation. In this study, 24 aromatic chemicals typically existed in the industrial wastewater were selected and classified into three groups of benzenes, phenols and anilines. Their toxicity on activated sludge was then investigated. Two indexes of IC(50-M) and IC(50-S) were determined respectively from the respiration rates of activated sludge with different toxicant concentration at mid-term (24h) and short-term (30min) time intervals. Experimental results showed that the group of benzenes was the most toxic, followed by the groups of phenols and anilines. The values of IC(50-M) of the tested chemicals were higher than those of IC(50-S). In addition, quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) models developed from IC(50-M) were more stable and accurate than those of IC(50-S). The multiple linear models based on molecular descriptors and K(ow) presented better reliability than single linear models based on K(ow). Among these molecular descriptors, E(lumo) was the most important impact factor for evaluation of mid-term toxicity. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

ESTIMACIÓN DE PARÁMETROS EN MODELOS NO LINEALES: ALGORITMOS Y APLICACIONES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Óscar Cornejo Zúñiga

Full Text Available En este artículo se muestran diferentes algoritmos para estimar parámetros en modelos no lineales. Se aplican primeramente a una base de datos de problemas clasificados difíciles. Posteriormente, se muestra el comportamiento de los algoritmos para el estudio de crecimiento de la merluza común en machos y hembras, anchoveta y sardina común ajustando un modelo de Von Bertalanffy. Se aplica el test de Cerrato para la comparación de crecimientos entre géneros para la merluza común. Los algoritmos se implementaron en ambiente MATLAB presentando un buen comportamiento en cuanto a tiempo CPU, número de iteraciones y exactitud de la solución encontrada respecto de valores certificados de los problemas de la base de datos.

Balón hidrostático de gran diámetro en coledocolitiasis Large hydrostatic ballon for choledocolithiasis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. Espinel

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: valorar la eficacia y seguridad de la dilatación hidrostática con balones de gran diámetro en el tratamiento de la coledocolitiasis en pacientes con factores que dificultan o hacen peligrosa la extracción, por las características de los cálculos o de la anatomía peripapilar. Diseño: prospectivo. Pacientes: estudio que incluye 22 pacientes a los que se realizó dilatación hidrostática de la papila con balones de gran diámetro entre junio de 2005 y abril de 2006 por presentar cálculos de gran tamaño, múltiples, colédoco distal afilado, papila peri-/intradiverticular, esfinterotomía previa o Billroth-II. Se emplearon dilatadores CRE de esófago, píloro y colon (Boston Scientific Corporation de diámetros entre 12 y 20 mm. Resultados: se consiguió la extracción de los cálculos en una sesión en todos los pacientes (100%. La mayor parte de las exploraciones (73% no requirieron tiempos prolongados para la extracción. No hubo complicaciones. Se detectó hiperamilasemia en el 18% de los pacientes. Conclusiones: la dilatación hidrostática de la papila con balones de gran diámetro es una técnica sencilla, eficaz y segura en la extracción de cálculos difíciles de la vía biliar, sin incrementar el tiempo de la exploración, ni las complicaciones, reduciendo la necesidad de litotricia. Son necesarios estudios adicionales para definir la utilidad de esta técnica.Aim: to assess the efficacy and safety of hydrostatic dilatation with large balloons for the treatment of choledocolithiasis in patients with difficult or risky extraction due to stone characteristics or peripapillary anatomy. Design: prospective. Patients: this study included 22 patients in whom a hydrostatic dilatation of the papilla with large balloons was performed between June 2005 and April 2006. Patients had multiple large stones, tapered distal common bile duct, peri-/intradiverticular papilla, previous sphincterotomy, or Billroth-II surgery. Esophageal

Determination of leachate toxicity through acute toxicity using Daphnia pulex and anaerobic toxicity assays

OpenAIRE

Carabalí-Rivera, Y. S; Barba-Ho, L. E; Torres-Lozada, P

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT The municipal solid waste (MSW) of large cities, in particular the ones of developing countries, is mainly disposed in landfills (LFs), whose inadequate management generates the emission of greenhouse gases and the production of leachates with high concentrations of organic and inorganic matter and, occasionally heavy metals. In this study, the toxicity of the leachates from an intermediate-age municipal landfill was evaluated by ecotoxicity and anaerobic toxicity tests. The acute to...

Toxic clinical hypoxic radiation sensitizers plus radiation-induced toxicity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Richmond, R.C.

1984-01-01

The operational definition espoused twelve years ago that clinical hypoxic radiation sensitizers should be nontoxic interferes with the recognition and research of useful radiation sensitizers. Eight years ago the toxic antitumor drug cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) was reported to be a hypoxic radiation sensitizer and the selective antitumor action of this drug was stressed as potentially creating tumor-targeted radiation sensitization. This rationale of oxidative antitumor drugs as toxic and targeted clinical sensitizers is useful, and has led to the study reported here. The antitumor drug cis-(1,1-cyclobutane-dicarboxylato)diammineplatinum(II), or JM-8, is being tested in clinical trials. Cells of S. typhimurium in PBS in the presence of 0.2mM JM-8 are found to be sensitized to irradiation under hypoxic, but not oxic, conditions. JM-8 is nontoxic to bacteria at this concentration, but upon irradiation the JM-8 solution becomes highly toxic. This radiation induced toxicity of JM-8 preferentially develops from hypoxic solution, and thus contributes to the rationale of hypoxic tumor cell destruction

Programação, conexão e avaliação de psicrômetro aspirado de termopar de baixo custo em micrologger para estudos agrometeorológicos

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Antonio Ribeiro da Cunha

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Como o método psicrométrico é considerado padrão para a medida da umidade relativa do ar, muitas pesquisas têm utilizado psicrômetros aspirados de termopares conectados em microloggers, mas, no entanto, não detalham a forma de como é feita a aspiração da corrente de ar. Contudo, uma das maiores dificuldades dos psicrômetros aspirados de termopar têm sido a programação e a conexão em micrologger pelo usuário, pois exige especificidade na forma de programação, conexão e habilidade na obtenção de medidas acuradas. Assim, este trabalho teve o objetivo de fornecer a programação e a conexão do psicrômetro aspirado de termopar tipo T, conectado nos microloggers CR10X e CR23X da Campbell Scientific, avaliando-se a qualidade das medidas obtidas de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar em relação a um sensor Vaisala HMP50. As medidas não contínuas foram feitas no período de 04/09/2006 a 11/07/2007 em Jaboticabal, SP. As medidas de temperatura do ar foram semelhantes entre os sensores Vaisala e psicrômetro aspirado de termopar, mas nas medidas de umidade relativa do ar, houve diferenças significativas, sendo que as medidas obtidas pelo psicrômetro aspirado de termopar conectado ao CR10X foram as mais precisas. Utilizando a programação e a conexão de um micro-ventilador 12 VDC da forma sugerida para aspirar os bulbos seco e úmido do psicrômetro aspirado de termopar, nos microloggers modelos CR10X e CR23X, é possível obter medidas de temperatura do ar com boa precisão e exatidão, mas, no entanto, medidas de umidade relativa do ar com boa precisão e exatidão nem sempre é atingida, devido às dificuldades inerentes ao processo físico que ocorre no bulbo úmido, a habilidade e manutenção no uso deste equipamento, e a proteção do reservatório contra os efeitos radiativos.

Dispersion modeling of accidental releases of toxic gases - utility for the fire brigades.

Science.gov (United States)

Stenzel, S.; Baumann-Stanzer, K.

2009-09-01

Several air dispersion models are available for prediction and simulation of the hazard areas associated with accidental releases of toxic gases. The most model packages (commercial or free of charge) include a chemical database, an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI) and automated graphical output for effective presentation of results. The models are designed especially for analyzing different accidental toxic release scenarios ("worst-case scenarios”), preparing emergency response plans and optimal countermeasures as well as for real-time risk assessment and management. The research project RETOMOD (reference scenarios calculations for toxic gas releases - model systems and their utility for the fire brigade) was conducted by the Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG) in cooperation with the Viennese fire brigade, OMV Refining & Marketing GmbH and Synex Ries & Greßlehner GmbH. RETOMOD was funded by the KIRAS safety research program of the Austrian Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology (www.kiras.at). The main tasks of this project were 1. Sensitivity study and optimization of the meteorological input for modeling of the hazard areas (human exposure) during the accidental toxic releases. 2. Comparison of several model packages (based on reference scenarios) in order to estimate the utility for the fire brigades. For the purpose of our study the following models were tested and compared: ALOHA (Areal Location of Hazardous atmosphere, EPA), MEMPLEX (Keudel av-Technik GmbH), Trace (Safer System), Breeze (Trinity Consulting), SAM (Engineering office Lohmeyer). A set of reference scenarios for Chlorine, Ammoniac, Butane and Petrol were proceed, with the models above, in order to predict and estimate the human exposure during the event. Furthermore, the application of the observation-based analysis and forecasting system INCA, developed in the Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG) in case of toxic release was

Separations chemistry of toxic metals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, P.; Barr, M.; Barrans, R.

1996-01-01

Sequestering and removing toxic metal ions from their surroundings is an increasingly active area of research and is gaining importance in light of current environmental contamination problems both within the DOE complex and externally. One method of separating metal ions is to complex them to a molecule (a ligand or chelator) which exhibits specific binding affinity for a toxic metal, even in the presence of other more benign metals. This approach makes use of the sometimes subtle differences between toxic and non-toxic metals resulting from variations in size, charge and shape. For example, toxic metals such as chromium, arsenic, and technetium exist in the environment as oxyanions, negatively charged species with a characteristic tetrahedral shape. Other toxic metals such as actinides and heavy metals are positively charged spheres with specific affinities for particular donor atoms such as oxygen (for actinides) and nitrogen (for heavy metals). In most cases the toxic metals are found in the presence of much larger quantities of less toxic metals such as sodium, calcium and iron. The selectivity of the chelators is critical to the goal of removing the toxic metals from their less toxic counterparts. The approach was to build a ligand framework that complements the unique characteristics of the toxic metal (size, charge and shape) while minimizing interactions with non-toxic metals. The authors have designed ligands exhibiting specificity for the target metals; they have synthesized, characterized and tested these ligands; and they have shown that they exhibit the proposed selectivity and cooperative binding effects

Time Shared Optical Network (TSON): a novel metro architecture for flexible multi-granular services.

Science.gov (United States)

Zervas, Georgios S; Triay, Joan; Amaya, Norberto; Qin, Yixuan; Cervelló-Pastor, Cristina; Simeonidou, Dimitra

2011-12-12

This paper presents the Time Shared Optical Network (TSON) as metro mesh network architecture for guaranteed, statistically-multiplexed services. TSON proposes a flexible and tunable time-wavelength assignment along with one-way tree-based reservation and node architecture. It delivers guaranteed sub-wavelength and multi-granular network services without wavelength conversion, time-slice interchange and optical buffering. Simulation results demonstrate high network utilization, fast service delivery, and low end-to-end delay on a contention-free sub-wavelength optical transport network. In addition, implementation complexity in terms of Layer 2 aggregation, grooming and optical switching has been evaluated. © 2011 Optical Society of America

Application of neutron activation analysis technique to the determination of toxic elements in Pakistani foodstuffs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qureshi, I.H.; Mannan, A.; Zaidi, J.H.; Arif, M.; Khalid, N.

1988-01-01

In view of well defined physiochemical roles of essential elements and adverse effects of toxic elements, it is important to obtain fundamental data on trace element nutrition, inadequacy, imbalances and toxicity. In order to achieve these objectives, a research project was initiated in 1985 with the collaboration of the IAEA. Three representative diet samples of the inhabitants of Rawalpindi/Islamabad areas were prepared according to the family income and food habits. Twenty one elements were analysed by NAA and AAS. The dietary intake values were estimated and compared with the suggested daily requirement or tolerance limits. In general, it has been observed that the diets are an adequate source of nutrient elements. The toxic element levels are well below the tolerance limits. (author). 20 refs, 4 figs, 7 tabs

New Jersey: Clean Air Communities (A Former EPA CARE Project)

Science.gov (United States)

Clean Air Communities (CAC) is the recipient of a Level II CARE cooperative agreement to implement recommendations by the state’s Environmental Justice Task Force and the Air Toxics Pilot Project to reduce environmental risks.

