Small-angle light scattering studies of dense AOT-water-decane microemulsions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Micali, N.; Trusso, S.; Mallamace, F.; Chen, S.H.

1996-01-01

It is performed extensive studies of a three-component microemulsion system composed of AOT-water-decane using small-angle light scattering (SALS). The small-angle scattering intensities are measured in the angular interval 0.001-0.1 radians, corresponding to a Bragg wave number range of 0.14 μm -1 -1 . The measurements were made by changing temperature and volume fraction φ of the dispersed phase in the range 0.65< φ < 0.75. All samples have a fixed water-to-AOT molar ratio, w [water[/[AOT[ = 40.8, in order to keep the same average droplet size in the stable one-phase region. With the SALS technique it is observed all the phase boundaries of a very complex phase diagram with a percolation line and many structural organizations within it. It is observed at the percolation transition threshold, a scaling behavior of the intensity data. In addition it is described in detail a structural transition from a droplet microemulsion to a bi continuous one a suggested by a recent small-angle neutron scattering experiment. From the data analysis it is show that both the percolation phenomenon and this novel structural transition are described from a large-scale aggregation between microemulsion droplets

Relationship between structure and reactivity in AOT inverse micelles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Petit, Christophe

1988-01-01

As inverse micelles can be considered as chemical micro-reactors, the objective of this research thesis is to show that reaction rates can be modified, either by varying the size of micro-reactors, or by modifying the location of one of the reactants. After a brief overview of noticeable results obtained on AOT inverse micelles about the structure and reactivity, the author reports the study of structural modifications induced by an addition of small molecules or proteins. Two complementary models are proposed on this purpose: a geometrical model which reports the medium microscopic evolution and a kinetic model which could report the system microscopic evolution as well reactivity changes with respect to probe location. The next part reports the study of in situ synthesis of semi-conductor particles in AOT inverse micelles. The author then reports that a surprising aspect of macromolecule solubilization has been noticed: the solubilization of a polypeptide, gelatine, allows the whole system to be gelled whereas gelatine is essentially polar [fr

Porosity formation in Al-Si casting alloys: role of Sr oxide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, L.; Samuel, A.M.; Samuel, F.H.; Doty, H.W.; Valtierra, S.

2002-01-01

The strength and quality of an Al-Si alloy casting are determined by its microstructure and the amount of porosity present in the casting. Modification is one of the processes used to improve the microstructural quality, where the addition of a modifying agent alters the shape of the eutectic Si from an acicular to a fibrous form that is extremely beneficial to the mechanical properties. Among various modifiers, strontium, although easy to handle and resistant to fading, also causes porosity formation in these alloys, attributed variously to an increase in the hydrogen level of the melt, feedability problems in the mushy zone, changes in the mode of eutectic nucleation, etc. The present study shows how the presence of oxides is responsible for the porosity formation, and that the difference in porosity characteristics with the addition of Sr depends on the amount of Sr oxides present the solidified structure. Both Sr and Al oxides are favourable sites for the nucleation of other microconstituents. A number of experimental (binary Al-Si) and industrial (319 and 356) alloys have been studied, to cover various alloy freezing ranges. Thermal analysis, optical microscopy, SEM/EDX and EPMA analyses were employed to obtain the results. (author)

AOT-microemulsions-based formation and evolution of PbWO$_{4}$ crystals

CERN Document Server

Chen, D; Tang Kai Bin; Liang Zhen Hua; Zheng Hua Gui

2004-01-01

Anionic surfactant-AOT-microemulsions-assisted formation and evolution of PbWO//4 nanostructures with bundles rodlike, ellipsoidlike, and spherelike prepared at different media conditions were studied by powder X-ray diffraction pattern, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The possible mechanisms for the formation of PbWO//4 samples in series of microemulsion systems were discussed. Various comparison experiments show that several experimental parameters, such as the AOT concentration, the water content, and reaction temperature play important roles in the morphological control of PbWO//4 nanostructures. Room-temperature photoluminescence of PbWO//4 samples with different morphologies has also been investigated and the results reveal that all these samples showed similar features with emissions at 480 similar to 510 nm but different luminescence intensity. 40 Refs.

Building a Better Microreactor: Enzyme Catalysis in AOT/Bile Salt Reversed Micelles

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

McGown, Linda

2001-01-01

.... We have shown that trihydroxy bile salts modify the interfacial properties of AOT reversed micelles, thereby affecting the reversed micellar structure, the biological activity of entrapped enzymes...

Giant photoresponse in quantized SrRuO3 monolayer at oxide interfaces

KAUST Repository

Liu, Heng-Jui

2018-02-01

The photoelectric effect in semiconductors is the main mechanism for most modern optoelectronic devices, in which the adequate bandgap plays the key role for acquiring high photoresponse. Among numerous material categories applied in this field, the complex oxides exhibit great possibilities because they present a wide distribution of band gaps for absorbing light with any wavelength. Their physical properties and lattice structures are always strongly coupled and sensitive to light illumination. Moreover, the confinement of dimensionality of the complex oxides in the heterostructures can provide more diversities in designing and modulating the band structures. On the basis of this perspective, we have chosen itinerary ferromagnetic SrRuO3 as the model material, and fabricated it in one-unit-cell thickness in order to open a small band gap for effective utilization of visible light. By inserting this SrRuO3 monolayer at the interface of the well-developed two-dimensional electron gas system (LaAlO3/SrTiO3), the resistance of the monolayer can be further revealed. In addition, a giant enhancement (>300%) of photoresponse under illumination of visible light with power density of 500 mW/cm2 is also observed. Such can be ascribed to the further modulation of band structure of the SrRuO3 monolayer under the illumination, confirmed by cross-section scanning tunneling microscopy (XSTM). Therefore, this study demonstrates a simple route to design and explore the potential low dimensional oxide materials for future optoelectronic devices.

Giant photoresponse in quantized SrRuO3 monolayer at oxide interfaces

KAUST Repository

Liu, Heng-Jui; Wang, Jing-Ching; Cho, Deok-Yong; Ho, Kang-Ting; Lin, Jheng-Cyuan; Huang, Bo-Chao; Fang, Yue-Wen; Zhu, Yuan-Min; Zhan, Qian; Xie, Lin; Pan, Xiao-Qing; Chiu, Ya-Ping; Duan, Chun-Gang; He, Jr-Hau; Chu, Ying-Hao

2018-01-01

The photoelectric effect in semiconductors is the main mechanism for most modern optoelectronic devices, in which the adequate bandgap plays the key role for acquiring high photoresponse. Among numerous material categories applied in this field, the complex oxides exhibit great possibilities because they present a wide distribution of band gaps for absorbing light with any wavelength. Their physical properties and lattice structures are always strongly coupled and sensitive to light illumination. Moreover, the confinement of dimensionality of the complex oxides in the heterostructures can provide more diversities in designing and modulating the band structures. On the basis of this perspective, we have chosen itinerary ferromagnetic SrRuO3 as the model material, and fabricated it in one-unit-cell thickness in order to open a small band gap for effective utilization of visible light. By inserting this SrRuO3 monolayer at the interface of the well-developed two-dimensional electron gas system (LaAlO3/SrTiO3), the resistance of the monolayer can be further revealed. In addition, a giant enhancement (>300%) of photoresponse under illumination of visible light with power density of 500 mW/cm2 is also observed. Such can be ascribed to the further modulation of band structure of the SrRuO3 monolayer under the illumination, confirmed by cross-section scanning tunneling microscopy (XSTM). Therefore, this study demonstrates a simple route to design and explore the potential low dimensional oxide materials for future optoelectronic devices.

Effect of AOT Microemulsion Composition on the Hydrodynamic Diameter and Electrophoretic Mobility of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles

Science.gov (United States)

Shaparenko, N. O.; Beketova, D. I.; Demidova, M. G.; Bulavchenko, A. I.

2018-05-01

The hydrodynamic diameter and electrophoretic mobility of titania nanoparticles in AOT microemulsions are studied depending on their water content (from 0 to 1.5 vol %), chloroform content in n-decane-chloroform mixture (from 0 to 30 vol %) and temperature (from 0 to 60°C). Considerable changes in diameter (from 20 to 400 nm) are detected upon adding water to the microemulsion. The electrophoretic mobility grows by 2-3 times upon adding chloroform, or as the temperature falls. The observed features allow us to halve the time of electrophoretic concentration for 140 nm TiO2 nanoparticles, and to concentrate 14 nm nanoparticles that do not exhibit electrophoretic mobility in the absence of chloroform.

Method of making Tl-Sr-Ca-Cu-oxide superconductors comprising heating at elevated pressures in a sealed container

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lechtev, W.L.; Osofsky, M.S.; Skelton, E.F.; Toth, L.E.

1992-01-01

This patent describes a method of forming a Tl-Sr-Ca-Cu-oxide high T c superconductor. It comprises forming a reaction mixture of the oxides of Sr, Cu, Ca, and Tl in stoichiometric proportions to make a Tl-Sr-Ca-Cu-oxide high T c superconducting compound; compressing the reaction mixture into a hard body; placing the hard body into a container for containing thallium vapor; evacuating and sealing the hard body in the container; heating the hard body and the container at a temperature of about 800 degrees C to about 950 degrees C and under pressure of at least about 30,000 psi until the container metal around the hard body and the oxides of Tl, Sr, Ca, and Cu react to form a superconducting compound; and cooling the superconducting compound to room temperature and returning the superconducting compound to atmospheric pressure

Nanoscale patterning of electronic devices at the amorphous LaAlO3/SrTiO3 oxide interface using an electron sensitive polymer mask

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjorlig, Anders V.; von Soosten, Merlin; Erlandsen, Ricci

2018-01-01

A simple approach is presented for designing complex oxide mesoscopic electronic devices based on the conducting interfaces of room temperature grown LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures. The technique is based entirely on methods known from conventional semiconductor processing technology, and we demo...

A development of solid oxide fuel cell technology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lim, Hee Chun; Lee, Chang Woo [Korea Electric Power Corp. (KEPCO), Taejon (Korea, Republic of). Research Center; Kim, Kwy Youl; Yoon, Moon Soo; Kim, Ho Ki; Kim, Young Sik; Mun, Sung In; Eom, Sung Wuk [Korea Electrotechnology Research Inst., Changwon (Korea, Republic of)

1996-12-31

Solid oxide fuel cell which was consisted of ceramics has high power density and is very simple in shape. The project named A development of SOFC(Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) technology is to develop the unit cell fabrication processing and to evaluate the unit cell of solid oxide full cell. In this project, a manufacturing process of cathode by citrate method and polymeric precursor methods were established. By using tape casting method, high density thin electrolyte was manufactured and has high performance. Unit cell composed with La{sub 17}Sr{sub 13}Mn{sub 3} as cathode, 8YSZ electrolyte and 50% NiYSZ anode had a performance of O.85 W/cm{sup 2} and recorded 510 hours operation time. On the basis of these results. 100 cm{sup 2} class unit cell will be fabricated and tests in next program (author). 59 refs., 120 figs.

A development of solid oxide fuel cell technology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lim, Hee Chun; Lee, Chang Woo [Korea Electric Power Corp. (KEPCO), Taejon (Korea, Republic of). Research Center; Kim, Kwy Youl; Yoon, Moon Soo; Kim, Ho Ki; Kim, Young Sik; Mun, Sung In; Eom, Sung Wuk [Korea Electrotechnology Research Inst., Changwon (Korea, Republic of)

1995-12-31

Solid oxide fuel cell which was consisted of ceramics has high power density and is very simple in shape. The project named A development of SOFC(Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) technology is to develop the unit cell fabrication processing and to evaluate the unit cell of solid oxide full cell. In this project, a manufacturing process of cathode by citrate method and polymeric precursor methods were established. By using tape casting method, high density thin electrolyte was manufactured and has high performance. Unit cell composed with La{sub 17}Sr{sub 13}Mn{sub 3} as cathode, 8YSZ electrolyte and 50% NiYSZ anode had a performance of O.85 W/cm{sup 2} and recorded 510 hours operation time. On the basis of these results. 100 cm{sup 2} class unit cell will be fabricated and tests in next program (author). 59 refs., 120 figs.

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of Sr-doped LaMnO3 perovskite as oxidation catalyst

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hirano, T.; Purwanto, H.; Watanabe, T.; Akiyama, T.

2007-01-01

Sr-doped LaMnO 3 perovskite oxide has been focused on as one of the alternative catalysts to precious metals such as platinum that are used for cleaning automotive emission gas. The conventional Solid-state reaction method is a popular productive process for perovskite oxide, however, it is time and energy consuming process because it requires repeated prolonged heat treatment at high temperatures. Therefore, the purposes of this work are to produce Sr-doped LaMnO 3 perovskite by using Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and experimentally examine the oxidation catalytic activity of the product for cleaning automotive emission gas. In the SHS, powders of La 2 O 3 , SrCO 3 , Mn and NaClO 4 were well mixed at the desired ratio and poured in a graphite crucible, where at one end it was ignited by using an electrically heated carbon foil. The wave of exothermic reaction due to oxidation of manganese propagated to the other end in a short time. The obtained products were characterized by means of XRD, FE-SEM, BET and particle size distribution analysis and then evaluated via catalytic oxidation tests by using propane in a fixed bed reactor at several temperatures. From the XRD analysis, the products had the desired composition of La 1-x Sr x MnO 3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4) perovskite, in which the replacing ratio x of La and Sr in the products was easily controlled by changing the mixing ratio of raw materials. The catalytic activity test showed that the samples exhibited good catalytic activity for propane oxidation over 200 deg. C , although the products had a relatively small surface area. SHS showed the potential for the production of a relatively inexpensive catalytic converter

Effect of oxidant on resputtering of Bi from Bi--Sr--Ca--Cu--O films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grace, J.M.; McDonald, D.B.; Reiten, M.T.; Olson, J.; Kampwirth, R.T.; Gray, K.E.

1992-01-01

The type and partial pressure of oxidant mixed with argon can affect the selective sputtering of Bi in composite-target, magnetron-sputtered Bi--Sr--Ca--Cu--O films. Comparative studies using oxygen and ozone show that ozone is a more potent oxidant, as well as a more potent source of resputterers than is oxygen. Severe resputtering from ozone is significantly reduced by a -40 V potential on the sample block. We suggest that oxygen causes resputtering by forming O + 2 , which interacts with the target to produce energetic O - . In contrast, ozone may form lower-energy O - by electron impact in the dark space. Negative oxygen ions from the target itself may be responsible for a background resputtering effect. Our results and those found for Y--Ba--Cu--O by others are comparable. Bi in Bi--Sr--Ca--Cu--O behaves as Ba in Y--Ba--Cu--O, with regard to selective resputtering; furthermore, the response of Sr, Ca, and Cu to oxygen in sputtered Bi--Sr--Ca--Cu--O is similar to what is observed for Cu in Y--Ba--Cu--O

The review of separation technology for fission nuclides 90Sr and 137Cs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Huaming; Li Xingliang; Luo Shunzhong; Peng Shuming; Lei Jiarong

2010-01-01

The progress of separation technologies for fission nuclides 90 Sr and 137 Cs, including precipitation method, liquid-liquid extraction process and ion exchanging operation, are mainly reviewed. Crown ether (DtBuCH18C6) and calixarene-crown ether (BOBCalixC6) can be highly selective for 90 Sr and 137 Cs respectively in acidic waste; Ionic liquids extraction and supercritical fluid extraction can be applied for separation 90 Sr and 137 Cs from high level waste. Crystalline silicotitiate (CST) and metal sulfide (KMS-1) have highly selectivity for 90 Sr and 137 Cs separately in basic condition. The prospects of disposal technology for high level waste are also discussed in this review. (authors)

Development of solid oxide fuel cell technology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kang, Dae Kab; Kim, Sun Jae; Jung, Choong Hwan; Kim, Kyung Hoh; Park, Ji Yun; Oh, Suk Jin [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Taejon (Korea, Republic of)

1995-01-01

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technologies that use zirconium oxide as the electrolyte material were studied in this present report. SOFC exhibits a very high power generation efficiency of over 50 %, and does not discharge pollution materials such as dusts, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide. Zirconia, Ni/YSZ (yttria stabilized zirconia), and La-Sr-Mn-Oxide materials were developed for the electrolyte material, for the anode, and for the cathode, respectively. After making thin zirconia plate using tape casting process, anode and cathode powders were screen printed on the zirconia plate for fabricating unit cells. A test system composed of a vertical tube furnace, digital multimeter, DC current supplier, and measuring circuit was constructed for testing the unit cell performance. This system was controlled by a home-made computer program. Founded on this unit cell technology and system, a multi-stack SOFC system was studied. This system was composed of 10 unit cells each of them had an electrode area of 40 x 40 mm. Based on this system design, large and thin zirconia plates of 70 x 70 mm in area was fabricated for the electrolyte. Different from in the unit cell system, interconnectors are needed in the multi-stack system for connecting unit cells electrically. For this interconnectors, Inconel 750 alloy was selected, sliced into wafers, machined, surface finished, and then Pt-plated. 55 figs, 8 tabs, 51 refs. (Author).

Development of solid oxide fuel cell technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kang, Dae Kab; Kim, Sun Jae; Jung, Choong Hwan; Kim, Kyung Hoh; Park, Ji Yun; Oh, Suk Jin

1995-01-01

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technologies that use zirconium oxide as the electrolyte material were studied in this present report. SOFC exhibits a very high power generation efficiency of over 50 %, and does not discharge pollution materials such as dusts, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide. Zirconia, Ni/YSZ (yttria stabilized zirconia), and La-Sr-Mn-Oxide materials were developed for the electrolyte material, for the anode, and for the cathode, respectively. After making thin zirconia plate using tape casting process, anode and cathode powders were screen printed on the zirconia plate for fabricating unit cells. A test system composed of a vertical tube furnace, digital multimeter, DC current supplier, and measuring circuit was constructed for testing the unit cell performance. This system was controlled by a home-made computer program. Founded on this unit cell technology and system, a multi-stack SOFC system was studied. This system was composed of 10 unit cells each of them had an electrode area of 40 x 40 mm. Based on this system design, large and thin zirconia plates of 70 x 70 mm in area was fabricated for the electrolyte. Different from in the unit cell system, interconnectors are needed in the multi-stack system for connecting unit cells electrically. For this interconnectors, Inconel 750 alloy was selected, sliced into wafers, machined, surface finished, and then Pt-plated. 55 figs, 8 tabs, 51 refs. (Author)

Selective deintercalation of apex over face-shared oxide ions in the topotactic reduction of Sr7Mn4O15 to Sr7Mn4O12.

Science.gov (United States)

Hayward, M A

2004-01-21

Sodium hydride selectively deintercalates the apex rather than face-shared oxide ions within the structure of Sr(7)Mn(4)O(15) leading to the formation of the structurally related reduced phase Sr(7)Mn(4)O(12).

ELNES study of chemical solution deposited SrO(SrTiO3)n Ruddlesden-Popper films: Experiment and simulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Riedl, T.; Gemming, T.; Weissbach, T.; Seifert, G.; Gutmann, E.; Zschornak, M.; Meyer, D.C.; Gemming, S.

2009-01-01

This article analyzes electron energy-loss near-edge fine structures of the SrO(SrTiO 3 ) n=1 Ruddlesden-Popper system and of the parent compounds SrTiO 3 and SrO by comparison with first principles calculations. For that, the fine structures of chemical solution deposited Ruddlesden-Popper films have been experimentally recorded by means of transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, density of states computations using an all-electron density-functional code have been performed. It is shown that the appearance and shape of the experimental O-K and Ti-L 2,3 fine structure features result from the crystallography-dependent electronic structure of the investigated oxides, which display technologically interesting dielectric as well as lattice-structural properties.

Comparison between AOT40 and ozone uptake in forest trees of different species, age and site conditions

Science.gov (United States)

Matyssek, R.; Wieser, G.; Nunn, A. J.; Kozovits, A. R.; Reiter, I. M.; Heerdt, C.; Winkler, J. B.; Baumgarten, M.; Häberle, K.-H.; Grams, T. E. E.; Werner, H.; Fabian, P.; Havranek, W. M.

The current AOT40 concept for inferring risks in forest trees by ozone (O 3) injury is based on an accumulated external O 3 exposure rather than an internal O 3 dose or uptake rate. AOT40 assumes O 3 concentrations below 40 nl l -1 and night-time exposure to be negligible. Hence, this concept is rather inconsistent with observed forest conditions. In contrast, the flux concept of cumulative O 3 uptake (CU) into the leaves has the potential of reflecting a physiologically meaningful internal O 3 dose experienced by trees. In this paper, we relate AOT40 to cumulative O 3 uptake into European beech ( Fagus sylvatica), Norway spruce ( Picea abies), European larch ( Larix decidua) and cembran pine ( Pinus cembra) trees differing in size, age and site conditions. We demonstrate that the flux concept can be extended to the tree and the stand level, making use of sap flow measurements through tree trunks. Although in both seedlings and adult trees AOT40 may show some linearity in correlations with average CU, the latter varies, at given AOT40, by 25±11% within and between species. This is because O 3 flux is primarily influenced by stomatal aperture, the latter being affected by climate, canopy position, leaf and tree age while varying between species. In particular, if weighed by detoxification capacity, we suggest, therefore, O 3 uptake related air quality indices to be promoted towards ecologically meaningful standards in forest protection, overcoming the shortcomings of exposure concepts. As O 3 injury results from the balance between O 3 uptake and detoxification in the leaf mesophyll, we conclude the flux concept in combination with measures of biochemical defence to have the capacity for predicting tree response to O 3 stress.

Defect engineering of SrTiO3 thin films for resistive switching applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wicklein, Sebastian

2013-01-01

As a matter of fact, the importance of (transition) metal oxides for modern applications in the field of energy and information technology (IT) for e.g. novel energy storage systems and solid state electronic devices is increasing. Previous studies discovered the importance of defects in an oxide for their functionality and emphasized the impact of stoichiometry on the oxide performance. A new field of interest of the memory technology sector is the so-called resistive switching phenomena where a voltage stimulus causes a thin oxide (≤10 nm) to change its resistance state from a high resistance state to a low resistance state and back. So called resistive RAM (ReRAM or RRAM) are deemed to be the future replacement (2015) for contemporary FLASH memory technology due to its extremely low energy consumption, its very fast read/write time (ns) and its possible node size 3 was used as an oxide model material and was deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) onto doped and undoped SrTiO 3 single crystals to investigate the formation of defects as a function of the process parameters. By combining structural and chemical thin film analysis with detailed PLD plume diagnostics and modeling of the laser plume dynamics, it was possible to elucidate the different physical mechanisms determining the stoichiometry of SrTiO 3 during PLD. Deviations between thin film and target stoichiometry are basically a result of two effects, namely, incongruent ablation and preferential scattering of lighter ablated species during their motion towards the substrate in the O 2 background gas. It is shown that the SrTiO 3 system reacts to a non-stoichiometry with the systematic incorporation of titanium and strontium vacancies which could be detected by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. The role of extrinsic dopands such as Fe is shown to have more complicated effects on the SrTiO 3 system than portrayed by theoretical considerations. The effect of defects on the resistive

Suppressed Sr segregation and performance of directly assembled La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ oxygen electrode on Y2O3-ZrO2 electrolyte of solid oxide electrolysis cells

Science.gov (United States)

Ai, Na; He, Shuai; Li, Na; Zhang, Qi; Rickard, William D. A.; Chen, Kongfa; Zhang, Teng; Jiang, San Ping

2018-04-01

Active and stable oxygen electrode is probably the most important in the development of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) technologies. Herein, we report the successful development of mixed ionic and electronic conducting (MIEC) La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) perovskite oxides directly assembled on barrier-layer-free yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte as highly active and stable oxygen electrodes of SOECs. Electrolysis polarization effectively induces the formation of electrode/electrolyte interface, similar to that observed under solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operation conditions. However, in contrast to the significant performance decay under SOFC operation conditions, the cell with directly assembled LSCF oxygen electrodes shows excellent stability, tested for 300 h at 0.5 A cm-2 and 750 °C under SOEC operation conditions. Detailed microstructure and phase analysis reveal that Sr segregation is inevitable for LSCF electrode, but anodic polarization substantially suppresses Sr segregation and migration to the electrode/electrolyte interface, leading to the formation of stable and efficient electrode/electrolyte interface for water and CO2 electrolysis under SOECs operation conditions. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of using directly assembled MIEC cobaltite based oxygen electrodes on barrier-layer-free YSZ electrolyte of SOECs.

Proton transfer dynamics in a polar nanodroplet: ESIPT of 4'-n,n-dimethylamino-3-hydroxyflavone in AOT/alkane/water reverse micelles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ghosh, Deborin [Department of Chemistry, University College of Science & Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009 (India); Batuta, Shaikh; Begum, Naznin Ara [Bio-Organic Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731 235 (India); Mandal, Debabrata, E-mail: dmandal.chemistry@gmail.com [Department of Chemistry, University College of Science & Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009 (India)

2017-04-15

The excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of the well-known fluorophore 4'-N,N-Dimethylamino-3-hydroxyflavone (DMA3HF) was studied in AOT/n-heptane/water reverse micelle solutions. For DMA3HF molecules located inside the AOT encapsulated polar nanodroplets, ESIPT from excited enol (E*) to tautomer (T*) forms was markedly inhibited, yielding time-constants of ≥100 ps, and followed the same trend as solvent relaxation when the ratio W= [H{sub 2}O]/[AOT] was varied. At W=0, the DMA3HF molecules were attached to the ionic AOT headgroups via strong intermolecular H-bonding, which hindered ESIPT. Addition of water changes the situation radically: water molecules form stronger H-bonds with AOT headgroups, displacing the DMA3HF, which are instead engaged in intermolecular H-bonded complexes of the type [DMA3HF···water]. ESIPT of these complex-bound fluorophores involves substantial rearrangement of H-bonding, and is coupled to solvation dynamics. With increasing W-value, solvation becomes faster, and so does ESIPT, reducing the yield of E* species. At the same time, the local environment within the nanodroplets become more more polar with gradual accumulation of water, which causes a monotonic red-shift of the E* emission peak.

Description and validation of an AOT product over land at the 0.6 μm channel of the SEVIRI sensor onboard MSG

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

E. Bernard

2011-11-01

Full Text Available The Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI aboard Meteosat Second Generation (MSG launched in 2003 by EUMETSAT is dedicated to the Nowcasting applications and Numerical Weather Prediction and to the provision of observations for climate monitoring and research. We use the data in visible and near infrared (NIR channels to derive the aerosol optical thickness (AOT over land. The algorithm is based on the assumption that the top of the atmosphere (TOA reflectance increases with the aerosol load. This is a reasonable assumption except in case of absorbing aerosols above bright surfaces. We assume that the minimum in a 14-days time series of the TOA reflectance is, once corrected from gaseous scattering and absorption, representative of the surface reflectance. The AOT and the aerosol model (a set of 5 models is used, are retrieved by matching the simulated TOA reflectance with the TOA reflectances measured by SEVIRI in its visible and NIR spectral bands.

The high temporal resolution of the data acquisition by SEVIRI allows to retrieve the AOT every 15 min with a spatial resolution of 3 km at sub-satellite point, over the entire SEVIRI disk covering Europe, Africa and part of South America. The resulting AOT, a level 2 product at the native temporal and spatial SEVIRI resolutions, is presented and evaluated in this paper.

The AOT has been validated using ground based measurements from AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET, a sun-photometer network, focusing over Europe for 3 months in 2006. The SEVIRI estimates correlate well with the AERONET measurements, r = 0.64, with a slight overestimate, bias = −0.017. The sources of errors are mainly the cloud contamination and the bad estimation of the surface reflectance. The temporal evolutions exhibited by both datasets show very good agreement which allows to conclude that the AOT Level 2 product from SEVIRI can be used to quantify the aerosol content and to monitor

Reaction products between Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-oxide thick films and alumina substrates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alarco, J.A.; Ilushechkin, A.; Yamashita, T.; Bhargava, A.; Barry, J.; Mackinnon, I.D.R.

1997-01-01

The structure and composition of reaction products between Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-oxide (BSCCO) thick films and alumina substrates have been characterized using a combination of electron diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). Sr and Ca are found to be the most reactive cations with alumina. Sr 4 Al 6 O 12 SO 4 is formed between the alumina substrates and BSCCO thick films prepared from paste with composition close to Bi-2212 (and Bi-2212+10 wt.% Ag). For paste with composition close to Bi(Pb)-2223 +20 wt.% Ag, a new phase with f.c.c. structure, lattice parameter about a=24.5 A and approximate composition Al 3 Sr 2 CaBi 2 CuO x has been identified in the interface region. Understanding and control of these reactions is essential for growth of high quality BSCCO thick films on alumina. (orig.)

The effect of oxidant on resputtering of Bi from Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O films

Science.gov (United States)

Grace, J. M.; McDonald, D. B.; Reiten, M. T.; Olson, J.; Kampwirth, R. T.; Gray, K. E.

1991-09-01

The type and partial pressure of oxidant mixed with argon can affect the selective resputtering of Bi in composite-target, magnetron-sputtered Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O films. Comparative studies using oxygen and ozone show that ozone is a more potent oxidant, as well as a more potent source of resputterers, than is oxygen. Severe resputtering from ozone is significantly reduced by a -40 V potential on the sample block. We suggest that oxygen causes resputtering by forming O2(+)p , which interacts with the target to produce energetic O(-). In contrast, ozone may form lower-energy O(-) by electron impact in the dark space. Negative oxygen ions from the target itself may be responsible for a background resputtering effect. Our results and those found for Y-Ba-Cu-O by others are comparable. Bi in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O behaves as Ba in Y-Ba-Cu-O, with regard to selective resputtering; furthermore, the response of Sr, Ca, and Cu to oxygen in sputtered Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O is similar to what is observed for Cu in Y-Ba-Cu-O.

Defect engineering of SrTiO{sub 3} thin films for resistive switching applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wicklein, Sebastian

2013-11-19

As a matter of fact, the importance of (transition) metal oxides for modern applications in the field of energy and information technology (IT) for e.g. novel energy storage systems and solid state electronic devices is increasing. Previous studies discovered the importance of defects in an oxide for their functionality and emphasized the impact of stoichiometry on the oxide performance. A new field of interest of the memory technology sector is the so-called resistive switching phenomena where a voltage stimulus causes a thin oxide (≤10 nm) to change its resistance state from a high resistance state to a low resistance state and back. So called resistive RAM (ReRAM or RRAM) are deemed to be the future replacement (2015) for contemporary FLASH memory technology due to its extremely low energy consumption, its very fast read/write time (ns) and its possible node size <10 nm. A key challenge for the investigation of oxides and their electronic properties is the management and controlled incorporation of defects in the thin film oxide. Within this work, SrTiO{sub 3} was used as an oxide model material and was deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) onto doped and undoped SrTiO{sub 3} single crystals to investigate the formation of defects as a function of the process parameters. By combining structural and chemical thin film analysis with detailed PLD plume diagnostics and modeling of the laser plume dynamics, it was possible to elucidate the different physical mechanisms determining the stoichiometry of SrTiO{sub 3} during PLD. Deviations between thin film and target stoichiometry are basically a result of two effects, namely, incongruent ablation and preferential scattering of lighter ablated species during their motion towards the substrate in the O{sub 2} background gas. It is shown that the SrTiO{sub 3} system reacts to a non-stoichiometry with the systematic incorporation of titanium and strontium vacancies which could be detected by positron annihilation

Surface properties and catalytic performance of Pt/LaSrCoO4 catalysts in the oxidation of hexane

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hua Zhong

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Perovskite-type La2 –xSrxCoO4 mixed oxides have been prepared by calcination at various temperatures of precipitates obtained from aqueous solutions in the presence of citric or ethylenediamintetraacetic (EDTA acids, and have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD, surface area (BET measurements, temperature programmed desorption (TPD, temperature programmed reduction (TPR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS. These oxides are catalysts for hexane oxidation, with the greatest activity for LaSrCoO4 calcined at 750 C. This has extensive oxygen vacancies and large internal surface area. Pt-modified LaSrCoO4 catalysts are significantly more active than the Pt-free system. Both surface and bulk phases of the preovskitetype oxides contribute to hexane oxidation.

Non-chemical water purification a Westinghouse/Wallenius product for nuclear power plant needs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goetberg, J.; Carlsson, M.

2014-01-01

Increasing demand for ecologically effective water treatment technologies has resulted in the development of several new oxidation methods. These technologies are generally labelled Advanced Oxidation Technologies (AOT) or Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) and currently represent the most widely recognized alternative for ecologically sound, high-tech water purification. Many years of intensive research have culminated in the innovative Wallenius-AOT technology, a patented method that is remarkable in several ways. It imitates nature's own water purification method. This means no chemical additives are needed. The technology utilizes the ability of light, together with photo-catalytic semiconductor surfaces, to produce free radicals, like nature does. These reactive radicals create an environment in which organic and inorganic substances oxidize, whereby a broad spectrum of organisms is rendered harmless more effectively than with conventional UV technology. The entire process takes just a few micro-seconds. A major advantage of the technology is that it can be adjusted according to the desired degree of purification. By altering the dynamics of the process, the purification can be designed for specific applications. In this way, AOT tackles precise problems, regardless of flow and whether the problem is chemical or biological. The product was originally introduced for ballast treatment in the shipping industry. Ballast water has created severe damages to the biology at many locations. By moving an organism from one ocean to another we have introduced a possible threat to the local ecosystem. This has been prevented by using the AOT water treatment units. During ballasting and de-ballasting, the units create radicals with the help of a catalyst and a light source. These radicals then destroy the cell membrane of microorganisms. The radicals, which never leave the unit, have a lifetime of only a few milliseconds and pose no risk to the environment or crew

Thermodynamic modeling of La2O3-SrO-Mn2O3-Cr2O3 for solid oxide fuel cell applications

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Povoden-Karadeniz, E.; Chen, Ming; Ivas, Toni

2012-01-01

The thermodynamic La–Sr–Mn–Cr–O oxide database is obtained as an extension of thermodynamic descriptions of oxide subsystems using the calculation of phase diagrams approach. Concepts of the thermodynamic modeling of solid oxide phases are discussed. Gibbs energy functions of SrCrO4, Sr2.67Cr2O8......, Sr2CrO4, and SrCr2O4 are presented, and thermodynamic model parameters of La–Sr–Mn–Chromite perovskite are given. Experimental solid solubilities and nonstoichiometries in La1xSrxCrO3d and LaMn1xCrxO3d are reproduced by the model. The presented oxide database can be used for applied computational...... thermodynamics of traditional lanthanum manganite cathode with Cr-impurities. It represents the fundament for extensions to higher orders, aiming on thermodynamic calculations in noble symmetric solid oxide fuel cells...

Electronic structure, magnetism and thermoelectricity in layered perovskites: Sr2SnMnO6 and Sr2SnFeO6

Science.gov (United States)

Khandy, Shakeel Ahmad; Gupta, Dinesh C.

2017-11-01

Layered structures especially perovskites have titanic potential for novel device applications and thanks to the multifunctional properties displayed in these materials. We forecast and justify the robust spin-polarized ferromagnetism in half-metallic Sr2SnFeO6 and semiconducting Sr2SnMnO6 perovskite oxides. Different approximation methods have been argued to put forward their physical properties. The intriguingly intricate electronic band structures favor the application of these materials in spintronics. The transport parameters like Seebeck coefficient, electrical and thermal conductivity, have been put together to establish their thermoelectric response. Finally, the layered oxides are found to switch their application as thermoelectric materials and hence, these concepts design the principles of the technologically desired thermoelectric and spin based devices.

Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles in AOT microemulsion system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Wanzhong; Qiao Xueliang; Chen Jianguo

2006-01-01

Colloidal silver nanoparticles have been synthesized in water-in-oil microemulsion using silver nitrate solubilized in the water core of one microemulsion as source of silver ions, hydrazine hydrate solubilized in the water core of another microemulsion as reducing agent, dodecane as the oil phase, sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) as the surfactant. The UV-vis absorption spectra and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to trace the growth process and elucidate the structure of the silver nanoparticles. UV-vis spectra show that the Ag 4 + intermediates formed at early stages of the reaction and then the clusters grow or aggregate to larger nanoparticles. TEM micrographs confirm that the silver nanoparticles are all spherical. The resulting particles have a very narrow size distribution. Meanwhile, the diameter size of the particles is so small that the smallest mean diameter is only 1.6nm. IR results show that the surfactant molecules are strongly adsorbed on the surface of silver particles through a coordination bond between the silver atom and the sulfonic group of AOT molecules, which endows the particles with a good stability in oil solvents. As dodecane is used as oil solvent to prepare silver nanoparticles, the formed nano-silver sol is almost nontoxic. As a result, the silver nanoparticles need not be separated from the reaction solution and the silver sol may be directly used in antibacterial fields

Novel Mg-Doped SrMoO3 Perovskites Designed as Anode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vanessa Cascos

2016-07-01

Full Text Available SrMo1−xMxO3−δ (M = Fe and Cr, x = 0.1 and 0.2 oxides have been recently described as excellent anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells at intermediate temperatures (IT-SOFC with LSGM as the electrolyte. In this work, we have improved their properties by doping with aliovalent Mg ions at the B-site of the parent SrMoO3 perovskite. SrMo1−xMgxO3−δ (x = 0.1, 0.2 oxides have been prepared, characterized and tested as anode materials in single solid-oxide fuel cells, yielding output powers near 900 mW/cm−2 at 850 °C using pure H2 as fuel. We have studied its crystal structure with an “in situ” neutron power diffraction (NPD experiment at temperatures as high as 800 °C, emulating the working conditions of an SOFC. Adequately high oxygen deficiencies, observed by NPD, together with elevated disk-shaped anisotropic displacement factors suggest a high ionic conductivity at the working temperatures. Furthermore, thermal expansion measurements, chemical compatibility with the LSGM electrolyte, electronic conductivity and reversibility upon cycling in oxidizing-reducing atmospheres have been carried out to find out the correlation between the excellent performance as an anode and the structural features.

Synthesis of Polyaniline-Coated Graphene Oxide@SrTiO3 Nanocube Nanocomposites for Enhanced Removal of Carcinogenic Dyes from Aqueous Solution

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Syed Shahabuddin

2016-09-01

Full Text Available The present investigation highlights the synthesis of polyaniline (PANI-coated graphene oxide doped with SrTiO3 nanocube nanocomposites through facile in situ oxidative polymerization method for the efficient removal of carcinogenic dyes, namely, the cationic dye methylene blue (MB and the anionic dye methyl orange (MO. The presence of oxygenated functional groups comprised of hydroxyl and epoxy groups in graphene oxide (GO and nitrogen-containing functionalities such as imine groups and amine groups in polyaniline work synergistically to impart cationic and anionic nature to the synthesised nanocomposite, whereas SrTiO3 nanocubes act as spacers aiding in segregation of GO sheets, thereby increasing the effective surface area of nanocomposite. The synthesised nanocomposites were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, X-ray diffraction (XRD, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR. The adsorption efficiencies of graphene oxide (GO, PANI homopolymer, and SrTiO3 nanocubes-doped nanocomposites were assessed by monitoring the adsorption of methylene blue and methyl orange dyes from aqueous solution. The adsorption efficiency of nanocomposites doped with SrTiO3 nanocubes were found to be of higher magnitude as compared with undoped nanocomposite. Moreover, the nanocomposite with 2 wt % SrTiO3 with respect to graphene oxide demonstrated excellent adsorption behaviour with 99% and 91% removal of MB and MO, respectively, in a very short duration of time.

Thermoelectric Properties of the Yttrium-Doped Ceramic Oxide SrTiO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Khan, Tamal Tahsin; Ur, Soon-Chul [Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju (Korea, Republic of)

2017-01-15

The doping dependence of the thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, of the ceramic oxide SrTiO{sub 3} at high temperature has been studied. In this study, yttrium was used as the doping element. A conventional solid-state reaction method was used for the preparation of Y-doped SrTiO{sub 3}. The doping level in SrTiO{sub 3} was controlled to be in the doping range of 2 - 10 mole%. Almost all the yttrium atoms incorporated into the SrTiO{sub 3} provided charge carriers, as was observed by using X-ray diffraction pattern. The relative densities of all the samples varied from 98.53% to 99.45%. The thermoelectric properties, including the electrical conductivity σ, Seebeck coefficient S, thermal conductivity k, and the figure of merit, ZT, were investigated at medium temperatures. The ZT value showed an obvious doping level dependence, in which a value as high as 0.18 is realized at 773 K for a doping of 8 mole%.

Effect of micellar collisions and polyvinylpyrrolidone confinement on the electrical conductivity percolation parameters of water/AOT/isooctane reverse micelles

Science.gov (United States)

Guettari, Moez; Aferni, Ahmed E. L.; Tajouri, Tahar

2017-12-01

The main aim of this paper is the analysis of micellar collisions and polymer confinement effects on the electrical conductivity percolative behavior of water/sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)/isooctane reverse micelles. Firstly, we have performed conductance measurements of the system for three AOT to isooctane volume ratio, φm = 0.1 , 0.15 and 0.2 to examine the influence of micellar collisions on the percolation parameters. All the measurements were carried out over the 298.15 K-333.15 K temperature range at a fixed water to AOT molar ratio, W0 = 45 . We have assessed that the rise of micellar collisions frequency enhances the conductance percolation. Secondly, the confinement effect of a water-soluble polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), on the reverse micelles conductance behavior was investigated. Temperature-induced percolation, Tp , have shown a dependence on the polymer concentration, CPVP . It was also observed that for various PVP concentrations, the activation energy of percolation decreases. Finally, the values of the critical exponents determined in the presence and absence of PVP prove that the polymer affects the dynamic of percolation.

Adsorption behavior of multiwall carbon nanotube/iron oxide magnetic composites for Ni(II) and Sr(II)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Changlun; Hu Jun; Shao Dadong; Li Jiaxing; Wang Xiangke

2009-01-01

Multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/iron oxide magnetic composites were prepared, and were characterized by scan electron microscopy using a field emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometer. The adsorptions of Ni(II) and Sr(II) onto MWCNT/iron oxide magnetic composites were studied as a function of pH and ionic strength. The results show that the adsorptions of Ni(II) and Sr(II) on the magnetic composites is strongly dependent on pH and ionic strength. The adsorption capacity of the magnetic composites is much higher than that of MWCNTs and iron oxides. The solid magnetic composites can be separated from the solution by a magnetic process. The Langmuir model fits the adsorption isotherm data of Ni(II) better than the Freundlich model. Results of desorption study shows that Ni(II) adsorbed onto the magnetic composites can be easily desorbed at pH < 2.0. MWCNT/iron oxide magnetic composites may be a promising candidate for pre-concentration and solidification of heavy metal ions and radionuclides from large volumes of aqueous solution, as required for remediation purposes.

Method of depositing thin films of high temperature Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O-based ceramic oxide superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Budd, K.D.

1991-01-01

This patent describes a method. It comprises preparing a liquid precursor of a Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O- based ceramic oxide superconductor phase, wherein the liquid precursor comprises an alkoxyalkanol, copper acrylate, strontium acrylate, bismuth nitrate, and calcium nitrate, wherein the liquid precursor has a cation ratio sufficient to form the desired stoichiometry in the ceramic oxide superconductor phase when the liquid precursor is heated to a temperature and for a time sufficient to provide the desired ceramic oxide superconductor phase, and wherein the copper acrylate, strontium acrylate, bismuth nitrate, and calcium nitrate are mutually soluble in the alkoxyalkanol; applying the liquid precursor to a substrate, wherein the substrate is one of an oxide ceramic, a metal selected from the group consisting of Ag and Ni, and Si; and heating the substrate in an oxygen-containing atmosphere with the liquid precursor applied thereon to a temperature and for a time sufficient to form a thin film comprising at least one Bi-Sr- Ca-Cu-O-based high temperature ceramic oxide superconductor phase

Structural evolution of epitaxial SrCoOx films near topotactic phase transition

Science.gov (United States)

Jeen, Hyoungjeen; Lee, Ho Nyung

2015-12-01

Control of oxygen stoichiometry in complex oxides via topotactic phase transition is an interesting avenue to not only modifying the physical properties, but utilizing in many energy technologies, such as energy storage and catalysts. However, detailed structural evolution in the close proximity of the topotactic phase transition in multivalent oxides has not been much studied. In this work, we used strontium cobaltites (SrCoOx) epitaxially grown by pulsed laser epitaxy (PLE) as a model system to study the oxidation-driven evolution of the structure, electronic, and magnetic properties. We grew coherently strained SrCoO2.5 thin films and performed post-annealing at various temperatures for topotactic conversion into the perovskite phase (SrCoO3-δ). We clearly observed significant changes in electronic transport, magnetism, and microstructure near the critical temperature for the topotactic transformation from the brownmillerite to the perovskite phase. Nevertheless, the overall crystallinity was well maintained without much structural degradation, indicating that topotactic phase control can be a useful tool to control the physical properties repeatedly via redox reactions.

Structural evolution of epitaxial SrCoOx films near topotactic phase transition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hyoungjeen Jeen

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Control of oxygen stoichiometry in complex oxides via topotactic phase transition is an interesting avenue to not only modifying the physical properties, but utilizing in many energy technologies, such as energy storage and catalysts. However, detailed structural evolution in the close proximity of the topotactic phase transition in multivalent oxides has not been much studied. In this work, we used strontium cobaltites (SrCoOx epitaxially grown by pulsed laser epitaxy (PLE as a model system to study the oxidation-driven evolution of the structure, electronic, and magnetic properties. We grew coherently strained SrCoO2.5 thin films and performed post-annealing at various temperatures for topotactic conversion into the perovskite phase (SrCoO3-δ. We clearly observed significant changes in electronic transport, magnetism, and microstructure near the critical temperature for the topotactic transformation from the brownmillerite to the perovskite phase. Nevertheless, the overall crystallinity was well maintained without much structural degradation, indicating that topotactic phase control can be a useful tool to control the physical properties repeatedly via redox reactions.

La interstitial defect-induced insulator-metal transition in the oxide heterostructures LaAl O3 /SrTi O3

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Jun; Yang, Ming; Feng, Yuan Ping; Rusydi, Andrivo

2017-11-01

Perovskite oxide interfaces have attracted tremendous research interest for their fundamental physics and promising all-oxide electronic applications. Here, based on first-principles calculations, we propose a surface La interstitial promoted interface insulator-metal transition in LaAl O3 /SrTi O3 (110). Compared with surface oxygen vacancies, which play a determining role on the insulator-metal transition of LaAl O3 /SrTi O3 (001) interfaces, we find that surface La interstitials can be more experimentally realistic and accessible for manipulation and more stable in an ambient atmospheric environment. Interestingly, these surface La interstitials also induce significant spin-splitting states with a Ti dy z/dx z character at a conducting LaAl O3 /SrTi O3 (110) interface. On the other hand, for insulating LaAl O3 /SrTi O3 (110) (<4 unit cells LaAl O3 thickness), a distortion between La (Al) and O atoms is found at the LaAl O3 side, partially compensating the polarization divergence. Our results reveal the origin of the metal-insulator transition in LaAl O3 /SrTi O3 (110) heterostructures, and also shed light on the manipulation of the superior properties of LaAl O3 /SrTi O3 (110) for different possibilities in electronic and magnetic applications.

Effect of anode firing on the performance of lanthanum and nickel co-doped SrTiO3 (La0.2Sr0.8Ti0.9Ni0.1O3-δ) anode of solid oxide fuel cell

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Byung Hyun; Choi, Gyeong Man

2015-10-01

Perovskite oxides have potential for use as alternative anode materials in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) due to stability in anode atmosphere; donor-doped SrTiO3 (e.g., La0.2Sr0.8TiO3-δ) is a good candidate for this purpose. Electro-catalytic nanoparticles can be produced in oxide anodes by the ex-solution method, e.g., by incorporating Ni into a perovskite oxide in air, then reducing the oxide in H2 atmosphere. In this study, we varied the temperature (1100, 1250 °C) and atmosphere (air, H2) of La0.2Sr0.8Ti0.9Ni0.1O3-δ (LSTN) anode firing to control the degree of Ni ex-solution and microstructure. LSTN fired at 1250 °C in H2 showed the best anodic performance for scandia-stabilized zirconia (ScSZ) electrolyte-supported cells in H2 and CH4 fuels due to the favorable microstructure and Ni ex-solution.

Electronic properties and surface reactivity of SrO-terminated SrTiO3 and SrO-terminated iron-doped SrTiO3.

Science.gov (United States)

Staykov, Aleksandar; Tellez, Helena; Druce, John; Wu, Ji; Ishihara, Tatsumi; Kilner, John

2018-01-01

Surface reactivity and near-surface electronic properties of SrO-terminated SrTiO 3 and iron doped SrTiO 3 were studied with first principle methods. We have investigated the density of states (DOS) of bulk SrTiO 3 and compared it to DOS of iron-doped SrTiO 3 with different oxidation states of iron corresponding to varying oxygen vacancy content within the bulk material. The obtained bulk DOS was compared to near-surface DOS, i.e. surface states, for both SrO-terminated surface of SrTiO 3 and iron-doped SrTiO 3 . Electron density plots and electron density distribution through the entire slab models were investigated in order to understand the origin of surface electrons that can participate in oxygen reduction reaction. Furthermore, we have compared oxygen reduction reactions at elevated temperatures for SrO surfaces with and without oxygen vacancies. Our calculations demonstrate that the conduction band, which is formed mainly by the d-states of Ti, and Fe-induced states within the band gap of SrTiO 3 , are accessible only on TiO 2 terminated SrTiO 3 surface while the SrO-terminated surface introduces a tunneling barrier for the electrons populating the conductance band. First principle molecular dynamics demonstrated that at elevated temperatures the surface oxygen vacancies are essential for the oxygen reduction reaction.

Apolipoprotein A-1 mimetic peptide 4F promotes endothelial repairing and compromises reendothelialization impaired by oxidized HDL through SR-B1

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dan He

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Disruption of endothelial monolayer integrity is the primary instigating factor for many cardiovascular diseases. High density lipoprotein (HDL oxidized by heme enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO is dysfunctional in promoting endothelial repair. Apolipoprotein A-1 mimetic 4F with its pleiotropic benefits has been proven effective in many in vivo models. In this study we investigated whether 4F promotes endothelial repair and restores the impaired function of oxidized HDL (Cl/NO2-HDL in promoting re-endothelialization. We demonstrate that 4F and Cl/NO2-HDL act on scavenger receptor type I (SR-B1 using human aorta endothelial cells (HAEC and SR-B1 (-/- mouse aortic endothelial cells. Wound healing, transwell migration, lamellipodia formation and single cell migration assay experiments show that 4F treatment is associated with a recovery of endothelial cell migration and associated with significantly increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS activity, Akt phosphorylation and SR-B1 expression. 4F increases NO generation and diminishes oxidative stress. In vivo, 4F can stimulate cell proliferation and re-endothelialization in the carotid artery after treatment with Cl/NO2-HDL in a carotid artery electric injury model but fails to do so in SR-B1(-/- mice. These findings demonstrate that 4F promotes endothelial cell migration and has a potential therapeutic benefit against early endothelial injury in cardiovascular diseases.

Electric field effects in graphene/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures and nanostructures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mengchen Huang

2015-06-01

Full Text Available We report the development and characterization of graphene/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures. Complex-oxide heterostructures are created by pulsed laser deposition and are integrated with graphene using both mechanical exfoliation and transfer from chemical-vapor deposition on ultraflat copper substrates. Nanoscale control of the metal-insulator transition at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface, achieved using conductive atomic force microscope lithography, is demonstrated to be possible through the graphene layer. LaAlO3/SrTiO3-based electric field effects using a graphene top gate are also demonstrated. The ability to create functional field-effect devices provides the potential of graphene-complex-oxide heterostructures for scientific and technological advancement.

Evaluation of thermodynamic and kinetic stability of P-type transparent conducting oxide, SrCu2O2 under various oxygen partial pressures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sugimoto, Takayuki; Yanagawa, Atsumi; Hashimoto, Takuya

2012-01-01

Highlights: ▶ Thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of SrCu 2 O 2 under various P(O 2 ) was estimated. ▶ The reaction rate for decomposition decreased with decreasing temperature and P(O 2 ). ▶ The activation energy for decomposition of SrCu 2 O 2 was estimated to be 66 kJ/mol. ▶ SrCu 2 O 2 showed less stability than those of other transparent p-type semiconductors. - Abstract: Kinetic stability of transparent p-type conducting oxide, SrCu 2 O 2 , has been evaluated by using X-ray diffraction measurement and thermogravimetry. It was revealed that SrCu 2 O 2 decomposed to mixture of CuO and Sr 14 Cu 24 O 41 in air at temperatures above 300 °C. The decomposition reaction rate can be successfully explained by kinetic model assuming first-order chemical reaction. The rate constant can be suppressed with decreasing temperature and oxygen partial pressure. The activation energy for decomposition reaction of SrCu 2 O 2 calculated from Arrhenius plot was 66 kJ/mol, which was lower than those of other transparent p-type semiconductors such as CuAlO 2 and CuGaO 2 . The low decomposition temperature and activation energy for decomposition indicate that chemical stability of SrCu 2 O 2 is far lower than those of other p-type conducting oxides.

Experimental investigation of mouse kidney aging with SR PCI technology

Science.gov (United States)

Yifeng, P.; Zehua, Z.; Guohao, D.; Tiqiao, X.; Hongjie, X.; Peiping, Z.

2013-08-01

Objective. Basing on the coherence character of the Synchrotron radiation (SR), the mouse kidney study is performed using the propagation-based phase-contrast imaging (PCI) technology which as one approach of the phase contrasts imaging (PCI). The aim of this paper was to visualize the kidney at different ages and evaluate the latent value of aging mechanism with SR phase contrast imaging technology. Methods. The experiments were performed at the BL13W1 line of the SSRF (the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility), the samples were soaked in 10% formalin solution, the mouse kidneys at different ages were imaged on the shelf in the propagation-based phase-contrast imaging setup and captured with CCD. The captured images were analyzed and compared. Results. When the distance is 50 cm between the samples and imaging plate, good contrast and high resolution were obtained in the propagation-based phase-contrast imaging (PCI), as such renal capsule revealed well, and the resolution reach to 30 micron; there is significant difference in the shape and vessels structures among the mouse kidneys at different age. Conclusion. The PCI is good for the applying of main light element organization imaging, the difference in shape and vessels structure between the young and old mouse kidney maybe indicated at some extent with the propagation-based phase-contrast imaging technology.

Ionic conductivity in new perovskite type oxides: NaAZrMO6 (A = Ca or Sr; M = Nb or Ta)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rajendran, Deepthi N.; Ravindran Nair, K.; Prabhakar Rao, P.; Sibi, K.S.; Koshy, Peter; Vaidyan, V.K.

2008-01-01

New oxides of the type, NaAZrMO 6 (M = Ca or Sr; M = Nb or Ta), have been prepared by the solid-state reaction technique. Phase identification by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that NaCaZrMO 6 has orthorhombic perovskite type structure (Pnma) and NaSrZrMO 6 has cubic perovskite type structure (Pm3m). The grain morphology observation by scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows well-sintered grains. ac impedance spectra and electrical conductivity measurements in air, oxygen and nitrogen atmospheres indicate that they are probable oxide ion conductors with ionic conductivities of the order of 10 -3 S cm -1 at 750 deg. C

Sr{sub 2}CoMoO{sub 6} anode for solid oxide fuel cell running on H{sub 2} and CH{sub 4} fuels

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Ping [Engineering Research Center of Nano-GEO Materials of Education Ministry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074 (China); Texas Materials Institute, ETC 9.102, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (United States); Huang, Yun-Hui [Texas Materials Institute, ETC 9.102, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (United States); State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074 (China); Cheng, Jin-Guang; Goodenough, John B. [Texas Materials Institute, ETC 9.102, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (United States); Mao, Zong-Qiang [Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)

2011-02-15

The double perovskite Sr{sub 2}CoMoO{sub 6-{delta}} was investigated as a candidate anode for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the cation array is retained to 800 C in H{sub 2} atmosphere with the introduction of a limited concentration of oxide-ion vacancies. Stoichiometric Sr{sub 2}CoMoO{sub 6} has an antiferromagnetic Neel temperature T{sub N} {approx} 37 K, but after reduction in H{sub 2} at 800 C for 10 h, long-range magnetic order appears to set in above 300 K. In H{sub 2}, the electronic conductivity increases sharply with temperature in the interval 400 C < T < 500 C due to the onset of a loss of oxygen to make Sr{sub 2}CoMoO{sub 6-{delta}} a good mixed oxide-ion/electronic conductor (MIEC). With a 300-{mu}m-thick La{sub 0.8}Sr{sub 0.12}Ga{sub 0.83}Mg{sub 0.17}O{sub 2.815} (LSGM) as oxide-ion electrolyte and SrCo{sub 0.8}Fe{sub 0.2}O{sub 3-{delta}} as the cathode, the Sr{sub 2}CoMoO{sub 6-{delta}} anode gave a maximum power density of 1017 mW cm{sup -2} in H{sub 2} and 634 mW cm{sup -2} in wet CH{sub 4}. A degradation of power in CH{sub 4} was observed, which could be attributed to coke build up observed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). (author)

Improving allowed outage time and surveillance test interval requirements: a study of their interactions using probabilistic methods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martorell, S.A.; Serradell, V.G.; Samanta, P.K.

