Modeling, planning and XiO R CMS validation of TBI treatment (extended SSD 400 cm)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Teijeiro, A.; Pereira, L.; Moral, F. del; Vazquez, J.; Lopez Medina, A.; Meal, A.; Andrade Alvarez, B.; Salgado Fernandez, M.; Munoz, V.

2011-01-01

The whole body irradiation (TBI) is a radiotherapy technique previously used a bone marrow transplant and for certain blood diseases, in which a patient is irradiated to extended distance (SSD from 350 to 400). The aim of the TBI is to kill tumor cells in the receiver and prevent rejection of transplanted bone marrow. The dose is prescribed at the midpoint of the abdomen around the navel wing. The most planners not permit the treatment of patients with a much higher SSD to 100 cm, also using the table LUT with spoiler to increase skin dose should be taken into account This requires measurements and checks ad hoc if you use a planner, because modeling is not optimized a priori for an SSD of 400 cm.

NRL SSD Research Achievements: 19902000. Volume 4

Science.gov (United States)

2015-10-30

PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f...The group obtained NRL basic research funding and funds from NASA grants for other activities, and attempted to play a major role in other solar...the Space Test Program (STP). Among the key SSD personnel, in addition to Conway and Mount, were Joel Cardon (then of Computational Physics Inc

Key issues for the development and application of the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) model for ecological risk assessment

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Xu, Fu-Liu; Li, Yi-Long; Wang, Yin

2015-01-01

The species sensitivity distribution (SSD) model is one of the most commonly used methods for ecological risk assessment based on the potentially affected fraction (PAF) of and the combined PAF (msPAF) as quantitative indicators. There are usually four steps for the development of SSD models...... and their applications: (1) obtain the toxicity data of the pollutants; (2) fit the SSD curves; (3) calculate the potentially affected fractions (PAFs) of the individual pollutants for the ecological risk assessment of an individual pollutant; and (4) calculate the accumulated multi-substance potentially affected...... collected from the ecotoxicity database, (3) how to transform the acute toxicity data into chronic data, (4) how to best fit the toxicity data, (5) how to calculate the msPAF of multiple pollutants, and (6) how to determine the uncertainty of the SSD model”. In response to these questions, several...

Organogénesis durante el periodo larval en peces

OpenAIRE

Zavala-Leal, I; Dumas, Silvie; Peña Martínez, Renato

2011-01-01

La presencia de un periodo larval caracteriza a los peces con ontogenia indirecta. Este periodo de desarrollo implica una serie de transformaciones encaminadas a la adquisición de las características biológicas y ecológicas propias de la especie; y en muchos casos culmina con cambios de distribución y hábitos alimenticios. El periodo larval incluye cuatro estadios de desarrollo: larva vitelina, larva pre-flexión, larva flexión y larva post-flexión. Cada estadio de desarrollo presenta caracter...

Impacts of pesticide mixtures in European rivers as predicted by the Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) models and SPEAR bioindication

Science.gov (United States)

Jesenska, Sona; Liess, Mathias; Schäfer, Ralf; Beketov, Mikhail; Blaha, Ludek

2013-04-01

Species sensitivity distribution (SSD) is statistical method broadly used in the ecotoxicological risk assessment of chemicals. Originally it has been used for prospective risk assessment of single substances but nowadays it is becoming more important also in the retrospective risk assessment of mixtures, including the catchment scale. In the present work, SSD predictions (impacts of mixtures consisting of 25 pesticides; data from several catchments in Germany, France and Finland) were compared with SPEAR-pesticides, which a bioindicator index based on biological traits responsive to the effects of pesticides and post-contamination recovery. The results showed statistically significant correlations (Pearson's R, ppesticides (based on field biomonitoring observations). Comparisons of the thresholds established for the SSD and SPEAR approaches (SPEAR-pesticides=45%, i.e. LOEC level, and msPAF = 0.05 for SSD, i.e. HC5) showed that use of chronic toxicity data significantly improved the agreement between the two methods but the SPEAR-pesticides index was still more sensitive. Taken together, the validation study shows good potential of SSD models in predicting the real impacts of micropollutant mixtures on natural communities of aquatic biota.

Development and application of the SSD approach in scientific case studies for ecological risk assessment.

Science.gov (United States)

Del Signore, Anastasia; Hendriks, A Jan; Lenders, H J Rob; Leuven, Rob S E W; Breure, A M

2016-09-01

Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) are used in ecological risk assessment for extrapolation of the results of toxicity tests with single species to a toxicity threshold considered protective of ecosystem structure and functioning. The attention to and importance of the SSD approach has increased in scientific and regulatory communities since the 1990s. Discussion and criticism have been triggered on the concept of the approach as well as its technical aspects (e.g., distribution type, number of toxicity endpoints). Various questions remain unanswered, especially with regard to different endpoints, statistical methods, and protectiveness of threshold levels, for example. In the present literature review (covering the period 2002-2013), case studies are explored in which the SSD approach was applied, as well as how endpoint types, species choice, and data availability affect SSDs. How statistical methods may be used to construct reliable SSDs and whether the lower 5th percentile hazard concentrations (HC5s) from a generic SSD can be protective for a specific local community are also investigated. It is shown that estimated protective concentrations were determined by taxonomic groups rather than the statistical method used to construct the distribution. Based on comparisons between semifield and laboratory-based SSDs, the output from a laboratory SSD was protective of semifield communities in the majority of studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2149-2161. © 2016 SETAC. © 2016 SETAC.

A Compute Capable SSD Architecture for Next-Generation Non-volatile Memories

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

De, Arup [Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)

2014-01-01

Existing storage technologies (e.g., disks and ash) are failing to cope with the processor and main memory speed and are limiting the overall perfor- mance of many large scale I/O or data-intensive applications. Emerging fast byte-addressable non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies, such as phase-change memory (PCM), spin-transfer torque memory (STTM) and memristor are very promising and are approaching DRAM-like performance with lower power con- sumption and higher density as process technology scales. These new memories are narrowing down the performance gap between the storage and the main mem- ory and are putting forward challenging problems on existing SSD architecture, I/O interface (e.g, SATA, PCIe) and software. This dissertation addresses those challenges and presents a novel SSD architecture called XSSD. XSSD o oads com- putation in storage to exploit fast NVMs and reduce the redundant data tra c across the I/O bus. XSSD o ers a exible RPC-based programming framework that developers can use for application development on SSD without dealing with the complication of the underlying architecture and communication management. We have built a prototype of XSSD on the BEE3 FPGA prototyping system. We implement various data-intensive applications and achieve speedup and energy ef- ciency of 1.5-8.9 and 1.7-10.27 respectively. This dissertation also compares XSSD with previous work on intelligent storage and intelligent memory. The existing ecosystem and these new enabling technologies make this system more viable than earlier ones.

EagleTree: Exploring the Design Space of SSD-Based Algorithms

OpenAIRE

Dayan , Niv; Svendsen , Martin Kjaer; Bjorling , Matias; Bonnet , Philippe; Bouganim , Luc

2013-01-01

International audience; Solid State Drives (SSDs) are a moving target for system designers: they are black boxes, their internals are undocumented, and their performance characteristics vary across models. There is no appropriate analytical model and experimenting with commercial SSDs is cumbersome, as it requires a careful experimental methodology to ensure repeatability. Worse, performance results obtained on a given SSD cannot be generalized. Overall, it is impossible to explore how a give...

SSD for R: A Comprehensive Statistical Package to Analyze Single-System Data

Science.gov (United States)

Auerbach, Charles; Schudrich, Wendy Zeitlin

2013-01-01

The need for statistical analysis in single-subject designs presents a challenge, as analytical methods that are applied to group comparison studies are often not appropriate in single-subject research. "SSD for R" is a robust set of statistical functions with wide applicability to single-subject research. It is a comprehensive package…

Performance and experience of DRP-SSD-fifteen year experience

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Odedra, P.G.

2002-01-01

Radiotherapy plays a major role in the treatment of cancer and in developing countries like India, telecobalt units are widely used in rural radiotherapy centers. The measurement of output of these types of telecobalt unit using secondary standard dosimeter is an important duty of medical physicist. There are many sophisticated and costly imported dosimeters like farmer dosimeter and uni dose dosimeter available in the market for the calibration of teletherapy unit. But rural radiotherapy centres can't afford costly imported dosimeters and so output measurements are carried out using cheaper Indian made dosimeters like Control Dynamic Dosimeter (CD- High tech.) or DRP-SSD

A basis for standardized seismic design (SSD) for nuclear power plants/critical facilities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

O'Hara, T.F.; Jacobson, J.P.; Bellini, F.X.

1991-01-01

US Nuclear Power Plants (NPP's) are designed, engineered and constructed to stringent standards. Their seismic adequacy is assured by compliance with regulatory standards and demonstrated by both probabilistic risk assessments (PRAs) and seismic margin studies. However, present seismic siting criteria requires improvement. Proposed changes to siting criteria discussed here will provide a predictable licensing process and a stable regulatory environment. Two recent state-of-the-art studies evaluate the seismic design for all eastern US (EUS) NPP'S: a Lawrence Livermore National Labs study (LLNL, 1989) funded by the NRC and similar research by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI, 1989) supported by the utilities. Both confirm that Appendix A 10CFR Part 100 has not provided consistent seismic design levels for all sites. Standardized Seismic Design (SSD) uses a probabilistic framework to accommodate alternative deterministic interpretations. It uses seismic hazard input from EPRI or LLNL to produce consistent bases for future seismic design. SSD combines deterministic and probabilistic insights to provide a comprehensive approach for determining a future site's acceptable seismic design basis

Uw ziekteperceptie is de mijne niet! : DSM-5 over de Somatische Symptoom Aandoening (SSD)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Drs. Rob Arnoldus

2013-01-01

Worden we met z’n allen steeds gekker? In DSM-5, de nieuwe versie van het handboek van de American Psychiatric Association (APA), maken we kennis met een reeks nieuwe, weinig afgebakende stoornissen. Een daarvan is de Somatische Symptoom Aandoening (SSD). Met dit nieuwe label ligt slodderdiagnostiek

DERECHOS CIVILES Y POLÍTICOS EN EL PERIODO REVOLUCIONARIO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Manuel Valcárcel Torres

2008-01-01

Full Text Available La investigación que origina el presente artículo corresponde al esfuerzo emprendido por varias universidades Colombianas empeñadas en profundizar en algunos aspectos relacionados con la inminente celebración del bicentenario Constitucional Colombiano. Estas universidades son las de Medellín, Manizales, Libre y Militar Nueva Granada. Esta ha concentrado sus esfuerzos en la evolución de los derechos fundamentales a lo largo de la historia constitucional contenida en el periodo comprendido entre los años 1.810-2010. Parte del logro de este esfuerzo consiste precisamente en revisar la evolución de los derechos civiles y políticos, para la cual comenzaremos por el periodo revolucionario.

Predicting criteria continuous concentrations of 34 metals or metalloids by use of quantitative ion character-activity relationships–species sensitivity distributions (QICAR–SSD) model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mu, Yunsong; Wu, Fengchang; Chen, Cheng; Liu, Yuedan; Zhao, Xiaoli; Haiqing Liao; Giesy, John P.

2014-01-01

Criteria continuous concentrations (CCCs) are useful for describing chronic exposure to pollutants and setting water quality standards to protect aquatic life. However, because of financial, practical, or ethical restrictions on toxicity testing, few data are available to derive CCCs. In this study, CCCs for 34 metals or metalloids were derived using quantitative ion character-activity relationships–species sensitivity distributions (QICAR–SSD) and the final acute-chronic ratio (FACR) method. The results showed that chronic toxic potencies were correlated with several physico-chemical properties among eight species chosen, where the softness index was the most predictive characteristic. Predicted CCCs for most of the metals, except for Lead and Iron, were within a range of 10-fold of values recommended by the U.S. EPA. The QICAR–SSD model was superior to the FACR method for prediction of data-poor metals. This would have significance for predicting toxic potencies and criteria thresholds of more metals or metalloids. - Highlights: • We investigate relationships between σp and log-NOEC in eight species. • The QICAR–SSD model, FACR, and CMC/CCC were used to predict CCCs. • They are as a supplement to screening for toxicities, criteria and standards. - CCCs for 34 metals/metalloids were predicted by use of QICAR–SSD model and FACR method

Determinacion de periodos fundamentales del suelo mediante vibraciones ambientales en el municipio de Humacao, Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

Cintron Aponte, Rommel

La tecnica de Nakamura ha sido utilizada a nivel mundial para determinar periodos fundamentales del suelo. La tecnica consiste en calcular y graficar cocientes espectrales H/V de vibraciones ambientales registradas sobre el suelo. Mediciones de vibraciones ambientales fueron tomadas en 151 lugares dentro del municipio de Humacao, localizado al este de Puerto Rico. Los datos se procesaron utilizando espectros de Fourier y espectros de potencia. La tecnica fue validada al compararla con los resultados de cocientes espectrales H/V de registros de sismos debiles y tambien con una modelacion numerica realizada con datos de un ensayo "downhole". Las graficas de los cocientes espectrales H/V fueron divididas en casos y grupos, los cuales dependen de la facilidad para identificar el periodo fundamental pico y amplitudes en frecuencias menores de 1 Hz, respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos con ambos espectros fueron comparados y se concluye que los mismos se complementan para proveer resultados mas confiables. Se crearon mapas de periodos fundamentales, factores de amplitud, isoperiodos y clasificacion sismica de sitio. Los mapas de isoperiodos fueron realizados en las zonas mas pobladas sobre depositos de suelo. El mapa de periodos fundamentales del suelo mostro buena correlacion con la geologia local. El mapa de clasificacion sismica derivado de periodos de sitio fue comparado con el mapa de clasificacion sismica derivado de barrenos geotecnicos. El mapa de clasificacion obtenido de periodos puede sobreestimar un poco algunas clasificaciones del suelo. Sin embargo, este mapa puede proveer un estimado aproximado de la velocidad de onda de corte promedio del suelo hasta una profundidad de 100 pies (30 metros).

CLIMATERIO Y POSTMENOPAUSIA: ASPECTOS EDUCATIVOS A CONSIDERAR SEGUN LA ETAPA DEL PERIODO

OpenAIRE

ARAYA GUTIERREZ,ALEJANDRA; URRUTIA SOTO,MARIA TERESA; CABIESES VALDES,BALTICA

2006-01-01

El periodo del climaterio es una etapa de transición en la vida de la mujer caracterizada por cambios físicos, psicológicos y sociales. Es una etapa dinámica marcada por la repercusión de los cambios hormonales, principalmente por la paulatina disminución de los estrógenos. La presente revisión bibliográfica describe las características generales del periodo, cambios que ocurren y aspectos a educar en las mujeres durante el climaterio y la postmenopausia, con el propósito de dar una visión ac...

The somatically significant dose, SSD, and analog of the GSD, the genetically significant dose

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beentjes, L.B.; Duijsings, J.H.

1992-01-01

The medical applications of radiation comprise three main fields namely: Diagnostic Radiology, Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine. With the new weighting factors of ICRP (IC91a) the effective dose due to medical applications can be established. I is common to separate the effective dose into the genetic part and the somatic part, SED. In dealing with gonad doses it is important to account for the age of the person at the time of exposure as this will influence the number of children still to be expected from that person. The resulting dose will then be called the genetically significant dose, GSD. In a similar fashion this age factor will be important in considering the chance of tumor induction. The age of patients differs considerably from the average age of the general population. This age difference has to be accounted for if a comparison is to be made with other sources of radiation. This justifies establishing a somatically significant dose, SSD. The reduction of the SED value to a SSD for the medical field due to this phenomenon is .6 for diagnostic radiology, .5 for nuclear medicine and .3 for radiotherapy. Also the extension to more organs at risk, which result in a larger number of weighting factors published by ICRP (IC91a) tends to lower the calculated effective doses. (author)

Simulation of the $\\beta$ setup of the SSD group

CERN Document Server

Barron, Jared

2017-01-01

The objective of this study was to first implement a simulation in GEANT4 of the setup used by the SSD group to conduct measurements of the response of silicon detectors to ionizing radiation. This simulation was then compared to theoretical results on energy deposition in silicon sensors of varying thickness by ionizing radiation, as well as measurements of the energy deposition distribution taken using the apparatus being simulated. Simulation was also used to calibrate the trigger, estimating that a peak trigger signal of 1V corresponds to an energy deposited of 0.744 MeV. It was found that for the most probable value (MPV) of the energy deposition distribution, simulation coincides with theory within 5%, but the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) is underestimated by 15%. Measurements were conducted on a 280$\\mu$m sensor and compared to simulation. The MPV was 10% lower in observation than simulation, and the FWHM was 10-15% higher.

Matching extended-SSD electron beams to multileaf collimated photon beams in the treatment of head and neck cancer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Steel, Jared; Stewart, Allan; Satory, Philip [Auckland Regional Blood and Cancer Service, Auckland City Hospital, 2 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023 (New Zealand)

2009-09-15

Purpose: Matching the penumbra of a 6 MeV electron beam to the penumbra of a 6 MV photon beam is a dose optimization challenge, especially when the electron beam is applied from an extended source-to-surface distance (SSD), as in the case of some head and neck treatments. Traditionally low melting point alloy blocks have been used to define the photon beam shielding over the spinal cord region. However, these are inherently time consuming to construct and employ in the clinical situation. Multileaf collimators (MLCs) provide a fast and reproducible shielding option but generate geometrically nonconformal approximations to the desired beam edge definition. The effects of substituting Cerrobend for the MLC shielding mode in the context of beam matching with extended-SSD electron beams are the subject of this investigation. Methods: Relative dose beam data from a Varian EX 2100 linear accelerator were acquired in a water tank under the 6 MeV electron beam at both standard and extended-SSD and under the 6 MV photon beam defined by Cerrobend and a number of MLC stepping regimes. The effect of increasing the electron beam SSD on the beam penumbra was assessed. MLC stepping was also assessed in terms of the effects on both the mean photon beam penumbra and the intraleaf dose-profile nonuniformity relative to the MLC midleaf. Computational techniques were used to combine the beam data so as to simulate composite relative dosimetry in the water tank, allowing fine control of beam abutment gap variation. Idealized volumetric dosimetry was generated based on the percentage depth-dose data for the beam modes and the abutment geometries involved. Comparison was made between each composite dosimetry dataset and the relevant ideal dosimetry dataset by way of subtraction. Results: Weighted dose-difference volume histograms (DDVHs) were produced, and these, in turn, summed to provide an overall dosimetry score for each abutment and shielding type/angle combination. Increasing the

Matching extended-SSD electron beams to multileaf collimated photon beams in the treatment of head and neck cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Steel, Jared; Stewart, Allan; Satory, Philip

2009-01-01

Purpose: Matching the penumbra of a 6 MeV electron beam to the penumbra of a 6 MV photon beam is a dose optimization challenge, especially when the electron beam is applied from an extended source-to-surface distance (SSD), as in the case of some head and neck treatments. Traditionally low melting point alloy blocks have been used to define the photon beam shielding over the spinal cord region. However, these are inherently time consuming to construct and employ in the clinical situation. Multileaf collimators (MLCs) provide a fast and reproducible shielding option but generate geometrically nonconformal approximations to the desired beam edge definition. The effects of substituting Cerrobend for the MLC shielding mode in the context of beam matching with extended-SSD electron beams are the subject of this investigation. Methods: Relative dose beam data from a Varian EX 2100 linear accelerator were acquired in a water tank under the 6 MeV electron beam at both standard and extended-SSD and under the 6 MV photon beam defined by Cerrobend and a number of MLC stepping regimes. The effect of increasing the electron beam SSD on the beam penumbra was assessed. MLC stepping was also assessed in terms of the effects on both the mean photon beam penumbra and the intraleaf dose-profile nonuniformity relative to the MLC midleaf. Computational techniques were used to combine the beam data so as to simulate composite relative dosimetry in the water tank, allowing fine control of beam abutment gap variation. Idealized volumetric dosimetry was generated based on the percentage depth-dose data for the beam modes and the abutment geometries involved. Comparison was made between each composite dosimetry dataset and the relevant ideal dosimetry dataset by way of subtraction. Results: Weighted dose-difference volume histograms (DDVHs) were produced, and these, in turn, summed to provide an overall dosimetry score for each abutment and shielding type/angle combination. Increasing the

Matching extended-SSD electron beams to multileaf collimated photon beams in the treatment of head and neck cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Steel, Jared; Stewart, Allan; Satory, Philip

2009-09-01

Matching the penumbra of a 6 MeV electron beam to the penumbra of a 6 MV photon beam is a dose optimization challenge, especially when the electron beam is applied from an extended source-to-surface distance (SSD), as in the case of some head and neck treatments. Traditionally low melting point alloy blocks have been used to define the photon beam shielding over the spinal cord region. However, these are inherently time consuming to construct and employ in the clinical situation. Multileaf collimators (MLCs) provide a fast and reproducible shielding option but generate geometrically nonconformal approximations to the desired beam edge definition. The effects of substituting Cerrobend for the MLC shielding mode in the context of beam matching with extended-SSD electron beams are the subject of this investigation. Relative dose beam data from a Varian EX 2100 linear accelerator were acquired in a water tank under the 6 MeV electron beam at both standard and extended-SSD and under the 6 MV photon beam defined by Cerrobend and a number of MLC stepping regimes. The effect of increasing the electron beam SSD on the beam penumbra was assessed. MLC stepping was also assessed in terms of the effects on both the mean photon beam penumbra and the intraleaf dose-profile nonuniformity relative to the MLC midleaf. Computational techniques were used to combine the beam data so as to simulate composite relative dosimetry in the water tank, allowing fine control of beam abutment gap variation. Idealized volumetric dosimetry was generated based on the percentage depth-dose data for the beam modes and the abutment geometries involved. Comparison was made between each composite dosimetry dataset and the relevant ideal dosimetry dataset by way of subtraction. Weighted dose-difference volume histograms (DDVHs) were produced, and these, in turn, summed to provide an overall dosimetry score for each abutment and shielding type/angle combination. Increasing the electron beam SSD increased

21SSD: a new public 21-cm EoR database

Science.gov (United States)

Eames, Evan; Semelin, Benoît

2018-05-01

With current efforts inching closer to detecting the 21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), proper preparation will require publicly available simulated models of the various forms the signal could take. In this work we present a database of such models, available at 21ssd.obspm.fr. The models are created with a fully-coupled radiative hydrodynamic simulation (LICORICE), and are created at high resolution (10243). We also begin to analyse and explore the possible 21-cm EoR signals (with Power Spectra and Pixel Distribution Functions), and study the effects of thermal noise on our ability to recover the signal out to high redshifts. Finally, we begin to explore the concepts of `distance' between different models, which represents a crucial step towards optimising parameter space sampling, training neural networks, and finally extracting parameter values from observations.

The Impact of Theory of Optimal Currency Areas on Discursus of Political Parties ČSSD and ODS about the Entry to the Eurozone Between the Years 2010 - 2012

OpenAIRE

Müller, Lukáš

2012-01-01

This essay is about the theory of optimal currency areas (OCA) and its reflection in public discussion of two biggest political parties in Czech Republic - ODS and ČSSD, about Czech Republic entering the European Monetary Union (EMU). Although EMU hadn't met the criteria of OCA before the examined period, both parties entered the elections in May 2010 with more or less pro-european program despite decreasing support of eurozone in Czech public opinion. While ČSSD only limitedly mentioned the ...

PIB y población desde el periodo tardo colonial hasta 2014: el caso venezolano

OpenAIRE

Giuseppe Bernardo De Corso Sicilia

2018-01-01

El objetivo de este trabajo es múltiple, en primer lugar, propone una serie de población de Venezuela de 1783 a 2015, empleando nuevas estimaciones para el periodo colonial, guerra de independencia e información del censo de 2011, también, se incluye un primer análisis acerca del impacto demográfico de las inmigraciones en el crecimiento de la población en el siglo xx. Por otra parte, se presenta una serie del pib para el periodo 1783-1829. Con la nueva serie de población y del pib se obtiene...

“Mne govorjat, kakaja bednost’ slovarja...” Il protosamizdat del periodo staliniano alla ricerca di un’espressività

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Massimo Maurizio

2015-07-01

Full Text Available L’estetica della letteratura afferente al circuito samizdat dopo il XX congresso del PCUS (1956 è strettamente legata alla produzione non ufficiale del periodo staliniano, a sua volta definitasi secondo una relazione antitetica alla poesia proletaria degli anni Venti. Molte delle figure di rife- rimento di questo periodo hanno attinto il proprio linguaggio e gli strumenti poetici dall'arsenale espressivo e formale del Secolo d’Argento, sebbene differenziadosene notevolmente e adattan- dolo all'estetica che essi perseguivano, intimamente alternativa a quella realsocialista. La com- plessa poetica di autori quali E. Kropivnickij, Jan Satunovskj (come anche, in un periodo succes- sivo, il “discepolo” del primo G Sapgir e molti altri hanno attinto i tratti distintivi della propria produzione dalla rielaborazione dell’arte proletaria della prima metà degli anni Venti alla luce di una visione dissacrante e grottesca della contemporaneità, che emerge in primo luogo dall'aspetto delle loro opere poetiche.

Nanopublication beyond the sciences: the PeriodO period gazetteer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrick Golden

2016-02-01

Full Text Available The information expressed in humanities datasets is inextricably tied to a wider discursive environment that is irreducible to complete formal representation. Humanities scholars must wrestle with this fact when they attempt to publish or consume structured data. The practice of “nanopublication,” which originated in the e-science domain, offers a way to maintain the connection between formal representations of humanities data and its discursive basis. In this paper we describe nanopublication, its potential applicability to the humanities, and our experience curating humanities nanopublications in the PeriodO period gazetteer.

Predicting criteria continuous concentrations of 34 metals or metalloids by use of quantitative ion character-activity relationships-species sensitivity distributions (QICAR-SSD) model.

Science.gov (United States)

Mu, Yunsong; Wu, Fengchang; Chen, Cheng; Liu, Yuedan; Zhao, Xiaoli; Haiqing Liao; Giesy, John P

2014-05-01

Criteria continuous concentrations (CCCs) are useful for describing chronic exposure to pollutants and setting water quality standards to protect aquatic life. However, because of financial, practical, or ethical restrictions on toxicity testing, few data are available to derive CCCs. In this study, CCCs for 34 metals or metalloids were derived using quantitative ion character-activity relationships-species sensitivity distributions (QICAR-SSD) and the final acute-chronic ratio (FACR) method. The results showed that chronic toxic potencies were correlated with several physico-chemical properties among eight species chosen, where the softness index was the most predictive characteristic. Predicted CCCs for most of the metals, except for Lead and Iron, were within a range of 10-fold of values recommended by the U.S. EPA. The QICAR-SSD model was superior to the FACR method for prediction of data-poor metals. This would have significance for predicting toxic potencies and criteria thresholds of more metals or metalloids. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tipos de Tiempo en el periodo de Semana Santa Vallisoletana.

OpenAIRE

Miranda Martín, Javier

2017-01-01

El propósito del proyecto es el análisis y la caracterización de ciertos tipos de tiempo a partir de los datos observados de la Base de Datos Climatológica del Observatorio de Valladolid. Los datos analizados corresponden a los ocho días de Semana Santa de un periodo de 37 años que comprenden entre los años 1981 y 2017. Grado en Geografía y Ordenación del Territorio

Mycobacterium tuberculosis septum site determining protein, Ssd encoded by rv3660c, promotes filamentation and elicits an alternative metabolic and dormancy stress response

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Crew Rebecca

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Proteins that are involved in regulation of cell division and cell cycle progression remain undefined in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In addition, there is a growing appreciation that regulation of cell replication at the point of division is important in establishing a non-replicating persistent state. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to use a systematic approach consisting of consensus-modeling bioinformatics, ultrastructural analysis, and transcriptional mapping to identify septum regulatory proteins that participate in adaptive metabolic responses in M. tuberculosis. Results Septum site determining protein (Ssd, encoded by rv3660c was discovered to be an ortholog of septum site regulating proteins in actinobacteria by bioinformatics analysis. Increased expression of ssd in M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis inhibited septum formation resulting in elongated cells devoid of septa. Transcriptional mapping in M. tuberculosis showed that increased ssd expression elicited a unique response including the dormancy regulon and alternative sigma factors that are thought to play a role in adaptive metabolism. Disruption of rv3660c by transposon insertion negated the unique transcriptional response and led to a reduced bacterial length. Conclusions This study establishes the first connection between a septum regulatory protein and induction of alternative metabolism consisting of alternative sigma factors and the dormancy regulon that is associated with establishing a non-replicating persistent intracellular lifestyle. The identification of a regulatory component involved in cell cycle regulation linked to the dormancy response, whether directly or indirectly, provides a foundation for additional studies and furthers our understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in establishing a non-replicating state and resumption of growth.

Insomnio, latencia al sueño y cantidad de sueño en estudiantes universitarios chilenos durante el periodo de clases y exámenes

OpenAIRE

Samuel Durán Agüero; Giovanni Rosales Soto; Cristóbal Moya Cantillana; Paula García Milla

2017-01-01

Objetivo:Determinar los factores asociados a la cantidad de horas de sueño, somnolenciadiurna e insomnio antes y durante un periodo de clases y exámenes.Material y métodos:Se evaluó a 384 alumnos de ambos sexos (74,1% mujeres), quienesreportaron su peso y estatura. A cada estudiante se le aplicó el Cuestionario de Insomnio y laEscala De Somnolencia de Epworth en el periodo de clases y periodo de exámenes.Resultados:Al comparar la somnolencia diurna, insomnio, latencia al sueño y cantidad deho...

Insomnio, latencia al sueño y cantidad de sueño en estudiantes universitarios chilenos durante el periodo de clases y exámenes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Samuel Durán Agüero

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo:Determinar los factores asociados a la cantidad de horas de sueño, somnolenciadiurna e insomnio antes y durante un periodo de clases y exámenes.Material y métodos:Se evaluó a 384 alumnos de ambos sexos (74,1% mujeres, quienesreportaron su peso y estatura. A cada estudiante se le aplicó el Cuestionario de Insomnio y laEscala De Somnolencia de Epworth en el periodo de clases y periodo de exámenes.Resultados:Al comparar la somnolencia diurna, insomnio, latencia al sueño y cantidad dehoras de sueño entre periodo de clases y exámenes se observó un incremento en la latencia alsueño (p<0,05 durante los exámenes. Al realizar la comparación según estado nutricional seobservó, en el caso de las mujeres, que aquellas que presentan sobrepeso/obesidad tienen unamenor cantidad de horas de sueño en ambos periodos (p<0,05; en hombres, los que presentansobrepeso/obesidad tienen una mayor somnolencia diurna en exámenes (p<0,01. Al realizarla regresión logística tomando como variable dependiente somnolencia diurna, en mujeres seincrementa el riesgo de somnolencia diurna:OR=3,1 (IC95 % 1,1-8,8; en cambio, la ausenciade insomnio es un factor protector para somnolencia diurna:OR=0,06 (IC95 % 0,01-0,35.Conclusión:En periodo de exámenes se incrementa significativamente la latencia al sueño, enespecial en mujeres; en hombres se observa una disminución de las horas de sueño. Finalmente, las mujeres presentan un mayor riesgo de somnolencia diurna; en cambio, la ausencia deinsomnio es un factor protector. Ni el estado nutricional ni el consumo de cafeína se asociaroncon problemas de sueño.

Impacto del reintegro tributario en los estados financieros de una empresa comercializadora de productos avícolas en el periodo 2007- 2009

OpenAIRE

Fernandez Ruíz, Sussann Lizbeth; Vásquez Del Águila, Juan Carlos

2011-01-01

El objetivo fue determinar el impacto del reintegro tributario en los estados financieros de la Empresa Comercializadora de productos avícolas "Don Pollo" de la ciudad de !quitos durante el periodo 2007-2009. La investigación fue documental, retrospectiva y de diseño descriptivo. La población estuvo constituida por el conjunto de estados financieros de la empresa comercializadora de productos avícolas "Don Pollo" y la muestra estuvo conformada por los estados financieros del periodo 2007-2009...

Complexity assessed by the intermed in patients with somatic symptom disorder visiting a specialized outpatient mental health care setting: : A cross sectional study complexity of patients with ssd

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Eck van der Sluijs, J.F.; de Vroege, L.; van Manen, A.S.; Rijnders, C.A.Th.; van der Feltz-Cornelis, C.F.

2017-01-01

Background Somatic symptom disorders (SSD), a new classification in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition is associated with problematic diagnostic procedures and treatment that lead to complex care. In somatic health care, the INTERMED has been used to assess

Optical and plasma smoothing of laser imprinting in targets driven by lasers with SSD bandwidths up to 1 THz

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boehly, T.R.; Goncharov, V.N.; Gotchev, O.; Knauer, J.P.; Meyerhofer, D.D.; Oron, D.; Regan, S.P.; Srebro, Y.; Seka, W.; Shvarts, D.; Skupsky, S.; Smalyuk, V.A.

2001-01-01

The creation of a plasma atmosphere in laser-target interactions increases the distance between the regions of laser absorption and hydrodynamic instability (ablation front), thus allowing thermal smoothing and a reduction of laser-imprinted modulations that reach the unstable ablation region. The total laser imprinting is reduced with pulse shapes that produce a plasma atmosphere more rapidly and by the implementation of temporal beam smoothing. These effects are measured and found to be consistent with models for the hydrodynamics and optical smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD). Imprinting is reduced as the laser bandwidth is increased from 0.2 to 1.0 THz

Elección de fluidos en el periodo perioperatorio del trasplante renal

OpenAIRE

Alejandro Gonzalez-Castro; María Ortiz-Lasa; Yhivian Peñasco; Camilo González; Carmen Blanco; Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Borregan

2017-01-01

El suero salino normal (SSN) ha sido clásicamente el fluido de resucitación elegido en el periodo perioperatorio del trasplante renal frente a aquellas soluciones balanceadas con potasio. Sin embargo, los problemas derivados de la hipercloremia desencadenada por la infusión de SSN han llevado a la realización de estudios que comparaban esta solución con los fluidos equilibrados. Mediante la presente revisión narrativa se deduce que el uso de cristaloides balanceados con contenido de potasio e...

Alterações do desenvolvimento de crianças prematuras nascidas de mães com malária no periodo gestacional

OpenAIRE

Simões, Maria da Conceição Ribeiro

2012-01-01

Objetivo : O estudo buscou avaliar as alterações no desenvolvimento de crianças prematuras nascidas de mães com malária no periodo gestacional, em Porto Velho, Rondônia. O objetivo principal é descrever as alterações encontradas nessas crianças aplicando um teste preditivo para alterações no desenvolvimento e compará-las à um grupo controle de crianças prematuras nascidas de mães que não apresentaram malária no periodo gestacional. Métodos : Por ser um estudo do tipo transvers...

El cine musical clásico en Estados Unidos (1927-1960) y su repercusión en los medios audiovisuales posteriores a este periodo

OpenAIRE

Andrés Bailón, Sergio de

2013-01-01

[ES] Estudio de los estilos musicales y la funcionalidad de los números musicales en el contexto del cine musical americano del periodo comprendido entre 1927 y 1960, así como la repercusión de dichos elementos estilísticos y estructurales en creaciones Estudio de los estilos musicales y la funcionalidad de los números musicales en el contexto del cine musical americano del periodo comprendido entre 1927 y 1960, así como la repercusión de dichos elementos estilísticos y estructurales en creac...

Using NVMe Gen3 PCIe SSD Cards in High-density Servers for High-performance Big Data Transfer Over Multiple Network Channels

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fang, Chin [SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

2015-02-07

This Technical Note describes how the Zettar team came up with a data transfer cluster design that convincingly proved the feasibility of using high-density servers for high-performance Big Data transfers. It then outlines the tests, operations, and observations that address a potential over-heating concern regarding the use of Non-Volatile Memory Host Controller Interface Specification (NVMHCI aka NVM Express or NVMe) Gen 3 PCIe SSD cards in high-density servers. Finally, it points out the possibility of developing a new generation of high-performance Science DMZ data transfer system for the data-intensive research community and commercial enterprises.

Cantidad y calidad de información de riesgos divulgada por las empresas españolas: Un análisis en periodos diferentes del ciclo económico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. David Cabedo Semper

2016-07-01

Full Text Available La obligación de las empresas de informar en los estados financieros de los riesgos a los que se enfrentan ha dado lugar a la aparición de una emergente línea de investigación sobre el grado de divulgación de información sobre riesgos y de su calidad. En este sentido, el presente trabajo analiza la cantidad y la calidad de la información de riesgos para 2 periodos diferentes de ciclo económico: un periodo de bonanza económica (2006 y un periodo de crisis (2011. El estudio se realiza para el caso español utilizando empresas que cotizaban en el mercado continuo durante los años 2006 y 2011. Los resultados evidencian que las empresas presentan un mayor volumen de información sobre riesgos en el periodo de crisis, mientras que este aumento no se corresponde con un mayor grado de calidad de dicha información. Este mayor nivel de información de riesgos se debe a los riesgos financieros, sin detectar aumentos estadísticamente significativos en información de riesgos no financieros.

Estructura administrativa de la Provincia de Bogotá durante el periodo comprendido entre 1832- 1857

OpenAIRE

Restrepo Robledo, Luz Marina

2010-01-01

El estudio de la estructura administrativa de la provincia de Bogotá en el siglo IX es importante por cuanto se muestra por primera vez cuales fueron los primeros entes administrativos que se crearon durante este periodo, fundamentalmente durante la vigencia de la constitución de 1832. El régimen territorial de las provincias se dividió a su vez en cantones y éstos, en distritos parroquiales.

Estereotipos sobre el envejecimiento seg?n el periodo del desarrollo y el g?nero

OpenAIRE

Sandino Forero, Juliana

2016-01-01

Teniendo en cuenta el dr?stico aumento en Colombia y el mundo de la poblaci?n adulta mayor la pir?mide poblacional se ha invertido. Lo que ha generado que cada vez haya m?s adultos mayores y la esperanza de vida sea mayor. Motivo por el cual surge la importancia de conocer diversos aspectos del envejecimiento, entre ellos los estereotipos. Adicionalmente hay muy poca investigaci?n relacionada con los estereotipos sobre el envejecimiento seg?n el g?nero y el periodo de desarrollo. Levy (2009)...

Complicaciones maternas de la cesárea en gestantes a término en periodo expulsivo en un hospital general de Lima, Perú

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javier Puma

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Describir las complicaciones maternas de la cesárea en gestantes a término en periodo expulsivo en un hospital general. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo, tipo serie de casos, realizado en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia entre el 1 de enero de 2011 hasta el 31 diciembre de 2012. Se incluyeron 67 gestantes a término operadas en periodo expulsivo. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de las pacientes, se registraron las características clínicas y las complicaciones maternas. Resultados: En el periodo de estudio se realizaron 4 218 cesáreas, siendo el 1,84% hechas en periodo expulsivo. En general, 59/ 67 (88,1% presentaron algún tipo de complicación. Se observaron 8 casos de hipotonía uterina (11,9% y 2 (2,9% de atonía. En 5 (7,4% pacientes ocurrieron desgarros de segmento adyacente a la histerotomía, siendo 2 de ellos asociados a compromiso de cuerpo uterino y vagina, y 4 (5,9% casos a laceración de arteria uterina, uno fue bilateral. No se produjeron lesiones en tracto urinario ni digestivo y tampoco hubo necesidad de reintervención quirúrgica. Cuatro pacientes presentaron hemorragia puerperal, dos asociados a hipotonía uterina post cesárea. En 56 (83,5% casos ocurrió anemia post operatoria. Hubo 1 (1,5% caso de endometritis, 3 (4,5% infecciones de herida operatoria. Conclusiones: La cesárea realizada en período expulsivo ocasiona complicaciones frecuentes, algunas muy severas.

Empleo y salarios en argentina en el periodo de la Post-Convertibilidad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nilson Javier Ibagón Martín

2015-03-01

Full Text Available El Articulo analiza los procesos de precarización laboral que se han dado en Argentina a la largo de los últimos 25 años, haciendo  especial énfasis en el llamado periodo de “post-convertibilidad” o “dólar alto”. En este sentido, se estudia para dicho periodo, la existencia de una serie de continuidades económicas y sociales  heredadas de la década del noventa, las cuales, ponen de manifiesto una serie de estrategias y políticas empleadas por parte de los sectores económicos dominantes, que les han permitido en buena parte, por un lado, transferir a las trabajadores los costos de las crisis económicas, y por otro, frenar el acceso de estos últimos a una             redistribución de la riqueza en tiempos de bonanza y crecimiento.Palabras clave: Empleo; Salarios bajos; Política Monetaria; Desindustrialización; Política Industrial. Employment and wages in argentina in the period of Post-ConvertibilityAbstract Article analyzes the processes of labor precariousness that have occurred in Argentina during the last 25 years, with particular emphasis in the period of “post-convertibility” or “high dollar”. In this direction, the existence of a number of inherited continuities of the nineties is studied. These legacies reveal a series of strategies and policies used by the dominant economic sectors, that have allowed them, on the one hand, transfer the costs of the economic crisis on workers, and secondly, curb the access of this group to a redistribution of wealth in good times and growth.Keywords: Employment; Low Wage; Monetary Policy; Deindustrialization; Industrial Policy.

Las juntas directivas en la capitalización de empresas en Colombia para el periodo 1956-1973

OpenAIRE

Castellanos Cabrera, Germán Andrés

2015-01-01

El presente documento realiza una descripción de como estaban estructuradas las juntas directivas de las principales empresas del país para el periodo de 1956 a 1957. De manera simultánea, se lleva a cabo un cuidadoso análisis, junto con un ejercicio comparativo, de si estas estructuras estaban en acorde a lo que sugiere la literatura acerca de la Gobernanza Corporativa.

Indagine su un primo cittadino al di sopra di ogni sospetto. Renato Accorinti performer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katia Trifiro'

2014-05-01

Lo studio, condotto all’insegna dei Performance Studies di impostazione schechneriana, si propone di interpretare, attraverso l’analisi dei comportamenti di Accorinti performer, alcuni dispositivi tipici delle forze antagoniste nel momento in cui, in tempi recenti, hanno assunto o assumono posizioni di potere.

¿ES ÚTIL EL ANÁLISIS TÉCNICO EN PERIODOS DE CRISIS FINANCIERA? Evidencia para el mercado bursátil latinoamericano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christian Espinosa

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo investigamos si los instrumentos de análisis técnico son útiles en periodos de crisis financieras. Considerando cuatro de los principales índices latinoamericanos —Bovespa (Brasil, IGBLV (Perú, IPC (México e IPSA (Chile— no encontramos Considerando cuatro de los principales índices latinoamericanos —Bovespa (Brasil, IGBLV (Perú, IPC (México e IPSA (Chile— no encontramos evidencia a favor del uso de análisis técnico en periodos de crisis financiera. Las técnicas que otorgan rentabilidades más altas no son las mismas que reportan rendimientos más bajos. En general, los instrumentos de mediano plazo son los que reportan un mayor rendimiento, mientras que los de corto plazo reportan un menor rendimiento.

Cambio generacional del consumo de frutas y verduras en México a través de un análisis de edad-periodo-cohorte 1994-2014

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabiola LópezGonzález

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Cuantificar el cambio en el consumo de frutas y verduras en México entre 1994 y 2014, identificar su tendencia en el tiempo y segmentar el grupo de hogares por nivel de consumo, según la edad de la cabeza del hogar, con la intención de comprender la evolución del consumo de frutas y verduras de la población mexicana. Material y métodos: Se utilizaron datos sobre gasto en frutas y verduras, provenientes de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingreso y Gasto en Hogares de 1994 a 2014; se realizó una prueba F sobre el consumo per cápita para identificar si el incremento es significativo y se llevó a cabo la modelación edad-cohorte-periodo de esta misma variable para anticipar cambios a largo plazo. Resultados: Los hábitos de compra de frutas y verduras entre 1994 y 2014 reflejan un incremento en el consumo de estos alimentos de 60 gramos (30.3% en el periodo de observación. Se encontraron efectos edad-cohorte-periodo y una relación positiva entre el consumo de frutas y verduras y la edad. Conclusiones: El consumo de frutas y verduras se incrementó en forma significativa durante el periodo estudiado; se espera que continúe al alza como consecuencia del envejecimiento poblacional. Es necesario aumentar el consumo de estos alimentos en los jóvenes a fin de prevenir el desarrollo de padecimientos crónicos.

Auditoría financiera y tributaria a la empresa Fideos Paraíso, periodo fiscal 2013

OpenAIRE

Cusco Quinde, Ana Jackeline

2014-01-01

El documento consiste en una Auditoría Financiera y Tributaria a la Empresa Fideos Paraíso, periodo fiscal 2013; obteniendo como resultado, luego del análisis, un informe de auditoría con salvedades en la parte contable-financiera y tributaria. The document is a Financial and Tax Audit Company Fideos Paraíso, fiscal year 2013; resulting in, after the analysis, a qualified audit report on the financial and tax accounting part.

Installation of the light tight cover for the SSD modules (the modules are behind the aluminium plate). The silicon sensors are sensitive to light tight, so ambient light will increase the noise and may even damage them.

CERN Multimedia

Nooren, G.

2004-01-01

Installation of the light tight cover for the SSD modules (the modules are behind the aluminium plate). The silicon sensors are sensitive to light tight , so ambient light will increase the noise and may even damage them.

Propuesta de un certificado de defunción para mejorar el registro y reporte de la muerte en el periodo perinatal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Contreras-Lemus Javier

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Analizar la forma en que se registran los nacimientos y la muerte en el periodo perinatal, en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS, y documentar si el registro de la muerte, en este periodo, es adecuado. Material y métodos. Entre enero y marzo de 2000, se aplicó una encuesta en las 37 delegaciones del IMSS, para conocer, del año 1999, el total de nacimientos vivos y muertos, las defunciones ocurridas antes del séptimo día, considerando su edad gestacional y peso al nacimiento. Con estos datos se analizó la mortalidad hebdomadal e infantil y se calcularon las tasas correspondientes, incluyendo o desagregando a los niños con o = 28 semanas de gestación. Antes de la primera semana de vida extrauterina fallecieron 4 556 niños, de los cuales 1 385 (30.4% pesaron http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html

Eficiencia en el sector financiero colombiano en el periodo 1995-2008

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ALEJANDRO RAMÍREZ VIGOYA

2010-01-01

los años 1995 y 2008. La eficiencia se mide a través de los retornos de los factores de producción, en este caso de los préstamos y los salarios sobre los ingresos de los bancos. Como modelo teórico se utilizan funciones Cobb-Douglas y como modelo econométrico se utilizan datos panel. Se analizan los retornos en modelos de efectos fijos, ya que la muestra es toda la población de bancos comerciales en Colombia. Los modelos que se analizan se corren con efectos por año y con efectos por banco. Uno de los resultados interesantes es que el sector bancario en el periodo analizado presenta rendimientos constantes de escala. Se presenta menor eficiencia de todos los bancos en los años siguientes a la recesión de 1999.

SIN TIERRAS NI LETRAS... HISTORIA DE LA EDUCACION MAPUCHE EN EL PERIODO REDUCCIONAL (1880-1930)

OpenAIRE

CANO, DANIEL

2011-01-01

Este es un estudio que analiza históricamente la educación entregada a los mapuches durante los años reduccionales. Dicho periodo ha sido determinado por la historiografía nacional como el tiempo que transcurrió desde la entrega del primer título de merced en 1884 –un año tras el término de la ocupación de la Araucanía- hasta 1929, cuando se concedió el último de aquellos títulos. Nuestro objetivo principal fue conocer con certeza el número total de niños mapuches que asistieron a la escuela ...

Pérdidas laborales ocasionadas por muertes prematuras en España: un análisis para el periodo 2005-2009

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luz María Peña Longobardo

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamentos: El impacto económico que causan las enfermedades va mucho más allá del gasto sanitario, transmitiéndose a la sociedad a través de diferentes dimensiones. El principal objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la evolución de las pérdidas de productividad laboral causadas por muertes prematuras en España durante el periodo 2005-2009. Métodos: Se emplearon varias fuentes estadísticas (Registro de defunciones según la causa de muerte, Encuesta de Población Activa y Encuesta de Estructura Salarial para desarrollar un modelo de simulación basado en el enfoque de capital humano que permitió estimar las pérdidas laborales ocasionadas por muertes prematuras para el periodo analizado. Adicionalmente, se llevaron a cabo dos escenarios alternativos en los que se analizó la influencia de la evolución epidemiológica en los resultados obtenidos. Resultados: El modelo de simulación mostró una caída de las pérdidas laborales asociadas a muertes prematuras que fue desde 8.935 millones de euros en 2005 a 8.073 millones de euros en 2009. El análisis de las causas reducidas de muerte señaló que nueve causas de enfermedad (accidentes de tráfico, tumor maligno de tráquea, suicidios, infarto agudo de miocardio, SIDA, cirrosis, tumor de mama, enfermedades cerebrovasculares y cáncer de colon supusieron el 35,6% del total de Años Potenciales de Vida Laboral Perdidos y 36,6% del total de pérdida estimada. Las pérdidas estimadas representaron el 0,98%, 0,85% y 0,77% del Producto Interior Bruto de 2005, 2007 y 2009, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Las pérdidas laborales ocasionadas por muertes prematuras en España disminuyeron sustancialmente en el periodo analizado. Esta reducción se debió fundamentalmente a la favorable evolución epidemiológica de la mortalidad prematura.

Violencia contra la mujer en feminicidio en el periodo 2009- 2014 por regiones en el Perú

OpenAIRE

Torres Castillo, Rosa María

2017-01-01

La presente investigación “Violencia Contra la Mujer en Feminicidio en el periodo 2009 -2014 por regiones en el Perú” tuvo como objetivo general determinar las diferencias existentes en los casos de violencia contra la mujer en Feminicidio que se han producido en el quinquenio 2009-2014 por regiones en el Perú. La población estuvo conformada por las estadísticas de feminicidios de los años 2009-2014, la muestra censal considero toda la población, en los cuales se han emplead...

Determinantes y perfiles de la participacion laboral en Colombia en el periodo 2002-2013

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nestor Ivan Gonzalez-Quintero

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Para establecer los determinantes de la participación laboral en Colombia, sobre una muestra de individuos con representatividad nacional, así como el aporte de cada uno de estos determinantes a la dinámica de la tasa de participación en el periodo 2002-2013, se estiman modelos tipo probit y se establecen perfiles de participación, a partir de las probabilidades estimadas, condicionadas para cuatro grupos de mujeres y hombres en diferentes rangos de edad. Se concluye que alcanzar niveles de educación superior, contar con un ingreso por pensión y la presencia de menores en el hogar son factores importantes para explicar tal dinámica.

VIDENTE 1.1: a graphical user interface and decision support system for stochastic modelling of water table fluctuations at a single location; includes documentation of the programs KALMAX, KALTFN, SSD and EMERALD and introductions to stochastic modelling; 2nd rev. ed

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bierkens, M.F.P.; Bron, W.A.; Knotters, M.

2002-01-01

A description is given of the program VIDENTE. VIDENTE contains a decision support system to choose between different models for stochastic modelling of water-table depths and a graphical user interface to facilitate operating and running four implemented models: KALMAX, KALTFN, SSD and EMERALD. In

Aproximación a la evolución paleoecológica del periodo Tardiglaciar y Postglaciar del Pirineo Central (Ribagorza y Noguera).

OpenAIRE

Bergadà, M. M.; Fullola, J. M.; Serrat, D.; Montserrat Martí, Josep María; Vilaplana, J. M.

1992-01-01

[ES] Aproximación a la evolución paleoecológica durante el periodo Tardiglariar y postglaciar de dos puntos de Pirineo y la Depresión del Ebro mediante la correlación de depósitos de distin origen: Llauset (depósito lacustre) y Parco (depósito detrítico en cueva).

La forza in comune dei videogiochi. Giuseppe Frazzetto, Molte vite in multiversi. Nuovi media e arte quotidiana, Mimesis Edizioni, 2011

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Federico Giordano

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Giuseppe Frazzetto insegna storia dell’arte contemporanea e discipline afferenti le nuove forme mediali presso l’Accademia di Belle Arti di Catania ed è fra i pochi in Italia ad accostare organicamente all’approccio umanistico nei confronti delle arti contemporanee, quello al videogioco. Questi interessi si esercitano chiaramente nel suo testo Molte vite in multiversi.

Análisis del servicio de asistencia técnica ejecutado por la unidad municipal de asistencia técnica agropecuaria -Umata-, (periodo 1.998-2.007) en el municipio de Florencia, Caquetá

OpenAIRE

Lugo Perea, Leyson Jimmy

2009-01-01

En este estudio de analiza el servicio de asistencia agropecuaria que ha venido prestando la UMATA, durante el periodo 1998-2007 en Florencia Caquetá. Este ente descentralizado funciona básicamente a través de la ejecución de planes, programas y proyectos urbanos y rurales. Se identificaron y analizaron los planes, programas y proyectos desarrollados durante el periodo de estudio| la inversión y fuentes de financiación y se conocieron la percepción, valoración el...

Difusión en el periodo de Desarrollo Regional: algunos aspectos de la iconografía Tumaco-Tolita

OpenAIRE

Ugalde, María Fernanda

2014-01-01

Determinados elementos de la iconografía Tolita-Tumaco se analizan aislados y se comparan y asocian con representaciones de dentro y fuera del estilo. Se parte de la hipótesis de que en el periodo de Desarrollo Regional, varias culturas de los Andes Centrales y Septentrionales comparten elementos de un ideario mitológico-religioso cuyas raíces podrían remontarse al horizonte Chavín. Tales elementos deberían estar presentes y ser reconocibles en las representaciones iconográficas de cada cultu...

Duración del periodo de lluvias y aptitud de tierras para la agricultura de temporal / Duration of the rain period and land suitability for rainfed agriculture

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen Delgado

2017-09-01

Full Text Available . El concepto duración del periodo de lluvias (DPLL es una propuesta de mejoramiento de otro denominado longitud del periodo de crecimiento (LPC. El objetivo fue realizar un mapa de aptitud para la agricultura de temporal basado en la selección de un modelo de la duración del periodo de lluvias con el índice de humedad. Se utilizaron los datos de 65 estaciones meteorológicas del estado de Yucatán y zonas circundantes. Se analizó la relación entre el resultado del modelo con el mapa de la vegetación potencial. Se encontró que el índice de humedad es mayor cuando proviene del método de Thornthwaite (MT, con el que se obtuvo el mejor modelo cartográco con valor de denición de un mes húmedo cuando es mayor a 0.65. El variograma fue tipo Gaussiano con una r2 = 0.98 y el porcentaje de la varianza explicada C/(C0+C = 74 %. La validación cruzada de la interpolación presentó una r= 0.63 y la raíz cuadrada del error cuadrático medio (RECM = 1.34. Los cinco intervalos de meses húmedos de interés agrícola fue de tres a cuatro meses, de cuatro a cinco meses, de cinco a seis meses, de seis a siete meses, y de siete a ocho meses

Periodo reproductivo y talla de madurez masiva del camarón de roca Sicyonia penicillata (Decapoda: Sicyoniidae en Bahía Kino, Sonora, México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. López-Martínez

1999-06-01

Full Text Available Se estudia el periodo reproductivo del camarón de roca Sicyonia penicillata en el área de Bahía Kino, Sonora, de enero a diciembre de 1996 mediante muestreos quincenales efectuados a bordo de embarcaciones de la flota camaronera comercial y un crucero de investigación durante julio. La actividad reproductiva de la especie inicia a partir de los 25 mm de longitud abdominal, pero la talla de madurez sexual masiva de la especie se ubicó en 55 mm de longitud abdominal. Se encontraron organismos maduros todo el año, pero el patrón de reclutamiento indica que existe un periodo reproductivo masivo de agosto a enero; un segundo periodo, menos intenso ocurre en marzo y abril. Estos resultados son coincidentes para los meses en los que se cuenta con datos de madurez gonádica. Se postula la idea de un posible patrón de migración de juveniles hacia áreas someras de Bahía Kino.The reproductive pattern of the rock shrimp (Sicyonia penicillata was studied from January through December (1996 by sampling from boats twice a month (commercial shrimp fleet and one research cruise. Reproductive activity begins at 25 mm of tail length, but massive maturity or critical size is 55 mm of tail length. Mature organisms were found year round, but recruitment pattern analysis indicates that massive reproduction is from August through January; a second, less intense reproductive peak, occurs in March-April. Results are coincident with the gonadical maturity analysis. A migration pattern of juveniles towards shallow areas of Bahía Kino is suggested.

Nūdo shashin: la construcción del desnudo femenino en la fotografía del periodo Meiji

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Ibarí Ortega

2013-11-01

Full Text Available En este texto examinaré los retratos fotográficos de desnudos femeninos de la colección privada de Ishiguro Keishō, producidos en Japón durante el periodo Meiji (1868-1912, para analizar la forma en que se visualizó el cuerpo femenino bajo los discursos modernos producidos en torno a la sexualidad, la re-significación de lo erótico y la distinción de género, durante el complejo proceso de modernización que se generó en Japón durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX.

TU-H-BRA-04: A Novel Superconducting Magnet Design for Optimized Patient Access and Minimal SSD for Use in a Linac-MR Hybrid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yaghoobpour Tari, S; Wachowicz, K; Fallone, B

2016-01-01

Purpose: A prototype rotating hybrid MR imaging system and linac has been developed to allow for simultaneous imaging and radiation delivery parallel to B_0. However, the design of a compact magnet capable of rotation in a small vault with sufficient patient access and a typical clinical source-to-surface distance (SSD) is challenging. This work presents a novel superconducting magnet design that allows for a reduced SSD and ample patient access by moving the superconducting coils to the side of the yoke. The yoke and pole-plate structures are shaped to direct the magnetic flux appropriately. Methods: The surface of the pole plate for the magnet assembly is optimized. The magnetic field calculations required in this work are performed with the 3D finite element method software package Opera-3D. Each tentative design strategy is virtually modeled in this software package and externally controlled by MATLAB, with its key geometries defined as variables. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the variables subject to the minimization of a cost function. At each iteration, Opera-3D will solve the magnetic field solution over a field-of-view suitable for MR imaging and the degree of field uniformity will be assessed to calculate the value of the cost function associated with that iteration. Results: An optimized magnet assembly that generates a homogenous 0.2T magnetic field over an ellipsoid with large axis of 30 cm and small axes of 20 cm is obtained. Conclusion: The distinct features of this model are the minimal distance between the yoke’s top and the isocentre and the improved patient access. On the other hand, having homogeneity over an ellipsoid give us a larger field-of-view, essential for geometric accuracy of the MRI system. The increase of B_0 from 0.2T in the present model to 0.5T is the subject of future work. Funding Sources: Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions (AIHS)| Disclosure and Conflict of Interest: B. Gino Fallone is a co

TU-H-BRA-04: A Novel Superconducting Magnet Design for Optimized Patient Access and Minimal SSD for Use in a Linac-MR Hybrid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yaghoobpour Tari, S; Wachowicz, K; Fallone, B [Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (Canada)

2016-06-15

Purpose: A prototype rotating hybrid MR imaging system and linac has been developed to allow for simultaneous imaging and radiation delivery parallel to B{sub 0}. However, the design of a compact magnet capable of rotation in a small vault with sufficient patient access and a typical clinical source-to-surface distance (SSD) is challenging. This work presents a novel superconducting magnet design that allows for a reduced SSD and ample patient access by moving the superconducting coils to the side of the yoke. The yoke and pole-plate structures are shaped to direct the magnetic flux appropriately. Methods: The surface of the pole plate for the magnet assembly is optimized. The magnetic field calculations required in this work are performed with the 3D finite element method software package Opera-3D. Each tentative design strategy is virtually modeled in this software package and externally controlled by MATLAB, with its key geometries defined as variables. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the variables subject to the minimization of a cost function. At each iteration, Opera-3D will solve the magnetic field solution over a field-of-view suitable for MR imaging and the degree of field uniformity will be assessed to calculate the value of the cost function associated with that iteration. Results: An optimized magnet assembly that generates a homogenous 0.2T magnetic field over an ellipsoid with large axis of 30 cm and small axes of 20 cm is obtained. Conclusion: The distinct features of this model are the minimal distance between the yoke’s top and the isocentre and the improved patient access. On the other hand, having homogeneity over an ellipsoid give us a larger field-of-view, essential for geometric accuracy of the MRI system. The increase of B{sub 0} from 0.2T in the present model to 0.5T is the subject of future work. Funding Sources: Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions (AIHS)| Disclosure and Conflict of Interest: B. Gino Fallone

Selvas yermas. Los pueblos de indios desaparecidos en la costa sur de la Nueva Galicia durante el periodo colonial

OpenAIRE

Mejía, Ramón Goyas

2017-01-01

Resumen El presente análisis se centra en la desaparición de los pueblos de indios en la alcaldía mayor de la Purificación perteneciente a la Nueva Galicia durante el virreinato. Para la realización de este trabajo se abordó primero la caracterización físico natural de la región, para posteriormente hacer relevante la relación histórica hombre-naturaleza desde la época precolombina, ello con la finalidad de destacar la importancia de la pérdida de población durante el periodo colonial, como t...

Selvas yermas. Los pueblos de indios desaparecidos en la costa sur de la Nueva Galicia durante el periodo colonial

OpenAIRE

Ramón Goyas Mejía

2017-01-01

El presente análisis se centra en la desaparición de los pueblos de indios en la alcaldía mayor de la Purificación perteneciente a la Nueva Galicia durante el virreinato. Para la realización de este trabajo se abordó primero la caracterización físico natural de la región, para posteriormente hacer relevante la relación histórica hombre-naturaleza desde la época precolombina, ello con la finalidad de destacar la importancia de la pérdida de población durante el periodo colonial, como tema cent...

El periodo de integración en el Sur de la provincia de Loja

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

1982-01-01

Full Text Available La période dite d'Intégration (Vème-XVème siècle est bien représentée dans la province de Loja, par une seule tradition culturelle peu diversifiée. Le début de cette période est très vraisemblablement marqué par l'arrivée d'un nouveau groupe ethnique dont l'origine reste à déterminer. Il paraît être en partie assimilable à celui connu dans la littérature ethnohistorique sous le nom de 'Paltas'. El periodo de Integración (siglos V-XV está bien representado, en la provincia de Loja, por una única tradición cultural, poco diversificada. El principio de este período corresponde seguramente a la llegada de un nuevo grupo étnico cuyo origen queda por determinar. Parece que podría ser asimilado al grupo conocido en los textos etnohistóricos bajo el nombre de 'Paltas'.

La descentralización y la competencia municipal en el periodo 1999/2011

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrés Peraza

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo, mostrar la evolución del proceso de descentralización y la competencia de los municipios,en el periodo 1999/2011, en cuyo análisis se observa a partir del 99, las intenciones de continuar con el proceso descentralizador que emerge a raíz de la constitución de 1961 y reafirmados en la Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela 1999. No obstante, la posición política imperante basada en el socialismo del siglo XXI, genera las motivaciones para crear y modificar todo un cuerpo de leyes, incluyendo las relativas a los Consejos Comunales, que lejos de consolidar la descentralización municipal,frenan este proceso, creando desconcierto e incertidumbre. La investigación se abordó en un contexto documental-bibliográfico, se concluye, con algunas reflexiones sobre la incidencia que tiene para la comunidad y el municipio, la centralización del poder y la prestación del servicio a la comunidad.

Il problema dei debiti internazionali nel periodo tra le due guerre mondiali. (The international debt problem in the interwar period

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. DE CECCO

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Grande attenzione è stata recentemente dedicata al problema attuale del debito del terzo mondo e le sue implicazioni per il sistema bancario internazionale . Una rassegna di eventi simili a volte precedenti in passato dimostra che gli operatori dei mercati finanziari internazionali hanno la memoria corta , poiché la maggior parte degli aspetti della crisi si sono verificati in passato. Questo è confermato dal considerare il problema del debito internazionale tra la prima e la seconda guerra mondiale . La principale differenza tra allora e adesso è che il periodo tra le due guerre fu un periodo di transizione da un sistema di commercio dominato daòòa sterlina ad uno dominato  dal dollaro statunitense . Molti dei problemi di oggi derivano da questa continua dominazione dollaroConsiderable attention has recently been paid to the current problem of third world debt and its implications for the international banking system. A review of similar events at previous times in the past shows that operators in international financial markets have very short memories, since most of the aspects of the current crisis have occurred in the past. This is borne out by considering the international debt problem between the first and second world wars. The major difference between then and now is that the interwar period was a time of transition from a sterling-dominated trading system to one dominated by the US dollar. Many of today's problems stem from this continuing dollar domination.JEL: N24

Pautas recientes de la movilidad laboral entre las provincias españolas. Periodo 2001-2006

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ángel Mauricio Reyes

2008-11-01

Full Text Available En el trabajo tratamos de caracterizar la movilidad espacial existente en el mercado laboral español, tomando como referencia lo sucedido en el periodo comprendido entre los años 2001 a 2006. Para ello utilizamos datos sobre contratación producidos por el Instituto Nacional de Empleo. El objetivo que inicialmente nos proponemos es caracterizar la estructura espacial que subyace en los datos relativos a migración contratada. El análisis lo ampliamos introduciendo cierto detalle sectorial y sociodemográfico, en busca de singularidades y aspectos de interés. Sin embargo, la estructura espacial que encontramos es débil por lo que, en la segunda parte del trabajo, avanzamos hacia un modelo panel de tipo dinámico. Esta solución nos permite combinar la dimensión espacial, que da soporte físico a los datos, con la secuencia temporal que subyace en los flujos.

Relación entre un periodo de lactancia materna exclusiva menor de 6 meses y presencia de hábitos parafuncionales en un grupo de niños y adolescentes venezolanos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosa Gabriela Rondón

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Relacionar un periodo de lactancia materna exclusiva menor a 6 meses con la presencia de hábitos parafuncionales en un grupo de niños y adolescentes venezolanos que acudieron al Servicio de Odontología del Hospital Pediátrico San Juan de Dios de Caracas en el periodo Julio-Octubre de 2016. Materiales y métodos. Estudio epidemiológico de corte transversal, no experimental, de campo y de nivel correlacional, realizado en 183 niños y adolescentes entre 7 y 12 años. Se tomó una muestra no probabilística a conveniencia, con análisis de frecuencias, porcentajes, prueba de significancia estadística chi cuadrado y correlación de Pearson. Resultados. El género femenino ocupó un 56,3%, el promedio de edad fue de 8,4 ±1,29 años. El 100% de la población recibió lactancia materna exclusiva por algún tiempo: en el 53% fue de 0-3 meses y en el 47% de 4-5 meses. 131 pacientes (71.58% exhibieron uno o más hábitos parafuncionales, de los cuales, 83 pacientes (63,36% fueron amamantados de forma exclusiva de 0 a 3 meses y 48 pacientes (36,64% de 4 a 5 meses con una significancia estadística de p=0,000 (p-valor<0,05 y r=25,30%. En esta población, un periodo de lactancia materna exclusiva menor de 6 meses se relacionó con la presencia de succión digital (p=0,015 y r=18,10%, succión de cuerpo extraño (p=0,001 y r=24,70%, deglución atípica (p=0,047 y r=10,80% y respiración bucal (p=0,000 y r=33,10%. Conclusión. Se destaca la relación entre un periodo menor de 6 meses de lactancia materna exclusiva y la presencia de hábitos parafuncionales en la muestra analizada.

"Restitución de Derechos Arancelarios y su incidencia en el crecimiento de las exportaciones en el Perú periodos 2012 - 2014"

OpenAIRE

Huaman Paredes, Werner Albert

2017-01-01

Determinar la incidencia del régimen de Restitución de Derechos Arancelarios, en el incentivo de las exportaciones por las empresas productoras-exportadoras en el Perú, periodos 2012-2014. Material y métodos: Investigación inductiva – deductiva, se sustenta en estudios de observación, aplicación de encuestas, análisis documental y entrevistas. Utiliza: cuestionarios, revisión documental, diseño y validación cotejada en el marco teórico. La población está constituido por las empresas productor...

Clima y compromiso organizacional de los trabajadores empleados de la Universidad Peruana Unión Filial Juliaca, durante el periodo 2014-I

OpenAIRE

Cutipa Gonzales, Álex Daniel

2014-01-01

El clima organizacional y el compromiso de los trabajadores son relevantes en el comportamiento de las personas, y fundamentales en el desarrollo estratégico de toda organización. Por estos motivos se hace importante determinar cuál es la relación que existe entre el clima organizacional y el compromiso organizacional de los trabajadores empleados de la Universidad Peruana Unión en el periodo 2014-I. La población para este trabajo de investigación fueron 320 trabajadores distribuida en difere...

EFECTO DEL ESTRADIOL EN EL PERIODO DE RECONOCIMIENTO MATERNAL DE LA PREÑEZ SOBRE LA SUPERVIVENCIA EMBRIONARIA EN ALPACAS

OpenAIRE

Chipayo G., Ysaac; Leyva V., Víctor; García V., Wilber

2013-01-01

El efecto del estradiol (E2 ) durante el periodo de reconocimiento maternal de la preñez (días 9-11 post-ovulación) fue estudiado en 44 alpacas con descanso postparto > 20 días. Los animales fueron sometidos a una monta controlada con macho entero (>15 minutos) y se les aplicó 500 UI de gonadotropina coriónica humana (hCG) vía i.m. Los animales fueron divididos en 3 grupos: El grupo G1 (n=14) recibió 0.2 ml de una solución de vitaminas A, D y E vía i.m. los días 8 y 9 post-ovulación. El grupo...