The Dynamic Optimization of the Departure Times of Metro Users during Rush Hour in an Agent-Based Simulation: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China

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Yuliang Xi

2017-10-01

Full Text Available As serious traffic problems have increased throughout the world, various types of studies, especially traffic simulations, have been conducted to investigate this issue. Activity-based traffic simulation models, such as MATSim (Multi-Agent Transport Simulation, are intended to identify optimal combinations of activities in time and space. It is also necessary to examine commuting-based traffic simulations. Such simulations focus on optimizing travel times by adjusting departure times, travel modes or travel routes to present travel suggestions to the public. This paper examines the optimal departure times of metro users during rush hour using a newly developed simulation tool. A strategy for identifying relatively optimal departure times is identified. This study examines 103,637 person agents (passengers in Shenzhen, China, and reports their average departure time, travel time and travel utility, as well as the numbers of person agents who are late and miss metro trips in every iteration. The results demonstrate that as the number of iterations increases, the average travel time of these person agents decreases by approximately 4 min. Moreover, the latest average departure time with no risk of being late when going to work is approximately 8:04, and the earliest average departure time with no risk of missing metro trips when getting off work is approximately 17:50.

Comportamiento de algunos parámetros de los azúcares crudos analizados durante el quinquenio 2006-2010. Parte 2

OpenAIRE

Roberto J. Rodríguez-Mambuca; Julián Rodríguez-López; Jesús Mesa-Oramas; Alejandra Sánchez-Herrera; Miriam Gay-Querol Camacho

2014-01-01

El objetivo del presente trabajo es brindar información sobre el comportamiento de diferentes parámetros con incidencia en la calidad del azúcar crudo producido durante el quinquenio 2006-2010 tales como: par- tículas ferromagnéticas, ceniza, granulometría, insolubles, dextrana y almidón, y evaluar las tendencias de esos índices por provincias.

Immunotoxicity, genotoxicity and epigenetic toxicity of nanomaterials: New strategies for toxicity testing?

Science.gov (United States)

Dusinska, Maria; Tulinska, Jana; El Yamani, Naouale; Kuricova, Miroslava; Liskova, Aurelia; Rollerova, Eva; Rundén-Pran, Elise; Smolkova, Bozena

2017-11-01

The unique properties of nanomaterials (NMs) are beneficial in numerous industrial and medical applications. However, they could also induce unintended effects. Thus, a proper strategy for toxicity testing is essential in human hazard and risk assessment. Toxicity can be tested in vivo and in vitro; in compliance with the 3Rs, alternative strategies for in vitro testing should be further developed for NMs. Robust, standardized methods are of great importance in nanotoxicology, with comprehensive material characterization and uptake as an integral part of the testing strategy. Oxidative stress has been shown to be an underlying mechanism of possible toxicity of NMs, causing both immunotoxicity and genotoxicity. For testing NMs in vitro, a battery of tests should be performed on cells of human origin, either cell lines or primary cells, in conditions as close as possible to an in vivo situation. Novel toxicity pathways, particularly epigenetic modification, should be assessed along with conventional toxicity testing methods. However, to initiate epigenetic toxicity screens for NM exposure, there is a need to better understand their adverse effects on the epigenome, to identify robust and reproducible causal links between exposure, epigenetic changes and adverse phenotypic endpoints, and to develop improved assays to monitor epigenetic toxicity. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Importância dos parâmetros seminais nos resultados de inseminação intra-uterina

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Borges Junior Edson

2003-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: analisar a relevância dos parâmetros seminais nos resultados dos ciclos de inseminação intra-uterina (IIU em pacientes com causa masculina de infertilidade e salientar o caráter prognóstico de cada parâmetro para o sucesso da técnica. MÉTODOS: duzentos e trinta e nove ciclos de IIU (155 casais foram analisados durante período de 15 meses. Todos as pacientes foram submetidas à indução da ovulação de acordo com protocolos do I Consenso Brasileiro de Indução de Ovulação. A análise seminal foi realizada de acordo com os critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS para parâmetros como concentração e motilidade e critério estrito de Kruger para avaliação da morfologia. O preparo da amostra para IIU foi realizado por meio de gradientes descontínuos de densidade (ISolate®. Foram formados dois grupos de pacientes de acordo com o resultado de gestação: grupo G - gestação positiva e grupo NG - gestação negativa. RESULTADOS: não houve diferença significativa nos valores obtidos relacionados à concentração total de espermatozóides/mL de sêmen, motilidade total, motilidade de formas progressivas antes e depois do processamento seminal. Quando a morfologia estrita de Kruger foi comparada entre os dois grupos, diferenças significativas foram encontradas (grupo G=10,6% de formas normais; grupo NG=6,4% de formas normais; p<0.05 quando o número de espermatozóides/mL inseminados foi superior a 15 milhões/mL, a taxa de gravidez foi significantemente maior. CONCLUSÕES: tanto a morfologia estrita de Kruger como o número de espermatozóides inseminados parecem ser fatores prognósticos positivos para o estabelecimento da gestação, devendo ser salientados na investigação do homem infértil.

Parâmetros Ecocardiográficos e Sobrevida na Cardiopatia Chagásica com Disfunção Sistólica Importante

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Daniela do Carmo Rassi

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: O ecocardiograma fornece dados importantes na avaliação cardiológica de pacientes em insuficiência cardíaca. A identificação de parâmetros ecocardiográficos na cardiopatia chagásica grave auxiliaria na implementação terapêutica e na avaliação prognóstica. Objetivo: Correlacionar parâmetros ecocardiográficos com desfecho mortalidade cardiovascular em pacientes com fração de ejeção 70,71 mL/m2 foi associado ao aumento significativo na mortalidade (log rank p < 0,0001. Conclusão: O volume indexado do átrio esquerdo mostrou-se como único fator de predição independente de mortalidade nesta população de pacientes chagásicos e com disfunção sistólica importante.

Radionuclide toxicity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Galle, P.

1982-01-01

The aim of this symposium was to review the radionuclide toxicity problems. Five topics were discussed: (1) natural and artificial radionuclides (origin, presence or emission in the environment, human irradiation); (2) environmental behaviour of radionuclides and transfer to man; (3) metabolism and toxicity of radionuclides (radioiodine, strontium, rare gas released from nuclear power plants, ruthenium-activation metals, rare earths, tritium, carbon 14, plutonium, americium, curium and einsteinium, neptunium, californium, uranium) cancerogenous effects of radon 222 and of its danghter products; (4) comparison of the hazards of various types of energy; (5) human epidemiology of radionuclide toxicity (bone cancer induction by radium, lung cancer induction by radon daughter products, liver cancer and leukaemia following the use of Thorotrast, thyroid cancer; other site of cancer induction by radionuclides) [fr

UTILIZACIÓN DE IMÁGENES DIGITALES PARA MEDICIÓN DEL DIÁMETRO DE FRUTOS DE MANDARINA (Citrus reticulata EN CRECIMIENTO

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Carlos Alberto Padrón-Pereira

2014-04-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este trabajo fue usar imágenes digitales para medir el diámetro ecuatorial de frutos de mandarina durante el crecimiento en el árbol para construir curvas de crecimiento. El experimento se realizó en una parcela (9 m x 5 m, ubicada en Valencia (Venezuela y cultivada con árboles frutales (Acerola, limón, mandarina, palmeras creciendo naturalmente. Se seleccionaron dos frutos de la parte inferior de la copa (altura del suelo 2.5 m en crecimiento, de idéntico diámetro ecuatorial (39 mm y en la cercanía se colocó una referencia fija de medida. Se utilizó una computadora portátil, una cámara digital calibrada y un software de diseño gráfico. El ensayo se llevó a cabo durante 105 días y cada 4 a 5 días se fotografiaron los frutos. Las imágenes captadas se descargaron en la computadora y procesaron con el software CorelDRAW® X3. La medición de los frutos en las imágenes se realizó con una regla graduada virtual creada con el software y con los datos obtenidos se elaboraron curvas de crecimiento. Los dos frutos se comportaron de similar manera durante el crecimiento, con coincidencias en las mediciones los días 58 y 84 (44.25 y 50.50 mm, respectivamente, en este último día, aproximadamente se inició la fase 3, coincidiendo en ambos frutos. Los diámetros ecuatoriales alcanzados a los 105 días fueron 48.50 y 50.75 mm para el fruto 1 y 2, respectivamente. Fueron factibles las mediciones mediante el procedimiento utilizado.

Revisión de parámetros fisicoquímicos como indicadores de calidad y contaminación del agua

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Natalia Eugenia Samboni Ruiz

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Con el fin de facilitar la interpretación de los datos físicos, químicos y biológicos, cada vez más agencias medio-ambientales, universidades e institutos recurren a los indices de calidad y contaminación del agua (ICA e ICO, los cuales mediante una expresión matemática que representa todos los parámetros valorados permiten evaluar el recurso hídrico. La elaboración y aplicación de cualquier indicador es específica para cada región o fuente en particular; pero su construcción básicamente consta de tres pasos fundamentales: la selección de las variables, la determinación de los subíndices para cada parámetro y la elección de la fórmula de agregación. Los variables que más se tienen en cuenta en este proceso son: pH, oxígeno disuelto, Demanda Bioquímica de Oxígeno (DBO, una forma de nitrógeno, fosfatos y sólidos totales (ST. Por lo tanto su uso no puede ser generalizado ya que se podría terminar realizando juicios subjetivos, además bajo un solo indicador no se puede evaluar la dinámica de un sistema, por lo que es importante también el estudio de cada variable individualmente. Este artículo presenta una revisión de los indicadores ICA e ICO más utilizados en algunos países de América y Europa,asi como su diseño e interpretación, que se basan en parámetros físico-químicos para su evaluación.

“Watching the Detectives” Report of the general assembly of the EU project DETECTIVE Brussels, 24-25 November, 2015

Science.gov (United States)

Fernando, Ruani N.; Chaudhari, Umesh; Escher, Sylvia E.; Hengstler, Jan G.; Hescheler, Jürgen; Jennings, Paul; Keun, Hector C.; Kleinjans, Jos C. S.; Kolde, Raivo; Kollipara, Laxmikanth; Kopp-Schneider, Annette; Limonciel, Alice; Nemade, Harshal; Nguemo, Filomain; Peterson, Hedi; Prieto, Pilar; Rodrigues, Robim M.; Sachinidis, Agapios; Schäfer, Christoph; Sickmann, Albert; Spitkovsky, Dimitry; Stöber, Regina; van Breda, Simone G.J.; van de Water, Bob; Vivier, Manon; Zahedi, René P.

2017-01-01

SEURAT-1 is a joint research initiative between the European Commission and Cosmetics Europe aiming to develop in vitro and in silico based methods to replace the in vivo repeated dose systemic toxicity test used for the assessment of human safety. As one of the building blocks of SEURAT-1, the DETECTIVE project focused on a key element on which in vitro toxicity testing relies: the development of robust and reliable, sensitive and specific in vitro biomarkers and surrogate endpoints that can be used for safety assessments of chronically acting toxicants, relevant for humans. The work conducted by the DETECTIVE consortium partners has established a screening pipeline of functional and “-omics” technologies, including high-content and high-throughput screening platforms, to develop and investigate human biomarkers for repeated dose toxicity in cellular in vitro models. Identification and statistical selection of highly predictive biomarkers in a pathway- and evidence-based approach constitutes a major step in an integrated approach towards the replacement of animal testing in human safety assessment. To discuss the final outcomes and achievements of the consortium, a meeting was organized in Brussels. This meeting brought together data-producing and supporting consortium partners. The presentations focused on the current state of ongoing and concluding projects and the strategies employed to identify new relevant biomarkers of toxicity. The outcomes and deliverables, including the dissemination of results in data-rich “-omics” databases, were discussed as were the future perspectives of the work completed under the DETECTIVE project. Although some projects were still in progress and required continued data analysis, this report summarizes the presentations, discussions and the outcomes of the project. PMID:27129694

Pediatric Toxic Shock Syndrome

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Jennifer Yee

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Audience: This scenario was developed to educate emergency medicine residents on the diagnosis and management of a pediatric patient with toxic shock syndrome. The case is also appropriate for teaching of medical students and advanced practice providers, as well as a review of the principles of crisis resource management, teamwork, and communication. Introduction: Toxic shock syndrome is a low-frequency, high-acuity scenario requiring timely identification and aggressive management. If patients suffering from this condition are managed incorrectly, they may progress into multi-organ dysfunction and potentially death. Toxic shock syndrome has been associated with Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus (Staph. Approximately half of Staph cases are associated with menstruation, which was first described in the 1970s-1980s and was associated with the use of absorbent tampons.1 Group A Streptococcus may cause complications such as necrotizing fasciitis and gangrenous myositis.2 Pediatric patients may present critically ill from toxic shock syndrome. Providers need to perform a thorough history and physical exam to discern the source of infection. Management requires aggressive care with antibiotics and IV fluids. Objectives: By the end of this simulation session, the learner will be able to: 1 Recognize toxic shock syndrome. 2 Review the importance of a thorough physical exam. 3 Discuss management of toxic shock syndrome, including supportive care and the difference in antibiotic choices for streptococcal and staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome. 4 Appropriately disposition a patient suffering from toxic shock syndrome. 5 Communicate effectively with team members and nursing staff during a resuscitation of a critically ill patient. Method: This session was conducted using high-fidelity simulation, followed by a debriefing session and lecture on toxic shock syndrome.