1995-01-01

Technical Specifications (TS) define the limits and conditions for operating nuclear plants safely. We selected the Limiting Conditions for Operations (LCO) and Surveillance Requirements (SR), both within TS, as the main items to be evaluated using probabilistic methods. In particular, we focused on the Allowed Outage Time (AOT) and Surveillance Test Interval (STI) requirements in LCO and SR, respectively. Already, significant operating and design experience has accumulated revealing several problems which require modifications in some TS rules. Developments in Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) allow the evaluation of effects due to such modifications in AOT and STI from a risk point of view. Thus, some changes have already been adopted in some plants. However, the combined effect of several changes in AOT and STI, i.e. through their interactions, is not addressed. This paper presents a methodology which encompasses, along with the definition of AOT and STI interactions, the quantification of interactions in terms of risk using PSA methods, an approach for evaluating simultaneous AOT and STI modifications, and an assessment of strategies for giving flexibility to plant operation through simultaneous changes on AOT and STI using trade-off-based risk criteria

Risk assessments for forest trees: The performance of the ozone flux versus the AOT concepts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Karlsson, P.E.; Braun, S.; Broadmeadow, M.; Elvira, S.; Emberson, L.; Gimeno, B.S.; Le Thiec, D.; Novak, K.; Oksanen, E.; Schaub, M.; Uddling, J.; Wilkinson, M.

2007-01-01

Published ozone exposure-response relationships from experimental studies with young trees performed at different sites across Europe were re-analysed in order to test the performance of ozone exposure indices based on AOTX (Accumulated exposure Over a Threshold of X nmol mol -1 ) and AF st Y (Accumulated Stomatal Flux above a threshold of Y nmol m -2 s -1 ). AF st 1.6 was superior, as compared to AOT40, for explaining biomass reductions, when ozone sensitive species with differing leaf morphology were included in the analysis, while this was not the case for less sensitive species. A re-analysis of data with young black cherry trees, subject to different irrigation regimes, indicated that leaf visible injuries were more strongly related to the estimated stomatal ozone uptake, as compared to the ozone concentration in the air. Experimental data with different clones of silver birch indicated that leaf thickness was also an important factor influencing the development of ozone induced leaf visible injury. - Ozone stomatal flux based indices were superior, as compared to AOT40, for explaining biomass reductions and leaf visible injury

Study of non-stoichiometric BaSrTiFeO3 oxide dedicated to semiconductor gas sensors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fasquelle, D.; Verbrugghe, N.; Deputier, S.

2016-01-01

Developing instrumentation systems compatible with the European RoHS directive (restriction of hazardous substances) to monitor our environment is of great interest for our society. Our research therefore aims at developing innovating integrated systems of detection dedicated to the characterization of various environmental exposures. These systems, which integrate new gas sensors containing lead-free oxides, are dedicated to the detection of flammable and toxic gases. We have firstly chosen to study semiconductor gas sensors implemented with lead-free oxides in view to develop RoHS devices. Therefore thick films deposited by spin-coating and screen-printing have been chosen for their robustness, ease to realize and ease to finally obtain cost-effective sensors. As crystalline defects and ionic vacancies are of great interest for gas detection, we have decided to study a non-stoichiometric composition of the BaSrTiFeO 3 sensible oxide. Nonstoichiometric BaSrTiFeO 3 lead-free oxide thick films were deposited by screen-printing on polycrystalline AFO 3 substrates covered by a layer of Ag-Pd acting as bottom electrode. The physical characterizations have revealed a crystalline structure mainly composed of BaTiO 3 pseudo-cubic phase and Ba 4 Ti 12 O 27 monoclinic phase for the powder, and a porous microstructure for the thick films. When compared to a BSTF thick film with a stoichiometric composition, a notable increase in the BSTF dielectric constant value was observed when taking into account of a similar microstructure and grain size. The loss tangent mean value varies more softly for the non-stoichiometric BaSrTiFeO 3 films than for the perovskite BSTF film as tanδ decreases from 0.45 to 0.04 when the frequency increases from 100 Hz to 1 MHz. (paper)

Thermodynamic Modeling of Sr/TRU Removal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Felmy, A.R.

2000-01-01

This report summarizes the development and application of a thermodynamic modeling capability designed to treat the Envelope C wastes containing organic complexants. A complete description of the model development is presented. In addition, the model was utilized to help gain insight into the chemical processes responsible for the observed levels of Sr, TRU, Fe, and Cr removal from the diluted feed from tank 241-AN-107 which had been treated with Sr and permanganate. Modeling results are presented for Sr, Nd(III)/Eu(III), Fe, Cr, Mn, and the major electrolyte components of the waste (i.e. NO 3 , NO 2 , F,...). On an overall basis the added Sr is predicted to precipitate as SrCO 3 (c) and the MnO 4 - reduced by the NO 2 - and precipitated as a Mn oxide. These effects result in only minor changes to the bulk electrolyte chemistry, specifically, decreases in NO 2 - and CO 3 2- , and increases in NO 3 - and OH - . All of these predictions are in agreement with the experimental observations. The modeling also indicates that the majority of the Sr, TRU's (or Nd(III)/Eu(III)) analogs, and Fe are tied up with the organic complexants. The Sr and permanganate additions are not predicted to effect these chelate complexes significantly owing to the precipitation of insoluble Mn oxides or SrCO 3 . These insoluble phases maintain low dissolved concentrations of Mn and Sr which do not affect any of the other components tied up with the complexants. It appears that the removal of the Fe and TRU'S during the treatment process is most likely as a result of adsorption or occlusion on/into the Mn oxides or SrCO 3 , not as direct displacement from the complexants into precipitates. Recommendations are made for further studies that are needed to help resolve these issues

Structural evolution of epitaxial SrCoO{sub x} films near topotactic phase transition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jeen, Hyoungjeen [Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 (United States); Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan, 609735 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Ho Nyung, E-mail: hnlee@ornl.gov [Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 (United States)

2015-12-15

Control of oxygen stoichiometry in complex oxides via topotactic phase transition is an interesting avenue to not only modifying the physical properties, but utilizing in many energy technologies, such as energy storage and catalysts. However, detailed structural evolution in the close proximity of the topotactic phase transition in multivalent oxides has not been much studied. In this work, we used strontium cobaltites (SrCoO{sub x}) epitaxially grown by pulsed laser epitaxy (PLE) as a model system to study the oxidation-driven evolution of the structure, electronic, and magnetic properties. We grew coherently strained SrCoO{sub 2.5} thin films and performed post-annealing at various temperatures for topotactic conversion into the perovskite phase (SrCoO{sub 3-δ}). We clearly observed significant changes in electronic transport, magnetism, and microstructure near the critical temperature for the topotactic transformation from the brownmillerite to the perovskite phase. Nevertheless, the overall crystallinity was well maintained without much structural degradation, indicating that topotactic phase control can be a useful tool to control the physical properties repeatedly via redox reactions.

Characterization of cathode materials SrCoO3 and La0,2Sr0,8CoO3 for use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Galvao, G.O.; Aquino, F.M; Silva, R.M.; Medeiros, I.D.M. de

2016-01-01

Mixed oxide ceramics with chemical structure of ABO_3 type are promising candidates for cathodes of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) for performing well on the electrical conductivity and thermal stability. Various methods of preparation have been studied and used for the synthesis of these materials. In this study, SrCoO_3 and La_0_,_2Sr_0_,_8CoO_3 perovskites were synthesized using gelatin as directing agent with the purpose of producing homogeneous and porous particles. The powders obtained at 350 ° C / 2 h were calcined at 600, 800 and 1000 ° C for 4 hours and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that gelatin is a good polymerizing agent for metal ions as the material showed characteristic peaks of perovskite, with good porosity and uniformity. Furthermore, the method of synthesis employed has advantages related to cost and toxicity, which are very low. (author)

Thermodynamic modeling of the Sr-Co-Fe-O system

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zhang, Wei Wei; Povoden-Karadeniz, Erwin; Chen, Ming

2016-01-01

This paper reviews and assesses phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of phases in the Sr-Co-Fe-O system, with a focus on oxides, especially the SrCo1 - xFexO3 - δ perovskite. In our work, the SrCo1 - xFexO3 - δ perovskite was modeled with a three-sublattice model, where the three...... sublattices correspond to the A, B and oxygen sites in an ABO3 perovskite, respectively. A number of other important ternary oxide phases in Sr-Co-O and Sr-Co-Fe-O were also considered. Available thermodynamic and phase diagram data were carefully assessed. A thermodynamic description of Sr-Co-O was derived...

From chelating precursors to La0.05Sr0.95CoO3-y oxide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hong, L.; Guo, F.; Lin, J.

1999-01-01

Several La 0.05 Sr 0.95 CoO 3-y (LSCO-95) powders were synthesized by means of a chelated complex-based precursor approach, which involved pyrolysis of chelating precursors and subsequent calcination of the resulting oxides. This paper focuses on the coordination effects of the precursors on the formation of the crystalline phases of the LSCO-95 oxide, showing that when the precursor is composed of EDTA-metal complexes, the perovskite-type oxide LSCO-95, an electronic-ionic mixed conducting ceramic material, can be achieved. In contrast, those LSCO-95 powders obtained initially from the pyrolysis of the precursors containing other coordination ligands possess only the undesirable hexagonal structure

Structural evolution of epitaxial SrCoOx films near topotactic phase transition

OpenAIRE

Hyoungjeen Jeen; Ho Nyung Lee

2015-01-01

Control of oxygen stoichiometry in complex oxides via topotactic phase transition is an interesting avenue to not only modifying the physical properties, but utilizing in many energy technologies, such as energy storage and catalysts. However, detailed structural evolution in the close proximity of the topotactic phase transition in multivalent oxides has not been much studied. In this work, we used strontium cobaltites (SrCoOx) epitaxially grown by pulsed laser epitaxy (PLE) as a model syste...

Thermochemical properties of oxides in Y-Ba-Cu-O, Sr-Bi-O, Cu-Nb-O, Sr-Cu-O, Ca-Cu-O, Cu-O and Hg-Ba-Ca-Cu-O systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moiseev, G.K.; Vatolin, N.A.; Il'inykh, N.I.

2000-01-01

Thermochemical properties (ΔH 0 298 , S 0 298 , H 0 298 -H 0 0 , C p (T), C p at T>T melt ) of complex oxides in Y-Ba-Cu-O, Sr-Bi-O, Cu-Nb-O, Sr-Cu-O, Ca-Cu-O, Cu-O and Hg-Ba-Ca-Cu-O systems obtained with application of calculation methods are presented. Nonexperimental methods of estimation, revision and correction of standard formation enthalpies of inorganic compounds are described [ru

Microwave plasma CVD of oxide films relating to high Tc Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hashimoto, T.; Kosaka, T.; Yoshida, Y.; Yoshimoto, M.; Koinuma, H.

1989-01-01

Microwave plasma CVD was applied to the synthesis of Bi, Sr, Ca, and Cu oxide films at relatively low temperatures. Gas source materials used were Bi(C 6 H 5 ) 3 , Sr(PPM) 2 , Ca(PPM) 2 , and Cu(HFA) 2 , where PPM and HFA represent C 2 F 5 COCHCOC(CH 3 ) 3 and CF 3 COCHCOCF 3 , respectively. Films were deposited on MgO (100) substrate at temperatures between 200 C and 400 C under an atmosphere of 1000mTorr Ar-O 2 (50/100) mixture which was partially excited by plasma. From Bi(C 6 H 5 ) 3 , Bi 2 O 3 was formed at 200 C without containing carbon above the detection level by XPS analysis. From Cu(HFA) 2 , CuO was prepared at 400 C by increasing oxygen partial pressure to 0.1Torr. (At lower oxygen partial pressure, CuF 2 or amorphous films were deposited.) From Sr(PPM) 2 and Ca(PPM) 2 , SrF 2 and CaF 2 were obtained at 400 C. The attempt to fabricate superconducting films is also reported

Binding Constant of Amines to Water/AOT/n-Hexene Reverse Micelles. Influence of the Chemical Structure

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. J. Silber

2000-03-01

Full Text Available The distribution of different amines between n-hexane bulk and the micellar pseudophase of AOT reverse micelles were measured by a fluorometric method. An independent method was used to corroborate the incorporation of the amines to the interface. The effect of the amine structure on the binding constant was analysed.

Influences of Indium Tin Oxide Layer on the Properties of RF Magnetron-Sputtered (BaSr)TiO3 Thin Films on Indium Tin Oxide-Coated Glass Substrate

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Tae Song; Oh, Myung Hwan; Kim, Chong Hee

1993-06-01

Nearly stoichiometric ((Ba+Sr)/Ti=1.08-1.09) and optically transparent (BaSr)TiO3 thin films were deposited on an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate by means of rf magnetron sputtering for their application to the insulating layer of an electroluminescent flat panel display. The influence of the ITO layer on the properties of (BaSr)TiO3 thin films deposited on the ITO-coated substrate was investigated. The ITO layer did not affect the crystallographic orientation of (BaSr)TiO3 thin film, but enhanced the grain growth. Another effect of the ITO layer on (BaSr)TiO3 thin films was the interdiffusion phenomenon, which was studied by means of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). As the substrate temperature increased, interdiffusion intensified at the interface not only between the grown film and ITO layer but also between the ITO layer and base glass substrate. The refractive index (nf) of (BaSr)TiO3 thin film deposited on a bare glass substrate was 2.138-2.286, as a function of substrate temperature.

Gibbs energy formation of Sr5Nb4O15

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Samui, Pradeep; Padhi, Anyuna; Agarwal, Renu; Kulkarni, S.G.

2012-01-01

Ternary oxides of strontium and niobium may form as fission product compounds in an operating nuclear reactor with oxide fuels under certain oxygen potential. Evaluations of thermodynamic stability of these ternary oxides are therefore important for assessment of fission product interactions. Furthermore, thermodynamic data of these oxides are also of relevance because of computation of phase diagram and phase stability of pseudo-ternary systems BaO-SrO-Nb 2 O 5 , SrO-Nb 2 O 5 -TaO 5 etc. in which some of the compounds are potential candidate materials for microwave ceramics with high dielectric constant, electro-optic, pyroelectric and piezoelectric devices. The system Sr-Nb-O contains many ternary oxides out of which we have investigated the thermodynamic parameters for the compound Sr 5 Nb 4 O 15 in the present study

Controlling the Electronic Properties in La1/3Sr 2/3FeO3-delta Complex Perovskite Oxides

Science.gov (United States)

Krick, Alex L.

For nearly 5 decades, the global semiconductor industry has followed Moore's law, which employs the iterative concept of transistor scaling in silicon-based technology. Though this approach has been massively successful at maintaining consistent increases in computational speed and power, silicon technology is quickly approaching its physical limitations with respect to continued scaling. In recent years, a growing effort has been adopted to pursue new materials and technologies as alternative platforms for information processing. Complex oxides are a potential candidate material system for next generation electronic devices due to their rich material properties such as metal-insulator transitions, high Tc superconductivity, and colossal magnetoresistance. In particular, there is growing interest to understand and control the unique electronic properties of complex oxides for applications in transistor-like devices. This dissertation is focused on understanding the growth, characterization and application of La1/3Sr2/3FeO3 (LSFO) thin films, which are known to undergo an abrupt charge ordering phase transition at 190 K in bulk materials. This phase transition is accompanied by an order of magnitude increase in resistivity going from a conductive to insulating state as well as the spontaneous ordering of charge and antiferromagnetic spin structure along the [111] direction. Isocompositional cation-ordered superlattices of LSFO were synthesized via oxygen-assisted molecular beam epitaxy and explored through synchrotron X-ray diffraction, electronic transport, and density functional theory modeling. By adjusting the cation ordering of LaFeO3 (LFO), an antiferromagnetic insulator, and SrFeO3 (SFO), a conductor with a helical magnetic ground state, three isocompositional systems of LSFO were investigated. The superlattices were found to exhibit a charge ordering phase transition similar to LSFO for two of the three structures, as measured by an abrupt discontinuity in

On the Defect Chemistry, Electrical Properties and Electrochemical Performances As Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode Materials of New La-(Sr/Vac)-Co-Ti-O Perovskites

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

García-Alvarado, Flaviano; Gómez-Pérez, Alejandro; Pérez-Flores, Juan Carlos

2015-01-01

Perovskite-type oxides are well known materials that have been proposed as electrodes and electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The structure, which is referred to the ABO3 stoichiometry, can accommodate many different transition metal ions in the B-site; its electronic conductivity...... materials with valuable properties for SOFCs. We have analysed the effect of La3+ by Sr2+ substitution and vacancies creation in several double perovskites, La2MTiO6 (M = Co, Ni, Cu). Defect chemistry and electrical behavior have been investigated in order to unveil the nature of charge carriers....... Electrochemical performances have been assessed through polarization resistance measurements. In this communication we present the results regarding La2SrTiO6 perovskites. La/Sr substitution in La2-xSrxCoTiO6-δ produces Co2+ to Co3+ oxidation while vacancies in La2-xCoTiO6-δ yield Co2+ oxidation for low A...

Effect of Sr-doping of LaMnO3 spacer on modulation-doped two-dimensional electron gases at oxide interfaces

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chen, Yunzhong; Gan, Yulin; Christensen, Dennis Valbjørn

2017-01-01

Modulation-doped oxide two-dimensional electron gas formed at the LaMnO3 (LMO) buffered disorderd-LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (d-LAO/LMO/STO) heterointerface provides new opportunities for electronics as well as quantum physics. Herein, we studied the dependence of Sr-doping of La1-xSrxMnO3 (LSMO, x = 0, 1/8, ...... of LSMO during the deposition of disordered LAO or that the energy levels of Mn 3d electrons at the interface of LSMO/STO are hardly varied even when changing the LSMO composition from LMO to SrMnO3....

ASSESSMENT OF GALLIUM OXIDE TECHNOLOGY

Science.gov (United States)

2017-08-01

AFRL-RY-WP-TR-2017-0167 ASSESSMENT OF GALLIUM OXIDE TECHNOLOGY Burhan Bayraktaroglu Devices for Sensing Branch Aerospace...TITLE AND SUBTITLE ASSESSMENT OF GALLIUM OXIDE TECHNOLOGY 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER In-house 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER N/A 6...report summarizes the current status of the Ga2O3 technology based on published results on theoretical electronic structure, materials growth, and

Electronic parameters of Sr2M2O7 (M = V, Nb, Ta) and Sr-O chemical bonding

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Atuchin, Victor V.; Grivel, Jean-Claude; Zhang, Zhaoming

2010-01-01

XPS measurements were carried out on Sr2Nb2O7 and Sr2Ta2O7 powder samples, which were synthesized using standard solid state method. The binding energy differences between the O 1s and cation core level, Δ(O-Sr) = BE(O 1s) - BE(Sr 3d5/2), was used to characterize the valence electron transfer...... on the formation of the Sr-O bonds. The chemical bonding effects were considered on the basis of our XPS results for Sr2Nb2O7 and Sr2Ta2O7 and the previously published structural and XPS data for other Sr-oxide compounds. A new empirical relationship between Δ(O-Sr) and L(Sr-O) was obtained. Possible applications...

Microfabrication of SrRuO3 thin films on various oxide substrates using LaAlO3/BaOx sacrificial bilayers

Science.gov (United States)

Harada, Takayuki; Tsukazaki, Atsushi

2018-02-01

Oxides provide various fascinating physical properties that could find use in future device applications. However, the physical properties of oxides are often affected by formation of oxygen vacancies during device fabrication processes. In this study, to develop a damage-free patterning process for oxides, we focus on a lift-off process using a sacrificial template layer, by which we can pattern oxide thin films without severe chemical treatment or plasma bombardment. As oxides need high thin-film growth temperature, a sacrificial template needs to be made of thermally stable and easily etchable materials. To meet these requirements, we develop a sacrificial template with a carefully designed bilayer structure. Combining a thermally and chemically stable LaAlO3 and a water-soluble BaOx, we fabricated a LaAlO3/BaOx sacrificial bilayer. The patterned LaAlO3/BaOx sacrificial bilayers were prepared on oxide substrates by room-temperature pulsed laser deposition and standard photolithography process. The structure of the sacrificial bilayer can be maintained even in rather tough conditions needed for oxide thin film growth: several hundred degrees Celsius under high oxygen pressure. Indeed, the LaAlO3/BaOx bilayer is easily removable by sonication in water. We applied the lift-off method using the LaAlO3/BaOx sacrificial bilayer to a representative oxide conductor SrRuO3 and fabricated micron-scale Hall-bar devices. The SrRuO3 channels with the narrowest line width of 5 μm exhibit an almost identical transport property to that of the pristine film, evidencing that the developed process is beneficial for patterning oxides. We show that the LaAlO3/BaOx lift-off process is applicable to various oxide substrates: SrTiO3, MgO, and Al2O3. The new versatile patterning process will expand the range of application of oxide thin films in electronic and photonic devices.

Ionic conductivity in new perovskite type oxides: NaAZrMO{sub 6} (A = Ca or Sr; M = Nb or Ta)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rajendran, Deepthi N.; Ravindran Nair, K. [Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum 695019 (India); Prabhakar Rao, P. [Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum 695019 (India)], E-mail: padala_rao@yahoo.com; Sibi, K.S.; Koshy, Peter [Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum 695019 (India); Vaidyan, V.K. [Department of Physics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum 695581 (India)

2008-06-15

New oxides of the type, NaAZrMO{sub 6} (M = Ca or Sr; M = Nb or Ta), have been prepared by the solid-state reaction technique. Phase identification by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that NaCaZrMO{sub 6} has orthorhombic perovskite type structure (Pnma) and NaSrZrMO{sub 6} has cubic perovskite type structure (Pm3m). The grain morphology observation by scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows well-sintered grains. ac impedance spectra and electrical conductivity measurements in air, oxygen and nitrogen atmospheres indicate that they are probable oxide ion conductors with ionic conductivities of the order of 10{sup -3} S cm{sup -1} at 750 deg. C.

DO3SE model applicability and O3 flux performance compared to AOT40 for an O3-sensitive tropical tree species (Psidium guajava L. 'Paluma').

Science.gov (United States)

Assis, Pedro I L S; Alonso, Rocío; Meirelles, Sérgio T; Moraes, Regina M

2015-07-01

Phytotoxic ozone (O3) levels have been recorded in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP). Flux-based critical levels for O3 through stomata have been adopted for some northern hemisphere species, showing better accuracy than with accumulated ozone exposure above a threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40). In Brazil, critical levels for vegetation protection against O3 adverse effects do not exist. The study aimed to investigate the applicability of O3 deposition model (Deposition of Ozone for Stomatal Exchange (DO3SE)) to an O3-sensitive tropical tree species (Psidium guajava L. 'Paluma') under the MRSP environmental conditions, which are very unstable, and to assess the performance of O3 flux and AOT40 in relation to O3-induced leaf injuries. Stomatal conductance (g s) parameterization for 'Paluma' was carried out and used to calculate different rate thresholds (from 0 to 5 nmol O3 m(-2) projected leaf area (PLA) s(-1)) for the phytotoxic ozone dose (POD). The model performance was assessed through the relationship between the measured and modeled g sto. Leaf injuries were analyzed and associated with POD and AOT40. The model performance was satisfactory and significant (R (2) = 0.56; P < 0.0001; root-mean-square error (RMSE) = 116). As already expected, high AOT40 values did not result in high POD values. Although high POD values do not always account for more injuries, POD0 showed better performance than did AOT40 and other different rate thresholds for POD. Further investigation is necessary to improve our model and also to check if there is a critical level of ozone in which leaf injuries arise. The conclusion is that the DO3SE model for 'Paluma' is applicable in the MRSP as well as in temperate regions and may contribute to future directives.

Thermodynamic modeling of the Sr-Co-Fe-O system

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zhang, Wei Wei; Povoden-Karadeniz, Erwin; Chen, Ming

2016-01-01

This paper reviews and assesses phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of phases in the Sr-Co-Fe-O system, with a focus on oxides, especially the SrCo1 - xFexO3 - δ perovskite. In our work, the SrCo1 - xFexO3 - δ perovskite was modeled with a three-sublattice model, where the three...... sublattices correspond to the A, B and oxygen sites in an ABO3 perovskite, respectively. A number of other important ternary oxide phases in Sr-Co-O and Sr-Co-Fe-O were also considered. Available thermodynamic and phase diagram data were carefully assessed. A thermodynamic description of Sr-Co-O was derived...... using the CALPHAD approach and was further extrapolated to that of Sr-Co-Fe-O. The thermodynamic database of Sr-Co-Fe-O established in this work allows for calculating phase diagrams, thermodynamic properties, cation distribution and defect chemistry properties, and therefore enables material...

Changes in local surface structure and Sr depletion in Fe-implanted SrTiO{sub 3} (001)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lobacheva, O., E-mail: olobache@gmail.com [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7 (Canada); Yiu, Y.M. [Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7 (Canada); Chen, N. [Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4 (Canada); Sham, T.K.; Goncharova, L.V. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7 (Canada); Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7 (Canada)

2017-01-30

Highlights: • Fe ion implantation of SrTiO{sub 3} and post-implantation results in formation of Sr{sub 1-y}Ti{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x+y}O{sub 3-δ} phase. • In Sr{sub 1-y}Ti{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x+y}O{sub 3-δ} phase, Fe assumes Fe{sup 3+} oxidation state in the bulk and Fe{sup 2+} oxidation state in the near surface area. • FEFF9 calculations indicate that Fe ions can substitute both Ti and Sr sites. • Formation of Sr{sub 1-y}Ti{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x+y}O{sub 3-δ} phase is accompanied by Sr depletion in the near surface region. - Abstract: Local surface structure of single crystal strontium titanate SrTiO{sub 3} (001) samples implanted with Fe in the range of concentrations between 2 × 10{sup 14} to 2 × 10{sup 16} Fe/cm{sup 2} at 30 keV has been investigated. In order to facilitate Fe substitution (doping), implanted samples were annealed in oxygen at 350 °C. Sr depletion was observed from the near-surface layers impacted by the ion-implantation process, as revealed by Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Hydrocarbon contaminations on the surface may contribute to the mechanisms of Sr depletion, which have important implications for Sr(Ti{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x})O{sub 3-δ} materials in gas sensing applications.

High-pressure cloud point data for the system glycerol + olive oil + n-butane + AOT

OpenAIRE

Bender,J. P.; Junges,A.; Franceschi,E.; Corazza,F. C.; Dariva,C.; Oliveira,J. Vladimir; Corazza,M. L.

2008-01-01

This work reports high-pressure cloud point data for the quaternary system glycerol + olive oil + n-butane + AOT surfactant. The static synthetic method, using a variable-volume view cell, was employed for obtaining the experimental data at pressures up to 27 MPa. The effects of glycerol/olive oil concentration and surfactant addition on the pressure transition values were evaluated in the temperature range from 303 K to 343 K. For the system investigated, vapor-liquid (VLE), liquid-liquid (L...

Physicochemical compatibility of SrCeO3 with potential SOFC cathodes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tolchard, J.; Grande, T.

2007-01-01

The chemical and physical compatibility of SrCeO 3 is investigated with respect to LaMO 3 (M=Mn, Fe, Co) and La 2-x Sr x NiO 4 (x=0, 0.8), via the reaction of fine-grained powder compacts and solid-state diffusion couples. Compositions were chosen so as to give predictive insight into possible candidate materials for all-oxide electrochemical devices. Results show the primary reaction in these systems to be the dissolution of SrO from SrCeO 3 into the LaMO 3 /La 2-x Sr x NiO 4 , and corresponding formation of La-doped CeO 2 . Reaction kinetics are observed to be relatively fast, with element profiles suggesting the diffusion of Sr 2+ in ceria to be surprisingly rapid. It is demonstrated that perovskite starting materials represent poor candidates for use with SrCeO 3 , reacting completely to form Ruddlesden-Popper/K 2 NiF 4 type oxides. Reaction with La 2 NiO 4 is less pronounced, and formation of secondary phases suppressed for the composition La 1.2 Sr 0.8 NiO 4 . It is thus concluded that Ruddlesden-Popper type oxides represent good candidate materials for use with a SrCeO 3 -based electrolytes when doped with appropriate levels of Sr. - Graphical abstract: Assessment of the SrCeO 3 proton conductor shows this material to have poor chemical compatibility with LaMO 3 perovskite systems, but predicts coexistence with Ruddlesden-Popper type oxides

Estimation of AOT and SDS CMC in a methanol using conductometry, viscometry and pyrene fluorescence spectroscopy methods

Science.gov (United States)

Mitsionis, Anastasios I.; Vaimakis, Tiverios C.

2012-09-01

Critical micelle concentration (CMC) of two anionic surfactants in methanol was estimated using conductometry, viscometry and pyrene fluorescence spectroscopy methods. The surfactants used, were sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (Aerosol-OT, AOT) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) dispersed in pure methanol. The CMC determination was evaluated in room temperature. The results have shown nearly similar concentrations.

NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of AVHRR Daily and Monthly Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) over Global Oceans, Version 3.0

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The product is the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 0.63 micron, which is retrieved from NOAA PATMOS-x level-2B orbital radinace and cloud CDR products. The...

Systematic variations of 87Sr/56Sr ratios, Sr compositions, selected major-oxide concentrations, and mineral abundances in piston cores from the Red Sea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boger, P.D.; Boger, J.L.; Faure, G.

1980-01-01

A mixing model is presented which relates the concentrations of Sr to the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios and concentrations of other elements contained in a mixture of two components. The model is applied to the measured 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios, Sr, CaO, Fe 2 O 3 and SiO 2 concentrations of the detrital fractions of sediment from three piston cores representing different depositional environments in the Red Sea. The sediment is shown to be a mixture of two components derived from old sialic rocks and young volcanic rocks of the surrounding land masses. One of the cores contained a third component which is identified as authigenic Fe 2 O 3 . Removal of this contaminant is shown to return the system to its original detrital constituents. (Auth.)

CO2-laser ablation of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu oxide by millisecond pulse lengths

Science.gov (United States)

Meskoob, M.; Honda, T.; Safari, A.; Wachtman, J. B.; Danforth, S.; Wilkens, B. J.

1990-03-01

We have achieved ablation of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu oxide from single targets of superconducting pellets by CO2-laser pulses of l ms length to grow superconducting thin films. Upon annealing, the 6000-Å thin films have a Tc (onset) of 90 K and zero resistance at 78 K. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate the growth of single-phase thin films. This technique allows growth of uniform single-phase superconducting thin films of lateral area greater than 1 cm2.

Determination of sodium bis(2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate (AOT surfactant with liquid chromatography: Comparative study of evaporative light scattering detector, ultraviolet detector and conductivity detector

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ho Ryul Ryu

2010-03-01

Full Text Available This work presents comparison of performance of ultraviolet (UV detector, conductivity detector (CD and evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD in terms of quantitative analysis of AOT (sodium bis(2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate using liquid chromatography. The employed chromatographic condition, including an acetonitrile/water (45:55, v/v isocratic eluent system, is suitable for the three different detectors, and the figures of merits obtained by building up calibration plots are compared. The sensitivities of the detectors are in the order of ELSD ≈ CD >> UV detector. The linear range for quantification of AOT depends on the type of detector: the lower limits are in the order of UV detector (207 ㎍ mL-1 < CD (310 ㎍ mL-1 << ELSD (930 ㎍ mL-1, while the upper limits are 3720 ㎍ mL-1 for all the detectors (the maximum concentration of injected standard solution. The detection limits are 155 ㎍ mL-1 for ELSD, 78 ㎍ mL-1 for UV detector and 13 ㎍ mL-1 for CD, respectively. The figures of merit for each detector could be a guideline in choosing a detector in quantization of AOT. Furthermore, application of the chromatographic method to two commercial products is demonstrated.

Structure, nonstoichiometry, sintering and oxygen permeability of perovskite SrCo{sub 1−2x}(Fe,Nb){sub x}O{sub 3−δ} (x = 0.05, 0.10) oxides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Jin Na [College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning University of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Fushun 113001 (China); State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023 (China); Lu, Hui, E-mail: huilu@dicp.ac.cn [Greenhouse Gas Research Center, Climate Change Technology Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343 (Korea, Republic of); State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023 (China); Gui, Jian Zhou [College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning University of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Fushun 113001 (China); Kim, Jong Pyo; Son, Sou Hwan [Greenhouse Gas Research Center, Climate Change Technology Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343 (Korea, Republic of); Park, Jung Hoon, E-mail: pjhoon@kier.re.kr [Greenhouse Gas Research Center, Climate Change Technology Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343 (Korea, Republic of)

2013-04-20

Highlights: ► The novel Fe/Nb co-substituted SrCo{sub 1−2x}(Fe,Nb){sub x}O{sub 3−δ} (x = 0.05, 0.10) oxides were characterized by the XRD, DSC, TG and SEM–EDS. ► The high structural stability of the co-substituted SrCo{sub 1−2x}(Fe,Nb){sub x}O{sub 3−δ} (x = 0.05, 0.10) oxides. ► The excellent oxygen permeation performance of the co-substituted SrCo{sub 1−2x}(Fe,Nb){sub x}O{sub 3−δ} (x = 0.10) membrane. -- Abstract: The novel Fe/Nb co-substituted SrCo{sub 1−2x}(Fe,Nb){sub x}O{sub 3−δ} (x = 0.05, 0.10) oxides have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD and DSC results demonstrate that the structural stability of the Fe/Nb co-substituted samples x = 0.05, 0.10 is improved greatly compared to the sample x = 0.00. The Fe/Nb co-doping in the SrCoO{sub 3−δ} oxide results in the improved structural stability of the SrCo{sub 1−2x}(Fe,Nb){sub x}O{sub 3−δ} (x = 0.05, 0.10) oxides. The nonstoichiometric and sintering properties were investigated by TG and SEM, and the oxygen permeation fluxes were measured at 800–950 °C for the sample x = 0.10. The improved oxygen permeability of the ceramic SrCo{sub 1−2x}(Fe,Nb){sub x}O{sub 3−δ} (x = 0.10) membrane compared to the (Ba{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5})(Co{sub 0.8}Fe{sub 0.2})O{sub 3−δ} and SrCo{sub 0.8}Fe{sub 0.2}O{sub 3–δ} membranes, was observed under an air/He oxygen partial pressure gradient at 800–950 °C.

The Sr2.75Ce0.25Co2O7-δ oxide, n=2 member of the Ruddlesden-Popper series: Structural and magnetic evolution depending on oxygen stoichiometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Demont, A.; Hebert, S.; Pelloquin, D.; Maignan, A.

2008-01-01

The second member of the Ruddlesden-Popper series, n=2 in Sr n+1 Co n O 3n+1 , has been stabilized by substituting cerium for strontium leading to the pure compound Sr 2.75 Ce 0.25 Co 2 O 7-δ . The oxygen vacancies of this phase can be partially filled by a post-annealing oxidizing treatment with δ decreasing from 1.1 to 0.3 for the as-prepared and oxidized phases, respectively. As the samples are oxidized from δ∼1.1 to 0.3, the a and b unit cell parameters decrease from 3.836 to 3.815 A and from 20.453 to 20.047 A, respectively. Despite the average value of the cobalt valence state, V Co ∼+3.5, obtained in the oxidized Sr 2.75 Ce +4 0.25 Co 2 O 6.7 phase, a clear ferromagnetic state wit T C =175 K and M S =0.8 μB/Co is reached. - Graphical abstract: Temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of as-prepared and PO 2 annealing Sr 2.75 Ce 0.25 Co 2 O 7-δ RP2-type structures

High-temperature compressive creep behaviour of perovskite-type oxides SrTi1-xFexO3-δ

NARCIS (Netherlands)

ten Donkelaar, S.F.P.; Stournari, V.; Malzbender, J.; Nijmeijer, Arian; Bouwmeester, Henricus J.M.

2015-01-01

Compressive creep tests have been performed on mixed ionic-electronic conducting perovskite-type oxides SrTi1-xFexO3- (STF, x = 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7). Observed activation energies and stress exponents, at 800–1000 ◦C and in the stress range 10 100 MPa, indicate that the steady-state creep rate of STF

Sol-Gel Synthesis of La(0.6)Sr(0.4)CoO(3-x) and Sm(0.5)Sr(0.5)CoO(3-x) Cathode Nanopowders for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Science.gov (United States)

Bansal, Narottam P.; Wise, Brent

2011-01-01

Nanopowders of La(0.6)Sr(0.4)CoO(3-x) (LSC) and Sm(0.5)Sr(0.5)CoO(3-x) (SSC) compositions, which are being investigated as cathode materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC) with La(Sr)Ga(Mg)O(3-x) (LSGM) as the electrolyte, were synthesized by low-temperature sol-gel method using metal nitrates and citric acid. Thermal decomposition of the citrate gels was followed by simultaneous DSC/TGA methods. Development of phases in the gels, on heat treatments at various temperatures, was monitored by x-ray diffraction. Solgel powders calcined at 550 to 1000 C consisted of a number of phases. Single perovskite phase La(0.6)Sr(0.4)CoO(3-x) or Sm(0.5)Sr(0.5)CoO(3-x) powders were obtained at 1200 and 1300 C, respectively. Morphological analysis of the powders calcined at various temperatures was done by scanning electron microscopy. The average particle size of the powders was approx.15 nm after 700 C calcinations and slowly increased to 70 to 100 nm after heat treatments at 1300 to 1400 C.

Water purification by corona-above-water treatment

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Pemen, A.J.M.; Heesch, van E.J.M.; Hoeben, W.F.L.M.

2012-01-01

Advanced oxidation technologies (AOT), such as non-thermal plasmas, are considered to be very promising for the purpose of water treatment. The goal of this study is to test the feasibility of "Corona-above-water" technology for the treatment of drinking water. Experiments have been performed on the

Sensing properties of perovskite oxide La0.5SR0.5Co0-3-d obtained by using pulsed laser deposition

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dam, T.V.A.; Olthuis, Wouter; Bergveld, Piet

2004-01-01

La1−xSrxCoO3−δ belongs to the group of perovskite oxides of the ABO3 structure, with a trivalent rare earth in the A position (La) and a trivalent metal ion in the B position (Co). Doping with divalent Sr-ions at the trivalent La-positions creates oxygen vacancies which give the oxide catalytic

New vanadium oxides with perovskite type structure: AThV/sub 2/O/sub 6/ (A=Ca,Sr)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vidyasagar, K; Gopalakrishnan, J

1982-07-01

New perovskite oxides of the formula AThV/sub 2/O/sub 6/ (A=Ca,Sr) have been prepared by reduction of the corresponding AThV/sub 2/O/sub 8/ under hydrogen atmosphere. CaThV/sub 2/O/sub 6/ crystallizes in an orthorhombic LaVO/sub 3/ type structure, while the strontium compound exhibiting cation-deficient nonstoichiometry. SrThsub(1-x)V/sub 2/O/sub 6/ (x approx. 0.4), is cubic. The magnetic susceptibility behaviour of the calcium compound is similar to that of V/sup 3 +/ perovskites, while the strontium compound exhibits a large increase in susceptibility below 130K, the behaviour being likely to be associated with the mixed-valence character of vanadium.

Preparation and characterization of Sr-Ti-hardystonite (Sr-Ti-HT nanocomposite for bone repair application

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hossein Mohammadi

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Objective(s: Hardystonite (HT is Zn-modified silicate bioceramics with promising results for bone tissue regeneration. However, HT possesses no obvious apatite formation. Thus, in this study we incorporated Sr and Ti into HT to prepare Sr-Ti-hardystonite (Sr-Ti-HT nanocomposite and evaluated its in vitro bioactivity with the purpose of developing a more bioactive bone substitute material. Materials and methods:The HT and Sr-Ti-HT were prepared by mechanical milling and subsequent heat treatment. Calcium oxide (CaO, zinc oxide (ZnO and silicon dioxide (SiO2 (all from Merck were mixed with molar ratio of 2:1:2. The mixture of powders mixture was then milled in a planetary ball mill for 20 h. In the milling run, the ball-to-powder weight ratio was 10:1 and the rotational speed was 200 rpm. After synthesis of HT, 3% nanotitanium dioxide (TiO2, Degussa and 3% strontium carbonate (SrCO3, Merck were added to HT and then the mixture was ball milled and calcined at 1150°C for 6 h. Simultaneous thermal analysis (STA, X-ray diffraction (XRD, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR performed to characterize the powders. Results:XRD and FT-IR confirmed the crystal phase and silicate structure of HT and TEM images demonstrated the nanostructure of powders. Further, Sr-Ti-HT induced apatite formation and showed a higher human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSCs adhesion and proliferation compared to HT. Conclusion:Our study revealed that Sr-Ti-HT with a nanostructured crystal structure of 50 nm, can be prepared by mechanical activation to use as biomaterials for orthopedic applications.

Catalytic properties of perovskite-type mixed oxides, La/sub 1-x/Sr/sub x/CoO/sub 3/

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakamura, T; Misono, M; Yoneda, Y

1982-02-01

The reactivity and related properties of oxygen both in the bulk and on the surface has been investigated for perovskite-type mixed oxides (La/sub 1-x/Sr,sub x/CoO/sub 3/), in regard to the effects of Sr/sup 2 +/-substitution and calcination temperature. The reducibility and the readiness of oxygen desorption increased with the Sr/sup 2 +/- content, x, but the reoxidation became slower with x. These results have been explained on the basis of the change in the chemical potential of lattice oxygen. The diffusivity of oxygen in the bulk and the ability to activate the oxygen molecule also increased with x. Oxygen vacancies in the bulk and on the surface, which tended to increase with x, are likely responsible for these reactions. The release of oxygen from the bulk became more difficult as the calcination temperature increased, in conformity with the trend of the catalytic activity.

Delayed growth of EL4 lymphoma in SR-A-deficient mice is due to upregulation of nitric oxide and interferon-gamma production by tumor-associated macrophages.

Science.gov (United States)

Komohara, Yoshihiro; Takemura, Kenichi; Lei, Xiao Feng; Sakashita, Naomi; Harada, Mamoru; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Kodama, Tatsuhiko; Takeya, Motohiro

2009-11-01

Class A scavenger receptors (SR-A, CD204) are highly expressed in tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). To investigate the function of SR-A in TAM, wild-type and SR-A-deficient (SR-A(-/-)) mice were injected with EL4 cells. Although these groups of mice did not differ in the numbers of infiltrating macrophages and lymphocytes and in neovascularization, SR-A(-/-) mice had delayed growth of EL4 tumors. Expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase and interferon (IFN)-gamma mRNA increased significantly in tumor tissues from SR-A(-/-) mice. Engulfment of necrotic EL4 cells induced upregulation of NO and IFN-gamma production by cultured macrophages, and production of NO and IFN-gamma increased in SR-A(-/-) macrophages in vitro. IFN-beta production by cultured macrophages was also elevated in SR-A(-/-) macrophages in vitro. These results suggested that the antitumor activity of macrophages increased in SR-A(-/-) mice because of upregulation of NO and IFN-gamma production. These data indicate an important role of SR-A in regulating TAM function by inhibiting toll-like receptor (TLR)4-IFN-beta signaling.

Rapid determination of {sup 90}Sr in urine samples using AnaLig Sr-01

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bilohuscin, J.; Dulanska, S.; Gardonova, V. [Univerzita Komenskeho, Prirodovedecka fakulta, Katedra jadrovej chemie, 84215 Bratislava (Slovakia)

2013-04-16

This work describes the use of IBC's AnaLig Sr-01 molecular recognition technology product to effectively and selectively pre-concentrate, separate and recover strontium from urine samples. This method uses two-stage columns separation consisting of two different commercial products Eichrom's Pre-filter Material and AnaLig Sr-01 column from IBC Advanced Technologies. This method does not involve co-precipitation of strontium as phosphates and oxalates from urine samples. The new rapid method separates strontium-90 with high chemical recovery (authors)

Single Crystal Growth of Pure Co3+ Oxidation State Material LaSrCoO4

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hanjie Guo

2016-08-01

Full Text Available We report on the single crystal growth of the single-layer perovskite cobaltate LaSrCoO4 that was grown by the optical floating zone method using high oxygen pressures. Phase purity and single crystallinity were confirmed by X-ray diffraction techniques. The pure Co3+ oxidation state was confirmed by X-ray absorbtion spectroscopy measurements. A transition to a spin glass state is observed at ∼7 K in magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements.

Insight into the structure and functional application of the Sr0.95Ce0.05CoO3-δ cathode for solid oxide fuel cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Wei; Zhang, Huairuo; Sun, Chunwen; Liu, Lilu; Alonso, J A; Fernández-Díaz, M T; Chen, Liquan

2015-04-06

A new perovskite cathode, Sr0.95Ce0.05CoO3-δ, performs well for oxygen-reduction reactions in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). We gain insight into the crystal structure of Sr1-xCexCoO3-δ (x = 0.05, 0.1) and temperature-dependent structural evolution of Sr0.95Ce0.05CoO3-δ by X-ray diffraction, neutron powder diffraction, and scanning transmission electron microscopy experiments. Sr0.9Ce0.1CoO3-δ shows a perfectly cubic structure (a = a0), with a large oxygen deficiency in a single oxygen site; however, Sr0.95Ce0.05CoO3-δ exhibits a tetragonal perovskite superstructure with a double c axis, defined in the P4/mmm space group, that contains two crystallographically different cobalt positions, with distinct oxygen environments. The structural evolution of Sr0.95Ce0.05CoO3-δ at high temperatures was further studied by in situ temperature-dependent NPD experiments. At 1100 K, the oxygen atoms in Sr0.95Ce0.05CoO3-δ show large and highly anisotropic displacement factors, suggesting a significant ionic mobility. The test cell with a La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.83Mg0.17O3-δ-electrolyte-supported (∼300 μm thickness) configuration yields peak power densities of 0.25 and 0.48 W cm(-2) at temperatures of 1023 and 1073 K, respectively, with pure H2 as the fuel and ambient air as the oxidant. The electrochemical impedance spectra evolution with time of the symmetric cathode fuel cell measured at 1073 K shows that the Sr0.95Ce0.05CoO3-δ cathode possesses superior ORR catalytic activity and long-term stability. Mixed ionic-electronic conduction properties of Sr0.95Ce0.05CoO3-δ account for its good performance as an oxygen-reduction catalyst.

Composite superconducting wires produced by rapid coating in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O metal oxide system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grozav, A.D.; Konopko, L.A.; Leoporda, N.I.

1989-01-01

Method for producing superconducting composite wires by dip coating of copper wires in metal-oxide BiSrCaCu 2 O x melt is developed. The thickness of the coating is regulated by the change of dip rate, melt viscosity and by the number of passages through the melt. Wire annealing at 700-800 deg C leads to the production of two phases, one of them being superconducting with T c =80K

Synthesis and magnetic structure of the layered manganese oxide selenide Sr{sub 2}MnO{sub 2}Ag{sub 1.5}Se{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Blandy, Jack N. [Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR (United Kingdom); Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE (United Kingdom); Boskovic, Jelena C. [Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR (United Kingdom); Clarke, Simon J., E-mail: simon.clarke@chem.ox.ac.uk [Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR (United Kingdom)

2017-01-15

The synthesis of a high-purity sample of the layered oxide selenide Sr{sub 2}MnO{sub 2}Ag{sub 1.5}Se{sub 2} is reported. At ambient temperature it crystallises in the space group I4/mmm with two formula units in the unit cell and lattice parameters a=4.08771(1) Å, c=19.13087(8) Å. The compound displays mixed-valent manganese in a formal oxidation state close to +2.5 and powder neutron diffraction measurements reveal that below the Néel temperature of 63(1) K this results in an antiferromagnetic structure which may be described as A-type, modelled in the magnetic space group P{sub I}4/mnc (128.410 in the Belov, Neronova and Smirnova (BNS) scheme) in which localised Mn moments of 3.99(2) μ{sub B} are arranged in ferromagnetic layers which are coupled antiferromagnetically. In contrast to the isostructural compound Sr{sub 2}MnO{sub 2}Cu{sub 1.5}S{sub 2}, Sr{sub 2}MnO{sub 2}Ag{sub 1.5}Se{sub 2} does not display long range ordering of coinage metal ions and vacancies, nor may significant amounts of the coinage metal readily be deintercalated using soft chemical methods. - Graphical abstract: Sr{sub 2}MnO{sub 2}Ag{sub 1.5}Se{sub 2} containing mixed valent Mn ions undergoes magnetic ordering with ferromagnetic coupling within MnO{sub 2} sheets and antiferromagnetic coupling between MnO{sub 2} sheets. - Highlights: • High purity sample of Sr{sub 2}MnO{sub 2}Ag{sub 1.5}Se{sub 2} obtained. • Magnetic structure determined. • Compared with related mixed-valent manganite oxide chalcogenides.

Characterization of cathode materials SrCoO3 and La0,2Sr0,8CoO3 for use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC); Caracterizacao de materiais catodicos SrCoO3 e La0,2Sr0,8CoO3 para aplicacao em celulas a combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Galvao, G.O.; Aquino, F.M; Silva, R.M.; Medeiros, I.D.M. de, E-mail: gabriela.galvao@cear.ufpb.br [Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Joao Pessoa, PB (Brazil)

2016-07-01

Mixed oxide ceramics with chemical structure of ABO{sub 3} type are promising candidates for cathodes of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) for performing well on the electrical conductivity and thermal stability. Various methods of preparation have been studied and used for the synthesis of these materials. In this study, SrCoO{sub 3} and La{sub 0,2}Sr{sub 0,8}CoO{sub 3} perovskites were synthesized using gelatin as directing agent with the purpose of producing homogeneous and porous particles. The powders obtained at 350 ° C / 2 h were calcined at 600, 800 and 1000 ° C for 4 hours and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that gelatin is a good polymerizing agent for metal ions as the material showed characteristic peaks of perovskite, with good porosity and uniformity. Furthermore, the method of synthesis employed has advantages related to cost and toxicity, which are very low. (author)

NOAA JPSS Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) and Aerosol Particle Size Parameter (APSP) Environmental Data Record (EDR) from IDPS

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This dataset contains a high quality operational Environmental Data Record (EDR) of Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer...

Epitaxial growth and thermodynamic stability of SrIrO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures

Science.gov (United States)

Groenendijk, D. J.; Manca, N.; Mattoni, G.; Kootstra, L.; Gariglio, S.; Huang, Y.; van Heumen, E.; Caviglia, A. D.

2016-07-01

Obtaining high-quality thin films of 5d transition metal oxides is essential to explore the exotic semimetallic and topological phases predicted to arise from the combination of strong electron correlations and spin-orbit coupling. Here, we show that the transport properties of SrIrO3 thin films, grown by pulsed laser deposition, can be optimized by considering the effect of laser-induced modification of the SrIrO3 target surface. We further demonstrate that bare SrIrO3 thin films are subject to degradation in air and are highly sensitive to lithographic processing. A crystalline SrTiO3 cap layer deposited in-situ is effective in preserving the film quality, allowing us to measure metallic transport behavior in films with thicknesses down to 4 unit cells. In addition, the SrTiO3 encapsulation enables the fabrication of devices such as Hall bars without altering the film properties, allowing precise (magneto)transport measurements on micro- and nanoscale devices.

Thermoelectric Properties of the Perovskite-Type Oxide SrTi1-xNbxO3 Synthesized by Solid-State Reaction Method

Science.gov (United States)

Khan, Tamal Tahsin; Ur, Soon-Chul

2018-05-01

The perovskite-type oxide materials SrTi1-xNbxO3 (X = .02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06) were synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method and the thermoelectric properties in terms of Nb doping at the B-site in the oxides were investigated in this study. The formation of single phase cubic perovskite structure was confirmed by the powder X-ray diffraction analysis. Negative conduction is shown in this materials system. The absolute value of Seebeck coefficient increased with increasing temperature over the measured temperature. The electrical conductivity decreased monotonically with increasing temperature, showing degenerating conduction behavior. The thermal conductivity, k, generally decreased with increasing temperature. The power factor increased with increasing Nb-doping level up to 5.0 mol% and hence the dimensionless figure of merit ZT, increased up to 5.0 mol%. The maximum ZT value was observed for SrTi0.95Nb0.05O3 at 873 K.

Surface modeling and chemical solution deposition of SrO(SrTiO3)n Ruddlesden-Popper phases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zschornak, M.; Gemming, S.; Gutmann, E.; Weissbach, T.; Stoecker, H.; Leisegang, T.; Riedl, T.; Traenkner, M.; Gemming, T.; Meyer, D.C.

2010-01-01

Strontium titanate (STO) is a preferred substrate material for functional oxide growth, whose surface properties can be adjusted through the presence of Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phases. Here, density functional theory (DFT) is used to model the (1 0 0) and (0 0 1) surfaces of SrO(SrTiO 3 ) n RP phases. Relaxed surface structures, electronic properties and stability relations have been determined. In contrast to pure STO, the near-surface SrO-OSr stacking fault can be employed to control surface roughness by adjusting SrO and TiO 2 surface rumpling, to stabilize SrO termination in an SrO-rich surrounding or to increase the band gap in the case of TiO 2 termination. RP thin films have been epitaxially grown on (0 0 1) STO substrates by chemical solution deposition. In agreement with DFT results, the fraction of particular RP phases n = 1-3 changes with varying heating rate and molar ratio Sr:Ti. This is discussed in terms of bulk formation energy.

Controlled reduction and oxidation of La0.85Sr0.15MnO3 single crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

De Leon-Guevara, A.M.; Berthet, P.; Berthon, J.; Millot, F.; Revcolevschi, A.

1997-01-01

La 0.85 Sr 0.15 MnO 3 single crystals were grown by the floating zone method. They can be reversibly reduced under controlled oxygen partial pressure. Their defect chemistry is investigated together with the evolution of their cell parameters and that of their electric conductivity which is very sensitive to their oxygen content. On the other hand, stoichiometric crystals can be oxidized with a slow kinetics making possible the preparation of diphasic materials. (orig.)

Releasing metal catalysts via phase transition: (NiO)0.05-(SrTi0.8Nb0.2O3)0.95 as a redox stable anode material for solid oxide fuel cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Xiao, Guoliang; Wang, Siwei; Lin, Ye; Zhang, Yanxiang; An, Ke; Chen, Fanglin

2014-11-26

Donor-doped perovskite-type SrTiO3 experiences stoichiometric changes at high temperatures in different Po2 involving the formation of Sr or Ti-rich impurities. NiO is incorporated into the stoichiometric strontium titanate, SrTi0.8Nb0.2O3-δ (STN), to form an A-site deficient perovskite material, (NiO)0.05-(SrTi0.8Nb0.2O3)0.95 (Ni-STN), for balancing the phase transition. Metallic Ni nanoparticles can be released upon reduction instead of forming undesired secondary phases. This material design introduces a simple catalytic modification method with good compositional control of the ceramic backbones, by which transport property and durability of solid oxide fuel cell anodes are largely determined. Using Ni-STN as anodes for solid oxide fuel cells, enhanced catalytic activity and remarkable stability in redox cycling have been achieved. Electrolyte-supported cells with the cell configuration of Ni-STN-SDC anode, La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.87Mg0.13O3 (LSGM) electrolyte, and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF) cathode produce peak power densities of 612, 794, and 922 mW cm(-2) at 800, 850, and 900 °C, respectively, using H2 as the fuel and air as the oxidant. Minor degradation in fuel cell performance resulted from redox cycling can be recovered upon operating the fuel cells in H2. Such property makes Ni-STN a promising regenerative anode candidate for solid oxide fuel cells.

Epitaxial growth and electronic structure of oxyhydride SrVO2H thin films

Science.gov (United States)

Katayama, Tsukasa; Chikamatsu, Akira; Yamada, Keisuke; Shigematsu, Kei; Onozuka, Tomoya; Minohara, Makoto; Kumigashira, Hiroshi; Ikenaga, Eiji; Hasegawa, Tetsuya

2016-08-01

Oxyhydride SrVO2H epitaxial thin films were fabricated on SrTiO3 substrates via topotactic hydridation of oxide SrVO3 films using CaH2. Structural and composition analyses suggested that the SrVO2H film possessed one-dimensionally ordered V-H--V bonds along the out-of-plane direction. The synthesis temperature could be lowered by reducing the film thickness, and the SrVO2H film was reversible to SrVO3 by oxidation through annealing in air. Photoemission and X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements revealed the V3+ valence state in the SrVO2H film, indicating that the hydrogen existed as hydride. Furthermore, the electronic density of states was highly suppressed at the Fermi energy, consistent with the prediction that tetragonal distortion induces metal to insulation transition.