Variaciones antropométricas a lo largo de un periodo competitivo en judokas de élite. (Anthropometric variations over a competitive period in elite judoka.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gema Torres-Luque

2011-07-01

Full Text Available ResumenEl objetivo del presente estudio fue valorar el efecto de un periodo competitivo sobre características antropométricas en judokas de élite. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 7 judokas de alto nivel (21 ± 2,7 años, 72,8±15,9 kg, 170,8 ± 10,3 cm y 11,22 ± 2,6 años de experiencia en judo. Durante un periodo de 7 semanas se valoró la carga de entrenamiento, así como el perfil antropométrico. Los resultados muestran variaciones de la carga de entrenamiento, masa corporal, porcentaje de grasa, y masa residual las semanas previas a las competiciones (pAbstractThe aim was to assess the effect of competitive period on anthropometric characteristics of elite judoka. 7 high-level judo (21 ± 2.7 years, 72.8 ± 15.9 kg, 170.8 ± 10.3 cm and 11.22 ± 2.6 years of experience in judo were selected. Over a period of 7 weeks, training load and the anthropometric profile was evaluated. The results show variations in training load, body mass, fat percentage, and residual mass in the weeks before the competition (p

Consideraciones teórico-críticas para el estudio de la literatura cubana del Periodo Especial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivonne Sánchez Becerril

2013-02-01

Full Text Available La transformación de la literatura cubana en el marco del Periodo especial en tiempos de paz está vinculada con la detonación de las tensiones acumuladas. El presente ensayo postula que la emergencia de una serie de poéticas narrativas es indisociable de un complejo contexto socio-histórico marcado por un cambio de referentes, la ruptura con el modelo literario impuesto y la formulación de conceptos particulares de la literatura desde los textos de creación. Para ello se resumen las coordenadas culturales, las influencias teóricas, la función de la crítica literaria y la avidez las casas editoriales extranjeras como principales promotores literarios, así como la adaptación de la censura a las nuevas condiciones.

El impacto del gasto público sobre el proceso de migración interna: Evidencia empírica para el periodo 2002-2007

OpenAIRE

Vargas, Enver

2012-01-01

Se estudian los determinantes de la migración interna en el Perú durante el periodo de 2002 a 2007, poniendo énfasis en el rol del gasto público. A partir de información del Censo Nacional 2007, se identifican los patrones migratorios entre regiones y se estima un modelo de determinantes de migración. Se asume que los potenciales migrantes toman decisiones comparando la región de origen con la de destino en una serie de dimensiones, incluyendo las condiciones del mercado laboral y la disponib...

ESTADO DEL ARTE DEL CONSUMO DE SUSTANCIAS PSICOACTIVAS EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DEL QUINDÍO, EN EL PERIODO 2009-2012

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Alonso Andrade Salazar

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo es descriptivo-comparativo, de corte cuantitativo y tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión de investigaciones acerca del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA en el periodo 2009-2012, en el departamento del Quindío. Cabe resaltar, que el consumo de SPA afecta tanto la calidad y expectativa de vida de las personas consumidoras, como la de sus familias y comunidad. En este sentido, su consumo se constituye en una pandemia y en una innegable problemática de salud a nivel macro, meso y micro social. En el eje cafetero, la investigación se ha realizado sobre grupos focales y atañe a configuraciones familiares y sociales, perfiles, características e incidencia del fenómeno.

Opoziční smlouvy „za kopečky“ II.: Byl pakt ČSSD a ODS z let 1998-2002 demokratickou deviací?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lubomír Kopeček

2013-12-01

Full Text Available This is the second part of a two–part paper, the first one having been published in the previous volume of this journal. After the 1998 general elections to the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic, the largest party, the Social Democratic Party (ČSSD, formed a minority government. The origin and existence of this government was enabled by an agreement with the second largest formation, the Civic Democratic Party (ODS. What was then known as the Opposition Agreement became the subject of considerable debate. The first part of the paper provided analysis of government practice in similar circumstances in Denmark, Sweden, New Zealand, and Italy at the time of the Historic Compromise. Here I focus specifically on the Czech case. The present paper points out not only the Opposition Agreement between the Social Democrats and the Civic Democratic Party and the later Toleration Patent, which even deepened the cooperation between these two parties, but also the frequent ad hoc legislative coalitions which the minority government was able to form.

Efecto del estradiol en el periodo de reconocimiento maternal de la preñez sobre la supervivencia embrionaria en alpacas

OpenAIRE

Chipayo G., Ysaac; Leyva V., Víctor; García V., Wilber

2003-01-01

El efecto del estradiol (E2) durante el periodo del reconocimiento maternal de la preñez (días 9-11 post-ovulación) fue estudiado en 44 alpacas con descanso postparto 20 días. Los animales fueron sometidos a una monta controlada con macho entero (15 minutos) y se les aplicó 500 UI de gonadotropina corionica humana (hCG) vía im. Los animales fueron divididos en 3 grupos: El grupo G1 (n=14), recibió 0.2 ml de una solución de vitamina A, D y E vía im los días 8 y 9 post-ovulación. El grupo G2 (n...

"Estudio estadístico del auge y declive de la Gran Logia de Cuba durante el periodo de 1945 a 1980"

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Luis Romeu

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Presentamos un análisis estadístico e histórico del auge y declive de los masones cubanos durante el periodo 1945- 1980, basado en nuestro estudio demográfico de esta institución. Nuestro trabajo identifica, y evalúa cuantitativamente, importantes factores que han contribuido, primero al crecimiento, y luego a declive de su membresía, en los primeros 30 años de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. A la vez, el trabajo introduce el uso de nuevas herramientas de análisis, utilizadas exitosamente en otras áreas de las humanidades y de las ciencias sociales.

El tratamiento actuarial de los periodos de carencia y el contraseguro de primas en el seguro de dependencia.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricote Gil, Fernando.

2003-01-01

Full Text Available La dependencia es un estado en el que se encuentran las personas que por razones ligadas a la falta o la pérdida de autonomía física, psíquica o intelectual tienen necesidad de asistencia y/o atención significativa para la realización los actos corrientes de la vida diaria. Dentro de la iniciativa privada, el sector asegurador juega un importante papel para la prestación de garantías derivadas de esta cobertura. Un aspecto fundamental en el estudio de esta cobertura es la consideración de los periodos de carencia y el tratamiento del contraseguro de primas durante los mismo. Se analiza el riesgo actuarial y su tratamiento en esta cobertura y la incidencia en la valoración actuarial de las primas por prestaciones de dependencia.

Incidencia de anemia ferropénica y factores asociados en las gestantes del distrito de Rapayan, Ancash, Perú: Periodo mayo 2010 - marzo 2011

OpenAIRE

Vite Gutiérrez, Flor Yessenia

2011-01-01

Objetivo: Conocer la incidencia de anemia ferropénica y factores asociados en la gestación en el distrito de Rapayan, Ancash, Perú. Material y método: estudio prospectivo, analítico y longitudinal en 39 gestantes del distrito de Rapayán, provincia de Huari, departamento de Ancash, Perú durante el periodo comprendido entre mayo 2010 y marzo del 2011. Se procedió a tomar muestras de sangre del total de la muestra n= 39 gestantes, durante los tres trimestres con el fin de controlar los niveles d...

The T10 beam produces a few hits per event. In ALICE the SSD will have to cope with many hits per strip. In the three centimeters of aluminium the beam will produce many secondary particles. This increases the chance of multiple hits per strip, although not to the level in ALICE.

CERN Multimedia

Nooren, G.

2004-01-01

The T10 beam produces a few hits per event. In ALICE the SSD will have to cope with many hits per strip. In the three centimeters of aluminium the beam will produce many secondary particles. This increases the chance of multiple hits per strip, although not to the level in ALICE.

Motivo relacionado con el conflicto en el arte rupestre del Periodo de Desarrollos Regionales en la arqueología del Noroeste argentino

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alicia A. FERNÁNDEZ DISTEL

2009-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: El motivo o tema de la guerra y la portación de armas en el arte rupestre de las provincias andinas argentinas es el motivo de este artículo. Respecto a la época, se lo ubica en el llamado “Periodo de Desarrollos Regionales” entre los años 900 y 1430 después de Cristo. Se discute sobre si es posible extender lo consignado por ciertos cronistas mestizos y españoles (Poma de Ayala y Cieza de León a la interpretación de este motivo. Estas Crónicas de la Conquista hablan de una época preincaica de conflicto interétnico permanente o Edad de los Auca Runa. Se plantea si el motivo tiene igual presencia que las imágenes de caravanas que también se dan en este periodo y se alude a la tradición oral para dirimir la cuestión.ABSTRACT: This article deals with the motif (or theme of war and weapons in the rock art of the andean provinces of Argentina. This motif appears repeatedly during the Regional Developments Period (900-1430 AD. It is interesting to discuss the possible extension of the so called “Warriors Era” of the Spanish Chroniclers in Perú (Poma de Ayala and Cieza de León to the interpretation of this motif. These Chronicles speak about a Pre-Inka Era characterized by unrest and confrontation among andean groups. At the same region and period the motif of lama caravans increase its importance. Oral tradition is decisive to adopt or to reject the peruvian model.

Papel de la diplomacia cultural de corea del sur para consolidar su marca país en Colombia en el periodo 2011- 2013

OpenAIRE

Pedraza Moreno, Daniela

2014-01-01

El presente trabajo de investigación busca analizar el papel de la Diplomacia Cultural de Corea del Sur en el posicionamiento de su marca país en Colombia en el periodo 2011-2013. Se pretende demostrar que desde el 2011 la diplomacia cultural de Corea del Sur ha sido usada como estrategia sistemática y armónica del Gobierno de Lee Myung Bak en alianza con los sectores público y privado, a fin de posicionar su marca país en Colombia y promover a través de la llamada “Ola Coreana” la demanda po...

Oana Sălişteanu Cristea, Introduzione alla dialettologia italiana, Tra lingua e dia­ letto, Editura DAIM, Bucureşti 2002, 160 pagine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pavao Tekavčić

2002-12-01

Full Text Available La professoressa dall'Ateneo di Bucarest, in cui insegna lessicologia, filologia e dialettologia italiana, ci ha regalato due anni fa un primo volume dedicato all'italiano, Prestito latino - elemento ereditario nel lessico de/la lingua italiana. Doppioni e va­ rianti, Praga 2000. Adesso la studiosa ci offre un' altra opera, citata nel titolo della nos­ tra recensione. 11 libro, diciamolo subito, trascende i limiti della filologia italiana, essendo di notevole interesse e importanza per varie altre discipline linguistiche.

La escoba de bruja del cacao [Crinipellis perniciosa (Stahel Singer] en la región del Piedemonte Llanero de Colombia: la dinámica de la producción de escobas y el periodo de latencia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tovar Germán

1991-06-01

Full Text Available

El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar la dinámica   de la formación de escobas en el tiempo, el periodo verde y el periodo seco de la escoba y Ia capacidad de regeneración de las mismas después de su remoción. EI estudio se realizo durante varios años en tres plantaciones hibridas de cacao de 5, 7 Y 12 años. Las tasas de infección variaron de un año a otro y estuvieron relacionadas con la cantidad de inóculo inicial (Xo. La proporción de enfermedad de un año a otro o incremento anual del numero de escobas fue relativamente constante con un intervalo de variación entre 1: 1,5, Y 1: 2,5. La mayor parte de las escobas tuvieron un periodo verde entre 4 y 6 semanas. El periodo seco o de inducción de la fructificación del hongo fue variable y su duración depende de la época del año en que ocurre la infección, con un mínima de 14 semanas y un máximo de 54 semanas. EI ciclo de la enfermedad es predominantemente anual a monocíclico dentro de un año y poliético a través de varios años, lo cual determina la periocidad anual de la pacta fitosanitaria de las escobas para el control de Ia enfermedad. La brotación enferma después de la remoción de las escobas fue de 6,3% y su desarrollo fue escaso (3 em, lo cual sugiere que la poda fitosanitaria de las escobas es una medida eficaz desde el punto de vista de reducción del inóculo (xo, estrategia de control especialmente relevante.

Morbilidad laboral en el sector agrícola en trabajadores afiliados a una administradora de riesgos laborales (ARL) de Colombia, durante el periodo 2011-2012.

OpenAIRE

Velásquez Bueno, Diana Marcela

2013-01-01

Este estudio muestra la prevalencia por enfermedad laboral de un grupo de trabajadores afiliados a una ARL en Colombia. Compara la morbilidad laboral entre dos grupo de trabajadores expuestos y no expuestos al trabajo agrícola y al interior del grupo de trabajadores agrícolas agrupados en las actividades de corte de caña, cultivo de banano y flores. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal durante el periodo 2011-2012, mediante la revisión de una base de datos de morbilidad la...

EFECTO DE UN PERIODO DE SOBRECARGA DE ENTRENAMIENTO DE DOS SEMANAS SOBRE LA PRECISIÓN EN EL GOLPEO EN TENISTAS JÓVENES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Moya

2010-09-01

Full Text Available

RESUMEN

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido comprobar el efecto producido por un periodo de entrenamiento físico de 11 semanas, que comprendía dos semanas de sobrecarga de entrenamiento, sobre la evolución en la precisión en el golpeo de tenistas jóvenes. 16 tenistas (5 mujeres y 11 varones fueron estudiados a lo largo de 11 semanas, en las cuales se efectuó un seguimiento y registro de la carga de entrenamiento y del rendimiento. Los resultados indican que periodos breves de sobrecarga de entrenamiento no empeoraron la precisión en el golpeo como medida de rendimiento de los tenistas del estudio, lo cual parece indicar que la modificación de esta variable depende de la utilización de entrenamientos más específicos.
Palabras Clave: tenis, precisión en el golpeo, carga de entrenamiento,  sistema de sobrecarga de entrenamiento

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to test the effect of a physical training period of 11 weeks, which included two weeks of overreaching on changes in stroke precision of young players. 16 players (5 females and 11 males were studied over 11 weeks, in which a follow-up of training load and performance were carried out. The results indicate that short overreaching periods did not worsen the stroke precision as a measure of tennis players’ performance, and it seems indicate this variable depends on the use of more specific training.
Key Words: tennis, stroke precision, training load, overreaching

Factores críticos de éxito y su influencia en el desarrollo turístico competitivo: caso comunidades de los Uros-Puno periodo 2008-2009

OpenAIRE

Arohuanca Percca, Paula Andrea

2010-01-01

Este trabajo de Investigación Titulado: "Factores Críticos de Éxito y su influencia en el desarrollo turístico competitivo: caso Comunidad de los Uros-Puno periodo 2008-2009", basado en el tema de desarrollo local y competitividad de territorios subnacionales, con el uso de la metodologia participativa denominada la brújula de competitividad, la que permitió trabajar con los actores directos involucrados en el tema de desarrollo económico local de la comunidad de los Uros. Se trabajó en funci...

Psicología iberoamericana : Estudio de su productividad e impacto en revistas internacionales a través de Bases de Datos en el periodo 1975-1990

OpenAIRE

Alcaín Partearroyo, María Dolores

1996-01-01

La primera parte presenta una breve introducción sobre la actividad científica en psicología en España, Portugal y América latina. La segunda, un estudio empírico, estudia la visibilidad internacional de la producción científica de esos piases durante 1975-1990. Se analizan 2.438 referencias bibliográficas de artículos de revistas obtenidas de tres bases de datos (psyclit, pascal y psyndex). Se obtienen indicadores bibliométricos de productividad por periodos, piases, idiomas, autores y revis...

Retinol sérico en mujeres mexicanas urbanas durante el periodo perinatal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Casanueva Esther

1999-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO. Establecer la prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina A durante el embarazo y la lactancia en un grupo de mujeres mexicanas urbanas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Se invitó a participar a un grupo de gestantes que acudían a control prenatal, que carecían de patología agregada y contaban con menos de 20 semanas de embarazo. Fueron evaluadas tres veces durante el embarazo y hasta la semana 24 del posparto. La determinación de vitamina A en suero se realizó por cromatografía de líquidos de alta presión. Se consideró como punto de corte para riesgo de deficiencia una concentración de retinol < 1.05 µmol/L. RESULTADOS. En las tres evaluaciones durante la gestación las concentraciones de vitamina A fueron de 2.34±0.70, 2.41±1.03 y 1.86±0.66 µmol/L, respectivamente, lo cual muestra una disminución significativa. Sin embargo, sólo 1/30 se ubicó por debajo del punto de corte aceptado para considerar riesgo de deficiencia y ninguno para deficiencia. Durante el posparto las concentraciones se conservaron relativamente constantes, alrededor de 2.10 µmol/L. La práctica de la lactancia no tuvo impacto sobre las concentraciones séricas de retinol, no así la pérdida de peso. CONCLUSIONES. En la población estudiada no se documentaron casos de deficiencia de vitamina A durante el periodo perinatal. La pérdida de peso materna tiene influencia sobre las concentraciones de retinol en el posparto.

In vitro and in vivo investigation of bacterial cellulose dressing containing uniform silver sulfadiazine nanoparticles for burn wound healing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xiaoxiao Wen

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Silver sulfadiazine (SSD particles in homogeneous dispersion state were prepared by an ultrasonic method and then nano- and microparticles were separated using centrifugation. SSD particles with narrow size distribution were impregnated with bacterial cellulose (BC to produce BC–SSD composite membrane used as burn wound dressing. A scanning electron microscope (SEM was used to examine the surface morphology of BC–SSD membranes. The incorporation of SSD in BC–SSD was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD. Antimicrobial tests in vitro indicated that BC–SSD showed excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The effects of BC–SSD on burn wound healing were assessed by rat models. The comparative study confirmed that the wound treated with BC–SSD showed high healing rate. The bacteria count in BC–SSD group was far less than control group. Histological analysis showed that epithelialization progressed better in wound treated with BC–SSD. These values demonstrated that the BC–SSD composite membrane could be a promising wound dressing for burn.

RELACIÓN ENTRE FRECUENCIA CARDIACA Y LACTATO SANGUÍNEO DURANTE EL PERIODO DE RECUPERACIÓN DEL EJERCICIO AEROBIO-ANAEROBIO DE CORTA DURACIÓN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L.P. Rodríguez

2010-09-01

Full Text Available

RESUMEN

En el presente trabajo se ha estudiado la relación entre frecuencia cardíaca y lactato en sangre durante el periodo de recuperación (0, 5, 10 Y 25 minutos de una prueba de esfuerzo estandarizada aerobia-anaerobia en caballos de salto. La diferencia es significativa para la frecuencia cardíaca en todo el periodo de recuperación medido. Respecto al lactato, la diferencia es significativa a los 0 y 5 minutos. Existe una relación lineal positiva entre ambos parámetros después del ejercicio. No se ha encontrado ninguna relación con la categoría del sujeto ni con el tiempo de duración de la prueba.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Ejercicio aerobio-anaerobio; frecuencia cardíaca postejercicio; lactato sanguíneo postejercicio; relación frecuencia cardíaca lactato sanguíneo

ABSTRACT

Standarized aerobic anaerobic exercise tests were performed in jumping horses to determinate the relationship between postexercise heart rate and blood lactate. Both parameters were measured at 0, 5, 10 y 25 minutes after the exercise. Our results show statistically significant changes in heart rate at every time of measure respect to the average rest values, whereas blood lactate levels are statistically different only at 0 and 5 minutes. There is a positive linear relationship between blood lactate and heart rate after the exercise but these parameters are not linked with the duration of the exercise or the subject athletic level.
KEY WORDS: Aerobic anaerobic exercise; heart rate postexercise; blood lactate postexercise; heart rate-blood lactate relationship

Frecuencia de hábitos de protección solar en estudiantes de bachilerato en la ciudad de Pasaje en el periodo de junio 2014 a diciembre 2014.

OpenAIRE

Vire Bustamante, Juan Pablo

2015-01-01

Determinar la frecuencia de hábitos de protección solar en estudiantes de bachillerato en la ciudad de Pasaje en el periodo Junio 2014 a Diciembre 2014 Metodología:Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal. . El cuestionario incluye 12 preguntas acerca de prácticas de protección solar. Los sujetos del estudio constituyen estudiantes de bachillerato de Pasaje: zona urbana 8 colegios particulares y 6 fiscales, y en el área rural 5 colegios fiscales. Resultad...

El narcotráfico en México desde el discurso oficial : un análisis de los sexenios comprendidos en el periodo 1988-2009

OpenAIRE

Norzagaray López, Miguel David

2010-01-01

Por medio de una investigación analítico-descriptiva de los discursos presidenciales (en el periodo 1988-2009) se estudia, el cómo se ha ido delimitando y dibujando la figura del narcotráfico discursivamente por el Estado mexicano, el cual está situado como el enunciador privilegiado acerca del narcotráfico como fenómeno. Capítulo I. Narcotráfico y discurso político. -- Capítulo II. El narcotráfico, como una razón de Estado. -- Capítulo III. El narcotráfico, sólo un problema más de segurid...

Convergencia económica en la región sur de México: un análisis municipal durante el periodo 1990-2010

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Kido-Cruz

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio pone a prueba la hipótesis de convergencia entre el crecimien - to del ingreso per cápita y un nivel de ingreso inicial. Se generan diagramas de convergencia sigma y beta absoluta y se estima la ecuación de convergencia beta condicional en municipios de cuatro estados de México: Chiapas, Guerrero, Michoacán y Oaxaca, durante el periodo de 1990 al 2010, veinte años después de la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte ( tlcan . Los principales resultados sugieren evidencia que rechaza la hipótesis de convergencia absoluta y condicional durante el tiempo de estudio.

Evolución del consumo de fármacos antidepresivos en las áreas sanitarias de la Rioja y Zamora durante el periodo 1997-2001

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Sainz de Rozas Aparicio

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: Debido al gran aumento del consumo de antidepresivos, y al cambio del perfil de prescripción dentro del grupo, el objetivo del estudio es describir la evolución del consumo extrahospitalario de este subgrupo terapéutico (N06A en las áreas de salud de La Rioja y Zamora durante el periodo 1997-2001 y valorar el impacto de los nuevos fármacos. Métodos: Se ha estudiado el consumo de fármacos incluidos en el subgrupo terapéutico N06A de la Clasificación Anatómica Terapéutica Química. Los datos de consumo de cada especialidad se han obtenido de los programas informáticos de gestión de farmacia (SIFAR y se han expresado para cada principio activo en Dosis Habitante Día (DHD. Resultados: En el periodo de estudio se ha producido un incremento del consumo total de antidepresivos en las dos áreas (Zamora 55% y La Rioja 93%, debido fundamentalmente al incremento de los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina (ISRS (Zamora 80% y La Rioja 143% y de los nuevos antidepresivos heterocíclicos (Zamora 82% y La Rioja 78%. Conclusiones: El incremento en la utilización de antidepresivos va acompañado de un cambio en el perfil de prescripción: hay un claro desplazamiento hacia el consumo de los ISRS y algunos heterocíclicos (venlafaxina, trazodona, reboxetina, disminuyendo la utilización de los antidepresivos tricíclicos y de los inhibidores de la monoaminooxidasa.

SSD Market Overview

Science.gov (United States)

Wong, G.

The unparalleled cost and form factor advantages of NAND flash memory has driven 35 mm photographic film, floppy disks and one-inch hard drives to extinction. Due to its compelling price/performance characteristics, NAND Flash memory is now expanding its reach into the once-exclusive domain of hard disk drives and DRAM in the form of Solid State Drives (SSDs). Driven by the proliferation of thin and light mobile devices and the need for near-instantaneous accessing and sharing of content through the cloud, SSDs are expected to become a permanent fixture in the computing infrastructure.

A prospective observational study of skin to subarachnoid space depth in the Indian population

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Smita Prakash

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Background and Aims: A pre-puncture estimate of skin to subarachnoid space depth (SSD may guide spinal needle placement and reduce complications associated with lumbar puncture. Our aim was to determine (1 The SSD in Indian males, females, parturients and the overall population; (2 To derive formulae for predicting SSD and (3 To determine which previously suggested formula best suited our population. Methods: In this prospective, observational study, 800 adult Indian patients undergoing surgery under spinal anaesthesia were divided into three groups: Males (Group M, females (Group F and parturients (Group PF. SSD was measured after lumbar puncture. The relationship between SSD and patient characteristics was studied and statistical models were used to derive formula for predicting SSD. Statistical analysis included One-way ANOVA with post hoc analysis, forward stepwise multivariate regression analysis and paired t-tests. Results: Mean SSD was 4.71 ± 0.70 cm in the overall population. SSD in adult males (4.81 ± 0.68 cm was significantly longer than that observed in females (4.55 ± 0.66 cm but was comparable with SSD in parturients (4.73 ± 0.73 cm. Formula for predicting SSD in the overall population was 2.71 + 0.09 × Body Mass Index (BMI. Stocker′s formula when applied correlated best with the observed SSD. Formulae were derived for the three groups. Conclusions: We found gender-based differences in SSD, with SSD in males being significantly greater than that observed in the female population. SSD correlated with BMI in the parturient and the overall population. Amongst the previously proposed formulae, Stocker′s formula was most accurate in predicting SSD in our population.

Examen de auditoría integral al componente primas por cobrar de Seguros Sucre S.A. correspondiente al periodo del 01 enero 2012 al 31 diciembre del 2012

OpenAIRE

Merrill Ochoa, Yanina Alexandra

2014-01-01

La elaboración del presente trabajo comprende el desarrollo del examen de auditoría integral al componente primas por cobrar de Seguros Sucre S.A. correspondiente al periodo del 01 enero 2012 al 31 diciembre 2012. El examen se basa en la normativa aplicable al sector asegurador y documentación interna como manuales de políticas y procedimientos del proceso evaluado. Se podrán encontrar capítulos que generan una retrospectiva general del negocio de los seguros y cuál es la importancia del co...

Sex-specific weight loss mediates sexual size dimorphism in Drosophila melanogaster.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicholas D Testa

Full Text Available The selective pressures leading to the evolution of Sexual Size Dimorphism (SSD have been well studied in many organisms, yet, the underlying developmental mechanisms are poorly understood. By generating a complete growth profile by sex in Drosophila melanogaster, we describe the sex-specific pattern of growth responsible for SSD. Growth rate and critical size for pupariation significantly contributed to adult SSD, whereas duration of growth did not. Surprisingly, SSD at peak larval mass was twice that of the uneclosed adult SSD with weight loss between peak larval mass and pupariation playing an important role in generating the final SSD. Our finding that weight loss is an important regulator of SSD adds additional complexity to our understanding of how body size is regulated in different sexes. Collectively, these data allow for the elucidation of the molecular-genetic mechanisms that generate SSD, an important component of understanding how SSD evolves.

Macroecological patterns of sexual size dimorphism in turtles of the world

Science.gov (United States)

Agha, Mickey; Ennen, Joshua R.; Nowakowski, A. Justin; Lovich, Jeffrey E.; Sweat, Sarah C.; Todd, Brian D.

2018-01-01

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is a well-documented phenomenon in both plants and animals; however, the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that drive and maintain SSD patterns across geographic space at regional and global scales are understudied, especially for reptiles. Our goal was to examine geographic variation of turtle SSD and to explore ecological and environmental correlates using phylogenetic comparative methods. We use published body size data on 135 species from nine turtle families to examine how geographic patterns and the evolution of SSD are influenced by habitat specialization, climate (annual mean temperature and annual precipitation) and climate variability, latitude, or a combination of these predictor variables. We found that geographic variation, magnitude and direction of turtle SSD are best explained by habitat association, annual temperature variance and annual precipitation. Use of semi-aquatic and terrestrial habitats was associated with male-biased SSD, whereas use of aquatic habitat was associated with female-biased SSD. Our results also suggest that greater temperature variability is associated with female-biased SSD. In contrast, wetter climates are associated with male-biased SSD compared with arid climates that are associated with female-biased SSD. We also show support for a global latitudinal trend in SSD, with females being larger than males towards the poles, especially in the families Emydidae and Geoemydidae. Estimates of phylogenetic signal for both SSD and habitat type indicate that closely related species occupy similar habitats and exhibit similar direction and magnitude of SSD. These global patterns of SSD may arise from sex-specific reproductive behaviour, fecundity and sex-specific responses to environmental factors that differ among habitats and vary systematically across latitude. Thus, this study adds to our current understanding that while SSD can vary dramatically across and within turtle species under

Budismo, religión y filosofía durante el periodo Meiji : un estudio de la filosofía de la religión de Kiyozawa Manshi

OpenAIRE

Martí Oroval, Bernat

2013-01-01

La presente tesis doctoral está dedicada al estudio de la filosofía de la religión que el monje budista japonés Kiyozawa Manshi (1863-1903) elaboró entre los años 1888 y 1893. Antes de centrar nuestra atención en el análisis de dicha materia hemos dedicado una extensa parte de este ensayo a introducir la historia de la era Meiji, exponer las características del budismo de dicho periodo, las peculiaridades de la lengua nipona durante esa época, así como la historia y las enseñanzas principales...

Identification and characterization of novel defence and PCD signalling components in Arabidopsis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Xie, Wenjun

rescued syp121 syp122 ssdx (suppressor of syntaxin-related death) lines were collected. SSD genes are typically required for pathogen defence. In this PhD project, using some of these triple mutant lines, SSD6 and SSD12 were identified to be novel genes by Mutmap and complementation test. SSD6 encode...... a large protein with at least six domains with predicted functions, and mutations in five of these showed that they are important for the lesion mimic phenotype of syp121 syp122. Subcellular localization showed SSD6 to function on the ER. In the project, a split-GFP Gateway vector system was developed...... for topology studies of membrane proteins, and SSD6 was found to be an ER membrane-anchored cytosolic protein. The position of SSD6 in the defence signalling network was studied using syp121 syp122 ssd6 ssdy quadruple mutants, which suggested that SSD6 is not involved in any known signalling pathway. All...

Molecular Etiology of Hereditary Single-Side Deafness

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Shin Hye; Kim, Ah Reum; Choi, Hyun Seok; Kim, Min Young; Chun, Eun Hi; Oh, Seung-Ha; Choi, Byung Yoon

2015-01-01

Abstract Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL)/single-side deafness (SSD) is a frequently encountered disability in children. The etiology of a substantial portion of USNHL/SSD still remains unknown, and genetic causes have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, the authors evaluated the heritability of USNHL/SSD. The authors sequentially recruited 50 unrelated children with SSD. For an etiologic diagnosis, we performed a rigorous review on the phenotypes of family members of all children and conducted, if necessary, molecular genetic tests including targeted exome sequencing of 129 deafness genes. Among the 50 SSD children cohort, the authors identify 4 (8%) unrelated SSD probands from 4 families (SH136, SB173, SB177, and SB199) with another hearing impaired family members. Notably, all 4 probands in our cohort with a familial history of SSD also have pigmentary abnormalities such as brown freckles or premature gray hair within first degree relatives, which may indicate that genes whose products are involved with pigmentary disorder could be candidates for heritable SSD. Indeed, SH136 and SB199 turned out to segregate a mutation in MITF and PAX3, respectively, leading to a molecular diagnosis of Waardenburg syndrome (WS). We report, for the first time in the literature, a significant heritability of pediatric SSD. There is a strong association between the heritability of USNHL/SSD and the pigmentary abnormality, shedding a new light on the understanding of the molecular basis of heritable USNHL/SSD. In case of children with congenital SSD, it would be mandatory to rigorously screen pigmentary abnormalities. WS should also be included in the differential diagnosis of children with USNHL/SSD, especially in a familial form. PMID:26512583

Molecular Etiology of Hereditary Single-Side Deafness: Its Association With Pigmentary Disorders and Waardenburg Syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Shin Hye; Kim, Ah Reum; Choi, Hyun Seok; Kim, Min Young; Chun, Eun Hi; Oh, Seung-Ha; Choi, Byung Yoon

2015-10-01

Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL)/single-side deafness (SSD) is a frequently encountered disability in children. The etiology of a substantial portion of USNHL/SSD still remains unknown, and genetic causes have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, the authors evaluated the heritability of USNHL/SSD.The authors sequentially recruited 50 unrelated children with SSD. For an etiologic diagnosis, we performed a rigorous review on the phenotypes of family members of all children and conducted, if necessary, molecular genetic tests including targeted exome sequencing of 129 deafness genes.Among the 50 SSD children cohort, the authors identify 4 (8%) unrelated SSD probands from 4 families (SH136, SB173, SB177, and SB199) with another hearing impaired family members. Notably, all 4 probands in our cohort with a familial history of SSD also have pigmentary abnormalities such as brown freckles or premature gray hair within first degree relatives, which may indicate that genes whose products are involved with pigmentary disorder could be candidates for heritable SSD. Indeed, SH136 and SB199 turned out to segregate a mutation in MITF and PAX3, respectively, leading to a molecular diagnosis of Waardenburg syndrome (WS).We report, for the first time in the literature, a significant heritability of pediatric SSD. There is a strong association between the heritability of USNHL/SSD and the pigmentary abnormality, shedding a new light on the understanding of the molecular basis of heritable USNHL/SSD. In case of children with congenital SSD, it would be mandatory to rigorously screen pigmentary abnormalities. WS should also be included in the differential diagnosis of children with USNHL/SSD, especially in a familial form.

Membrane filter technologies for safe and clean processes and improved production; Filtrazione. Sicurezza, igiene, migliore produzione. Esperienze e proposte dalla Francia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mezzalira, P. (comp.)

2001-03-01

A wide variety of separation technologies, from membrane filtration, to chromatography, from reverse osmosis to micro- and ultrafiltration, with state-of-the-art tools are employed in various sectors to optimise process safety and improve production. The expertise and know-how of some companies in France. [Italian] Diverse tecnologie di filtrazione, dalla separazione a membrana, alla cromatografia, dall'osmosi inversa alla micro e ultrafiltrazione con apparecchiature d'avanguardia continuamente aggiornate, per le svariate applicazioni in diversi settori di attivita', all'insegna della sicurezza, dell'igiene, e di una migliore produttivita'.

Effects of paternal age and offspring cognitive ability in early adulthood on the risk of schizophrenia and related disorders

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sørensen, Holger J; Pedersen, Carsten B; Nordentoft, Merete

2014-01-01

Advanced paternal age (APA) and intelligence quotient (IQ) are both associated with the risk of schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) in young adult offspring. We hypothesized that the offspring SSD risk gradient associated with paternal age is mediated by offspring IQ. We investigated joint...... the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of SSD. During the follow-up, 528 men developed SSD (incidence rate [IR] 5.2 and 8.6 per 10,000 person-years in the first and second cohorts, respectively). APA was associated with higher risk of SSD (IRR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.10-1.60 per a ten-year increase in paternal age). A higher...... IQ was associated with lower SSD risk (IRR, 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63-0.74 per one SD increase). The IR of SSD was higher among persons who were draft-exempt for health reasons (APA-related SSD (individuals...

Economic and environmental impact of the utilization of the industrial potential of viable cogeneration for period 1998 - 2007; Impacto economico y ambiental de aprovechamiento del potencial industrial de cogeneracion viable para el periodo 1998 - 2007

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leon de los Santos, Gabriel; Mendoza Gonzslez, Lourdes [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2001-07-01

The utilization of the industrial potential of cogeneration offers a significant contribution to the construction of the electrical infrastructure that the growth of the country will require for the period 1998 - 2007. The conditions of growth of the co-generation potential and their levels of utilization are related to a on isolated growth of the other inter actors of the processes of power supply; As levels of economic viability, economic savings to industry, requirements of additional electrical capacity, growth of the industrial activity, costs, use of fuels, environmental impact. Rates of average growth for period 1998 - 2007 are considered and what levels of economic and environmental benefit offers this development to the industry, to the electrical company and to the country. And to what proportion can contribute the utilization of the industrial potential of electrical cogeneration to the requirements of additional electrical capacity that will require the development of the country during this period. With the rates of viable growth of the co-generation the equivalent reduction of fuel consumption is estimated for the industrial sector, given by the improvement in the generation efficiency and with the change in the proportion of fuels used in Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) for this period. Evaluating the emissions of the main fuels avoided with this growth and its repercussion at national level via the CFE, and showing the possible international implications of this reduction. [Spanish] El aprovechamiento del potencial industrial de cogeneracion ofrece una significativa aportacion a la construccion de la infraestructura electrica que el crecimiento del pais requerira para el periodo 1998 -2007. Las condiciones de crecimiento del potencial de cogeneracion y sus niveles de aprovechamiento estan relacionados con un crecimiento o aislado de los demas inter actores de los procesos de abasto energetico; Como niveles de viabilidad economica, ahorros

Periodo de interferencia de arvenses en el cultivo de berenjena (Solanum melongena L.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aramendiz-Tatis Hermes

2010-04-01

Full Text Available

Dada la importancia de la berenjena en la horticultura del Caribe colombiano, el presente trabajo buscó establecer las bases de un manejo sustentable e integrado de malezas en este cultivo, basado en el período de máxima interferencia de aquellas sobre este. El estudio se realizó en la Universidad de Córdoba, ubicada en Montería (8°39’ N; 75°58’ W. El diseño experimental consistió en bloques completamente aleatorizados, con cuatro repeticiones y siete tratamientos relacionados con periodos crecientes de control de arvenses, seguidos por ausencia de control. Los resultados muestran que las arvenses con mayor presencia fueron paja mona (Leptochloa filiformis [Lam.] Beauv., caminadora (Rottboellia cochinchinensis [Lour.] W.D. Clayton, liendre de puerco (Echinochloa colona [L.] Link., coquito (Cyperus rotundus L. y bledo (Amaranthus retroflexus L.. Las arvenses afectaron la altura de la planta, el diámetro del tallo, y el rendimiento y calidad del fruto. Este último parámetro no se ve afectado cuando el cultivar lila se mantiene limpio durante los primeros 40 días. Al considerar el tipo de productor de esta hortaliza en el valle del Sinú, se sugiere utilizar: i para áreas pequeñas, métodos físicos, como el arranque manual o corte con machete u otra herramienta, y prácticas culturales; ii para áreas grandes, la combinación de herbicidas de presiembra con métodos físicos y culturales.

El maestro de cantería Rodrigo Carrasco Gallego (c. 1640-1690 y su periodo toledano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio José Díaz Fernández

2001-01-01

Full Text Available En relación con el conocido arquitecto madrileño de la segunda mitad del s. XVII Rodrigo Carrasco Gallego (+ 1690, podemos ampliar la biografía del artista, documentando el periodo de su carrera que se podría denominar toledano, entre 1660 y 1674 aproximadamente. Nacido hacia 1640 en Consuegra (Toledo, villa natal del arquitecto y pintor José Jiménez Donoso, Rodrigo Carrasco se encuentra en esos años avecindado en Toledo, donde, formado dentro del círculo del maestro mayor Bartolomé Sombigo, ejerce su oficio de maestro de cantería, principalmente como marmolista, en obras repartidas entre la ciudad del Tajo y otras localidades del entorno.About of the celebrated architect madilenian belonging to the second half of the 17th century Rodrigo Carrasco Gallego (f1690, is possible amplify his biography, documentting the period of his career than colud cali toledan, between 1660 and 1674 approximatiy. Borned towards 1640 at Consuegra (Toledo, home town of the architect and páinter José Jiménez Donoso, Rodrigo Carrasco was living at those years at Toledo, where, formed inside the circle of the major master Bartolomé Sombigo, he exerts as master of stonework, mainly cutting of a marbie, at works dispensed amog the City of the Tajo and localities of the environment.

Opoziční smlouvy „za kopečky“ I.: Byl pakt ČSSD a ODS z let 1998–2002 demokratickou deviací?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lubomír Kopeček

2013-08-01

Full Text Available After the 1998 general elections to the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic, the largest party, the Social Democratic Party (ČSSD, formed a minority government. The origin and existence of this government was enabled by an agreement with the second largest formation, the Civic Democratic Party (ODS. What was then known as the Opposition Agreement became the subject of considerable debate. The paper analyses the Opposition Agreement in comparison with other minority governments with external support, be they governments formed on the basis of ad hoc agreements or complex ones. The text looks in detail at government practice in Denmark, Sweden, New Zealand, and Italy at the time of the Historic Compromise; this is then used as a context for outlining the specifics of the Czech case. The paper highlights not only the Opposition Agreement between the Social Democrats and the Civic Democratic Party and the later Toleration Patent, which even deepened the cooperation between these two parties, but also the frequent ad hoc legislative coalitions which the minority government was able to form. An additional aim of the paper is to outline foreign analogies to the potential future single-party minority government of the Czech Social Democrats supported by the Communists. Because of its considerable length, the text is divided into two parts; the first part is printed in this volume.

A-MUPS score to differentiate patients with somatic symptom disorder from those with medical disease for complaints of non-acute pain.

Science.gov (United States)

Suzuki, Shingo; Ohira, Yoshiyuki; Noda, Kazutaka; Ikusaka, Masatomi

2017-01-01

To develop a clinical score to discriminate patients with somatic symptom disorder (SSD) from those with medical disease (MD) for complaints of non-acute pain. We retrospectively examined the clinical records of consecutive patients with pain for a duration of ≥1 month in our department from April 2003 to March 2015. We divided the subjects according to the diagnoses of definite SSD (as diagnosed and tracked by psychiatrists in our hospital), probable SSD (without evaluation by psychiatrists in our hospital), matched MD (randomly matched two patients by age, sex, and pain location for each definite SSD patient), unmatched MD, other mental disease, or functional somatic syndrome (FSS). We investigated eight clinical factors for definite SSD and matched MD, and developed a diagnostic score to identify SSD. We subsequently validated the model with cases of probable SSD and unmatched MD. The number of patients with definite SSD, probable SSD, matched MD, unmatched MD, other mental disease, and FSS was 104 (3.5%), 214 (7.3%), 197 (6.7%), 742 (25%), 708 (24%), and 978 (33%), respectively. In a conditional logistic regression analysis, the following five factors were included as independent predictors of SSD: Analgesics ineffective, Mental disorder history, Unclear provocative/palliative factors, Persistence without cessation, and Stress feelings/episodes (A-MUPS). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the model was 0.900 (95% CI: 0.864-0.937, p <0.001), and the McFadden's pseudo- R -squared was 0.709. For internal validation, the AUC between probable SSD and unmatched MD was 0.930 (95% CI: 0.910-0.950, p <0.001). The prevalence and the likelihood ratio of SSD increased as the score increased. The A-MUPS score was useful for discriminating patients with SSD from those with MD for complaints of non-acute pain, although external validation and refinement should be needed.

Social security work disability and its predictors in patients with fibromyalgia.

Science.gov (United States)

Wolfe, Frederick; Walitt, Brian T; Katz, Robert S; Häuser, Winfried

2014-09-01

To determine prevalence and incidence of US Social Security Disability and Supplemental Security Income (SSD) in patients with fibromyalgia and to investigate prediction of SSD. Over a mean of 4 years (range 1-13 years), we studied 2,321 patients with physician-diagnosed fibromyalgia (prevalent cases) and applied modified American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 2010 research criteria to identify criteria-positive patients. During the study, 34.8% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 32.9-36.8%) of fibromyalgia patients received SSD. The annual incidence of SSD among patients not receiving SSD at study enrollment was 3.4% (95% CI 3.0-3.9%), and 25% were estimated to be work disabled at 9.0 years of followup. By comparison, the prevalence of SSD in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with concomitant fibromyalgia was 55.6% (95% CI 54.3-57.0%) and was 42.4% in osteoarthritis (OA). By study conclusion, 31.4% of SSD awardees were no longer receiving SSD. In univariate models, incident SSD in patients with fibromyalgia was predicted by sociodemographic measures and by symptom burden; but the strongest predictor was functional status (Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index [HAQ DI]). In multivariable models, the HAQ DI and the Short Form 36-item health survey physical and mental component summary scores, but no other variables, predicted SSD. Fibromyalgia criteria-positive patients had more SSD, but the continuous scale, polysymptomatic distress index derived from the ACR criteria was a substantially better predictor of SSD than a criteria-positive diagnosis. The prevalence of SSD is high in fibromyalgia, but not higher than in RA and OA patients who satisfy fibromyalgia criteria. The best predictors of work disability are functional status variables. Copyright © 2014 by the American College of Rheumatology.

Análisis de la política exterior norteamericana hacia Turquía, en materia de seguridad, y su influencia en el Kurdistán. Periodo 2003-2009

OpenAIRE

Gómez Pedroza, Ivonne Cecilia

2016-01-01

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los elementos que articulan la Política Exterior de los Estados Unidos hacia Turquía, en materia de seguridad, y su influencia en el Kurdistán, ya que en el periodo 2003-2009 se presentaron acontecimientos que marcaron la vida política, económica, militar y social de la región del Medio Oriente, caracterizado por la presencia de los Estados Unidos. Esta investigación se desarrollara de acuerdo con el modelo de monografía, para dar un análisis teórico ...

Sexual selection on male size drives the evolution of male-biased sexual size dimorphism via the prolongation of male development.

Science.gov (United States)

Rohner, Patrick T; Blanckenhorn, Wolf U; Puniamoorthy, Nalini

2016-06-01

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) arises when the net effects of natural and sexual selection on body size differ between the sexes. Quantitative SSD variation between taxa is common, but directional intraspecific SSD reversals are rare. We combined micro- and macroevolutionary approaches to study geographic SSD variation in closely related black scavenger flies. Common garden experiments revealed stark intra- and interspecific variation: Sepsis biflexuosa is monomorphic across the Holarctic, while S. cynipsea (only in Europe) consistently exhibits female-biased SSD. Interestingly, S. neocynipsea displays contrasting SSD in Europe (females larger) and North America (males larger), a pattern opposite to the geographic reversal in SSD of S. punctum documented in a previous study. In accordance with the differential equilibrium model for the evolution of SSD, the intensity of sexual selection on male size varied between continents (weaker in Europe), whereas fecundity selection on female body size did not. Subsequent comparative analyses of 49 taxa documented at least six independent origins of male-biased SSD in Sepsidae, which is likely caused by sexual selection on male size and mediated by bimaturism. Therefore, reversals in SSD and the associated changes in larval development might be much more common and rapid and less constrained than currently assumed. © 2016 The Author(s). Evolution © 2016 The Society for the Study of Evolution.

Patterns of sexual size dimorphism in horseshoe bats: Testing Rensch's rule and potential causes.

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Hui; Jiang, Tinglei; Huang, Xiaobin; Feng, Jiang

2018-02-08

Rensch's rule, stating that sexual size dimorphism (SSD) becomes more evident and male-biased with increasing body size, has been well supported for taxa that exhibit male-biased SSD. Bats, primarily having female-biased SSD, have so far been tested for whether SSD allometry conforms to Rensch's rule in only three studies. However, these studies did not consider phylogeny, and thus the mechanisms underlying SSD variations in bats remain unclear. Thus, the present study reviewed published and original data, including body size, baculum size, and habitat types in 45 bats of the family Rhinolophidae to determine whether horseshoe bats follow Rensch's rule using a phylogenetic comparative framework. We also investigated the potential effect of postcopulatory sexual selection and habitat type on SSD. Our findings indicated that Rensch's rule did not apply to Rhinolophidae, suggesting that SSD did not significantly vary with increasing size. This pattern may be attributable interactions between weak sexual selection to male body size and strong fecundity selection for on female body size. The degree of SSD among horseshoe bats may be attributed to a phylogenetic effect rather than to the intersexual competition for food or to baculum length. Interestingly, we observed that species in open habitats exhibited greater SSD than those in dense forests, suggesting that habitat types may be associated with variations in SSD in horseshoe bats.

Right Ear Advantage of Speech Audiometry in Single-sided Deafness.

Science.gov (United States)

Wettstein, Vincent G; Probst, Rudolf

2018-04-01

Postlingual single-sided deafness (SSD) is defined as normal hearing in one ear and severely impaired hearing in the other ear. A right ear advantage and dominance of the left hemisphere are well established findings in individuals with normal hearing and speech processing. Therefore, it seems plausible that a right ear advantage would exist in patients with SSD. The audiometric database was searched to identify patients with SSD. Results from the German monosyllabic Freiburg word test and four-syllabic number test in quiet were evaluated. Results of right-sided SSD were compared with left-sided SSD. Statistical calculations were done with the Mann-Whitney U test. Four hundred and six patients with SSD were identified, 182 with right-sided and 224 with left-sided SSD. The two groups had similar pure-tone thresholds without significant differences. All test parameters of speech audiometry had better values for right ears (SSD left) when compared with left ears (SSD right). Statistically significant results (p right and 97.5 ± 4.7% left, p right and 93.9 ± 9.1% left, p right and 63.8 ± 11.1 dB SPL left, p right ear advantage of speech audiometry was found in patients with SSD in this retrospective study of audiometric test results.

Determinación de los periodos predominantes de los depósitos de suelo de Tunja y Sogamoso usando microtemblores

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Orlando Rincón Arango

2010-11-01

Full Text Available En el estudio fueron evaluados los periodos de losdepósitos de suelo mediante la relación H/V, técnicade Nakamura aplicada a registros de microtemblores;los registros fueron realizados en puntos del área urbanapara las ciudades de Tunja y Sogamoso (Boyacá,Colombia; se incluyó el análisis de estabilidad horariaen suelo y roca para los sitios de instalación deestaciones acelerográficas, se elaboró un mapa deisoperiodos y se establecieron zonas de respuestadinámica similar, comparando los resultados con laszonificaciones previas realizadas y los accidentestopográficos. Además, se analizó la variabilidad de losregistros ante la presencia de tubificación subsuperficial,fenómeno habitual en la ciudad de Tunja, debido a losavanzados procesos de erosión de los depósitos, queha desestabilizado diversas construcciones. Losresultados obtenidos se usaron para determinar los sitiosdonde sería necesario instrumentar, y se trazaron pautaspara el proceso de zonificación definitivo de las ciudades,en la siguiente etapa del proyecto de microzonificación

DSM-5 illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder: Comorbidity, correlates, and overlap with DSM-IV hypochondriasis.

Science.gov (United States)

Newby, Jill M; Hobbs, Megan J; Mahoney, Alison E J; Wong, Shiu Kelvin; Andrews, Gavin

2017-10-01

To investigate the reliability, validity and utility of DSM-5 illness anxiety disorder (IAD) and somatic symptom disorder (SSD), and explore their overlap with DSM-IV Hypochondriasis in a health anxious sample. Treatment-seeking patients with health anxiety (N=118) completed structured diagnostic interviews to assess DSM-IV Hypochondriasis, DSM-5 IAD, SSD, and comorbid mental disorders, and completed self-report measures of health anxiety, comorbid symptoms, cognitions and behaviours, and service utilization. IAD and SSD were more reliable diagnoses than Hypochondriasis (kappa estimates: IAD: 0.80, SSD: 0.92, Hypochondriasis: 0.60). 45% of patients were diagnosed with SSD, 47% with IAD, and 8% with comorbid IAD/SSD. Most patients with IAD fluctuated between seeking and avoiding care (61%), whereas care-seeking (25%) and care-avoidant subtypes were less common (14%). Half the sample met criteria for DSM-IV Hypochondriasis; of those, 56% met criteria for SSD criteria, 36% for IAD, and 8% for comorbid IAD/SSD. Compared to IAD, SSD was characterized by more severe health anxiety, somatic symptoms, depression, and higher health service use, and higher rates of major depressive disorder, panic disorder and agoraphobia. DSM-5 IAD and SSD classifications reliably detect more cases of clinically significant health anxiety than DSM-IV Hypochondriasis. The differences between IAD and SSD appear to be due to severity. Future research should explore the generalizability of these findings to other samples, and whether diagnostic status predicts treatment response and long-term outcome. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chaahk y el Pájaro O' en el periodo Clásico y en narraciones coloniales Chaahk and Bird O' through the Classic Period and Colonial Narrative

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana García Barrios

2009-01-01

Full Text Available En el Periodo Clásico maya se encuentran referencias a un ave que comúnmente es conocida como pájaro O', y aparece estrechamente relacionada con el dios Chaahk. El pájaro O' es citado en apelativos del dios en una inscripción de la ciudad de Ek' Balam y, de forma más amplia, en Yaxchilán, en donde todo parece indicar que actúa de dios patrono. La importancia de esta figura mitológica se demuestra en la pervivencia de narraciones recogidas en época colonial, como El Ritual de los Bacabes, en donde se describe al pájaro O' formando parte de las mismas estructuras simbólicas a las que aparece asociado también el dios de la lluvia: el árbol y los colores de los cuatro rumbos. Más relevante resulta observar que en estos documentos coloniales, al igual que en el periodo Clásico, el pájaro O' es invocado en conjuros, en este caso en ceremonias de sanación.During the Maya Classic period we can find some referentes to a bird named O', that seems to be related to Chaahk. This bird is part of the name of this God on an inscription at Ek' Balam and in many more at Yaxchilan, where it seems to be the patron god. The importance of this mythological bird might be seen by the number of references to it during the Colonial period, as in El Ritual de los Bacabes, where this bird is described being part of symbolic structures associated to the rain god too: the tree and the four cardinal points. This bird also appears in texts related to healing.

Speech-Sound Disorders and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms

Science.gov (United States)

Lewis, Barbara A.; Short, Elizabeth J.; Iyengar, Sudha K.; Taylor, H. Gerry; Freebairn, Lisa; Tag, Jessica; Avrich, Allison A.; Stein, Catherine M.

2012-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association of speech-sound disorders (SSD) with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by the severity of the SSD and the mode of transmission of SSD within the pedigrees of children with SSD. Participants and Methods: The participants were 412 children who were enrolled…

Regional contextual influences on short sleep duration: a 50 universities population-based multilevel study in China.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Tingzhong; Peng, Sihui; Barnett, Ross; Zhang, Chichen

2018-01-01

Ecological models have emphasized that short sleep duration (SSD) is influenced by both individual and environmental variables. However, few studies have considered the latter. The present study explores the influence of urban and regional contextual factors, net of individual characteristics, on the prevalence of SSD among university students in China. Participants were 11,954 students, who were identified through a multistage survey sampling process conducted in 50 universities. Individual data were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire, and contextual variables were retrieved from a national database. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine urban and regional variations in high and moderate levels of SSD. Overall the prevalence of high SSD (individual- and city-level covariates. Students attending high-level universities also recorded the highest levels of SSD. Of the individual characteristcs, only mother's occupation and student mental health status were related to SSD. The results of this study add important insights about the role of contextual factors affecting SSD among young adults and indicate the need to take into account both past, as well as present, environmental influences to control SSD.

A Comparison of the Metalinguistic Performance and Spelling Development of Children With Inconsistent Speech Sound Disorder and Their Age-Matched and Reading-Matched Peers.

Science.gov (United States)

McNeill, Brigid C; Wolter, Julie; Gillon, Gail T

2017-05-17

This study explored the specific nature of a spelling impairment in children with speech sound disorder (SSD) in relation to metalinguistic predictors of spelling development. The metalinguistic (phoneme, morphological, and orthographic awareness) and spelling development of 28 children ages 6-8 years with a history of inconsistent SSD were compared to those of their age-matched (n = 28) and reading-matched (n = 28) peers. Analysis of the literacy outcomes of children within the cohort with persistent (n = 18) versus resolved (n = 10) SSD was also conducted. The age-matched peers outperformed the SSD group on all measures. Children with SSD performed comparably to their reading-matched peers on metalinguistic measures but exhibited lower spelling scores. Children with persistent SSD generally had less favorable outcomes than children with resolved SSD; however, even children with resolved SSD performed poorly on normative spelling measures. Children with SSD have a specific difficulty with spelling that is not commensurate with their metalinguistic and reading ability. Although low metalinguistic awareness appears to inhibit these children's spelling development, other factors should be considered, such as nonverbal rehearsal during spelling attempts and motoric ability. Integration of speech-production and spelling-intervention goals is important to enhance literacy outcomes for this group.

Study of regional cerebral blood flow SPECT imaging for sudden sensorineural deafness

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xie Changhui; Kui Xixiao; Xiong Qibin; Wen Hui; Xie Jiabiao

1998-01-01

Purpose: To study the clinical value of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) SPECT imaging for sudden sensorineural deafness (SSD). Methods: 10 normal persons, 19 conductive deafness and 31 SSD patients were examined by rCBF SPECT imaging, and compared with X CT at the same time. All SSD patients were followed up for 6∼12 months with repeated rCBF SPECT imaging. Results: 1) The radioactivity of diseased and normal horizontal temporal gyrus ratio (T/NT) in SSD patients was the lowest among three groups (P < 0.01). 2) The sensitivity (80.6%) and accurate rate (88.3%) of rCBF SPECT imaging in SSD patients were much higher than those of CT (3.2% and 50%, P < 0.01). 3) There was a significant correlation between degree of deafness and T/NT in SSD patients. 4) Good prognosis of SSD patients with normal rCBF SPECT was found. 5) The rCBF SPECT had close concordance between rCBF SPECT imaging and clinical prognosis (84.6%). Conclusions: rCBF SPECT imaging was superior to X CT in diagnosis of SSD and played an important clinical role

The effects of spinal support device on pain and extensibility of the hamstrings in patients with non-specific low back pain.

Science.gov (United States)

Jeon, Eun Tae; Jung, Jin-Hwa; Moon, Jong Hoon; Jung, Kyoung-Sim; Won, Young Sik; Kim, Sung-Jin; Hahm, Suk-Chan; Cho, Hwi-Young

2017-08-01

[Purpose] The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of spinal support device (SSD) on pain and hamstring extensibility in patients with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). [Subjects and Methods] 20 patients with NSLBP were recruited and randomly assigned to either the SSD group or the control group. In the SSD group, SSD was applied; in the control group, bed rest in supine position was performed. Both groups underwent treatment 20 min/day, 3 times a week, for a duration of 4 weeks. To assess the hamstring extensibility, sit and reach test (SRT) was performed. To assess pain pressure threshold (PPT) of the sacroiliac joint, a pressure algometer was used. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to quantify pain. [Results] The SSD group showed a significant improvement in sacroiliac joint pain with increased VAS, and the control group showed a significantly increased VAS after intervention. In the SSD group, VAS was significantly increased, but SRT was not changed compared with the control group. [Conclusion] These results demonstrated that an application of SSD effectively attenuates low back pain. Therefore, SSD may be a suitable intervention for pain control in patients with NSLBP.

Mechanical properties of silicon in subsurface damage layer from nano-grinding studied by atomistic simulation

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Zhiwei; Chen, Pei; Qin, Fei; An, Tong; Yu, Huiping

2018-05-01

Ultra-thin silicon wafer is highly demanded by semi-conductor industry. During wafer thinning process, the grinding technology will inevitably induce damage to the surface and subsurface of silicon wafer. To understand the mechanism of subsurface damage (SSD) layer formation and mechanical properties of SSD layer, atomistic simulation is the effective tool to perform the study, since the SSD layer is in the scale of nanometer and hardly to be separated from underneath undamaged silicon. This paper is devoted to understand the formation of SSD layer, and the difference between mechanical properties of damaged silicon in SSD layer and ideal silicon. With the atomistic model, the nano-grinding process could be performed between a silicon workpiece and diamond tool under different grinding speed. To reach a thinnest SSD layer, nano-grinding speed will be optimized in the range of 50-400 m/s. Mechanical properties of six damaged silicon workpieces with different depths of cut will be studied. The SSD layer from each workpiece will be isolated, and a quasi-static tensile test is simulated to perform on the isolated SSD layer. The obtained stress-strain curve is an illustration of overall mechanical properties of SSD layer. By comparing the stress-strain curves of damaged silicon and ideal silicon, a degradation of Young's modulus, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and strain at fracture is observed.

Mechanical properties of silicon in subsurface damage layer from nano-grinding studied by atomistic simulation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhiwei Zhang

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Ultra-thin silicon wafer is highly demanded by semi-conductor industry. During wafer thinning process, the grinding technology will inevitably induce damage to the surface and subsurface of silicon wafer. To understand the mechanism of subsurface damage (SSD layer formation and mechanical properties of SSD layer, atomistic simulation is the effective tool to perform the study, since the SSD layer is in the scale of nanometer and hardly to be separated from underneath undamaged silicon. This paper is devoted to understand the formation of SSD layer, and the difference between mechanical properties of damaged silicon in SSD layer and ideal silicon. With the atomistic model, the nano-grinding process could be performed between a silicon workpiece and diamond tool under different grinding speed. To reach a thinnest SSD layer, nano-grinding speed will be optimized in the range of 50-400 m/s. Mechanical properties of six damaged silicon workpieces with different depths of cut will be studied. The SSD layer from each workpiece will be isolated, and a quasi-static tensile test is simulated to perform on the isolated SSD layer. The obtained stress-strain curve is an illustration of overall mechanical properties of SSD layer. By comparing the stress-strain curves of damaged silicon and ideal silicon, a degradation of Young’s modulus, ultimate tensile strength (UTS, and strain at fracture is observed.

DSM-5 somatic symptom disorder in patients with vertigo and dizziness symptoms.

Science.gov (United States)

Limburg, Karina; Sattel, Heribert; Radziej, Katharina; Lahmann, Claas

2016-12-01

DSM-5 somatic symptom disorder (SSD) could potentially be a highly relevant diagnosis for patients with vertigo and dizziness. The criteria of SSD, particularly the B-criterion with its three components (cognitive, affective, behavioral), have however not yet been investigated in this patient group. We evaluated a large sample (n=399) of outpatients presenting in a neurological setting. Physical examinations and a psychometric assessment (SCID-I) were conducted; patients completed self-report questionnaires. The diagnosis of SSD was assigned retrospectively. The prevalence of SSD, its diagnostic criteria, and its overlap with former DSM-IV somatoform disorders were evaluated; comparisons were drawn between (1) patients fulfilling different components of the B-criterion and (2) patients with diagnoses after DSM-IV vs. DSM-5. SSD was almost twice as common as DSM-IV somatoform disorders. Patients with all three components of the B-criterion reported the highest impairment levels. Patients with both DSM-IV somatoform disorders and DSM-5 SSD were more impaired compared to groups with one of the diagnoses; patients with DSM-IV somatoform disorders only were more impaired than those with SSD only. Our findings demonstrate that SSD is highly prevalent in patients with vertigo and dizziness. The classification of severity based on the number of psychological symptoms appears valid and may assist in finding suitable treatment options according to clinical practice guidelines. Future studies should investigate the overlap of SSD and other psychiatric disorders, this may assist in better defining the diagnostic criteria of SSD. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

No auditory experience, no tinnitus: Lessons from subjects with congenital- and acquired single-sided deafness.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Sang-Yeon; Nam, Dong Woo; Koo, Ja-Won; De Ridder, Dirk; Vanneste, Sven; Song, Jae-Jin

2017-10-01

Recent studies have adopted the Bayesian brain model to explain the generation of tinnitus in subjects with auditory deafferentation. That is, as the human brain works in a Bayesian manner to reduce environmental uncertainty, missing auditory information due to hearing loss may cause auditory phantom percepts, i.e., tinnitus. This type of deafferentation-induced auditory phantom percept should be preceded by auditory experience because the fill-in phenomenon, namely tinnitus, is based upon auditory prediction and the resultant prediction error. For example, a recent animal study observed the absence of tinnitus in cats with congenital single-sided deafness (SSD; Eggermont and Kral, Hear Res 2016). However, no human studies have investigated the presence and characteristics of tinnitus in subjects with congenital SSD. Thus, the present study sought to reveal differences in the generation of tinnitus between subjects with congenital SSD and those with acquired SSD to evaluate the replicability of previous animal studies. This study enrolled 20 subjects with congenital SSD and 44 subjects with acquired SSD and examined the presence and characteristics of tinnitus in the groups. None of the 20 subjects with congenital SSD perceived tinnitus on the affected side, whereas 30 of 44 subjects with acquired SSD experienced tinnitus on the affected side. Additionally, there were significant positive correlations between tinnitus characteristics and the audiometric characteristics of the SSD. In accordance with the findings of the recent animal study, tinnitus was absent in subjects with congenital SSD, but relatively frequent in subjects with acquired SSD, which suggests that the development of tinnitus should be preceded by auditory experience. In other words, subjects with profound congenital peripheral deafferentation do not develop auditory phantom percepts because no auditory predictions are available from the Bayesian brain. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights

Muerte fetal en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza durante el periodo agosto 2003-noviembre 2004.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Miguel Milla Vera

2005-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Identificar las causas de los casos de muerte fetal, así como sus características sociodemográficas, clínicas, patológicas, y la tasa. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo. Se buscaron los casos de muerte fetal en el libro de registros del servicio de obstetricia del Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza entre agosto 2003 y noviembre 2004. Se buscaron las historias clínicas e informes anatomopatológicos correspondientes recopilándose los hallazgos. Resultados: Se encontraron 61 casos de muerte fetal, 47 se incluyeron en el estudio. Se registraron 4 524 nacidos vivos. La tasa de muerte fetal fue 13,48 por 1 000 nacidos vivos. Edad gestacional promedio fue de 28,29 semanas y peso promedio de 1 277,86 g. La edad menor a 35 años (76,59%, ausencia de control prenatal o control prenatal inadecuado (66,66%, paridad menor a 4 (86,96%, antecedente de aborto (21,73%, pequeño para edad gestacional (PEG (28,26%, hemorragia del tercer trimestre (HTT (17,39%, preeclampsia (8,69% y hallazgos anormales placentarios (23,28% fueron las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y patológicas más frecuentes. El 59,27% de los casos presentaba informe de patología. No se logró inferir causa alguna en 36,2%. Conclusiones: Los casos de muerte fetal durante el periodo de estudio no contenían los datos tanto clínicos como patológicos suficientes para identificar claramente las causas de muerte fetal. (Rev Med Hered 2005;16:260-265.

Identificación, transmisión y homología de Streptococcus Mutans de la madre durante la gestación y el niño en el periodo post natal

OpenAIRE

Carletto Körber, Fabiana Pia Marina

2014-01-01

Existen evidencias de que en la infección oral temprana la principal vía de transmisión de Streptococcus mutans es a través del contacto salival madre-niño y que la adquisición inicial tiene lugar durante un periodo especifico de tiempo denominado ''Ventana de Infectividad"; que transcurre entre los 6 y 30 meses de vida del niño, existiendo mayor riesgo entre los 18 y 30 meses de edad. En cuanto a la fuente y forma de transmisión se señala que el numero de Streptococcus mutans en saliva mater...

A-MUPS score to differentiate patients with somatic symptom disorder from those with medical disease for complaints of non-acute pain

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Suzuki S

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Shingo Suzuki, Yoshiyuki Ohira, Kazutaka Noda, Masatomi Ikusaka Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan Purpose: To develop a clinical score to discriminate patients with somatic symptom disorder (SSD from those with medical disease (MD for complaints of non-acute pain.Methods: We retrospectively examined the clinical records of consecutive patients with pain for a duration of ≥1 month in our department from April 2003 to March 2015. We divided the subjects according to the diagnoses of definite SSD (as diagnosed and tracked by psychiatrists in our hospital, probable SSD (without evaluation by psychiatrists in our hospital, matched MD (randomly matched two patients by age, sex, and pain location for each definite SSD patient, unmatched MD, other mental disease, or functional somatic syndrome (FSS. We investigated eight clinical factors for definite SSD and matched MD, and developed a diagnostic score to ­identify SSD. We subsequently validated the model with cases of probable SSD and unmatched MD.Results: The number of patients with definite SSD, probable SSD, matched MD, unmatched MD, other mental disease, and FSS was 104 (3.5%, 214 (7.3%, 197 (6.7%, 742 (25%, 708 (24%, and 978 (33%, respectively. In a conditional logistic regression analysis, the following five factors were included as independent predictors of SSD: Analgesics ineffective, Mental disorder history, Unclear provocative/palliative factors, Persistence without cessation, and Stress feelings/episodes (A-MUPS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC of the model was 0.900 (95% CI: 0.864–0.937, p<0.001, and the McFadden’s pseudo-R-squared was 0.709. For internal validation, the AUC between probable SSD and unmatched MD was 0.930 (95% CI: 0.910–0.950, p<0.001. The prevalence and the likelihood ratio of SSD increased as the score increased.Conclusion: The A-MUPS score was useful for discriminating patients with SSD from

Identificación y análisis de las oportunidades de exportación de productos agrícolas y agro-industriales potenciales desde Colombia hacia Estados Unidos - periodo de estudio: 2003 a 2012

OpenAIRE

Cely Espinosa, Diana Lorena

2015-01-01

Una de las mayores brechas que tienen los empresarios colombianos es la falta de información sobre las opciones de exportación hacia otros países, especialmente con Estados Unidos siendo uno de los principales socios comerciales que tiene Colombia. Por esta razón el presente trabajo de investigación se propuso identificar y analizar las oportunidades de exportaciones de productos agrícolas y agro-industriales potenciales desde Colombia hacia Estados Unidos en el periodo de 2003 hasta 2012...

Association between the extent of sigmoid sinus dehiscence and an occurrence of pulsatile tinnitus: a retrospective imaging study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dong, C.; Zhao, P.; Liu, Z.; Xu, W.; Lv, H.; Pang, S.; Wang, Z.

