KERAGAAN PEMIJAHAN BUATAN ANTARA IKAN PATIN SIAM (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus BETINA DAN IKAN PATIN JAMBAL (Pangasius djambal JANTAN DAN IKAN PATIN NASUTUS (Pangasius nasutus JANTAN

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Bambang Iswanto

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Upaya pengembangan budidaya ikan patin jambal (Pangasius djambal dan ikan patin nasutus (P. nasutus sebagai komoditas ekspor ikan patin daging putih sulit direalisasikan, karena kematangan induk-induk betinanya sulit dicapai pada musim kemarau dan keterbatasan fekunditasnya, sehingga produksi massal benihnya terbatas. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas ikan patin daging putih adalah melalui program hibridisasi antara ikan patin siam (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus betina dengan ikan patin jambal jantan (menghasilkan ikan patin hibrida siam x jambal dan atau dengan ikan patin nasutus jantan (menghasilkan ikan patin hibrida siam x nasutus. Potensi budidaya kedua ikan patin hibrida tersebut berkaitan dengan produksi massal benihnya merupakan hal yang penting untuk diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi derajat fertilisasi, derajat penetasan, dan derajat deformitas larva kedua ikan patin hibrida tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa derajat fertilisasi ikan patin hibrida siam x nasutus sama (P>0,05 dengan ikan patin siam, ikan patin hibrida siam x jambal dan ikan patin nasutus, sedangkan ikan patin jambal memiliki derajat fertilisasi yang lebih rendah tetapi tidak berbeda (P>0,05 dengan ikan patin nasutus dan ikan patin hibrida siam x jambal. Derajat penetasan ikan patin hibrida siam x nasutus adalah sama (P>0,05 dengan ikan patin siam dan ikan patin hibrida siam x jambal, dan lebih tinggi (P0,05; sedangkan pada ikan patin jambal dan ikan patin nasutus lebih tinggi (P<0,05. Hasil-hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas (produksi massal benih kedua ikan patin hibrida tersebut tinggi dan sama dengan ikan patin siam, sehingga potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai ikan budidaya.

STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS DAN RELUNG MAKANAN IKAN PASCA INTRODUKSI IKAN PATIN SIAM (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus DI WADUK MALAHAYU, KABUPATEN BREBES

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Kunto Purnomo

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Studi tentang struktur komunitas ikan dan pembagian sumber daya pakan ikan pasca introduksi ikan patin siam (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus di Waduk Malahayu (620 ha dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis ikan, preferensi makanan, dan luas relung tiap jenis ikan. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode survei pada bulan Agustus sampai Nopember 2009 dan bulan Maret sampai Oktober 2010. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur komunitas ikan terdiri atas 13 jenis ikan, yang didominansi oleh ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus, udang (Macrobrachium sp., dan gabus (Channa striata. Jenis-jenis sumber daya pakan yang dimanfaatkan oleh ikan adalah fitoplankton (20%, detritus (19%, zooplankton (17%, insekta (11%, tumbuhan air (9%, ikan (9%, udang (9%, dan moluska (6%. Ikan patin siam, mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus, dan beunteur (Puntius binotatus bersifat generalis karena mampu memanfaatkan semua sumber daya pakan alami yang tersedia. Ikan sili (Macrognathus aculeatus dan keting (Mystus nigriceps lebih bersifat spesialis karena hanya memanfaatkan insekta sebagai makanan utamanya. Peluang kompetisi antara ikan patin siam (diintroduksikan tahun 2009 dan ikan nila relatif kecil sebab sumber daya pakan utamanya berbeda, yaitu ikan patin siam memanfaatkan moluska sebagai makanan utamanya sedangkan ikan nila sebagian memanfaatkan fitoplankton. Hasil tangkapan ikan di waduk ini berkisar antara 34,3-1.323,1 ton/tahun dengan rata-rata 157,3 ton/tahun.   Malahayu Reservoir located in Brebes Regency, was impounded in 1930, with a surface area of 620 hectares, a mean water depth of 8 m. Its main function are flood control and irrigation. Study on fish community structure and food resource partitioning of fishes in Malahayu Reservoir were conducted from August to November 2009 and March to October 2010. The aim of the study was to evaluate the existing condition of fish resources, with emphasis on species composition, food preferency, and

Perceived versus real toxicological safety of pangasius catfish: a review modifying market perspectives

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Murk, Albertinka J.; Rietjens, I.M.C.M.; Bush, S.R.

2018-01-01

Mass media reports suggest that pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is ‘full of poison’ because it is able to survive in the ‘heavily polluted Mekong River’ and contains pesticides and veterinary treatment chemicals. However, most of these claims are not substantiated with scientific evidence.

Gilles Sauvage (1939-2010)

CERN Multimedia

CERN Bulletin

2010-01-01

Gilles Sauvage, a physicist from LAPP-Annecy working with ATLAS, passed away on 21 April 2010.   We will always remember Gilles’ smile. Gilles Sauvage was deeply involved in many generations of experiments at CERN as he followed the evolution of the field at the energy forefront. He started with the LAL-Orsay group in the WA2 Hyperon experiment at the SPS West Area, where he worked from 1976 to 1979. With the same group he was then a founding member of the UA2 Collaboration at the SPS p-pbar Collider, in which he was active throughout the duration of the experiment. He then moved to LAPP-Annecy in 1986 and joined first the L3 group at LEP, making important contributions to the construction, calibration, installation and commissioning of the BGO crystal calorimeter. Later, in the mid-1990s, Gilles joined ATLAS and led the LAPP-Annecy group through the intense period of the construction of one third of the ATLAS LAr barrel electromagnetic calorimeter modules at LAPP, and followed hands-o...

Mesure et déterminants de l'efficacité technique des pisciculteurs du ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Technical efficiency in fish farming and its determinants: the case of Benin. ABSTRACT ... aimed at measuring the technical efficiency of Benin's fish farms. ...... Measuring technical, allocative and cost efficiency of pangas (Pangasius hypophthalmus: Sauvage 1878) fish farmers of ... farming in Bangladesh: An application.

Two-year intervention trial to control of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes in giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) and striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) in nursery ponds in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.

Science.gov (United States)

Madsen, H; Thien, P C; Nga, H T N; Clausen, J H; Dalsgaard, A; Murrell, K D

2015-12-01

Fish-borne zoonotic trematode parasites (FZT) pose a food safety and public health problem in Vietnam. The transmission cycle is complex as domestic animals, especially dogs, cats, fish-eating birds and pigs together with humans serve as reservoir hosts and contribute to FZT egg contamination of aquaculture ponds and the environment. This intervention trial was conducted to determine the effectiveness of various on-farm interventions, including reduction in FZT egg contamination through treatment of infected people and domestic animals, reduction in snail density through mud removal from aquaculture ponds prior to fish stocking, and various other measures in reducing FZT infection in juvenile striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy). Interventions were implemented on 5 farms for each fish species during production cycles in 2009 and 2010 while 5 similar farms for each species served as control. For both fish species, both prevalence and intensity of infection did not differ significantly between intervention and non-intervention farms prior to the interventions. The interventions significantly reduced both prevalence and intensity of FZT infection in the juvenile fish compared to control ponds. For giant gourami, odds of infection in intervention ponds was 0.13 (95% CL: 0.09-0.20; p<0.001) of that in non-intervention ponds after the 2009 trial and 0.07 (0.03-0.14; p<0.001) after the 2010 trial. For striped catfish, these figures were 0.17 (0.08-0.35; p<0.001) after the 2009 trial while after the 2010 trial all ponds with interventions were free from infection. Metacercariae intensity (no. of metacercariae/fish) in giant gourami from intervention ponds was 0.16 (0.11-0.23; p<0.001) of that in fish from non-intervention ponds after the 2009 trial and 0.07 (0.04-0.15; p<0.001) after the 2010 trial; for striped catfish these figures were 0.18 (0.09-0.36; p<0.001) and 0.00 (confidence limits not estimated), respectively. The

THE EFFECT OF IMMERSION LENGTH IN PAPAYA LEAF SOLUTION (CARICA PAPAYA L. TOWARD FERTILIZATION AND HATCHING OF IRIDESCENT SHARKS (PANGASIANODON HYPOPHTHALMUS S.

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Eka S.H.

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Iridescent sharks is one kind of freshwater fish that is quite economical. However, the availability of the fish eggs is rather problematic due to the hatcheries, i.e. the adhesive nature of the eggs. Papaya leaves contain papain enzymes that can reduce the adhesive nature of eggs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of papaya leaf solution with different immersion period on the successful hatching of the iridescent sharks (P. hypophthalmus. This study was conducted experimentally using a complete randomized design. There were five treatments, i.e. (K 0 seconds, (A 30 seconds, (B 60 seconds, (C 90 seconds, (D 120 seconds, and (E 150 seconds with three-time repetition. The result of this study shows that the best hatching (80.31% happens to the eggs immersed in papaya leaf solution for 60 seconds (treatment B.

Cytochrome oxidase-I sequence based studies of commercially available Pangasius hypophthalmus in Italy

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Federica Bellagamba

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Pangasius hypophthalmus is one of the fish consumed in the Italian diet. It is farmed and imported from Mekong delta region of Vietnam. Among several types of Pangasius, Tra (Pangasius hypophthalmus is permitted for sales by the European Union. Since these fish species are often allegedly substituted with other morphologically similar fish due to commercial benefits, authentication of the products in the international markets become often necessary to prevent fraud and safety issues. In addition, this fish is imported as fillets without skin and bone, thus leaving the consumer’s at the risk of buying a substandard nutritional food. In this article we present the molecular approach we developed to identify Pangasius hypophthalmus from other closely related species based on cytochrome oxidase-I (COI mitochondrial barcoding gene and further described the variants in the studied population genetic of this species. Fifty-one samples of Pangasius hypophthalmus fillets labelled as Pangasio were obtained from various markets around Milan and their COI mitochondrial barcoding gene was sequenced and studied in our bioinformatics pipeline. All samples were successfully amplified and Basic Local Alignment Search Tool results of the amplified region confirmed that all sequences analysed belonged to Pangasius hypophthalmus. Based on the variations in their barcoding region single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified and delineative statistics was calculated on the sequences. Although Pangasius hypophthalmus is considered as a monophyly, seven polymorphisms were identified. The neighbour-joining tree and the Median-joining network of haplotypes showed for all the identified haplotypes a unique cluster, with the exception of one sample.

GONAD REMATURATION ON Pangasionodon hypophthalmus FEMALE THROUGH INJECTION OF PREGNANT MARE SERUM GONADOTROPIN AND HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN

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Evi Tahapari

2014-06-01

Full Text Available The success of spawning is influenced by internal and external factors. One of the factors that affect the var iabi li ty of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus female reproductive is the change of seasons that cause disrupted continuity of the seed availability, especially in the dry season. In the present study, combination of PMSG (pregnant mare serum gonadotropin + HCG (hormone chorionic gonadotropin hormone injections was done to induce gonad development. The treatments in this study were without hormone injections as control (A, injection of PMSG 10 IU/kg + HCG 10 IU/kg (B, and injection of PMSG 20 IU/kg HCG + 10 IU/kg (C. Injections were conducted at intervals of two weeks as many as six times. The results showed that gonad maturation generally occurs 2-4 weeks after estradiol-17 peak. PMSG + HCG hormone injections gave a significant effect on increasing the quantity and quality of eggs production. The fecundity in the A, B, C treatments, were 233,700±220,676; 300,305±24,581 and 488,433±142,228; respectively. Number of larvae produced from the A, B, C treatments, were 156,979±170,838; 229,997±18,081 and 362,713±101,850; respectively. Combination of PMSG 20 IU/kg + HCG 10 IU/kg hormone injection gave the best result on fecundity and the number of larvae production.

DNA barcode identification of commercial fish sold in Mexican markets.

Science.gov (United States)

Sarmiento-Camacho, Stephanie; Valdez-Moreno, Martha

2018-04-24

The substitution of high-value fish species for those of lower value is common practice. Although numerous studies have addressed this issue, few have been conducted in Mexico. In this study, we sought to identify fresh fillets of fish, sharks, and rays using DNA barcodes. We analyzed material from "La Viga" in Mexico City, and other markets located on the Gulf and Caribbean coasts of Mexico. From 134 samples, we obtained sequences from 129, identified to 9 orders, 28 families, 38 genera, and 44 species. The most common species were Seriola dumerili, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Carcharhinus falciformis, Carcharhinus brevipinna, and Hypanus americanus. Pangasianodon hypophthalmus was most commonly used as a substitute for higher-value species. The substitution rate was 18% of the total. A review of the conservation status of the specimens identified against the IUNC list enabled us to establish that some species marketed in Mexico are threatened: Makaira nigricans, Lachnolaimus maximus, Hyporthodus flavolimbatus, and Isurus oxyrinchus are classified as vulnerable; Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps and Sphyrna lewini are endangered; and the status of Hyporthodus nigritus is critical. These results will demonstrate to the Mexican authorities that DNA barcoding is a reliable tool for species identification, even when morphological identification is difficult or impossible.

Diversité floristique et ethnobotanique des plantes sauvages ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

2016-02-29

Feb 29, 2016 ... La valorisation (préparation de jus ou extraction d'huile) de certains fruits pourrait apporter une valeur ajoutée à ces espèces. ... elles aussi montré le rôle essentiel des plantes ... conservation/protection des plantes sauvages.

Les Champignons sauvages comestibles du Parc National Fazao ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Les champignons sauvages comestibles jouent un rôle important pour les populations d'Afrique tropicale. Ils servent de nourriture, de médicaments et de source de revenus. Pour évaluer leur pertinence socioéconomique au Togo et promouvoir leur exploitation durable, un inventaire a été réalisé à travers un ...

Utilization of Cinnamon Leaf and Shrimp Flour as an Enhancer of Catfish Meat Quality

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Mia Setiawati

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus is a freshwater fish that has been produced in the form of a filet. One of the problems in producing good catfish fillet is compactness and brightness of catfish farmed meat. This research aimed to get feed formulation as enhancer meat quality of striped catfish with added Cinnamon leaves flour (Cinnamomum burmannii and used shrimp head meal. A Fish with a weight of 208.98±25.76 g reared in 12 floating nets cage (2x1x1.5 m3 with density of 15 fish/nets for 60 days. As treatment, fish were fed with feed contains 1% cinnamon leaves, 45% shrimp head meal, and combined of cinnamon leaves and shrimp head meal, and as control used feed were formulated without cinnamon leaves and shrimp head meal. Fish were fed 2 times a daily with feeding rate 3.5% of average body weight of fish. The test parameters observed were physical, chemical and organoleptic test of catfish meat. The results showed feed with contains cinnamon leaves and shrimp head meal could decrease level of body fat 14.7% compared than control (p<0.05. Feed with used cinnamon leaves and shrimp head meal gave a texture of fillet fish more compact, elastic and color of fillet fish white. Keywords: Cinnamomum burmannii, fillet, shrimp head meal, feed formulated, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

Increasing Thai Catfish's Immunity (Pangasius hypophthalmus Fowler Using Ascorbic Acid

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, Ilmiah

2007-08-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACTAn experiment to determine Thai catfish's (Pangasius hypophthalmus Fowler immunity was carried out using different levels of ascorbic acid (0, 1.000, 2.000 and 3.000 mg/kg feed.  Fish of 15-20 g in weight were kept in aquaria for 6 weeks with density of 15 fish/aquaria.  Feed was given at 5-10 % of total biomass with frequency of three times a day.  The blood sampling was taken every week and the challenge test with Aeromonas hydrophila (106cells/mm3 injection intramuscular was done on the 30th day.   The result of this experiment shown that feed with ascorbic acid of 2.000 mg/kg was elevated the cellular responses such as: leucocyte total (34.850 cels/mm3, differential of leucocyte (lymphocyte: 72,2%, monocyte: 8,0%, neutrophyl: 7,8%, phagocytic index (13% and humoral response (titre antibody: 0.829 serum aglutination unit, which at the same time proves high level of survival rate against the artificial injection using A. hydrophila. Key words :  Ascorbic acid, fish immunity, Thai catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmus.   ABSTRAK Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan di laboratorium dengan menggunakan ikan jambal Siam (Pangasius hypophthalmus Fowler untuk melihat tingkat kekebalan ikan dengan menambahkan vitamin C pada pakan (0, 1.000, 2.000 dan 3.000 mg/kg pakan.  Ikan jambal Siam ukuran 15-20 g dipelihara dalam aquarium selama 6 minggu dengan kepadatan 15 ekor/wadah.  Pemberian pakan dilakukan 3 kali sehari sebanyak 5-10% dari bobot biomasa, pengambilan contoh darah dilakukan setiap minggu dan uji tantang dilakukan pada hari ke-30 dengan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila (106 sel/mm3 secara intramuskular.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan vitamin C sebanyak 2.000 mg/kg pakan menyebabkan meningkatnya respon seluler antara lain: total lekosit (34.850 sel/mm3, jenis lekosit (limfosit: 72,2%, monosit: 8,0%, netrofil: 7,7% dan trombosit: 17,6% indeks fagositik 13% dan respon humoral (titer antibodi: 0,829 unit serum aglutinasi

Safety dose of three commercially used growth promoters: nuricell- aqua, hepaprotect-aqua and rapid-grow on growth and survival of Thai pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

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Md. Ariful Islam

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Objective: To optimize the dose of 3 commonly used growth promoters, viz., Nuricell-Aqua (composition: glucomannan complex and mannose polymer, Hepaprotect-Aqua (composition: β-glucan, mannose polymer and essential oil and Rapid-Grow (composition: organic acid and their salt, β-glucan, mannose oligosaccharide and essential oil, using Thai pangas (Pangasiandon hypophthalmus as cultured species. Methods: Thai pangas fingerlings with an average length and weight of 11 cm and 10 g were reared under laboratory condition and growth promoters were fed after incorporating them with a test diet at a ratio of 10% of their body weight for a period of 28 d. Estimation of data on growth such as weight gain (g, specific growth rate, survivability (% test in each aquarium were conducted and data were analyzed using statistical software. Results: After 28 d of feeding with Nutricell-Aqua, 10 mg/(20 g feed·day, which was the dose recommended by the manufacturer, was found better. When Hepaprotect-Aqua and Rapid-Grow were employed, performance was found to be better with the dose of 60 mg/(20 g feed·day which was 1.5 times higher than the dose recommended by the corresponding manufacturer. Conclusions: These results suggest that chemicals and feed additives marketed in Bangladesh Fish Feed Market need further testing under Bangladesh climatic condition before being marketed.

Dominique Sauvage 1960-2002

CERN Multimedia

It was with deep shock and great sadness that we learned two weeks ago about the death of Dominique Sauvage in a car accident near CERN where he was working on the ATLAS LAr electromagnetic end-cap calorimeter modules. Dominique spent his first years as a physicist at the Weizmann Institute in Israel, as an enthusiastic student in the team of A. Breskin. He completed his early career in the team of G. Charpak working on MWPC and drift chambers. Dominique was a member of the CPPM Marseille ATLAS team for many years. He first took part in the development of the pixel detector from 1989 to 1994 where he worked on the detector hybridization developments (bump bonding, conductive glue, etc.). In parallel he was involved in the design of the silicon detectors for the Delphi pixel forward tracker. From 1994 Dominique was very heavily involved in all phases of the LAr e.m. end-cap calorimeter design, prototyping, testing and now production of the series modules. Parts of it were so much his own that it will be...

Dominique Sauvage 1960 - 2002

CERN Multimedia

2002-01-01

It was with deep shock and great sadness that we learned two weeks ago about the death of Dominique Sauvage in a car accident near CERN where he was working on the ATLAS liquid argon electromagnetic end-cap calorimeter modules. Dominique spent his first years as a physicist at the Weizmann Institute in Israel, as an enthusiastic student in the team of Amos Breskin. He completed his early career in the team of Georges Charpak working on multiwire proportional chambers and drift chambers. Dominique was a member of the Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM) ATLAS team for many years. He first took part in the development of the pixel detector from 1989 to 1994 where he worked on the detector hybridization developments (bump bonding, conductive glue, etc.). In parallel he was involved in the design of the silicon detectors for the Delphi pixel forward tracker. From 1994 Dominique was very heavily involved in all phases of the Liquid Argon electromagnetic end-cap calorimeter design, prototyping, t...

GFP tagged Vibrio parahaemolyticus Dahv2 infection and the protective effects of the probiotic Bacillus licheniformis Dahb1 on the growth, immune and antioxidant responses in Pangasius hypophthalmus.

Science.gov (United States)

Gobi, Narayanan; Malaikozhundan, Balasubramanian; Sekar, Vijayakumar; Shanthi, Sathappan; Vaseeharan, Baskaralingam; Jayakumar, Rengarajan; Khudus Nazar, Abdul

2016-05-01

In this study, the pathogenicity of GFP tagged Vibrio parahaemolyticus Dahv2 and the protective effect of the probiotic strain, Bacillus licheniformis Dahb1 was studied on the Asian catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmus. The experiment was carried out for 24 days with three groups and one group served as the control (without treatment). In the first group, P. hypophthalmus was orally infected with 1 mL of GFP tagged V. parahaemolyticus Dahv2 at two different doses (10(5) and 10(7) cfu mL(-1)). In the second group, P. hypophthalmus was orally administrated with 1 ml of the probiotic B. licheniformis Dahb1 at two different doses (10(5) and 10(7) cfu mL(-1)). In the third group, P. hypophthalmus was orally infected first with 1 mL of GFP tagged V. parahaemolyticus Dahv2 followed by the administration of 1 mL of B. licheniformis Dahb1 (combined treatment) at two different doses (10(5) and 10(7) cfu mL(-1)). The growth, immune (myeloperoxidase, respiratory burst, natural complement haemolytic and lysozyme activity) and antioxidant (glutathione-S-transferase, reduced glutathione and total glutathione) responses of P. hypophthalmus were reduced after post infection of GFP tagged V. parahaemolyticus Dahv2 compared to control. However, after administration with the probiotic B. licheniformis Dahb1 at 10(5) cfu mL(-1), P. hypophthalmus showed significant increase in the growth, immune and antioxidant responses compared to 10(7) cfu mL(-1). On the otherhand, the growth, immune and antioxidant responses of P. hypophthalmus infected and administrated with combined GFP tagged Vibrio + Bacillus at 10(5) cfu mL(-1) were relatively higher than that of GFP tagged V. parahaemolyticus Dahv2 and control groups but lower than that of probiotic B. licheniformis Dahb1 groups. The results of the present study conclude that the probiotic B. licheniformis Dahb1 at 10(5) cfu mL(-1) has the potential to protect the P. hypophthalmus against V. parahaemolyticus Dahv2 infection by enhancing the growth

Effects of Probiotic Bacillus sp. on Food Convertion and Growth of Catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus

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Dedi Jusadi

2007-04-01

Full Text Available A triplicate experiment was conducted to evaluate the addition of probiotic Bacillus sp. into the diet on feed convertion and growth of catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus. Twenty fish with an initial body weight of 1,85 ± 0,09 g were stocked in a 60-1 aquarium. During rearing period, fish were fed on the diet three times a day at satiation. Prior the feeding, probiotic (contained Bacillus sp. 4,2x106 CFU.ml-1 were added into the diet at a dosage of 0, 5, 15 or 25 ml.kg-1 diet. The probiotic were added once a day at the noon. The results showed that maximum protein retention, lipid retention, growth rate, and minimum feed convertion was found in the group of fish fed on the diet supplemented with 15 ml probiotic kg-1 diet. Irrespective to the dosage of probiotic, food consumption and survival rate of fish were the same among the treatments. Key words : Probiotic. Bacillus sp.. catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus.   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis yang optimal dari probiotik Bacillus sp. yang ditambahkan pada pakan komersil terhadap konversi pakan dan pertumbuhan benih ikan patin Pangasius hypophthalmus. Dua puluh ekor ikan patin dengan bobot rata-rata 1.85 ± 0,09 g ditebar dalam setiap akuarium frekuensi 50x40x35 cm yang diisi air 60 1. Selama 40 had masa pemeliharaan. ikan diberi pakan buatan berkadar protein 27% dengan frekwensi tiga kali sehari, at satiation. Sebelum diberikan ke ikan, pakan tersebut ditambah produk probiotik (mengandung Bacillus sp. 4,2 x 106 CFU/ml dengan dosis 0, 5, 15 atau 25 ml/kg pakan. Pakan yang mengandung probiotik hanya diberikan sekali setiap hari, yakni pada pukul 13.00. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya penambahan probiotik dalam pakan sampai dosis 15 ml/kg pakan menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan retensi protein, retensi lemak dan laju pertumbuhan harian ikan, serta menurunkan konversi pakan. Penambahan probiotik lebih lanjut (25 ml/kg pakan menurunkan kinerja pertumbuhan di atas

Utilization of cinnamon Cinnamomum burmannii leaves and shrimp head in the feed on growth performance of catfish Pangasianodon hypopthalmus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Suclyadi Dairun

2018-06-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACTCatfish farming has confronted with the problem of slow growth to reach the fillet size and less tender of fish fillets. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cinnamon leaf flour and shrimp head flour in formulated diets on growth of catfish Pangasianodon hypopthalamus. Catfish with an initial weight of 207.04 ± 2.70 g/fish reared in 12 cages with a dimension of  2×1×1.5 m3 (L×W×H  and its fish density was 15 fishes for 60 days. Fish were fed with following experimental diets: (1 Control; (2 cinnamon leaf (1% (CL; (3 45% of protein source from shrimp head (SH; (4 CL+SH mix.  The fishes fed twice a day with feeding rate 3.5% of fish biomass. The study found that the use of cinnamon leaf and shrimp head increased the specific growth rate 1.67-1.70%, the feed efficiency 57.55-57.67%, and protein retention 55.61% compared to its control (P<0.05. Triglyceride level, cholesterol, and blood HDL were 416.00-524.05 mg/dL, 139.65-156.68 mg/dL, 73.18-103.70 mg/dL (P>0.05, respectively. HSI value ranged between 0.3-1.9% compared to its control (P<0.05.Keywords: Cinnamomum burmannii, feed, growth, Pangasianodon hypopthalmus, shrimp head.  ABSTRAKBudidaya ikan patin dihadapkan pada permasalahan pertumbuhan dan kualitas daging yaitu pertumbuhan yang lambat untuk mencapai ukuran fillet serta tekstur daging kurang kompak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh penggunaan tepung daun kayu manis dan tepung kepala udang dalam pakan terhadap pertumbuhan ikan patin Pangasianodon hypopthalmus. Ikan patin dengan bobot 207,04 ± 2,70 g/ekordipelihara selama 60 hari di hapa sebanyak 12 buah (berukuran 2×1×1,5 m3dengan padat tebar 15 ekor/jaring. Ikan diberi pakan perlakuan yang terdiri dari: (1 Kontrol; (2 daun kayu manis 1% (DKM; (3 45% sumber protein dari kepala udang (TKU; dan (4 campuran DKM+TKU. Pemberian pakan sebanyak 2 kali sehari dengan feeding rate 3,5% dari biomassa ikan. Hasil dari penelitian penggunaan daun kayu manis

Effect of L-Ascorbyl-2-Phosphate Magnesium as a Vitamin C Source in Different Doses on Growth of Patin Pangasius Hypophthalmus Fingerlings

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D. Jusadi

2007-01-01

Full Text Available This study was aimed to determine optimum dose of L-Ascorbyl-2-Phosphate Magnesium in the diet of patin, Pangasius hypophthalmus fingerlings.  Five isoprotein and isocaloric diets containing different dose of L-Ascorbyl-2-Phosphate Magnesium, i.e. 0, 25, 75 and 100 mg/kg diet were used in this experiment.  Fish with an average size of 5.00±0.11 g were maintained at a density of 15 fish per aquarium.  Fish were fed three times a day at satiation, for 40 days.  The results of study shows that vitamin C content in fish body increased as the vitamin C level of the diet increased.  Similar pattern to vitamin C content was also found in protein retention, lipid retention, daily growth rate, and feed efficiency (p Keywords: vitamin C, patin, Pangasius hypophthalmus.   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar optimum L-Ascorbyl-2-Phosphate Magnesium dalam pakan ikan patin, Pangasius hypophthalmus ukuran sejari. Lima macam pakan isoprotein dan isokalori mempunyai kandungan L-Ascorbyl-2-Phosphate Magnesium berbeda, berturut-turut 0, 25, 50, 75 dan 100 mg/kg pakan telah digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Benih berukuran rata-rata 5,00±0,11 g dipelihara dalam akuarium dengan kepadatan 15 ekor per akuarium. Ikan diberi pakan tiga kali sehari, secara at satiation, selama 40 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar vitamin C tubuh meningkat sejalan dengan kadar vitamin C pakan. Demikian pula retensi protein, retensi lemak laju pertumbuhan harian, efisiensi pakan mengikuti pola yang sama seperti kandungan vitamin C tubuh (p Kata kunci: vitamin C, ikan patin, Pangasius hypophthalmus.

Biometric indices and size at first sexual maturity of eight alien fish species from Bangladesh

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Md. Yeamin Hossain

2016-09-01

Full Text Available The biometric indices and size at first sexual maturity of eight alien fish species from several water bodies in Bangladesh were studied for the first time. A total of 273 individuals of eight alien fish species (Barbonymus gonionotus, Clarias gariepinus, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, H. nobilis, Oreochromis niloticus and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus were collected using traditional fishing gears from June 2014 to May 2015. Among the four condition factors (Allometric condition factor, Fulton’s condition factor, Relative condition factor, and Relative weight studied, Fulton’s condition factor was the best for assessing the well-being of these alien species in their natural habitat, based on the relationships of condition factors with body weight and total length. The calculated form factor was 0.0270 for B. gonionotus, 0.0077 for C. gariepinus, 0.0119 for C. idella, 0.0194 for C. carpio, 0.0101 for H. molitrix, 0.0092 for H. nobilis, 0.0158 for O. niloticus and 0.0105 for P. hypophthalmus. The size at first sexual maturity was estimated in TL as 12.30 cm for B. gonionotus, 25.53 cm for C. gariepinus, 32.80 cm for C. idella, 18.22 cm for C. carpio, 23.92 cm for H. molitrix, 30.18 cm for H. nobilis, 21.78 cm for O. niloticus, and 21.32 cm for P. hypophthalmus. The present study also calculates form factor and first sexual maturity of these alien species from different water-bodies world over. The findings of this study can be very helpful for sustainable management of these alien species in Bangladesh and similar ecosystems.

Report of controls performed by the CRIIRAD laboratory level with the 'Les sauvages' source harnessing at Saint-Sylvestre (Haute-Vienne)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2010-05-01

This document reports analyses performed on drinkable waters distributed in Saint-Sylvestre (France), and more particularly in situ measurements of radioactivity levels, performed within the so called 'Les sauvages' spring catchment. Several aspects are discussed: the volume activity of radon 222 in the water at different moments, and the need to protect the catchment exploitation personnel

Comparison of Lethal Concentrations (LC50-96 H of Cdcl2, Crcl3, and Pb (NO32 in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio and Sutchi Catfish (Pangasius Hypophthalmus

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Zeynab Abedi

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Background: The present study compared lethal concentrations (LC50-96 h of CdCl2, CrCl3, and Pb (NO32 between two scaled and scaleless freshwater fish species: Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae and Pangasius hypophthalmus (Pangasiidae. Methods: The experimental fishes were obtained from fish markets/ponds with average lengths and weights of approximately 11.68 ±1.92 and 9.8±1.9 cm, and 25.92±6.3 and 18.61±3.22 g for C. carpio and P. hypophthalmus, respectively. The fishes were exposed to different concentrations of cadmium (Cd (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 100, 120, 200 mg L−1 lead (Pb (0, 20, 40, 50, 60, 90, 150 mg L−1, and chromium (Cr (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 mg L−1 for 96 h. Physicochemical parameters, such as dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature of aquaria as well as mortality rate of the fishes, were monitored daily. Results: The 50% lethal concentrations (LC50-96 h of CdCl2, CrCl3, and Pb (NO32 for P. hypophthalmus were found at 64.89, 7.46, and 48.06 mg L−1, and those of CdCl 2, CrCl 3, Pb (NO32 for C. carpio were detected at 84.8, 17.05, and 77.33 mg L−1. The ratios of heavy metal toxicity factors (TF were greater for common carp compared to those for the catfish. Conclusion: Our preliminary findings suggest that common carp C. carpio with higher LC50 (and LC100 values appears to be more tolerant to heavy metals exposure than the catfish (P. hypophthalmus. This may be due to the resistance to the heavy metals through protection from the carp's scaled body versus scaleless body of the catfish.

Extraits de Pobeg kumaniki / La Pousse de mûrier sauvage de Lena Eltang

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Lena Eltang

2012-06-01

Full Text Available PrésentationLena Eltang (1964, Leningrad, journaliste et traductrice, s’est fait connaître en tant que poète dès 2003 grâce à la parution de ses recueils de poèmes Jantarnyj skaz (La légende d’ambre, 2003 et Drugie vozmožnosti (Autres possibilités, 2004. Son premier roman, Pobeg kumaniki (La pousse de mûrier sauvage, 2006 nous plonge dans une aventure mystico-ésotérique, où un historien, Oscar Theo Forge, est persuadé d’avoir retrouvé six artéfacts indispensables au Grand œuvre lors de fo...

Kajian patogenisitas bakteri Edwardsiella ictaluri pada ikan patin Pangasionodon hypophthalmus

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Wiwik Susanti

2016-12-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT One of major problem of striped catfish Pangasionodon hypophthalmus culture is enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC, bacterial disease of Edwardsiella ictaluri, caused of more than 50% of mortalities. This reaserch was aimed to determine pathogenicity of local isolate E. ictaluri. Thirty individu of five group fishes, 6–10 g in body weight, injected intraperitoneally with 0,1 mL of bacteria suspension of 102 cfu/mL; 104 cfu/mL; 106 cfu/mL; 108 cfu/mL; 1010 cfu/mL; and PBS as control, were culture in 18 of 60×40×45 cm3 aquarium for seven days. External organs of fish (skin and abdomen and internal organs (liver, kidney, and brain were examined macroscopicly and microscopicly. Internal organ sample were taken on the 5th day for histopatologic test while blood sample was on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day after infection. Mortality rate was count to reach LD50. Clinical signs and pathology anatomy of co-infection fish showed vertical swim, petechial hemorrhage in the skin, dropsy, ascites in the abdominal cavity, pale liver and the kidney was dark red. Histopathology showed hydropic degeneration, fatty degeneration, hemorrhage and necrosis in the liver, melano macrophage center (MMC and necrosis in the kidneys, hemorrhage, and inflammatory cell infiltrates were also found in the kidneys and brain. Decreased of hematocrit and hemoglobin values of all tread group were statistically significant different (P<0,05 compared to controls. LD50 dose was 2,8×104 cfu/mL. The result indicated that E. ictaluri was very pathogenic on striped catfish P. hypophthalmus.  Keywords: Edwardsiella ictaluri, enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC, pathogenicity, striped catfish  ABSTRAK Salah satu kendala yang dijumpai pada budidaya ikan patin Pangasionodon hypophthalmus yaitu serangan penyakit bakterial. Enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC adalah penyakit infeksi bakteri Edwardsiella ictaluri yang dapat menyebabkan kematian ikan patin sampai >50%. Penelitian ini

Eighteenth century classification of mental illness: Linnaeus, de Sauvages, Vogel, and Cullen.