Investigating the evolution of the phase behavior of AOT-based w/o microemulsions in dodecane as a function of droplet volume fraction.

Science.gov (United States)

Ganguly, R; Choudhury, N

2012-04-15

AOT-based water in oil (w/o) microemulsions are one of the most extensively studied reverse micellar systems because of their rich phase behavior and their ability to form in the absence of any co-surfactant. The aggregation characteristics and interaction of the microemulsion droplets in these systems are known to be governed by AOT-oil compatibility and water to AOT molar ratio (w). In this manuscript by using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and viscometry techniques, we show that droplet volume fraction too plays an important role in shaping the phase behavior of these microemulsions in dodecane. The phase separation characteristics and the evolution of the viscosity and the hydrodynamic radius of the microemulsion droplets on approaching the cloud points have thus been found to undergo complete transformation as one goes from low to high droplet volume fraction even at a fixed 'w'. Modeling of the DLS data attributes this to the weakening of inter droplet attractive interaction caused by the growing dominance of the excluded volume effect with increase in droplet volume fraction. In the literature, the inter droplet attractive interaction driven phase separation in these microemulsions is explained based on gas-liquid type phase transition, conceptualized in the framework of Baxter adhesive hard sphere theory. The modeling of our viscosity data, however, does not support such proposition as the characteristic stickiness parameter (τ(-1)) of the microemulsion droplets in this system remains much lower than the critical value (τ(c)(-1)≈10.25) required to enforce such phase transition. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Subsolidus Phase Relations of the CoOx-CuO-SrO System  

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Grivel, Jean-Claude

2017-01-01

The subsolidus phase relations of the CoOx-CuO-SrO system were investigated in air. The samples were equilibrated at 900 °C. The pseudo-ternary section contains three stoichiometric binary oxide phases (Sr2CuO3, SrCuO2 and Sr14Cu24O41−δ) and a binary oxide solid solution: Sr6+xCo5O15+δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.......36). Two binary phases extend into the ternary system forming solid solutions, i.e., Sr14Cu24−xCoxO41−δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 5) and Sr6+xCo5−yCuyO15+δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.36, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1.0). The Sr6+xCo5O15+δ solid solution was found to undergo a phase separation into a mixture of Sr6Co5O15−δ and Sr14Co11O33 upon annealing...

Droplet polydispersity and shape fluctuations in AOT [bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate sodium salt] microemulsions studied by contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Arleth, L.; Pedersen, J.S.

2001-01-01

Microemulsions consisting of AOT water, and decane or iso-octane are studied in the region of the phase diagram where surfactant covered water droplets are formed. The polydispersity and shape fluctuations of the microemulsion droplets are determined and compared in the two different alkane types...

Grain Boundary Analysis of the Garnet-Like Oxides Li7+X−YLa3−XAXZr2−YNbYO12 (A = Sr or Ca)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohta, Shingo; Kihira, Yuki; Asaoka, Takahiko

2016-01-01

Garnet-like oxides having the formula Li 7+X−Y La 3−X A X Zr 2−Y Nb Y O 12 (A = Sr or Ca) were synthesized using a solid-state reaction, and their bulk and grain boundary resistivities were assessed by AC impedance measurements. A difference in grain boundary resistivity was identified between Sr and Ca materials, and so the grain boundaries were examined using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The difference in the grain boundary resistivities was attributed to the core–shell structure of the Sr-substituted samples. In contrast, the Ca-substituted materials exhibited accumulations of impurities at the grain boundaries.

Two-Dimensional Electron Gas at SrTiO3-Based Oxide Heterostructures via Atomic Layer Deposition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sang Woon Lee

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG at an oxide interface has been attracting considerable attention for physics research and nanoelectronic applications. Early studies reported the formation of 2DEG at semiconductor interfaces (e.g., AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures with interesting electrical properties such as high electron mobility. Besides 2DEG formation at semiconductor junctions, 2DEG was realized at the interface of an oxide heterostructure such as the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO heterojunction. The origin of 2DEG was attributed to the well-known “polar catastrophe” mechanism in oxide heterostructures, which consist of an epitaxial LAO layer on a single crystalline STO substrate among proposed mechanisms. Recently, it was reported that the creation of 2DEG was achieved using the atomic layer deposition (ALD technique, which opens new functionality of ALD in emerging nanoelectronics. This review is focused on the origin of 2DEG at oxide heterostructures using the ALD process. In particular, it addresses the origin of 2DEG at oxide interfaces based on an alternative mechanism (i.e., oxygen vacancies.

Porous La_0.6Sr_0.4CoO_3-δ thin film cathodes for large area micro solid oxide fuel cell power generators

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Garbayo, A.; Esposito, Vincenzo; Sanna, Simone

2014-01-01

Porous La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ thin films were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition for being used as a cathode for micro solid oxide fuel cell applications as MEMS power generators. Symmetrical La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ/ yttria-stabilized zirconia/La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ free-standing membranes were fabricated using ...

Development of Technology for the Preparation of 90Sr/90Y Generators at the Radiopharmacy Directory of IPEN/CNEN-SP

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barrio, Graciela

2010-01-01

90 Y (T /2 = 2,67 d; Eβmax = 2,28 MeV) is a radionuclide with efficacy established for various cancer therapies, labeling biomolecules and treating of radiosinovectomy. Due to its nuclear properties, is obtained through the decay of 90 Sr T /2 = 28 y in the form of a generator. Several types of 90 Sr/ 90 Y generators were developed, and the most employed are the cation exchange resins, where Sr and Y are adsorbed and 90 Y is selectively eluted with acetate or EDTA. The disadvantage of this type of generator is the radiolysis, which degrades its use. The electrochemical generator is a proposed solution because there is no significant effect of radiation. In this concept, the difference between the electrochemical potentials of the elements Sr and Y is used to obtain a rapid separation of 90 Y from 90 Sr. The production of 90 Y via colloid formation is the simplest method for the separation, based on the colloid formation of Y in high alkaline pH, which can be filtered and separated from Sr, and subsequently dissolved in HCl. The objective of this work was the development of technologies for the preparation of 90 Sr/ 90 Y generators, and three technologies were developed: generators using cation resins columns, generators through colloid formation and electrochemical generators. Radionuclidic quality control of 90 Y was also evaluated by liquid scintillation, radionuclide identity, extraction paper chromatography (EPC) using complexing agents for 90 Y and by Optical Emission Spectrometry with Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP-OES). The results showed that generators using cation resins have the best results related to the elution efficiency (∼83%), the reproducibility and radionuclidic purity. The electrochemical generator showed a potential for development, having the advantage of not suffering the effects of radiolysis of the pair 90 Sr/ 90 Y as the resin. A comparison and evaluation of the methods of the radionuclidic quality control showed that the EPC is very

Biological response of Sr-containing coating with various surface treatments on titanium substrate for medical applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yang, Shih-Ping [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (China); Lee, Tzer-Min, E-mail: tmlee@mail.ncku.edu.tw [Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (China); School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (China); Lui, Truan-Sheng [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (China)

2015-08-15

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Sr-containing coating prepared by plasma spraying and micro-arc oxidation process, respectively. • MAO coating stimulated high ECM-like structures of cells on early stage. • Sr-containing specimens had high cell responses on late stage. • Sr-MAO coating is a desirable implant surface treatment for clinical applications. - Abstract: An implant requires a suitable surface to trigger osteointegration. The surface characteristics and chemical composition are important factors in this process. Plasma spraying and micro-arc oxidation can be used to fabricate rough and porous structures for medical applications. Strontium (Sr) has been shown to prevent osteoporosis in vitro and in vivo. However, few scientists have evaluated the biological response of Sr-containing coatings on different surface treatments. In this study, a sand-blasted (SB) surface (as the control), plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) and Sr-substituted HA coatings (HAPS and SrHAPS, respectively), calcium phosphate and Sr-containing calcium phosphate micro-arc oxidation surface (CPM and SrCPM, respectively) were analyzed in terms of human osteoblastic cell (MG63) response. Sr was confirmed to be incorporated into the surface. SrHAPS and SrCPM specimens had higher cell responses than those of the HAPS and CPM groups, respectively. The cells cultured on SrCPM and SrHAPS specimens exhibited high proliferation and differentiation. However, CPM and SrCPM specimens stimulated more ECM-like structures than other specimens. The results show that Sr-containing coatings have good characteristics that enhance cell response. The SrCPM coating is a suitable implant surface treatment for clinical applications.

Biological response of Sr-containing coating with various surface treatments on titanium substrate for medical applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, Shih-Ping; Lee, Tzer-Min; Lui, Truan-Sheng

2015-01-01

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Sr-containing coating prepared by plasma spraying and micro-arc oxidation process, respectively. • MAO coating stimulated high ECM-like structures of cells on early stage. • Sr-containing specimens had high cell responses on late stage. • Sr-MAO coating is a desirable implant surface treatment for clinical applications. - Abstract: An implant requires a suitable surface to trigger osteointegration. The surface characteristics and chemical composition are important factors in this process. Plasma spraying and micro-arc oxidation can be used to fabricate rough and porous structures for medical applications. Strontium (Sr) has been shown to prevent osteoporosis in vitro and in vivo. However, few scientists have evaluated the biological response of Sr-containing coatings on different surface treatments. In this study, a sand-blasted (SB) surface (as the control), plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) and Sr-substituted HA coatings (HAPS and SrHAPS, respectively), calcium phosphate and Sr-containing calcium phosphate micro-arc oxidation surface (CPM and SrCPM, respectively) were analyzed in terms of human osteoblastic cell (MG63) response. Sr was confirmed to be incorporated into the surface. SrHAPS and SrCPM specimens had higher cell responses than those of the HAPS and CPM groups, respectively. The cells cultured on SrCPM and SrHAPS specimens exhibited high proliferation and differentiation. However, CPM and SrCPM specimens stimulated more ECM-like structures than other specimens. The results show that Sr-containing coatings have good characteristics that enhance cell response. The SrCPM coating is a suitable implant surface treatment for clinical applications

Dielectric Properties of Water in Butter and Water-AOT-Heptane Systems Measured using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Møller, Uffe; Folkenberg, Jacob Riis; Jepsen, Peter Uhd

2010-01-01

We investigate the dielectric properties of water confined in nanometer-sized inverse micelles in mixtures of water, AOT, and heptane. We show that the dielectric properties of the confined water are dependent on the water pool size and different from those of bulk water. We also discuss...... the dielectric properties of different vegetable oils, lard, and butter, and use these properties to deduce the dielectric properties of water in butter, which are shown to deviate significantly from the dielectric properties of bulk water....

Oxygen reduction kinetics and transport properties of (Ba,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3-δ solid oxide fuel cell cathode materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Lei; Merkle, Rotraut; Baumann, Frank S.; Maier, Joachim; Fleig, Juergen

2007-01-01

Full text: The oxygen reduction at the surface of cathode materials is crucial for the performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), but a detailed understanding of the mechanism is not available yet. (Ba x Sr 1-x )(Co 1-y Fe y )O 3-δ shows strongly improved oxygen reduction rates compared to previously applied perovskite cathode materials. In this work, surface rate constants as well as bulk transport properties are studied. (Ba x Sr 1-x )(Co 1-y Fe y )O 3-δ with 0≤x≤0.5, 0.2≤y≤1 was synthesized by the Pechini method. Oxygen stoichoimetry was obtained from thermo-gravimetric analysis, confirming that Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3-δ has an exceptionally low oxygen content which is generally smaller than 2.5. Dense thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and patterned into circular microelectrodes by photolithography. The surface resistance R s , which dominate the overall electrode resistance, were measured by impedance spectroscopy on individual microelectrodes at different T, pO 2 and applied electrical bias. PLD technique greatly helps to study the oxygen reduction kinetics since only measurements on dense thin films allow to record absolute R s values without interference from morphology effects. These R s values were found to be much lower than those for (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O 3-δ . The variation of the surface reaction rates with A-site and B-site composition was studied and correlations with bulk materials properties such as oxygen nonstoichiometry, ionic mobility or oxidation enthalpy were examined. Plausible reaction mechanisms as well as possible reasons for the high absolute surface reaction rates will be discussed

Near-surface effects of transient oxidation and reduction on Nb-doped SrTiO3 epitaxial thin films

Science.gov (United States)

Chang, C. F.; Chen, Q. Y.; Wadekar, P. V.; Lozano, O.; Wong, M. S.; Hsieh, W. C.; Lin, W. Y.; Ko, H. H.; Lin, Q. J.; Huang, H. C.; Ho, N. J.; Tu, L. W.; Liao, H. H.; Chinta, P. V.; Chu, W. K.; Seo, H. W.

2014-03-01

We studied the effects of transient oxidation and reduction of Nb-doped epitaxial thin films through variations of PAr and PO2. The samples were prepared by co-sputtering of Nb and SrTiO3 on LaAlO3 substrates. The Nb-content were varied from 0-33.7%, as determined by PIXE. Contact resistance, sheet resistance, and optical properties are used to discriminate the effects.

A Sensitivity Study of Human Errors in Optimizing Surveillance Test Interval (STI) and Allowed Outage Time (AOT) of Standby Safety System

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chung, Dae Wook; Shin, Won Ky; You, Young Woo; Yang, Hui Chang

1998-01-01

In most cases, the surveillance test intervals (STIs), allowed outage times (AOTS) and testing strategies of safety components in nuclear power plant are prescribed in plant technical specifications. And, in general, it is required that standby safety system shall be redundant (i.e., composed of multiple components) and these components are tested by either staggered test strategy or sequential test strategy. In this study, a linear model is presented to incorporate the effects of human errors associated with test into the evaluation of unavailability. The average unavailabilities of 1/4, 2/4 redundant systems are computed considering human error and testing strategy. The adverse effects of test on system unavailability, such as component wear and test-induced transient have been modelled. The final outcome of this study would be the optimized human error domain from 3-D human error sensitivity analysis by selecting finely classified segment. The results of sensitivity analysis show that the STI and AOT can be optimized provided human error probability is maintained within allowable range. (authors)

The water adsorption on the surfaces of SrMO3 (M= Ti, Zr, and Hf) crystalline oxides: quantum and classical modelling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Evarestov, R A; Bandura, A V; Blokhin, E N

2007-01-01

Hybrid HF-DFT LCAO simulations of (001) surface properties and water adsorption on cubic SrTiO 3 , SrZrO 3 , and SrHfO 3 perovskites are performed in a single-slab model framework. The optimized atomic structures and water adsorption energies have been calculated for a single water molecule per the surface unit cell. The possibility of the water molecular dissociation was investigated. Basing on the experimental data and results of the ab initio calculations the new interatomic potentials have been developed to describe the bulk and surface properties of the binary and ternary titanium and zirconium oxides. The proposed force-field takes into account the polarization effects via the shell model. The force-field suggested was used in the molecular mechanics calculations with the extended unit cells to study the possible surface reconstruction upon relaxation and hydroxylation of cubic perovskites

Epitaxial growth and electronic structure of oxyhydride SrVO{sub 2}H thin films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Katayama, Tsukasa; Chikamatsu, Akira, E-mail: chikamatsu@chem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Yamada, Keisuke; Onozuka, Tomoya [Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan); Shigematsu, Kei [Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012 (Japan); Minohara, Makoto; Kumigashira, Hiroshi [Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801 (Japan); Ikenaga, Eiji [Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI)/SPring-8, Mikazuki-cho, Hyogo 679-5198 (Japan); Hasegawa, Tetsuya [Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan); Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012 (Japan)

2016-08-28

Oxyhydride SrVO{sub 2}H epitaxial thin films were fabricated on SrTiO{sub 3} substrates via topotactic hydridation of oxide SrVO{sub 3} films using CaH{sub 2}. Structural and composition analyses suggested that the SrVO{sub 2}H film possessed one-dimensionally ordered V-H{sup −}-V bonds along the out-of-plane direction. The synthesis temperature could be lowered by reducing the film thickness, and the SrVO{sub 2}H film was reversible to SrVO{sub 3} by oxidation through annealing in air. Photoemission and X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements revealed the V{sup 3+} valence state in the SrVO{sub 2}H film, indicating that the hydrogen existed as hydride. Furthermore, the electronic density of states was highly suppressed at the Fermi energy, consistent with the prediction that tetragonal distortion induces metal to insulation transition.

Atomic layer epitaxy of Ruddlesden-Popper SrO(SrTiO3)n films by means of metalorganic aerosol deposition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jungbauer, M.; Hühn, S.; Moshnyaga, V.; Egoavil, R.; Tan, H.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.

2014-01-01

We report an atomic layer epitaxial growth of Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) thin films of SrO(SrTiO 3 ) n (n = ∞, 2, 3, 4) by means of metalorganic aerosol deposition (MAD). The films are grown on SrTiO 3 (001) substrates by means of a sequential deposition of Sr-O/Ti-O 2 atomic monolayers, monitored in-situ by optical ellipsometry. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal the RP structure with n = 2–4 in accordance with the growth recipe. RP defects, observed by TEM in a good correlation with the in-situ ellipsometry, mainly result from the excess of SrO. Being maximal at the film/substrate interface, the SrO excess rapidly decreases and saturates after 5–6 repetitions of the SrO(SrTiO 3 ) 4 block at the level of 2.4%. This identifies the SrTiO 3 substrate surface as a source of RP defects under oxidizing conditions within MAD. Advantages and limitations of MAD as a solution-based and vacuum-free chemical deposition route were discussed in comparison with molecular beam epitaxy

Contrasting pressure effects in Sr2VFeAsO3 and Sr2ScFePO3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kotegawa, Hisashi; Kawazoe, Takayuki; Tou, Hideki; Murata, Keizo; Ogino, Hiraku; Kishio, Kohji; Shimoyama, Jun-ichi

2009-01-01

We report the resistivity measurements under pressure of two Fe-based superconductors with a thick perovskite oxide layer, Sr 2 VFeAsO 3 and Sr 2 ScFePO 3 . The superconducting transition temperature T c of Sr 2 VFeAsO 3 markedly increases with increasing pressure. Its onset value, which was T c onset =36.4 K at ambient pressure, increases to T c onset =46.0 K at ∼4 GPa, ensuring the potential of the '21113' system as a high-T c material. However, the superconductivity of Sr 2 ScFePO 3 is strongly suppressed under pressure. The T c onset of ∼16 K decreases to ∼5 K at ∼4 GPa, and the zero-resistance state is almost lost. We discuss the factor that induces this contrasting pressure effect. (author)

An X-ray fluorescence method for the determination of Ba, Sr, Mo and Bi in thorium oxide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dixit, R.M.; Deshpande, S.S.

1988-01-01

A simple and rapid X-ray fluorescence method for the determination of Ba, Sr, Mo and Bi in thoria is described. Thorium oxide samples are dry-mixed thoroughly with pure boric acid in the ratio of 9:1. One gram of mixture is pressed as a double layer over a primary boric acid pellet. The precision and accuracy of the method have been determined. The power limits of detection are found to be around 20 ppm for most analytes. (author). 5 tables

Sintering and Electrical Characterization of La and Nb Co‐doped SrTiO3 Electrode Materials for Solid Oxide Cell Applications

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sudireddy, Bhaskar Reddy; Agersted, Karsten

2014-01-01

Single‐phase lanthanum and niobium co‐doped strontium titanate (Sr1–3x/2LaxTi0.9Nb0.1O3; x = 0–0.02) ceramics were prepared. Dilatometry in reducing atmosphere showed an increase in the sintering rate and sintered density with an increase in La amount. Microscopy of fractured surfaces of sintered...... samples showed that the average grain size increased drastically in reducing conditions with increasing La content (and associated A‐site vacancies). By incorporating 2 mol.% La, the electronic conductivity significantly improved from 80 to 135 S cm−1 at 1,000 °C, and even larger improvements were...... observed at lower temperatures. These observations demonstrate the flexibility in tailoring the microstructure and electronic transport properties by doping small amounts of La into the Nb‐doped SrTiO3 and show that Sr1–3x/2LaxTi0.9Nb0.1O3 is a potential electrode material for solid oxide cells....

The water adsorption on the surfaces of SrMO{sub 3} (M= Ti, Zr, and Hf) crystalline oxides: quantum and classical modelling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Evarestov, R A; Bandura, A V; Blokhin, E N [Department of Quantum Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University 26 University Ave., Petergoff, St. Petersburg, 198504 (Russian Federation)

2007-12-15

Hybrid HF-DFT LCAO simulations of (001) surface properties and water adsorption on cubic SrTiO{sub 3}, SrZrO{sub 3}, and SrHfO{sub 3} perovskites are performed in a single-slab model framework. The optimized atomic structures and water adsorption energies have been calculated for a single water molecule per the surface unit cell. The possibility of the water molecular dissociation was investigated. Basing on the experimental data and results of the ab initio calculations the new interatomic potentials have been developed to describe the bulk and surface properties of the binary and ternary titanium and zirconium oxides. The proposed force-field takes into account the polarization effects via the shell model. The force-field suggested was used in the molecular mechanics calculations with the extended unit cells to study the possible surface reconstruction upon relaxation and hydroxylation of cubic perovskites.

Structural features of layered iron pnictide oxides (Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2})(Sr{sub 4}M{sub 2}O{sub 6})

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ogino, H., E-mail: tuogino@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.j [Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan); JST-TRIP, Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075 (Japan); Sato, S.; Matsumura, Y.; Kawaguchi, N.; Ushiyama, K. [Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan); JST-TRIP, Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075 (Japan); Katsura, Y. [Magnetic Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan); Horii, S. [JST-TRIP, Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075 (Japan); Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502 (Japan); Kishio, K.; Shimoyama, J. [Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan); JST-TRIP, Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075 (Japan)

2010-12-15

Structural features of newly found perovskite-based iron pnictide oxide system have been studied. Compared to REFePnO system, perovskite-based system tend to have smaller Pn-Fe-Pn angle and higher pnictogen height owing to low electronegativity of alkaline earth metal and small repulsive force between pnictogen and oxigen atoms. As-Fe-As angles of (Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2})(Sr{sub 4}Cr{sub 2}O{sub 6}), (Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2})(Sr{sub 4}V{sub 2}O{sub 6}) and (Fe{sub 2}Pn{sub 2})(Sr{sub 4}MgTiO{sub 6}) are close to ideal tetrahedron and those pnictogen heights of about 1.40 A are close to NdFeAsO with optimized carrier concentration. These structural features of this system may lead to realization of high-T{sub c} superconductivity in this system.

Chemical compatibility and properties of suspension plasma-sprayed SrTiO3-based anodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Shan-Lin; Li, Cheng-Xin; Li, Chang-Jiu

2014-10-01

La-doped strontium titanate (LST) is a promising, redox-stable perovskite material for direct hydrocarbon oxidation anodes in intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). In this study, nano-sized LST and Sm-doped ceria (SDC) powders are produced by the sol-gel and glycine-nitrate processes, respectively. The chemical compatibility between LST and electrolyte materials is studied. A LST-SDC composite anode is prepared by suspension plasma spraying (SPS). The effects of annealing conditions on the phase structure, microstructure, and chemical stability of the LST-SDC composite anode are investigated. The results indicate that the suspension plasma-sprayed LST-SDC anode has the same phase structure as the original powders. LST exhibits a good chemical compatibility with SDC and Mg/Sr-doped lanthanum gallate (LSGM). The anode has a porosity of ∼40% with a finely porous structure that provides high gas permeability and a long three-phase boundary for the anode reaction. Single cells assembled with the LST-SDC anode, La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3 electrolyte, and La0.8Sr0.2CoO3-SDC cathode show a good performance at 650-800 °C. The annealing reduces the impedances due to the enhancement in the bonding between the particles in the anode and interface of anode and LSGM electrolyte, thus improving the output performance of the cell.

Incorporation and conduction of proton in Sr-doped LaMO3 (M=Al, Sc, In, Yb, Y)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Okuyama, Yuji; Kozai, Takeshi; Ikeda, Shohei; Matsuka, Maki; Sakai, Takaaki; Matsumoto, Hiroshige

2014-01-01

In order to clarify the effect of the B site species in ABO 3 perovskite oxides on the proton transport properties, the proton incorporation into a series of La 0.9 Sr 0.1 MO 3-δ , (M = Al, Sc, In, Yb, Y) was studied by measuring the electrical conductivity and electromotive forces of the gas concentration cells, and by a thermogravimetric analysis. The proton concentration and electrical conductivity increased in the order of the B site species, Al 0.9 Sr 0.1 AlO 3-δ showed an oxide ion conductivity, while La 0.9 Sr 0.1 YbO 3-δ and La 0.9 Sr 0.1 YO 3-δ exhibited a protonic conductivity in the temperature range of 573–1173 K. La 0.9 Sr 0.1 ScO 3-δ and La 0.9 Sr 0.1 InO 3-δ showed a protonic conductivity under 873 K, and a mixed proton and oxide ion conductivity at 1073 K

Transport of Sr 2+ and SrEDTA 2- in partially-saturated and heterogeneous sediments

Science.gov (United States)

Pace, M. N.; Mayes, M. A.; Jardine, P. M.; McKay, L. D.; Yin, X. L.; Mehlhorn, T. L.; Liu, Q.; Gürleyük, H.

2007-05-01

Strontium-90 has migrated deep into the unsaturated subsurface beneath leaking storage tanks in the Waste Management Areas (WMA) at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Hanford Reservation. Faster than expected transport of contaminants in the vadose zone is typically attributed to either physical hydrologic processes such as development of preferential flow pathways, or to geochemical processes such as the formation of stable, anionic complexes with organic chelates, e.g., ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The goal of this paper is to determine whether hydrological processes in the Hanford sediments can influence the geochemistry of the system and hence control transport of Sr 2+ and SrEDTA 2-. The study used batch isotherms, saturated packed column experiments, and an unsaturated transport experiment in an undisturbed core. Isotherms and repacked column experiments suggested that the SrEDTA 2- complex was unstable in the presence of Hanford sediments, resulting in dissociation and transport of Sr 2+ as a divalent cation. A decrease in sorption with increasing solid:solution ratio for Sr 2+ and SrEDTA 2- suggested mineral dissolution resulted in competition for sorption sites and the formation of stable aqueous complexes. This was confirmed by detection of MgEDTA 2-, MnEDTA 2-, PbEDTA 2-, and unidentified Sr and Ca complexes. Displacement of Sr 2+ through a partially-saturated undisturbed core resulted in less retardation and more irreversible sorption than was observed in the saturated repacked columns, and model results suggested a significant reservoir (49%) of immobile water was present during transport through the heterogeneous layered sediments. The undisturbed core was subsequently disassembled along distinct bedding planes and subjected to sequential extractions. Strontium was unequally distributed between carbonates (49%), ion exchange sites (37%), and the oxide (14%) fraction. An inverse relationship between mass wetness and Sr suggested that

Nanoscale Chemical and Valence Evolution at the Metal/Oxide Interface: A Case Study of Ti/SrTiO 3

KAUST Repository

Li, Yangyang

2016-06-27

Metal/oxide interfaces are ubiquitous in a wide range of applications such as electronics, photovoltaics, memories, catalysis, and sensors. However, there have been few investigations dedicated to the nanoscale structural and chemical characteristics of these buried interfaces. In this work, the metal/oxide interface between Ti and SrTiO3 (STO) is examined as a prototypical system using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. An atomic-thin Ti2O3-like layer at the Ti/STO interface prepared at room temperature is discovered, and first-principles calculations predict a metallic band structure of this 2D electron system. As a universal feature of such interfaces prepared at different temperatures, near the interface nanoscale oxygen-deficient domains and continuous modulation of Ti oxidation states are found. Overall, these results directly reveal complex chemical and valence evolutions at the metal/oxide interfaces, providing microscopic insights on such heterostructures. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

New representatives of the Raddlesden-Popper homologous series: anion-deficient oxides Sr3Co2-xZnxO6+δ (x=0.5, 0.7)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chupakhina, T.I.; Zajtseva, N.A.; Melkozerova, M.A.; Bazuev, G.V.

2006-01-01

New complex oxides Sr 3 Co 2-x Zn x O 6+δ (x=0.5, 0.7) of the Raddlesden-Popper homologous series are synthesized; structural characteristics and magnetic properties are investigated. Lattice parameters are determined. It is established that Sr 3 Co 1.5 Zn 0.5 O 6.25 magnetic susceptibility dependence on temperature follows Curie-Weiss law only within 250-300 K temperature range. In low temperature range the compound has spin glass properties with characteristic phenomena of magnetic and temperature hysteresis [ru

Atomic layer epitaxy of Ruddlesden-Popper SrO(SrTiO{sub 3}){sub n} films by means of metalorganic aerosol deposition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jungbauer, M.; Hühn, S.; Moshnyaga, V. [Erstes Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen (Germany); Egoavil, R.; Tan, H.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Tendeloo, G. [EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp (Belgium)

2014-12-22

We report an atomic layer epitaxial growth of Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) thin films of SrO(SrTiO{sub 3}){sub n} (n = ∞, 2, 3, 4) by means of metalorganic aerosol deposition (MAD). The films are grown on SrTiO{sub 3}(001) substrates by means of a sequential deposition of Sr-O/Ti-O{sub 2} atomic monolayers, monitored in-situ by optical ellipsometry. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal the RP structure with n = 2–4 in accordance with the growth recipe. RP defects, observed by TEM in a good correlation with the in-situ ellipsometry, mainly result from the excess of SrO. Being maximal at the film/substrate interface, the SrO excess rapidly decreases and saturates after 5–6 repetitions of the SrO(SrTiO{sub 3}){sub 4} block at the level of 2.4%. This identifies the SrTiO{sub 3} substrate surface as a source of RP defects under oxidizing conditions within MAD. Advantages and limitations of MAD as a solution-based and vacuum-free chemical deposition route were discussed in comparison with molecular beam epitaxy.

Nanostructured Thermoelectric Oxides for Energy Harvesting Applications

KAUST Repository

Abutaha, Anas I.

2015-11-24

As the world strives to adapt to the increasing demand for electrical power, sustainable energy sources are attracting significant interest. Around 60% of energy utilized in the world is wasted as heat. Different industrial processes, home heating, and exhausts in cars, all generate a huge amount of unused waste heat. With such a huge potential, there is also significant interest in discovering inexpensive technologies for power generation from waste heat. As a result, thermoelectric materials have become important for many renewable energy research programs. While significant advancements have been done in improving the thermoelectric properties of the conventional heavy-element based materials (such as Bi2Te3 and PbTe), high-temperature applications of thermoelectrics are still limited to one materials system, namely SiGe, since the traditional thermoelectric materials degrade and oxidize at high temperature. Therefore, oxide thermoelectrics emerge as a promising class of materials since they can operate athigher temperatures and in harsher environments compared to non-oxide thermoelectrics. Furthermore, oxides are abundant and friendly to the environment. Among oxides, crystalline SrTiO3 and ZnO are promising thermoelectric materials. The main objective of this work is therefore to pursue focused investigations of SrTiO3 and ZnO thin films and superlattices grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), with the goal of optimizing their thermoelectric properties by following different strategies. First, the effect of laser fluence on the thermoelectric properties of La doped epitaxial SrTiO3 films is discussed. Films grown at higher laser fluences exhibit better thermoelectric performance. Second, the role of crystal orientation in determining the thermoelectric properties of epitaxial Al doped ZnO (AZO) films is explained. Vertically aligned (c-axis) AZO films have superior thermoelectric properties compared to other films with different crystal orientations. Third

Structural studies of the rhombohedral and orthorhombic monouranates: CaUO{sub 4}, α-SrUO{sub 4}, β-SrUO{sub 4} and BaUO{sub 4}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Murphy, Gabriel [School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Kennedy, Brendan J., E-mail: kennedyb@chem.usyd.edu.au [School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Johannessen, Bernt; Kimpton, Justin A. [Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168 (Australia); Avdeev, Maxim; Griffith, Christopher S.; Thorogood, Gordon J.; Zhang, Zhaoming [Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234 (Australia)

2016-05-15

The structures of some AUO{sub 4} (A=Ca, Sr, or Ba) oxides have been determined using a combination of neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction, supported by X-ray absorption spectroscopic measurements at the U L{sub 3}-edge. The smaller Ca cation favours a rhombohedral AUO{sub 4} structure with 8-coordinate UO{sub 8} moieties whilst an orthorhombic structure based on UO{sub 6} groups is found for BaUO{sub 4}. Both the rhombohedral and orthorhombic structures can be stabilised for SrUO{sub 4}. The structural studies suggest that the bonding requirements of the A site cation play a significant role in determining which structure is favoured. In the rhombohedral structure, Bond Valence Sums demonstrate the A site is invariably overbonded, which, in the case of rhombohedral α-SrUO{sub 4}, is compensated for by the formation of vacancies in the oxygen sub-lattice. The uranium cation, with its flexible oxidation state, is able to accommodate this by inducing vacancies along its equatorial coordination site as demonstrated by neutron powder diffraction. - Graphical abstract: Diffraction studies of AUO{sub 4} (A = Ca, Sr, or Ba) oxides reveal the importance of the bonding requirements of the A site cation in determining whether the structure is rhombohedral or orthorhombic. - Highlights: • Structures of AUO{sub 4} ( A = Ca Sr, Ba) refined against X-ray and Neutron diffraction. • The alkali cations size has a dramatic effect on the crystal structure. • Smaller cations favouring a rhombohedral structure. • Oxygen vacancies to stabilise the rhombohedral structure in SrUO{sub 4}.

Basic Principle of Advanced Oxidation Technology : Hybrid Technology Based on Ozone and Titania

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Widdi Usada; Agus Purwadi

2007-01-01

One of problems in health environment is organic liquid waste from many pollutant resources. Environmental friendly technology for degrading this waste is ozone which produced by plasma discharge technology, but its capability is limited. However, it is needed a new environmental friendly technology which has stronger capability. This new technology is so called advanced oxidation technology. Advanced oxidation technology is a hybrid of ozone, peroxide, UV light and photo catalyst. In this paper, it is introduced basic principle of hybrid of ozone and titania photo catalyst semiconductor. The capability of organic liquid degradation will be stronger because there is new radical which is produced by chemical reaction between electron-hole pair from photo catalyst titania and water or oxygen. This new radical then degrades this organic pollutant. This technology is used to degrade phenol. (author)

Effect of SrO content on Zeolite Structure

Science.gov (United States)

Widiarti, N.; Sari, U. S.; Mahatmanti, F. W.; Harjito; Kurniawan, C.; Prasetyoko, D.; Suprapto

2018-04-01

The aims of current studies is to investigate the effect of strontium oxide content (SrO) on synthesized zeolite. Zeolite was synthesized from Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as precursors of SiO2 and aluminum isopropoxide (AIP) precursors. The mixture was aged for 3 days and hydrothermally treated for 6 days. The SrO content was added by impregnation method. The products were then characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA). The diffractogram confirmed the formation of Faujasite-like zeolite. However, after the addition of SrO, the crystallinity of zeolite was deformed. The diffractograms shows the amorphous phase of zeolite were decrease as the SrO content is increase. The structural changes was also observed from FTIR spectra which shows the shifting and peak formation. The surface area analysis showed that the increasing loading of SrO/Zeolites reduced the catalyst surface area.

Nonvolatile resistive switching in Pt/laALO3/srTiO3 heterostructures

KAUST Repository

Wu, S.

2013-12-12

Resistive switching heterojunctions, which are promising for nonvolatile memory applications, usually share a capacitorlike metal-oxide-metal configuration. Here, we report on the nonvolatile resistive switching in Pt/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures, where the conducting layer near the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface serves as the "unconventional"bottom electrode although both oxides are band insulators. Interestingly, the switching between low-resistance and high-resistance states is accompanied by reversible transitions between tunneling and Ohmic characteristics in the current transport perpendicular to the planes of the heterojunctions. We propose that the observed resistive switching is likely caused by the electric-field-induced drift of charged oxygen vacancies across the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface and the creation of defect-induced gap states within the ultrathin LaAlO3 layer. These metal-oxide-oxide heterojunctions with atomically smooth interfaces and defect-controlled transport provide a platform for the development of nonvolatile oxide nanoelectronics that integrate logic and memory devices.

Revealing the atomic structure and strontium distribution in nanometer-thick La0.8Sr0.2CoO3−δ grown on (001)-oriented SrTiO3

KAUST Repository

Feng, Zhenxing; Yacoby, Yizhak; Hong, Wesley T.; Zhou, Hua; Biegalski, Michael D.; Christen, Hans M.; Shao-Horn, Yang

2014-01-01

Surface segregation in metal oxides can greatly influence the oxygen transport and surface oxygen exchange kinetics critical to the performance of solid-state devices such as oxygen permeation membranes and solid oxide fuel/electrolytic cell electrodes. Unfortunately detecting elemental distributions at the atomic scale near the surface remains challenging, which hampers the understanding of underpinning mechanisms and control of surface segregation for the design of high-performance materials. Using the coherent Bragg rod analysis (COBRA) method, we report the first direct 3D atomic imaging of a 4 nm-thick "La0.8Sr0.2CoO 3-δ"/SrTiO3 epitaxial film. Of significance, energy differential COBRA revealed pronounced Sr segregation (La 1-xSrxCoO3-δ, x ∼ 0.4) in the four unit cells from the top surface while complete Sr depletion was detected in the five unit cells from the "La0.8Sr0.2CoO 3-δ"/SrTiO3 interface. The drastic strontium compositional changes in the film were associated with large changes in the atomic positions of apical oxygen sites in the perovskite structure. Such Sr segregation tendencies toward the surface were also found in nominal "La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ" thin films, which can greatly enhance the surface oxygen exchange properties of oxides. The results presented here show that COBRA and the differential COBRA methods can be used to investigate a variety of electrochemically active systems providing atomic scale structural and chemical information that can help understand the physical and chemical properties of these systems and serve as a basis for comparison with DFT calculations. © 2014 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Effect of Ca substitution on the electrochemical properties of the Ruddlesden-Popper oxides Sr3.2-xCaxLn0.8Fe1.5Co1.5O10-δ

Science.gov (United States)

Padmasree, K. P.; Lai, Ke-Yu; Kaveevivitchai, Watchareeya; Manthiram, Arumugam

2018-01-01

The Ruddlesden-Popper (R-P) oxides Sr3.2-xCaxLn0.8Fe1.5Co1.5O10-δ with x = 0 and 0.4 and Ln = La, Pr, and Nd, have been synthesized and the effect of Ca on their electrochemical properties as cathodes in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) has been investigated. The substitution of Ca for Sr in Sr3.2-xCaxLn0.8Fe1.5Co1.5O10-δ decreases the amount of oxygen loss on heating and the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC). The phase instability of these materials at high temperature is a significant issue that restricts their application as SOFC cathodes, and the substitution of Ca effectively stabilizes the Sr3.2-xCaxLn0.8Fe1.5Co1.5O10-δ phase at 800 °C. Among the different lanthanides with and without Ca in Sr3.2-xCaxLn0.8Fe1.5Co1.5O10-δ, the Ln = Nd samples exhibit an enhancement in cathode performance in SOFC compared to Ln = La and Pr samples, which may be attributed to the higher concentration of oxygen vacancies in the Ln = Nd samples. Comparing the various compositions studied, the Sr2.8Ca0.4Nd0.8Fe1.5Co1.5O10-δ cathode material exhibits superior performance in SOFC with good phase stability.

Thermal expansion behaviour in the oxygen deficient perovskites Sr2BSbO5.5 (B=Ca, Sr, Ba). Competing effects of water and oxygen ordering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou Qingdi; Kennedy, Brendan J.; Avdeev, Maxim

2011-01-01

Neutron diffractions studies reveal the presence of oxygen disorder in the oxygen deficient perovskites Sr 2 BSbO 5.5 (B=Ca, Sr, Ba). Synchrotron X-ray studies demonstrate that these oxides have a double perovskite-type structure with the cell size increasing as the size of the B cation increases from 8.2114(2) A for B=Ca to 8.4408(1) A for B=Ba. It is postulated that a combination of local clustering of the anions and vacancies together with water-water and water-host hydrogen bonds plays a role in defining the volume of the encapsulated water clusters and that changes in the local structure upon heating result in anomalous thermal expansion observed in variable temperature diffraction measurements. - Graphical abstract: The oxides Sr 2 BSbO 5.5 (B=Ca, Sr, Ba) have unusual anion disorder. There is a lag in the contraction in the cell size of Sr 2 CaSbO 5.5 nH 2 O established from X-ray diffraction measurements following the loss of water suggesting changes on the local structure are important. Highlights: → The average structures of the defect perovskites Sr 2 MSbO 5.5 established. → Anion and cation disorder quantified by neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. → Anomalous thermal expansion due to local clustering of anions and vacancies observed.

Metallic and Insulating Interfaces of Amorphous SrTiO3-Based Oxide Heterostructures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chen, Yunzhong; Pryds, Nini; Kleibeuker, Josée E.

2011-01-01

AlO3, SrTiO3, and yttria-stabilized zirconia films. On the other hand, samples of amorphous La7/8Sr1/8MnO3 films on SrTiO3 substrates remain insulating. The interfacial conductivity results from the formation of oxygen vacancies near the interface, suggesting that the redox reactions on the surface...

Performance of intermediate temperature (600-800 °C) solid oxide fuel cell based on Sr and Mg doped lanthanum-gallate electrolyte

Science.gov (United States)

Gong, Wenquan; Gopalan, Srikanth; Pal, Uday B.

The solid electrolyte chosen for this investigation was La 0.9Sr 0.1Ga 0.8Mg 0.2O 3 (LSGM). To select appropriate electrode materials from a group of possible candidate materials, AC complex impedance spectroscopy studies were conducted between 600 and 800 °C on symmetrical cells that employed the LSGM electrolyte. Based on the results of the investigation, LSGM electrolyte supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) were fabricated with La 0.6Sr 0.4Co 0.8Fe 0.2O 3-La 0.9Sr 0.1Ga 0.8Mg 0.2O 3 (LSCF-LSGM) composite cathode and nickel-Ce 0.6La 0.4O 2 (Ni-LDC) composite anode having a barrier layer of Ce 0.6La 0.4O 2 (LDC) between the LSGM electrolyte and the Ni-LDC anode. Electrical performances of these cells were determined and the electrode polarization behavior as a function of cell current was modeled between 600 and 800 °C.

Thermoelectric Properties and Microstructure of Modified Novel Complex Cobalt Oxides Sr₃RECo₄O_10.5 (RE = Y, Gd)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Van Nong, Ngo; Pryds, Nini

2012-01-01

We report on the high-temperature thermoelectric properties and microstructure of modified novel complex cobalt oxides Sr3RECo4O10.5 (RE = Y, Gd), in which the Sr- and Co-sites are partly substituted by Ca and Ga, respectively. We have found that the sample with RE = Gd shows a significant higher......-sample resulting in a substantial decrease in porosity, its thermal diffusivity exhibits a lower value then the non-doped one, particularly in high temperature region. © 2012 American Institute of Physics...

Theoretical band structure of the superconducting antiperovskite oxide Sr3-xSnO

Science.gov (United States)

Ikeda, Atsutoshi; Fukumoto, Toshiyuki; Oudah, Mohamed; Hausmann, Jan Niklas; Yonezawa, Shingo; Kobayashi, Shingo; Sato, Masatoshi; Tassel, Cédric; Takeiri, Fumitaka; Takatsu, Hiroshi; Kageyama, Hiroshi; Maeno, Yoshiteru

2018-05-01

In order to investigate the position of the strontium deficiency in superconductive Sr3-xSnO, we synthesized and measured X-ray-diffraction patterns of Sr3-xSnO (x ∼ 0.5). Because no clear peaks originating from superstructures were observed, strontium deficiency is most likely to be randomly distributed. We also performed first-principles band-structure calculations on Sr3-xSnO (x = 0, 0.5) using two methods: full-potential linearized-augmented plane-wave plus local orbitals method and the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green function method combined with the coherent potential approximation. We revealed that the Fermi energy of Sr3-xSnO in case of x ∼ 0.5 is about 0.8 eV below the original Fermi energy of the stoichiometric Sr3SnO, where the mixing of the valence p and conduction d orbitals are considered to be small.

Surface strontium enrichment on highly active perovskites for oxygen electrocatalysis in solid oxide fuel cells

KAUST Repository

Crumlin, Ethan J.; Mutoro, Eva; Liu, Zhi; Grass, Michael E.; Biegalski, Michael D.; Lee, Yueh-Lin; Morgan, Dane; Christen, Hans M.; Bluhm, Hendrik; Shao-Horn, Yang

2012-01-01

Perovskite oxides have high catalytic activities for oxygen electrocatalysis competitive to platinum at elevated temperatures. However, little is known about the oxide surface chemistry that influences the activity near ambient oxygen partial pressures, which hampers the design of highly active catalysts for many clean-energy technologies such as solid oxide fuel cells. Using in situ synchrotron-based, ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to study the surface chemistry changes, we show that the coverage of surface secondary phases on a (001)-oriented La 0.8Sr 0.2CoO 3-δ (LSC) film becomes smaller than that on an LSC powder pellet at elevated temperatures. In addition, strontium (Sr) in the perovskite structure enriches towards the film surface in contrast to the pellet having no detectable changes with increasing temperature. We propose that the ability to reduce surface secondary phases and develop Sr-enriched perovskite surfaces of the LSC film contributes to its enhanced activity for O 2 electrocatalysis relative to LSC powder-based electrodes. © 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Nonvolatile Resistive Switching in Pt/LaAlO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} Heterostructures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shuxiang Wu

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Resistive switching heterojunctions, which are promising for nonvolatile memory applications, usually share a capacitorlike metal-oxide-metal configuration. Here, we report on the nonvolatile resistive switching in Pt/LaAlO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} heterostructures, where the conducting layer near the LaAlO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} interface serves as the “unconventional” bottom electrode although both oxides are band insulators. Interestingly, the switching between low-resistance and high-resistance states is accompanied by reversible transitions between tunneling and Ohmic characteristics in the current transport perpendicular to the planes of the heterojunctions. We propose that the observed resistive switching is likely caused by the electric-field-induced drift of charged oxygen vacancies across the LaAlO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} interface and the creation of defect-induced gap states within the ultrathin LaAlO_{3} layer. These metal-oxide-oxide heterojunctions with atomically smooth interfaces and defect-controlled transport provide a platform for the development of nonvolatile oxide nanoelectronics that integrate logic and memory devices.

Cationic Intermixing and Reactivity at the La2 Mo2 O9 /La0.8 Sr0.2 MnO3-δ Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrolyte-Cathode Interface.

Science.gov (United States)

Ravella, Uday K; Liu, Jingjing; Corbel, Gwenaël; Skinner, Stephen J; Lacorre, Philippe

2016-08-23

Among standard high-temperature cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells, La0.8 Sr0.2 MnO3-δ (LSM) displays the least reactivity with the oxide-ion conductor La2 Mo2 O9 (LMO), yet a reaction is observed at high processing temperatures, identified by using XRD and focused ion beam secondary-ion mass spectrometry (FIB-SIMS) after annealing at 1050 and 1150 °C. Additionally, Sr and Mn solutions were deposited and annealed on LMO pellets, as well as a Mo solution on a LSM pellet. From these studies several reaction products were identified by using XRD and located by using FIB-SIMS on the surface of pelletised samples. We used depth profiling to show that the reactivity extended up to ∼10 μm from the surface region. If Sr was present, a SrMoO4 -type scheelite phase was always observed as a reaction product, and if Mn was present, LaMnO3+δ single crystals were observed on the surface of the LMO pellets. Additional phases such as La2 MoO6 and La6 MoO12 were also detected depending on the configuration and annealing temperature. Reaction mechanisms and detailed reaction formulae are proposed to explain these observations. The strongest driving force for cationic diffusion appears to originate from Mo(6+) and Mn(3+) cations, rather than from Sr(2+) . © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Pulsed laser deposition of epitaxial Sr(RuxSn1-x)O3 thin film electrodes and KNbO3/Sr(RuxSn1-x)O3 bilayers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Christen, H.M.; Boatner, L.A.; English, L.Q.; Geea, L.A.; Marrero, P.J.; Norton, D.P.

1995-01-01

Sr(Ru x Sn 1-x ) 3 is proposed as a new conducting oxide for use in epitaxial multilayer structures. The Sr(Ru o 48 Sn 0.52 )0 3 composition exhibits an excellent lattice match with (100)-oriented KTaO 3 , and films of this composition grown by pulsed laser deposition on KTaO 3 , SrTiO 3 , and LaAlO 3 substrates have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering/ion channeling, and resistivity measurements. Epitaxial KNbO 3 /Sr(Ru 0.48 Sn 0.52 )O 3 bilayers have been successfully grown

A Comparison of Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Soil Dust Aerosols Over the Atlantic Ocean as Inferred by the Toms AI and AVHRR AOT Retrievals

Science.gov (United States)

Cakmur, R. V.; Miller, R. L.; Tegen, Ina; Hansen, James E. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

The seasonal cycle and interannual variability of two estimates of soil (or 'mineral') dust aerosols are compared: Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) aerosol index (AI), Both data sets, comprising more than a decade of global, daily images, are commonly used to evaluate aerosol transport models. The present comparison is based upon monthly averages, constructed from daily images of each data set for the period between 1984 and 1990, a period that excludes contamination from volcanic eruptions. The comparison focuses upon the Northern Hemisphere subtropical Atlantic Ocean, where soil dust aerosols make the largest contribution to the aerosol load, and are assumed to dominate the variability of each data set. While each retrieval is sensitive to a different aerosol radiative property - absorption for the TOMS AI versus reflectance for the AVHRR AOT - the seasonal cycles of dust loading implied by each retrieval are consistent, if seasonal variations in the height of the aerosol layer are taken into account when interpreting the TOMS AI. On interannual time scales, the correlation is low at most locations. It is suggested that the poor interannual correlation is at least partly a consequence of data availability. When the monthly averages are constructed using only days common to both data sets, the correlation is substantially increased: this consistency suggests that both TOMS and AVHRR accurately measure the aerosol load in any given scene. However, the two retrievals have only a few days in common per month so that these restricted monthly averages have a large uncertainty. Calculations suggest that at least 7 to 10 daily images are needed to estimate reliably the average dust load during any particular month, a threshold that is rarely satisfied by the AVHRR AOT due to the presence of clouds in the domain. By rebinning each data set onto a coarser grid, the availability of

Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane on rare-earth oxide-based catalysts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buyevskaya, O.; Baerns, M. [Institut fuer Angewandte Chemie Berlin-Adlershof e.V., Berlin (Germany)

1998-12-31

Results on the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane on rare-earth oxide (REO) based catalysts (Na-P-Sm-O, Sm-Sr(Ca)-O, La-Sr-O and Nd-Sr-O) are described. Oxygen adsorption was found to be a key factor which determines the activity of this type of catalysts. Continuous flow experiments in the presence of catalysts which reveal strong oxygen adsorption showed that the reaction mixture is ignited resulting in an enhanced heat generation at the reactor inlet. The heat produced by the oxidative reactions was sufficient under the conditions chosen for the endothermic thermal pyrolysis which takes place preferentially in the gas phase. Ignition of the reaction mixture is an important catalyst function. Contrary to non-catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation, reaction temperatures above 700 C could be achieved without significant external heat input. Ethylene yields of up to 34-45% (S=66-73%) were obtained on REO-based catalysts under non-isothermal conditions (T{sub max}=810-865 C) at contact times in the order of 30 to 40 ms. (orig.)

Combustion Synthesis of Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3-x and La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-x Nanopowders for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes

Science.gov (United States)

Bansal, Narottam P.; Zhong, zhimin

2005-01-01

Nanopowders of Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO(3-x) (SSC) and La0.6Sr0.4CoO(3-x) (LSC) compositions, which are being investigated as cathode materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells, were synthesized by a solution-combustion method using metal nitrates and glycine as fuel. Development of crystalline phases in the as-synthesized powders after heat treatments at various temperatures was monitored by x-ray diffraction. Perovskite phase in LSC formed more readily than in SSC. Single phase perovskites were obtained after heat treatment of the combustion synthesized LSC and SSC powders at 1000 and 1200 C, respectively. The as-synthesized powders had an average particle size of 12 nm as determined from x-ray line broadening analysis using the Scherrer equation. Average grain size of the powders increased with increase in calcination temperature. Morphological analysis of the powders calcined at various temperatures was done by scanning electron microscopy.

Subsolidus phase relations of the SrO–SbOx–CuO system at 1140K in air

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Grivel, J.-C.; Norby, Poul; Andersen, Niels Hessel

2014-01-01

The subsolidus phase relations of the SrO–SbOx–CuO system were investigated in air. The samples were equilibrated at 1140K. Under these conditions, 7 binary oxide phases are stable: Sr2CuO3, SrCuO2, Sr14Cu24O41−δ, CuSb2O6, SrSb2O6, Sr2Sb2O7 and Sr7Sb2O12. The ternary section contains 10 three...

Phases and structural characteristics of high Tc superconducting oxide in (Bi, Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, Zuyano; Li, Zhengrong; Qian, Yitai; Zhou, Quien; Cheng, Tingzhu

1989-01-01

The various phases, which are responsible for variant maximum d-value including 18.5 angstrom, 15.4 angstrom, 12.2 angstrom, 6.2 angstrom, 3.2 angstrom and possible 9.1 angstrom respectively, observed in high Tc superconducting complex oxide of (Bi,Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system are reported in this paper according to the result of X-ray diffraction on platelike crystals or crystallites synthesized under different preparation conditions. The phase of tetragonal system with c=3.21 angstrom, a=3.86 angstrom is possible parent structural unit and it is of great significance to the structure constitution of various phases with large lattice parameter c and structural characteristics of superconducting oxide. In view of the above a model of two-dimension stack-up which causes a stack in variant styles along c-axis and constitute various phases with different lattice parameter c is proposed and discussed

Chemical stability of La_0.6Sr_0.4CoO_3−δ in oxygen permeation applications under exposure to N₂ and CO₂

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Esposito, Vincenzo; Søgaard, Martin; Hendriksen, Peter Vang

2012-01-01

Phase stability and chemical reactivity of (La0.6Sr0.4)0.99CoO3−δ (LSC64) was tested in oxidative (pO2= 0.21 atm) and slightly reducing conditions (pO2~10−5 atm), as well as in carbon dioxide (pO2~10−4 atm) to evaluate the material performance for oxygen separation technologies. Thin film LSC64 o...... and chemical history of the samples. A flux of 4–6 Nml min−1 cm−2 in the temperature range of 800–900 °C was demonstrated for optimized membranes and conditions. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.......Phase stability and chemical reactivity of (La0.6Sr0.4)0.99CoO3−δ (LSC64) was tested in oxidative (pO2= 0.21 atm) and slightly reducing conditions (pO2~10−5 atm), as well as in carbon dioxide (pO2~10−4 atm) to evaluate the material performance for oxygen separation technologies. Thin film LSC64...... measurements in air, N2 and CO2. Under mild reduction LSC64 partly decomposes to a K2NiF4-type phase (i.e. (La,Sr)2CoO4), and Co-oxide, and under high pCO2 forms SrCO3. The latter is found to impair membrane performance. Electrical properties and oxygen permeation (jO2) in thin membranes depend on the thermal...

Oxide nanomaterials: synthetic developments, mechanistic studies, and technological innovations.

Science.gov (United States)

Patzke, Greta R; Zhou, Ying; Kontic, Roman; Conrad, Franziska

2011-01-24

Oxide nanomaterials are indispensable for nanotechnological innovations, because they combine an infinite variety of structural motifs and properties with manifold morphological features. Given that new oxide materials are almost reported on a daily basis, considerable synthetic and technological work remains to be done to fully exploit this ever increasing family of compounds for innovative nano-applications. This calls for reliable and scalable preparative approaches to oxide nanomaterials and their development remains a challenge for many complex nanostructured oxides. Oxide nanomaterials with special physicochemical features and unusual morphologies are still difficult to access by classic synthetic pathways. The limitless options for creating nano-oxide building blocks open up new technological perspectives with the potential to revolutionize areas ranging from data processing to biocatalysis. Oxide nanotechnology of the 21st century thus needs a strong interplay of preparative creativity, analytical skills, and new ideas for synergistic implementations. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Strain Induced Magnetism in SrRuO3 Epitaxial Thin Films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grutter, A.; Wong, F.; Arenholz, E.; Liberati, M.; Suzuki, Y.

2010-01-10

Epitaxial SrRuO{sub 3} thin films were grown on SrTiO{sub 3}, (LaAlO{sub 3}){sub 0.3}(SrAlO{sub 3}){sub 0.7} and LaAlO{sub 3} substrates inducing different biaxial compressive strains. Coherently strained SrRuO{sub 3} films exhibit enhanced magnetization compared to previously reported bulk and thin film values of 1.1-1.6 {micro}{sub B} per formula unit. A comparison of (001) and (110) SrRuO{sub 3} films on each substrate indicates that films on (110) oriented have consistently higher saturated moments than corresponding (001) films. These observations indicate the importance of lattice distortions in controlling the magnetic ground state in this transitional metal oxide.