Estimación de parámetros de regresión no lineal mediante colonia de abejas artificiales

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Sergio Gerardo de los Cobos Silva

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo presenta los resultados de la técnica heurística de ABC (Artificial Bee Colony utilizada para estimar los parámetros de modelos de regresión no lineal. El algoritmo fue probado sobre 27 bases de datos de la colección NIST (2001, de las cuales 8 se consideran con un alto grado de dificultad. Se presentan los resultados experimentales.

Caracterización de la resistencia de la subrasante con la información del deflectómetro de impacto

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Carlos Hernando Higuera Sandoval

2011-05-01

Full Text Available El artículo recopila las diferentes metodologías para caracterizar  la  resistencia  de  la  subrasante  y  la capacidad estructural  efectiva de una  estructura de pavimento  con  la  información del deflectómetro de impacto. Este  documento  es  producto del  proyecto de  investigación  titulado  Caracterización  de  laresistencia de  la  subrasante  con  la  información del deflectómetro de impacto, registrado en la Dirección de Investigaciones de la Uptc con el código SGI-759,que  realizó  el  autor  en  la Escuela  de Transporte  y Vías,  Facultad  de  Ingeniería,  de  la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, en el Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo en Infraestructura Vial –Grinfravial–.

CALIBRACIÓN DE LOS PARÁMETROS DE UN MODELO DE HORNO DE ARCO ELÉCTRICO EMPLEANDO SIMULACIÓN Y REDES NEURONALES

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Mauricio Alexánder Álvarez López

Full Text Available El horno de arco eléctrico proporciona un medio relativamente simple para la fusión de metales. Se utiliza en la producción de acero de alta pureza, aluminio, cobre, plomo, entre otros metales. Sin embargo, los hornos de arco son considerados como la carga más nociva para el sistema eléctrico de potencia. Por consiguiente, resulta de gran importancia contar con modelos de horno de arco que permitan determinar con alto grado de aproximación el comportamiento de este tipo de carga, puesto que se podría evaluar su impacto en términos de índices de calidad de energía para el sistema de potencia al cual se conecten. Uno de los principales problemas que surge al utilizar los modelos matemáticos de arco eléctrico consiste en la calibración de los parámetros que describen la dinámica del modelo. En este documento se muestra un procedimiento para calibrar todos los parámetros de un modelo de horno de arco eléctrico de corriente alterna, dadas mediciones reales de tensiones y corrientes. Se utiliza una red neuronal multicapa como emulador del modelo del horno. La red neuronal se entrena empleando datos de simulación obtenidos del modelo del horno implementado en el entorno Matlab®-Simulink®. Una vez entrenada la red, los parámetros de interés se obtienen resolviendo un problema inverso. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un error máximo de 4,1 % en el valor eficaz de las corrientes del arco eléctrico.

Conformação de úbere de caprinos da raça Saanen: parâmetros estéticos ou funcionais?

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D. S. Santos

2015-10-01

Full Text Available RESUMODiversos fatores predisponentes são descritos para as afecções mamárias ou distúrbios secundários que comprometem a qualidade e produtividade de leite de fêmeas nas diferentes espécies. As características fenotípicas do úbere são consideradas na avaliação econômica de uma fêmea caprina, tanto pelo potencial de produção como pelo registro genealógico dessa fêmea. A limitação de estudos correlacionando essas características com a saúde do úbere gera a dúvida a respeito do significado da conformação do mesmo à saúde e produtividade da glândula mamária. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo relacionar os parâmetros da conformação do úbere com a celularidade da glândula mamária aferida pelo teste California Mastitis Test (CMT e contagem de células somáticas (CCS em 80 cabras da raça Saanen sem alterações no exame clínico da glândula mamária nem no teste de Tamis. Observou-se que a maioria dos parâmetros fenotípicos de úbere não influenciou a CCS, sendo considerados puramente estéticos. A circunferência e profundidade de úbere demonstraram correlação negativa com a celularidade e, por serem características de herdabilidade moderada a alta, podem ser parâmetros considerados para seleção genética de caprinos.

Some scientific landmarks of the MIT radium toxicity studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maletskos, C.J.

1996-01-01

Until the recent forced termination of the studies on radium toxicity, more than six decades of investigation and research have been devoted to them. These studies involve ∼2400 subjects who were exposed to long-term internally deposited radium [high linear energy transfer (LET)], whose health status was evaluated in great detail and whose radiation dosimetry was based on measurements of their actual radium body burdens. The quality and usefulness of these studies are, therefore, in sharp contrast to other human radiation-exposure studies that involve instantaneous or somewhat protracted external low-LET exposures and inferred radiation dose, as in the atomic-bomb survivor studies. As a consequence of national news in 1932 concerning the gruesome death of a prominent Pittsburgh businessman and sportsman, Robley D. Evans became involved with radium toxicity, and its study became an important project when he joined the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology physics department and set up the interdisciplinary Radioactivity Center

Mensuração da evolução terapêutica com paquímetro digital na Paralisia Facial Periférica de Bell

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Hosana da Maceno Salvador

2013-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar o uso do paquímetro digital na mensuração dos movimentos da mímica facial em diferentes momentos do tratamento fonoaudiológico. MÉTODO: estudo longitudinal prospectivo, em 20 sujeitos com idade entre 07 e 70 anos, sendo 13 do genero feminino e 07 masculino, com diagnóstico de paralisia facial periférica de Bell, atendidos no Ambulatório de Paralisia Facial, da disciplina de otorrinolaringologia de um Hospital Público Universitário. Neste estudo foi adotado o uso de um medidor paquímetro digital da marca Digimess 100.174BL, instrumento com resolução de 0,00mm/152,78mm. As medições foram realizadas no movimento da mímica facial, sempre partindo de um ponto fixo para o ponto móvel nas estruturas: tragus e comissura labial, canto externo do olho e comissura labial e também canto interno do olho e asa do nariz, sendo realizadas pré e pós tratamento fonoaudiológico. A quantificação da incompetência do movimento foi mensurada por meio de porcentagem simples. Foi aplicado teste dos Postos Sinalizados de Wilcoxon, para verificar possíveis diferenças entre ambos os momentos considerados (com e sem movimentos, como as variáveis de interesse. RESULTADOS: as mensurações tiveram um resultado estatisticamente significante (p<0,05 em todas as estruturas medidas propostas (tragus e comissura labial, canto externo do olho e comissura labial e canto interno do olho e asa do nariz, demonstrando que há possibilidades de se fazer medições de movimento e de ausência de movimento utilizando o paquímetro digital. CONCLUSÃO: o paquímetro mostrou ser um instrumento útil que permitiu comparar, de forma objetiva, a evolução da reabilitação da mímica facial na Paralisia Facial Periférica de Bell na amostra estudada.

Utilização da medida do clorofilômetro no manejo da adubação nitrogenada em plantas de pimentão

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Godoy L. J. G.

2003-01-01

Full Text Available O adequado manejo da adubação nitrogenada ao longo do ciclo da cultura do pimentão é complicado pela falta de um índice do N disponível no solo e por ser a análise química de folhas um método de diagnose demorado. Foi realizado um experimento em vasos, em um túnel de plástico pertencente ao Departamento de Recursos Naturais/Ciência do Solo, da FCA/UNESP, Botucatu (SP, com o objetivo de avaliar o índice de suficiência de nitrogênio (ISN, calculado com base nas medidas do clorofilômetro, como ferramenta auxiliar no manejo da adubação nitrogenada em plantas de pimentão. O experimento foi composto de doses de N (4,9; 9,8; 14,7; 19,6; e 24,5 g de N 50 kg-1 de solo - uma planta aplicadas de modo convencional ou pela fertirrigação e um tratamento em que as plantas não receberam apenas a adubação nitrogenada, com sete repetições. As medidas do clorofilômetro foram realizadas a cada 15 dias em cinco folhas recém-maduras por planta. O ISN foi calculado pela relação entre a média das medidas do clorofilômetro nas plantas dos tratamentos (MCT e a média das medidas do clorofilômetro nas plantas que receberam a maior dose (MCR, na área de referência (ISN = MCT/MCR x 100. O ISN pode ser um bom indicador do momento de aplicação do adubo nitrogenado e auxiliar no ajuste da dose de N de acordo com a exigência das plantas de pimentão, com a finalidade de aumentar a eficiência de utilização do N aplicado.

Metro Vancouver air quality management plan : progress report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2008-10-15

The Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) developed an air quality management plan (AQMP) in 2005 as a means of addressing air quality issues in the region. The plan required progress reports every 2 years as well as a comprehensive review every 5 years. The AQMP established goals to minimize risk to public health from air pollution, improve visibility, and minimize the region's contributions to global climatic change by reducing emissions; implementing local air quality management programs; and enhancing air quality information and public awareness. The AQMP also included a sustainability framework for GVRD's policies and regulations related to regional growth, service delivery and political leadership. Regional strategies for solid waste and liquid waste management were developed in 2008. The sustainability framework has developed 3 priority goals: (1) to reduce diesel particulates by 75 per cent from Metro Vancouver corporate sources by 2012, (2) to be carbon neutral by 2012 excluding solid waste operations, and (3) to reduce regional GHGs by 15 per cent by 2015, and 33 per cent by 2020. Progress updates on regional planning efforts for the AQMP were presented. The report also outlined trends and performance measures used by the GVRD, and discussed changes in air quality issues and priorities that have occurred since the AQMP was adopted in 2005. 1 tab., 8 figs.

Metro Vancouver air quality management plan : progress report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2008-10-01

The Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) developed an air quality management plan (AQMP) in 2005 as a means of addressing air quality issues in the region. The plan required progress reports every 2 years as well as a comprehensive review every 5 years. The AQMP established goals to minimize risk to public health from air pollution, improve visibility, and minimize the region's contributions to global climatic change by reducing emissions; implementing local air quality management programs; and enhancing air quality information and public awareness. The AQMP also included a sustainability framework for GVRD's policies and regulations related to regional growth, service delivery and political leadership. Regional strategies for solid waste and liquid waste management were developed in 2008. The sustainability framework has developed 3 priority goals: (1) to reduce diesel particulates by 75 per cent from Metro Vancouver corporate sources by 2012, (2) to be carbon neutral by 2012 excluding solid waste operations, and (3) to reduce regional GHGs by 15 per cent by 2015, and 33 per cent by 2020. Progress updates on regional planning efforts for the AQMP were presented. The report also outlined trends and performance measures used by the GVRD, and discussed changes in air quality issues and priorities that have occurred since the AQMP was adopted in 2005. 1 tab., 8 figs

Comparative study on toxicity of extracellularly biosynthesized and laboratory synthesized CdTe quantum dots

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Komínková, M.; Milosavljevic, V.; Vítek, Petr; Polanská, H.; Číhalová, K.; Dostálová, S.; Hynstová, V.; Guran, R.; Kopel, P.; Richtera, L.; Masarik, M.; Brtnický, M.; Kynický, J.; Zítka, O.; Adam, V.

2017-01-01

Roč. 241, JAN (2017), s. 193-200 ISSN 0168-1656 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LO1415 Institutional support: RVO:67179843 Keywords : Quantum dots * Biosynthesis * Escherichia coli (E. coli) * CdTe * Toxicity Subject RIV: EI - Biotechnology ; Bionics OBOR OECD: Environmental biotechnology Impact factor: 2.599, year: 2016

Electronic Cigarette Toxicity.