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Munsche, Heather; Whitaker, Harry A

2012-12-01

Classification was an important aspect of the 17th and 18th century development of Western science, epitomized by Linnaeus's 1735 Systema Naturae (Nature's System), in which he divided each kingdom of nature into classes, orders, and species. Linnaeus, a physician in addition to being a renowned taxonomist, endeavored to classify all known human diseases, largely on the basis of symptoms, in his 1759 Genera Morborum (Varieties of Diseases). We focus on his classification of mental disorders, a large subset of the Genera Morborum. We compare and contrast the Linnaean system with François Boissier de Sauvages's 1772 Nosologie méthodique (A Systematic Nosology) and Rudolph Augustin Vogel's 1764 Generum Morborum (Varieties of Diseases). We consider the impact of these nosologies on William Cullen's (1769/1800) Nosology, a popular system of disease classification that persisted through much of the 19th century.

PERKEMBANGAN ENZIM PENCERNAAN LARVA IKAN PATIN, Pangasius hypophthalmus sp.

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Irzal Effendi

2003-05-01

Full Text Available Development of digestive enzymes; protease, lipase and amylase were observed in patin catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmus, larvae.  The 1 day old larvae (day after hatching, with 3,37-3,97 mm length and 0,62-0,79 mg weight, were reared in aquarium 60x50x40 cm with stocking  density of 20 fish/l.  Larvae were fed  Artemia dan tubificid worms 2-8 dan 7-15 days after hatching (dAH,  respectively (schedule I;  2-6 and  5-15 dAH (schedule II; and 2-4 and 5-15 dAH (schedule III.  Chlorella was ready to eat by larvae at the entirely rearing.  For enzyme assay, larvae were sampled from each aquarium at stages of 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 dAH.    Protease and lipase activity were detected in digestive tract of  1 dAH larvae.   Digestive enzymes development have a similar pattern in larvae for all feeding schedules.  Protease activity  decreased with the increasing of age until 3 dAH, then increased  until the larvae reached 7 dAH, and sharply decreased until 10 dAH and then slowly decreased thereafter. Lipase activity tended to increase slowly with age up to 3 dAH, and increased sharply until 5 dAH, and then decreased sharply until 7 dAH  before decreased again up to the end of rearing.  Amylase activity in larvae increased slowly with the increasing of age up to 5 dAH, then increased sharply until 7 dAH, and decreased thereafter.  In dimly lighted larvae, amylase activity decreased before increased up to 12 d AH, then decreased thereafter.  The amount of food organisms in larval gut, body weight and length, and survival rate of larvae were also measured and discussed.Key Words:  Digestive enzymes, development, larvae, patin catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmus ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan enzim protease, lipase dan amilase saluran pencernaan larva ikan patin akibat perubahan skedul pemberian pakan.  Larva ikan patin (panjang 3,77–3,97 mm dan bobot 0,62-0,79 mg berumur 1 hari dipelihara di akuarium 60x

PENGGUNAAN EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH (Piper betle Linn UNTUK MENGHAMBAT BAKTERI Aeromonas hydrophila DAN TOKSISITASNYA PADA IKAN PATIN (Pangasius hypophthalmus (THE USE OF PIPER BETLE LINN EXTRACT ON AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA TO OBSTRUCT AND THE TOKSISITY TO PANGASIUS HYPOPHTHALMUS

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Siti Aisiah

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui   daya  hambat  daun  sirih   yang  paling  besar  terhadap  bakteri Aeromonas Hydrophila, mengetahui konsentrasi minimal ekstrak daun sirih yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri  A. hydrophila  dan mengetahui toksisitas konsentrasi efektif dari  ekstrak daun sirih terhadap ikan patin. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan untuk  uji toksisitas  adalah rancangan acak lengkap, terdiri dari 4 perlakuan yaitu A  = Ikan disuntik dengan ekstrak daun sirih konsentrasi 75%, B  = Ikan disuntik dengan ekstrak daun sirih konsentrasi 25%, C  = Kontrol positif (ikan disuntik dengan akuades steril dan D  = Kontrol negatif (ikan tidak disuntik, diulang 3 kali. Hasil uji sensitivitas antibakteri daun sirih yang mempunyai daya hambat dan daya bunuh paling besar terhadap bakteri A. hydrophila adalah ekstrak daun sirih-metanol. Pengujian MIC menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun sirih-metanol memiliki daya hambat minimal 25 % terhadap aktivitas bakteri A. hydrophila. Hasil uji toksisitas yang dilakukan terhadap ikan patin dengan konsentrasi 75% dan 25% menunjukkan bahwa mortalitas yang terjadi tidak mencapai 50%. Pengamatan hematologis pada masing-masing perlakuan menunjukkan hasil yang berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap kesehatan ikan patin. Parameter kualitas air pada penelitian ini yaitu, , kadar oksigen terlarut,  pH, amoniak, CO2 dan suhu masih dapat mendukung kehidupan ikan patin. This research was aimed a finding the part of Piper betle Linn  which had the biggest resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria and to know the minimal concentrate which could obstruct the growth of A. hydrophila  bacteria and to know effective concentrate toxicity of P. betle Linn  to Pangasius hypophthalmus.  The random sampling used proportionate stratified random sampling. In toxicity test, it had be done 4 treatment, which was given to fish, those were : A = fish was injected with 25 % concentrate of extract  P

Determinação de idade e crescimento do mapará (Hypophthalmus marginatus na Amazônia Central Age and growth of mapará (Hypophthalmus marginatus in the Central Amazon

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Leocy Cutrim

2005-01-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho visa contribuir para a conservação e manejo do mapará (Hypophthalmus marginatus, um importante recurso pesqueiro de exportação do Amazonas para o qual é necessário conhecer informações essenciais de sua dinâmica de populações. Para contribuir à esta finalidade, o presente trabalho estabeleceu como objetivo identificar o par de otólito mais adequado para leitura de anéis etários, determinar os parâmetros de crescimento do mapará (H. marginatus, Amazônia Central, Amazonas - Brasil. O trabalho foi efetuado através da análise de otólitos coletados no período de dezembro de 1996 á agosto de 1997. Os otólitos escolhidos foram os asteriscus, sendo a leitura efetuada em lupa estereoscópica com monitor acoplado. As marcas de crescimento foram validadas por meio da análise do incremento marginal relativo, sendo encontrado dois anéis/ano. Os valores estimados para os parâmetros no período foram L¥ = 52,63 cm; k = 0,555 ano; to = -0,029 e M = 0,552. O ciclo hidrológico e comportamento reprodutivo estão relacionados com a marcação de anéis etários.The present work seeks to contribute for the conservation and management of the mapará(Hypophthalmus marginatus, an important export fishing resource of Amazonas for which is necessary to know essential information of its population dynamics. To contribute to this purpose, the present work established as objective to identify a structure for reading of age rings, to determine the parameters of growth of the mapará (H. marginatus, Central Amazon, Amazonas - Brazil. The work was made through the otoliths analysis collected in the period of December of 1996 to August of 1997. The otolith chosen for reading was the asteriscus, being the reading made in a stereomicroscope with coupled monitor. The mark structures were validated by means of the analysis of the relative marginal increment, being found two rings. The values estimated for the parameters in the

Morphological description of larvae of the Mapará Hypophthalmus edentatus (Spix (Osteichthyes, Hypophthalmidae in the Itaipu reservoir (Parana River, Brazil

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Keshiyu Nakatani

1998-01-01

Full Text Available The ontogenetic aspects of larvae of Hypophthalmus edentatus (Spix, 1829 from the ichthyoplankton samples collected in the Itaipu reservoir between March 1988 and April 1990 were analysed. Sample were caught by 0.5 mm mesh conic-cylindrical plankton net. Larvae of H. edentatus were identified and described as Siluriforms from the morphological and morphometric development series. They have a small to medium-sized head, long body, small eyes, little pigmentation, mandibular barbules and 53 to 56 myomeres. High values obtained with correlation coefficient (r > 0.97; p < 0.001 show that growth was proportional in different parts of the body.

Assessment of mercury content in Panga (Pangasius hypophthalmus).

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Rodríguez, María; Gutiérrez, Ángel J; Rodríguez, Natividad; Rubio, Carmen; Paz, Soraya; Martín, Verónica; Revert, Consuelo; Hardisson, Arturo

2018-04-01

Panga (Pangasius hypophthalmus), originating from Vietnam, is one of the most consumed fish because of its low cost, mild taste and presentation (fillets without skin and bones). Nevertheless, due to the high levels of contamination of the rivers where it lives, and to the fact that the panga is a predator, whereby it will accumulate a higher mercury concentration, the main objectives of the present study were to evaluate the toxic risk from mercury ingestion as a result of the consumption of this fish. A total of 80 frozen panga samples natural and marinade from different commercial establishments have been analyzed using cold vapour atomic absorption spectrophotometry (CV-AAS). The results obtained show a wide range of mercury concentrations between 0.10 and 0.69 mg/kg, with an average value of 0.22 mg/kg. In addition, it has been found that the average mercury concentration in the marinated presentation (0.18 mg/kg) is higher than that obtained in the natural panga (0.16 mg/kg). However, no significant differences were found between commercial establishments or in the presentation formats, with the conclusion that they did not influence the mercury content in the samples. Assuming a weekly consumption of 350 g of panga, the contribution rate to Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI) of mercury (4 μg/kg bw/week) is 32% and 27.5% for women and men, respectively. Based on the results obtained in this study, an exhaustive control of the mercury content in this type of fish is necessary. In addition, a consumption restriction to children will be established. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

EMBRIOGENESIS DAN PERKEMBANGAN LARVA PATIN HASIL HIBRIDISASI ANTARA BETINA IKAN PATIN SIAM ( Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Sauvage, 1878 DENGAN JANTAN IKAN PATIN JAMBAL ( Pangasius djambal Bleeker, 1846 DAN JANTAN PATIN NASUTUS ( Pangasius nasutus Bleeker, 1863

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Bambang Iswanto

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Pengembangan budidaya ikan patin jambal maupun ikan patin nasutus untuk memenuhi permintaan pasar ekspor patin daging putih sulit direalisasikan karena keterbatasan fekunditas dan pematangan gonad induk betinanya. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas patin daging putih adalah melalui hibridisasi, yakni hibridisasi antara betina patin siam dengan jantan patin jambal maupun jantan patin nasutus. Hal ini dikarenakan patin siam memiliki keunggulan fekunditas yang tinggi, sedangkan patin jambal maupun patin nasutus memiliki keunggulan daging yang putih. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui karakteristik patin hibrida tersebut, termasuk pada tahap-tahap awal kehidupannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik embriogenesis dan perkembangan ontogeni morfologis larva patin hibrida tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa embriogenesis patin hibrida siam-jambal dan hibrida siam-nasutus serupa, tetapi perkembangan patin hibrida siam-nasutus sedikit lebih cepat. Pada suhu 28oC-29oC, larva patin hibrida siam-nasutus mulai menetas 20 jam setelah fertilisasi, berukuran panjang total 3,34±0,14 mm, dengan kantung kuning telur berukuran 0,71±0,28 mm3 yang terserap 50% pada umur 24 jam dan relatif habis terserap pada umur 54 jam. Larva patin hibrida siam-jambal mulai menetas 21 jam setelah fertilisasi, berukuran panjang total 3,47±0,13 mm, dengan kantung kuning telur berukuran 0,42±0,08 mm3 yang terserap 50% pada umur 30 jam dan habis terserap pada umur 60 jam. Perkembangan larva kedua patin hibrida tersebut hingga menyerupai morfologi ikan patin dewasa juga relatif serupa, tetapi patin hibrida siam-nasutus menunjukkan keragaan pertumbuhan yang lebih bagus, menghasilkan heterosis berdasarkan pertambahan panjang total selama 10 hari masa pemeliharaan sebesar 20,20%, sedangkan pada patin hibrida siam-jambal sebesar -4,15%.

HISTOPATOLOGI INSANG IKAN PATIN SIAM (Pangasius hypophthalmus YANG TERINFESTASI TREMATODA MONOGENEA

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Ida Ayu N. S. Utami

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Ikan patin siam (Pangasius hypophthalmus yang terinfestasi parasit trematoda monogenea tidak mudah dikenali gejala klinisnya secara spesifik, mengingat parasit ini menyerang organ insang. Infeksi parasit ini dapat menyebabkan kematian ikan sehingga sangat merugikan budidaya ikan patin siam. Tujuan penelitian adalah memberikan informasi secara histopatologi tentang perubahan jaringan insang ikan patin siam yang terinfestasi parasit trematoda monogenea. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pemeriksaan natif insang patin siam yang terinfestasi parasit trematoda monogenea dan dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan histopatologi. Pengambilan sampel ikan patin siam dilakukan sebanyak dua kali pada Mei dan Oktober 2015 di beberapa kolam budidaya. Pengamatan sampel dilakukan secara mikroskopik di Laboratorium Balai Karantina Ikan, Pengendalian Mutu dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan, Palembang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari total 150 sampel yang diamati terdapat 35 sampel atau kasus insang ikan yang terinfestasi parasit trematoda monogenea yaitu: masing-masing sebanyak 10 sampel diperoleh pada Mei dan 25 sampel pada Oktober. Pemeriksaan patologi terhadap organ insang yang terinfestasi trematoda monogenea menunjukkan bahwa lamella insang mengalami pembengkakan dan berwarna merah pucat. Parasit trematoda monogenea pada insang atau yang lebih dikenal dengan cacing insang memiliki panjang tubuh berkisar antara 0,7-0,9 mm dengan lebar 0,05-0,10 mm. Pengamatan histopatologi menunjukkan bahwa jaringan insang yang terinfestasi parasit trematoda monogenea ditandai adanya perubahan yang konsisten, yaitu hiperplasia tulang rawan hyalin, proliferasi sel mukus, hiperplasia lamella sekunder, dan fusi lamella sekunder. Perubahan ini dapat mengakibatkan kematian pada ikan akibat kekurangan oksigen dan perubahan osmoregulasi ion dalam tubuh ikan. The gills of striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus infested with parasitic trematodes monogenea are not easy to observe specifically

Assessment of human health risk associated with methylmercury in the imported fish marketed in the Caribbean.

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Fuentes-Gandara, Fabio; Herrera-Herrera, Claudia; Pinedo-Hernández, José; Marrugo-Negrete, José; Díez, Sergi

2018-08-01

The decline in marine and freshwaters catches in recent years in Colombia has led to a change in dietary habits, with an increase in the purchase and consumption of imported fish. This is of particular concern as fish are sometimes caught in mercury-contaminated waters, and are subsequently sold canned or uncanned. In addition, canned tuna has received little attention as it is widely assumed that concentrations are low. In this study, total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations were evaluated in three imported fish species marketed in Colombia, Prochilodus lineatus, Prochilodus reticulatus, and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, plus four brands of canned tuna and one of sardines. One brand of tuna showed the highest mean concentrations of THg (0.543 ± 0.237 μg/g, wet weight, ww) and MeHg (0.518 ± 0.337 μg/g ww), while concentrations in P. hypophthalmus were approximately 30 times lower (≈0.02 µg/g ww). The estimated weekly intake (EWI) in children was above the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of MeHg established by the Joint FAO/World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) in 2007, 1.6 μg/kg body weight (bw) per week, for all the canned tuna brands. Values for adults were below PTWI, whereas for women of childbearing age, values were above PTWI only for brand D of canned tuna. The estimate of the potential risk indicated that MeHg levels in canned tuna can generate negative effects in vulnerable groups, while the EWI of fresh fish did not pose a threat to the general population. Therefore, establishing strategies to address the high consumption of canned tuna, and continuous monitoring to control commercial food, are recommended to decrease Hg exposure. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

O papel educativo da fotografia de vida selvagem Le rôle educatif de la photographie de la vie sauvage The educacional purpose of wildlife photography

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Cristina Bruzzo

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Este texto examina duas reportagens dos fotógrafos James Balog e Michael Nichols, da revista National Geographic, sobre animais selvagens em zoológicos para questionar o que nos ensinam as denominadas fotografias de animais a respeito do lugar reservado à vida selvagem na cultura contemporânea. Partindo das considerações do filósofo francês Didi-Huberman e de estudos sobre a domesticação, busca-se fornecer subsídios para compreender o propósito educativo da fotografia de animais.Ce texte examine deux reportages des photographes James Balog et Michael Nichols, de la revue National Geographic, sur les animaux sauvages dans des parcs zoologiques pour questionner ce que nous enseigne les dites photographies d′animaux à propos de la place réservée à la vie sauvage dans la culture contemporaine. Partant des considérations du philosophe français Didi-Huberman et d′études sur la domestication, on cherche à apporter des éléments pour comprendre l′objectif éducatif de la photographie d′animaux.The intention of this paper is to examining two articles of National Geographic photographers James Balog and Michael Nichols on wild animals kept in zoos in order to questioning what the so called photographs of wild animals can teach us on wildlife proper space in contemporary culture. Considering French philosopher′s Didi-Huberman assumptions as well as studies on domestication this paper tries to provide information in order to understand the educational purpose of animal photography.

Nos voisines, les bêtes : situation des conflits avec la faune sauvage dans une aire protégée de la périphérie de Manaus (Amazonas, Brésil

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Guillaume Marchand

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Au cours des trente dernières années, les différentes expérimentations menées en matière de protection de la faune sauvage au Brésil ont conduit à l’élaboration d’aires protégées habitées, jugées plus acceptables et justes sur le plan social. Or, depuis la création de ces espaces, de nombreuses voix ont remis en cause le bien-fondé de ce genre de réserve, considérant que la cohabitation avec la faune sauvage pouvait potentiellement avoir des effets négatifs dans les domaines environnementaux et sociaux. Cet article s’intéresse à l’état des conflits entre humains et faune sauvage dans une communauté appartenant à la réserve de développement durable de Tupé, à la périphérie de Manaus. Il observe notamment la façon dont les conflits sont perçus et résolus afin de montrer la diversité des représentations quant aux espèces problématiques ainsi que les enjeux sociaux et environnementaux qui reposent sur leur protection.  During the last thirty years, few different experiments on protection of wild fauna in Brazil have led to the development of inhabited protected areas, seen as socially more acceptable and fairer. However, since their creation, the validity of this kind of protected areas has been questioned, considering that the coexistence between men and wild fauna may have negative effects for environment as well as local communities. This paper focuses on human/wildlife conflicts in a rural community in the sustainable development reserve of Tupé, located in the periphery of Manaus city. It mainly observes how conflicts are perceived and resolved and it shows how diverse are the representations regarding problematic species, as well as environmental and social issues related to their protection.

PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN, KOEFISIEN VARIASI, DAN HETEROSIS HASIL PERSILANGAN IKAN PATIN (Pangasius sp. PADA TAHAP PENDEDERAN II

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Jadmiko Darmawan

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Hibridisasi merupakan salah satu teknik pemuliaan ikan dalam rangka mendapatkan varietas unggul sehingga mampu meningkatkan nilai produksi suatu komoditas ikan yang dibudidayakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi performa pertumbuhan, koefisien variasi, dan nilai heterosis dari hasil persilangan tiga spesies ikan patin sebagai tetua, yaitu patin siam (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, patin jambal (Pangasius djambal, dan patin nasutus (Pangasius nasutus pada tahap pendederan II. Induk ikan patin siam dan patin jambal yang digunakan merupakan ikan yang sudah dirilis sebagai ikan budidaya, sedangkan induk ikan patin nasutus berasal dari perairan umum dan sedang dalam proses domestikasi sebagai ikan budidaya. Persilangan yang dibuat adalah: A f  patin jambal >0,05. Ikan patin SN memiliki performa yang lebih baik dari tetuanya dengan nilai heterosis bobot akhir, LPS bobot, panjang total, LPS panjang total, dan sintasan berturut-turut sebesar 110,87%; 19,78%; 36,14%, 36,09%; dan 15,04%; serta nilai koefisien variasi berkisar antara 0,00-11,08. Bobot akhir, panjang total dan sintasan ikan patin SJ juga lebih baik dari tetuanya dengan nilai heterosis berturut-turut sebesar 46,00%; 11,27%; dan 2,27%; namun untuk heterosis LPS bobot dan LPS panjang total bernilai negatif (-6,65% dan -1,01%, serta nilai koefisien variasi berkisar antara 0,00-12,75. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ikan patin hibrida SN berpotensi sebagai ikan budidaya dalam rangka peningkatan produksi ikan patin daging putih selain dari ikan patin hibrida  SJ (pasupati yang telah dirilis ke masyarakat. Hybridization is a fish breeding technique in order to obtain high yielding varieties as to increase the production value of a farmed fish. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth performance, the coefficient of variation and heterosis value of the result of crossing three species of catfish as a parent, which was striped catfish

The biology and ecology of Valencia letourneuxi Sauvage 1880 (Valenciidae - Prospects for conservation

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R. BARBIERI

2000-12-01

Full Text Available Data are provided on the distribution, abundance, early development and biology of the endangered Greek endemic species Valencia letourneuxi Sauvage 1880, along with a record of its occurrence at new localities. V. letourneuxi is a small-bodied and short-lived insectivorous species, exhibiting cryptic colouration and sexual dimorphism. It matures in the first year of life, reproduces serially in late spring and summer, and deposits spherical eggs, around 2 mm, on aquatic plants. Most morphometric characters show size-specific trends, which complicate comparisons among populations or with other species. Of specific systematic importance is the relative position of the anal and dorsal fins, which remains almost unaltered throughout development, and allows safe distinction from A. fasciatus. The species was found mostly in deep areas with clean and slow running water, usually associated with freshwater springs. Rich submerged vegetation is the prominent ecological feature of all sites in which the species was found. Using as criteria of rarity the limited geographic distribution, the confinement of the species in few localities of each aquatic system and the low local densities, V. letourneuxi can be characterised as a "restricted and locally rare species". The restricted distribution, coupled with the narrow ecological requirements, makes the species vulnerable to extinction. Its disappearance from at least four aquatic systems and the serious population decline in a number of other systems seems to be connected with habitat loss or degradation caused by human activities. The prospects of conservation are discussed.

Small size today, aquarium dumping tomorrow: sales of juvenile non-native large fish as an important threat in Brazil

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André L. B. Magalhães

2017-12-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Informal sales of large-bodied non-native aquarium fishes (known as “tankbusters” is increasing among Brazilian hobbyists. In this study, we surveyed this non-regulated trade on Facebook® from May 2012 to September 2016, systematically collecting information about the fishes available for trading: species, family, common/scientific names, native range, juvenile length, behavior, number of specimens available in five geographical regions from Brazil. We also assessed the invasion risk of the most frequently sold species using the Fish Invasiveness Screening Test (FIST. We found 93 taxa belonging to 35 families. Cichlidae was the dominant family, and most species were native to South America. All species are sold at very small sizes (< 10.0 cm, and most display aggressive behavior. The hybrid Amphilophus trimaculatus × Amphilophus citrinellus, Astronotus ocellatus, Uaru amphiacanthoides, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum, Cichla piquiti, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Datnioides microlepis and Cichla kelberi were the main species available. The southeast region showed the greatest trading activity. Based on biological traits, the FIST indicated that Arapaima gigas, C. kelberi and C. temensis are high-risk species in terms of biological invasions via aquarium dumping. We suggest management strategies such as trade regulations, monitoring, euthanasia and educational programs to prevent further introductions via aquarium dumping.

PENAMBAHAN BAHAN PEMBENTUK GEL DALAM PEMBUATAN SURIMI DARI IKAN PATIN (Pangasius hypophthalmus

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Theresia Dwi Suryaningrum Dwi Suryaningrum

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Kajian tentang pengolahan surimi dari ikar patin (P. hypophthalmus dengan menggunakan karaginan atau kalsium laktat 0,05% sebagai bahan pembentuk gel telah dilakukan. Pengamatan dilakukan selama proses pengolahan dan mutu surimi yang dihasilkan. Mutu surimi yang diamati adalah uji daya lipat, kekuatan gel, viskositas, derajat putih, komposisi proksimat, kandungan bakteri, serta uji organoleptik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan daging ikan patin menjadi surimi menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 23,03% dengan kadar lemak yang masih cukup tinggi yaitu sebesar 13,14% (bk, derajat putih 27,90 serta mengandung benda asing berupa serpihan kulit yang jumlahnya berkisar antara 11-16 serpihan/100 cm². Penambahan karaginan atau kalsium laktat sedikit meningkatkan rendemen surimi dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Penambahan karaginan atau kalsium laktat tidak berpengaruh terhadap daya lipat surimi, yaitu tidak retak ketika dilipat menjadi 4 (grade AA. Surimi yang diberi perlakuan penambahan kalsium laktat menghasilkan derajat putih dan kekentalan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan surimi yang diberi perlakuan karaginan dan kontrol. Kekuatan gel yang diperoloh dalam penelitian ini berkisar antara 978,93-1095,25 g/cm² dengan kekuatan gel terbaik diperoleh pada surimi yang ditambah karaginan. Penambahan bahan pembentuk gel tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar air, abu, protein maupun lemak produk. Uji sensori menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan yang diberikan tidak berpengaruh terhadap warna dan bau surimi, tetapi penambahan karaginan menghasilkan surimi dengan nilai tekstur paling tinggi sedangkan penambahan kalsium laktat menghasilkan surimi dengan nilai penampakan paling tinggi. Berdasarkan uji kesukaan, surimi yang diberi penambahan kalsium laktat lebih disukai oleh panelis dibandingkan dengan surimi yang diberi perlakuan karaginan.

KINERJA REPRODUKSI DENGAN INDUKSI OODEV DALAM VITELOGNESIS PADA REMATURASI INDUK IKAN PATIN (Pangasius hypophthalmus DI DALAM WADAH BUDIDAYA

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Agustinus Agustinus

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The objective of this research was to study the effect of Oodev as know as PMSGad gonad rematurity in infertile broodstock of P. hypophthalmus by Oodev Hormone injection. The treatments consisted of control 0 ml Oodev/kg fish weight (D, 0,3 ml Oodev/kg fish weight (A. 0,5 ml Oodev/kg fish weight (B and 0,ml Oodev/kg fish weight (C. withfourreplications of each. Fish weight at the beginning of experiment was 5 to 7 kg/individual. The result showed that Oodev had positive effect on egg maturation. This was shown by the value of average of eggs diameter. The maximum size of egg diameter for fish with hormone injection were larger than without injection. The best treatment was 0,5 ml Oodev/kg fish weight(B and the largest diameter was 701.52 ± 17.56 μrn. The size of eggs was more homogenous in group B than those of group C and A. It was concluded that injection of Oodev (PMSGad is effective in promoting gonad maturation and oocyte development in the catfish.

Effect of LH-RHa Injection trough W/O/W LG (C-14 Emulsion on Gonad Development of Catfish (Pangasious hypophthalmus

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N. Potalangi

2007-12-01

Full Text Available The objective of this research was to study the effect of LHRHa gonad maturity in broodstock of P. hypophthalmus through W/O/W LG (C-14 emulsion injection. The treatments consisted of control (A, 50 µg/kg fish wight (B, and 100 µg/kg fish weight (C, with five replications of each. Fish weight at the beginning of experiment was 2.0 kg/individual. The result showed that LHRHa in W/O/W emulsion had positive effect on egg maturation. This was shown by the value of average of eggs diameter. The maximum size of egg diameter for fish 701.52 ± 17.56 µm. The size of eggs was more homogenous in group B than those of group C and A. it was concluded that injection of LHRHa in W/O/W LG (C-14 emulsion if effective in promoting gonad maturation and oocyte development in the catfish

Microbial ecology of Vietnamese Tra fish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) fillets during processing.

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Tong Thi, Anh Ngoc; Noseda, Bert; Samapundo, Simbarashe; Nguyen, Binh Ly; Broekaert, Katrien; Rasschaert, Geertrui; Heyndrickx, Marc; Devlieghere, Frank

2013-10-15

There are numerous factors that can have an impact on the microbial ecology and quality of frozen Pangasius hypophthalmus fillets during processing in Vietnam. The presence of spoilage bacteria along the processing line can shorten the shelf-life of thawed frozen fish products. Therefore, the spoilage microbiota throughout the processing chain of two companies (BC: large scale factory, chlorine-based process, BW: large scale factory, water-based process and SC: small scale factory, chlorine-based process) was identified by culture-dependent techniques and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The microbiological counts were observed to be insignificantly different (p>0.05) between BC and BW. Surprisingly, chlorine treated fillets from the SC line were revealed to have significantly higher microbial counts than potable water treated fillets at BW line. This was determined to be a result of temperature abuse during processing at SC, with temperatures even greater than 10 °C being recorded from skinning onwards. On the contrary, the microbiota related to spoilage for BC and BW lines was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to be more diverse than that on the SC line. A total of 174 isolates, 20 genera and 38 species were identified along the processing chains. The genera Aeromonas, Acinetobacter, Lactococcus and Enterococcus were prevalent at various processing steps on all the processing lines evaluated. A diverse range of isolates belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae such as Providencia, Shigella, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Wautersiella were isolated from fillets sampled on the SC line whereas Serratia was only observed on fillets sampled on the BC and BW lines. The results can be used to improve Good Manufacturing Practices for processed Pangasius fillets and to select effective measures to prolong the shelf-life of thawed Vietnamese Pangasius fillets products. © 2013.

INFLUENCE OF FEEDING TIME ON FEED UTILIZATION BY SIAMESE CATFISH, Pangasius hypophthalmus JUVENILE

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Nina Meilisza

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Siamese catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus at juvenile stage is used as ornamental fish by fish hobbies because of their beautiful shape and movement. Feeding time is a part of feeding management to get the best and effective strategy on feed input. This study aimed to determine the growth of Siamese catfish juvenile by looking at the influence of feeding time on feed utilization. The average individual weight of juveniles used was ± 3.2 g stocked 15 fish per aquarium equipped with recirculation system. Two level factors in the factorial design consisted of 4 feeding times (at 8:00, at 12:00, at 16:00, and as control (8:00, 12:00, 16:00 and feeding level (45 g feed kg-1 fish, 90 g feed kg-1 fish. Interaction between feeding time and feeding level resulting eight types of treatments research, namely A (8/45, B (12/45, C (16/45, D (8:12:16/45, E (8:12:16/90, F (8/90, G (12/90, and H (16/90. The results showed that feeding time had significant effect on the specific growth rate, feed conversion, and protein efficiency ratio and were significantly different among the treatments (P<0.05. Besides feeding time control (treatments D and E, treatment C also showed the highest of specific growth rate (2.03%, protein efficiency ratio (1.46, and the lowest feed conversion ratio (1.85.

Natural Chemical Composition of Commercial Fish Species: Characterisation of Pangasius, Wild and Farmed Turbot and Barramundi

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Manthey-Karl, Monika; Lehmann, Ines; Ostermeyer, Ute; Schröder, Ute

2016-01-01

To comply with the relevant legal requirements and correct labelling, it is necessary for business operators and inspection authorities to know the natural characteristics of the raw material. This study gives a comprehensive overview of muscle flesh composition of farmed and wild Atlantic turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and of farmed pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). The proximate composition, di- and triphosphates and citric acid values are presented in order to evaluate possible indicators for a hidden treatment during processing to fillets. All moisture contents were ≤80%. Even for pangasius, protein values for deep skinned fillets of ≥18% were determined. Only small quantities of naturally occurring citric acid (up to 0.03 g·kg−1) were detectable. The lipid content was the most varying main component within the different species, ranging between 1.2% to 2.0% and 0.3% to 3.0% for farmed turbot and barramundi, respectively. Pangasius flesh had a mean lipid content of 7.8%. Trimming and separation of the red layer reduced the lipid content of the commercially sold white-flesh fillets to 2.7% to 3.5%. Fatty acids profiles, free amino acids, and minerals were analysed to show the nutritional quality of the aquaculture fish species and compared to wild turbot and barramundi. Despite some natural variation, these components can be considered as comparable. PMID:28231154

Natural Chemical Composition of Commercial Fish Species: Characterisation of Pangasius, Wild and Farmed Turbot and Barramundi

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Monika Manthey-Karl

2016-08-01

Full Text Available To comply with the relevant legal requirements and correct labelling, it is necessary for business operators and inspection authorities to know the natural characteristics of the raw material. This study gives a comprehensive overview of muscle flesh composition of farmed and wild Atlantic turbot (Scophthalmus maximus and barramundi (Lates calcarifer and of farmed pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The proximate composition, di- and triphosphates and citric acid values are presented in order to evaluate possible indicators for a hidden treatment during processing to fillets. All moisture contents were ≤80%. Even for pangasius, protein values for deep skinned fillets of ≥18% were determined. Only small quantities of naturally occurring citric acid (up to 0.03 g·kg−1 were detectable. The lipid content was the most varying main component within the different species, ranging between 1.2% to 2.0% and 0.3% to 3.0% for farmed turbot and barramundi, respectively. Pangasius flesh had a mean lipid content of 7.8%. Trimming and separation of the red layer reduced the lipid content of the commercially sold white-flesh fillets to 2.7% to 3.5%. Fatty acids profiles, free amino acids, and minerals were analysed to show the nutritional quality of the aquaculture fish species and compared to wild turbot and barramundi. Despite some natural variation, these components can be considered as comparable.

Utilization of Cinnamon Leaf and Shrimp Flour as an Enhancer of Catfish Meat Quality

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Mia Setiawati

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus is a freshwater fish that has been produced in the form of a filet. One of the problems in producing good catfish fillet is compactness and brightness of catfish farmed meat. This research aimed to get feed formulation as enhancer  meat quality of striped catfish with added Cinnamon leaves flour (Cinnamomum burmannii  and used shrimp head meal. A Fish with a weight of  208.98±25.76 g reared in 12 floating nets cage (2x1x1.5 m3 with density of 15 fish/nets for 60 days. As treatment, fish were fed with feed contains 1% cinnamon leaves,  45% shrimp head meal, and combined of cinnamon leaves and shrimp head meal, and as control used feed were formulated without cinnamon leaves and shrimp head meal. Fish were fed 2 times a daily with feeding rate 3.5% of average body weight offish. The test parameters observed were physical, chemical and organoleptic test of catfish meat. The results showed feed with contains cinnamon leaves and shrimp head meal could decrease level of body fat 14.7% compared than control (p<0.05. Feed with used cinnamon leaves and shrimp head meal gave a texture offillet fish more compact,  elastic and color of fillet fish white.

Effect of ingredient particle sizes and dietary viscosity on digestion and faecal waste of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Tran, Tu; Hien, T.T.T.; Bosma, R.H.; Heinsbroek, L.T.N.; Verreth, J.A.J.; Schrama, J.W.

2017-01-01

The ingredients' particle size and dietary viscosity may alter digestion, performance and faecal waste management of fish. This study aimed to assess the effect of grinding screen sizes of feed ingredients and dietary viscosity on digestibility, faecal waste and performance of striped catfish

Effect of ingredient particle sizes and dietary viscosity on digestion and faecal waste of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Tran, Tu; Hien, T.T.T.; Bosma, R.H.; Heinsbroek, L.T.N.; Verreth, J.A.J.; Schrama, J.W.

2018-01-01

The ingredients' particle size and dietary viscosity may alter digestion, performance and faecal waste management of fish. This study aimed to assess the effect of grinding screen sizes of feed ingredients and dietary viscosity on digestibility, faecal waste and performance of striped catfish

Effect of chitosan on shelf life of restructured fish products from pangasius (pangasianodon hypophthalmus) surimi during chilled storage.