Synthesis, crystal structure, and ionic conductivity of novel Ruddlesden-Popper related phases, Li4Sr3Nb5.77Fe0.23O19.77 and Li4Sr3Nb6O20

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bhuvanesh, N.S.P.; Crosnier-Lopez, M.P.; Bohnke, O.; Emery, J.; Fourquet, J.L.

1999-01-01

The authors have synthesized two new lithium-containing oxides which are related to Ruddlesden-Popper phases, Li 4 Sr 3 Nb 5.77 Fe 0.23 O 19.77 and Li 4 Sr 3 Nb 6 O 20 , with partial occupancy of the 12-coordinated sites by Sr, for the first time by direct solid-state reaction. While the single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data indicate that these oxides crystallize in tetragonal cells (space group I4/mmm; a = 3.9585(2) angstrom, c = 25.915(3) angstrom and a = 3.953(2) angstrom, c = 26.041(5) angstrom for the respective oxides), the electron diffraction of some of the crystallites shows supercell reflections with a ∼ √2a p , c ∼ 25.9 angstrom, probably indicating a twisting of the NbO 6 octahedra in the ab-plane. Although, these oxides show no significant lithium ionic conduction at room temperature, they show distinct conductivity values at elevated temperatures

Subsolidus Phase Relations of the SrO-In2O3-CuO System in Air

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Grivel, Jean-Claude; Thydén, Karl Tor Sune

2013-01-01

The subsolidus phase relations of the SrO-In2O3-CuO system were investigated at 900 °C in air. Under these conditions, five binary oxide phases are stable: Sr2CuO3, SrCuO2, Sr14Cu24O41, In2Cu2O5 and SrIn2O4. The pseudo-ternary section is characterised by six three-phase regions and is dominated...

Strain-Mediated Inverse Photoresistivity in SrRuO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3Superlattices

KAUST Repository

Liu, Heng-Jui

2015-12-09

© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. In the pursuit of novel functionalities by utilizing the lattice degree of freedom in complex oxide heterostructure, the control mechanism through direct strain manipulation across the interfaces is still under development, especially with various stimuli, such as electric field, magnetic field, light, etc. In this study, the superlattices consisting of colossal-magnetoresistive manganites La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) and photostrictive SrRuO3 (SRO) have been designed to investigate the light-dependent controllability of lattice order in the corresponding functionalities and rich interface physics. Two substrates, SrTiO3 (STO) and LaAlO3 (LAO), have been employed to provide the different strain environments to the superlattice system, in which the LSMO sublayers exhibit different orbital occupations. Subsequently, by introducing light, we can modulate the strain state and orbital preference of LSMO sublayers through light-induced expansion of SRO sublayers, leading to surprisingly opposite changes in photoresistivity. The observed photoresistivity decreases in the superlattice grown on STO substrate while increases in the superlattice grown on LAO substrate under light illumination. This work has presented a model system that demonstrates the manipulation of orbital-lattice coupling and the resultant functionalities in artificial oxide superlattices via light stimulus. A fascinating model system of optic-driven functionalities has been achieved by artificial superlattices consisting of manganite La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) and photostrictive SrRuO3 (SRO). With design of different initial strain and orbital states in superlattices, we can even control the photoresistivity of the superlattices in an opposite trend that cannot be achieved in pure single film.

Preparation of Sr2(MgMo)1-xRuxO6 ceramics for use in a solid oxide fuel cell anode

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bezerra, Matheus Eiji Ohno; Florio, Daniel Zanetti de; Fonseca, Fabio Coral

2016-01-01

Full text: Solid Oxide Fuel Cells are the most efficient devices known for the direct conversion of fuels into electric energy. Such devices have advanced steadily and are already available for specific applications such as portable power and residential stationary generation. The main objective of this work is the development of anodes for SOFC operating directly with renewable fuels, without the addition of water and using strategic fuels such as ethanol and natural gas. Specifically, a family of mixed ionic-electronic compounds has been investigated: the double perovskites with compositions Sr 2 (MgMo) 1-x Ru x O 6 with x = 0; 1; 2; 5; 10 e 20 at.%. This material has been synthesized by polymeric precursor method. The resins were prepared by combining stoichiometric amounts of the starting solutions. The resulting solution was heated treated under magnetic stirring. The thermal decomposition of the polymeric resin was studied by means of simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry up to 1500 °C with heating and cooling rates of 10 °/min in Ar. The thermal decomposition result shows mass loss up to, approximately, 900 °C. However X-ray diffraction analyses of the powder heat treated at 900 °C and 1200 °C presents a considerable content of an undesiderate phase (SrMoO 4 ). According to the literature for similar compounds a thermal treatment under reduction conditions could be necessary to obtain the double perovskites single phase. After this treatment the material will be characterized regarding its electrical properties. The expected results will contribute to advance both the understanding of the mixed ionic electronic ceramics and the SOFC technology using renewable fuels. (author)

Phase transformation of the brownmillerite SrCoO{sub 2.5} thin film through alkaline water electrolysis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tambunan, Octolia Togibasa; Lee, Min Young; Kim, Deok Hyeon; Parwanta, Kadek Juliana; Jung, Chang Uk [Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin (Korea, Republic of)

2014-06-15

A phase transformation from insulating brownmillerite SrCoO{sub 2.5} to conducting perovskite SrCoO{sub 3} through electrochemical oxidation has been demonstrated for thin films of SrCoO{sub x} on a SrTiO{sub 3} (001) substrate. The cobalt-oxide film strongly favors the brownmillerite phase of SrCoO{sub 2.5} instead of the perovskite phase of SrCoO{sub 3} on a SrTiO{sub 3} (001) substrate due to its low lattice mismatch. Therefore, the phase transformation has its own retention. The alkaline water electrolysis occurs between the copper cathode and the SrCoO{sub 2.5} film anode. The H{sup +} ions are attracted to the cathode and generate H{sub 2} gas. The OH{sup -} ions are attracted to the film's surface and generate a rich amount of oxygen to fill the oxygen vacancy channel of brownmillerite SrCoO{sub 2.5}. The phase transformation was verified from the change in the out-of-plane lattice constant and the change in the resistivity of the electrolyzed film.

Investigation of novel solid oxide fuel cell cathodes based on impregnation of SrTixFe1-xO3-δ into ceria-based backbones

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brinch-Larsen, Mathias; Søgaard, Martin; Hjelm, Johan

2013-01-01

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathodes were prepared by impregnating the nitrates corresponding to SrTixFe1-xO3-δ (STF), x= 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4 and 0.5, into a porous backbone of Ce 0.9Gd0.1O2-δ (CGO). STF was chosen as very high oxygen surface exchange rate, high ionic conductivity and electroc......Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathodes were prepared by impregnating the nitrates corresponding to SrTixFe1-xO3-δ (STF), x= 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4 and 0.5, into a porous backbone of Ce 0.9Gd0.1O2-δ (CGO). STF was chosen as very high oxygen surface exchange rate, high ionic conductivity...... backbone. All prepared electrodes were characterized as symmetric cells using impedance spectroscopy. Within the investigated series the infiltrate with x = 0.1 (STF10) showed the best performance with an area specific resistance (ASR) of ASR ≈ 6.4 Ω cm2 (STF10) at 600°C in air. The relatively poor...

Investigation of strontium and uranium sorption onto zirconium-antimony oxide/polyacrylonitrile (Zr-Sb oxide/PAN) composite using experimental design

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cakir, Pelin; Inan, Suleyman, E-mail: suleyman.inan@ege.edu.tr; Altas, Yuksel

2014-04-01

Highlights: • We model Sr{sup 2+} and UO{sub 2}{sup 2+} sorption onto Zr-Sb oxide/PAN composite. • Central composite design was separately employed for Sr{sup 2+} and UO{sub 2}{sup 2+} sorption. • The model F values indicate that both models are statistically significant. • All of the single factors were determined as significant for the sorption of Sr{sup 2+} and UO{sub 2}{sup 2+}. • Zr-Sb oxide/PAN can be used effectively for Sr{sup 2+} and UO{sub 2}{sup 2+} removal from acidic solutions. - Abstract: A study on the sorption of strontium (Sr{sup 2+}) and uranium (UO{sub 2}{sup 2+}) onto zirconium-antimony oxide/PAN (Zr-Sb oxide/PAN) composite was conducted. The zirconium-antimony oxide was synthesized and was then turned into composite spheres by mixing it with polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The single and combined effects of independent variables such as initial pH, temperature, initial ion concentration and contact time on the sorption of Sr{sup 2+} and UO{sub 2}{sup 2+} were separately analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). Central composite design (CCD) was separately employed for Sr{sup 2+} and UO{sub 2}{sup 2+} sorption. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that all of the single effects found statistically significant on the sorption of Sr{sup 2+} and UO{sub 2}{sup 2+}. Probability F-values (F = 2.45 × 10{sup −08} and F = 9.63 × 10{sup −12} for Sr{sup 2+} and UO{sub 2}{sup 2+}, respectively) and correlation coefficients (R{sup 2} = 0.96 for Sr{sup 2+} and R{sup 2} = 0.98 for UO{sub 2}{sup 2+}) indicate that both models fit the experimental data well. At optimum sorption conditions Sr{sup 2+} and UO{sub 2}{sup 2+} sorption capacities of the composite were found as 39.78 and 60.66 mg/g, respectively. Sorption isotherm data pointed out that Langmuir model is more suitable for the Sr{sup 2+} sorption, whereas the sorption of UO{sub 2}{sup 2+} was correlated well with the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Thermodynamic parameters such as �

Rapid and efficient visible light photocatalytic dye degradation using AFe2O4 (A = Ba, Ca and Sr) complex oxides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vijayaraghavan, T.; Suriyaraj, S.P.; Selvakumar, R.; Venkateswaran, R.; Ashok, Anuradha

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Alkaline earth ferrites AFe 2 O 4 (A = Ba, Ca and Sr) were synthesized by sol–gel method. • Visible light photocatalytic activity of these ferrites were studied using congo red dye degradation. • BaFe 2 O 4 exhibited the best photocatalytic activity under visible light (xenon lamp) irradiation; CaFe 2 O 4 was the best photocatalyst under natural sun light irradiation. - Abstract: Photocatalytic activity of spinel type complex oxides has been investigated in this study. Alkaline earth ferrites AFe 2 O 4 (A = Ba, Ca, Sr) were synthesized by sol–gel method. Structural characterizations reveal that the synthesized ferrites have orthorhombic crystal structures with different space groups and cell dimensions when they have different alkaline earth metals in their A site. All the synthesized ferrites exhibited their bandgap in the range 2.14–2.19 eV. Their photocatalytic activities were studied using congo red dye under sunlight and xenon lamp radiation. The substitution of Ba, Ca and Sr at A site of these ferrites had varying impact on dye degradation process. Under xenon lamp irradiation, BaFe 2 O 4 exhibited the highest percentage of dye degradation (92% after 75 min). However, CaFe 2 O 4 showed the fastest degradation of the dye (70% within 15 min). In the absence of irradiation, SrFe 2 O 4 showed the highest dye adsorption (44% after 75 min).

Review of SR 97

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Voss, C.I.

2000-01-01

The safety analysis conducted by SKB for SR 97 is impressive in terms of both scale and content. In addition to an eventual solution to Sweden's nuclear waste isolation question, much general scientific knowledge of real value in other applications will be created as a by-product of SKB's efforts. This review focuses on those geoscience aspects of SR 97 that have the most important effects on radionuclide release from each barrier. Indeed, SR 97 elucidates the most important geoscience parameters that control releases from the near field and the far field; these comprise mainly the transport resistance parameter, and the sorption coefficients for each nuclide, the matrix diffusion coefficient, and the Darcy flux. The Main Report is the most important document in SR 97 inasmuch as it is the only one that brings together all of the supporting work to answer the question of safety. Unfortunately pervading the good supporting work done is the impression that the Main Report is not balanced, that it emphasizes optimistic aspects and downplays the negative. SKB specifies 3 main requirements to guarantee proper repository function: a non-oxidizing subsurface environment, temperatures less than 100 C, and a mechanically stable low-permeability buffer surrounding the canisters. The first and third requirements are not thoroughly proven by SKB. One source of near-field doubt stems from the consequences of combinations of scenarios in which several negative events are linked, while the effect of each scenario is mainly evaluated only independently in SR 97. More pertinently, disastrous breakdown of complex systems may occur due to a chain of linked failures. For example, in the glacial scenario: high ground-water flow (possible ablation of buffer and high fluid transport), change in ground-water chemistry (even the possibility of oxidizing conditions), new flow paths, significant changes in mechanical stress and possible motion along faults (which may also generate new flow

Extraction of cobalt ion using reverse-micelle of F-AOT in liquid/supercritical CO{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ko, M. S.; Jin, Y. W.; Kim, J. R.; Park, K. H.; Kim, H. D.; Kim, H. W. [Kyunghee Univ., Youngin (Korea, Republic of)

2002-05-01

A green decontamination method using CO{sub 2} as an environmentally benign solvent has been studied for removal of contaminant in the nuclear power plant. We developed a decontamination technique using CO{sub 2} for removal of contamination in working dresses. Owing to the low solubilizing, A reverse micelle system was developed. Fluorinated AOT was synthesized and used as surfactants forming reverse-micelle with water. Cobalt was extracted by dissolution into reverse-micelle in liquid CO{sub 2}. If this decontamination technique is applied to nuclear industry, the secondary waste during decontamination will be reverentially reduced. Negligibly small amount of water is a net waste, while the surfactants and solvent CO{sub 2} are recovered and reused in the system.

Structural and chemical reactivity modifications of a cobalt perovskite induced by Sr-substitution. An in situ XAS study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hueso, Jose L.; Holgado, Juan P.; Pereñíguez, Rosa; Gonzalez-DelaCruz, V.M.; Caballero, Alfonso

2015-01-01

LaCoO 3 and La 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3−δ perovskites have been studied by in situ Co K-edge XAS. Although the partial substitution of La(III) by Sr(II) species induces an important increase in the catalytic oxidation activity and modifies the electronic state of the perovskite, no changes could be detected in the oxidation state of cobalt atoms. So, maintaining the electroneutrality of the perovskite requires the generation of oxygen vacancies in the network. The presence of these vacancies explains that the substituted perovskite is now much more reducible than the original LaCoO 3 perovskite. As detected by in situ XAS, after a consecutive reduction and oxidation treatment, the original crystalline structure of the LaCoO 3 perovskite is maintained, although in a more disordered state, which is not the case for the Sr doped perovskite. So, the La 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3−δ perovskite submitted to the same hydrogen reduction treatment produces metallic cobalt, while as determined by in situ XAS spectroscopy the subsequent oxidation treatment yields a Co(III) oxide phase with spinel structure. Surprisingly, no Co(II) species are detected in this new spinel phase. - Highlights: • A Sr-substituted lanthanum cobalt perovskite has been prepared by spray pyrolysis. • It has been established that Co(III) cations are present in both perovskites. • LaCoO 3 is a less reducible phase than the substituted La 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3−δ . • After reoxidation of reduced La 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3−δ , a 100% Co(III) spinel is obtained

Ba{sub y}Sr{sub 1−y}TiO{sub 3} buffer layers for strain tuning of infinite-layer Sr{sub 1−x}La{sub x}CuO{sub 2} thin films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sakuma, Keita, E-mail: sakuma.keita@d.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp; Ito, Masataka; He, Yilun; Hajiri, Tetsuya; Ueda, Kenji; Asano, Hidefumi

2016-08-01

We report on the precise tuning of lattice strain in an infinite-layer electron-doped high temperature superconductor Sr{sub 1−x}La{sub x}CuO{sub 2} (SLCO; a{sub SLCO} = 0.3949 nm for x = 0.1), which is a perovskite-related oxide, using perovskite BaTiO{sub 3}–SrTiO{sub 3} (BSTO; Ba{sub y}Sr{sub 1−y}TiO{sub 3}) buffer layers. The BSTO buffer layers formed on (001) (La{sub 0.18}Sr{sub 0.82})(Al{sub 0.59}Ta{sub 0.41})O{sub 3} substrates by magnetron sputtering were fully relaxed with high crystalline quality due to high oxygen partial pressure deposition and post annealing at 950 °C. The lattice constants of the BSTO buffer layers could be controlled in the range of 0.3926–0.3973 nm by changing the Ba content (y = 0.2–0.7). These BSTO buffer layers allow coherent growth of SLCO thin films, and a clear dependence of the superconducting transition temperature on the lattice strain was observed. The fabrication of these BSTO/superconductor heterostructures may provide novel devices composed of functional perovskite thin films, in addition to a general approach for the precise control of lattice strain in functional perovskite thin films. - Highlights: • Ba{sub y}Sr{sub 1−y}TiO{sub 3} buffer layers were developed for the strain tuning of perovskite-related oxides. • Strain effect in Sr{sub 1−x}La{sub x}CuO{sub 2} was investigated by using Ba{sub y}Sr{sub 1−y}TiO{sub 3} buffer layers. • Ba{sub y}Sr{sub 1−y}TiO{sub 3} buffer layers can be used to tune the strain in other perovskite oxides.

Surface structural reconstruction of SrVO3 thin films on SrTiO3 (001)

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Gaomin; Saghayezhian, Mohammad; Chen, Lina; Guo, Hangwen; Zhang, Jiandi

Paramagnetic metallic oxide SrVO3>(SVO) is an itinerant system known to undergo thickness-induced metal-insulator-transition (MIT) in ultrathin film form, which makes it a prototype system for the study of the mechanism behind metal-insulator-transition like structure distortion, electron correlations and disorder-induced localization. We have grown SrVO3 thin film with atomically flat surface through the layer-by-layer deposition by laser Molecular Beam Epitaxy (laser-MBE) on SrTiO3 (001) surface. Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) measurements reveal that there is a (√2X √2) R45°surface reconstruction independent of film thickness. By using LEED-I(V) structure refinement, we determine the surface structure. In combination with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), we discuss the implication on the MIT in ultrathin films below 2-3 unit cell thickness. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under the NSF EPSCoR Cooperative Agreement No. EPS-1003897 with additional support from the Louisiana Board of Regents.

Decomposition pathways of polytetrafluoroethylene by co-grinding with strontium/calcium oxides.

Science.gov (United States)

Qu, Jun; He, Xiaoman; Zhang, Qiwu; Liu, Xinzhong; Saito, Fumio

2017-06-01

Waste polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) could be easily decomposed by co-grinding with inorganic additive such as strontium oxide (SrO), strontium peroxide (SrO 2 ) and calcium oxide (CaO) by using a planetary ball mill, in which the fluorine was transformed into nontoxic inorganic fluoride salts such as strontium fluoride (SrF 2 ) or calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ). Depending on the kind of additive as well as the added molar ratio, however, the reaction mechanism of the decomposition was found to change, with different compositions of carbon compounds formed. CO gas, the mixture of strontium carbonate (SrCO 3 ) and carbon, only SrCO 3 were obtained as reaction products respectively with equimolar SrO, excess SrO and excess SrO 2 to the monomer unit CF 2 of PTFE were used. Excess amount of CaO was needed to effectively decompose PTFE because of its lower reactivity compared with strontium oxide, but it promised practical applications due to its low cost.

Investigation of structural and electrochemical properties of LaSrCo{sub 1−x}Sb{sub x}O{sub 4} (0≤x≤0.20) as potential cathode materials in intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Junkai; Zhou, Jun, E-mail: zhoujun@mail.xjtu.edu.cn; Fan, Weiwei; Wang, Wendong; Wu, Kai; Cheng, Yonghong

2017-03-15

The structural and electrochemical properties of the layered perovskite oxides LaSrCo{sub 1−x}Sb{sub x}O{sub 4} (0≤x≤0.20) were investigated to study the effects of substituting Sb for Co for application as cathode materials in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). The results of crystal structure analyses show the maximum content of Sb in LaSrCo{sub 1−x}Sb{sub x}O{sub 4} to be 0.05 as a pure single phase. XPS shows that Co and Sb in LaSrCo{sub 0.95}Sb{sub 0.05}O{sub 4} may possess mixed-oxidation states. The electrical conductivity increased greatly after Sb substitution. An improvement in the cathode polarization (R{sub p}) values is observed from the Sb-doped sample with respect to the undoped samples. For example, R{sub p} of LaSrCo{sub 0.95}Sb{sub 0.05}O{sub 4} on LSGM was observed to be 0.16 Ω cm{sup 2} at 800 °C in air. The main rate-limiting step for LaSrCo{sub 0.95}Sb{sub 0.05}O{sub 4} cathode is charge transfer of oxygen atoms. These results indicate that Sb can be incorporated into LaSrCo{sub 1−x}Sb{sub x}O{sub 4} based materials and can have a beneficial effect on the performance, making them potentially suitable for use as cathode materials in IT-SOFCs. - Graphical abstract: The oxygen partial pressure dependence of polarization resistances for a new layered perovskite cathode LaSrCo{sub 0.95}Sb{sub 0.05}O{sub 4} at various temperatures was measured. - Highlights: • The maximum content of Sb was 0.05 mol in LaSrCo{sub 1−x}Sb{sub x}O{sub 4}. • The maximum electrical conductivity is 194 S cm{sup −1}for LaSrCo{sub 0.95}Sb{sub 0.05}O{sub 4} at 800 °C. • A rate-limiting process of charge transfer presented.

Diversity of hydrogen configuration and its roles in SrTiO3−δ

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yoshiki Iwazaki

2014-01-01

Full Text Available As a source of carrier electron, various configurations of hydrogen in SrTiO3 are searched by using first-principles calculations. The most stable form of hydrogen is found to be H−, where doubly charged oxygen vacancy VO2+ changes into singly charged HO+. Most importantly, an additional H− is found to be weakly trapped by HO+, which completely neutralizes carrier electrons by forming (2HO0. These unexpected behaviors of hydrogen, which can explain reported experimental results, expand the role of the hydrogen in carrier-control technology in transition-metal oxides.

Radiochemical schemes of obtaining 89Sr and 90Y radionuclides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Usarov, Z. O.

2010-03-01

Key words: strontium-89, yttrium-90, extraction and extraction-chromatographic purification of radionuclides, radiopharmaceuticals. Subjects of research: strontium-89 and yttrium-90 radionuclides and their chloride forms. Purpose of work is developing of radiochemical technologies on obtaining of 89 Sr and 90 Y on the WWR-SM reactor with high radionuclide purity. Methods of research: extraction and extraction-chromatographic methods of radionuclides separation, beta- and gamma-spectrometric methods of activity measuring. The results obtained and their novelty: Were determined the conformity to laws of Y and Sr distribution in two-phase systems TBP-HNO 3 , TBP-NH 4 NO 3 , TBP-HCI, HDEHP-NO 3 , HDEHP-NH 4 NO 3 and HDEHP-HCI. Were determined the conformity to laws of Y and Sr distribution in systems with craun ethers DB-18K-6 and DTBDB-18K-6 from water solutions of HNO 3 . Radiochemical technologies on obtaining of 89 Sr and 90 Y radionuclides including radiochemical process of yttrium target with using the systems TBP-HNO 3 and HDEHP/Teflone were developed. Practical value: the radiochemical technology of obtaining 89 Sr with high radionuclide purity was developed. The method of preparation a chloride compound of 89 SrCl 2 which is used as a drug form for preparation of 89 Sr- 'Metastron' was developed. The relatively simple method of on the way obtaining 90 Y in the reactor with high radionuclidic purity that is useful for follow using in medical practice was offered. Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the developed technologies have approbation in manufacturing conditions in Radiopreparat Enterprise of INP AS RU and were offered for receiving of domestic preparations against of import foreign analogues. The statement about using the invention by obtained patent is attached to dissertation. Field of application: the received results will be introduced in manufacture at Radiopreparat Enterprise of INP AS RU for receiving of domestic preparations

Resistance change effect in SrTiO3/Si (001) isotype heterojunction

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Xiushi; Gao, Zhaomeng; Li, Pei; Wang, Longfei; Liu, Xiansheng; Zhang, Weifeng; Guo, Haizhong

2018-02-01

Resistance switching has been observed in double and multi-layer structures of ferroelectric films. The higher switching ratio opens up a vast path for emerging ferroelectric semiconductor devices. An n-n+ isotype heterojunction has been fabricated by depositing an oxide SrTiO3 layer on a conventional n-type Si (001) substrate (SrTiO3/Si) by pulsed laser disposition. Rectification and resistive switching behaviors in the n-n+ SrTiO3/Si heterojunction were observed by a conductive atomic force microscopy, and the n-n+ SrTiO3/Si heterojunction exhibits excellent endurance and retention characteristics. The possible mechanism was proposed based on the band structure of the n-n+ SrTiO3/Si heterojunction, and the observed electrical behaviors could be attributed to the modulation effect of the electric field reversal on the width of accumulation and the depletion region, as well as the height of potential of the n-n+ junction formed at the STO/Si interface. Moreover, oxygen vacancies are also indicated to play a crucial role in causing insulator to semiconductor transition. These results open the way to potential application in future microelectronic devices based on perovskite oxide layers on conventional semiconductors.

Assessment of the Mechanisms for Sr-90 and TRU Removal from Complexant-Containing Tank Wastes at Hanford

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hallen, Richard T.; Geeting, John GH; Lilga, Michael A.; Hart, Todd R.; Hoopes, Francis V.

2005-01-01

Small-scale tests (∼20 mL) were conducted with samples from Hanford underground storage tanks AN-102 and AN-107 to assess the mechanisms for removing Sr-90 and transuranics (TRU) from the liquid (supernatant) portion of the waste. The Sr-90 and TRU must be removed (decontaminated), in addition to Cs-137 and the entrained solids, before the supernatant can be disposed of as low-activity waste. Experiments were conducted with various reagents and modified Sr/TRU removal process conditions to more fully understand the reaction mechanisms. The optimized treatment conditions--no added hydroxide, addition of Sr (0.02M target concentration) followed by sodium permanganate (0.02M target concentration) with mixing at ambient temperature--were used as a reference for comparison. The waste was initially two orders of magnitude undersaturated with Sr; the addition of nonradioactive Sr(NO?) ? saturated the supernatant, resulting in isotopic dilution and precipitation of Sr-90 as SrCO?. The reaction chemistry of Mn species relevant to the mechanism of TRU removal by permanganate treatment was evaluated, along with the importance of various mechanisms for decontamination, such as precipitation, absorption, ligand exchange, and oxidation of organic complexants. For TRU removal, permanganate addition generally gave the highest DF. The addition of Mn of lower oxidation states (II, IV, and VI) also resulted in good TRU removal, as did complexant oxidation with periodate and addition of Zr(IV) for ligand exchange. These results suggest that permanganate treatment leads to TRU removal by multiple routes

Strontium (Sr) separation from seawater using titanate adsorbents: Effects of seawater matrix ions on Sr sorption behavior

Science.gov (United States)

Ryu, Jungho; Hong, Hye-jin; Ryu, Taegong; Park, In-Su

2017-04-01

Strontium (Sr) which has many industrial applications such as ferrite magnet, ceramic, and fire works exists in seawater with the concentration of approximately 7 mg/L. In previous report estimating economic potential on recovery of various elements from seawater in terms of their commercial values and concentrations in seawater, Sr locates upper than approximate break-even line, which implies Sr recovery from seawater can be potentially profitable. Recently, Sr separation from seawater has received great attention in the environmental aspect after Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) accident which released much amount of radioactive Sr and Cs. Accordingly, the efficient separation of radioactive elements released to seawater has become critical as an important technological need as well as their removal from radioactive wastes. So far, it has been introduced to separate Sr from aqueous media by various methods including solvent extraction, adsorption by solid materials, and ion exchange. Among them, the adsorption technique using solid adsorbents is of great interest for selectively separating Sr from seawater with respect to low concentration level of Sr. In this study, we synthesized titanate nanotube (TiNT) by simple hydrothermal reaction, characterized its physicochemical properties, and systematically evaluated Sr sorption behavior under various reaction conditions corresponding to seawater environment. The synthesized TiNT exhibited the fibril-type nanotube structure with high specific surface area of 260 m2/g. The adsorption of Sr on TiNT rapidly occurred following pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and was in good agreement with Langmuir isotherm model, indicating maximum adsorption capacity of 97 mg/g. Based on Sr uptake and Na release with stoichiometric balance, sorption mechanism of Sr on TiNT was found to be ion-exchange between Na in TiNT lattice and Sr in solution phase, which was also confirmed by XRD and Raman analysis. Among competitive ions, Ca

Performance of intermediate temperature (600-800{sup o}C) solid oxide fuel cell based on Sr and Mg doped lanthanum-gallate electrolyte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gong, Wenquan; Gopalan, Srikanth; Pal, Uday B. [Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Boston University, MA 02215 (United States)

2006-09-29

The solid electrolyte chosen for this investigation was La{sub 0.9}Sr{sub 0.1}Ga{sub 0.8}Mg{sub 0.2}O{sub 3} (LSGM). To select appropriate electrode materials from a group of possible candidate materials, AC complex impedance spectroscopy studies were conducted between 600 and 800{sup o}C on symmetrical cells that employed the LSGM electrolyte. Based on the results of the investigation, LSGM electrolyte supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) were fabricated with La{sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0.4}Co{sub 0.8}Fe{sub 0.2}O{sub 3}-La{sub 0.9}Sr{sub 0.1}Ga{sub 0.8}Mg{sub 0.2}O{sub 3} (LSCF-LSGM) composite cathode and nickel-Ce{sub 0.6}La{sub 0.4}O{sub 2} (Ni-LDC) composite anode having a barrier layer of Ce{sub 0.6}La{sub 0.4}O{sub 2} (LDC) between the LSGM electrolyte and the Ni-LDC anode. Electrical performances of these cells were determined and the electrode polarization behavior as a function of cell current was modeled between 600 and 800{sup o}C. (author)

Electrostatic doping of a Mott insulator in an oxide heterostructure: the case of LaVO{sub 3}/SrTiO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mueller, Andreas; Pfaff, Florian; Sing, Michael; Claessen, Ralph [Physikalisches Insititut and Roentgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universitaet Wuerzburg, D-97074 Wuerzburg (Germany); Boschker, Hans; Kamp, Martin; Koster, Gertjan; Rijnders, Guus [Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA-plus Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede (Netherlands)

2012-07-01

The discovery of a quasi-two-dimensional electron system at the interface between the two band insulators LaAlO{sub 3} and SrTiO{sub 3} has triggered intense investigations of oxide heterostructures with other material combinations. The hope is that by combining a polar overlayer with a non-polar substrate electronic reconstruction will lead to highly mobile interface charge carriers with special properties. The formation of a conducting interface layer in epitaxial LaVO{sub 3}/SrTiO{sub 3}, where LaVO{sub 3} is a Mott insulator, is studied by transport measurements and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We identify an insulator-to-metal transition above a critical LaVO{sub 3} thickness with transport properties similar to those recently reported for LaAlO{sub 3}/SrTiO{sub 3} interfaces. Interestingly, our photoemission measurements give evidence that electronic charge is transferred exclusively to the LaVO{sub 3}-side of the interface caused by an electronic reconstruction within the film itself. This opens the opportunity to study a band-filling controlled Mott transition induced by a purely electrostatic mechanism.

Highly efficient and robust cathode materials for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells: PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co(2-x)Fe(x)O(5+δ).

Science.gov (United States)

Choi, Sihyuk; Yoo, Seonyoung; Kim, Jiyoun; Park, Seonhye; Jun, Areum; Sengodan, Sivaprakash; Kim, Junyoung; Shin, Jeeyoung; Jeong, Hu Young; Choi, YongMan; Kim, Guntae; Liu, Meilin

2013-01-01

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are the cleanest, most efficient, and cost-effective option for direct conversion to electricity of a wide variety of fuels. While significant progress has been made in anode materials with enhanced tolerance to coking and contaminant poisoning, cathodic polarization still contributes considerably to energy loss, more so at lower operating temperatures. Here we report a synergistic effect of co-doping in a cation-ordered double-perovskite material, PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co(2-x)Fe(x)O(5+δ), which has created pore channels that dramatically enhance oxygen ion diffusion and surface oxygen exchange while maintaining excellent compatibility and stability under operating conditions. Test cells based on these cathode materials demonstrate peak power densities ~2.2 W cm(-2) at 600°C, representing an important step toward commercially viable SOFC technologies.

Highly efficient and robust cathode materials for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells: PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co2−xFexO5+δ

Science.gov (United States)

Choi, Sihyuk; Yoo, Seonyoung; Kim, Jiyoun; Park, Seonhye; Jun, Areum; Sengodan, Sivaprakash; Kim, Junyoung; Shin, Jeeyoung; Jeong, Hu Young; Choi, YongMan; Kim, Guntae; Liu, Meilin

2013-01-01

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are the cleanest, most efficient, and cost-effective option for direct conversion to electricity of a wide variety of fuels. While significant progress has been made in anode materials with enhanced tolerance to coking and contaminant poisoning, cathodic polarization still contributes considerably to energy loss, more so at lower operating temperatures. Here we report a synergistic effect of co-doping in a cation-ordered double-perovskite material, PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co2−xFexO5+δ, which has created pore channels that dramatically enhance oxygen ion diffusion and surface oxygen exchange while maintaining excellent compatibility and stability under operating conditions. Test cells based on these cathode materials demonstrate peak power densities ~2.2 W cm−2 at 600°C, representing an important step toward commercially viable SOFC technologies. PMID:23945630

Synthesis and characterization of the perovskite Sm{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}CoO{sub 3} for using as cathode in solid oxide fuel cells; Sintese e caracterizacao da provsquita Sm{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}CoO{sub 3} para utilizacao como catodo em celulas a combustivel de oxido solido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Blanco, P.H.L.; Muccillo, R.; Muccillo, E.N.S. [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)], e-mail: enavarro@usp.br

2008-07-01

Solid oxide fuel cells are basically constituted by ceramic materials, a solid electrolyte sandwiched between two electrodes. A number of ceramic materials with perovskite structure have been proposed to act as electrode material due to the combination of their physical and chemical properties along with compatibility with the solid electrolyte. In this work the mixed oxide Sm{sub 0,5}Sr{sub 0,5}CoO{sub 3} was synthesized by the cation complexation technique. This perovskite oxide has been proposed as cathode in solid oxide fuel cells that operates in the intermediate temperature range ({approx} 500 to {approx} 700 deg C). Citric acid was used as complexant agent. The thermal decomposition of the precursor material occurs in several stages up to 600 deg C. After calcinations at 700 deg C the mixed oxide exhibits the characteristic perovskite phase of Sm{sub 0,5} Sr{sub 0,5}CoO{sub 3} the microstructure of the thermally decomposed material consists of porous agglomerates. This technique allowed for obtaining a single phase material at a relatively lower temperature. (author)

Interface control of electronic transport across the magnetic phase transition in SrRuO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Roy, S.; Autieri, C.; Sanyal, B.; Banerjee, T.

2015-01-01

The emerging material class of complex-oxides, where manipulation of physical properties lead to new functionalities at their heterointerfaces, is expected to open new frontiers in Spintronics. For example, SrRuO3 is a promising material where external stimuli like strain, temperature and structural

Legionella under current legislation; Legionella onder de huidige wetgeving

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wolters, J. [Blygold Nederland Group, Houten (Netherlands)

2010-12-15

In 2011 the Dutch legislation concerning Legionella will be subject to change. The legislation aims to reduce the growth of the Legionella bacteria as much as possible. The alternative techniques to suppress and kill Legionella are categorised by the government in the so-called 'ladder of VROM'. New on this list is an apparatus that uses Advance Oxidation Technology, the AOT-Aqua{sup +}, which proves to be very effective and more environment-friendly. [Dutch] In 2011 wordt de Nederlandse wetgeving inzake Legionella verandert. De wetgeving is bedoeld om de groei van de Legionella bacterien zoveel mogelijk te verminderen. De alternatieve technieken waarmee Legionella kunnen worden onderdrukt of gedood zijn gecategoriseerd in de zogenaamde 'ladder van VROM'. Nieuw op deze lijst is een apparaat dat gebruik maakt van Advance Oxidatie Technology. De AOT-Aqua{sup +} blijkt zeer effectief en milieuvriendelijk te zijn.

The ternary post-transition metal carbodiimide SrZn(NCN)2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Corkett, Alex J.; Konze, Philipp M.; Dronskowski, Richard

2017-01-01

SrZn(NCN) 2 , the first example of a ternary post-transition metal carbodiimide, was prepared by a solid-state metathesis reaction. The crystal structure was solved from PXRD data and found to adopt the orthorhombic (Cmcm) BaZnSO structure, a high symmetry modification of that expressed by the oxide analogue SrZnO 2 . Locally, SrZn(NCN) 2 features ZnN 4 tetrahedra and SrN 6 trigonal prisms similar to those in quarternary LiSr 2 M(NCN) 4 (M = Al 3+ and Ga 3+ ) phases, however, the overall topologies are distinct with single chains in the former and double chains in the latter. Electronic structure calculations indicate an indirect bandgap of about 2.95 eV in SrZn(NCN) 2 , slightly lower than the experimentally observed bandgap of 3.4 eV in SrZnO 2 and consistent with a greater degree of covalency. The structural similarities between SrZn(NCN) 2 and oxychalcogenide analogues highlight the pseudochalcogenide character of NCN 2- and suggest that the title compound may serve as a template for accessing novel ternary carbodiimides featuring tetrahedrally coordinated transition metals. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Synthesis of pure and Sr-doped LaGaO3, LaFeO3 and LaCoO3 and Sr,Mg-doped LaGaO3 for ITSOFC application using different wet chemical routes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kumar, M.; Srikanth, S.; Ravikumar, B.; Alex, T.C.; Das, S.K.

2009-01-01

Pure and Sr-doped LaGaO 3 , LaFeO 3 and LaCoO 3 and Sr,Mg-doped LaGaO 3 were synthesized by various wet chemical routes, namely combustion, co-precipitation and citrate-gel methods. The effect of the various process parameters on the phase purity, particle size and surface area and morphology of the synthesized powders were determined by XRD, simultaneous TG-DTA, laser light scattering, BET and scanning electron microscopy. The stability of the synthesized pure phases in oxidizing and reducing atmosphere was also studied by thermogravimetry. It was observed that pure and Sr-doped single perovskite phases of lanthanum ferrite, cobaltite and gallate and Sr,Mg-doped lanthanum gallate could be synthesized by combustion and citrate-gel methods under suitable process conditions. Synthesis using the co-precipitation method yielded incomplete reaction irrespective of the calcination temperature adopted. The citrate-gel method yielded better powder properties in terms of particle size and morphology and surface area compared to combustion synthesis. It was found that pure and Sr-doped lanthanum ferrite, lanthanum cobaltite, lanthanum gallate and Sr,Mg-doped lanthanum gallate were stable in the oxidizing atmosphere. In the reducing atmosphere, pure and Sr-doped lanthanum ferrite and Sr,Mg-doped lanthanum gallate was found to be stable at least during the timeframe of the thermogravimetric experiment whereas pure and Sr-doped lanthanum cobaltite was partially reduced in hydrogen atmosphere

In-flow technology for the determination of Sr-90 concentrations in nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dissing, E.

1982-01-01

Outlines for a future work concerning in-flow surveillance of Sr-90 in nuclear plant process treams have been studied. The many problems involved with the task of on-line Sr-90 determination were approached in two different ways, one applying β-counting of the 64-hour daughter Y-60 with the use of the process stream itself as a Cerenkov scintillator and the other - indirect - using simultaneous measurement of the concentrations of Sr-91 and Sr-92 for the determination of the leakage route for strontium. (Author)

Microstructures and superconducting properties of Y-Ba-Cu and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu oxide wires and coils prepared by the explosive compaction technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hagino, S.; Suzuki, M.; Takeshita, T.; Takashima, K.; Tonda, H.

1989-01-01

It has been shown that explosive compaction technique can be used to densify metal, and ceramics powders and their mixtures. The authors discuss how they applied this technique to produce silver sheathed superconducting oxide wires and coils (Y-B-Cu-O and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O). The wires and coils to be compacted were placed into metal tube and the tube was filled with SiC powder as a pressure propagating medium and the tube was compacted by a cylindrically axisymmetric method. The wires and coils compacted were then heat-treated in order to improve grain boundary connections of superconducting oxide crystalline grains. The oxide cores heat-treated were seen to be very dense, and a part of a Y-Ba-Cu oxide coil which was heat-treated optimally was found to have a critical current density higher than 13,000A/cm 2 at 77K

High-pressure cloud point data for the system glycerol + olive oil + n-butane + AOT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. P. Bender

2008-09-01

Full Text Available This work reports high-pressure cloud point data for the quaternary system glycerol + olive oil + n-butane + AOT surfactant. The static synthetic method, using a variable-volume view cell, was employed for obtaining the experimental data at pressures up to 27 MPa. The effects of glycerol/olive oil concentration and surfactant addition on the pressure transition values were evaluated in the temperature range from 303 K to 343 K. For the system investigated, vapor-liquid (VLE, liquid-liquid (LLE and vapor-liquid-liquid (VLLE equilibrium were recorded. It was experimentally observed that, at a given temperature and surfactant content, an increase in the concentration of glycerol/oil ratio led to a pronounced increase in the slope of the liquid-liquid coexistence curve. A comparison with results reported for the same system but using propane as solvent showed that much lower pressure transition values are obtained when using n-butane.

Structural studies of five layer Aurivillius oxides: A2Bi4Ti5O18 (A=Ca, Sr, Ba and Pb)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ismunandar; Kamiyama, T.; Hoshikawa, A.; Zhou, Q.; Kennedy, B.J.; Kubota, Y.; Kato, K.

2004-01-01

The room temperature structures of the five layer Aurivillius phases A 2 Bi 4 Ti 5 O 18 , (A=Ca, Sr, Ba and Pb) have been refined from powder neutron diffraction data using the Rietveld method. The structures consist of [Bi 2 O 2 ] 2+ layers interleaved with perovskite-like [A 2 Bi 2 Ti 5 O 16 ] 2- blocks. The structures were refined in the orthorhombic space group B2eb (SG. No. 41), Z=4, and the unit cell parameters of the oxides are a=5.4251(2), b=5.4034(1), c=48.486(1); a=5.4650(2), b=5.4625(3), c=48.852(1); a=5.4988(3), b=5.4980(4), c=50.352(1); a=5.4701(2), b=5.4577(2), c=49.643(1) for A=Ca, Sr, Ba and Pb, respectively. The structural features of the compounds were found similar to n=2-4 layers bismuth oxides. The strain caused by mismatch of cell parameter requirements for the [Bi 2 O 2 ] 2+ layers and perovskite-like [A 2 Bi 2 Ti 5 O 16 ] 2- blocks were relieved by tilting of the TiO 6 octahedra. Variable temperature synchrotron X-ray studies for Ca and Pb compounds showed that the orthorhombic structure persisted up to 675 and 475K, respectively. Raman spectra of the compounds are also presented

Heat capacity of SrThO3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kumar, Ginish; Raut, Sheetal; Agarwal, Renu; Mukerjee, S.K.

2016-01-01

Thorium is more abundant in nature than uranium, therefore, it is expected to play an important role in the third stage of Indian nuclear power generation program. An advanced heavy water reactor, with thorium oxide based fuels, is being developed in India, with an aim of utilizing thorium for power generation. Alkaline earth elements, Ba and Sr, with significant fission yield (6.3%), react with fuel and precipitate out as a separate phase. Thermodynamic properties of fuel-fission product compounds are needed to understand behaviour of fuel at high burn-ups, therefore, it was decided to investigate heat capacity of SrThO 3

Layered perovskite PrBa0.5Sr0.5CoCuO5+δ as a cathode for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Biao; Long, Guohui; Ji, Yuan; Pang, Mingjun; Meng, Xiangwei

2014-01-01

Highlights: • A single-phase layered-perovskite PrBa 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoCuO 5+δ (PBSCCu) is prepared by the EDTA–citrate complexing method. • PBSCCu cathode has a good chemical compatible with GDC electrolyte. • Partial substitution of Cu for Co can efficiently lower the thermal expansion coefficient. • Performances of PrBa 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoCuO 5+δ cathode based on Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 1.95 electrolyte is reported firstly. - Abstract: Layered perovskite PrBa 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoCuO 5+δ (PBSCCo) oxide is synthesized by EDTA–citrate complexing method and investigated as a novel cathode material for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). X-ray diffraction results show that PBSCCo is chemical compatible with Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 1.95 (GDC) electrolyte below 950 °C. The thermal expansion coefficient of PBSCCo is 17.58 × 10 −6 K −1 between 30 °C and 900 °C. The maximum electrical conductivity of PBSCCo is 483 S cm −1 at 325 °C. The polarization resistance of PBSCCo cathode on GDC electrolyte is as low as 0.06 Ω cm 2 at 800 °C. The maximum power density of the electrolyte-supported single cell with PBSCCo cathode achieves 521 mW cm −2 at 800 °C. Preliminary results indicate that PBSCCo is a potential cathode material for application in IT-SOFCs

Magnetic susceptibility and relation to initial 87Sr/86Sr for granitoids of the central Sierra Nevada, California

Science.gov (United States)

Bateman, P.C.; Dodge, F.C.W.; Kistler, R.W.

1991-01-01

Measurement of the magnetic susceptibility of more than 6000 samples of granitic rock from the Mariposa 1?? by 2?? quadrangle, which crosses the central part of the Sierra Nevada batholith between 37?? and 38??N latitude, shows that magnetic susceptibility values are above 10-2 SI units in the east and central parts of the batholith and drop abruptly to less than 10-3 SI units in the western foothills. In a narrow transitional zone, intermediate values (10-3 to 10-2) prevail. Magnetic susceptibility appears to decrease slightly westward within the zones of both high and low values. Magnetic susceptibility in plutonic rocks is chiefly a function of the abundance of magnetite, which depends, in turn, on the total iron content of the rocks and their oxidation ratio. Correlations of magnetic susceptibility with initial 87Sr/86Sr suggest that oxidation ratios have been inherited from the source regions for the magmas from which the rocks crystallized. Reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ by organic carbon or other reducing substances may also have affected magnetic susceptibility. -from Authors

Subsolidus phase relations of the SrO–WO3–CuO system at 800 °C in air

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Grivel, Jean-Claude; Norby, Poul

2012-01-01

The subsolidus phase relations of the SrO–WO3–CuO system were investigated in air. The samples were equilibrated at 800 °C. Under these conditions, eight binary oxides are stable. The pseudo-ternary section contains two ternary oxide phases: the previously described Sr2CuWO6 phase as well as a new...

Phase equilibria, crystal structure and properties of complex oxides in the Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}–SrO–CoO system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aksenova, T.V.; Efimova, T.G. [Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Lenin av., 51, Yekaterinburg 620000 (Russian Federation); Lebedev, O.I. [Laboratoire CRISMAT, ENSICAEN UMR6508, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, Cedex 4, Caen 14050 (France); Elkalashy, Sh.I.; Urusova, A.S. [Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Lenin av., 51, Yekaterinburg 620000 (Russian Federation); Cherepanov, V.A., E-mail: v.a.cherepanov@urfu.ru [Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Lenin av., 51, Yekaterinburg 620000 (Russian Federation)

2017-04-15

The phase equilibria in the ½Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}–SrO–CoO system were systematically studied at 1373 K in air. The intermediate phases formed in the ½Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}–SrO–CoO system at 1373 K in air are: Nd{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}CoO{sub 3-δ} (0.0≤x≤0.5 with orthorhombic structure, sp. gr. Pbnm and 0.6≤x≤0.95 whose structure was detected as cubic according to XRD sp. gr. Pm3m, but shown to be tetragonal by TEM due to the oxygen vacancy ordering), Nd{sub 2-y}Sr{sub y}CoO{sub 4-δ} (0.6≤y≤1.1 with tetragonal K{sub 2}NiF{sub 4}-type structure, sp. gr. I4/mmm) and Nd{sub 2-z}Sr{sub z}O{sub 3} (0.0≤z≤0.15 with hexagonal structure, sp. gr. P-3m1). The unit cell parameters for the single phase samples were refined by the Rietveld analysis. The changes of oxygen content in Nd{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}CoO{sub 3-δ} (0.6≤x≤0.95) and Ruddlesden-Popper oxide Nd{sub 2-y}Sr{sub y}CoO{sub 4-δ} were examined by TGA. All were found to be oxygen deficient phases. High-temperature dilatometry allows calculating the thermal expansion coefficient and evaluating the chemical expansion coefficient at high temperature. The projection of isothermal-isobaric phase diagram for the Nd–Sr–Co–O system at 1373 K in air to the compositional triangle of metallic components has been constructed. The phase equilibria in the studied Nd–Sr–Co–O system were compared to La–Sr–Co–O and Nd–M–Co–O (M=Ca and Ba). - Graphical abstract: Crystal structure of vacancy ordered supercell for Nd{sub 0.2}Sr{sub 0.8}CoO{sub 3-δ} and projection of phase diagram for the Nd–Sr–Co–O system onto the triangle edge of metallic components at 1373 K in air. - Highlights: • The diagram for the Nd–Sr–Co–O system at 1373 K in air has been constructed. • The crystal structure of Nd{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}CoO{sub 3-δ} and Nd{sub 2-y}Sr{sub y}CoO{sub 4±δ} was refined. • The formation of superstructure due to the oxygen vacancy ordering was proved. • The changes of oxygen

Structural, optical and gas sensing properties of screen-printed nanostructured Sr-doped SnO2 thick film sensor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shaikh, F.I.; Chikhale, L.P.; Patil, J.Y.; Rajgure, A.V.; Suryavanshi, S.S.; Mulla, I.S.

2013-01-01

The nanocrystalline materials of strontium doped tin oxide powders were synthesized by conventional co-precipitation method. Synthesized nanophase SnO 2 powders were used to fabricate thick films of pure and Sr-doped SnO 2 using screen-printing technology and investigated for their gas sensing properties towards LPG, ethanol, ammonia and acetone vapor. The crystal structure and phase of the sintered powders were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and microstructure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All the doped and undoped SnO 2 compositions revealed single phase and solid solution formation. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results indicated that well crystallized Sr-doped SnO 2 particles of size about 10 nm were obtained at sintering temperature 700℃. The optical properties viz. UV-Vis, FTIR and Raman were used to characterize various physico-chemical properties of samples. The reduction of grain size in metal oxide is a key factor to enhance the gas sensing properties. The doping of Sr in SnO 2 has reduced the grain size and improved the gas response. The results of gas sensing measurements showed that the thick films deposited on alumina substrates using screen-printing technique exhibited high gas response, quick response time and fast recovery time to acetone gas at a working temperature of 250℃. Further, the selectivity of sensor towards acetone with respect to other reducing gases (LPG, ethanol, ammonia) was studied. (author)

2-22 Study of Oxidation/reduction Volatilization Technology

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Tan; Cunmin[1; Cao; Shiwei[1; Tian; Yuan[1; Qin; Zhi[1

2015-01-01

As an advanced dry head-end processing of spent fuel reprocessing, the oxidation-reduction volatilization technology will use for pulverizing uranium oxide ceramic pellets, decladding, and removal of most of volatile and semi-volatile fission elements, 3H, 14C, Kr, Xe, I, Cs, Ru and Tc, from fuel prior to main treatment process. The AIROX and ORIOX process, including circulation of oxidation in oxygen atmosphere and reduction in hydrogen atmosphere, researched on international at present, is considered to be the first choice for head-end processing.

Low leakage stoichiometric SrTiO{sub 3} dielectric for advanced metal-insulator-metal capacitors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Popovici, Mihaela; Kaczer, Ben; Redolfi, Augusto; Elshocht, Sven van; Jurczak, Malgorzata [imec Belgium, Leuven (Belgium); Afanas' ev, Valeri V. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven (Belgium); Sereni, Gabriele [DISMI, Universita degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, (Italy); Larcher, Luca [DISMI, Universita degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, (Italy); MDLab, Saint Christophe (Italy)

2016-05-15

Metal-insulator-metal capacitors (MIMCAP) with stoichiometric SrTiO{sub 3} dielectric were deposited stacking two strontium titanate (STO) layers, followed by intermixing the grain determining Sr-rich STO seed layer, with the Ti-rich STO top layer. The resulted stoichiometric SrTiO{sub 3} would have a structure with less defects as demonstrated by internal photoemission experiments. Consequently, the leakage current density is lower compared to Sr-rich STO which allow further equivalent oxide thickness downscaling. (copyright 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Optimization of 90Sr/89Sr measurements

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Legarda F.

2012-04-01

Full Text Available One of the key points in the double measurement method for the measurement of both, 89Sr and 90Sr, by using a proportional counter is the choice of the times at which the measurements should be done. In this paper, the formulae to calculate the 89Sr and 90Sr detection limits in conditions of radioactive equilibrium between 90Y and 90Sr are derived, and an analysis of them as a function of the time between the two measurements is done. The choice for the time of the second measurement is going to depend on the desired quality of the results to be obtained.

Enthalpy changes when passing from simple to complex perovskite-like oxides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reznitskij, L.A.

1999-01-01

Formation enthalpies of complex perovskite-like oxides and their hexagonal analogs of the composition: Ba 2 ReFeO 6 , Sr 2 ReFeO 6 , Sr 2 ReMnO 6 , Ca 2 ReMnO 6 , Sr 2 WCrO 6 , Sr 2 MoCrO 6 , Ca 2 MoCrO 6 , Ca 2 WCrO 6 , Ba 3 Fe 2 ReO 9 , Ba 3 Cr 2 ReO 9 , Ba 2 RhTaO 6 and B 2 ScIrO 6 from simple oxides were calculated by approximate method using enthalpies of the cations coordination change in oxygen medium. The conclusion was made that enthalpy stabilization of the oxide with regard to simple oxides is mainly determined by the change in enthalpies of alkaline earth metal cations [ru

Comparison study of different coatings on degradation performance and cell response of Mg-Sr alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shangguan, Yongming; Sun, Lina; Wan, Peng; Tan, Lili; Wang, Chengyue; Fan, Xinmin; Qin, Ling; Yang, Ke

2016-01-01

To solve the problem of rapid degradation for magnesium-based implants, surface modification especially coating method is widely studied and showed the great potential for clinical application. However, as concerned to the further application and medical translation for biodegradable magnesium alloys, there are still lack of data and comparisons among different coatings on their degradation and biological properties. This work studied three commonly used coatings on Mg-Sr alloy, including micro-arc oxidation coating, electrodeposition coating and chemical conversion coating, and compared these coatings for requirements of favorable degradation and biological performances, how each of these coating systems has performed. Finally the mechanism for the discrepancy between these coatings is proposed. The results indicate that the micro-arc oxidation coating on Mg-Sr alloy exhibited the best corrosion resistance and cell response among these coatings, and is proved to be more suitable for the orthopedic application. - Highlights: • The MAO, PED and Sr-P coating were fabricated on Mg-Sr alloy to evaluate the degradation. • The MAO coating showed the greatest degradation performance among these three coatings. • The PED coating exhibited worse corrosion resistance even than Mg-Sr substrate. • The value of cell proliferation and ALP activity were ranked in the following order: MAO > Sr-P > PED.

Comparison study of different coatings on degradation performance and cell response of Mg-Sr alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shangguan, Yongming [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094 (China); Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 (China); Sun, Lina [Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000 (China); Wan, Peng, E-mail: pwan@imr.ac.cn [Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 (China); Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR (China); Tan, Lili [Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 (China); Wang, Chengyue [Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000 (China); Fan, Xinmin [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094 (China); Qin, Ling [Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR (China); Yang, Ke, E-mail: kyang@imr.ac.cn [Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 (China)

2016-12-01

To solve the problem of rapid degradation for magnesium-based implants, surface modification especially coating method is widely studied and showed the great potential for clinical application. However, as concerned to the further application and medical translation for biodegradable magnesium alloys, there are still lack of data and comparisons among different coatings on their degradation and biological properties. This work studied three commonly used coatings on Mg-Sr alloy, including micro-arc oxidation coating, electrodeposition coating and chemical conversion coating, and compared these coatings for requirements of favorable degradation and biological performances, how each of these coating systems has performed. Finally the mechanism for the discrepancy between these coatings is proposed. The results indicate that the micro-arc oxidation coating on Mg-Sr alloy exhibited the best corrosion resistance and cell response among these coatings, and is proved to be more suitable for the orthopedic application. - Highlights: • The MAO, PED and Sr-P coating were fabricated on Mg-Sr alloy to evaluate the degradation. • The MAO coating showed the greatest degradation performance among these three coatings. • The PED coating exhibited worse corrosion resistance even than Mg-Sr substrate. • The value of cell proliferation and ALP activity were ranked in the following order: MAO > Sr-P > PED.