2016-01-01

Aim: To assess the extent of sigmoid sinus dehiscence (SSD) on high-resolution computed tomography venography (HRCTV) or high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images in pulsatile tinnitus (PT) and non-PT groups to determine whether there is an association between the extent of SSD and occurrence of PT. Materials and methods: Twenty-eight SSD patients with ipsilateral PT and 28 age- and gender-matched SSD patients without PT who underwent HRCTV or HRCT were enrolled in this study and categorised into two groups: “PT group” and “non-PT group”. The extent of SSD in each group was calculated and compared. Results: The largest transverse diameter and largest vertical diameter of SSD in the PT group were 6.21±1.7 and 6.15±2.19 mm, respectively. The largest transverse diameter and largest vertical diameter of SSD in the non-PT group were 3.06±1.38 and 2.51±1.03 mm, respectively. The extent of SSD was statistically different between the two groups (p<0.001; p<0.001). Conclusions: As a cause of PT, SSD can also occur in individuals without PT symptoms. Preliminary findings suggest that there may be a potential correlation between the extent of SSD and an occurrence of PT. - Highlights: • We compared the extent of sigmoid sinus dehiscence in pulsatile tinnitus and non-pulsatile tinnitus groups. • The sigmoid sinus dehiscence in the pulsatile tinnitus patients was larger than those in non-pulsatile tinnitus patients. • There may be a potential correlation between the extent of sigmoid sinus dehiscence and an occurrence of pulsatile tinnitus.

Variations in 6MV x-ray radiotherapy build-up dose with treatment distance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Butson, M.J.; Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong, NSW; Cheung, T.; Yu, P.K.N.

2003-01-01

Dose in the build up region for high energy x-rays produced by a medical linear accelerator is affected by the x-ray source to patient surface distance (SSD). The use of isocentric treatments whereby the tumour is positions 100cm from the source means that depending of the depth of the tumour and the size of the patient, the SSD can vary from distances of 80cm to 100cm. To achieve larger field sizes, the SSD can also be extended out to 120cm at times. Results have shown that open fields are not significantly affected by SSD changes with deviations in percentage dose being less than 4% of maximum dose for SSD's from 80cm to 120cm SSD. With the introduction of beam modifying devices such as Perspex blocking trays, the effects are significant with a deviation of up to 22% measured at 6MV energy with a 6mm Perspex tray for SSD's from 80cm to 120cm. These variations are largest at the skin surface and reduce with depth. The use of a multi leaf collimator for blocking removes extra skin dose caused by the Perspex block trays with decreasing SSD. Copyright (2003) Australasian College of Physical Scientists and Engineers in Medicine

Parameters Comparsion of Leads Detection in Arctic Sea Ice Using CRYOSAT-2 Waveform Data

Science.gov (United States)

Li, J.; Zhang, S.; Xiao, F.; Zhu, C.; Zhang, Y.; Zhu, T.; Yuan, L.

2018-04-01

Leads are only a small part of the polar sea ice structure, but they play a dominant role on the turbulence exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere, they are also important factors about sea ice thickness inversion. Since the early 2000s, Satellite altimetry has been applied to monitor the Arctic sea ice thickness, Satellite altimetry data can be used to distinguish leads and sea ice. In this paper, four parameters including Pulse peakiness (PP), stack standard deviation (SSD), stack kurtosis (SKU) and stack skewness (SSK) are extracted from CryoSat-2 satellite altimetry waveform data. The four parameters are combined into five combinations (PP, PP&SSD, PP&SSD&SKU, PP&SSD&SSK, PP&SSD&SSK&SKU) with constrain conditions to detect the leads. The results of the five methods are compared with MODIS (moderate-resolution imagining spectroradiometer) images and show that, the combination of PP&SSD is better than the single PP, the rest of combinations are the same as the combination of PP&SSD. It turns out, there is no promotion when we add SSK and SKU, successively or simultaneously.

Traditional test administration and proactive interference undermine visual-spatial working memory performance in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.

Science.gov (United States)

Girard, Todd A; Wilkins, Leanne K; Lyons, Kathleen M; Yang, Lixia; Christensen, Bruce K

2018-05-31

Introduction Working-memory (WM) is a core cognitive deficit among individuals with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). However, the underlying cognitive mechanisms of this deficit are less known. This study applies a modified version of the Corsi Block Test to investigate the role of proactive interference in visuospatial WM (VSWM) impairment in SSD. Methods Healthy and SSD participants completed a modified version of the Corsi Block Test involving both high (typical ascending set size from 4 to 7 items) and low (descending set size from 7 to 4 items) proactive interference conditions. Results The results confirmed that the SSD group performed worse overall relative to a healthy comparison group. More importantly, the SSD group demonstrated greater VSWM scores under low (Descending) versus high (Ascending) proactive interference; this pattern is opposite to that of healthy participants. Conclusions This differential pattern of performance supports that proactive interference associated with the traditional administration format contributes to VSWM impairment in SSD. Further research investigating associated neurocognitive mechanisms and the contribution of proactive interference across other domains of cognition in SSD is warranted.

Allometry of sexual size dimorphism in domestic dog.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Frynta

Full Text Available The tendency for male-larger sexual size dimorphism (SSD to scale with body size - a pattern termed Rensch's rule - has been empirically supported in many animal lineages. Nevertheless, its theoretical elucidation is a subject of debate. Here, we exploited the extreme morphological variability of domestic dog (Canis familiaris to gain insights into evolutionary causes of this rule.We studied SSD and its allometry among 74 breeds ranging in height from less than 19 cm in Chihuahua to about 84 cm in Irish wolfhound. In total, the dataset included 6,221 individuals. We demonstrate that most dog breeds are male-larger, and SSD in large breeds is comparable to SSD of their wolf ancestor. Among breeds, SSD becomes smaller with decreasing body size. The smallest breeds are nearly monomorphic.SSD among dog breeds follows the pattern consistent with Rensch's rule. The variability of body size and corresponding changes in SSD among breeds of a domestic animal shaped by artificial selection can help to better understand processes leading to emergence of Rensch's rule.

Working memory in school-age children with and without a persistent speech sound disorder.

Science.gov (United States)

Farquharson, Kelly; Hogan, Tiffany P; Bernthal, John E

2017-03-17

The aim of this study was to explore the role of working memory processes as a possible cognitive underpinning of persistent speech sound disorders (SSD). Forty school-aged children were enrolled; 20 children with persistent SSD (P-SSD) and 20 typically developing children. Children participated in three working memory tasks - one to target each of the components in Baddeley's working memory model: phonological loop, visual spatial sketchpad and central executive. Children with P-SSD performed poorly only on the phonological loop tasks compared to their typically developing age-matched peers. However, mediation analyses revealed that the relation between working memory and a P-SSD was reliant upon nonverbal intelligence. These results suggest that co-morbid low-average nonverbal intelligence are linked to poor working memory in children with P-SSD. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

Algoritmo para el control metabólico del paciente diabético en el periodo posoperatorio de la cirugía cardiovascular

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maikel Rodulfo García

2014-07-01

Full Text Available El paciente con diabetes mellitus en el periodo posoperatorio de la cirugía cardiovascular, frecuentemente presenta descontrol en sus niveles de glucemia, debido a las consecuencias metabólicas que traen consigo, tanto el aumento de hormonas contra-reguladoras como la resistencia y/o disminución de los niveles de insulina, causado por el estrés quirúrgico al cual se expone el organismo. Su control es esencial durante la cirugía y luego de esta, pues de ello depende la evolución de los afectados; por tanto, es de vital importancia poseer una guía que permita orientarse para mantener las cifras de glucemia en valores adecuados. Se presenta un algoritmo terapéutico de fácil aplicación, elaborado en el Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, con vistas a tratar la hiperglucemia, que pueda generalizarse al resto de los centros del país

Estimation of Skin to Subarachnoid Space Depth: An Observational Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Hazarika, Rajib; Choudhury, Dipika; Nath, Sangeeta; Parua, Samit

2016-10-01

In a patient, the skin to Subarachnoid Space Depth (SSD) varies considerably at different levels of the spinal cord. It also varies from patient to patient at the same vertebral level as per age, sex and Body Mass Index (BMI). Estimation of the skin to SSD reduces complications related to spinal anaesthesia. To measure the skin to SSD in the Indian population and to find a formula for predicting this depth. Three hundred adult patients belonging to American Society of Anaesthesiologist class I and II, undergoing surgery using spinal anaesthesia in various surgical specialities of Gauhati Medical College were selected by systemic sampling for this prospective, observational study. Patients were divided into three groups: Group M containing male patients, Group F containing non-pregnant female patients, and Group PF containing pregnant female's patients. SSD was measured after performing lumbar puncture. The relationship between SSD and patient characteristics were studied, correlated and statistical analysis was used to find a formula for predicting the skin to SSD. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 21.0, Chicago, IL, USA). One-way ANOVA with post-hoc(Bonferroni correction factor) analysis was applied to compare the three groups. Multivariate analysis was done for the covariates followed by a multivariate regression analysis to evaluate the covariates influencing SSD for each group separately. Mean SSD was 4.37±0.31cm in the overall population. SSD in adult males was 4.49±0.19cm which was significantly longer than that observed in female's 4.18±0.39cm which was comparable with SSD in parturient 4.43±0.19 cm. The formula for predicting the skin to SSD in the male population was 1.718+0.077×BMI+0.632×Height, in nonpregnant female population was 1.828+0.077×BMI+0.018×Height+0.007×Age and 0.748+0.209×BMI+4.703×Height-0.054×weight in parturient females, respectively. Skin to SSD correlated with the BMI in all

The study of sub-surface damage distributions during grinding process on different abrasion materials

Science.gov (United States)

Kuo, Ching-Hsiang; Huang, Chien-Yao; Yu, Zong-Ru; Shu, Shyu-Cheng; Chang, Keng-Shou; Hsu, Wei-Yao

2017-10-01

The grinding process is the primary technology for curvature generation (CG) on glass optics. The higher material removal rate (MRR) leads to deeper sub-surface damage (SSD) on lens surface. The SSD must be removed by following lapping and polishing processes to ensure the lens quality. However, these are not an easy and an efficient process to remove the SSD from ground surface directly for aspheric surfaces with tens or hundreds microns departure from bestfit- sphere (BFS). An efficient fabrication procedure for large aspheric departure on glass materials must be considered. We propose 3-step fabrication procedures for aspheric surface with larger departure. 1st step is to generate a specific aspheric surface with depth less than 10 μm of SSD residual. 2nd step is to remove SSD and keep the aspheric form by using Zeeko polisher with higher MRR pad. Final step is to figure and finish the aspheric surface by using QED MRF machine. In this study, we focus on the 1st step to investigate the residual depth of SSD after grinding process on different abrasion materials. The materials of tested part are fused silica, S-NPH2, and S-PHM52. The cross grinding would be configured and depth of SSD/surface roughness would be evaluated in this study. The characteristic of SSD could be observed after etching by confocal microscope. The experimental results show the depth of SSD below 31.1 μm with #400 grinding wheel. And the near 10 μm depth of SSD would be achieved with #1,000 grinding wheel. It means the aspherization polishing on large parts with large departure from best fit sphere would be replaced. The fabrication of large aspheric part would be efficient.

Domestic chickens defy Rensch's rule: sexual size dimorphism in chicken breeds.

Science.gov (United States)

Remeš, V; Székely, T

2010-12-01

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD), i.e. the difference in sizes of males and females, is a key evolutionary feature that is related to ecology, behaviour and life histories of organisms. Although the basic patterns of SSD are well documented for several major taxa, the processes generating SSD are poorly understood. Domesticated animals offer excellent opportunities for testing predictions of functional explanations of SSD theory because domestic stocks were often selected by humans for particular desirable traits. Here, we analyse SSD in 139 breeds of domestic chickens Gallus gallus domesticus and compare them to their wild relatives (pheasants, partridges and grouse; Phasianidae, 53 species). SSD was male-biased in all chicken breeds, because males were 21.5 ± 0.55% (mean ± SE) heavier than females. The extent of SSD did not differ among breed categories (cock fighting, ornamental and breeds selected for egg and meat production). SSD of chicken breeds was not different from wild pheasants and allies (23.5 ± 3.43%), although the wild ancestor of chickens, the red jungle fowl G. gallus, had more extreme SSD (male 68.8% heavier) than any domesticated breed. Male mass and female mass exhibited positive allometry among pheasants and allies, consistently with the Rensch's rule reported from various taxa. However, body mass scaled isometrically across chicken breeds. The latter results suggest that sex-specific selection on males vs. females is necessary to generate positive allometry, i.e. the Rensch's rule, in wild populations. © 2010 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2010 European Society For Evolutionary Biology.

Evolution of sexual dimorphism and Rensch’s rule in the beetle genus Limnebius (Hydraenidae: is sexual selection opportunistic?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrey Rudoy

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Sexual size dimorphism (SSD is widespread among animals, with larger females usually attributed to an optimization of resources in reproduction and larger males to sexual selection. A general pattern in the evolution of SSD is Rensch’s rule, which states that SSD increases with body size in species with larger males but decreases when females are larger. We studied the evolution of SSD in the genus Limnebius (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae, measuring SSD and male genital size and complexity of ca. 80% of its 150 species and reconstructing its evolution in a molecular phylogeny with 71 species. We found strong support for a higher evolutionary lability of male body size, which had an overall positive allometry with respect to females and higher evolutionary rates measured over the individual branches of the phylogeny. Increases in SSD were associated to increases in body size, but there were some exceptions with an increase associated to changes in only one sex. Secondary sexual characters (SSC in the external morphology of males appeared several times independently, generally on species that had already increased their size. There was an overall significant correlation between SSD, male body size and male genital size and complexity, although some lineages with complex genitalia had low SSD, and some small species with complex genitalia had no SSD. Our results suggest that the origin of the higher evolutionary variance of male body size may be due to lack of constraints rather than to sexual selection, that may start to act in species with already larger males due to random variation.

IMPORTANCE OF CYCLOPHOSPHANUM IN THE TREATMENT OF INTERSTITIAL LUNG LESION IN PATIENTS WITH SCLERODERMA SYSTEMATICA (A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Olga Aleksandrova Koneva

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Interstitial lung diseases (ILD are a common manifestation of scleroderma systematica (SSD that along with pulmonary arterial hypertension remains the leading cause of death in this nosological entity. As of now, cyclophosphanum remains the only immunosuppressant recommended by the European League against Rheumatism for the treatment of ILD in SSD. The paper analyzes the papers providing evidence for the efficacy of cyclophosphanum in ILD in patients with SSD. It also considers the regimens and duration of treatment with cyclophosphanum, ways of evaluating its efficacy and effects on extrapulmonary manifestations of SSD. It is concluded that cyclophosphanum has a positive, predominantly stabilizing, effect on the course of ILD in SSD.

Selective deficit in spatial memory strategies contrast to intact response strategies in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders tested in a virtual navigation task.

Science.gov (United States)

Wilkins, Leanne K; Girard, Todd A; Konishi, Kyoko; King, Matthew; Herdman, Katherine A; King, Jelena; Christensen, Bruce; Bohbot, Veronique D

2013-11-01

Spatial memory is impaired among persons with schizophrenia (SCZ). However, different strategies may be used to solve most spatial memory and navigation tasks. This study investigated the hypothesis that participants with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) would demonstrate differential impairment during acquisition and retrieval of target locations when using a hippocampal-dependent spatial strategy, but not a response strategy, which is more associated with caudate function. Healthy control (CON) and SSD participants were tested using the 4-on-8 virtual maze (4/8VM), a virtual navigation task designed to differentiate between participants' use of spatial and response strategies. Consistent with our predictions, SSD participants demonstrated a differential deficit such that those who navigated using a spatial strategy made more errors and took longer to locate targets. In contrast, SSD participants who spontaneously used a response strategy performed as well as CON participants. The differential pattern of spatial-memory impairment in SSD provides only indirect support for underlying hippocampal dysfunction. These findings emphasize the importance of considering individual strategies when investigating SSD-related memory and navigation performance. Future cognitive intervention protocols may harness SSD participants' intact ability to navigate using a response strategy and/or train the deficient ability to navigate using a spatial strategy to improve navigation and memory abilities in participants with SSD. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Increasing the treatment motivation of patients with somatic symptom disorder: applying the URICA-S scale.

Science.gov (United States)

Mander, Johannes; Schaller, Georg; Bents, Hinrich; Dinger, Ulrike; Zipfel, Stephan; Junne, Florian

2017-07-03

Therapeutic intervention programs for somatic symptom disorder (SSD) show only small-to-moderate effect sizes. These effects are partly explained by the motivational problems of SSD patients. Hence, fostering treatment motivation could increase treatment success. One central aspect in SSD patients might be damage to motivation because of symptomatic relapses. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to investigate associations between motivational relapse struggle and therapeutic outcome in SSD patients. We assessed 84 inpatients diagnosed with SSD in the early, middle and late stages of their inpatient treatment. The maintenance subscale of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment-Short (URICA-S) was applied as a measure to assess motivational relapse struggle. Additionally, patients completed measures of treatment outcome that focus on clinical symptoms, stress levels and interpersonal functioning. The results from multiple regression analyses indicate that higher URICA-S maintenance scores assessed in early stages of inpatient treatment were related to more negative treatment outcomes in SSD patients. SSD patients with ambivalent treatment motivation may fail in their struggle against relapse over the course of therapy. The URICA-S maintenance score assessed at therapy admission facilitated early identification of SSD patients who are at greater risk of relapse. Future studies should incorporate randomized controlled trials to investigate whether this subgroup could benefit from motivational interventions that address relapse.

Seleção para aumento de produtividade e qualidade de frutos em abobrinha 'Piramoita' comparando dois métodos de melhoramento Selection for fruit yield and quality in 'Piramoita' summer squash comparing two breeding methods

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Ismael Inácio Cardoso

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivo comparar dois métodos de melhoramento quanto à seleção visando ao aumento de produtividade e qualidade de frutos na cv. Piramoita. Foram realizados três ciclos de seleção recorrente, com seleção de progênies autofecundadas (S1 e recombinação das melhores progênies para obtenção das populações melhoradas no primeiro (SR-1, segundo (SR-2 e terceiro (SR-3 ciclos. No método do "Single Seed Descent" (SSD as plantas foram autofecundadas por cinco gerações até a obtenção e avaliação de progênies S5. As nove melhores progênies foram selecionadas obtendo-se progênies endogâmicas selecionadas (SSD-1 a SSD-9 e essas progênies também foram intercruzadas para se obter a população P-SSD. Todas as populações obtidas (SR-1, SR-2, SR-3, P-SSD, SSD-1 a SSD-9, juntamente com a população original (cv. Piramoita, totalizando 14 tratamentos, foram avaliadas em um experimento em blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições e cinco plantas por parcela. As características avaliadas foram: produção de frutos (número e massa total e comercial, massa média de fruto comercial e taxa de frutos comerciais. Foram obtidos aumentos crescentes de produção de frutos comerciais com os ciclos de seleção recorrente, sendo a população SR-3 superior à 'Piramoita' para número de frutos por planta. Foi obtida uma progênie por SSD melhor que a população inicial e tão produtiva quanto à população SR-3. Deste modo, o método SSD pode vir a ser ótima alternativa no melhoramento genético de abobrinha, sem a necessidade de avaliação e seleção de progênies a cada safra, apenas quando essas já estiverem praticamente homozigotas.The objective of this work was to compare two breeding methods to improve fruit yield and quality in 'Piramoita' summer squash. Three cycles of recurrent selection were made, with evaluation and selection of S1 progenies and recombination of plants from selected progenies to obtain

A Proposal to Upgrade the Silicon Strip Detector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matis, Howard; Michael, LeVine; Jonathan, Bouchet; Stephane, Bouvier; Artemios, Geromitsos; Gerard, Guilloux; Sonia, Kabana; Christophe, Renard; Howard, Matis; Jim, Thomas; Vi Nham, Tram

2007-01-01

The STAR Silicon Strip Detector (SSD) was built by a collaboration of Nantes, Strasbourg and Warsaw collaborators. It is a beautiful detector; it can provide 500 mu m scale pointing resolution at the vertex when working in combination with the TPC. It was first used in Run 4, when half the SSD was installed in an engineering run. The full detector was installed for Run 5 (the Cu-Cu run) and the operation and performance of the detector was very successful. However, in preparation for Run 6, two noisy ladders (out of 20) were replaced and this required that the SSD be removed from the STAR detector. The re-installation of the SSD was not fully successful and so for the next two Runs, 6 and 7, the SSD suffered a cooling system failure that allowed a large fraction of the ladders to overheat and become noisy, or fail. (The cause of the SSD cooling failure was rather trivial but the SSD could not be removed between Runs 6 and 7 due to the inability of the STAR detector to roll along its tracks at that time.)

PARAMETERS COMPARSION OF LEADS DETECTION IN ARCTIC SEA ICE USING CRYOSAT-2 WAVEFORM DATA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. Li

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Leads are only a small part of the polar sea ice structure, but they play a dominant role on the turbulence exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere, they are also important factors about sea ice thickness inversion. Since the early 2000s, Satellite altimetry has been applied to monitor the Arctic sea ice thickness, Satellite altimetry data can be used to distinguish leads and sea ice. In this paper, four parameters including Pulse peakiness (PP, stack standard deviation (SSD, stack kurtosis (SKU and stack skewness (SSK are extracted from CryoSat-2 satellite altimetry waveform data. The four parameters are combined into five combinations (PP, PP&SSD, PP&SSD&SKU, PP&SSD&SSK, PP&SSD&SSK&SKU with constrain conditions to detect the leads. The results of the five methods are compared with MODIS (moderate-resolution imagining spectroradiometer images and show that, the combination of PP&SSD is better than the single PP, the rest of combinations are the same as the combination of PP&SSD. It turns out, there is no promotion when we add SSK and SKU, successively or simultaneously.

Symptoms of sleep disorders and objective academic performance.

Science.gov (United States)

de Carvalho, Luciane Bizari Coin; do Prado, Lucila Bizari Fernandes; Ferrreira, Vanessa Ruotolo; da Rocha Figueiredo, Mariana Bezerra; Jung, Aline; de Morais, José Fausto; do Prado, Gilmar Fernandes

2013-09-01

We aimed to compare the academic performance of children with and without symptoms of sleep disorders (SSD). We distributed 5400 questionnaires (Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children [SDSC], Brazilian version) to 7- to 10-year-old children at public elementary schools in São Paulo, Brazil. We analyzed the academic grades of Portuguese (Port) and Mathematics (Math) in 2384 children (1224 girls; 51%). Grades were assigned on a scale of 0-10 and five was considered a passing grade. Children with symptoms of sleep disorders (SSD) and symptoms of sleep-breathing disorders (SSBD) were compared to children with no symptoms of SSD (no-SSD). Mean Port (6.6±2.2) and Math (6.3±2.2) grades were lower in children with SSD or sleep-breathing disorders (SBD) than those among children with no-SSD (Port, 7.1±2.1 and Math, 7.1±2.1; Pacademic performance in Math and Port. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Optimum inductively coupled plasma etching of fused silica to remove subsurface damage layer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jiang, Xiaolong; Liu, Ying, E-mail: liuychch@ustc.edu.cn; Liu, Zhengkun; Qiu, Keqiang; Xu, Xiangdong; Hong, Yilin; Fu, Shaojun

2015-11-15

Highlights: • SSD layer of fused silica is removed by ICP etch with surface roughness of 0.23 nm. • Metal contamination is successfully avoided by employing an isolation device. • Unique low-density plasma induced pitting damage is discovered and eliminated. • Lateral etching of SSD is avoided due to the improvement of etching anisotropy. - Abstract: In this work, we introduce an optimum ICP etching technique that successfully removes the subsurface damage (SSD) layer of fused silica without causing plasma induced surface damage (PISD) or lateral etching of SSD. As one of the commonest PISD initiators, metal contamination from reactor chamber is prevented by employing a simple isolation device. Based on this device, a unique low-density pitting damage is discovered and subsequently eliminated by optimizing the etching parameters. Meanwhile etching anisotropy also improves a lot, thus preventing the lateral etching of SSD. Using this proposed technique, SSD layer of fused silica is successfully removed with a surface roughness of 0.23 nm.

Plasticity in sexual size dimorphism and Rensch's rule in Mediterranean blennies (Blenniidae)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lengkeek, W.; Didderen, K.; Cote, I. M.; van der Zee, E. M.; Snoek, R. C.; Reynolds, J. D.

2008-01-01

Comparative analyses of sexual size dimorphism (SSD) across species have led to the discovery of Rensch's rule. This rule states that SSD increases with body size when males are the largest sex, but decreases with increasing size when females are larger. Within-species comparisons of SSD in fish are

Somatic symptom disorder treated with electroconvulsive therapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Borisovskaya, Anna; Augsburger, Jay Alan

2017-05-01

Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is a challenging condition to treat with chronic pain, a common and disabling symptom. We present a patient who received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for SSD with significant improvement in pain and gastrointestinal symptoms. We also present a brief literature review of similar cases treated with ECT. Preliminary evidence suggests that ECT should be considered for treatment of SSD comorbid with major depressive disorder, when standard treatments fail. Further research is needed to clarify whether ECT can be used for SSD without associated depression.

The effects of spinal support device on pain and extensibility of the hamstrings in patients with non-specific low back pain

OpenAIRE

Jeon, Eun Tae; Jung, Jin-Hwa; Moon, Jong Hoon; Jung, Kyoung-Sim; Won, Young Sik; Kim, Sung-Jin; Hahm, Suk-Chan; Cho, Hwi-Young

2017-01-01

[Purpose] The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of spinal support device (SSD) on pain and hamstring extensibility in patients with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). [Subjects and Methods] 20 patients with NSLBP were recruited and randomly assigned to either the SSD group or the control group. In the SSD group, SSD was applied; in the control group, bed rest in supine position was performed. Both groups underwent treatment 20?min/day, 3 times a week, for a duration of 4...

WAKONYOUSAI. Con corazón japonés, al estilo occidental. Objetualidad en el espacio doméstico japonés en el periodo 1850-1880: aprendiendo a convivir con la silla

OpenAIRE

Nadia Vasileva

2015-01-01

El periodo más drástico en el desarrollo del espacio doméstico japonés es el designado con el término wakonyousai –literalmente, con corazón japonés/al estilo occidental– y abarca el final del período Edo y el principio del Meiji. Iniciada con la reforma de estado, la implementación de estructuras espaciales occidentales, doctrinas políticas y sociales, así como nuevas prácticas en la vida diaria, se convierte durante la era siguiente en un arma ideológica para crear un nuevo “moderno Ja...

Saikosaponin D relieves unpredictable chronic mild stress induced depressive-like behavior in rats: involvement of HPA axis and hippocampal neurogenesis.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Hong-Yan; Zhao, Ying-Hua; Zeng, Min-Jie; Fang, Fang; Li, Min; Qin, Ting-Ting; Ye, Lu-Yu; Li, Hong-Wei; Qu, Rong; Ma, Shi-Ping

2017-11-01

Saikosaponin D (SSD), a major bioactive component isolated from Radix Bupleuri, has been reported to exert neuroprotective properties. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-depressant-like effects and the potential mechanisms of SSD. Behavioural tests including sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT) and forced swim test (FST) were performed to study the antidepressant-like effects of SSD. In addition, we examined corticosterone and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels to evaluate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function. Furthermore, hippocampal neurogenesis was assessed by testing doublecortin (DCX) levels, and neurotrophic molecule levels were also investigated in the hippocampus of rats. We found that unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) rats displayed lost body weight, decreased sucrose consumption in SPT, reduced locomotive activity in OFT, and increased immobility time in FST. Chronic treatment with SSD (0.75, 1.50 mg/kg) remarkably ameliorated the behavioral deficiency induced by UCMS procedure. SSD administration downregulated elevated serum corticosterone levels, as well as alleviated the suppression of GR expression and nuclear translocation caused by UCMS, suggesting that SSD is able to remit the dysfunction of HPA axis. In addition, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSD treatment significantly increased the generation of neurons in the hippocampus of UCMS rats indicated by elevated DCX levels. Moreover, hippocampal neurotrophic molecule levels of UCMS rats such as phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (p-CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were raised after SSD treatment. Together, Our results suggest that SSD opposed UCMS-induced depressive behaviors in rats, which was mediated, partially, by the enhancement of HPA axis function and consolidation of hippocampal neurogenesis.

Saikosaponin d induces cell death through caspase-3-dependent, caspase-3-independent and mitochondrial pathways in mammalian hepatic stellate cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, Ming-Feng; Huang, S. Joseph; Huang, Chao-Cheng; Liu, Pei-Shan; Lin, Kun-I; Liu, Ching-Wen; Hsieh, Wen-Chuan; Shiu, Li-Yen; Chen, Chang-Han

2016-01-01

Saikosaponin d (SSd) is one of the main active triterpene saponins in Bupleurum falcatum. It has a steroid-like structure, and is reported to have pharmacological activities, including liver protection in rat, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction in several cancer cell lines. However, the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of mammalian cells under SSd treatment are still unclear. The cytotoxicity and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) upon SSd treatment were discovered by MTT assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry. The collage I/III, caspase activity and apoptotic related genes were examined by quantitative PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence and ELISA. The mitochondrial functions were monitored by flow cytometry, MitoTracker staining, ATP production and XF24 bioenergetic assay. This study found that SSd triggers cell death via an apoptosis path. An example of this path might be typical apoptotic morphology, increased sub-G1 phase cell population, inhibition of cell proliferation and activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. However, the apoptotic effects induced by SSd are partially blocked by the caspase-3 inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK, suggesting that SSd may trigger both HSC-T6 and LX-2 cell apoptosis through caspase-3-dependent and independent pathways. We also found that SSd can trigger BAX and BAK translocation from the cytosol to the mitochondria, resulting in mitochondrial function inhibition, membrane potential disruption. Finally, SSd also increases the release of apoptotic factors. The overall analytical data indicate that SSd-elicited cell death may occur through caspase-3-dependent, caspase-3-independent and mitochondrial pathways in mammalian HSCs, and thus can delay the formation of liver fibrosis by reducing the level of HSCs

Comparative study of colorectal carcinoma examination with four postprocessing of CT colonography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mingyue, Luo; Kangrong, Zhou [The 3rd Affilated Hospital Sun Yat-sen Univ. of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou (China). Dept. of Radiology

2001-10-01

Objective: To study the clinical value of colorectal carcinoma examination by comparison of different postprocessing techniques such as multiplanar reformation (MPR), CT virtual colonoscopy (CTVC), shaded surface display (SSD) and Raysum. Methods: 64 patients with colorectal carcinomas underwent volume scanning using spiral CT. MPR, CTVC, SSD and Raysum images were obtained by using 4 different software in workstation. All cases were proved by surgical or CC biotic histology. The results were compared and analyzed according to the circumferential extension, length and pathologic patterns of colorectal carcinoma with MPR, CTVC, SSD and Raysum. Results: The correction rate of determination the circumferential extension of colorectal carcinoma with MPR, CTVC, SSD and Raysum were 100.0%, 82.8%, 79.7% and 79.7%, respectively. There was significant statistical difference between MPR and CTVC; The accuracy of judging the length of carcinoma were 89.1%, 76.6%, 95.3% and 100.0%, respectively. There was statistical difference between CTVC and SSD; The accuracy of showing carcinoma pathologic patterns were 81.3%, 92.2%, 71.9% and 71.0%, respectively. There was statistical difference between CTVC and SSD, too. MPR could correctly determine the circumferential extension of colorectal carcinoma. In determination the length of carcinoma, Raysum was more accurate than SSD. CTVC could be more helpful in showing carcinoma pathologic patterns. Conclusion: There were advantages and disadvantages in colorectal carcinoma examination with MPR, CTVC, SSD and Raysum, and the combination could display colorectal carcinoma more completely and comprehensively.

Comparative study of colorectal carcinoma examination with four postprocessing of CT colonography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luo Mingyue; Zhou Kangrong

2001-01-01

Objective: To study the clinical value of colorectal carcinoma examination by comparison of different postprocessing techniques such as multiplanar reformation (MPR), CT virtual colonoscopy (CTVC), shaded surface display (SSD) and Raysum. Methods: 64 patients with colorectal carcinomas underwent volume scanning using spiral CT. MPR, CTVC, SSD and Raysum images were obtained by using 4 different software in workstation. All cases were proved by surgical or CC biotic histology. The results were compared and analyzed according to the circumferential extension, length and pathologic patterns of colorectal carcinoma with MPR, CTVC, SSD and Raysum. Results: The correction rate of determination the circumferential extension of colorectal carcinoma with MPR, CTVC, SSD and Raysum were 100.0%, 82.8%, 79.7% and 79.7%, respectively. There was significant statistical difference between MPR and CTVC; The accuracy of judging the length of carcinoma were 89.1%, 76.6%, 95.3% and 100.0%, respectively. There was statistical difference between CTVC and SSD; The accuracy of showing carcinoma pathologic patterns were 81.3%, 92.2%, 71.9% and 71.0%, respectively. There was statistical difference between CTVC and SSD, too. MPR could correctly determine the circumferential extension of colorectal carcinoma. In determination the length of carcinoma, Raysum was more accurate than SSD. CTVC could be more helpful in showing carcinoma pathologic patterns. Conclusion: There were advantages and disadvantages in colorectal carcinoma examination with MPR, CTVC, SSD and Raysum, and the combination could display colorectal carcinoma more completely and comprehensively

Incidencia del factor académico en la deserción estudiantil: caso programa de Contaduría Pública, de la Facultad de Estudios a Distancia de la UMNG, periodo 2013-II a 2014–II

OpenAIRE

Nieto Echeverry, José Ramiro; Wells Lascano, Marsa Kamala

2017-01-01

El presente trabajo abordó la deserción estudiantil universitaria, específicamente en el programa de Contaduría Pública, en la modalidad distancia y virtual, a través de un estudio de caso ocurrido en el periodo 2013-II a 2014 II, en la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada; haciendo énfasis en el factor condiciones académicas con el propósito de favorecer la comprensión de las posibles causas y consecuencias del fenómeno, para ofrecer conclusiones y recomendaciones que permitan la disminución d...

Equal temperature-size responses of the sexes are widespread within arthropod species

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hirst, Andrew G.; Horne, Curtis; Atkinson, David

2015-01-01

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is often affected by environmental conditions, but the effect of temperature on SSD in ectotherms still requires rigorous investigation. We compared the plastic responses of size-at-maturity to temperature between males and females within 85 diverse arthropod species...... of animal body sizes, variation in degree of SSD and differences in the sign of the T-S response. We find no support for Rensch's rule, which predicts greater variation in male size, or indeed the reverse, greater female size variation. SSD shows no systematic temperature dependence in any of the 17...

Ranking Performance Measures in Multi-Task Agencies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Peter Ove; Sabac, Florin; Tian, Joyce

2010-01-01

We derive sufficient conditions for ranking performance evaluation systems in multi-task agency models (using both optimal and linear contracts) in terms of a second-order stochastic dominance (SSD) condition on the likelihood ratios. The SSD condition can be replaced by a variance-covariance mat......We derive sufficient conditions for ranking performance evaluation systems in multi-task agency models (using both optimal and linear contracts) in terms of a second-order stochastic dominance (SSD) condition on the likelihood ratios. The SSD condition can be replaced by a variance...

Down-regulation of PRKCB1 expression in Han Chinese patients with subsyndromal symptomatic depression.

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, Xiaoyun; Li, Zezhi; Zhang, Chen; Yi, Zhenghui; Li, Haozhe; Cao, Lan; Yuan, Chengmei; Hong, Wu; Wu, Zhiguo; Peng, Daihui; Chen, Jun; Xia, Weiping; Zhao, Guoqing; Wang, Fan; Yu, Shunying; Cui, Donghong; Xu, Yifeng; Golam, Chowdhury M I; Smith, Alicia K; Wang, Tong; Fang, Yiru

2015-10-01

Subsyndromal symptomatic depression (SSD) is a common disease with significant social dysfunction. However, SSD is still not well understood and the pathophysiology of it remains unclear. We classified 48 candidate genes for SSD according to our previous study into clusters and pathways using DAVID Bioinformatics Functional Annotation Tool. We further replicated the result by using real-time Quantitative PCR (qPCR) studies to examine the expression of identified genes (i.e., STAT5b, PKCB1, ABL1 and NRAS) in another group of Han Chinese patients with SSD (n = 50). We further validated the result by examining PRKCB1 expression collected from MDD patients (n = 20). To test whether a deficit in PRKCB1 expression leads to dysregulation in PRKCB1 dependent transcript networks, we tested mRNA expression levels for the remaining 44 genes out of 48 genes in SSD patients. Finally, the power of discovery was improved by incorporating information from Quantitative Trait (eQTL) analysis. The results showed that the PRCKB1 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was 33.3% down-regulated in SSD patients (n = 48, t = 3.202, p = 0.002), and a more dramatic (n = 17, 49%) down-regulation in MDD patients than control (n = 49, t = 2.114, p = 0.001). We also identified 37 genes that displayed a strong correlation with PRKCB1 mRNA expression levels in SSD patients. The expression of PRKCB1 was regulated by multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) both at the transcript level and exon level. In conclusion, we first found a significant decrease of PRCKB1 mRNA expression in SSD, suggesting PRKCB1 might be the candidate gene and biomarker for SSD. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Breast cancer mortality in mexico: an age-period-cohort analysis Mortalidad por cáncer de mama en méxico: un análisis de edad-periodo-cohorte

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Franco-Marina

2009-01-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To assess the age, period and cohort effects on breast cancer (BC mortality in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Age, period and cohort curvature trends for BC mortality were estimated through the Poisson Regression model proposed by Holford. RESULTS: Nationally, BC death rates have leveled off since 1995 in most age groups. BC mortality trends are mainly determined by birth cohort and age effects in Mexico. Women born between 1940 and 1955 show the highest rate of increase in BC mortality. Women born afterwards still show an increasing trend but at a much lower rate. Mammography and adjuvant therapy have had a limited impact on mortality. Potential reasons for observed patterns are discussed. An increase in BC mortality in Mexico is expected in the following decades. CONCLUSIONS: Mammography screening programs and timely access to effective treatment should be a national priority to reverse the expected increasing BC mortality trend.OBJETIVO: Evaluar efectos de edad-periodo-cohorte en la mortalidad por cáncer de mama (CaMa en México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Las tendencias de los efectos de edad-periodo-cohorte fueron estimados mediante un modelo de regresión de Poisson propuesto por Holford. RESULTADOS: Las tasas de mortalidad por CaMa se han estabilizado en la mayoría de los grupos de edad desde 1995 y están determinadas principalmente por efectos de cohorte y edad. Las mujeres nacidas entre 1940 y 1955 muestran los mayores aumentos en la mortalidad en comparación con las nacidas después de este período. La mamografía y la terapia adyuvante han tenido un impacto limitado sobre la mortalidad. Se discuten posibles explicaciones de las tendencias observadas. En las siguientes décadas se espera continúe aumentando la mortalidad por CaMa. CONCLUSIONES: El acceso a mamografía y a tratamiento oportuno y efectivo debieran ser una prioridad para revertir la tendencia creciente esperada de la mortalidad por CM.

Análisis de la Calidad del Agua del Río Bogotá Dura nte el Periodo 2008 – 2015 a Par tir de Herra mientas de Minería de Datos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mario Fernando Castro Fernández

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Actualmente, llevar a cabo acciones que reduzcan el impacto ambiental en todo tipo de procesos, tanto industriales, como comerciales o de la vida cotidiana, son preocupaciones pertinentes [1]being them social, scientific, cultural, economical or political. Environmental sensing and monitoring initiatives will be gratified by new Information System (IS. Con la llegada del big data, los grandes volúmenes de datos con una relación armónica de “gente – tierra - tiempo” entró gradualmente en el campo de la gestiónde recursos naturales [2]. A diferencia de la cantidad de agua, dato que se puede expresar en términos precisos, la calidad es un atributo de múltiples parámetros. Este proceso arroja un volumen considerablede datos, que finalmente se almacenan en las tablas de datos, pero que no se traducen en información inteligible que describa el estado de la masa de agua. Los índices de calidad del agua -ICA- se convierten en una herramienta de fácil comunicación de la información científica de expertos al público en general [3]. Las anteriores razones motivan la exploración de las diferentes herramientas de minería de datos que día tras día hacen presencia en el mundo. Se logró acceder a los monitoreos realizados a lacuenca del río Bogotá durante el periodo comprendido entre 2007 – 2015. Con esta información se realizó el cálculo de los Indicadores de Calidad del Agua para cada una de las estaciones monitoreadas y cada uno de los diferentes periodos estudiados, logrando, así, analizar y evaluar el espacio temporal de la calidad del río Bogotá.

Prevalence and impact of short sleep duration in redeployed OIF soldiers.

Science.gov (United States)

Luxton, David D; Greenburg, David; Ryan, Jenny; Niven, Alexander; Wheeler, Gary; Mysliwiec, Vincent

2011-09-01

Short sleep duration (SSD) is common among deployed soldiers. The prevalence of SSD during redeployment, however, is unknown. Cross-sectional study of a brigade combat team (n = 3152 US Army soldiers) surveyed 90-180 days after completing a 6-15 month deployment to Iraq as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). Survey items targeted sleep habits and comorbid medical conditions. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios of medical comorbidities associated with SSD. US Army Infantry Post. All soldiers from a redeploying brigade combat team participated in a health assessment between 90 and 180 days upon return to Ft. Lewis from Iraq. None. A total of 2738 (86.9%) soldiers answered questions regarding self-perceived sleep and were included in the analysis. Mean sleep duration was 5.8 ± 1.2 hours. Nineteen hundred fifty-nine (72%) slept ≤ 6 h, but only 16% reported a daytime nap or felt their job performance was affected due to lack of sleep. Short sleep was more common among soldiers who reported combat exposure. After controlling for combat exposure, short sleep duration (SSD) was associated with symptoms of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic syndrome, and with high-risk health behaviors such as abuse of tobacco and alcohol products, and suicide attempts. SSD is common among redeployed soldiers. Soldiers who experienced combat are at increased risk for persistent SSD and comorbidities associated with SSD. Efforts to reestablish good sleep habits and aggressive evaluation of soldiers with persistent SSD following deployment may aid in the prevention and management of associated medical conditions.

Clinical value of DSM IV and DSM 5 criteria for diagnosing the most prevalent somatoform disorders in patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS).

Science.gov (United States)

van Dessel, Nikki Claassen-; van der Wouden, Johannes C; Dekker, Joost; van der Horst, Henriette E

2016-03-01

This study aimed (1) to describe frequencies of DSM IV somatisation disorder, undifferentiated somatoform disorder and pain disorder versus DSM 5 somatic symptom disorder (SSD) in a multi-setting population of patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS), (2) to investigate differences in sociodemographic and (psycho)pathological characteristics between these diagnostic groups and (3) to explore the clinical relevance of the distinction between mild and moderate DSM 5 SSD. We used baseline data of a cohort of 325 MUPS patients. Measurements included questionnaires about symptom severity, physical functioning, anxiety, depression, health anxiety and illness perceptions. These questionnaires were used as proxy measures for operationalization of DSM IV and DSM 5 diagnostic criteria. 92.9% of participants fulfilled criteria of a DSM IV somatoform disorder, while 45.5% fulfilled criteria of DSM 5 SSD. Participants fulfilling criteria of DSM 5 SSD suffered from more severe symptoms than those only fulfilling criteria of a DSM IV somatoform disorder(mean PHQ-15 score of 13.98 (SD 5.17) versus 11.23 (SD 4.71), P-valuephysical functioning was significantly lower. Compared to patients with mild SSD, patients with moderate SSD suffered from significantly lower physical functioning and higher levels of depression. Within a population of MUPS patients DSM 5 SSD criteria are more restrictive than DSM IV criteria for somatoform disorders. They are associated with higher symptom severity and lower physical functioning. However, further specification of the positive psychological criteria of DSM 5 SSD may improve utility in research and practice. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

SU-E-T-623: Delivery of 3D Conformal Proton-Therapy Fields at Extended Source- To-Axis Distances

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kryck, E; Slopsema, R [University of Florida Proton Therapy Institute, Jacksonville, Florida (United States)

2014-06-15

Purpose: To evaluate the dosimetric properties of proton dose distributions delivered at extended source-to-skin distances (SSD). Methods: Radiation was delivered with a gantry-mounted proton double scattering system (Proteus 230, IBA). This system has a maximum field diameter of 24 cm at isocenter and a nominal source-to-axis distance of 230 cm. Dose was measured at nominal SSD as well as at -10, +10, +25, +50, +75, and +100 cm for several range and modulation width combinations. Depth dose distributions were measured with a multi-layer ionization chamber (MLIC), and lateral dose distributions with a 2D ionization chamber array as well as with a diode in a water phantom. Results: The maximum field diameter was found to increase from 24.0 cm at nominal SSD to 29.1 cm and 33.3 cm at +50 cm and +100 cm respectively. Field flatness remained below 3% for all SSD. Tilt in the spread-out Bragg peak depth dose distribution increased with SSD up to 0.4 %-per-g/cm2 at +100 cm. The measured range decreased with 1.1x10-3 g/cm2 per centimeter shift in SSD due to proton energy loss in air, very close to the theoretically calculated value of 1.06x10-3 g/cm3. The output and dose rate decrease with the inverse of the SSD squared as expected. Conclusion: Extending the SSD up to 100 cm increases the maximum field diameter from 24.0 cm to 33.3 cm while the dose uniformity remains acceptable.

Differential Diagnosis of Speech Sound Disorders in Danish-speaking Children

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Clausen, Marit Carolin; Fox-Boyer, Anette

in selecting the right intervention approach to resolve the SSD. Different quantitative and qualitative measurements are currently used to subgroup children with SSD. A quantitative method of classifying children is by accuracy of their productions. According to this approach, the severity of children’s SSD...... and clinical decision-making about the need for intervention should not be based on the quantitative approach only. A qualitative classification approach is needed for a distinct subgrouping of children with SSD whereas PCC-A can be used as additional information about the severity of the SSD. Keywords: speech...... is classified by calculating the percentage of correctly produced consonants (i.e. percentage consonants correct, PCC-A) (Shriberg et al., 1997). Alternatively, a qualitative approach seeks to ascertain which types of phonological processes are present in children’s speech, i.e. developmental or idiosyncratic...

Modulation of HPA axis response to social stress in schizophrenia by childhood trauma.

Science.gov (United States)

Lange, Claudia; Huber, Christian G; Fröhlich, Daniela; Borgwardt, Stefan; Lang, Undine E; Walter, Marc

2017-08-01

HPA axis functioning plays an important role in the etiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). However, only few studies have examined HPA axis responsivity to psychosocial stress in SSD, and results are heterogeneous. Furthermore, childhood trauma is known to influence psychopathology and treatment outcome in SSD, but studies on the influence of childhood trauma on stress related HPA axis activity are missing. The purpose of this study was to investigate cortisol response to a psychosocial stress challenge in SSD patients, and to examine its association with severity of childhood trauma. The present study included 25 subacutely ill patients with a current episode of a chronic SSD and 25 healthy controls. Participants underwent the modified Trier Social Stress Test, and salivary cortisol levels were assessed. The childhood trauma questionnaire was used to assess severity of adverse life events. Overall, cortisol response was blunted in the patient group compared to the control group (pchildhood trauma experience: responders had experienced more emotional abuse in their past (pchildhood trauma might influence stress-related HPA axis activity in SSD. Our data contribute to the hypothesis that severity of childhood trauma may be of pathophysiological relevance in schizophrenia. In addition, it may be an overlooked factor contributing to inconsistent findings regarding HPA axis response to psychosocial stress in SSD. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Do predictions from Species Sensitivity Distributions match with field data?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smetanová, S.; Bláha, L.; Liess, M.; Schäfer, R.B.; Beketov, M.A.

2014-01-01

Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) is a statistical model that can be used to predict effects of contaminants on biological communities, but only few comparisons of this model with field studies have been conducted so far. In the present study we used measured pesticides concentrations from streams in Germany, France, and Finland, and we used SSD to calculate msPAF (multiple substance potentially affected fraction) values based on maximum toxic stress at localities. We compared these SSD-based predictions with the actual effects on stream invertebrates quantified by the SPEAR pesticides bioindicator. The results show that the msPAFs correlated well with the bioindicator, however, the generally accepted SSD threshold msPAF of 0.05 (5% of species are predicted to be affected) severely underestimated the observed effects (msPAF values causing significant effects are 2–1000-times lower). These results demonstrate that validation with field data is required to define the appropriate thresholds for SSD predictions. - Highlights: • We validated the statistical model Species Sensitivity Distribution with field data. • Good correlation was found between the model predictions and observed effects. • But, the generally accepted threshold msPAF 0.05 severely underestimated the effects. - Comparison of the SSD-based prediction with the field data evaluated with the SPEAR pesticides index shows that SSD threshold msPAF of 0.05 severely underestimates the effects observed in the field

Only half right: species with female-biased sexual size dimorphism consistently break Rensch's rule.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thomas J Webb

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Most animal species display Sexual Size Dimorphism (SSD: males and females consistently attain different sizes, most frequently with females being larger than males. However the selective mechanisms driving patterns of SSD remain controversial. 'Rensch's rule' proposes a general scaling phenomenon for all taxa, whereby SSD increases with average body size when males are larger than females, and decreases with body size when females are larger than males. Rensch's rule appears to be general in the former case, but there is little evidence for the rule when females are larger then males.Using comprehensive data for 1291 species of birds across 30 families, we find strong support for Rensch's rule in families where males are typically larger than females, but no overall support for the rule in families with female-biased SSD. Reviewing previous studies of a broad range of taxa (arthropods, reptiles, fish and birds showing predominantly female-biased SSD, we conclude that Rensch's conjecture is the exception rather than the rule in such species.The absence of consistent scaling of SSD in taxa with female-biased SSD, the most prevalent direction of dimorphism, calls into question previous general evolutionary explanations for Rensch's rule. We propose that, unlike several other ecological scaling relationships, Rensch's rule does not exist as an independent scaling phenomenon.

Phylogeny suggests nondirectional and isometric evolution of sexual size dimorphism in argiopine spiders.

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, Ren-Chung; Kuntner, Matjaž

2014-10-01

Sexual dimorphism describes substantial differences between male and female phenotypes. In spiders, sexual dimorphism research almost exclusively focuses on size, and recent studies have recovered steady evolutionary size increases in females, and independent evolutionary size changes in males. Their discordance is due to negative allometric size patterns caused by different selection pressures on male and female sizes (converse Rensch's rule). Here, we investigated macroevolutionary patterns of sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in Argiopinae, a global lineage of orb-weaving spiders with varying degrees of SSD. We devised a Bayesian and maximum-likelihood molecular species-level phylogeny, and then used it to reconstruct sex-specific size evolution, to examine general hypotheses and different models of size evolution, to test for sexual size coevolution, and to examine allometric patterns of SSD. Our results, revealing ancestral moderate sizes and SSD, failed to reject the Brownian motion model, which suggests a nondirectional size evolution. Contrary to predictions, male and female sizes were phylogenetically correlated, and SSD evolution was isometric. We interpret these results to question the classical explanations of female-biased SSD via fecundity, gravity, and differential mortality. In argiopines, SSD evolution may be driven by these or additional selection mechanisms, but perhaps at different phylogenetic scales. © 2014 The Author(s). Evolution © 2014 The Society for the Study of Evolution.

Control de inventarios en el proceso operativo contable de la clínica veterinaria ¨Vinyo¨ de la ciudad de Machala en el periodo de julio a diciembre del año 2013

OpenAIRE

Noboa Pinta, Alexandra Isabel

2015-01-01

El presente trabajo de investigación sobre el “Control de inventarios en el proceso operativo contable de la clínica veterinaria ¨Vinyo¨ de la ciudad de Machala en el periodo de julio a diciembre del año 2013”, tiene relación con la adecuada gestión de los inventarios, que es uno de los más grandes desafíos internos que enfrenta la Empresa. Los inventarios están relacionados con la cantidad suficiente de bienes o artículos, que garanticen una operación constante y fluida de la actividad comer...

A comparative study to evaluate the effect of honey dressing and silver sulfadiazene dressing on wound healing in burn patients

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Baghel P

2009-01-01

Full Text Available To compare the effect of honey dressing and silver-sulfadiazene (SSD dressing on wound healing in burn patients. Patients (n=78 of both sexes, with age group between 10 and 50 years and with first and second degree of burn of less than 50% of TBSA (Total body surface area were included in the study, over a period of 2 years (2006-08. After stabilization, patients were randomly attributed into two groups: ′honey group′ and ′SSD group′. Time elapsed since burn was recorded. After washing with normal saline, undiluted pure honey was applied over the wounds of patients in the honey group (n=37 and SSD cream over the wounds of patients in SSD group (n=41, everyday. Wound was dressed with sterile gauze, cotton pads and bandaged. Status of the wound was assessed every third and seventh day and on the day of completion of study. Patients were followed up every fortnight till epithelialization. The bacteriological examination of the wound was done every seventh day. The mean age for case (honey group and control (SSD group was 34.5 years and 28.5 years, respectively. Wound swab culture was positive in 29 out of 36 patients who came within 8 hours of burn and in all patients who came after 24 hours. The average duration of healing in patients treated with honey and SSD dressing at any time of admission was 18.16 and 32.68 days, respectively. Wound of all those patients (100% who reported within 1 hour became sterile with honey dressing in less than 7 days while none with SSD. All of the wounds became sterile in less than 21 days with honey, while tthis was so in only 36.5% with SSD treated wounds. The honey group included 33 patients reported within 24 hour of injury, and 26 out of them had complete outcome at 2 months of follow-up, while numbers for the SSD group were 32 and 12. Complete outcome for any admission point of time after 2 months was noted in 81% and 37% of patients in the honey group and the SSD group. Honey dressing improves wound

Análisis de la evolución del turismo, sector alojamiento, en la Zona Turística Especial Centro Histórico de Quito, para determinar los impactos de esta actividad, durante el periodo 2003 – 2013

OpenAIRE

Quevedo Cazares, Diana Inés

2015-01-01

El presente proyecto, cuyo objetivo es analizar la evolución del turismo, sector alojamiento, en la Zona Turística Especial en el Centro Histórico de Quito (ZET CHQ), para determinar los impactos de esta actividad, durante el periodo 2003 – 2013 y así desarrollar las bases para una propuesta de política pública orientada a la sostenibilidad. Abarca el desarrollo de varios aspectos, los cuales van desde lo teórico y conceptual, hasta la aplicabilidad de estrategias que ayuden al sector bajo es...

Social cognition in patients with schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders with and without psychotic features

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

George C. Nitzburg

2015-03-01

Conclusions: MSCEIT deficits were found in SSD but not BD− or BD+, suggesting that social cognition may represent an underlying difference between SSD and BD. However, variance in MSCEIT performance among BD patients may also suggest latent BD subgroups characterized by social-cognitive deficits. Findings can help inform future investigations into how social cognition and social brain development differ between SSD and BD.

Análisis de la emisión de bonos corporativos y sus efectos sobre la creación de valor de las empresas en Colombia para el periodo 1999-2009

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Román Leonardo Villarreal Ramos

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Este documento realiza un análisis sobre las estructuras de financiamientode las grandes empresas en Colombia y sus efectos en la creación de valorpara el periodo de 1999-2009. En primera instancia, el artículo aborda unarevisión teórica sobre la creación de valor y las estructuras de capital; en unsegundo momento, se clasifican y caracterizan las empresas en Colombia porsus estructuras de financiamiento, y en una tercera etapa, se realiza el cálculodel valor económico agregado (EVA para las grandes empresas en Colombia.Los cálculos se realizan con base en los datos del Sistema de Información yRiesgo Empresarial (Sirem de la Superintendencia de Sociedades.

Dlouhodobý program ČSSD

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Linek, Lukáš

2003-01-01

Roč. 9, 7-8 (2003), s. 30-32 ISSN 1211-037X R&D Projects: GA ČR GA407/02/0679 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : social democracy * political parties * ideology Subject RIV: AD - Politology ; Political Sciences

Protecting SSD Data Against Attacks

Science.gov (United States)

Marelli, A.; Micheloni, R.

When a drive is broken and we have to throw it away, we want to be sure that no hackers can recover the data stored in that disk, especially in the enterprise environment where sensitive date are stored on the drive, such as financial transactions or military applications.

'Commitment' secures rooftop SSD contract.

Science.gov (United States)

Davies, John

2010-01-01

John Davies, operations manager of multi-disciplinary mechanical and electrical and construction contractor cfes, describes a "turnkey" project that the company is undertaking for the Yeovil District Hospital (YDH) NHS Foundation Trust, involving both the design and construction of a new sterile services department, and substantial input into the facility's subsequent operation and management.

Aspetti di continuità di lungo periodo dell’architettura di Venezia e osservazione sulla tipicità di alcuni processi di stratificazione

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Trovò, Francesco

2010-12-01

principale manifestazione di tale prudenza è evidente nel periodo del rinascimento. Oltre alle tematiche maggiormente studiate come il concetto di tipo edilizio, anche le facciate, il luogo di maggior trasformazione, consentono la ricerca di dinamiche periodiche e caratterizzanti, soprattutto sui fronti che presentano aggiornamenti stilistici e una nuova composizione delle parti. Alcune facciate esterne hanno mantenuto una caratterizzazione specifica ben osservabile; in tal modo possono essere associate ad un preciso periodo stilistico-morfologico. Altre facciate sono stratificate, per la presenza di differenti fasi costruttive, leggibili attraverso diversi elementi (finestre, cornici…. Dopo l’illustrazione dei diversi processi di stratificazione su circa 40 casi studio, osservabili attraverso una lettura macroscopica, vengono descritte alcune modalità seguite nei processi di nuova composizione, leggibili a partire dal riconoscimento delle differenti unità stratigrafiche: risulta chiaro che il più importante principio è la ricerca di simmetria. Nell’ultima parte dell’articolo vengono descritti alcuni modi di intervento, sottolineando alcuni casi significativi.

Effects of maltreatment and parental schizophrenia spectrum disorders on early childhood social-emotional functioning: a population record linkage study.

Science.gov (United States)

Matheson, S L; Kariuki, M; Green, M J; Dean, K; Harris, F; Tzoumakis, S; Tarren-Sweeney, M; Brinkman, S; Chilvers, M; Sprague, T; Carr, V J; Laurens, K R

2017-12-01

Childhood maltreatment and a family history of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) are each associated with social-emotional dysfunction in childhood. Both are also strong risk factors for adult SSDs, and social-emotional dysfunction in childhood may be an antecedent of these disorders. We used data from a large Australian population cohort to determine the independent and moderating effects of maltreatment and parental SSDs on early childhood social-emotional functioning. The New South Wales Child Development Study combines intergenerational multi-agency data using record linkage methods. Multiple measures of social-emotional functioning (social competency, prosocial/helping behaviour, anxious/fearful behaviour; aggressive behaviour, and hyperactivity/inattention) on 69 116 kindergarten children (age ~5 years) were linked with government records of child maltreatment and parental presentations to health services for SSD. Multivariable analyses investigated the association between maltreatment and social-emotional functioning, adjusting for demographic variables and parental SSD history, in the population sample and in sub-cohorts exposed and not exposed to parental SSD history. We also examined the association of parental SSD history and social-emotional functioning, adjusting for demographic variables and maltreatment. Medium-sized associations were identified between maltreatment and poor social competency, aggressive behaviour and hyperactivity/inattention; small associations were revealed between maltreatment and poor prosocial/helping and anxious/fearful behaviours. These associations did not differ greatly when adjusted for parental SSD, and were greater in magnitude among children with no history of parental SSD. Small associations between parental SSD and poor social-emotional functioning remained after adjusting for demographic variables and maltreatment. Childhood maltreatment and history of parental SSD are associated independently with poor early

Las temperaturas del territorio que se extiende desde el Cantábrico Oriental al Valle del Ebro durante el periodo internacional 1961-90

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javier M. Pejenaute Goñi

2001-01-01

Full Text Available El presente articulo tiene por objeto el estudio de las temperaturas en el territorio comprendido entre el Cantábrico oriental y el Valle del Ebro, durante el periodo internacional 1961-90. Este territorio está ocupado por las comunidades del País Vasco, Navarra, La Rioja y Aragón. Se estudian las temperaturas medias, las máximas, las mínimas, el coeficiente de variación y las heladas. También se incluye en el análisis anual, el estudio de la amplitud térmica, los quintiles y la tendencia futura.The present article aims at studying the temperatures in an área that goes from the cantábrico oriental and Valle del Ebro, for the international period of time going from 1961- 90. Four autonomous cornmunities. País Vasco, Navarra, La Rioja and Aragón, are included in this territory. The object of study will be the average, máximum and mínimum temperatures, as well as the coefficient of variation and freezes. It will also be included in the annual analysis. the study of thermal amplitude, quintiles, and future trend.

Optimal Skin-to-Stone Distance Is a Positive Predictor for Successful Outcomes in Upper Ureter Calculi following Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: A Bayesian Model Averaging Approach.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kang Su Cho

Full Text Available To investigate whether skin-to-stone distance (SSD, which remains controversial in patients with ureter stones, can be a predicting factor for one session success following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL in patients with upper ureter stones.We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1,519 patients who underwent their first ESWL between January 2005 and December 2013. Among these patients, 492 had upper ureter stones that measured 4-20 mm and were eligible for our analyses. Maximal stone length, mean stone density (HU, and SSD were determined on pretreatment non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT. For subgroup analyses, patients were divided into four groups. Group 1 consisted of patients with SSD<25th percentile, group 2 consisted of patients with SSD in the 25th to 50th percentile, group 3 patients had SSD in the 50th to 75th percentile, and group 4 patients had SSD≥75th percentile.In analyses of group 2 patients versus others, there were no statistical differences in mean age, stone length and density. However, the one session success rate in group 2 was higher than other groups (77.9% vs. 67.0%; P = 0.032. The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that shorter stone length, lower stone density, and the group 2 SSD were positive predictors for successful outcomes in ESWL. Using the Bayesian model-averaging approach, longer stone length, lower stone density, and group 2 SSD can be also positive predictors for successful outcomes following ESWL.Our data indicate that a group 2 SSD of approximately 10 cm is a positive predictor for success following ESWL.

Optical smoothing of laser imprinting in planar-target experiments on OMEGA EP using multi-FM 1-D smoothing by spectral dispersion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hohenberger, M., E-mail: mhoh@lle.rochester.edu; Shvydky, A.; Marozas, J. A.; Bonino, M. J.; Canning, D.; Collins, T. J. B.; Dorrer, C.; Kessler, T. J.; Kruschwitz, B. E.; McKenty, P. W.; Regan, S. P.; Sangster, T. C.; Zuegel, J. D. [Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623 (United States); Fiksel, G. [Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences (NERS), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (United States); Meyerhofer, D. D. [Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 (United States)

2016-09-15

Direct-drive ignition on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) requires single-beam smoothing to minimize imprinting of laser nonuniformities that can negatively affect implosion performance. One-dimensional, multi-FM smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD) has been proposed to provide the required smoothing [Marozas et al., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 55, 294 (2010)]. A prototype multi-FM SSD system has been integrated into the NIF-like beamline of the OMEGA EP Laser System. Experiments have been performed to verify the smoothing performance by measuring Rayleigh–Taylor growth rates in planar targets of laser-imprinted and preimposed surface modulations. Multi-FM 1-D SSD has been observed to reduce imprint levels by ∼50% compared to the nominal OMEGA EP SSD system. The experimental results are in agreement with 2-D DRACO simulations using realistic, time-dependent far-field spot-intensity calculations that emulate the effect of SSD.

Dal parco-spiaggia al paesaggio che in-segna: significati sovrapposti della natura intorno alla metropoli

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomaso Colombo

2013-03-01

Full Text Available The author, cultural manager of Parco Nord (Milano, points out the key elements of this periurbanpark that since the Seventies has been managing to turn out an outskirts in a new attractive point ofthe town.A park has not only an environmental meaning but also a cultural one: its identity may influencepeople’s behaviours, uses and expectations as well. Thus territorial and hystorical features becomeopportunities for cultural planning, and they are taken in account when devicing opportunities forfruition and animation, always aiming at reinforcing the parks’s own identity.Colombo articulates the three guiding principles that steer the park’s cultural planning, then he recallsseveral site-specific events, from Biodiversity festival, that takes place every year, to the theaterperformances in nature such as The third Step, a visionary walk through the park at night and at dawn,taken as a symbol of a certain way of doing culture strictly connected to a way of living in nature.

ALICE Silicon Strip Detector

CERN Multimedia

Nooren, G

2013-01-01

The Silicon Strip Detector (SSD) constitutes the two outermost layers of the Inner Tracking System (ITS) of the ALICE Experiment. The SSD plays a crucial role in the tracking of the particles produced in the collisions connecting the tracks from the external detectors (Time Projection Chamber) to the ITS. The SSD also contributes to the particle identification through the measurement of their energy loss.

Recursos bibliográficos disponibles en Internet sobre sustancias y residuos peligrosos y su influencia en el medio ambiente en el periodo 1975 a 2005

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javier Sanz-Valero

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Introducción. Internet se ha convertido en una fuente de información biomédica cada vez más utilizada. La documentación producida por las instituciones públicas y privadas, en relación con las sustancias peligrosas que se pueden recuperar en Internet, es fundamental para la prevención de este tipo de riesgos.Objetivo. Localizar y revisar los documentos disponibles en Internet sobre sustancias peligrosas, residuos peligrosos, incluyendo inertes, y su influencia en el medio ambiente en el periodo 1975 a 2005. Material y método. Estudio descriptivo transversal de los resultados de las búsquedas bibliográficas efectuadas en Internet, en las correspondientes bases de datos. Resultados. Se han reconocido 162 registros que cumplen con los requisitos señalados en la metodología preestablecida. Discusión. Con respecto a la documentación medioambiental pre- sente en Internet, parece conveniente incrementar su difusión y mejorar su clasificación y accesibilidad.

Speech sound disorder at 4 years: prevalence, comorbidities, and predictors in a community cohort of children.

Science.gov (United States)

Eadie, Patricia; Morgan, Angela; Ukoumunne, Obioha C; Ttofari Eecen, Kyriaki; Wake, Melissa; Reilly, Sheena

2015-06-01

The epidemiology of preschool speech sound disorder is poorly understood. Our aims were to determine: the prevalence of idiopathic speech sound disorder; the comorbidity of speech sound disorder with language and pre-literacy difficulties; and the factors contributing to speech outcome at 4 years. One thousand four hundred and ninety-four participants from an Australian longitudinal cohort completed speech, language, and pre-literacy assessments at 4 years. Prevalence of speech sound disorder (SSD) was defined by standard score performance of ≤79 on a speech assessment. Logistic regression examined predictors of SSD within four domains: child and family; parent-reported speech; cognitive-linguistic; and parent-reported motor skills. At 4 years the prevalence of speech disorder in an Australian cohort was 3.4%. Comorbidity with SSD was 40.8% for language disorder and 20.8% for poor pre-literacy skills. Sex, maternal vocabulary, socio-economic status, and family history of speech and language difficulties predicted SSD, as did 2-year speech, language, and motor skills. Together these variables provided good discrimination of SSD (area under the curve=0.78). This is the first epidemiological study to demonstrate prevalence of SSD at 4 years of age that was consistent with previous clinical studies. Early detection of SSD at 4 years should focus on family variables and speech, language, and motor skills measured at 2 years. © 2014 Mac Keith Press.

Propuesta de un certificado de defunción para mejorar el registro y reporte de la muerte en el periodo perinatal Proposal for a death certificate to improve recording and reporting of perinatal mortality

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javier Contreras-Lemus

2001-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Analizar la forma en que se registran los nacimientos y la muerte en el periodo perinatal, en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS, y documentar si el registro de la muerte, en este periodo, es adecuado. Material y métodos. Entre enero y marzo de 2000, se aplicó una encuesta en las 37 delegaciones del IMSS, para conocer, del año 1999, el total de nacimientos vivos y muertos, las defunciones ocurridas antes del séptimo día, considerando su edad gestacional y peso al nacimiento. Con estos datos se analizó la mortalidad hebdomadal e infantil y se calcularon las tasas correspondientes, incluyendo o desagregando a los niños con o = 28 semanas de gestación. Antes de la primera semana de vida extrauterina fallecieron 4 556 niños, de los cuales 1 385 (30.4% pesaron http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.htmlObjective. To analyze perinatal births and deaths recording at the Mexican Institute of Social Security (MISS, and to evaluate the correct classification of perinatal deaths. Material and methods. From January to March 2000, data were collected from the 37 MISS districts on the total number of births and deaths occurring during 1999, deaths occurring before the seventh day of life, and gestational age and weight at birth. Early neonatal and infant mortality rates were analyzed including or separating newborns with or = 28 gestation weeks. There were 4 556 newborns who died before the seventh day of extrauterine life; 1 385 of them (30.4% weighed less than 1 000 g and had a gestational age http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html

ALICE doffs hat to two companies

CERN Multimedia

2007-01-01

During the fifth annual ALICE Industrial Awards ceremony, the ALICE Collaboration honoured two companies for their outstanding contributions to the construction of the experiment.For the past five years, the ALICE collaboration has been presenting its industrial partners with awards for meeting demanding or unusual requirements, for excellence in design or execution, for delivery on-time and on-budget and for outstanding cooperation. This year, on 9 March, ALICE presented awards to two companies for their exceptional performance. From left to right: Kees Oskamp (ALICE SSD), Arie de Haas (ALICE SSD), Gert-Jan Nooren (ALICE SSD), Shon Shmuel (FIBERNET), Yehuda Mor-Yosef (FIBERNET), Hans Boggild (ALICE), Jurgen Schukraft (ALICE Spokesperson), Catherine Decosse (ALICE) and Jean-Robert Lutz (ALICE SSD). FIBERNET Ltd., based in Yokneam, Israel, was rewarded for the excellent and timely assembly of the Silicon Strip Detector boards (SSD) of the Inner Tracking System with cable connections. Special low-mass cables, ...