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Jeyakumari A; George Ninan; Joshy C G; Parvathy U; Zynudheen A A; Lalitha K V

2016-04-01

In the present study, restructured products were prepared from pangasius surimi and their qualities were analysed under chilled storage. Pangasius surimi had 75.82 % moisture, 16.91 % protein, 2.76 % fat and 0.95 % ash. Restructured products were prepared in three different formulations by incorporating corn starch (10 %) and chitosan (0.75 %). Formulation containing only corn starch (10 %) was served as control. In all the formulations, mono unsaturated fatty acids were higher (45.14 %). The total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) showed an increasing trend and it was found to be higher in control (4.8 mg/100 g) on 10(th) day than the chitosan incorporated sample (3.5-4.2 mg/100 g) on 17(th) day during chill storage. Similarly, peroxide value (PV) was found to higher (8.85 milliequivalent of O2/kg) in control than the chitosan incorporated sample (4.5-6.8 milliequivalent of O2/kg) on 10(th) day. All the three formulations had an acceptable level of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value that ranged between 0.023-0.098 mg of malanoldehyde/kg during chilled storage. Based on the sensory and microbiological analysis, products prepared without chitosan had a shelf life of 10 day whereas, products incorporated with chitosan had an extended shelf life of 17 day.

Trails of river monsters: Detecting critically endangered Mekong giant catfish Pangasianodon gigas using environmental DNA

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Bellemain Eva

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Pressures on freshwater biodiversity in Southeast Asia are accelerating, yet the status and conservation needs of many of the region’s iconic fish species are poorly known. The Mekong is highly species diverse and supports four of the six largest freshwater fish globally, three of which, including Mekong giant catfish (Pangasianodon gigas, are Critically Endangered. Emerging environmental DNA (eDNA techniques have potential for monitoring threatened freshwater biodiversity, yet have not been applied in complex and biodiverse tropical ecosystems such as the Mekong. We developed species-specific primers for amplifying Mekong giant catfish DNA. In situ validation demonstrated that the DNA amplification was successful for all samples taken in reservoirs with known presence of Mekong giant catfish independent of fish density. We collected water samples from six deep pools on the Mekong, identified through Local Ecological Knowledge, in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Thailand. DNA was extracted and amplified from these samples using the designed primers and probes. Mekong giant catfish DNA was detected from one sample from the species’ presumed spawning grounds on the Mekong mainstream, near the border between northern Thailand and Lao PDR. eDNA sampling using species-specific primers has potential for surveying and monitoring poorly known species from complex tropical aquatic environments. However accounting for false absences is likely to be required for the method to function with precision when applied to extremely rare species that are highly dispersed within a large river system. We recommend that such approach be utilised more widely by freshwater conservation practitioners for specific applications. The method is best suited for baseline biodiversity assessments or to identify and prioritise locations for more rigorous sampling. Our methods are particularly relevant for systems or species with limited baseline data or with physical characteristics

PENGARUH BERBAGAI RASIO ENERGI PROTEIN PADA PAKAN ISO PROTEIN 30% TERHADAP KINERJA PERTUMBUHAN BENIH IKAN PATIN (Pangasius hypophthalmus

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Mas Bayu Syamsunarno

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Tujuan percobaan ini adalah untuk menentukan rasio energi protein optimum yang menghasilkan pertumbuhan maksimum benih ikan patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus. Percobaan menggunakan 5 (lima pakan iso protein dengan rasio energi protein berbeda, yaitu: 8,5; 9,0; 9,5; 10,0; dan 10,5 kkal DE/g protein. Benih patin berukuran 1,84±0,02 g ditebar secara acak ke dalam 15 akuarium (50 cm x 40 cm x 35 cm dengan kepadatan 20 ekor per akuarium. Benih ikan patin tersebut diberi pakan uji dua kali sehari sekenyangnya (satiation selama 40 hari. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kandungan protein tubuh tertinggi dihasilkan oleh pakan dengan rasio energi protein 9,0 kkal DE/g protein, sedangkan lemak tubuh terendah dicapai oleh perlakuan 8,5 kkal DE/g protein. Namun, protein karkas adalah sama untuk perlakuan 8,5–9,5 kkal DE/g protein dan kandungan lemak karkas terendah dicapai oleh 8,5 kkal DE/g protein. Konsumsi pakan, retensi protein, dan pertumbuhan tertinggi dihasilkan oleh pakan dengan rasio energi protein 9,0 kkal DE/g protein (P0,05. Oleh karena itu, kandungan optimum rasio energi protein 9,0 kkal DE/g protein memberikan pertumbuhan tertinggi pada benih ikan patin

Amino Acid Profile and Volatile Flavour Compounds of Raw and Steamed Patin Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) and Narrow-barred Spanish Mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson)

Science.gov (United States)

Pratama, Rusky I.; Rostini, I.; Rochima, E.

2018-02-01

Fish species and processing methods could affect the volatile flavour composition and amino acid profile of fishery commodity. The objectives of this study were to identify volatile components and amino acid profile of two considered predominant fish species in Indonesia which are freshwater Patin catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) and marine water fish, Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson). The methods used in this study were to detect volatile compounds using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) on fresh and steamed of both species samples (100°C for 30 minutes) and amino acid profile were also analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The volatile components analysis successfully detects as much as 29 and 59 volatiles compounds in fresh and steamed Patin catfish respectively, while 37 and 102 compounds were detected in fresh and steamed Spanish mackerel samples. Most of detected components derives from hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols and ketone groups which could affected by their chemical composition and resulted from various thermal involved reaction. The amino acids profile identification results showed that glutamic acid was found higher compared to other amino acids standards in both samples. Glutamic acid is non-essential amino acid which is important in umami taste substances.

KOEFISIEN KECERNAAN FRAKSI SERAT BUNGKIL KELAPA SAWIT YANG DIHIDROLISIS DENGAN ENZIM ASAL CAIRAN RUMEN DOMBA SEBAGAI PAKAN BENIH IKAN PATIN SIAM (Pangasius hypophthalmus

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Wahyu Pamungkas

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai kecernaan fraksi serat bungkil kelapa sawit yang dihidrolisis dengan enzim cairan rumen domba. Koefisien kecernaan ditentukan dengan menggunakan indikator Cr2O3 yang ditambahkan dalam pakan uji. Bahan pakan yang digunakan adalah bungkil kelapa sawit (BKS yang dihidrolisis dengan enzim asal cairan rumen domba dengan volume 100 mL/kg BKS dan diinkubasi selama 24 jam (BKSe dan yang tidak dihidrolisis (BKS. Pakan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah pakan acuan (pakan komersil, pakan uji A (30% BKSe dan B (30% BKS dengan 3 ulangan. Ikan yang digunakan 10 ekor benih ikan patin siam Pangasius hypophthalmus dengan bobot rata-rata 20 g/ekor yang dipelihara dalam fiber dengan volume air 80 liter. Pemberian pakan secara at satiation dengan frekuensi pemberian 3 kali per hari. Feses dikumpulkan selama 15 hari pemeliharaan untuk dianalisis kandungan nutrisinya. Hasil analisis kecernaan menunjukkan bahwa nilai kecernaan fraksi serat menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05 antar perlakuan di mana pakan A (30% BKSe mempunyai nilai kecernaan fraksi serat lebih tinggi dibandingkan pakan B (30% BKS.

Effects of nitrite exposure on functional haemoglobin levels, bimodal respiration, and swimming performance in the facultative air-breathing fish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lefevre, Sjannie, E-mail: sjannie.lefevre@biology.au.dk [Zoophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus (Denmark); Jensen, Frank B. [Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (Denmark); Huong, Do.T.T. [College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City (Viet Nam); Wang, Tobias [Zoophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus (Denmark); Phuong, Nguyen T. [College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City (Viet Nam); Bayley, Mark [Zoophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus (Denmark)

2011-07-15

In this study we investigated nitrite (NO{sub 2}{sup -}) effects in striped catfish, a facultative air-breather. Fish were exposed to 0, 0.4, and 0.9 mM nitrite for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 7 days, and levels of functional haemoglobin, methaemoglobin (metHb) and nitrosyl haemoglobin (HbNO) were assessed using spectral deconvolution. Plasma concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, chloride, potassium, and sodium were also measured. Partitioning of oxygen consumption was determined to reveal whether elevated metHb (causing functional hypoxia) induced air-breathing. The effects of nitrite on maximum oxygen uptake (MO{sub 2max}) and critical swimming speed (U{sub crit}) were also assessed. Striped catfish was highly tolerant to nitrite exposure, as reflected by a 96 h LC{sub 50} of 1.65 mM and a moderate nitrite uptake into the blood. Plasma levels of nitrite reached a maximum after 1 day of exposure, and then decreased, never exceeding ambient levels. MetHb, HbNO and nitrate (a nitrite detoxification product) also peaked after 1 day and then decreased. Only high levels of nitrite and metHb caused reductions in MO{sub 2max} and U{sub crit}. The response of striped catfish contrasts with that seen in most other fish species and discloses efficient mechanisms of combating nitrite threats. Furthermore, even though striped catfish is an efficient air-breather, this species has the ability to sustain aerobic scope and swimming performance without air-breathing, even when faced with nitrite-induced reductions in blood oxygen carrying capacity. Our study is the first to confirm that high levels of nitrite and metHb reduce MO{sub 2max} and thereby aerobic scope, while more moderate elevations fail to do so. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the low nitrite accumulation in striped catfish.

Effects of nitrite exposure on functional haemoglobin levels, bimodal respiration, and swimming performance in the facultative air-breathing fish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus.

Science.gov (United States)

Lefevre, Sjannie; Jensen, Frank B; Huong, Do T T; Wang, Tobias; Phuong, Nguyen T; Bayley, Mark

2011-07-01

In this study we investigated nitrite (NO₂⁻) effects in striped catfish, a facultative air-breather. Fish were exposed to 0, 0.4, and 0.9 mM nitrite for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 7 days, and levels of functional haemoglobin, methaemoglobin (metHb) and nitrosyl haemoglobin (HbNO) were assessed using spectral deconvolution. Plasma concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, chloride, potassium, and sodium were also measured. Partitioning of oxygen consumption was determined to reveal whether elevated metHb (causing functional hypoxia) induced air-breathing. The effects of nitrite on maximum oxygen uptake (MO(2max)) and critical swimming speed (U(crit)) were also assessed. Striped catfish was highly tolerant to nitrite exposure, as reflected by a 96 h LC₅₀ of 1.65 mM and a moderate nitrite uptake into the blood. Plasma levels of nitrite reached a maximum after 1 day of exposure, and then decreased, never exceeding ambient levels. MetHb, HbNO and nitrate (a nitrite detoxification product) also peaked after 1 day and then decreased. Only high levels of nitrite and metHb caused reductions in MO(2max) and U(crit). The response of striped catfish contrasts with that seen in most other fish species and discloses efficient mechanisms of combating nitrite threats. Furthermore, even though striped catfish is an efficient air-breather, this species has the ability to sustain aerobic scope and swimming performance without air-breathing, even when faced with nitrite-induced reductions in blood oxygen carrying capacity. Our study is the first to confirm that high levels of nitrite and metHb reduce MO(2max) and thereby aerobic scope, while more moderate elevations fail to do so. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the low nitrite accumulation in striped catfish. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effects of nitrite exposure on functional haemoglobin levels, bimodal respiration, and swimming performance in the facultative air-breathing fish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lefevre, Sjannie; Jensen, Frank B.; Huong, Do.T.T.; Wang, Tobias; Phuong, Nguyen T.; Bayley, Mark

2011-01-01

In this study we investigated nitrite (NO 2 - ) effects in striped catfish, a facultative air-breather. Fish were exposed to 0, 0.4, and 0.9 mM nitrite for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 7 days, and levels of functional haemoglobin, methaemoglobin (metHb) and nitrosyl haemoglobin (HbNO) were assessed using spectral deconvolution. Plasma concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, chloride, potassium, and sodium were also measured. Partitioning of oxygen consumption was determined to reveal whether elevated metHb (causing functional hypoxia) induced air-breathing. The effects of nitrite on maximum oxygen uptake (MO 2max ) and critical swimming speed (U crit ) were also assessed. Striped catfish was highly tolerant to nitrite exposure, as reflected by a 96 h LC 50 of 1.65 mM and a moderate nitrite uptake into the blood. Plasma levels of nitrite reached a maximum after 1 day of exposure, and then decreased, never exceeding ambient levels. MetHb, HbNO and nitrate (a nitrite detoxification product) also peaked after 1 day and then decreased. Only high levels of nitrite and metHb caused reductions in MO 2max and U crit . The response of striped catfish contrasts with that seen in most other fish species and discloses efficient mechanisms of combating nitrite threats. Furthermore, even though striped catfish is an efficient air-breather, this species has the ability to sustain aerobic scope and swimming performance without air-breathing, even when faced with nitrite-induced reductions in blood oxygen carrying capacity. Our study is the first to confirm that high levels of nitrite and metHb reduce MO 2max and thereby aerobic scope, while more moderate elevations fail to do so. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the low nitrite accumulation in striped catfish.

Effect of alcohol and formaldehyde on the ä13C and ä15N isotopic composition of Plagioscion squamosissimus and Hypophthalmus edentatus (Pisces, Osteichthyes = Efeito do alcool e formol sobre a composicao isotopica de ƒÂ13C e de ƒÂ15N em Plagioscion squamosissimus e Hypophthalmus edentatus (Pisces, Osteichthyes

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Gislaine Iachstel Manetta

2011-09-01

Full Text Available The present study investigates the ƒÂ13C and ƒÂ15N isotopic composition in frozen samples (control, samples in alcohol and in formaldehyde of Plagioscion squamosissimus and Hypophthalmus edentatus. From each individual we extracted a strip of muscle from the region above the lateral line, in the dorsal fin base, that was divided into three equal parts, each one was submitted to one type of treatment: freeze . control group (-15oC, conservation in alcohol 70%and fixation in formaldehyde 4%. Samples were kept under those treatments for 30 days, washed and submerged in distilled water for 4 hours. Afterwards, they were dried up in air oven at 60oC for 48 hours and macerated until the obtaining of a fine powder. A significant difference was found in isotopic values of carbon and nitrogen, between the control and the samples in alcohol and formaldehyde, except for ƒÂ13C from the H. edentatus samples in formaldehyde. The carbon isotopic values of samples in alcohol were mostly enriched compared to control, whereas the samples in formaldehyde presented depleted values in relation to the control. The nitrogen isotopic values for both samples preserved in alcohol and formaldehyde were enriched when compared to the values of frozen samples, independently of used preservatives. Therefore, the isotopic correction should be accomplished according to the isotope and preservative employed for species of freshwater fish.O presente estudo investiga a composicao isotopica de ƒÂ13C e ƒÂ15N entre as amostras congeladas (controle, em alcool e em formol de Plagioscion squamosissimus e Hypophthalmus edentatus. De cada individuo foi extraida uma faixa de musculo localizada na regiao acima da linha lateral, na base da nadadeira dorsal, a qual foi subdividida em tres partes iguais, sendo cada uma delas submetida a um tipo de tratamento: congelamento - grupo control (-15oC, conservacao em alcool 70% e fixacao em formol 4%. As amostras foram mantidas nos

Effects of lead, molybdenum, rubidium, arsenic and organochlorines on spermatogenesis in fish: Monitoring at Mekong Delta area and in vitro experiment

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Yamaguchi, Sonoko [Laboratory of Fish Reproductive Physiology, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 (Japan); Miura, Chiemi [Laboratory of Fish Reproductive Physiology, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 (Japan); Ito, Aki [Laboratory of Fish Reproductive Physiology, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 (Japan); Agusa, Tetsuro [Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577 (Japan); Iwata, Hisato [Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577 (Japan); Tanabe, Shinsuke [Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577 (Japan); Bui Cach Tuyen [Nong Lam University, Thu Duc Distr., Ho Chi Minh City (Viet Nam); Miura, Takeshi [Laboratory of Fish Reproductive Physiology, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 (Japan)]. E-mail: miutake@agr.ehime-u.ac.jp

2007-06-05

To estimate the influence of water contaminants on fish reproduction in the Mekong Delta area, we sampled cultivated male catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), investigated testicular development, and measured persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and trace element levels in muscle and liver, respectively. Various testes sizes were observed although sampling took place during a short period. Histological analysis revealed that all developmental stages of germ cells were observed in catfish with large testis, whereas only necrotic spermatogonia but no other germ cells were observed in catfish with small testis. In small testis, furthermore, vacuolization and hypertrophy of Sertoli cells were observed. Measurement of POPs in muscle and trace elements in liver demonstrated that there were negative correlations between GSI and the concentrations of Pb, Mo, Rb and As. To clarify possible direct effects of Pb, Mo, Rb and As on spermatogenesis in fish, we investigated the effects of these trace elements on spermatogenesis using in vitro testicular organ culture of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). Treatment with each of the trace elements alone did not affect spermatogenesis. However, treatment with 10{sup -7} M of Pb, 10{sup -5} and 10{sup -4} M of Mo, 10{sup -5}-10{sup -3} M of Rb or 10{sup -5} M of As inhibited the spermatogenesis induced by 11-ketotestosterone (11KT). Furthermore, treatment with 10{sup -4} M of As in combination with 11KT caused necrosis of testicular fragments. Taken together, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that Pb, Mo, Rb and As can exert inhibitory effects on spermatogenesis in catfish inhabiting the Mekong Delta area.

Hematologic and plasma chemistry RIs for cultured Striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) in recirculating aquaculture systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Galagarza, Oscar A; Kuhn, David D; Smith, Stephen A; Hrubec, Terry C

2017-09-01

Striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) is a valuable aquaculture fish species produced primarily in Southeast Asia. In the United States, it is bred as an ornamental species. Striped catfish has high productivity and great demand in numerous countries around the world, yet little is known about its normal physiology. The objective of this study was to establish hematologic and blood chemistry RIs for healthy juvenile Striped catfish. Blood samples were collected from 70 Striped catfish raised in recirculating aquaculture systems. Whole blood and plasma samples were analyzed for multiple hematologic and chemistry variables using standard techniques. The RIs for hematology were as follows: PCV 23.5-35.9%, MCV 106.3-156.6 fL, RBC count 1.79-2.75 × 10 6 cells/μL, thrombocytes 26,318-73,333 cells/μL, total WBC count 36,294-94,286 cells/μL, total lymphocytes 18,997-59,998 cells/μL, small lymphocytes 13,763-51,490 cells/μL, large lymphocytes 715-21,200 cells/μL, granulocytes 4504-18,291 cells/μL, and monocytes 0-7549 cells/μL. Plasma chemistry RIs were the following: ALP 32.7-74.6 U/L, AST 20.3-1235.8 U/L, sodium 135.2-147.7 mmol/L, potassium 3.3-5.0 mmol/L, chloride 120.1-133.6 mmol/L, calcium 2.7-3.6 mmol/L, magnesium 0.9-1.3 mmol/L, phosphorous 1.4-2.7 mmol/L, glucose 4.6-7.6 mmol/L, cholesterol 2.8-5.3 mmol/L, total protein 30-42 g/L, albumin 7-11 g/L, globulin 22-32 g/L, albumin:globulin ratio 0.27-0.37, creatinine 0-8 μmol/L, and osmolality 251.8-327.9 mOsm/kg. Reference intervals reported here can help veterinarians and fish health specialists monitor the health status of Striped catfish under recirculating aquaculture conditions for research, exhibition, and production purposes. © 2017 American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology.

Potential contribution of fish feed and phytoplankton to the content of volatile terpenes in cultured Pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Podduturi, Raju; Petersen, Mikael Agerlin; Mahmud, Sultan

2017-01-01

Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol are the most recognized off-flavors in freshwater fish, but terpenes may also contribute off-flavor in fish. We identified six monoterpenes, 11 sesquiterpenes, and three terpene-related compounds in pangasius and tilapia from aquaculture farms in Bangladesh. The con...

Species-specific content of As, Pb, and other elements in pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from aquaculture ponds in southern Bangladesh

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Marcussen, Helle; Alam, Md. Ariful; Rahman, Md. Mizanur

2014-01-01

Content of arsenic and lead and 10 other potentially toxic elements (Ba, Ce, Cr, Cu, Fe,Mg,Mn, Se, Sr and Zn) was determined in tilapia and pangas from aquaculture ponds in southern Bangladesh. Tilapia had 1.6- to 4.3-fold higher content of Mn, As, Sr, and Ba than pangas, possibly caused...... by different feeding habits of the two fish. The other elements had similar concentrations in both species. Content of As in tilapia and pangas was 0.37 and 0.11 μg g−1, respectively, while Pb made up 0.056 and 0.051 μg g−1, respectively. Water treatment during the farming period (sand filtration and probiotic...... bacteria) and final depuration in groundwater for up to 48 h had no effect on content of the elements. For As, consumption of 100 g fresh fish per day contained 1.3% (pangas) and 5% (tilapia) of the maximum tolerable daily intake according to FAO recommendations. Relative to whole tilapia froma lake near...

An evaluation of fish health-management practices and occupational health hazards associated with Pangasius catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) aquaculture in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Phu, TranMinh; Nguyen Thanh, Phuong; Dung, Tu Thanh

2016-01-01

released antimicrobials and resistance development. Small-scale farmers were at particular occupational health risks when handling antimicrobials and other chemicals, e.g. mixing medicated feed with bare hands. There is an urgent need to improve knowledge and use innovative approaches, e.g. private......-public partnerships, to assure a prudent use of chemicals, to improve capacity and access to disease diagnosis, particularly for small-scale grow-out farmers and nurseries. Efforts to control use of antimicrobials in aquaculture should be coordinated with the livestock and human health sectors taking an One-Health...

Efeito da estratégia de vida sobre as variações no conteúdo de energia de duas espécies de peixes (Brycon hilarii e Hypophthalmus edentatus, durante o ciclo reprodutivo = Effect of life strategy on the variations of energy content of two fish species (Brycon hilarii e Hypophthalmus edentatus during their reproductive cycle

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Vanessa Monteiro

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de investigar diferenças no conteúdo de energia durante o ciclo reprodutivo, foram selecionados 54 exemplares de Brycon hilarii (k-estrategista e 82 de Hypophthalmus edentatus (r-estrategista em amostragens realizadas mensalmente, entreoutubro de 2000 e março de 2004, no reservatório de Manso, Estado do Mato Grosso do Norte e em sua área de influência. Determinou-se, para cada indivíduo, o conteúdo calórico, em kcal g-1 de peso seco, com auxílio da bomba calorimétrica (Parr 1261 e, realizaram-se comparações entre os valores calóricos obtidos, o fator de condição (K e a relação gonadossomática. Observou-se que, em geral, os valores médios de K e do conteúdo calórico foram superiores nos machos das duas espécies analisadas, embora não tenham sidoidentificadas diferenças significativas entre os sexos. Constatou-se que os valores calóricos de H. edentatus foram superiores aos de B. hilarii, enquanto os valores do fator de condição foram contrários, apresentando-se superiores para B. hilarii. Diferenças significativas foram constatadas nas comparações realizadas entre o conteúdo energético e o fator de condição, de indivíduos de ambas as espécies. Enquanto B. hilarii apresentou as mais elevadas concentrações de energia nos músculos, durante o máximo desenvolvimento gonadal, emH. edentatus, isso ocorreu quando iniciava o processo de maturação gonadal. Os resultados descritos para cada espécie durante o ciclo reprodutivo permitem confirmar a hipótese de que as duas espécies de peixes, B. hilarii e H. edentatus, com diferentes estratégias de vida,acumulam e mobilizam energia de forma distinta durante o período de maturação gonadal.The aim of this work was to investigate differences in the energy content during reproductive cycle of two species of fish with different life strategies: Brycon hilarii (k-strategist and Hypophthalmus edentatus (r-strategist. Fifty-four samples of B. hilarii

ÉVALUATION ÉCONOMIQUE DES PLANS DE GESTION PISCICOLE.

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ARMAND C.

2002-04-01

Full Text Available En France, la gestion de la pêche en eau douce est généralement confiée aux associations de pêcheurs qui agissent sous le contrôle de l’Etat. Le Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche a développé une méthode synthétique d’élaboration de plans de gestion piscicole qui favorisent la reproduction naturelle et le maintien des populations sauvages. Ces plans s’appuient sur des opérations de protection des habitats et de restauration du milieu dont il convient d’évaluer la rentabilité sociale. Ce qui conduit à estimer la valeur du poisson sauvage (c’est à dire né dans le milieu naturel, de parents eux-mêmes sauvages. Cette valeur intègre deux composantes principales, une valeur d’usage qui dérive de la pratique de la pêche et une valeur de non-usage qui découle de son existence même et qui intéresse une population plus vaste que celle des seuls pêcheurs. Les bénéfices potentiels engendrés par la présence de poissons sauvages sont estimés par la méthode d’évaluation contingente. Les résultats empiriques sont basés sur un échantillon de 1 629 pêcheurs qui ont participé à une enquête postale. Le Consentement A Payer (CAP pour le poisson sauvage est une fonction croissante du revenu, de la valeur du matériel et de la distance parcourue pour pêcher. De plus on note que les amateurs de brochets et de truites (espèces repères de l’étude ainsi que ceux qui pêcheraient plus souvent s’il y avait du poisson sauvage ont, toutes choses égales, par ailleurs un CAP plus élevé. La valeur moyenne du CAP varie selon le modèle retenu de 50 F à 100 F par pêcheur et par an. Ce CAP correspond à un concept de valeur totale qui inclut une composante de valeur d’usage et de valeur de non-usage. Certains pêcheurs sont prêts à payer sans pour autant marquer une préférence pour la pêche au poisson sauvage. Leur CAP est associé à une valeur de non-usage et correspond à la valeur d’existence du poisson

L´Architecture Sauvage

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Baumeister, Ruth

Danish artist Asger Jorn (1914-1973) is internationally renowed as a proponent of Nordic art and for his activities as a member of Cobra and the Situationist International. Quite apart from his art, Jorn produced a remarkable quantity of writing on art, architecture and urbanism and engaged in di...

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF FISH CULTURE IN ABANDONED SAND MINING POOL

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Bambang Gunadi

2006-12-01

Full Text Available One of main problems in freshwater aquaculture development in Indonesia, especially in Java, is unavailability of developing zone. It is important to find an underutilized area that meets for industrial scale freshwater aquaculture, i.e. sufficient water supply, wide area, and located in one area or zone. The abandoned mining (sand, tin, etc. pools distributed along the country might be the potential area for freshwater aquaculture business. For example, there are at least 13 water pools with total surface area of 250 ha at 15 km side of Citarum River in Karawang District (West Java Province. This study was conducted to obtain preliminary data about the prospect and potency of fish culture (tilapia, clariid catfish, and ‘patin’ catfish in abandoned sand-mining pools in Karawang District. Mini floating net cages of 1 x 1 x 1.5 m3 size were used for culturing fish, i.e. patin catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, and clariid catfish (Clarias gariepinus, separately. Patin catfish were stocked at a size of 2 g with a density of 300 fish per cage, tilapia were stocked at a size of 6 g with a density of 400 fish per cage, while  the clariid catfish were stocked at a size of 1.4 g with a density of 980 fish per cage. A floating commercial feed (30%—32% protein, 3%—5% fat was used at a daily rate of 9% biomass weight at the beginning and reduced gradually to 3% at the final culture period. Observed data showed that patin catfish grew from the initial size of 2.08 g to the final size 299.59 g in 5 months, nile tilapia grew from individual initial size of 5.92 g to the final size of 247.12 g in 14 weeks, and clariid catfish grew from initial size of 1.39 g to the final size of 73.10 g in 8 weeks. These three species were technically prospective for aquaculture development in the abandoned sand-mining pools.

THE EFFECTIVITY TEST OF SHEEP RUMEN LIQUOR ENZYME ADDED TO PALM KERNEL MEAL ON ITS DECREASE OF CRUDE FIBER AND APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY COEFFICIENT FOR CATFISH Pangasius hypophthalmus DIET

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Wahyu Pamungkas

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the hydrolysis of fiber content in palm kernel meal (PKM by sheep rumen liquor enzyme and to know the apparent digestibility coefficient of hydrolyzed PKM for catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus. The first trial examined effectivity of sheep rumen liquor enzyme to decrease crude fiber content of PKM. The added volume of sheep rumen liquor enzyme was 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mL/kg PKM and then it was incubated for 0, 12, and 24 hours. A factorial completely randomized experimental design consisted of 2 variables and triplicates were selected. The second trial was conducted to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients of hydrolized PKM for catfish. Apparent digestibility coefficients were determined using chromic oxide indicator added to both reference and test diets. The feed ingredients used in the trial were hydrolyzed PKM (PKMe and unhydrolyzed PKM (PKM. Ten fishes with weighing around 20 g were used in the trial and held in 80 l tanks. Feces were collected from three replicate groups of fish using a fecal collection column attached to fish rearing tank. PKM hydrolyzed with 100 mL/kg and incubated for 24 hour showed the lowest crude fiber content (6.99% among the treatments (P<0.05. Apparent digestibility coefficient of hydrolyzed PKM was 57.57% compared with unhydrolyzed PKM 15.31%. Based on the evaluation in those parameters it was concluded that sheep rumen liquor enzyme added to PKM was effective to decrease crude fiber content of PKM and improve apparent digestibility coefficient of PKM for catfish.

Efeito da estratégia de vida sobre as variações no conteúdo de energia de duas espécies de peixes (Brycon hilarii e Hypophthalmus edentatus, durante o ciclo reprodutivo - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v29i2.521 Effect of life strategy on the variations of energy content of two fish species (Brycon hilarii e Hypophthalmus edentatus during their reproductive cycle - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v29i2.521

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Evanilde Benedito

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de investigar diferenças no conteúdo de energia durante o ciclo reprodutivo, foram selecionados 54 exemplares de Brycon hilarii (k-estrategista e 82 de Hypophthalmus edentatus (r-estrategista em amostragens realizadas mensalmente, entre outubro de 2000 e março de 2004, no reservatório de Manso, Estado do Mato Grosso do Norte e em sua área de influência. Determinou-se, para cada indivíduo, o conteúdo calórico, em kcal g-1 de peso seco, com auxílio da bomba calorimétrica (Parr 1261 e, realizaram-se comparações entre os valores calóricos obtidos, o fator de condição (K e a relação gonadossomática. Observou-se que, em geral, os valores médios de K e do conteúdo calórico foram superiores nos machos das duas espécies analisadas, embora não tenham sido identificadas diferenças significativas entre os sexos. Constatou-se que os valores calóricos de H. edentatus foram superiores aos de B. hilarii, enquanto os valores do fator de condição foram contrários, apresentando-se superiores para B. hilarii. Diferenças significativas foram constatadas nas comparações realizadas entre o conteúdo energético e o fator de condição, de indivíduos de ambas as espécies. Enquanto B. hilarii apresentou as mais elevadas concentrações de energia nos músculos, durante o máximo desenvolvimento gonadal, em H. edentatus, isso ocorreuquando iniciava o processo de maturação gonadal. Os resultados descritos para cada espécie durante o ciclo reprodutivo permitem confirmar a hipótese de que as duas espécies de peixes, B. hilarii e H. edentatus, com diferentes estratégias de vida, acumulam e mobilizam energia de forma distinta durante o período de maturação gonadal.The aim of this work was to investigate differences in the energy content during reproductive cycle of two species of fish with different life strategies: Brycon hilarii (k-strategist and Hypophthalmus edentatus (r-strategist. Fifty-four samples of B. hilarii

Solving conformal contacts using multi-Hertzian techniques

Science.gov (United States)

Pascal, Jean-Pierre; Soua, Brahim

2016-06-01

Recently, publications aiming at wheel-rail contact surveys let readers think that multi-Hertzian methods present severe drawbacks with respect to 'virtual penetration' methods. These surveys criticise multi-Hertzian solutions mainly because presenting 'larger contacts overlaps' and 'frequent secondary contacts near the border of the first contact', both obvious geometric possibilities of which the practical occurrence and eventual inconvenience would remain purely theoretical unless established over definite methods demonstrating poor practical results. Recent surveys all quote Piotrowski-Chollet 2005 survey of wheel-rail contact models that attempted to illustrate defective multi-Hertzian techniques by concentrating on the method initiated by Sauvage in the 1990s and further developed by Pascal. The 2005 paper not only gives no evidence of practical inconveniences of Sauvage's method but also confuses static geometric contact overlaps with the dynamical overlapping of forces. In reality it mixes Sauvage method up with a quite different technique. Thus a clarification is now necessary by reminding what the proper Sauvage technique really is and by showing some of its practical successful applications. The present paper, focusing on determination of normal contact forces in conformal situations, intends to explain clearly the advantages of the unequivocal localisation of secondary ellipses in that multi-Hertzian method which has been developed in INRETS VOCO codes in the 1990s and successfully used by SNCF and ALSTOM in the INRETS-SNCF code, VOCODYM, and later in Pascal's online calculation of railway elastic contacts code. It proved its effectiveness for studying freight wagons derailments as well as rail wear and head-check, unrounded wheels wear, high-speed lines' deformations or TGV comfort. While simulating American ACELA trainsets' behaviour on the US North-East Corridor tracks, prior to actual tests, as part of the commercial contract. It has been also a

Two-year intervention trial to control of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes in giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) and striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) in nursery ponds in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Madsen, Henry; Thien, P. C.; Nga, H. T. N.

2015-01-01

Fish-borne zoonotic trematode parasites (FZT) pose a food safety and public health problem in Vietnam. The transmission cycle is complex as domestic animals, especially dogs, cats, fish-eating birds and pigs together with humans serve as reservoir hosts and contribute to FZT egg contamination of ...

Development of Digestive Enzyme of Patin Pangasius hypohthalmus Larvae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I. Effendi

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Culture of patin Pangasius hypophthalmus especially larval rearing  very depends on the supply of natural food as energy source.  Artemia is the main natural food for fish larvae as a starter food, but its price is high.  To reduce production cost, farmers tend to reduce the feeding frequency and shorten  the Artemia feeding period.  Altering feeding regime however may reduce fry quality. This relate to the availability of digestive enzymes.  The objective of this study was  to examine digestive enzymes activity in patin larvae fed with  different feeding regime.  By shorten feeding period with Artemia to 2-4 days and Tubifex,substitution, the enzymes activity of protease, lipase and amylase were revealed similar pattern   The enzymes activity tends to increase and reach the peak at day 7 , and decrease later on until day 15 after hatching.  Survival rate of fish were varied for each treatment, and the highest survival rate was obtained when larvae were fed by Artemia for 8 days.  Blood worm were not fully digested by patin larvae at early stage. Keywords: enzyme, digestion, patin, Pangasius hypophthalmus   ABSTRAK Proses budidaya ikan patin, Pangasius hypophthalmus terutama pembenihan sangat tergantung oleh ketersediaan pakan alami sebagai sumber energinya. Artemia merupakan pakan alami yang banyak diberikan pada saat larva ikan mulai makan, namun harganya relatif tinggi. Untuk menekan biaya produksi, petani ikan patin cenderung mengurangi frekuensi pemberian Artemia dan mempersingkat waktu pemberiannya. Penggeseran jadwal ini diduga mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas benih ikan patin yang dihasilkan yang berhubungan dengan kesiapan enzim pencernaannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas enzim pada larva ikan patin dengan jadwal pemberian pakan yang berbeda. Dengan memotong waktu pemberian Artemia 2 - 4 hari dan disubstitusi dengan Tubifex, aktifitas enzim protease, lipase dan amilase pada larva ikan patin, memiliki

Gestion génétique des populations naturelles de poissons

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

1989-07-01

Il propose un ertain nombre de mesures simples permettant de conserver pendant un période relativement longue (20 à 30 ans des populations produisants des sujets de repeuplement "génétiquement proches" des individus sauvages de la population d'origine.