Defect Chemistry, Electrical Properties, and Evaluation of New Oxides Sr2 CoNb1-x Tix O6-δ (0≤x≤1) as Cathode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Azcondo, María Teresa; Yuste, Mercedes; Pérez-Flores, Juan Carlos; Muñoz-Gil, Daniel; García-Martín, Susana; Muñoz-Noval, Alvaro; Orench, Inés Puente; García-Alvarado, Flaviano; Amador, Ulises

2017-07-21

The perovskite series Sr 2 CoNb 1-x Ti x O 6-δ (0≤x≤1) was investigated in the full compositional range to assess its potential as cathode material for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The variation of transport properties and thus, the area specific resistances (ASR) are explained by a detailed investigation of the defect chemistry. Increasing the titanium content from x=0-1 produces both oxidation of Co 3+ to Co 4+ (from 0 up to 40 %) and oxygen vacancies (from 6.0 to 5.7 oxygen atom/formula unit), although each charge compensation mechanism predominates in different compositional ranges. Neutron diffraction reveals that samples with high Ti-contents lose a significant amount of oxygen upon heating above 600 K. Oxygen is partially recovered upon cooling as the oxygen release and uptake show noticeably different kinetics. The complex defect chemistry of these compounds, together with the compositional changes upon heating/cooling cycles and atmospheres, produce a complicated behavior of electrical conductivity. Cathodes containing Sr 2 CoTiO 6-δ display low ASR values, 0,13 Ω cm 2 at 973 K, comparable to those of the best compounds reported so far, being a very promising cathode material for SOFC. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Electronically conductive perovskite-based oxide nanoparticles and films for optical sensing applications

Science.gov (United States)

Ohodnicki, Jr., Paul R; Schultz, Andrew M

2015-04-28

The disclosure relates to a method of detecting a change in a chemical composition by contacting a electronically conducting perovskite-based metal oxide material with a monitored stream, illuminating the electronically conducting perovskite-based metal oxide with incident light, collecting exiting light, monitoring an optical signal based on a comparison of the incident light and the exiting light, and detecting a shift in the optical signal. The electronically conducting perovskite-based metal oxide has a perovskite-based crystal structure and an electronic conductivity of at least 10.sup.-1 S/cm, where parameters are specified at the gas stream temperature. The electronically conducting perovskite-based metal oxide has an empirical formula A.sub.xB.sub.yO.sub.3-.delta., where A is at least a first element at the A-site, B is at least a second element at the B-site, and where 0.8perovskite-based oxides include but are not limited to La.sub.1-xSr.sub.xCoO.sub.3, La.sub.1-xSr.sub.xMnO.sub.3, LaCrO.sub.3, LaNiO.sub.3, La.sub.1-xSr.sub.xMn.sub.1-yCr.sub.yO.sub.3, SrFeO.sub.3, SrVO.sub.3, La-doped SrTiO.sub.3, Nb-doped SrTiO.sub.3, and SrTiO.sub.3-.delta..

Electrochemical characterization and redox behavior of Nb-doped SrTiO3

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Blennow Tullmar, Peter; Kammer Hansen, Kent; Wallenberg, L. Reine

2009-01-01

Sr-vacancy compensated Nb-doped SrTiO3 with the nominal composition Sr0.94Ti0.9Nb0.1O3 has been evaluated as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode material in terms of redox stability and electrochemical properties. Sr0.94Ti0.9Nb0.1O3 has been synthesized with a recently developed modified glycine......-nitrate process. The phase purity and redox behavior have been analyzed with XRD and TGA. The electrochemical properties of Sr0.94Ti0.9Nb0.1O3 and a composite electrode of Sr0.94Ti0.9Nb0.1O3/YSZ have been investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on cone shaped electrodes and on electrodes...... in a symmetrical cell configuration. The experiments indicated that the Nb-doped SrTiO3 electrodes were redox stable and showed a potential ability to be used as a part of a SOFC anode. The electrochemical activity appeared to be governed by the concentration of defect species (especially Ti3+ and V-0...

Imaging and tuning polarity at SrTiO3 domain walls

Science.gov (United States)

Frenkel, Yiftach; Haham, Noam; Shperber, Yishai; Bell, Christopher; Xie, Yanwu; Chen, Zhuoyu; Hikita, Yasuyuki; Hwang, Harold Y.; Salje, Ekhard K. H.; Kalisky, Beena

2017-12-01

Electrostatic fields tune the ground state of interfaces between complex oxide materials. Electronic properties, such as conductivity and superconductivity, can be tuned and then used to create and control circuit elements and gate-defined devices. Here we show that naturally occurring twin boundaries, with properties that are different from their surrounding bulk, can tune the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface 2DEG at the nanoscale. In particular, SrTiO3 domain boundaries have the unusual distinction of remaining highly mobile down to low temperatures, and were recently suggested to be polar. Here we apply localized pressure to an individual SrTiO3 twin boundary and detect a change in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface current distribution. Our data directly confirm the existence of polarity at the twin boundaries, and demonstrate that they can serve as effective tunable gates. As the location of SrTiO3 domain walls can be controlled using external field stimuli, our findings suggest a novel approach to manipulate SrTiO3-based devices on the nanoscale.

High-performance electrodes for reduced temperature solid oxide fuel cells with doped lanthanum gallate electrolyte. II. La(Sr)CoO 3 cathode

Science.gov (United States)

Inagaki, Toru; Miura, Kazuhiro; Yoshida, Hiroyuki; Maric, Radenka; Ohara, Satoshi; Zhang, Xinge; Mukai, Kazuo; Fukui, Takehisa

The reduced temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with 0.5 mm thick La 0.9Sr 0.1Ga 0.8Mg 0.2O 3- α (LSGM) electrolyte, La 0.6Sr 0.4CoO 3- δ (LSCo) cathode, and Ni-(CeO 2) 0.8(SmO 1.5) 0.2 (SDC) cermet anode showed an excellent initial performance, and high maximum power density, 0.47 W/cm 2, at 800°C. The results were comparable to those for the conventional SOFC with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte, La(Sr)MnO 3-YSZ cathode and Ni-YSZ cermet anode at 1000°C. Using an LSCo powder prepared by spray pyrolysis, and selecting appropriate sintering temperatures, the lowest cathodic polarization of about 25 mV at 300 mA/cm 2 was measured for a cathode prepared by sintering at 1000°C. Life time cell test results, however, showed that the polarization of the LSCo cathode increased with operating time. From EPMA results, this behavior was considered to be related to the interdiffusion of the elements at the cathode/electrolyte interface. Calcination of LSCo powder could be a possible way to suppress this interdiffusion at the interface.

Accessible switching of electronic defect type in SrTi O3 via biaxial strain

Science.gov (United States)

Chi, Yen-Ting; Youssef, Mostafa; Sun, Lixin; Van Vliet, Krystyn J.; Yildiz, Bilge

2018-05-01

Elastic strain is used widely to alter the mobility of free electronic carriers in semiconductors, but a predictive relationship between elastic lattice strain and the extent of charge localization of electronic defects is still underdeveloped. Here we considered SrTi O3 , a prototypical perovskite as a model functional oxide for thin film electronic devices and nonvolatile memories. We assessed the effects of biaxial strain on the stability of electronic defects at finite temperature by combining density functional theory (DFT) and quasiharmonic approximation (QHA) calculations. We constructed a predominance diagram for free electrons and small electron polarons in this material, as a function of biaxial strain and temperature. We found that biaxial tensile strain in SrTi O3 can stabilize the small polaron, leading to a thermally activated and slower electronic transport, consistent with prior experimental observations on SrTi O3 and distinct from our prior theoretical assessment of the response of SrTi O3 to hydrostatic stress. These findings also resolved apparent conflicts between prior atomistic simulations and conductivity experiments for biaxially strained SrTi O3 thin films. Our computational approach can be extended to other functional oxides, and for the case of SrTi O3 our findings provide concrete guidance for conditions under which strain engineering can shift the electronic defect type and concentration to modulate electronic transport in thin films.

The ternary post-transition metal carbodiimide SrZn(NCN){sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Corkett, Alex J.; Konze, Philipp M. [Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (Germany); Dronskowski, Richard [Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (Germany); Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-HPC), RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen (Germany)

2017-11-17

SrZn(NCN){sub 2}, the first example of a ternary post-transition metal carbodiimide, was prepared by a solid-state metathesis reaction. The crystal structure was solved from PXRD data and found to adopt the orthorhombic (Cmcm) BaZnSO structure, a high symmetry modification of that expressed by the oxide analogue SrZnO{sub 2}. Locally, SrZn(NCN){sub 2} features ZnN{sub 4} tetrahedra and SrN{sub 6} trigonal prisms similar to those in quarternary LiSr{sub 2}M(NCN){sub 4} (M = Al{sup 3+} and Ga{sup 3+}) phases, however, the overall topologies are distinct with single chains in the former and double chains in the latter. Electronic structure calculations indicate an indirect bandgap of about 2.95 eV in SrZn(NCN){sub 2}, slightly lower than the experimentally observed bandgap of 3.4 eV in SrZnO{sub 2} and consistent with a greater degree of covalency. The structural similarities between SrZn(NCN){sub 2} and oxychalcogenide analogues highlight the pseudochalcogenide character of NCN{sup 2-} and suggest that the title compound may serve as a template for accessing novel ternary carbodiimides featuring tetrahedrally coordinated transition metals. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ nanofiber cathode for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells by water-based sol-gel electrospinning: Synthesis and electrochemical behaviour

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Enrico, Anna; Zhang, Wenjing (Angela); Traulsen, Marie Lund

2018-01-01

Water-based sol-gel electrospinning is employed to manufacture perovskite oxide La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) nanofiber cathodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. LSCF fibrous scaffolds are synthesized through electrospinning of a sol-gel solution employing water as the only...

Chemical Bond Parameters in Sr3MRhO6 (M=Rare earth)

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2000-01-01

Chemical bond parameters, that is, bond covalency, bond valence, macroscopic linear susceptibility, and oxidation states of elements in Sr3MRhO6 (M=Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb) have been calculated. The results indicate that the bond covalency of M-O decreases sharply with the decrease of ionic radius of M3+ from Sm to Yb, while no obvious trend has been found for Rh-O and Sr-O bonds. The global instability index indicates that the crystal structures of Sr3MrhO6 (M = Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho) have strained bonds.

Solid state speciation of uranium and its local structure in Sr2CeO4 using photoluminescence spectroscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Sahu, M.; Gupta, Santosh K.; Jain, D.; Saxena, M. K.; Kadam, R. M.

2018-04-01

An effort was taken to carry our speciation study of uranium ion in technologically important cerate host Sr2CeO4 using time resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Such studies are not relevant only to nuclear industry but can give rich insight into fundamentals of 5f electron chemistry in solid state systems. In this work both undoped and varied amount of uranium doped Sr2CeO4 compound is synthesized using complex polymerization method and is characterized systematically using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both XRD and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of pure Sr2CeO4 which has tendency to decompose peritectically to SrCeO3 and SrO at higher temperature. Uranium doping is confirmed by XRD. Uranium exhibits a rich chemistry owing to its variable oxidation state from +3 to +6. Each of them exhibits distinct luminescence properties either due to f-f transitions or ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT). We have taken Sr2CeO4 as a model host lattice to understand the photophysical characteristics of uranium ion in it. Emission spectroscopy revealed the stabilization of uranium as U (VI) in the form of UO66- (octahedral uranate) in Sr2CeO4. Emission kinetics study reflects that uranate ions are not homogeneously distributed in Sr2CeO4 and it has two different environments due to its stabilization at both Sr2+ as well as Ce4+ site. The lifetime population analysis interestingly pinpointed that majority of uranate ion resided at Ce4+ site. The critical energy-transfer distance between the uranate ion was determined based on which the concentration quenching mechanism was attributed to electric multipolar interaction. These studies are very important in designing Sr2CeO4 based optoelectronic material as well exploring it for actinides studies.

Crystalline phases and electronic structures in superconducting Bi endash Sr endash Ca endash Cu oxides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Giardina, M.D.; Feduzi, R.; Inzaghi, D.; Manara, A.; Giori, C.; Sora, I.N.; Dallacasa, V.

1997-01-01

Two classes of samples, designated A and B, of layered Bi endash Sr endash Ca endash Cu oxides having the same nominal composition 4:3:3:4, but different thermal histories, were investigated by using field modulated microwave absorption (ESR), powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and x-ray absorption near the edge structure (XANES). Previous electrical resistivity measurements showed that the B samples only presented two superconducting phases with midpoints of the transition temperatures at ∼80K and ∼105K. The microwave absorption technique indicated instead the presence of islands which became superconducting at the above-mentioned temperatures also in the A samples. The crystalline and electronic structures of the two types of samples are illustrated and discussed. A plausible theoretical interpretation of the experimental results, based on a quantum percolation model with Coulomb interaction, is also given. copyright 1997 Materials Research Society

Establishment of cooperation basis of joint research on the mixed waste molten salt oxidation technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, Hee Chul; Cho, Y. J.; Kim, J. H.; Yoo, J. H.; Yun, H. C.; Lee, D. G.

2005-08-01

Molten salt oxidation, MSO for short, is a robust technology that can effectively treat mixed waste (radioactive waste including hazardous metals or organics). It can safely and economically treat the difficult wastes such as not-easily destroyable toxic organic waste, medical waste, chemical warfare and energetic materials such as propellant and explosives, all of which are not easily treated by an incinerator or other currently existing thermal treatment system. Therefore, molten salt oxidation technology should be developed and utilized to treat a lot of niche waste stored in the nuclear and environmental industries. So, if we put the MSO technology to practical use by Korea-Vietnam joint research, we can reduce R and D fund for MSO technology by ourselves and we can expect an export of the outcome of nuclear R and D in Korea. For Establishment of cooperation basis of joint research concerning molten salt oxidation technology between KOREA and VIETNAM, in this research, We invited two Vietnamese researchers and we introduced our experimental scale molten salt oxidation system in order to let them understand molten salt oxidation technology. We also visited Viet man and we consulted about molten salt oxidation process. We held seminar on the mixed waste molten salt oxidation technology, discussed on the joint research on the mixed waste molten salt oxidation technology and finally we wrote MOU for joint research

Establishment of cooperation basis of joint research on the mixed waste molten salt oxidation technology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yang, Hee Chul; Cho, Y. J.; Kim, J. H.; Yoo, J. H.; Yun, H. C.; Lee, D. G

2005-08-01

Molten salt oxidation, MSO for short, is a robust technology that can effectively treat mixed waste (radioactive waste including hazardous metals or organics). It can safely and economically treat the difficult wastes such as not-easily destroyable toxic organic waste, medical waste, chemical warfare and energetic materials such as propellant and explosives, all of which are not easily treated by an incinerator or other currently existing thermal treatment system. Therefore, molten salt oxidation technology should be developed and utilized to treat a lot of niche waste stored in the nuclear and environmental industries. So, if we put the MSO technology to practical use by Korea-Vietnam joint research, we can reduce R and D fund for MSO technology by ourselves and we can expect an export of the outcome of nuclear R and D in Korea. For Establishment of cooperation basis of joint research concerning molten salt oxidation technology between KOREA and VIETNAM, in this research, We invited two Vietnamese researchers and we introduced our experimental scale molten salt oxidation system in order to let them understand molten salt oxidation technology. We also visited Viet man and we consulted about molten salt oxidation process. We held seminar on the mixed waste molten salt oxidation technology, discussed on the joint research on the mixed waste molten salt oxidation technology and finally we wrote MOU for joint research.

Synthesis of pure and Sr-doped LaGaO{sub 3}, LaFeO{sub 3} and LaCoO{sub 3} and Sr,Mg-doped LaGaO{sub 3} for ITSOFC application using different wet chemical routes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kumar, M. [National Metallurgical Laboratory-Madras Center, CSIR Madras Complex, Chennai 600113 (India); Srikanth, S. [National Metallurgical Laboratory-Madras Center, CSIR Madras Complex, Chennai 600113 (India)], E-mail: s_srikanth_99@yahoo.com; Ravikumar, B.; Alex, T.C.; Das, S.K. [National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831007 (India)

2009-02-15

Pure and Sr-doped LaGaO{sub 3}, LaFeO{sub 3} and LaCoO{sub 3} and Sr,Mg-doped LaGaO{sub 3} were synthesized by various wet chemical routes, namely combustion, co-precipitation and citrate-gel methods. The effect of the various process parameters on the phase purity, particle size and surface area and morphology of the synthesized powders were determined by XRD, simultaneous TG-DTA, laser light scattering, BET and scanning electron microscopy. The stability of the synthesized pure phases in oxidizing and reducing atmosphere was also studied by thermogravimetry. It was observed that pure and Sr-doped single perovskite phases of lanthanum ferrite, cobaltite and gallate and Sr,Mg-doped lanthanum gallate could be synthesized by combustion and citrate-gel methods under suitable process conditions. Synthesis using the co-precipitation method yielded incomplete reaction irrespective of the calcination temperature adopted. The citrate-gel method yielded better powder properties in terms of particle size and morphology and surface area compared to combustion synthesis. It was found that pure and Sr-doped lanthanum ferrite, lanthanum cobaltite, lanthanum gallate and Sr,Mg-doped lanthanum gallate were stable in the oxidizing atmosphere. In the reducing atmosphere, pure and Sr-doped lanthanum ferrite and Sr,Mg-doped lanthanum gallate was found to be stable at least during the timeframe of the thermogravimetric experiment whereas pure and Sr-doped lanthanum cobaltite was partially reduced in hydrogen atmosphere.

Photoluminescence in Pb{sup 2+} activated SrB{sub 4}O{sub 7} and SrB{sub 2}O{sub 4} phosphors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gawande, A.B., E-mail: gawandeab@gmail.com [Department of Physics, SGB Amravati University, Amravati-444602, Maharashtra (India); Ingle, J.T. [J. D. Institute of Engineering and Technology, Yavatmal, Maharashtra (India); Sonekar, R.P., E-mail: sonekar_rp@yahoo.com [Department of Physics, G.S. College, Khamgaon District, Buldhana, Maharashtra (India); Omanwar, S.K. [Department of Physics, SGB Amravati University, Amravati-444602, Maharashtra (India)

2014-05-01

The powder samples of SrB{sub 4}O{sub 7}:Pb{sup 2+} and SrB{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Pb{sup 2+} were prepared by solution combustion synthesis method. The synthesis is based on the exothermic reaction between the fuel (Urea) and Oxidizer (Ammonium nitrate). The synthesized materials were characterized using TG–DTA, powder XRD, SEM and the photoluminescence properties were studied using a Hitachi F-7000 spectrophotometer at room temperature. Both the samples SrB{sub 4}O{sub 7}:Pb{sup 2+} and SrB{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Pb{sup 2+} show broad emission of Pb{sup 2+} respectively at 307 nm and 360 nm (corresponds to {sup 3}P{sub 1} to {sup 1}S{sub 0} transition). The optimum concentrations of Pb{sup 2+} in both the phosphors SrB{sub 4}O{sub 7}:Pb{sup 2+} and SrB{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Pb{sup 2+} were found to be 3 mol% (relative to Sr) and for this concentration the critical transfer distance R{sub 0} were calculated to be 10.21 Å and 12.22 Å respectively. The Stokes shifts were calculated to be respectively 4464 cm{sup −1} and 8454 cm{sup −1}. The emission bands of both the phosphors are in the UV region and the phosphors can be potential candidates for application in UV lamps. - Highlights: • SrB{sub 4}O{sub 7}:Pb{sup 2+} and SrB{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Pb{sup 2+} have been synthesized by Novel solution combustion synthesis technique. • The synthesized materials were characterized using TG–DTA, powder XRD and SEM. • Photoluminescence spectra of synthesized materials showed the characteristic transition in Pb{sup 2+}. • Stokes shift, optimum concentration and critical transfer distance R{sub 0} were determined.

Solid-state reactivity explored in situ by synchrotron radiation on single crystals: from SrFeO2.5 to SrFeO3 via electrochemical oxygen intercalation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maity, A; Dutta, R; Penkala, B; Ceretti, M; Letrouit-Lebranchu, A; Perichon, A; Paulus, W; Chernyshov, D; Piovano, A; Bossak, A; Meven, M

2015-01-01

In this study we demonstrate the feasibility of following up a chemical reaction by single crystal x-ray (synchrotron) diffraction under operando conditions, carried out in a specially designed electrochemical cell mounted on the BM01A at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). We investigated in detail the electrochemical oxidation of SrFeO 2.5 to SrFeO 3 on a spherical single crystal of 70 µm diameter by in situ diffraction at an ambient temperature. Complete data sets were obtained by scanning the whole reciprocal space using a 2M Pilatus detector, resulting in 3600 frames with a resolution of 0.1° per data set, each obtained in 18 min. The crystal was mounted in a specially designed electrochemical cell with 1N KOH used as the electrolyte. During the electrochemical oxidation, the reaction proceeds following the phase sequence SrFeO 2.5 /SrFeO 2.75 /SrFeO 2.875 /SrFeO 3 , structurally accompanied by establishing a complex series of long-range oxygen vacancy ordering, which gets instantly organized at ambient temperature. The topotactic reaction pathway is discussed in terms of the evolution of the twin domain structure. The formation of SrFeO 2.875 is accompanied by the formation of diffuse streaks along the [1 0 0]-direction of the perovskite cell, reaching high d-spacings. The diffuse streaks are discussed and are thought to originate from a modified twin structure induced by the SrFeO 2.75 to SrFeO 2.875 transition, and the associated changes in the domain structure, developed during the oxygen intercalation. We equally analysed and discussed in detail the twin structure of all the title compounds. We confirm the ground state of SrFeO 2.5 is able to adopt the Imma space group symmetry, showing stacking faults of the tetrahedral layers along the stacking axis of the brownmillerite unit cell, indicated by the 1D diffuse rods. We showed that in situ single crystal diffraction has huge potential in the study of non-stoichiometric compounds

Solid-state reactivity explored in situ by synchrotron radiation on single crystals: from SrFeO2.5 to SrFeO3 via electrochemical oxygen intercalation

Science.gov (United States)

Maity, A.; Dutta, R.; Penkala, B.; Ceretti, M.; Letrouit-Lebranchu, A.; Chernyshov, D.; Perichon, A.; Piovano, A.; Bossak, A.; Meven, M.; Paulus, W.

2015-12-01

In this study we demonstrate the feasibility of following up a chemical reaction by single crystal x-ray (synchrotron) diffraction under operando conditions, carried out in a specially designed electrochemical cell mounted on the BM01A at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). We investigated in detail the electrochemical oxidation of SrFeO2.5 to SrFeO3 on a spherical single crystal of 70 µm diameter by in situ diffraction at an ambient temperature. Complete data sets were obtained by scanning the whole reciprocal space using a 2M Pilatus detector, resulting in 3600 frames with a resolution of 0.1° per data set, each obtained in 18 min. The crystal was mounted in a specially designed electrochemical cell with 1N KOH used as the electrolyte. During the electrochemical oxidation, the reaction proceeds following the phase sequence SrFeO2.5/SrFeO2.75/SrFeO2.875/SrFeO3, structurally accompanied by establishing a complex series of long-range oxygen vacancy ordering, which gets instantly organized at ambient temperature. The topotactic reaction pathway is discussed in terms of the evolution of the twin domain structure. The formation of SrFeO2.875 is accompanied by the formation of diffuse streaks along the [1 0 0]-direction of the perovskite cell, reaching high d-spacings. The diffuse streaks are discussed and are thought to originate from a modified twin structure induced by the SrFeO2.75 to SrFeO2.875 transition, and the associated changes in the domain structure, developed during the oxygen intercalation. We equally analysed and discussed in detail the twin structure of all the title compounds. We confirm the ground state of SrFeO2.5 is able to adopt the Imma space group symmetry, showing stacking faults of the tetrahedral layers along the stacking axis of the brownmillerite unit cell, indicated by the 1D diffuse rods. We showed that in situ single crystal diffraction has huge potential in the study of non-stoichiometric compounds under operando

A screen-printed Ce 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9 film solid oxide fuel cell with a Ba 0.5Sr 0.5Co 0.8Fe 0.2O 3- δ cathode

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Yaohui; Huang, Xiqiang; Lu, Zhe; Liu, Zhiguo; Ge, Xiaodong; Xu, Jiahuan; Xin, Xianshuang; Sha, Xueqing; Su, Wenhui

Screen-printing technology was developed to fabricate Ce 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9 (SDC) electrolyte films onto porous NiO-SDC green anode substrates. After sintering at 1400 °C for 4 h, a gas-tight SDC film with a thickness of 12 μm was obtained. A novel cathode material of Ba 0.5Sr 0.5Co 0.8Fe 0.2O 3- δ was subsequently applied onto the sintered SDC electrolyte film also by screen-printing and sintered at 970 °C for 3 h to get a single cell. A fuel cell of Ni-SDC/SDC (12 μm)/Ba 0.5Sr 0.5Co 0.8Fe 0.2O 3- δ provides the maximum power densities of 1280, 1080, 670, 370, 180 and 73 mW cm -2 at 650, 600, 555, 505, 455 and 405 °C, respectively, using hydrogen as fuel and stationary air as oxidant. When dry methane was used as fuel, the maximum power densities are 876, 568, 346 and 114 mW cm -2 at 650, 600, 555 and 505 °C, respectively. The present fuel cell shows excellent performance at lowered temperatures.

Technologies for the Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulica Arsenie

2015-06-01

Full Text Available When it comes to gas turbines, their main problem concerning pollutant emissions is represented by nitric oxides. Among other emissions, sulphur oxides being much reduced due to the use of liquid distilled and gas fuels with a low content of sulphur. Using water or steam injection became the favourite method during the '80s and especially the '90s since "dry" methods and catalytic reduction were both at the beginning of the development phase. Catalytic convertors have been used since the '80s and they are still used although the costs of renewing the catalyst are very high. In the last twenty years a gradual decrease has been registered on the limits of nitric oxides from 75 ppm to 25 ppm, and now the target is oriented towards the 9 ppm level. The evolution of burning technologies of combustion makes it possible to control the level of production of nitric oxides even from the source without being necessary to use "humid" methods. This, of course, opened the market for gas turbines because they can function even in areas with limited quality water reserves, such as maritime platforms and in the desert. In this paper, we are going to show that, although water injection is still used, "dry" control technologies of burning became favourite methods for the majority of users on the industrial power generators market. The great dependency between the creation of nitric oxides and the temperature reveals the effect of direct water or steam injection on reducing nitric oxides. Recent research showed that a reduction up to 85% of nitric oxides may be obtained by using the water or steam injection all together with the improvement of aerodynamic character of the burning room.

The superconductor (Tl,Hg,Ca)2(Ba,Sr)2(Ca,Sr,Tl)Cu2O7.6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Valldor, M.; Bryntse, I.; Morawski, A.

2002-01-01

In the title 2212-type superconductor (thallium mercury calcium barium strontium copper oxide), which contains both Tl and Hg in the charge reservoir (CR), Sr is located at both alkali-earth (AE) metal sites. Ca enters the CR at the same time as Tl shares the smaller AE site, which increases the apical Cu-Cu distance significantly. The structure causes the superconducting Cu-O layers to become significantly puckered. (orig.)

[Exogenous Sr2+ sedimentation on otolith of chum salmon embryos].

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Chen; Liu, Wei; Zhan, Pei-rong; Wang, Ji-long; Li, Pei-lun

2015-10-01

To explore the exogenous Sr2+ sedimentation on otolith of chum salmon embryos, chum salmon embryos were exposed to culture water contained Sr2+ at Sr2+ concentration of 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg . L-1 for 48 h to imitate Sr2+ sedimentation. After a culturing period of 12 d and 100 d, the otoliths of the chum salmon were taken to detect exogenous Sr2+ sedimentation with electro-probe microanalyzer (EPMA). The results showed that obvious deep red strontium signatures were produced in the otolith of chum salmon at different concentrations of Sr2+. The mean and extreme values of peak strontium area were not stable for the same Sr2+ dose, but the lowest of all the peak values was 35.1 times as much as that of control. Overall, the strontium value increased with the increase of Sr2+concentration. The strontium peak had no signs of abating after a culture period of 100 d. The results also showed that strontium was gradually deposited in the otolith, and had obvious hysteresis to immersion. Strontium sedimentation could also return to a normal level after the peak. These characteristics accorded exactly with the requirement of discharge tag technology, which indicated that exogenous Sr2+ was suitable in the marking of salmon otolith.

Rapid and efficient visible light photocatalytic dye degradation using AFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} (A = Ba, Ca and Sr) complex oxides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vijayaraghavan, T. [PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore 641004 (India); Suriyaraj, S.P.; Selvakumar, R. [Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore 641004 (India); Venkateswaran, R. [PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore 641004 (India); Ashok, Anuradha, E-mail: anu@psgias.ac.in [PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore 641004 (India)

2016-08-15

Highlights: • Alkaline earth ferrites AFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} (A = Ba, Ca and Sr) were synthesized by sol–gel method. • Visible light photocatalytic activity of these ferrites were studied using congo red dye degradation. • BaFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} exhibited the best photocatalytic activity under visible light (xenon lamp) irradiation; CaFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} was the best photocatalyst under natural sun light irradiation. - Abstract: Photocatalytic activity of spinel type complex oxides has been investigated in this study. Alkaline earth ferrites AFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} (A = Ba, Ca, Sr) were synthesized by sol–gel method. Structural characterizations reveal that the synthesized ferrites have orthorhombic crystal structures with different space groups and cell dimensions when they have different alkaline earth metals in their A site. All the synthesized ferrites exhibited their bandgap in the range 2.14–2.19 eV. Their photocatalytic activities were studied using congo red dye under sunlight and xenon lamp radiation. The substitution of Ba, Ca and Sr at A site of these ferrites had varying impact on dye degradation process. Under xenon lamp irradiation, BaFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} exhibited the highest percentage of dye degradation (92% after 75 min). However, CaFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} showed the fastest degradation of the dye (70% within 15 min). In the absence of irradiation, SrFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} showed the highest dye adsorption (44% after 75 min).

Oxidation of methanol on perovskite-type La{sub 2-x}Sr{sub x}NiO{sub 4} (0 {<=} x {<=} 1) film electrodes modified by dispersed nickel in 1 M KOH

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Singh, R.N.; Singh, A.; Mishra, D.; Anindita [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005 (India); Chartier, P. [Laboratoire d' Electrochimie et Chimie Physique du Corps Solide, Institut de Chimie LC3-UMR7177 CNRS/ULP, Universite Louis Pasteur, 67000, Strasbourg (France)

2008-12-01

Finely-dispersed nickel particles are electrodeposited on high surface-area perovskite-type La{sub 2-x}Sr{sub x}NiO{sub 4} (0 {<=} x {<=} 1) electrodes for possible use in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The study is conducted by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, impedance spectroscopy and anodic Tafel polarization techniques. The results show that the apparent electrocatalytic activities of the modified oxide electrodes are much higher than those of unmodified electrodes under similar experimental conditions; the observed activity is the greatest with the modified La{sub 1.5}Sr{sub 0.5}NiO{sub 4} electrode. At 0.550 V (vs. Hg vertical stroke HgO) in 1 M KOH + 1 M CH{sub 3}OH at 25 C, the latter electrode delivers a current density of over 200 mA cm{sup -2}, whereas other electrodes of the series produce relatively low values (65-117 mA cm{sup -2}). To our knowledge, such high methanol oxidation current densities have not been reported on any other non-platinum electrode in alkaline solution. Further, the modified electrodes are not poisoned by methanol oxidation intermediates/products. (author)

Studies on the Ln/sub 2/O/sub 3/ (Ln: rare-earth elements)-SrO-V/sub 2/O/sub 3/ system, 1. Phase diagrams at 1400/sup 0/C

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shin-ike, T [Osaka Dental Coll., Hirakata (Japan); Adachi, G; Shiokawa, J

1980-11-01

Rare-earth oxides Ln/sub 2/O/sub 3/ (Ln : Nd, Eu or Er), strontium oxide SrO and vanadium oxide V/sub 2/O/sub 3/ were mixed in a given molecular ratio, heated at 1400/sup 0/C in vacuum. The products were examined by an x-ray diffraction method to study the phase relations of the ternary systems. On heating, part of the trivalent vanadium was oxidized to the tetravalent state by atmospheric oxygen. In this experimental condition, the following ternary-phase solid solutions were identified: perovskite type Nd sub(1-x)Sr sub(x)VO sub(3-0.1x) (x > 0.3. cubic, x < 0.3: orthorhombic) and Eu sub(1-x)Sr sub(x)VO sub(3-0.1x) (x > 0.4: cubic, x < 0.4: orthorhombic), K/sub 2/NiF/sub 4/ type SrO.Nd sub(1-x)Sr sub(x)VO sub(3-0.1x) (x > 0.3) and SrO.Eu sub(1-x)Sr sub(x)VO sub(3-0.1x) (x > 0.4) and Eu/sub 3/Ti/sub 2/O/sub 7/ type SrO.2Nd sub(1-x)Sr sub(x)VO sub(3-0.1x) (x > 0.3) and SrO.2Eu sub(1-x)Sr sub(x)VO sub(3-0.1x) (x > 0.4). For the Er/sub 2/O/sub 3/-SrO-V/sub 2/O/sub 3/ system, only a mixture of Er/sub 2/O/sub 3/, SrVO sub(2.9), ErVO/sub 3/, SrO and V/sub 2/O/sub 3/ was obtained.

Preparation of thin layers of BiSrCaCuO by method MOCVD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beran, P.; Stejskal, J.; Strejc, A.; Nevriva, M.; Sedmibudsky, D.; Leitner, J.

1999-01-01

Preparation of superconducting material on the basis mixed oxides of BiSrCaCuO by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method is described. Surface morphology and concentration profiles of elements were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and microprobe. Phase of layers was analysed by X-ray diffraction (radiation of Cu kα ). Samples of thin layers were characterized by magnetic susceptibility in temperature interval 10 to 150 K. Obtained results confirm formation of superconducting phases Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 1 Cu 2 O x and Bi 2 Sr 2 Xa 2 Cu 3 O x

Epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-δ/Sr2RuO4 heterostructures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schlom, D.G.; Merritt, B.A.; Madhavan, S.

1997-01-01

The anisotropic oxide superconductors YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ and Sr 2 RuO 4 have been epitaxially combined in various ways (c-axis on c-axis, c-axis on a-axis, and a-axis on a-axis) though the use of appropriate substrates. Phase-pure a-axis oriented or c-axis oriented epitaxial Sr 2 RuO 4 films were grown by pulsed laser deposition. YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ films were then grown on both orientations of Sr 2 RuO 4 films and the resulting epitaxy was characterized

Cobalt-free perovskite Pr_0_._5Sr_0_._5Fe_1_−_xCu_xO_3_−_δ (PSFC) as a cathode material for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moura, Caroline G.; Grilo, João Paulo de F.; Macedo, Daniel A.; Cesário, Moisés R.; Fagg, Duncan Paul; Nascimento, Rubens M.

2016-01-01

PSFC (Pr_0_._5Sr_0_._5Fe_1_−_xCu_xO_3_−_δ) is a new perovskite-type oxide that has gained considerable attention as cathode material for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs), due to its high mixed ionic-electronic conductivity below 800 °C. In this work, PSFC (Pr_0_._5Sr_0_._5Fe_1_−_xCu_xO_3_−_δ, x = 0.2 and 0.4) powders were synthesized by the citrate method and structurally characterized by X-ray diffractometry. Screen-printed cathodes were sintered at 1050 °C and electrochemically characterized by impedance spectroscopy at 600–800 °C in pure oxygen. The area specific resistances (ASR) of the Pr_0_._5Sr_0_._5Fe_0_._8Cu_0_._2O_3_−_δ material are shown to be competitive with typical values reported for cobalt-based cathodes in the measured temperature range, while, importantly, offering a significantly lower activation energy, 0.62 eV. The thermal expansion coefficients of these Co-free cathodes are in the range of 13–15 × 10"−"6 °C"−"1, in a temperature range 200–650 °C, demonstrating a good thermal compatibility with gadolinia doped ceria (CGO) electrolytes. - Highlights: • Cobalt-free Pr_0_._5Sr_0_._5Fe_1_−_xCu_xO_3_−_δ (PSFC) cathodes successfully prepared by the citrate method. • PSFC cathodes are thermally compatible with CGO electrolytes. • Pr_0_._5Sr_0_._5Fe_0_._8Cu_0_._2O_3_−_δ presents competitive area specific resistances of low activation energy, 0.62 eV.

Synthesis and characterization of a Sr0.95Y0.05TiO3-δ-based hydrogen electrode for reversible solid oxide cells

KAUST Repository

Ling, Yihan

2015-01-01

Reversible solid oxide cells (RSOCs) can generate electricity as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) facing a shortage of electricity and can also store the electricity as solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) at the time of excessive electricity. The composite Sr0.95Y0.05TiO3-δ-Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (SYT-SDC) as the hydrogen electrode provides a promising alternative for a conventional Ni/YSZ. The possible charge compensation mechanism of SYT is described as Sr0.95Y0.05Ti0.95-2δ 4+Ti2δ+0.05 3+O3-δ. The Ti3+ is approximately 11.73% in the reduced SYT by XRD Rietveld refinement, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and thermogravimetry (TG) analysis. Voltage-current curves and impedance spectra are measured as a function of applied voltages to characterize the cells. The bulk resistance (Ro) and the electrode polarization resistance (Rp) at open circuit voltages (OCV) at 750 °C are 9.06 Ω cm2 and 10.57 Ω cm2, respectively. The Ro values have a small amount of changes with small slopes both in the SOFC (-0.29 Ω cm2 V-1) and SOEC mode (0.5 Ω cm2 V-1), whereas the Rp values decrease all the time with the increasing voltages at both the SOFC (-2.59 Ω cm2 V-1) and SOEC mode (-9.65 Ω cm2 V-1), indicating that the electrical conductivity and electro-catalytic property of the SYT-based hydrogen electrode can be improved under the SOEC mode. This journal is

Enhanced thermoelectric figure-of-merit in environmentally benign BaxSr2-xTiCoO6 double perovskites

Science.gov (United States)

Saxena, Mandvi; Roy, Pinku; Acharya, Megha; Bose, Imon; Tanwar, Khagesh; Maiti, Tanmoy

2016-12-01

Environmental friendly, non-toxic double perovskite BaxSr2-xTiCoO6 compositions with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2 were synthesized using solid-state reaction route for high temperature thermoelectric (TE) applications. XRD and SEM studies confirmed the presence of single-phase solid solution with highly dense microstructure for all the oxide compositions. Temperature dependent electrical conductivity measurement showed semiconductor to metal (M-S) transition in these double perovskites. Incorporation of barium in Sr2TiCoO6 pushed M-S transition to higher temperature making it a potential candidate for high temperature TE applications. Conductivity behaviors of these oxides were explained by small polaron model. Furthermore, these oxides exhibit a glass like behavior resulting in low thermal conductivity. Low temperature dielectric measurement revealed relaxor ferroelectric behavior in these oxides below room temperature. Transition of these relaxors into a glassy state beyond Burns temperature (TD) was found responsible for having low thermal conductivity in these oxides. Maximum dimensionless TE figure-of-merit ZT = 0.29 at 1223 K was achieved for BaxSr2-xTiCoO6 composition with x = 0.2.

Formation pathways in the synthesis and properties of (Tl0.5Pb0.5)(Sr0.9Ba0.1)2Ca2Cu3Oz and (Tl0.5Pb0.5)(Sr0.8Ba0.2)2Ca2Cu3Oz-1223 superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Auinger, M; Gritzner, G; Bertrand, Ch; Galez, Ph; Soubeyroux, J-L

2007-01-01

The formation pathway of (Tl 0.5 Pb 0.5 )(Sr 0.9 Ba 0.1 ) 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O z and (Tl 0.5 Pb 0.5 )(Sr 0.8 Ba 0.2 ) 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O z was studied by neutron and x-ray diffraction. The following reaction pathway was proposed: thallium oxide and lead oxide react with Sr-rich (Sr 1-x Ca x )CuO 2 and Ca-rich (Ca x Sr 1-x )O to form Sr 4 Tl 2 O 7 and (Ca x Sr 1-x )PbO 3 , respectively. The thallate and the plumbate compounds then form the (Tl 0.5 Pb 0.5 )-1212 phase starting at a temperature of 600 deg. C. Finally, between 850 and 900 deg. C, the 1223 phase is formed from (Tl 0.5 Pb 0.5 )-1212 (Ca x Sr 1-x ) 2 CuO 3 and CuO. Parallel experiments to fabricate the (Tl, Pb)-1223 superconductor resulted in specimens with critical temperatures of 117.5 K and 116 K, respectively, and transition widths of 2 K. Differences between the pathways for the formation of Pb-doped, Sr-rich and Pb-free, Ba-rich Tl-1223 superconductors are discussed

Performance-Microstructure Relations in Ni/CGO Infiltrated Nb-doped SrTiO3 SOFC Anodes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ramos, Tania; Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Reddy Sudireddy, Bhaskar

2012-01-01

Nb-doped SrTiO3 solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes, infiltrated with CGO/Ni, were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and high resolution microscopy techniques, upon varying production and testing parameters. The electrochemical analysis involved a combination of distrib......Nb-doped SrTiO3 solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes, infiltrated with CGO/Ni, were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and high resolution microscopy techniques, upon varying production and testing parameters. The electrochemical analysis involved a combination...... of distribution of relaxation times (DRT) and complex non-linear least squares (CNLS) fitting routine. These electrodes were studied as singlephase or as composites with 8YSZ. Sr0.94Ti0.9Nb0.1O3-δ/ 10 vol.% 8YSZ composite infiltrated electrodes were the best overall performers, with enhanced performance stability...

Stoichiometry control of SrVO{sub 3} thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scheiderer, Philipp; Schmitt, Matthias; Sing, Michael; Claessen, Ralph [Universitaet Wuerzburg, Physikalisches Institut and Roentgen Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), 97074 Wuerzburg (Germany)

2016-07-01

Oxide heterostructures exhibit fascinating properties, e.g., the coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism at the interface of LaAlO{sub 3}/SrTiO{sub 3}, but the extraordinary electronic properties of transition metal oxides caused by electron correlation yet wait to be fully harnessed. One suitable candidate for future device applications is the correlated metal SrVO{sub 3}, which can be prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on commonly used substrates such as SrTiO{sub 3}. Sample fabrication by PLD offers a wide variety of possibilities to manipulate the structural and electronic properties of the grown films in a controlled way. Here we report on the manipulation of the cation and oxygen stoichiometry of SrVO{sub 3} thin films by tuning the laser flux density of the PLD-ablation process and the oxygen background pressure during growth, respectively. In situ photoemission, x-ray diffraction, and temperature dependent resistivity measurements enable us to monitor the structural and electronic changes: Cation off-stoichiometry causes a strong increase of the out-of-plane lattice constant as well as a lower residual resistivity ratio, while excess oxygen is found to induce a shift to higher vanadium valences. After exposure to air a similar shift is detected, indicating an overoxidation of the SrVO{sub 3} film.

Perovskite oxides La0.4Sr0.6CoxMn1-xO3 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4 as an effective electrocatalyst for lithium—air batteries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yajun Zhao

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Co-doped perovskite oxide La0.4Sr0.6CoxMn1-xO3 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4 composites are prepared by sol–gel method utilizing citric acid as chelating agent. These composites show good catalytic activities when tested as catalysts rechargeable lithium—air batteries. In particular, the La0.4Sr0.6Co0.4Mn0.6O3 shows a lower potential gap. When these samples are tested as catalysts for Li—air batteries at a current density of 100 mA g−1, the discharge capacities with different La0.4Sr0.6CoxMn1-xO3 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4 catalysts are 5819, 6420, and 7227 mA h g−1, respectively. In addition, under a capacity limitation of 1000 mA h g−1, the cell using La0.4Sr0.6Co0.4Mn0.6O3 as catalyst shows good cycling stability up to 46 cycles. The good electrochemical performance suggests that suitable doping of Co in Mn site of La0.4Sr0.6MnO3 could be a promising route to improve the catalytic activity.

Sr - an element shows the way - Applications of Sr isotopes for provenance, tracing and migration (Invited)

Science.gov (United States)

Prohaska, T.; Irrgeher, J.; Zitek, A.; Teschler Nicola, M.

2010-12-01

presented for Sr isotope ratios simply supported by the fact that a higher statistical number of samples could be analyzed. Further supported by direct introductions systems such as laser ablation, the popularity of Sr in science has increased steadily. A number of fields of applications make nowadays use of the system so far: anthropology and archaeology as well as food science, chemical technology, forensic science, medicine or biology. The Sr isotope system will be presented along with analytical techniques applied. Selected examples making use of the natural Sr isotopic variation will be reported: Proof of provenance of food, forensic applications and migration studies on prehistoric cultures or modern biological systems. In addition, the application of enriched Sr isotope spikes will be presented. The spikes are administered in order to investigate Sr turnovers (e.g. as proxy for Ca in biomedical studies), marking tissues for tracing and migration experiments and investigating environmental processes.

XPS study of surface state of novel perovskite system Dy{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Co{sub 0.8}Fe{sub 0.2}O{sub 3-δ} as cathode for solid oxide fuel cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kautkar, Pranay R.; Acharya, Smita A., E-mail: saha275@yahoo.com; Tumram, Priya V. [Depatment of Physics, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Campus, Nagpur-440033 (India); Deshpande, U. P. [UGC-DAE Consortium for scientific Research, University Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore-452001, Madhya Pradesh,India (India)

2016-05-06

In the present attempt,novel perovskite oxide Dy{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Co{sub 0.8}Fe{sub 0.2}O{sub 3–δ} (DSCF) as cathode material has been synthesized by an Ethylene glycol-citrate combined sol-gel combustion route. Orthorhombic symmetry structure is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and data is well fitted using Rietveld refinement by Full-Prof software suite. Chemical natureof surface of DSCF has been analyzed by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS result shows that Dy ions are in +3 oxidation state and Sr in +2 states. However Co2p and Fe2p spectra indicates partial change in oxidation state from Co3+/Fe3+ to Co4+/Fe4+. These attribute to develop active sites on the surface for oxygen ions. O1s XPS spectra shows two oxygen peaks relatedto lattice oxygen in perovskite and absorbed oxygen in oxygen vacancy are detected. O1s spectra demonstrate the existence of adsorbed oxygen species on the surface of DSCF oxide which is quite beneficial for intermediate temperature of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell.

Influence of iron solubility and charged surface-active compounds on lipid oxidation in fatty acid ethyl esters containing association colloids.

Science.gov (United States)

Homma, Rika; Johnson, David R; McClements, D Julian; Decker, Eric A

2016-05-15

The impact of iron compounds with different solubilities on lipid oxidation was studied in the presence and absence of association colloids. Iron (III) sulfate only accelerated lipid oxidation in the presence of association colloids while iron (III) oleate accelerated oxidation in the presence and absence of association colloids. Further, iron (III) oxide retarded lipid oxidation both with and without association colloids. The impact of charged association colloids on lipid oxidation in ethyl oleate was also investigated. Association colloids consisting of the anionic surface-active compound dodecyl sulphosuccinate sodium salt (AOT), cationic surface-active compound hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and nonionic surface-active compound 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl-polyethylene glycol (Triton X-100) retarded, promoted, and had no effect on lipid oxidation rates, respectively. These results indicate that the polarity of metal compounds and the charge of association colloids play a big role in lipid oxidation. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio analysis by laser ablation MC-ICP-MS in scales, spines, and fin rays as a nonlethal alternative to otoliths for reconstructing fish life history

Science.gov (United States)

Willmes, Malte; Glessner, Justin J. G.; Carleton, Scott A.; Gerrity, Paul C.; Hobbs, James A.

2016-01-01

Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) in otoliths are a well-established tool to determine origins and movement patterns of fish. However, otolith extraction requires sacrificing fish, and when working with protected or endangered species, the use of nonlethal samples such as scales, spines, and fin rays is preferred. Unlike otoliths that are predominantly aragonite, these tissues are composed of biological apatite. Laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) analysis of biological apatite can induce significant interference on mass 87, causing inaccurate 87Sr/86Sr measurements. To quantify this interference, we applied LA-MC-ICP-MS to three marine samples (white seabass (Atractoscion nobilis) otolith; green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) pectoral fin ray; salmon shark (Lamna ditropis) tooth), and freshwater walleye (Sander vitreus) otoliths, scales, and spines). Instrument conditions that maximize signal intensity resulted in elevated 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios in the bioapatite samples, related to a polyatomic interference (40Ca31P16O, 40Ar31P16O). Retuning instrument conditions to reduce oxide levels removed this interference, resulting in accurate 87Sr/86Sr ratios across all tissue samples. This method provides a novel, nonlethal alternative to otolith analysis to reconstruct fish life histories.

Electrical, thermal and electrochemical properties of SmBa_1_−_xSr_xCo_2O_5_+_δ cathode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Subardi, Adi; Chen, Ching-Cheng; Cheng, Meng-Hsien; Chang, Wen-Ku; Fu, Yen-Pei

2016-01-01

The effects of Sr doping on the Ba-site of SmBaCo_2O_5_+_δ in term of structure characteristics, thermal expansion coefficients (TECs), electrical properties and electrochemical performance have been investigated as cathode material for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). The TECs of SBSC-based cathodes are calculated from 19.8 − 20.5 × 10"−"6 K"−"1 in the temperature range of 100–800 °C, and the TEC values decrease with increasing Sr content. The oxygen content and the average oxidation state of cobalt increase with increasing Sr content determined by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) results. At a given temperature, the electrical conductivity values are in the order as follows: SBSC55 > SBSC73 > SBSC91. This behavior might be due to the increase in electronic hole. The electrical conductivities of SBSC55 at 600 °C are distributed in the range of 660 S/cm of p(O_2) = 0.01 atm to 1168 S/cm of p(O_2) = 0.21 atm, indicating that the cathode can endure reducing atmosphere. SBSC55 with high electrical conductivity in p(O_2) = 0.01 atm is ascribed to SBSC55 with stable double-perovskite structure at such low oxygen partial pressure. The SBSC55 cathode showed the highest power density of 304 mW/cm"2 at operating temperature of 700 °C. Based on the electrochemical properties, SBSC55 is a potential cathode for IT-SOFCs.

Physics of SrTiO3-based heterostructures and nanostructures: a review.

Science.gov (United States)

Pai, Yun-Yi; Tylan-Tyler, Anthony; Irvin, Patrick; Levy, Jeremy

2018-02-09

This review provides a summary of the rich physics expressed within SrTiO 3 -based heterostructures and nanostructures. The intended audience is researchers who are working in the field of oxides, but also those with different backgrounds (e.g., semiconductor nanostructures). After reviewing the relevant properties of SrTiO 3 itself, we will then discuss the basics of SrTiO 3 -based heterostructures, how they can be grown, and how devices are typically fabricated. Next, we will cover the physics of these heterostructures, including their phase diagram and coupling between the various degrees of freedom. Finally, we will review the rich landscape of quantum transport phenomena, as well as the devices that elicit them.

Physics of SrTiO3-based heterostructures and nanostructures: a review

Science.gov (United States)

Pai, Yun-Yi; Tylan-Tyler, Anthony; Irvin, Patrick; Levy, Jeremy

2018-03-01

This review provides a summary of the rich physics expressed within SrTiO3-based heterostructures and nanostructures. The intended audience is researchers who are working in the field of oxides, but also those with different backgrounds (e.g., semiconductor nanostructures). After reviewing the relevant properties of SrTiO3 itself, we will then discuss the basics of SrTiO3-based heterostructures, how they can be grown, and how devices are typically fabricated. Next, we will cover the physics of these heterostructures, including their phase diagram and coupling between the various degrees of freedom. Finally, we will review the rich landscape of quantum transport phenomena, as well as the devices that elicit them.

R and D status of oxide electro-refining reprocessing technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Myochin, Munetaka

2005-01-01

The oxide electro-refining pyrochemical reprocessing is excellent in the resistivity against nuclear material diversion and in the suitability for oxide fuel cycle and has an excellent affinity for the technology of fuel production using the vibropac method. The oxide electro-refining pyrochemical reprocessing system has therefore been examined as a part of studies of commercialization of FBR cycle. This report outlines the examination results of fundamental data acquired for the system design. (M.H.)

Tilt engineering of exchange coupling at G-type SrMnO3/(La,Sr)MnO3 interfaces

Science.gov (United States)

Li, F.; Song, C.; Wang, Y. Y.; Cui, B.; Mao, H. J.; Peng, J. J.; Li, S. N.; Wang, G. Y.; Pan, F.

2015-11-01

With the recent realization of hybrid improper ferroelectricity and room-temperature multiferroic by tilt engineering, “functional” octahedral tilting has become a novel concept in multifunctional perovskite oxides, showing great potential for property manipulation and device design. However, the control of magnetism by octahedral tilting has remained a challenging issue. Here a qualitative and quantitative tilt engineering of exchange coupling, one of the magnetic properties, is demonstrated at compensated G-type antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic (SrMnO3/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3) interfaces. According to interfacial Hamiltonian, exchange bias (EB) in this system originates from an in-plane antiphase rotation (a-) in G-type antiferromagnetic layer. Based on first-principles calculation, tilt patterns in SrMnO3 are artificially designed in experiment with different epitaxial strain and a much stronger EB is attained in the tensile heterostructure than the compressive counterpart. By controlling the magnitude of octahedral tilting, the manipulation of exchange coupling is even performed in a quantitative manner, as expected in the theoretical estimation. This work realized the combination of tilt engineering and exchange coupling, which might be significant for the development of multifunctional materials and antiferromagnetic spintronics.

Structures and Heats of Formation of Simple Alkaline Earth Metal Compounds II: Fluorides, Chlorides, Oxides, and Hydroxides for Ba, Sr, and Ra.

Science.gov (United States)

Vasiliu, Monica; Hill, J Grant; Peterson, Kirk A; Dixon, David A

2018-01-11

Geometry parameters, vibrational frequencies, heats of formation, bond dissociation energies, cohesive energies, and selected fluoride affinities (difluorides) are predicted for the late alkaline earth (Sr, Ba, and Ra) oxides, fluorides, chlorides, and hydroxides at the coupled cluster theory CCSD(T) level. Additional corrections (scalar relativistic and pseudopotential corrections, vibrational zero-point energies, and atomic spin-orbit effects) were included to accurately calculate the total atomization energies and heats of formation following the Feller-Peterson-Dixon methodology. The calculated values are compared to the experimental data where available. In some cases, especially for Ra compounds, there are no experimental results, or the experimental energetics and geometries are not reliable or have very large error bars. All of the Sr, Ba, and Ra difluorides, dichlorides, and dihydroxides are bent structures with the OMO bond angles decreasing going down the group. The cohesive energies of bulk Be dihalides are predicted to be quite low, while those of Ra are relatively large. The fluoride affinities show that the difluorides are moderately strong Lewis acids and that such trifluorides may form under the appropriate experimental conditions.

A perovskite oxide with high conductivities in both air and reducing atmosphere for use as electrode for solid oxide fuel cells

Science.gov (United States)

Lan, Rong; Cowin, Peter I.; Sengodan, Sivaprakash; Tao, Shanwen

2016-08-01

Electrode materials which exhibit high conductivities in both oxidising and reducing atmospheres are in high demand for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and solid oxide electrolytic cells (SOECs). In this paper, we investigated Cu-doped SrFe0.9Nb0.1O3-δ finding that the primitive perovskite oxide SrFe0.8Cu0.1Nb0.1O3-δ (SFCN) exhibits a conductivity of 63 Scm-1and 60 Scm-1 at 415 °C in air and 5%H2/Ar respectively. It is believed that the high conductivity in 5%H2/Ar is related to the exsolved Fe (or FeCu alloy) on exposure to a reducing atmosphere. To the best of our knowledge, the conductivity of SrFe0.8Cu0.1Nb0.1O3-δ in a reducing atmosphere is the highest of all reported oxides which also exhibit a high conductivity in air. Fuel cell performance using SrFe0.8Cu0.1Nb0.1O3-δ as the anode, (Y2O3)0.08(ZrO2)0.92 as the electrolyte and La0.8Sr0.2FeO3-δ as the cathode achieved a power density of 423 mWcm-2 at 700 °C indicating that SFCN is a promising anode for SOFCs.

The Formation Time of Ti-O• and Ti-O•-Ti Radicals at the n-SrTiO3/Aqueous Interface during Photocatalytic Water Oxidation.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Xihan; Choing, Stephanie N; Aschaffenburg, Daniel J; Pemmaraju, C D; Prendergast, David; Cuk, Tanja

2017-02-08

The initial step of photocatalytic water oxidation reaction at the metal oxide/aqueous interface involves intermediates formed by trapping photogenerated, valence band holes on different reactive sites of the oxide surface. In SrTiO 3, these one-electron intermediates are radicals located in Ti-O • (oxyl) and Ti-O • -Ti (bridge) groups arranged perpendicular and parallel to the surface respectively, and form electronic states in the band gap of SrTiO 3 . Using an ultrafast sub band gap probe of 400 nm and white light, we excited transitions between these radical states and the conduction band. By measuring the time evolution of surface reflectivity following the pump pulse of 266 nm light, we determined an initial radical formation time of 1.3 ± 0.2 ps, which is identical to the time to populate the surface with titanium oxyl (Ti-O • ) radicals. The oxyl was separately observed by a subsurface vibration near 800 cm -1 from Ti-O located in the plane right below Ti-O • . Second, a polarized transition optical dipole allows us to assign the 1.3 ps time constant to the production of both O-site radicals. After a 4.5 ps delay, another distinct surface species forms with a time constant of 36 ± 10 ps with a yet undetermined structure. As would be expected, the radicals' decay, specifically probed by the oxyl's subsurface vibration, parallels that of the photocurrent. Our results led us to propose a nonadiabatic kinetic mechanism for generating radicals of the type Ti-O • and Ti-O • -Ti from valence band holes based on their solvation at aqueous interfaces.