Science.gov (United States)

Payne, J Drew; Michaels, David; Orellana-Barrios, Menfil; Nugent, Kenneth

2017-04-01

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are often advertised as a healthier product when compared with traditional cigarettes. Currently, there are limited data to support this and only a threat of federal regulation from the US Food and Drug Administration. Calls to poison control centers about e-cigarette toxicity, especially in children, and case reports of toxic exposures have increased over the past 3 years. This research letter reports the frequency of hazardous exposures to e-cigarettes and characterizes the reported adverse health effects associated with e-cigarette toxicity.

Evaluation of nano-specific toxicity of zinc oxide, copper oxide, and silver nanoparticles through toxic ratio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Weicheng; Liu, Xiawei; Bao, Shaopan; Xiao, Bangding; Fang, Tao, E-mail: fangt@ihb.ac.cn [Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology (China)

2016-12-15

For safety and environmental risk assessments of nanomaterials (NMs) and to provide essential toxicity data, nano-specific toxicities, or excess toxicities, of ZnO, CuO, and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) (20, 20, and 30 nm, respectively) to Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in short-term (6 h) and long-term (48 h) bioassays were quantified based on a toxic ratio. ZnO NPs exhibited no nano-specific toxicities, reflecting similar toxicities as ZnO bulk particles (BPs) (as well as zinc salt). However, CuO and Ag NPs yielded distinctly nano-specific toxicities when compared with their BPs. According to their nano-specific toxicities, the capability of these NPs in eliciting hazardous effects on humans and the environment was as follows: CuO > Ag > ZnO NPs. Moreover, long-term bioassays were more sensitive to nano-specific toxicity than short-term bioassays. Overall, nano-specific toxicity is a meaningful measurement to evaluate the environmental risk of NPs. The log T{sub e}{sup particle} value is a useful parameter for quantifying NP nano-specific toxicity and enabling comparisons of international toxicological data. Furthermore, this value could be used to determine the environmental risk of NPs.

Diseño de una fuente conmutada y galvanómetro digital para calibración de respuesta angular de sensores de radiación solar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nelson Díaz Spencer

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de determinar el factor de corrección por altura del sol, en los piranómetros - albedómetros empleados en las estaciones actinométricas de Cuba para las mediciones de irradiancia solar, se ha instalado en el Grupo de Óptica Atmosférica de Camagüey un Sistema de Calibración de Respuesta Angular para sensores de radiación solar. Las mediciones realizadas en estas estaciones tributan proveen datos al Servicio de Diagnóstico de Radiación Solar para Cuba. La instalación de este sistema, único de en su tipo en el país, ha sido posible a través de un proyecto de colaboración con el Grupo de Óptica Atmosférica de la Universidad de Valladolid. Para el empleo de este sistema ha sido necesario diseñar y construir tanto, la fuente conmutada de alimentación para la lámpara halógena empleada para las calibraciones, y un galvanómetro digital para registrar los datos generados. El objetivo del presente trabajo es por tanto el diseño, construcción y puesta a punto de funcionamiento de ambos dispositivos. En el caso de la fuente conmutada se estudiaron fuentes con similares prestaciones existentes en el mercado, a partir de la cuales se procedió al diseño electrónico y simulación de los circuitos correspondientes. Finalmente, tanto la fuente conmutada como el galvanómetro digital fueron construidos y actualmente se encuentran en fase de validación. Este último instrumento será replicado para sustituir a sus similares analógicos en el Servicio de Diagnóstico de Radiación Solar para Cuba.

Cyclophosphamide-induced pulmonary toxicity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Siemann, D.W.; Macler, L.; Penney, D.P.

1986-01-01

Unlike radiation effects, pulmonary toxicity following drug treatments may develop soon after exposure. The dose-response relationship between Cyclophosphamide and lung toxicity was investigated using increased breathing frequency assays used successfully for radiation induced injury. The data indicate that release of protein into the alveolus may play a significant role in Cy induced pulmonary toxicity. Although the mechanism responsible for the increased alveolar protein is as yet not identified, the present findings suggest that therapeutic intervention to inhibit protein release may be an approach to protect the lungs from toxic effects. (UK)

TOXICITY BEHAVIORS IN ORGANIZATIONS: STUDY OF RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF TOXIC EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCES SCALE

OpenAIRE

Bektas, Meral; Erkal, Pinar

2016-01-01

In toxic organizations which are mostly destructive instead of being constrictive towards its employees, toxicity behaviors emerge as a result of the formal and informal relationships. Toxicity behaviors are often negatively affect motivation, job satisfaction or performance of the employees in workplace. Basic toxicity behaviors in organizations are: extreme jealousy, biting words, emphasis  superiority emphasis, getting angry, offending employees, strict control, heavy job workload, limited...

Historical Fluxes of Toxic Trace Elements and Associated Implications in the Salton Sea Basin

Science.gov (United States)

Odigie, K. O.; Hardisty, D. S.; Geraci, J. B.; Lyons, T. W.

2017-12-01

The Salton Sea is a polymictic, hypersaline lake that is predominantly sustained by wastewater and agricultural runoff from Mexico and the United States. It is a terminal lake that acts as a net sink for toxicants, which in addition to nutrients and increasing salinity, have dramatically transformed the lake over the past century. However, the impacts of these changes on the cycling and bio-accessibility of toxic elements and compounds and their associated human and environmental health implications are not well understood. This project aims to measure and model the fluxes of toxic elements, including selenium, lead, and mercury, in the lake over temporal and spatial scales by using geochemical data from the analysis of sediment cores, a pervasive salt crust, and the water column. The project also aims to elucidate the bio-accessibility and depositional environments of these elements. Preliminary results highlight two different oxygen concentration regimes in the lake: an increasingly anoxic condition in the bottom of the northern lobe and a seasonally variable oxygen deficiency in the bottom of the southern lobe. The deteriorating conditions at the lake could be exacerbated by a receding shoreline, which has already exposed several square kilometres of lake bed and is expected to continue as future inflows are diverted under the Quantification Settlement Agreement. Continued water conservation by Imperial Valley farmers and the increasing reuse of reclaimed water by Mexico are also expected to contribute to reduced inflows to the lake. Therefore, improved understanding of the cycling of toxic elements and their potential remobilization, including via wind entrainment (dust) associated with lake desiccation, will be valuable in protecting human and environmental health within the Salton Sea basin.

Antimony Toxicity

OpenAIRE

Sundar, Shyam; Chakravarty, Jaya

2010-01-01

Antimony toxicity occurs either due to occupational exposure or during therapy. Occupational exposure may cause respiratory irritation, pneumoconiosis, antimony spots on the skin and gastrointestinal symptoms. In addition antimony trioxide is possibly carcinogenic to humans. Improvements in working conditions have remarkably decreased the incidence of antimony toxicity in the workplace. As a therapeutic, antimony has been mostly used for the treatment of leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis. The...

Inferências pedológicas aplicadas ao perímetro irrigado de Custódia, PE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oliveira Lindomário Barros de

2002-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades e o comportamento de solos aluviais do perímetro irrigado de Custódia, PE, cujo uso agrícola foi interrompido em virtude de problemas de salinidade/sodicidade. Foram realizadas caracterizações morfológica, física, química e mineralógica de três perfis de solos afetados por sais do referido perímetro irrigado. Os solos foram classificados, de acordo com o Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos, como Neossolo Flúvico Ta eutrófico solódico, Neossolo Flúvico Sódico salino e Neossolo Flúvico Sódico típico. A estratificação, típica de solos de natureza aluvial, rege o comportamento físico e químico dos solos estudados no sentido vertical. Apesar da presença de minerais que podem contribuir com o processo de salinização/sodificação, tal contribuição deve ser irrisória quando comparada à das águas de rega de baixa qualidade. A reutilização destes solos com agricultura irrigada deve ser precedida do uso de corretivos e da introdução de um eficiente sistema de drenagem que impeça a ascensão do lençol freático e promova a lixiviação do sódio.

Toxicity evaluation of the effluent of the ammonium diuranate process proceeding from the Uranium Reconversion Cycle (IPEN/CNEN-SP)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Osti, Silvio Cesar de

2001-01-01

This project was developed with the objective to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of the ammonium diuranate proceeding from the process used to obtain uranium hexafluoride (UF 6 ), substance which is necessary to produce fuel used by the IEA-R1-IPEN reactor. Five acute toxicity tests were done with Daphnia similis in which concentration values of EC(I)50;48h, between 0,39% and 0,57% of the effluent were determined, and other five with Danio rerio in which concentration values of EC(I)50;48h, between 0,06% and 0,07% of the effluent were determined. Three chronic toxicity tests with Selenastrum capricornutum were done, having found NOEC values for concentrations below 0,12% of the effluents. To determine the ion fluoride toxicity in the Daphnia similis, five acute toxicity tests were done in which values of EC(I)50;48h, between 263.90 mgL -1 and 292.82 mgL -1 were found. The acute toxicity tests done with D. similis demonstrated that the effluent toxicity persisted during its storage period. The acute toxicity test with D.rerio and chronic ones with S. capricornutum using the effluents after the ionic-replace treatment, which objective is to recover uranium for reuse, demonstrated the effluent toxicity persistency. (author)

Bacteriological and parasitological assessment of currencies obtained in selected markets of Metro Manila

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Glenn Lo Sia Su

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Objective: To assess the bacterial and parasitic contamination of coins and paper bills obtained in selected public markets of Metro Manila. Methods: Money collected from the markets was assessed through culture, microscopy, and biochemical tests. Results: Results showed that the prevalence of bacterial contamination (70.00% was higher than that of parasitic contamination (11.67%. Paper bills were more contaminated with bacteria and parasites compared with coins examined. Money with low denominations had more bacterial and parasitic contamination. Conclusions: Findings indicated that money could be a potential vehicle for the transmission of diseases. There is a need to safeguard oneself from the possible sources of infection that one can get even from money circulating in the market systems.

La estandarización del modelo de programa de mano Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dr. James F. Willis García-Talavera

2002-01-01

Full Text Available La exhaustiva renovación practicada en el diseño del típico programa de mano Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, en las postrimerías de la década de los treinta, rompió definitivamente con los tradicionales conceptos anteriores. Esa estandarización de formatos supuso la instauración definitiva del margen blanco, el predominio de los colores vivos y los contrastes acusados, así como la abundancia de primeros planos de los actores protagonistas entre las figuras representadas. Este artículo analiza dicha transformación a través de diferentes teorías sobre la representatividad, simbolismo, separación, valoración y elocuencia de ese peculiar objeto publicitario.

Rectal toxicity profile after transperineal interstitial permanent prostate brachytherapy: Use of a comprehensive toxicity scoring system and identification of rectal dosimetric toxicity predictors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shah, Jinesh N.; Ennis, Ronald D.

2006-01-01

Purpose: To better understand rectal toxicity after prostate brachytherapy, we employed the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE version 3.0), a comprehensive system with distinct and separately reported gastrointestinal adverse event items (unlike Radiation Therapy Oncology Group morbidity scoring), to evaluate item-specific postimplant rectal toxicities. Methods and Materials: We analyzed 135 patients treated with brachytherapy ± hormonal therapy, using CTCAE v3.0 to score acute/late rectal toxicities (median follow-up, 41 months). Dosimetric parameters were evaluated for ability to predict toxicities. Results: Use of CTCAE yielded a novel rectal toxicity profile consisting of diarrhea, incontinence, urgency, proctitis, pain, spasms, and hemorrhage event rates. No item had a 25 (percent of rectal volume receiving 25% of prescribed prostate dose) ≤ 25% vs. 60% for %V 25 > 25% (p 1 ≤ 40% vs. 44% for %V 1 > 40% (p = 0.007). Conclusions: A comprehensive understanding of item-specific postimplant rectal toxicities was obtained using CTCAE. Rectal %V 25 > 25% and %V 1 > 40% predicted worse late diarrhea and maximum toxicity, respectively

Air toxics emissions from an IGCC process

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mojtahedi, W.; Norrbacka, P. [Enviropower Inc., Espoo (Finland); Hinderson, A. [Vattenfall (Sweden); Rosenberg, R.; Zilliacus, R.; Kurkela, E.; Nieminen, M. [VTT Energy, Espoo (Finland); Hoffren, H. [IVO International Oy, Vantaa (Finland)

1996-12-01

The so-called simplified coal gasification combined cycle process, incorporating air gasification and hot gas cleanup, promises high power generation efficiency in an environmentally acceptable manner. Increasingly more stringent environmental regulations have focused attention on the emissions of not only SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x} but also on the so-called air toxics which include a number of toxic trace elements. As result of recent amendments to the United States Clean Air Act, IGCC emissions of eleven trace elements: antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium - as well as the radionuclides uranium and thorium may be regulated. Similarly, air missions standards in Europe include a limit of 0.05 mg Nm{sup 3} for mercury and cadmium and 1.0 3/Nm{sup 3} for other class I trace elements. A suitable sampling/measuring system has been developed in this project (in cooperation with Imatran Voima Oy, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and Radian Cooperation) which will be used in the pressurized gasification tests. This will enable an accurate measurement of the volatilized trace element species, at high temperature and pressure, which may be found in the vapour phase. Models are being developed that can be used to determine not only the chemical equilibrium composition of gaseous, liquid and solid phases, but also possible interactions of the gaseous species with aerosol particles and surfaces, These should be used to more accurately assess the impact of the toxic trace metals emitted from the simplified IGCC system

Trichothecenes: structure-toxic activity relationships.