2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Conferring Molecular Machines as ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the year 2016 was awardedto three illustrious chemists, Professors Jean-Pierre Sauvage,Sir Fraser Stoddart, and Ben Feringa. Pioneering works ofthese chemists on designing molecules, chemically synthesizingthem, and extracting a work out of such designedmoleculesopen-up a new ...

435-IJBCS-Article-Prof E D Fiogbe

African Journals Online (AJOL)

User

occupées par de nombreux dépotoirs sauvages d'ordures ménagères. Les interventions ..... Tableau 1: Quantités de déchets solides et liquides recueillies. Lieu de provenance ..... réglementaires pour assurer une gestion durable des ...

1646-IJBCS-Article-Romaric Ehinnou

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

Toute la faune sauvage des bois sacrés est considérée comme menacée de disparition. On peut citer en priorité. Trionomys swinderianus,. Varanus exanthematicus,. Varanus niliticus, Python sebae, Dendrohyrax dorsalis, Manis tricuspide, Ourebia ourebi,. Cercopithecus chlorocebus, Aethiops tantalus,. Colobus vellerosus ...

Indicateurs de biodiversité dans les exploitations agricoles biologiques et conventionnelles des Vallées et Coteaux de Gascogne, cas d’étude français du projet européen BIOBIO.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sarthou, J.P.; Choisis, J.P.; Amossé, A.; Jongman, R.H.G.

2013-01-01

Dans le cadre du projet européen BIOBIO, nous avons comparé entre pays les richesses en habitats et richesses spécifiques cumulées de quatre groupes taxonomiques (plantes, abeilles sauvages, araignées, vers de terre), de 169 exploitations biologiques ou conventionnelles appartenant à 10 pays. Pour

2018-02-16T09:03:05Z https://www.ajol.info/index.php/all/oai oai:ojs ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Key Words: Banana, interspecific hybridisation, ploidy level, RAPD Résumé Les bananes cultivées obtenues par hybridation interspécifique de deux diploides sauvages (2n=2x=22), Musa acuminata and M. balbisiana étaient les donneurs des génomes A et B, respectivement. La plupart des bananes cultivées sont ...

Corbula trigona

African Journals Online (AJOL)

PR BOKO

alimentation, la croissance et la reproduction dans le but d'améliorer les méthodes et les techniques de ce type d'élevage. [2]. Ainsi, l'on est passé d'un élevage reposant sur une alimentation exclusivement à base de végétaux sauvages et cultivés [3] ...

LALIGENS

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ESSOH GRACE

10 mai 2015 ... peu longues et quelquefois sans subordination. Considérons cependant deux des romans d'Ahmadou Kourouma dont ANPO et EALVDBS. Dorénavant les abréviations ANPO et EALVDBS feront références respectivement aux romans Allah n'est pas obligé et En attendant les votes des bêtes sauvages.

: tous les projets | Page 301 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Programme: Alimentation, environnement et santé. Financement total : CA$ 642,600.00. Prévision et prévention de zoonoses émergentes chez les animaux sauvages. Projet. Les zoonoses émergentes et résurgentes au Brésil à l'heure actuelle sont le fait d'interactions complexes entre les systèmes naturels et humains.

Villes résilientes : aider les citadins vulnérables à s'adapter aux ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

6 mars 2018 ... Phone Credit: Mads Nissen / Panos. Alors que les villes s'étendent, le changement climatique exacerbe le stress exercé sur les collectivités pauvres déjà mises à l'épreuve par la croissance sauvage et l'insuffisance des services municipaux. Bon nombre de ces endroits faisant partie des centres urbains ...

Synthèse des activités biologiques et de l'utilisation de Tridax ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Tridax procumbens, une plante sauvage considérée comme une espèce envahissante, est largement utilisée en médecine traditionnelle à cause de ces multiples vertus thérapeutiques. Ainsi, de nombreux chercheurs ont valorisé les extraits de cette plante en production animale et en médecine traditionnelle. En effet, des ...

1676-IJBCS-Article-Alexandre Dassi

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

Dioscorea praehensilis est une igname sauvage apparentée aux ignames cultivées du complexe D. cayenensis-D. rotundata qui évolue en populations naturelles dans les forêts du Sud et du Centre-Bénin. Pour identifier les sites propices à la préservation in situ de ses populations naturelles et de sa diversité génétique,.

Une percée qui permet de fournir toute une industrie en petits ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

28 oct. 2010 ... Au cours des années 1970 et 1980, le CRDI a consenti un soutien technique et financier appréciable à ces travaux. ... En outre, le centre a enseigné à des pêcheurs qui récoltent des alevins sauvages de meilleures méthodes de manipulation et de transport de ces petits organismes de 1,5 cm de longueur, ...

Au Kenya, des oiseaux nuisent à une culture adaptée au climat ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

23 août 2013 ... KITUI, Kenya (Thomson Reuters Foundation) – Le gadam, une variété de sorgho à croissance rapide résistante à la sécheresse, a été introduit au Kenya comme solution d'adaptation aux changements climatiques. Or, il se trouve que le gadam comporte un inconvénient imprévu : les oiseaux sauvages ...

Chacun à sa place, une place pour chacun/There's room for everybody - in the right place !

CERN Multimedia

2003-01-01

Au CERN le stationnement sauvage a fait sa place. Le quatrième et dernier volet de la campagne pour la sécurité routière au CERN est consacré aux problèmes de stationnement./Indiscriminate parking is becoming more and more prevalent at CERN. The fourth and final part of the road-safety campaign CERN is devoted to parking problems.

Algérie

African Journals Online (AJOL)

PR BOKO

Le fruit est une baie ovale, sèche et lisse. C'est une plante ayant des qualités et des propriétés stimulantes antiseptiques et insecticides. Il sert à la fabrication des parfums. Rosmarinus officinalis est retrouvée même à l'état sauvage. Il peut être cultivé. La position systématique de cette espèce est : Ordre. Lamiales. Famille.

Evidence d'une recombinaison génomique entre deux espèces de ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

13ème colloque de l'ASIC, Paipa,. Colombie. pp. 474-484. Baranski O., 1997. Participation à l'évaluation des ressources génétiques caféières : étude des caractères morphologiques, phénologiques et de la fertilité de 29 taxons de caféiers sauvages africains, situation des taxons indéterminés originaires du Cameroun et ...

Regain d'intérêt pour les aliments traditionnels | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

28 oct. 2010 ... Les chercheurs ont aussi découvert que le riche patrimoine culinaire du Liban recelait la clé d'une meilleure nutrition. Ils ont étudié la valeur nutritive de plus de 40 plantes sauvages et de mets traditionnels préparés à partir de ces plantes. Récemment formées à la préparation d'aliments devant être ...

Biotechnological Approcahes to Crop Improvement in the Dry Areas ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

La technologie ADN non radioactive est utilisée pour établir des systèmes de sélection basée sur des marqueurs. Des techniques in vitro sont utilisées pour surmonter la barrière des espèces afin d'introduire des caractéristiques agronomiques d'espèces sauvages dans des cultivars adaptés. La reproduction diploïde est ...

MOTUS, MEUTE, ÉMEUTE: FORMES DU MOUVEMENT SAUVAGE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diogo Sardinha

2015-07-01

Full Text Available L'article traite de la politique comme un mouvement ou flux de soulèvement indescriptible en termes d'identité, car elle est distincte de la stabilisation et de la domination du pouvoir constitué. L'article analyse l'ordre et le désordre, la raison et les émeutes, le gouvernement et la révolte, de la police et de la politique en vue de réfléchir sur l'identité comme une normalisation. De différents auteurs, le texte aborde les sujets suivants: 1. Une comparaison historique; 2. Espace mystique et de l'espace logique: Wittgenstein Althusser et 3. Désidentification: l '"Je est un autre” à “ni moi, ni l'autre".

1588-IJBCS-Article-Gaulbert Nteme

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

de laboratoire. Nos résultats montrent que les viandes d'aulacodes femelles et mâles ne diffèrent significativement qu'au niveau de la fraction minérale car il ressort que, leurs teneurs en protéines, en eau et en matière grasse sont sensiblement égales. D'un point de vue général, la viande d'aulacode sauvage, comparée à.

New records of snakes (Reptilia: Squamata) in Minas Gerais, Brazil

OpenAIRE

Moura, Mario; Pirani, Renata; Silva, Vinícius

2013-01-01

We report new records of three poorly-known species of snakes in Minas Gerais: Bothrops lutzi (Miranda- Ribeiro, 1915), Psomophis joberti (Sauvage, 1884), and Trilepida brasiliensis (Laurent, 1949). The new records represent important filling gaps for all three species or even southern extensions in the geographic distribution of B. lutzi and P. joberti. The new records are located in areas indicated as priority regions for biodiversity conservation in Cerrado. Maps of known records of these ...

Proceedings of a study tour, conference and workshop in Sweden, 5-10 June 1994

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aronsson, P.; Perttu, K.

1994-01-01

The present proceeding is the result of an international meeting within the frame of the International Energy Agency/Biomass Agreement (IAEA/BA) Task VIII through the activities of ''Biological disposal of waste matters and sludges'' and ''Ecological/biological balances and conservation''. The papers include municipal waste maters and sauvage sludges uses and treatments; heavy metals tolerance, uptake and accumulation, restoration of vegetations, wastewater treatment using willow vegetation filters; wastewater recycling and biofuel utilization

Etude ethnobotanique des plantes alimentaires utilisées en période ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

La période de soudure est celle pendant laquelle les stocks de céréales sont épuisés et les prochaines récoltes ne sont pas encore prêtes. Au Mali (Afrique de l'Ouest), elle varie d'août à septembre. Pendant cette période, les communautés locales utilisent les plantes sauvages comme aliment. L'objectif de la présente ...

Une approche écosanté pour le contrôle de la fièvre de la vallée du ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

17 août 2016 ... La fièvre de la vallée du Rift est une maladie grave qui se transmet par la piqûre d'un moustique qui infecte l'être humain, le bétail et les animaux sauvages. De plus, les êtres humains peuvent contracter la maladie par tout contact avec des animaux infectés. La maladie s'est répandue dans toute l'Afrique ...

Collisions entre véhicules et animaux en liberté : état des lieux à partir d'une enquête au sein de la police

OpenAIRE

Lehaire, François; Morelle, Kevin; Lejeune, Philippe

2013-01-01

Les accidents de la route impliquant des animaux sauvages sont de plus en plus nombreux. En se basant sur les données recueillies par les zones de police en Wallonie, il est possible d’avoir une vision plus claire de la problématique. Dans le cas du cerf et du sanglier, il apparaît clairement que la hausse des accidents est liée à l’augmentation de leurs populations.

Les femmes assurent la préservation de l'arganeraie aux portes du ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

1 nov. 2010 ... L'arganier (Argania spinosa) est un arbre endémique au Maroc, où il constitue la deuxième essence forestière. Il peut vivre de 150 à 200 ans et est très résistant à la chaleur et à la sécheresse. L'arganier pousse à l'état sauvage et en abondance dans les régions arides et semi-arides du sud-ouest ...

Die Kunst der Projektion. Romantik und Dekonstruktion in den Filmen André Téchinés

OpenAIRE

Merlin, Dieter

2012-01-01

Thema der vorliegenden Untersuchung sind die Dekonstruktionsmechanismen, mit deren Hilfe metaphysisch begründete Liebeskonzeptionen in den Filmen des französischen Post-Nouvelle-Vague-Regisseurs André Téchiné (geb. 1943) einer kinematographischen Kritik unterworfen werden. Diese Mechanismen werden anhand einer Auswahl von fünf Filmen – HÔTEL DES AMÉRIQUES (1981), LES ROSEAUX SAUVAGES (1994), LES VOLEURS (1996), LOIN (2001) und LES TEMPS QUI CHANGENT (2004) – sowohl unter ästhetisch-formalen a...

Etude s?ro-?pid?miologique de la leishmaniose canine au centre du Maroc

OpenAIRE

Fellah, Hajiba; Doughmi, Oursula; Maniar, Sa?d; Lalami, Abdelhakim El Ouali

2014-01-01

Dans le monde, la leishmaniose visc?rale humaine est connue pour avoir comme principale source d'infection les Canid?s domestiques et sauvages. Au centre du Maroc, les donn?es ?pid?miologiques, cliniques et parasitologiques sur la leishmaniose canine, sont quasiment inexistantes. Ce travail traite une ?tude prospective au cours de laquelle 61 s?rums canins ont ?t? analys?s par un test rapide et par l'immunofluorescence indirecte. La sensibilit? du test rapide par rapport ? celle de l'immunofl...

Composition nutritionnelle de 10 fruits sauvages consommés dans ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In the Sahel, wild fruits are still under collection by rural people in order to sell them, for their economic purpose, and integrate them in their diet. Chemical methods were used for the determination of the nutritional value of these fruits. It appears that dried fruits had the highest carbohydrate (the fruits of Hyphaene thebaica ...

Culture de trois espèces fongiques sauvages comestibles du ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Des essais de culture de trois souches de trois espèces de champignons lignicoles comestibles: Pleurotus cystidiosus O.K. Miller, Lentinus cladopus Lév. et Marasmius buzungolo Singer isolées sur milieu gélosé PDA et dont les mycéliums ont été repiqués sur substrats de semis de grains de maïs et de sciure de bois ont ...

Etude de la diversite genetique de l'igname sauvage Dioscorea ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

analysis show that the cultivars differ genetically from both the wild allopatric and sympatric of the zone and those collected in the Pendjari National Park. La diversité génétique de deux populations de Dioscorea abyssinica, estimée par les marqueurs AFLP, récoltées dans la forêt classée de l'Ouémé supérieur et le parc ...

Autocrine and Paracrine Hh Signaling Regulate Prostate Development

Science.gov (United States)

2010-09-01

Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6, 306–317 7. Wang, B. E., Shou, J., Ross, S., Koeppen, H., De Sauvage, F. J., and Gao, W. Q. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 18506...and Placzek, M. (2006) Nat. Rev. Genet. 7, 841–850 13. Callahan, C. A., Ofstad, T., Horng, L.,Wang, J. K., Zhen, H. H., Coulombe , P. A., and Oro, A. E...Albig, A. R., and Schiemann, W. P. (2005)Mol. Biol. Cell 16, 609–625 45. Olsen, M. W., Ley , C. D., Junker, N., Hansen, A. J., Lund, E. L., and Krist

Association "Les Simples"

OpenAIRE

Thouzery, Michel

2014-01-01

Fondée par les producteurs du Syndicat Inter-Massifs pour la Production et l’Économie des Simples (S.I.M.P.L.E.S), l’association base son action sur la recherche et le maintien d’une production de qualité (herboristerie et préparations à base de plantes) qui prend en compte le respect de l’environnement et la pérennité des petits producteurs en zone de montagne. Actions de formation Stages de découverte de la flore médicinale sauvage, Stages de culture et transformation des plantes médicinale...

SYSTEMATIC REVISION OF THE GENERA OF PANGASIIDAE (SILURIFORMES, OSTARIOPHYSI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rudhy Gustiano

2008-06-01

Full Text Available The family Pangasiidae belongs to the suborder Siluroidei, order Siluriformes, and suborder Ostariophysi. Since the groups were established as Pangasiini Bleeker, 1858; its content and classification have been greatly changed. Judging from the literature, the main constraint to cultivate wild species and to optimize the production of cultured species is needed to the poorly documented systematics of this family. Therefore the objective of the present study is to provide the diagnostic characters and the keys for identification the genera of Pangasiidae. The results clearly demonstrate that biometrically four natural groups can be distinguished. They are the genus Helicophagus, Pangasianodon, Pteropangasius, and Pangasius. The diagnosis of the family, the identification key of the genera and the description are given.

The sign of Kanaimà, the space of Guayana and the demonology of development

OpenAIRE

Whitehead, Neil L.

2017-01-01

Cet essai explore la façon dont le complexe shamanique du Kanaimá devient une représentation centrale du sauvage tant dans les sociétés nationales que coloniales du nord-est de l’Amérique du Sud. En association avec le signe cannibale, Kanaimá est utilisé pour bâtir une vision de Majesté Satanique en Amazonie. Cette vision de Majesté Satanique tenant sous son pouvoir les cultures indigènes est à son tour utilisée pour produire une démonologie du développement. Cette démonologie présente la tr...

Artaud et les Tarahumaras

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marta Mariasole Raimondi

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Ce film propose des scènes de vie des Tarahumaras, une ethnie originaire du Mexique installée dans le territoire de l'Etat de Chiuahua, dans un milieu montagneux très sauvage. La caméra reprend les danses et les rites de ces mangeurs de peyotl d'un regard rapide et saccadé primant des cadrages de détail où prédominent les pieds, pour nous montrer ces corps d'homme et de femme en mouvement, courant, dansant, bondissant au milieu des leurs éléments naturels : rocailles, rivières, rochers, sans...

Chapitre I. Le milieu écologique des îles marquises

OpenAIRE

Kellum-Ottino, Marimari

2013-01-01

Isolées, massives, escarpées, inhospitalières, les Marquises sont empreintes d’une majesté sauvage qui pèse et écrase. Nulle part en Polynésie n'existe un archipel semblable. Les îles Marquises, situées dans le Pacifique Central, sont isolées de tous les autres archipels. Tahiti se trouve à 800 milles au sud-ouest, les Tuamotu les plus septentrionales à 300 milles au sud et au sud-ouest, et Hawaii à plus de 2 000 milles au nord-ouest. A l’intérieur de l’archipel, les dix îles qui le composent...

Le cosmopolitisme : enjeux et débats contemporains

OpenAIRE

Chung, Ryoa; Nootens, Geneviève

2018-01-01

Nous vivons dans un monde trouble. Pourtant, cet ouvrage est consacré à l’idéal cosmopolitique. Notre lot contemporain de tragédies humaines tributaire des conflits armés, des désastres naturels, de l’inégalité abyssale entre les uns et les autres ainsi que des représentations idéologiques de toute obédience (de l’intégrisme fanatique à l’impérialisme éhonté, en passant par le capitalisme le plus sauvage) n’est sans doute pas unique au XXIe siècle débutant. Mais il n’en demeure pas moins que ...

241 Culture de trois espèces fongiques sauvages comestibles du ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

inflorescences mâles de palmier de palmier à huile trempés dans l'eau de distribution ... agricole par la mise en culture d'espèces fongiques comestibles par des ..... mycélienne est en rapport avec le rendement ou l'efficacité biologique.

Conservation et restauration de la flore dans un contexte anthropisé, quelles solutions ?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MALAVAL, Sandra

2015-07-01

Full Text Available La montagne est un milieu naturel fragile. Un aménagement n’y est jamais sans incidences environnementales – dégradation des sols et des couverts végétaux – et après perturbation, les pelouse naturelles d'altitude ont besoin de temps pour retrouver un équilibre. Depuis plus de dix ans, dans les Pyrénées, les gestionnaires et les aménageurs montagnards développent l'utilisation des semences sauvages et locales pour les revégétalisations en altitude : une approche basée sur la préservation et la valorisation de la biodiversité associant praticiens, gestionnaires de milieux et scientifiques.

Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi minyak dari kulit ikan patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nurjanah .

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Catfish is playing an important role in aquaculture production; it is one of the primary commodities of inlandfisheries industry. Catfish meat has a yield of 49% and resulted in 51% of waste products. Thus catfish waste product has potency as source of fish oil which riches of omega-3. The Purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitable extaction method to obtain the high quality of fish oil from catfish skin. Based on the oxidative quality analysis data obtained extraction temperature of 60°C gives the best quality of fish oil with parameters such as peroxide value, free fatty acid, p-anisidine value, acid value and total oxidation of 38 meq/kg, 0.45%, 107,5 meq/kg, 895 mg KOH/kg and 187.5, respectively. The best yield was 18.75% which was obtained at extraction temperature of 75 °C. It was concluded that best extraction at 60°C, for 30 minutes, with solvent and sample ratio 1:1.

Sistem Resirkulasi Air Terkendali pada Pembenihan ikan Patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus

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Umi Hanifah

2007-06-01

Full Text Available This research was conducted to design a controlled fish hatchery system. This research dealt win 1 Designs of water recirculation and filtration system, 2 Water level control system, and 3 Tests of recirculation end filtration system for fish hatchery. Recirculation system was built in an insulated room with dimension of 6 x 4 x 3 m, used six aquariums, a sedimentation tank, a filtration unit, a water supply tank, a submersible pump and pipe with 1.25 cm in diameter. Multilayer horizontal filtration unit was used. The system consisted of mechanical filter layer, biological filter layer, and chemical filter layer. On-off controller was designed to control the pump. Pressure sensor model HTVN-100KP was used to detect the water level. The water level controller could control filtration process successfully. This water recirculation system was appropriated for practical uses. This system could decrease water use and saved energy considerably.

Distribution and numbers of the wild boar population in south eastern Poland

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Fonseca, C.

2002-12-01

Full Text Available By using both plot sampling and line intercept snow track index, the population density and numbers of wild boar in Bieszczady Mountains and Bieszczady Foothills was estimated during February 2000. The total number of wild boar inhabiting the study area (140.4 thousands ha of forest was equal to 655 animals with an average population density of 4.66 wild boar per 1000 ha, ranging from 0.0 (Forest Districts of Cisna and Wetlina to 23.21 individuals/1000 ha (Krasiczyn Forest District. The low density of wild boar in Bieszczady Mountains is caused by the high wolf prédation and overharvest rate. The recomendation is to stop wild boar hunting in Bieszczady Mountains during the next 4 hunting seasons, and to use the harvest rate equal to 30% of the population size in February.

[fr]
En février 2000, nous avons estimé la densité de population et le nombre de sangliers sauvages dans les montagnes Bieszczady et les collines Bieszczady. Pour cela, un index des empreintes sur la neige interceptant une ligne ainsi que des parcelles d'échantillonage ont été utilisées. Le nombre total de sangliers habitant dans la zone d'étude -140.400 ha de forêts- s'élevait à 655 animais; la densité moyenne de population était de 4,66 sangliers sauvages par 1000 ha, chiffre oscillant entre 0,0 (Districts Forestiers de Cisna et Wetlina et 23,21 individus par 1000 ha (District de Krasiczyn. La très basse densité de sangliers sauvages dans les Montagnes Bieszczady est sans doute la conséquence de la forte prédation par le loup et de la chasse importante. Les auteurs proposent d'arrêter la chasse dans les Montagnes Bieszczady durant les 4 saisons suivantes et de limiter le taux d'extraction à 30% du niveau de la population en février.
[es]
Durante febrero de 2000, en las montañas Bieszczady y sus estribaciones, se estimó la densidad poblacional y número de jabalíes por medio del índice de intercepción lineal de huellas en nieve

Can air-breathing fish be adapted to higher than present temperatures?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bayley, Mark

Air-breathing in fish is thought to have evolved in environments at lower than present oxygen levels and higher than present temperatures raising the question of whether extant species are adapted to recent temperature regimes or living at sub-optimal temperatures. The air-breathing Pangasionodon...... hypophthalmus inhabits the Mekong river system covering two climate zones during its life cycle and migrating more than 2000 km from hatching in northern Laos to its adult life in the southern delta region. It is a facultative air-breather with well-developed gills and air-breathing organ and an unusual...... circulatory bauplan. Here we examine the question of its optimal temperature through aspects of its cardio respiratory physiology including temperature effects on blood oxygen binding, ventilation and blood gasses, stereological measures of cardiorespiratory system, metabolic rate and growth. Comparing...

THE GROWTH OF PATIN Pangasiodon hypophthalmus IN A CLOSE SYSTEM TANK

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Taufik Ahmad

2007-06-01

Full Text Available This experiment aimed to evaluate the possibility of using integrated recirculation production system for patin grow-out. Each of twelve concrete 2.5 m x 4.0 m x 1.0 m tanks filled to 0.73 m depth was stocked with 100 juvenile patin, 9-10g body weight. Six tanks were equipped with sand and palm (Arenga pinata fibre filters planted with vegetables, lettuce and kangkoong. A submersible pump was installed in each tank to assure continuous water recirculation at the rate of 0.4 L sec-1. The filtered water flowed into the tank at the surface (SC treatment, or at the bottom (BC treatment. In the other 6 tanks, the water flowed continuously from a concrete canal in an open culture system at a similar rate and with similar water entrance positions (SO and BO treatments. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The fish were fed dry pelleted feed to satiation and sampled every other week for growth observation. After 90 days, the average individual weight of the fish attained the range of 80-100 g. The fish grew significantly faster (P0.05 among treatment, ranging from 99% to 100%. In terms of water usage, the closed system tanks produced fish weighing 202.38–220.05 g m-3, much more efficiently than did the open system tanks, 1.87–1.89 g/m3. The vegetables, either lettuce or water spinach, grew well on the filter. These results suggest that the integrated recirculation tank system is suitable for patin culture.

Lois et règlements sur la faune sauvage à Madagascar : Progrès ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

A revision of the protected species list managed is needed however to (i) include marine mammals that are protected by fisheries law and the Convention on Migratory Species and to (ii) better reflect the rights of people whose livelihoods rely heavily on the income or protein derived from hunting animals. Renewed effort to ...

Avaliação do desembarque pesqueiro efetuado em Manacapuru, Amazonas, Brasil Evaluation of the Manacapuru fishing landings, Amazonas State, Brazil

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Cristiano Gonçalves

2008-01-01

Full Text Available A atividade comercial pesqueira na Amazônia Central é predominantemente direcionada para Manaus, porém o perfil das atividades pesqueiras efetuadas nos demais centros também é fundamental para o planejamento do setor. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho visa caracterizar o perfil da produção pesqueira que abastece a cidade de Manacapuru, um dos principais centros urbanos da Amazônia Central. Os desembarques ocorreram a partir de canoas a remo, canoas motorizadas, barcos de pesca e recreios. A média mensal de pescado desembarcado foi de 175,36 ± 39,50 t em 2001 e de 172,13 ± 18,88 t em 2002, não apresentando diferença significativa entre anos (P>0,05. Dos 35 nomes específicos comuns registrados, observa-se que curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans, jaraquis (Semaprochilodus spp., cubiu (Anodus spp., mapará (Hypophthalmus spp., e tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum foram os itens mais importantes nos dois anos, e piramutaba (Brachyplatystoma vaillantii em 2002. Sete sub-regiões foram visitadas pela frota pesqueira, destacando-se Baixo-Solimões e o rio Purus.The fishing commercial activity in Central Amazonia is mainly addressed for Manaus, even so the characteristics of the fishing activities directed to other important urban centers in the region are also fundamental for the planning of the sector. In this context, the present work seeks to characterize the profile of the fishing production that lands in the city of Manacapuru, one of the main urban centers of Central Amazon. Fish landings were done from non-motorized canoes, motorized canoes, fishing ships and pleasure boats. The monthly average of landed fish was of 175,36 ± 39,50 ton in 2001 and of 172,13 ± 18,88 ton in 2002, not presenting significant difference among years (P>0,05. Of the 35 registered common species names, it is observed that curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans, jaraquis (Semaprochilodus spp., cubiu (Anodus spp., mapará (Hypophthalmus spp., and tambaqui (Colossoma

EVALUASI REPRODUKSI TIGA POPULASI IKAN PATIN SIAM Pangasionodon hypophthalmus PADA GENERASI KEDUA

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Sularto Sularto

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui keragaan trait reproduksi ikan patin siam generasi F-1. Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah tiga populasi patin siam hasil seleksi pada tahun 2004. Ikan dipelihara dalam jaring yang ditempatkan dalam kolam 6.000 m2 dengan kedalaman antara 1,25-1,5 m. Pakan berupa pelet komersial dengan kadar protein 28% diberikan sebanyak 2% bobot biomassa/hari. Parameter yang diamati adalah perkembangan gonad, fekunditas, fertilitas, dan daya tetas. Parameter pendukung adalah kualitas air dan tingkat curah hujan. Pengamatan perkembangan gonad dilakukan setiap bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan patin populasi Sukamandi mempunyai fekunditas tertinggi yaitu 201.319 butir/kg induk diikuti oleh populasi Jakarta 163.348 butir dan populasi Sukabumi 132.340 butir. Nilai indeks ovosomatik tertinggi terdapat pada populasi Sukamandi sebesar 16,52%, diikuti populasi Jakarta 14,63% dan populasi Sukabumi 10,79%. Diameter oosit terbesar terdapat pada populasi Jakarta yaitu 1,08 mm; demikian pula panjang larva tertinggi pada populasi Jakarta yaitu 3,79 mm. Derajat fertilitas tertinggi terdapat pada populasi Sukamandi yaitu 67,88%; sedangkan derajat penetasan tertinggi terdapat pada populasi Sukabumi yaitu 96,67%.

Isolation of bacterial fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila and therapeutic effects of medicinal plants on its invasion

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Md. Tareq-Uz-Zaman

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Aeromonas hydrophila, a bacterial pathogen, was isolated form Pangasius hypophthalmus. For pathogenicity test, different doses were injected intramuscularly in Barbonymus gonionotus. Crude extracts were prepared from various parts Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, C. zedoaria, and Callotropis gigentia and applied to B. gonionotus for 7 days. Bath treatment was done up to their tolerance level and well ventilation was confirmed for aeration and 50% water was exchanged daily. Minimum inhibitory dose was detected as 7 mg/ml. High inhibitory effect was observed in case of A. indica and mixed extract of A. indica and C. gigentia. Both A. indica and C. gigentia showed the best result with 90-95% recovery of infected fish at a dose of 7 mg/l. C. zedoaria showed moderate to weak effect with 50-60% recovery at the same dose. The present study showed that medicinal plants would be an effective control measure against A. hydrophila.

Critical oxygen tension and the effect of hypoxia on the oxygen consumption of the striped catfish, Pangasius hypophthaimos (Pangasiidae)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lefevre, S.; Bayley, Mark; Wang, Tobias

2008-01-01

The striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) is an air-breathing teleost that uses a modified swim bladder for aerial gas exchange. Pangasius is of enormous importance for aquaculture industry in the Mekong Delta(Vietnam), but little is known about its physiology. We have initiated a series...... consumption (VO2), measured with intermittent closed respirometry, was 67.8 ± 5.1 mLO2/kg/h when the fish were maintained without access to air at 27 °C. The critical oxygen tension (Pcrit) at these conditions was 57.9 ± 8.9 mmHg (N = 7). The metabolic response to aquatic hypoxia was studied in fish subjected....... The ontogenetic effect of environmental PO2 on metabolism is currently under investigation with fish being reared in 30%, 60% and 100% saturation. Data on resting VO2and Pcrit will be presented and discussed for these animals....

Méthodologie de l'étude endocrinienne d'une espèce sauvage, l'Anguille

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DUFOUR S.

1994-10-01

C'est la mise en oeuvre de tout un ensemble de méthodes d'investigation, allant de la mise au point des outils moléculaires (purifications d'hormones, obtention d'anticorps, dosages immunologiques, clonage, obtention de sondes... à la réalisation d'expériences in vitro (cultures de cellules, incubation ou périfusion d'organes et in vivo (ablations de glandes, traitements hormonaux, prélèvements sanguins... juqu'aux études sur le terrain, qui permet une approche complète et intégrée de l'endocrinologie de ce poisson.

PENGARUH FOTOPERIODE TERHADAP AKTIFITAS PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP IKAN PATIN SIAM (Pangasius hypophthalmus

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Muhammad Yuda Setiawan

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh fotoperiode terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan patin siam (Pangasius hypopthalmus. Hasil penelitian diperoleh data laju pertumbuhan bobot relative tertinggi pada perlakuan A (0 T : 24 G dengan nilai rata – rata 1713,3, laju pertumbuhan panjang relative tertinggi pada perlakuan A (0 T : 24 G dengan nilai rata –rata 145,7, laju pertumbuhan harian tertinggi pada perlakuan A (0 T : 24 G dengan nilai rata – rata 5,17, dan kelangsungan hidup tertinggi pada perlakuan A (0 T : 24 G dengan nilai rata – rata 89,3.  Hasil statistik menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perbedaan yang sangat nyata antar perlakuan yang diberikan, dan hasil uji lanjutan menyatakan bahwa  perlakuan A berbeda sangat nyata dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya.  Kemudian hasil perhitungan lanjutan terhadap parameter penunjang berupa faktor kondisi, juga diperoleh nilai tertinggi pada perlakuan A (0 T : 24 G dengan nilai rata – rata 0,82 dan  efesiensi pakan tertinggi pada perlakuan A (0 T : 24 G dengan nilai rata –rata 159,6 serta data kualitas air yang masih berada pada kisaran dan standar hidup yang diinginkan.   Data pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup menunjukan bahwa semakin lama waktu gelap yang diberikan, semakin baik pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidupnya, karena suasana gelap memberikan pengaruh terhadap nafsu makan ikan uji, sesuai dengan kebiasaan hidupnya yang aktif pada malam hari (nocturnal.  Berarti hasil penelitian ini menjawab hipotesis,  terima  H1 dan tolak Ho  dimana fotoperiode yang diberikan berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan uji.

New records of marine algae in Vietnam

Science.gov (United States)

Le Hau, Nhu; Ly, Bui Minh; Van Huynh, Tran; Trung, Vo Thanh

2015-06-01

In May, 2013, a scientific expedition was organized by the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) and the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEBRAS) through the frame of the VAST-FEBRAS International Collaboration Program. The expedition went along the coast of Vietnam from Quang Ninh to Kien Giang. The objective was to collect natural resources to investigate the biological and biochemical diversity of the territorial waters of Vietnam. Among the collected algae, six taxa are new records for the Vietnam algal flora. They are the red algae Titanophora pikeana (Dickie) Feldmann from Cu Lao Xanh Island, Laurencia natalensis Kylin from Tho Chu Island, Coelothrix irregularis (Harvey) Børgesen from Con Dao Island, the green algae Caulerpa oligophylla Montagne, Caulerpa andamanensis (W.R. Taylor) Draisma, Prudhomme et Sauvage from Phu Quy Island, and Caulerpa falcifolia Harvey & Bailey from Ly Son Island. The seaweed flora of Vietnam now counts 833 marine algal taxa, including 415 Rhodophyta, 147 Phaeophyceae, 183 Chlorophyta, and 88 Cyanobacteria.

IL BISOGNO DELL’ORIGINE E L’ORRORE DEL MUTISMO. ALCUNE NOTE SULLA QUESTIONE DELL’ORIGINE DEL LINGUAGGIO VERBALE UMANO MORE PHILOSOPHICO

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Salottolo Delio

2013-12-01

Full Text Available In this essay we analyze more philosophico the impact of the research on the origin of human verbal language. Starting from suggestions deriving from the work of Agamben and Lévi-Strauss, two discontinuists, we face a double contradiction. The first relates to the inability to define the birth date of human language and of human world. This consideration makes us suspect that behind the passion for this issue there is a hidden need. The second concerns the mix of fascinans and tremendum linked to human mutism, which suggests, from the dominator point of view, an attitude to human animalization, and, from the dominated point of view, a form of resistance or survival instinct. Under these lenses we will read the enfant sauvage by Itard and the Foe by Coetzee. Finally we will discuss the issue of the need for origin as modern mankind melancholia and as unresolved tension towards the future.