Rh promoted La0.75Sr0.25(Fe0.8Co0.2)1−xGaxO3-δ perovskite catalysts: Characterization and catalytic performance for methane partial oxidation to synthesis gas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Palcheva, R.; Olsbye, U.; Palcut, M.; Rauwel, P.; Tyuliev, G.; Velinov, N.; Fjellvåg, H.H.

2015-01-01

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Perovskites type-oxide La 0.75 Sr 0.25 (Fe 0.8 Co 0.2 ) 1−x Ga x O 3-δ (x = 0.1, 0.25, 0.4) prepared by the sol–gel citrate method. • Bulk and surface analysis to determine catalysts composition evolution. • Anaerobic catalytic partial oxidation of methane to syngas at 600 °C in a pulse apparatus over Rh promoted perovskites. • The catalysts showed high stability and selectivity. - Abstract: Synthesis gas production via selective oxidation of methane at 600 °C in a pulse reaction over La 0.75 Sr 0.25 (Fe 0.8 Co 0.2 ) 1−x Ga x O 3-δ (x = 0.1, 0.25, 0.4) perovskite-supported rhodium catalysts, was investigated. The perovskite oxides were prepared by sol–gel citrate method and characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Moessbauer Spectroscopy (MS), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR-H 2 ), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). According to XRD analysis, the synthesized samples were a single perovskite phase. The perovskite structure of Ga substituted samples remained stable after TPR-H 2 , as confirmed by XRD. Data of MS identified Fe 3+ ions in two distinctive coordination environments, and Fe 4+ ions. The Rh 2 O 3 thin overlayer was detected by the HRTEM for the Rh impregnated perovskite oxides. During the interaction of methane with oxidized perovskite-supported Rh (0.5 wt.%) catalysts, besides CO, H 2 , and surface carbon, CO 2 and H 2 O were formed. The Rh perovskite catalyst with x = 0.25 gallium exhibits the highest catalytic activity of 83% at 600 °C. The CO selectivity was affected by the reducibility of La 0.75 Sr 0.25 (Fe 0.8 Co 0.2 ) 1−x Ga x O 3-δ perovskite materials.

Kinetics and mechanism of the cutinase-catalyzed transesterification of oils in AOT reversed micellar system.

Science.gov (United States)

Badenes, Sara M; Lemos, Francisco; Cabral, Joaquim M S

2011-11-01

The kinetics of the enzymatic transesterification between a mixture of triglycerides (oils) and methanol for biodiesel production in a bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT)/isooctane reversed micellar system, using recombinant cutinase from Fusarium solani pisi as a catalyst, was investigated. In order to describe the results that were obtained, a mechanistic scheme was proposed, based on the literature and on the experimental data. This scheme includes the following reaction steps: the formation of the active enzyme-substrate complex, the addition of an alcohol molecule to the complex followed by the separation of a molecule of the fatty acid alkyl ester and a glycerol moiety, and release of the active enzyme. Enzyme inhibition and deactivation effects due to methanol and glycerol were incorporated in the model. This kinetic model was fitted to the concentration profiles of the fatty acid methyl esters (the components of biodiesel), tri-, di- and monoglycerides, obtained for a 24 h transesterification reaction performed in a stirred batch reactor under different reaction conditions of enzyme and initial substrates concentration.

Strain dependence of interfacial antiferromagnetic coupling in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrRuO3 superlattices

Science.gov (United States)

Das, Sujit; Herklotz, Andreas; Pippel, Eckhard; Guo, Er-Jia; Rata, Diana; Dörr, Kathrin

2015-03-01

We have investigated the magnetic response of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrRuO3 superlattices to biaxial in-plane strain applied in-situ. Superlattices grown on piezoelectric substrates of 0.72PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-0.28PbTiO3(001) (PMN-PT) show strong antiferromagnetic coupling of the two ferromagnetic components. The coupling field of μ0HAF = 1.8 T is found to change by μ0 ΔHAF / Δɛ ~ -520 mT %-1 under reversible biaxial strain (Δɛ) at 80 K in a [La0.7Sr0.3MnO3(22 Å)/SrRuO3(55 Å)]15 superlattice. This reveals a significant strain effect on interfacial coupling. The applied in-plane compression enhances the ferromagnetic order in the manganite layers which are under as-grown tensile strain. It is thus difficult to disentangle the contributions from strain-dependent antiferromagnetic Mn-O-Ru interface coupling and Mn-O-Mn ferromagnetic double exchange near the interface, since the enhanced magnetic order of Mn spins leads to a larger net coupling of SrRuO3 layers at the interface. We discuss our experimental findings taken into account both the strain-dependent orbital occupation in a single-ion picture and the enhanced Mn order at the interface. This work was supported by the DFG within the Collaborative Research Center SFB 762 ``Functionality of Oxide Interfaces.''

A ferroelectric switchable tunnel junction: KNbO{sub 3}/SrTiO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rahmanizadeh, Kourosh; Bihlmayer, Gustav; Wortmann, Daniel; Bluegel, Stefan [Peter Gruenberg Institut (PGI-1) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-1), Forschungszentrum Juelich and JARA, 52425 Juelich (Germany)

2012-07-01

The properties of thin oxide films and multilayers are strongly influenced by defects and, therefore, can be controllably tuned by the defect concentration at the interface. For example, due to the charge discontinuity at the SrTiO{sub 3}/KO-KNbO{sub 3}-NbO{sub 2}/SrTiO{sub 3} interface only one direction of polarization in KNbO{sub 3} film is stable. A switchable polarization in KNbO{sub 3} can be realized by creating (oxygen) defects at the interfaces. We carried out density functional theory (DFT) calculations based on the full potential linearized augmented planewave (FLAPW) method as implemented in the FLEUR code for studying the polar interface SrTiO{sub 3}/KNbO{sub 3} and a SrRuO{sub 3}/SrTiO{sub 3}/KNbO{sub 3} tunnel junction. The electronic transport properties of the switchable multiferroic SrRuO{sub 3}/SrTiO{sub 3}/KO-KNbO{sub 3}-NbO{sub 3}/SrTiO{sub 3}/SrRuO{sub 3} heterostructure have been investigated using an embedded Green-function approach. A strong dependence of the (magneto electric) transport properties on the polarization is observed.

Patterning of high mobility electron gases at complex oxide interfaces

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Trier, Felix; Prawiroatmodjo, G. E. D. K.; von Soosten, Merlin

2015-01-01

Oxide interfaces provide an opportunity for electronics. However, patterning of electron gases at complex oxide interfaces is challenging. In particular, patterning of complex oxides while preserving a high electron mobility remains underexplored and inhibits the study of quantum mechanical effects...... of amorphous-LSM (a-LSM) thin films, which acts as a hard mask during subsequent depositions. Strikingly, the patterned modulation-doped interface shows electron mobilities up to ∼8 700 cm2/V s at 2 K, which is among the highest reported values for patterned conducting complex oxide interfaces that usually...... where extended electron mean free paths are paramount. This letter presents an effective patterning strategy of both the amorphous-LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (a-LAO/STO) and modulation-doped amorphous-LaAlO3/La7/8Sr1/8MnO3/SrTiO3 (a-LAO/LSM/STO) oxide interfaces. Our patterning is based on selective wet etching...

Structure and Dynamics Investigations of Sr/Ca-Doped LaPO₄ Proton Conductors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

al-Wahish, Amal [Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States). Research Reactor; al-Binni, U. [Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy; Tetard, L. [Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando, FL (United States). NanoScience Technology Center; Bridges, Craig A. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Chemical Sciences Division; Kharel, Krishna [Lamar Univ., Beaumont, TX (United States). Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Günaydın-Şen, Özge [Lamar Univ., Beaumont, TX (United States). Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Huq, A. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Chemical and Engineering Materials Division; Musfeldt, J. L. [Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy; Paranthaman, M. P. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Chemical Sciences Division; Mandrus, D. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science & Technology Division; Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy; Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering

2017-05-15

Proton conductors loom out of the pool of candidate materials with great potential to boost hydrogen alternatives to fossil-based resources for energy. Acceptor doped lanthanum orthophosphates are considered for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) for their potential stability and conductivity at high temperature. By exploring the crystal and defect structure of x% Sr/Ca-doped LaPO₄ with different nominal Sr/Ca concentrations (x = 0 – 10) with Neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), we confirm that Sr/Ca-doped LaPO₄ can exist as self-supported structures at high temperatures during solid oxide fuel cell operation. Thermal stability, surface topography, size distribution are also studied to better understand the proton conductivity for dry and wet compounds obtained at sintering temperatures ranging from 1200 to 1400 °C using a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In conclusion, the results suggest that Sr doped samples exhibit the highest proton conductivity of our samples and illustrate the impact of material design and versatile characterization schemes on the development of proton conductors with superior functionality.

Interface Control of Ferroelectricity in an SrRuO3 /BaTiO3 /SrRuO3 Capacitor and its Critical Thickness.

Science.gov (United States)

Shin, Yeong Jae; Kim, Yoonkoo; Kang, Sung-Jin; Nahm, Ho-Hyun; Murugavel, Pattukkannu; Kim, Jeong Rae; Cho, Myung Rae; Wang, Lingfei; Yang, Sang Mo; Yoon, Jong-Gul; Chung, Jin-Seok; Kim, Miyoung; Zhou, Hua; Chang, Seo Hyoung; Noh, Tae Won

2017-05-01

The atomic-scale synthesis of artificial oxide heterostructures offers new opportunities to create novel states that do not occur in nature. The main challenge related to synthesizing these structures is obtaining atomically sharp interfaces with designed termination sequences. In this study, it is demonstrated that the oxygen pressure (PO2) during growth plays an important role in controlling the interfacial terminations of SrRuO 3 /BaTiO 3 /SrRuO 3 (SRO/BTO/SRO) ferroelectric (FE) capacitors. The SRO/BTO/SRO heterostructures are grown by a pulsed laser deposition method. The top SRO/BTO interface, grown at high PO2 (around 150 mTorr), usually exhibits a mixture of RuO 2 -BaO and SrO-TiO 2 terminations. By reducing PO2, the authors obtain atomically sharp SRO/BTO top interfaces with uniform SrO-TiO 2 termination. Using capacitor devices with symmetric and uniform interfacial termination, it is demonstrated for the first time that the FE critical thickness can reach the theoretical limit of 3.5 unit cells. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Analysis of the perovskite structure LaxSr1-xCryMn1-yO3-δ with potential application as an anode for solid oxide fuel cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alvarado Flores, J.J.

2017-07-01

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are complex devices that offer great advantages over conventional manner in which electrical energy is produced. Many of these advantages revolve around the environmental impact and particularly energy efficiency. However, progress in the field of these devices operating at high temperatures require the continuous search for new materials with advanced properties, optimization in manufacturing, cutting edge technologies for the processing of its main components (anode-electrolyte-cathode-seal) and low manufacturing costs. Here, the perovskite structure material LaxSr1-xCryMn1-yO3-δ (LSCM) is efficient, stable redox environments, has low manufacturing cost and is optimized for SOFC applications. Its properties compare favorably with the compound Ni/YSZ using hydrogen as a fuel; and when methane is used, it requires only 3% moisture to prevent carbon formation, which is much lower compared to when used Ni/YSZ (50% moisture). The LSCM material allows a SOFC cell operate at intermediate temperatures around 700°C. This article provides a brief review of the excellent properties and potential presented by this perovskite. (Author)

Application of SR Methods for the Study of Nanocomposite Materials for Hydrogen Energy

Science.gov (United States)

Sadykov, V. A.; Pavlova, S. N.; Vinokurov, Z. S.; Shmakov, A. N.; Eremeev, N. F.; Fedorova, Yu. E.; Yakimchuk, E. P.; Kriventsov, V. V.; Bolotov, V. A.; Tanashev, Yu. Yu.; Sadovskaya, E. M.; Cherepanova, S. V.; Zolotarev, K. V.

This work summarizes results of synchrotron radiation (SR) studies of the real/defect structure of nanocrystalline/nanocomposite oxide materials, which determines their functional properties in hydrogen energy field as catalysts and mixed ionic electronic conductors (cathodes and anodes of solid oxide fuel cells, oxygen separation membranes). For nanocrystalline ceria-zirconia mixed oxide prepared via modified Pechini route using ethanol solution of reagents, a high spatial uniformity of cations distribution between domains along with the oxygen sublattice deficiency revealed by full-profile Rietveld refinement of SR diffraction data provide structure disordering enhancing oxygen mobility. For PrNi0.5Co0.5O3-δ - Ce0.9Y0.1O2-δ nanocomposite extensive transfer of Pr cations into fluorite domains generates a new path of fast oxygen diffusion along chains of Pr3+ - Pr4+ cations as directly proved by analysis of the unit cell relaxation after changing pO2 in perfect agreement with data obtained by oxygen isotope heteroexchange.

Technological pretreatment of the synchysite non-oxidized ore

Science.gov (United States)

Munkhtsetseg, B.; Burmaa, G.

2013-06-01

Mongolia has rich deposits of rare, precious, and poly-metallic ores. Nowadays, it is important to research separation of rare earth elements oxides concentrates from the ores, analyze their unique physical chemical characteristics, and purified it. Our investigation on raw materials focuses on rare earth non-oxidized ores. Main mineral in this rock sample is Synchysite (LnCa(CO3)2F. We did technological and thermal pretreatment: direct sulphurization (H2SO4), sulphurization with subsequent roasting (800°C+H2SO4), sulphurization prior to roasting (H2SO4+650°C). Sulphurization method based on dissolution of rare earth mineral into sulfuric acid (93%) according to the reaction. The amount of rare earth element oxides is almost 10 times greater (29.16%) after direct sulphurization process, almost 8 times greater (21.14%) after sulphurization with subsequent roasting, and almost 20 times greater (44.62%) after sulphurization prior to roasting process. After those technological pretreatment raw material's micro elements Thorium and Uranium contents are reduced as follows: H2SO4>800°C+H2SO4>H2SO4+650°C. These results show that cerium group rare earth elements have very good solubility in water at +2°C temperature and decreasing micro elements content uranium and thorium good pretreatment condition is prior to roasting (H2SO4+650°C) of synchysite non-oxidized ore.

Perovskite oxide SrTiO3 as an efficient electron transporter for hybrid perovskite solar cells

KAUST Repository

Bera, Ashok

2014-12-11

In this work, we explored perovskite oxide SrTiO3 (STO) for the first time as the electron-transporting layer in organolead trihalide perovskite solar cells. The steady-state photoluminescence (PL) quenching and transient absorption experiments revealed efficient photoelectron transfer from CH3NH3PbI3-xClx to STO. Perovskite solar cells with meso-STO exhibit an open circuit voltage of 1.01 V, which is 25% higher than the value of 0.81 V achieved in the control device with the conventional meso-TiO2. In addition, an increase of 17% in the fill factor was achieved by tailoring the thickness of the meso-STO layer. We found that the application of STO leads to uniform perovskite layers with large grains and complete surface coverage, leading to a high shunt resistance and improved performance. These findings suggest STO as a competitive candidate as electron transport material in organometal perovskite solar cells.

Perovskite oxide SrTiO3 as an efficient electron transporter for hybrid perovskite solar cells

KAUST Repository

Bera, Ashok; Wu, Kewei; Sheikh, Arif D.; Alarousu, Erkki; Mohammed, Omar F.; Wu, Tao

2014-01-01

In this work, we explored perovskite oxide SrTiO3 (STO) for the first time as the electron-transporting layer in organolead trihalide perovskite solar cells. The steady-state photoluminescence (PL) quenching and transient absorption experiments revealed efficient photoelectron transfer from CH3NH3PbI3-xClx to STO. Perovskite solar cells with meso-STO exhibit an open circuit voltage of 1.01 V, which is 25% higher than the value of 0.81 V achieved in the control device with the conventional meso-TiO2. In addition, an increase of 17% in the fill factor was achieved by tailoring the thickness of the meso-STO layer. We found that the application of STO leads to uniform perovskite layers with large grains and complete surface coverage, leading to a high shunt resistance and improved performance. These findings suggest STO as a competitive candidate as electron transport material in organometal perovskite solar cells.

Enhanced stability of solid oxide fuel cells by employing a modified cathode-interlayer interface with a dense La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ thin film

Science.gov (United States)

De Vero, Jeffrey C.; Develos-Bagarinao, Katherine; Kishimoto, Haruo; Ishiyama, Tomohiro; Yamaji, Katsuhiko; Horita, Teruhisa; Yokokawa, Harumi

2018-02-01

In La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) cathode/Gd-doped ceria (GDC)/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)-electrolyte based solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), one of the key issues affecting performance and long-term stability is the apparent deactivation of LSCF cathode by the presence of secondary phases such as SrZrO3 at the interfaces. Herein, we report that by modifying the cathode-interlayer interface with a dense LSCF thin film, the severe cation interdiffusion is suppressed especially the fast gas or surface diffusion of Sr into adjacent GDC-interlayer/YSZ-electrolyte resulting in the significant reduction of SrZrO3 formation at the interfaces improving cell stability. In order to understand the present results, the interface chemistry is carefully considered and discussed. The results show that modification of cathode-interlayer interfaces is an important strategy for improving the lifetime of SOFCs.

Candidate muon-probe sites in oxide superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dawson, W.K.; Tibbs, K.; Weathersby, S.P.; Boekema, C.; Chan, K.B.

1988-01-01

Two independent search methods (potential-energy and magnetic-dipole-field calculations) are used to determine muon stop sites in the RBa 2 Cu 3 O/sub x/ (x≅7) superconductors. Possible sites, located about 1 A away from oxygen ions, have been found and are prime candidates as muon-probe locations. The results are discussed in light of existing muon-spin-relaxation (μSR) data of these exciting oxides, and compared to H- and positron-oxide superconductor studies. Further work is in progress to establish in detail the muon-probe sites; this knowledge is an essential ingredient for a correct interpretation of μSR data of high-temperature superconducting oxides

Tuning thermal conductivity in homoepitaxial SrTiO{sub 3} films via defects

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brooks, Charles M. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1501 (United States); Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (United States); Wilson, Richard B.; Cahill, David G. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (United States); Schäfer, Anna; Schubert, Jürgen [Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI9-IT), JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich (Germany); Mundy, Julia A.; Holtz, Megan E. [School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (United States); Muller, David A. [School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (United States); Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853 (United States); Schlom, Darrell G. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1501 (United States); Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853 (United States)

2015-08-03

We demonstrate the ability to tune the thermal conductivity of homoepitaxial SrTiO{sub 3} films deposited by reactive molecular-beam epitaxy by varying growth temperature, oxidation environment, and cation stoichiometry. Both point defects and planar defects decrease the longitudinal thermal conductivity (k{sub 33}), with the greatest decrease in films of the same composition observed for films containing planar defects oriented perpendicular to the direction of heat flow. The longitudinal thermal conductivity can be modified by as much as 80%—from 11.5 W m{sup −1}K{sup −1} for stoichiometric homoepitaxial SrTiO{sub 3} to 2 W m{sup −1}K{sup −1} for strontium-rich homoepitaxial Sr{sub 1+δ}TiO{sub x} films—by incorporating (SrO){sub 2} Ruddlesden-Popper planar defects.

Tuning metal-insulator behavior in LaTiO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures integrated directly on Si(100) through control of atomic layer thickness

Science.gov (United States)

Ahmadi-Majlan, Kamyar; Chen, Tongjie; Lim, Zheng Hui; Conlin, Patrick; Hensley, Ricky; Chrysler, Matthew; Su, Dong; Chen, Hanghui; Kumah, Divine P.; Ngai, Joseph H.

2018-05-01

We present electrical and structural characterization of epitaxial LaTiO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures integrated directly on Si(100). By reducing the thicknesses of the heterostructures, an enhancement in carrier-carrier scattering is observed in the Fermi liquid behavior, followed by a metal to insulator transition in the electrical transport. The insulating behavior is described by activated transport, and its onset occurs near an occupation of 1 electron per Ti site within the SrTiO3, providing evidence for a Mott driven transition. We also discuss the role that structure and gradients in strain could play in enhancing the carrier density. The manipulation of Mott metal-insulator behavior in oxides grown directly on Si opens the pathway to harnessing strongly correlated phenomena in device technologies.

Preparation of La{sub 0.75}Sr{sub 0.25}Cr{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O{sub 3-{delta}} fine powders by carbonate coprecipitation for solid oxide fuel cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ha, Sang Bu; Cho, Pyeong-Seok; Cho, Yoon Ho; Lee, Dokyol; Lee, Jong-Heun [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul 136-713 (Korea)

2010-01-01

A range of La{sub 0.75}Sr{sub 0.25}Cr{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O{sub 3-{delta}} (LSCM) powders is prepared by the carbonate coprecipitation method for use as anodes in solid oxide fuel cells. The supersaturation ratio (R = [(NH{sub 4}){sub 2}CO{sub 3}]/([La{sup 3+}] + [Sr{sup 2+}] + [Cr{sup 3+}] + [Mn{sup 2+}])) during the coprecipitation determines the relative compositions of La, Sr, Cr, and Mn. The composition of the precursor approaches the stoichiometric one at the supersaturation range of 4 {<=} R {<=} 12.5, whereas Sr and Mn components are deficient at R < 4 and excessive at R = 25. The fine and phase-pure LSCM powders are prepared by heat treatment at very low temperature (1000 C) at R = 7.5 and 12.5. By contrast, the solid-state reaction requires a higher heat-treatment temperature (1400 C). The catalytic activity of the LSCM electrodes is enhanced by using carbonate-derived powders to manipulate the electrode microstructures. (author)

Grain Boundary Analysis of the Garnet-Like Oxides Li{sub 7+X−Y}La{sub 3−X}A{sub X}Zr{sub 2−Y}Nb{sub Y}O{sub 12} (A = Sr or Ca)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ohta, Shingo, E-mail: shingo_ohta@mail.toyota.co.jp; Kihira, Yuki; Asaoka, Takahiko [Battery & Cell Division, Toyota Central R& D Labs. Inc., Nagakute (Japan)

2016-07-28

Garnet-like oxides having the formula Li{sub 7+X−Y}La{sub 3−X}A{sub X}Zr{sub 2−Y}Nb{sub Y}O{sub 12} (A = Sr or Ca) were synthesized using a solid-state reaction, and their bulk and grain boundary resistivities were assessed by AC impedance measurements. A difference in grain boundary resistivity was identified between Sr and Ca materials, and so the grain boundaries were examined using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The difference in the grain boundary resistivities was attributed to the core–shell structure of the Sr-substituted samples. In contrast, the Ca-substituted materials exhibited accumulations of impurities at the grain boundaries.

Photophysical properties of pyronin dyes in reverse micelles of AOT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bayraktutan, Tuğba; Meral, Kadem; Onganer, Yavuz, E-mail: yonganer@atauni.edu.tr

2014-01-15

The photophysical properties of pyronin B (PyB) and pyronin Y (PyY) in reverse micelles formed with water/sodium bis (2-ethyl-1-hexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)/n-heptane were investigated by UV–vis absorption, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. This study was carried out a wide range of reverse micelle sizes, with hydrodynamic radii ranging from 1.85 to 9.38 nm. Significant photophysical parameters as band shifts, fluorescence quantum yields and fluorescence lifetimes were determined to understand how photophysical and spectroscopic features of the dye compounds were affected by the variation of reverse micelle sizes. In this regard, control of reverse micelle size by changing W{sub 0}, the molar ratio of water to surfactant, allowed tuning the photophysical properties of the dyes in organic solvent via reverse micelle. Non-fluorescent H-aggregates of pyronin dyes were observed for the smaller reverse micelles whereas an increase in the reverse micelle size induced an increment in the amount of dye monomers instead of dye aggregates. Thus, the fluorescence intensities of the dyes were improved by increasing W{sub 0} due to the predomination of the fluorescent dye monomers. As a result, the fluorescence quantum yields also increased. The fluorescence lifetimes of the dyes in the reverse micelles were determined by the time-resolved fluorescence decay studies. Evaluation of the fluorescence lifetimes calculated for pyronin dyes in the reverse micelles showed that the size of reverse micelle affected the fluorescence lifetimes of pyronin dyes. -- Highlights: • The photophysical properties of pyronin dyes were examined by spectroscopic techniques. • Optical properties of the dyes were tuned by changing of W{sub 0} values. • The fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield values of the dyes in reverse micelles were discussed.

Resistive switching phenomena of extended defects in Nb-doped SrTiO3 under influence of external gradients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rodenbuecher, Christian

2014-01-01

Redox-based memristive materials have attracted much attention in the last decade owing to their ability to change the resistance upon application of an electric field making them promising candidates for future non-volatile memories. However, a fundamental understanding of the nature of the resistive switching effect, which is indispensable for designing future technological applications,is still lacking. As a prototype material of a memristive oxide, strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ) has been investigated intensively and it was revealed that the valence change of a Ti ''d'' electron plays an important role during resistive switching related to insulator-to-metal transition. Such a transition can be induced by electrical gradients, by chemical gradients, by a combination of these gradients or by donor doping. Hence, SrTiO 3 doped with the donor Nb should have metallic properties and is used commonly as a conducting substrate for the growth of functional oxide thin films. Nevertheless,the resistive switching effect has also be observed in Nb-doped SrTiO 3 . This paradoxical situation offers a unique opportunity to gain an insight into the processes during the insulator-to metal transition. In this thesis, a comprehensive study of the influence of external gradients on SrTiO 3 :Nb single crystals is presented. The focus is especially set on the investigation of the crystallographic structure, the chemical composition, the electronic structure, the lattice dynamics and the electronic transport phenomena using surface-sensitive methods on the macro- and nanoscale. On the as-received epi-polished single crystals, the evolution of a surface layer having a slight excess of strontium and - in contrast to the bulk of the material - semiconducting properties are observed. Hence, the key for understanding of the resistive switching effect is the knowledge of the nature of the surface layer. On the basis of systematic studies of the influence of external

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of direct reforming catalysts Ln{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O{sub 3±d} (Ln = La, Nd, and Sm) for high temperature-operating solid oxide fuel cell

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Keunsoo [Department of Engine Research, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Daejeon 305-343 (Korea, Republic of); Jeong, Jihoon [Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (United States); Azad, Abul K. [Faculty of Integrated Technologies, University Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tunku Link, Gadong BE1410 (Brunei Darussalam); Jin, Sang Beom [Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125, Dongseo-Daero, Yusung-Gu, Daejeon 305-719 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Jung Hyun, E-mail: jhkim2011@hanbat.ac.kr [Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125, Dongseo-Daero, Yusung-Gu, Daejeon 305-719 (Korea, Republic of)

2016-03-01

Graphical abstract: Measured Ti 2p peaks and deconvolution peaks of Nd{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O{sub 3±d} under oxidizing condition (left) and NSTM under reducing condition (right). - Highlights: • Chemical states of Ln{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O{sub 3±d} (Ln: La, Nd and Sm) were analyzed. • Charge compensation occurred with the reduction of Mn and Ti. • The Nd substitution effect allowed some Ti to convert into a metallic behavioral component. • NSTM and SSTM had a large amount of lattice oxygen; however, LSTM retained a large quantity of adsorbed oxygen. - Abstract: Chemical states of lanthanide doped perovskite for direct reforming anode catalysts, Ln{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O{sub 3±d} (Ln = La, Nd, and Sm) have been studied by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) in order to determine the effects of various lanthanide substitution in complex perovskites for high temperature-operating solid oxide fuel cells (HT-SOFC). The charge state of lanthanide ions remained at 3+ and the binding energies of the lanthanide ions in Ln{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O{sub 3±d} were located in a relatively lower range compared to those of conventional lanthanide oxides. Mn and Ti were regarded as charge compensation components in Ln{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O{sub 3±d}; Mn was more influential than Ti. In the cases of substituting Nd and Sm into Ln{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O{sub 3±d}, some portion of Ti showed metallic behavior; the specific Mn satellite peak indicating an electro-catalytic effect had occurred. Three types of oxygen species comprised of lattice oxygen, carbonate species, and adsorbed oxygen species were observed in Ln{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O{sub 3±d} from the O 1s spectra; a high portion of lattice oxygen was observed in both Nd{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O{sub 3±d} (NSTM) and Sm{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O

Metastable honeycomb SrTiO_3/SrIrO_3 heterostructures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anderson, T. J.; Ryu, S.; Podkaminer, J. P.; Ma, Y.; Eom, C. B.; Zhou, H.; Xie, L.; Irwin, J.; Rzchowski, M. S.; Pan, X. Q.

2016-01-01

Recent theory predictions of exotic band topologies in (111) honeycomb perovskite SrIrO_3 layers sandwiched between SrTiO_3 have garnered much attention in the condensed matter physics and materials communities. However, perovskite SrIrO_3 film growth in the (111) direction remains unreported, as efforts to synthesize pure SrIrO_3 on (111) perovskite substrates have yielded films with monoclinic symmetry rather than the perovskite structure required by theory predictions. In this study, we report the synthesis of ultra-thin metastable perovskite SrIrO_3 films capped with SrTiO_3 grown on (111) SrTiO_3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The atomic structure of the ultra-thin films was examined with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), which suggests a perovskite layering distinct from the bulk SrIrO_3 monoclinic phase. In-plane 3-fold symmetry for the entire heterostructure was confirmed using synchrotron surface X-ray diffraction to measure symmetry equivalent crystal truncation rods. Our findings demonstrate the ability to stabilize (111) honeycomb perovskite SrIrO_3, which provides an experimental avenue to probe the phenomena predicted for this material system.

OpenSR: An Open-Source Stimulus-Response Testing Framework

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carolyn C. Matheus

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Stimulus–response (S–R tests provide a unique way to acquire information about human perception by capturing automatic responses to stimuli and attentional processes. This paper presents OpenSR, a user-centered S–R testing framework providing a graphical user interface that can be used by researchers to customize, administer, and manage one type of S–R test, the implicit association test. OpenSR provides an extensible open-source Web-based framework that is platform independent and can be implemented on most computers using any operating system. In addition, it provides capabilities for automatically generating and assigning participant identifications, assigning participants to different condition groups, tracking responses, and facilitating collecting and exporting of data. The Web technologies and languages used in creating the OpenSR framework are discussed, namely, HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, jQuery, Twitter Bootstrap, Python, and Django. OpenSR is available for free download.

Synthesis and microstructural characterization of Sr- and Mg-substituted LaGaO3 solid electrolyte

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Datta, Pradyot; Majewski, Peter; Aldinger, Fritz

2007-01-01

Sr and Mg substituted LaGaO 3 is a solid electrolyte for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell. Phase purity of this material is a concern for the researchers for a long time. In this contribution the secondary phases that are evolved during the synthesis of Sr and Mg doped LaGaO 3 are reported. For that purpose, a series of La 1-x Sr x Ga 1-y Mg y O 3-δ (LSGM) was prepared by solid state synthesis route. Scanning electron microscopic photographs showed secondary phases namely La 4 Ga 2 O 9 , LaSrGa 3 O 7 , LaSrGaO 4 along with the parent perovskite LSGM depending upon the amount of dopant. Amount of secondary phases was estimated from the peak positions of room temperature X-ray diffraction. It was observed that for a fixed amount of Mg dopant increasing the amount of Sr content also increased the amount of secondary phases whereas the reverse was found to be true when Sr content was fixed and Mg content was increased. This behaviour was attributed to the increase in solid solubility of Sr in presence of Mg

Specific features of the structure and weight loss of aliovalent-substituted oxides based on lanthanum gallate (La,Sr)(Ga,Fe,Mg)O3-y

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ivanov, S. A.; Kaleva, G. M.; Aleksandrovskii, V. V.; Politova, E. D.; Eriksson, S.

2006-01-01

The structure of the (La 0.9 Sr 0.1 )(Ga 0.56 Fe 0.24 Mg 0.20 )O 2.85+y oxide is investigated using neutron powder diffraction at temperatures of 10, 295, and 1000 K. The results of the structure refinement are in good agreement with the dilatometric and thermogravimetric data and confirm the inference that the valence state of iron cations is higher than 3+ and that the lattice undergoes an additional expansion due to the oxygen loss at temperatures above 870 K

Experiences with the determination of Sr-89 and Sr-90 using fast methods; Erfahrungen bei der Bestimmung von {sup 89}Sr und {sup 90}Sr mittels Schnellmethoden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kowalik, C.; Fueger, J. [Thueringer Landesanstalt fuer Umwelt und Geologie, Jena (Germany). Landesmessstelle fuer Umweltradioaktivaet

2014-01-20

Quick methods of the measurement of {sup 89}Sr and {sup 90}Sr have a great importance in the supervision of the environmental radioactivity. It is necessary to receive in short time dependable analytical data to be able to carry out suitable assessments or to give recommendations. The aim of the investigations was to be guaranteed the demands for these methods (test preparation, measurement and evaluation). The use of the solid phase extraction by means of commercial Sr Resin trademark columns (4.4' (5')-Di-tert-butylcyclohexanol-18-kronen-6-aether) (Triskem) to the radiochemical separation of the Sr isotopes was suitable. The measurements occurred to the FHT 770 T12 - Multi Low Level Alpha/Beta Sample Counter (Thermo Scientific). The results contain the summary activities of all available Sr isotopes, as for example {sup 89}Sr and {sup 90}Sr. The calculations of the single activities occur about the mathematical algorithm of the linear development on the basis of the works of G. Kanisch. The first results show, this method is suitable for the analysis of {sup 89}Sr and {sup 90}Sr and is used therefore in future in Thuringia.

Photo(electro)chemical oxidation of water by the persulfate ion over aqueous suspensions of strontium titanate SrTiO3 containing lanthanum chromite LaCrO3

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Thewissen, D.H.M.W.; Timmer, K.; Eeuwhorst‐Reinten, M.; Tinnemans, A.H.A.; Mackor, A.

1982-01-01

The photodecomposition of the S2O2‐ 8 ion to the SO2‐ 4 ion with concomitant oxidation of water to molecular oxygen over n‐type SrTiO3 powders mixed with LaCrO3 (mole fraction x = 0–1), using UV light (λ > 300 nm), is considerably faster than the photochemical (UV) decomposition of S2O2‐ 8 in water

Electrostatic analysis of n-doped SrTiO3 metal-insulator-semiconductor systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kamerbeek, A. M.; Banerjee, T.; Hueting, R. J. E.

2015-01-01

Electron doped SrTiO 3 , a complex-oxide semiconductor, possesses novel electronic properties due to its strong temperature and electric-field dependent permittivity. Due to the high permittivity, metal/n-SrTiO 3 systems show reasonably strong rectification even when SrTiO 3 is degenerately doped. Our experiments show that the insertion of a sub nanometer layer of AlO x in between the metal and n-SrTiO 3 interface leads to a dramatic reduction of the Schottky barrier height (from around 0.90 V to 0.25 V). This reduces the interface resistivity by 4 orders of magnitude. The derived electrostatic analysis of the metal-insulator-semiconductor (n-SrTiO 3 ) system is consistent with this trend. When compared with a Si based MIS system, the change is much larger and mainly governed by the high permittivity of SrTiO 3 . The non-linear permittivity of n-SrTiO 3 leads to unconventional properties such as a temperature dependent surface potential non-existent for semiconductors with linear permittivity such as Si. This allows tuning of the interfacial band alignment, and consequently the Schottky barrier height, in a much more drastic way than in conventional semiconductors

Microbial methane oxidation processes and technologies for mitigation of landfill gas emissions

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Scheutz, Charlotte; Kjeldsen, Peter; Bogner, J.E.

2009-01-01

Landfill gas containing methane is produced by anaerobic degradation of organic waste. Methane is a strong greenhouse gas and landfills are one of the major anthropogenic sources of atmospheric methane. Landfill methane may be oxidized by methanotrophic microorganisms in soils or waste materials...... to predict methane emissions from landfills. Additional research and technology development is needed before methane mitigation technologies utilizing microbial methane oxidation processes can become commercially viable and widely deployed....

Anomalous Interface and Surface Strontium Segregation in (La 1– y Sr y ) 2 CoO 4±δ /La 1– x Sr x CoO 3−δ Heterostructured Thin Films

KAUST Repository

Feng, Zhenxing

2014-03-20

Heterostructured oxides have shown unusual electrochemical properties including enhanced catalytic activity, ion transport, and stability. In particular, it has been shown recently that the activity of oxygen electrocatalysis on the Ruddlesden-Popper/perovskite (La1-ySr y)2CoO4±δ/La1-xSr xCoO3-δ heterostructure is remarkably enhanced relative to the Ruddlesden-Popper and perovskite constituents. Here we report the first atomic-scale structure and composition of (La1-ySr y)2CoO4±δ/La1-xSr xCoO3-δ grown on SrTiO3. We observe anomalous strontium segregation from the perovskite to the interface and the Ruddlesden-Popper phase using direct X-ray methods as well as with ab initio calculations. Such Sr segregation occurred during the film growth, and no significant changes were found upon subsequent annealing in O2. Our findings provide insights into the design of highly active catalysts for oxygen electrocatalysis. © 2014 American Chemical Society.

Anomalous Interface and Surface Strontium Segregation in (La 1– y Sr y ) 2 CoO 4±δ /La 1– x Sr x CoO 3−δ Heterostructured Thin Films

KAUST Repository

Feng, Zhenxing; Yacoby, Yizhak; Gadre, Milind J.; Lee, Yueh-Lin; Hong, Wesley T.; Zhou, Hua; Biegalski, Michael D.; Christen, Hans M.; Adler, Stuart B.; Morgan, Dane; Shao-Horn, Yang

2014-01-01

Heterostructured oxides have shown unusual electrochemical properties including enhanced catalytic activity, ion transport, and stability. In particular, it has been shown recently that the activity of oxygen electrocatalysis on the Ruddlesden-Popper/perovskite (La1-ySr y)2CoO4±δ/La1-xSr xCoO3-δ heterostructure is remarkably enhanced relative to the Ruddlesden-Popper and perovskite constituents. Here we report the first atomic-scale structure and composition of (La1-ySr y)2CoO4±δ/La1-xSr xCoO3-δ grown on SrTiO3. We observe anomalous strontium segregation from the perovskite to the interface and the Ruddlesden-Popper phase using direct X-ray methods as well as with ab initio calculations. Such Sr segregation occurred during the film growth, and no significant changes were found upon subsequent annealing in O2. Our findings provide insights into the design of highly active catalysts for oxygen electrocatalysis. © 2014 American Chemical Society.

High-performance electrodes for reduced temperature solid oxide fuel cells with doped lanthanum gallate electrolyte. Pt. 2. La(Sr)CoO{sub 3} cathode

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Inagaki, Toru; Yoshida, Hiroyuki [The Kansai Electric Power, Hyogo (Japan); Miura, Kazuhiro [Kanden Kakou, Hyogo (Japan); Maric, Radenka; Ohara, Satoshi; Zhang, Xinge; Mukai, Kazuo; Fukui, Takehisa [Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya (Japan)

2000-03-01

The reduced temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with 0.5 mm thick La{sub 0.9}Sr{sub 0.1}Ga{sub 0.8}Mg{sub 0.2}O{sub 3-{alpha}} (LSGM) electrolyte, La{sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0.4}CoO{sub 3-{delta}} (LSCo) cathode, and Ni-(CeO{sub 2}){sub 0.8}(SmO{sub 1.5}){sub 0.2} (SDC) cermet anode showed an excellent initial performance, and high maximum power density, 0.47 W/cm{sup 2}, at 800 C. The results were comparable to those for the conventional SOFC with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte, La(Sr)MnO{sub 3}-YSZ cathode and Ni-YSZ cermet anode at 1000 C. Using an LSCo powder prepared by spray pyrolysis, and selecting appropriate sintering temperatures, the lowest cathodic polarization of about 25 mV at 300 mA/cm{sup 2} was measured for a cathode prepared by sintering at 1000 C. Life time cell test results, however, showed that the polarization of the LSCo cathode increased with operating time. From EPMA results, this behavior was considered to be related to the interdiffusion of the elements at the cathode/electrolyte interface. Calcination of LSCo powder could be a possible way to suppress this interdiffusion at the interface. (orig.)

Photoluminescent properties of Sr2CeO4: Eu3+ and Sr2CeO4: Eu2+ phosphors suitable for near ultraviolet excitation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suresh, K.; Poornachandra Rao, N.V.; Murthy, K.V.R.

2014-01-01

Powder phosphors of 1 mol% Eu 3+ - and Eu 2+ -doped strontium cerium oxide (Sr 2 CeO 4 ) were synthesized by standard solid-state reaction method. Eu 3+ - and Eu 2+ -doped Sr 2 CeO 4 phosphors fired at 1100 ℃ for 2 h were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The XRD patterns confirm that the obtained phosphors are a single phase of Sr 2 CeO 4 composed of orthorhombic structure. Room temperature PL excitation spectrum of air-heated Sr 2 CeO 4 : Eu phosphor has exhibited bands at 260, 280 and 350 nm. Whereas the excitation spectrum of Sr 2 CeO 4 : Eu phosphor heated under reducing (carbon) atmosphere exhibited single broadband range from 260 to 390 nm. The (PL) emission peaks of both the phosphors at 467 (blue), 537 (green) and 616 nm (red) generate white light under 260, 280 and 350 nm excitation wavelengths. The Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) colour coordinates conforms that these phosphors emitting white light. The results reveal that these phosphors are multifunctional phosphors which emit white light under these excitations that they could be used as white components for display and lamp devices and as well as possible good light-conversion phosphor LEDs under near-ultraviolet (nUV) chip. (author)

High pressure Moessbauer spectroscopy of perovskite iron oxide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nasu, Saburo; Suenaga, Tomoya; Morimoto, Shotaro; Kawakami, Takateru; Kuzushita, Kaori; Takano, Mikio

2003-01-01

High-pressure 57 Fe Moessbauer spectroscopy using a diamond anvil cell has been performed for perovskite iron oxides SrFeO 3 , CaFeO 3 and La 1/3 Sr 2/3 O 3 . The charge states and the magnetic dependency to pressure were determined. Pressure magnetic phase diagrams of these perovskite iron oxides are determined up to about 70 GPa. To be clear the magnetic ordered state, they are measured up to 7.8 T external magnetic fields at 4.5K. The phase transition of these perovskite oxides to ferromagnetisms with high magnetic ordered temperature is observed. In higher pressure, high spin-low spin transition of oxides besides CaFeO 3 is generated. The feature of Moessbauer spectroscopy, perovskite iron oxide and Moessbauer spectroscopy under high pressure are explained. (S.Y.)

Unraveling the Role of Structural Order in the Transformation of Electrical Conductivity in Ca2FeCoO6-δ, CaSrFeCoO6-δ, and Sr2FeCoO6-δ.

Science.gov (United States)

Hona, Ram Krishna; Huq, Ashfia; Ramezanipour, Farshid

2017-12-04

The ability to control the electrical conductivity of solid-state oxides using structural parameters has been demonstrated. A correlation has been established between the electrical conductivity and structural order in a series of oxygen-deficient perovskites using X-ray and neutron diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and electrical conductivity studies at a wide temperature range, 25-800 °C. The crystal structure of CaSrFeCoO 6-δ has been determined, and its stark contrast to Ca 2 FeCoO 6-δ and Sr 2 FeCoO 6-δ has been demonstrated. The Fe/Co distribution over tetrahedral and octahedral sites has been determined using neutron diffraction. There is a systematic increase in the structural order in progression from Sr 2 FeCoO 6-δ (δ = 0.5) to CaSrFeCoO 6-δ (δ = 0.8) and Ca 2 FeCoO 6-δ (δ = 0.9) . The oxygen contents of these materials were determined using iodometric titration and TGA. At room temperature, there is an inverse correlation between the electrical conductivity and structural order. The ordered Ca 2 and CaSr compounds are semiconductors, while the disordered Sr 2 compund shows metallic behavior. The metallic nature of the Sr 2 material persists up to 1073 K (800 °C), while the Ca 2 and CaSr compounds undergo a semiconductor-to-metal transition above 500 and 300 °C, respectively, highlighting another important impact of the structural order. At high temperature, the CaSr compound has the highest conductivity compared to the Ca 2 and Sr 2 materials. There appears to be an optimum degree of structural order that leads to the highest conductivity at high temperature. Another consequence of the structural order is the observation of mixed ionic-electronic conductivity in CaSr and Ca 2 compounds, as is evident from the hysteresis in the conductivity data obtained during heating and cooling cycles. The average ionic radius required for each structural transition was

Effect of Sr on the bioactivity and corrosion resistance of nanoporous niobium oxide coating for orthopaedic applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pauline, S. Anne; Rajendran, N.

2014-01-01

In this study, strontium incorporated Nb 2 O 5 was synthesized in two different proportions by sol–gel methodology and was deposited on 316L SS by spin coating method. The synthesis conditions were optimized to obtain a nanoporous morphology. The prepared Sr-incorporated Nb 2 O 5 coatings were uniform, smooth and well adherent on to the substrate 316L SS. The coatings were characterized by attenuated total reflectance-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the formation of Sr-incorporated Nb 2 O 5 coatings with nanoporous morphology was confirmed. Static water contact angle measurements showed an enhancement in the wettability of the obtained coatings. In vitro bioactivity test of the coated substrates showed that 0.05 M Sr-incorporated Nb 2 O 5 coating had better bioactivity compared to 0.1 M Sr-incorporated coating. Solution analysis studies confirmed the controlled release of Sr ions from the coating, which aid and enhance hydroxyapatite (HAp) growth. Electrochemical studies confirmed that the coatings provided excellent corrosion protection to the base material as increased charge transfer resistance and decreased double layer capacitance was observed for the coated substrates. - Highlights: • Nanoporous Sr-incorporated Nb 2 O 5 coatings were deposited on 316L SS. • The coatings have excellent bond strength and high Vickers micro hardness value. • Nanoporous 0.05 M Sr-incorporated Nb 2 O 5 coating showed hydroxyapatite growth. • Slow release of strontium from the coating accelerated hydroxyapatite growth. • The nanoporous coatings offered excellent corrosion protection to 316L SS

The topotactic reduction of Sr3Fe2O5Cl2-square planar Fe(II) in an extended oxyhalide.

Science.gov (United States)

Dixon, Edward; Hayward, Michael A

2010-10-18

The topotactic reduction of the oxychloride Sr(3)Fe(2)O(5)Cl(2) with LiH results in the formation of Sr(3)Fe(2)O(4)Cl(2). Neutron powder diffraction data show that Sr(3)Fe(2)O(4)Cl(2) adopts a body-centered tetragonal crystal structure (I4/mmm, a = 4.008(1) Å, c = 22.653(1) Å at 388 K) with anion vacancies located within the SrO layer of the phase. This leads to a structure consisting of infinite sheets of corner-sharing Fe(II)O(4) square planes. Variable-temperature neutron diffraction data show that Sr(3)Fe(2)O(4)Cl(2) adopts G-type antiferromagnetic order below T(N) ∼ 378(10) K with an ordered moment of 2.81(9) μ(B) per iron center at 5 K consistent with the presence of high-spin Fe(II). The observed structural and chemical selectivity of the reduction reaction is discussed. The contrast between the structure of Sr(3)Fe(2)O(4)Cl(2) and the isoelectronic all-oxide analogue (Sr(3)Fe(2)O(5)) suggests that by careful selection of substrate phases, the topotactic reduction of complex transition metal oxychlorides can lead to the preparation of novel anion-deficient phases with unique transition metal-oxygen sublattices which cannot be prepared via the reduction of all-oxide substrates.

Creep behavior of perovskite-type oxides Ba0.5Sr0.5(Co0.8Fe0.2)1−xZrxO3−δ

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Stournari, V.; ten Donkelaar, S.F.P.; Malzbender, J.; Beck, T.; Singheiser, L.; Bouwmeester, Henricus J.M.

2015-01-01

Compressive creep tests have been performed on perovskite-type oxides Ba0.5Sr0.5(Co0.8Fe0.2)1–xZrxO3−δ (BSCF-Z100·x), where x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.1, for the use as oxygen transport membrane, in air at 800–950 °C and at nominal stresses of 30 MPa and 63 MPa. X-ray diffraction and microstructural

Rapid method for determining Sr-89 and Sr-90 using Cherenkov and proportional counting; Schnellmethode zur Bestimmung von SR-89 und SR-90 durch Cerenkov- und Proportionalzaehlermessungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lange, S.; Wende, C.; Schwokowski, R.; Alisch-Mark, M.; Abraham, A.; Heinrich, T. [Staatliche Betriebsgesellschaft fuer Umwelt und Landwirtschaft, Radebeul (Germany)

2016-07-01

A rapid method for determining Sr-89 and Sr-90 in water, milk and biological samples has been developed and tested. After sample preparation strontium is separated by extraction chromatography using Sr resin. Eluate is divided and transfered to LSC vial and filter paper by SrCO{sub 3} precipitation. A Hidex 300 SL TDCR liquid scintillation counter and Thermo Fisher low level proportional counter have been used. Chemical yield of Sr-85 tracer is determined by Gamma spectroscopy. Uncertainty budget, decision threshold and detection limit are calculated in accordance with GUM and ISO 11929.

Investigation into the Effect of Sulfate and Borate Incorporation on the Structure and Properties of SrFeO3-δ

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abbey Jarvis

2017-06-01

Full Text Available In this paper, we demonstrate the successful incorporation of sulfate and borate into SrFeO3-δ, and characterise the effect on the structure and conductivity, with a view to possible utilisation as a cathode material in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. The incorporation of low levels of sulfate/borate is sufficient to cause a change from a tetragonal to a cubic cell. Moreover, whereas heat treatment of undoped SrFeO3-δ under N2 leads to a transformation to brownmillerite Sr2Fe2O5 with oxygen vacancy ordering, the sulfate/borate-doped samples remain cubic under the same conditions. Thus, sulfate/borate doping appears to be successful in introducing oxide ion vacancy disorder in this system.

Emerging technologies for sustainable irrigation – a tribute to the career of Terry Howell, Sr. Selected papers from the 2015 ASABE and IA irrigation symposium

Science.gov (United States)

This article is an introduction to the “Emerging Technologies in Sustainable Irrigation – A Tribute to the Career of Terry Howell, Sr.” Special Collection in this issue of Transactions ASABE and the next issue of Applied Engineering in Agriculture, consisting of 15 articles selected from 62 papers a...

Nonvolatile resistive switching in Pt/laALO3/srTiO3 heterostructures

KAUST Repository

Wu, S.; Luo, X.; Turner, S.; Peng, H.; Lin, W.; Ding, J.; David, A.; Wang, B.; Van, Tendeloo, G.; Wang, J.; Wu, Tao

2013-01-01

Resistive switching heterojunctions, which are promising for nonvolatile memory applications, usually share a capacitorlike metal-oxide-metal configuration. Here, we report on the nonvolatile resistive switching in Pt/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures

Evidence for lattice-polarization-enhanced field effects at the SrTiO₃-based heterointerface

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Li, Y.; R. Zhang, H.; Lei, Y.

2016-01-01

Electrostatic gating provides a powerful approach to tune the conductivity of the two-dimensionalelectron liquid between two insulating oxides. For the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) interface, suchgating effect could be further enhanced by a strong lattice polarization of STO caused by simultaneousappl......Electrostatic gating provides a powerful approach to tune the conductivity of the two-dimensionalelectron liquid between two insulating oxides. For the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) interface, suchgating effect could be further enhanced by a strong lattice polarization of STO caused...... expansion of the out-of-plane lattice of STO. Photo excitation affects the polarizationprocess by accelerating the field-induced lattice expansion. The present work demonstrates the greatpotential of combined stimuli in exploring emergent phenomenon at complex oxide interfaces....

Metallic oxide switches using thick film technology

Science.gov (United States)

Patel, D. N.; Williams, L., Jr.

1974-01-01

Metallic oxide thick film switches were processed on alumina substrates using thick film technology. Vanadium pentoxide in powder form was mixed with other oxides e.g., barium, strontium copper and glass frit, ground to a fine powder. Pastes and screen printable inks were made using commercial conductive vehicles and appropriate thinners. Some switching devices were processed by conventional screen printing and firing of the inks and commercial cermet conductor terminals on 96% alumina substrates while others were made by applying small beads or dots of the pastes between platinum wires. Static, and dynamic volt-ampere, and pulse tests indicate that the switching and self-oscillatory characteristics of these devices could make them useful in memory element, oscillator, and automatic control applications.

Pyroelectric response of perovskite heterostructures incorporating conductive oxide electrodes

Science.gov (United States)

Tipton, Charles Wesley, IV

2000-10-01

The use of imaging technologies has become pervasive in many applications as the demand for situational awareness information has increased over the last decade. No better example of the integration of these technologies can be found than that of infrared or thermal imaging. This dissertation, in the field of thermal imaging, has been motivated by the desire to advance the technology of uncooled, thin-film pyroelectric sensors and focuses on the materials and structures from which the detector elements will be built. This work provides a detailed study of the pyroelectric response of the La-Sr-Co-O/Pb-La-Zr-Ti-O/La-Sr-Co-O (LPL) structure. The LPL structure was chosen based on the needs of thin film detectors, the unique properties of the conductive oxide La-Sr-Co-O (LSCO), and the broad applicability of the Pb-La-Zr-Ti-O (PLZT) material system. Epitaxial heterostructures were grown by pulsed laser deposition on single-crystal oxide substrates. Using the oxygen pressure during cooling and heating of the LSCO layer as a key variable, we have been able to produce structures that have a pronounced internal field in the as-grown state. In these capacitors, where the bottom electrode has a large concentration of oxygen vacancies, we have discovered very large pyroelectric responses that are 10 to 30 times larger than expected of PLZT-based pyroelectric materials (typical values are 20 to 40 nCcm-2K -1). The enhanced pyroelectric responses are very repeatable, stable over time, and distinctly different from responses attributed to thermally stimulated currents. Detailed positron annihilation spectroscopy measurements reveal that there is indeed an oxygen concentration gradient across the capacitor. Based on the results of this study, I will present an analysis of the enhanced pyroelectric response. Although the enhanced response has been correlated with high concentrations of oxygen vacancies in the PLZT film and LSCO electrodes, the mechanism by which the large

Environmental 90Sr measurements

Science.gov (United States)

Paul, M.; Berkovits, D.; Cecil, L.D.; Feldstein, H.; Hershkowitz, A.; Kashiv, Y.; Vogt, S.

1997-01-01

90Sr (T1/2 = 28.5 years) is a long-lived radionuclide produced in nuclear fission. Fast radiochemical detection of 90Sr in environmental samples is not feasible using current analytical methods. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) measurements of 90Sr were made with the Rehovot 14UD Pelletron accelerator at a terminal voltage of 11 or 12 MV using our standard detection system. Injection of hydride ions (SrH3-) was chosen owing to high beam intensity and low Coulomb explosion effects. 90Sr ions were identified and discriminated from isobaric 90Zr by measuring time of flight, total energy and three independent energy-loss signals in an ionization chamber. A reference sample and a ground-water sample were successfully measured. The detection limit determined for a laboratory blank by the residual counts in the 90Sr region is 90Sr/Sr = 3 ?? 10-13, corresponding in practice to (2-4) ?? 10790Sr atoms or about 0.5-1 pCi/L in environmental water samples.

Effect of Samarium Oxide on the Electrical Conductivity of Plasma-Sprayed SOFC Anodes

Science.gov (United States)

Panahi, S. N.; Samadi, H.; Nemati, A.