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Qinghua; Dohnal, Vlastimil; Kuca, Kamil; Yuan, Zonghui

2013-07-01

Trichothecenes comprise a large family of structurally related toxins mainly produced by fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium. Among trichothecenes, type A and type B are of the most concern due to their broad and highly toxic nature. In order to address structure-activity relationships (SAR) of trichothecenes, relationships between structural features and biological effects of trichothecene mycotoxins in mammalian systems are summarized in this paper. The double bond between C-9-C-10 and the 12,13-epoxide ring are essential structural features for trichothecene toxicity. Removal of these groups results in a complete loss of toxicity. A hydroxyl group at C-3 enhances trichothecene toxicity, while this activity decreases gradually when C-3 is substituted with either hydrogen or an acetoxy group. The presence of a hydroxyl group at C-4 promotes slightly lower toxicity than an acetoxy group at the same position. The toxicity for type B trichothecenes decreases if the substituent at C-4 is changed from acetoxy to hydroxyl or hydrogen at C-4 position. The presence of hydroxyl and hydrogen groups on C-15 decreases the trichothecene toxicity in comparison with an acetoxy group attached to this carbon. Trichothecenes toxicity increases when a macrocyclic ring exists between the C-4 and C-15. At C-8 position, an oxygenated substitution at C-8 is essential for trichothecene toxicity, indicating a decrease in the toxicity if substituent change from isovaleryloxy through hydrogen to the hydroxyl group. The presence of a second epoxy ring at C-7-C-8 reduces the toxicity, whereas epoxidation at C-9-C-10 of some macrocyclic trichothecenes increases the activity. Conjugated trichothecenes could release their toxic precursors after hydrolysis in animals, and present an additional potential risk. The SAR study of trichothecenes should provide some crucial information for a better understanding of trichothecene chemical and biological properties in food contamination.

Software-defined optical network for metro-scale geographically distributed data centers.

Science.gov (United States)

Samadi, Payman; Wen, Ke; Xu, Junjie; Bergman, Keren

2016-05-30

The emergence of cloud computing and big data has rapidly increased the deployment of small and mid-sized data centers. Enterprises and cloud providers require an agile network among these data centers to empower application reliability and flexible scalability. We present a software-defined inter data center network to enable on-demand scale out of data centers on a metro-scale optical network. The architecture consists of a combined space/wavelength switching platform and a Software-Defined Networking (SDN) control plane equipped with a wavelength and routing assignment module. It enables establishing transparent and bandwidth-selective connections from L2/L3 switches, on-demand. The architecture is evaluated in a testbed consisting of 3 data centers, 5-25 km apart. We successfully demonstrated end-to-end bulk data transfer and Virtual Machine (VM) migrations across data centers with less than 100 ms connection setup time and close to full link capacity utilization.

Troubleshooting of signal power supply system for Shanghai metro line 7

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Kaixia; Xiao, Jie

2018-03-01

With the rapid development of Urban Rail Transit Signal Technology, the demand of signal power supply system for signal equipment is higher and higher. The signal intelligent power supply panel is the main component of the urban rail traffic signal power supply system. Whether the intelligent power supply panel working or not is directly related to traffic safety. The maintenance of intelligent signal power supply panel is particularly important. Line 7 of Shanghai Metro adopts PMZG Signal Intelligent Power Supply Panel, which is produced by Beijing Jinyujiaxin Polytron Technologies Inc. Maintenance of power supply system mainly includes routine maintenance and troubleshooting. This article will make clear the routine maintenance contents of PMZG Signal Intelligent Power Supply Panel, and put forward the common fault information and troubleshooting methods of PMZG Signal Intelligent Power Supply Panel. In accordance with the steps of fault handling, the faults can be eliminated in the shortest possible time, and PMZG Signal Intelligent Power Supply Panel can be quickly restored to normal working state.

El profesor reflexivo en la línea 743 de Metro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcelo Ribeiro Silva de Souza

2016-10-01

Full Text Available El presente texto se propone discutir sobre la pertinencia de la perspectiva del profesor crítico-reflexivo en la formación docente y paralelamente señalar las dificultades de su realización en el ejercicio profesional. Desde el punto de vista de su tesitura y fundamentos de base, el texto trae algunos aspectos de la realidad brasileña, sobre todo del campo social y político, donde se considera que los movimientos conservadores, junto con el incremento de una perspectiva neotecnicista en la educación ha dado lugar a la imposibilidad de llevar a cabo una propuesta crítico-reflexiva de la tarea docente. El texto termina con la metáfora de la música Metro, línea 743 del compositor y cantante brasileño Raúl Seixas, que apunta a una sociedad en la que ya no cabe la reflexión ni el pensamiento crítico.

Interactions between toxic chemicals and natural environmental factors--a meta-analysis and case studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Laskowski, Ryszard; Bednarska, Agnieszka J; Kramarz, Paulina E; Loureiro, Susana; Scheil, Volker; Kudłek, Joanna; Holmstrup, Martin

2010-08-15

The paper addresses problems arising from effects of natural environmental factors on toxicity of pollutants to organisms. Most studies on interactions between toxicants and natural factors, including those completed in the EU project NoMiracle (Novel Methods for Integrated Risk Assessment of Cumulative Stressors in Europe) described herein, showed that effects of toxic chemicals on organisms can differ vastly depending purely on external conditions. We compiled data from 61 studies on effects of temperature, moisture and dissolved oxygen on toxicity of a range of chemicals representing pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, plant protection products of bacterial origin and trace metals. In 62.3% cases significant interactions (pnatural factors and chemicals were found, reaching 100% for the effect of dissolved oxygen on toxicity of waterborne chemicals. The meta-analysis of the 61 studies showed that the null hypothesis assuming no interactions between toxic chemicals and natural environmental factors should be rejected at p=2.7 x 10(-82) (truncated product method probability). In a few cases of more complex experimental designs, also second-order interactions were found, indicating that natural factors can modify interactions among chemicals. Such data emphasize the necessity of including information on natural factors and their variation in time and across geographic regions in ecological risk assessment. This can be done only if appropriate ecotoxicological test designs are used, in which test organisms are exposed to toxicants at a range of environmental conditions. We advocate designing such tests for the second-tier ecological risk assessment procedures. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

El coeficiente de Hurst y el parámetro a-estable para el análisis de series financieras. Aplicación al mercado cambiario mexicano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Román Rodríguez Aguilar

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo aborda la utilidad de estimar, previo a cualquier análisis, el parámetro de la distribución -estable y el coe - ficiente de Hurst para una serie financiera en periodos de alta volatilidad. Mediante la estimación del coeficiente de Hurst y el parámetro se busca explorar la violación de dos grandes supuestos en la modelación de series financieras: suponer que las series presentan una distribución normal y que los rendi - mientos sucesivos son independientes; asimismo, se analiza el caso del tipo de cambio Fix peso-dólar en México en el perio - do 1992-2011. Uno de los principales resultados es la identi - ficación de características fractales y colas pesadas en la serie para algunos periodos en magnitudes diferenciadas; dichas diferencias se acentúan en periodos de crisis. Caracterizar la serie mediante estos parámetros a través de un índice permitirá mejorar la toma de decisiones sobre el tipo de análisis que es metodológicamente correcto aplicar en una ventana de tiempo específica, ya sea para valuación de activos o para la gestión de riesgos.

Diámetro del conducto cístico y coledocolitiasis secundaria Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza 2015

OpenAIRE

Oré de la Cruz, Ronald Arnaldo

2015-01-01

Introducción: en pacientes con sospecha de colédocolitiasis secundaria entre otras opciones se puede plantear la realización de colangiografía intraoperatoria transcístico para hacer el diagnóstico. Algunos cirujanos optan por no hacer efectivo este procedimiento si consideran que el conducto cístico no está dilatado Objetivo: Conocer la relación entre el diámetro del conducto cístico y la colédocolitiasis secundaria en los pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente en el hospital nacional Arz...

Assessing the toxic effects of ethylene glycol ethers using Quantitative Structure Toxicity Relationship models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ruiz, Patricia; Mumtaz, Moiz; Gombar, Vijay

2011-01-01

Experimental determination of toxicity profiles consumes a great deal of time, money, and other resources. Consequently, businesses, societies, and regulators strive for reliable alternatives such as Quantitative Structure Toxicity Relationship (QSTR) models to fill gaps in toxicity profiles of compounds of concern to human health. The use of glycol ethers and their health effects have recently attracted the attention of international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO). The board members of Concise International Chemical Assessment Documents (CICAD) recently identified inadequate testing as well as gaps in toxicity profiles of ethylene glycol mono-n-alkyl ethers (EGEs). The CICAD board requested the ATSDR Computational Toxicology and Methods Development Laboratory to conduct QSTR assessments of certain specific toxicity endpoints for these chemicals. In order to evaluate the potential health effects of EGEs, CICAD proposed a critical QSTR analysis of the mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and developmental effects of EGEs and other selected chemicals. We report here results of the application of QSTRs to assess rodent carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and developmental toxicity of four EGEs: 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-propoxyethanol, and 2-butoxyethanol and their metabolites. Neither mutagenicity nor carcinogenicity is indicated for the parent compounds, but these compounds are predicted to be developmental toxicants. The predicted toxicity effects were subjected to reverse QSTR (rQSTR) analysis to identify structural attributes that may be the main drivers of the developmental toxicity potential of these compounds.

ESTUDO DE PARÂMETROS MORFOMÉTRICOS DA SUB-BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO JACARECICA (SE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alex de Sousa Lima

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Dentre as diversas formas de se estudar as bacias hidrográficas uma delas é através dos parâmetros morfométricos, pois dão o suporte ao entendimento de processos dinâmicos atuantes no relevo. Este trabalho visou estudar a morfometria da sub-bacia do rio Jacarecica, Sergipe, Brasil. A base de dados utilizada foi a do Atlas Digital sobre Recursos Hídricos de Sergipe (SEPLAN/SRH, 2004, corrigida. As características morfométricas de área foram obtidas através do software Spring 4.3, enquanto que as outras se deram por meio de equações. A área da drenagem encontrada foi de 503,76 km², extensão de 59 km e orientação NW-SE. A partir dos dados constatou-se que a sub-bacia apresenta-se alongada, apesar de o Índice de Circularidade (Ic apontar para um arredondamento. É sinuoso com drenagem baixa e sua densidade hidrográfica é diretamente afetada pelas Serras Residuais (quartzito. Observou-se que na área a montante das serras há uma deficiência de umidade o que influi na ocupação e utilização do espaço agrário local. Fato que faz com que haja na sub-bacia dois comportamentos diferenciados quanto à distribuição de umidade, controlado pelo fator orográfico. Palavras-chave: Morfometria; Bacia Hidrográfica; Geologia; Geomorfologia.   STUDY OF MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF THE SUB-BASIN OF THE RIVER JACARECICA (SE   ABSTRACT Among the various forms of studying watersheds of them is through the morphometric parameters because they give support to the understanding of active dynamic processes in relief. This work aimed to study the morphology of the sub-basin of the river Jacarecica, Sergipe, Brazil. The database used was the Digital Atlas of Sergipe on Water Resources (SEPLAN / SRH, 2004, corrected. The morphological characteristics of the area were obtained Spring 4.3 software, while the other is given by equations. The drainage area found was 503.76 square kilometers, extending 59 km and NW-SE orientation. From the data it

Oxygen toxicity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C. A. van der Westhuizen

1990-07-01

Full Text Available Oxygen has been discovered about 200 years ago. Since then the vital physiological involvement of oxygen in various biologi­cal processes, mainly energy production, has been established. However, in the body molecular oxygen can be converted to toxic oxygen metabolites such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, the hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen. These toxic metabolites are produced mainly in the mitochondria, plasma membranes and endoplasmic reticulum.