Improvement of Nutritional Value of Instant Noodles by Fortifying with Catfish (Pangasius Hypophthalmus) Flour

OpenAIRE

Gusriadi, Depri; Sukmiwati, Mery; ', Dahlia

2014-01-01

This study was intended to evaluate the nutritional value of instant noodlesfortified with catfish flour. Instant noodles were prepared from a mixture of wheatflour (50%), sweat potato flour (10%), egg (15%), salt (0,7%), water (23%),cooking oil (0,3%) and Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (1%). The noodles wereprepared by fortifying the mixture with catfish flour at a level of 0%, 5%, 10%,and 15 % respectively. Instant noodles was evaluated for sensory quality andproximate composition (moisture, prot...

TAXONOMY AND GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF PANGASIIDAE, ASIAN CATFISHES, BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR ANALYSES

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Rudhy Gustiano

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Pangasiids are economically important riverine catfishes generally residing in freshwater from the Indian subcontinent to the Indonesian Archipelago. The systematics of this family are still poorly known. Consequently, lack of such basic information impedes the understanding of the biology of the Pangasiids and the study of their aquaculture potential as well as improvement of seed production and growth performance. The objectives of the present study are to clarify phylogeny of this family based on a biometric analysis and molecular evidence using 12S ribosomal mtDNA on the total of 1070 specimens. The study revealed that 28 species are recognised as valid in Pangasiidae. Four genera are also recognized as Helicophagus Bleeker 1858, Pangasianodon Chevey 1930, Pteropangasius Fowler 1937, and Pangasius Valenciennes 1840 instead of two as reported by previous workers. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the recognised genera, and genetic relationships among taxa. Overall, trees from the different analyses show similar topologies and confirm the hypothesis derived from geological history, palaeontology, and similar models in other taxa of fishes from the same area. The oldest genus may already have existed when the Asian mainland was still connected to the islands in the southern part about 20 million years ago.

La collection de base des espèces sauvages de Phaseolus et Vigna : historique, gestion et conservation

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Thierry Vanderborght

1998-01-01

Full Text Available The base collection of wild species of Phaseolus and Vigna: history, management and conservation.The National Botanic Garden of Belgium ensures the management of a base collection of botanical and wild forms in the tribe Phaseoleae and the sub-tribe Phaseolinae. The main objective is to conserve on a long terni basic the largest possible genetic diversity through seed semples stored at - 20°C. The collection provided the basic material for the investigations conducted at the University Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of Gembloux in fields as diverse as taxonomy, genome analysis, definition of genetic réservoirs, agronomie and chemical evaluations, interspecific hybridization and plant breeding. The results have allowed to becter understand the organization of genetic diversity in the studied plant material and to highlight the wealthy genetic potentiel of the collection. The latter should be preserved and valorized for the genetic improvement of food legumes, in particular within the two genera Phaseolus and Vigna.

Analysis of Effective Broodstock Management and Breeding of Patin Siam (Pangasius hypophthalmus in BBAT Jambi

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Mimid A. Hamid

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Aiming to analyze biological character of reproduction and to realize effective breeding activity, annual patin breeding activity 2006 was examined in JFADC Indonesia. Females of two generations, strain of 2001 and 2003 were induced during the year.  Various parameters, such as body weight, collected egg weight, number of 1g egg, harvested larvae, were recorded in every trial of breeding. After collecting all of data in 2006, correlation of productivity with fish size and age were analyzed integrating data. All female were also identified by using PIT tag system and alteration of maturity was monitored monthly, observing development of abdomen, from January to June. Accumulated parameters during the year showed negative correlation of egg somatic index (ESI with fish body weight.  Furthermore, hatching rate showed declined tendency as increasing body weight, suggesting less productivity by too-big female. All of elder female performed low productivity due to the low reading of some parameters such as ESI, hatching rate, larvae number/kg. Proportion of matured female was quite high from January until April. Individual monitoring of maturation showed quick reproduction of gonad in 2 month, from January to March, suggesting active reproductive stimulation on this season. Other many females also performed high gonadal maturity and its duration until April in many case. However, maturation has decreased suddenly on May and low maturation had lasted until November. It suppose due to the seasonal alteration of precipitation and remains as awkward issue for stable patin production in Jambi. Keywords: breeding, Asian catfish, egg somatic index, maturation   ABSTRAK Evaluasi kegiatan pembenihan patin siam Tahun 2006 di BBAT Jambi Indonesia dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk analisa karakter biologi reproduksi ikan patin siam dan untuk mewujudkan kegiatan pembenihan yang efektif.  Betina  dari 2 generasi yaitu generasi 2001 dan 2003 dipijahkan selama Tahun 2006.   Beberapa parameter seperti bobot tubuh, bobot telur yang diovulasikan (egg somatic index, jumlah  1 gram telur, dan jumlah larva yang dihasilkan  dicatat setiap kegiatan pemijahan.  Data yang terkumpul dan dianalis, hubungan produktivitas dengan ukuran  dan umur induk dievaluasi secara terpadu.  Semua betina ditandai dengan menggunakan PIT tag system (micro chip.  Perkembangan kematangan gonad dimonitor tiap bulan. Data yang terkumpul menunjukkan adanya korelasi negatif antara egg somatic index dengan bobot tubuh ikan. Selain itu daya tetas cendrung  menurun dengan meningkatnya bobot tubuh..  Semua betina yang lebih tua menunjukkan produktivitas yang rendah, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan rendahnya ESI, daya tetas dan jumlah larva/kg induk.  Prosentase induk matang gonad cukup tinggi dari bulan Januari sampai April.     Pengamatan kematangan gonad per individu menunjukkan siklus reproduksi  yang cepat dalam 2 bulan.dari Januari sampai Maret. Beberapa induk lain ditemukan  dengan tingkat kematangan gonad yang tinggi pada periode tersebut sampai bulan April.  Secara umum tingkat kematangan menurun secara drastis  pada bulan Mei dan kematangan yang rendah sampai bulan Nopember. Kata kunci : pembenihan, patin siam, egg somatic index, kematangan

Aplikasi Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper Betle Linn dalam Menghambat Oksidasi Lemak Jambal Patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus

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Farida Ariyani

2008-12-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Penelitian aplikasi ekstrak daun sirih (Piper betle Linn untuk menghambat proses oksidasi jambal patin telah dilakukan. Percobaan dilakukan dengan penambahan ekstrak daun sirih (Piper betle Linn dalam larutan garam yang digunakan untuk penggaraman ikan. Perbandingan ekstrak daun sirih dan larutan garam yang digunakan adalah 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 (v/v, sedangkan larutan garam tanpa penambahan ekstrak daun sirih digunakan sebagai kontrol. Selesai perendaman dalam campuran larutan garam dan ekstrak sirih (48 jam, patin asin dikeringkan di bawah sinar matahari selama 4–5 hari, selanjutnya disimpan pada suhu ruang (25-32oC selama 8 minggu. Perubahan mutu jambal patin dimonitor secara organoleptik dan kimiawi (angka Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/TBARS, angka anisidin, dan produk berfluoresen, sebelum jambal patin kering disimpan dan setiap 2 minggu selama penyimpanan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak daun sirih pada larutan garam selama penggaraman mampu menghambat oksidasi lemak jambal patin selama penyimpanan 8 minggu tercermin dari rendahnya angka TBARS, anisidin, dan produk berfluoresen jambal patin yang diperlakukan dengan daun sirih dibanding dengan kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil uji sensori, jambal patin yang diberi ekstrak air daun sirih tidak berbau tengik, walaupun warna dan rasa jambal patin sedikit berubah. Perlakuan ekstrak sirih yang mampu menghambat oksidasi lemak jambal patin dengan nilai sensori terbaik adalah kelompok perlakuan ekstrak daun sirih dengan perbandingan 1:5 (v/v.

A history of anxiety: from Hippocrates to DSM.

Science.gov (United States)

Crocq, Marc-Antoine

2015-09-01

This article describes the history of the nosology of anxiety disorders. Greek and Latin physicians and philosophers distinguished anxiety from other types of negative affect, and identified it as a medical disorder. Ancient Epicurean and Stoic philosophers suggested techniques to reach an anxiety-free state of mind that are reminiscent of modern cognitive psychology. Between classical antiquity and the late 19(th) century there was a long interval during which anxiety was not classified as a separate illness. However, typical cases of anxiety disorders kept being reported, even if under different names. In the 17(th) century, Robert Burton described anxiety in The Anatomy of Melancholy. Panic attacks and generalized anxiety disorder may be recognized in the "panophobias" in the nosology published by Boissier de Sauvages in the 18(th) century. Also, anxiety symptoms were an important component of new disease constructs, culminating in neurasthenia in the 19(th) century. Emil Kraepelin devoted much attention to the possible presence of severe anxiety in manic-depressive illness, thereby anticipating the "anxious distress" specifier of bipolar disorders in DSM-5. A pitfall to consider is that the meaning of common medical terms, such as melancholia, evolves according to places and epochs.

The eastern Pacific species of Bathygobius (Perciformes: Gobiidae).

Science.gov (United States)

Miller, P J; Stefanni, S

2001-07-01

The circumtropical gobiid genus Bathygobius Bleeker is defined and three Eastern Pacific species are redescribed, with first dorsal fin pattern and postorbital blotches being shown to be additional characters of diagnostic value. Two mainland species are recognised, the Mexican-Panamanian B. ramosus Ginsburg 1947 and the Panamanian B. andrei (Sauvage 1880). B. ramosus is now reported from Clarión Island, Revillagigedos, and also from Cocos Island. Meristic variation of ramosus is tabulated for local populations and PCA analysis of their morphometry suggests regional differentiation in this species, with Tres Marias and Revillagigedos populations clustering away from mainland and Montuosa material. An insular species, B. lineatus (Jenyns 1842) from the Galapagos is defined, with B. arundelii (Garman 1899) from Clipperton Island and B. l. lupinus Ginsburg 1947 from Lobos de Afuera, off Peru, placed as nominal subspecies of lineatus. This species resembles the Indo-west Pacific B. fuscus and Atlantic basin B. soporator more closely than it does ramosus and andrei and may be the product of transpacific dispersal. A similar origin for B. ramosus is discussed but it seems more likely that both B. ramosus and B. andrei have Caribbean sister species.

Seasonal variation and community structure of fishes in the Mahananda River with special reference to conservation issues

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Shams Muhammad Galib

2016-04-01

Full Text Available This study was carried out in the Mahananda River from January to December 2013 with a view to determining the seasonal variation and community structure of fishes along with some conservation issues. Monthly sampling was carried out using traditional fishing gears and fishes were identified based on morphometric and meristic characters. A total of 4082 individuals of native fish species were captured, analyzed and classified into 62 species belonging to 46 genera, 25 families and 9 orders. Cypriniformes and Siluriformes were the dominant fish orders represented by 19 species each and the most abundant family was Cyprinidae (14 species. In addition to indigenous individuals, 9 individuals of 2 exotic fish species (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Pangasius hypophthalmus were also recorded. Among three sampling sites, S-1 was the most diversified in terms of not only the number of individual fish but also the number of species present represented by mean (±SE individuals of 151.50±25.22 and species of 25.58±3.91. Three distinct fish groups of fish families were revealed from the cluster analysis of similarity. To improve the situation, control of illegal fishing gears, establishment of sanctuaries and legal protection for threatened species are recommended.

ESTABILIDADE QUÍMICA E MICROBIOLÓGICA DE "MINCED FISH" DE PEIXES AMAZÔNICOS DURANTE O CONGELAMENTO

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JESUS Rogério Souza de

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Foi estudada a estabilidade química e microbiológica de "minced fish" produzidos, em condições industriais, com espécies de peixes da Amazônia: aracú-comum (Schizodon fasciatus, branquinha-comum (Potamorhina latior, branquinha-de-cabeça-lisa (P. altamazonica, curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans, jaraqui-de-escama-fina (Semaprochilodus taeniurus, jaraqui-de-escama-grossa (S. insignis, mapará (Hypophthalmus edentatus, pacú-comum (Metynnis hypsauchen, pacú-manteiga (Mylossoma duriventre e pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomum, durante 150 dias sob congelamento a -18±1°C e -36±1°C. Com base no pH, nitrogênio das bases voláteis totais (N-BVT, substâncias reagentes ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS e contagens de aeróbios mesófilos a 35°C e psicrotróficos a 7°C, e de coliformes totais e fecais (NMP, os "minced fish" obtidos a partir das espécies de peixes estudadas e de misturas de espécies (aracú+curimatã+pirapitinga; jaraqui+branquinha mantiveram-se em condições de consumo, durante o período experimental. Os resultados obtidos são altamente promissores sob o ponto de vista tecnológico.

Etude séro-épidémiologique de la leishmaniose canine au centre du Maroc

Science.gov (United States)

Fellah, Hajiba; Doughmi, Oursula; Maniar, Saâd; Lalami, Abdelhakim El Ouali

2014-01-01

Dans le monde, la leishmaniose viscérale humaine est connue pour avoir comme principale source d'infection les Canidés domestiques et sauvages. Au centre du Maroc, les données épidémiologiques, cliniques et parasitologiques sur la leishmaniose canine, sont quasiment inexistantes. Ce travail traite une étude prospective au cours de laquelle 61 sérums canins ont été analysés par un test rapide et par l'immunofluorescence indirecte. La sensibilité du test rapide par rapport à celle de l'immunofluorescence indirecte (IFI) est de 33,33%. La fréquence de la maladie chez les chiens s’élève à 9,83% (Test Rapide) et 24,59% (IFI). 73,33% des cas canins positifs à la sérologie sont asymptomatiques. Ce sont les jeunes chiens de moins de 5 ans qui sont les plus fréquemment atteints avec une sensibilité de la race Berger Allmand à l'infection. Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence la présence de chiens leishmaniens (15 chiens séropositifs parmi 61) et de prouver l'existence du réservoir canin. Une stratégie de prévention active doit être mise en place. PMID:25852791

A history of anxiety: from Hippocrates to DSM

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Crocq, Marc-Antoine

2015-01-01

This article describes the history of the nosology of anxiety disorders. Greek and Latin physicians and philosophers distinguished anxiety from other types of negative affect, and identified it as a medical disorder. Ancient Epicurean and Stoic philosophers suggested techniques to reach an anxiety-free state of mind that are reminiscent of modern cognitive psychology. Between classical antiquity and the late 19th century there was a long interval during which anxiety was not classified as a separate illness. However, typical cases of anxiety disorders kept being reported, even if under different names. In the 17th century, Robert Burton described anxiety in The Anatomy of Melancholy. Panic attacks and generalized anxiety disorder may be recognized in the “panophobias” in the nosology published by Boissier de Sauvages in the 18th century. Also, anxiety symptoms were an important component of new disease constructs, culminating in neurasthenia in the 19th century. Emil Kraepelin devoted much attention to the possible presence of severe anxiety in manic-depressive illness, thereby anticipating the “anxious distress” specifier of bipolar disorders in DSM-5. A pitfall to consider is that the meaning of common medical terms, such as melancholia, evolves according to places and epochs. PMID:26487812

Conditioning of primates for experiments; Conditionnement des primates pour l'experimentation

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Legeay, G; Geneste, M; Brawers, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-07-01

The preparation of the monkey for experiments is one branch of zootechny applied to laboratory animals. The construction of a monkey-house at the Saclay Nuclear Research Centre has made it possible to study the hygiene rules necessary for obtaining subjects with relatively stable biological parameters. This hygiene includes: - prophylactic treatment, because the animals received lived originally in the wild state, - a balanced diet according to modern dietetic standards, - a habitat hygiene which recreates the original living conditions of the species. The possibility of reproduction has been used as a criterion of the efficiency of the methods applied. (authors) [French] La mise en condition du singe en vue de son utilisation a des fins experimentales est une branche de la zootechnie appliquee aux animaux de laboratoire. La realisation d'une singerie au CEN/SACLAY a permis d'etudier les regles d'hygiene requise pour obtenir des sujets dont les parametres biologiques soient relativement stables. L'hygiene comporte: - des soins prophylactiques car les animaux livres proviennent de capture a l'etat sauvage, - une alimentation equilibree, selon les normes modernes de la dietetique, - une hygiene de l'habitat recreant les conditions du milieu originel de l'espece. La possibilite de la reproduction a ete utilisee comme critere de l'efficacite des methodes mises en oeuvre.

The Usage of Garlic Extract (Allium sativum to Cure Pangasius Fish (Pangasius hypophthalmus Infected by Aeromonas hydrophylla

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. Muslim

2009-01-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this research was to know effectivity of the garlic extract to cure Pangasius catfish that infected by A. hidrophylla bacteria. This research was done on February to April 2007, at Aquaculture Laboratory FP UNSRI. This research used Completely Randomised Design (CRD with five treatments and three replications. The concentration of the garlic extract that used were 0 % (control, 0.2 %, 0.4 %, 0.6 %, 0.8 %. The parameters inspected include SR of fish that infected; SR of fish had been treatment, Relative Percent Survival (RPS, clinical symptom and water quality. The highest survival rate percentage is treatments A4 (0.8 % with average value 66.66 %. The best concentration of garlic extract that can heal the fish until ≥ 50 % (RPS value from totally sample of fish were treatments A4 (0.8 %, A3 (0.6 %, and A2 (0.4 %. The clinical symptom after cure and care as long as fourteen days indicated in control (without garlic extract has been found hard damage bodies organ and the mortality fish effect, but in treatments A1 (0.2 %, A2 (0.4 %, A3 (0.6 %, and A4 (0.8 % recover after submerged with garlic extract. The water quality parameters during experiment in each treatments such as temperature was 27 - 29 oC, pH 6-6.5, Dissolved Oxygen 5.24 - 6.87 mg/l, and Ammonia 0.09 - 0.46 mg/l. Keywords: garlic extract, pangasius fish, A. hydrophylla bacteria   ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak bawang putih untuk mengobati penyakit bakterial pada ikan patin yang disebabkan A. hidrophylla. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari - April  2007, di Laboratorium Budidaya Perairan, FP UNSRI. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap,  5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan.  Konsentrasi ekstrak bawang putih yang digunakan adalah  0 % (kontrol, 0,2 %, 0,4 %, 0,6 %, 0,8 %.  Parameter yang diamati meliputi SR ikan yang terinfeksi, SR ikan setelah diberi perlakuan, RPS, gejala klinis serta kualitas air. Persentase SR tertinggi pada perlakuan A4  (0,8 % sebesar 66,66 %. Konsentrasi ekstrak bawang putih yang dapat menyembuhkan ikan sampai ≥ 50 % (nilai RPS dari jumlah total ikan berturut-turut adalah perlakuan A4 (0,8 %, A3 (0,6 %, dan A2 (0,4 %.  Gejala klinis setelah pengobatan dan pemeliharaan selama 14 hari menunjukkan pada perlakuan kontrol (tanpa ekstrak bawang putih terdapat kerusakan organ tubuh paling parah dan menyebabkan ikan mati, sedangkan pada perlakuan A1   (0,2 %, A2 (0,4 %, A3 ( 0,6 %, dan A4 (0,8 %, gejala klinis pada tubuh ikan berangsur sembuh setelah direndam dengan ekstrak bawang putih. Parameter kualitas air selama pemeliharaan pada masing-masing perlakuan yaitu suhu (27-29oC, pH (6-6,5, O2 terlarut (5,24-6,87 mg/l dan amonia (0,09-0,46 mg/l. Kata kunci : ekstrak bawang putih,  ikan patin, bakteri A . hydrophylla.  

PEMBERIAN PROBIOTIK LACTOBACILLUS BREVIS DAN PREBIOTIK OLIGOSAKARIDA PADA BENIH PATIN SIAM (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus YANG DIINFEKSI Aeromonas hydrophila

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Yuke Eliyani

2013-08-01

Lactobacillus brevis, prebiotik oligosakarida dan sinbiotiknya terhadap jumlah bakteri Lactobacillus sp. dan total bakteri dalam usus, total eritrosit, total leukosit, diferensial leukosit, aktivitas fagositik, sintasan, tingkat pertumbuhan, serta FCR benih ikan patin siam yang diinfeksi Aeromonas hydrophila. Hasil uji karakteristik menunjukkan bahwa jenis probiotik dan patogen adalah Lactobacillus sp. dan Aeromonas hydrophila. Pada uji in vivo digunakan lima perlakuan yang terdiri atas K(+, K(-, probiotik (pro, prebiotik (pre serta sinbiotik (sin. Bakteri Lactobacillus sp. ditemukan di usus pada perlakuan probiotik dan sinbiotik dengan kisaran jumlah sekitar 101 sampai 106 (CFU/g. Total eritrosit, total leukosit, aktivitas fagositik berbeda nyata (P<0,05 dengan kontrol pada beberapa waktu pengamatan. Tingkat sintasan terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan K(+ sebesar 43,33±11,55; sedangkan empat perlakuan lainnya memperoleh nilai 100%. Tingkat pertumbuhan harian berbeda nyata antar perlakuan, nilai terbaik dicapai pada perlakuan pemberian sinbiotik sebesar 3,370±0,14. Nilai FCR perlakuan probiotik, prebiotik dan sinbiotik menunjukkan beda nyata dengan kontrol. Perlakuan sin, pre, pro memberikan nilai yang lebih baik pada total eritrosit, total leukosit, aktivitas fagositik, sintasan, pertumbuhan, dan FCR dibandingkan kontrol.

Análise de risco aplicada ao manejo precaucionário das pescarias artesanais na região do reservatório da UHE-Tucuruí (Pará, Brasil Risk analysis applied to the precautionary management of artisanal fisheries in the region of Tucuruí reservoir (Pará, Brazil

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Serguei Aily Franco de Camargo

2004-09-01

Full Text Available As pescarias no reservatório da UHE-Tucuruí no rio Tocantins, Pará, envolvem cerca de 6.000 pescadores e movimentam cerca de R$ 4,2 milhões/ano. A atividade se concentra em três espécies principais: tucunaré Cichla monoculus (capturado com anzol, pescada Plagioscion squamosissimus (capturado com rede e/ou anzol e mapará Hypophthalmus marginatus (capturado com rede. Com o objetivo de caracterizar os pescadores e as pescarias do reservatório, criar cenários de aumento do esforço pesqueiro e prever os momentos de conflito pela escassez de recursos, foram levantadas informações da literatura e realizadas duas campanhas de coleta de dados nos anos de 1999 e 2000, envolvendo entrevistas com líderes comunitários e pescadores. As seguintes variáveis foram consideradas: desembarque por espécie-alvo (de acordo com os registros fornecidos pelas colônias de pescadores, artes de pesca, estratégias dos pescadores, conflitos e formas de apropriação do espaço e rendimentos da atividade. Estas variáveis foram inseridas em um modelo dinâmico, simulado no software Vensim PLE para um período de 10 anos a partir de 1999. Os resultados indicam que a pesca de anzol é a estratégia mais rentável, e que possíveis momentos de conflito devido à escassez de recursos podem acontecer em curto prazo (2005. A metodologia utilizada para as simulações e análises de risco também se revelou adequada à realidade local e ao conjunto de dados disponíveis.The fisheries in the reservoir of UHE-Tucuruí employ about 6.000 fishermen generating approximately R$ 4.2 million/year. There are three main target-species: Tucunaré Cichla monoculus (caught with hook and line, Pescada Plagioscion squamosissimus (caught with gill net and/or hook and line and Mapará Hypophthalmus marginatus (caught with gill net. Published information was reviewed and data collected during two field trips in 1999 and 2000 that included interviews with community leaders and

Influence de l’anthropisation sur la végétation locale et l’abondance des tsé-tsé au sud du Burkina Faso*

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Rayaissé J.B.

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Des enquêtes entomologiques couplées à une analyse phytosociologique ont été menées dans la zone de Folonzo au sud du Burkina Faso sur la rivière Comoé. L’étude avait pour objectif de comparer l’abondance et la diversité des espèces de glossines dans une zone protégée et une zone non protégée, grâce à des transects perpendiculaires au cours d’eau. Des pièges ont été posés le long de ces transects depuis la rivière Comoé jusqu’à la savane en passant par la galerie forestière. Une analyse diachronique de la zone entre 1980 et 2008 a également été menée par comparaison d’images satellites Landsat et à partir de l’évolution des densités de tsé-tsé. Sur chacun des transects, une description de la flore a été faite, incluant toutes les espèces situées dans un rayon de 10 m autour de chaque piège. Il existe une très grande homogénéité floristique entre les transects, particulièrement pour la forêt-galerie, en revanche la savane montre une relative hétérogénéité. L’enquête entomologique révèle la présence de quatre espèces de glossines qui sont Glossina tachinoides (74 %, G. morsitans submorsitans (20 %, G. palpalis gambiensis (4 % et G. medicorum (2 %. Une différence nette s’observe entre la zone non protégée et la zone protégée, avec une densité moyenne de tsé-tsé quatre fois inférieure dans la première. Cette différence est particulièrement importante pour G. m. submorsitans, dont les densités sont divisées par neuf dans la zone non protégée. Cette régression s’explique par la diminution de la faune sauvage hors de la zone protégée, et ceci est extrapolable à l’ensemble du pays où cette espèce de glossine est en net recul. L’évolution du terroir de Folonzo montre une augmentation impressionnante des densités humaines et des surfaces cultivées, qui n’a pas (encore d’impact visible sur la composition floristique des lieux d’analyse, mais qui

Isolation of heat-tolerant myoglobin from Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus.

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Chotichayapong, Chatrachatchaya; Wiengsamut, Kittipong; Chanthai, Saksit; Sattayasai, Nison; Tamiya, Toru; Kanzawa, Nobuyuki; Tsuchiya, Takahide

2012-10-01

Myoglobin from Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus was purified from fish muscle using salt fractionation followed by column chromatography and molecular filtration. The purified Mb of 0.68 mg/g wet weight of muscle was determined for its molecular mass by MALDI-TOF-MS to be 15,525.18 Da. Using isoelectric focusing technique, the purified Mb showed two derivatives with pI of 6.40 and 7.12. Six peptide fragments of this protein identified by LC-MS/MS were homologous to Mbs of sea raven Hemitripterus americanus, yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacores, blue marlin Makaira nigicans, common carp Cyprinus carpio, and goldfish Carassius auratus. According to the Mb denaturation, the swamp eel Mb had thermal stability higher than walking catfish Clarias batrachus Mb and striped catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus Mb, between 30 and 60 (°)C. For the thermal stability of Mb, the swamp eel Mb showed a biphasic behavior due to the O(2) dissociation and the heme orientation disorder, with the lowest increase in both Kd(f) and Kd(s). The thermal sensitivity of swamp eel Mb was lower than those of the other Mbs for both of fast and slow reaction stages. These results suggest that the swamp eel Mb globin structure is thermally stable, which is consistent with heat-tolerant behavior of the swamp eel particularly in drought habitat.

INTERVENSI FOLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH DALAM PROSES REMATURASI INDUK IKAN GABUS HARUAN Channa Striata Blkr DIDALAM WADAH BUDIDAYA

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Akhmad Ridha Fani

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Snakehead and other fish species in waters of the swamp doing spawning at the beginning or in the middle of the rainy season. Gonadal maturation process so as to return time is limited. Aquaculture development is highly dependent on the availability of seeds that meet the timeliness, quality and quantity. The seeds can be produced continuously if supported by the availability of mature broodstock with good quality eggs. Some research about the role of hormones and or the use of stimulants to the success in support of gonad development and spawning, such as; Siam Jambal fish, Pangasius hypophthalmus (Ernawati 1999, Catfish, Clarias batrachus (Zairin et al. 2001, and catfish, Hemibagrus nemurus (Supriyadi 2005. By because they were with potential memamfaatkan folicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH that serves as the control at the start of the reproductive cycle up to ovulation and spermiasi in fish. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the injection folicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH in the parent rematurisasi catfish. Results from the start 17007-52327 item, 0,63-1,07mm egg diameter, IGS range of 4, 13 to 8.50%, and ranged from 0.86 2.4% IHS. Based on the results of the study injection folicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH capable mepersingkat rematurasi processing time.

Ekstrak Air Daun Sirih (Piper betle Linn sebagai Antioksidan Alami pada Pengolahan Ikan Patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus Asin Kering

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Farida Ariyani

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Kajian peran ekstrak air daun sirih sebagai antioksidan alami pada proses pengolahan ikan patin asin kering telah dilakukan. Penambahan ekstrak air daun sirih pada berbagai konsentrasi (0, 4, 5, 6, 7% b/v dilakukan pada saat perendaman patin segar dalam larutan garam jenuh selama 48 jam. Selanjutnya patin asin hasil penggaraman dikeringkan di bawah sinar matahari selama 4–5 hari. Pengamatan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak air daun sirih dilakukan dengan metode 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH yang dibandingkan dengan Buthylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT sebagai kontrol positif, sedangkan pengamatan efektivitas ekstrak air daun sirih sebagai antioksidan patin asin dilakukan melalui analisis parameter oksidasi yakni angka TBA, angka anisidin dan produk berfluoresen serta karakteristik  sensori (warna, bau, dan rasa. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak air daun sirih memiliki aktivitas antioksidan lebih tinggi dibandingkan BHT. Penambahan ekstrak air daun sirih dengan konsentrasi 4–7% (b/v selama penggaraman dalam proses pengolahan patin asin mampu menghambat proses oksidasi lemak patin asin dan patin asin kering yang tercermin dari rendahnya angka TBA, angka anisidin dan produk berfluoresen dibanding kontrol. Perlakuan terpilih dari penelitian ini adalah kelompok perlakuan penambahan ekstrak daun sirih 4% yang menghasilkan patin asin kering dengan angka TBA 6,42 mMol MDA/kg (kontrol 15,10 mMol MDA/kg, angka anisidin 3,41 mMol/g minyak (kontrol 6,87 mMol/g minyak, dan produk berfluoresen 0,091 mg/g ikan (kontrol 0,219 mg/g ikan. Karakteristik sensori patin asin dengan perlakuan terpilih berwarna coklat muda, berbau tidak tengik, dan berasa sedikit getir.

Conditioning of primates for experiments; Conditionnement des primates pour l'experimentation

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Legeay, G.; Geneste, M.; Brawers, G. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-07-01

The preparation of the monkey for experiments is one branch of zootechny applied to laboratory animals. The construction of a monkey-house at the Saclay Nuclear Research Centre has made it possible to study the hygiene rules necessary for obtaining subjects with relatively stable biological parameters. This hygiene includes: - prophylactic treatment, because the animals received lived originally in the wild state, - a balanced diet according to modern dietetic standards, - a habitat hygiene which recreates the original living conditions of the species. The possibility of reproduction has been used as a criterion of the efficiency of the methods applied. (authors) [French] La mise en condition du singe en vue de son utilisation a des fins experimentales est une branche de la zootechnie appliquee aux animaux de laboratoire. La realisation d'une singerie au CEN/SACLAY a permis d'etudier les regles d'hygiene requise pour obtenir des sujets dont les parametres biologiques soient relativement stables. L'hygiene comporte: - des soins prophylactiques car les animaux livres proviennent de capture a l'etat sauvage, - une alimentation equilibree, selon les normes modernes de la dietetique, - une hygiene de l'habitat recreant les conditions du milieu originel de l'espece. La possibilite de la reproduction a ete utilisee comme critere de l'efficacite des methodes mises en oeuvre.

Barrières pré-zygotiques chez les hybrides entre formes sauvages du niébé, Vigna unguilata (L. Walp.

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Baudoin JP.

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Hybrids pre-zygotic barriers between wild forms of cowpea. The wild forms of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, constitute an important gene pool insufficiently exploited for the improvement of the cultivated form. In order to promote the use of these wild forms in the genetic improvement programmes, we undertook to understand the various incompatibility reactions which appear in the crosses between wild forms. Efforts were concentrated to understand the incompatibility barriers in the hybridizations between subsp. baoulensis NI 933 and the other wild forms of V. unguiculata. Thanks to the use of the aniline blue fluorescence, we observed a high frequency of pre-zygotic barriers. They appear in three sites, i.e. the higher and lower third of the style, and within the ovary. However, these incompatibility barriers are not absolute. Indeed, in our hybridizations, more than 4% of the ovules were fertilized in the various studied combinations.

Analyse quantitative de la consommation en viande de brousse en vue d'une gestion durable de la faune sauvage au Gabon

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Ngama, S.

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Quantitative Analysis of Bush Meat Consumptions for a Sustainable Wildlife Management in Gabon. In Gabon, like everywhere in the Central Africa region, hunting could lead to serious ecological damages in the near future. Yet, quantifying bush meat contribution to local people diet will help to improve the efficiency when operating necessary hunting regulation. The purpose of this study was to provide more data on wildlife contribution to forest people's diet and the influence of related factors. To do so, 36 households were surveyed during one year time in the Ipassa reserve buffer zone inMakokou, Gabon. This study reveals that 53.1% of meats consumed by surveyed people are from wildlife. Moreover, this consumption was influenced by (i the fact that households' chiefs are salaried, farmers or hunters, (ii the distance from households' residences to the reserve and (iii meat prices on markets. In addition, poultry meat appears to be a potential alternative to bushmeat and even constituted 52.4% of consumptions in one of the survey areas where the greatest number ofhouseholds' chiefs were salaried.

Identification and Classification of Diseases: Fundamental Problems in Medical Ontology and Epistemology

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Lennart Nordenfelt

2013-05-01

Full Text Available During the last three centuries there has been remarkable development in the area of the identification and classification of diseases. The taxonomic systems adopted in the 18th century by, for instance, Sauvages and Linnaeus bare no resemblance to the modern nomenclatures for pathological phenomena. The aim of this paper is to give a brief historical presentation, but also a critical analysis, of a number of crucial ideas and theories behind the construction of certain major disease classifications. My focus in the second half of the paper is on the most influential modern systems of classification, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD and the International Systematized Nomenclature of Human and Veterinary Medicine (SNOMED. The former is the official classification adopted by the World Health Organization and is used mainly for clinical and administrative purposes. The latter is a highly complex system of classification which has recently been developed for a variety of purposes (including medical research and is meant to be read and handled by computers. ICD, although widely used all over the world, has salient and well-known logical deficiencies. SNOMED has been introduced partly to remedy these deficiencies. I conclude, however, that SNOMED, in spite of its sophisticated resources, cannot completely replace ICD. For many clinical and administrative purposes there is need of a relatively simple system that can be handled by the ordinary doctor and the ordinary health-care administrator.