Biomaterials for Improved Wound Healing

Science.gov (United States)

2013-10-01

is silver sulphadiazine (SSD) [6-7]. SSD possesses a broad spectrum of activity against gram- positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi [8... polyethylene glycol-based fibrin gel (PEGylated fibrin gel) induces vasculogenesis both in vitro and in vivo [20]. To exploit the inherent ability of fibrin as...Loaded Chitosan Microspheres Impregnated in Polyethylene Glycol Fibrin Gels (SSD-CSM-PEGylated fibrin gels) and Adipose Derived Stem Cells embedded

SU-F-T-75: Dosimetry Considerations in the Use of Hanging-Eye Block for Lesions of the Conjunctiva

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grelewicz, Z; Lee, B; Cutright, D; Kang, Z; Gopalakrishnan, M; Sathiaseelan, V; Zhang, H [Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL (United States)

2016-06-15

Purpose: Superficial lesions in the conjunctiva are frequently treated with en face electrons, using a hanging block to spare dose to the lens of the eye. Dose to the tumor and lens depend on the design and setup of the block and supporting apparatus. We performed in phantom measurements in order to characterize the dose sparing effects of the block as well as the under-dosing effect under the supporting apparatus for 6 MeV treatment. Methods: The commercial hanging block studied uses a 1.2 cm diameter tungsten cylinder supported by a 3 mm diameter acrylic rod. Point dose measurements under the hanging block, under an unblocked part of the field, and under the acrylic rod were performed using MOSFET detectors. In addition, EBT3 film was used for both PDD and profile measurements at a depth in phantom of 3 mm for both 105 and 103 cm SSD. Results: MOSFET measurements reported a dose reduction of 95% under the tungsten block when using an SSD of 103 cm, and 86% when using an SSD of 105 cm at a depth in phantom of 3 mm. Film measurements showed that the area under the acrylic rod may be under-dosed by as much as 30% when using 103 SSD. MOSFET measurements confirmed that when using an SSD of 103 cm, the area under the acrylic rod is under-dosed by up to 30% at 3mm depth, compared to the unblocked part of the field. Conclusion: The effectiveness of the commercial hanging block apparatus depends on setup, with 95% lens sparing possible with an SSD of 103 cm. This short SSD is necessary for sharp penumbra. At this SSD, substantial under-dosing under the acrylic support rod is possible. This must be mitigated with either feathering, or using an alternative method of support for the tungsten block.

Operationalization of diagnostic criteria of DSM-5 somatic symptom disorders.

Science.gov (United States)

Xiong, Nana; Zhang, Yaoyin; Wei, Jing; Leonhart, Rainer; Fritzsche, Kurt; Mewes, Ricarda; Hong, Xia; Cao, Jinya; Li, Tao; Jiang, Jing; Zhao, Xudong; Zhang, Lan; Schaefert, Rainer

2017-11-07

The aim of this study was to test the operationalization of DSM-5 somatic symptom disorder (SSD) psychological criteria among Chinese general hospital outpatients. This multicenter, cross-sectional study enrolled 491 patients from 10 general hospital outpatient departments. The structured clinical "interview about cognitive, affective, and behavioral features associated with somatic complaints" was used to operationalize the SSD criteria B. For comparison, DSM-IV somatoform disorders were assessed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview plus. Cohen's к scores were given to illustrate the agreement of the diagnoses. A three-structure model of the interview, within which items were classified as respectively assessing the cognitive (B1), affective (B2), and behavioral (B3) features, was examined. According to percentages of screening-positive persons and the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, a cut-off point of 2 was recommended for each subscale of the interview. With the operationalization, the frequency of DSM-5 SSD was estimated as 36.5% in our sample, and that of DSM-IV somatoform disorders was 8.2%. The agreement between them was small (Cohen's к = 0.152). Comparisons of sociodemographic features of SSD patients with different severity levels (mild, moderate, severe) showed that mild SSD patients were better-off in terms of financial and employment status, and that the severity subtypes were congruent with the level of depression, anxiety, quality of life impairment, and the frequency of doctor visits. The operationalization of the diagnosis and severity specifications of SSD was valid, but the diagnostic agreement between DSM-5 SSD and DSM-IV somatoform disorders was small. The interpretation the SSD criteria should be made cautiously, so that the diagnosis would not became over-inclusive.

La contabilidad de la compañía de los ferrocarriles andaluces en un periodo crítico (1920-1930 y su análisis a través del Estado de Flujos Efectivo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Enrique Blasco Leante

2014-07-01

En este marco de una empresa en crisis, realizamos un análisis de sus estados financieros a través de una herramienta contable denominada Estado de Flujos Efectivos (EFE, que aplicamos por el método indirecto, el cual permite obtener una aproximación a los flujos de las actividades de explotación, inversión y financiación de la compañía. La elección del periodo estudiado está motivada por ser una etapa de abundantes inversiones, cuyo origen presenta algunas dudas sobre si la empresa se financió con recursos propios o si la aportación de capitales públicos fue mayoritaria.

Características de la alimentación en niños menores de 1 año atendidos en la Fundación Humanitaria Pablo Jaramillo y su relación con el estado de salud (periodo 2011- 2012)

OpenAIRE

Calvo Campoverde, Katty; Zambrano C., María Dolores

2013-01-01

La alimentación es quizás el factor con mayor influencia sobre la salud de los niños, especialmente en los 2 primeros años de vida, siendo importante caracterizar la alimentación en este periodo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, con una muestra de 133 casos, a quienes se aplicó una encuesta considerando las variables a ser estudiadas. Resultados: Iniciaron lactancia materna exclusiva el 76,9 por ciento, a los 6 meses la mantuvieron el 49,6 por ciento. La hipogalactia fue la princip...

Fluctuación del Perfil de Estados de Ánimo (POMS en un periodo competitivo en judokas de élite

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gema Torres-Luque

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la relación entre la evolución de la carga de entrenamiento y el perfil de los estados de ánimo a lo largo de un periodo competitivo en judokas de élite. Se seleccionaron 7 judokas de élite, a los que se les administró el cuestionario Profile of Mood States, POMS, adaptado al castellano (Balaguer et al., 1995 a lo largo de 6 semanas de un período competitivo. A su vez se controló el volumen de entrenamiento clasificado en específico (entrenamiento técnico-táctico en tatami, entrenamiento de fuerza (sala de musculación y entrenamiento aeróbico (fundamentalmente carrera continua, y se observaron la relación entre ambas variables. Los resultados indican cómo el tipo de carga de entrenamiento puede afectar directamente a los estados de ánimo, un incremento del entrenamiento aeróbico produce un incremento en la Tensión, Depresión y Hostilidad, así como un descenso del factor Vigor, el cual, a pesar de estar por encima del resto de factores, el tipo de entrenamiento realizado tiene una implicación directa sobre él. Este tipo de análisis contribuyen a un mejor conocimiento del deportista de élite y su respuesta ante períodos competitivos.

EXCESO DE MORTALIDAD PRECOZ RELACIONADO CON LA GRIPE EN ESPAÑA DURANTE UN PERIODO INTERPANDÉMICO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lorena Simón Méndez

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamentos: El indicador Años Potenciales de Vida Perdidos (APVP ha sido utilizado con frecuencia en análisis de mortalidad precoz, y recientemente ha servido para estimar el impacto de la última pandemia de gripe A(H1N1 pdm09. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido estimar los excesos de defunciones por gripe y neumonía (GyN en España y los APVP durante el periodo 1980-2008, valorando la mortalidad atribuible a gripe en función del tipo/subtipo de virus predominante. Métodos: Los excesos de defunciones mensuales se calcularon con modelos de regresión cíclica. El cálculo de APVP se realizó como el producto del número de excesos de defunciones por la diferencia entre la esperanza de vida al nacer y los años vividos para cada grupo de edad. El análisis de la variación entre los excesos de defunciones por GyN y APVP, según el tipo/subtipo de virus de la gripe predominante, se llevó a cabo con un análisis de regresión de Poisson. Resultados: En las temporadas con predominio del virus de la gripe A(H3 el promedio de excesos de defunciones por GyN se estimó en 1.348 y de APVP en 5.297, mientras que en las temporadas con predominio de A(H1 o B el promedio de excesos por las mismas causas fue de 648 y de APVP de 2.885. Las razones de tasas ajustadas de excesos (2,11; IC-95%=2,05-2,16 y de APVP (1,86; IC-95%=1,83-1,88 señalaron que las frecuencias relativas de ambos indicadores son significativamente mayores en las temporadas con predominio de virus de la gripe A(H3. Conclusiones: Los excesos de defunciones y APVP se duplicaron al comparar las temporadas con predominio del subtipo A(H3 frente al resto de virus de la gripe.

La política económica de la República Popular China: un desafío a la hegemonía monetaria de los Estados Unidos en el Sudeste Asiático. Periodo 2003 -2015

OpenAIRE

Benavides Niño, David Leonardo

2016-01-01

La presente investigación parte del declive de la hegemonía de los Estados Unidos y el paralelo asenso económico de la República Popular China en las últimas décadas. De este modo, se plantea como objetivo principal analizar cómo China mediante su política económica desafía a la hegemonía monetaria de los Estado Unidos en el Sudeste Asiático, durante el periodo de 2003 a 2015. Con el fin de lograr este objetivo, se elabora un estudio de la hegemonía de los Estados Unidos y sus dinámicas en e...

Análisis de la eficiencia en las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito en Colombia, mediante la utilización de la técnica de Análisis de Datos Envolvente DEA, periodo 2008-2011

OpenAIRE

Moreno Sierra, Vivian Carolina; Rey Huertas, Luis Eduardo

2015-01-01

La presente estudio pretende analizar la eficiencia en las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito en Colombia, mediante la utilización de la técnica de análisis de datos envolvente (DEA); el trabajo investigativo es importante analizar al subsector cooperativo de ahorro y crédito para el periodo 2008-2011 debido a que este subsector es el más dinámico del sector cooperativo. La identificación de las cooperativas eficientes requiere de la aplicación de una técnica no paramétrica mediante el análisis...

Fetal exposure to maternal stress and risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders among offspring: Differential influences of fetal sex.

Science.gov (United States)

Fineberg, Anna M; Ellman, Lauren M; Schaefer, Catherine A; Maxwell, Seth D; Shen, Ling; H Chaudhury, Nashid; Cook, Aundrea L; Bresnahan, Michaeline A; Susser, Ezra S; Brown, Alan S

2016-02-28

Exposure to adverse life events during pregnancy has been linked to increased risk of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) in offspring. Nevertheless, much of the previous work inferred maternal stress from severe life events rather than directly assessing maternal reports of stress. The present study aimed to examine maternal reports of stress during pregnancy and risk for offspring SSD. Participants were 95 SSD cases and 206 controls who were offspring from a large birth cohort study that followed pregnant women from 1959 to 1966. During pregnancy interviews, women were asked if anything worrisome had occurred recently. Interviews were qualitatively coded for stress-related themes, including reports of daily life stress, by two independent raters. None of the maternal psychosocial stress themes were significantly associated with increased odds of offspring SSD in analyses of the full sample. However, results indicated a significant daily life stress by infant sex interaction. Maternal daily life stress during pregnancy was associated with significantly increased odds of SSD among male offspring. Findings suggest sex-specific fetal sensitivity to maternal reported daily life stress during pregnancy on risk for SSD, with males appearing to be more vulnerable to the influences of maternal stress during pregnancy. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Impregnation of silver sulfadiazine into bacterial cellulose for antimicrobial and biocompatible wound dressing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luan, Jiabin; Wu, Jian; Zheng, Yudong; Wang, Guojie; Guo, Jia; Ding, Xun; Song, Wenhui

2012-01-01

Silver sulfadiazine (SSD) is a useful antimicrobial agent for wound treatment. However, recent findings indicate that conventional SSD cream has several drawbacks for use in treatments. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising material for wound dressing due to its outstanding properties of holding water, strength and degradability. Unfortunately, BC itself exhibits no antimicrobial activity. A combination of SSD and BC is envisaged to form a new class of wound dressing with both antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility, which has not been reported to date. To achieve antimicrobial activity, SSD particles were impregnated into BC by immersing BC into SSD suspension after ultrasonication, namely SSD–BC. Parameters influencing SSD–BC impregnation were systematically studied. Optimized conditions of sonication time for no less than 90 min and the proper pH value between 6.6 and 9.0 were suggested. The absorption of SSD onto the BC nanofibrous network was revealed by XRD and SEM analyses. The SSD–BC membranes exhibited significant antimicrobial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus evaluated by the disc diffusion method. In addition, the favorable biocompatibility of SSD–BC was verified by MTT colorimetry, epidermal cell counting method and optical microscopy. The results demonstrate the potential of SSD–BC membranes as a new class of antimicrobial and biocompatible wound dressing. (paper)

DEPORTE Y DEMOCRATIZACIÓN EN UN PERIODO DE CAMBIO. EVOLUCIÓN DEL FENÓMENO DEPORTIVO EN BARCELONA DURANTE LA TRANSICIÓN DEMOCRÁTICA (1975-1982

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sixte Abadía i Naudí

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El análisis de la evolución del fenómeno deportivo en la ciudad de Barcelona durante la transición democrática (1975-1982 es el objeto de estudio de esta tesis doctoral. El mencionado periodo constituyó un marco de profundas transformaciones jurídicas, sociales y políticas que posibilitaron la definitiva modernización del país y la masiva incorporación del deporte entre los nuevos estilos de vida de los españoles. Desde una perspectiva historiográfica, pues, esta investigación se aproxima a la realidad del fenómeno deportivo durante la transición democrática, con la intención de determinar si en paralelo a la democratización del sistema político estatal se produjo un proceso de masificación deportiva en la ciudad de Barcelona. Este estudio presenta una estructura cronológica y temática, ahondando en las actuaciones en torno a las manifestaciones deportivas de las diferentes administraciones ¿estatal, autonómica, provincial y municipal- y del asociacionismo deportivo y vecinal, durante el periodo 1975-1982. En este sentido, se observa que, pese a la reestructuración gubernamental estatal característica de la primera mitad de la transición democrática (1975-1979, siguió siendo el asociacionismo deportivo el principal promotor de la transformación del fenómeno deportivo en la ciudad condal. A partir de las elecciones municipales del 3 de abril de 1979 y hasta las elecciones legislativas del octubre de 1982, el Ayuntamiento de Barcelona pasó a liderar la mencionada transformación a través de la implementación de una diversificada política deportiva que, a su vez, aceleró la evolución del asociacionismo deportivo hacia planteamientos más cercanos al deporte para todos. A su vez, cabe mencionar la intensificación del colaboracionismo existente entre las diferentes administraciones y el asociacionismo deportivo y vecinal como consecuencia de la definición de las políticas deportivas municipal, provincial y

Subsyndromal delirium compared with delirium, dementia, and subjects without delirium or dementia in elderly general hospital admissions and nursing home residents

OpenAIRE

Sepulveda, Esteban; Leonard, Maeve; Franco, Jose G.; Adamis, Dimitrios; McCarthy, Geraldine; Dunne, Colum; Trzepacz, Paula T.; Gaviria, Ana M.; de Pablo, Joan; Vilella, Elisabet; Meagher, David J.

2016-01-01

Introduction Subsyndromal delirium (SSD) complicates diagnosis of delirium and dementia, although there is little research comparing their symptom profiles. Methods Cross-sectional study of 400 elderly patients' admission to a general hospital or nursing home diagnosed with delirium, SSD, dementia, or no-delirium/no-dementia (NDND). Symptom profiles were assessed using the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 (DRS-R98). Results Twenty percent patients had delirium, 19.3% had SSD, 29.8% had dement...

Working memory span in Persian-speaking children with speech sound disorders and normal speech development.

Science.gov (United States)

Afshar, Mohamad Reza; Ghorbani, Ali; Rashedi, Vahid; Jalilevand, Nahid; Kamali, Mohamad

2017-10-01

The aim of this study was to compare working memory span in Persian-speaking preschool children with speech sound disorder (SSD) and their typically speaking peers. Additionally, the study aimed to examine Non-Word Repetition (NWR), Forward Digit Span (FDS) and Backward Digit Span (BDS) in four groups of children with varying severity levels of SSD. The participants in this study comprised 35 children with SSD and 35 typically developing (TD) children -matched for age and sex-as a control group. The participants were between the age range of 48 and 72 months. Two components of working memory including phonological loop and central executive were compared between two groups. We used two tasks (NWR and FDS) to assess phonological loop component, and one task (BDS) to assess central executive component. Percentage of correct consonants (PCC) was used to calculate the severity of SSD. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in all tasks that assess working memory (p working memory between the various severity groups indicated significant differences between different severities of both NWR and FDS tasks among the SSD children (p  0.05). The result showed that PCC scores in TD children were associated with NWR (p  0.05). The working memory skills were weaker in SSD children, in comparison to TD children. In addition, children with varying levels of severity of SSD differed in terms of NWR and FSD, but not BDS. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Direct Costs of Very Old Persons with Subsyndromal Depression: A 5-Year Prospective Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Ludvigsson, Mikael; Bernfort, Lars; Marcusson, Jan; Wressle, Ewa; Milberg, Anna

2018-03-15

This study aimed to compare, over a 5-year period, the prospective direct healthcare costs and service utilization of persons with subsyndromal depression (SSD) and non-depressive persons (ND), in a population of very old persons. A second aim was to develop a model that predicts direct healthcare costs in very old persons with SSD. A prospective population-based study was undertaken on 85-year-old persons in Sweden. Depressiveness was screened with the Geriatric Depression Scale at baseline and at 1-year follow-up, and the results were classified into ND, SSD, and syndromal depression. Data on individual healthcare costs and service use from a 5-year period were derived from national database registers. Direct costs were compared between categories using Mann-Whitney U tests, and a prediction model was identified with linear regression. For persons with SSD, the direct healthcare costs per month of survival exceeded those of persons with ND by a ratio 1.45 (€634 versus €436), a difference that was significant even after controlling for somatic multimorbidity. The final regression model consisted of five independent variables predicting direct healthcare costs: male sex, activities of daily living functions, loneliness, presence of SSD, and somatic multimorbidity. SSD among very old persons is associated with increased direct healthcare costs independently of somatic multimorbidity. The associations between SSD, somatic multimorbidity, and healthcare costs in the very old need to be analyzed further in order to better guide allocation of resources in health policy. Copyright © 2018 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Influence of Cutting Speed on Subsurface Damage Morphology and Distribution in Ground Fused Silica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Georg Schnurbusch

2017-08-01

Full Text Available In optical fabrication, brittle-hard materials are used for numerous applications. Especially for high-performance optics for laser or lithography applications, a complex and consistent production chain is necessary to account for the material properties. Particularly in pre-processing, e.g., for shaping optical components, brittle material behavior is dominant which leads to a rough surface layer with cracks that reach far below the surface. This so called subsurface damage (SSD needs to be removed in subsequent processes like polishing. Therefore, it is essential to know the extent of the SSD induced by shaping for an efficient design of precise corrective processes and for process improvement. Within this work the influence of cutting speed on SSD, in fused silica, induced by grinding has been investigated. To analyze the subsurface crack distribution and the maximum crack depth magnetorheological finishing has been appointed to polish a wedge into the ground surface. The depth profile of SSD was analyzed by image processing. For this purpose a coherent area of the polished wedge has been recorded by stitching microscopy. Taking the form deviation of the ground surface in to account to determine the actual depth beneath surface, the accuracy of the SSD-evaluation could be improved significantly. The experiments reveal a clear influence of the cutting speed on SSD, higher cutting speeds generate less SSD. Besides the influence on the maximum crack depth an influence on the crack length itself could be verified. Based on image analysis it was possible, to predict the maximum depth of cracks by means of crack length.

Subsyndromal symptomatic depression: a new concept.

Science.gov (United States)

Sadek, N; Bona, J

2000-01-01

Although DSM-IV acknowledged the clinical significance of some subthreshold forms of unipolar depression, such as minor depression (MinD) and recurrent brief depression (RBD), clinicians continued to struggle with the concept of "subthreshold" depression. A substantial number of patients continued to present with depressive symptoms that still did not satisfy any DSM-IV diagnosis. Generally, these patients failed to complain of anhedonia and depressed mood, a criterion that DSM-IV mandates for any diagnosis of depression. Therefore, researchers reexamined the question of whether this cluster of depressive symptoms, in the absence of anhedonia and depressed mood, was clinically significant. Some researchers labeled this cluster of symptoms, "subsyndromal symptomatic depression" (SSD). Specifically, SSD is defined as a depressive state having two or more symptoms of depression of the same quality as in major depression (MD), excluding depressed mood and anhedonia. The symptoms must be present for more than 2 weeks and be associated with social dysfunction. Using Medline Search, the authors reviewed the literature on the epidemiology, demographics, clinical characteristics, and psychosocial impairment of SSD. SSD is found to be comparable in demographics and clinical characteristics to MD, MinD, and dysthymia. SSD is also associated with significant psychosocial dysfunction as compared with healthy subjects. Further; it has significant risk for suicide and future MD. Few studies have been conducted on the treatment of SSD. The high prevalence of SSD, the significant psychosocial impairment associated with it, and the chronicity of its course make subsyndromal symptomatic depression a matter for serious consideration by clinicians and researchers.

Sequential boundaries approach in clinical trials with unequal allocation ratios

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ayatollahi Seyyed

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background In clinical trials, both unequal randomization design and sequential analyses have ethical and economic advantages. In the single-stage-design (SSD, however, if the sample size is not adjusted based on unequal randomization, the power of the trial will decrease, whereas with sequential analysis the power will always remain constant. Our aim was to compare sequential boundaries approach with the SSD when the allocation ratio (R was not equal. Methods We evaluated the influence of R, the ratio of the patients in experimental group to the standard group, on the statistical properties of two-sided tests, including the two-sided single triangular test (TT, double triangular test (DTT and SSD by multiple simulations. The average sample size numbers (ASNs and power (1-β were evaluated for all tests. Results Our simulation study showed that choosing R = 2 instead of R = 1 increases the sample size of SSD by 12% and the ASN of the TT and DTT by the same proportion. Moreover, when R = 2, compared to the adjusted SSD, using the TT or DTT allows to retrieve the well known reductions of ASN observed when R = 1, compared to SSD. In addition, when R = 2, compared to SSD, using the TT and DTT allows to obtain smaller reductions of ASN than when R = 1, but maintains the power of the test to its planned value. Conclusion This study indicates that when the allocation ratio is not equal among the treatment groups, sequential analysis could indeed serve as a compromise between ethicists, economists and statisticians.

Dicty_cDB: SLC419 [Dicty_cDB

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available SL (Link to library) SLC419 (Link to dictyBase) - - - Contig-U03801-1 SLC419Z (Link... to Original site) - - SLC419Z 335 - - - - Show SLC419 Library SL (Link to library) Clone ID SLC419 (Link to...ycdb.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/CSM/SL/SLC4-A/SLC419Q.Seq.d/ Representative seq. ID SLC41...9Z (Link to Original site) Representative DNA sequence >SLC419 (SLC419Q) /CSM/SL/SLC4-A/SLC419Q.Seq.d/ XXXXX...I6-A/SSI602Q.Seq.d/ 490 e-138 SSD173 (SSD173Q) /CSM/SS/SSD1-D/SSD173Q.Seq.d/ 490 e-138 SLC419 (SLC4

Total skin electron therapy treatment verification: Monte Carlo simulation and beam characteristics of large non-standard electron fields

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pavon, Ester Carrasco; Sanchez-Doblado, Francisco; Leal, Antonio; Capote, Roberto; Lagares, Juan Ignacio; Perucha, Maria; Arrans, Rafael

2003-01-01

Total skin electron therapy (TSET) is a complex technique which requires non-standard measurements and dosimetric procedures. This paper investigates an essential first step towards TSET Monte Carlo (MC) verification. The non-standard 6 MeV 40 x 40 cm 2 electron beam at a source to surface distance (SSD) of 100 cm as well as its horizontal projection behind a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) screen to SSD = 380 cm were evaluated. The EGS4 OMEGA-BEAM code package running on a Linux home made 47 PCs cluster was used for the MC simulations. Percentage depth-dose curves and profiles were calculated and measured experimentally for the 40 x 40 cm 2 field at both SSD = 100 cm and patient surface SSD = 380 cm. The output factor (OF) between the reference 40 x 40 cm 2 open field and its horizontal projection as TSET beam at SSD = 380 cm was also measured for comparison with MC results. The accuracy of the simulated beam was validated by the good agreement to within 2% between measured relative dose distributions, including the beam characteristic parameters (R 50 , R 80 , R 100 , R p , E 0 ) and the MC calculated results. The energy spectrum, fluence and angular distribution at different stages of the beam (at SSD = 100 cm, at SSD = 364.2 cm, behind the PMMA beam spoiler screen and at treatment surface SSD = 380 cm) were derived from MC simulations. Results showed a final decrease in mean energy of almost 56% from the exit window to the treatment surface. A broader angular distribution (FWHM of the angular distribution increased from 13deg at SSD 100 cm to more than 30deg at the treatment surface) was fully attributable to the PMMA beam spoiler screen. OF calculations and measurements agreed to less than 1%. The effect of changing the electron energy cut-off from 0.7 MeV to 0.521 MeV and air density fluctuations in the bunker which could affect the MC results were shown to have a negligible impact on the beam fluence distributions. Results proved the applicability of using MC

Interaction between Saikosaponin D, Paeoniflorin, and Human Serum Albumin.

Science.gov (United States)

Liang, Guo-Wu; Chen, Yi-Cun; Wang, Yi; Wang, Hong-Mei; Pan, Xiang-Yu; Chen, Pei-Hong; Niu, Qing-Xia

2018-01-27

Saikosaponin D (SSD) and paeoniflorin (PF) are the major active constituents of Bupleuri Radix and Paeonia lactiflora Pall , respectively, and have been widely used in China to treat liver and other diseases for many centuries. We explored the binding of SSD/PF to human serum albumin (HSA) by using fluorospectrophotometry, circular dichroism (CD) and molecular docking. Both SSD and PF produced a conformational change in HSA. Fluorescence quenching was accompanied by a blue shift in the fluorescence spectra. Co-binding of PF and SSD also induced quenching and a conformational change in HSA. The Stern-Volmer equation showed that quenching was dominated by static quenching. The binding constant for ternary interaction was below that for binary interaction. Site-competitive experiments demonstrated that SSD/PF bound to site I (subdomain IIA) and site II (subdomain IIIA) in HSA. Analysis of thermodynamic parameters indicated that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces were mostly responsible for the binary association. Also, there was energy transfer upon binary interaction. Molecular docking supported the experimental findings in conformation, binding sites and binding forces.

Do reward-processing deficits in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders promote cannabis use? An investigation of physiological response to natural rewards and drug cues

Science.gov (United States)

Cassidy, Clifford M.; Brodeur, Mathieu B.; Lepage, Martin; Malla, Ashok

2014-01-01

Background Dysfunctional reward processing is present in individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) and may confer vulnerability to addiction. Our objective was to identify a deficit in patients with SSD on response to rewarding stimuli and determine whether this deficit predicts cannabis use. Methods We divided a group of patients with SSD and nonpsychotic controls into cannabis users and nonusers. Response to emotional and cannabis-associated visual stimuli was assessed using self-report, event-related potentials (using the late positive potential [LPP]), facial electromyography and skin-conductance response. Results Our sample comprised 35 patients with SSD and 35 nonpsychotic controls. Compared with controls, the patients with SSD showed blunted LPP response to pleasant stimuli (p = 0.003). Across measures, cannabis-using controls showed greater response to pleasant stimuli than to cannabis stimuli whereas cannabis-using patients showed little bias toward pleasant stimuli. Reduced LPP response to pleasant stimuli was predictive of more frequent subsequent cannabis use (β = −0.24, p = 0.034). Limitations It is not clear if the deficit associated with cannabis use is specific to rewarding stimuli or nonspecific to any kind of emotionally salient stimuli. Conclusion The LPP captures a reward-processing deficit in patients with SSD and shows potential as a biomarker for identifying patients at risk of heavy cannabis use. PMID:24913137

Efficacy of continuous versus intermittent subglottic secretion drainage in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients requiring mechanical ventilation: A single-center randomized controlled trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Fujimoto, Hiroko; Yamaguchi, Osamu; Hayami, Hajime; Shimosaka, Mika; Tsuboi, Sayaka; Sato, Mitsunori; Takebayashi, Shigeo; Morita, Satoshi; Saito, Mari; Goto, Takahisa; Kurahashi, Kiyoyasu

2018-03-23

Aspiration of subglottic secretion is a widely used intervention to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). This study aimed to compare the efficacy of continuous and intermittent subglottic secretion drainage (SSD) in preventing VAP. A single-center randomized controlled trial was conducted on adult postoperative patients who were expected to undergo mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. Primary outcome measure was incidence of VAP and secondary outcome measures were length of mechanical ventilation and intensive-care unit (ICU) stay. Fifty-nine patients received continuous SSD, while 60 patients received intermittent SSD. Of these 119 patients, 88 (74%) were excluded and 15 and 16 patients were allocated to receive continuous and intermittent SSD, respectively. VAP was detected in 4 (26.7%) and 7 (43.8%) patients in the continuous and intermittent groups, respectively, (p=0.320). The length of mechanical ventilation was significantly shorter (p=0.034) in the continuous group (99.5±47.1 h) than in the intermittent group (159.9±94.5 h). The length of ICU stay was also shorter (p=0.0097) in the continuous group (6.3±2.1 days) than the intermittent group (9.8±4.8 days). Although continuous SSD did not reduce the incidence of VAP, it reduced the length of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay when compared to intermittent SSD.

Sexual selection accounts for the geographic reversal of sexual size dimorphism in the dung fly, sepsis punctum (Diptera: Sepsidae).

Science.gov (United States)

Puniamoorthy, Nalini; Schäfer, Martin A; Blanckenhorn, Wolf U

2012-07-01

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) varies widely across and within species. The differential equilibrium model of SSD explains dimorphism as the evolutionary outcome of consistent differences in natural and sexual selection between the sexes. Here, we comprehensively examine a unique cross-continental reversal in SSD in the dung fly, Sepsis punctum. Using common garden laboratory experiments, we establish that SSD is male-biased in Europe and female-biased in North America. When estimating sexual (pairing success) and fecundity selection (clutch size of female partner) on males under three operational sex ratios (OSRs), we find that the intensity of sexual selection is significantly stronger in European versus North American populations, increasing with male body size and OSR in the former only. Fecundity selection on female body size also increases strongly with egg number and weakly with egg volume, however, equally on both continents. Finally, viability selection on body size in terms of intrinsic (physiological) adult life span in the laboratory is overall nil and does not vary significantly across all seven populations. Although it is impossible to prove causality, our results confirm the differential equilibrium model of SSD in that differences in sexual selection intensity account for the reversal in SSD in European versus North American populations, presumably mediating the ongoing speciation process in S. punctum. © 2012 The Author(s).

Autism Spectrum Disorders and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Excitation/Inhibition Imbalance and Developmental Trajectories

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Canitano

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Autism spectrum disorders (ASD and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD share clinical and genetic components that have long been recognized. The two disorders co-occur more frequently than would be predicted by their respective prevalence, suggesting that a complex, multifactor association is involved. However, DSM-5 maintains the distinction between ASD, with core social and communication impairments, and SSD, including schizophrenia (SCZ, with hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorder as essential features. ASD and SSD have common biological underpinnings that may emerge early in development and unfold over time. One of the hypotheses supporting the similarities in the social and cognitive disturbances of ASD and SSD relates to abnormalities in the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory cortical activity (E/I imbalance. E/I imbalance in neurodevelopmental disorders could be the consequence of abnormalities in genes coding for glutamatergic and GABAergic receptors or synaptic proteins followed by system derangements. SSD and ASD have been characterized as polygenic disorders in which to the onset and progression of disease is triggered by interactions among multiple genes. Mammalian target of rapamycin signaling is under intense investigation as a convergent altered pathway in the two spectrum disorders. Current understanding of shared and divergent patterns between ASD and SSD from molecular to clinical aspects is still incomplete and may be implemented by the research domain criteria approach.

Comparison of topical sucralfate and silver sulfadiazine cream in second degree burns in rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Beheshti, Akram; Shafigh, Younes; Zangivand, Amir-Abdollah; Samiee-Rad, Fatemeh; Hassanzadeh, Gholamreza; Shafigh, Navid

2013-01-01

The most prevalent topical treatment for partial thickness burns is silver sulfadiazine 1% (SSD). Recent studies have shown that the healing of partial thickness burns is delayed with the use of SSD. One of the potential burn dressings is sucralfate. With this study the authors have aimed to analyze comparatively the effects of sucralfate and SSD on second degree burn wounds in rats. Forty-eight male rats were divided into three equal groups. A burn model was constituted on the back of all rats. The burned areas in the first, second and third groups were covered daily with sucralfate, SSD and cold cream (control), respectively. At the end of the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day, the rats were anesthetized and the burned skin tissue samples were collected for histopathological examination. At the end of the study, the epidermis and horny layer was completely formed in the SSD and sucralfate group; however the appendix of skin was just formed in the sucralfate group. Also the percentage of wound healing was calculated at 76%, 91% and 100% respectively in the control, silver sulfadiazine and sucralfate groups. Sucralfate is known to have multiple beneficial effects on wound healing. Using topical sucralfate accelerates the burn wound healing process in comparison with both the control and SSD groups and can be used as an adjunctive or alternative agent in the future.

Un estudio de los factores determinantes de las desviaciones presupuestarias de las Comunidades Autónomas en el periodo 2003-2012

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrés Leal Marcos

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo pretende identificar los factores que pueden explicar el comportamiento de las Comunidades Autónomas (CCAA con respecto a sus objetivos de estabilidad presupuestaria. A tal fin, se estima, para todas las CCAA y para el periodo 2003-2012, el grado de incumplimiento de cada comunidad con su objetivo de déficit en función del cumplimiento en los ejercicios previos y de un conjunto de variables relacionadas con factores macroeconómicos, políticos, presupuestarios e institucionales. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, el incumplimiento anterior de una comunidad autónoma aumenta su incumplimiento en el ejercicio corriente, mientras que el incumplimiento previo del conjunto del nivel autonómico estimula el cumplimiento individual. En año electoral, el grado de incumplimiento con los objetivos de estabilidad será mayor. Lo contrario sucede si el presidente de la comunidad pertenece al PSOE. Finalmente, unos menores ingresos per cápita o unos mayores gastos primarios per cápita también favorecen el incumplimiento de las reglas fiscales autonómicas. El efecto de los ingresos es mayor que el de los gastos y este último parece que se debe más al funcionamiento del mercado político en cada comunidad autónoma que a cambios en las necesidades de gasto. Clasificación JEL: H74; H77.

Análisis presupuestal de la efectividad del gasto público para el desarrollo social y su repercusión en la pobreza extrema, en el periodo de 1980 a 2006 en la Administración Pública Federal de México.

OpenAIRE

Luna Farias, María Isabel

2016-01-01

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo establecer a través de analizar el presupuesto público y su participación en el gasto público destinado al desarrollo social, cuál ha sido su repercusión en el aumento de la pobreza extrema, la que se ha agudizado en los estratos sociales más desprotegidos del país. Con el objeto de determinar cuál ha sido la efectividad del gasto social y que ha provocado el aumento de la pobreza extrema en México, en el periodo de 1980 a 2006, y que dicho...

Novel software system development for finance

OpenAIRE

Maad, Soha

2002-01-01

This paper addresses the need for novel software system development (SSD) practices in finance. It proposes Empirical Modelling as a novel approach for SSD in finance. This approach aims at finding a suitable framework for studying both the traditional and the emerging computing culture to SSD in finance. First, the paper studies the change in the financial industry and identifies key issues of the application of computer-based technology in finance. These key issues are framed in a wider age...

Characterization of megavoltage electron beams delivered through a photon multi-leaf collimator (pMLC)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plessis, F C P du; Leal, A; Stathakis, S; Xiong, W; Ma, C-M [Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111 (United States)

2006-04-21

A study is presented that characterizes megavoltage electron beams delivered through an existing double-focused photon multi-leaf collimator (pMLC) using film measurements in a solid water phantom. Machine output stability and linearity were evaluated as well as the effect of source-to-surface distance (SSD) and field size on the penumbra for electron energies between 6 and 18 MeV over an SSD range of 60-100 cm. Penumbra variations as a function of field size, depth of measurement and the influence of the jaws were also studied. Field abutment, field flatness and target coverage for segmented beams were also addressed. The measured field size for electrons transported through the pMLC was the same as that for an x-ray beam up to SSDs of 70 cm. At larger SSD, the lower energy electron fields deviated from the projected field. Penumbra data indicated that 60 cm SSD was the most favourable treatment distance. Backprojection of P{sub 20-80} penumbra data yielded a virtual source position located at 98.9 cm from the surface for 18 MeV electrons. For 6 MeV electrons, the virtual source position was at a distance of 82.6 cm. Penumbra values were smaller for small beam slits and reached a near-constant value for field widths larger than 5 cm. The influence of the jaws had a small effect on the penumbra. The R{sub 90} values ranged from 1.4 to 4.8 cm between 6 and 21 MeV as measured at 60 cm SSD for a 9 x 9 cm{sup 2} field. Uniformity and penumbra improvement could be demonstrated using weighted abutted fields especially useful for small segments. No detectable electron leakage through the pMLC was observed. Bremsstrahlung measurements taken at 60 cm SSD for a 9 x 9 cm{sup 2} field as shaped by the pMLC compared within 1% to bremsstrahlung measurements taken at 100 cm SSD for a 10 x 10 cm{sup 2} electron applicator field at 100 cm SSD.

Does the GH/IGF-1 axis contribute to skeletal sexual dimorphism? Evidence from mouse studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Zhongbo; Mohan, Subburaman; Yakar, Shoshana

2016-04-01

The contribution of the gonadotropic axis to skeletal sexual dimorphism (SSD) was clarified in recent years. Studies with animal models of estrogen receptor (ER) or androgen receptor (AR) null mice, as well as mice with bone cell-specific ablation of ER or AR, revealed that both hormones play major roles in skeletal acquisition, and that estrogen regulates skeletal accrual in both sexes. The growth hormone (GH) and its downstream effector, the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are also major determinants of peak bone mass during puberty and young adulthood, and play important roles in maintaining bone integrity during aging. A few studies in both humans and animal models suggest that in addition to the differences in sex steroid actions on bone, sex-specific effects of GH and IGF-1 play essential roles in SSD. However, the contributions of the somatotropic (GH/IGF-1) axis to SSD are controversial and data is difficult to interpret. GH/IGF-1 are pleotropic hormones that act in an endocrine and autocrine/paracrine fashion on multiple tissues, affecting body composition as well as metabolism. Thus, understanding the contribution of the somatotropic axis to SSD requires the use of mouse models that will differentiate between these two modes of action. Elucidation of the relative contribution of GH/IGF-1 axis to SSD is significant because GH is approved for the treatment of normal children with short stature and children with congenital growth disorders. Thus, if the GH/IGF-1 axis determines SSD, treatment with GH may be tailored according to sex. In the following review, we give an overview of the roles of sex steroids in determining SSD and how they may interact with the GH/IGF-1 axis in bone. We summarize several mouse models with impaired somatotropic axis and speculate on the possible contribution of that axis to SSD. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The complex modelling of various effects of the sub-slab ventilation systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Svoboda, Z.

2004-01-01

Sub-slab ventilation systems and, in particular, sub-slab depressurization (SSD) systems are among the most efficient radon protective and remedial measures. Numerical modelling can serve as a very powerful tool in the design stage of such systems. The calculations include estimation of the pressure field in the ground under the house with an SSD system and estimation of the radon concentration field. The SSD system also affects the temperature and relative humidity distribution, and therefore those fields should be calculated as well. All the analyses can be carried out applying the simplification of a non-transient steady-state behavior. The numerical solution can be obtained by using the finite difference method or the finite element method. The results of numerical calculation comprise the air pressure field under the building with SSD system, radon concentration field, and temperature and relative humidity fields. The reliability of the numerical models has been verified on six houses with different SSD systems. The results obtained from one house are presented to demonstrate the complete process of verification. The remedial action consisted in the installation of an SSD system in combination with rebuilding of the floors. Soil air temperature, relative humidity, pressure difference and soil air radon concentration were measured continuously. All measurements were carried out for the two modes, i.e. with the SSD system operational or disabled. The first numerical analysis was the calculation of the three-dimensional air pressure field in the whole sub-slab space of the experimental house. The correlation between the calculated and observed values was very good (agreement better than 10%). The calculation of the two-dimensional steady-state temperature and relative humidity field also exhibited a good agreement with the observed values, with differences below 15%. The two-dimensional steady-state field of radon concentrations in the soil under the experimental

MO-AB-BRA-08: Rapid Treatment Field Uniformity Optimization for Total Skin Electron Beam Therapy Using Cherenkov Imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andreozzi, J; Zhang, R; Glaser, A; Pogue, B; Jarvis, L; Williams, B; Gladstone, D

2015-01-01

Purpose: To evaluate treatment field heterogeneity resulting from gantry angle choice in total skin electron beam therapy (TSEBT) following a modified Stanford dual-field technique, and determine a relationship between source to surface distance (SSD) and optimized gantry angle spread. Methods: Cherenkov imaging was used to image 62 treatment fields on a sheet of 1.2m x 2.2m x 1.2cm polyethylene following standard TSEBT setup at our institution (6 MeV, 888 MU/min, no spoiler, SSD=441cm), where gantry angles spanned from 239.5° to 300.5° at 1° increments. Average Cherenkov intensity and coefficient of variation in the region of interest were compared for the set of composite Cherenkov images created by summing all unique combinations of angle pairs to simulate dual-field treatment. The angle pair which produced the lowest coefficient of variation was further studied using an ionization chamber. The experiment was repeated at SSD=300cm, and SSD=370.5cm. Cherenkov imaging was also implemented during TSEBT of three patients. Results: The most uniform treatment region from a symmetric angle spread was achieved using gantry angles +/−17.5° about the horizontal axis at SSD=441cm, +/−18.5° at SSD=370.5cm, and +/−19.5° at SSD=300cm. Ionization chamber measurements comparing the original treatment spread (+/−14.5°) and the optimized angle pair (+/−17.5°) at SSD=441cm showed no significant deviation (r=0.999) in percent depth dose curves, and chamber measurements from nine locations within the field showed an improvement in dose uniformity from 24.41% to 9.75%. Ionization chamber measurements correlated strongly (r=0.981) with Cherenkov intensity measured concurrently on the flat Plastic Water phantom. Patient images and TLD results also showed modest uniformity improvements. Conclusion: A decreasing linear relationship between optimal angle spread and SSD was observed. Cherenkov imaging offers a new method of rapidly analyzing and optimizing TSEBT setup

Less is better? Intraindividual and interindividual comparison between 0.075 mmol/kg of gadobenate dimeglumine and 0.1 mmol/kg of gadoterate meglumine for cranial MRI

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Khouri Chalouhi, Katia, E-mail: khouri.katia@gmail.com [Scuola di Specializzazione in Radiodiagnostica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan (Italy); Papini, Giacomo D.E., E-mail: docgde@gmail.com [Unità di Radiologia, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan (Italy); Bandirali, Michele, E-mail: michele.bandirali@hotmail.it [Scuola di Specializzazione in Radiodiagnostica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan (Italy); Sconfienza, Luca M., E-mail: io@lucasconfienza.it [Unità di Radiologia, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan (Italy); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milano (Italy); Di Leo, Giovanni, E-mail: gianni.dileo77@gmail.com [Unità di Radiologia, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan (Italy); Sardanelli, Francesco, E-mail: francesco.sardanelli@unimi.it [Unità di Radiologia, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan (Italy); Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milano (Italy)

2014-07-15

Purpose: To retrospectively compare a reduced dose (RD) (0.075 mmol/kg) of gadobenate dimeglumine (RD-gadobenate) with standard single dose (SSD) (0.1 mmol/kg) of gadoterate meglumine (SSD-gadoterate) for cranial MRI. Materials and methods: Thirty-one patients (12 males; aged 52 ± 16 years) underwent cranial MRI with SSD-gadoterate and repeated the examination with RD-gadobenate after a median interval of 10 months. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was obtained on contrast-enhanced images for enhancing lesions (n = 10) as well as for right and left transverse venous sinuses, internal carotid arteries, and parotid glands. Moreover, a consecutive series of 100 cranial MRI with SSD-gadoterate (49 males; aged 51 ± 19 years) was compared with a consecutive series of 100 cranial MRI with RD-gadobenate (45 males; aged 54 ± 18 years). Two blinded neuroradiologists (R1, R2) judged contrast enhancement as sufficient, good, or optimal. Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney, χ{sup 2}, and Cohen κ statistics were used. Results: At intraindividual analysis, median SNR ranged 57–88 for SSD-gadoterate and 79–99 for RD-gadobenate, the latter being systematically higher, the difference being significant for both transverse venous sinuses (p ≤ 0.011), not significant for both internal carotid arteries and both parotid glands, and enhancing lesions (p ≤ 0.101). The two series of interindividual analysis were not significantly different for gender/age (p > 0.415). Contrast enhancement was optimal in 59% (R1) and 76% (R2) of patients using RD-gadobenate, in 39% (R1) and 49% (R2) of patients using SSD-gadoterate (p ≤ 0.016), with substantial reproducibility (κ ≥ 0.606). Conclusion: Both analyses showed an equal or better contrast enhancement when using RD-gadobenate compared to SSD-gadoterate for routine cranial MRI. The high relaxivity of gadobenate allowed for a 25% dose reduction.

Less is better? Intraindividual and interindividual comparison between 0.075 mmol/kg of gadobenate dimeglumine and 0.1 mmol/kg of gadoterate meglumine for cranial MRI

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khouri Chalouhi, Katia; Papini, Giacomo D.E.; Bandirali, Michele; Sconfienza, Luca M.; Di Leo, Giovanni; Sardanelli, Francesco

2014-01-01

Purpose: To retrospectively compare a reduced dose (RD) (0.075 mmol/kg) of gadobenate dimeglumine (RD-gadobenate) with standard single dose (SSD) (0.1 mmol/kg) of gadoterate meglumine (SSD-gadoterate) for cranial MRI. Materials and methods: Thirty-one patients (12 males; aged 52 ± 16 years) underwent cranial MRI with SSD-gadoterate and repeated the examination with RD-gadobenate after a median interval of 10 months. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was obtained on contrast-enhanced images for enhancing lesions (n = 10) as well as for right and left transverse venous sinuses, internal carotid arteries, and parotid glands. Moreover, a consecutive series of 100 cranial MRI with SSD-gadoterate (49 males; aged 51 ± 19 years) was compared with a consecutive series of 100 cranial MRI with RD-gadobenate (45 males; aged 54 ± 18 years). Two blinded neuroradiologists (R1, R2) judged contrast enhancement as sufficient, good, or optimal. Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney, χ 2 , and Cohen κ statistics were used. Results: At intraindividual analysis, median SNR ranged 57–88 for SSD-gadoterate and 79–99 for RD-gadobenate, the latter being systematically higher, the difference being significant for both transverse venous sinuses (p ≤ 0.011), not significant for both internal carotid arteries and both parotid glands, and enhancing lesions (p ≤ 0.101). The two series of interindividual analysis were not significantly different for gender/age (p > 0.415). Contrast enhancement was optimal in 59% (R1) and 76% (R2) of patients using RD-gadobenate, in 39% (R1) and 49% (R2) of patients using SSD-gadoterate (p ≤ 0.016), with substantial reproducibility (κ ≥ 0.606). Conclusion: Both analyses showed an equal or better contrast enhancement when using RD-gadobenate compared to SSD-gadoterate for routine cranial MRI. The high relaxivity of gadobenate allowed for a 25% dose reduction

Effect of L-arginine supplementation on immune responsiveness in patients with sickle cell disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Scavella, Arnette; Leiva, Lily; Monjure, Hanh; Zea, Arnold H; Gardner, Renee V

2010-08-01

L-arginine (L-Arg) is deficient in sickle cell disease (SSD) during vasoocclusion. We investigated possible causal relationship between L-Arg deficiency and immune dysfunction in SSD in steady-state. Fifteen patients with SSD in steady-state and 13 controls were studied. Plasma L-Arg levels were measured using liquid chromatography. T cell subsets and CD3zeta (CD3zeta) chain expression were analyzed using flow cytometry. Lymphocyte proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and production of IL-6 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were evaluated with and without L-Arg. SSD patients had significantly lower L-Arg levels than controls. CD3 and CD19 cell populations were comparable for both groups, but SSD patients had above normal numbers of natural killer cells (P = 0.06). Patients and controls exhibited significantly increased lymphocyte blastogenesis to PHA after introduction of L-Arg to cultures; response of patients was significantly greater than values for control individuals. Proliferative response to candida in SSD patients was significantly lower than in controls; L-Arg supplementation did not increase this response. L-Arg had no effect on blastogenic response to PPD and candida albicans. No effect was likewise seen in production of IL-6 and IFN-gamma after addition of L-Arg. CD3zeta chain expression increased after addition of L-Arg in both groups; differences were insignificant. L-Arg levels in steady-state SSD are significantly lower than in controls. L-Arg supplementation enhanced lymphocyte blastogenesis to PHA for both controls and patients, but not in response to antigen. There were no significant differences in CD3zeta chain expression although upregulation of expression occurred after L-Arg supplementation for both groups. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Cambio de uso del suelo y vegetación en el Parque Nacional Nevado de Toluca, México, en el periodo 1972-2000

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergio Franco Maass

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Para conocer el estado de conservación del Parque Nacional Nevado de Toluca (PNNT, se analizaron los cambios en el uso del suelo y vegetación ocurridos entre 1972 y el 2000. Para ello fue preciso obtener cartografía digital mediante procesos de digitalización y fotointerpretación. Los mapas obtenidos se basaron en el sistema de clasificación del INEGI, serie 1. La aplicación de un sistema de información geográfica (SIG permitió obtener la densidad de la cobertura forestal y analizar el cambio de uso de suelo y vegetación, identificando los procesos de disminución y/o incremento en la densidad de las zonas forestales. En el periodo estudiado, poco más de 9 700 ha de bosques de pino, latifoliadas u oyamel, sufrieron pérdidas de densidad, esto representó 20% de la superficie del área natural protegida. Las zonas boscosas que mostraron incrementos apenas alcanzaron 4 800 ha. El enfoque metodológico adoptado resultó especialmente válido para obtener información detallada y con un alto nivel de precisión. Dicha información constituye un punto de partida para estudios a profundidad del parque nacional.

Honey compared with silver sulphadiazine in the treatment of superficial partial-thickness burns.

Science.gov (United States)

Malik, Kamran Ishaque; Malik, M A Nasir; Aslam, Azhar

2010-10-01

Burn injury is associated with a high incidence of death and disability; yet, its management remains problematic and costly. We conducted this clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of honey in the treatment of superficial and partial-thickness burns covering less than 40% of body surface area and compared its results with those of silver sulphadiazine (SSD). In this randomised comparative clinical trial, carried out Burn Center of POF Hospital, Wah Cantt, Pakistan, from May 2007 to February 2008, 150 patients of all ages having similar types of superficial and partial-thickness burns at two sites on different parts of body were included. Each patient had one burn site treated with honey and one treated with topical SSD, randomly. The rate of re-epithelialization and healing of superficial and partial-thickness burns was significantly faster in the sites treated with honey than in the sites treated with SSD (13·47 ± 4·06 versus 15·62 ± 4·40 days, respectively: P honey healed completely in less than 21 days versus 24 days for the site treated with SSD. Six patients had positive culture for Pseudomonas aeroginsa in honey-treated site, whereas 27 patients had positive culture in SSD-treated site. The results clearly showed greater efficacy of honey over SSD cream for treating superficial and partial-thickness burns. 2010 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and Medicalhelplines.com Inc.

Intravenous spiral CT angiography for assessment before orthotopic liver transplantation: Comparison between tomography, MIP, 3-dimensional surface imaging and intraarterial DSA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hidajat, N.; Vogl, T.J.; Moeller, M.; Bechstein, W.O.; Felix, R.

1996-01-01

Purpose: To analyse the efficacy of intravenous spiral CT angiography (SCTA) for the evaluation before orthotopic liver transplantation (oLT) compared with DSA. Methods: Spiral CT was performed on 31 potential recipients of a liver graft in order to examine hepatic vessels, coeliac axis, splenic artery and superior mesenteric artery. The arterial vessels were reconstructed in 'Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP)' and 'Shaded Surface Display (SSD)'-technique. The axial images, MIP and SSD were compared in 25 patients with DSA with regard to the visualisation of the vascular anatomy, detectability of stenosis and vascular diameters. Results: The type of arterial liver supply could be determined via SCTA in all patients. Stenosis of the coeliac axis was seen in ten patients on the DSA, MIP and SSD and in eight patients on the axial images. Occlusion of the hepatic artery was clearly visualised in two patients on the DSA, axial images and MIP and in one patient on the SSD. There was no false positive diagnosis with SCTA. SSD was seen as the best technique to visualise the vessels without overshadowing. There were no significant differences between the diamters measured from the axial images, MIP and SSD images in transversal direction and the DSA images (p>0.05). Conclusion: SCTA is a greatly promising method for the imaging of vessels supplying the liver before oLT, and may convey more diagnostic information than DSA. (orig.) [de

Comparative study of Silver Sulfadiazine with other materials for healing and infection prevention in burns: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Nímia, Heloisa Helena; Carvalho, Viviane Fernandes; Isaac, Cesar; Souza, Francisley Ávila; Gemperli, Rolf; Paggiaro, André Oliveira

2018-06-11

The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to compare the effect of Silver Sulfadiazine (SSD) with other new dressings, with or without silver, on healing and infection prevention in burns. The electronic search was carried out in the electronic databases of Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Lilacs and BVS. The articles included were randomized clinical trials about burn treatment with SSD, which evaluated the healing and infection of burn wounds in humans. The exclusion criteria included articles, editorials and letters published in the form of abstracts, unpublished reports and case series, cross-sectional, observational experimental studies, and the use of sulfadiazine for other types of wounds. The search identified 873 references, and 24 studies were included in accordance with the eligibility criteria. The results showed a statistically favorable difference related to the time of healing for silver dressings (p0.05). The rate of infection was significantly higher in the SSD group compared with the group treated with dressings without silver (p<0.005; MD 25.29% and MD 12.97%). Considering the clinical trials conducted up to the present time, the authors concluded that new dressings with and without silver show better results than SSD for wound healing, and burns treated with dressings without silver are less likely to become infected than burns with SSD. No differences between SSD and new silver materials were observed in relation to infection prevention. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.

Differential gene expression in patients with subsyndromal symptomatic depression and major depressive disorder.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Chengqing; Hu, Guoqin; Li, Zezhi; Wang, Qingzhong; Wang, Xuemei; Yuan, Chengmei; Wang, Zuowei; Hong, Wu; Lu, Weihong; Cao, Lan; Chen, Jun; Wang, Yong; Yu, Shunying; Zhou, Yimin; Yi, Zhenghui; Fang, Yiru

2017-01-01

Subsyndromal symptomatic depression (SSD) is a subtype of subthreshold depressive and can lead to significant psychosocial functional impairment. Although the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and SSD still remains poorly understood, a set of studies have found that many same genetic factors play important roles in the etiology of these two disorders. Nowadays, the differential gene expression between MDD and SSD is still unknown. In our previous study, we compared the expression profile and made the classification with the leukocytes by using whole-genome cRNA microarrays among drug-free first-episode subjects with SSD, MDD and matched healthy controls (8 subjects in each group), and finally determined 48 gene expression signatures. Based on these findings, we further clarify whether these genes mRNA was different expressed in peripheral blood in patients with SSD, MDD and healthy controls (60 subjects respectively). With the help of the quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), we gained gene relative expression levels among the three groups. We found that there are three of the forty eight co-regulated genes had differential expression in peripheral blood among the three groups, which are CD84, STRN, CTNS gene (F = 3.528, p = 0.034; F = 3.382, p = 0.039; F = 3.801, p = 0.026, respectively) while there were no significant differences for other genes. CD84, STRN, CTNS gene may have significant value for performing diagnostic functions and classifying SSD, MDD and healthy controls.

El mercado laboral de los titulados en Biblioteconomía y Documentación: análisis de las ofertas de empleo publicadas en IWETEL durante el periodo 2000-2007

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Hugo Artaza

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Con la finalidad de describir las características que presentan las ofertas laborales destinadas a titulados en Biblioteconomía y Documentación en España se analizaron los ofrecimientos publicados en la lista de interés IWETEL durante el periodo 2000-2007. Con las ofertas se efectuaron análisis estadísticos referidos a: número de empleos ofertados, tipología de las organizaciones demandantes, requisitos solicitados y modalidad de los contratos. Se concluye que la mayor demanda de empleos proviene de organizaciones empresariales. Las organizaciones demandantes son mayormente del ámbito privado y el tipo de contrato ofrecido de carácter temporario. En relación a lo conocimientos requeridos, las áreas de Tecnología de la Información, Organización y Tratamiento de la Información e Idiomas figuran entre los más demandados por los empleadores.

Auditory and visual sustained attention in children with speech sound disorder.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristina F B Murphy

Full Text Available Although research has demonstrated that children with specific language impairment (SLI and reading disorder (RD exhibit sustained attention deficits, no study has investigated sustained attention in children with speech sound disorder (SSD. Given the overlap of symptoms, such as phonological memory deficits, between these different language disorders (i.e., SLI, SSD and RD and the relationships between working memory, attention and language processing, it is worthwhile to investigate whether deficits in sustained attention also occur in children with SSD. A total of 55 children (18 diagnosed with SSD (8.11 ± 1.231 and 37 typically developing children (8.76 ± 1.461 were invited to participate in this study. Auditory and visual sustained-attention tasks were applied. Children with SSD performed worse on these tasks; they committed a greater number of auditory false alarms and exhibited a significant decline in performance over the course of the auditory detection task. The extent to which performance is related to auditory perceptual difficulties and probable working memory deficits is discussed. Further studies are needed to better understand the specific nature of these deficits and their clinical implications.

A retrospective analysis of cannabis use in a cohort of mentally ill patients in Sri Lanka and its implications on policy development

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maithripala Chinthaka

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Several epidemiological studies have shown that cannabis; the most widely used illegal drug in the world, is associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD. Aims To assess the characteristics of cannabis use and its association with SSD in a cohort of psychiatrically ill patients and discuss the implications for policy development Methods This is a retrospective analytical study of a cohort of psychiatric patients who received treatment in the psychiatry unit of the Provincial General Hospital, Ratnapura, Sri Lanka over five years (2000 - 2004. The schizophrenia spectrum disorders defined in this article include schizophrenia and the schizoaffective disorders. Results A total of 3644 patient records were analyzed. The percentage of self reported life time cannabis (LTC use was 2.83% (103, all males. Sixteen percent (576 of the total cohort was diagnosed with SSD by 2009. Male sex and LTC use were significantly associated with SSD (p Conclusions Self reported LTC use was strongly associated with being diagnosed with SSD. However we could not identify a particular subgroup of users that are at increased risk to recommend targeted primary prophylaxis. The policy implications of this observation are discussed.

Speech abilities in preschool children with speech sound disorder with and without co-occurring language impairment.

Science.gov (United States)

Macrae, Toby; Tyler, Ann A

2014-10-01

The authors compared preschool children with co-occurring speech sound disorder (SSD) and language impairment (LI) to children with SSD only in their numbers and types of speech sound errors. In this post hoc quasi-experimental study, independent samples t tests were used to compare the groups in the standard score from different tests of articulation/phonology, percent consonants correct, and the number of omission, substitution, distortion, typical, and atypical error patterns used in the production of different wordlists that had similar levels of phonetic and structural complexity. In comparison with children with SSD only, children with SSD and LI used similar numbers but different types of errors, including more omission patterns ( p < .001, d = 1.55) and fewer distortion patterns ( p = .022, d = 1.03). There were no significant differences in substitution, typical, and atypical error pattern use. Frequent omission error pattern use may reflect a more compromised linguistic system characterized by absent phonological representations for target sounds (see Shriberg et al., 2005). Research is required to examine the diagnostic potential of early frequent omission error pattern use in predicting later diagnoses of co-occurring SSD and LI and/or reading problems.

Highly water-dispersible silver sulfadiazine decorated with polyvinyl pyrrolidone and its antibacterial activities

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Ping; Wu, Longlong [Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004 (China); Li, Binjie, E-mail: lbj821@163.com [Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004 (China); Medical School of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004 (China); Zhao, Yanbao [Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004 (China); Qu, Peng [Department of Chemistry, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000 (China)

2016-03-01

Highly water-dispersible silver sulfadiazine (SSD) was prepared by liquid phase method with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as a surface modification agent. The structure and morphology of the PVP-modified silver sulfadiazine (P-SSD) were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry. The produced particles are ginkgo leaf-like architecture with the sizes of micron-nanometer. Due to hydrophilic PVP decorated on the surface, the P-SSD has excellent dispersion in water over a period of 24 h, which is obviously stable by comparison to that of the commercial silver sulfadiazine (C-SSD). In addition, the P-SSD exhibits good antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). - Highlights: • Polyvinyl pyrrolidone decorated silver sulfadiazine was synthesized via a one-pot protocol. • The produced particles present ginkgo leaf-like architectures with sizes of micro-nanometer. • The resulted silver sulfadiazine has highly dispersible in water over a period of 24 h. • The obtained sliver sulfadiazine exhibits excellent antibacterial activities against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.

Topical silver sulfadiazine vs collagenase ointment for the treatment of partial thickness burns in children: a prospective randomized trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Ostlie, Daniel J; Juang, David; Aguayo, Pablo; Pettiford-Cunningham, Janine P; Erkmann, Erin A; Rash, Diane E; Sharp, Susan W; Sharp, Ronald J; St Peter, Shawn D

2012-06-01

The 2 most commonly used topical agents for partial thickness burns are silver sulfadiazine (SSD) and collagenase ointment (CO). Silver sulfadiazine holds antibacterial properties, and eschar separation occurs naturally. Collagenase ointment is an enzyme that cleaves denatured collagen facilitating separation but has no antibacterial properties. Currently, there are no prospective comparative data in children for these 2 agents. Therefore, we conducted a prospective randomized trial. After institutional review board approval, patients were randomized to daily debridement with SSD or CO. Primary outcome was the need for skin grafting. Patients were treated for 2 days with SSD with subsequent randomization. Polymyxin was mixed with CO for antibacterial coverage. Debridements were performed daily for 10 days or until the burn healed. Grafting was performed after 10 days if not healed. From January 2008 to January 2011, 100 patients were enrolled, with no differences in patient characteristics. There were no differences in clinical course, outcome, or need for skin grafting. Wound infections occurred in 7 patients treated with CO and 1 patient treated with SSD (P = .06). Collagenase ointment was more expensive than SSD (P burns results. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Pulsed high voltage electric discharge disinfection of microbially contaminated liquids.

Science.gov (United States)

Anpilov, A M; Barkhudarov, E M; Christofi, N; Kop'ev, V A; Kossyi, I A; Taktakishvili, M I; Zadiraka, Y

2002-01-01

To examine the use of a novel multielectrode slipping surface discharge (SSD) treatment system, capable of pulsed plasma discharge directly in water, in killing micro-organisms. Potable water containing Escherichia coli and somatic coliphages was treated with pulsed electric discharges generated by the SSD. The SSD system was highly efficient in the microbial disinfection of water with a low energy utilization (eta approximately 10-4 kW h l-1). The SSD treatment was effective in the destruction of E. coli and its coliphages through the generation of u.v. radiation, ozone and free radicals. The non-thermal treatment method can be used for the eradication of micro-organisms in a range of contaminated liquids, including milk, negating the use of pasteurization. The method utilizes multipoint electric discharges capable of treating large volumes of liquid under static and flowing regimes.

The joint discourse 'reflexive sustainable development'. From weak towards strong sustainable development

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nilsen, Heidi Rapp

2010-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to contribute towards moving the predominant situation of weak sustainable development (WSD) in the direction of strong sustainable development (SSD). More people - academics, politicians, bureaucrats and laymen alike - need to recognize SSD as an alternative to WSD. A joint discourse of WSD and SSD is suggested, called reflexive sustainable development. Here, advocates of WSD and SSD must argue for each specific case why their solution is better. This will expose, amongst other things, the ethical foundations which form part of resulting policy advice. Reflexive sustainable development is to be framed in discourse ethics, thereby remedying the power imbalance and allowing for substantial discussion. Reflexive sustainable development builds on a common theoretical base but will not lead to consensus in all matters. A family metaphor is introduced to inspire a discourse of both consensus and compromise. (author)

Análisis bibliométrico de la revista Medicina y Seguridad del Trabajo durante el periodo 2007-2012

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Velázquez López

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Se realiza un análisis bibliométrico de la revista Medicina y Seguridad del Trabajo para conocer los principales indicadores de producción científica en cuanto a visibilidad, tipología documental, autoría, referencias bibliográficas y citas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio bibliométrico transversal y temporal con análisis de tendencias durante el periodo comprendido entre 2007 y 2012. Los datos se obtienen de SciELO y de la propia revista. El tratamiento de datos se realiza mediante un estudio de frecuencias y porcentajes para los datos cualitativos y utilizando medias y desviaciones estándar en el caso de los cuantitativos. Resultados: El número de artículos originales y de revisión se mantienen con datos similares a los del quinquenio anterior. El índice de cooperación, 3 autores por artículo, es similar al descrito en otros trabajos. El número de referencias bibliográficas por artículo aumenta a partir de 2009 y se mantiene estable posteriormente. El porcentaje de artículos procedentes de Latinoamérica supone el 34% de los publicados. Discusión: Se observa un incremento del número de artículos originales del 50% aunque es inferior al descrito en otros estudios. El número de referencias bibliográficas medias por artículo es inferior al máximo recomendado en las normas de publicación de la revista. Durante los últimos años se detecta un fuerte impulso de la revista en lo que se refiere tanto a indicadores cuantitativos como a cualitativos.

OAS :: Secretariat for Strengthening Democracy (SSD)

Science.gov (United States)

Social Media Facebook @oasofficial Facebook Twitter @oas_official Twitter Newsletters Documents OAS Government. Media contact Department for Effective Public Management 1889 F St., N.W. Washington, D.C., 20006 Technology Social Development Summits of the Americas Sustainable Development T Telecommunications Terrorism

Relación entre periodo de amamantamiento y la presencia de hábitos nocivos en niños Venezolanos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María de las Nieves Hernández

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre período de amamantamiento y la presencia de hábitos nocivos en niños entre 3 y 6 años. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal y observacional, con una muestra de 37 niños que acudieron a la consulta de niño sano en el Ambulatorio Docente del Hospital Universitario de Caracas durante el mes de agosto del año 2013. Bajo aprobación y firma del consentimiento informado se entrevistaron a las madres para determinar su nivel educativo, la duración del período de amamantamiento y presencia hábitos viciosos bucales como succión de dedo u objeto, alergias y problemas de otorrinolaringología, un examen clínico bucal para el análisis de hábitos de deglución atípica y respiración bucal. Resultados: Se observó que aquellos pacientes que fueron amamantados por un periodo mayor a 6 meses presentaron menos enfermedades alérgicas y de Otorrrinolaringología, así como menos presencia de hábitos viciosos bucales como: uso de chupete, biberón, deglución atípica y respiración bucal. Conclusión: Se observa en los niños estudiados la importancia del amamantamiento en los primeros meses de vida para lograr una maduración adecuada en las funciones del aparato bucal, sin presencia de hábitos viciosos bucales, así como también un crecimiento y desarrollo óptimo de su estructura cráneo facial.

PUBLICACIONES DE LA REVISTA AGRONOMÍA MESOAMERICANA DURANTE EL PERIODO 1990-2010: CLASIFICACIÓN, TEMÁTICA, PAÍSES Y DIFUSIÓN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nelson Pe\\u00F1a Navarro

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la temática y procedencia de las publicaciones de la revista Agronomía Me soamericana durante el periodo comprendido entre 1990-2010. Esta revista es el Órgano divulgativo del Programa Cooperativo Ce ntroamericano para el Me joramie nto de Cultivos y Animales (PCCMCA . Desde el inicio en 1990 a la fecha se han publicado 629 trabajos de los cuales el 63% son artículos científicos, 26% notas técnicas, 8% son análisis y comentarios, mientras que las informaciones técnicas y las revisiones bibliográficas poseen 2% cada uno. Costa Rica y México son los países con mayor cantidad de trabajos publicados, con 37 y 32% respectivamente, seguidos de El Sa lvador, Guatemala, Honduras y Cuba. Los principa les temas tratados son el maíz (24% y el frijol (21%, seguidos de los forrajes (7% y el de ganado lechero (4%, mie ntras que el arroz, el sorgo, las malezas y el pejibaye alcanzaron el 3% cada uno. El porcentaje de rechazo de los trabajos sometidos a publicación durante el 2010 fue del 20%. Se destaca la distribución impresa de la revista a treinta países alrededor del mundo, a bibliotecas así como a centros de documentación principalmente a los continentes de América, Europa, Asia y algunas de las islas del Ca ribe.