Yellow phosphorus process to convert toxic chemicals to non-toxic products

Science.gov (United States)

Chang, S.G.

1994-07-26

The present invention relates to a process for generating reactive species for destroying toxic chemicals. This process first contacts air or oxygen with aqueous emulsions of molten yellow phosphorus. This contact results in rapid production of abundant reactive species such as O, O[sub 3], PO, PO[sub 2], etc. A gaseous or liquid aqueous solution organic or inorganic chemicals is next contacted by these reactive species to reduce the concentration of toxic chemical and result in a non-toxic product. The final oxidation product of yellow phosphorus is phosphoric acid of a quality which can be recovered for commercial use. A process is developed such that the byproduct, phosphoric acid, is obtained without contamination of toxic species in liquids treated. A gas stream containing ozone without contamination of phosphorus containing species is also obtained in a simple and cost-effective manner. This process is demonstrated to be effective for destroying many types of toxic organic, or inorganic, compounds, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), aromatic chlorides, amines, alcohols, acids, nitro aromatics, aliphatic chlorides, polynuclear aromatic compounds (PAH), dyes, pesticides, sulfides, hydroxyamines, ureas, dithionates and the like. 20 figs.

PARÁMETROS HEMATOLÓGICOS EN POLLUELOS DE PSITÁCIDOS EN CAUTIVERIO DE ORIGEN SILVESTRE

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J. A. Herrera

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los parámetros hematológicos en 69 polluelos en cautiverio de origen silvestre, clínicamente sanos, menores de tres meses de edad, en cuatro especies de psitácidos: Pionus senilis (n = 18, Amazona albifrons (n = 15, Amazona autumnalis (n = 25 y Amazona oratrix (n = 11, procedentes de la región central de México. Para determinar dichos parámetros, de cada ejemplar se obtuvieron 500 μl de sangre por punción de la vena braquial. En las cuatro especies citadas, el porcentaje del hematocrito fue de 56,4 ± 3,36; 51 ± 6,52; 47,6 ± 6,47 y 53,8 ± 9,26; el VCM en fl fue de 184,6 ± 13,4; 142,0 ± 25,4; 106,3 ± 11,7 y 162,3 ± 71,9; la cuenta eritrocítica fue de 4,7 ± 2,1 x10 6 /μl; 6,1 ± 8,2 x10 6 /μl; 6,9 ± 1,2 x10 6 /μl y 5,4 ± 1,1 x10 6 /μl; y la cuenta leucocitaria de 3,06 ± 0,15 x10 3 /μl; 3,62 ± 0,24 x10 3 /μl; 4,48 ± 0,36 x10 3 /μl y 3,56 ± 0,71 x10 3 /μl respectivamente para P. senilis , A. albifrons , A. autumnalis y A. oratrix . Se constató tendencia a la heterofilia en A. albifrons y A. oratrix , lo cual puede ser de gran utilidad para un diagnóstico cada vez más preciso en la clínica de aves en cautiverio.

Prediction of human population responses to toxic compounds by a collaborative competition.

Science.gov (United States)

Eduati, Federica; Mangravite, Lara M; Wang, Tao; Tang, Hao; Bare, J Christopher; Huang, Ruili; Norman, Thea; Kellen, Mike; Menden, Michael P; Yang, Jichen; Zhan, Xiaowei; Zhong, Rui; Xiao, Guanghua; Xia, Menghang; Abdo, Nour; Kosyk, Oksana; Friend, Stephen; Dearry, Allen; Simeonov, Anton; Tice, Raymond R; Rusyn, Ivan; Wright, Fred A; Stolovitzky, Gustavo; Xie, Yang; Saez-Rodriguez, Julio

2015-09-01

The ability to computationally predict the effects of toxic compounds on humans could help address the deficiencies of current chemical safety testing. Here, we report the results from a community-based DREAM challenge to predict toxicities of environmental compounds with potential adverse health effects for human populations. We measured the cytotoxicity of 156 compounds in 884 lymphoblastoid cell lines for which genotype and transcriptional data are available as part of the Tox21 1000 Genomes Project. The challenge participants developed algorithms to predict interindividual variability of toxic response from genomic profiles and population-level cytotoxicity data from structural attributes of the compounds. 179 submitted predictions were evaluated against an experimental data set to which participants were blinded. Individual cytotoxicity predictions were better than random, with modest correlations (Pearson's r < 0.28), consistent with complex trait genomic prediction. In contrast, predictions of population-level response to different compounds were higher (r < 0.66). The results highlight the possibility of predicting health risks associated with unknown compounds, although risk estimation accuracy remains suboptimal.

Phylogenetic diversity of bacteria associated with toxic and non-toxic ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Phylogenetic diversity of bacteria associated with toxic and non-toxic strains of Alexandrium minutum. L Palacios, B Reguera, J Franco, I Marín. Abstract. Marine planktonic dinoflagellates are usually associated with bacteria, some of which seem to have a symbiotic relation with the dinoflagellate cells. The role of bacteria in ...

Ejercicios resistidos, parámetros hematológicos, virológicos y perfil antropométrico en personas que viven con VIH/SIDA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I.K. dos Santos

2016-09-01

Conclusiones: Se concluye que al participar en un programa de ejercicios de fuerza, las personas que viven con VIH/ SIDA obtuvieron mejorías en los parámetros hematológicos, virológicos y en su perfil antropométrico.

Validating potential toxicity assays to assess petroleum hydrocarbon toxicity in polar soil.

Science.gov (United States)

Harvey, Alexis Nadine; Snape, Ian; Siciliano, Steven Douglas

2012-02-01

Potential microbial activities are commonly used to assess soil toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) and are assumed to be a surrogate for microbial activity within the soil ecosystem. However, this assumption needs to be evaluated for frozen soil, in which microbial activity is limited by liquid water (θ(liquid)). Influence of θ(liquid) on in situ toxicity was evaluated and compared to the toxicity endpoints of potential microbial activities using soil from an aged diesel fuel spill at Casey Station, East Antarctica. To determine in situ toxicity, gross mineralization and nitrification rates were determined by the stable isotope dilution technique. Petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil (0-8,000 mg kg(-1)), packed at bulk densities of 1.4, 1.7, and 2.0 g cm(-3) to manipulate liquid water content, was incubated at -5°C for one, two, and three months. Although θ(liquid) did not have a significant effect on gross mineralization or nitrification, gross nitrification was sensitive to PHC contamination, with toxicity decreasing over time. In contrast, gross mineralization was not sensitive to PHC contamination. Toxic response of gross nitrification was comparable to potential nitrification activity (PNA) with similar EC25 (effective concentration causing a 25% effect in the test population) values determined by both measurement endpoints (400 mg kg(-1) for gross nitrification compared to 200 mg kg(-1) for PNA), indicating that potential microbial activity assays are good surrogates for in situ toxicity of PHC contamination in polar regions. Copyright © 2011 SETAC.

Peak bone mass density among residents of metro Manila: A preliminary report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lim-Abrahan, M.A.; Guanzon, L.V.; Guzman, A.M. de; Villaruel, C.M.; Santos, F.

1998-01-01

Study Objective: To determine the peak bone mass density among residents of Metro Manila using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Philippine General Hospital, a university based tertiary care hospital, and St. Luke's Medical Center, a private tertiary care center. Subjects: Forty five (45) healthy subjects aged 15-50 years old, all current residents of Metro Manila, were randomly chosen from among hospital companions were included in the study. There were 23 females and 22 males, with 3 to 4 subjects for each age range of 5. Methods: Bone mass density measurements on the lumbar spine and the femur using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DPXL Lunar) were taken. The values were also age-matched and matched with that of a young adult based on programmed Caucasian norm provided by Lunar Co. The values were then scattered against age for each sex. Ten (10) cc of blood was also extracted from the patients, with the 5 cc of blood separated for future studies. Parathormone assay and biochemistry examinations were also done. Patents were also interviewed as to their lifestyle, diet, use of contraceptive pill or hormonal replacement treatment, using a Filipino version of the revised questionnaire on the WHO Study on Osteoporosis. Dietary content was estimated using a previous day food recall. Results: The mean weight and height for females were 59.48±16.34 kg and 153.52±5.09 cm respectively, and for males, 58.14±10.06 kg and 162.52±6.75 cm respectively. The mean bone mass density at the L 2 L 4 level for females was 1.12±0.11 g/cm 2 and 0.91±0.11 g/cm 2 at the femur. The highest BMD in both the lumbar spine femoral neck measurements among females was achieved among those aged 30-35 years of age with the lowest BMD occurring between 15-19 and 45-50 years of age in the lumbar spine among female subjects. The highest BMD at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck among males was achieved between the ages 30-35 years of age with the lowest IND

Predicting Developmental Toxicity of ToxCast Phase I Chemicals Using Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Metabolomics

Science.gov (United States)

EPA’s ToxRefDB contains prenatal guideline study data from rats and rabbits for over 240 chemicals that overlap with the ToxCast in vitro high throughput screening project. A subset of these compounds were tested in Stemina Biomarker Discovery's developmental toxicity platform, a...

Indefinite toxic circles: an art series curated by Nicole Shea

OpenAIRE

Sabraw, John; Scott, Conohar; Barker, Mandy

2017-01-01

Art is at the forefront when it comes to amplifying the discussions surrounding environmental issues. This series by artists John Sabraw, Conohar Scott, and Mandy Barker illuminates the dangers confronting our waters, from leaking pipes to discarded plastics, to the long-term impact of these toxic products on our most delicate and vulnerable ecosystems and sites. Given the recent declarations of climate change and environmental issues to be “fake news,” projects such as these are crucial in r...

Determinación de parámetros físicos aplicables en el escalamiento de la síntesis de zeolita NaA, a partir de geles aluminosilicatos

OpenAIRE

Carmen M. López; Adriana García; Miguel Ríos; Neyla Rondón; Luis García; Johliny Casanova; Kevin Contreras

2016-01-01

Se estudió el efecto de parámetros físicos que influyen en la preparación de la zeolita NaA, a fin de determinar condiciones favorables para realizar el escalamiento de esta síntesis. Partiendo de una mezcla de síntesis con composición fija y cristalización a 80 °C se estudiaron los siguientes parámetros: orden y velocidad de agregado de las soluciones de partida, velocidad y tiempo de agitación de la mezcla de síntesis, agitación durante la cristalización, tiempo de cristalización y reciclo ...

Parámetros y factores asociados a la dilución interna en yacimientos cubanos de níquel y cobalto

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Lázaro Fernández-Martínez

2015-12-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este trabajo fue establecer, en los yacimientos cubanos de níquel y cobalto, los elementos que condicionan e identifican las intercalaciones de baja ley, generadoras de dilución interna, para su posterior separación durante el laboreo minero. La observación y la interpretación de datos geológicos y geoquímicos de pozos y frentes de explotación permitieron diferenciar, según su naturaleza geológica o minera, los distintos elementos que engloban los parámetros y factores vinculados con la dilución interna. Son los parámetros y factores geoquímicos del componente geológico los que mejor caracterizan las intercalaciones a partir de muestras de perforación, mientras que el control de campo es, dentro del componente minero, el que mejor permite identificar (y separar las intercalaciones inmediatamente antes del ingreso de las menas al proceso industrial, en virtud del potencial selectivo de la tecnología minera y de los equipos de arranque actuales.

Datamart para optimizar la gestión de la información del tráfico ferroviario de la Línea 1 del Metro de Lima, 2015

OpenAIRE

Bardales Chávez, César Luis

2016-01-01

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general demostrar que el Datamart mejora la gestión de la información del tráfico ferroviario de la Línea 1 del Metro de Lima en el año 2015. Y el problema general se planteó con la siguiente pregunta: ¿En qué medida el Datamart mejora la gestión de la información del tráfico ferroviario de la Línea 1 del Metro de Lima en el año 2015? El método empleado por la investigación fue el hipotético-deductivo. El diseño fue pre-experiment...

Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms

Science.gov (United States)

Nowell, Lisa H.; Norman, Julia E.; Moran, Patrick W.; Martin, Jeffrey D.; Stone, Wesley W.