Hobbes, les pirates et les corsaires. Le « Léviathan échoué » selon Carl Schmitt

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Dominique Weber

2005-04-01

Full Text Available Parmi les nombreux problèmes que pose l’ouvrage de Carl Schmitt Le Léviathan dans la doctrine de l’État de Thomas Hobbes, il en est un, majeur, qui concerne l’utilisation de la « mythologie politique » pour expliquer la réalité ou les doctrines politiques. Il y a là, à n’en pas douter, l’expression de l’un des versants de l’irrationalisme de Schmitt. La thèse de l’auteur est très claire : parce que Hobbes ne possédait aucun « sens mythologique », il s’est trompé de monstre biblique, appelant Leviathan son traité consacré au pouvoir d’État, alors qu’il aurait dû l’appeler plus adéquatement Behemoth, manquant du coup la Meeresbild caractérisant l’Angleterre de son temps. La thèse peut paraître séduisante, elle s’appuie néanmoins sur un présupposé fort contestable, car Hobbes ne vise nullement à créer des mythes. Il s’agit donc d’interroger la théorisation hobbesienne de la piraterie, d’une part, et de la dissidence religieuse « sauvage », d’autre part, afin de montrer que le choix par Hobbes des monstres du Livre de Job est un choix rationnellement assumé.

Les ailes de glossines, une carte d'identité de l'insecte ?

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De La Rocque S.

2002-09-01

Full Text Available Dans les études de dynamique de population des glossines, vecteurs des trypanosomoses en Afrique, la taille de l'insecte peut être mise en relation avec leur longévité et leur capacité vectorielle. La taille des individus est généralement appréciée par la mesure de nervures remarquables de l'aile. Un logiciel semi-automatique a été développé par le Cirad et l'IRD pour réaliser une série de mesures à partir de photos numérisées des ailes. Il a été utilisé sur des populations sauvages de Glossina tachinoides Westwood et G. palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank (Diptera : Glossinidae capturées autour de Bobo Dioulasso, au Burkina Faso. A partir d'une photo de l'aile, réalisée sous une loupe binoculaire et numérisée, le logiciel calcule la longueur des segments alaires, le rapport entre ces segments, la surface de la cellule "en hache" caractéristique des glossines et le niveau de gris de la membrane. Ces variables ont révélé leur intérêt taxonomique pour la diagnose entre ces espèces, mais également apportent des informations sur les caractéristiques physiologiques de la population étudiée.

Decontamination of Pangasius fish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) with chlorine or peracetic acid in the laboratory and in a Vietnamese processing company.

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Tong Thi, Anh Ngoc; Sampers, Imca; Van Haute, Sam; Samapundo, Simbarashe; Ly Nguyen, Binh; Heyndrickx, Marc; Devlieghere, Frank

2015-09-02

This study evaluated the decontamination of Pangasius fillets in chlorine or peracetic acid treated wash water. First, the decontamination efficacy of the washing step with chlorinated water applied by a Vietnamese processing company during trimming of Pangasius fillets was evaluated and used as the basis for the experiments performed on a laboratory scale. As chlorine was only added at the beginning of the batch and used continuously without renewal for 239min; a rapid increase of the bacterial counts and a fast decrease of chlorine in the wash water were found. This could be explained by the rapid accumulation of organic matter (ca. 400mg O2/L of COD after only 24min). Secondly, for the experiments performed on a laboratory scale, a single batch approach (one batch of wash water for treating a fillet) was used. Chlorine and PAA were evaluated at 10, 20, 50 and 150ppm at contact times of 10, 20 and 240s. Washing with chlorine and PAA wash water resulted in a reduction of Escherichia coli on Pangasius fish which ranged from 0-1.0 and 0.4-1.4logCFU/g, respectively while less to no reduction of total psychrotrophic counts, lactic acid bacteria and coliforms on Pangasius fish was observed. However, in comparison to PAA, chlorine was lost rapidly. As an example, 53-83% of chlorine and 15-17% of PAA were lost after washing for 40s (COD=238.2±66.3mg O2/L). Peracetic acid can therefore be an alternative sanitizer. However, its higher cost will have to be taken into consideration. Where (cheaper) chlorine is used, the processors have to pay close attention to the residual chlorine level, pH and COD level during treatment for optimal efficacy. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Présence du nouveau variant de la maladie hémorragique virale du lapin (RHDV2) chez les lapins sauvages en Belgique

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Volpe, Rosario; Lesenfants, Christophe; Paternostre, Julien; Fett, Thomas; Tchuenkam Kamdem, Nadège; Cassart, Dominique; Linden, Annick

2016-01-01

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) is a highly infectious and fatal disease of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), responsible for important economic losses in the rabbit industry. The aetiological agent of the disease is a RNA virus (RHDV, Lagovirus, Caliciviridae) first detected in China in 1984. Currently RHDV is endemic in most parts of Europe, Asia and North Africa. Phylogenetic analyses of RHDV strains have identified 3 distinct groups : the classic RHDV, the vari...

Effects of Eryngii mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) and Lactobacillus plantarum on growth performance, immunity and disease resistance of Pangasius catfish (Pangasius bocourti, Sauvage 1880).

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Van Doan, Hien; Doolgindachbaporn, Sompong; Suksri, Amnuaysilpa

2016-10-01

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Eryngii mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii (PE), and Lactobacillus plantarum single or combined on growth, innate immune response and disease resistance of the Pangasius catfish, Pangasius bocourti. Two hundred forty fish were divided into four treatments, i.e., 0 g kg(-1) PE (Control, Diet 1), 3 g kg(-1) PE (Diet 2), 10(8) cfu g(-1) L. plantarum (Diet 3) and 3 g kg(-1) PE + 10(8) cfu g(-1) L. plantarum (Diet 4). Fish were culture in glass tanks with water volume approximately of 150 l, and each treatment had four replications with 15 fish per replication. Following 30, 60 and 90 days of the feeding trial, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), serum lysozyme, phagocytosis and respiratory burst activities were measured. SGR and FCR were significantly improved in fish fed supplemented diets after 90 days of the feeding trial. Serum lysozyme, phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity of fish were significantly stimulated by both PE and L. plantarum diets; however, the highest innate immune response was observed in fish fed synbiotic diet. At the end of the experiment, five fish were randomly selected for a challenge test against Aeromonas hydrophila. The post-challenge survival rate of the fish fed supplemented diets was significantly greater than the control treatment, and the highest post-challenge survival rate was observed in synbiotic diet. The results revealed that dietary supplementation of PE and L. plantarum stimulated growth, immunity and disease resistance of the P. bocourti.

Penggunaan Ekstrak Bahan Alami Untuk Menghambat Infestasi Lalat Selama Penjemuran Ikan Jambal Asin

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Farida Ariyani

2007-11-01

Full Text Available lkan jambal asin adalah ikan asin kering yang dibuat dengan cara memfermentasikan ikan dalam garam sebelum penjemuran. Untuk mengurangi infestasi lalat selama penjemuran pada pengolahan ikan jambal asin, penelitian penggunaan ekstrak bahan alami sebagai insektisida telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan 2 tahap, yaitu penelitian pendahuluan dan penelitian utama. Pada penelitian pendahuluan, bahan baku yang digunakan adalah ikan manyung (Arius thalassinus dan bahan alami yang diuji adalah ekstrak daun mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss dan daun picung (Pangium edule Reinw masing‑masing dengan konsentrasi 2,5; 7,5; 10,0; 12,5 % (b/v, serta ekstrak bawang putih (Allium sativum dengan konsentrasi 1,5; 3,0; 4,5; 6,0; 7,5 % (b/v. lkan yang telah difermentasi dalam garam direndam dalarn ekstrak bahan alami selama 30 detik, kemudian dilakukan penjemuran sehingga menjadi ikan jambal asin. Selama penjemuran dan penyimpanan dilakukan pengamatan tingkat infestasi lalat, larva dan pupa. Hasil penelitian pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak bawang putih merupakan bahan yang paling efektif untuk menghambat infestasi lalat sehingga dipilih untuk digunakan pada penelitian utama. Pada penelitian utama, bahan baku yang digunakan adalah ikan patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus. lkan patin yang telah difermentasi direndam dalam ekstrak bawang putih dengan konsentrasi 3, 6 dan 9% (b/v dengan waktu perendaman 0, 5, 10, dan 15 menit. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tingkat infestasi lalat dan karakteristik organoleptik produk ikan jambal asin. Hasil penelitian utama menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan terbaik yang memberikan tingkat infestasi lalat terkecil dan dapat diterima panelis adalah perendaman dalarn ekstrak bawang putih 9% selama 10 menit.

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific to pangasius catfish, basa, and tra.

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Gajewski, K G; Chen, Y-T; Hsieh, Y-H P

2009-04-01

Four IgG (subclass IgG1) class monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) strongly reactive to Asian farm-raised Pangasius catfish, tra (Pangasius hypophthalmus) and basa (Pangasius bocourti), have been developed. These MAbs were raised by immunizing an animal with thermal-stable crude sarcoplasmic protein extract of cooked tra. The MAbs were selected by screening hybridoma clones against more than 70 common fish and meat protein extracts. Two MAbs, T7E10 and T1G11, were found to be specific to the Asian Pangasius catfish, tra, and basa, with no cross-reactions with any of the common fish and meat species or with the food additive proteins (bovine serum albumin, soy proteins, milk proteins, egg proteins, and gelatin) tested. MAb T7E10 recognized 2 antigenic proteins (molecular weight approximately 36 and 75 kDa) in raw and cooked tra and basa extracts, while T1G11 bound to several proteins (molecular weight between 13 and 18 kDa) in tra and basa extracts. Two other MAbs, F7B8 and F1G11, recognized a common protein (36 KDa) and cross-reacted with all the fish extracts tested and with several mammalian species. These MAbs can be employed individually or in combination in various formats of immunoassays for rapid identification of Pangasius catfish, either raw or cooked. They can also be used to study the biological, biochemical, and physiological aspects of thermal-stable antigenic proteins. This is the first study identifying these thermal-stable antigenic proteins present in Pangasius catfish as species-specific biomarkers.

Fish larvae assemblages in two floodplain lakes with different degrees of connection to the Paraná River, Brazil

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Vanessa Salete Daga

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to assess the abundance, attributes of assemblages, and spatial and temporal distributions of fish larvae and their relationships with some abiotic variables in two floodplain lakes with different degrees of connection to the Paraná River in Ilha Grande National Park, PR, Brazil. Four sampling sites were chosen, two in each floodplain lake. Night samples were taken with plankton nets during three spawning seasons (monthly, from October to March from 2001 to 2005. The highest diversity and abundance were recorded at Saraiva Lake, with 25 taxa being identified. In Xambrê Lake, only sedentary species were captured, and the most abundant species were Plagioscion squamosissimus and Hypophthalmus edentatus. The greatest abundance of larvae was found in the second spawning season. In the Saraiva Lake, the most abundant species were Moenkhausia aff. intermedia, Hyphessobrycon sp., and Bryconamericus stramineus, but larvae of known migratory species were also documented. In this lake, the greatest abundance of larvae was found in the third spawning. Larvae abundance was influenced by water temperature and conductivity. The high diversity and abundance recorded in Saraiva Lake may be a result of its connectivity with the Paraná River, and the low diversity and abundance observed at Xambrê Lake are likely due to its isolation from the river. This work shows the importance of these lagoons for fish development, for both sedentary and migratory species. Both lagoons may be considered to have extreme ecological importance and they are also extremely susceptible to impacts, so any careless disturbance may cause irreversible damage.

Effect of fatty Amazon fish consumption on lipid metabolism

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Francisca das Chagas do Amaral Souza

2014-01-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding diets enriched with fatty fish from the Amazon basin on lipid metabolism. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group treated with commercial chow; Mapará group was fed diet enriched with Hypophthalmus edentatus; Matrinxã group was fed diet enriched with Brycon spp.; and, Tambaqui group was fed diet enriched with Colossoma macropomum. Rats with approximately 240g±0.60 of body weight were fed ad libitum for 30 days, and then were sacrificed for collection of whole blood and tissues. RESULTS: The groups treated with enriched diets showed a significant reduction in body mass and lipogenesis in the epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues and carcass when compared with the control group. However, lipogenesis in the liver showed an increase in Matrinxã group compared with the others groups. The levels of serum triglycerides in the treated groups with Amazonian fish were significantly lower than those of the control group. Moreover, total cholesterol concentration only decreased in the group Matrinxã. High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased significantly in the Mapará and Tambaqui compared with control group and Matrinxã group. The insulin and leptin levels increased significantly in all treatment groups. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that diets enriched with fatty fish from the Amazon basin changed the lipid metabolism by reducing serum triglycerides and increasing high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in rats fed with diets enriched with Mapará, Matrinxã, and Tambaqui.

Otimização da desidratação osmótica de filés de mapará (Hypophthalmus edentatus através da metodologia de superfície de resposta Optimization of the osmotic dehydration of mapará (Hypophthalmus edentatus fillets by response surface methodology

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Suezilde da Conceição Amaral Ribeiro

2008-06-01

Full Text Available A desidratação osmótica de filés de mapará tem sido utilizada como pré-tratamento antes da secagem e refrigeração de alimentos como um meio de reduzir a umidade dos produtos. O objetivo do trabalho foi otimizar a transferência de massa ocorrida durante a desidratação osmótica de mapará através da metodologia de superfície de resposta. A desidratação osmótica foi realizada de acordo com um planejamento fatorial completo 2³, com oito pontos fatoriais, três centrais e seis axiais, totalizando 17 ensaios, em que o valor das variáveis dependentes, a perda de peso (PP, a perda de água (PA, o ganho de sólidos (GS, GS/PA e ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBA, são funções das variáveis independentes, temperatura, concentração de NaCl e tempo de imersão. A análise estatística aplicada aos dados experimentais foi realizada através do erro puro e pelo SS residual. Aplicando a metodologia de superfície de resposta, a condição ótima de convergência de menor perda de peso, maior perda de água e menor ganho de sal correspondeu a uma concentração de cloreto de sódio de 22%, temperatura de 46 °C e tempo de 7 horas.Osmotic dehydration of mapará fillets has been used as a pre-treatment before dehydration and refrigeration of food as a means of reducing product moisture content. The aim of this study was to optimize mass transfer occurring during osmotic dehydration of mapará using the response surface methodology. Osmotic dehydration was carried out following a 2³ complete factorial design, with eight factorial, three central and six axial points, totalizing 17 assays, where the values of the dependent variables, weight loss (PP, water loss (PA, solid gain (GS, GS/PA and tiobarbituric acid (TBA, are a function of the independent variables, temperature, concentration of NaCl and immersion time. The statistic analysis, applied to the experimental data was carried out using the pure error and the residual SS. Applying the response surface methodology, the best condition of convergence of lower weight loss, greater water loss and lower salt gain corresponded to a sodium chloride concentration of 22%, temperature of 46 °C and time of 7 hours.

Structural modification of swai-fish (Pangasius hypophthalmus)-based emulsions containing non-meat protein additives by ultra-high pressure and thermal treatments

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Techarang, Jiranat; Apichartsrangkoon, Arunee; Phanchaisri, Boonrak; Pathomrungsiyoungkul, Pattavara; Sriwattana, Sujinda

2017-07-01

Swai-fish emulsions containing fermented soybeans (thua nao and rice-koji miso) were pressurized at 600 MPa for 20 min or heated at 72°C for 30 min. The fish batters were blended with soy protein isolate (SPI) or whey protein concentrate (WPC) to stabilize the emulsions. The processed fish emulsions were then subjected to physical, chemical and microbiological examinations. The results of gel strength and water-holding potential showed that SPI addition yielded higher impact on these properties than WPC addition, which was also confirmed by the interactions between SPI and native fish proteins depicted by electrophoregrams. The frequency profiles suggested that the heated gels had a greater storage and loss moduli than pressurized gels, while pressurized WPC set-gel displayed larger loss tangent (the predominance of viscous moiety) than those pressurized SPI set-gel. High bacteria and spore counts of B. subtilis (residual of the thua nao) were observed in both pressurized and heated fish-based emulsions.

Diversité et variabilité inter-ethniques dans la consommation de champignons sauvages de la région de N´Dali au Bénin

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Boni, S.

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Diversity and Inter-ethnic Variability in Consumption of Wild Fungi from N'Dali Region in Benin. Proficiat Jef On 2 July 2015, emeritus celebrations were held in honour of Professor Jozef Vercruysse at the University of Ghent. His special relationship with Tropicultura, together with the scope and quality of all that he has accomplished during his professional life in the field of parasitology, which plays a particularly important role in improving living conditions for populations in tropical regions, prompted us to devote an article to his career in this edition. This will enable everyone to appreciate the achievements of this very great scientist and teacher, whose reputation extends far beyond the borders of Belgium. Jozef Vercruysse took over from Professor Jozef Mortelmans as president of Agri-Overseas on 28 February 1990. He accepted this responsibility out of love for the tropics and the farmer populations that he worked alongside in a variety of countries. He began his career in Africa, before completing many different research projects in Africa and Asia, by forging links between the laboratory of parasitology at the University of Ghent, which he headed from 1983, and a wide range of research institutions in the southern hemisphere. He also agreed to become president because he knew that Tropicultura was a useful means of sharing research findings, which would have useful outcomes for development, but were sometimes of a very applied nature. This made it difficult to publish them in scientific journals, which were still highly specialised, especially for young researchers in developing countries. Throughout his long tenure, he allowed us to benefit from his foresight, peerless strategic and management skills, as well as his vast network of contacts in scientific, academic and other important circles, in order to promote our activities. He did this, like everything that he did, with a great deal of humility and generosity. At this special time in his life, we would like to sincerely thank him for all that he has done. However, this stage in his career does not mark the end of our partnership. We know that we can continue to rely on him for many years to come and that his support will be highly invaluable to us, as we continue our work. We would therefore like to congratulate him by saying "Proficiat Jef". Long may you continue to delight us with your altruism and friendship.

APLICAÇÃO DE TÉCNOLOGIAS TRADICIONAIS NO BENEFICIAMENTO DO PESCADO NA REGIÃO DO BAIXO AMAZONAS, ESTADO DO PARÁ/ TRADITIONAL TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN FISH PROCESSING IN THE REGION OF LOWER AMAZON, STATE OF PARA

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Marilu Teixeira Amaral

2017-03-01

Full Text Available A fabricação de produtos elaborados a partir de carne de peixe ainda é pouco difundida, havendo ainda poucas fábricas e entrepostos de beneficiamento de pescados que produzam derivados de peixe em larga escala. Os produtos de pescado possuem alto valor nutritivo, sendo excelentes fontes de proteínas, sais minerais, ácidos graxos da série ômega 3 e vitaminas do complexo B. Para prolongar a vida útil do pescado podem ser empregadas variadas técnicas de processamento que além de retardar a oxidação mantendo a qualidade da carne de peixe, agregam valor ao produto final. Embutidos, empanados, defumados, patês, bolinhos e hambúrgueres podem ser elaborados a partir da carne de pescados e seu processamento varia de acordo com a técnica empregada. Este trabalho objetivou elaborar diferentes produtos a partir de tecnologias tradicionais de processamento (defumação, adição de aditivos, empanamento e congelamento a partir da carne de mapará (Hypophthalmus edentatus. O procedimento foi realizado em diferentes etapas: obtenção da carne de pescado, retirada dos filés (sem pele, obtenção da pasta base de peixe, adição de aditivos e defumação de peixes inteiros, além de outros procedimentos específicos a determinados produtos. Foram elaborados 11 produtos processados a partir da carne de mapará, obtendo-se assim produtos diferenciados e competitivos, apresentando novas opções de escolha ao mercado consumidor do oeste do Pará.

Imunisasi Ikan Jambal Siam dengan Vaksin Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

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Henni Syawal

2010-09-01

Full Text Available An experiment on the immunization of Jambal Siam ( Pangasius hypophthalmus withIchthyophthirius multifiliis vaccine was conducted in the Laboratorium of Parasitic and Fish Diseases,Faculty Fisheries and Marine Science of Riau University, and Laboratorium of Fish Health of FacultyFisheries and Marine Science, IPB. The objective of the study was to enhance immune system of the fishfry on the ichthyophthiriasis diseases. The vaccine was prepared by prolonged treatment of theron in waterbath of 47°C for 30 minutes. The vaccine was administrated to fish by immersion in aquaria. A completelyrandomized design (CRD in factorial pattern (3 X 3 X 3 was carried out with dose and time as factors.Doses of treatment and time of immersion were of 1 ml/L, 2 ml/L and 3 ml/L as well as 15, 30 and 45minutes of treatment time respectively. To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccine in fish, a challenge test tofish was done at day 15 with theron 90.000 cell/ aquaria until rearing day 25 after vaccination. It revealedthat the best performance (p<0.5 were of dose 3 ml/L and time treatment of 15 minutes in that survivalrate of fish was 100% followed by dose 3 ml/L with time 45 minutes (63,3%. The total erythrocyte count,hematocrit level and hemoglobin of tested fish were fluctuated. The water quality were recorded including;dissolved oxygen range from 3,74 - 4,98 ppm; temperature 25 - 30°C and acidity of 4 - 6, quality were ofnormal range for fish. The optimal vaccine dose is 3 ml/l with 15 minute immersion.

Comparison of cadmium and chromium bioconcentration factors between scaled and scale less fish species: common carp and sutchi (striped catfish

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Sideh Zainab Abedi

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Background: Water-borne, indissoluble heavy metals are bioaccumulated in fish (human food source. In this research, chromium (Cr and cadmium (Cd bioconcentration factors (BCFs in the skin, gills, scales, livers and muscles of two widely-consumed fish species, scaled common carp Cyprinus carpio and scaleless catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus were compared. Material and Methods: Lethal concentrations of Cd and Cr (64.89 & 7.46, and 84.8 & 17.05 mg/L for the catfish and carp, respectively were determined during 96 hrs (96 h LC50, and the fishes were exposed for 15 days. Then the tissue samples were chemically digested and the contents of Cd and Cr were determined using atomic absorption. Results: Total contents of Cr and Cd in the catfish's tissues were 2286.11 & 360.73, and those of Cr & Cd in carp were 734.71 & 725.67 μg/g.dw (excluding the scales, respectively. Metal concentrations in the water residues (day 15 revealed lower Cr and Cd (0.059 & 0.0036 mg/L in the catfish than those in the carp media (0.1 & 0.0412 mg/L, respectively. In common carp, BCF of Cd was as liver > skin > gills > muscle > scales, and those in the catfish marked as liver>muscle >gills >skin. The BCF of Cr in common carp ranked as gills>liver>skin>scales>muscle, and the catfish showing a BCF pattern of Cr as liver> muscle>skin>gills. Conclusion: This study signifies that small amounts of cadmium and chromium with high BCFs especially in the muscles of scale less fish (catfish threat consumers’ health.

Concours annuels Academie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-mer

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Royal Academy for Overseas Sciences

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Yearly competitions Royal Academy for Overseas Sciences. L'Organisation des Nations Unies, face aux inégalités croissantes a initié le processus des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement (OMD qui doivent être réalisés d'ici 2015. L'atteinte des huit OMD devrait permettre de réduire la pauvreté et d'améliorer les conditions de vie des populations. L'élevage est pratiqué par une grande partie de la population mondiale surtout les plus pauvres. Il est pourvoyeur d'emplois et contribue à l'émancipation des femmes grâce aux revenus générés par la vente des produits animaux. Les animaux d'élevage sont également utilisés pour le transport et la culture attelée. La forte densité en nutriments des produits animaux en fait des aliments de choix pour améliorer l'état nutritionnel des enfants. La domestication des espèces animales sauvages et le développement de l'aquaculture contribuent à réduire les prélèvements dans la nature et à protéger la biodiversité. Le développement d'un élevage durable et raisonné peut donc positivement impacter plusieurs secteurs et doper la croissance économique des pays. Ce qui peut aider les pays en développement à se rapprocher des OMD d'ici 2015. La note présente également les pré-requis pour rendre effective la contribution de l'élevage aux.

An extraordinary gobioid fish fossil from Southern France.

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Christoph Gierl

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The classification of gobioid fishes is still under discussion. Several lineages, including the Eleotridae and Butidae, remain difficult to characterize because synapomorphies are rare (Eleotridae or have not yet been determined (Butidae. Moreover, the fossil record of these groups is scarce. RESULTS: Exceptionally well-preserved fish fossils with otoliths in situ from uppermost Oligocene sediments (≈23-24 Mio. y. ago in Southern France provide the most in-depth description of a fossil gobioid to date. The species was initially described as Cottus aries Agassiz, then transferred to †Lepidocottus Sauvage, and subsequently assigned to Gobius. Based on a comparative analysis of meristic, osteological and otolith data, this species most likely is a member of the family Butidae. This discovery is important because it represents the first record of a fossil butid fish based on articulated skeletons from Europe. SIGNIFICANCE: The Butidae and Eleotridae are currently distributed in W-Africa, Madagascar, Asia and Australia, but they do not appear in Europe and also not in the Mediterranean Sea. The new results indicate that several species of the Butidae thrived in Europe during the Oligocene and Early Miocene. Similar to the recent Butidae and Eleotridae, these fishes were adapted to a wide range of salinities and thrived in freshwater, brackish and marginal marine habitats. The fossil Butidae disappeared from Europe and the Mediterranean and Paratethys areas during the Early Miocene, due probably to their lack of competitiveness compared to other Gobioidei that radiated during this period of time. In addition, this study documents the great value of otoliths for gobioid systematics.

The Undervalued Role of Ecosystem Carbon in Climate Change Mitigation

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Klimos

2011-01-01

Full Text Available L'Organisation des Nations Unies, face aux inégalités croissantes a initié le processus des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement (OMD qui doivent être réalisés d'ici 2015. L'atteinte des huit OMD devrait permettre de réduire la pauvreté et d'améliorer les conditions de vie des populations. L'élevage est pratiqué par une grande partie de la population mondiale surtout les plus pauvres. Il est pourvoyeur d'emplois et contribue à l'émancipation des femmes grâce aux revenus générés par la vente des produits animaux. Les animaux d'élevage sont également utilisés pour le transport et la culture attelée. La forte densité en nutriments des produits animaux en fait des aliments de choix pour améliorer l'état nutritionnel des enfants. La domestication des espèces animales sauvages et le développement de l'aquaculture contribuent à réduire les prélèvements dans la nature et à protéger la biodiversité. Le développement d'un élevage durable et raisonné peut donc positivement impacter plusieurs secteurs et doper la croissance économique des pays. Ce qui peut aider les pays en développement à se rapprocher des OMD d'ici 2015. La note présente également les pré-requis pour rendre effective la contribution de l'élevage aux.

26th soil science society of east africa conference on theme "Strategic Management of Soil Resources to Mitigate Climate Change for a Prosperous East Africa Region"

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Soil Science Society of East Africa

2011-01-01

Full Text Available L'Organisation des Nations Unies, face aux inégalités croissantes a initié le processus des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement (OMD qui doivent être réalisés d'ici 2015. L'atteinte des huit OMD devrait permettre de réduire la pauvreté et d'améliorer les conditions de vie des populations. L'élevage est pratiqué par une grande partie de la population mondiale surtout les plus pauvres. Il est pourvoyeur d'emplois et contribue à l'émancipation des femmes grâce aux revenus générés par la vente des produits animaux. Les animaux d'élevage sont également utilisés pour le transport et la culture attelée. La forte densité en nutriments des produits animaux en fait des aliments de choix pour améliorer l'état nutritionnel des enfants. La domestication des espèces animales sauvages et le développement de l'aquaculture contribuent à réduire les prélèvements dans la nature et à protéger la biodiversité. Le développement d'un élevage durable et raisonné peut donc positivement impacter plusieurs secteurs et doper la croissance économique des pays. Ce qui peut aider les pays en développement à se rapprocher des OMD d'ici 2015. La note présente également les pré-requis pour rendre effective la contribution de l'élevage aux.

Pemurnian Minyak Ikan Patin dari Hasil Samping Pengasapan Ikan

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Rodiah Nurbayasari

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Isi perut merupakan hasil samping pengasapan ikan patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus yang jumlahnya mencapai 5-6%/hari dari jumlah ikan yang diasap. Jumlah hasil samping yang besar tersebut apabila tidak diolah dapat mencemari lingkungan. Masyarakat pengolah di Kabupaten Kampar, Riau telah mengekstraksi isi perut tersebut menjadi minyak ikan kasar dengan produksi 110 L/hari. Untuk itu diperlukan teknologi pemurnian yang dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi minyak ikan kasar yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan pemurnian minyak kasar hasil samping pengasapan ikan patin dengan menggunakan empat metode pemurnian. Masing-masing metode pemurnian tersebut memiliki perbedaan seperti konsentrasi bentonit, waktu dan suhu proses, konsentrasi NaOH pada proses netralisasi, dan penggunaan asam sitrat atau natrium klorida pada proses degumming. Bahan penelitian yang digunakan adalah dua jenis minyak ikan patin kasar yaitu hasil ekstraksi isi perut ikan patin dengan pengukusan dan hasil ekstraksi dengan pemanasan. Sebelum dan setelah dimurnikan, minyak ikan dianalisis bilangan asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida, bilangan iodin, warna, dan profil asam lemak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada minyak ikan hasil ekstraksi dengan pengukusan yang dimurnikan menggunakan metode I, terjadi penurunan nilai asam lemak bebas sebesar 50,79%; peroksida sebesar 23,75%; dan peningkatan angka iodin 20,99%. Sedangkan pada minyak ikan hasil ekstraksi dengan pemanasan yang telah dimurnikan menggunakan metode II terjadi penurunan nilai asam lemak bebas sebesar 50,30%; peroksida 49,77%; dan peningkatan angka iodin 30,92% Pemurnian minyak ikan patin terbaik dihasilkan dari minyak hasil ekstraksi dengan pengukusan yang dimurnikan dengan metode I dan minyak hasil ekstraksi dengan pemanasan yang dimurnikan dengan metode II karena telah memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan oleh International Association of Fish Meal Manufactures, International Fish Oil Standard, dan standar

Copper use and accumulation in catfish culture in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.

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Marcussen, Helle; Løjmand, Helle; Dalsgaard, Anders; Hai, Dao M; Holm, Peter E

2014-01-01

Aquaculture of Pangasius hypophthalmus (striped catfish) in Vietnam reached 1.1 million tonnes in 2011 and catfish fillets are exported worldwide. The intensive cultures of catfish mainly in earth ponds have made it necessary to apply CuSO4 and other chemicals to control external parasites and other pathogens. However, accumulation of Cu in aquaculture ponds may pose a hazard to growth of fish or to the aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to determine accumulation of Cu in sediment, water and fish in a catfish pond with a history of repeated treatment with CuSO4 in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Copper concentrations in pond sediment were in the interval 21.3-45.7 mg kg(-1) dw and did not exceed the Vietnamese values for soil to be used for agricultural production (70 mg kg(-1) dw.). During three samplings the total mean concentration of Cu in pond water (4 μg L(-1)) did not exceed the LC50-value (70 μg L(-1)) for catfish and the mean dissolved concentration of Cu (0.986 μg L(-1)) did not seem to constitute a risk for the stability of the aquatic ecosystem. No significant variation in Cu concentrations between sampling sites in the pond and depth of sediment profile were determined. The accumulation of Cu in catfish was highest in the liver compared to the skin, gills and muscle tissue. With the current practice of removing pond sludge three to four times during a production cycle little if any Cu seems to accumulate in catfish ponds despite repeated anti-parasite treatments with CuSO4. Further studies are needed to assess the eco-toxicity and impact on agricultural production when pond sediment is discharged into aquatic recipients and used as soil fertilizer.

La contribution des jeux au développement des lettres et des arts en Grèce Ancienne

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Nikolaos Yalouns

1988-11-01

Full Text Available L'importance de l'athlétisme dans la vie courante n'a jamais été aussi forte qu'en Grèce ancienne, à cause de son rapport avec la religion et du poids de l'idéologie de la compétition, de l'agonistique. Les concours sportifs non seulement prenaient place lors des fêtes religieuses, mais leur siège se trouvait auprès des temples et des grands sanctuarires. Les diverses modalités de compétition étaient censées avoir été instituées par les dieux eux-mêmes. D'autre part, les rapports avec les jeux funéralres sont évidents, alnsi qu'avec d'autres rituels, tels le choix de l'époux ou la sucession au thrône. L'émulation, par ailleurs, était a la racine du concept d'excellence. L'idéal de plénitude de i'homme grec, l'exploit (physique et intellectuel était capable de distinguer l'homme rationnel de la nature sauvage et illogique. Agon (combat et Nike (victoire ont été personnifiés de bonne heure. L'agon était la sève de l'activité des athiètes mais également des poètes, orateurs, musiciens, sculpteurs, peintres, céramlstes etc. Les lieux d'entraînement (palestres et gymnases sont vite devenus de vérltables centres d'éducation générale. Enfin, le milieu sportif a fourni à la littérature et à l'art grec l'inspiration, les sujets et les modèles dont ils se sont nourris pendant toute leur histolre.

Effects of copper sulfate-oxidized or myeloperoxidase- modified LDL on lipid loading and programmed cell death in macrophages under hypoxia

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Vlaminck B

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Benoit Vlaminck,1 Damien Calay,1 Marie Genin,1 Aude Sauvage,1 Noelle Ninane,1 Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia,2 Martine Raes,1 Carine Michiels1 1Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; 2Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, CHU de Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium Abstract: Atheromatous plaques contain heavily lipid-loaded macrophages that die, hence generating the necrotic core of these plaques. Since plaque instability and rupture is often correlated with a large necrotic core, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying foam cell death. Furthermore, macrophages within the plaque are associated with hypoxic areas but little is known about the effect of low oxygen partial pressure on macrophage death. The aim of this work was to unravel macrophage death mechanisms induced by oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL both under normoxia and hypoxia. Differentiated macrophages were incubated in the presence of native, copper sulfate-oxidized, or myeloperoxidase-modified LDL. The unfolded protein response, apoptosis, and autophagy were then investigated. The unfolded protein response and autophagy were triggered by myeloperoxidase-modified LDL and, to a larger extent, by copper sulfate-oxidized LDL. Electron microscopy observations showed that oxidized LDL induced excessive autophagy and apoptosis under normoxia, which were less marked under hypoxia. Myeloperoxidase-modified LDL were more toxic and induced a higher level of apoptosis. Hypoxia markedly decreased apoptosis and cell death, as marked by caspase activation. In conclusion, the cell death pathways induced by copper sulfate-oxidized and myeloperoxidase-modified LDL are different and are differentially modulated by hypoxia. Keywords: Ox-LDL, myeloperoxidase, hypoxia, UPR, apoptosis, autophagy, macrophages

Écologie des stomoxes (Diptera : Muscidae au Gabon. I – Premier inventaire dans différentes zones écologiques

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Mavoungou J.F.

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Les stomoxes (Stomoxys spp. sont des diptères hématophages, vecteurs potentiels de divers agents pathogènes. Comme ceux de la région afrotropicale en général, les stomoxes du Gabon demeurent mal connus. Pour ces raisons, une enquête entomologique a été conduite de façon transversale dans huit localités représentatives des diverses zones écologiques du Gabon. L’enquête est basée sur l’utilisation de pièges Vavoua. Divers facteurs environnementaux pouvant influer sur les captures ont été relevés et inclus dans une analyse canonique des correspondances. Au total, 15 966 stomoxes, appartenant à sept espèces ou sous-espèces, ont été capturés. Les densités apparentes (DAP, exprimées en nombre de stomoxes par piège et par jour, sont importantes dans les localités de Franceville (41, Bakoumba (40, Makokou (25 et Mouila (21. Les espèces les plus abondantes sont Stomoxys n. niger (33,4 % de l’ensemble des captures, S. transvittatus (33 % puis S. calcitrans (17 %. Les principaux facteurs qui expliquent la variabilité des captures sont le degré d’anthropisation du milieu, le faciès botanique (savane ou forêt, la présence de la faune sauvage et domestique et la nature de la couverture végétale du sol. S. calcitrans et S. n. niger sont abondants dans les zones où la présence humaine est manifeste. S. xanthomelas est inféodé aux zones forestières. S. transvittatus, S. omega, et S. inornatus sont des espèces ubiquistes. S. niger bilineatus se retrouve dans les zones de savane.