La influencia de los sub-complejos de seguridad regional en la evolución del problema de las drogas como amenaza a la seguridad hemisférica en el marco de la Organización de Estados Americanos. Periodo 2003-2013

OpenAIRE

Poveda Parra, Carlos José

2016-01-01

El objetivo de este trabajo monográfico es analizar la evolución del problema de las drogas dentro del marco de la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA) durante el periodo comprendido entre los años 2003 y 2013. Se desarrolla un estudio sobre los dos grupos de países que más han participado en lo concerniente a este tema. Por un lado Estados Unidos, Canadá y México; y por otro lado Colombia, Perú y Bolivia son lo países que por sus lógicas y tendencias han impulsado este problema y su evol...

Genetic variability of sexual size dimorphism in a natural population ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Unknown

Most animal species exhibit sexual size dimorphism (SSD). SSD is a trait difficult to ...... 26, 15–28. Charnov E. L. 1982 The theory of sex allocation. Princeton .... success in Drosophila melanogaster: the roles of male and female behavior. Anim ...

Een procesgerichte aanpak van differentiaaldiagnose en therapieplanning bij spraakontwikkelingsstoornissen

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Terband, H.R.; Maassen, Ben; Maas, Edwin

2016-01-01

The classification and differentiation of paediatric speech sound disorders (SSD) remains a controversial issue. The definitions used in classifying childhood SSD and motor speech disorders (MSD) refer to speech production processes, and accordingly a variety of methods of intervention has been

Gesto e movimento per la comprensione musicale. Ascolto dal “Carnevale degli animali” di Camille Saint-Saëns

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chiara Sintoni

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Questo percorso didattico è rivolto alle ultime due classi della scuola dell’infanzia e alle prime due classi della scuola primaria, ed è incentrato su alcuni brani da Le Carnaval des Animaux (1886 del compositore, pianista e organista francese Camille Saint-Saëns (Parigi,1835-Algeri,1921. Il percorso è adatto alla scuola dell’infanzia e primaria perché insegna alcune nozioni di base della musica e una prima grammatica della comprensione musicale all’ascolto. Il lavoro si basa sull’utilizzo del gesto e del movimento finalizzati alla comprensione del brano all’ascolto. Gesto e movimento sono due risorse utilissime nella didattica rivolta all’infanzia: nel nostro caso, daremo un esempio di come possano sviluppare nei bambini la capacità di ascoltare la musica in profondità e di promuoverne un ascolto oggettivo, ovvero riflessivo.

THE REAL PREVALENCE OF EROSIVE ESOPHAGITIS AND BARRETT'S ESOPHAGUS IN SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA: DATA FROM 12-MONTHS PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrey Evgenievich Karateev

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Complicated forms of reflux-esophagitis, i.e., erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus (BE — are common types of visceral pathology in systemic scleroderma (SSD, which require adequate therapy and follow up. Although real prevalence of esophageal involvement in SSD in Russian patients remains uncertain. Objective — to identify prevalence of erosive esophagitis and BE, and to quantify gastro-intestinal (GI symptoms in patients with SSD. Material and methods. During 1 year (December 2009 — January 2011 all consecutive SSD patients, hospitalized to FSBI «SRIR» RAMS, after signing informed consent, were subjected to esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy of esophageal mucosa in upper 1/3. Totally 123 patients were examined (96,8% females, 3,2% males, aged 50,5±13,1 years. Esophageal mucous was evaluated for presence of pathologic changes and BE (intestinal metaplasia in biopsy samples was a BE diagnostic criterion. SODA questionnaire was used to quantify GIT symptoms Results. Erosive esophagitis was detected in 30 (24,3% patients, BE — in 11 (8,9%. In 80% of patients marked changes in esophageal mucosa were associated with typical symptoms (heartburn, regurgitaion, dysphagia, while in some cases (in 3 patients erosive esophagitis and BE were asymptomatic. Quantitative evaluation of symptoms with SODA questionnaire demonstrated clear correlation between subjective assessment and severity of esophageal pathologic changes. In patients with erosive gastritis and BE the SODA «pain» and «non-pain» parameters scores were significantly higher and satisfaction in dyspepsia management was lower (p<0,05, then in individuals without erosions and mucosal inflammation. Here was no clear correlation between esophageal pathology and SSD type (limited, diffuse, age, duration of the disease, presence of pulmonary interstitial lesion and Sjogren's syndrome. Patients with erosive esophagitis were significantly more often (36,6% using proton pomp

Introducing the refined gravity hypothesis of extreme sexual size dimorphism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Corcobado Guadalupe

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Explanations for the evolution of female-biased, extreme Sexual Size Dimorphism (SSD, which has puzzled researchers since Darwin, are still controversial. Here we propose an extension of the Gravity Hypothesis (i.e., the GH, which postulates a climbing advantage for small males that in conjunction with the fecundity hypothesis appears to have the most general power to explain the evolution of SSD in spiders so far. In this "Bridging GH" we propose that bridging locomotion (i.e., walking upside-down under own-made silk bridges may be behind the evolution of extreme SSD. A biomechanical model shows that there is a physical constraint for large spiders to bridge. This should lead to a trade-off between other traits and dispersal in which bridging would favor smaller sizes and other selective forces (e.g. fecundity selection in females would favor larger sizes. If bridging allows faster dispersal, small males would have a selective advantage by enjoying more mating opportunities. We predicted that both large males and females would show a lower propensity to bridge, and that SSD would be negatively correlated with sexual dimorphism in bridging propensity. To test these hypotheses we experimentally induced bridging in males and females of 13 species of spiders belonging to the two clades in which bridging locomotion has evolved independently and in which most of the cases of extreme SSD in spiders are found. Results We found that 1 as the degree of SSD increased and females became larger, females tended to bridge less relative to males, and that 2 smaller males and females show a higher propensity to bridge. Conclusions Physical constraints make bridging inefficient for large spiders. Thus, in species where bridging is a very common mode of locomotion, small males, by being more efficient at bridging, will be competitively superior and enjoy more mating opportunities. This "Bridging GH" helps to solve the controversial question of

Annual incidence rate of schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders in a longitudinal population-based cohort study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sutterland, Arjen L.; Dieleman, Jeanne; Storosum, Jitschak G.; Voordouw, Bettie A. C.; Kroon, Jojanneke; Veldhuis, Joris; Denys, Damiaan A. J. P.; de Haan, Lieuwe; Sturkenboom, Miriam C. J. M.

2013-01-01

Longitudinal incidence studies of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) performed in mental health service organizations are prone to confounding factors not found in research performed in the general population. To estimate the incidence rates (IRs) over a 10-year period of SSD (broadly defined)

Downside Risk and Asset Pricing

NARCIS (Netherlands)

G.T. Post (Thierry); P. van Vliet (Pim)

2004-01-01

textabstractWe analyze if the value-weighted stock market portfolio is second-order stochastic dominance (SSD) efficient relative to benchmark portfolios formed on size, value, and momentum. In the process, we also develop several methodological improvements to the existing tests for SSD efficiency.

Confirming the species-sensitivity distribution concept for endosulfan using laboratory, mesocosm, and field data

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hose, G.C.; Brink, van den P.J.

2004-01-01

In Australia, water-quality trigger values for toxicants are derived using protective concentration values based on species-sensitivity distribution (SSD) curves. SSD curves are generally derived from laboratory data with an emphasis on using local or site-specific data. In this study, Australian

La incapacidad permanente en una empresa pública en el periodo 1995-2009 Permanent incapacity in a public company from 1995-2009

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Carlos Marchena Aparicio

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: La cuantificación de las relaciones entre salud, medio laboral y capacidad para el trabajo nos permite descifrar aspectos importantes de la incapacidad permanente. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir las características de la población trabajadora de la Diputación Provincial de Cádiz a la que se le concedió una incapacidad permanente en el periodo 1995-2009. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo sobre el total de trabajadores/as con incapacidad permanente en el periodo descrito que considera las siguientes variables: sexo, edad, antigüedad, tipo de ocupación, causa de la incapacidad permanente, días de incapacidad temporal y número de incapacidades temporales concedidas en los 5 años previos, recogidas a través de archivos documentales. Resultados: El número de incapacidades permanentes concedidas ascendió a 192. Un 53,1% fueron mujeres; funcionarios el 59,9%; la edad de concesión fue de 54,06 años de media con 24,98 años de antigüedad en la empresa; el tipo de trabajo en el que más incapacidad permanente se concedieron es el manual, 44,8%; El tipo de patología más frecuente de incapacidad permanente fueron las enfermedades músculo-esqueléticas (29,7%, neoplasias (23,4% y trastornos mentales (18,8%, asociándose significativamente dicha variable con el sexo (p=0,006, el tipo de trabajo desempeñado (p=0,007, la edad de concesión (pObjectives: The quantifying relationship between health, working environment and work capacity allows us to unravel important aspects of permanent incapacity (PI. One of the objectives of this study is to describe working population characteristics of the Provincial Council of Cadiz who were granted permanent incapacity from 1995 to 2009. Method: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out amongst all the workers with PI in the period described with the following variables taken into account: gender, age, time working for the company, type of

Deporte y democratización en un periodo de cambio. Evolución del fenómeno deportivo en Barcelona durante la transición democrática (1975-1982

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sixte Abadía Naudí

2008-09-01

Full Text Available El análisis de la evolución del fenómeno deportivo en la ciudad de Barcelona durante la transición democrática (1975-1982 es el objeto de estudio de esta tesis doctoral. El mencionado periodo constituyó un marco de profundas transformaciones jurídicas, sociales y políticas que posibilitaron la definitiva modernización del país y la masiva incorporación del deporte entre los nuevos estilos de vida de los españoles. Desde una perspectiva historiográfica pues, esta investigación se aproxima a la realidad del fenómeno deportivo durante la transición democrática, con la intención de determinar si en paralelo a la democratización del sistema político estatal se produjo un proceso de masificación deportiva en la ciudad de Barcelona. Este estudio presenta una estructura cronológica y temática, ahondando en las actuaciones entorno a las manifestaciones deportivas de las diferentes administraciones –estatal, autonómica, provincial y municipal- y del asociacionismo deportivo y vecinal, durante el periodo 1975-1982. En este sentido, se observa que pese a la reestructuración gubernamental estatal característica de la primera mitad de la transición democrática (1975-1979, siguió siendo el asociacionismo deportivo el principal promotor de la transformación del fenómeno deportivo en la ciudad condal. A partir de las elecciones municipales del 3 de abril de 1979 y hasta las elecciones legislativas del octubre de 1982, el Ayuntamiento de Barcelona pasó a liderar la mencionada transformación a través de la implementación de una diversificada política deportiva que, a su vez, aceleró la evolución del asociacionismo deportivo hacia planteamientos más cercanos al deporte para todos. A su vez, cabe mencionar la intensificación del colaboracionismo existente entre las diferentes administraciones y el asociacionismo deportivo y vecinal como consecuencia de la definición de las políticas deportivas municipal, provincial y auton

Can sexual selection drive female life histories? A comparative study on Galliform birds.

Science.gov (United States)

Kolm, N; Stein, R W; Mooers, A Ø; Verspoor, J J; Cunningham, E J A

2007-03-01

Sexual selection has been identified as a major evolutionary force shaping male life history traits but its impact on female life history evolution is less clear. Here we examine the impact of sexual selection on three key female traits (body size, egg size and clutch size) in Galliform birds. Using comparative independent contrast analyses and directional discrete analyses, based on published data and a new genera-level supertree phylogeny of Galliform birds, we investigated how sexual selection [quantified as sexual size dimorphism (SSD) and social mating system (MS)] affects these three important female traits. We found that female body mass was strongly and positively correlated with egg size but not with clutch size, and that clutch size decreased as egg size increased. We established that SSD was related to MS, and then used SSD as a proxy of the strength of sexual selection. We found both a positive relationship between SSD and female body mass and egg size and that increases in female body mass and egg size tend to occur following increases in SSD in this bird order. This pattern of female body mass increases lagging behind changes in SSD, established using our directional discrete analysis, suggests that female body mass increases as a response to increases in the level of sexual selection and not simply through a strong genetic relationship with male body mass. This suggests that sexual selection is linked to changes in female life history traits in Galliformes and we discuss how this link may shape patterns of life history variation among species.

High-speed Imaging of Vocal Fold Vibration Onset Delay: Normal Versus Abnormal.

Science.gov (United States)

Woo, Peak

2017-05-01

Vocal fold vibration onset delay (VFVOD) is heard frequently in spasmodic dysphonia and in muscle tension dysphonia. VFVOD changes due to other vocal pathologies have not been investigated. VFVOD during sustained vowel production was estimated with high-speed video in 10 normal and 40 pathologic subjects (scars, vocal fold paralysis, vocal fold nodules, and polyps). Analysis of high-speed video was done using digital kymography. VFVOD can be divided into two portions. Pre-phonation delay (PPD) is the duration when the vocal folds are nearly approximated to the time of first observed oscillation. Steady state delay (SSD) is the time when vocal folds are observed to come into oscillation until steady state of oscillation is observed. Normal subjects have almost zero PPD with vocal fold oscillation observed before full vocal fold adduction. Pathologic cases showed prolonged PPD because of (1) false cord adduction, (2) prolonged true vocal fold adduction, and (3) delay to onset of vocal fold vibration. Normal subjects have SSD of three to five cycles before steady state. Pathologic states result in increased SSD. Causes for increased SSD include (1) slow ramping up to steady state, (2) partial vibration of vocal folds, and (3) diplophonia with alternating beats before achieving steady state. There are significant differences between normal and pathology groups in both PPD and SSD. VFVOD is elevated in pathologic states. This can be due to increase in PPD or SSD. VFVOD is an under-recognized phenomenon that may contribute to complaints of vocal fatigue and dysphonia. Copyright © 2017 The Voice Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ecological risk assessment of mixtures of radiological and chemical stressors: Methodology to implement an msPAF approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beaumelle, Léa; Della Vedova, Claire; Beaugelin-Seiller, Karine; Garnier-Laplace, Jacqueline; Gilbin, Rodolphe

2017-01-01

A main challenge in ecological risk assessment is to account for the impact of multiple stressors. Nuclear facilities can release both radiological and chemical stressors in the environment. This study is the first to apply species sensitivity distribution (SSD) combined with mixture models (concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA)) to derive an integrated proxy of the ecological impact of combined radiological and chemical stressors: msPAF (multisubstance potentially affected fraction of species). The approach was tested on the routine liquid effluents from nuclear power plants that contain both radioactive and stable chemicals. The SSD of ionising radiation was significantly flatter than the SSD of 8 stable chemicals (namely Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, B, chlorides and sulphates). This difference in shape had strong implications for the selection of the appropriate mixture model: contrarily to the general expectations the IA model gave more conservative (higher msPAF) results than the CA model. The msPAF approach was further used to rank the relative potential impact of radiological versus chemical stressors. - Highlights: • msPAF methodology was applied on mixtures of radiological and chemical stressors. • A consistent set of chronic SSDs was collected for ionising radiation and 8 stable chemicals. • The SSD of ionising radiation had lower steepness than the SSD of stable chemicals. • This resulted in higher msPAF values based on the IA than on the CA mixture model. - The msPAF approach combining SSD and mixture models was used for the first time on mixtures of radiological and chemical stressors.

Future Needs and Recommendations in the Development of Species Sensitivity Distributions: Estimating Toxicity Thresholds for Aquatic Ecological Communities and Assessing Impacts of Chemical Exposures

Science.gov (United States)

A species sensitivity distribution (SSD) is a probability model of the variation of species sensitivities to a stressor, in particular chemical exposure. The SSD approach has been used as a decision support tool in environmental protection and management since the 1980s, and the ...

Ranking Performance Measures in Multi-Task Agencies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Peter Ove; Sabac, Florin; Tian, Joyce

We derive sufficient conditions for ranking performance evaluation systems in multi-task agency models using both optimal and linear contracts in terms of a second-order stochastic dominance (SSD) condition on the likelihood ratios. The SSD condition can be replaced by a variance-covariance matrix...

Using the Solution Space Diagram in Measuring the Effect of Sector Complexity During Merging Scenarios

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Abdul Rahman, S.M.B.; Van Paassen, M.M.; Mulder, M.

2011-01-01

When designing Air Traffic Control (ATC) sectors and procedures, traffic complexity and workload are important issues. For predicting ATC workload, metrics based on the Solution Space Diagram (SSD) have been proposed. This paper studies the effect of sector design on workload and SSD metrics. When

Auditory feedback perturbation in children with developmental speech disorders

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Terband, H.R.; van Brenk, F.J.; van Doornik-van der Zee, J.C.

2014-01-01

Background/purpose: Several studies indicate a close relation between auditory and speech motor functions in children with speech sound disorders (SSD). The aim of this study was to investigate the ability to compensate and adapt for perturbed auditory feedback in children with SSD compared to

Statistical Inference on Stochastic Dominance Efficiency. Do Omitted Risk Factors Explain the Size and Book-to-Market Effects?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

G.T. Post (Thierry)

2003-01-01

textabstractThis paper discusses statistical inference on the second-order stochastic dominance (SSD) efficiency of a given portfolio relative to all portfolios formed from a set of assets. We derive the asymptotic sampling distribution of the Post test statistic for SSD efficiency. Unfortunately, a

Calculating the number of shock waves, expulsion time, and optimum stone parameters based on noncontrast computerized tomography characteristics.

Science.gov (United States)

Foda, Khaled; Abdeldaeim, Hussein; Youssif, Mohamed; Assem, Akram

2013-11-01

To define the parameters that accompanied a successful extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), namely the number of shock waves (SWs), expulsion time (ET), mean stone density (MSD), and the skin-to-stone distance (SSD). A total of 368 patients diagnosed with renal calculi using noncontrast computerized tomography had their MSD, diameter, and SSD recorded. All patients were treated using a Siemens lithotripter. ESWL success meant a stone-free status or presence of residual fragments 934 HUs and SSD >99 mm. The required number of SWs and the expected ET can be anticipated. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Sine-square deformation of solvable spin chains and conformal field theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Katsura, Hosho

2012-01-01

We study solvable spin chains, one-dimensional massless Dirac fermions and conformal field theories (CFTs) with sine-square deformation (SSD), in which the Hamiltonian density is modulated by the function f(x) = sin  2 (πx/ℓ), where x is the position and ℓ is the length of the system. For the XY chain and the transverse field Ising chain at criticality, it is shown that the ground state of an open system with SSD is identical to that of a uniform chain with periodic boundary conditions. The same holds for the massless Dirac fermions with SSD, corresponding to the continuum limit of the gapless XY chain. For general CFTs, we find that the Hamiltonian of a system with SSD has an expression in terms of the generators of the Virasoro algebra. This allows us to show that the vacuum state is an exact eigenstate of the sine-square deformed Hamiltonian. Furthermore, for a restricted class of CFTs associated with affine Lie (Kac–Moody) algebras, including c = 1 Gaussian CFT, we prove that the vacuum is an exact ground state of the deformed Hamiltonian. This explains why the SSD has succeeded in suppressing boundary effects in one-dimensional critical systems, as observed in previous numerical studies. (paper)

Differential Diagnosis of Speech Sound Disorder (Phonological Disorder): Audiological Assessment beyond the Pure-tone Audiogram.

Science.gov (United States)

Iliadou, Vasiliki Vivian; Chermak, Gail D; Bamiou, Doris-Eva

2015-04-01

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, diagnosis of speech sound disorder (SSD) requires a determination that it is not the result of other congenital or acquired conditions, including hearing loss or neurological conditions that may present with similar symptomatology. To examine peripheral and central auditory function for the purpose of determining whether a peripheral or central auditory disorder was an underlying factor or contributed to the child's SSD. Central auditory processing disorder clinic pediatric case reports. Three clinical cases are reviewed of children with diagnosed SSD who were referred for audiological evaluation by their speech-language pathologists as a result of slower than expected progress in therapy. Audiological testing revealed auditory deficits involving peripheral auditory function or the central auditory nervous system. These cases demonstrate the importance of increasing awareness among professionals of the need to fully evaluate the auditory system to identify auditory deficits that could contribute to a patient's speech sound (phonological) disorder. Audiological assessment in cases of suspected SSD should not be limited to pure-tone audiometry given its limitations in revealing the full range of peripheral and central auditory deficits, deficits which can compromise treatment of SSD. American Academy of Audiology.

Efeito direto e interativo do período de avaliação sobre a orientação temporal dos gestores Efecto directo e interactivo del periodo de evaluación en la orientación de tiempo de gestión Direct and interactive effect of evaluation period on managerial time orientation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andson Braga de Aguiar

2013-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo neste estudo é investigar o efeito direto e interativo do período de avaliação sobre a orientação temporal dos gestores (OTG, isto é, o horizonte de tempo entre o momento de alocação de recursos e o momento do impacto financeiro dessa alocação. Tendo por base a literatura contábil e econômica, são examinadas as seguintes hipóteses: um período de avaliação mais de longo prazo afeta positivamente a OTG e o efeito positivo de um período de avaliação mais de longo prazo sobre a OTG é maior no caso de maior importância atribuída a medidas não financeiras do que a medidas financeiras de desempenho. Aplica-se a técnica estatística de mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS para testar as hipóteses deste estudo, sendo os dados coletados por meio de um levantamento realizado junto a 66 gestores de nível intermediário que atuam em 11 empresas. Os resultados sugerem que o período de avaliação não possui efeitos diretos sobre a OTG; no entanto, quando considerada sua interação com a medida de desempenho, os resultados indicam que o efeito do período de avaliação sobre a OTG depende da importância relativa de medidas financeiras versus não financeiras. A principal implicação desses resultados é que o uso de um período de avaliação de longo prazo em combinação com um peso maior atribuído a medidas não financeiras de desempenho não afeta positivamente a OTG; ao contrário, esse efeito positivo sobre a OTG está presente quando um período de avaliação de curto prazo está associado a menor importância de medidas não financeiras de desempenho.El objetivo en este estudio es investigar el efecto directo e interactivo del periodo de evaluación en la orientación de tiempo de gestión (OTG, es decir, el horizonte temporal entre el momento de la asignación de recursos y el tiempo de sus efectos financieros. Con base en la literatura contable y sobre economía, se examinan las siguientes hipótesis: i un

Predictors of remission and recovery in a first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder sample: 2-year follow-up of the OPUS trial

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Petersen, Lone; Thorup, Anne; Øqhlenschlaeger, Johan

2008-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To examine the frequency and predictors of good outcome for patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). METHOD: We conducted a 2-year follow-up of a cohort of patients (n = 547) with first-episode SSD. We evaluated the patients on demographic variables, diagnosis...

Performance analysis of three-dimensional-triple-level cell and two-dimensional-multi-level cell NAND flash hybrid solid-state drives

Science.gov (United States)

Sakaki, Yukiya; Yamada, Tomoaki; Matsui, Chihiro; Yamaga, Yusuke; Takeuchi, Ken

2018-04-01

In order to improve performance of solid-state drives (SSDs), hybrid SSDs have been proposed. Hybrid SSDs consist of more than two types of NAND flash memories or NAND flash memories and storage-class memories (SCMs). However, the cost of hybrid SSDs adopting SCMs is more expensive than that of NAND flash only SSDs because of the high bit cost of SCMs. This paper proposes unique hybrid SSDs with two-dimensional (2D) horizontal multi-level cell (MLC)/three-dimensional (3D) vertical triple-level cell (TLC) NAND flash memories to achieve higher cost-performance. The 2D-MLC/3D-TLC hybrid SSD achieves up to 31% higher performance than the conventional 2D-MLC/2D-TLC hybrid SSD. The factors of different performance between the proposed hybrid SSD and the conventional hybrid SSD are analyzed by changing its block size, read/write/erase latencies, and write unit of 3D-TLC NAND flash memory, by means of a transaction-level modeling simulator.

The health preoccupation diagnostic interview: inter-rater reliability of a structured interview for diagnostic assessment of DSM-5 somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder.

Science.gov (United States)

Axelsson, Erland; Andersson, Erik; Ljótsson, Brjánn; Wallhed Finn, Daniel; Hedman, Erik

2016-06-01

Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) and illness anxiety disorder (IAD) are two new diagnoses introduced in the DSM-5. There is a need for reliable instruments to facilitate the assessment of these disorders. We therefore developed a structured diagnostic interview, the Health Preoccupation Diagnostic Interview (HPDI), which we hypothesized would reliably differentiate between SSD, IAD, and no diagnosis. Persons with clinically significant health anxiety (n = 52) and healthy controls (n = 52) were interviewed using the HPDI. Diagnoses were then compared with those made by an independent assessor, who listened to audio recordings of the interviews. Ratings generally indicated moderate to almost perfect inter-rater agreement, as illustrated by an overall Cohen's κ of .85. Disagreements primarily concerned (a) the severity of somatic symptoms, (b) the differential diagnosis of panic disorder, and (c) SSD specifiers. We conclude that the HPDI can be used to reliably diagnose DSM-5 SSD and IAD.

Energy transfers in large-scale and small-scale dynamos

Science.gov (United States)

Samtaney, Ravi; Kumar, Rohit; Verma, Mahendra

2015-11-01

We present the energy transfers, mainly energy fluxes and shell-to-shell energy transfers in small-scale dynamo (SSD) and large-scale dynamo (LSD) using numerical simulations of MHD turbulence for Pm = 20 (SSD) and for Pm = 0.2 on 10243 grid. For SSD, we demonstrate that the magnetic energy growth is caused by nonlocal energy transfers from the large-scale or forcing-scale velocity field to small-scale magnetic field. The peak of these energy transfers move towards lower wavenumbers as dynamo evolves, which is the reason for the growth of the magnetic fields at the large scales. The energy transfers U2U (velocity to velocity) and B2B (magnetic to magnetic) are forward and local. For LSD, we show that the magnetic energy growth takes place via energy transfers from large-scale velocity field to large-scale magnetic field. We observe forward U2U and B2B energy flux, similar to SSD.

Post Fire Safe Shutdown Analysis Using a Fault Tree Logic Model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yim, Hyun Tae; Park, Jun Hyun

2005-01-01

Every nuclear power plant should have its own fire hazard analysis including the fire safe shutdown analysis. A safe shutdown (SSD) analysis is performed to demonstrate the capability of the plant to safely shut down for a fire in any given area. The basic assumption is that there will be fire damage to all cables and equipment located within a common fire area. When evaluating the SSD capabilities of the plant, based on a review of the systems, equipment and cables within each fire area, it should be determined which shutdown paths are either unaffected or least impacted by a postulated fire within the fire area. Instead of seeking a success path for safe shutdown given all cables and equipment damaged by a fire, there can be an alternative approach to determine the SSD capability: fault tree analysis. This paper introduces the methodology for fire SSD analysis using a fault tree logic model

Postoperative three-dimensional CT angiography after cerebral aneurysm clipping with titanium clips: detection with single detector CT. Comparison with intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sakuma, I.; Tomura, N.; Kinouchi, H.; Takahashi, S.; Otani, T.; Watarai, J.; Mizoi, K.

2006-01-01

AIM: To assess the significance of three-dimensional computed tomography angiography (3D-CTA) in detecting remnant necks after cerebral aneurysm clipping. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 59 patients (77 aneurysms) underwent surgery using titanium clips. Two blinded observers independently evaluated the presence of neck remnants on shaded-surface display (SSD) imaging, volume rendered (VR) imaging, and intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (IADSA). RESULTS: Mean sensitivity and specificity for detecting neck remnants were 50.0 and 74.2% for SSD imaging, 61.5 and 82.8% for VR imaging, and 92.3 and 92.2% for IADSA, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed excellent diagnostic performance for IADSA [mean area under ROC curve (Az)=0.97], and good diagnostic performance for 3D-CTA (Az=0.70 and 0.76 for SSD and VR, respectively). Specificity of VR was better than that SSD (p=0.082), however, there was no significant difference between them. CONCLUSION: Use of 3D-CTA techniques can facilitate postoperative evaluation

Uniform irradiation of adjustable target spots in high-power laser driver

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jiang Xiujuan; Li Jinghui; Li Huagang; Li Yang; Lin Zunqi

2011-01-01

For smoothing and shaping the on-target laser patterns flexibly in high-power laser drivers, a scheme has been developed that includes a zoom lens array and two-dimensional smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD). The size of the target pattern can be controlled handily by adjusting the focal length of the zoom lens array, while the profile of the pattern can be shaped by fine tuning the distance between the target and the focal plane of the principal focusing lens. High-frequency stripes inside the pattern caused by beamlet interference are wiped off by spectral dispersion. Detailed simulations indicate that SSD works somewhat differently for spots of different sizes. For small spots, SSD mainly smooths the intensity modulation of low-to-middle spatial frequency, while for large spots, SSD sweeps the fine speckle structure to reduce nonuniformity of middle-to-high frequency. Spatial spectra of the target patterns are given and their uniformity is evaluated.

A multigenerational family study of oral and hand motor sequencing ability provides evidence for a familial speech sound disorder subtype

Science.gov (United States)

Peter, Beate; Raskind, Wendy H.

2011-01-01

Purpose To evaluate phenotypic expressions of speech sound disorder (SSD) in multigenerational families with evidence of familial forms of SSD. Method Members of five multigenerational families (N = 36) produced rapid sequences of monosyllables and disyllables and tapped computer keys with repetitive and alternating movements. Results Measures of repetitive and alternating motor speed were correlated within and between the two motor systems. Repetitive and alternating motor speeds increased in children and decreased in adults as a function of age. In two families with children who had severe speech deficits consistent with disrupted praxis, slowed alternating, but not repetitive, oral movements characterized most of the affected children and adults with a history of SSD, and slowed alternating hand movements were seen in some of the biologically related participants as well. Conclusion Results are consistent with a familial motor-based SSD subtype with incomplete penetrance, motivating new clinical questions about motor-based intervention not only in the oral but also the limb system. PMID:21909176

Cryptic sexual size dimorphism in Malagasy plovers Charadrius spp ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Taken together, our work reports SSD in small African plovers that exhibit monomorphic plumage, and we propose that SSD may be more common than currently acknowledged; we term this 'cryptic sexual size dimorphism'. Our results also suggest sexual selection and/or natural selection exert different pressures on body ...

The Clinical Practice of Speech and Language Therapists with Children with Phonologically Based Speech Sound Disorders

Science.gov (United States)

Oliveira, Carla; Lousada, Marisa; Jesus, Luis M. T.

2015-01-01

Children with speech sound disorders (SSD) represent a large number of speech and language therapists' caseloads. The intervention with children who have SSD can involve different therapy approaches, and these may be articulatory or phonologically based. Some international studies reveal a widespread application of articulatory based approaches in…

Case complexity in outpatients in a centre of excellence for somatic symptom disorder : A cross-sectional study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Eck van der Sluijs, J.F.; de Vroege, L.; van Manen, A.S.; van der Thiel, E.; Timmermans, A.; Pouwer, F.; van der Feltz-Cornelis, C.M.

2016-01-01

Background: At the Clinical Centre of Excellence for Body, Mind and Health, integrated care models are used to provide treatment to patients with Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders (SSD). The aim of this study is to describe complexity of SSD patients using the INTERMED. This instrument has been

Partial-thickness burn wounds healing by topical treatment

Science.gov (United States)

Saeidinia, Amin; Keihanian, Faeze; Lashkari, Ardalan Pasdaran; Lahiji, Hossein Ghavvami; Mobayyen, Mohammadreza; Heidarzade, Abtin; Golchai, Javad

2017-01-01

Abstract Background: Burns are common event and associated with a high incidence of death, disability, and high costs. Centella asiatica (L.) is a medicinal herb, commonly growing in humid areas in several tropical countries that improve wound healing. On the basis of previous studies, we compared the efficacy of Centiderm versus silver sulfadiazine (SSD) in partial thickness burning patients. Methods: Study population comprised burn victims referred to Velayat Burning Hospital at Rasht, Iran. The intervention group received Centiderm and control group SSD cream. Burn wounds were treated once daily at home. All of the wounds were evaluated till complete healing occurred and at the admission, days 3, 7, 14 objective signs; visual acuity score (VAS) and subjective signs were recorded. Re-epithelialization time and complete healing days were recorded. We used random fixed block for randomization. The randomization sequence was created using the computer. Patients and burning specialist physician were blinded. Results: Seventy-five patients randomized into 2 groups; (40 patients: Centiderm group; 35 patients: SSD group). The mean age of them was 30.67 ± 9.91 years and 19 of them were male (31.7%). Thirty patients in Centiderm and 30 patients in SSD group were analyzed. All of objective and subjective signs and mean of re-epithelialization and complete healing were significantly better in Centiderm group rather than SSD group (P < 0.05). There was no infection in Centiderm group. Conclusions: We showed that use of Centiderm ointment not only improved the objective and subjective signs in less than 3 days, but also the re-epithelialization and complete healing rather than SSD without any infection in the subjects. PMID:28248871

Partial-thickness burn wounds healing by topical treatment: A randomized controlled comparison between silver sulfadiazine and centiderm.

Science.gov (United States)

Saeidinia, Amin; Keihanian, Faeze; Lashkari, Ardalan Pasdaran; Lahiji, Hossein Ghavvami; Mobayyen, Mohammadreza; Heidarzade, Abtin; Golchai, Javad

2017-03-01

Burns are common event and associated with a high incidence of death, disability, and high costs. Centella asiatica (L.) is a medicinal herb, commonly growing in humid areas in several tropical countries that improve wound healing. On the basis of previous studies, we compared the efficacy of Centiderm versus silver sulfadiazine (SSD) in partial thickness burning patients. Study population comprised burn victims referred to Velayat Burning Hospital at Rasht, Iran. The intervention group received Centiderm and control group SSD cream. Burn wounds were treated once daily at home. All of the wounds were evaluated till complete healing occurred and at the admission, days 3, 7, 14 objective signs; visual acuity score (VAS) and subjective signs were recorded. Re-epithelialization time and complete healing days were recorded. We used random fixed block for randomization. The randomization sequence was created using the computer. Patients and burning specialist physician were blinded. Seventy-five patients randomized into 2 groups; (40 patients: Centiderm group; 35 patients: SSD group). The mean age of them was 30.67 ± 9.91 years and 19 of them were male (31.7%). Thirty patients in Centiderm and 30 patients in SSD group were analyzed. All of objective and subjective signs and mean of re-epithelialization and complete healing were significantly better in Centiderm group rather than SSD group (P < 0.05). There was no infection in Centiderm group. We showed that use of Centiderm ointment not only improved the objective and subjective signs in less than 3 days, but also the re-epithelialization and complete healing rather than SSD without any infection in the subjects.

Focused and Corrective Feedback Versus Structured and Supported Debriefing in a Simulation-Based Cardiac Arrest Team Training: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Ji-Hoon; Kim, Young-Min; Park, Seong Heui; Ju, Eun A; Choi, Se Min; Hong, Tai Yong

2017-06-01

The aim of the study was to compare the educational impact of two postsimulation debriefing methods-focused and corrective feedback (FCF) versus Structured and Supported Debriefing (SSD)-on team dynamics in simulation-based cardiac arrest team training. This was a pilot randomized controlled study conducted at a simulation center. Fourth-year medical students were randomly assigned to the FCF or SSD group, with each team composed of six students and a confederate. Each team participated in two simulations and the assigned debriefing (FCF or SSD) sessions and then underwent a test simulation. Two trained raters blindly assessed all of the recorded simulations using checklists. The primary outcome was the improvement in team dynamics scores between baseline and test simulation. The secondary outcomes were improvements before and after training in team clinical performance scores, self-assessed comprehension of and confidence in cardiac arrest management and team dynamics, as well as evaluations of the postsimulation debriefing intervention. In total, 95 students participated [FCF (8 teams, n = 47) and SSD (8 teams, n = 48)]. The SSD team dynamics score during the test simulation was higher than at baseline [baseline: 74.5 (65.9-80.9), test: 85.0 (71.9-87.6), P = 0.035]. However, there were no differences in the improvement in the team dynamics or team clinical performance scores between the two groups (P = 0.328, respectively). There was no significant difference in improvement in team dynamics scores during the test simulation compared with baseline between the SSD and FCF groups in a simulation-based cardiac arrest team training in fourth-year Korean medical students.

Direct measurement of the half-life of Rb{sup 87}; Mesure directe de la periode du rubidium-87; Pryamoe izmerenie poluraspada rubidiya-87; Medicion directa del periodo del {sup 87}Rb

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McNair, A; Wilson, H W [United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Aldermaston, Berks. (United Kingdom)

1962-01-15

d'obtenir une valeur precise par comptage direct, et c'est ce que les auteurs se sont efforces de faire. En procedant a ces mesures, il faut veiller particulierement a reduire l'epaisseur de la source et celle du support de la source. Les auteurs ont procede comme suit pour augmenter l'exactitude des mesures. Us ont reduit l'epaisseur de la source : a) en utilisant un compteur proportionnel 4 {pi} a grande surface utile (jusqu'a 100 cm{sup 2}); b) en effectuant un montage en anticoincidence pour reduire le bruit de fond; c) en employant du rubidium-87 enrichi, qui permet de ramener au quart l'epaisseur de la source pour line radioactivite donnee. Ils ont ainsi pu mesurer des sources ramenees a 5 {mu}g/cm. Ils ont en. outre etudie le rapport entre la periode et l'epaisseur de la source, afin de pouvoir effectuer les ajustements necessaires pour' tenir compte de la tres faible absorption restante. L'epaisseur du support de la source n'a pas d'effet aussi notable; celui-ci peut etre calcule d'apres : a) la difference entre les taux de comptage obtenus de part et d'autre des minces supports utilises; b) les resultats d4me etude sur les liens entre la periode et l'epaisseur du support de la source. Ces experiences donnent une valeur de 5,25 {center_dot} 10{sup 10} ans environ comme periode du rubidium-87. (author) [Spanish] El periodo de semidesintegracion del {sup 87}Rb se ha medido directamente determinando la actividad especifica del nuclido con ayuda de un metodo de recuento. Los periodos de semidesintegracion obtenidos previamente oscilaban entre 4 x 10{sup 10} y 6 x 10{sup 10} anos, adoptandose por regla general 5 x 10{sup 10} anos como valor medio. El recuento directo ofrece dificultades debidas a la presencia de un gran numero de electrones de muy baja energia en el espectro del {sup 87}Rb. No obstante, los autores han procurado obtener un valor preciso siguiendo dicho metodo, por la gran utilidad que ello representa. Al efectuar estas mediciones, debe prestarse

The impact of brief restriction to articulation on children's subsequent speech production.

Science.gov (United States)

Seidl, Amanda; Brosseau-Lapré, Françoise; Goffman, Lisa

2018-02-01

This project explored whether disruption of articulation during listening impacts subsequent speech production in 4-yr-olds with and without speech sound disorder (SSD). During novel word learning, typically-developing children showed effects of articulatory disruption as revealed by larger differences between two acoustic cues to a sound contrast, but children with SSD were unaffected by articulatory disruption. Findings suggest that, when typically developing 4-yr-olds experience an articulatory disruption during a listening task, the children's subsequent production is affected. Children with SSD show less influence of articulatory experience during perception, which could be the result of impaired or attenuated ties between perception and articulation.

Dose corrections for field obliquity for 45-MV x-ray therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McGinley, P.H.; Clanton, A.; Downes, B.; Nuskind, J.

1983-01-01

The degree of dose perturbation produced by a 25.7-cm-diam circular water phantom was determined for a 45-MV x-ray beam by direct measurement. Data obtained in a circular and a cubical water phantom was utilized to test three accepted techniques (isodose shift, TAR method, and effective SSD method) for the correction of isodose levels to account for patient curvature. In general, the effective SSD method yielded the most accurate results for all depth including the buildup region. An isodose shift factor of 0.8 was found for the 45-MV x-ray beam. Key words: curvature corrections, 45-MV x ray, isodose shift, TAR, effective SSD method

SU-E-T-370: Measurement of Conical Cone Output Factors for the Varian Edge Linear Accelerator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, H; Kim, J; Gordon, J; Chetty, I; Wang, S; Zhong, H; Wen, N

2014-01-01

Purpose: To quantify the impact of detector type, SSD/depth, and intermediate reference on conical cone output factor (OF) measurements for the Varian Edge linac. Methods: OF's for 4, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, and 17.5 mm diameter cones relative to 10cmx10cm field were measured for the 6X FFF and 10X FFF energies, with jaws set to 5cmx5cm. Measurements were performed with an Edge diode (0.8mmx0.8mmx0.03mm WxLxT), stereotatic diode SFD, photon diode, CC01 and pinpoint chambers (2mm diameter for both). 95cm SSD/5cm depth were used in a water tank. For the measurement with diodes, OF's were cross-referred to CC13 ion chamber measurements with 3cmx3cm field, as recommended, to help mitigate the energy variation in diode response with field size. Results were compared to the representative data from Varian measured with Edge detector. With SFD, OF's at 98.5cm SSD/1.5cm depth and 90cm SSD/10cm depth were also measured. Results: OF's measured with the Edge detector matched within 1.3% (max diff) with the representative data from Varian. For the SFD, OF's matched within 1.3% for the 4, 5 and 17.5 mm cones and within 3.7% for the other cones. OF's with photon diode were within 1.3% except for the 4 and 5 mm cones where they were 8.1% and 3.7%, respectively. OF's for the CC01 and pinpoint chamber deviated up to 36% and 44%, respectively for the 4 mm cone. OF's after intermediate reference with 3cmx3cm field changed by 3.7% for SFD, 0.8% for photon diode, and 0.6% for Edge detector. OF's at 98.5cm SSD/1.5cm depth were 10.8% higher than that at 95cm SSD/5cm depth, and OF's at 90cm SSD/1.5cm depth were 7.5% lower. Conclusion: OF's measured with the Edge detector appear to be reliable. CC01 and pinpoint chambers do not appear suitable for measuring the small cone OF's. SSD/depth affects OF measurements significantly

Phonological Encoding in Speech-Sound Disorder: Evidence from a Cross-Modal Priming Experiment

Science.gov (United States)

Munson, Benjamin; Krause, Miriam O. P.

2017-01-01

Background: Psycholinguistic models of language production provide a framework for determining the locus of language breakdown that leads to speech-sound disorder (SSD) in children. Aims: To examine whether children with SSD differ from their age-matched peers with typical speech and language development (TD) in the ability phonologically to…

Parental Beliefs and Experiences Regarding Involvement in Intervention for Their Child with Speech Sound Disorder

Science.gov (United States)

Watts Pappas, Nicole; McAllister, Lindy; McLeod, Sharynne

2016-01-01

Parental beliefs and experiences regarding involvement in speech intervention for their child with mild to moderate speech sound disorder (SSD) were explored using multiple, sequential interviews conducted during a course of treatment. Twenty-one interviews were conducted with seven parents of six children with SSD: (1) after their child's initial…

Staff Satisfaction with Administration as a Measure of Consumer Satisfaction.

Science.gov (United States)

Tanguma, Jesus; Luster, Jane Nell

The school district in this study, "Special School District" (SSD), is under the administration of the Louisiana State Department of education and thus classified as a Louisiana state agency required to conform to the mandate that state agencies have performance indicators, including one for customer satisfaction. For the SSD, customer…

Experience with the silicon strip detector of ALICE

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Nooren, G.J.L.

2009-01-01

The Silicon Strip Detector (SSD) forms the two outermost layers of the ALICE Inner Track- ing System (ITS), connecting the TPC with the inner layers of the ITS. The SSD consists of 1698 double-sided silicon microstrip modules, 95 μm pitch, distributed in two cylindrical bar- rels, whose radii are

Economic evaluation of stall stocking density of lactating dairy cows

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vries, De Albert; Dechassa, Hailegziabher; Hogeveen, Henk

2016-01-01

An increase in stall stocking density (SSD), as measured by the number of lactating cows per stall in a freestall barn, reduces cow performance, such as milk yield and fertility, but may increase farm profitability. Our objectives were to calculate effects of varying SSD on profit per stall for a

Reprint of "Treatment of cannabis use disorders in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders--a systematic review"

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hjorthøj, Carsten; Fohlmann, Allan; Nordentoft, Merete

2009-01-01

Cannabis use disorders (CUD) are prevalent among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), with a range of detrimental effects, e.g. reduced compliance to medication and psychosocial interventions, and increased level of psychotic-dimension symptoms. The aim of this study was to review...... literature on treatments of CUD in SSD-patients....

Short p-type silicon microstrip detectors in 3D-stc technology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eckert, S. [Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitaet Freiburg, Hermann-Herder Strasse 3b, D-79104 Freiburg i. Br. (Germany)], E-mail: simon.eckert@physik.uni-freiburg.de; Jakobs, K.; Kuehn, S.; Parzefall, U. [Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitaet Freiburg, Hermann-Herder Strasse 3b, D-79104 Freiburg i. Br. (Germany); Dalla-Betta, G.-F.; Zoboli, A. [Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Scienza dell' Informazione, Universita degli Studi di Trento, via Sommarive 14, I-38050 Povo di Trento (Italy); Pozza, A.; Zorzi, N. [FBK-irst Trento, Microsystems Division, via Sommarive 18, I-38050 Povo di Trento (Italy)

2008-10-21

The luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the sLHC, will constitute an extremely challenging radiation environment for tracking detectors. Significant improvements in radiation hardness are needed to cope with the increased radiation dose, requiring new tracking detectors. In the upgraded ATLAS detector the region from 20 to 50 cm distance to the beam will be covered by silicon strip detectors (SSD) with short strips. These will have to withstand a 1 MeV neutron equivalent fluence of about 1x10{sup 15}n{sub eq}/cm{sup 2}, hence extreme radiation resistance is necessary. For the short strips, we propose to use SSD realised in the radiation tolerant 3D technology, where rows of columns-etched into the silicon bulk-are joined together to form strips. To demonstrate the feasibility of 3D SSD for the sLHC, we have built prototype modules using 3D-single-type-column (stc) SSD with short strips and front-end electronics from the present ATLAS SCT. The modules were read out with the SCT Data Acquisition system and tested with an IR-laser. We report on the performance of these 3D modules, in particular the noise at 40 MHz which constitutes a measurement of the effective detector capacitance. Conclusions about options for using 3D SSD detectors for tracking at the sLHC are drawn.

Dose distribution considerations of medium energy electron beams at extended source-to-surface distance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saw, Cheng B.; Ayyangar, Komanduri M.; Pawlicki, Todd; Korb, Leroy J.

1995-01-01

Purpose: To determine the effects of extended source-to-surface distance (SSD) on dose distributions for a range of medium energy electron beams and cone sizes. Methods and Materials: The depth-dose curves and isodose distributions of 6 MeV, 10 MeV, and 14 MeV electron beams from a dual photon and multielectron energies linear accelerator were studied. To examine the influence of cone size, the smallest and the largest cone sizes available were used. Measurements were carried out in a water phantom with the water surface set at three different SSDs from 101 to 116 cm. Results: In the region between the phantom surface and the depth of maximum dose, the depth-dose decreases as the SSD increases for all electron beam energies. The effects of extended SSD in the region beyond the depth of maximum dose are unobservable and, hence, considered minimal. Extended SSD effects are apparent for higher electron beam energy with small cone size causing the depth of maximum dose and the rapid dose fall-off region to shift deeper into the phantom. However, the change in the depth-dose curve is small. On the other hand, the rapid dose fall-off region is essentially unaltered when the large cone is used. The penumbra enlarges and electron beam flatness deteriorates with increasing SSD

Differential co-expression and regulation analyses reveal different mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder and subsyndromal symptomatic depression.

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Fan; Yang, Jing; Chen, Jin; Wu, Qingyuan; Gong, Wei; Zhang, Jianguo; Shao, Weihua; Mu, Jun; Yang, Deyu; Yang, Yongtao; Li, Zhiwei; Xie, Peng

2015-04-03

Recent depression research has revealed a growing awareness of how to best classify depression into depressive subtypes. Appropriately subtyping depression can lead to identification of subtypes that are more responsive to current pharmacological treatment and aid in separating out depressed patients in which current antidepressants are not particularly effective. Differential co-expression analysis (DCEA) and differential regulation analysis (DRA) were applied to compare the transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with two depressive subtypes: major depressive disorder (MDD) and subsyndromal symptomatic depression (SSD). Six differentially regulated genes (DRGs) (FOSL1, SRF, JUN, TFAP4, SOX9, and HLF) and 16 transcription factor-to-target differentially co-expressed gene links or pairs (TF2target DCLs) appear to be the key differential factors in MDD; in contrast, one DRG (PATZ1) and eight TF2target DCLs appear to be the key differential factors in SSD. There was no overlap between the MDD target genes and SSD target genes. Venlafaxine (Efexor™, Effexor™) appears to have a significant effect on the gene expression profile of MDD patients but no significant effect on the gene expression profile of SSD patients. DCEA and DRA revealed no apparent similarities between the differential regulatory processes underlying MDD and SSD. This bioinformatic analysis may provide novel insights that can support future antidepressant R&D efforts.

La evolución del mapa social del Gran San Miguel de Tucumán. Un estudio del periodo 1991 a 2010 a través del análisis factorial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Ester Batista Zamora

2017-12-01

Full Text Available El aglomerado del Gran San Miguel de Tucumán, capital de la Región Noroeste de la República Argentina, ha experimentado un notable aumento de población desde 1991. Dicha población dista de ser homogénea en lo relativo a sus niveles de instrucción, estructura por edad o características de sus viviendas, entre otras, al tiempo que el aumento del parque habitacional ha tenido lugar entre dos extremos: urbanizaciones cerradas y barrios de habitat popular, en muchas ocasiones con problemas dominiales. En este contexto, y aplicando análisis factoriales de componentes principales a 13 variables censales, correspondientes a los Censos de población de 1991, 2001 y 2010, mostramos cómo las causas subyacentes a la distribución espacial de la población se han mantenido muy estables durante el periodo analizado, al tiempo que su distribución espacial refleja un proceso de progresiva polarización y problemas habitacionales no resueltos.

Implementación del programa de reeducación psicomotriz con miras a mejorar las destrezas lecto-escritoras en niñas y niños de 6 a 12 años del Centro de Referencia Iñaquito Programa Acción Guambras, durante el periodo marzo-julio 2017.

OpenAIRE

Morales Yucaza, Diana Lizbeth

2017-01-01

The following systematization report describes the experience of the project called “Implementación del programa de reeducación psicomotriz con miras a mejorar las destrezas lecto-escritoras en niñas y niños de 6 a 12 años del centro de referencia Iñaquito Programa Acción Guambras, durante el periodo marzo-julio 2017”. According to the diagnosis made at the beginning of the intervention process, it is evident that the main need of the children of the Iñaquito reference center resides in th...

Resistencia antibiótica en infecciones urinarias en niños atendidos en una institución privada, periodo 2007 - 2011

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Polanco Hinostroza

2013-07-01

Full Text Available La resistencia antibiótica es un serio problema de salud, sobre todo en pacientes con recurrencia de episodios y anomalías del sistema urinario. Objetivo: Describir el patrón de resistencia antibiótica de las bacterias causantes de la infección del tracto urinario (ITU como primer episodio, recurrente o complicada en niños menores de 5 años. Material y métodos: Estudio tipo serie de casos observacional, retrospectivo y descriptivo. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de ITU con cultivo de orina positivo, durante un periodo de 5 años en una institución de salud privada. Resultados: Se incluyeron 111 niños de 1 mes a 5 años; 97 (87,4% fueron mujeres; 68 (61,3% fueron lactantes; hubieron 77 pacientes con ITU, 34 con ITU recurrente o complicada. Escherichia coli (63,1% fue el microorganismo más frecuente en todos los grupos. La resistencia antibiótica fue: ampicilina 80,6%, cefalotina 59%, amoxicilina/clavulánico 55,4%, trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol 51,6%, ácido nalidixico 51%, cefalexina 40%, cefotaxima 31%, cefuroxima 29,8%, ceftriaxona 28,6%, ceftazidima 27,3%, norfloxacino 21,2%, ciprofloxacino 21,1%; y con menos resistencia fueron nitrofurantoína 17%, gentamicina 13,2%, amikacina 1%. Conclusiones: La resistencia antimicrobiana para los antibióticos usados para el tratamiento de ITU es alta para las aminopenicilinas, sulfas, cefalosporinas de primera, segunda y tercera generación así como quinolonas; los aminoglucósidos aún presentan muy baja resistencia porque lo que serían útiles para la terapia de primera elección.

Echoic Sensory Substitution Information in a Single Obstacle Circumvention Task.

Science.gov (United States)

Kolarik, Andrew J; Scarfe, Amy C; Moore, Brian C J; Pardhan, Shahina

2016-01-01

Accurate motor control is required when walking around obstacles in order to avoid collisions. When vision is unavailable, sensory substitution can be used to improve locomotion through the environment. Tactile sensory substitution devices (SSDs) are electronic travel aids, some of which indicate the distance of an obstacle using the rate of vibration of a transducer on the skin. We investigated how accurately such an SSD guided navigation in an obstacle circumvention task. Using an SSD, 12 blindfolded participants navigated around a single flat 0.6 x 2 m obstacle. A 3-dimensional Vicon motion capture system was used to quantify various kinematic indices of human movement. Navigation performance under full vision was used as a baseline for comparison. The obstacle position was varied from trial to trial relative to the participant, being placed at two distances 25 cm to the left, right or directly ahead. Under SSD guidance, participants navigated without collision in 93% of trials. No collisions occurred under visual guidance. Buffer space (clearance between the obstacle and shoulder) was larger by a factor of 2.1 with SSD guidance than with visual guidance, movement times were longer by a factor of 9.4, and numbers of velocity corrections were larger by a factor of 5 (all p<0.05). Participants passed the obstacle on the side affording the most space in the majority of trials for both SSD and visual guidance conditions. The results are consistent with the idea that SSD information can be used to generate a protective envelope during locomotion in order to avoid collisions when navigating around obstacles, and to pass on the side of the obstacle affording the most space in the majority of trials.

Echoic Sensory Substitution Information in a Single Obstacle Circumvention Task.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrew J Kolarik

Full Text Available Accurate motor control is required when walking around obstacles in order to avoid collisions. When vision is unavailable, sensory substitution can be used to improve locomotion through the environment. Tactile sensory substitution devices (SSDs are electronic travel aids, some of which indicate the distance of an obstacle using the rate of vibration of a transducer on the skin. We investigated how accurately such an SSD guided navigation in an obstacle circumvention task. Using an SSD, 12 blindfolded participants navigated around a single flat 0.6 x 2 m obstacle. A 3-dimensional Vicon motion capture system was used to quantify various kinematic indices of human movement. Navigation performance under full vision was used as a baseline for comparison. The obstacle position was varied from trial to trial relative to the participant, being placed at two distances 25 cm to the left, right or directly ahead. Under SSD guidance, participants navigated without collision in 93% of trials. No collisions occurred under visual guidance. Buffer space (clearance between the obstacle and shoulder was larger by a factor of 2.1 with SSD guidance than with visual guidance, movement times were longer by a factor of 9.4, and numbers of velocity corrections were larger by a factor of 5 (all p<0.05. Participants passed the obstacle on the side affording the most space in the majority of trials for both SSD and visual guidance conditions. The results are consistent with the idea that SSD information can be used to generate a protective envelope during locomotion in order to avoid collisions when navigating around obstacles, and to pass on the side of the obstacle affording the most space in the majority of trials.

A statistical state dynamics approach to wall turbulence.

Science.gov (United States)

Farrell, B F; Gayme, D F; Ioannou, P J

2017-03-13

This paper reviews results obtained using statistical state dynamics (SSD) that demonstrate the benefits of adopting this perspective for understanding turbulence in wall-bounded shear flows. The SSD approach used in this work employs a second-order closure that retains only the interaction between the streamwise mean flow and the streamwise mean perturbation covariance. This closure restricts nonlinearity in the SSD to that explicitly retained in the streamwise constant mean flow together with nonlinear interactions between the mean flow and the perturbation covariance. This dynamical restriction, in which explicit perturbation-perturbation nonlinearity is removed from the perturbation equation, results in a simplified dynamics referred to as the restricted nonlinear (RNL) dynamics. RNL systems, in which a finite ensemble of realizations of the perturbation equation share the same mean flow, provide tractable approximations to the SSD, which is equivalent to an infinite ensemble RNL system. This infinite ensemble system, referred to as the stochastic structural stability theory system, introduces new analysis tools for studying turbulence. RNL systems provide computationally efficient means to approximate the SSD and produce self-sustaining turbulence exhibiting qualitative features similar to those observed in direct numerical simulations despite greatly simplified dynamics. The results presented show that RNL turbulence can be supported by as few as a single streamwise varying component interacting with the streamwise constant mean flow and that judicious selection of this truncated support or 'band-limiting' can be used to improve quantitative accuracy of RNL turbulence. These results suggest that the SSD approach provides new analytical and computational tools that allow new insights into wall turbulence.This article is part of the themed issue 'Toward the development of high-fidelity models of wall turbulence at large Reynolds number'. © 2017 The Author(s).

Single-sided deafness & directional hearing: contribution of spectral cues and high-frequency hearing loss in the hearing ear

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martijn Johannes Hermanus Agterberg

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Direction-specific interactions of sound waves with the head, torso and pinna provide unique spectral-shape cues that are used for the localization of sounds in the vertical plane, whereas horizontal sound localization is based primarily on the processing of binaural acoustic differences in arrival time (interaural time differences, or ITDs and sound level (interaural level differences, or ILDs. Because the binaural sound-localization cues are absent in listeners with total single-sided deafness (SSD, their ability to localize sound is heavily impaired. However, some studies have reported that SSD listeners are able, to some extent, to localize sound sources in azimuth, although the underlying mechanisms used for localization are unclear. To investigate whether SSD listeners rely on monaural pinna-induced spectral-shape cues of their hearing ear for directional hearing, we investigated localization performance for low-pass filtered (LP, 3 kHz and broadband (BB, 0.5 – 20 kHz noises in the two-dimensional frontal hemifield. We tested whether localization performance of SSD listeners further deteriorated when the pinna cavities of their hearing ear were filled with a mold that disrupted their spectral-shape cues. To remove the potential use of perceived sound level as an invalid azimuth cue, we randomly varied stimulus presentation levels over a broad range (45-65 dB SPL. Several listeners with SSD could localize HP and BB sound sources in the horizontal plane, but inter-subject variability was considerable. Localization performance of these listeners strongly reduced after diminishing of their spectral pinna-cues. We further show that inter-subject variability of SSD can be explained to a large extent by the severity of high-frequency hearing loss in their hearing ear.

Macroevolutionary patterns of sexual size dimorphism in copepods

Science.gov (United States)

Hirst, Andrew G.; Kiørboe, Thomas

2014-01-01

Major theories compete to explain the macroevolutionary trends observed in sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in animals. Quantitative genetic theory suggests that the sex under historically stronger directional selection will exhibit greater interspecific variance in size, with covariation between allometric slopes (male to female size) and the strength of SSD across clades. Rensch's rule (RR) also suggests a correlation, but one in which males are always the more size variant sex. Examining free-living pelagic and parasitic Copepoda, we test these competing predictions. Females are commonly the larger sex in copepod species. Comparing clades that vary by four orders of magnitude in their degree of dimorphism, we show that isometry is widespread. As such we find no support for either RR or for covariation between allometry and SSD. Our results suggest that selection on both sexes has been equally important. We next test the prediction that variation in the degree of SSD is related to the adult sex ratio. As males become relatively less abundant, it has been hypothesized that this will lead to a reduction in both inter-male competition and male size. However, the lack of such a correlation across diverse free-living pelagic families of copepods provides no support for this hypothesis. By comparison, in sea lice of the family Caligidae, there is some qualitative support of the hypothesis, males may suffer elevated mortality when they leave the host and rove for sedentary females, and their female-biased SSD is greater than in many free-living families. However, other parasitic copepods which do not appear to have obvious differences in sex-based mate searching risks also show similar or even more extreme SSD, therefore suggesting other factors can drive the observed extremes. PMID:25100692

Using quantum dots to tag subsurface damage in lapped and polished glass samples

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Williams, Wesley B.; Mullany, Brigid A.; Parker, Wesley C.; Moyer, Patrick J.; Randles, Mark H.

2009-01-01

Grinding, lapping, and polishing are finishing processes used to achieve critical surface parameters in a variety of precision optical and electronic components. As these processes remove material from the surface through mechanical and chemical interactions, they may induce a damaged layer of cracks, voids, and stressed material below the surface. This subsurface damage (SSD) can degrade the performance of a final product by creating optical aberrations due to diffraction, premature failure in oscillating components, and a reduction in the laser induced damage threshold of high energy optics. As these defects lie beneath the surface, they are difficult to detect, and while many methods are available to detect SSD, they can have notable limitations regarding sample size and type, preparation time, or can be destructive in nature. The authors tested a nondestructive method for assessing SSD that consisted of tagging the abrasive slurries used in lapping and polishing with quantum dots (nano-sized fluorescent particles). Subsequent detection of fluorescence on the processed surface is hypothesized to indicate SSD. Quantum dots that were introduced to glass surfaces during the lapping process were retained through subsequent polishing and cleaning processes. The quantum dots were successfully imaged by both wide field and confocal fluorescence microscopy techniques. The detected fluorescence highlighted features that were not observable with optical or interferometric microscopy. Atomic force microscopy and additional confocal microscope analysis indicate that the dots are firmly embedded in the surface but do not appear to travel deep into fractures beneath the surface. Etching of the samples exhibiting fluorescence confirmed that SSD existed. SSD-free samples exposed to quantum dots did not retain the dots in their surfaces, even when polished in the presence of quantum dots.

Speech Abilities in Preschool Children with Speech Sound Disorder with and without Co-Occurring Language Impairment

Science.gov (United States)

Macrae, Toby; Tyler, Ann A.

2014-01-01

Purpose: The authors compared preschool children with co-occurring speech sound disorder (SSD) and language impairment (LI) to children with SSD only in their numbers and types of speech sound errors. Method: In this post hoc quasi-experimental study, independent samples t tests were used to compare the groups in the standard score from different…

Neural Correlates of Phonological Processing in Speech Sound Disorder: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Science.gov (United States)

Tkach, Jean A.; Chen, Xu; Freebairn, Lisa A.; Schmithorst, Vincent J.; Holland, Scott K.; Lewis, Barbara A.

2011-01-01

Speech sound disorders (SSD) are the largest group of communication disorders observed in children. One explanation for these disorders is that children with SSD fail to form stable phonological representations when acquiring the speech sound system of their language due to poor phonological memory (PM). The goal of this study was to examine PM in…

Is 3D-CT reformation using free software applicable to diagnosis of bone changes in mandibular condyles?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marília Gerhardt de Oliveira

2009-06-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the agreement of computed tomography (CT imaging using 3D reformations (3DR with shaded surface display (SSD and maximum intensity projection (MIP in the diagnosis of bone changes in mandibular condyles of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA, and compared findings with multiplanar reformation (MPR images, used as the criterion standard. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Axial CT images of 44 temporomandibular joints (TMJs of 22 patients with RA were used. Images were recorded in DICOM format and assessed using free software (ImageJ. Each sample had its 3DR-SSD and 3DR-MIP results compared in pairs with the MPR results. RESULTS: Slight agreement (k = 0.0374 was found in almost all comparisons. The level of agreement showed that 3DR-SSD and 3DR-MIP yielded a number of false-negative results that was statistically significant when compared with MPR. CONCLUSIONS: 3DR-SSD or 3DR-MIP should only be used as adjuvant techniques to MPR in the diagnosis of bone changes in mandibular condyles.

Comparison of optical beam smoothing techniques for inertial confinement fusion and improvement of smoothing by the use of zero-correlation masks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lehmberg, R. H.; Rothenberg, J. E.

2000-01-01

We present analytic theory and numerical simulations comparing the optical beam smoothing capabilities of the smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD) technique using random temporal phase modulation, with that of the induced spatial incoherence technique. The analytic theory provides a simple formula for the SSD mode spectrum in the usual case where the phase mask at the focusing lens is random, and its asymptotic limit quantitatively relates the long wavelength mode smoothing to the width of the angular dispersion. With parameters and phase aberration relevant to the National Ignition Facility beams, the SSD simulations show that the large long wavelength components, which are also found in earlier simulations, can be significantly reduced by replacing the independent random phase masks in each pair of adjacent beams by a conjugate pair of zero-correlation masks. These simulations suggest that one can combine zero-correlation masks with random temporal phase modulation and multiple color cycles to achieve SSD smoothing approaching the optical bandwidth limit at all spatial frequencies, without using large angular dispersions. (c) 2000 American Institute of Physics

A probabilistic method for species sensitivity distributions taking into account the inherent uncertainty and variability of effects to estimate environmental risk.

Science.gov (United States)

Gottschalk, Fadri; Nowack, Bernd

2013-01-01

This article presents a method of probabilistically computing species sensitivity distributions (SSD) that is well-suited to cope with distinct data scarcity and variability. First, a probability distribution that reflects the uncertainty and variability of sensitivity is modeled for each species considered. These single species sensitivity distributions are then combined to create an SSD for a particular ecosystem. A probabilistic estimation of the risk is carried out by combining the probability of critical environmental concentrations with the probability of organisms being impacted negatively by these concentrations. To evaluate the performance of the method, we developed SSD and risk calculations for the aquatic environment exposed to triclosan. The case studies showed that the probabilistic results reflect the empirical information well, and the method provides a valuable alternative or supplement to more traditional methods for calculating SSDs based on averaging raw data and/or on using theoretical distributional forms. A comparison and evaluation with single SSD values (5th-percentile [HC5]) revealed the robustness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 SETAC.

A Highly Sensitive Immunochromatographic Strip Test for Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Saikosaponin d

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yue Zhang

2018-02-01

Full Text Available A quantitative lateral-flow immunoassay using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs conjugated with a monoclonal antibody (MAb against saikosaponin d (SSd was developed for the analysis of SSd. The AuNPs were prepared in our laboratory. The AuNPs were polyhedral, with an average diameter of approximately 18 nm. We used the conjugation between AuNPs and MAbs against SSd to prepare immunochromatographic strips (ICSs. For the quantitative experiment, the strips with the test results were scanned using a membrane strip reader, and a detection curve (regression equation, y = −0.113ln(x + 1.5451, R2 = 0.983, representing the averages of the scanned data, was obtained. This curve was linear from 96 ng/mL to 150 μg/mL, and the IC50 value was 10.39 μg/mL. In this study, we bring the concept of POCT (point-of-care testing to the measurement of TCM compounds, and this is the first report of quantitative detection of SSd by an ICS.

Length of stay is associated with incidence of in-hospital malnutrition in a group of low-income Brazilian children El periodo de hospitalización está asociado con la incidencia de desnutrición en un grupo de niños brasileños de bajo nivel socioeconómico.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gilberto Kac

2000-09-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that increased length of stay and anthropometric status at admission are significant factors associated with in-hospital malnutrition (IHM. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study with two weight (admission and discharge and one height (admission measurements per child at the Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study included 456 children of low socioeconomic status under 10 years of age admitted to the IPPMG during 1997. Statistical analysis involved calculation of in-hospital malnutrition (IHM prevalence by covariates. The length of hospital stay varied from 1 to 69 days. Association of IHM with gender, age category, length of stay, presence of wasting, and stunting, was tested by calculating odds ratios using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Logistic regression showed that after adjusting for gender, age category, and presence of stunting at admission, presence of wasting at admission (OR= 0.07, CI 95% 0.01 - 0.55 and length of stay from 17 to 69 days (OR= 4.68, CI 95% 2.00 - 10.95, were statistically associated with IHM in the final model. CONCLUSIONS: As intervention measures, the authors suggest implementation of an early identification system for children at risk of developing IHM, along with a review and implementation of in-hospital feeding protocols.OBJETIVO: Verificar la hipótesis de que un periodo de hospitalización prolongado y el estado nutricional al ingreso son factores significativamente asociados con la desnutrición durante la hospitalización. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo con dos mediciones de peso (al ingreso y al alta y una medición de estatura (al ingreso por niño, realizado en el Instituto de Puericultura y Pediatría Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG, Río de Janeiro, Brasil. El estudio incluyó 456 niños de bajo nivel socioeconómico menores de 10 años de edad, admitidos en el IPPMG durante 1997. El an

Deficits in Sequential Processing Manifest in Motor and Linguistic Tasks in a Multigenerational Family with Childhood Apraxia of Speech

Science.gov (United States)

Peter, Beate; Button, Le; Stoel-Gammon, Carol; Chapman, Kathy; Raskind, Wendy H.

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a global deficit in sequential processing as candidate endophenotypein a family with familial childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Of 10 adults and 13 children in a three-generational family with speech sound disorder (SSD) consistent with CAS, 3 adults and 6 children had past or present SSD diagnoses. Two…

Speech Sound Disorders in Preschool Children: Correspondence between Clinical Diagnosis and Teacher and Parent Report

Science.gov (United States)

Harrison, Linda J.; McLeod, Sharynne; McAllister, Lindy; McCormack, Jane

2017-01-01

This study sought to assess the level of correspondence between parent and teacher report of concern about young children's speech and specialist assessment of speech sound disorders (SSD). A sample of 157 children aged 4-5 years was recruited in preschools and long day care centres in Victoria and New South Wales (NSW). SSD was assessed…

The Impact of Single-Sided Deafness upon Music Appreciation.