2016-10-01

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are rapidly becoming recognized as a new alternative to traditional energy conversion systems because of their high energy efficiency. From an ecological perspective, this environmentally friendly technology, which produces clean energy, is likely to be implemented more frequently in the future. However, the current SOFC technology still cannot meet the demands of commercial applications due to temperature constraints and high cost. To develop a marketable SOFC, suppliers have tended to reduce the operating temperatures by a few hundred degrees. The overall trend for SOFC materials is to reduce their service temperature of electrolyte. Meanwhile, it is important that the other components perform at the same temperature. Currently, the anodes of SOFCs are being studied in depth. Research has indicated that anodes based on a perovskite structure are a more promising candidate in SOFCs than the traditional system because they possess more favorable electrical properties. Among the perovskite-type oxides, SrTiO3 is one of the most promising compositions, with studies demonstrating that SrTiO3 exhibits particularly favorable electrical properties in contrast with other perovskite-type oxides. The main purpose of this article is to describe our study of the effect of rare-earth dopants with a perovskite structure on the electrical behavior of anodes in SOFCs. Sm2O3-doped SrTiO3 synthesized by a solid-state reaction was coated on substrate by atmospheric plasma spray. To compare the effect of the dopant on the electrical conductivity of strontium titanate, different concentrations of Sm2O3 were used. The samples were then investigated by x-ray diffraction, four-point probe at various temperatures (to determine the electrical conductivity), and a scanning electron microscope. The study showed that at room temperature, nondoped samples have a higher electrical resistance than doped samples. As the temperature was increased, the electrical

Preparation of SrIrO{sub 3} thin films by using metal-organic aerosol deposition technique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Esser, Sebastian; Schneider, Melanie; Moshnyaga, Vasily; Gegenwart, Philipp [1. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen (Germany)

2013-07-01

The interplay between spin-orbit coupling and electronic correlations could lead to interesting novel states in iridium oxide materials. We focus on the perovskite phase of SrIrO{sub 3} because Moon et al. [1] showed by using optical spectroscopy and first-principles calculations that the last member of the Ruddlesden-Popper series Sr{sub n+1}Ir{sub n}O{sub 3n+1} (n = ∞) is close to the Mott transition. By using metal-organic aerosol deposition technique we have grown SrIrO{sub 3} thin films on (111)-oriented SrTiO{sub 3} substrates. The cubic symmetry of the SrTiO{sub 3} substrate ensured that the SrIrO{sub 3} thin film grew in the monoclinic perovskite phase. The X-ray diffraction results suggest that SrIrO{sub 3} thin films in perovskite structure were obtained and these show out of plane epitaxy with monoclinic (002){sub m}-orientation. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity of these SrIrO{sub 3} thin films were investigated and metallic behavior was observed down to 50 K.

Maxdose-SR and popdose-SR routine release atmospheric dose models used at SRS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jannik, G. T. [Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States). Savannah River National Lab. (SRNL); Trimor, P. P. [Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States). Savannah River National Lab. (SRNL)

2017-07-28

MAXDOSE-SR and POPDOSE-SR are used to calculate dose to the offsite Reference Person and to the surrounding Savannah River Site (SRS) population respectively following routine releases of atmospheric radioactivity. These models are currently accessed through the Dose Model Version 2014 graphical user interface (GUI). MAXDOSE-SR and POPDOSE-SR are personal computer (PC) versions of MAXIGASP and POPGASP, which both resided on the SRS IBM Mainframe. These two codes follow U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) Regulatory Guides 1.109 and 1.111 (1977a, 1977b). The basis for MAXDOSE-SR and POPDOSE-SR are USNRC developed codes XOQDOQ (Sagendorf et. al 1982) and GASPAR (Eckerman et. al 1980). Both of these codes have previously been verified for use at SRS (Simpkins 1999 and 2000). The revisions incorporated into MAXDOSE-SR and POPDOSE-SR Version 2014 (hereafter referred to as MAXDOSE-SR and POPDOSE-SR unless otherwise noted) were made per Computer Program Modification Tracker (CPMT) number Q-CMT-A-00016 (Appendix D). Version 2014 was verified for use at SRS in Dixon (2014).

Effect of Sr on the bioactivity and corrosion resistance of nanoporous niobium oxide coating for orthopaedic applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pauline, S. Anne; Rajendran, N., E-mail: nrajendran@annauniv.edu

2014-03-01

In this study, strontium incorporated Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} was synthesized in two different proportions by sol–gel methodology and was deposited on 316L SS by spin coating method. The synthesis conditions were optimized to obtain a nanoporous morphology. The prepared Sr-incorporated Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} coatings were uniform, smooth and well adherent on to the substrate 316L SS. The coatings were characterized by attenuated total reflectance-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the formation of Sr-incorporated Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} coatings with nanoporous morphology was confirmed. Static water contact angle measurements showed an enhancement in the wettability of the obtained coatings. In vitro bioactivity test of the coated substrates showed that 0.05 M Sr-incorporated Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} coating had better bioactivity compared to 0.1 M Sr-incorporated coating. Solution analysis studies confirmed the controlled release of Sr ions from the coating, which aid and enhance hydroxyapatite (HAp) growth. Electrochemical studies confirmed that the coatings provided excellent corrosion protection to the base material as increased charge transfer resistance and decreased double layer capacitance was observed for the coated substrates. - Highlights: • Nanoporous Sr-incorporated Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} coatings were deposited on 316L SS. • The coatings have excellent bond strength and high Vickers micro hardness value. • Nanoporous 0.05 M Sr-incorporated Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} coating showed hydroxyapatite growth. • Slow release of strontium from the coating accelerated hydroxyapatite growth. • The nanoporous coatings offered excellent corrosion protection to 316L SS.

Phase constitution in Sr and Mg doped LaGaO3 system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zheng Feng; Bordia, Rajendra K.; Pederson, Larry R.

2004-01-01

Sr and Mg doped lanthanum gallate perovskites (La 1-x Sr x Ga 1-y Mg y O 3-δ , shortened as LSGM-XY where X and Y are the doping levels in mole percentage (mol%) at the La- or A-site and the Ga- or B-site, respectively) are promising electrolyte materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In this study, we have investigated the primary perovskites as well as the secondary phases formed in terms of doping content changes and A/B ratio variations in these materials. Fifteen powder compositions (three doping levels, X=Y=0, 0.1, and 0.2 mol; and five A/B ratios 0.95, 0.98, 1.00, 1.02, and 1.05) were synthesized by the glycine-nitrate combustion process (GNP). These powders were equilibrated by calcining at 1500 deg. C for 9 h prior to crystalline phase characterization by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). From the results of this study and the available phase diagrams in the literature on constituent binary oxide systems, we propose a crystalline phase diagram of the La 2 O 3 -SrO-Ga 2 O 3 -MgO quaternary system at elevated temperature (1500 deg. C)

{mu}SR studies of the interplay of magnetic spin stripe order with superconductivity in transition metal oxides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klauss, Hans-Henning, E-mail: h.klauss@physik.tu-dresden.de [Institute for Solid State Physics, TU Dresden, D-01069 Dresden (Germany)

2012-11-01

In this work we review muon spin relaxation experiments on the layered La{sub 2-x}Sr{sub x}NiO{sub 4} nickelate as well as La{sub 2-x}Ba{sub x}CuO{sub 4} and La{sub 2-x}Sr{sub x}CuO{sub 4} cuprate systems to examine spin stripe order. In particular, the interplay of stripe order with superconductivity in Nd and Eu doped La{sub 2-x}Sr{sub x}CuO{sub 4} cuprates is discussed. Detailed studies of the electronic phase diagrams as well as the magnetic and superconducting order parameters for different rare-earth and Sr doping levels in La{sub 2-x-y}RE{sub y}Sr{sub x}CuO{sub 4} revealed the strong correlation of static spin stripe order with the structural distortion in the low temperature tetragonal (LTT) phase and the competition with the superconducting ground state. High magnetic field studies demonstrate the nearly degenerate ground state energy of the different electronic phases. Slow transverse fluctuations of the charge stripes are found in nickelates and cuprates at low temperatures.

Electronic structure and optical properties of Sr{sub 2}SnO{sub 4} studied with FP-LAPW method in density functional theory

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Prijamboedi, B., E-mail: boedi@chem.itb.ac.id; Umar, S.; Failamani, F. [Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132 (Indonesia)

2015-04-16

Oxide material of Sr{sub 2}SnO{sub 4}, when it is doped with Ti becomes a phosphor material that can emit intense blue light at room temperature. It is important to study the electronic structure of this material in order to determine the optical processes that occur in Ti-doped Sr{sub 2}SnO{sub 4}. Electronic structure and optical properties of Sr{sub 2}SnO{sub 4} is studied using density functional theory framework with full potential linearized augmented plane waves plus local orbitals (FP-LAPW+lo) method. We use modified Becke-Johnson (mBJ) exchange-correlation potential to calculate the energy gap. Our calculation showed that Sr{sub 2}SnO{sub 4} has indirect band gap with band gap energy of around 4.2 eV. The experimental absorption spectra of Sr{sub 2}SnO{sub 4} indicated that this oxide has band gap of around 4.6 eV and it is closer to the results given by mBJ exchange-correlation potential. We also studied other optical properties of Sr{sub 2}SnO{sub 4} and it is found in agreement with the experimental results.

Neodymium-doped Sr5(PO4)3F and Sr5(VO4)3F

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Corker, D.L.; Nicholls, J.; Loutts, G.B.

1995-01-01

Neodymium-doped Sr 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F [neodymium strontium fluoride phosphate, (Nd,Sr) 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F] and neodymium-doped Sr 5 (VO 4 ) 3 F [neodymium strontium fluoride vanadate, (Nd,Sr) 5 (VO 4 ) 3 F] crystallize in space group P6 3 /m and are isostructural with calcium fluorophosphate, Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F. There are two different Sr sites in Sr 5 (XO 4 ) 3 F, denoted Sr(1) and Sr(2). Using single-crystal X-ray diffraction the two structures were refined to R factors of 2.3 and 2.2%, respectively, showing that Nd is present at both Sr sites in (Sr,Nd) 5 (VO 4 ) 3 F but only at the Sr(2) site in (Sr,Nd) 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F. (orig.)

Preparation of Sr{sub 2}(MgMo){sub 1-x}Ru{sub x}O{sub 6} ceramics for use in a solid oxide fuel cell anode

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bezerra, Matheus Eiji Ohno; Florio, Daniel Zanetti de [Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), SP (Brazil); Fonseca, Fabio Coral, E-mail: matheus.eiji@aluno.ufabc.edu.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2016-07-01

Full text: Solid Oxide Fuel Cells are the most efficient devices known for the direct conversion of fuels into electric energy. Such devices have advanced steadily and are already available for specific applications such as portable power and residential stationary generation. The main objective of this work is the development of anodes for SOFC operating directly with renewable fuels, without the addition of water and using strategic fuels such as ethanol and natural gas. Specifically, a family of mixed ionic-electronic compounds has been investigated: the double perovskites with compositions Sr{sub 2}(MgMo){sub 1-x}Ru{sub x}O{sub 6} with x = 0; 1; 2; 5; 10 e 20 at.%. This material has been synthesized by polymeric precursor method. The resins were prepared by combining stoichiometric amounts of the starting solutions. The resulting solution was heated treated under magnetic stirring. The thermal decomposition of the polymeric resin was studied by means of simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry up to 1500 °C with heating and cooling rates of 10 °/min in Ar. The thermal decomposition result shows mass loss up to, approximately, 900 °C. However X-ray diffraction analyses of the powder heat treated at 900 °C and 1200 °C presents a considerable content of an undesiderate phase (SrMoO{sub 4}). According to the literature for similar compounds a thermal treatment under reduction conditions could be necessary to obtain the double perovskites single phase. After this treatment the material will be characterized regarding its electrical properties. The expected results will contribute to advance both the understanding of the mixed ionic electronic ceramics and the SOFC technology using renewable fuels. (author)

Cobalt-free cathode material SrFe{sub 0.9}Nb{sub 0.1}O{sub 3-{delta}} for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhou, Qingjun [State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials and College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 (China); College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300 (China); Zhang, Leilei; He, Tianmin [State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials and College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 (China)

2010-02-15

A cobalt-free cubic perovskite oxide, SrFe{sub 0.9}Nb{sub 0.1}O{sub 3-{delta}} (SFN) was investigated as a cathode for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). XRD results showed that SFN cathode was chemically compatible with the electrolyte Sm{sub 0.2}Ce{sub 0.8}O{sub 1.9} (SDC) for temperatures up to 1050 C. The electrical conductivity of SFN sample reached 34-70 S cm{sup -1} in the commonly operated temperatures of IT-SOFCs (600-800 C). The area specific resistance was 0.138 {omega} cm{sup 2} for SFN cathode on SDC electrolyte at 750 C. A maximum power density of 407 mW cm{sup -2} was obtained at 800 C for single-cell with 300 {mu}m thick SDC electrolyte and SFN cathode. (author)

Is the Modern Marine 87Sr/86Sr Cycle Balanced?

Science.gov (United States)

Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B.

2017-12-01

The marine 87Sr/86Sr record is one of the best-reconstructed isotope records with thousands of high quality measurements spanning the past 800 million years. It records a global signal of tectonic, biotic and climatic processes on Earth. Yet despite decades of research we still do not know whether the current marine Sr budget is in steady state. Studies of the marine 88Sr/86Sr record indicate that sources and sinks do not balance. The magnitude and isotope composition of the terrestrial inputs are being debated, and the magnitude and temporal variability of unradiogenic contributions are not well constrained. Here I provide a revised assessment of all continental sources of Sr to the ocean, including river runoff, submarine groundwater discharge (Beck et al., 2013), dissolution of riverine suspended matter in seawater and dissolution of volcanic ash deposited on the ocean (Jones et al., 2012). I contrast continental sources of Sr with estimates of marine sources of Sr to seawater, specifically high- and low-temperature submarine hydrothermal fluids, as well as diffusive diagenetic fluxes. Best current data imply that unradiogenic submarine hydrothermal inputs to seawater are insufficient to balance the flux of radiogenic continental Sr. The revised assessment of riverine contributions is based on Sr data for almost 230 rivers, an increasing amount of time-series data for such rivers, as well as river discharge and sediment flux data for more than 2000 rivers. Regional sampling biases have been corrected with the aid of digital bedrock maps, specifically along the western margin of North America, East Africa and the large drainage region of Arabia, India and SE Asia. Significant uncertainty in the chemical and isotopic compositions of runoff from Greenland and East Africa remains. The main uncertainty in the budget, however, is related to the possibility that modern rivers do not represent the pre-anthropogenic (natural) state of continental runoff (e.g. Ganges

Charge modulated interfacial conductivity in SrTiO3-based oxide heterostructures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chen, Yunzhong; Stamate, Eugen; Pryds, Nini

2011-01-01

When depositing amorphous SrTiO3 (STO) films on crystalline STO substrates by pulsed laser deposition, metallic interfaces are observed, though both materials are band-gap insulators. The interfacial conductivity exhibits strong dependence on oxygen pressure during film growth, which is closely...

(La, Pr)0.8Sr0.2FeO3-δ-Sm 0.2Ce0.8O2-δ composite cathode for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells

KAUST Repository

Chen, Yonghong

2014-08-01

Mixed rare-earth (La, Pr)0.8Sr0.2FeO 3-δ-Sm0.2Ce0.8O2-δ (LPSF-SDC) composite cathode was investigated for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells based on protonic BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y 0.2O3-δ (BZCY) electrolyte. The powders of La 0.8-xPrxSr0.2FeO3-δ (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6), Sm0.2Ce0.8O2-δ (SDC) and BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3-δ (BZCY) were synthesized by a citric acid-nitrates self-propagating combustion method. The XRD results indicate that La0.8-xPrxSr 0.2FeO3-δ samples calcined at 950 °C exhibit perovskite structure and there are no interactions between LPSF0.2 and SDC at 1100 °C. The average thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of LPSF0.2-SDC, BZCY and NiO-BZCY is 12.50 × 10-6 K-1, 13.51 × 10-6 K-1 and 13.47 × 10-6 K -1, respectively, which can provide good thermal compatibility between electrodes and electrolyte. An anode-supported single cell of NiO-BZCY|BZCY|LPSF0.2-SDC was successfully fabricated and operated from 700 °C to 550 °C with humidified hydrogen (∼3% H2O) as fuel and the static air as oxidant. A high maximum power density of 488 mW cm -2, an open-circuit potential of 0.95 V, and a low electrode polarization resistance of 0.071 Ω cm2 were achieved at 700 °C. Preliminary results demonstrate that LPSF0.2-SDC composite is a promising cathode material for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells. © 2014, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

AlliedSignal solid oxide fuel cell technology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Minh, N.; Barr, K.; Kelly, P.; Montgomery, K. [AlliedSignal Aerospace Equipment Systems, Torrance, CA (United States)

1996-12-31

AlliedSignal has been developing high-performance, lightweight solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology for a broad spectrum of electric power generation applications. This technology is well suited for use in a variety of power systems, ranging from commercial cogeneration to military mobile power sources. The AlliedSignal SOFC is based on stacking high-performance thin-electrolyte cells with lightweight metallic interconnect assemblies to form a compact structure. The fuel cell can be operated at reduced temperatures (600{degrees} to 800{degrees}C). SOFC stacks based on this design has the potential of producing 1 kW/kg and 1 ML. This paper summarizes the technical status of the design, manufacture, and operation of AlliedSignal SOFCs.

Strain-induced phenomenon in complex oxide thin films

Science.gov (United States)

Haislmaier, Ryan

Complex oxide materials wield an immense spectrum of functional properties such as ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, magnetoelectricity, optoelectricity, optomechanical, magnetoresistance, superconductivity, etc. The rich coupling between charge, spin, strain, and orbital degrees of freedom makes this material class extremely desirable and relevant for next generation electronic devices and technologies which are trending towards nanoscale dimensions. Development of complex oxide thin film materials is essential for realizing their integration into nanoscale electronic devices, where theoretically predicted multifunctional capabilities of oxides could add tremendous value. Employing thin film growth strategies such as epitaxial strain and heterostructure interface engineering can greatly enhance and even unlock novel material properties in complex oxides, which will be the main focus of this work. However, physically incorporating oxide materials into devices remains a challenge. While advancements in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of thin film oxide materials has led to the ability to grow oxide materials with atomic layer precision, there are still major limitations such as controlling stoichiometric compositions during growth as well as creating abrupt interfaces in multi-component layered oxide structures. The work done in this thesis addresses ways to overcome these limitations in order to harness intrinsic material phenomena. The development of adsorption-controlled stoichiometric growth windows of CaTiO3 and SrTiO3 thin film materials grown by hybrid MBE where Ti is supplied using metal-organic titanium tetraisopropoxide material is thoroughly outlined. These growth windows enable superior epitaxial strain-induced ferroelectric and dielectric properties to be accessed as demonstrated by chemical, structural, electrical, and optical characterization techniques. For tensile strained CaTiO3 and compressive strained SrTiO 3 films, the critical effects of

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of La(Sr)Ga(Mg)O3-δ for electrolyte of solid oxide fuel cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishikawa, Hiroyuki; Enoki, Makiko; Ishihara, Tatsumi; Akiyama, Tomohiro

2007-01-01

This paper describes self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) of an electrolyte for solid oxide fuel (SOFC), in comparison to a conventional solid-state reaction method (SRM). Doped-lanthanum gallate: La 0.9 Sr 0.1 Ga 0.8 Mg 0.2 O 3-δ (LSGM9182) and LSGM9173 as the SOFC electrolyte, was prepared by the SHS and sintered at different temperatures, for measuring the electrical conductivity of the sintered LSGM and the power generating performance at 1073 K, in comparison to the SRM. In the SHS, the LSGM powders with smaller size were obtained and easily sintered at the 100 K-lower temperature, 1673 K, than in the SRM. Most significantly, the electrical conductivity of the sintered LSGM9182 was as high as 0.11 S cm -1 and its maximum power density was a value of 245 mW cm -2 in the cell configuration of Ni/LSGM9182 (0.501 mm in thickness)/Sm 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3 . The conclusion was that the proposed SHS-sintering method with many benefits of minimizing the energy requirement and the processing time in the production, easing temperature restriction for the sintering, and improving the electrolyte performance up to a conventional level is practicable for producing the LSGM-electrolyte of SOFC at an intermediate-temperature application

Experimental autoabsorption curve 90Sr in SrCO3. Efficiency calculation to detection of 90Sr, 90Y and 90Sr + 90Y in a beta gas proportional counter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gasco, C.; Alvarez, A.

1987-01-01

Strontium-90 has been determined by radiochemical separation techniques in environmental samples. These techniques, of course, cannot separate the two strontium radionuclides from each other of from stable strontium. Consequently the end product of the chemical separation contains all strontium isotopes in SrCO 3 . The beta particules emitted by 90 Sr are absorbed by the SrCO 3 precipitate. This is the main source of error in the activity measurement. It has been prepared sources of 90 Sr in SrCO 3 in order to determinate the counting efficiency and autoabsorption curve. Also detection efficiencies have been calibrated using known activities of 90 Y and equilibrium mixture of 90 Sr+ 90 Y in the same geometry than our samples. The activity of 90 Sr by ingrowth of 90 Y has been calculated by our computer program. (author). 2 figs., 3 refs

Robust half-metallicity of hexagonal SrNiO_3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, Gao-Yuan; Ma, Chun-Lan; Chen, Da; Zhu, Yan

2016-01-01

In the rich panorama of the electronic and magnetic properties of 3d transition metal oxides SrMO_3 (M=Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu), one member (SrNiO_3) is missing. In this paper we use GGA+U method based on density functional theory to examine its properties. It is found that SrNiO_3 is a ferromagnetic half-metal. The charge density map shows a high degree of ionic bonding between Sr and other atoms. Meanwhile, a covalent-bonding Ni–O–Ni–O–Ni chain is observed. The spin density contour of SrNiO_3 further indicates that the magnetic interaction between Ni atoms mediated by O is semicovalent exchange. The density of states are examined to explore the unusual indirect magnetic-exchange mechanism. Corresponding to the total energies results, a robust half-metallic character is observed, suggesting a promising giant magneto-optical Kerr property of the material. The partial density of states are further examined to explore the origin of ferromagnetic half-metallicity. The O atoms are observed to have larger contribution at fermi level than Ni atoms to the spin-polarized states, demonstrating that O atoms play a critical role in ferromagnetic half-metallicity of SrNiO_3. Hydrostatic pressure effect is examined to evaluate how robust the half-metallic ferromagnetism is. - Graphical abstract: (a) The total energy as a function of the lattice constant a for hexagonal SrNiO3 with various magnetic phases. (b) The total electronic density of states for hexagonal SrNiO_3 with FM configuration from GGA+U calculations. (c) Total electron-density distribution in the (110) plane. The colors gradually change from cyan (through pink) to yellow corresponding to charge density value from 0 to 4.0. (d) The magnetization density map in the (110) plane. The colors range from blue (through green) to red corresponding to magnetization density value from −0.15 to 0.45. Black and white contours stand for positive and negative values, respectively. - Highlights: • Hexagonal Sr

La0⋅ 9Sr0⋅ 1Ga0⋅ 8M0⋅ 2O3–δ (M= Mn, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Perovskite oxides of the general formula, La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8M0.2O3– for M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn, have been prepared and investigated. All the oxides exhibit high electrical conductivities ( ∼ 10–2 S/cm at 800°C) comparable to that of the best perovskite oxide ion conductor, La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85 (LSGM) ( ...

Band alignment in visible-light photo-active CoO/SrTiO{sub 3} (001) heterostructures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seo, Hosung; Demkov, Alexander A., E-mail: demkov@physics.utexas.edu [Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 (United States)

2014-12-28

Epitaxial oxide heterostructures are of fundamental interest in a number of problems ranging from oxide electronics to model catalysts. The epitaxial CoO/SrTiO{sub 3} (001) heterostructure on Si(001) has been recently studied as a model oxide catalyst for water splitting under visible light irradiation (Ngo et al., J. Appl. Phys. 114, 084901 (2013)). We use density functional theory to investigate the valence band offset at the CoO/SrTiO{sub 3} (001) interface. We examine the mechanism of charge transfer and dielectric screening at the interface and demonstrate that charge transfer is mediated by the metal-induced gap states in SrTiO{sub 3}, while the dielectric screening at the interface is largely governed by the ionic polarization of under-coordinated oxygen. Based on this finding, we argue that strain relaxation in CoO plays a critical role in determining the band offset. We find that the offsets of 1.36–1.10 eV, calculated in the Schottky-limit are in excellent agreement with the experimental value of 1.20 eV. In addition, we investigate the effect of the Hubbard correction, applied on the Co 3d states, on the dipole layer and potential shift at the interface.

Study of effect of co-doping on CIE coordinates of strontium cerium oxide phosphor (Sr_2CeO_4)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zambare, Pradip Z.; Ahirrao, P.B.; Chaudhari, D.B.; Zambare, A.P.; Mahajan, O.H.

2016-01-01

The phosphors Sr_2CeO_4 doped europium and gadolinium were synthesized by modified solid state diffusion method. From emission spectra, the CIE coordinates (x, y) of x% Eu"3"+ and 0.5 %Gd"3"+ doped Sr_2CeO_4 phosphors was calculated. In present paper, we investigate luminescence properties and colorimetric study of Sr_2CeO_4 doped 0.5% Gd"3"+, x% Eu"3"+. The phosphors Sr_2CeO_4 doped europium and gadolinium were successfully synthesized by modified solid state diffusion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) profile confirms the orthorhombic nature of Eu"3"+ and 0.5% Gd"3"+ doped Sr_2CeO_4 phosphors. In addition, scanning electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transformation IR spectroscopy (FTIR), was also used to study the synthesized phosphors

Development of an Alternative Treatment Scheme for Sr/TRU Removal: Permanganate Treatment of AN-107 Waste

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hallen, R.T.; Bryan, S.A.; Hoopes, F.V.

2000-01-01

A number of Hanford tanks received waste containing organic complexants, which increase the volubility of Sr-90 and transuranic (TRU) elements. Wastes from these tanks require additional pretreatment to remove Sr-90 and TRU for immobilization as low activity waste (Waste Envelope C). The baseline pretreatment process for Sr/TRU removal was isotopic exchange and precipitation with added strontium and iron. However, studies at both Battelle and Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) have shown that the Sr/Fe precipitates were very difficult to filter. This was a result of the formation of poor filtering iron solids. An alternate treatment technology was needed for Sr/TRU removal. Battelle had demonstrated that permanganate treatment was effective for decontaminating waste samples from Hanford Tank SY-101 and proposed that permanganate be examined as an alternative Sr/TRU removal scheme for complexant-containing tank wastes such as AW107. Battelle conducted preliminary small-scale experiments to determine the effectiveness of permanganate treatment with AN-107 waste samples that had been archived at Battelle from earlier studies. Three series of experiments were performed to evaluate conditions that provided adequate Sr/TRU decontamination using permanganate treatment. The final series included experiments with actual AN-107 diluted feed that had been obtained specifically for BNFL process testing. Conditions that provided adequate Sr/TRU decontamination were identified. A free hydroxide concentration of 0.5M provided adequate decontamination with added Sr of 0.05M and permanganate of 0.03M for archived AN-107. The best results were obtained when reagents were added in the sequence Sr followed by permanganate with the waste at ambient temperature. The reaction conditions for Sr/TRU removal will be further evaluated with a 1-L batch of archived AN-107, which will provide a large enough volume of waste to conduct crossflow filtration studies (Hallen et al. 2000a)

Development of an Alternative Treatment Scheme for Sr/TRU Removal: Permanganate Treatment of AN-107 Waste

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

RT Hallen; SA Bryan; FV Hoopes

2000-08-04

A number of Hanford tanks received waste containing organic complexants, which increase the volubility of Sr-90 and transuranic (TRU) elements. Wastes from these tanks require additional pretreatment to remove Sr-90 and TRU for immobilization as low activity waste (Waste Envelope C). The baseline pretreatment process for Sr/TRU removal was isotopic exchange and precipitation with added strontium and iron. However, studies at both Battelle and Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) have shown that the Sr/Fe precipitates were very difficult to filter. This was a result of the formation of poor filtering iron solids. An alternate treatment technology was needed for Sr/TRU removal. Battelle had demonstrated that permanganate treatment was effective for decontaminating waste samples from Hanford Tank SY-101 and proposed that permanganate be examined as an alternative Sr/TRU removal scheme for complexant-containing tank wastes such as AW107. Battelle conducted preliminary small-scale experiments to determine the effectiveness of permanganate treatment with AN-107 waste samples that had been archived at Battelle from earlier studies. Three series of experiments were performed to evaluate conditions that provided adequate Sr/TRU decontamination using permanganate treatment. The final series included experiments with actual AN-107 diluted feed that had been obtained specifically for BNFL process testing. Conditions that provided adequate Sr/TRU decontamination were identified. A free hydroxide concentration of 0.5M provided adequate decontamination with added Sr of 0.05M and permanganate of 0.03M for archived AN-107. The best results were obtained when reagents were added in the sequence Sr followed by permanganate with the waste at ambient temperature. The reaction conditions for Sr/TRU removal will be further evaluated with a 1-L batch of archived AN-107, which will provide a large enough volume of waste to conduct crossflow filtration studies (Hallen et al. 2000a).

Magnetron-sputtered La{sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0.4}Co{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 0.8}O{sub 3} nanocomposite interlayer for solid oxide fuel cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Solovyev, A. A., E-mail: andrewsol@mail.ru; Ionov, I. V.; Shipilova, A. V.; Kovalchuk, A. N.; Syrtanov, M. S. [Tomsk Polytechnic University (Russian Federation)

2017-03-15

A thin layer of a La{sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0.4}Co{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 0.8}O{sub 3} (LSCF) is deposited between the electrolyte and the La{sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0.4}Co{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 0.8}O{sub 3}/Ce{sub 0.9}Gd{sub 0.1}O{sub 2} (LSCF/CGO) cathode layer of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) by pulsed magnetron sputtering using an oxide target of LSCF. The films were completely dense and well adherent to the substrate. The effects of annealing in temperature range from 200 to 1000 °C on the crystalline structure of the LSCF films have been studied. The films of nominal thickness, 250–500 nm, are crystalline when annealed at temperatures above 600 °C. The crystalline structure, surface topology, and morphology of the films were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. To study the electrochemical characteristics of the deposited-film, solid oxide fuel cells using 325-nm LSCF films as interlayer between the electrolyte and the cathode have been fabricated. The LSCF interlayer improves the overall performance of the SOFC by increasing the interfacial area between the electrolyte and cathode. The electrolyte-supported cells with the interlayer have 30% greater, overall power output compared to that achieved with the cells without interlayer. The LSCF interlayer could also act as a transition layer that improves adhesion and relieves both thermal stress and lattice strain between the cathode and the electrolyte. Our results demonstrate that pulsed magnetron sputtering provides a low-temperature synthesis route for realizing ultrathin nanocrystalline LSCF film layers for intermediate- or low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.

Subsolidus phase relations of the SrO-Ta2O5-CuO system at 900 °C in air

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Grivel, Jean-Claude

2009-01-01

The subsolidus phase relations of the SrO–Ta2O5–CuO system were investigated in air. The samples were equilibrated at 900 °C. The ternary oxide Sr3Ta2CuO9 compound is stable under these conditions. This phase presents a solid solution range, its actual composition being Sr3Ta2−xCu1+xO9+δ with 0.......0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2. Up to about 5 at.% Cu can be incorporated in the Sr3−xTa1+xO5.5+δ phase. Similarities with the SrO–Nb2O5–CuO system are discussed....

High temperature phase transition in SOFC anodes based on Sr2MgMoO6-δ

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marrero-Lopez, D.; Pena-Martinez, J.; Ruiz-Morales, J.C.; Martin-Sedeno, M.C.; Nunez, P.

2009-01-01

The double perovskite Sr 2 MgMoO 6-δ has been recently reported as an efficient anode material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In the present work, this material have been investigated by high temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and impedance spectroscopy to further characterise its properties as SOFC anode. DSC and XRD measurements indicate that Sr 2 MgMoO 6-δ exhibits a reversible phase transition around 275 deg. C from triclinic (I1-bar) with an octahedral tilting distortion to cubic (Fm3-barm) without octahedral distortion. This phase transition is continuous with increasing temperature without any sudden cell volume change during the phase transformation. The main effect of the phase transformation is observed in the electrical conductivity with a change in the activation energy at low temperature. La 3+ and Fe-substituted Sr 2 MgMoO 6-δ phases were also investigated, however these materials are unstable under oxidising conditions due to phase segregations above 600 deg. C. - Graphical abstract: The double perovskite Sr 2 MgMoO 6 , recently proposed as an efficient SOFC anode for direct hydrocarbon oxidation, exhibits a reversible structural phase transition from triclinic to cubic at 275 deg. C.

Electronic structure and chemical bonding in La1-x Sr x MnO3 perovskite ceramics

Science.gov (United States)

Thenmozhi, N.; Sasikumar, S.; Sonai, S.; Saravanan, R.

2017-04-01

This study reports on the synthesis of La1-x Sr x MnO3 (x  =  0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) manganites by high temperature solid state reaction method using lanthanum oxide, strontium carbonate and manganese oxide as starting materials. The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, UV-vis, SEM/EDS and VSM. Structural characterization shows that all the prepared samples have the perovskite rhombohedral structure. Influence of Sr doping on electron density distributions in the lattice structure of LaMnO3 were analyzed through maximum entropy method (MEM). Cell parameters are found to be decreasing with the addition of Sr content. The qualitative and quantitative analysis by MEM reveals that, incorporation of Sr into LaMnO3 lattice enhances the ionic nature between La and O ions and decreases the covalent nature between Mn and O ions. Optical band gap values are determined from the UV-visible absorption spectra. Particles with polygonal form are observed from the SEM micrographs. The elemental compositions of the synthesized samples are confirmed by EDS. The magnetic properties studied from the M-H plot taken at room temperature indicated that, the prepared samples are exhibited ferromagnetic behavior.

Isotope ratio 87Sr/86Sr in limestones from Bambui group, Brazil (MG)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kawashita, K.; Mizusaki, A.M.P.; Kiang, C.H.

1987-01-01

The Sr composition of ancient seawater can be estimated from the analysis of carbonate rocks and, in some cases, used to estimate the age of the analyzed carbonate. The normalized 87Sr/86Sr ratios in calcium carbonate fractions from 14 core samples in the Bambui Group near Montalvania, MG, were found to range between .7077 and .7280. The higher values are attributable to Sr isotopic exchange between silicate and carbonate phases during diagenesis. The ratio of .7077 obtained in two pure calcium carbonate samples is here suggested as the best aproximation for the 87Sr/86Sr value for the Bambui sea. This ratio is compatible with an age of about 700 Ma., estimated from the published 87Sr/86Sr curve of Veizer and others, an age in accordance with Quadros recent (1987, in preparation) identification of marine acritarchs from the latest Precambrian (Vendian). (author) [pt

Structural and compositional characterization of synthetic (Ca,Sr)-tremolite and (Ca,Sr)-diopside solid solutions

Science.gov (United States)

Gottschalk, M.; Najorka, J.; Andrut, M.

Tremolite (CaxSr1-x)2Mg5[Si8O22/(OH)2] and diopside (CaxSr1-x)Mg[Si2O6] solid solutions have been synthesized hydrothermally in equilibrium with a 1 molar (Ca,Sr)Cl2 aqueous solution at 750°C and 200 MPa. The solid run products have been investigated by optical, electron scanning and high resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron microprobe, X-ray-powder diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The synthesized (Ca,Sr)-tremolites are up to 2000 µm long and 30 µm wide, the (Ca,Sr)-diopsides are up to 150 µm long and 20 µm wide. In most runs the tremolites and diopsides are well ordered and chain multiplicity faults are rare. Nearly pure Sr-tremolite (tr0.02Sr-tr0.98) and Sr-diopside (di0.01Sr-di0.99) have been synthesized. A continuous solid solution series, i.e. complete substitution of Sr2+ for Ca2+ on M4-sites exists for (Ca,Sr)-tremolite. Total substitution of Sr2+ for Ca2+ on M2-sites can be assumed for (Ca,Sr)-diopsides. For (Ca,Sr)-tremolites the lattice parameters a, b and β are linear functions of composition and increase with Sr-content whereas c is constant. For the diopside series all 4 lattice parameters are a linear function of composition; a, b, c increase and β decreases with rising Sr-content. The unit cell volume for tremolite increases 3.47% from 906.68 Å3 for tremolite to 938.21 Å3 for Sr-tremolite. For diopside the unit cell volume increases 4.87 % from 439.91 Å3 for diopside to 461.30 Å3 for Sr-diopside. The observed splitting of the OH stretching band in tremolite is caused by different configurations of the next nearest neighbors (multi mode behavior). Resolved single bands can be attributed to the following configurations on the M4-sites: SrSr, SrCa, CaCa and CaMg. The peak positions of these 4 absorption bands are a linear function of composition. They are shifted to lower wavenumbers with increasing Sr-content. No absorption band due to the SrMg configuration on the M4-site is observed. This indicates

IR study of Pb–Sr titanate borosilicate glasses

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Administrator

IR study of Pb–Sr titanate borosilicate glasses. C R GAUTAM*, DEVENDRA KUMAR. † and OM PARKASH. †. Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India. †. Department of Ceramic Engineering, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India. MS received 3 January ...

Characteristic features of the magnetoresistance in the ferrimagnetic (Sr2FeMoO6-δ) - dielectric (SrMoO4) nanocomposite

Science.gov (United States)

Demyanov, S.; Kalanda, N.; Yarmolich, M.; Petrov, A.; Lee, S.-H.; Yu, S.-C.; Oh, S. K.; Kim, D.-H.

2018-05-01

Magnetic metal-oxide compounds with high values of magnetoresistance (MR) have attracted huge interest for spintronic applications, among which Sr2FeMoO6-δ (SFMO) has been relatively less known compared to the cobaltites and manganites, despite 100% electrons spin-polarization degree and a high Curie temperature. Here, stable fabrication and systematic analysis of nanocomposites based on SFMO with SrMoO4 dielectric sheaths are presented. SFMO-SrMoO4 nanocomposites were fabricated as follows: synthesis of the SFMO single-phase nanopowders by the modified citrate-gel technique; compaction under high pressure; thermal treatment for sheaths formation around grains. The nanocomposite is observed to exhibit a transitional behavior of conductivity from metallic, which is characteristic for the SFMO to semiconductor one in the temperature range 4 - 300K under magnetic fields up to 10T. A negative MR is observed due to the spin-polarized charge carriers tunneling through dielectric sheaths. MR value reaches 43% under 8T at 10κ. The dielectric sheaths thickness was determined to be about 10 nm by electric breakdown voltage value at current-voltage characteristics curves. The breakdown is found to be a reversible process determined by collisional ionization of dielectric atoms in strong electric field depending on knocked-out electrons from the SrMoO4. It was found that MR changes sign in electric breakdown region, revealing the giant magnetoresistive properties.

High pressure Moessbauer spectroscopy of perovskite iron oxide

CERN Document Server

Nasu, S; Morimoto, S; Kawakami, T; Kuzushita, K; Takano, M

2003-01-01

High-pressure sup 5 sup 7 Fe Moessbauer spectroscopy using a diamond anvil cell has been performed for perovskite iron oxides SrFeO sub 3 , CaFeO sub 3 and La sub 1 sub / sub 3 Sr sub 2 sub / sub 3 O sub 3. The charge states and the magnetic dependency to pressure were determined. Pressure magnetic phase diagrams of these perovskite iron oxides are determined up to about 70 GPa. To be clear the magnetic ordered state, they are measured up to 7.8 T external magnetic fields at 4.5K. The phase transition of these perovskite oxides to ferromagnetisms with high magnetic ordered temperature is observed. In higher pressure, high spin-low spin transition of oxides besides CaFeO sub 3 is generated. The feature of Moessbauer spectroscopy, perovskite iron oxide and Moessbauer spectroscopy under high pressure are explained. (S.Y.)

Industry's demand for the BESSY synchrotron radiation (SR): approaches towards interlinking basic scientific research activities and industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bierhals, R.; Schmoch, U.; Nick, D.; Pilorget, L.; Ritschel, C.; Walter, G.H.

1994-08-01

In Germany, industry's demand for synchrotron radiation (SR) is very limited, due to the current macroeconomic situation and the corporate strategy of potential SR users in industry. This is in contrast to the conditions in the USA (and Japan), where industrial enterprises more readily invest in and run their own long-term basic research projects for exploration of potential commercial applications according to their demands, with research goals pursued there and in Germany overlapping to a large extent. It cannot be expected that demand for SR from industry in Germany will ever come up to the level seen in the USA. In Germany, non-university research institutes are most likely to become an important group of potential users of SR. Substantially boosting the demand for SR from industry will need a change of macroeconomic framework conditions affecting the corporate strategy to the effect that industry will more strongly commit itself to and take up responsibility for application-oriented fundamental research and the corresponding technology transfer. This can be achieved by a policy providing both for institutional means and financial incentives. As to near-market, strategic technological developments, establishment of structures allowing direct cooperation of science and technology, for instance in the form of joint ventures, or underwriting agreements and corresponding supervisory boards, seem to be promising. As to basic-research-oriented promotion of research, a technology screening might lead to the selection of technology-relevant research goals, and corresponding financial support from a special fund. Such incentives for cooperative action by technology, science and the government will create novel types of research-industry interfaces in Germany between ''historical'' spheres of autonomy of research of industry and the scientific community. (orig.) [de

Sequential determination of {sup 239,240}Pu, {sup 238} Pu, {sup 241} Am and {sup 90}Sr in radioactive wastes using SPE sorbents Analig Pu02, AnaLig Sr01 and TRU Resin; Sekvencne stanovenie {sup 239,240}Pu, {sup 238} Pu, {sup 241} Am a {sup 90}Sr v radioaktivnych odpadoch pouzitim SPE sorbentov Analig Pu02, AnaLig Sr01 a TRU Resin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Durkot, E; Dulanska, S [Univerzita Komenskeho v Bratislave, Prirodovedecka fakulta, Katedra jadrovej chemie, 84215 Bratislava (Slovakia)

2012-04-25

A simple and rapid method of the sequential determination of radionuclides {sup 239,240}Pu, {sup 238} Pu, {sup 241} Am and {sup 90}Sr in radioactive sludge from the NPP Bohunice A1 with high radiochemical yields and efficient removal of interfering components from a matrix was developed. Separation method combines SPE sorbents Analig Pu02, AnaLig Sr01 made by IBC Advanced Technologies and TRU Resin (Eichrom Technologies) placed in tandem. Advantage of a single-stage column located on the vacuum box with a rapid flow is an effective pre-concentration and separation of radionuclides and minimization of sample separation time. (authors)

Radiometric determination of 90Sr in the dissolver solution of the spent PHWR fuel after its separation with solvent extraction and extraction chromatography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kulkarni, P.G.; Gupta, K.K.; Pant, D.K.; Bhalerao, B.A.; Gurba, P.B.; Janardan, P.; Changrani, R.D.; Dey, P.K.; Pathak, P.N.; Mohapatra, P.K.; Manchanda, V.K.

2010-01-01

A simple radiometric method for 90 Sr determination in the dissolver solution of the PHWR spent fuel has been developed.The method involves the quantitative separation of Sr from the associated actinides and other fission products by solvent extraction with 30% trialkylphosphine oxide (TRPO) -n-dodecane followed by extraction chromatography with XAD-7-Di-butylcyclohexano-18-crown-6 resin. The separation scheme yields quantitative recovery of 90 Sr and the separated 90 Sr was found to be radiochemically pure. 90 Sr was estimated by β-radiometry and the precision of the method at 5 mCi/mL level was 2% (RSD). (author)

Effect of the Sr and Fe incorporation on the Pzt electric and ceramic properties; Efeito da incorporacao de Sr e Fe nas propriedades ceramicas e eletricas de PZT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Marcia C. Cavaco dos [Instituto de Pesquisas da Marinha, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Villegas, Marina; Moure, Carlos [Instituto de Ceramica e Vidro, Madrid (Spain)

1997-12-31

The Piezoelectric Pzt properties with compositions near of morphotropic boundary phase can be usefully modified by adding small quantities of various oxides, such as, Fe{sub 2} O{sub 3} and Sr O, which Fe{sub 2} O{sub 3} has been studied due his property of decrease the Dielectric Loss factor and increase the Mechanical Quality Factor of PZT Ceramics. With this purpose a powder was synthesized through an organic precursors route, where a finely divided powder, with a good PZT phase formation at low temperatures. The electrical properties of temperatures. The electrical properties of the [Pb{sub 0.9.8} Sr 0{sub .53} Ti{sub o.4676} Fe{sub 0.00024} {sub 03}] compositions with 1% of Pb O excess confirmed the Fe{sub 2} (O{sub 3}) additive performance, counterbalancing with Sr O effects. (author) 7 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.

Voltage-Controlled Topotactic Phase Transition in Thin-Film SrCoOx Monitored by In Situ X-ray Diffraction.

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Qiyang; Yildiz, Bilge

2016-02-10

Topotactic phase transition of functional oxides induced by changes in oxygen nonstoichiometry can largely alter multiple physical and chemical properties, including electrical conductivity, magnetic state, oxygen diffusivity, and electrocatalytic reactivity. For tuning these properties reversibly, feasible means to control oxygen nonstoichiometry-dependent phase transitions in functional oxides are needed. This paper describes the use of electrochemical potential to induce phase transition in strontium cobaltites, SrCoOx (SCO) between the brownmillerite (BM) phase, SrCoO₂.₅, and the perovskite (P) phase, SrCoO₃₋δ. To monitor the structural evolution of SCO, in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed on an electrochemical cell having (001) oriented thin-film SrCoOx as the working electrode on a single crystal (001) yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte in air. In order to change the effective pO₂ in SCO and trigger the phase transition from BM to P, external electrical biases of up to 200 mV were applied across the SCO film. The phase transition from BM to P phase could be triggered at a bias as low as 30 mV, corresponding to an effective pO₂ of 1 atm at 500 °C. The phase transition was fully reversible and the epitaxial film quality was maintained after reversible phase transitions. These results demonstrate the use of electrical bias to obtain fast and easily accessible switching between different phases as well as distinct physical and chemical properties of functional oxides as exemplified here for SCO.

SrTiO3 Nanocube-Doped Polyaniline Nanocomposites with Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue under Visible Light

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Syed Shahabuddin

2016-02-01

Full Text Available The present study highlights the facile synthesis of polyaniline (PANI-based nanocomposites doped with SrTiO3 nanocubes synthesized via the in situ oxidative polymerization technique using ammonium persulfate (APS as an oxidant in acidic medium for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, X-ray diffraction (XRD, UV–Vis spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis (BET and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR measurements were used to characterize the prepared nanocomposite photocatalysts. The photocatalytic efficiencies of the photocatalysts were examined by degrading methylene blue (MB under visible light irradiation. The results showed that the degradation efficiency of the composite photocatalysts that were doped with SrTiO3 nanocubes was higher than that of the undoped polyaniline. In this study, the effects of the weight ratio of polyaniline to SrTiO3 on the photocatalytic activities were investigated. The results revealed that the nanocomposite P-Sr500 was found to be an optimum photocatalyst, with a 97% degradation efficiency after 90 min of irradiation under solar light.

Oxidation of ammonium sulfite in aqueous solutions using ozone technology

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Yue; Shang, Kefeng; Lu, Na; Li, Jie; Wu, Yan

2013-03-01

How to deal with unstable ammonium sulfite, the byproduct of flue gas desulfuration by ammonia absorption methods, has been a difficult problem in recent years. Oxidation of ammonium sulfite in aqueous solutions using ozone produced by a surface discharge system was investigated in the paper. The oxidation efficiency of ammonium sulfite by ozone and traditional air aeration were compared, and the factors including ozone concentration, gas flow rate, initial concentration of ammonium sulfite solution and reaction temperature were discussed. The results show that the oxidation efficiency of ammonium sulfite by ozone technology reached nearly 100% under the optimum conditions, which had a significant increase compared with that by air aeration.

Topotactic Solid-State Metal Hydride Reductions of Sr2MnO4.

Science.gov (United States)

Hernden, Bradley C; Lussier, Joey A; Bieringer, Mario

2015-05-04

We report novel details regarding the reactivity and mechanism of the solid-state topotactic reduction of Sr2MnO4 using a series of solid-state metal hydrides. Comprehensive details describing the active reducing species are reported and comments on the reductive mechanism are provided, where it is shown that more than one electron is being donated by H(-). Commonly used solid-state hydrides LiH, NaH, and CaH2, were characterized in terms of reducing power. In addition the unexplored solid-state hydrides MgH2, SrH2, and BaH2 are evaluated as potential solid-state reductants and characterized in terms of their reductive reactivities. These 6 group I and II metal hydrides show the following trend in terms of reactivity: MgH2 < SrH2 < LiH ≈ CaH2 ≈ BaH2 < NaH. The order of the reductants are discussed in terms of metal electronegativity and bond strengths. NaH and the novel use of SrH2 allowed for targeted synthesis of reduced Sr2MnO(4-x) (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.37) phases. The enhanced control during synthesis demonstrated by this soft chemistry approach has allowed for a more comprehensive and systematic evaluation of Sr2MnO(4-x) phases than previously reported phases prepared by high temperature methods. Sr2MnO3.63(1) has for the first time been shown to be monoclinic by powder X-ray diffraction and the oxidative monoclinic to tetragonal transition occurs at 450 °C.

Structure and microstructure of the high pressure synthesised misfit layer compound [Sr2O2][CrO2]1.85

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Castillo-Martinez, E.; Schoenleber, A.; Smaalen, S. van; Arevalo-Lopez, A.M.; Alario-Franco, M.A.

2008-01-01

The strontium chromium oxide [Sr 2 O 2 ][CrO 2 ] 1.85 misfit layer compound has been synthesised at high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. Electron diffraction patterns and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images along [001] show the misfit character of the different layers composing the structure with a supercell along the incommensurate parameter b∼7b 1 ∼13b 2 . The modulated crystal structure has been refined within the superspace formalism against single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, employing the (3+1)-dimensional superspace group C'nmb(0σ 2 0)0 0 s. The compound has a composite structure with lattice parameters a 1 =5.182(1) A, b 1 =5.411(1) A, c 1 =18.194(3) A for the first, SrO, subsystem and the same a and c, but with b 2 =2.925(1) A for the second, CrO 2 , subsystem. The layer stacking is similar to that of orthorhombic PbS(TiS 2 ) 1.18 , but with a much stronger intersubsytem bonding in the case of the oxide. The intersubsystem lattice mismatch is mainly handled by displacement modulations of the Sr atoms, correlated with modulations of the valence, the coordination and the anisotropic displacement parameters. - Graphical abstract: A strontium chromium oxide, [Sr 2 O 2 ][CrO 2 ] 1.85 , with an orthorhombic misfit layer structure has been synthesised under high pressure. Mainly modulations on the Sr position, ADPs and coordination save the subsystems lattice mismatch

Magnetism Control by Doping in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterointerfaces.

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, Hong; Zhang, Zhaoting; Wang, Shuanhu; Wei, Xiangyang; Chen, Changle; Jin, Kexin

2018-04-25

Magnetic two-dimensional electron gases at the oxide interfaces are always one of the key issues in spintronics, giving rise to intriguing magnetotransport properties. However, reports about magnetic two-dimensional electron gases remain elusive. Here, we obtain the magnetic order of LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 systems by introducing magnetic dopants at the La site. The transport properties with a characteristic of metallic behavior at the interfaces are investigated. More significantly, magnetic-doped samples exhibit obvious magnetic hysteresis loops and the mobility is enhanced. Meanwhile, the photoresponsive experiments are realized by irradiating all samples with a 360 nm light. Compared to magnetism, the effects of dopants on photoresponsive and relaxation properties are negligible because the behavior originates from SrTiO 3 substrates. This work paves a way for revealing and better controlling the magnetic properties of oxide heterointerfaces.

Influence of SrO substitution for CaO on the properties of bioactive glass S53P4.

Science.gov (United States)

Massera, Jonathan; Hupa, Leena

2014-03-01

Commercial melt-quenched bioactive glasses consist of the oxides of silicon, phosphorus, calcium and sodium. Doping of the glasses with oxides of some other elements is known to affect their capability to support hydroxyapatite formation and thus bone tissue healing but also to modify their high temperature processing parameters. In the present study, the influence of gradual substitution of SrO for CaO on the properties of the bioactive glass S53P4 was studied. Thermal analysis and hot stage microscopy were utilized to measure the thermal properties of the glasses. The in vitro bioactivity and solubility was measured by immersing the glasses in simulated body fluid for 6 h to 1 week. The formation of silica rich and hydroxyapatite layers was assessed from FTIR spectra analysis and SEM images of the glass surface. Increasing substitution of SrO for CaO decreased all characteristic temperatures and led to a slightly stronger glass network. The initial glass dissolution rate increased with SrO content. Hydroxyapatite layer was formed on all glasses but on the SrO containing glasses the layer was thinner and contained also strontium. The results suggest that substituting SrO for CaO in S53P4 glass retards the bioactivity. However, substitution greater than 10 mol% allow for precipitation of a strontium substituted hydroxyapatite layer.

Sintering, microstructure and electrical conductivity of gadolinia-doped ceria with SrO, TiO2 and SrTiO3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dias, Maria Cely Freitas

2013-01-01

Ceria containing trivalent rare-earths is a solid electrolyte with higher ionic conductivity than the standard yttria fully-stabilized zirconia ionic conductor. This property turns these ceria-based ionic conductors promising materials for application in solid oxide fuel cells operating at intermediate temperatures (500-700 deg C). One of the most utilized approaches to optimize the electrical conductivity and other properties of these materials is the introduction of a second additive. In this work, ceria-20 mol% gadolinia with additions of 1, 2.5 and 5 mol% of SrO, TiO 2 and SrTiO 3 as co-additives were prepared by solid state reaction. The main purpose was to investigate the effects of the co-additives on densification, microstructure and electrical conductivity of the solid electrolyte. Sintered pellets were characterized by apparent density, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electrical conductivity by impedance spectroscopy. The additives were found to exert different influences in all studied properties. The way they influence the solid electrolyte properties depends on the type and content of the additive. SrO addition to doped ceria improves the intergranular conductivity, but decreases the apparent density of the pellets. Increase of densification was obtained with TiO 2 addition. This additive promotes increase of the blocking of charge carriers at the grain boundaries due to solute exsolution and formation of the pyrochlore Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 phase at grain boundaries for contents in excess of the solubility limit. No influence on densification was found for SrTiO 3 additions. (author)

Synthesis of ZrO2-TiO2 mixed oxide spheres by sol-gel method and investigation of Sr adsorption behaviours by experimental design approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cetinkaya, B.; Tel, H.; Altas, Y.; Eral, M.; Sert, S.; Inan, S.; Talip, Z.

2009-01-01

ZrO 2 -TiO 2 gel spheres were synthesized by sol-gel method. Zr-Ti sol solution was prepared from ZrCl 4 and TiCl 4 (1:1 mol ratio) via partial neutralization by ammonia to obtain 0.5M final metal concentration. ZrO 2 -TiO 2 sol was transferred to vibrating nozzle system by peristaltic pump. Vibrating nozzle system was designed and produced in Institute of Nuclear Sciences. Sol drops formed by nozzle were gelled in gelation column. Synthesized ZrO 2 -TiO 2 spheres were aged for 24h then washed with deionized water and dried in oven. Sr + 2 adsorption behaviors of ZrO 2 -TiO 2 mixed oxides were investigated with central composite design (CCD). Four independent parameters (pH, initial Sr + 2 concentration, temperature and contact time) were investigated with 7 replicates at central points. Sorption data have been interpreted in terms of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin Radushkevich equations. Thermodynamic parameters for the sorption system have been determined.

Quantum and field effects of oxide heterostructures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Trier, Felix

. In these multi-plexed devices, several inputs aretranslated into several outputs through the multiple physical functionalities.A highly prominent example of such an oxide interface is the one between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3. Although both LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 in the bulk are electrically insulating and non-magnetic......, their interface nonetheless shows attractive properties such as metallic conductivity, superconductivity and ferro magnetism.This thesis will provide an extensive review of the literature concerning the interface metal found in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 as well as in other SrTiO3-based hetero structures. Through this review...... in two different SrTiO3-based heterostructures. Here, it is shown that the interface between amorphous-LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 is superconducting with a larger critical transition temperature than that in LaAlO3/SrTiO3. For γ-Al2O3/SrTiO3 it is shown that non-volatile bipolar resistance switching is possible...

In Situ Chemical Oxidation Using Potassium Permanganate. Innovative Technology Summary Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1999-01-01

The In Situ Chemical Oxidation Using Potassium Permanganate [KMnO4] treats soils or groundwater contaminated with a range of organic chemicals, including trichlorethylene. Potential application to metal and radionuclide contaminants, including oxidation/immobilization of uranium, is being investigated. This technology is designed for use with efficient delivery systems, such as the Multi-Point Injection System and Deep Soil Mixing, to treat contaminants in low permeability soils

Reversal of lattice, electronic structure, and magnetism in epitaxial SrCoOx thin films

Science.gov (United States)

Jeen, H.; Choi, W. S.; Lee, J. H.; Cooper, V. R.; Lee, H. N.; Seo, S. S. A.; Rabe, K. M.