Reproductive biology of Chromidotilapia guntheri (Sauvage, 1882 (Cichlidae, Perciformes in four coastal rivers (Ehania, Noé, Soumié and Eholié of Côte d’Ivoire in West Africa

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Boussou C.K.

2010-05-01

Full Text Available The reproductive activities of a small Cichlid Chromidotilapia guntheri were investigated from July 2003 to March 2005 in four coastal rivers (Ehania, Eholié, Noé and Soumié, in the southeast of Côte d’Ivoire. Trends in gonadosomatic indices and reproductive stages of development suggested that C. guntheri is a multiple (fractional spawner and breeds all year round with little fluctuation in spawning intensity. However, spawning activities were more intensive in August and September. The estimated mean standard length at first maturity did not differ significantly between rivers. It was, in the overall population, 85.53 mm SL for males and 100.13 mm SL for females. In general, the sex ratio differed from 1:1 with the predominance of the males in rivers, standard length classes, seasons and the entire population. Absolute fecundity (F varied from a minimum of 70 to a maximum of 470 eggs. The range of variation in the relative fecundity was from 3066 to 9135 eggs per kilogram of fish in the total population. Fecundity did not differ extensively between rivers. The absolute fecundity relations to fish standard length (SL and eviscerated weight (We were best described in the whole population by the following equations: F = 0.00069 × SL2.72 and F = 2.54 × We1.15, respectively. Moreover, there was no relationship between absolute fecundity and oocyte diameter.

Behavior of the natural and cultivated flora in the presence of air pollutant report. Etude du comportement de la flore sauvage ou cultivee a l'egard des pollutants

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Bossavy, J.

1971-01-01

A complex study of the effects of air pollution by fluorine compounds on the vegetation in the Vallee de l Arc, Vallee de la Romanche, and Vallee de la Durance regions in France is presented. Iris, Veratrum, album, Picea excelsa, Pinus sylvestris, Abies alba, Polygonatum vulgare, Silene inflata. Gentiana lutea, Hypericum species, and Vaccinium myrtillus were the most sensitive species. Coniferous needles which tend to accumulate fluorine were most susceptible to fluorine which caused necrosis, premature loss of needles, and reduced growth. Vast expanses of dead coniferous forests were detected. The fluorine concentrations in the air, determined by means of exposed, calcium hydroxide-impregnated filter paper, ranged from 2.77 to 2.82 g/sq cm/day.

Larval, pre-juvenile and juvenile development of Diapterus peruvianus (Perciformes: Gerreidae

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Sylvia Patricia Adelheid Jiménez Rosenberg

2003-06-01

Full Text Available The development of Diapterus peruvianus (Sauvage 1879 is based on 60 larvae collected in superficial tows made in Bahía Concepción, and on 16 prejuvenile and juvenile organisms collected in Bahía de La Paz, B. C. S., México, using a standard plankton net and a rectangular epibenthonic net, respectively. Larvae of D. peruvianus show three large blotches on the dorsum of the gut that can fuse together and give the appearance of one large continuous blotch. There are two to three pre-anal pigments and 16 post-anal pigments in the ventral midline; cephalic pigments are present from the postflexion stage, as well as a serrated preoperculum. The prejuvenile and juvenile organisms are distinguished by their body depth, the analfin formula, the serrated preoperculum and the base pigments in the dorsal and anal fins.El desarrollo de Diapterus peruvianus se analizó con base en 60 larvas recolectadas en Bahía Concepción y 16 pre-juveniles y juveniles recolectados en la Ensenada de La Paz, B. C. S. México, usando respectivamente, una red estándar de plancton en arrastres superficiales y una red epibentónica para arrastres de plancton. Las larvas presentan desde la pre-flexión tres manchas alargadas sobre la superficie dorsal de la masa visceral, que pueden unirse y dar apariencia de pigmentación continua, observándose hasta 16 pigmentos post-anales en la línea media ventral y de dos a tres pigmentos pre-anales; la pigmentación cefálica así como la forma aserrada del pre-opérculo característica del género, aparecen a partir de la post-flexión. Los organismos pre-juveniles y juveniles se distinguen por la profundidad del cuerpo, la fórmula de la aleta anal, la fina forma aserrada del pre-opérculo y la pigmentación en la base de las aletas dorsal y anal.

La sociologie économique de Thorstein Veblen ; pertinences et impertinences d’une pensée à contre-courant

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Dimitri della Faille

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Thorstein Veblen a su développer une analyse rigoureuse et originale de la société américaine au début du XXe siècle. L’analyse véblénienne tient son originalité du regard d’étranger que pose l’auteur sur sa société ainsi que sur les sources intellectuelles diverses où il a puisé ses influences. Après avoir présenté en quoi le regard de Veblen sur le capitalisme sauvage diffère radicalement des autres auteurs de son époque, nous identifions les principales sources intellectuelles de sa pensée, soit la philosophie kantienne, le pragmatisme, l’École historique allemande, les théories évolutionnistes et le socialisme. Nous montrons ensuite comment ces influences lui ont permis de développer une théorie de l’évolution des institutions économiques, à bien des égards supérieures aux théories néo-institutionnalistes contemporaines, lui permettant de critiquer radicalement une Amérique dominée des institutions « imbéciles ».Thorstein Veblen managed to develop a meticulous and original analysis of American society in the beginning of the XXth century. The diversity of its intellectual influences and the look on his society from a stranger’s point of view are the basis of Veblen’s originality. After introducing the reasons of Veblen’s outside point of view, we identify the main intellectual sources of his thought: Kantian philosophy, pragmatism, German historical school, evolutionary theory and socialism. Finally, we show how these influences allowed him to develop an evolutionary theory of economic institutions, which remains superior to neo-intitutionalist theory on many points, in order to produce a radical critique of America as it is dominated by imbecile institutions.

World heritage site - Bien du Patrimoine Mondial - Kluane/Wrangell-St. Elias/Glacier Bay/Tatshenshini-Alsek

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Labay, Keith A.; Wilson, Frederic H.

2004-01-01

The four parks depicted on this map make up a single World Heritage Site that covers 24.3 million acres. Together, they comprise the largest internationally protected land-based ecosystem on the planet. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) established the World Heritage Program in 1972 for the identification and protection of the world?s irreplaceable natural and cultural resources. World Heritage Sites are important as storehouses of memory and evolution, as anchors for sustainable tourism and community, and as laboratories for the study and understanding of the earth and culture. This World Heritage Site protects the prominent mountain ranges of Kluane, Wrangell, Saint Elias, and Chugach. It includes many of the tallest peaks on the continent, the world's largest non-polar icefield, extensive glaciers, vital watersheds, and expanses of dramatic wilderness. [Les quatre parcs figurant sur cette carte ne constituent qu?un seul site du patrimoine mondial recouvrant plus de 99 millions de km2, ce qui en fait le plus grand ecosysteme terrestre protege par loi internationale. En 1972, L?UNESCO (l?organisation des Nations Unies pour les sciences, l'education et la culture) a etabli le programme du patrimoine mondial afin d?identifier et de proteger les ressources naturelles et culturelles irremplacables de notre plan?te. Si les sites du patrimoine mondial sont si importants c'est parce qu'ils representent a la fois des livres ouverts sur l?histoire de la Terre, le point de depart du tourisme durable et du developpement des collectivites, des laboratoires pour etudier et comprendre la nature et la culture. Ce site du patrimoine mondial assure la protection des chaines de montagnes de Kluane, Wrangell, Saint Elias, et Chugach. On y trouve plusieurs des plus hauts sommets du continent, le plus grand champ de glace non-polaire du monde, d?immenses glaciers, des bassins hydrologiques essentiels, et de la nature sauvage a perte de vue.

Etude comparative de la diversité et de la structure génétique de populations sauvages de Phaseolus lunatus L. à l’aide des marqueurs enzymatiques et microsatellites

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Baudoin JP.

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Comparative study of genetic diversity and structure of wild Phaseolus lunatus L. populations using enzymatic and microsatellite markers. Genetic diversity within and among Phaseolus lunatus L. var. silvester populations from the central valley of Costa Rica was studied using enzymes and microsatellite markers. As expected, microsatellite markers showed more genetic diversity than enzymes markers. However, the relatively moderate genetic diversity displayed can be explained by restricted origin of samples to the central valley of Costa Rica or by the source of the primer. Total genetic diversity (HT and within population genetic diversity (HS were underestimated with enzyme markers. The contribution of among population genetic diversity (DST to total genetic diversity was similar for both markers. Enzymes and microsatellite markers pointed out a high inbreeding level for whole population (FIT and within population (FIS. Within population genetic diversity represents 70% for both genetic markers. So, Lima bean wild populations at the central valley of Costa Rica may constitute valid in situ conservation unit. Wild populations natural sites are submitted to an accelerate change of land use because of demographic pressure and agriculture intensification. It is necessary to conduct an ex situ conservation associated with an in situ conservation. Seeds from the most threatened populations should be collected for an ex situ conservation.

Uses and management of Aphandra Natalia (palmae in Ecuador

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1992-01-01

Full Text Available UTILISATIONS ET MISE EN VALEUR DE APHANDRA NATALIA (PALMAE EN EQUATEUR. Aphandra natalia (Balslev & Henderson Barfod est un palmier Phytelephantoidé de l’Amazonie occidentale. En Équateur il est exploité commercialement pour ses fruits comestibles, et pour les fibres de la gousse et du pétiole de la feuille dont on se sert pour fabriquer les balais dans tout le pays. Les fibres sont extraites principalement des individus sauvages de la forêt ou de ceux qui se trouvent dans les pâturages et les zones agricoles et qui sont exploités in situ. L’exploitation comprend la protection du palmier lorsque la forêt est coupée, l’enlèvement sélectif d’autre végétation et des techniques de récolte non-destructives. De temps à autre A. natalia se cultive. USOS Y MANEJO DE APHANDRA NATALIA (PALMAE EN ECUADOR. Aphandra natalia (Balslev & Henderson Barfod es una palma Phytelephantoideae de la Amazonia occidental. En el Ecuador es explotada comercialmente por sus frutos comestibles, y por las fibras de la vaina y del pecíolo de la hoja que son usadas para la producción de escobas en todo el país. Las fibras son extraídas principalmente de individuos en el bosque natural o de plantas dejadas en los pastizales y en los campos agrícolas, y manejadas in situ. El manejo incluye dejar en pie la palma cuando el bosque es talado, la remoción selectiva de otra vegetación y las técnicas de cosecha no destructivas. Ocasionalmente A. natalia es cultivada. Aphandra natalia (Balslev & Henderson Barfod is a Phytelephantoid palm from the western Amazon. In Ecuador it is commercially exploited for its edible fruits, and for its leaf sheath and petiole fibers which are used for brooms throughout the country. Fibers are extracted mainly from wild individuals in the forest or those left in pastures and agricultural areas and managed in situ. Management includes protecting the palm when forest is cleared, selective removal of other vegetation, and non

Food rationing during World War two: a special case of sustainable consumption? Rationnement alimentaire pendant la seconde guerre mondiale : Un cas particulier de consommation durable ?

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Iselin Theien

2009-12-01

Full Text Available This article explores some of the strategies applied by consumers for making-do during the Second World War in Norway. By reducing waste, using various substitutes and exploiting underused natural resources such as wild plants, birds, and alternative marine sources of nutrition, Norwegian consumers adapted their diet to a situation of food scarcity. However, their everyday consumption was primarily governed by the regulatory framework installed for dealing with the crisis, namely the rationing system. By 1942, almost all common foods had been placed under rationing. Despite of the many bureaucratic inconveniences of this system, it was largely supported by consumers, who accepted it as a socially just mechanism for distributing scarce resources. The article brings up the question of how far the willingness of consumers to accept rationing was a unique experience of the war, or whether one might imagine a similar design for purposes of sustainable consumption.Cet article explore quelques unes des stratégies utilisées par les consommateurs pour survivre pendant la 2è guerre mondiale en Norvège. En limitant les déchets, en utilisant des produits de substitution ainsi que les ressources de la nature telles que plantes sauvages, oiseaux et aliments marins alternatifs, les consommateurs norvégiens ont pu adapter leur alimentation à cette période de pénurie alimentaire. La nourriture quotidienne était toutefois essentiellement encadrée par la réglementation mise en place afin de faire face à la crise, c’est à dire le système de rationnement. En 1942, presque tous les aliments étaient rationnés. En dépit de ses nombreux inconvénients administratifs, le rationnement fut quand même soutenu par les consommateurs, qui l’acceptèrent comme un système socialement équitable pour la distribution des maigres ressources. L’article développe la question suivante : l’acceptation du rationnement par les consommateurs norvégiens est

L'activité de butinage des Apoides sauvages (Hymenoptera Apoidea sur les fleurs de maïs à Yaounde (Cameroon et réflexions sur la pollinisation des graminées tropicales

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Tchuenguem-Fohouo F.N.

2002-01-01

Full Text Available The gatering activity of wild bees (Hymenoptera Apoidea on flowers of maize at Yaound (Cameroon and further considerations on pollination of the tropical Gramineae. At Nkolbisson (Yaounde, Cameroon, in May 1991, flowers of maize (Zea mays L; Poaceae were observed for the study of pollen gathering by five different species of wild bees: one Apidae Meliponinae (Dactylurina staudingeri and four Halictidae Nomiinae (Lipotriches andrei, Lipotriches langi, Lipotriches notabilis and Leuconomia granulata. Each of these Apoidea is well attracted by pollen of maize. The larger number of bees foraging at the same time on a panicle varies from one with Dactylurina staudingeri to four with Lipotriches andrei and Lipotriches notabilis. Generally, bees forage maize during the whole day and during the full flowering period but visits are more numerous in the morning and during the period of intense flowering. Median duration of a visit on a male spikelet varies from 1 sec with Dactylurina staudingeri to 7 sec with Lipotriches andrei. These Apoidea have an elaborated behaviour when gathering pollen of maize. Dactylurina staudingeri however seems less adapted to the floral morphology of Poaceae comparing with Lipotriches. When foraging maize, all these bees are regular visitors to flowers of this plant, even in the presence of other flower species in the vicinity of the crop. Bees studied have a positive impact on the yield of grains due to a complementary action with the well known one of the wind. The influence is indirect as the bees are seldom visiting the stigmates. The explanation is that when the bees are very common on the panicles they shake the anthers, inducing the release of pollen grains in the atmosphere even in the days without wind. The part of wild bees in the increase of yields is estimated to 3/ while the one of the domestic bees (Apis mellifera is estimated to 21/ in that locality. The authors are reviewing existing literature on grass crop pollination and on Poaceae in general by various species of bees. For a better integrated crop management of maize in Cameroon, it is suggested to conserve the nesting sites of Lipotriches in surrounding areas of crops and to avoid unjustified use of pesticides during the flowering period.

Tolérance de quelques cultivars de manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz et de l'espèce sauvage (Manihot glaziovii à la mosaïque virale africaine et à la cercosporiose du manioc

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Ongono, YSB.

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Tolerance of some Cassava Cultivars (Manihot esculenta Crantz and the Wild Species (M. Glaziovii to Cassava Mosaic Virus Disease and Brown Leaf Spot. A study of the tolerance of three cultivars of Manihot esculenta Crantz (one local cultivar, Alot-Bikon, and two improved: IITA 8034, IITA 8061 and wild cassava (M. glaziovii collected from the Mbam and Kim forest (Cameroon towards the cassava mosaic virus disease (CMVD and brown leaf spot (BLS, was carried out in Yaoundé. CMVD was studied under natural conditions, whereas BLS was inoculated through a solution of Cercospora henningsii in concentration around 20 × 10² conidia/ml. Sixteen weeks after planting the cuttings, M. glaziovii plants were tallest (156 cm, whereas highest number of leaves (113 was obtained on the IITA 8061 cultivar. The lowest infection degrees by CMVD (17.2% and BLS (2.7% were registered on the wild species. Consequently, wild species seem to be more tolerant of the diseases studied. IITA 8061 cultivar is moderately resistant to CMVD (28.9% and rather resistant to BLS (7.8%. Cultivars IITA 8034 and the local variety are more sensitive respectively to CMVD (53.1 and 54.5% and BLS (18.8 and 32.8%. The highest yield in tubers was obtained from cultivar IITA 8061 (34.5 t/ha followed by IITA 8034 (32.1 t/ha and local cultivar, Alot-Bbikon (15.6 t/ha. These results show that the tolerance of cassava cultivars to disease has a large influence on tuber yield.

Les désastres de la guerre

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Jean-Philippe Chimot

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Inventées entre 1810 et 1820, publiées en 1863, les eaux-fortes de Goya intitulées « Désastres de la guerre » ont imposé dans l’art l’existence d’un nouveau point de vue sur la guerre, perçue comme choc sauvage entre bourreaux et victimes. Dans un conflit sans règles, Goya invente une iconographie éloignée de la noblesse des styles contemporains ( rococo tardif ou néo-classique, sans pour autant se perdre dans l’inévitable opportunisme des estampes courantes. La force actuelle du Goya des « Désastres » tient à ce qu’il ouvre sur ce que, peut-être, il pressentait, l’insupportable cruauté des rapports entre les peuples, comme si les Lumières désormais accentuaient des ombres qui nous cernent toujours.Inventados entre 1810 y 1820 y publicados en 1863, los aguafuertes de Goya titulados «Desastres de la guerra» han impuesto en el arte la existencia de una nueva perspectiva de la guerra percibida como un enfrentamiento salvaje entre víctimas y verdugos. En un conflicto sin reglas, Goya inventa una iconografía alejada de la nobleza de los estilos contemporáneos (rococó tardío o neo-clasicismo, sin perderse por ello en el oportunismo inevitable de las imágenes cotidianas. La fuerza actual del Goya de los «Desastres» se fundamenta en su visión de lo que tal vez presentía, la insoportable crueldad de las relaciones entre los pueblos, como si en lo sucesivo las Luces acentuaran las sombras que continuamente se ciernen sobre nosotros.Realized between 1810 and 1820, then published in 1863, Goya’s etchings entitled Disasters of War imposed on the art world a new way of viewing war, perceived as a brutal clash between torturers and their victims. For this conflict with no holds barred, Goya invents an iconography less noble than the contemporary styles (late Rococo or Neo-Classical, without however falling victim to the inevitable opportunism of the period’s popular engravings. Today, the strength of Goya�

Rituels, territoires et pouvoirs dans les marges sino-indiennes

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Grégoire Schlemmer

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Faisant suite à l’idée de Paul Mus concernant l’existence d’une « religion cadastrale » constitutive de l’organisation socio-religieuse du « socle asien », nous proposons d’approcher de manière comparative les rituels liés à la prospérité du territoire des populations vivant en marge des pouvoirs étatiques des régions sinisées et indianisées, ce que nous appelons ici les « marges sino-indiennes ». Ces rituels s’organisent autour d’un schéma récurrent dont nous analysons les détails et les variantes. Il s’agit d’une force du lieu, naturelle et sauvage, pacifiée par un ancêtre fondateur, lequel en devient avec ses descendants les sacrificateurs représentant la communauté toute entière. En légitimant l’occupation d’un espace par un groupe et en favorisant sa fertilité, ces rituels sont le lieu de cristallisation de nombreux enjeux imbriqués qui impliquent tout à la fois les sources de la subsistance, la légitimité d’occuper un territoire, mais aussi les formes d’appartenance et l’exercice du pouvoir interne au groupe et dans sa relation avec ses voisins et les centres de pouvoir qui les englobent.Taking Paul Mus’s idea of a “cadastral religion” as part of the socio-religious organisation of the “Asian base” further, we propose approaching rituals linked to the territorial prosperity of groups living on the margins of state power in the Chinese and Indian worlds in a comparative way. These rituals are organised around the recurring schema of a force of place, both natural and wild, which was pacified by a founding ancestor who, along with his descendants, became the sacrificers representing the entire community—a schema the details and variations of which we have analysed. By legitimising the occupation of a space by one group and promoting its fertility, these rituals are where many interlocking stakes are crystallised. These involve the sources of subsistence and the

Cloisonné kidney in mouflon sheep (Ovis orientalis musimon

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Hervás, J.

2002-12-01

Full Text Available This study describes a case of cloisonné kidney associated with infection by Babesia ovis in a wild mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimonj found dead in year in eastern Sierra Morena (Andalusia, Spain. The major macroscopic lesions were a icteric coloration in ocular and oral mucosa, and b dark metal coloration on the kidneys' external surface. Intense dark coloration alternating with intense greyish strips was observed on renal cortex sections. Blood samples were collected for haematological and parasitological analyses, as well as samples from various organs for histopathological examination. Infection by B. ovis was confirmed by using the Polymerase Chain Reaction test (PCR. Histopathological examination revealed tubulonephrosis associated with thickening of the basal membrane of the convoluted portions of the renal tubules (both proximal and distal, which took on an intense brownish pigmentation. These renal lesions have been described as "cloisonné" kidney. Cloisonné kidneys show uncommon coloring of the renal tubular system, associated with ferritin and hemosiderin deposits in these structures resulting from a chronic hemolitic process (hemoparasites, toxins, etc.. In our case, hemolitic phenomena are associated with infection by B. ovis. The seroprevalence of this hemoparasite in wild mouflon populations in other regions of Spain (Catalonia is up to 15%.

[fr]
Nous étudions un cas de rein cloisonné associé à l'infection par Babesia ovis sur un mouflon sauvage (Ovis orientalis musimon qui a été trouvé la même année dans la partie orientale de la Sierra Morena (Andalousie, Espagne. Les principales lésions macroscopiques étaient: a coloration ictérique sur les muqueuses oculaire et orale, et b coloration métallique foncée sur la partie extérieure du rein. Cette coloration foncée intense alternait avec des bandes grisâtres dans les sections du cortex rénal. Nous avons pris

El conjunto rupestre de Otjompaue Sud, Africa del Sudoeste (Namibia

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Ramón VIÑAS

2009-10-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: La campaña para el estudio del arte rupestre en el Macizo del Erongo (Africa del Sudoeste, Namibia, se desarrolló en 1976 en las zonas de las granjas de Etemba, Anibib y Omandumba West y en el sistema montañoso del Khomas Hochland: Otjompaue Sud, Onduno y Hochfelds. En esta ultima region, objeto de este trabajo, se catalogaron 14 abrigos con pinturas, la mayoría de los cuales situados en la granja de Otjompaue Sud. El arte rupestre de esta zona está en vías de desaparición a causa de la alteración de las losas que forman los abrigos, a pesar de ello se han podido verificar escenas de caza, lucha enfermedad o vejez, pastoreo y danza, junto a grupos de animales salvajes y domésticos, realizados en un estilo naturalista y combinando a menudo dos colores, blanco y rojo, en una misma figura. La falta de trabajos arqueológicos hace prácticamente imposible datar las pinturas aunque parece intuirse una cronología del período Wilton con cerámica, es decir, dentro del primer milenio a. C.RÉSUMÉ: La campagne pour l'étude de l'art rupestre aux montagnes de l'Erongo (Afrique du Sudouest, Namibia, fut réalisée en 1976 dans les terrains des fermes d'Etemba, Anibib et Omandumba West et dans le système montagneux du Khomas Hochland: des fermes d'Otjompaue Sud, Onduno et Hochfelds. Dans cette dernière région du Khomas Hochland on a catalogué 14 abris contenant des peintures rupestres, dont la plupart ont été localisées dans la ferme d'Otjompaue Sud. L'art rupestre de cette zone est en train de disparaître à cause de la grave altération des dalles qui forment les abris. Malgré tout, on a vérifié l'existence de scènes de chasse, lutte, pasteurs, danse, maladie ou vieillesse, auprès d'ensembles d'animaux sauvages et domestiques, réalisés dans un style naturaliste et combinant souvent dans une même figure la couleur blanche et rouge. La datation de ces peintures est presque impossible pour le manque d'études arch

El cura y sus hijos osos o el recorrido civilizador de los hijos de un cura y una osa

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1997-01-01

Full Text Available LE CURE ET SES ENFANTS OURS OU LE PARCOURS CIVILISATEUR DES ENFANTS D’UN CURE ET D’UNE OURSE. Cet article constitue un essai d’interprétation de deux versions quechuas cuzquéniennes du récit panandin connu comme “Jean de l’Ours” ou “Le fils de l’ours”. A partir d’une analyse du symbolisme du récit, la logique profonde qui l’ordonne est mise en lumière: la société humaine et civilisée ne peut se perpétuer sans établir des échanges et une coopération avec les êtres sauvages de l’au-delà. Les protagonistes, fils d’un curé et d’une ourse, ainsi que le curé lui-même, sont les héros médiateurs d’un récit mythique dont la logique prétend aussi s’appliquer aux relations interethniques dans les Andes. Este artículo presenta un ensayo de interpretación de dos versiones quechuas cuzqueñas del relato panandino conocido como “Juan Oso” o “El hijo del oso”. A partir de un análisis del simbolismo del relato, se saca a luz la lógica profunda que lo ordena: la sociedad humana y civilizada no puede perpetuarse sin establecer un intercambio y una cooperación con los seres salvajes del más allá. Los protagonistas, hijos de un cura y una osa, así como el cura mismo, son los héroes mediadores de un relato mítico cuya lógica pretende también aplicarse a las relaciones interétnicas en los Andes. THE PRIEST AND HIS BEAR CHILDREN OR THE PASSAGE TO CIVILIZATION OF THE CHILDREN OF A PRIEST AND A SHE-BEAR. This article sets out to interpret two Cuzco Quechua versions of the pan-Andean tale known as “Juan Oso” or “The Bear’s Son”. The analysis of the story’s symbolism sheds light on the profound logic on which it is based: human and civilized society cannot survive without establishing interchange and cooperation with wild beings from the other world. The protagonist, the son of the priest and the she-bear, as well as the priest himself, are the mediator heroes of a tale whose logic also applies to interethnic

Efficacité d'un exutoire de dévalaison pour smolts de saumon atlantique (Salmo salar L. et comportement des poissons au niveau de l'aménagement hydroélectrique de Camon sur la Garonne

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CROZE O.

1999-04-01

Full Text Available Trois expérimentations ont été conduites de 1996 à 1998 au niveau de la prise d'eau de l'usine hydroélectrique de Camon, sur la Garonne, de manière à tester l'efficacité d'un exutoire de surface destiné aux smolts de saumon atlantique. Ce dispositif de dévalaison est situé en rive gauche, au niveau du plan des grilles. Son efficacité a été évaluée par la méthode de marquage-recapture et le comportement des smolts dans le canal d'amenée a été suivi grâce à la technique de radio-pistage. L'efficacité initiale du dispositif est apparue faible en 1996 (moyenne de 34 % . Le suivi par radio-pistage a révélé que l'emplacement de l'exutoire n'était pas responsable de sa faible efficacité, les poissons stationnant préférentiellement à proximité. Cependant, la présence d'une ascendance masque son entrée. Suite à la mise en place d'une grille de tranquillisation et de platelages horizontaux au niveau de l'entrée de l'exutoire, cette efficacité a été portée à une valeur moyenne de 73 %. De bonnes conditions hydrauliques générales dans le canal d'amenée associées à une hydrodynamique locale favorable aux environs immédiats de l'entrée de l'exutoire s'avèrent indispensables à l'obtention d'une efficacité satisfaisante du dispositif de dévalaison. L'utilisation d'un éclairage nocturne intermittent a non seulement eu un effet sur le comportement des smolts dans le canal d'amenée en maintenant ces derniers dans les zones directement éclairées mais aussi sur les rythmes d'entrée des poissons dans l'exutoire, les passages apparaissant principalement en début d'extinction. La capture de 7 715 salmonidés sauvages a permis d'étudier les rythmes de dévalaison au niveau d'un obstacle. Les pics journaliers de passage semblent liés principalement à de forts débits et/ou à une augmentation de la température de l'eau. L'activité de dévalaison au niveau d'un obstacle apparaît en outre essentiellement

Investigation of antioxidant potential of peptide fractions from the Tra Catfish by-product-derived hydrolysate using Alcalase® 2.4 L FG

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Vo, Tam D. L.; Chung, Duy T. M.; Doan, Kien T.; Le, Duy T.; Trinh, Hung V.

2017-09-01

In this study, the antioxidant capacity of peptide fractions isolated from the Tra Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) by-product-derived proteolysate using ultrafiltration centrifugal devices with 5 distinct molecular-weight cutoffs (MWCOs) of 1 kDa, 3 kDa, 5 kDa, 10 kDa, and 30 kDa was investigated. Firstly, the chemical composition of the Tra Catfish by-products was analyzed. The result showed that the Tra Catfish by-products contained 58.5% moisture, 33.9% crude protein, 50.1% crude lipid and 15.8% ash (on dry weight basis). Secondly, the effects of hydrolysis time, enzyme content on the antioxidant potential of the proteolysate were studied using DPPH• (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method (DPPH• SM) and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential) method. Alcalase® 2.4 L FG was used for hydrolysis. The result of antioxidant activity of the hydrolysate showed that the 50% DPPH• inhibition concentration (IC50) of the hydrolysate reached about 6775 µg/mL which was 1645-fold higher than that of vitamin C and 17-fold higher than that of BHT (ButylatedHydroxytoluene) with the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of the hydrolysate of 14.6% when hydrolysis time was 5 hours, enzyme/substrate (E/S) ratio was 30 U/g protein, hydrolysis temperature was 55°C, and pH was 7.5. The antioxidant potential of hydrolysate using FRAP method reached about 52.12 µM Trolox equivalent which was 53-fold and 18-fold lower than those of vitamin C and BHT, respectively, when the hydrolysis time was 5 h, enzyme/substrate ratio was 30 U/g protein, temperature was 500C, and pH level was 8. Next, the proteolysate was further fractionated using MWCOs of 1 kDa, 3 kDa, 5 kDa, 10 kDa, and 30 kDa and the peptide fractions were investigated for their antioxidant activity. The result showed that the <1 kDa fraction showed strongest antioxidant activity with the IC50 of 1313.31 ± 50.65 µg/mL and FRAP value of 906.90 ± 44.32 µM Trolox equivalent. The second strongest fraction

Juan Puma, el hijo del oso. Cuento quechua de La Jalca, Chachapoyas

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1997-01-01

Full Text Available JUAN PUMA, LE FILS DE L'OURS . CONTE QUECHUA DE LA JALCA, CHACHAPOYAS. Une des fêtes les plus importantes de la communauté de La Jalca, Province de Chachapoyas, Amazonas, est celle de la Saint-Pierre où l’on exécute une danse de l’ours très semblable à celle des ukukus du sud péruvien. Le narrateur du récit que nous publions ici assimile ce rite à l’histoire de Juan Oso (Jean de l’Ours très connue dans le monde andin. L’importance de l’ours dans cette culture des hautes terres amazoniennes est fondamentale. En quechua local, l’ours s’appelle “puma” et partage avec le puma de la forêt les caractéristiques de puissance effrayante et de pouvoirs surnaturels. Le fils de l’ours, Juan, évoque les relations ambiguës liant les “chrétiens” des hautes terres d’Amazonas et les “sauvages” de la forêt. Una de las fiestas más importantes de la comunidad de La Jalca, Provincia de Chachapoyas, Amazonas, es la de San Pedro en la que se representa un baile del oso muy semejante al baile de los ukukus del sur peruano. El narrador del cuento que publicamos aquí asimila este rito a la historia de Juan Oso, muy conocido en el mundo andino. La importancia del oso en esta cultura de la ceja de selva alta es fundamental. En quechua local, el oso se llama “puma” y comparte con el puma de la selva las características de fuerza temible y poderes sobrenaturales. El hijo del oso, Juan, evoca las relaciones ambiguas existentes entre los “cristianos” de la serranía de Amazonas y los “chunchos” de la selva. JUAN PUMA, THE BEAR'S SON. A QUECHUA TALE FROM LA JALCA, CHACHAPOYAS. One of the most important feasts of the community of La Jalca, Province of Amazonas, is that of Saint Peter in which a bear dance similar to the southern Peruvian dance of the ukukus is performed. In the story published here, the narrator assimilates this rite with the tale of Juan Oso, another story which is well known throughout the Andes. The importance of bears

Tras las huellas de los Ñanaigua: de tapii, tapiete y otros salvajes en el Chaco boliviano

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2004-01-01

Full Text Available Parmi les noms de peuples et d’ethnies qui pullulent dans les chroniques coloniales, ceux de Tapii et Tapiete ont mis beaucoup d’auteurs à l’épreuve et ont été qualifiés de véritable “énigme ethnografique”. Ils ont donné lieu, en particulier, à de nombreuses confusions dans la littérature postérieure, faute de prêter attention à leur sens original et générique : “esclaves”, ou “vrais esclaves”. Ainsi, les étiquettes de Tapii et Tapiete ont pu désigner différentes ethnies selon les lieux et les époques. L’article tente d’éclaircir le panorama dans le cas du Chaco bolivien, tout en introduisant un troisième terme générique qui est celui de Ñanaigua ou “sauvages”, et en présentant des données historiques inédites sur les différentes ethnies ainsi appelées au XIXe siècle. Entre los nombres de etnias y pueblos que pululan en las crónicas coloniales, los de tapii y tapiete han puesto a prueba muchos autores y fueron calificados de verdadero “enigma etnográfico”. Han dado lugar, en particular, a muchas confusiones en la literatura posterior, principalmente por no prestar atención a su sentido original y genérico: “esclavos” o “verdaderos esclavos”. Así, las etiquetas de tapii y tapiete han podido designar a diferentes etnias según los lugares y las épocas. El artículo intenta aclarar el panorama en el caso del Chaco boliviano, introduciendo un tercer término genérico que es el de ñanaigua o “salvaje”, y aportando datos históricos inéditos sobre las diferentes etnias así designadas en el siglo XIX. Among the many ethnonyms that proliferate throughout the colonial records, those of tapii and tapiete have challenged a number of scholars, and have even been deemed an “ethnographic enigma.” Largely due to ignorance of their original and generic meaning -“slaves” and “true slaves”- both have given rise to several confusions in subsequent literature. In fact, the labels tapii and tapiete

Gestion en métapopulation de Propithecus coronatus: une approche originale et multidisciplinaire pour la conservation d’une espèce en danger à Madagascar Metapopulation management of Propithecus coronatus : an original and multidisciplinary approach for the conservation of an endangered species in Madagascar

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Delphine Roullet

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Le propithèque couronné, Propithecus coronatus, est l’un des lémuriens les plus menacés à Madagascar. Un projet de conservation a été créé par le Groupe d’Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar (GERP et The Aspinall Foundation en partenariat avec le Programme d’Elevage Européen de l’espèce après la découverte de plusieurs groupes de propithèques couronnés isolés au Centre de Madagascar. L’isolement total de ces groupes dans des fragments de forêt dégradée et soumis à de fortes pressions anthropiques a conduit à l’élaboration d’une stratégie de conservation originale et unique à Madagascar de ces groupes dont la conservation séparée n’a pas de sens. Il s’agit de mettre en place une gestion en métapopulation de ces groupes dont l’objectif est de les connecter à nouveau entre eux. C’est un projet multidisciplinaire qui concerne l’ensemble des populations de propithèques couronnés sauvages et captives et qui implique la recherche et la protection de nouveaux groupes, des études sur les populations isolées, mais également sur celle préservée du Nord-Ouest de Madagascar, sur les habitats, des suivis écologiques, des projets d’éducation environnementale, des projets de cogestion avec la population locale, et une collaboration inédite avec le Programme d’Elevage Européen. Ce projet pourra également servir de modèle pour la conservation d’autres espèces dans la même situation que les propithèques couronnés.The crowned sifaka, Propithecus coronatus, is one of the most endangered lemur species in Madagascar. A conservation project has been established in partnership between GERP (Groupe d’Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar, The Aspinall Foundation Madagascar and the European Endangered species Programme (EEP following the discovery of isolated crowned sifaka populations along the central highlands of Madagascar. The complete isolation of these

La production mondiale des vins

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Pierre GALET

1970-06-01

On sait peu de choses précises sur l'origine de la culture de la vigne en Gaule. Il est probable qu'il existait des lambrusques sauvages dans les forêts et les sous-bois dont les habitants récoltaient les raisins pour les consommer à l'état frais et peut-être en tiraient-ils aussi une boisson fermentée comme ils le faisaient pour l'orge ou pour le miel (hydromel. Il est vraisemblable aussi que les navigateurs phocéens, venus commercer sur les rivages de la Méditerranée, apportèrent du vin aux gaulois, leur apprirent à tailler la vigne et finalement, en établissant des comptoirs, amenèrent des boutures de vignes de leur propre pays. On sait que les gaulois apprécièrent très vite le vin et ce fut une des raisons de leurs invasion de la Toscane pour y consommer sur place cette « boisson magique ». Plus tard avec l'occupation romaine la culture de la vigne s'étendit dans toute la province narbonnaise, dans la vallée du Rhône jusqu'aux portes de Lyon, puis en Aquitaine. A leur tour les romains se mirent à apprécier les vins gaulois, de qualité supérieure à ceux récoltés en Italie sur les Hautains. A l'aide de la navigation fluviale sur le Rhône les vins gagnèrent Rome, ainsi que ceux embarqués dans les petits ports du rivage méditerranéen. Puis au cours des siècles et grâce notamment aux religieux catholiques la vigne se répandit dans toutes les provinces. A la veille de la Révolution, en 1788, on estimait la superficie cultivée à 1.567.000 hectares, produisant 27 millions d'hectolitres. Au cours du XIXe siècle, les plantations augmentèrent en raison des facilités de transport que permettait l'établissement des lignes de chemin de fer. Le ravitaillement des grandes villes fut assuré par la création d'un important vignoble dans le Midi. En 1875, la superficie cultivée dépassait 2,4 millions d'hectares et la France produisit 83,8 millions d'hectolitres, record absolu qui ne fut jamais plus atteint depuis. La crise phyllox

REPEUPLEMENTS EN ALEVINS NOURRIS ET DÉMOGRAPHIE DE LA POPULATION DE TRUITE (SALMO TRUTTA L. DANS LE REDON, UN AFFLUENT DU LAC LÉMAN INTERROMPU PAR UN OBSTACLE

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CHAMPIGNEULLE A.