Science.gov (United States)

Meehan, Sarah; Hough, Elizabeth A; Crundwell, Gemma; Knappett, Rachel; Smith, Mark; Baguley, David M

2017-05-01

Many of the world's population have hearing loss in one ear; current statistics indicate that up to 10% of the population may be affected. Although the detrimental impact of bilateral hearing loss, hearing aids, and cochlear implants upon music appreciation is well recognized, studies on the influence of single-sided deafness (SSD) are sparse. We sought to investigate whether a single-sided hearing loss can cause problems with music appreciation, despite normal hearing in the other ear. A tailored questionnaire was used to investigate music appreciation for those with SSD. We performed a retrospective survey of a population of 51 adults from a University Hospital Audiology Department SSD clinic. SSD was predominantly adult-onset sensorineural hearing loss, caused by a variety of etiologies. Analyses were performed to assess for statistical differences between groups, for example, comparing music appreciation before and after the onset of SSD, or before and after receiving hearing aid(s). Results demonstrated that a proportion of the population experienced significant changes to the way music sounded; music was found to sound more unnatural (75%), unpleasant (71%), and indistinct (81%) than before hearing loss. Music was reported to lack the perceptual qualities of stereo sound, and to be confounded by distortion effects and tinnitus. Such changes manifested in an altered music appreciation, with 44% of participants listening to music less often, 71% of participants enjoying music less, and 46% of participants reporting that music played a lesser role in their lives than pre-SSD. Negative effects surrounding social occasions with music were revealed, along with a strong preference for limiting background music. Hearing aids were not found to significantly ameliorate these effects. Results could be explained in part through considerations of psychoacoustic changes intrinsic to an asymmetric hearing loss and impaired auditory scene analysis. Given the prevalence of

Fast timing readout for silicon strip detectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jhingan, A.; Saneesh, N.; Kumar, M.

2016-01-01

The development and performance of a 16 channel hybrid fast timing amplifier (FTA), for extracting timing information from silicon strip detectors (SSD), is described. The FTA will be used in a time of flight (TOF) measurement, in which one SSD is used to obtain the ion velocity (A) as well as the energy information of a scattered particle. The TOF information with a thin transmission SSD, acting as ΔE detector (Z) in a detector telescope, will provide a unique detection system for the identification of reaction products in the slowed down beam campaign of low energy branch (LEB) at NUSTAR-FAIR. Such a system will also provide large solid angle coverage with ~ 100% detection efficiency, and adequate segmentation for angular information. A good timing resolution (≤ 100 ps) enables to have shorter flight paths, thus a closely packed 4π array should be feasible. Preamplifiers for energy readout in SSD are easily available. A major constraint with SSDs is the missing high density multichannel preamplifiers which can provide both fast timing as well as energy. Provision of both timing and energy processing, generally makes circuit bulky, with higher power consumption, which may not be suitable in SSD arrays. In case of DSSSD, the problem was overcome by using timing from one side and energy from the other side. A custom designed 16 channel FTA has been developed for DSSSD design W from Micron Semiconductors, UK

The Specificity of Health-Related Autobiographical Memories in Patients With Somatic Symptom Disorder.

Science.gov (United States)

Walentynowicz, Marta; Raes, Filip; Van Diest, Ilse; Van den Bergh, Omer

2017-01-01

Patients with somatic symptom disorder (SSD) have persistent distressing somatic symptoms that are associated with excessive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Reduced autobiographical memory specificity (rAMS) is related to a range of emotional disorders and is considered a vulnerability factor for an unfavorable course of pathology. The present study investigated whether the specificity of health-related autobiographical memories is reduced in patients with SSD with medically unexplained dyspnea complaints, compared with healthy controls. Female patients with SSD (n = 30) and matched healthy controls (n = 24) completed a health-related Autobiographical Memory Test, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Ruminative Response Scale, and rumination scales concerning bodily reactions. Depressive symptoms and rumination were assessed because both variables previously showed associations with rAMS. Patients with SSD recalled fewer specific (F(1,52) = 13.63, p = .001) and more categoric (F(1,52) = 7.62, p = .008) autobiographical memories to health-related cue words than healthy controls. Patients also reported higher levels of depressive symptoms and rumination (all t > 3.00, p < .01). Importantly, the differences in memory specificity were independent of depressive symptoms and trait rumination. The present study extends findings on rAMS to a previously unstudied sample of patients with SSD. Importantly, the presence of rAMS could not be explained by increased levels of depressive symptoms and rumination. We submit that rAMS in this group reflects how health-related episodes and associated symptoms are encoded in memory.

Design and dosimetry characteristics of a commercial applicator system for intra-operative electron beam therapy utilizing ELEKTA Precise accelerator.

Science.gov (United States)

Nevelsky, Alexander; Bernstein, Zvi; Bar-Deroma, Raquel; Kuten, Abraham; Orion, Itzhak

2010-07-19

The design concept and dosimetric characteristics of a new applicator system for intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) are presented in this work. A new hard-docking commercial system includes polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) applicators with different diameters and applicator end angles and a set of secondary lead collimators. A telescopic device allows changing of source-to-surface distance (SSD). All measurements were performed for 6, 9, 12 and 18 MeV electron energies. Output factors and percentage depth doses (PDD) were measured in a water phantom using a plane-parallel ion chamber. Isodose contours and radiation leakage were measured using a solid water phantom and radiographic films. The dependence of PDD on SSD was checked for the applicators with the smallest and the biggest diameters. SSD dependence of the output factors was measured. Hardcopies of PDD and isodose contours were prepared to help the team during the procedure on deciding applicator size and energy to be chosen. Applicator output factors are a function of energy, applicator size and applicator type. Dependence of SSD correction factors on applicator size and applicator type was found to be weak. The same SSD correction will be applied for all applicators in use for each energy. The radiation leakage through the applicators is clinically acceptable. The applicator system enables effective collimation of electron beams for IORT. The data presented are sufficient for applicator, energy and monitor unit selection for IORT treatment of a patient.

Parasite diversity of disease-bearing rodents of Southeast Asia: habitat determinants and effects on sexual size dimorphism and life-traits

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Serge eMorand

2015-10-01

Full Text Available We investigated a causal chain of relationships between habitat specialization and parasite species richness in rodent communities in Southeast Asia, and the consequences for variation in immune investment (using spleen size, the degree of sexual competition (using testes and sexual size dimorphism (SSD. We used data gathered on rodents, their habitat specialization and their parasites (macro- and micro-parasites in Southeast Asian landscapes. The results supported the hypotheses that parasite diversity drives the evolution of host life-traits and sexual selection. Firstly host habitat specialization explained the variation in parasite species richness. Secondly high parasite species richness was linked to host immune investment, using the relative spleen size of rodents. Thirdly according to the potential costs associated with immune investment, the relative spleen size was found to be negatively correlated with the relative size of testes among rodents. Fourthly, a positive relationship between male-biased SSD and parasite species richness was observed supporting the role of parasitism in sexual selection. Finally, the variation in SSD was positively associated with the degree of habitat specialization. Highest values of female-biased SSD were associated with habitat specialization, whereas highest values of male-biased SSD concerned synanthropic or generalist rodent species. These results, also correlative, will help to facilitate selection of the species that should be thoroughly investigated at the population level to better understand the selective effects of parasites on rodent life-history and behavior.

NRL SSD Research Achievements: 19601970. Volume 1

Science.gov (United States)

2015-10-30

blocked by the occulter and the white disk has been inserted to show its location and size. The very dark area surrounding this disk is the area...Million degree gas appears dark in the polarizer regions (credit: NRL/NASA). 13 The size of the NRL OSO-7 coronagraph with external occulter...enough to discourage faint-hearted souls ….In spite of forbidding odds, high-altitude research with rockets provided dramatic mixtures of exaltation and

NRL SSD Research Achievements: 19801990. Volume 3

Science.gov (United States)

2015-10-30

activities resolved problems, overcame operational limitations in calibration or flight operations, and implemented improvements discovered during the...mission resources as well as funding. OSSE successfully defended its science mission and implementation plan to become one of the four instruments to be...terabytes of data holdings of the BMDO Data Centers via a secure classified intranet . A prototype system was developed in 1996-1997, which

NRL SSD Research Achievements: 19701980. Volume 2

Science.gov (United States)

2015-10-30

many designs. In 1964 proposals by NRL, GSFC, American Science and Engineering, Inc . (AS&E), Harvard College Observatory (HCO), and the High...components were calibrated for projects in collaboration with the NRL Plasma Physics Division Nike laser. This included gratings and spectrometers for...the first accurate measurement of laser-plasma instabilities produced by the krypton-fluoride Nike laser at wavelength 248 nm. Scientists from

NRL SSD Research Achievements: 20002010. Volume 5

Science.gov (United States)

2015-10-30

OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 5d. PROJECT...a long-time colleague of Conway, took over as the principal investigator for the MIDDECK flight. Under the leadership of Mr. Cardon , who previously... Cardon et al., 2003]. The data was taken from about 330km altitude for a total of about 35 minutes, distributed over a short checkout period and two

AppNVM: Software-Defined, Application_Driven SSD

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjørling, Matias; Madsen, Jesper; Gonzalez, Javier

2015-01-01

-NVM SSDs by installing rules, which define (i) the logical address space exposed to the application, and (ii) how application requests are handled. A controller then transforms those rules and installs them onto the device, enforcing permissions and global policies such as wear-leveling and garbage...

Eficacia y eficiencia del Programa de Control de Tuberculosis en Rioja, San Martín-Perú durante el periodo 1996 - 2000

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Mendoza R

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia y eficiencia del Programa de Control de Tuberculosis (PCT en la Red de Servicios de Salud Rioja (RSSR, San Martín-Perú, durante el período 1996-2000. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo longitudinal, que utiliza como fuente de información retrospectiva los libros de registro y seguimiento de pacientes con tuberculosis (TB del PCT de la RSSR. La muestra incluyó a los pacientes diagnosticados de TB y registrado en el PCT, excluyéndose los pacientes que presentaron reacción adversa a medicamentos que motivó cambio del esquema de tratamiento o pacientes con tratamiento irregular. Se realizó el análisis segun año, microrred (MR y esquema de tratamiento. Resultados: Se incluyeron 355 pacientes. La eficacia a nivel de red fue 99.7% y la eficiencia 93.0%. El porcentaje de abandonos fue 2.0%, fracasos 0.3%, transferencias sin confirmar (TSC 1.4%, y fallecidos 2.8%. No se determinó ninguna tendencia significativa a lo largo del periodo estudiado. A nivel de microrred, la menor eficiencia la presentaron la MR-5 y MR-3; ambas microrredes también tuvieron el mayor porcentaje de abandonos. El mayor porcentaje de fallecidos lo presentaron la MR-5 y MR-6. Se encontró un alto porcentaje de abandonos en pacientes que recibieron Esquema III y el porcentaje de fallecidos fue mayor en los que recibieron Esquema II. Conclusiones: La eficacia y eficiencia presentaron, en general, valores adecuados en la RSSR; sin embargo, pudimos identificar algunas microrredes y subpoblaciones de pacientes con altos porcentajes de fallecimientos, abandonos y TSC, situación que necesita ser corregida.

La solución de fachada convencional del periodo desarrollista en el caso de Gipuzkoa: declive (y final de un sistema constructivo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lizundia-Uranga, I.

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The article analyses the construction process, the evolution and the disturbing future of the facade enclosure of the collective housing constructions built during the developmental period in the province of Gipuzkoa. 128 residential complexes were checked, and 17 people who directly took part in the construction of many of these buildings were interviewed. After examining the material and elements that make up the conventional facade solution used in Gipuzkoa and in much of Spain not only during those years but also up to the present time, the effects and causes of its main damages and flaws were studied. Its complex and costly adaptation to current demands is going to require a strong effort from society at large, and this raises the question of whether the life cycle of this construction system should be terminated once and for all.El artículo analiza el proceso constructivo, la evolución y el inquietante futuro del cerramiento de fachada de los edificios de vivienda colectiva construidos durante el periodo desarrollista en Gipuzkoa. Se han inspeccionado 128 conjuntos residenciales y se ha entrevistado a 17 personajes que intervinieron directamente en la construcción de muchos de ellos. Tras analizar los materiales y elementos que constituyen la solución de fachada convencional utilizada en Gipuzkoa y en gran parte del conjunto del estado español durante aquellos años y cuyo uso se ha prolongado hasta nuestros días, se estudian los efectos y las causas de sus principales lesiones y carencias. Su compleja y costosa adecuación a las exigencias actuales va a requerir de un importante esfuerzo por parte del conjunto de la sociedad y plantea la cuestión de si estamos ante un sistema constructivo cuyo ciclo de vida debe darse por concluido de una vez por todas.

An overview of self-switching diode rectifiers using green materials

Science.gov (United States)

Kasjoo, Shahrir Rizal; Zailan, Zarimawaty; Zakaria, Nor Farhani; Isa, Muammar Mohamad; Arshad, Mohd Khairuddin Md; Taking, Sanna

2017-09-01

A unipolar two-terminal nanodevice, known as the self-switching diode (SSD), has recently been demonstrated as a room-temperature rectifier at microwave and terahertz frequencies due to its nonlinear current-voltage characteristic. The planar architecture of SSD not only makes the fabrication process of the device faster, simpler and at a lower cost when compared with other rectifying diodes, but also allows the use of various materials to realize and fabricate SSDs. This includes the utilization of `green' materials such as organic and graphene thin films for environmental sustainability. This paper reviews the properties of current `green' SSD rectifiers with respect to their operating frequencies and rectifying performances, including responsivity and noise-equivalent power of the devices, along with the applications.

Variables psicológicas e intervención en el periodo postlesión en el contexto deportivo: Revisión y propuestas de intervención

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Ort\\u00EDn

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La lesión de un deportista afecta no solo a su faceta deportiva, sino de manera directa a su vida personal y a la de las personas que le rodean. Las teorías sobre los aspectos psicológicos que aparecen como consecuencia de la lesión inciden en la importancia de variables como el apoyo social, el estado de ánimo o la ansiedad. En este trabajo se realiza una revisión de la literatura científica en dos sentidos: por un lado artículos que analizan las variables psicológicas en el periodo postlesión. Por otro lado, aquellos trabajos que llevan a cabo intervenciones psicológicas dentro del proceso de rehabilitación de la lesión deportiva. La mayor parte de las intervenciones psicológicas se dirigen a la mejora de la adherencia y a una mejor recuperación, siendo menor el número de trabajos que hacen hincapié en la mejora del aspecto psicosocial, al que sin embargo se da una gran relevancia desde los diferentes enfoque teóricos. En este trabajo Se incide además en la importancia del trabajo interdisciplinar tanto en evaluación como en intervención, y se realizan propuestas para la intervención desde diferentes perspectivas.

Harmonia: A Globally Coordinated Garbage Collector for Arrays of Solid-state Drives

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Youngjae [ORNL; Oral, H Sarp [ORNL; Shipman, Galen M [ORNL; Lee, Junghee [ORNL; Dillow, David A [ORNL; Wang, Feiyi [ORNL

2011-01-01

Solid-State Drives (SSDs) offer significant performance improvements over hard disk drives (HDD) on a number of workloads. The frequency of garbage collection (GC) activity is directly correlated with the pattern, frequency, and volume of write requests, and scheduling of GC is controlled by logic internal to the SSD. SSDs can exhibit significant performance degradations when garbage collection (GC) conflicts with an ongoing I/O request stream. When using SSDs in a RAID array, the lack of coordination of the local GC processes amplifies these performance degradations. No RAID controller or SSD available today has the technology to overcome this limitation. This paper presents Harmonia, a Global Garbage Collection (GGC) mechanism to improve response times and reduce performance variability for a RAID array of SSDs. Our proposal includes a high-level design of SSD-aware RAID controller and GGC-capable SSD devices, as well as algorithms to coordinate the global GC cycles. Our simulations show that this design improves response time and reduces performance variability for a wide variety of enterprise workloads. For bursty, write dominant workloads response time was improved by 69% while performance variability was reduced by 71%.

Strong support for Rensch's rule in an American clade of lizards (Teiidae and Gymnophtalmidae) and a paradox of the largest tejus

Science.gov (United States)

Frýdlová, Petra; Frynta, Daniel

2015-06-01

Rensch's rule predicts an allometric relationship between male and female body size stating that the sexual size dimorphism (SSD) increases with body size in male-larger taxa and decreases in female-larger taxa in groups of related species. It means that the relationship between the male and female body size is hyperallometric, i.e., the allometric exponent of this relationship exceeds the unity. We explored the relationship between the male and female body size in a New World clade of lizards consisting of sister families Teiidae and Gymnophthalmidae, which exhibit a great variation in both their adult body sizes and SSD. All our estimates of the reduced major axis regression slopes ranged from 1.067 to 1.229 and clearly followed a pattern consistent with the Rensch's rule. Despite a clear general trend, giant species from the subfamily Tupinambinae show paradoxically only poor SSD. The cases of extreme male-larger SSD were found in species of moderate body size belonging to the genera Ameiva and Cnemidophorus. The abovementioned deviations from the hyperallometric relationship between the male and female body size are surprising and require further examination.

Linking social cognition with social interaction: Non-verbal expressivity, social competence and "mentalising" in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lehmkämper Caroline

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Research has shown that patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD can be distinguished from controls on the basis of their non-verbal expression. For example, patients with SSD use facial expressions less than normals to invite and sustain social interaction. Here, we sought to examine whether non-verbal expressivity in patients corresponds with their impoverished social competence and neurocognition. Method Fifty patients with SSD were videotaped during interviews. Non-verbal expressivity was evaluated using the Ethological Coding System for Interviews (ECSI. Social competence was measured using the Social Behaviour Scale and psychopathology was rated using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale. Neurocognitive variables included measures of IQ, executive functioning, and two mentalising tasks, which tapped into the ability to appreciate mental states of story characters. Results Non-verbal expressivity was reduced in patients relative to controls. Lack of "prosocial" nonverbal signals was associated with poor social competence and, partially, with impaired understanding of others' minds, but not with non-social cognition or medication. Conclusion This is the first study to link deficits in non-verbal expressivity to levels of social skills and awareness of others' thoughts and intentions in patients with SSD.

Half-Life Studies of Radiocaesium in Humans; Etudes sur la Periode de Radiocesium chez l'Homme; 0418 0421 0421 041b 0415 0414 ; Estudio sobre el Periodo Biologico del Radiocesio en el Hombre

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Naversten, Y.; Liden, K. [Radiation Physics Department, University of Lund (Sweden)

1964-11-15

importants d'hommes/ de femmes et d'enfants en faisant des comparaisons avec des donnees concernant leur regime alimentaire. Pour un groupe de dix personnes qui avaient volontairement accepte un changement de leur regime-alimentaire, on a pu calculer le taux d'elimination moyen en procedant a des dosages de l'activite du corps a des intervalles de six semaines. On a aussi obtenu ce taux pour deux personnes auxquelles on avait administre du cesium 132 par voie buccale. Les auteurs communiquent les resultats detailles de ces etudes, notamment en ce qui concerne le taux d'elimination du cesium, c'est-a-dire la periode biologique et ses variations selon le sexe et l'age. Dans l'ensemble, on a trouve des periodes allant de 30 a 90 j. (author) [Spanish] Se ha estudiado en varios casos la retencion de cesio-137 en los seres humanos. A tal efecto, se administro por via intravenosa una pequefla cantidad de cesio-137 a dos adultos que permanecieron en observacion durante unos 300 dias, practicandoseles frecuentes examenes antropogammametricos, combinados con recogida de excreciones durante el periodo inicial. La retencion disminuyo segun la suma de dos funciones exponenciales. El compartimiento mas lento decrecio con un periodo biologico de unos 75 d. Ademas, a una de las dos personas mencionadas se le administro dos aflos mas tarde cesio-137 por via oral, siendo la eliminacion por excrecion analoga a la observada a rafz de la inyeccion intravenosa. Asimismo, se ha estudiado por un procedimiento diferente (comparacion con los valores de la dieta) la velocidad de excrecion del cesio-137 en grandes grupos de hombres, mujeres y ninos. Se ha calculado por antropogammametria la velocidad media de excrecion, en un intervalo de seis semanas, de un grupo de diez personas que modificaron su dieta voluntariamente. Tambien se ha determinado la velocidad de eliminacion por excrecion en dos personas a las que se habia administrado cesio-132 por via oral. Se exponen los resultados detallados de

CTA/V detection of bilateral sigmoid sinus dehiscence and suspected idiopathic intracranial hypertension in unilateral pulsatile tinnitus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xu, Shuaishuai; Xu, Jianrong; Ruan, Shidong; Liu, Shanfeng; Gong, Ruozhen

2018-01-01

This aimed to evaluate the prevalence and extent of bilateral sigmoid sinus dehiscence (SSD) and to explore the presence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in patients with unilateral pulsatile tinnitus (PT) with CTA/V. Sixty PT patients (52 females; 40.4 ± 11.6 years [20-72]) who underwent CTA/V and 30 non-PT patients (27 females; 38.4 ± 14.7 years [12-62]) were enrolled in this study. The primary outcome measure was the radiographic presence of SSD. The index of transverse sinus stenosis (ITSS) was obtained by multiplying the stenosis scale values for each transverse sinus, and once was ≥ 4, the presence of IIH was suspected. The prevalence and extent of SSD on symptomatic side (78%; maximum transverse diameter, MTD 0.49 ± 0.23; maximum vertical diameter, MVD 0.50 ± 0.26 cm) were significantly higher and larger than those on asymptomatic side (50%, P < 0.001; MTD 0.35 ± 0.18, P = 0.006; MVD 0.30 ± 0.15 cm, P < 0.001) in the study group and those (20%, P < 0.001; MTD 0.36 ± 0.18, P = 0.073; MVD 0.30 ± 0.22 cm, P < 0.048) in the control group. The presence of SSD showed significant correlation with both PT (logistic regression analysis, OR 4.167 [1.450-11.97]; P = 0.008) and suspected IIH (OR 16.25 [1.893-139.5]; P = 0.011). In PT patients, SSD has a significant correlation with PT and a potential correlation with IIH. (orig.)

Dicty_cDB: SLG376 [Dicty_cDB

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 572Q) /CSM/SS/SSD5-C/SSD572Q.Seq.d/ 555 e-157 CHB571 (CHB571Q) /CSM/CH/CHB5-C/CHB571Q.Seq.d/ 494 e-139 CFD492 (CFD492...Q) /CSM/CF/CFD4-D/CFD492Q.Seq.d/ 474 e-133 own update 2003.10.30 Homology vs DNA Score E Sequences

Holocene soft-sediment deformation of the Santa Fe-Sopetrán Basin, northern Colombian Andes: Evidence for pre-Hispanic seismic activity?

Science.gov (United States)

Suter, F.; Martínez, J. I.; Vélez, M. I.

2011-04-01

The detailed study of four deformed intervals from the Holocene fluvio-lacustrine deposits of the Santa Fe-Sopetrán Basin in northern Colombia shows 17 types of soft-sediment deformation (SSD) structures. Evidence indicates that seismic activity was responsible for the SSD structures, a conclusion reached after considering the environmental conditions at the time of sediment deposition and shortly after, and the detailed analysis of the driving force systems. Other triggers (i.e. overloading and rapid sedimentation), however, are not discarded. Intervals showing SSD structures occurred at centennial frequencies and apparently resulted from Mw 6-7 earthquakes. The Holocene age of these major shaking events should be seriously considered when evaluating the seismic hazard and risk for the middle Cauca Valley and the nearby city of Medellín with 3 million inhabitants.

Detector and Front-end electronics for ALICE and STAR silicon strip layers

CERN Document Server

Arnold, L; Coffin, J P; Guillaume, G; Higueret, S; Jundt, F; Kühn, C E; Lutz, Jean Robert; Suire, C; Tarchini, A; Berst, D; Blondé, J P; Clauss, G; Colledani, C; Deptuch, G; Dulinski, W; Hu, Y; Hébrard, L; Kucewicz, W; Boucham, A; Bouvier, S; Ravel, O; Retière, F

1998-01-01

Detector modules consisting of Silicon Strip Detector (SSD) and Front End Electronics (FEE) assembly have been designed in order to provide the two outer layers of the ALICE Inner Tracker System (ITS) [1] as well as the outer layer of the STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) [2]. Several prototypes have beenproduced and tested in the SPS and PS beam at CERN to validate the final design. Double-sided, AC-coupled SSD detectors provided by two different manufacturers and also a pair of single-sided SSD have been asssociated to new low-power CMOS ALICE128C ASIC chips in a new detector module assembly. The same detectors have also been associated to current Viking electronics for reference purpose. These prototype detector modules are described and some first results are presented.

Cambios en la etiología, resultados y características de los pacientes con hemorragia digestiva aguda grave a lo largo del periodo 1999-2005 Changes in the etiology, outcome, and characteristics of patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding between 1999 and 2005

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Garrido

2007-05-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: analizar la evolución, a lo largo del periodo 1999-2005, de las siguientes variables de los pacientes ingresados por hemorragia digestiva (HD en una Unidad de Sangrantes: etiología, patología de base, consumo de AINE/anticoagulación y mortalidad. Material y métodos: durante el periodo 1999-2005 se ha estudiado la evolución de las siguientes causas de HD que requirieron ingreso en la Unidad de Sangrantes: ulcus duodenal (UD, ulcus gástrico (UG, hipertensión portal (HPT y otros. De igual forma se ha analizado la evolución en el porcentaje de enfermos ingresados con patología de base, consumo de fármacos AINE/anticoagulantes y mortalidad. Resultados: se han incluido 1.611 pacientes en el estudio con una edad media de 60,45 años (59,7-61,2, 76,41% hombres (74,3-78,5. La UD fue responsable del 22,20% de episodios (20,2-24,3, la UG del 18,40% (16,6-20,4 y la HPT del 33,60% (31,3-36,0. De forma global realizaban tratamiento con AINE el 34,5% (32,6-37,3, anticoagulación el 7,1% (6,0-8,6, presentaban patología de base el 72,6% (70,4-74,8 y la mortalidad global fue del 6,27% (5,16-7,59. A lo largo del periodo estudiado se constató un aumento de los pacientes con patología de base (p Objectives: to analyze the evolution of the following variables in patients admitted to a Blood Unit for gastrointestinal bleeding throughout 1999-2005: etiology, comorbid diseases, use of NSAIDs/anticoagulants, and mortality. Material and methods: we analyzed the evolution of the following causes of GIB that required admission to the Blood Unit from 1999 to 2005: duodenal ulcer (DU, gastric ulcer (GU, portal hypertension (PHT, and others. We also analyzed changes in the percentage of patients admitted with comorbid disease, use of NSAIDs/anticoagulants, and mortality. Results: 1,611 patients with a mean age of 60.45 years (59.7-61.2 were included in this study; 76.41% were males (74.3-78.5. DU was the cause of bleeding in 22.20% of cases (20

Use of the international systemic scleroderma activity index

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maya Nikolayevna Starovoitova

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Up to now, it is difficult to determine systemic scleroderma (SSD activity because of the lack of validated tools to estimate changes in the pathological process. Attempts have been made to develop unified activity assessing methods for many years. The indices proposed by the European SSD Group are most popular today. This paper gives the results of using this index in a cohort of Russian patients.

Cognitive reserve as a predictor of two year neuropsychological performance in early onset first-episode schizophrenia.

Science.gov (United States)

de la Serna, Elena; Andrés-Perpiñá, Susana; Puig, Olga; Baeza, Inmaculada; Bombin, Igor; Bartrés-Faz, David; Arango, Celso; Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana; Parellada, Mara; Mayoral, María; Graell, Montserrat; Otero, Soraya; Guardia, Joan; Castro-Fornieles, Josefina

2013-01-01

The concept of cognitive reserve (CR) has been defined as individual differences in the efficient utilization of brain networks which allow some people to cope better than others with brain pathology. CR has been developed mainly in the field of aging and dementia after it was observed that there appears to be no direct relationship between the degree of brain pathology and the severity of clinical manifestations of this damage. The present study applies the concept of CR to a sample of children and adolescents with a first episode of schizophrenia, aiming to assess the possible influence of CR on neuropsychological performance after two year follow-up, controlling for the influence of clinical psychopathology. 35 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SSD) and 98 healthy controls (HC) matched for age and gender were included. CR was assessed at baseline, taking into account premorbid IQ, educational-occupational level and leisure activities. Clinical and neuropsychological assessments were completed by all patients at two year follow-up. The CR proxy was able to predict working memory and attention at two year follow-up. Verbal memory and cognitive flexibility were not predicted by any of the variables included in the regression model. The SSD group obtained lower scores than HC on CR. CR measures correctly classified 79.8% of the sample as being SSD or HC. Lower scores on CR were observed in SSD than in HC and the CR measure correctly classified a high percentage of the sample into the two groups. CR may predict SSD performance on working memory and attention tasks. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Detection of the pedogenic magnetic fraction in volcanic soils developed on basalts using frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility: comparison of two instruments

Science.gov (United States)

Grison, Hana; Petrovsky, Eduard; Kapicka, Ales; Hanzlikova, Hana

2017-05-01

In studies of the magnetic properties of soils, the frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility percentage (χFD%) is often used for the identification of ultrafine magnetically superparamagnetic/stable single-domain (SP/SSD) particles. This parameter is commonly used as an indicator for increased pedogenesis. In strongly magnetic soils, the SP/SSD magnetic signal (mostly bio-pedogenic) may be masked by lithological signals; making pedogenesis hard to detect. In this study, we compare results for the detection of ultrafine SP/SSD magnetic particles in andic soils using two instruments: a Bartington MS2B dual-frequency meter and an AGICO Kappabridge MFK1-FA. In particular, the study focuses on the effect of pedogenesis by investigating the relationship between specific soil magnetic and chemical properties (soil organic carbon and pHH2O). The values of χFD% obtained with the MS2B varied from 2.4 to 5.9 per cent, and mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (χLF) from 283 to 1688 × 10-8 m3 kg-1, while values of χFD% and χLF obtained with the MFK1-FA varied from 2.7 to 8.2 per cent and from 299 to 1859 × 10-8 m3 kg-1, respectively. Our results suggest that the detection of the SP/SSD magnetic fraction can be accomplished by comparing relative trends of χFD% along the soil profile. Moreover, the discrimination between bio-pedogenic and lithogenic magnetic contributions in the SP/SSD fraction is possible by comparing the χFD% and χLF data determined in the fine earth (<2 mm) and the coarse fraction (4-10 mm) samples down the soil profile.

Performances of the Si microstrip detector of the STAR experiment at RHIC; Performances du detecteur en silicium a micropistes de l'experience STAR a RHIC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bouchet, J

2007-10-15

The Silicon Strip Detector (SSD) is the fourth layer of detector using a double-sided microstrip technology of the STAR experiment at RHIC, completing STAR's inner tracking device. The goal of STAR is to study heavy ions collisions in order to probe the existence of the quark gluon plasma (QGP), a deconfined state of nuclear matter. Strangeness enhancement, such as {kappa}{sub S}{sup 0}, {lambda}, {xi} and {omega}, for particles production, has been proposed to sign the formation of QGP. Then precise measurement of secondary vertices is needed. The SSD will also permit an attempt to use the inner tracking device to measure charm and beauty with direct topological identification. It was proposed to enhance the STAR tracking capabilities by providing a better connection between reconstructed tracks in the main tracking device (TPC) and the initial vertex detector (SVT). In this thesis, we will present the intrinsic performances of the SSD and its impact on the inner tracking system performances by studying Cu-Cu collisions occurred at RHIC in 2005. We show that the SSD detector has excellent performances in terms of resolution: (945 {+-} 18) {mu}m in azimuth and (1021 {+-} 13) {mu}m along the beam axis. For the final result when SSD is associated to the SVT the resolutions are (281 {+-} 1) {mu}m and (213 {+-} 0.8) {mu}m in azimuth and along the beam axis respectively. The resolution reached by the addition of the Silicon Vertex detectors of STAR will allow the search for rare particles like charm and beauty, which have a decay-length of the order of hundred microns.

Suspended-sediment trapping in the tidal reach of an estuarine tributary channel

Science.gov (United States)

Downing-Kunz, Maureen; Schoellhamer, David H.

2015-01-01

Evidence of decreasing sediment supply to estuaries and coastal oceans worldwide illustrates the need for accurate and updated estimates. In the San Francisco Estuary (Estuary), recent research suggests a decrease in supply from its largest tributaries, implying the increasing role of smaller, local tributaries in sediment supply to this estuary. Common techniques for estimating supply from tributaries are based on gages located above head of tide, which do not account for trapping processes within the tidal reach. We investigated the effect of a tidal reach on suspended-sediment discharge for Corte Madera Creek, a small tributary of the Estuary. Discharge of water (Q) and suspended-sediment (SSD) were observed for 3 years at two locations along the creek: upstream of tidal influence and at the mouth. Comparison of upstream and mouth gages showed nearly 50 % trapping of upstream SSD input within the tidal reach over this period. At the storm time scale, suspended-sediment trapping efficiency varied greatly (range −31 to 93 %); storms were classified as low- or high-yield based on upstream SSD. As upstream peak Q increased, high-yield storms exhibited significantly decreased trapping. Tidal conditions at the mouth—ebb duration and peak ebb velocity—during storms had a minor effect on sediment trapping, suggesting fluvial processes dominate. Comparison of characteristic fluvial and tidal discharges at the storm time scale demonstrated longitudinal differences in the regulating process for SSD. These results suggest that SSD from gages situated above head of tide overestimate sediment supply to the open waters beyond tributary mouths and thus trapping processes within the tidal reach should be considered.

Interpopulation Comparison of Sex-Biased Mortality and Sexual Size Dimorphism in Sea-Run Masu Salmon, Oncorhynchus masou.

Science.gov (United States)

Tamate, Tsuyoshi

2015-08-01

Evolutionary ecologists often expect that natural and sexual selection result in systematic co-occurrence patterns of sex-biased mortality and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) within animal species. However, whether such patterns actually occur in wild animals is poorly examined. The following expectation, the larger sex suffers higher mortality, was primarily tested here for apparently native sea-run masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) in three populations in Hokkaido, Japan. Field surveys on sex ratios, body sizes, and ages of smolts and returning adults revealed that two of the three populations exhibited an expected pattern, a female-biased marine mortality and SSD, but one population demonstrated an unexpected co-occurrence of male-biased marine mortality and female-biased SSD. These female-biased SSDs were attributed to faster marine growth of females because of no sex difference in smolt body size. It has been previously suggested that breeding selection favoring large size generally act more strongly in females than in males in Japanese anadromous masu, as there is a weak sexual selection on adult males but universally intensive natural selection on adult females. Thus, this hypothesis explains female-biased SSDs well in all study populations. Interpopulation variation in sex-biased mortality found here might result from differences in marine predation and/or fishing pressures, given that selection driving female-biased SSD makes females forage more aggressively than males during the marine phase. Taken together, these results raise the possibility that evolutionary forces have shaped adaptive sex-specific foraging strategies under relationships between growth and mortality, resulting in co-occurrence patterns of sex-biased mortality and SSD within animal species.

Radiological properties of a wax-gypsum compensator material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Plessis, F.C.P. du; Willemse, C.A.

2005-01-01

In this paper the radiological properties of a compensator material consisting of wax and gypsum is presented. Effective attenuation coefficients (EACs) have been determined from transmission measurements with an ion chamber in a Perspex phantom. Measurements were made at 80 and 100 cm source-to-skin distance (SSD) for beam energies of 6, 8, and 15 MV, for field sizes ranging from narrow beam geometries up to 40x40 cm 2 , and at measurement depths of maximum dose build-up, 5 and 10 cm. A parametrization equation could be constructed to predict the EAC values within 4% uncertainty as a function of field size and depth of measurement. The EAC dependence on off-axis position was also quantified at each beam energy and SSD. It was found that the compensator material reduced the required thickness for compensation by 26% at 8 MV when compared to pure paraffin wax for a 10x10 cm 2 field. Relative surface ionization (RSI) measurements have been made to quantify the effect of scattered electrons from the wax-gypsum compensator. Results indicated that for 80 cm SSD the RSI would exceed 50% for fields larger than 15x15 cm 2 . At 100 cm SSD the RSI values were below 50% for all field sizes used

Enhancement of dissolution of Telmisartan through use of solid dispersion technique surface solid dispersion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bhumika Patel

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The present study was aimed to increase the solubility of the poorly water soluble drug Telmisartan by using Surface solid dispersion (SSD made of polymers like Poloxamer 407, PEG 6000 by Solvent evaporation method. The drug was solubilized by surfactants and/or polymers then adsorbed onto the surface of extremely fine carriers to increase its surface area and to form the SSD which give the more Surface area for absorption of the drug. A 2 2 full factorial design was used to investigate for each carrier the joint influence of formulation variables: Amount of carrier and adsorbent. Saturation solubility studies shows the improvement in solubility of drug batch SSD 8 give more solubility improvement than the other batch, in-vitro dissolution of pure drug, physical mixtures and SSDs were carried out in that SSDs were found to be effective in increasing the dissolution rate of Telmisartan in form of SSD when compared to pure drug. Also FT-IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry studies were carried out in order to characterize the drug and Surface solid dispersion. Furthermore, both DSC and X-ray diffraction showed a decrease in the melting enthalpy and reduced drug crystallinity consequently in SSDs. However, infrared spectroscopy revealed no drug interactions with the carriers.

Portfolios Dominating Indices: Optimization with Second-Order Stochastic Dominance Constraints vs. Minimum and Mean Variance Portfolios

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Neslihan Fidan Keçeci

2016-10-01

Full Text Available The paper compares portfolio optimization with the Second-Order Stochastic Dominance (SSD constraints with mean-variance and minimum variance portfolio optimization. As a distribution-free decision rule, stochastic dominance takes into account the entire distribution of return rather than some specific characteristic, such as variance. The paper is focused on practical applications of the portfolio optimization and uses the Portfolio Safeguard (PSG package, which has precoded modules for optimization with SSD constraints, mean-variance and minimum variance portfolio optimization. We have done in-sample and out-of-sample simulations for portfolios of stocks from the Dow Jones, S&P 100 and DAX indices. The considered portfolios’ SSD dominate the Dow Jones, S&P 100 and DAX indices. Simulation demonstrated a superior performance of portfolios with SD constraints, versus mean-variance and minimum variance portfolios.

Premorbid IQ and adult schizophrenia spectrum disorder: Verbal and Performance subtests

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sørensen, Holger J; Mortensen, Erik L; Schiffman, Jason

2010-01-01

The present prospective high-risk study examined associations between childhood scores on five Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) subtests (vocabulary, similarities, block design, object assembly, and mazes) and later development of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). The sample...... comprised 244 high-risk or control children who were administered the WISC subtests at age 10 to 13 years in 1972. Adult psychiatric data were gathered from psychiatric interviews in 1992-93 and from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register in 2007. Thirty-two participants had developed SSD, 79 other...... psychiatric disorders (OPD), and 133 had no diagnosis (ND). The SSD group obtained lower scores than the ND group on all subtests and IQs, but when adjusted for sex and parental social status only significantly lower scores on similarities, object assembly, mazes, and total IQ. Compared with the ND group...

A framework for ecological risk assessment of metal mixtures in aquatic systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Nys, Charlotte; Van Regenmortel, Tina; Janssen, Colin R; Oorts, Koen; Smolders, Erik; De Schamphelaere, Karel A C

2018-03-01

Although metal mixture toxicity has been studied relatively intensely, there is no general consensus yet on how to incorporate metal mixture toxicity into aquatic risk assessment. We combined existing data on chronic metal mixture toxicity at the species level with species sensitivity distribution (SSD)-based in silico metal mixture risk predictions at the community level for mixtures of Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb, to develop a tiered risk assessment scheme for metal mixtures in freshwater. Generally, independent action (IA) predicts chronic metal mixture toxicity at the species level most accurately, whereas concentration addition (CA) is the most conservative model. Mixture effects are noninteractive in 69% (IA) and 44% (CA) and antagonistic in 15% (IA) and 51% (CA) of the experiments, whereas synergisms are only observed in 15% (IA) and 5% (CA) of the experiments. At low effect sizes (∼ 10% mixture effect), CA overestimates metal mixture toxicity at the species level by 1.2-fold (i.e., the mixture interaction factor [MIF]; median). Species, metal presence, or number of metals does not significantly affect the MIF. To predict metal mixture risk at the community level, bioavailability-normalization procedures were combined with CA or IA using SSD techniques in 4 different methods, which were compared using environmental monitoring data of a European river basin (the Dommel, The Netherlands). We found that the simplest method, in which CA is directly applied to the SSD (CA SSD ), is also the most conservative method. The CA SSD has median margins of safety (MoS) of 1.1 and 1.2 respectively for binary mixtures compared with the theoretically more consistent methods of applying CA or IA to the dose-response curve of each species individually prior to estimating the fraction of affected species (CA DRC or IA DRC ). The MoS increases linearly with an increasing number of metals, up to 1.4 and 1.7 for quinary mixtures (median) compared with CA DRC and IA DRC

Evaluation of Long-Term Cochlear Implant Use in Subjects With Acquired Unilateral Profound Hearing Loss: Focus on Binaural Auditory Outcomes.

Science.gov (United States)

Mertens, Griet; De Bodt, Marc; Van de Heyning, Paul

Cochlear implantation (CI) in subjects with unilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss was investigated. The authors of the present study demonstrated the binaural auditory outcomes in a 12- and 36-month prospective cohort outcome study. The present study aimed to do a long-term (LT) evaluation of the auditory outcomes in an analogous study group. LT evaluation was derived from 12 single-sided deaf (SSD) CI recipients and from 11 CI recipients with asymmetric hearing loss (AHL). A structured interview was conducted with each subjects. Speech perception in noise and sound localization were assessed in a CIOFF and in a CION condition. Four binaural effects were calculated: summation effect (S0N0), squelch effect (S0NCI), combined head shadow effect (SCIN0), and spatial release from masking (SRM). At the LT evaluation, the contribution of a CI or a bone conduction device on speech perception in noise was investigated in two challenging spatial configurations in the SSD group. All (23/23) subjects wore their CI 7 days a week at LT follow-up evaluation, which ranged from 3 to 10 years after implantation. In the SSD group, a significant combined head shadow effect of 3.17 dB and an SRM benefit of 4.33 dB were found. In the AHL group, on the other hand, the summation effect (2.00 dB), the squelch effect (2.67 dB), the combined head shadow effect (3.67 dB), and SRM benefit (2.00 dB) were significant at LT testing. In both the spatial challenging configurations, the speech in noise results was significantly worse in the condition with the bone conduction device compared with the unaided condition. No negative effect was found for the CION condition. A significant benefit in the CION condition was found for sound localization compared with the CIOFF condition in the SSD group and in the AHL group. All subjects wore their CI 7 days a week at LT follow-up evaluation. The presence of binaural effects has been demonstrated with speech in noise testing, sound localization

Collimator optimization for small animal radiation therapy at a micro-CT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Felix, Manuela C. [Heidelberg Univ., Mannheim (Germany). Medical Radiation Physics/Radiation Protection; Heidelberg Univ., Mannheim (Germany). Dept. of Radiation Oncology; Glatting, Gerhard [Heidelberg Univ., Mannheim (Germany). Medical Radiation Physics/Radiation Protection; Giordano, Frank A.; Wenz, Frederik; Fleckenstein, Jens [Heidelberg Univ., Mannheim (Germany). Dept. of Radiation Oncology; Brockmann, Marc A. [Heidelberg Univ., Mannheim (Germany). Dept. of Neuroradiology; University Medical Center Mainz (Germany). Dept. of Neuroradiology

2017-05-01

In radiation therapy of small animals treatment depths range from a few millimetres to several centimetres. In order to spare surrounding organs at risk steep dose gradients are necessary. To minimize the treatment time, and therefore the strain to the animals, a high dose rate is required. A description how these parameters can be optimized through an appropriate choice of collimators with different source surface distances (SSD) as well as different materials and geometries is presented. An industrial micro-CT unit (Y.Fox, YXLON GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) was converted into a precision irradiator for small animals. Different collimators of either stainless steel (Fe) with cylindrical bores (SSD = 42 mm) or tungsten (W) with conical bores (SSD = 14 mm) were evaluated. The dosimetry of very small radiation fields presents a challenge and was performed with GafChromic EBT3 films (Ashland, Vayne, KY, USA) in a water phantom. The films were calibrated with an ionization chamber in the uncollimated field. Treatments were performed via a rotation of the objects with a fixed radiation source. As expected, the shorter SSD of the W-collimators resulted in a (4.5 ± 1.6)-fold increase of the dose rates compared to the corresponding Fe-collimators. The ratios of the dose rates at 1 mm and 10 mm depth in the water phantom was (2.6 ± 0.2) for the Fe- and (4.5 ± 0.1) for the W-collimators. For rotational treatments in a cylindrical plastic phantom maximum dose rates of up to 1.2 Gy/min for Fe- and 5.1 Gy/min for W-collimators were measured. Choosing the smallest possible SSD leads to a high dose rate and a high surface dose, which is of advantage for the treatment of superficial target volumes. For larger SSD the dose rate is lower and the depth dose curve is shallower. This leads to a reduction of the surface dose and is best suited for treatments of deeper seated target volumes. Divergent collimator bores have, due to the reduced scatter within the collimators, a steeper

Influence of directionality and maximal power output on speech understanding with bone anchored hearing implants in single sided deafness

OpenAIRE

Krempaska, Silvia; Koval, Juraj; Schmid, Christoph; Pfiffner, Flurin; Kurz, Anja; Kompis, Martin

2014-01-01

Bone-anchored hearing implants (BAHI) are routinely used to alleviate the effects of the acoustic head shadow in single-sided sensorineural deafness (SSD). In this study, the influence of the directional microphone setting and the maximum power output of the BAHI sound processor on speech understanding in noise in a laboratory setting were investigated. Eight adult BAHI users with SSD participated in this pilot study. Speech understanding in noise was measured using a new Slovak speech-in-noi...

Sneaker Males Affect Fighter Male Body Size and Sexual Size Dimorphism in Salmon.

Science.gov (United States)

Weir, Laura K; Kindsvater, Holly K; Young, Kyle A; Reynolds, John D

2016-08-01

Large male body size is typically favored by directional sexual selection through competition for mates. However, alternative male life-history phenotypes, such as "sneakers," should decrease the strength of sexual selection acting on body size of large "fighter" males. We tested this prediction with salmon species; in southern populations, where sneakers are common, fighter males should be smaller than in northern populations, where sneakers are rare, leading to geographical clines in sexual size dimorphism (SSD). Consistent with our prediction, fighter male body size and SSD (fighter male∶female size) increase with latitude in species with sneaker males (Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou) but not in species without sneakers (chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta and pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). This is the first evidence that sneaker males affect SSD across populations and species, and it suggests that alternative male mating strategies may shape the evolution of body size.

Differences between the production of [s] and [ʃ] in the speech of adults, typically developing children, and children with speech sound disorders: An ultrasound study.

Science.gov (United States)

Francisco, Danira Tavares; Wertzner, Haydée Fiszbein

2017-01-01

This study describes the criteria that are used in ultrasound to measure the differences between the tongue contours that produce [s] and [ʃ] sounds in the speech of adults, typically developing children (TDC), and children with speech sound disorder (SSD) with the phonological process of palatal fronting. Overlapping images of the tongue contours that resulted from 35 subjects producing the [s] and [ʃ] sounds were analysed to select 11 spokes on the radial grid that were spread over the tongue contour. The difference was calculated between the mean contour of the [s] and [ʃ] sounds for each spoke. A cluster analysis produced groups with some consistency in the pattern of articulation across subjects and differentiated adults and TDC to some extent and children with SSD with a high level of success. Children with SSD were less likely to show differentiation of the tongue contours between the articulation of [s] and [ʃ].

Dicty_cDB: SSD590 [Dicty_cDB

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Acid sequence lltpf*fnliiliiiillikik*iispfftlkiekkktff*ksn*fry*fry*fqeiksi *pyyyfyynniyfikfyiy*YLFYFNYNKVPK... Acid sequence (All Frames) Frame A: lltpf*fnliiliiiillikik*iispfftlkiekkktff*ksn

Dicty_cDB: SSD104 [Dicty_cDB

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available v i*sncfrs*pcrikiftnvl*iwheyitnslfstdiq*ncic*ctwgsdtsd Homology vs CSM-cDNA Score E Sequences producing sign...kkklmcftnkgwitiifwtsicfscseli*titcwtkwhtqgte*rls aswrs*ttifitrvchnrttwtf**wq*itftnwiw*mnesi*ycnfsttectltd*ti

Dicty_cDB: SSD114 [Dicty_cDB

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available TAAATAATTTAAAATAAAAAAAA AA sequence update 1999. 4. 5 Translated Amino Acid sequence yykql***qkksyfridw*cgyn...f*ty*nfkinfskcfyn*sn*keiilw*ywygcwv qwnkylkslilq*ii*nkkk Frame C: yykql***qkksyfridw*cgyn*AKLLVEQLIQHFNLIVIP

Dicty_cDB: SSD464 [Dicty_cDB

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available VDLVVGLEA RGFILGTAFAQRMXLPMMMIRKKGKLPGPCFRESYIKRSMELMNLKFKRKLYQKL**nll knity*swtifwplvvqwllp*s*qkky**imelkis...PCFRESYIKRSMELMNLKFKRKLYQKL**nll knity*swtifwplvvqwllp*s*qkky**imelkiskfqllssvvlky*mvkkkfmkni mmsvlil*lkck*e

Dicty_cDB: SSD363 [Dicty_cDB

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ning vector pDXA-3strep. 202 8e-50 2 X85119 |X85119.1 Artificial sequences cloning vector DNA pDXA-3H. 202 8...e-50 2 X85122 |X85122.1 Artificial sequences cloning vector DNA pDXA-HY. 202 8e-50 2 AJ510165 |AJ510165.1 Cl...oning vector pDXA-3FLAG. 202 8e-50 2 X85118 |X85118.1 Artificial sequences cloning... vector DNA pDXA-3C. 202 8e-50 2 X85123 |X85123.1 Artificial sequences cloning vector DNA pDXA-HC. 202 9e-5...0 2 AF269236 |AF269236.1 Cloning vector pDXA-FLAG, complete sequence. 202 9e-50 2 X85120 |X85120.1 Artificial sequences cloning

Dicty_cDB: SSD429 [Dicty_cDB

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 622 e-175 1 AJ510162 |AJ510162.1 Cloning vector pDXA-YFP-NotI. 216 1e-52 1 X85120 |X85120.1 Artificial sequences cloning...pDXA-GFP2, complete sequence. 216 1e-52 1 X85122 |X85122.1 Artificial sequences cloning vector DNA pDXA-HY. ...XA-CFP. 216 1e-52 1 X85123 |X85123.1 Artificial sequences cloning vector DNA pDXA...-HC. 216 1e-52 1 X85119 |X85119.1 Artificial sequences cloning vector DNA pDXA-3H. 216 1e-52 1 AJ510166 |AJ5

Dicty_cDB: SSD315 [Dicty_cDB

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available PROBABLE VACUOLAR ATP SYNTHASE SUBUNIT D ;, mRNA sequence. 68 2e-07 1 CD147641 |CD147641.1 ML1-0007T-V150-B...09-U.B ML1-0007 Schistosoma mansoni cDNA clone ML1-0007T-V150-B09.B, mRNA sequence. 56 3e-07 3 CD147...632 |CD147632.1 ML1-0007T-V150-A12-U.B ML1-0007 Schistosoma mansoni cDNA clone ML1-0007T-

Dicty_cDB: SSD236 [Dicty_cDB

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available EVHVMGRIKKRPESYNPKFSFILDPD TITFFAMAIEVCDASTIYVEDHLDEACGAFLPGCFWCPWSSKLTREIKV*tirvklnss* lnliklnt*ifnnkvy*tkvfikk Frame B: ---pmvtimil...fsn*qipkkfkwpeifclerkamkfm*wvelkrdlkaiiqsfplfltqi qshflp

[Clinical, endoscopic and morphological manifestations of oesophageal lesion in systemic scleroderma].

Science.gov (United States)

Karateev, A E; Movsiian, A E; Anan'eva, M M; Radenska-Lopovok, S G

2014-01-01

Oesophageal lesion is the commonest visceral manifestation of systemic scleroderma (SSD) affecting the quality of life and fraught with serious complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical, endoscopic andmorphological manifestations of oesophageal lesion in systemic scleroderma and its relationships with other clinical symptoms and pharmacotherapy of the disease. 479 patients with SSD (93.7% women, 6.3% men, mean age 48.7 +/- 19.2 yr). All of them underwent EGDS in 2005-2010. 123 patients were examined for the detection of Barrett's oesophagus (BO), total screening regardless of complaints was conducted in 2010. Control group included 1018 age and sex-matched patients with RA who underwent EGDS in 2008-2009. Oesophageal lesions occurred much more frequently in SSD than in RA. Oesophageal symptoms were documented in 70.0 and 29.9% cases, non-erosive oesopahgitis in 28.8 and 1.5%, erosive esophagitis in 22.5 and 2.2% ulcers in 0.8 and 0% (p < 0.001). BO manifested as intestinal metaplasia (histological study of mucosal biopsy) was found in 30 SSD patients (4.2%). Screening revealed BO in 8.9% of the patients. The development of erosive oesophagitis was unrelated to the age of the patients, duration of the disease and its form (localized or diffusive), lung pathology or Sjogren's syndrome. Cytotoxic medicines significantly increased the frequency of erosive oesophagitis, it tended to increase under effect of NSAID and low doses of aspirin. Long-term intake of PPI did not reduce the risk of oesophagitis and BO. Half of the patients with SSD have oesophagitis. Over 20% of them suffer its complications (erosion and ulcers) and 9% have BO. All such patients need endoscopic study ofoesophagus regardless of clinical symptoms.

 Cortical Atrophy is Associated with Accelerated Cognitive Decline in Mild Cognitive Impairment with Subsyndromal Depression.

Science.gov (United States)

Gonzales, Mitzi M; Insel, Philip S; Nelson, Craig; Tosun, Duygu; Mattsson, Niklas; Mueller, Susanne G; Sacuiu, Simona; Bickford, David; Weiner, Michael W; Mackin, R Scott

2017-09-01

To investigate the association between cognitive decline and cortical atrophy in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and chronic subsyndromal symptoms of depression (SSD) over a 4-year period. Prospective cohort study. Multicenter, clinic-based. Within the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative repository, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory was used to identify individuals with MCI and stable endorsement (SSD group N = 32) or no endorsement (non-SSD group N = 69) of depressive symptoms across time points. Repeated measures of cognitive outcomes, cortical atrophy, and their associations were evaluated with mixed effects models adjusting for age, education, sex, and APOE genotype. The SSD group demonstrated accelerated decline on measures of global cognition (Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale; df = 421, t = 2.242, p = 0.025), memory (Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Logical Memory II; df = 244, t = -2.525, p = 0.011), information processing speed (Trail Making Test Parts A [df = 421, t = 2.376, p = 0.018] and B [df = 421, t = 2.533, p = 0.012]), and semantic fluency (Category Fluency; df = 424, t = -2.418, p = 0.016), as well as accelerated frontal lobe (df = 341, t = -2.648, p = 0.008) and anterior cingulate (df = 341, t = -3.786, p confrontation naming or for rate of atrophy in any other regions. Accelerated frontal lobe and anterior cingulate atrophy was associated with cognitive decline on measures of global cognition, information processing speed, and semantic fluency (all p < 0.05), but not memory. Individuals with chronic SSD may represent an MCI subgroup that is highly vulnerable to accelerated cognitive decline, an effect that may be governed by frontal lobe and anterior cingulate atrophy. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Computational RNA secondary structure design: empirical complexity and improved methods

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Condon Anne

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background We investigate the empirical complexity of the RNA secondary structure design problem, that is, the scaling of the typical difficulty of the design task for various classes of RNA structures as the size of the target structure is increased. The purpose of this work is to understand better the factors that make RNA structures hard to design for existing, high-performance algorithms. Such understanding provides the basis for improving the performance of one of the best algorithms for this problem, RNA-SSD, and for characterising its limitations. Results To gain insights into the practical complexity of the problem, we present a scaling analysis on random and biologically motivated structures using an improved version of the RNA-SSD algorithm, and also the RNAinverse algorithm from the Vienna package. Since primary structure constraints are relevant for designing RNA structures, we also investigate the correlation between the number and the location of the primary structure constraints when designing structures and the performance of the RNA-SSD algorithm. The scaling analysis on random and biologically motivated structures supports the hypothesis that the running time of both algorithms scales polynomially with the size of the structure. We also found that the algorithms are in general faster when constraints are placed only on paired bases in the structure. Furthermore, we prove that, according to the standard thermodynamic model, for some structures that the RNA-SSD algorithm was unable to design, there exists no sequence whose minimum free energy structure is the target structure. Conclusion Our analysis helps to better understand the strengths and limitations of both the RNA-SSD and RNAinverse algorithms, and suggests ways in which the performance of these algorithms can be further improved.

Screened selection design for randomised phase II oncology trials: an example in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

Science.gov (United States)

Yap, Christina; Pettitt, Andrew; Billingham, Lucinda

2013-07-03

As there are limited patients for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia trials, it is important that statistical methodologies in Phase II efficiently select regimens for subsequent evaluation in larger-scale Phase III trials. We propose the screened selection design (SSD), which is a practical multi-stage, randomised Phase II design for two experimental arms. Activity is first evaluated by applying Simon's two-stage design (1989) on each arm. If both are active, the play-the-winner selection strategy proposed by Simon, Wittes and Ellenberg (SWE) (1985) is applied to select the superior arm. A variant of the design, Modified SSD, also allows the arm with the higher response rates to be recommended only if its activity rate is greater by a clinically-relevant value. The operating characteristics are explored via a simulation study and compared to a Bayesian Selection approach. Simulations showed that with the proposed SSD, it is possible to retain the sample size as required in SWE and obtain similar probabilities of selecting the correct superior arm of at least 90%; with the additional attractive benefit of reducing the probability of selecting ineffective arms. This approach is comparable to a Bayesian Selection Strategy. The Modified SSD performs substantially better than the other designs in selecting neither arm if the underlying rates for both arms are desirable but equivalent, allowing for other factors to be considered in the decision making process. Though its probability of correctly selecting a superior arm might be reduced, it still performs reasonably well. It also reduces the probability of selecting an inferior arm. SSD provides an easy to implement randomised Phase II design that selects the most promising treatment that has shown sufficient evidence of activity, with available R codes to evaluate its operating characteristics.

Soft sediment deformation structures in a lacustrine sedimentary succession induced by volcano-tectonic activities: An example from the Cretaceous Beolgeumri Formation, Wido Volcanics, Korea

Science.gov (United States)

Ko, Kyoungtae; Kim, Sung Won; Lee, Hong-Jin; Hwang, In Gul; Kim, Bok Chul; Kee, Won-Seo; Kim, Young-Seog; Gihm, Yong Sik

2017-08-01

The Cretaceous Beolgeumri Formation is composed of laminated mudstones intercalated with sandstones, chert, and a bed of lapilli tuff that were deposited in a lacustrine environment at the terminal part of a regional strike-slip fault systems on the southwestern Korean Peninsula. The Beolgeumri Formation contains various types of soft sediment deformation (SSD) structures that are characterized by a wide extent (features and deformation styles: 1) fold structures, 2) load structures, 3) water-escape structures, 4) rip-down structures, 5) boudin structures, and 6) synsedimentary fault structures. Field examination of SSD structures together with an analysis of the sedimentological records of the Beolgeumri Formation indicate that the SSD structures formed largely by liquefaction and/or fluidization triggered by ground shaking during earthquakes. To constrain the timing of the development of SSD structures in the Beolgeumri Formation, we conducted sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb zircon age dating of block sized lithic clasts bearing volcaniclastic deposits that conformably underlie (the Mangryeongbong Tuff) and overlie (the Ttandallae Tuff) the Beolgeumri Formation. The Mangryeongbong and Ttandallae Tuffs have ages of 86.63 ± 0.83 Ma and 87.24 ± 0.36 Ma, respectively, indicating that the Beolgeumri Formation was deposited during a short interval between major volcanic eruptions. The large lithic clasts of volcaniclastic deposits suggest that the Beolgeumri Formation was deposited adjacent to an active volcanic edifice(s). Syndepositional magmatic activities are suggested by the occurrence of a lapilli tuff bed in the Beolgeumri Formation and an igneous intrusion (intermediate sill) that is crosscut by a sand dike, as well as the similar age results of the underlying and overlying volcaniclastic deposits. Thus, we infer that the earthquakes that caused the development of SSD structures in the study area were closely related to syndepositional

The characteristics on dose distribution of a large field

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Sang Rok; Jeong, Deok Yang; Lee, Btiung Koo; Kwon, Young Ho

2003-01-01

In special cases of Total Body Irradiation(TBI), Half Body Irradiation(HBI), Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, E-Wing's sarcoma, lymphosarcoma and neuroblastoma a large field can be used clinically. The dose distribution of a large field can use the measurement result which gets from dose distribution of a small field (standard SSD 100 cm, size of field under 40 x 40 cm 2 ) in the substitution which always measures in practice and it will be able to calibrate. With only the method of simple calculation, it is difficult to know the dose and its uniformity of actual body region by various factor of scatter radiation. In this study, using Multidata Water Phantom from standard SSD 100 cm according to the size change of field, it measures the basic parameter (PDD,TMR,Output,Sc,Sp) From SSD 180 cm (phantom is to the bottom vertically) according to increasing of a field, it measures a basic parameter. From SSD 350 cm (phantom is to the surface of a wall, using small water phantom. which includes mylar capable of horizontal beam's measurement) it measured with the same method and compared with each other. In comparison with the standard dose data, parameter which measures between SSD 180 cm and 350 cm, it turned out there was little difference. The error range is not up to extent of the experimental error. In order to get the accurate data, it dose measures from anthropomorphous phantom or for this objective the dose measurement which is the possibility of getting the absolute value which uses the unlimited phantom that is devised especially is demanded. Additionally, it needs to consider ionization chamber use of small volume and stem effect of cable by a large field.

A systematic review and classification of interventions for speech-sound disorder in preschool children.

Science.gov (United States)

Wren, Yvonne; Harding, Sam; Goldbart, Juliet; Roulstone, Sue

2018-05-01

Multiple interventions have been developed to address speech sound disorder (SSD) in children. Many of these have been evaluated but the evidence for these has not been considered within a model which categorizes types of intervention. The opportunity to carry out a systematic review of interventions for SSD arose as part of a larger scale study of interventions for primary speech and language impairment in preschool children. To review systematically the evidence for interventions for SSD in preschool children and to categorize them within a classification of interventions for SSD. Relevant search terms were used to identify intervention studies published up to 2012, with the following inclusion criteria: participants were aged between 2 years and 5 years, 11 months; they exhibited speech, language and communication needs; and a primary outcome measure of speech was used. Studies that met inclusion criteria were quality appraised using the single case experimental design (SCED) or PEDro-P, depending on their methodology. Those judged to be high quality were classified according to the primary focus of intervention. The final review included 26 studies. Case series was the most common research design. Categorization to the classification system for interventions showed that cognitive-linguistic and production approaches to intervention were the most frequently reported. The highest graded evidence was for three studies within the auditory-perceptual and integrated categories. The evidence for intervention for preschool children with SSD is focused on seven out of 11 subcategories of interventions. Although all the studies included in the review were good quality as defined by quality appraisal checklists, they mostly represented lower-graded evidence. Higher-graded studies are needed to understand clearly the strength of evidence for different interventions. © 2018 Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists.

Dissecting Daily and Circadian Expression Rhythms of Clock-Controlled Genes in Human Blood.

Science.gov (United States)

Lech, Karolina; Ackermann, Katrin; Revell, Victoria L; Lao, Oscar; Skene, Debra J; Kayser, Manfred

2016-02-01

The identification and investigation of novel clock-controlled genes (CCGs) has been conducted thus far mainly in model organisms such as nocturnal rodents, with limited information in humans. Here, we aimed to characterize daily and circadian expression rhythms of CCGs in human peripheral blood during a sleep/sleep deprivation (S/SD) study and a constant routine (CR) study. Blood expression levels of 9 candidate CCGs (SREBF1, TRIB1, USF1, THRA1, SIRT1, STAT3, CAPRIN1, MKNK2, and ROCK2), were measured across 48 h in 12 participants in the S/SD study and across 33 h in 12 participants in the CR study. Statistically significant rhythms in expression were observed for STAT3, SREBF1, TRIB1, and THRA1 in samples from both the S/SD and the CR studies, indicating that their rhythmicity is driven by the endogenous clock. The MKNK2 gene was significantly rhythmic in the S/SD but not the CR study, which implies its exogenously driven rhythmic expression. In addition, we confirmed the circadian expression of PER1, PER3, and REV-ERBα in the CR study samples, while BMAL1 and HSPA1B were not significantly rhythmic in the CR samples; all 5 genes previously showed significant expression in the S/SD study samples. Overall, our results demonstrate that rhythmic expression patterns of clock and selected clock-controlled genes in human blood cells are in part determined by exogenous factors (sleep and fasting state) and in part by the endogenous circadian timing system. Knowledge of the exogenous and endogenous regulation of gene expression rhythms is needed prior to the selection of potential candidate marker genes for future applications in medical and forensic settings. © 2015 The Author(s).

Concentraciones de LH en periodos de transición reproductiva en cabras criollas x Nubia con diferente condición nutricional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eliab Estrada-Cortés

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Se determinó el efecto de las reservas corporales de energía (IMC y el consumo diario de alimento (CA, sobre la LH sérica durante las transiciones hacia época anovulatoria (TA y reproductiva (TR. Doce cabras Criollas/ Nubia, ovariectomizadas con implantes s.c. d e 17- ββ ββ β estradiol, se dividieron en dos grupos (n=6, uno de IMC alto (IMCA y otro b ajo (IMCB. Dentro de grupo de IMC se establecieron dos subgrupos (n=3; con restricción de alimento (CRCA y sin restricción temporal (SRCA. Se determinó la frecuencia de pulsos (FPLH, concentración media (CMLH y basal de LH (CBLH. Durante TA se observó disminución gradual de FPLH, CMLH y CBLH (2.08, 1.41, 0.41 pulsos/6 h; 2.1, 1.21, 0.51 ng/ml; 1.3, 0.8, 0.4 ng/ml; P <0.01. En TR aumentaron CMLH y CBLH (1.01, 1.58, 1.87 ng/ ml; 0.57, 0.98, 1.04 ng/ml; P <0.01. Cabras con IMCA presentaron mayor FPLH que las de IMCB durante TA (2.05 vs 0.55 pulsos/6 h; P <0.05 y TR (3.2 vs 0.9 pulsos/6 h; P<0.01 y mayor CMLH durante TR (2.1 vs 0.87 ng/ml; P <0.01. Durante TA, la restricción en CA provocó disminución más temprana de CMLH y CBLH en cabras con IMCA ( P <0.05, haciéndolas similares a cabras con IMCB. Independientemente del IMC, durante TR la restricción en CA disminuyó FPLH y CBLH ( P <0.05. En c abras criollas cruzadas, la secreción de LH es modulada por el IMC y el CA durante los periodos de transición reproductiva . A su vez durante TA, la restricción temporal en CA puede disminuir la secreción de LH aún en cabras con IMC alto.

Reading Skills of Students With Speech Sound Disorders at Three Stages of Literacy Development

Science.gov (United States)

Skebo, Crysten M.; Lewis, Barbara A.; Freebairn, Lisa A.; Tag, Jessica; Ciesla, Allison Avrich; Stein, Catherine M.

2015-01-01

Purpose The relationship between phonological awareness, overall language, vocabulary, and nonlinguistic cognitive skills to decoding and reading comprehension was examined for students at 3 stages of literacy development (i.e., early elementary school, middle school, and high school). Students with histories of speech sound disorders (SSD) with and without language impairment (LI) were compared to students without histories of SSD or LI (typical language; TL). Method In a cross-sectional design, students ages 7;0 (years; months) to 17;9 completed tests that measured reading, language, and nonlinguistic cognitive skills. Results For the TL group, phonological awareness predicted decoding at early elementary school, and overall language predicted reading comprehension at early elementary school and both decoding and reading comprehension at middle school and high school. For the SSD-only group, vocabulary predicted both decoding and reading comprehension at early elementary school, and overall language predicted both decoding and reading comprehension at middle school and decoding at high school. For the SSD and LI group, overall language predicted decoding at all 3 literacy stages and reading comprehension at early elementary school and middle school, and vocabulary predicted reading comprehension at high school. Conclusion Although similar skills contribute to reading across the age span, the relative importance of these skills changes with children’s literacy stages. PMID:23833280

Surface Solid Dispersion and Solid Dispersion of Meloxicam: Comparison and Product Development.