2014-01-01

Pesticide mixtures are common in streams with agricultural or urban influence in the watershed. The Pesticide Toxicity Index (PTI) is a screening tool to assess potential aquatic toxicity of complex pesticide mixtures by combining measures of pesticide exposure and acute toxicity in an additive toxic-unit model. The PTI is determined separately for fish, cladocerans, and benthic invertebrates. This study expands the number of pesticides and degradates included in previous editions of the PTI from 124 to 492 pesticides and degradates, and includes two types of PTI for use in different applications, depending on study objectives. The Median-PTI was calculated from median toxicity values for individual pesticides, so is robust to outliers and is appropriate for comparing relative potential toxicity among samples, sites, or pesticides. The Sensitive-PTI uses the 5th percentile of available toxicity values, so is a more sensitive screening-level indicator of potential toxicity. PTI predictions of toxicity in environmental samples were tested using data aggregated from published field studies that measured pesticide concentrations and toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia in ambient stream water. C. dubia survival was reduced to ≤ 50% of controls in 44% of samples with Median-PTI values of 0.1–1, and to 0% in 96% of samples with Median-PTI values > 1. The PTI is a relative, but quantitative, indicator of potential toxicity that can be used to evaluate relationships between pesticide exposure and biological condition.

Construção e Caracterização de um Fotômetro Destinado ao Uso de Aulas Experimentais de Química sobre a Lei de Beer-Lambert

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alex Ferreira Moreira

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento de um fotômetro de baixo custo para aulas experimentais de química, através da medição dos valores de absorbância de determinadas concentrações de substâncias, para a comprovação da lei de Beer-Lambert. A aquisição de sinais do protótipo do fotômetro foi realizada através do uso de um microcontrolador Arduino Uno e o tratamento dos dados é realizado no MS-Excel, através do programa PLX-DAQ que recebe os dados do microcontrolador de forma automática. Os resultados experimentais apresentados demonstram o bom funcionamento do fotômetro construído, em que se utilizam materiais de fácil aquisição no mercado para que possam ser construídos para aulas experimentais, sem a necessidade de utilizar grandes recursos financeiros para a aquisição de equipamentos comerciais.

Toxicity of Single and Mixed Contaminants in Seawater Measured with Acute Toxicity Bioassays

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A.R. Fernandez-Alba

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Different types of organic pollutants commonly detected in seawater have been evaluated by acute toxicity bioassays. Vibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna, and Selenastrum capricornotum were selected to test toxic effects of individual compounds and mixtures of these compounds, obtaining EC50 values in the range of 0.001 to 28.9 mg/l. In the case of mixtures, synergistic toxic responses were seen for a clear majority of the cases (>60%. Mixtures containing methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE exhibit accelerated processes that result in a change in concentration required to produce a toxic effect; for example, in the case of mixtures containing MTBE and Diuron and Dichlofluanid.

Building a developmental toxicity ontology.

Science.gov (United States)

Baker, Nancy; Boobis, Alan; Burgoon, Lyle; Carney, Edward; Currie, Richard; Fritsche, Ellen; Knudsen, Thomas; Laffont, Madeleine; Piersma, Aldert H; Poole, Alan; Schneider, Steffen; Daston, George

2018-04-03

As more information is generated about modes of action for developmental toxicity and more data are generated using high-throughput and high-content technologies, it is becoming necessary to organize that information. This report discussed the need for a systematic representation of knowledge about developmental toxicity (i.e., an ontology) and proposes a method to build one based on knowledge of developmental biology and mode of action/ adverse outcome pathways in developmental toxicity. This report is the result of a consensus working group developing a plan to create an ontology for developmental toxicity that spans multiple levels of biological organization. This report provide a description of some of the challenges in building a developmental toxicity ontology and outlines a proposed methodology to meet those challenges. As the ontology is built on currently available web-based resources, a review of these resources is provided. Case studies on one of the most well-understood morphogens and developmental toxicants, retinoic acid, are presented as examples of how such an ontology might be developed. This report outlines an approach to construct a developmental toxicity ontology. Such an ontology will facilitate computer-based prediction of substances likely to induce human developmental toxicity. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Mechanisms of Phosphine Toxicity

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Nisa S. Nath

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Fumigation with phosphine gas is by far the most widely used treatment for the protection of stored grain against insect pests. The development of high-level resistance in insects now threatens its continued use. As there is no suitable chemical to replace phosphine, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of phosphine toxicity to increase the effectiveness of resistance management. Because phosphine is such a simple molecule (PH3, the chemistry of phosphorus is central to its toxicity. The elements above and below phosphorus in the periodic table are nitrogen (N and arsenic (As, which also produce toxic hydrides, namely, NH3 and AsH3. The three hydrides cause related symptoms and similar changes to cellular and organismal physiology, including disruption of the sympathetic nervous system, suppressed energy metabolism and toxic changes to the redox state of the cell. We propose that these three effects are interdependent contributors to phosphine toxicity.

77 FR 6801 - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; Agency Forms Undergoing Paperwork Reduction Act...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-02-09

... Individuals Displaced by the Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (Pilot Project)--New--Agency for Toxic Substances and... credible research, of air quality conditions present in FEMA housing units to guide FEMA policy makers and... of the health effects among resident children. Formaldehyde testing conducted and evaluated by the...

Diámetro biparietal en fetos a término en varias razas de perros

OpenAIRE

Cahua U, Jacqueline; Quispe M, Lizeth

2016-01-01

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo la determinación de la medición ecográfica cuantitativa del diámetro biparietal de fetos a término en perras. Se trabajó con 181 informes ecográficos de varias razas de perras en gestación cuyos fetos tenían menos de 210 latidos por minuto, y que fueron examinados en el consultorio de ecografía de la Clínica de Animales Menores de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú, entre los años 2000-2014. The pr...

Hazardous materials in aquatic environments of the Mississippi River Basin. Quarterly project status report, 1 April--30 June 1994

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1994-08-01

This report contains a cluster of twenty separate project reports concerning the fate, environmental transport, and toxicity of hazardous wastes in the Mississippi River Basin. Some of topics investigated involve: biological uptake and metabolism; heavy metal immobilization; biological indicators; toxicity; and mathematical models.

Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (TEST)

Science.gov (United States)

The Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (TEST) was developed to allow users to easily estimate the toxicity of chemicals using Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSARs) methodologies. QSARs are mathematical models used to predict measures of toxicity from the physical c...

Distributed Structure Searchable Toxicity

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — The Distributed Structure Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) online resource provides high quality chemical structures and annotations in association with toxicity data....

Variación de parámetros de calidad del grano y aceite de girasol almacenado a diferentes humedades relativas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Motta, A.

1991-10-01

Full Text Available Commercial samples of sunflower were exposed to different relative humidities (75%, 80%, 84%, 92% and 98% for two months. In addition to the kinetic rehydratation in standard and treated samples, the following parameters were measured: humidity, fat content, germinative power, acidity index, iodine number and fatty acids composition. Fatty acids composition, iodine number and fat content, did not change significantly. Only the acidity index and the germinative power were an index of the damage.

Muestras comerciales de girasol fueron sometidas a distintas humedades relativas ambiente (75%, 80%, 84%, 92% y 98% durante dos meses. Además de la rehidratación cinética, en las muestras testigos y tratadas, se midieron los siguientes parámetros: humedad, riqueza grasa, poder germinativo, índice de acidez, índice de iodo y composición en ácidos grasos. La composición en ácidos grasos, el índice de iodo y la riqueza grasa no sufrieron variaciones significativas. Los parámetros más sensibles que pusieron en evidencia el deterioro fueron el índice de acidez y el poder germinativo.

Executive Order 12898 and Social, Economic, and Sociopolitical Factors Influencing Toxic Release Inventory Facility Location in EPA Region 6: A Multi-Scale Spatial Assessment of Environmental Justice

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, Andrea Lisa

2013-01-01

Toxic Release Inventory facilities are among the many environmental hazards shown to create environmental inequities in the United States. This project examined four factors associated with Toxic Release Inventory, specifically, manufacturing facility location at multiple spatial scales using spatial analysis techniques (i.e., O-ring statistic and…

Influencia de los parámetros de proyección por plasma atmosférico en recubrimientos de YSZ obtenidos a partir de polvos micro y nanoestructurados

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carpio, P.

2014-08-01

Full Text Available In the present work, the influence of atmospheric plasma spray (APS parameters on the deposition of two commercial YSZ feedstocks, one conventional and one nanostrcutured, has been studied. First the study focused on how the variability of the different parameters affects the particle behaviour during spraying. For this purpose, a sensor which enables to measure the particle temperature and velocity inside the plasma was used. Once the spraying parameters influence was known, both powders were deposited by APS onto stainless steel substrates modifying the higher influencing parameters. These coatings have been characterised and the influence of the particle behaviour on the coating microstructure and properties has been analysed. This work concludes the spraying parameters variation affects on the particle velocity and temperature inside the plasma plume and this behaviour influences, in turn but in a different way, on the final coating characteristics when using different powders (micro- and nanostructured.En el presente trabajo se ha estudiado la influencia de cada uno de los parámetros de la proyección térmica por plasma atmosférico (atmospheric plasma spraying, APS en la deposición de dos polvos comerciales de YSZ, uno convencional y otro nanoestructurado. En primer lugar se ha estudiado cómo afecta la variabilidad de los diferentes parámetros en el comportamiento de las partículas durante la proyección. Para tal fin, se ha utilizado un sensor que permite determinar la temperatura y la velocidad de las partículas en el interior del plasma. Una vez conocido cómo influyen los parámetros de proyección se han depositado ambos polvos sobre sustratos de acero inoxidable mediante APS modificando aquellos parámetros con un mayor impacto en el comportamiento de las partículas. Estos recubrimientos han sido caracterizados y se ha analizado la influencia del comportamiento de las partículas durante la proyección en la microestructura y

A system's view of metro and regional optical networks

Science.gov (United States)

Lam, Cedric F.; Way, Winston I.

2009-01-01

Developments in fiber optic communications have been rejuvenated after the glut of the overcapacity at the turn of the century. The boom of video-centric network applications finally resulted in another wave of vast build-outs of broadband access networks such as FTTH, DOCSIS 3.0 and WI-FI systems, which in turn also drove up the bandwidth demands in metro and regional WDM networks. These new developments have rekindled research interests on technologies not only to meet the surging demand, but also to upgrade legacy network infrastructures in an evolutionary manner without disrupting existing services and incurring significant capital penalties. Standard bodies such as IEEE, ITU and OIF have formed task forces to ratify 100Gb/s interface standards. Thanks to the seemingly unlimited bandwidth in single-mode fibers, advances in optical networks has traditionally been fueled by more capable physical components such as more powerful laser, cleaner and wider bandwidth optical amplifier, faster modulator and photo-detectors, etc. In the meanwhile, the mainstream modulation technique for fiber optic communication systems has remained the most rudimentary form of on-off keying (OOK) and direct power detection for a very long period of time because spectral efficiency had never been a concern. This scenario, however, is no longer valid as demand for bandwidth is pushing the limit of current of current WDM technologies. In terms of spectral use, all the 100-GHz ITU grids in the C-band have been populated with 10Gb/s wavelengths in most of the WDM transport networks, and we are exhausting the power and bandwidth offered on existing fiber plant EDFAs. Beyond 10Gb/s, increasing the transmission to 40Gb/s by brute force OOK approach incurs significant penalties due to chromatic and polarization mode dispersion. With conventional modulation schemes, transmission impairments at 40Gb/s speed and above already become such difficult challenges that the efforts to manage these

Development of a male reproductive toxicity assay for evaluating the success of bioremediation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schrock, E.J.; Bantle, J.A.