2003-01-01

Full Text Available La démographie d’une population de truite (Salmo trutta L. a été étudiée, dans un contexte de repeuplements en alevins nourris, sur le Redon, un affluent du lac Léman. On trouve sur le Redon une situation typique de nombreux affluents du Léman : une zone aval ouverte sur le lac mais rapidement interrompue par un obstacle empêchant la remontée des truites de lac. Des relâchers d’alevins nourris issus d’œufs de géniteurs sauvages de truite de lac ou de géniteurs domestiques, pratiqués en fin de printemps-début été à des densités de 40-60 ind./100 m2, fournissent un recrutement additionnel important pouvant constituer la part dominante du peuplement automnal en 0 +, puis 1 +. Sur les zones ouvertes à la pêche, colonisées ou non par la truite de lac, la densité de la population automnale en place s’effondre entre le stade 1 + et les stades > 1 +. Les résultats comparatifs entre zones ouvertes ou fermées à la pêche indiquent que la pêche peut être un facteur de mortalité important. La dynamique comparée des truites d’origine lacustre ou sédentaire suggère l’existence d’un taux de sédentarisation plus faible pour les 1 + issus de truites de lac comparativement aux 1 + issus de la fraie de truites sédentaires en zone de réserve. Une expérimentation suggère l’existence de mouvements de dévalaison ayant lieu avant octobre et touchant préférentiellement les 0 + d’origine lacustre ayant eu la croissance initiale la plus forte. L’étude montre que : - des alevins nourris d’origine lacustre ou domestique, relâchés en fin de printemps-début été, fournissent des géniteurs de truite de lac remontant dans la rivière de relâcher, avec cependant une proportion moindre (4 fois dans le cas de l’origine domestique comparativement à l’origine lacustre. Malgré leur forte contribution aux stades de juvéniles 0 + et 1 +, les alevins domestiques de pisciculture contribuent peu aux retours de g

Evaluation des caractéristiques physico-chimiques et sensorielles de la purée de tomate locale produite à petite échelle au Bénin

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Dossou, J.

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Physico-chemical and Sensorial Evaluation of Local Tomato Past Produced at Small Scale in Benin. L'article fait le point sur les avancements notés dans l'éradication de la peste bovine en Afrique sub-saharienne, avec à l'horizon 2010, l'éradication mondiale de la peste, telle que prévu par le Global Rinderpest Eradication Programme (GREP. Le programme Pan-Africain de Contrôle des Epizooties (PACE, un programme exécuté depuis 1999 sous l'égide de l'Union Africaine (UA avec le concours financier du Fonds Européen pour le Développement (UE, exécute actuellement la dernière phase de ce programme d'éradication. Les auteurs passent en revue l'historique, le diagnostic et les outils de contrôle de cette maladie, tant chez le bétail que chez la faune. A l'heure actuelle, il ne reste qu'une partie de l'Afrique de l'est où sévit la maladie. Cependant aucun foyer n'y a été signalé depuis 2001. La seule lignée encore rencontrée (lignée 2 africaine se cantonne à l'écosystème somalien, qui regroupe la Somalie, l'est du Kenya et la 5ième région de l'Ethiopie. Réapparue en 1994, 1998, et 2001 dans la faune sauvage, cette lignée représente donc la cible des derniers efforts d'éradication. En dehors de cette zone, la peste bovine semblerait être absente de l'Afrique de l'est. En Afrique de l'ouest et du centre où la maladie est absente depuis des décennies, les activités sont axées sur la certification internationale (par l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé Animale, OIE de l'absence de la maladie et de l'infection. Sur les 30 pays que couvre le PACE, 12 pays ont obtenu à ce jour le statut 'indemne de l'infection': Bénin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Congo, Erythrée, Guinée, Guinée Bissau, Mali, RDC, Rwanda, Sénégal et Togo. Onze pays enfin, la Côte d'Ivoire, l'Ethiopie, le Ghana, le Kenya, la Mauritanie, le Niger, le Nigeria, l'Ouganda, le Soudan, la Tanzanie et le Tchad ont été déclarés 'indemnes de maladie' (en ce

Los inmigrantes chinos en la Amazonía peruana

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1986-01-01

Full Text Available Les Chinois du Pérou ont une histoire et cette histoire qui remonte à la deuxième moitié du XIXème siècle et va jusqu'à nos jours reste pour l'essentiel méconnue. L'imagerie populaire, habituée à voir en eux les peones des grandes haciendas et ensuite les fameux chinos de la esquina ou propriétaires des chifas, les a fixés pour toujours dans les villes et campagnes côtières. Cette vision statique est erronée. En effet, le présent article montre que la population chinoise s'est très vite singularisée par sa grande mobilité géographique ainsi que par sa capacité d'intégration. Les Chinois, loin d'être passifs, ont contribué dès 1870 à l'organisation de l'espace, notamment en amazonie -région où l'on s'attendait le moins à les retrouver. Dans ce milieu hostile ils ont souvent joué, entre les 'civilisés' et 'sauvages', le rôle d'intermédiaire économique et culturel. Ils ont aussi été des acteurs importants dans l'épopée du caoutchouc. Los chinos del Perú poseen una historia que data de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, historia que en lo esencial permanece poco conocida. La imaginería popular, acostumbrada a ver en ellos los peones de las grandes haciendas y luego los famosos 'chinos de la esquina' o propietarios de 'chifas', los ha fijado para siempre en las ciudades y valles costeños. Esta visión estática es errónea. En efecto, el presente artículo muestra que la población china se destacó rápidamente por su gran movilidad geográfica así como por su capacidad de integración. Los chinos, lejos de ser espectadores pasivos, han contribuido -a partir de 1870- a la organización del espacio, particularmente de la amazonia -región en donde uno esperaría raramente encontrarlos. En este medio hostil, los chinos han desempeñado a menudo un papel de intermediario en la epopeya del caucho. The history of the Chinese in Peru, which can be traced from the second half of the XIX century to present day, remains

Portraits du dégénéré en fou, en primitif, en enfant et finalement en artiste.

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Stéphane Legrand

2004-04-01

Full Text Available Cet article traite du concept de « dégénérescence », importé dans la psychiatrie française par Benedict-Auguste Morel dans les années 1850, et largement diffusé par la suite, dans ce champ ainsi que dans celui de la criminologie. On tente d’analyser la reconfiguration qu’impose ce concept au savoir psychiatrique en dégageant la manière dont il permet d’intégrer en un ensemble cohérent plusieurs modèles théoriques: un paradigme neurologique, une théorie de l’automatisme morbide, un certain évolutionnisme. Sur ces bases, on essaie d’établir les similitudes de fonds existant entre les conceptions psychiatrique et criminologique de la dégénérescence, en montrant qu’elles mobilisent le même réseau « structurant » d’analogies entre les figures de l’anormal (le fou, le sauvage, l’enfant, la femme, l’animal; et l’on s’efforce de montrer que ces théories promeuvent une logique dans laquelle les infractions aux différents types de normes (biologiques, sociales, morales, juridiques, psychologiques, économiques sont susceptibles de faire systématiquement référence les unes aux autres, de se traduire les unes dans les autres. Puis l’on caractérise les transformations que ce nouveau paradigme impose aux principes de la thérapeutique, de la pédagogie et de la prise en charge des malades mentaux et des déviants. Pour finir, on présente les éléments latents qui dans ce paradigme préparent et indiquent déjà sa remise en cause et son renversement à venir.This article deals with the concept of «degeneration», introduced by Benedict-Auguste Morel in the French psychiatry during the 1850s, and which widely spread afterwards, in this field as well as in the contemporary criminology. An analysis is tried of the changes imposed by this notion on the psychiatric knowledge, changes that resulted in the integration in a coherent system of three other paradigms: a neurological paradigm, a theory of

Upgrading the Hemicellulosic Fraction of Biomass into Biofuel Valorisation de la fraction hémicellulosique de la biomasse en biocarburants

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Ben Chaabane F.

2013-06-01

ériques (xylose, arabinose et de pentoses oligomériques issus de l’hydrolyse thermochimique de l’hémicellulose native. Cette fraction hémicellulosique n’est pas fermentescible en éthanol par les souches sauvages de Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Pendant plus de 20 ans, plusieurs groupes de recherche ont travaillé sur la modification de cette levure avec des succès variables en particulier pour les substrats industriels. Dans cet article, nous décrivons deux autres voies possibles pour l’utilisation de la fraction hémicellulosique et qui peuvent contribuer à la viabilité économique du procédé. La première est son utilisation en tant que source de carbone pour la production de cellulases par Trichoderma reesei, les cellulases étant nécessaires pour l’hydrolyse enzymatique de la cellulose. La seconde est la fermentation Acétone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE qui met en œuvre des bactéries anaérobies du genre Clostridium. Le mélange ABE produit présente des propriétés de carburant intéressantes et il peut être incorporé directement à l’essence.

Sources of SOA gaseous precursors in contrasted urban environments: a focus on mono-aromatic compounds and intermediate volatility compounds

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Salameh, Therese; Borbon, Agnès; Ait-Helal, Warda; Afif, Charbel; Sauvage, Stéphane; Locoge, Nadine; Bonneau, Stéphane; Sanchez, Olivier

2016-04-01

, SP95 E10, and SP98) and was used to constraint evaporative emissions in order to predict the headspace vapour composition (Harley and Coulter-Burke, 2000). Modelled and observed compositions are in good agreement (differences up to 20%). Therefore, the implemented model is a relevant tool to test the sensitivity of BTEX and other VOCs ambient composition to evaporative emissions of fuels with regards to their composition. Such analysis will be extended to other target cities and similarities/differences will be presented regarding regional characteristics. This work was supported by the Ile de France region, Life and PHOTOPAQ grant, PICS-CNRS, ENVIMED and ChArMEx. We would like to thank Laurence Dépelchin and Thierry Léonardis for technical support and AIRPARIF for providing the data. Borbon, A., et al. (2013) Emission ratios of anthropogenic VOC in northern mid-latitude megacities: observations vs. emission inventories in Los Angeles and Paris, J. Geophys. Res. 118, 2041 - 2057. Harley, R. and Coulter-Burke, S. (2000) Relating Liquid Fuel and Headspace Vapor Composition for California Reformulated Gasoline Samples Containing Ethanol, Environ. Sci. Technol. 34, 4088-4094. Ait-Helal, W.; Borbon, A.; Sauvage, S.; et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys. vol. 14 , No. 19 , p. 10439-10464

Neuropeptides and nitric oxide synthase in the gill and the air-breathing organs of fishes.

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Zaccone, Giacomo; Mauceri, Angela; Fasulo, Salvatore

2006-05-01

neurocrine, endocrine, paracrine and autocrine signals that modulate gill perfusion and ionic transport. The development of the immunohistochemical techniques has led to a new phase of experimentation and to information mainly related to gills rather than air-breathing organs of fishes. During the last few years, identification of new molecules as autonomic neurotransmitters, monoamines and NO, and of their multiple roles as cotransmitters, has reshaped our knowledge of the mechanisms of autonomic regulation of various functions in the organs of teleosts (Donald, '98).NO acts as neurotransmitter and is widely distributed in the nerves and the neuroepithelial cells of the gill, the nerves of visceral muscles of the lung of polypterids, the vascular endothelial cells in the air sac of Heteropneustes fossilis and the respiratory epithelium in the swimbladder of the catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus. In addition, 5-HT, enkephalins and some neuropeptides, such as VIP and PACAP, seem to be NANC transmitter candidates in the fish gill and polypterid lung. The origin and function of NANC nerves in the lung of air-breathing fishes await investigation. Several mechanisms have developed in the Vertebrates to control the flow of blood to respiratory organs. These mechanisms include a local production of vasoactive substances, a release of endocrine hormones into the circulation and neuronal mechanisms. Air breathers may be expected to have different control mechanisms compared with fully aquatic fishes. Therefore, we need to know the distribution and function of autonomic nerves in the air-breathing organs of the fishes.

La question locale comme nouvelle frontière socio-spatiale

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Christophe Gibout

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Partant de l’objet football socialement reconnu et de deux formes de pratique préalablement identifiées – pratiques fédérale et de « pied d’immeuble » – notre travail interroge l’influence et l’importance de la localisation dans la définition formelle des pratiques et la compréhension de leurs logiques identitaires. Parce que les pratiquants déploient des « arts de faire » singuliers sur un territoire jouant le rôle de lien et de liant, notre enquête montre que la dichotomie rural/urbain ne semble plus aujourd’hui heuristiquement pertinente pour comprendre le construit de la pratique sportive. Dès lors émerge la question locale – celle du « chez soi » – comme élément central de la construction sociale de la pratique sportive ; en témoigne la réalité d’une autre forme de football, non exclusive des deux autres : le football « sauvage ».The local question as a new socio-spatial frontierBeyond opposition between urban and rural soccer: the “at home” oneOn the basis of socially recognized football and of two beforehand identified forms of practice – official soccer and football played at the foot of one's building – our work questions the influence and the importance of the localization in the definition of the practices and in the comprehension of their identity logics. Because of the players use « second hand habits » on a territory playing the part of bond and binder, our investigation shows that the rural/urban dichotomy doesn’t seem any more relevant today to understand the construction of sport’s practice. Consequently emerges the local question – the one of « at home » – as central element of the social construction of the sport’s practice as testified to the reality of another form of football, nonexclusive of both others: « wild » football.Lo local como nueva frontera socio-espacialMas allá de la oposición entre el futbol urbano y el futbol rural

Gyrodactylidae et Gyrodactylose des Salmonidae

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MALMBERG G.

1993-01-01

Full Text Available Vingt et une espèces de Gyrodactylus de Salmonidae arrangées en six groupes sont présentées. Les observations concernant ces espèces dans les milieux naturels et en pisciculture sont résumées. Sur la base de données générales relatives aux espèces de Gyrodactylus en milieu naturel en Scandinavie et Baltique, les observations biologiques, écologiques et comportementales de G. salaris Malmberg, 1957 et G. derjavini MALMBERG et MALMBERG (1987 des salmonidae sauvages des rivières norvégiennes et suédoises sont présentées. La viviparité unique, la reproduction asexuée et sexuée et le pouvoir de reproduction chez les Gyrodactylus sont développés. La Gyrodactylose à G. salaris est abordée en milieu naturel, dans les rivières norvégiennes et en pisciculture, en Suède et au Danemark. L'étude ultrastructurale des blessures causées par G. salaris ainsi que les résultats expérimentaux sur les espèces norvégiennes et canadiennes sont présentés. La distribution géographique naturelle des Salmonidae, les modifications liées à l'homme et à l'activité économique ainsi que les Salmonidae élevés sont revus. La présence de six groupes d'espèces de Gyrodactylus en Amérique du Nord et Eurasie est discutée en fonction de la distribution géographique des espèces hôtes. Il est souligné qu'une propagation intercontinentale des espèces de Gyrodactylus de Salmonidae a dû être impossible à cause de leur origine limnique d'une part et de la salinité élevée des océans atlantique et pacifique d'autre part. Les exigences micro et macro environnementales des espèces sont discutées dans les conditions naturelles et les variations saisonnières, préférendums et tolérances du parasitisme sont signalés. L'effet des conditions de pisciculture sur les espèces de Gyrocactylus sont discutées : la capacité reproductrice et de propagation ainsi que la spécificité — stricte dans la nature — peuvent être influenc

EVALUATION DE L’IMPACT ENVIRONNEMENTAL : Comment étudier l’impact de colzas transgéniques sur les abeilles ?

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Pierre Jacqueline

2000-07-01

Full Text Available L’évaluation de l’impact environnemental de plantes génétiquement modifiées implique, lorsqu’il s’agit de plantes mellifères, la prise en compte de leurs interactions avec les abeilles. Les interactions à prendre en compte sont de deux types : - d’une part, il s’agit de vérifier l’innocuité de ces plantes sur l’abeille. En effet, l’abeille joue un rôle essentiel sur les plans économique et écologique, en tant que productrice de miel et pollinisatrice de nombreuses plantes sauvages ou cultivées. Ces différentes activités reposent sur l’aptitude de l’abeille à identifier et à visiter régulièrement des plantes susceptibles de lui procurer de la nourriture sous forme de nectar, qu’elle transforme en miel et qui lui sert d’alimentation glucidique, et de pollen, source de protéines. Toute modification survenant au niveau de ces plantes peut entraîner des perturbations du comportement ou de la physiologie des abeilles et se répercuter sur leur productivité en miel ou leur efficacité pollinisatrice. Les perturbations éventuelles peuvent découler soit d’effets directs liés à la présence du produit de transgène (protéine codée par le gène d’intérêt introduit dans la plante, soit d’effets indirects dus à des modifications secondaires de la physiologie de la plante associées à l’introduction du gène (effets pléiotropiques; - d’autre part, il faut prendre en compte le rôle potentiel de l’abeille comme facteur de dissémination du transgène. Ainsi, l’abeille, en se déplaçant de fleur en fleur, peut contribuer, en parallèle à une vection pollinique par le vent, à transférer le transgène via le pollen et à assurer une fécondation intra, voire interspécifique. Or, notamment dans le cas de gènes de résistance à des herbicides, on souhaite circonscrire strictement aux plantes transgéniques le caractère d’intérêt, en évitant des croisements interspécifiques avec

EVALUATION DE L’IMPACT ENVIRONNEMENTAL : GeneSys-Colza : un modèle des effets à moyen et à long terme des systèmes de culture sur les flux de gènes entre champs de colza et repousses dans un espace agricole

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Colbach Nathalie

2000-07-01

Full Text Available On a beaucoup parlé, lors de l’examen des demandes d’autorisation de mise en culture de variétés transgéniques de colza, des risques d’hybridation interspécifique du colza avec les crucifères sauvages, et d’introgression de transgènes dans les espèces adventices [1, 2]. Les flux de gènes intraspécifiques ont moins attiré l’attention du grand public; ils sont pourtant bien plus probables. Les transgènes peuvent être disséminés dans le temps, par l’intermédiaire de repousses de colza apparaissant dans les cultures suivant les variétés transgéniques, à cause de la perte d’une partie des graines produites par les cultures de colza avant ou pendant la récolte [3, 4], et dans l’espace, par l’intermédiaire de semences et de pollen disséminés par le vent ou d’autres vecteurs tels que les oiseaux ou les insectes [5-8]. Les semences dispersées peuvent produire directement des repousses de colza dans des champs voisins, tandis que le pollen peut transmettre le transgène en fécondant des plantes de colza présentes dans ces autres champs. Ce flux de gènes peut être à l’origine de différents problèmes tels que l’apparition de repousses de colza résistantes aux herbicides, difficiles à éliminer lorsqu’il s’agit d’un transgène de résistance à un herbicide, ou la pollution de récoltes de colza classique par le transgène, quelle que soit sa nature, et l’impossibilité d’écouler ces récoltes dans une filière « non-OGM ». Il est donc apparu nécessaire et urgent de mieux évaluer ce risque et d’identifier les moyens de le maîtriser. Les premiers éléments de réponse ont été donnés par les plates-formes « plantes transgéniques » des instituts techniques [9, 10]; cependant, ces plates-formes sont limitées dans le temps et l’espace et il n’est pas possible d’y rendre compte de la variabilité régionale des systèmes de culture et de leurs effets sur le devenir des

« L’Amazonie – victime des changements climatiques ? » « The Amazon forest – victim of climate change? » « A Amazônia – vítima das mudanças climáticas ? »

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Delaine Sampaio da Silva

2010-12-01

Full Text Available La forêt d’Amazonie est un des biomes les plus riches et les plus importants de la Terre. Cependant, son avenir est gravement menacé par les changements climatiques. L’effet de ces changements est indissociable de celui des activités humaines. Ainsi, la déforestation est responsable de plus de la moitié des émissions de gaz à effet de serre du Brésil. La lutte contre les changements climatique au Brésil passe donc en premier lieu par la lutte contre la déforestation. Cette lutte fait face aux enjeux actuels du développement en Amazonie, en premier lieu l’élevage et l’agriculture à grande échelle. Certains éléments des politiques récentes du Brésil vont dans le sens d’un développement moins « sauvage » en Amazonie, mais se heurtent à des intérêts économiques et politiques. Les initiatives internationales comme Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD, dans le cadre d’un accord climatique, peuvent fournir des incitatifs économiques cruciaux. Il est dans tous les cas primordial qu’un tel développement soit adapté à la réalité amazonienne et se fasse en collaboration avec les populations locales dans une optique de développement social autant qu’écologique ou économique.The Amazon rainforest is one of most important ecosystems on earth and a biodiversity hotspot. Its future is however in peril due to the effects of climate change and human activities. Climate models predict a severe die-back of the Amazon forest by the end of this century, accompanied by the release of vast quantities of carbon actually stored in the vegetation. Deforestation is currently responsible for over one half of Brazil’s greenhouse gas emissions. Fighting deforestation is therefore Brazil’s most efficient way to reduce its emissions. This is however contrary to current development schemes in the Amazon region, and in particular large scale agricultural and cattle raising farms. However, Brazil

Corps et âme. Passionnément

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Lucienne Strivay

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Affecter les émotions au registre corporel posé comme universel et stable aurait dû tomber depuis longtemps, mais les préjugés sont têtus. Malgré la diversité culturelle, le corps est habituellement convoqué comme nature posée dans son universalité. Les disciplines et écoles se sont partagé un territoire, préservant de la sorte leur autonomie. Corporéité et signification semblent condamnées à la divergence, positionnées de part et d’autre de ce que les auteurs dénomment « la couture ». Les déplacements de cette couture sont examinés au fil des théories concurrentes, pour en venir à l’analyse du point sensible où les « infiltrations » se manifestent, qui font craquer la couture, moment analytique privilégié pour la socio-anthropologie de la connaissance. On en arrive à une redistribution entre ce qui est intérieur et ce qui est extérieur, ce qui engage une redéfinition du corps, du psychisme, et de la sensibilité incarnée. Le cas des « enfants sauvages » est examiné à travers la littérature ethnographique classique qui leur a été consacrée, pour saisir à la fin l’importance incontournable du langage pour penser l’accession à l’humanité.Body and soul. PassionatelyThe idea of emotions belonging to the bodily sphere as constituting a universal and stable fact should have fallen by the way a long time ago, but prejudices are stubborn. In spite of cultural diversity, the body is generally presented as nature in its universal essence. Different disciplines and schools of thought divided up the territory, each thus preserving its autonomy. Bodily matters and significations seemed thus condemned to divergence, each one positioned with regards to what the authors call “the seam” (la couture. Using competing theories, shifts from the seam are examined in order to arrive at the analysis of a critical point, there where “infiltrations” appear, that is infiltrations which will crack the

Des dérivés d’acides gras dans la résistance des plantes aux attaques microbiennes : à la recherche d’acyle hydrolases impliquées dans la synthèse des oxylipines

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Heitz Thierry

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Les plantes sont soumises constamment à des agressions multiples, provenant d’attaques par une grande variété de virus, bactéries, champignons, nématodes, ou encore d’herbivores. Face à cette pression, et devant l’impossibilité de fuir ces conditions hostiles, les plantes ont développé des systèmes de détection sophistiqués leur permettant d’opposer le plus souvent un état de résistance. L’agriculture a, de tous temps, cherché à associer aux qualités agronomiques des plantes cultivées les propriétés de résistance aux maladies de leurs parents sauvages. Les recherches actuelles visent une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de défense naturels des plantes pour développer de nouvelles méthodes de lutte. Quand l’agresseur surmonte les barrières préexistantes à l’attaque, certaines plantes mettent en place, après une étape critique de reconnaissance, une cascade d’événements cellulaires complexes aboutissant à la résistance, et connue sous le nom de réaction d’hypersensibilité, ou RH (figure 1. La RH est caractérisée par la mort programmée des premières cellules infectées puis par l’induction d’altérations métaboliques intenses dans les tissus entourant les lésions nécrotiques [1]. Ces réponses de défense comprennent notamment : - un renforcement des parois végétales par le dépôt de polysaccharides, de composés phénoliques insolubles et de protéines; - la stimulation de voies métaboliques secondaires, certaines conduisant à la synthèse de composés antimicrobiens appelés phytoalexines; - la synthèse d’un large spectre de protéines de défense attaquant directement les structures du microorganisme, en général leurs parois ou membranes cellulaires. Cette superposition de réponses de la plante résulte généralement en un confinement de l’agent pathogène inducteur au niveau du site d’attaque [2]. Cette résistance locale est également accompagnée d�

Sustainable trophy hunting and the conservation of alpine ungulates in Pakistan

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Arshald, M.

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Alpine ungulates are ubiquitous in Northern Pakistan but have declined in numbers in recent decades, possibly because of poaching and habitat degradation by livestock. Experience suggests that the most pragmatic way of achieving sustainable management of wild Caprinae is through a community-based trophy hunting programme. Since the early 1990s, the Bar Valley has been the focus of a project designed to conserve its ibex population using high-priced trophy hunting to generate funds for local development. In 2000, an audit of the project was undertaken to determine its effects on ibex and benefits for local people. Ibex survey data were retrospectively analyzed to determine density and productivity indices for each year. A survey of Bar Valley households was also conducted to obtain both historical and contemporary views on the project's function and effectiveness. The survey was repeated in the adjacent Naltar Valley, where there has been no similar project. The Bar Valley ibex population has remained relatively stable over the past decade, whilst that of Naltar and other valleys has all but disappeared.

[fr]
Au nord du Pakistan, les ongulés alpins se distribuent dans des habitats diversifiés mais leur nombre a diminué ces dernières décades, peut-être du fait du braconnage et de la dégradation de l'habitat par les troupeaux domestiques. Si Von veut mettre en place une gestion soutenable des Caprinae sauvages, l'expérience montre qu'une solution pragmatique est l'établissement d'un programme de chasse au trophée géré par la population locale. Ainsi, depuis les années 1990 s'est développé dans la vallée Bar un projet de conservation de la population de bouquetins basé sur des trophés de chasse à prix élevés pouvant générer des revenus pour le développement local. En 2000, une révision a été faite pour connaître les effets de ce programme sur le bouquetin et ses bénéfices pour les habitants de la zone. La

Epidémiologie des PFA et les performances du système de surveillance en Mauritanie de 2008 à 2012

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Doumtsop, Jean Gérard Tatou; Khalef, Ishagh; Diakite, Med Lemine Brahim; Boubker, Naouri

2014-01-01

Introduction La Commission Régionale de Certification de l'Eradication de la poliomyélite pour l'Afrique(CRCA) en session à Brazzaville du 8 au 10 octobre 2007 avait déclaré la Mauritanie « libérée de la poliomyélite ». Objectif Décrire l’épidémiologie des PFA (Paralysies flasques aigues) et évaluer les indicateurs de performance du système de surveillance pour la période de 2008 à 2012 ayant suivi cette déclaration. Méthodes Les données du service de surveillance épidémiologique ont été nettoyées et analysées à l'aide du logiciel Epi-infoversion 3.4.3 (CDC Atlanta). Résultats 319 cas de PFA ont été notifié soit une incidence moyenne de 4.61/100000 enfants de moins de 15 ans par an. La distribution des cas cumulés par mois montre une importante notification des cas PFA pendant la période de Février à Juillet et à la suite de l’épidémie de 2009 alors que l'incidence des cas confirmés a été plus importante entre Novembre et Février. L’âge moyen était de 4ans (E.T. ±4ans) et 77.4% avaient un âge = 5ans. 18 cas de PFA ont été confirmés poliovirus sauvage(PVS) dont 6 en 2009 et 12 en 2010 et tous d'importation. L’âge moyen était de 3.4 ans (E.T ±2.6 ans). 44,4% étaient des filles et 55.5% garçons. Cette proportion était proche de celle des PFA non polio (45.1% versus 54.9%). 61% avaient reçu au plus une dose de vaccin polio orale (VPO) pour les cas de PFA polio contre 7.4% pour les PFA non polio. Aucune discrimination de genre n'a été observé sur la population des PFA ayant reçu une dose au plus (ratio-sexe= 16/17=0.94). La fièvre était présente pour 90%des cas de PFA non polio contre 85% pour les cas PVS. Cette fièvre à progresser en 3 jours pour tous les cas de PVS et pour 82,7% des cas de PFA non polio. Le taux d'hospitalisation était de 13.6% pour les cas de PFA non polio contre 89% pour les PFA polio. Dans tous les deux groupes, les membres de prédilection étaient d'abord l'un des 2 membres

Mixing against culture vs mixing against nature: ontologization of prohibited interethnic relationships.

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Roncarati, Alessandra; Pérez, Juan A; Ravenna, Marcella; Navarro-Pertusa, Esperanza

2009-02-01

qui vivent en contact les uns avec les autres d'intergir ensemble. Le processus d'ontologisation consiste à séparer quelques humains de leur propre espèce et de les ancrer dans un autre environnement, celui des animaux, à titre d'exemple. Nous proposons que ce qui est sous-jacent au fameux slogan «égaux mais distincts» est la représentation sociale de mélange inter-racial comme un phénomène «contre-nature». Il est prédit qu'une relation sexuelle entre des gens de différentes «races» amènerait à un plus grand degré d'ontologisation et en tant que tel, ce mélange sera expliqué en termes de pensée biologistique, à l'instar d'une nature instinctuelle ou une impulsion animale atavistique. Une expérimentation (N = 360) présente le cas d'une femme qui, même si elle est déjà dans une relation stable, elle est infidèle à son partenaire. Dans un devis 2×3, l'identité ethno-nationale de cette femme (endogroupe-espagnol/italien vs. exogroupe-sénégalais) et l'identité ethno-nationale de ses amants (endogroupe-espagnol/italien vs. exogroupe-roumain vs. exogroupe-sénégalais) ont été manipulées. En général, les résultats soutiennent l'hypothèse de l'ontologisation mieux dans les condition inter-raciales plutôt que le favoritisme de l'endogroupe coutumier et/ou le biais de la discrimination de l'exogroupe. Ensuite, nous poursuivons en discutant la manière dont la façon de penser biologistique permet une différentiation au niveau humain, en termes de groupes culturels et de groupes naturels, dans des «races», de manière à ce qu'une relation sexuelle inter-raciale est vue comme une preuve d'une impulsion sauvage et irrépressible qui peut stigmatiser les gens impliqués dans ces relations. En el presente artículo se discute la teoría de la ontologización: representaciones sociales que prevenien la fusión entre los miembros de grupos minoritarios o mayoritarios que viven en contacto unos con otros. El proceso de ontologizaci

Effets perturbateurs endocriniens des pesticides organochlores.

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Charlier, C; Plomteux, G

2002-01-01

Xenoestrogens such organochlorine pesticides are known to induce changes in reproductive development, function or behaviour in wildlife. Because these compounds are able to modify the estrogens metabolism, or to compete with estradiol for binding to the estrogen receptor, it may be possible that these products affect the risk of developing impaired fertility, precocious puberty or some kinds of cancer in man. Le plus ancien récit de lutte contre la pollution remonte à une légende indienne racontant que la divinité Sing-bonga était incommodée par les émanations des fours dans lesquels les Asuras fondaient leurs métaux (1). Evidemment depuis, la problématique n-a cessé de s-accroître et la contamination de la Terre par de nombreux polluants est devenue aujourd-hui un problème majeur de notre Société. La protection de notre environnement est une question capitale qui doit être respectée malgré la pression économique actuelle et qui ne cessera de croître au cours des prochaines années même si l-identification objective et indiscutable de ce qui est essentiel - donc devant être prioritairement garanti sur la planète - est difficile à cerner (2). « Un oiseau en mauvais état ne pond pas de bons oeufs » disait un proverbe grec. Mais ce n-est qu-à partir de la seconde moitié du XXème siècle que les toxicologues ont commencé à identifier les effets qu-avaient entraînés à l-échelle mondiale les pollutions émises aux XIXème siècle sur la faune sauvage et sur le cheptel (3). L-histoire contemporaine des pesticides industriels commence vers 1874 (synthèse des organochlorés) et se poursuit tout au long de ces 2 siècles en passant par la synthèse des organophosphorés (1950), des carbamates (1970) et des pyréthroïdes (1975) (4). Le dichlorodiphényltrichloroéthane (DDT) a été synthétisé pour la première fois par un étudiant en cours de préparation de sa thèse de doctorat : Othmer Zeidler. La production, reprise par les