Science.gov (United States)

Chaturvedi, Mayank; Kumar, Manish; Pathak, Kamla; Bhatt, Shailendra; Saini, Vipin

2017-12-01

Purpose: A comparative study was carried out between surface solid dispersion (SSD) and solid dispersion (SD) of meloxicam (MLX) to assess the solubility and dissolution enhancement approach and thereafter develop as patient friendly orodispersible tablet. Methods: Crospovidone (CPV), a hydrophilic carrier was selected for SSD preparation on the basis of 89% in- vitro MLX adsorption, 19% hydration capacity and high swelling index. SD on the other hand was made with PEG4000. Both were prepared by co-grinding and solvent evaporation method using drug: carrier ratios of 1:1, 1:4, and 1:8. Formulation SSDS3 (MLX: CPV in 1:8 ratio) made by solvent evaporation method showed t 50% of 28 min and 80.9% DE 50min which was higher in comparison to the corresponding solid dispersion, SDS3 (t 50% of 35min and 76.4% DE 50min ). Both SSDS3 and SDS3 were developed as orodispersible tablets and evaluated. Results: Tablet formulation F3 made with SSD3 with a disintegration time of 11 secs, by wetting time= 6 sec, high water absorption of 78%by wt and cumulative drug release of 97% proved to be superior than the tablet made with SD3. Conclusion: Conclusively, the SSD of meloxicam has the potential to be developed as fast acing formulation that can ensure almost complete release of drug.

Surface Solid Dispersion and Solid Dispersion of Meloxicam: Comparison and Product Development

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mayank Chaturvedi

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Purpose: A comparative study was carried out between surface solid dispersion (SSD and solid dispersion (SD of meloxicam (MLX to assess the solubility and dissolution enhancement approach and thereafter develop as patient friendly orodispersible tablet. Methods: Crospovidone (CPV, a hydrophilic carrier was selected for SSD preparation on the basis of 89% in- vitro MLX adsorption, 19% hydration capacity and high swelling index. SD on the other hand was made with PEG4000. Both were prepared by co-grinding and solvent evaporation method using drug: carrier ratios of 1:1, 1:4, and 1:8. Formulation SSDS3 (MLX: CPV in 1:8 ratio made by solvent evaporation method showed t50% of 28 min and 80.9% DE50min which was higher in comparison to the corresponding solid dispersion, SDS3 (t50% of 35min and 76.4% DE50min. Both SSDS3 and SDS3 were developed as orodispersible tablets and evaluated. Results: Tablet formulation F3 made with SSD3 with a disintegration time of 11 secs, by wetting time= 6 sec, high water absorption of 78%by wt and cumulative drug release of 97% proved to be superior than the tablet made with SD3. Conclusion: Conclusively, the SSD of meloxicam has the potential to be developed as fast acing formulation that can ensure almost complete release of drug.

Non-Contrast Computed Tomography Scan Based Parameters of Ureteric Stones Affecting the Outcome of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

Science.gov (United States)

Ayaz Khan, Mohammad; Waqas Iqbal, Muhammad; Akbar, Mian Khalid; Saqib, Imad-ud-din; Akhter, Saeed

2017-01-01

Objective  To compare the non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) scan-based parameters of ureteric stones affecting the outcome of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Materials and methods We retrospectively evaluated the pre-procedure NCCT of 74 patients who had ESWL for solitary ureteric calculi of 5-20 mm in diameter. We assessed the age, sex, basal metabolic index (BMI), laterality, location, presence of double 'J' (DJ) stent, skin to stone distance (SSD), stone maximum diameter, Hounsfield unit (HU), Hounsfield density (HD), area, and volume. All those who had no stone on follow-up imaging within 30 days were declared successful while those who had residual stone were declared failures. Results The overall success rate was 78% (58/74). Sixty (81.1%) patients were male. The success of ESWL was correlated with lower SSD, Hounsfield units (HU) and Hounsfield density (HD). However, in multivariate analysis, SSD, Hounsfield unit, and stone area showed correlation with success of procedure but Hounsfield density failed to show correlation. The success rate in patients with stone HU 1000 were 93.9%, 69%, and 58.3%, respectively. Patients with lower BMI (30 kg/m2) and higher HD (>76 HU/mm). Conclusion BMI, SSD, stone Hounsfield units and Hounsfield unit density were strong predictors of outcome of ESWL for ureteric stone. PMID:28589076

The speech perception skills of children with and without speech sound disorder.

Science.gov (United States)

Hearnshaw, Stephanie; Baker, Elise; Munro, Natalie

To investigate whether Australian-English speaking children with and without speech sound disorder (SSD) differ in their overall speech perception accuracy. Additionally, to investigate differences in the perception of specific phonemes and the association between speech perception and speech production skills. Twenty-five Australian-English speaking children aged 48-60 months participated in this study. The SSD group included 12 children and the typically developing (TD) group included 13 children. Children completed routine speech and language assessments in addition to an experimental Australian-English lexical and phonetic judgement task based on Rvachew's Speech Assessment and Interactive Learning System (SAILS) program (Rvachew, 2009). This task included eight words across four word-initial phonemes-/k, ɹ, ʃ, s/. Children with SSD showed significantly poorer perceptual accuracy on the lexical and phonetic judgement task compared with TD peers. The phonemes /ɹ/ and /s/ were most frequently perceived in error across both groups. Additionally, the phoneme /ɹ/ was most commonly produced in error. There was also a positive correlation between overall speech perception and speech production scores. Children with SSD perceived speech less accurately than their typically developing peers. The findings suggest that an Australian-English variation of a lexical and phonetic judgement task similar to the SAILS program is promising and worthy of a larger scale study. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

El tratamiento mediático del dopaje en el periodo de transición democrática = Media treatment of doping during the democratic transition period

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Noemí García Arjona

2013-04-01

Full Text Available La actualidad deportiva no deja de mostrarnos el enorme impacto mediático del dopaje, y la importancia de cómo el deportista objeto de sospecha aparece expuesto, ya sea para alabarlo o para juzgarlo. Sin embargo, esta relación ya tiene sus precedentes en la historia reciente, siendo el periodo del tardofranquismo y la transición democrática clave para la sociedad y para el deporte en el contexto español, y que tomamos como referencia. A través de la prensa especializada (Marca, Mundo Deportivo, As, se va a analizar el papel histórico que los medios deportivos en España han desempeñado con relación al atleta sospechoso de dopaje: unas veces bajo la “ley del silencio”, otras bajo una aparente ingenuidad, y en ocasiones comprensivos con las vicisitudes del deportista.----------------------------------------------------------------------------Current sport situation continues to show the enormous media impact of doping, and the importance of how the athlete under suspicion appears exposed, either to praise or to judge. However, this relationship has its precedents in recent history, having as reference the period of the last years of Franco’s regime and early times of democratic transition, due to its importance for the society as well as for sport in the Spanish context. Through the specialized press (Marca, Mundo Deportivo, As, we will analyze the historical role played sports media in Spain related to the athlete suspected of doping: sometimes under the “law of silence”, sometimes under an apparent naivety, and in other cases, comprehensive to the difficulties of the athlete.

Wavelet Space-Scale-Decomposition Analysis of QSO's Ly$\\alpha$ Absorption Lines: Spectrum of Density Perturbations

OpenAIRE

Pando, Jesus; Fang, Li-Zhi

1995-01-01

A method for measuring the spectrum of a density field by a discrete wavelet space-scale decomposition (SSD) has been studied. We show how the power spectrum can effectively be described by the father function coefficients (FFC) of the wavelet SSD. We demonstrate that the features of the spectrum, such as the magnitude, the index of a power law, and the typical scales, can be determined with high precision by the FFC reconstructed spectrum. This method does not require the mean density, which...

Cochlear Implantation and Single-sided Deafness: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cabral Junior, Francisco

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Introduction Current data show that binaural hearing is superior to unilateral hearing, specifically in the understanding of speech in noisy environments. Furthermore, unilateral hearing reduce onés ability to localize sound. Objectives This study provides a systematic review of recent studies to evaluate the outcomes of cochlear implantation in patients with single-sided deafness (SSD with regards to speech discrimination, sound localization and tinnitus suppression. Data Synthesis We performed a search in the PubMed, Cochrane Library and Lilacs databases to assess studies related to cochlear implantation in patients with unilateral deafness. After critical appraisal, eleven studies were selected for data extraction and analysis of demographic, study design and outcome data. Conclusion Although some studies have shown encouraging results on cochlear implantation and SSD, all fail to provide a high level of evidence. Larger studies are necessary to define the tangible benefits of cochlear implantation in patients with SSD.

The phonological memory profile of preschool children who make atypical speech sound errors.

Science.gov (United States)

Waring, Rebecca; Eadie, Patricia; Rickard Liow, Susan; Dodd, Barbara

2018-01-01

Previous research indicates that children with speech sound disorders (SSD) have underlying phonological memory deficits. The SSD population, however, is diverse. While children who make consistent atypical speech errors (phonological disorder/PhDis) are known to have executive function deficits in rule abstraction and cognitive flexibility, little is known about their memory profile. Sixteen monolingual preschool children with atypical speech errors (PhDis) were matched individually to age-and-gender peers with typically developing speech (TDS). The two groups were compared on forward recall of familiar words (pointing response), reverse recall of familiar words (pointing response), and reverse recall of digits (spoken response) and a receptive vocabulary task. There were no differences between children with TDS and children with PhDis on forward recall or vocabulary tasks. However, children with TDS significantly outperformed children with PhDis on the two reverse recall tasks. Findings suggest that atypical speech errors are associated with impaired phonological working memory, implicating executive function impairment in specific subtypes of SSD.

An exploratory study of the influence of load and practice on segmental and articulatory variability in children with speech sound disorders.

Science.gov (United States)

Vuolo, Janet; Goffman, Lisa

2017-01-01

This exploratory treatment study used phonetic transcription and speech kinematics to examine changes in segmental and articulatory variability. Nine children, ages 4 to 8 years old, served as participants, including two with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), five with speech sound disorder (SSD) and two who were typically developing. Children practised producing agent + action phrases in an imitation task (low linguistic load) and a retrieval task (high linguistic load) over five sessions. In the imitation task in session one, both participants with CAS showed high degrees of segmental and articulatory variability. After five sessions, imitation practice resulted in increased articulatory variability for five participants. Retrieval practice resulted in decreased articulatory variability in three participants with SSD. These results suggest that short-term speech production practice in rote imitation disrupts articulatory control in children with and without CAS. In contrast, tasks that require linguistic processing may scaffold learning for children with SSD but not CAS.

O que lembra o paciente com TCE sobre o período de hospitalização? Lo que recuerda el enfermero com TCE sobre el periodo de hospitalización? Head injured patients: what they recall about their hospitalization time?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Denise Alves

2000-04-01

Full Text Available Trata-se da análise das lembranças do período de internação referidas pelos pacientes que sofreram TCE de diferentes gravidades. O estudo foi realizado no ambulatório de Trauma de Crânio do Instituto Central do HC-FMUSP com amostra de 45 pacientes conscientes e capazes de manter entrevista. Predominaram pacientes do sexo masculino, adultos jovens, que tiveram como causas acidentes de trânsito e quedas. A maioria (86,0% informou ter ficado desacordada em diferentes tempos de duração e nada recordar deste período. Naqueles que sempre estiveram alertas ou que acordaram ainda internados as lembranças relacionaram-se com ter visto, sentido, ouvido ou reagido a sons e procedimentos.Se estudiaron los recuerdos que enfermos de TCE de distinta gravedad tienen del periodo de hospitalización. El estudio fue realizado en el servicio de consulta externa de traumatismo del Cráneo del Instituto Central del HC - FMUSP y fueron entrevistados 45 enfermos conscientes y capaces de contestar preguntas. La mayoría de los enfermos eran del sexo masculino, jóvenes y víctimas de accidentes de tránsito y caídas. La mayoría de los enfermos (86% dijeron no estar despiertos en todos los momentos y que no se recordaban de nada del periodo. Los recuerdos relatados por los que estuvieron despiertos y también por aquellos que se despertaron durante la hospitalización, eran sobre todo mirar, sentir, oír o reaccionar a sonidos y procedimientos.Traumatic brain injured (TBI patients with different trauma severity were analyzed about their recollection concerning the period of hospitalization. The study was carried out in the Head Injury Outpatient Clinic at the Central Institute of the FMUSP Hospital including 45 conscious patients able to sustain an interview. Most patients were male, young adults with the major cause of trauma such as traffic accidents and falls. Most patients (86% reported uncosciouness state of different time duration in their

A comparative study to evaluate the effect of honey dressing and silver sulfadiazene dressing on wound healing in burn patients

OpenAIRE

Baghel, P. S.; Shukla, S.; Mathur, R. K.; Randa, R.

2009-01-01

To compare the effect of honey dressing and silver-sulfadiazene (SSD) dressing on wound healing in burn patients. Patients (n=78) of both sexes, with age group between 10 and 50 years and with first and second degree of burn of less than 50% of TBSA (Total body surface area) were included in the study, over a period of 2 years (2006-08). After stabilization, patients were randomly attributed into two groups: ?honey group? and ?SSD group?. Time elapsed since burn was recorded. After washing wi...

Determination of organ doses during radiological examinations and calculation of somatically significant dose

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Steiner, H.

1980-01-01

Examples are used to demonstrate that a shift in the point of emphasis is necessary with regard to radiation hazard in medicinal X-ray diagnosis. The parameters employed in this study to calculate somatic dose (SD) and somatically significant dose (SSD) may well be in need of modification; nevertheless the numerical estimation of SSD arrived at here appears to reflect the right order of magnitude for the estimation of somatic risk. The consideration of the threshold dose for somatic injury remains a problem. (orig./MG) [de

Quantitative interpretation of the magnetic susceptibility frequency dependence

Science.gov (United States)

Ustra, Andrea; Mendonça, Carlos A.; Leite, Aruã; Jovane, Luigi; Trindade, Ricardo I. F.

2018-05-01

Low-field mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurements using multifrequency alternating fields are commonly used to evaluate concentration of ferrimagnetic particles in the transition of superparamagnetic (SP) to stable single domain (SSD). In classical palaeomagnetic analyses, this measurement serves as a preliminary assessment of rock samples providing rapid, non-destructive, economical and easy information of magnetic properties. The SP-SSD transition is relevant in environmental studies because it has been associated with several geological and biogeochemical processes affecting magnetic mineralogy. MS is a complex function of mineral-type and grain-size distribution, as well as measuring parameters such as external field magnitude and frequency. In this work, we propose a new technique to obtain quantitative information on grain-size variations of magnetic particles in the SP-SSD transition by inverting frequency-dependent susceptibility. We introduce a descriptive parameter named as `limiting frequency effect' that provides an accurate estimation of MS loss with frequency. Numerical simulations show the methodology capability in providing data fitting and model parameters in many practical situations. Real-data applications with magnetite nanoparticles and core samples from sediments of Poggio le Guaine section of Umbria-Marche Basin (Italy) provide additional information not clearly recognized when interpreting cruder MS data. Caution is needed when interpreting frequency dependence in terms of single relaxation processes, which are not universally applicable and depend upon the nature of magnetic mineral in the material. Nevertheless, the proposed technique is a promising tool for SP-SSD content analyses.

Design,construction and commissioning of a cylinder of double-sided silicon micro-strips detectors for the Star experiment at RHIC; Developpement et mise en oeuvre de detecteurs silicium a micropistes pour l'experience star

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guedon, M

2005-05-15

This study has been performed in the frame of quark gluon plasma physics research in the STAR experiment at RHIC. It deals with the design, the construction and the commissioning of a barrel of silicon-strip detectors (SSD). Added to the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) of the STAR detector, it extends the capabilities of track reconstruction for charged particles emitted in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. It also contributes to the general study of the quark-gluon plasma production undertaken at STAR. The SSD is a cylinder of 1 m long and of 23 cm radius, and it is composed of 320 compact identical modules. Each module includes one double-sided silicon micro-strip detector, 12 readout chips ALICE 128C, 12 TAB ribbons, 2 COSTAR control chips and 2 hybrids supporting all the components. The document explains why the SSD is an important and relevant element, and justifies the technological choices as well as their validation by in-beam characterization. All component functionalities, characteristics and test procedures are presented. The data and test results are stored in a database for tracing purpose. Component and module production is described. Two parallel studies have been performed, analysed and described. One on the temperature dependence of the module performances and the other one on the optimal adjustments of the analogue blocks inside the ALICE 128C chip. The SSD installation on the RHIC site as well as the commissioning are presented together with the first data takings. (author)

Design,construction and commissioning of a cylinder of double-sided silicon micro-strips detectors for the Star experiment at RHIC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guedon, M.

2005-05-01

This study has been performed in the frame of quark gluon plasma physics research in the STAR experiment at RHIC. It deals with the design, the construction and the commissioning of a barrel of silicon-strip detectors (SSD). Added to the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) of the STAR detector, it extends the capabilities of track reconstruction for charged particles emitted in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. It also contributes to the general study of the quark-gluon plasma production undertaken at STAR. The SSD is a cylinder of 1 m long and of 23 cm radius, and it is composed of 320 compact identical modules. Each module includes one double-sided silicon micro-strip detector, 12 readout chips ALICE 128C, 12 TAB ribbons, 2 COSTAR control chips and 2 hybrids supporting all the components. The document explains why the SSD is an important and relevant element, and justifies the technological choices as well as their validation by in-beam characterization. All component functionalities, characteristics and test procedures are presented. The data and test results are stored in a database for tracing purpose. Component and module production is described. Two parallel studies have been performed, analysed and described. One on the temperature dependence of the module performances and the other one on the optimal adjustments of the analogue blocks inside the ALICE 128C chip. The SSD installation on the RHIC site as well as the commissioning are presented together with the first data takings. (author)

Future needs and recommendations in the development of species sensitivity distributions: Estimating toxicity thresholds for aquatic ecological communities and assessing impacts of chemical exposures.

Science.gov (United States)

Belanger, Scott; Barron, Mace; Craig, Peter; Dyer, Scott; Galay-Burgos, Malyka; Hamer, Mick; Marshall, Stuart; Posthuma, Leo; Raimondo, Sandy; Whitehouse, Paul

2017-07-01

A species sensitivity distribution (SSD) is a probability model of the variation of species sensitivities to a stressor, in particular chemical exposure. The SSD approach has been used as a decision support tool in environmental protection and management since the 1980s, and the ecotoxicological, statistical, and regulatory basis and applications continue to evolve. This article summarizes the findings of a 2014 workshop held by the European Centre for Toxicology and Ecotoxicology of Chemicals and the UK Environment Agency in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, on the ecological relevance, statistical basis, and regulatory applications of SSDs. An array of research recommendations categorized under the topical areas of use of SSDs, ecological considerations, guideline considerations, method development and validation, toxicity data, mechanistic understanding, and uncertainty were identified and prioritized. A rationale for the most critical research needs identified in the workshop is provided. The workshop reviewed the technical basis and historical development and application of SSDs, described approaches to estimating generic and scenario-specific SSD-based thresholds, evaluated utility and application of SSDs as diagnostic tools, and presented new statistical approaches to formulate SSDs. Collectively, these address many of the research needs to expand and improve their application. The highest priority work, from a pragmatic regulatory point of view, is to develop a guidance of best practices that could act as a basis for global harmonization and discussions regarding the SSD methodology and tools. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:664-674. © 2016 SETAC. © 2016 SETAC.

Design,construction and commissioning of a cylinder of double-sided silicon micro-strips detectors for the Star experiment at RHIC; Developpement et mise en oeuvre de detecteurs silicium a micropistes pour l'experience star

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guedon, M

2005-05-15

This study has been performed in the frame of quark gluon plasma physics research in the STAR experiment at RHIC. It deals with the design, the construction and the commissioning of a barrel of silicon-strip detectors (SSD). Added to the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) of the STAR detector, it extends the capabilities of track reconstruction for charged particles emitted in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. It also contributes to the general study of the quark-gluon plasma production undertaken at STAR. The SSD is a cylinder of 1 m long and of 23 cm radius, and it is composed of 320 compact identical modules. Each module includes one double-sided silicon micro-strip detector, 12 readout chips ALICE 128C, 12 TAB ribbons, 2 COSTAR control chips and 2 hybrids supporting all the components. The document explains why the SSD is an important and relevant element, and justifies the technological choices as well as their validation by in-beam characterization. All component functionalities, characteristics and test procedures are presented. The data and test results are stored in a database for tracing purpose. Component and module production is described. Two parallel studies have been performed, analysed and described. One on the temperature dependence of the module performances and the other one on the optimal adjustments of the analogue blocks inside the ALICE 128C chip. The SSD installation on the RHIC site as well as the commissioning are presented together with the first data takings. (author)

EVALUACIÓN DE LA SENSIBILIDAD DE LA CUOTA DE LOS PRÉSTAMOS A INTERÉS VARIABLE A LA VARIACIÓN DEL ÍNDICE DE REFERENCIA. EVIDENCIA EMPÍRICA EN EL MERCADO HIPOTECARIO ESPAÑOL EN EL PERIODO 2009-2013

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

de Andrés Sánchez, Jorge

2015-09-01

Full Text Available En los préstamos pactados a interés revisable, el prestatario asume el riesgo de subidas deltipo de interés. Dada la importancia de este riesgo, se trata de un tema recurrente en la prensa económica-financiera. En este trabajo mostramos cómo la duración de un préstamo francés pactado a tipo de interés fijo puede ser utilizada para evaluar la sensibilidad de la cuota de un préstamo análogo, pero pactado a tipo de interés revisable, ante cambios de dicho tipo. También realizamos una aplicación empírica sobre los índices oficiales del mercado hipotecario en el mercado español para el periodo 2009-2013. En esta comprobamos que el índice que provoca menos volatilidad en las cuotas del préstamo es el EURIBOR, mientras que el que provoca una mayor volatilidad es el tipo medio de los préstamos para la adquisición de vivienda de la zona euro.

Sexualidad en el periodo gestacional

OpenAIRE

García Romero, María

2014-01-01

Escasos son los estudios que investigan la actividad sexual durante el período gestacional, y que plantean posibles soluciones para paliar los problemas y/o mejorar los conocimientos que tengan los futuros padres. Se trata de una etapa en las que se producen una serie de cambios biopsicosociales que repercutirán en sus vidas y, por lo tanto, en su sexualidad. OBJETIVO: Identificar los cambios y/o problemas más frecuentes que presenta la mujer embarazada respecto a su sexuali...

Variabilidad espacial y temporal de larvas de jurel Trachurus murphyien el Perú entre 1966 –2010

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patricia Ayón

2013-10-01

Full Text Available El análisis espacial y temporal de larvas de jurel Trachurus murphyien el mar peruano entre los años 1966 y 2010 confirma su presencia constante durante todo el periodo estudiado. En general, en este periodo la abundancia de larvas de jurel T. murphyimuestra una tendencia ligeramente ascendente destacándose cambios en la distribución espacial y una alta variabilidad interanual, con cortos periodos de alta abundancia promedio, intercalados con periodos más prolongados y de baja abundancia. El promedio anual estimado varió entre 3 y 79 larvas/ m2 . La distribución espacial presentó tres periodos importantes: uno con mayores densidades de larvas al sur de los 14°S, entre 1970 y 1979; cambió hacia el norte de esta latitud, entre 1980 y 1999; y otro de mayor densidad al sur de los 18°S, en el último periodo 2000 – 2010. Los centros de gravedad de la distribución de larvas presentaron tres periodos muy notorios: fueron más costeros hacia el sur de los 14°S, entre 1966 y1978; más oceánicos y al norte de los 14°S, entre 1979 y 1994; y con una posición intermedia entre 1995 – 2010. Se discute la relación entre la distribución de las larvas con las variables oceanográficas y la distribución de T. murphyiadultos y juveniles, además se destaca que el mar del Perú es un centro principal y permanente de actividad reproductiva de esta especie.

Modeling characterization of the National Ignition Facility focal spot

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Williams, W.H.

1998-01-01

The predicted focal spot size of the National Ignition Facility laser is parameterized against the finish quality of the optics in the system. Results are reported from simulations which include static optics aberrations, as well as pump-induced distortions, beam self-focusing, and the effect of an adaptive optic. The simulations do not include contributions from optics mounting errors, residual thermal noise in laser slabs from previous shots, air turbulence, a kinoform phase plate, or smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD). Consequently, these results represent ''first shot of the day'', without-SSD, predictions

SISTEMAS DE SOPORTE DE DECISIONES PARA LA CREACIÓN DE MODELOS NUMÉRICOS HIDRODINÁMICOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Toro

Full Text Available Este artículo hace una corta descripción de las fases y pasos durante el desarrollo de un modelo numérico hidrodinámico y de las características que debe tener un Sistema de Soporte de Decisiones (SSD que asista al investigador en esta actividad. El SSD maneja, integra y analiza los resultados numéricos del modelo y los datos de campo, que se han incrementado mucho debido a los avances tecnológicos de las últimas décadas en este ramo.

Evolución de la mortalidad infantil, neonatal y postneonatal en Andalucía, 1975-1998

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Ruiz Ramos

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: La mortalidad infantil, y sus componentes neonatal y postneonatal, son importantes indicadores de salud, lo cual justifica su análisis periódico incluso en países desarrollados donde sus tasas han descendido considerablemente. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las modificaciones registradas en dichas tasas en Andalucía en el último cuarto de siglo. Métodos: Se han calculado las tasas anuales de mortalidad infantil, neonatal precoz y tardía, así como post-neonatal en 1975- 1998. Mediante regresión de Poisson se han estimado los porcentajes anuales de cambio de las tasas en los dos intervalos de 1975-1986 y 1987-1998 así como en el periodo completo 1975-1998. Se ha analizado también la mortalidad proporcional por causas infecciosas, respiratorias, congénitas, afecciones originadas en el periodo perinatal y el resto de causas, así como la razón de tasas de mortalidad por afecciones originadas en el periodo perinatal y para el total de causas, en el quinquenio 1994-98 respecto al quinquenio 1975-79, en los periodos infantil, neonatal (precoz y tardío y postneonatal. Resultados: Los mayores descensos porcentuales se han producido en la mortalidad neonatal precoz (6,38% y tardía (4,6%. La razón de tasas de mortalidad por afecciones originadas en el periodo perinatal entre 1994-98 y 1975-79 es 10 para la mortalidad postneonatal mientras que es inferior a 1 para la mortalidad neonatal tardía (0,63, precoz (0,33 e infantil (0,30. Conclusiones: La mortalidad en los periodos infantil, neonatal precoz, tardío y post-neonatal ha descendido acusadamente entre 1975 y 1998. El riesgo de fallecer por afecciones originadas en el periodo perinatal de los niños con más de 4 semanas y menos de 1 año de vida (periodo postneonatal se ha multiplicado por diez entre 1975-79 y 1994-98.

Green and blue water footprint reduction in irrigated agriculture: effect of irrigation techniques, irrigation strategies and mulching

Science.gov (United States)

Chukalla, A. D.; Krol, M. S.; Hoekstra, A. Y.

2015-12-01

Consumptive water footprint (WF) reduction in irrigated crop production is essential given the increasing competition for freshwater. This study explores the effect of three management practices on the soil water balance and plant growth, specifically on evapotranspiration (ET) and yield (Y) and thus the consumptive WF of crops (ET / Y). The management practices are four irrigation techniques (furrow, sprinkler, drip and subsurface drip (SSD)), four irrigation strategies (full (FI), deficit (DI), supplementary (SI) and no irrigation), and three mulching practices (no mulching, organic (OML) and synthetic (SML) mulching). Various cases were considered: arid, semi-arid, sub-humid and humid environments in Israel, Spain, Italy and the UK, respectively; wet, normal and dry years; three soil types (sand, sandy loam and silty clay loam); and three crops (maize, potato and tomato). The AquaCrop model and the global WF accounting standard were used to relate the management practices to effects on ET, Y and WF. For each management practice, the associated green, blue and total consumptive WF were compared to the reference case (furrow irrigation, full irrigation, no mulching). The average reduction in the consumptive WF is 8-10 % if we change from the reference to drip or SSD, 13 % when changing to OML, 17-18 % when moving to drip or SSD in combination with OML, and 28 % for drip or SSD in combination with SML. All before-mentioned reductions increase by one or a few per cent when moving from full to deficit irrigation. Reduction in overall consumptive WF always goes together with an increasing ratio of green to blue WF. The WF of growing a crop for a particular environment is smallest under DI, followed by FI, SI and rain-fed. Growing crops with sprinkler irrigation has the largest consumptive WF, followed by furrow, drip and SSD. Furrow irrigation has a smaller consumptive WF compared with sprinkler, even though the classical measure of "irrigation efficiency" for furrow

Evaluation of gastric carcinoma with CT three-dimensional imaging compared with conventional barium study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ju Shenghong; Chen Feng; Zheng Kai'er; Sun Jun

2002-01-01

Objective: To assess the role of three-dimensional (3D) CT imaging including CT virtual gastroscopy (CTVG), surface-shaded display (SSD), and Raysum Display in the evaluation of gastric carcinoma compared with upper gastrointestinal series (UGI). Methods: In 43 histologically proved gastric carcinoma patients (37 advanced gastric carcinomas and 6 early gastric carcinomas), the results of CTVG and 3D CT imaging were compared to that of UGI. Two observers blindly evaluated images with all four techniques in terms of image quality, artifacts, diagnostic confidence, and Borrmann classification. Sensitivities of lesion detection and classification based on Borrmann classification of CTVG and 3D CT were determined by comparing them to surgical and histological findings. Results: The lesion detection sensitivity of CTVG, SSD, Raysum, and UGI by two observers were 98%, 67%, 60% and 84%, and 98%, 70%, 70% and 88%, respectively. The Borrmann's classification sensitivity by two observers were 76%, 49%, 38% and 49%, and 78%, 51%, 35% and 43%, respectively. Overall image quality of CTVG, SSD, and Raysum was considered similar to that of UGI by both observers (P>0.05). There was no statistical significant difference for advanced lesion (with diagnostic confidence of 3 or above) in detection sensitivity between CTVG and UGI (χ 2 = 0.50 and 0.25, P>0.05), but the lesion detection sensitivity of SSD and Raysum display were lower than that of UGI (χ 2 4.17, 7.11 and 5.14, 4.17, P 2 = 4.90 and 4.92, P 2 = 2.25, P > 0.05). Excess fluid remained in the stomach and patient respiratory movement during breath holds were the reasons causing severe artifacts (6.1%) that influenced the diagnostic evaluation. Conclusion: The performance of CTVG was equivalent to UGI in the Borrmann's classification. CTVG has potential in the detection of early gastric carcinoma. The value of SSD and Raysum display was limited in the evaluation of gastric carcinoma when used alone clinically

Apparent diffusion coefficient histogram analysis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cauley, Keith A.; Filippi, Christopher G.

2014-01-01

Diffusion-weighted imaging is a valuable tool in the assessment of the neonatal brain, and changes in diffusion are seen in normal development as well as in pathological states such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Various methods of quantitative assessment of diffusion values have been reported. Global ischemic injury occurring during the time of rapid developmental changes in brain myelination can complicate the imaging diagnosis of neonatal HIE. To compare a quantitative method of histographic analysis of brain apparent coefficient (ADC) maps to the qualitative interpretation of routine brain MR imaging studies. We correlate changes in diffusion values with gestational age in radiographically normal neonates, and we investigate the sensitivity of the method as a quantitative measure of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. We reviewed all brain MRI studies from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at our university medical center over a 4-year period to identify cases that were radiographically normal (23 cases) and those with diffuse, global hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (12 cases). We histographically displayed ADC values of a single brain slice at the level of the basal ganglia and correlated peak (s-sD av ) and lowest histogram values (s-sD lowest ) with gestational age. Normative s-sD av values correlated significantly with gestational age and declined linearly through the neonatal period (r 2 = 0.477, P av and s-sD lowest ADC values than were reflected in the normative distribution; several cases of HIE fell within a 95% confidence interval for normative studies, and one case demonstrated higher-than-normal s-sD av . Single-slice histographic display of ADC values is a rapid and clinically feasible method of quantitative analysis of diffusion. In this study normative values derived from consecutive neonates without radiographic evidence of ischemic injury are correlated with gestational age, declining linearly throughout the perinatal period. This

Influence for high intensity irradiation on characteristics of silicon strip-detectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anokhin, I.E.; Pugatch, V.M.; Zinets, O.S.

1995-01-01

Full text: Silicon strip detectors (SSD) are widely used for the coordinate determination of short-range as well as minimum ionizing particles with high spatial resolution. Submicron position sensitivity of strip-detectors for short-range particles has been studied by means of two dimensional analyses of charges collected by neighboring strips as well as by measurement of charge collection times [1]. Silicon strip detectors was also used for testing high energy electron beam [2]. Under large fluences the radiation defects are stored and such characteristics of strip-detectors as an accuracy of the coordinate determination and the registration efficiency are significantly changed. Radiation defects lead to a decrease of the lifetime and mobility of charge carriers and therefore to changes of conditions for the charge collection in detectors. The inhomogeneity in spatial distribution if defects and electrical field plays an important role in the charge collection. In this report the role of the diffusion and drift in the charge collection in silicon strip-detectors under irradiation up to 10 Mrad has been studied. The electric field distribution and its dependence on the radiation dose in the detector have been calculated. It is shown that for particles incident between adjacent strips the coordinate determination precision depends strongly on the detector geometry and the electric field distribution, particularly in the vicinity of strips. Measuring simultaneously the collected charges and collection times on adjacent strips one can essentially improve reliability of the coordinate determination for short-range particles. Usually SSD are fabricated on n-type wafers. It is well known that under high intensity irradiation n-Si material converts into p-Si as far as p-type silicon is more radiative hard than n-type silicon [3] it is reasonable to fabricate SSD using high resistivity p-Si. Characteristics of SSD in basis n-and P-Si have been compared and higher

Análisis bibliométrico de la investigación sobre tuberculosis en el Perú: periodo 1981-2010

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martín Yagui-Moscoso

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La tuberculosis (TB es una de las prioridades sanitarias y de investigación nacional. La producción científica sobre TB en el Perú no ha sido estudiada. Objetivo: Analizar las publicaciones sobre tuberculosis (TB realizadas en el Perú en el periodo 1981 2010. Diseño: Estudio bibliométrico sobre tuberculosis en el Perú. Lugar: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos e Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú. Unidad de análisis: Artículos originales, incluyendo reportes y series de casos, desarrollados completamente en Perú o estudios multicéntricos con participación de sedes peruanas. Intervenciones: La búsqueda bibliográfica fue realizada en revistas indizadas en Medline, SciELO y LILACS, entre 1981 y 2010. Para cada artículo se registró año de publicación, autores, duración de la ejecución, idioma, área de estudio, tipo de publicación, diseño de estudio, ámbito de estudio, población de estudio, tipo de investigación definida por OPS, instituciones participantes, fuentes de financiamiento y factor de impacto. Principales medidas de resultados: Indicadores bibliométricos de producción. Resultados: Identificamos 233 artículos sobre tuberculosis. El tiempo promedio de duración de los estudios fue de 2,79 ± 3,55 años, mientras que el promedio entre la finalización del estudio y su publicación fue de 2,95 ± 1,65 años. Respecto al área de estudio del artículo, 68 (29,2% trataron principalmente temas clínicos, 66 (28,3% el área de epidemiología, 56 (24% temas de salud pública. Solo 27,9% de los artículos fue publicado en revistas biomédicas nacionales. La mayoría de artículos tuvo participación de alguna institución internacional (71%. Conclusiones: A pesar del evidente incremento en la producción científica sobre TB en el Perú, esta aún se encuentra lejos de lo producido por países con mayor desarrollo. Además de adoptar medidas para incrementar la producción científica e

Calidad de la carne de cerdo, efecto de la congelacion y descongelacion, uso del calentamiento dielectrico para la descongelacion y la espectroscopia dielectrica para evaluar la calidad tecnologica

OpenAIRE

Bekele Beshah, Wondwossen

2014-01-01

La calidad de la carne de cerdo está determinada por múltiples factores que están interrelacionados entre sí, ya que durante el periodo antes del sacrificio, los animales experimentan situaciones de estrés que repercuten en su bienestar. Estos elementos relacionados con el periodo ante-mortem pueden posteriormente afectar la calidad de la carne. Por tal motivo, el objetivo fundamental de esta tesis documental es revisar los factores relacionados con la genética y los periodos ante-mortem y po...

Exposure-based cognitive-behavioural therapy via the internet and as bibliotherapy for somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Hedman, Erik; Axelsson, Erland; Andersson, Erik; Lekander, Mats; Ljótsson, Brjánn

2016-11-01

In DSM-5 two new diagnoses, somatic symptom disorder (SSD) and illness anxiety disorder (IAD), have replaced DSM-IV hypochondriasis. There are no previous treatment studies for these disorders. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) delivered as therapist-guided or unguided internet treatment or as unguided bibliotherapy could be used to increase treatment accessibility. To investigate the effect of CBT delivered as guided internet treatment (ICBT), unguided internet treatment (U-ICBT) and as unguided bibliotherapy. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) where participants (n = 132) with a diagnosis of SSD or IAD were randomised to ICBT, U-ICBT, bibliotherapy or to a control condition on a waiting list (trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01966705). Compared with the control condition, all three treatment groups made large and significant improvements on the primary outcome Health Anxiety Inventory (between-group d at post-treatment was 0.80-1.27). ICBT, U-ICBT and bibliotherapy can be highly effective in the treatment of SSD and IAD. This is the first study showing that these new DSM-5 disorders can be effectively treated. © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2016.

Evaluation of effective source position for local linear accelerator and inserts

CERN Document Server

Mansy, M; Sharaf, M; El-Fiki, M A; Sherif, M

1999-01-01

All types of treatment planning systems need some input measured beam data. Such data differ in type and number depending on the model of electron beam algorithm used inside. In addition to the number of percentage depth dose (%DD) and cross beam profiles, the effective source surface distance parameter SSD sub e sub f sub f was also recommended to be measured and transferred to the planning system. Output measurements were carried out using 0.6cc cylindrical Farmer type ion chamber placed in water phantom at depth of dose maximum, in Radiat. Phys. Dep., Malmoe Hospital, Lund University, Sweden. Results were collected for all available energies combined with both applicators and inserts on a Varian Clinac 2100C. SSD sub e sub f sub f was determined from the ionization measurements using equation given by Khan et al.(1991). Comparing the results with those obtained by Roback et al. (1995) on a similar Varian Clinac 2100C, it was found that the deviation of SSD sub e sub f sub f was <=7.5% for combination of...

The study on the X-ray correction method of long fracture displacement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jia Bin; Huang Ailing; Chen Fuzhong; Men Chunyan; Sui Chengzong; Cui Yiming; Yang Yundong

2010-01-01

Objective: To explore the image correction of fracture displacement by conventional X-ray photography (ortho tropic and lateral) and test by computed tomography (CT). Methods: The correction method of fracture displacement was designed according to geometry of X-ray photography. Selected one midhumeral fracture specimen which designed with lateral shift and angular displacement, and scanned from anteroposterior and position respectively, and also volume scanned using CT, the data obtained from volume scan were processed using multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and shaded surface display (SSD). The displacement data relied on X-ray image, CT with MPR and SSD processing, actual design of specimens were compared respectively. Results: The direction and degree of displacement among correction data of X-ray images and the data from MPR and SSD, actual design of specimen were little difference, location difference <1.5 mm, degree difference <1.5 degree. Conclusion: It is really reliable for fracture displacement by conventional X-ray photography with coordinate correction, and it is helpful to obviously improve the diagnostic accuracy of the degree of fracture displacement. (authors)

The evidence-based topical therapies for management of minor burns in outpatient clinic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Siphora Dien

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Burns are often seen in clinics or hospitals. Majority of burns are minor burns, which can be managed in outpatient setting with satisfactory result. The healing outcome depends on physician’s knowledge and competencies in burn pathogenesis and basic principles of burn care. Initial treatment of burns consists of emergency evaluation, assessment of depth and severity of burns and considerations for referral. The principles of minor wound therapy include cooling, cleansing, pain management, and topical therapy. Recently, many topical agents are available and indicated for first to second degree burn. Silver sulfadiazine (SSD is the standard treatment; however, it has some limitations. Scientific evidences showed that topical antibiotics do not reduce the incidence of local infection, invasive infection, and mortality of infection. Burns heal faster with hydrogel dressings and some other dressings compared to SSD. There are insufficient evidences to support the use of aloe vera, honey, and negative pressure wound therapy in burns. Moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO® has been demonstrated to have equal efficacy to SSD.

Three-Dimensional Simulations of Flat-Foil Laser-Imprint Experiments at the National Ignition Facility

Science.gov (United States)

Shvydky, A.; Radha, P. B.; Rosenberg, M. J.; Anderson, K. S.; Goncharov, V. N.; Marozas, J. A.; Marshall, F. J.; McKenty, P. W.; Regan, S. P.; Sangster, T. C.; Hohenberger, M.; di Nicola, J. M.; Koning, J. M.; Marinak, M. M.; Masse, L.; Karasik, M.

2017-10-01

Control of shell nonuniformities imprinted by the laser and amplified by hydrodynamic instabilities in the imploding target is critical for the success of direct-drive ignition at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). To measure a level of imprint and its reduction by the NIF smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD), we performed experiments that employed flat CH foils driven with a single NIF beam with either no SSD or the NIF indirect-drive SSD applied to the laser pulse. Face-on x-ray radiography was used to measure optical depth variations, from which the amplitudes of the foil areal-density modulations were obtained. Results of 3-D, radiation-hydrodynamic code HYDRA simulations of the growth of the imprint-seeded perturbations are presented and compared with the experimental data. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Award Number DE-NA0001944 and under the auspices of the Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, (LLNS) under Contract Number DE-AC52-07NA27344.

Establishment of the method of surface shaded display for brain PET imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Xiangsong; Tang Anwu; He Zuoxiang

2003-01-01

Objective: To establish the method of surface shaded display (SSD) for brain PET imaging. Methods: The original brain PET images volume data were transferred to the personal computer by the local area network, and scaled into 256 grayscale values between 0 and 255. An appropriate threshold could be selected with three differential methods: depended on the histogram or maximum percentage of the volume data and the opposite value percentage of the lesion. The list of vertices and triangles describing the contour surface was produced with a high resolution three dimensional (3D) surface construction algorithm. Results: The final software of SSD for brain PET imaging with interactive user interface can produce 3D brain PET images which can be rotated, scaled, and saved or outputted with several image formats. Conclusion: The method of SSD for brain PET imaging can directly and integrally reflect the surface of brain cortex, and be helpful to locate lesions and display the range of lesions, but can not reflect the severity of lesions, nor can display the structure under brain cortex

Improving ecological risk assessment by including bioavailability into species sensitivity distributions: An example for plants exposed to nickel in soil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Semenzin, Elena; Temminghoff, Erwin J.M.; Marcomini, Antonio

2007-01-01

The variability of species sensitivity distribution (SSD) due to contaminant bioavailability in soil was explored by using nickel as metal of concern. SSDs of toxicity test results of Avena sativa L. originating from different soils and expressed as total content and available (0.01 M CaCl 2 ) extractable concentration were compared to SSDs for terrestrial plants derived from literature toxicity data. Also the 'free' nickel (Ni 2+ ) concentration was calculated and compared. The results demonstrated that SSDs based on total nickel content highly depend on the experimental conditions set up for toxicity testing (i.e. selected soil and pH value) and thus on metal bioavailability in soil, resulting in an unacceptable uncertainty for ecological risk estimation. The use in SSDs of plant toxicity data expressed as 0.01 M CaCl 2 extractable metal strongly reduced the uncertainty in the SSD curve and thus can improve the ERA procedure remarkably by taking bioavailability into account. - The use of bioavailability toxicity data can improve species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curves and thus ecological risk assessment (ERA)

Skin dose estimation for various beam modifiers and source-to-surface distances for 6MV photons

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yadav Girigesh

2009-01-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to learn the skin dose estimation for various beam modifiers at various source-to-surface distances (SSDs for a 6 MV photon. Surface and buildup region doses were measured with an acrylic slab phantom and Markus 0.055 cc parallel plate (PP ionization chamber. Measurements were carried out for open fields, motorized wedge fields, acrylic block tray fields ranging from 3 x 3 cm 2 to 30 x 30 cm 2 . Twenty-five percent of the field was blocked with a cerrobend block and a Multileaf collimator (MLC. The effect of the blocks on the skin dose was measured for a 20 x 20 cm 2 field size, at 80 cm, 100 cm and 120 cm SSD. During the use of isocentric treatments, whereby the tumor is positioned at 100 cm from the source, depending on the depth of the tumor and size of the patient, the SSD can vary from 80 cm to 100 cm. To achieve a larger field size, the SSD can also be extended up to 120 cm at times. The skin dose increased as field size increased. The skin dose for the open 10 x10 cm 2 field was 15.5%, 14.8% and 15.5% at 80 cm, 100 cm and 120 cm SSDs, respectively. The skin dose due to a motorized 60 0 wedge for the 10 x 10 cm 2 field was 9.9%, 9.5%, and 9.5% at 80 cm, 100 cm and 120 cm SSDs. The skin dose due to acrylic block tray, of thickness 1.0 cm for a 10 x 10 cm 2 field was 27.0%, 17.2% and 16.1% at 80, 100 and 120 cm SSD respectively. Due to the use of an acrylic block tray, the surface dose was increased for all field sizes at the above three SSDs and the percentage skin dose was more dominant at the lower SSD and larger field size. The skin dose for a 30 x 30 cm 2 field size at 80 cm SSD was 38.3% and it was 70.4% for the open and acrylic block tray fields, respectively. The skin doses for motorized wedge fields were lower than for open fields. The effect of SSDs on the surface dose for motorized 60° wedge fields was not significant for a small field size (difference was less than 1% up to a 15 x 15 cm 2 field size

Effect of the use of silver nanocrystals and silver sulfadiazine in the management of soft tissue lesions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tineo C

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Cristian Tineo,1 Cinthia M Nuñez,2–4 Ouel Sosa,1,5 Dahiana Pichardo,1 Juan Luis Hernández,1 Gustavo Collado3 1Department of Surgery, José María Cabral y Báez Regional and University Hospital (HRUJMCB, 2Department of Surgery, Dr. Arturo Grullòn University and Childrens Hospital Burn Unit (HIRUDAG, 3Department of Surgery, Santiago Metropolitan Hospital (HOMS, 4Department of Medicine, Mother and Master Pontifical and Catholic University (PUCMM, 5Department of Medicine, Santiago Thechnological University (UTESA, Santiago, Dominican Republic Background: Soft tissue lesions represent a health problem of great magnitude around the world. Multiple drugs have been used in their treatment. Silver sulfadiazine (SSD and silver nanocrystals (SNC are among the most used. The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of SSD and SNC regarding the wound granulation rate, treatment time, antibiotic effect, and treatment cost and to determine the frequency of these lesions in participants of this research.Methods: Data were collected from 50 patients with soft tissue lesions in the Regional University Hospital José María Cabral y Báez (HRUJMCB, in Santiago, Dominican Republic. This study was approved by the bioethics committee of the Pontifical Catholic University Madre and Maestra (PUCMM and the HRUJMCB. Patients were followed up from August 2015 to February 2016. SPSS Statistics program was used to calculate Chi square and assess statistical significance.Results: Fifty patients were included in this study, of whom 56% had diabetic foot ulcers, 22% had vascular ulcers, and 22% had pressure ulcers. In total, 42% of the patients were treated with SSD and 58% with SNC. Granulation rate was 71.4% for SSD and 89.6% for SNC, and positive antibiotic effect was 15.9% for SSD and 25.9% for SNC. A total of 14.4% of patients treated with SSD ended their participation in the research between 8 and 14 days, 37.9% in 15–21 days, and 42.8% in �

A(f)rica : Relatos y memorias afrodescendientes en Arica tras la chilenización y el conflicto entre Perú y Chile (1883-1929)

OpenAIRE

Artal Vergara, Nathalie

2012-01-01

En el siguiente trabajo plantearemos un recorrido histórico de la presencia africana en Arica, Chile. Pondremos especial atención al periodo de chilenización del territorio, antes peruano, desde el Tratado de Ancón (1883). Este proceso de violencia, represión y exilio del pueblo peruano, se realiza en un tiempo y región en los que la mayoría de la población era afrodescendiente. Consideraremos entonces, el periodo de chilenización, llamado también plebiscitario, como un periodo de continuació...

Análisis de estabilidad para el rendimiento de híbridos de maíz (Zea mays en la Región Central del Litoral Ecuatoriano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Vera Aviles

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la estabilidad de híbridos experimentales y comerciales de maíz en la Región Central del Litoral Ecuatoriano. Durante el periodo de diciembre de 2010 a abril de 2011 se evaluaron ensayos uniformes de rendimiento en cuatro localidades con ambientes contrastantes. El material genético estuvo constituido por cinco híbridos experimentales y tres comerciales. El diseño experimental utilizado fue bloques completo al azar con cuatro repeticiones, las parcelas experimentales consistieron en dos surcos de 5,0 m de largo, separados a 0,90 m. El análisis de varianza combinado propuesto por Eberhart y Russell, se encontró significancia estadística tanto como para genotipo e interacción. El rendimiento promedio mostró que entre los híbridos experimentales se destacaron el (SM45 x SSD08SV39 y (SM45 x SV15SV39 con promedios superiores a la 7,0 t ha-1, mientras que el híbrido comercial que sobresalió fue el AG-003 con rendimiento de 7,48 t ha-1. Los mejores rendimientos y los mejores índices ambientales, se registraron para las localidades de Quevedo y Vinces, los índices ambientales más bajos fueron para Balzar y Ventanas. En relación a las tendencias de respuesta de genotipos sobresalientes en los cuatro ambientes de evaluación, particularmente se observó que los genotipos son deseables, en virtud de los resultados sobresalientes tanto en los ambientes favorables como en los desfavorables.

Symptoms of autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders in clinically referred youth with oppositional defiant disorder.

Science.gov (United States)

Gadow, Kenneth D; Drabick, Deborah A G

2012-01-01

Examined autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) symptoms in a clinically referred, non-ASD sample (N=1160; ages 6-18) with and without oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Mothers and teachers completed DSM-IV-referenced symptom checklists. Youth with ODD were subdivided into angry/irritable symptom (AIS) or noncompliant symptom (NS) subtypes. Two different classification strategies were used: within-informant (source-specific) and between-informant (source-exclusive). For the source-specific strategy, youth were classified AIS, NS, or Control (C) according to mothers' and teachers' ratings separately. A second set of analyses focused on youth classified AIS according to mother or teacher report but not both (source-exclusive) versus both mother and teacher (cross-informant) AIS. Results indicated the mother-defined source-specific AIS groups generally evidenced the most severe ASD and SSD symptoms (AIS>NS>C), but this was more pronounced among younger youth. Teacher-defined source-specific ODD groups exhibited comparable levels of symptom severity (AIS, NS>C) with the exception of SSD (AIS>NS>C; younger youth). Source-exclusive AIS groups were clearly differentiated from each other, but there was little evidence of differential symptom severity in cross-informant versus source-exclusive AIS. These findings were largely dependent on the informant used to define the source-exclusive groups. AIS and NS groups differed in their associations with ASD and SSD symptoms. Informant discrepancy provides valuable information that can inform nosological and clinical concerns and has important implications for studies that use different strategies to configure clinical phenotypes. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comparison of two silver dressings for wound management in pediatric burns.

Science.gov (United States)

Jester, Ingo; Bohn, Ingo; Hannmann, Thorsten; Waag, Karl-Ludwig; Loff, Steffan

2008-11-01

Purpose. Silver wound dressings are widely used in the treatment of burns. Dressings differ in material characteristics, various antimicrobial activities, and ease of use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate both dressing performance and amount of pain during the dressing changes of 2 silver dressings Urgotul SSD® (Laboratoires Urgo, Chenove, France), and Contreet Ag® (Coloplast, Minneapolis, MN) in children. A retrospective cohort study was performed with 2 groups of 20 burns treated with Urgotul SSD and Contreet Ag until the wounds were healed or grafted. Seventy dressing changes in the Contreet Ag group and 67 dressing changes in the Urgotul group were evaluated. Every dressing change was assessed regarding the dressing performance (exudate, adherence, bleeding, and dressing application/removal), and pain. Pain was "absent or slight" in 61 (92%) dressing changes with Urgotul SSD, and in 60 (85%) of the dressing changes with Contreet Ag. Dressing application in the Urgotul group was more often "very easy" (n = 33; 49%) or "easy" (n = 32; 48%) than in the Contreet Ag group, "very easy" (n = 25; 35%), and "easy" (n = 42; 60%). Contreet Ag had a greater ability to absorb exudate ("very good" n = 60; 85%, and "good" n = 11; 15%) than Urgotul SSD ("very good" n = 34; 51%, and "good" n = 13; 19%). Urgotul SSD and Contreet Ag are comparable regarding pain during dressing change. The dressings differ in their ability to absorb exudate and ease of application. Both dressings provided nearly painless wound management, and therefore were highly accepted by the nurses and especially the children being treated.

The influence of schizotypal traits on attention under high perceptual load.

Science.gov (United States)

Stotesbury, Hanne; Gaigg, Sebastian B; Kirhan, Saim; Haenschel, Corinna

2018-03-01

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) are known to be characterised by abnormalities in attentional processes, but there are inconsistencies in the literature that remain unresolved. This article considers whether perceptual resource limitations play a role in moderating attentional abnormalities in SSD. According to perceptual load theory, perceptual resource limitations can lead to attenuated or superior performance on dual-task paradigms depending on whether participants are required to process, or attempt to ignore, secondary stimuli. If SSD is associated with perceptual resource limitations, and if it represents the extreme end of an otherwise normally distributed neuropsychological phenotype, schizotypal traits in the general population should lead to disproportionate performance costs on dual-task paradigms as a function of the perceptual task demands. To test this prediction, schizotypal traits were quantified via the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) in 74 healthy volunteers, who also completed a dual-task signal detection paradigm that required participants to detect central and peripheral stimuli across conditions that varied in the overall number of stimuli presented. The results confirmed decreasing performance as the perceptual load of the task increased. More importantly, significant correlations between SPQ scores and task performance confirmed that increased schizotypal traits, particularly in the cognitive-perceptual domain, are associated with greater performance decrements under increasing perceptual load. These results confirm that attentional difficulties associated with SSD extend sub-clinically into the general population and suggest that cognitive-perceptual schizotypal traits may represent a risk factor for difficulties in the regulation of attention under increasing perceptual load.

Low-level hydrogen sulfide and central nervous system dysfunction.

Science.gov (United States)

Kilburn, Kaye H; Thrasher, Jack D; Gray, Michael R

2010-08-01

Forty-nine adults living in Lovington, Tatum, and Artesia, the sour gas/oil sector of Southeastern New Mexico, were tested for neurobehavioral impairment. Contributing hydrogen sulfide were (1) an anaerobic sewage plant; (2) two oil refineries; (3) natural gas/oil wells and (4) a cheese-manufacturing plant and its waste lagoons. Comparisons were to unexposed Wickenburg, Arizona, adults. Neurobehavioral functions were measured in 26 Lovington adults including 23 people from Tatum and Artesia, New Mexico, and 42 unexposed Arizona people. Participants completed questionnaires including chemical exposures, symptom frequencies and the Profile of Mood States. Measurements included balance, reaction time, color discrimination, blink reflex, visual fields, grip strength, hearing, vibration, problem solving, verbal recall, long-term memory, peg placement, trail making and fingertip number writing errors (FTNWE). Average numbers of abnormalities and test scores were adjusted for age, gender, educational level, height and weight, expressed as percent predicted (% pred) and compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Ages and educational attainment of the three groups were not statistically significantly different (ssd). Mean values of Lovington residents were ssd from the unexposed Arizona people for simple and choice reaction times, balance with eyes open and closed, visual field score, hearing and grip strength. Culture Fair, digit symbol substitution, vocabulary, verbal recall, peg placement, trail making A and B, FTNWE, information, picture completion and similarities were also ssd. The Lovington adults who averaged 11.8 abnormalities were ssd from, Tatum-Artesia adults who had 3.6 and from unexposed subjects with 2.0. Multiple source community hydrogen sulfide exposures impaired neurobehavioral functions.

Body Size, Fecundity, and Sexual Size Dimorphism in the Neotropical Cricket Macroanaxipha macilenta (Saussure) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae).

Science.gov (United States)

Cueva Del Castillo, R

2015-04-01

Body size is directly or indirectly correlated with fitness. Body size, which conveys maximal fitness, often differs between sexes. Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) evolves because body size tends to be related to reproductive success through different pathways in males and females. In general, female insects are larger than males, suggesting that natural selection for high female fecundity could be stronger than sexual selection in males. I assessed the role of body size and fecundity in SSD in the Neotropical cricket Macroanaxipha macilenta (Saussure). This species shows a SSD bias toward males. Females did not present a correlation between number of eggs and body size. Nonetheless, there were fluctuations in the number of eggs carried by females during the sampling period, and the size of females that were collected carrying eggs was larger than that of females collected with no eggs. Since mating induces vitellogenesis in some cricket species, differences in female body size might suggest male mate choice. Sexual selection in the body size of males of M. macilenta may possibly be stronger than the selection of female fecundity. Even so, no mating behavior was observed during the field observations, including audible male calling or courtship songs, yet males may produce ultrasonic calls due to their size. If female body size in M. macilenta is not directly related to fecundity, the lack of a correlated response to selection on female body size could represent an alternate evolutionary pathway in the evolution of body size and SSD in insects.

The influence of schizotypal traits on attention under high perceptual load

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hanne Stotesbury

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD are known to be characterised by abnormalities in attentional processes, but there are inconsistencies in the literature that remain unresolved. This article considers whether perceptual resource limitations play a role in moderating attentional abnormalities in SSD. According to perceptual load theory, perceptual resource limitations can lead to attenuated or superior performance on dual-task paradigms depending on whether participants are required to process, or attempt to ignore, secondary stimuli. If SSD is associated with perceptual resource limitations, and if it represents the extreme end of an otherwise normally distributed neuropsychological phenotype, schizotypal traits in the general population should lead to disproportionate performance costs on dual-task paradigms as a function of the perceptual task demands. To test this prediction, schizotypal traits were quantified via the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ in 74 healthy volunteers, who also completed a dual-task signal detection paradigm that required participants to detect central and peripheral stimuli across conditions that varied in the overall number of stimuli presented. The results confirmed decreasing performance as the perceptual load of the task increased. More importantly, significant correlations between SPQ scores and task performance confirmed that increased schizotypal traits, particularly in the cognitive-perceptual domain, are associated with greater performance decrements under increasing perceptual load. These results confirm that attentional difficulties associated with SSD extend sub-clinically into the general population and suggest that cognitive-perceptual schizotypal traits may represent a risk factor for difficulties in the regulation of attention under increasing perceptual load.

Manufacture of Daily Check Device and Efficiency Evaluation for Daily Q.A

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Chan Yong; Jae, Young Wan; Park, Heung Deuk; Lee, Jae Hee

2005-01-01

Daily Q.A is the important step which must be preceded in a radiation treatment. Specially, radiation output measurement and laser alignment, SSD indicator related to a patient set-up recurrence must be confirmed for a reasonable radiation treatment. Daily Q.A proceeds correctness and a prompt way, and needs an objective measurement basis. Manufacture of the device which can facilitate confirmation of output measurement and appliances check at one time was requested. Produced the phantom formal daily check device which can confirm a lot of appliances check (output measurement and laser alignment. field size, SSD indicator) with one time of set up at a time, and measurement observed a linear accelerator (4 machine) for four months and evaluated efficiency. We were able to confirm an laser alignment, field size, SSD indicator check at the same time, and out put measurement was possible with the same set up, so daily Q.A time was reduced, and we were able to confirm an objective basis about each item measurement. As a result of having measured for four months, output measurement within ±2%, and measured laser alignment, field size, SSD indicator in range within ±1 mm. We can enforce output measurement and appliances check conveniently, and time was reduced and was able to raise efficiency of business. We were able to bring a cost reduction by substitution expensive commercialized equipment. Further It is necessary to makes a product as strong and slight materials, and improve convenience of use.

Enzyme stabilization by glass-derived silicates in glass-exposed aqueous solutions

Science.gov (United States)

Ives, J.A.; Moffett, J.R.; Arun, P.; Lam, D.; Todorov, T.I.; Brothers, A.B.; Anick, D.J.; Centeno, J.; Namboodiri, M.A.A.; Jonas, W.B.

2010-01-01

Objectives: To analyze the solutes leaching from glass containers into aqueous solutions, and to show that these solutes have enzyme activity stabilizing effects in very dilute solutions. Methods: Enzyme assays with acetylcholine esterase were used to analyze serially succussed and diluted (SSD) solutions prepared in glass and plastic containers. Aqueous SSD preparations starting with various solutes, or water alone, were prepared under several conditions, and tested for their solute content and their ability to affect enzyme stability in dilute solution. Results: We confirm that water acts to dissolve constituents from glass vials, and show that the solutes derived from the glass have effects on enzymes in the resultant solutions. Enzyme assays demonstrated that enzyme stability in purified and deionized water was enhanced in SSD solutions that were prepared in glass containers, but not those prepared in plastic. The increased enzyme stability could be mimicked in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of silicates to the purified, deionized water that enzymes were dissolved in. Elemental analyses of SSD water preparations made in glass vials showed that boron, silicon, and sodium were present at micromolar concentrations. Conclusions: These results show that silicates and other solutes are present at micromolar levels in all glass-exposed solutions, whether pharmaceutical or homeopathic in nature. Even though silicates are known to have biological activity at higher concentrations, the silicate concentrations we measured in homeopathic preparations were too low to account for any purported in vivo efficacy, but could potentially influence in vitro biological assays reporting homeopathic effects. ?? 2009 The Faculty of Homeopathy.

Local synteny and codon usage contribute to asymmetric sequence divergence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene duplicates

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bergthorsson Ulfar

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Duplicated genes frequently experience asymmetric rates of sequence evolution. Relaxed selective constraints and positive selection have both been invoked to explain the observation that one paralog within a gene-duplicate pair exhibits an accelerated rate of sequence evolution. In the majority of studies where asymmetric divergence has been established, there is no indication as to which gene copy, ancestral or derived, is evolving more rapidly. In this study we investigated the effect of local synteny (gene-neighborhood conservation and codon usage on the sequence evolution of gene duplicates in the S. cerevisiae genome. We further distinguish the gene duplicates into those that originated from a whole-genome duplication (WGD event (ohnologs versus small-scale duplications (SSD to determine if there exist any differences in their patterns of sequence evolution. Results For SSD pairs, the derived copy evolves faster than the ancestral copy. However, there is no relationship between rate asymmetry and synteny conservation (ancestral-like versus derived-like in ohnologs. mRNA abundance and optimal codon usage as measured by the CAI is lower in the derived SSD copies relative to ancestral paralogs. Moreover, in the case of ohnologs, the faster-evolving copy has lower CAI and lowered expression. Conclusions Together, these results suggest that relaxation of selection for codon usage and gene expression contribute to rate asymmetry in the evolution of duplicated genes and that in SSD pairs, the relaxation of selection stems from the loss of ancestral regulatory information in the derived copy.

Leading practice water monitoring in northern Australia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bush, M.; Turner, K.

2010-01-01

Ranger Uranium Mine is undergoing an environmental impact statement assessment process to develop a Heap Leach facility to treat low grade ore on site. The facility is proposed to be located in the relatively unimpacted Gulungul catchment within the Ranger Project Area which itself is surrounded by, but excluded from, the World Heritage listed Kakadu National Park. The Supervising Scientist Division (SSD) acts to ensure the downstream environment is protected from mine-related impacts. To achieve this SSD will develop a leading practice monitoring program for Gulungul Creek to monitor potential impacts to this catchment from the Heap Leach facility. (author)

Efficiency of broadband terahertz rectennas based on self-switching nanodiodes

Science.gov (United States)

Briones, Edgar; Cortes-Mestizo, Irving E.; Briones, Joel; Droopad, Ravindranath; Espinosa-Vega, Leticia I.; Vilchis, Heber; Mendez-Garcia, Victor H.

2017-04-01

The authors investigate the efficiency of a series of broadband rectennas designed to harvest the free-propagating electromagnetic energy at terahertz frequencies. We analyze by simulations the case of self-complementary square- and Archimedean-spiral antennas coupled to L-shaped self-switching diodes (L-SSDs). First, the geometry (i.e., the width and length of the channel) of the L-SSD was optimized to obtain a remarkable diode-like I-V response. Subsequently, the optimized L-SSD geometry was coupled to both types of spiral antennas and their characteristic impedance was studied. Finally, the energy conversion efficiency was evaluated for both rectenna architectures.

Modelos de optimización matemática para el sistema de soporte de decisiones en el planeamiento a largo plazo en una mina a tajo abierto

OpenAIRE

Solis Vargas, Edgard Gustavo; Solis Vargas, Edgard Gustavo

2000-01-01

Se ha desarrollado un Sistema para el Soporte de Decisiones (SSD), en una empresa minera a tajo abierto, orientado a apoyar en la creación de los planes de producción e inversión a largo plazo, dicho SSD está compuesto por un subsistema de modelos, usados para generar los planes de producción e inversión, un subsistema de información para las operaciones transaccionales de la empresa y una interface de usuario final para el ingreso de parámetros, manejo del modelo y presentación de resultados...

SU-D-213-02: Characterization of the Effect of a New Commercial Transmission Detector On Radiotherapy Beams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheung, J; Morin, O

2015-01-01

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of a new commercial transmission detector on radiotherapy beams of various energies. Methods: A transmission detector designed for online treatment monitoring was characterized on a TrueBeam STx linear accelerator with 6MV, 6FFF, 10MV, and 10FFF beams. Measurements of beam characteristics including percentage depth doses (PDDs), inplane and crossplane off-axis profiles at different depths, transmission factors, and skin dose were acquired at field sizes of 3×3cm, 5×5m, 10×10cm, and 20×20cm at 100cm and 80cm source-to-surface distance (SSD). All measurements were taken with and without the transmission detector in the path of the beam. A CC04 chamber was used for all profile and transmission factor measurements. Skin dose was assessed at 100cm, 90cm, and 80cm SSD and using a variety of detectors (Roos and Markus parallel-plate chambers, and OSLD). Results: The PDDs showed small differences between the unperturbed and perturbed beams for both 100cm and 80cm SSD (≤4mm dmax difference and <1.2% average profile difference). The differences were larger for the flattened beams and at larger field sizes. The off-axis profiles showed similar trends. The penumbras looked similar with and without the transmission detector. Comparisons in the central 80% of the profile showed a maximum average (maximum) profile difference between all field sizes of 0.756% (1.535%) and 0.739% (3.682%) for 100cm and 80cm SSD, respectively. The average measured skin dose at 100cm (80cm) SSD for 10×10cm field size was <4% (<35%) dose increase for all energies. For 20×20cm field size, this value increased to <10% (≤45%). Conclusion: The transmission detector has minimal effect on the clinically relevant radiotherapy beams for IMRT and VMAT (field sizes 10×10cm and less). For larger field sizes, some perturbations are observable which would need to be assessed for clinical impact. The authors of this publication has research support from IBA Dosimetry

Near surface mechanical properties of optical single crystals and surface response to deterministic microgrinding

Science.gov (United States)

Randi, Joseph A., III

2005-12-01

This thesis makes use of microindentation, nanoindentation and nanoscratching methods to better understand the mechanical properties of single crystalline silicon, calcium fluoride, and magnesium fluoride. These properties are measured and are used to predict the material's response to material removal, specifically by grinding and polishing, which is a combination of elastic, plastic and fracture processes. The hardness anisotropy during Knoop microindentation, hardness from nanoindentation, and scratch morphology from nanoscratching are reported. This information is related to the surface microroughness from grinding. We show that mechanical property relationships that predict the surface roughness from lapping and deterministic microgrinding of optical glasses are applicable to single crystals. We show the range of hardness from some of the more common crystallographic faces. Magnesium fluoride, having a tetragonal structure, has 2-fold hardness anisotropy. Nanoindentation, as expected provides higher hardness than microindentation, but anisotropy is not observed. Nanoscratching provides the scratch profile during loading, after the load has been removed, and the coefficient of friction during the loading. Ductile and brittle mode scratching is present with brittle mode cracking being orientation specific. Subsurface damage (SSD) measurements are made using a novel process known as the MRF technique. Magnetorheological finishing is used to polish spots into the ground surface where SSD can be viewed. SSD is measured using an optical microscope and knowledge of the spot profile. This technique is calibrated with a previous technique and implemented to accurately measure SSD in single crystals. The data collected are compared to the surface microroughness of the ground surface, resulting in an upper bound relationship. The results indicate that SSD is always less than 1.4 times the peak-to-valley surface microroughness for single crystals regardless of the

A European Research Agenda for Somatic Symptom Disorders, Bodily Distress Disorders, and Functional Disorders: Results of an Estimate-Talk-Estimate Delphi Expert Study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christina M. van der Feltz-Cornelis

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Background: Somatic Symptom Disorders (SSD, Bodily Distress Disorders (BDD and functional disorders (FD are associated with high medical and societal costs and pose a substantial challenge to the population and health policy of Europe. To meet this challenge, a specific research agenda is needed as one of the cornerstones of sustainable mental health research and health policy for SSD, BDD, and FD in Europe.Aim: To identify the main challenges and research priorities concerning SSD, BDD, and FD from a European perspective.Methods: Delphi study conducted from July 2016 until October 2017 in 3 rounds with 3 workshop meetings and 3 online surveys, involving 75 experts and 21 European countries. EURONET-SOMA and the European Association of Psychosomatic Medicine (EAPM hosted the meetings.Results: Eight research priorities were identified: (1 Assessment of diagnostic profiles relevant to course and treatment outcome. (2 Development and evaluation of new, effective interventions. (3 Validation studies on questionnaires or semi-structured interviews that assess chronic medical conditions in this context. (4 Research into patients preferences for diagnosis and treatment. (5 Development of new methodologic designs to identify and explore mediators and moderators of clinical course and treatment outcomes (6. Translational research exploring how psychological and somatic symptoms develop from somatic conditions and biological and behavioral pathogenic factors. (7 Development of new, effective interventions to personalize treatment. (8 Implementation studies of treatment interventions in different settings, such as primary care, occupational care, general hospital and specialty mental health settings. The general public and policymakers will benefit from the development of new, effective, personalized interventions for SSD, BDD, and FD, that will be enhanced by translational research, as well as from the outcomes of research into patient involvement, GP

SU-D-213-02: Characterization of the Effect of a New Commercial Transmission Detector On Radiotherapy Beams

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cheung, J; Morin, O [University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (United States)

2015-06-15

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of a new commercial transmission detector on radiotherapy beams of various energies. Methods: A transmission detector designed for online treatment monitoring was characterized on a TrueBeam STx linear accelerator with 6MV, 6FFF, 10MV, and 10FFF beams. Measurements of beam characteristics including percentage depth doses (PDDs), inplane and crossplane off-axis profiles at different depths, transmission factors, and skin dose were acquired at field sizes of 3×3cm, 5×5m, 10×10cm, and 20×20cm at 100cm and 80cm source-to-surface distance (SSD). All measurements were taken with and without the transmission detector in the path of the beam. A CC04 chamber was used for all profile and transmission factor measurements. Skin dose was assessed at 100cm, 90cm, and 80cm SSD and using a variety of detectors (Roos and Markus parallel-plate chambers, and OSLD). Results: The PDDs showed small differences between the unperturbed and perturbed beams for both 100cm and 80cm SSD (≤4mm dmax difference and <1.2% average profile difference). The differences were larger for the flattened beams and at larger field sizes. The off-axis profiles showed similar trends. The penumbras looked similar with and without the transmission detector. Comparisons in the central 80% of the profile showed a maximum average (maximum) profile difference between all field sizes of 0.756% (1.535%) and 0.739% (3.682%) for 100cm and 80cm SSD, respectively. The average measured skin dose at 100cm (80cm) SSD for 10×10cm field size was <4% (<35%) dose increase for all energies. For 20×20cm field size, this value increased to <10% (≤45%). Conclusion: The transmission detector has minimal effect on the clinically relevant radiotherapy beams for IMRT and VMAT (field sizes 10×10cm and less). For larger field sizes, some perturbations are observable which would need to be assessed for clinical impact. The authors of this publication has research support from IBA Dosimetry.