1995-01-01

The Eglin Air Force Base was contaminated with JP-4 over 10 years ago. The project goal was to develop and evaluate male reproductive toxicity testing procedures and endpoints using the gametes of the South African clawed frog Xenopus laevis with particular emphasis on assessing the toxicity of contaminated soil from Eglin Air Force Base in Florida. Reproductive toxicity tests were done to evaluate several different locations within the original spill area. Specific sites were selected based on their location to the spill site. The site was evaluated before and after remediation. Before remediation, the males were exposed to the JP-4 orally for 73 days, with the contaminant injected into the food source. After remediation, the males were directly exposed to the contaminated soil samples for 60 days. The endpoints measured in both studies were: change in body weight, organ to body weight ratios, sperm counts, number of malformed sperm, and sperm motility. In both the pre and post remediation studies, there were no significant effects on body weight or organ weight data at the p ≤ 0.05 level. However, there were effects seen in sperm count and morphology. The male reproductive toxicity assay under development has given useful information in initially determining the reproductive toxicity of JP-4. Significant effects were seen in both the pre and post remediation direct exposure tests, indicating that the direct exposure route may be the most promising for future testing

Modeling Aquatic Toxicity through Chromatographic Systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Fernández-Pumarega, Alejandro; Amézqueta, Susana; Farré, Sandra; Muñoz-Pascual, Laura; Abraham, Michael H; Fuguet, Elisabet; Rosés, Martí

2017-08-01

Environmental risk assessment requires information about the toxicity of the growing number of chemical products coming from different origins that can contaminate water and become toxicants to aquatic species or other living beings via the trophic chain. Direct toxicity measurements using sensitive aquatic species can be carried out but they may become expensive and ethically questionable. Literature refers to the use of chromatographic measurements that correlate to the toxic effect of a compound over a specific aquatic species as an alternative to get toxicity information. In this work, we have studied the similarity in the response of the toxicity to different species and we have selected eight representative aquatic species (including tadpoles, fish, water fleas, protozoan, and bacteria) with known nonspecific toxicity to chemical substances. Next, we have selected four chromatographic systems offering good perspectives for surrogation of the eight selected aquatic systems, and thus prediction of toxicity from the chromatographic measurement. Then toxicity has been correlated to the chromatographic retention factor. Satisfactory correlation results have been obtained to emulate toxicity in five of the selected aquatic species through some of the chromatographic systems. Other aquatic species with similar characteristics to these five representative ones could also be emulated by using the same chromatographic systems. The final aim of this study is to model chemical products toxicity to aquatic species by means of chromatographic systems to reduce in vivo testing.

Using biodynamic models to reconcile differences between laboratory toxicity tests and field biomonitoring with aquatic insects

Science.gov (United States)

Buchwalter, D.B.; Cain, D.J.; Clements, W.H.; Luoma, S.N.

2007-01-01

Aquatic insects often dominate lotic ecosystems, yet these organisms are under-represented in trace metal toxicity databases. Furthermore, toxicity data for aquatic insects do not appear to reflect their actual sensitivities to metals in nature, because the concentrations required to elicit toxicity in the laboratory are considerably higher than those found to impact insect communities in the field. New approaches are therefore needed to better understand how and why insects are differentially susceptible to metal exposures. Biodynamic modeling is a powerful tool for understanding interspecific differences in trace metal bioaccumulation. Because bioaccumulation alone does not necessarily correlate with toxicity, we combined biokinetic parameters associated with dissolved cadmium exposures with studies of the subcellular compartmentalization of accumulated Cd. This combination of physiological traits allowed us to make predictions of susceptibility differences to dissolved Cd in three aquatic insect taxa: Ephemerella excrucians, Rhithrogena morrisoni, and Rhyacophila sp. We compared these predictions with long-term field monitoring data and toxicity tests with closely related taxa: Ephemerella infrequens, Rhithrogena hageni, and Rhyacophila brunea. Kinetic parameters allowed us to estimate steady-state concentrations, the time required to reach steady state, and the concentrations of Cd projected to be in potentially toxic compartments for different species. Species-specific physiological traits identified using biodynamic models provided a means for better understanding why toxicity assays with insects have failed to provide meaningful estimates for metal concentrations that would be expected to be protective in nature. ?? 2007 American Chemical Society.

PARÁMETROS DE HUMEDAD DE 63 MADERAS LATIFOLIADAS MEXICANAS EN FUNCIÓN DE SU DENSIDAD BÁSICA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. C. Tamarit-Urias

2003-01-01

Full Text Available La madera es un material higroscópico ya que tiene la propiedad de aumentar o disminuir su contenido de humedad en relación directa con los cambios de humedad relativa, es anisotrópica por que sus cambiosdimensionales son diferentes según sea ladirección tangencial, radial o longitudinal. Sus propiedades son afectadas debido a cambios en su contenido de humedad. Conocer y entender los parámetros de humedad es importante en los procesos de secado e impregnación para obtener una materia prima de calidad en la elaboración de productos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar los modelos que interpretan el comportamiento de 63 maderas latifoliadas mexicanas respecto a las correlaciones entre la densidad básica (DB y los parámetros de humedad, siendo estos el punto de saturación de la fibra (PSF, contenido de humedad libre (CHL y máximo contenido de humedad (MCH. En un rango de DB de 1.05 a 0.29 g·cm-3, se encontró que el PSF estimado varía del 13 a 38 %, en tanto que el ajustado tiene un comportamiento logarítmico y varía del 15 a 35 %. El CHL estimado varía del 9 a 243 % y el ajustado presenta un comportamiento exponencial variando del 14 a 238 %. El MCH estimado varía del 29 a 279 % y el ajustado exhibió un comportamiento exponencial variando del 28 a 250 %. Estos mismos parámetros de humedad expresados en l·m-3 presentaron el siguiente comportamiento el PSF estimado varía de 219 a 86 l·m-3, en tanto que el ajustado tiene un comportamiento polinomial de tercer grado y varía de 215 a 96 l·m-3. El CHL estimado varía de 94 a 707 l·m-3 en tanto que el ajustado presenta un comportamiento lineal y varía de 128 a 699 l·m-3. Por su parte el MCH estimado varía del 313 a 810 l·m-3, mientras que el MCH ajustado exhibió un comportamiento lineal con el mismo intervalo de variación.

Exploring the Impact of Toxic Attitudes and a Toxic Environment on the Veterinary Healthcare Team.

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, Irene C; Coe, Jason B; Adams, Cindy L; Conlon, Peter D; Sargeant, Jan M

2015-01-01

The objective of this qualitative study was to compare veterinarians' and Registered Veterinary Technicians' (RVT's) perceptions of the veterinary healthcare team with respect to the impact of toxic attitudes and a toxic environment. Focus group interviews using a semi-structured interview guide and follow up probes were held with four veterinarian groups (23 companion animal veterinarians) and four Registered Veterinary Technician groups (26 RVTs). Thematic analysis of the discussions indicated both veterinarian and RVT participants felt team members with manifestations of toxic attitudes negatively impacted veterinary team function. These manifestations included people being disrespectful, being resistant to change, always wanting to be the "go to person," avoiding conflict, and lacking motivation. When conflict was ignored, or when people with toxic attitudes were not addressed, a toxic environment often resulted. A toxic environment sometimes manifested when "broken communication and tension between staff members" occurred as a result of employees lacking confidence, skills, or knowledge not being managed properly. It also occurred when employees did not feel appreciated, when there was difficulty coping with turnover, and when there were conflicting demands. The presence of people manifesting a toxic attitude was a source of frustration for both veterinarian and RVT participants. Prompt and consistent attention to negative behaviors is recommended to reduce the development of a toxic environment.

Organophosphorus insecticides: Toxic effects and bioanalytical tests for evaluating toxicity during degradation processes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Čolović Mirjana B.

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Organophosphorus insecticides have been the most applied group of insecticides for the last two decades. Their main toxic effects are related to irreversible inactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE. Actually, they covalently bind to serine OH group in the enzyme active site forming phosphorylated enzyme that cannot hydrolyze acetylcholine. Organophosphorus insecticides in the environment undergo the natural degradation pathway including mainly homogeneous and heterogeneous hydrolysis (especially at high pH generating non-inhibiting products. Additionally, thio organophosphates are easily oxidized by naturally present oxidants and UV light, forming more toxic and stable oxons. Thus, oxidative degradation procedures, generally referred as advanced oxidation processes (AOP, have been applied for their efficient removal from contaminated waters. The most applied bioassays to monitor the organophosphate toxicity i.e. the detoxification degree during AOP are Vibrio fischeri and AChE bioassays. Vibrio fischeri toxicity test exploits bioluminescence as the measure of luciferase activity of this marine bacterium, whereas AChE bioassay is based on AChE activity inhibition. Both bioanalytical techniques are rapid (several minutes, simple, sensitive and reproducible. Vibrio fischeri test seems to be a versatile indicator of toxic compounds generated in AOP for organophosphorus insecticides degradation. However, detection of neurotoxic AChE inhibitors, which can be formed in AOP of some organophosphates, requires AChE bioassays. Therefore, AChE toxicity test is more appropriate for monitoring the degradation processes of thio organophosphates, because more toxic oxo organophosphates might be formed and overlooked by Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition. In addition, during organophosphates removal by AOP, compounds with strong genotoxic potential may be formed, which cannot be detected by standard toxicity tests. For this reason, determination of

EFEITOS DO EXTRATO DE Eugenia uniflora SOBRE OS PARÂMETROS HEMATOLÓGICOS E PRESSÃO ARTERIAL DE RATOS HIPERTENSOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Noemia Aparecida Partelli Mariani

2017-01-01

Full Text Available A Eugenia uniflora é uma planta amplamente encontrada no Brasil, utilizada popularmente para tratar diversos distúrbios. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do extrato de suas folhas sobre parâmetros hematológicos e pressão arterial de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR. Os animais foram divididos em grupos controle e tratados com extrato nas doses de 100mg/kg e 200mg/kg. O tratamento foi diário, via gavagem, por 28 dias. O sangue dos animais foi coletado semanalmente, para a contagem global e diferencial de leucócitos e ao final do tratamento, os animais foram anestesiados e foi realizada cateterização da artéria carótida para medida de pressão arterial sistólica, diastólica, média e frequência cardíaca. O extrato não alterou os parâmetros hematológicos e não reduziu a frequência cardíaca dos SHR, porém observou-se uma tendência à redução. Ao passo que, diminuiu a pressão arterial sistólica, diastólica e média, sugerindo um efeito anti-hipertensivo.

Plasma hearth process demonstration project

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Geimer, R.M.; Gillins, R.L.

1995-01-01

The Plasma Hearth Process (PHP) demonstration project is one of the key technology projects in the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Technology Development Mixed Waste Focus Area. The PHP is a high temperature thermal treatment process using a plasma arc torch in a stationary, refractory lined chamber that destroys organics and stabilizes the residuals in a nonleaching, vitrified waste form, greatly improving the disposability of the waste. This paper describes the PHP system and summarizes test results to date, including volume reduction, destruction and removal efficiencies for organic wastes, and emission characteristics. Tests performed so far demonstrate that the PHP adresses DOE mixed waste final waste form requirements and US Environmental Protection Agency Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure requirements

The Effects of Temperature and Hydrostatic Pressure on Metal Toxicity: Insights into Toxicity in the Deep Sea.

Science.gov (United States)

Brown, Alastair; Thatje, Sven; Hauton, Chris

2017-09-05

Mineral prospecting in the deep sea is increasing, promoting concern regarding potential ecotoxicological impacts on deep-sea fauna. Technological difficulties in assessing toxicity in deep-sea species has promoted interest in developing shallow-water ecotoxicological proxy species. However, it is unclear how the low temperature and high hydrostatic pressure prevalent in the deep sea affect toxicity, and whether adaptation to deep-sea environmental conditions moderates any effects of these factors. To address these uncertainties we assessed the effects of temperature and hydrostatic pressure on lethal and sublethal (respiration rate, antioxidant enzyme activity) toxicity in acute (96 h) copper and cadmium exposures, using the shallow-water ecophysiological model organism Palaemon varians. Low temperature reduced toxicity in both metals, but reduced cadmium toxicity significantly more. In contrast, elevated hydrostatic pressure increased copper toxicity, but did not affect cadmium toxicity. The synergistic interaction between copper and cadmium was not affected by low temperature, but high hydrostatic pressure significantly enhanced the synergism. Differential environmental effects on toxicity suggest different mechanisms of action for copper and cadmium, and highlight that mechanistic understanding of toxicity is fundamental to predicting environmental effects on toxicity. Although results infer that sensitivity to toxicants differs across biogeographic ranges, shallow-water species may be suitable ecotoxicological proxies for deep-sea species, dependent on adaptation to habitats with similar environmental variability.

Parâmetros de indenização no acidente do trabalho ou doença ocupacional

OpenAIRE

Tagliari, Rômulo Augusto

2013-01-01

O presente trabalho pretende tratar de parâmetros de indenização decorrentes de acidente do trabalho ou doença ocupacional, abordando principalmente decisões judiciais e doutrina referente ao tema. Para tanto, faz-se uma breve análise do instituto da responsabilidade civil, discorrendo-se quanto aos seus elementos e hipóteses em que é caracterizada de maneira geral. Após, examina-se a infortunística, demonstrando as características do acidente do trabalho, de forma a esclarecer a sua caracter...

Krigagem e inverso do quadrado da distância para interpolação dos parâmetros da equação de chuvas intensas