Efficacy of Hi-Lo Evac Endotracheal Tube in Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Mechanically Ventilated Poisoned Patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Ghoochani Khorasani, Ahmad; Shadnia, Shahin; Mashayekhian, Mohammad; Rahimi, Mitra; Aghabiklooei, Abbas

2016-01-01

Background. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common health care-associated infection. To prevent this complication, aspiration of subglottic secretions using Hi-Lo Evac endotracheal tube (Evac ETT) is a recommended intervention. However, there are some reports on Evac ETT dysfunction. We aimed to compare the incidence of VAP (per ventilated patients) in severely ill poisoned patients who were intubated using Evac ETT versus conventional endotracheal tubes (C-ETT) in our toxicology ICU. Materials and Methods. In this clinical randomized trial, 91 eligible patients with an expected duration of mechanical ventilation of more than 48 hours were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups: (1) subglottic secretion drainage (SSD) group who were intubated by Evac ETT (n = 43) and (2) control group who were intubated by C-ETT (n = 48). Results. Of the 91 eligible patients, 56 (61.5%) were male. VAP was detected in 24 of 43 (55.8%) patients in the case group and 23 of 48 (47.9%) patients in the control group (P = 0.45). The most frequently isolated microorganisms were S. aureus (54.10%) and Acinetobacter spp. (19.68%). The incidence of VAP and ICU length of stay were not significantly different between the two groups, but duration of intubation was statistically different and was longer in the SSD group. Mortality rate was less in SSD group but without a significant difference (P = 0.68). Conclusion. The SSD procedure was performed intermittently with one-hour intervals using 10 mL syringe. Subglottic secretion drainage does not significantly reduce the incidence of VAP in patients receiving MV. This strategy appears to be ineffective in preventing VAP among ICU patients.

Efficacy of Hi-Lo Evac Endotracheal Tube in Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Mechanically Ventilated Poisoned Patients

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ahmad Ghoochani Khorasani

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Background. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP is the most common health care-associated infection. To prevent this complication, aspiration of subglottic secretions using Hi-Lo Evac endotracheal tube (Evac ETT is a recommended intervention. However, there are some reports on Evac ETT dysfunction. We aimed to compare the incidence of VAP (per ventilated patients in severely ill poisoned patients who were intubated using Evac ETT versus conventional endotracheal tubes (C-ETT in our toxicology ICU. Materials and Methods. In this clinical randomized trial, 91 eligible patients with an expected duration of mechanical ventilation of more than 48 hours were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups: (1 subglottic secretion drainage (SSD group who were intubated by Evac ETT (n=43 and (2 control group who were intubated by C-ETT (n=48. Results. Of the 91 eligible patients, 56 (61.5% were male. VAP was detected in 24 of 43 (55.8% patients in the case group and 23 of 48 (47.9% patients in the control group (P=0.45. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were S. aureus (54.10% and Acinetobacter spp. (19.68%. The incidence of VAP and ICU length of stay were not significantly different between the two groups, but duration of intubation was statistically different and was longer in the SSD group. Mortality rate was less in SSD group but without a significant difference (P=0.68. Conclusion. The SSD procedure was performed intermittently with one-hour intervals using 10 mL syringe. Subglottic secretion drainage does not significantly reduce the incidence of VAP in patients receiving MV. This strategy appears to be ineffective in preventing VAP among ICU patients.

"When he's around his brothers … he's not so quiet": the private and public worlds of school-aged children with speech sound disorder.

Science.gov (United States)

McLeod, Sharynne; Daniel, Graham; Barr, Jacqueline

2013-01-01

Children interact with people in context: including home, school, and in the community. Understanding children's relationships within context is important for supporting children's development. Using child-friendly methodologies, the purpose of this research was to understand the lives of children with speech sound disorder (SSD) in context. Thirty-four interviews were undertaken with six school-aged children identified with SSD, and their siblings, friends, parents, grandparents, and teachers. Interview transcripts, questionnaires, and children's drawings were analyzed to reveal that these children experienced the world in context dependent ways (private vs. public worlds). Family and close friends typically provided a safe, supportive environment where children could be themselves and participate in typical childhoods. In contrast, when out of these familiar contexts, the children often were frustrated, embarrassed, and withdrawn, their relationships changed, and they were unable to get their message across in public contexts. Speech-language pathology assessment and intervention could be enhanced by interweaving the valuable insights of children, siblings, friends, parents, teachers, and other adults within children's worlds to more effectively support these children in context. 1. Recognize that children with SSD experience the world in different ways, depending on whether they are in private or public contexts. 2. Describe the changes in the roles of family and friends when children with SSD are in public contexts. 3. Discover the position of the child as central in Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model. 4. Identify principles of child-friendly research. 5. Recognize the importance of considering the child in context during speech-language pathology assessment and intervention. Crown Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effect of Malva sylvestris cream on burn injury and wounds in rats

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ebrahim Nasiri

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Objectives: Burn injury is one of the most health-threatening problems in the world. Malva sylvestris (M. sylvestris flowershave a high mucilage content and are used as a remedy for cut wound and dermal infected wounds in Iranian folklore Medicine. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of M. sylvestris cream on the second degree burn injury in rats. Materials and Methods: Five groups of 10 rats per group were burned with hot metal plate. Animals were administrated divided as control, normal saline, standard silver sulfadiazine 1% (SSD, 5% M. sylvestris, and 10% M. sylvestris into separate groups. Wound area, percentage of wound contraction, and histological and bacteriological assessments were evaluated. Results: Wound sizes were not significantly different among groups on 1st and 3rd days after burn injury, while they were significantly different among groups after 7th day post-burn injury. The average areas of wounds on the 15th day were 7.5±2.9, 6.7±2, 10.5±1.6, 4.7±2, and 4.5±2 cm2 for base cream, normal saline, SSD, 5% M. sylvestris, and 10% M. sylvestris, respectively. The results of histology exhibited well-formed horizontally-oriented collagen fibers in MS topical treatment groups. Microorganisms existed in the SSD group were most probably Staphilococcus epidermitis and for NS group were staphylococcus saprophiteccus. Conclusion: M. sylvestris cream improved histological changes of tissue components in the process of healing when compared with SSD cream. Therefore, it can be used as a topical treatment agent for burn wound.

Effects of internal and external scatter on the build-up characteristics of Monte Carlo calculated absorbed dose for electron irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin, H.; Wu, DS.; Wu, AD.

2005-01-01

The effects of internal and external scatter on surface, build-up and depth dose characteristics simulated by Monte Carlo code EGSnrc for varying field size and SSD for a 10 MeV monoenergetic electron beam with and without an accelerator model are extensively studied in this paper. In particular, sub-millimetre surface PDD was investigated. The percentage depth doses affected significantly by the external scatter show a larger build-up dose. A forward shifted Dmax depth and a sharper fall-off region compared to PDDs with only internal scatter considered. The surface dose with both internal and external scatter shows a marked decrease at 110 cm SSD, and then slight further changes with the increasing SSD since few external scattered particles from accelerator model can reach the phantom for large SSDs. The sharp PDD increase for the 5 cm x 5 cm field compared to other fields seen when only internal scatter is considered is significantly less when external scatter is also present. The effect of external scatter on surface PDD is more pronounced for large fields than small fields (5 cm x 5 cm field)

Two Phase Non-Rigid Multi-Modal Image Registration Using Weber Local Descriptor-Based Similarity Metrics and Normalized Mutual Information

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Feng Yang

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Non-rigid multi-modal image registration plays an important role in medical image processing and analysis. Existing image registration methods based on similarity metrics such as mutual information (MI and sum of squared differences (SSD cannot achieve either high registration accuracy or high registration efficiency. To address this problem, we propose a novel two phase non-rigid multi-modal image registration method by combining Weber local descriptor (WLD based similarity metrics with the normalized mutual information (NMI using the diffeomorphic free-form deformation (FFD model. The first phase aims at recovering the large deformation component using the WLD based non-local SSD (wldNSSD or weighted structural similarity (wldWSSIM. Based on the output of the former phase, the second phase is focused on getting accurate transformation parameters related to the small deformation using the NMI. Extensive experiments on T1, T2 and PD weighted MR images demonstrate that the proposed wldNSSD-NMI or wldWSSIM-NMI method outperforms the registration methods based on the NMI, the conditional mutual information (CMI, the SSD on entropy images (ESSD and the ESSD-NMI in terms of registration accuracy and computation efficiency.

Determination of the soil hazardous concentrations of bisphenol A using the species sensitivity approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Kwak, Jin Il; Moon, Jongmin; Kim, Dokyung; Cui, Rongxue; An, Youn-Joo

2018-02-15

This study describes the determination of the species sensitivity distribution (SSD)-based soil hazardous contamination of bisphenol A for environmental risk assessment. We conducted a battery of bioassays, including acute assays using eight species from six different taxonomic groups and chronic assays using five species from four different taxonomic groups. We determined that our dataset satisfied Australia & New Zealand's guidelines for applying the SSD methodology. Finally, the chronic soil HC 5 and HC 50 values for bisphenol A were estimated to be 13.7 and 74.7mg/kg soil, respectively, for soil ecosystem protection against chronic exposure using the data generated from this and previous studies. Because the soil standard values of bisphenol A for protection of the soil ecosystem are not currently available, the HC values of bisphenol A that we suggested based on the SSD approach would be applied as fundamental data to establish soil standards of bisphenol A for soil ecosystem protection. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the soil hazardous concentration of bisphenol A for environmental risk assessment. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Spacecraft contamination programs within the Air Force Systems Command Laboratories

Science.gov (United States)

Murad, Edmond

1990-01-01

Spacecraft contamination programs exist in five independent AFSC organizations: Geophysics Laboratory (GL), Arnold Engineering and Development Center (AEDC), Rome Air Development Center (RADC/OSCE), Wright Research and Development Center (MLBT), Armament Laboratory (ATL/SAI), and Space Systems Division (SSD/OL-AW). In addition, a sizable program exists at Aerospace Corp. These programs are complementary, each effort addressing a specific area of expertise: GL's effort is aimed at addressing the effects of on-orbit contamination; AEDC's effort is aimed at ground simulation and measurement of optical contamination; RADC's effort addresses the accumulation, measurement, and removal of contamination on large optics; MLBT's effort is aimed at understanding the effect of contamination on materials; ATL's effort is aimed at understanding the effect of plume contamination on systems; SSD's effort is confined to the integration of some contamination experiments sponsored by SSD/CLT; and Aerospace Corp.'s effort is aimed at supporting the needs of the using System Program Offices (SPO) in specific areas, such as contamination during ground handling, ascent phase, laboratory measurements aimed at understanding on-orbit contamination, and mass loss and mass gain in on-orbit operations. These programs are described in some detail, with emphasis on GL's program.

New electronics for the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kleifges, M., E-mail: Matthias.Kleifges@kit.edu [Karlsruhe Institute of Technology – Institute for Data Processing and Electronics, Karlsruhe (Germany)

2016-07-11

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the largest installation worldwide for the investigation of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. Air showers are detected using a hybrid technique with 27 fluorescence telescopes and 1660 water-Cherenkov detectors (WCD) distributed over about 3000 km{sup 2}. The Auger Collaboration has decided to upgrade the electronics of the WCD and complement the surface detector with scintillators (SSD). The objective is to improve the separation between the muonic and the electron/photon shower component for better mass composition determination during an extended operation period of 8–10 years. The surface detector electronics records data locally and generates time stamps based on the GPS timing. The performance of the detectors is significantly improved with a higher sampling rate, an increased dynamic range, new generation of GPS receivers, and FPGA integrated CPU power. The number of analog channels will be increased to integrate the new SSD, but the power consumption needs to stay below 10 W to be able to use the existing photovoltaic system. In this paper, the concept of the additional SSD is presented with a focus on the design and performance of the new surface detector electronics.

Evaluating the importance of mean stone density and skin-to-stone distance in predicting successful shock wave lithotripsy of renal and ureteric calculi.

Science.gov (United States)

Wiesenthal, Joshua D; Ghiculete, Daniela; D'A Honey, R John; Pace, Kenneth T

2010-08-01

Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is considered the first line treatment for the majority of patients with renal and ureteric calculi, with success rates from contemporary series varying from 60 to 90%. Success is dependent on many patient and stone-related factors. We conducted a retrospective analysis of mean stone CT density (MSD) and skin-to-stone distance (SSD) to determine their influence on the success of SWL of renal and ureteric calculi. Data from all patients treated at the St. Michael's Hospital Lithotripsy Unit from May 2004 to June 2009 were reviewed. Analysis was restricted to those patients with a pre-treatment non-contrast CT scan conducted at our center demonstrating a solitary renal or ureteric calculus 900 HU (OR = 0.49, CI: 0.32-0.75) and SSD >110 mm (OR = 0.49, CI: 0.31-0.78) were both significant predictors of outcome. We have identified in a large series of renal and ureteric calculi that both MSD and SSD can reliably predict SWL outcomes. This data can be used in combination with other patient and stone-related factors to facilitate optimal treatment-based decisions and provide patients with more accurate single-treatment success rates for SWL.

Clusters of Insomnia Disorder: An Exploratory Cluster Analysis of Objective Sleep Parameters Reveals Differences in Neurocognitive Functioning, Quantitative EEG, and Heart Rate Variability.

Science.gov (United States)

Miller, Christopher B; Bartlett, Delwyn J; Mullins, Anna E; Dodds, Kirsty L; Gordon, Christopher J; Kyle, Simon D; Kim, Jong Won; D'Rozario, Angela L; Lee, Rico S C; Comas, Maria; Marshall, Nathaniel S; Yee, Brendon J; Espie, Colin A; Grunstein, Ronald R

2016-11-01

To empirically derive and evaluate potential clusters of Insomnia Disorder through cluster analysis from polysomnography (PSG). We hypothesized that clusters would differ on neurocognitive performance, sleep-onset measures of quantitative ( q )-EEG and heart rate variability (HRV). Research volunteers with Insomnia Disorder (DSM-5) completed a neurocognitive assessment and overnight PSG measures of total sleep time (TST), wake time after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep onset latency (SOL) were used to determine clusters. From 96 volunteers with Insomnia Disorder, cluster analysis derived at least two clusters from objective sleep parameters: Insomnia with normal objective sleep duration (I-NSD: n = 53) and Insomnia with short sleep duration (I-SSD: n = 43). At sleep onset, differences in HRV between I-NSD and I-SSD clusters suggest attenuated parasympathetic activity in I-SSD (P insomnia clusters derived from cluster analysis differ in sleep onset HRV. Preliminary data suggest evidence for three clusters in insomnia with differences for sustained attention and sleep-onset q -EEG. Insomnia 100 sleep study: Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) identification number 12612000049875. URL: https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=347742. © 2016 Associated Professional Sleep Societies, LLC.

Surfactant therapy for maternal blood aspiration: an unusual cause of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Celik, Istemi Han; Demirel, Gamze; Canpolat, Fuat Emre; Erdeve, Omer; Dilmen, Ugur

2012-10-01

Surfactant replacement therapy is the main treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. However, surfactant therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of other diseases causing neonatal respiratory diseases such as pulmonary hemorrhage, meconium aspiration syndrome, pneumonia/sepsis, pulmonary edema or acute lung injury resulting a secondary surfactant deficiency (SSD). Rarely, as like as in the present patient, exogenous blood aspiration such as breast milk or formula aspiration may lead to SSD. Blood in alveolus leads to a significant biochemical and functional disturbance of the surfactant system and inhibits surfactant production. Here, the authors report a preterm infant of 33 wk gestational age with secondary surfactant deficiency due to maternal blood aspiration because of abruptio placentae. She was received two courses of beractant, a natural bovine surfactant, therapy in 24 h. She was extubated on second day and did not require oxygen on 4(th) day. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of SSD due to maternal blood aspiration treated with surfactant. In conditions such as abruptio placentae, infant should be protected from blood aspiration and if respiratory distress occurs, surfactant inhibition and need for surfactant administration should be considered.

Lexical and phonological variability in preschool children with speech sound disorder.

Science.gov (United States)

Macrae, Toby; Tyler, Ann A; Lewis, Kerry E

2014-02-01

The authors of this study examined relationships between measures of word and speech error variability and between these and other speech and language measures in preschool children with speech sound disorder (SSD). In this correlational study, 18 preschool children with SSD, age-appropriate receptive vocabulary, and normal oral motor functioning and hearing were assessed across 2 sessions. Experimental measures included word and speech error variability, receptive vocabulary, nonword repetition (NWR), and expressive language. Pearson product–moment correlation coefficients were calculated among the experimental measures. The correlation between word and speech error variability was slight and nonsignificant. The correlation between word variability and receptive vocabulary was moderate and negative, although nonsignificant. High word variability was associated with small receptive vocabularies. The correlations between speech error variability and NWR and between speech error variability and the mean length of children's utterances were moderate and negative, although both were nonsignificant. High speech error variability was associated with poor NWR and language scores. High word variability may reflect unstable lexical representations, whereas high speech error variability may reflect indistinct phonological representations. Preschool children with SSD who show abnormally high levels of different types of speech variability may require slightly different approaches to intervention.

The quality of life of hematological malignancy patients with major depressive disorder or subsyndromal depression.

Science.gov (United States)

Rezaei, Omid; Sharifian, Ramezan-Ali; Soleimani, Mehdi; Jahanian, Amirabbas

2012-01-01

The purpose of the present study was to compare the quality of life of hematological malignancy patients with major depressive disorder or subsyndromal depression. Sample consisted of 93 hematological malignancy patients recruited from oncology ward of Valieasr hospital for Imam Khomeini complex hospital at Tehran through purposeful sampling. Participants were divided into three groups through diagnostic interview based on DSM-IV-TR criteria and the Beck Depression Inventory-2 (BDI-II): Major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 41; 44.1%); subsyndromal depression (SSD) (n = 23; 24.7%), and without depression (WD) (n = 29; 31.2%). Participants completed the short-form health survey (SF-36) as a measure of the quality of life. We carried out an analysis of covariance to examine the collected data. Findings showed that there was not a significant difference between patients with MDD and SSD based on measure of quality of life. But patients with MDD and SSD showed significantly worse quality of life than patients with WD. This finding highlights the clinical importance of subsyndromal depressive symptoms and casts doubt on the clinical utility of separation between MDD and subsyndromal depression in terms of important clinical outcomes.

The healing effect of combined hydroalcoholic extract of Teocurium polium and the seed hull of Quercus brantii on burn wounds in rats

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohammadi Jamshid

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Plants and their extracts have considerable potential for wound healing. So, The aim of this study was to evaluate the wound healing effect of combined hydroalcoholic extract of Teocurium Polium (TP and the seed hull of Quercus brantii (Persian oak (QB and comparing with silver sulfadiazine (SSD ointment (1% in rats. Animals were divided into six groups consist of normal (untreated, physiologic serum, TP, seed hulls of Quercus brantii (QB, combination of TP and QB and the other group was SSD. Burn area size, epidermal and dermal diameter, number of hair follicle, histopathology of the burn skin and concentration of plasma malondialdehide (MDA were determined in different groups. Animals treated with QB and TP, SSD and combination of two extracts (QB +TP showed a significant reduction in the burn area. Serum MDA decreased significantly in animals treated with QB, TP and QB+TP. Histological comparison has shown that TP, QB and combination of them significantly increased reepithelialization in burn wounds, as compared to normal group. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that topical application of TP and QB has a significant effect on the burn wound healing.

Sex selection through traditional drugs in rural north India

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bandyopadhyay S

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Background : Repidly declining sex ratio has highlighted a strong son preference among many societies various methods are employed by people to get a son. Objective: To determine the use pattern of sex selection drugs (SSDs in rural North India. Methods: An integrated qualitative and quantitative study was conducted in rural North India. A rapid population and hospital based survey of women in their early reproductive life was done in the study area to enlist the respondents. Few SSD samples were collected and analyzed. Results: SSDs were freely available from grocers, chemist shops and specific people in villages. These contained Shivalingi (Bryonia Laciniosa and Majuphal (Gtuercus infectoria. SSD use rate was 46% and 30% in community based and hospital based studies respectively. Use rate was significantly higher in women who did not have any son. Of the SSD samples and two individual ingredients analyzed by thin layer chromatography, 3 contained testosterone and one progesterone; one ingredient contained testosterone and the other natural steroids. Conclusion: Use of SSDs seems to be very common in North India. Implication of presence of steroids in SSDs needs further evaluation.

Experimental investigation of smoothing by spectral dispersion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Regan, Sean P.; Marozas, John A.; Kelly, John H.; Boehly, Thomas R.; Donaldson, William R.; Jaanimagi, Paul A.; Keck, Robert L.; Kessler, Terrance J.; Meyerhofer, David D.; Seka, Wolf

2000-01-01

Measurements of smoothing rates for smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD) of high-power, solid-state laser beams used for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research are reported. Smoothing rates were obtained from the intensity distributions of equivalent target plane images for laser pulses of varying duration. Simulations of the experimental data with the known properties of the phase plates and the frequency modulators are in good agreement with the experimental data. These results inspire confidence in extrapolating to higher bandwidths and other SSD configurations that may be suitable for ICF experiments and ultimately for direct-drive laser-fusion ignition. (c) 2000 Optical Society of America

Fiber-coupled Al₂O₃:C radioluminescence dosimetry for total body irradiations

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Buranurak, Siritorn; Andersen, Claus E.

2016-01-01

in the context of Total Body Irradiations (TBIs) where patients are treated with large fields of 6 or 18 MV photons at an extended source-to-surface distance (SSD). The study shows that Al2O3:C dosimetry using the saturated-RL protocol may be suitable for real-time in vivo dosimetry during TBI treatments from...... the perspective of the good agreement with alanine dosimetry and other critical phantom tests, including the ability to cope with the large stem signal experienced during TBI treatments at extended SSD. In contrast, the chromatic stem removal technique often used for organic plastic scintillators did not work...

WAKONYOUSAI. Con corazón japonés, al estilo occidental. Objetualidad en el espacio doméstico japonés en el periodo 1850-1880: aprendiendo a convivir con la silla

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nadia Vasileva

2015-12-01

Full Text Available El periodo más drástico en el desarrollo del espacio doméstico japonés es el designado con el término wakonyousai –literalmente, con corazón japonés/al estilo occidental– y abarca el final del período Edo y el principio del Meiji. Iniciada con la reforma de estado, la implementación de estructuras espaciales occidentales, doctrinas políticas y sociales, así como nuevas prácticas en la vida diaria, se convierte durante la era siguiente en un arma ideológica para crear un nuevo “moderno Japón”. En lo doméstico, la clave de la “modernización” reside en cambiar, no simplemente un conjunto de artefactos, sino un sistema de comporta-miento –fenómeno denominado wayō setchū–, a través de fusionar dos formas de vida: hecho que conlleva una multiplicidad de prácticas espaciales y corporales, una división conceptual de los espacios y un desdoblamiento de la identidad del hábitat (TEASLEY, 2001. Dentro del nuevo sistema de objetos que colonizan el espacio doméstico de forma repentina, la protagonista indiscutible es la silla, cuya introducción desencadena, entre otros, un cambio en los hábitos corporales, en el plano visual del usuario, en la percepción sensitiva y afectiva del sistema de objetos, así como en el protagonismo del mueble en la configuración del espacio.

Comportamiento del cáncer gástrico en pacientes de la EPS-s provincia de García Rovira (Santander, en el periodo 2007-2014 / Gastric Cancer Behavior in EPS-s (Health Insurance Company in The Province of García Rovira (Santander, during the 2007 – 2014 Period / Comportamento do câncer gástrico nos pacientes da EPS-s da província de Garcia Rovira (Santander no periodo de 2007-2014

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diana Mireya Cuadros- Picón, MD.

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción: El cáncer gástrico es en Colombia y Santander, la primera causa de muerte por tumores malignos, a pesar de no ser la primera neoplasia en frecuencia. Objetivo: Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el cáncer gástrico es un problema de salud pública y en nuestro medio no existen estudios analíticos que permitan caracterizar esta población; lo que se propone es una investigación en la cual se caracterice el comportamiento en la población con cáncer gástrico en la provincia de García Rovira, Santander, en el periodo 2007-2014. Metodología: Estudio analítico con 57 historias clínicas revisadas de pacientes de una empresa promotora de salud del régimen subsidiado (EPS-s con diagnóstico de cáncer gástrico confirmado por histopatología. Las variables consideradas fueron: sexo, edad, estadio, patología, localización, tratamiento y sobrevida, se realizó análisis univariado teniendo en cuenta la variable edad categorizada por rangos (hasta 50 años, 51 a 60 años, 61 a 70 años, y más de 70 años; variables cualitativas descritas en tabla de frecuencias, porcentajes e intervalos de confianza; el análisis bivariado se realizó buscando el valor P del test de Fisher, los datos fueron analizados en el paquete estadístico Stata. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados mostraron que los hombres representan un 77.2% de los casos de cáncer gástrico estudiados; el 68.4% del total de los pacientes tenía más de 60 años. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la localización del tumor por sexo, ya que en las mujeres el cáncer se localizó en el antro pilórico mientras que en los hombres fue predominantemente en el cardias y el cuerpo del estómago (p<0.05; por su parte, las variables estadio clínico y tratamiento recibido se encontraron asociados de manera estadística a mortalidad (p<0.05. [Cuadros-Picón DM, Reyes-Soto Y. Comportamiento del cáncer gástrico en pacientes de la EPS-s provincia de García Rovira

Conservación de jugos de caña energética: solución a la cogeneración eléctrica con el bagazo originado en periodos inactivos de cualquier central azucarero.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amilkar Failde López

2012-04-01

Full Text Available En la evaluación de la viabilidad industrial de conservación de los jugos de caña energética mezclados con melazas de caña azucarera, datos experimentales obtenidos de las principales variables químicas y microbiológicas a escala de banco fueron analizados. Procesados con la prueba no paramétrica de Mann-Whitney, a las variables que registraron diferencias significativas se le construyeron gráficos y se les halló las ecuaciones de las líneas de tendencias y los coeficientes de correlación. Fueron determinados que el número más probable de microorganismos (NMP y el % de acidez, son las de riesgos de contaminación para la conservación a 75% Brix nominal de estos jugos. Se precisó que 80 días es el tiempo de garantía máximo. Son propuestas especificaciones de calidad para los diferentes usos, incorpora microorganismos patógenos cuando se destinan a alimento animal. Este resultado soluciona que cualquier central azucarero en periodos inactivos, pueda moler y cogenerar electricidad con el bagazo de caña energética o destinarlo a la industria del papel y la celulosa entre otras potencialidades, y conservar sus jugos para distintos destinos. Evita que los jugos se conviertan en un residual líquido agresivo al medio ambiente.

Dicty_cDB: VFM254 [Dicty_cDB

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available (All Frames) Frame A: ---xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxvxxxxxxxrxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxkvxxxxxkxxfxxvxnx xmvvlxxittfkrnplsi*ssd*ev...vckflskpslvrllhxklkvlitlrmlkpksktkk vfhqinnvsfspvnnwrmvvlslittfkrnplsi*fsd*evvckfl*klslvkplhsklk vvttlrm*kqkfktkkvshq Frame B: ---xxx...xxxxxxxxxxxxwxxxxxxsxgxxxxxxcxxxxxxxxryxxxxxxxxfxw*xix x

Dependence of some transmission factors on field size and treatment depth in external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) using the theratron equinox 100 cobalt 60 machine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Odonkor, P.

2015-07-01

The use of beam modifiers in today’s radiotherapy is very important as it attenuates the beam and reduces the dose to the patient; therefore the need to know the amount of attenuation (in terms of a transmission factor) they provide during treatment. The purpose of this research work is to evaluate the variation (or dependence) of the transmission factors (TFs) of block tray and physical wedges (of different angles) as a function of treatment depth and field size using both iso-centric setups, SAD and SSD; and thus compare the results from the two setup techniques. Wedge and tray TF measurements were performed in a full scatter, large water phantom using a 0.04cc ionization chamber and an average photon energy of 1.25MV from a cobalt-60 unit at an SAD/SSD of 100cm at various depths and field sizes with gantry and collimator angles fixed at 0°. From the measurements carried out, the wedge TF of the 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°, wedges were found to be 0.775±0.005, 0.650±0.010, 0.505±0.015, and 0.280±0.015 respectively; and the tray TF was found to be 0.960±0.003. Also, the results obtained showed that both the wedge TF and the tray TF has a strong linear dependence on treatment depth; however, the variation of the 15°, wedge TF and the tray TF with depth is less significant (less than 2%). Maximum percentage variation for the 15°, wedge for the SAD setup was 1.1% and 1.59% for the SSD setup; and that for the tray was 0.60% for the SAD setup and 0.12% for the SSD setup. Also, the variation of the 15°, 30°, and 45°, wedge TF with field size was less significant (less than 2%); and a weaker dependence was observed with field size as compared to the treatment depth. However, the 60°, wedge showed a significant variation (maximum of 2.22% and 2.88% for the SAD and SSD setups respectively) as an increase in field size was accompanied by an increase in its wedge TF. Also though the tray TF graphically showed a strong linear dependence on field size the

Efecto de la temperatura en la sobrevivencia embrionaria del puye Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns, 1842

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Bariles

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó el efecto de seis temperaturas constantes en la sobrevivencia embrionaria, periodo embrionario y periodo de eclosión de Galaxias maculatus de 7 a 22°C, en condiciones de laboratorio. Los resultados de la sobrevivencia embrionaria fueron: 90,6 ± 2,0; 88,7 ± 8,6; 87,7 ± 0,7; 89,7 ± 4,2; 70,0 ± 5,6 y 49,5 ± 7,4% a temperaturas de 7, 10, 13, 16, 19 y 22°C. Exceptuando la temperatura de 22°C, no hay diferencias significativas entre ellas (P > 0,05. Estos resultados caracterizan al embrión como euritérmico independientemente de ser una especie de aguas subantárticas. En relación al periodo embrionario (tH50%, los resultados fueron de 40,8 ± 0,6; 27,0 ± 0,0; 17,3 ± 0,6; 16,3 ± 0,6 y 13,3 ± 0,6 días a temperaturas de 7, 10, 13, 16 y 19°C respectivamente, con diferencias significativas entre ellas (P 87,7%, periodos embrionarios <27 días y periodos de eclosión <6,3 días. Estos resultados permitirán optimizar la sobrevivencia embrionaria y el eventual cultivo de la especie para fines comerciales o de repoblamiento.

Estrategias implementadas en el subsistema técnico en empresas de telefonía fija en Venezuela. Periodo 2000-2004

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wileidys Artigas

2008-01-01

Full Text Available El sector de telecomunicaciones en Venezuela se ha caracterizado por desenvolverse muy rápidamente; en él se realizan cambios constantes en función de lograr un mejor posicionamiento en el mercado, para lo cual, el aspecto tecnológico juega un papel muy importante dado que permite reducir costos y ofrecer más y mejores bienes y servicios por la naturaleza de dicho sector. De allí que el objetivo central del trabajo consistió en describir las estrategias implementadas en la organización del trabajo en el subsistema técnico de las empresas operadoras de telefonía fija en el estado Zulia en el período 2000-2004. La investigación llevada a cabo tuvo como basamento teórico la ESTRATEGIAS IMPLEMENTADAS EN EL SUBSISTEMA TÉCNICO EN EMPRESAS DE TELEFONÍA FIJA EN VENEZUELA. PERIODO 2000-2004 WILEIDYS ARTIGAS Coinvestigadora Auxiliar. Centro de Estudios de la Empresa. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia. Docente de la Universidad Rafael Belloso Chacin (URBE y la Universidad Nacional Experimental de la Fuerza Armada (UNEFA. Licenciada en Administración y Magíster en Gerencia de Empresas, mención Gerencia de Operaciones. Estudiante del Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales, mención Gerencia. wileidys@hotmail.com. MARÍA CRISTINA USECHE Investigadora-Docente. Centro de Estudios de la Empresa. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales. La Universidad del Zulia. Economista y Magíster en Gerencia de Empresas, Mención Mercadeo. Estudiante del Doctorado de Ciencias Económicas. mariauseche@yahoo.es. BEATRIZ QUEIPO Investigadora. Centro de Estudios de la Empresa. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales. La Universidad del Zulia. Licenciada en Administración y Estudiante de la maestria en proyectos de Investigación y Desarrollo. vicqueipo@yahoo.com. teoría de sistemas aplicada a la administración, siendo de tipo descriptiva y el diseño deductivo, no experimental, transeccional, estudiándose a la poblaci

Il periodo indiano di Maria Montessori

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giacomo Cives

2011-11-01

Full Text Available On Maria Montessori (1870-1952, Italian educator of the twentieth century the most successful in the world, there is, also a growing if belated, interest in more recent times also in Italy. So to confine ourselves to two thousand years, studies have appeared on his life and works of great interest, finally showing that its value is recognized beyond resistance of the idealistic and Catholic area survived for a long time. The author investigates these new frontiers of research on the Montessori starting from a new biography dedicated to her which gives attention also to the Indian period.

Crónica de los intercambios entre los grupos humanos paleolíticos. La contribución del arte para el periodo 20000-12000 años BP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Georges SAUVET

2009-08-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: En el transcurso de sus ciclos estacionales, los cazadores-recolectores del Paleolítico superior frecuentemente entraban en contacto con otros grupos. Testimonio de ello son la difusión de ciertas materias primas y los intercambios de bienes materiales y de las habilidades tecnológicas, pero los intercambios socioculturales no pueden evaluarse más que a través del compartimiento de valores simbólicos, revelado, principalmente, por la creación de obras de carácter artístico (arte mueble, arte rupestre y objetos de adorno personal. En un cuadro cronológicamente restringido (entre 20000 y 12000 BP y un espacio limitado (desde el norte de España al sudoeste de Francia, hemos investigado los argumentos temáticos, estilísticos y técnicos que permiten evaluar el grado de ósmosis sociocultural entre los grupos que vivían en este vasto territorio. Nuestra encuesta concluye con una visión contrastada de la historia de estas sociedades. Ciertos caracteres dejan entrever particularismos regionales de naturaleza idiosincrásica, pero, por el contrario y al menos para ciertos periodos, otros muestran una unificación de los sistemas de representación, que debe reflejar una homogeneización en las formas de organización social. Así, después de un periodo bastante largo, durante el que la Región Cantábrica desarrolló un sistema propio, independiente del de las regiones de Aquitania y Nortepirenaica, se asiste en el conjunto del territorio y durante el Magdaleniense medio, a una aproximación entre las concepciones artísticas, que probablemente sea la consecuencia de una intensificación de los contactos y del establecimiento de redes sociales operativas. Hacia el final del Magdaleniense, esta unidad de conjunto se disuelve progresivamente, a causa de una expansión territorial que hizo que los contactos se produjeran entre poblaciones cada vez más alejadas. En el plano metodológico, las obras de arte plástico son �

Trans-kingdom horizontal DNA transfer from bacteria to yeast is highly plastic due to natural polymorphisms in auxiliary nonessential recipient genes.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kazuki Moriguchi

Full Text Available With the rapid accumulation of genomic information from various eukaryotes in the last decade, genes proposed to have been derived from recent horizontal gene transfer (HGT events have been reported even in non-phagotrophic unicellular and multicellular organisms, but the molecular pathways underlying HGT remain to be explained. The development of in vitro HGT detection systems, which permit the molecular and genetic analyses of donor and recipient organisms and quantify HGT, are helpful in order to gain insight into mechanisms that may contribute to contemporary HGT events or may have contributed to past HGT events. We applied a horizontal DNA transfer system model based on conjugal gene transfer called trans-kingdom conjugation (TKC from the prokaryote Escherichia coli to the eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and assessed whether and to what extent genetic variations in the eukaryotic recipient affect its receptivity to TKC. Strains from a collection of 4,823 knock-out mutants of S. cerevisiae MAT-α haploids were tested for their individual TKC receptivity. Two types of mutants, an ssd1 mutant and respiratory mutants, which are also found in experimental strains and in nature widely, were identified as highly receptive mutants. The TKC efficiency for spontaneously accrued petite (rho (-/0 mutants of the functional allele (SSD1-V strain showed increased receptivity. The TKC efficiency of the ssd1Δ mutant was 36% for bacterial conjugation, while that of the petite/ssd1Δ double mutants was even higher (220% in average compared to bacterial conjugation. This increased TKC receptivity was also observed when other conjugal transfer systems were applied and the donor bacterium was changed to Agrobacterium tumefaciens. These results support the idea that the genomes of certain eukaryotes have been exposed to exogenous DNA more frequently and continuously than previously thought.

Using Bioassays and Species Sensitivity Distributions to Assess Herbicide Toxicity towards Benthic Diatoms

Science.gov (United States)

Larras, Floriane; Bouchez, Agnès; Rimet, Frédéric; Montuelle, Bernard

2012-01-01

Although benthic diatoms are widely used in ecological studies of aquatic systems, there is still a dearth of data concerning species sensitivities towards several contaminants. Within the same community, different species may respond differently depending on their physiological and ecological characteristics. This lack of knowledge makes specific appropriate risk assessment impossible. To find out whether species sensitivity distribution (SSD) could be used to estimate the risk of herbicide toxicity for diatoms, we need to know whether their sensitivity depends on their physiological and ecological characteristics. We carried out single-species bioassays on 11 diatom species exposed to 8 herbicides. Dose-responses relationships were used to extrapolate the Effective Concentration 5 (EC5) and the Effective Concentration 50 (EC50) for each exposure. These data were used to fit a SSD curve for each herbicide, and to determine the Hazardous concentration 5 (HC5) and 50 (HC50). Our results revealed a high level of variability of the sensitivity in the set of species tested. For photosystem-II inhibitor (PSII) herbicides, diatoms species displayed a typical grouping of sensitivity levels consistent with their trophic mode and their ecological guild. N-heterotroph and “motile” guild species were more tolerant of PSII inhibitors, while N-autotroph and “low profile” guild species were more sensitive. Comprehensive SSD curves were obtained for 5 herbicides, but not for sulfonylurea herbicides or for dimetachlor, which had toxicity levels that were below the range of concentration tested. The SSD curves provided the following ranking of toxicity: diuron> terbutryn> isoproturon> atrazine> metolachlor. The HC that affected 5% of the species revealed that, even at the usual environmental concentrations of herbicides, diatom assemblages could be affected, especially by isoproturon, terbutryn, and diuron. PMID:22952981

Statistical Learning and Adaptive Decision-Making Underlie Human Response Time Variability in Inhibitory Control

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ning eMa

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Response time (RT is an oft-reported behavioral measure in psychological and neurocognitive experiments, but the high level of observed trial-to-trial variability in this measure has often limited its usefulness. Here, we combine computational modeling and psychophysics to examine the hypothesis that fluctuations in this noisy measure reflect dynamic computations in human statistical learning and corresponding cognitive adjustments. We present data from the stop-signal task, in which subjects respond to a go stimulus on each trial, unless instructed not to by a subsequent, infrequently presented stop signal. We model across-trial learning of stop signal frequency, P(stop, and stop-signal onset time, SSD (stop-signal delay, with a Bayesian hidden Markov model, and within-trial decision-making with an optimal stochastic control model. The combined model predicts that RT should increase with both expected P(stop and SSD. The human behavioral data (n=20 bear out this prediction, showing P(stop and SSD both to be significant, independent predictors of RT, with P(stop being a more prominent predictor in 75% of the subjects, and SSD being more prominent in the remaining 25%. The results demonstrate that humans indeed readily internalize environmental statistics and adjust their cognitive/behavioral strategy accordingly, and that subtle patterns in RT variability can serve as a valuable tool for validating models of statistical learning and decision-making. More broadly, the modeling tools presented in this work can be generalized to a large body of behavioral paradigms, in order to extract insights about cognitive and neural processing from apparently quite noisy behavioral measures. We also discuss how this behaviorally validated model can then be used to conduct model-based analysis of neural data, in order to help identify specific brain areas for representing and encoding key computational quantities in learning and decision-making.

Solid-state drawing of post-consumer isotactic poly(propylene): Effect of melt filtration and carbon black on structural and mechanical properties.

Science.gov (United States)

Luijsterburg, B J; Jobse, P S; Spoelstra, A B; Goossens, J G P

2016-08-01

Post-consumer plastic waste obtained via mechanical recycling is usually applied in thick-walled products, because of the low mechanical strength due to the presence of contaminants. In fact, sorted post-consumer isotactic poly(propylene) (i-PP) can be considered as a blend of 95% i-PP and 5% poly(ethylene), with traces of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). By applying a treatment such as solid-state drawing (SSD) after melt extrusion, the polymer chains can be oriented in one direction, thereby improving the stiffness and tensile strength. In this research, molecular processes such as crystal break-up and chain orientation of these complex blends were monitored as a function of draw ratio. The melt filter mesh size - used to exclude rigid PET particles - and the addition of carbon black (CB) - often added for coloration in the recycling industry - were varied to investigate their influence on the SSD process. This research shows that despite the blend complexity, the molecular processes during SSD compare to virgin i-PP and that similar draw ratios can be obtained (λmax=20), albeit at reduced stiffness and strength as a result of the foreign polymers present in post-consumer i-PP. It is observed that the process stability improves with decreasing mesh size and that higher draw ratios can be obtained. The addition of carbon black, which resides in the dispersed PE phase, also stabilizes the SSD process. Compared to isotropic post-consumer i-PP, the stiffness can be improved by a factor 10 to over 11GPa, while the tensile strength can be improved by a factor 15-385MPa, which is approx. 70% of the maximum tensile strength achieved for virgin i-PP. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Obesometric factors associated with increased skin-to-stone distances in renal stone patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Allard, Christopher B; Shuster, Anatoly; Pinthus, Jehonathan H; Farrokhyar, Forough; Raees, A; Patlas, Michael; Matsumoto, Edward D; Whelan, J Paul

2012-12-01

Obese patients are at increased risk for renal stones as well as treatment failures due to increased skin-to-stone distances (SSD) and harder stone compositions. We investigated the relationships between obesometric parameters (body mass index [BMI], body fat distribution and obesity-related hormone levels) with SSD and stone hardness. We prospectively enrolled patients undergoing stone interventions at our institution. Computed tomography (CT) scans were analyzed; adipose tissue was identified according to Hounsfield units (HU) and separated into subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) components. The pixels were averaged at three levels to calculate fat distribution: %VAT = (VAT)/(VAT + SAT). SSD was measured and HU were used as a surrogate for stone hardness. Obesity-related hormones leptin and adiponectin were measured by ELISA. Seventy-nine patients were prospectively enrolled. Mean BMI and %VAT were 30.02 kg/m2 and 40.13 kg/m2. Mean leptin and adiponectin levels were 17.5 ng/mL and 7.67 mcg/mL indicating high risk for metabolic consequences of obesity. Females had greater proportions of subcutaneous fat than males (%VAT 28.4 versus 46.94, p r = 0.454, p = 0.008). Obese patients with %VAT > 40 versus stone compositions as measured by HU than non-diabetics (982.86 versus 648.86, p = 0.001). Obesometric parameters such as BMI, body fat distribution, and the presence of diabetes mellitus are important considerations in the management of renal stone disease. A large proportion of subcutaneous fat, which can be estimated by physical examination, predicts SSD among obese patients and may aid treatment decisions in patients, particularly those without pre-treatment CT scans. Further studies are needed to refine the role of obesometrics in personalizing treatment decisions.

Children’s mental representations with respect to caregivers and post-traumatic symptomatology in Somatic Symptom Disorders and Disruptive Behaviour Disorders

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabiola eBizzi

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Introduction. In line with literature, the quality of adult-infant interactions and mental representations of the caregivers play an essential role in influencing the children’s well-being. Many studies focused the attention on the role of attachment for a better evaluation of child psychopathological outcomes. The flexibility of the child’s attachment model gives the opportunity to parents to be helped in modifying their own caregiving quality, encouraging the reflection on the children’s state of mind with respect to attachment. The aims of this study were to evaluate: 1 the attachment models in young patients diagnosed with Disruptive Behaviour Disorders (DBD and Somatic Symptoms Disorders (SSD; 2 the levels of post-traumatic symptomatology; 3 the association between the attachment models and post-traumatic symptomatology. Methods. 40 Italian patients, aged from 8 to 15, recruited at Gaslini Paediatric Hospital of Genoa, previously diagnosed with SSD (N=20 and DBD (N=20 were assessed using the Child Attachment Interview (CAI, the Separation Anxiety Test (SAT, the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC-A. Socio-demographic data were collected. Results. In both the clinical samples, the findings on the distribution of attachment models showed a significant presence of insecure attachment with respect to both parents in more than a half of the patients and high levels of disorganized attachment. No significant differences between DBD and SSD samples were found on post-traumatic symptomatology (Post-Traumatic Stress and Dissociation. Significant differences were found on Depression, Anxiety and Fantasy subscales. Discussion. This study can provide a detection of dysfunctional aspects in clinical populations. The findings suggest that the quality of the attachment to parents may be a fundamental element to better assess SSD and DBD in children and adolescents. Clinical implications of this study aimed at improving parental caregiving

The Sound Quality of Cochlear Implants: Studies With Single-sided Deaf Patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Dorman, Michael F; Natale, Sarah Cook; Butts, Austin M; Zeitler, Daniel M; Carlson, Matthew L

2017-09-01

The goal of the present study was to assess the sound quality of a cochlear implant for single-sided deaf (SSD) patients fit with a cochlear implant (CI). One of the fundamental, unanswered questions in CI research is "what does an implant sound like?" Conventional CI patients must use the memory of a clean signal, often decades old, to judge the sound quality of their CIs. In contrast, SSD-CI patients can rate the similarity of a clean signal presented to the CI ear and candidate, CI-like signals presented to the ear with normal hearing. For Experiment 1 four types of stimuli were created for presentation to the normal hearing ear: noise vocoded signals, sine vocoded signals, frequency shifted, sine vocoded signals and band-pass filtered, natural speech signals. Listeners rated the similarity of these signals to unmodified signals sent to the CI on a scale of 0 to 10 with 10 being a complete match to the CI signal. For Experiment 2 multitrack signal mixing was used to create natural speech signals that varied along multiple dimensions. In Experiment 1 for eight adult SSD-CI listeners, the best median similarity rating to the sound of the CI for noise vocoded signals was 1.9; for sine vocoded signals 2.9; for frequency upshifted signals, 1.9; and for band pass filtered signals, 5.5. In Experiment 2 for three young listeners, combinations of band pass filtering and spectral smearing lead to ratings of 10. The sound quality of noise and sine vocoders does not generally correspond to the sound quality of cochlear implants fit to SSD patients. Our preliminary conclusion is that natural speech signals that have been muffled to one degree or another by band pass filtering and/or spectral smearing provide a close, but incomplete, match to CI sound quality for some patients.

Statistical learning and adaptive decision-making underlie human response time variability in inhibitory control.

Science.gov (United States)

Ma, Ning; Yu, Angela J

2015-01-01

Response time (RT) is an oft-reported behavioral measure in psychological and neurocognitive experiments, but the high level of observed trial-to-trial variability in this measure has often limited its usefulness. Here, we combine computational modeling and psychophysics to examine the hypothesis that fluctuations in this noisy measure reflect dynamic computations in human statistical learning and corresponding cognitive adjustments. We present data from the stop-signal task (SST), in which subjects respond to a go stimulus on each trial, unless instructed not to by a subsequent, infrequently presented stop signal. We model across-trial learning of stop signal frequency, P(stop), and stop-signal onset time, SSD (stop-signal delay), with a Bayesian hidden Markov model, and within-trial decision-making with an optimal stochastic control model. The combined model predicts that RT should increase with both expected P(stop) and SSD. The human behavioral data (n = 20) bear out this prediction, showing P(stop) and SSD both to be significant, independent predictors of RT, with P(stop) being a more prominent predictor in 75% of the subjects, and SSD being more prominent in the remaining 25%. The results demonstrate that humans indeed readily internalize environmental statistics and adjust their cognitive/behavioral strategy accordingly, and that subtle patterns in RT variability can serve as a valuable tool for validating models of statistical learning and decision-making. More broadly, the modeling tools presented in this work can be generalized to a large body of behavioral paradigms, in order to extract insights about cognitive and neural processing from apparently quite noisy behavioral measures. We also discuss how this behaviorally validated model can then be used to conduct model-based analysis of neural data, in order to help identify specific brain areas for representing and encoding key computational quantities in learning and decision-making.

Clinical implementation of MOSFET detectors for dosimetry in electron beams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bloemen-van Gurp, Esther J.; Minken, Andre W.H.; Mijnheer, Ben J.; Dehing-Oberye, Cary J.G.; Lambin, Philippe

2006-01-01

Background and purpose: To determine the factors converting the reading of a MOSFET detector placed on the patient's skin without additional build-up to the dose at the depth of dose maximum (D max ) and investigate their feasibility for in vivo dose measurements in electron beams. Materials and methods: Factors were determined to relate the reading of a MOSFET detector to D max for 4-15 MeV electron beams in reference conditions. The influence of variation in field size, SSD, angle and field shape on the MOSFET reading, obtained without additional build-up, was evaluated using 4, 8 and 15 MeV beams and compared to ionisation chamber data at the depth of dose maximum (z max ). Patient entrance in vivo measurements included 40 patients, mostly treated for breast tumours. The MOSFET reading, converted to D max , was compared to the dose prescribed at this depth. Results: The factors to convert MOSFET reading to D max vary between 1.33 and 1.20 for the 4 and 15 MeV beams, respectively. The SSD correction factor is approximately 8% for a change in SSD from 95 to 100 cm, and 2% for each 5-cm increment above 100 cm SSD. A correction for fields having sides smaller than 6 cm and for irregular field shape is also recommended. For fields up to 20 x 20 cm 2 and for oblique incidence up to 45 deg., a correction is not necessary. Patient measurements demonstrated deviations from the prescribed dose with a mean difference of -0.7% and a standard deviation of 2.9%. Conclusion: Performing dose measurements with MOSFET detectors placed on the patient's skin without additional build-up is a well suited technique for routine dose verification in electron beams, when applying the appropriate conversion and correction factors

Quality of Mobile Phone and Tablet Mobile Apps for Speech Sound Disorders: Protocol for an Evidence-Based Appraisal.

Science.gov (United States)

Furlong, Lisa M; Morris, Meg E; Erickson, Shane; Serry, Tanya A

2016-11-29

Although mobile apps are readily available for speech sound disorders (SSD), their validity has not been systematically evaluated. This evidence-based appraisal will critically review and synthesize current evidence on available therapy apps for use by children with SSD. The main aims are to (1) identify the types of apps currently available for Android and iOS mobile phones and tablets, and (2) to critique their design features and content using a structured quality appraisal tool. This protocol paper presents and justifies the methods used for a systematic review of mobile apps that provide intervention for use by children with SSD. The primary outcomes of interest are (1) engagement, (2) functionality, (3) aesthetics, (4) information quality, (5) subjective quality, and (6) perceived impact. Quality will be assessed by 2 certified practicing speech-language pathologists using a structured quality appraisal tool. Two app stores will be searched from the 2 largest operating platforms, Android and iOS. Systematic methods of knowledge synthesis shall include searching the app stores using a defined procedure, data extraction, and quality analysis. This search strategy shall enable us to determine how many SSD apps are available for Android and for iOS compatible mobile phones and tablets. It shall also identify the regions of the world responsible for the apps' development, the content and the quality of offerings. Recommendations will be made for speech-language pathologists seeking to use mobile apps in their clinical practice. This protocol provides a structured process for locating apps and appraising the quality, as the basis for evaluating their use in speech pathology for children in English-speaking nations. ©Lisa M Furlong, Meg E Morris, Shane Erickson, Tanya A Serry. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 29.11.2016.

Using bioassays and species sensitivity distributions to assess herbicide toxicity towards benthic diatoms.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Floriane Larras

Full Text Available Although benthic diatoms are widely used in ecological studies of aquatic systems, there is still a dearth of data concerning species sensitivities towards several contaminants. Within the same community, different species may respond differently depending on their physiological and ecological characteristics. This lack of knowledge makes specific appropriate risk assessment impossible. To find out whether species sensitivity distribution (SSD could be used to estimate the risk of herbicide toxicity for diatoms, we need to know whether their sensitivity depends on their physiological and ecological characteristics. We carried out single-species bioassays on 11 diatom species exposed to 8 herbicides. Dose-responses relationships were used to extrapolate the Effective Concentration 5 (EC(5 and the Effective Concentration 50 (EC(50 for each exposure. These data were used to fit a SSD curve for each herbicide, and to determine the Hazardous concentration 5 (HC(5 and 50 (HC(50. Our results revealed a high level of variability of the sensitivity in the set of species tested. For photosystem-II inhibitor (PSII herbicides, diatoms species displayed a typical grouping of sensitivity levels consistent with their trophic mode and their ecological guild. N-heterotroph and "motile" guild species were more tolerant of PSII inhibitors, while N-autotroph and "low profile" guild species were more sensitive. Comprehensive SSD curves were obtained for 5 herbicides, but not for sulfonylurea herbicides or for dimetachlor, which had toxicity levels that were below the range of concentration tested. The SSD curves provided the following ranking of toxicity: diuron> terbutryn> isoproturon> atrazine> metolachlor. The HC that affected 5% of the species revealed that, even at the usual environmental concentrations of herbicides, diatom assemblages could be affected, especially by isoproturon, terbutryn, and diuron.

Spots of Seismic Danger Extracted by Properties of Low-Frequency Seismic Noise

Science.gov (United States)

Lyubushin, Alexey

2013-04-01

A new method of seismic danger estimate is presented which is based on using properties of low-frequency seismic noise from broadband networks. Two statistics of noise waveforms are considered: multi-fractal singularity spectrum support width D and minimum normalized entropy En of squared orthogonal wavelet coefficients. The maps of D and En are plotted in the moving time window. Let us call the regions extracted by low values of D and high values of En as "spots of seismic danger" - SSD. Mean values of D and En are strongly anti-correlated - that is why statistics D and En extract the same SSD. Nevertheless their mutual considering is expedient because these parameters are based on different approaches. The physical mechanism which underlies the method is consolidation of small blocks of the Earth's crust into the large one before the strong earthquake. This effect has a consequence that seismic noise does not include spikes which are connected with mutual movements of small blocks. The absence of irregular spikes in the noise follows the decreasing of D and increasing of entropy En. The stability in space and size of the SSD provides estimates of the place and energy of the probable future earthquake. The increasing or decreasing of SSD size and minimum or maximum values of D and En within SSD allows estimate the trend of seismic danger. The method is illustrating by the analysis of seismic noise from broadband seismic network F-net in Japan [1-5]. Statistically significant decreasing of D allowed a hypothesis about approaching Japan to a future seismic catastrophe to be formulated at the middle of 2008. The peculiarities of correlation coefficient estimate within 1 year time window between median values of D and generalized Hurst exponent allowed to make a decision that starting from July of 2010 Japan come to the state of waiting strong earthquake [3]. The method extracted a huge SSD near Japan which includes the region of future Tohoku mega-earthquake and the

The Effects of Punica granatum Flower Extract on Skin Injuries Induced by Burn in Rats

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ebrahim Nasiri

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Background. We compared the efficacy of P. granatum (P flower extract with that of silver sulfadiazine (SSD for treating thermal burn injuries in rats. Methods. Ten Wistar rats in each group were topically given base cream, normal saline, cream containing 1% SSD, or creams containing 5% or 10% Punica granatum flower extract. The treatments were administered once daily until complete wound healing was observed. The wound area and healing time were assessed. In addition, percentage wound contraction and histopathological characteristics such as neovascularization and collagen formation were determined. The tannin content in P. granatum extract was determined. Results. The decrease in the average size of wounds on day 15 of the treatment was higher in rats treated with creams containing P. granatum extract than in rats treated with cream containing SSD (2.8±0.9 cm2 versus 8.4±3.2 cm2. The wounds completely healed on day 25 of the treatment in rats treated with creams containing P. granatum flower extract compared with those in rats treated with the other agents. Conclusion. These results indicated that P. granatum flower extract promoted wound healing in rats and could be used for managing burn injuries.

Blindness enhances auditory obstacle circumvention: Assessing echolocation, sensory substitution, and visual-based navigation.

Science.gov (United States)

Kolarik, Andrew J; Scarfe, Amy C; Moore, Brian C J; Pardhan, Shahina

2017-01-01

Performance for an obstacle circumvention task was assessed under conditions of visual, auditory only (using echolocation) and tactile (using a sensory substitution device, SSD) guidance. A Vicon motion capture system was used to measure human movement kinematics objectively. Ten normally sighted participants, 8 blind non-echolocators, and 1 blind expert echolocator navigated around a 0.6 x 2 m obstacle that was varied in position across trials, at the midline of the participant or 25 cm to the right or left. Although visual guidance was the most effective, participants successfully circumvented the obstacle in the majority of trials under auditory or SSD guidance. Using audition, blind non-echolocators navigated more effectively than blindfolded sighted individuals with fewer collisions, lower movement times, fewer velocity corrections and greater obstacle detection ranges. The blind expert echolocator displayed performance similar to or better than that for the other groups using audition, but was comparable to that for the other groups using the SSD. The generally better performance of blind than of sighted participants is consistent with the perceptual enhancement hypothesis that individuals with severe visual deficits develop improved auditory abilities to compensate for visual loss, here shown by faster, more fluid, and more accurate navigation around obstacles using sound.

Blindness enhances auditory obstacle circumvention: Assessing echolocation, sensory substitution, and visual-based navigation.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrew J Kolarik

Full Text Available Performance for an obstacle circumvention task was assessed under conditions of visual, auditory only (using echolocation and tactile (using a sensory substitution device, SSD guidance. A Vicon motion capture system was used to measure human movement kinematics objectively. Ten normally sighted participants, 8 blind non-echolocators, and 1 blind expert echolocator navigated around a 0.6 x 2 m obstacle that was varied in position across trials, at the midline of the participant or 25 cm to the right or left. Although visual guidance was the most effective, participants successfully circumvented the obstacle in the majority of trials under auditory or SSD guidance. Using audition, blind non-echolocators navigated more effectively than blindfolded sighted individuals with fewer collisions, lower movement times, fewer velocity corrections and greater obstacle detection ranges. The blind expert echolocator displayed performance similar to or better than that for the other groups using audition, but was comparable to that for the other groups using the SSD. The generally better performance of blind than of sighted participants is consistent with the perceptual enhancement hypothesis that individuals with severe visual deficits develop improved auditory abilities to compensate for visual loss, here shown by faster, more fluid, and more accurate navigation around obstacles using sound.

An Objective Short Sleep Insomnia Disorder Subtype Is Associated With Reduced Brain Metabolite Concentrations In Vivo: A Preliminary Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Assessment.

Science.gov (United States)

Miller, Christopher B; Rae, Caroline D; Green, Michael A; Yee, Brendon J; Gordon, Christopher J; D'Rozario, Angela L; Kyle, Simon D; Espie, Colin A; Grunstein, Ronald R; Bartlett, Delwyn J

2017-11-01

To evaluate brain metabolites in objective insomnia subtypes defined from polysomnography (PSG): insomnia with short sleep duration (I-SSD) and insomnia with normal sleep duration (I-NSD), relative to good sleeping controls (GSCs). PSG empirically grouped insomnia patients into I-SSD (n = 12: mean [SD] total sleep time [TST] = 294.7 minutes [30.5]) or I-NSD (n = 19: TST = 394.4 minutes [34.9]). 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) acquired in the left occipital cortex (LOCC), left prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex was used to determine levels of creatine, aspartate, glutamate, and glutamine (referenced to water). Glutathione, glycerophosphocholine, lactate, myoinositol, and N-acetylaspartate measurements were also obtained. Sixteen GSCs were included for comparison. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to evaluate differences in creatine, aspartate, glutamate, and glutamine. Aspartate and glutamine concentrations were reduced in the LOCC in I-SSD compared with I-NSD (both p sleep onset (r = -.40, p sleep study: Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12612000050853. 12612000050853. © Sleep Research Society 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.

Preparation of High Modulus Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate: Influence of Molecular Weight, Extrusion, and Drawing Parameters

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jian Min Zhang

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Poly(ethylene terephthalate (PET which is one of the most commercially important polymers, has for many years been an interesting candidate for the production of high performance fibres and tapes. In current study, we focus on investigating the effects of the various processing variables on the mechanical properties of PET produced by a distinctive process of melt spinning and uniaxial two-stage solid-state drawing (SSD. These processing variables include screw rotation speed during extrusion, fibre take-up speed, molecular weight, draw-ratio, and drawing temperature. As-spun PET production using a single-screw extrusion process was first optimized to induce an optimal polymer microstructure for subsequent drawing processes. It was found that less crystallization which occurred during this process would lead to better drawability, higher draw-ratio, and mechanical properties in the subsequent SSD process. Then the effect of drawing temperature (DT in uniaxial two-stage SSD process was studied to understand how DT (

Cochlear implant effectiveness in postlingual single-sided deaf individuals: what's the point?

Science.gov (United States)

Finke, Mareike; Bönitz, Hanna; Lyxell, Björn; Illg, Angelika

2017-06-01

By extending the indication criteria for cochlear implants (CI), the population of CI candidates increased in age, as well as range and type of hearing loss. This qualitative study identified factors that contributed to seek CI treatment in single-sided deaf individuals and gained insights how single-sided deafness (SSD) and hearing with a CI affect their lives. An open-ended questionnaire and a standardised inventory (IOI-HA) were used. Qualitative data reflecting the reasons to seek CI treatment and the individual experiences after CI switch-on were collected. A total of 19 postlingually deafened single-sided deaf CI users. Participants use their CI daily and stated that their life satisfaction increased since CI activation. The analysis of the qualitative data revealed four core categories: sound localisation, tinnitus and noise sensitivity, fear to lose the second ear and quality of life. Our results show how strongly and diversely quality of hearing and quality of life is affected by acquired SSD and improved after CI activation. Our data suggest that the fear of hearing loss (HL) on the normal hearing (NH) ear is an important but so far neglected reason to seek treatment with a CI in individuals with postlingual SSD.

Independent evolution of the sexes promotes amphibian diversification

Science.gov (United States)

De Lisle, Stephen P.; Rowe, Locke

2015-01-01

Classic ecological theory predicts that the evolution of sexual dimorphism constrains diversification by limiting morphospace available for speciation. Alternatively, sexual selection may lead to the evolution of reproductive isolation and increased diversification. We test contrasting predictions of these hypotheses by examining the relationship between sexual dimorphism and diversification in amphibians. Our analysis shows that the evolution of sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is associated with increased diversification and speciation, contrary to the ecological theory. Further, this result is unlikely to be explained by traditional sexual selection models because variation in amphibian SSD is unlikely to be driven entirely by sexual selection. We suggest that relaxing a central assumption of classic ecological models—that the sexes share a common adaptive landscape—leads to the alternative hypothesis that independent evolution of the sexes may promote diversification. Once the constraints of sexual conflict are relaxed, the sexes can explore morphospace that would otherwise be inaccessible. Consistent with this novel hypothesis, the evolution of SSD in amphibians is associated with reduced current extinction threat status, and an historical reduction in extinction rate. Our work reconciles conflicting predictions from ecological and evolutionary theory and illustrates that the ability of the sexes to evolve independently is associated with a spectacular vertebrate radiation. PMID:25694616

A clinical protocol for predicting outcomes with an implantable prosthetic device (Baha) in patients with single-sided deafness.

Science.gov (United States)

Snapp, Hillary A; Fabry, David A; Telischi, Fred F; Arheart, Kristopher L; Angeli, Simon I

2010-01-01

The Baha implant is increasingly becoming a common form of treatment for individuals with single-sided deafness (SSD). However, evidence-based guidelines for determining candidacy in these patients are not yet established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of speech-in-noise testing as a part of the preoperative evaluation of the Baha device in patients with SSD. The study design was a prospective cohort of 24 English-speaking adults comparing preoperative results on speech-in-noise measures using the Baha Cordelle II headband stimulator to postoperative results using the patient's external Baha processor. Outcome measures included signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss as measured by the QuickSIN™ and scores of self-reported disability questionnaires. Wilcoxon signed-rank test resulted in no significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative methods for measuring benefit on listening in noise tasks. Passing Bablok regression analysis showed the preoperative and postoperative results to be statistically equivalent, which suggests that postoperative results can be predicted during preoperative testing. Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed significant improvements in self-reported disability postoperatively. The results support the use of speech-in-noise measures as an accurate predictor of overall benefit in patients with SSD prior to implantation. American Academy of Audiology.

Discovery of the largest orbweaving spider species: the evolution of gigantism in Nephila.

Science.gov (United States)

Kuntner, Matjaz; Coddington, Jonathan A

2009-10-21

More than 41,000 spider species are known with about 400-500 added each year, but for some well-known groups, such as the giant golden orbweavers, Nephila, the last valid described species dates from the 19(th) century. Nephila are renowned for being the largest web-spinning spiders, making the largest orb webs, and are model organisms for the study of extreme sexual size dimorphism (SSD) and sexual biology. Here, we report on the discovery of a new, giant Nephila species from Africa and Madagascar, and review size evolution and SSD in Nephilidae. We formally describe N. komaci sp. nov., the largest web spinning species known, and place the species in phylogenetic context to reconstruct the evolution of mean size (via squared change parsimony). We then test female and male mean size correlation using phylogenetically independent contrasts, and simulate nephilid body size evolution using Monte Carlo statistics. Nephila females increased in size almost monotonically to establish a mostly African clade of true giants. In contrast, Nephila male size is effectively decoupled and hovers around values roughly one fifth of female size. Although N. komaci females are the largest Nephila yet discovered, the males are also large and thus their SSD is not exceptional.

Development of a sub-scale dynamics model for pressure relaxation of multi-material cells in Lagrangian hydrodynamics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Canfield T.R.

2011-01-01

Full Text Available We have extended the Sub-Scale Dynamics (SSD closure model for multi-fluid computational cells. Volume exchange between two materials is based on the interface area and a notional interface translation velocity, which is derived from a linearized Riemann solution. We have extended the model to cells with any number of materials, computing pressure-difference-driven volume and energy exchange as the algebraic sum of pairwise interactions. In multiple dimensions, we rely on interface reconstruction to provide interface areas and orientations, and centroids of material polygons. In order to prevent unphysically large or unmanageably small material volumes, we have used a flux-corrected transport (FCT approach to limit the pressure-driven part of the volume exchange. We describe the implementation of this model in two dimensions in the FLAG hydrodynamics code. We also report on Lagrangian test calculations, comparing them with others made using a mixed-zone closure model due to Tipton, and with corresponding calculations made with only single-material cells. We find that in some cases, the SSD model more accurately predicts the state of material in mixed cells. By comparing the algebraic forms of both models, we identify similar dependencies on state and dynamical variables, and propose explanations for the apparent higher fidelity of the SSD model.