2014-03-01

SrCoOx (x = 2.5 - 3.0, SCO) is an ideal material to study the role of oxygen content for electronic structure and magnetism, since SCO has two distinct topotactic phases: the antiferromagnetic insulating brownmillerite SrCoO2.5 and the ferromagnetic metallic perovskite SrCoO3. In this presentation, we report direct observation of a reversible lattice and electronic structure evolution in SrCoOx epitaxial thin films as well as different magnetic and electronic ground states between the topotactic phases.[2] By magnetization measurements, optical absorption, and transport measurements drastically different electronic and magnetic ground states are found in the epitaxially grown SrCoO2.5 and SrCoO3 thin films by pulsed laser epitaxy. First-principles calculations confirm substantial, which originate from the modification in the Co valence states and crystallographic structures. By real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry, the two electronically and magnetically different phases can be reversibly changed by changing the ambient pressure at greatly reduced temperatures. Our finding provides an important pathway to understanding the novel oxygen-content-dependent phase transition uniquely found in multivalent transition metal oxides. The work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division.

Tuning the electrocaloric effect by varying Sr concentration in ferroelectric Ba1 -xSrxTiO3

Science.gov (United States)

Lisenkov, S.; Ponomareva, I.

2018-05-01

The electrocaloric effect is investigated systematically in Ba1 -xSrxTiO3 ferroelectrics using a semiclassical direct computational approach. The data are reported for the technologically important range of Sr concentrations of 0.0-0.6, electric fields up to 1000 kV/cm, and temperatures ranging from 5 to 600 K. A detailed comparison of computational data with experimental data from the literature reveals semiquantitative agreement and suggests the origin of discrepancies. The electrocaloric change in temperature Δ T shows strong dependence on Sr concentration which offers a way to tune electrocaloric response. In particular, the maximum electrocaloric Δ T is found to decrease with the increase in Sr concentration, whereas the location of the maximum shifts towards lower temperatures following the Curie point of the ferroelectric. Surprisingly, the width of the peak in the dependence of Δ T on the initial temperature is independent of the Sr concentration but shows a strong dependence on the applied electric field. Computational data are used to propose a compositionally graded ferroelectric Ba0.70Sr0.30TiO3/Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3/Ba0.50Sr0.50TiO3/Ba0.45Sr0.55TiO3 whose Δ T shows almost no temperature dependence in the technologically important range of temperatures and electric fields. Such a desirable feature could potentially lead to the enhancement of relative cooling power.

An oxide-based thermoelectric generator: Transversal thermoelectric strip-device

Science.gov (United States)

Teichert, S.; Bochmann, A.; Reimann, T.; Schulz, T.; Dreßler, C.; Töpfer, J.

2015-07-01

A special design of an oxide-based transversal thermoelectric device utilizing thermoelectric oxides in combination with a ceramic multilayer technology is proposed. Metal strips within the ceramic matrix replace the tilted stack of alternating layers used in artificial anisotropic transversal thermoelectric devices. Numerical three-dimensional simulations of both device types reveal better thermoelectric performance data for the device with metal stripes. A monolithic transversal strip-device based on the material combination La1.97Sr0.03CuO4/Ag6Pd1 was prepared and electrically characterized. A maximum power output of 4.0 mW was determined at ΔT = 225 K for the monolithic device. The observed results are in remarkable agreement with three-dimensional numerical simulations utilizing the transport parameters of the two materials and the geometry data of the device.

Nonstoichiometry and stability in water of undoped SrCeO3

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jurado, J. R.

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Strontium cerate is the parent phase of an important class of proton-conducting perovskites with various potential technological applications. Phase formation and structure of SrCeO3 with Sr:Ce nonstoichiometry have been investigated for the series, Sr1±xCeO3±δ (0.98 ≤ x ≤ 1.04. Analyses by EPMA (electron probe micro analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD indicate that, for samples sintered at 1350°C, the main phase is Sr-rich for all x. The accommodation of excess SrO in the bulk phase and/or intergranular regions is discussed. The stability of nominally stoichiometric SrCeO3 was examined in an atmosphere of high water vapour partial pressure (pH2O for 2 hours, degrading to Sr(OH2.H2O and CeO2 for pH2O ≥ 3.6atm.La fase SrCeO3 da origen a una importante familia de perovskitas conductoras protónicas con potenciales aplicaciones tecnológicas. En este trabajo se estudia la formación de la fase y la estructura de SrCeO3 con la relación Sr:Ce no estequiométrica para la serie Sr1±xCeO3±δ (0.98 ≤ x ≤ 1.04. Los análisis por microsonda (EPMA y difracción de rayos X (DRX indican que en las muestras sinterizadas a 1350°C, la fase principal es rica en estroncio para todo valor de x. Se discute la posible ubicación del exceso de SrO tanto en la región intergranular como en el propio grano. También se examina la estabilidad de la composición con estequiometría nominal SrCeO3 en una atmosfera con una alta presión de vapor de agua (pH2O, observándose que la degradación a Sr(OH2.H2O y CeO2 ocurre a pH2O ≥ 3.6atm (expuesto durante 2 horas.

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of La(Sr)Ga(Mg)O{sub 3-{delta}} for electrolyte of solid oxide fuel cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishikawa, Hiroyuki [Center for Advanced Research of Energy Conversion Materials, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628 (Japan); Enoki, Makiko [Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka 812-8581 (Japan); Ishihara, Tatsumi [Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka 812-8581 (Japan); Akiyama, Tomohiro [Center for Advanced Research of Energy Conversion Materials, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628 (Japan)]. E-mail: takiyama@eng.hokudai.ac.jp

2007-03-14

This paper describes self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) of an electrolyte for solid oxide fuel (SOFC), in comparison to a conventional solid-state reaction method (SRM). Doped-lanthanum gallate: La{sub 0.9}Sr{sub 0.1}Ga{sub 0.8}Mg{sub 0.2}O{sub 3-{delta}} (LSGM9182) and LSGM9173 as the SOFC electrolyte, was prepared by the SHS and sintered at different temperatures, for measuring the electrical conductivity of the sintered LSGM and the power generating performance at 1073 K, in comparison to the SRM. In the SHS, the LSGM powders with smaller size were obtained and easily sintered at the 100 K-lower temperature, 1673 K, than in the SRM. Most significantly, the electrical conductivity of the sintered LSGM9182 was as high as 0.11 S cm{sup -1} and its maximum power density was a value of 245 mW cm{sup -2} in the cell configuration of Ni/LSGM9182 (0.501 mm in thickness)/Sm{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}CoO{sub 3}. The conclusion was that the proposed SHS-sintering method with many benefits of minimizing the energy requirement and the processing time in the production, easing temperature restriction for the sintering, and improving the electrolyte performance up to a conventional level is practicable for producing the LSGM-electrolyte of SOFC at an intermediate-temperature application.

Effect of Wood Aging on Wine Mineral Composition and 87Sr/86Sr Isotopic Ratio.

Science.gov (United States)

Kaya, Ayse D; Bruno de Sousa, Raúl; Curvelo-Garcia, António S; Ricardo-da-Silva, Jorge M; Catarino, Sofia

2017-06-14

The evolution of mineral composition and wine strontium isotopic ratio 87 Sr/ 86 Sr (Sr IR) during wood aging were investigated. A red wine was aged in stainless steel tanks with French oak staves (Quercus sessiliflora Salisb.), with three industrial scale replicates. Sampling was carried out after 30, 60, and 90 days of aging, and the wines were evaluated in terms of general analysis, phenolic composition, total polysaccharides, multielement composition, and Sr IR. Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Two-way ANOVA was applied to assess wood aging and time effect on Sr IR and mineral composition. Wood aging resulted in significantly higher concentrations of Mg, V, Co, Ni, and Sr. At the end of the aging period, wine exhibited statistically identical Sr IR compared to control. Study suggests that wood aging does not affect 87 Sr/ 86 Sr, not precluding the use of this parameter for wine traceability purposes.

Electrochemical performance of the rare-earth perovskite-type oxide La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 as negative electrode material for Ni/oxide rechargeable batteries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John Henao

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract In this paper, the perovskite-type oxide La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 was evaluated as a novel negative electrode material for Ni/oxide rechargeable batteries. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared powder was studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The electrochemical performance of the perovskite-type oxide was investigated using chronopotentiometric, chronoamperometric and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The maximum discharge capacity values of the perovskite-type electrodes were obtained during the first three cycles (51, 172 and 462 mAh g−1 at 298, 313 and 333 K, respectively. The maximum adsorption capability of hydrogen in the perovskite-type electrode was 1.72% wt. hydrogen at a current rate of 125 mA g−1, 333 K and 6 M KOH. The cycling ability was fairly good with 64% capacity conservation after 20 cycles at 333 K. The electrochemical evaluation was also performed using different electrolyte concentrations; interestingly, the maximum discharge capacity of the perovskite-type electrodes increased in a linear-like manner with the incremental changes in electrolyte concentration. The hydrogen diffusion coefficient and exchange current density were also estimated to discuss the kinetics of the process.

Self-organization in complex oxide thin films: from 2D to 0D nanostructures of SrRuO3 and CoCr2O4

Science.gov (United States)

Sánchez, F.; Lüders, U.; Herranz, G.; Infante, I. C.; Fontcuberta, J.; García-Cuenca, M. V.; Ferrater, C.; Varela, M.

2005-05-01

We report here on the controlled fabrication of nanostructures of varied dimensionality by self-organization processes in the heteroepitaxial growth of SrRuO3 (SRO) and CoCr2O4 (CCO) films. The surface of SRO films on SrTiO3(001) substrates can show extremely smooth terraces (2D objects) separated by atomic steps, a structure of faceted islands (0D objects), a cross-hatch morphology (1D objects), an array of finger-like units (1D objects), or an array of giant bunched steps (1D objects). The surface can be tailored to a particular structure by controlling the vicinality of the substrate and the growth rate and nominal thickness of the film. In the case of CCO films, grown on (001)-oriented MgAl2O4 or MgO substrates, high aspect ratio {111}-faceted pyramids and hut clusters (0D objects), highly oriented and having a similar size, appear above a critical thickness. The size and spatial density can be tuned by varying deposition temperature, nominal thickness, and substrate. This dependence allows the fabrication of surfaces being fully faceted (2D objects), or having arrays of dislocated pyramids of up to micrometric size, or small coherently lattice strained pyramids having a nanometric size. We discuss the driving forces that originate the peculiar SRO and CCO nanostructures. The findings illustrate that the growth of complex oxides can promote a variety of novel self-organized morphologies, and suggest original strategies to fabricate templates or hybrid structures of oxides combining varied functionalities.

Effect of Sintering Time on Superconducting Wire Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O With Dopant MgO Sheated Ag Using Powder in Tube Method

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hariyati Lubis

2018-01-01

  DAFTAR PUSTAKA Abbas M.M., Abass L.K and Salman U., (2012, Influences of Sintering Time on the Tc of Bi2-xCuxPb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3010+ High Temperature Superconductors, Energy Procedia 18, 215-224  Abbas, M.M., Abbas, L.K., Bahedh, H.S. 2015. Superconducting Properties of Bi2-SbxPb0,3Sr1,9Ba0,1Ca2Cu3O10+δ Compounds. Journal of Applied Science Research. 11. 22: 164-172 Darsono, N., Imaduddin, A., Raju, K., Yoon, D.H., (2015, Synthesis and Characterization of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O7 Superconducting Oxide by High-Energy Milling, J Supercond Nov Magn. E. Chew,. (2010, Superconducting Transformer Design And Construction, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. March Hamadneh, I., Halim, S. A., dan Lee, C. K., (2006,  Characterization of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy Ceramic Superconductor Prepared Via Coprecipitation Method at Different Sintering Time, J. Mater. Sci, 41: 5526-5530. Hermiz G.Y., Aljurani B.A., Beayaty M.A., (2014, Effect of Mn Substitution on the Superconducting Properties of Bi1.7Pb0,3Sr2Ca2-xMnxCu3O10+, International Journal Of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT. 3. 4: 213-217 John R Hull, (2003, Applications of high-temperature superconductors in power technology, Reports on Progress in Physics, Volume 66, Number 11 Lu, X.Y., Yi, D., Chen, H., Nagata, A. 2016. Effect of Sn, MgO and Ag2O mix-doping on the formation and superconducting properties of Bi-2223 Ag/tapes. Physics Procedia. 81: 129-132 Meretliev Sh., Sadykov K.B., Berkeliev A., (2000, Doping of High Temperature Superconductors, Turk J Phy.24: 39-48 Mohammed, N. H., Ramadhan A., Ali I. A., Ibrahim, I. H., dan Hassan, M. S, (2012, Optimizing the Preparation Conditions of Bi-2223 Superconducting Phase Using PbO and PbO2, Materials Sciences and Applications, 3: 224-233. Roumie, M., Marhaba, S., Awad R., Kork M., Hassan I., Mawassi R., (2014, Effect of Fe2O3 Nano-Oxide Addition on the Superconducting Properties of the (Bi,Pb-2223 Phase, Journal of Supercond Nov Magn, 27: 143-153 Serkan

Comparing Pt/SrTiO3 to Rh/SrTiO3 for hydrogen photocatalytic production from ethanol

KAUST Repository

Wahab, A. K.; Odedairo, T.; Labis, J.; Hedhili, Mohamed N.; Delavar, A.; Idriss, H.

2013-01-01

Photocatalytic hydrogen production from ethanol as an example of biofuel is studied over 0.5 wt% Rh/SrTiO3 and 0.5 wt% Pt/SrTiO3 perovskite materials. The rate of hydrogen production, rH2, over Pt/SrTiO3 is found to be far higher than that observed over Rh/SrTiO3 (4 × 10−6 mol of H2 g catal. −1 min−1 (1.1 × 10−6 mol of H2 m catal. −2 min−1) compared to 0.7 × 10−6 mol of H2 g catal. −1 min−1 (5.5 × 10−8 mol of H2 m catal. −2 min−1), respectively, under UV excitation with a flux equivalent to that from the sun light (ca. 1 mW cm−2). Analyses of the XPS Rh3d and XPS Pt4f indicate that Rh is mainly present in its ionic form (Rh3+) while Pt is mainly present in its metallic form (Pt0). A fraction of the non-metallic state of Rh in the catalyst persisted even after argon ion sputtering. The tendency of Rh to be oxidized compared to Pt might be the reason behind the lower activity of the former compared to the later. On the contrary, a larger amount of methane are formed on the Rh containing catalyst compared to that observed on the Pt containing catalyst due to the capacity of Rh to break the carbon–carbon bond of the organic compound.

Comparing Pt/SrTiO3 to Rh/SrTiO3 for hydrogen photocatalytic production from ethanol

KAUST Repository

Wahab, A. K.

2013-08-13

Photocatalytic hydrogen production from ethanol as an example of biofuel is studied over 0.5 wt% Rh/SrTiO3 and 0.5 wt% Pt/SrTiO3 perovskite materials. The rate of hydrogen production, rH2, over Pt/SrTiO3 is found to be far higher than that observed over Rh/SrTiO3 (4 × 10−6 mol of H2 g catal. −1 min−1 (1.1 × 10−6 mol of H2 m catal. −2 min−1) compared to 0.7 × 10−6 mol of H2 g catal. −1 min−1 (5.5 × 10−8 mol of H2 m catal. −2 min−1), respectively, under UV excitation with a flux equivalent to that from the sun light (ca. 1 mW cm−2). Analyses of the XPS Rh3d and XPS Pt4f indicate that Rh is mainly present in its ionic form (Rh3+) while Pt is mainly present in its metallic form (Pt0). A fraction of the non-metallic state of Rh in the catalyst persisted even after argon ion sputtering. The tendency of Rh to be oxidized compared to Pt might be the reason behind the lower activity of the former compared to the later. On the contrary, a larger amount of methane are formed on the Rh containing catalyst compared to that observed on the Pt containing catalyst due to the capacity of Rh to break the carbon–carbon bond of the organic compound.

Aurivillius-Popper mixed superconductors in BiO--CuO--(Sr/sub 0.5/, Ca/sub 0.5/)O system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fukuhara, M.; Bhalla, A.S.; Mulay, L.N.; Newnham, R.E.

1989-01-01

We report the effect of inhomogeneities on the electric resistivity and ac magnetic susceptibility in Aurivillius-like bismuth mixed phase oxides of the BiO--Cuo--(Sr/sub 0.5/, Ca/sub 0.5/)O system and propose a crystal structure of the major phase having highest T/sub c/. Nominal Aurivillius compositions with molar ratios of BiO/(Sr/sub 0.5/, Ca/sub 0.5/)O = 1/2 are superconductors with T/sub c/ ranging from 83 to 107 K, and are accompanied by a large expansion during sintering due to the formation of Kirkendall voids. T/sub c/ increases with decreasing of the c lattice parameter. An oxide BiSrCaCu 2 O/sub x/ (n = 2) shows a maximum T/sub c/ value of 107 K and an onset of superconductivity at a much higher temperature. It seems that the structure of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O/sub x/ consists of an Aurivillius-like phase having two perovskite layers and a Popper mixed phase. The ac magnetic susceptibility showed an overall decrease in susceptibility with time up to 220 days. This appears to be related to the relief of intralattice strain

Effect of the Sr and Fe incorporation on the Pzt electric and ceramic properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos, Marcia C. Cavaco dos; Villegas, Marina; Moure, Carlos

1997-01-01

The Piezoelectric Pzt properties with compositions near of morphotropic boundary phase can be usefully modified by adding small quantities of various oxides, such as, Fe 2 O 3 and Sr O, which Fe 2 O 3 has been studied due his property of decrease the Dielectric Loss factor and increase the Mechanical Quality Factor of PZT Ceramics. With this purpose a powder was synthesized through an organic precursors route, where a finely divided powder, with a good PZT phase formation at low temperatures. The electrical properties of temperatures. The electrical properties of the [Pb 0.9.8 Sr 0 .53 Ti o.4676 Fe 0.00024 ) 03 ] compositions with 1% of Pb O excess confirmed the Fe 2 O 3 ) additive performance, counterbalancing with Sr O effects. (author)

Low temperature fluorination of Sr3Fe2O7−x with polyvinylidine fluoride: An X-ray powder diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hancock, Cathryn A.; Herranz, Tirma; Marco, Jose F.; Berry, Frank J.; Slater, Peter R.

2012-01-01

Fluorination of the Ruddlesden Popper phase, Sr 3 Fe 2 O 7−x by heat treatment with polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) gives a range of novel oxide fluoride compounds. Fluorination with 1 mol equivalent PVDF leads to a filling of the normal Ruddlesden Popper structure anion sites and a material of composition Sr 3 Fe 2 O 5+x F 2−x (x≈0.28(4)) which contains both Fe 4+ and Fe 3+ . Increasing the amount of PVDF to 2 mol equivalent leads to an increase in anion content due to filling of half the interstitial sites within the structure, with iron being completely reduced to Fe 3+ leading to a composition Sr 3 Fe 2 O 4 F 4 . An increase in the amount of PVDF to ≈3 mol equivalent leads to a further increase in unit cell volume, attributed to complete filling of the interstitial sites and a composition Sr 3 Fe 2 O 3 F 6 . 57 Fe Mössbauer spectra in the temperature range 10–300 K demonstrated the complexity of the magnetic interactions in each of the three phases which reflect different local compositions of oxygen and fluorine around the iron ions thus influencing the superexchange pathways. - Graphical abstract: Low temperature (375 °C) fluorination of Sr 3 Fe 2 O 7−x with poly(vinylidene fluoride) leads to the production of three new Ruddlesden Popper oxide fluorides with progressive filling of the anion sites within the structure. Highlights: ► The fluorination of Sr 3 Fe 2 O 7−x using PVDF. ► The control of the fluorine content with amount of PVDF used. ► The synthesis of three new Fe based oxide fluorides. ► The identification of the structures of these oxide fluorides.

Preparation structure and dielectric behaviour of the system Sr1 ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Unknown

perovskite oxide system Sr1–xLaxTi1–xFexO3 (x ≤ 0⋅50). XRD studies ..... Here ωis the angular frequency, which is equal to. 2πfmax and τD .... Dipole or dipolar polarisation is also referred to as orientation polarisation involves the ... attributed to the formation of barrier layers at grain–grain-boundaries interfaces similar to.

Kinetic studies of Chromobacterium viscosum lipase in AOT water in oil microemulsions and gelatin microemulsion-based organogels.

Science.gov (United States)

Jenta, T R; Batts, G; Rees, G D; Robinson, B H

1997-06-05

Kinetic studies have shown that octyl decanoate synthesis by Chromobacterium viscosum (CV) lipase in sodium bis-2-(ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) water in oil (w/o) microemulsions occurs via the nonsequential (ping-pong) bi bi mechanism. There was evidence of single substrate inhibition by decanoic acid at high concentrations. Initial rate data yielded estimates for acid and alcohol Michaelis constants of ca. 10(-1) mol dm(-3) and a maximum rate under saturation conditions of ca. 10(-3) mol dm(-3) s(-1) for a lipase concentration of 0.36 mg cm(-3). CV lipase immobilized in AOT microemulsion-based organogels (MBGs) was also found to catalyze the synthesis of octyl decanoate according to the ping-pong bi bi mechanism. Reaction rates were similar in the free and immobilized systems under comparable conditions. Initial rates at saturating (but noninhibiting) substrate concentrations were first order with respect to CV lipase concentration in both w/o microemulsions and the MBG/oil systems. Gradients yielded an apparent k(cat) = 4.4 x 10(-4) mol g(-1) s(-1) in the case of w/o microemulsions, and 6.1 x 10(-4) mol g(-1) s(-1) for CV lipase immobilized in the MBGs. A third system comprising w/o microemulsions containing substrates and gelatin at concentrations comparable to those employed in the MBG formulations, provided a useful link between the conventional liquid microemulsion medium and the solid organogels. The nongelation of these intermediate systems stems from the early inclusion of substrate during a modified preparative protocol. The presence of substrate appears to prevent the development of a percolated microstructure that is thought to be a prerequisite for MBG formation. FT-NMR was employed as a semicontinuous in situ assay procedure. The apparent activity expressed by CV lipase in compositionally equivalent liquid and solid phase gelatin-containing systems was similar. An apparent activation energy of 24 +/- 2 kJ mol(-1) was determined by (1)H-NMR for

Geochronological synthesis of Bahia state and the crustal evolution, based in evolution diagram of Sr and initial rate of Sr87/Sr86

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sato, K.

1986-01-01

The crustal evolution of the ancient terrains of the State of Bahia, Brazil, is attempted with the aid of Sr isotopic results as natural tracers. Some Nd and Pb isotopic data are also available, and support the main conclusions based on Sr evolution diagrams. The analysis of the Sr evolution diagrams shows that the Archean Terrains are mainly formed by accretion from mantle-derived material, but crustal reworking is indicated by the high initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr value of the Jequie Complex. The Transamazonian mobile belt include both types of materials, but the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr value, generally lower than those of the Jequie Complex, markes improbable a direct derivation. During Middle and Late Proterozoic, the continental crust was already well consolidated, and reworking of crustal material predominated within the Espinhaco and Brasiliano folded systems [pt

Coupled S and Sr isotope evidences for elevated arsenic concentrations in groundwater from the world's largest antimony mine, Central China

Science.gov (United States)

Wen, Bing; Zhou, Aiguo; Zhou, Jianwei; Liu, Cunfu; Huang, Yuliu; Li, Ligang

2018-02-01

The Xikuangshan(XKS) mine, the world's largest antimony mine, was chosen for a detailed arsenic hydrogeochemical study because of the elevated arsenic in bedrock aquifers used by local residents. Hydrochemical data, δ34S values of dissolved SO42- and 87Sr/86Sr ratios have been analyzed to identify the predominant geochemical processes that control the arsenic mobilization within the aquifers. Groundwater samples can be divided into three major types: low arsenic groundwater (0-50 μg/L), high arsenic groundwater (50-1000 μg/L) and anomalous high arsenic groundwater (>1000 μg/L). Arsenic occurs under oxidizing conditions at the XKS Sb mine as the HAsO42- anion. The Ca/Na ratio correlates significantly with HCO3-/Na and Sr/Na ratios, indicating that carbonate dissolution and silicate weathering are the dominant processes controlling groundwater hydrochemistry. The δ34S values of the groundwater indicate that dissolved SO42- in groundwater is mainly sourced from the oxidation of sulfide minerals, and elevated As concentrations in groundwater are influenced by the mixing of mine water and surface water. Furthermore, the δ34S values are not correlated with dissolved As concentrations and Fe concentrations, suggesting that the reduction dissolution of Fe(III) hydroxides is not the dominant process controlling As mobilization. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios imply that elevated As concentrations in groundwater are primarily derived from the interaction with the stibnite and silicified limestone. More specifically, the excess-Na ion, the feature of Ca/Na ratio, and the spatial association of elevated As concentrations in groundwater collectively suggest that high and anomalous high arsenic groundwater are associated with smelting slags and, in particular, the arsenic alkali residue. In general, the hydrochemistry analysis, especially the S and Sr isotope evidences elucidate that elevated As concentrations and As mobilization are influenced by several geochemical processes

Sintering, microstructure and electrical conductivity of gadolinia-doped ceria with SrO, TiO{sub 2} and SrTiO{sub 3}; Sinterizacao, microestrutura e condutividade eletrica da ceria-gadolinia com adicoes de SrO, TiO{sub 2} e SrTiO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dias, Maria Cely Freitas

2013-07-01

Ceria containing trivalent rare-earths is a solid electrolyte with higher ionic conductivity than the standard yttria fully-stabilized zirconia ionic conductor. This property turns these ceria-based ionic conductors promising materials for application in solid oxide fuel cells operating at intermediate temperatures (500-700 deg C). One of the most utilized approaches to optimize the electrical conductivity and other properties of these materials is the introduction of a second additive. In this work, ceria-20 mol% gadolinia with additions of 1, 2.5 and 5 mol% of SrO, TiO{sub 2} and SrTiO{sub 3} as co-additives were prepared by solid state reaction. The main purpose was to investigate the effects of the co-additives on densification, microstructure and electrical conductivity of the solid electrolyte. Sintered pellets were characterized by apparent density, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electrical conductivity by impedance spectroscopy. The additives were found to exert different influences in all studied properties. The way they influence the solid electrolyte properties depends on the type and content of the additive. SrO addition to doped ceria improves the intergranular conductivity, but decreases the apparent density of the pellets. Increase of densification was obtained with TiO{sub 2} addition. This additive promotes increase of the blocking of charge carriers at the grain boundaries due to solute exsolution and formation of the pyrochlore Gd{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} phase at grain boundaries for contents in excess of the solubility limit. No influence on densification was found for SrTiO{sub 3} additions. (author)

Temperature-independent sensors based on perovskite-type oxides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zaza, F.; Frangini, S.; Masci, A.; Leoncini, J.; Pasquali, M.; Luisetto, I.; Tuti, S.

2013-01-01

The need of energy security and environment sustainability drives toward the development of energy technology in order to enhance the performance of internal combustion engines. Gas sensors play a key role for controlling the fuel oxygen ratio and monitoring the pollution emissions. The perovskite-type oxides can be synthesized for an extremely wide variety of combinations of chemical elements, allowing to design materials with suitable properties for sensing application. Lanthanum strontium ferrites, such as La 0.7 Sr 0.3 FeO 3 , are suitable oxygen sensing materials with temperature-independence conductivity, but they have low chemical stability under reducing conditions. The addition of aluminum into the perovskite structure improves the material properties in order to develop suitable oxygen sensing probes for lean burn engine control systems. Perovskite-type oxides with formula (La 0.7 Sr 0.3 )(Al x Fe 1−x )O 3 was synthesized by the citrate-nitrate combustion synthesis method. XRD analyses, show that it was synthesized a phase-pure powder belonging to the perovskite structure. Aluminum affects both the unit cell parameters, by shrinking the unit cell, and the powder morphology, by promoting the synthesis of particles with small crystallite size and large specific surface area. The partial substitution of iron with aluminum improves the chemical stability under reducing gas conditions and modulates the oxygen sensitivity by affecting the relative amount of Fe 4+ and Fe 3+ , as confirmed from TPR profiles. In the same time, the addition of aluminum does not affects the temperature-independent properties of lanthanum strontium ferrites. Indeed, the electrical measurements show that (La 0.7 Sr 0.3 )(Al x Fe 1−x )O 3 perovskites have temperature-independence conductivity from 900 K

Temperature-independent sensors based on perovskite-type oxides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zaza, F.; Frangini, S.; Masci, A. [ENEA-Casaccia R.C., Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 S.Maria di Galeria, Rome (Italy); Leoncini, J.; Pasquali, M. [University La Sapienza, Piazza Via del Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161 Rome (Italy); Luisetto, I.; Tuti, S. [University RomaTre, Rome 00146 (Italy)

2014-06-19

The need of energy security and environment sustainability drives toward the development of energy technology in order to enhance the performance of internal combustion engines. Gas sensors play a key role for controlling the fuel oxygen ratio and monitoring the pollution emissions. The perovskite-type oxides can be synthesized for an extremely wide variety of combinations of chemical elements, allowing to design materials with suitable properties for sensing application. Lanthanum strontium ferrites, such as La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}FeO{sub 3}, are suitable oxygen sensing materials with temperature-independence conductivity, but they have low chemical stability under reducing conditions. The addition of aluminum into the perovskite structure improves the material properties in order to develop suitable oxygen sensing probes for lean burn engine control systems. Perovskite-type oxides with formula (La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3})(Al{sub x}Fe{sub 1−x})O{sub 3} was synthesized by the citrate-nitrate combustion synthesis method. XRD analyses, show that it was synthesized a phase-pure powder belonging to the perovskite structure. Aluminum affects both the unit cell parameters, by shrinking the unit cell, and the powder morphology, by promoting the synthesis of particles with small crystallite size and large specific surface area. The partial substitution of iron with aluminum improves the chemical stability under reducing gas conditions and modulates the oxygen sensitivity by affecting the relative amount of Fe{sup 4+} and Fe{sup 3+}, as confirmed from TPR profiles. In the same time, the addition of aluminum does not affects the temperature-independent properties of lanthanum strontium ferrites. Indeed, the electrical measurements show that (La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3})(Al{sub x}Fe{sub 1−x})O{sub 3} perovskites have temperature-independence conductivity from 900 K.

Luminescence investigations of rare earth doped lead-free borate glasses modified by MO (M = Ca, Sr, Ba)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Janek, Joanna, E-mail: janek.joanna@gmail.com; Sołtys, Marta; Żur, Lidia; Pietrasik, Ewa; Pisarska, Joanna; Pisarski, Wojciech A.

2016-09-01

Series of lead-free borate glasses with different oxide modifiers and lanthanide ions were prepared. The effect of oxide modifiers MO (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) on spectroscopic properties of trivalent Ln{sup 3+} (Ln = Eu, Er, Pr) were systematically investigated. Especially, the luminescence spectra of Ln{sup 3+}-doped lead-free borate glasses are presented and discussed in relation to the impact of selective components (CaO, SrO and BaO). Several spectroscopic parameters, such as the fluorescence intensity ratio R/O (Eu{sup 3+}) and measured luminescence lifetimes for the {sup 5}D{sub 0} (Eu{sup 3+}), {sup 4}I{sub 13/2} (Er{sup 3+}) and {sup 1}D{sub 2} (Pr{sup 3+}) excited states of lanthanide ions were analyzed in details. The research proved that spectroscopic properties of trivalent Ln{sup 3+} depend significantly on kind of presence oxide modifiers MO (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) in glass host matrices. - Highlights: • Luminescence of Ln{sup 3+}-doped borate glasses was presented and discussed. • Effect of glass modifiers on spectroscopic properties of rare earths was studied. • Measured luminescence lifetimes of Ln{sup 3+} (Ln = Eu, Er, Pr) were analyzed. • Luminescence intensity ratios R/O (Eu{sup 3+}) were determined.

Evolution of the SrTiO3/MoO3 interface electronic structure: An in situ photoelectron spectroscopy study

KAUST Repository

Du, Yuanmin; Peng, Haiyang; Mao, Hongying; Jin, Kexin; Wang, Hong; Li, Feng; Gao, Xingyu; Chen, Wei; Wu, Tao

2015-01-01

Modifying the surface energetics, particularly the work function, of advanced materials is of critical importance for a wide range of surface- and interface-based devices. In this work, using in situ photoelectron spectroscopy, we investigated the evolution of electronic structure at the SrTiO3 surface during the growth of ultrathin MoO3 layers. Thanks to the large work function difference between SrTiO3 and MoO3, the energy band alignment on the SrTiO3 surface is significantly modified. The charge transfer and dipole formation at the SrTiO3/MoO3 interface leads to a large modulation of work function and an apparent doping in SrTiO3. The measured evolution of electronic structure and upward band bending suggest that the growth of ultrathin MoO3 layers is a powerful tool to modulate the surface energetics of SrTiO3, and this surface-engineering approach could be generalized to other functional oxides.

Evolution of the SrTiO3/MoO3 interface electronic structure: An in situ photoelectron spectroscopy study

KAUST Repository

Du, Yuanmin

2015-05-12

Modifying the surface energetics, particularly the work function, of advanced materials is of critical importance for a wide range of surface- and interface-based devices. In this work, using in situ photoelectron spectroscopy, we investigated the evolution of electronic structure at the SrTiO3 surface during the growth of ultrathin MoO3 layers. Thanks to the large work function difference between SrTiO3 and MoO3, the energy band alignment on the SrTiO3 surface is significantly modified. The charge transfer and dipole formation at the SrTiO3/MoO3 interface leads to a large modulation of work function and an apparent doping in SrTiO3. The measured evolution of electronic structure and upward band bending suggest that the growth of ultrathin MoO3 layers is a powerful tool to modulate the surface energetics of SrTiO3, and this surface-engineering approach could be generalized to other functional oxides.

Heat capacity measurement of Ba3SrNb2O9

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Singh, B.M.; Samui, Pradeep; Agarwal, Renu; Mukerjee, S.K.

2016-01-01

Barium, Strontium and Niobium are important fission products in nuclear reactor with reasonable fission yields. During irradiation of oxide fuels, they can combine to form compounds of Ba-Sr-Nb-O system. Therefore, thermodynamic properties of Ba 3 SrNb 2 O 9 are required for modelling fuel behaviour however thermodynamic data of this compound is not available in literature. Ba 3 SrNb 2 O 9 was prepared by solid state route, by mixing stoichiometric amounts of finely grounded SrCO 3 , BaCO 3 and Nb 2 O 5 . Finally mixed powder was pressed into a pellet at 5 ton pressure for 2 minutes in a hydraulic press and the pellet was heated at 1123 K for 60 h in air. The pellet was cooled, finely grounded, re-pelletised and heated at 1473 K for 120 h. The formation of compound was confirmed by X-ray diffraction pattern, collected at room temperature using Cu-K α radiation (λ = 1.54 nm), scanned over the angular range 20-80° (2θ) with steps of 0.02°. Heat capacity of the compound was measured by the classical three-step method, in continuous mode, using LABSYS EVO, in temperature range of 370 and 950 K. No transition was observed in the investigated temperature range

Nanoscale monoclinic domains in epitaxial SrRuO3 thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Ghica, C.; Negrea, R. F.; Nistor, L. C.; Chirila, C. F.; Pintilie, L.

2014-07-01

In this paper, we analyze the structural distortions observed by transmission electron microscopy in thin epitaxial SrRuO3 layers used as bottom electrodes in multiferroic coatings onto SrTiO3 substrates for future multiferroic devices. Regardless of the nature and architecture of the multilayer oxides deposited on the top of the SrRuO3 thin films, selected area electron diffraction patterns systematically revealed the presence of faint diffraction spots appearing in forbidden positions for the SrRuO3 orthorhombic structure. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) combined with Geometric Phase Analysis (GPA) evidenced the origin of these forbidden diffraction spots in the presence of structurally disordered nanometric domains in the SrRuO3 bottom layers, resulting from a strain-driven phase transformation. The local high compressive strain (-4% ÷ -5%) measured by GPA in the HRTEM images induces a local orthorhombic to monoclinic phase transition by a cooperative rotation of the RuO6 octahedra. A further confirmation of the origin of the forbidden diffraction spots comes from the simulated diffraction patterns obtained from a monoclinic disordered SrRuO3 structure.

Technological studies for obtaining lead oxide compacts used in generation IV nuclear reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paraschiv, I.; Benga, D.

2016-01-01

One of the main concerns of the nuclear research at this moment is the development of the necessary technologies for Generation IV reactors. The main candidate as coolant agent in these reactors is molten lead but this material involves ensuring the oxygen control, due to potential contamination of coolant through the formation of solid oxides and the influence on the corrosion rate of structural parts and for this reason, the oxygen concentration must be kept in a well specified domain. One of the proposed methods for oxygen monitoring and control in the technology of Generation IV reactors, is the use of PbO compacts. For this paper technological tests were performed for developing and setting the optimal parameters in order to attain lead oxide compacts necessary for the oxygen control technology in Generation IV nuclear reactors. (authors)

Resistance switching of the interfacial conductance in amorphous SrTiO3 heterostructures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Dennis; Trier, Felix; Chen, Yunzhong

Complex oxides have attracted a lot of interest recently as this class of material exhibits a plethora of remarkable properties. In particular, a great variety of properties is observed in the heterostructure composed of lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3) and strontium titanate (SrTiO3). For instance...

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION, TEST REPORT OF MOBILE SOURCE EMISSIONS CONTROL DEVICES/CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES FUEL BORNE CATALYST WITH CLEANAIR SYSTEM'S DIESEL OXIDATION CATALYST

Science.gov (United States)

The Environmental Technology Verification report discusses the technology and performance of the Fuel-Borne Catalyst with CleanAir System's Diesel Oxidation Catalyst manufactured by Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. The technology is a fuel-borne catalyst used in ultra low sulfur d...

La0.3Sr0.2Mn0.1Zn0.4 oxide-Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (LSMZ-SDC) nanocomposite cathode for low temperature SOFCs.

Science.gov (United States)

Raza, Rizwan; Abbas, Ghazanfar; Liu, Qinghua; Patel, Imran; Zhu, Bin

2012-06-01

Nanocomposite based cathode materials compatible for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LTSOFCs) are being developed. In pursuit of compatible cathode, this research aims to synthesis and investigation nanocomposite La0.3Sr0.2Mn0.1Zn0.4 oxide-Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (LSMZ-SDC) based system. The material was synthesized through wet chemical method and investigated for oxide-ceria composite based electrolyte LTSOFCs. Electrical property was studied by AC electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The microstructure, thermal properties, and elemental analysis of the samples were characterized by TGA/DSC, XRD, SEM, respectively. The AC conductivity of cathode was obtained for 2.4 Scm(-1) at 550 degrees C in air. This cathode is compatible with ceria-based composite electrolytes and has improved the stability of the material in SOFC cathode environment.

Results of field studies on 90SR and stable SR soil-to-plant transfer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gerzabek, M.H.; Artner, C.; Horak, O.; Mueck, K.

1992-01-01

In 1987 and 1988 at 35 sites plants ready to harvest and the corresponding soils (0 - 20 cm) were collected for 90 Sr and stable strontium analyses. Sample preparation and measurement led to a detection limit of 0.008 Bq 90 Sr kg -1 . The 90 Sr-contamination of Austrian soils ranged from 396 to 1998 Bq m -2 . Known from literature the contribution of the Chernobyl fallout amounted to app. 25 % of the total contamination. Stable strontium contents of the soils were between 6 and 62.5 mg kg -1 . Bariumtriethanolamine extracted 17.7 to 62.3 % of the total stable Sr in soil. 90 Sr-concentrations in cereal grains ranged from 0.03 to 0.67 Bq kg -1 (fresh wight) for maize and barley, respectively. The values for other foodstuff were between 0.15 (white cabbage) and 0.91 Bq kg -1 (spinach). Stable strontium contents were between 0.079 mg kg -1 (maize) and 72.5 mg kg -1 (celery shoot). The following mean 90 Sr soil-to-plant transfer factors for cereal grains were obtained: 0.010 (maize), 0.097 (rye), 0.049 (wheat), 0.095 (barley). Transfer factors for straw were up to 50 times higher (maize). The transfer of 90 Sr into vegetables and potatoes reached the same order of magnitude compared to the cereals. In all cases soil-to-plant transfer of stable Sr was clearly lower up to 60 % of the respective values for 90 Sr. Thus natural stable strontium is less plant available than 90 Sr. The influence of soil parameters on the 90 Sr transfer into plants was examinated by correlation analyses. Increasing exchangeable calcium contents of the soils resulted in a significant reduction of Sr soil-to-barley straw transfer. (authors)

Internal bremsstrahlung from 89Sr and 90Sr

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sayibaba, T.; Narasimha Murity, K.; Rao, C.R.; Satyaprakash; Gubbi, G.K.

1987-01-01

The internal bremsstrahlung (IB) spectra emitted in the beta-decays of 89 Sr and 90 Sr were measured with a HPGe detector and a multichannel analyser along with a standard geometrical set-up. Sufficient care has been taken to avoid spurious effects. After making all the necessary corrections, the experimental results were compared with the corresponding theoretical distributions due to Knipp and Uhlenbeck and Bloch (KUB), Lewis and Ford, Nilsson, and also due to Ford and Martin (detour theory). The total IB yields of intensity and energy from each of the isotopes in the investigated energy regions are also determined and compared with the corresponding theoretical values. The present results of IB from 89 Sr are satisfactorily accounted for by the KUB theory. In the case of 90 Sr the experimental results of IB coincide with the Coulomb-corrected theoretical distibution due to Nilsson in the energy range from 60 keV to 110 keV and Beyond 110 keV, they are found to be in excess over Nilsson's theory as well as the detour theory due to Ford and Martin up to the maximum photon energy studied, namely 350 keV

Plasma oxidation of the high T/sub c/ superconducting perovskites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bagley, B.G.; Greene, L.H.; Tarascon, J.; Hull, G.W.

1987-01-01

A near room-temperature plasma oxidation process is shown to restore superconductivity and metalliclike behavior in oxygen deficient La/sub 2-//sub x/ Sr/sub x/ CuO/sub 4-//sub y/ and YBa 2 Cu 3 O/sub 7-//sub x/ compounds. In the YBa 2 Cu 3 O/sub 7-//sub x/ compound the conversion from an oxygen deficient n-type tetragonal to the p-type orthorhombic phase with a concomitant factor of 5 x 10 5 increase in room-temperature conductivity is also accomplished. This process is of technological importance because oxygen can be restored in these materials at temperatures compatible with device processing. Of scientific interest, the process allows us to carefully control the oxidation state and thereby systematically study the 90 and 55 K superconducting transitions in YBa 2 Cu 3 O/sub 7-//sub x/

Magnetic heat transport in Sr{sub 2}IrO{sub 4}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Steckel, Frank [Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden (Germany); Takagi, Hidenori [Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart (Germany); Buechner, Bernd; Hess, Christian [Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden (Germany); Center for Transport and Devices, TU Dresden (Germany)

2015-07-01

The layered perovskite Sr{sub 2}IrO{sub 4} is a 5d transition metal oxide with an enhanced spin-orbit coupling leading to a Mott insulating ground state with J{sub eff}=(1)/(2). It exhibits canted antiferromagnetism below T{sub N}=240 K with an antiferromagnetic coupling constant of about J=0.1 eV. Thermal conductivity measurements along the ab plane of a Sr{sub 2}IrO{sub 4} single crystal provide evidence for a contribution of magnons (below T{sub N}) to the thermal conductivity, similar to that of the isostructural 2D S=(1)/(2) Heisenberg antiferromagnet La{sub 2}CuO{sub 4}, where a significant magnonic contribution to the heat transport is known.

Effect of Sr/Ti Ratio on the Photocatalytic Properties of SrTiO3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sulaeman, U; Yin, S; Sato, T

2011-01-01

Since strontium titanate is a wide gap semiconductor, it requires UV light to generate the photocatalytic activities. Modification of strontium titanate to show photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation is the essential work to efficiently utilize the sun light energy for environmental application. It is expected that the synthesis of SrTiO 3 with variation of Sr/Ti atomic ratio could induce the defect crystals having unique photocatalytic properties. The SrTiO 3 with various Sr/Ti atomic ratios were synthesized by microwave-assisted solvothermal reaction of SrCl 2 .6H 2 O and Ti(OC 3 H 7 ) 4 in KOH aqueous solutions with different atomic ratios of Sr/Ti. The products were characterized by TG-DTA, XRD and DRS. The photocatalytic activity was determined by DeNO x ability using LED lamps with the wavelengths of 627 nm (red), 530 nm (green), 445 nm (blue) and 390 nm (UV). The nanoparticles of perovskite type SrTiO 3 with the particle size of 30-40 nm were successfully synthesized. The visible light responsive photocatalytic activity was generated by adding excess amount of Sr. The photocatalytic activity in visible light could be enhanced by an increase in the Sr/Ti atomic ratio up to 1.25, indicating that the visible light responsive photocatalytic activity is due to the generation of new band gap between the conduction band and valence band of SrTiO 3 by the formation of oxygen vacancy.

Cobalt-free perovskite Pr{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 1−x}Cu{sub x}O{sub 3−δ} (PSFC) as a cathode material for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moura, Caroline G., E-mail: caroline.materiais@gmail.com [Materials Science and Engineering Postgraduate Program, UFRN, 59078-970, Natal (Brazil); Grilo, João Paulo de F. [Materials Science and Engineering Postgraduate Program, UFRN, 59078-970, Natal (Brazil); Macedo, Daniel A., E-mail: damaced@gmail.com [Materials Science and Engineering Postgraduate Program, UFPB, 58051-900, João Pessoa (Brazil); Cesário, Moisés R.; Fagg, Duncan Paul [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro (Portugal); Nascimento, Rubens M. [Materials Science and Engineering Postgraduate Program, UFRN, 59078-970, Natal (Brazil)

2016-09-01

PSFC (Pr{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 1−x}Cu{sub x}O{sub 3−δ}) is a new perovskite-type oxide that has gained considerable attention as cathode material for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs), due to its high mixed ionic-electronic conductivity below 800 °C. In this work, PSFC (Pr{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 1−x}Cu{sub x}O{sub 3−δ}, x = 0.2 and 0.4) powders were synthesized by the citrate method and structurally characterized by X-ray diffractometry. Screen-printed cathodes were sintered at 1050 °C and electrochemically characterized by impedance spectroscopy at 600–800 °C in pure oxygen. The area specific resistances (ASR) of the Pr{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 0.8}Cu{sub 0.2}O{sub 3−δ} material are shown to be competitive with typical values reported for cobalt-based cathodes in the measured temperature range, while, importantly, offering a significantly lower activation energy, 0.62 eV. The thermal expansion coefficients of these Co-free cathodes are in the range of 13–15 × 10{sup −6} °C{sup −1}, in a temperature range 200–650 °C, demonstrating a good thermal compatibility with gadolinia doped ceria (CGO) electrolytes. - Highlights: • Cobalt-free Pr{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 1−x}Cu{sub x}O{sub 3−δ} (PSFC) cathodes successfully prepared by the citrate method. • PSFC cathodes are thermally compatible with CGO electrolytes. • Pr{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 0.8}Cu{sub 0.2}O{sub 3−δ} presents competitive area specific resistances of low activation energy, 0.62 eV.

Long-term profiling of mineral dust and pollution aerosol with multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar at the Central Asian site of Dushanbe, Tajikistan: case studies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. Hofer

2017-12-01

Full Text Available For the first time, continuous vertically resolved aerosol measurements were performed by lidar in Tajikistan, Central Asia. Observations with the multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar PollyXT were conducted during CADEX (Central Asian Dust EXperiment in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, from March 2015 to August 2016. Co-located with the lidar, a sun photometer was also operated. The goal of CADEX is to provide an unprecedented data set on vertically resolved aerosol optical properties in Central Asia, an area highly affected by climate change but largely missing vertically resolved aerosol measurements. During the 18-month measurement campaign, mineral dust was detected frequently from ground to the cirrus level height. In this study, an overview of the measurement period is given and four typical but different example measurement cases are discussed in detail. Three of them are dust cases and one is a contrasting pollution aerosol case. Vertical profiles of the measured optical properties and the calculated dust and non-dust mass concentrations are presented. Dust source regions were identified by means of backward trajectory analyses. A lofted layer of Middle Eastern dust with an aerosol optical thickness (AOT of 0.4 and an extinction-related Ångström exponent of 0.41 was measured. In comparison, two near-ground dust cases have Central Asian sources. One is an extreme dust event with an AOT of 1.5 and Ångström exponent of 0.12 and the other one is a most extreme dust event with an AOT of above 4 (measured by sun photometer and an Ångström exponent of −0.08. The observed lidar ratios (and particle linear depolarization ratios in the presented dust cases range from 40.3 to 46.9 sr (and 0.18–0.29 at 355 nm and from 35.7 to 42.9 sr (0.31–0.35 at 532 nm wavelength. The particle linear depolarization ratios indicate almost unpolluted dust in the case of a lofted dust layer and pure dust in the near-ground dust cases. The lidar ratio

Vacancy induced metallicity at the CaHfO3/SrTiO3 interface

KAUST Repository

Nazir, Safdar

2011-03-31

Density functional theory is used to study the electronic properties of the oxide heterointerfaceCaHfO3/SrTiO3. Structural relaxation is carried out with and without O vacancies. As compared to related interfaces, strongly reduced octahedral distortions are found. Stoichiometric interfaces between the wide band gap insulatorsCaHfO3 and SrTiO3 turn out to exhibit an insulating state. However, interface metallicity is introduced by O vacancies, in agreement with experiment. The reduced octahedral distortions and necessity of O deficiency indicate a less complicated mechanism for the creation of the interfacial electron gas.

Vacancy induced metallicity at the CaHfO3/SrTiO3 interface

KAUST Repository

Nazir, Safdar; Pulikkotil, J. J.; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo; Singh, Nirpendra

2011-01-01

Density functional theory is used to study the electronic properties of the oxide heterointerfaceCaHfO3/SrTiO3. Structural relaxation is carried out with and without O vacancies. As compared to related interfaces, strongly reduced octahedral distortions are found. Stoichiometric interfaces between the wide band gap insulatorsCaHfO3 and SrTiO3 turn out to exhibit an insulating state. However, interface metallicity is introduced by O vacancies, in agreement with experiment. The reduced octahedral distortions and necessity of O deficiency indicate a less complicated mechanism for the creation of the interfacial electron gas.

Electrical characteristics of SrTiO{sub 3}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} laminated film capacitors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Peng, Yong; Yao, Manwen, E-mail: yaomw@tongji.edu.cn; Chen, Jianwen; Xu, Kaien; Yao, Xi [Functional Materials Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092 (China)

2016-07-07

The electrical characteristics of SrTiO{sub 3}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} (160 nm up/90 nm down) laminated film capacitors using the sol-gel process have been investigated. SrTiO{sub 3} is a promising and extensively studied high-K dielectric material, but its leakage current property is poor. SrTiO{sub 3}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} laminated films can effectively suppress the demerits of pure SrTiO{sub 3} films under low electric field, but the leakage current value reaches to 0.1 A/cm{sup 2} at higher electric field (>160 MV/m). In this study, a new approach was applied to reduce the leakage current and improve the dielectric strength of SrTiO{sub 3}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} laminated films. Compared to laminated films with Au top electrodes, dielectric strength of laminated films with Al top electrodes improves from 205 MV/m to 322 MV/m, simultaneously the leakage current maintains the same order of magnitude (10{sup −4} A/cm{sup 2}) until the breakdown occurs. The above electrical characteristics are attributed to the anodic oxidation reaction in origin, which can repair the defects of laminated films at higher electric field. The anodic oxidation reactions have been confirmed by the corresponding XPS measurement and the cross sectional HRTEM analysis. This work provides a new approach to fabricate dielectrics with high dielectric strength and low leakage current.

Oxidation of winery wastewater by sulphate radicals: catalytic and solar photocatalytic activations.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodríguez-Chueca, Jorge; Amor, Carlos; Mota, Joana; Lucas, Marco S; Peres, José A

2017-10-01

The treatment of winery effluents through sulphate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) driven by solar radiation is reported in this study. Photolytic and catalytic activations of peroxymonosulphate (PMS) and persulphate (KPS and SPS) at different pH values (4.5 and 7) were studied in the degradation of organic matter. Portugal is one of the largest wine producers in Europe. The wine making activities generate huge volume of effluents characterized by a variable volume and organic load, being their seasonal nature one of the most important drawbacks. Recently, SR-AOPs are gradually attracting attention as in situ chemical oxidation technologies, instead of hydroxyl radical AOPs (HR-AOPs). The studied concentrations are suitable to obtain notable values of organic matter degradation, with TOC removal around 50%. In general terms, no notable differences were observed between treatments at pH values 4.5 and 7. Photolytic activation of SPS with solar radiation treatments obtained the highest efficiency (28 and 40% of TOC removal with 1 and 50 mM, respectively, at pH 4.5) in comparison to KPS and PMS. The addition of a transition metal as catalyst, such as Fe(II) or Co(II), increased considerably the TOC removal efficiency higher than 50%, but not in all cases. For instance, the combination KPS or PMS with Co(II) at pH 4.5 did not allow to obtain better results than photolytic activation of these persulphate salts. In summary, the use of SR-AOPs could be a serious alternative as tertiary treatment for winery wastewaters.

Regional and interspecific variation in Sr, Ca, and Sr/Ca ratios in avian eggshells from the USA.

Science.gov (United States)

Mora, Miguel A; Brattin, Bryan; Baxter, Catherine; Rivers, James W

2011-08-01

To examine regional variation in strontium (Sr), which at high concentrations may reduce eggshell quality, increase egg breakage and reproductive failure, we analyzed Sr, and calcium (Ca) concentrations and Sr/Ca ratios in eggshells from 20 avian species from California, Texas, Idaho, Kansas, and Michigan. In addition, we included data previously reported from Arizona to expand the regional comparisons and to better establish patterns of Sr, and Sr/Ca ratios in bird species across the United States. We found Sr concentrations varied significantly among regions, among species, and among foraging guilds; this variability is strongly influenced by the Sr/Ca ratios in surface water from locations close to the region where the eggshells were collected. Sr concentrations and Sr/Ca ratios were significantly higher in bird eggshells from the Volta wildlife region in the San Joaquin Valley, California and in various locales from Arizona. Sr concentrations and Sr/Ca ratios in bird eggshells from other locations in the USA were lower than those detected in these two regions. Among foraging guilds, invertivores had the highest Sr concentrations and Sr/Ca ratios and carnivores had the lowest. In general, the Sr/Ca ratio increased strongly with increasing Sr concentrations (R(2) = 0.99, P eggshells suggesting that these values could be determined from Sr/Ca ratios in water. Eggshell thickness was poorly correlated with Sr (R(2) = 0.03) but had a significant and positive correlation with Ca and was more properly correlated by a quadratic equation (R(2) = 0.50, Thickness = 2.13 - 0.02Ca - 3.07 * 10(-5)Ca(2)). Our study provides further evidence that Sr accumulates significantly in the avian eggshell, in some regions at concentrations which could be of concern for potential negative effects on reproduction. We suggest that when assessing the effects of metals on avian reproduction in regions with high Sr deposits in rock and soil, Sr concentrations in the eggshell also should be

Enhanced thermoelectric figure-of-merit in thermally robust, nanostructured superlattices based on SrTiO3

KAUST Repository

Abutaha, Anas I.

2015-03-24

Thermoelectric (TE) metal oxides overcome crucial disadvantages of traditional heavy-metal-alloy-based TE materials, such as toxicity, scarcity, and instability at high temperatures. Here, we report the TE properties of metal oxide superlattices, composed from alternating layers of 5% Pr3+-doped SrTiO3-δ (SPTO) and 20% Nb5+-doped SrTiO3-δ (STNO) fabricated using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Excellent stability is established for these superlattices by maintaining the crystal structure and reproducing the TE properties after long-time (20 h) annealing at high temperature (∼1000 K). The introduction of oxygen vacancies as well as extrinsic dopants (Pr3+ and Nb5+), with different masses and ionic radii, at different lattice sites in SPTO and STNO layers, respectively, results in a substantial reduction of thermal conductivity via scattering a wider range of phonon spectrum without limiting the electrical transport and thermopower, leading to an enhancement in the figure-of-merit (ZT). The superlattice composed of 20 SPTO/STNO pairs, 8 unit cells of each layer, exhibits a ZT value of 0.46 at 1000 K, which is the highest among SrTiO3-based thermoelectrics. © 2015 American Chemical Society.

Enhanced thermoelectric figure-of-merit in thermally robust, nanostructured superlattices based on SrTiO3

KAUST Repository

Abutaha, Anas I.; Sarath Kumar, S. R.; Li, Kun; Dehkordi, Arash Mehdizadeh; Tritt, Terry M.; Alshareef, Husam N.

2015-01-01

Thermoelectric (TE) metal oxides overcome crucial disadvantages of traditional heavy-metal-alloy-based TE materials, such as toxicity, scarcity, and instability at high temperatures. Here, we report the TE properties of metal oxide superlattices, composed from alternating layers of 5% Pr3+-doped SrTiO3-δ (SPTO) and 20% Nb5+-doped SrTiO3-δ (STNO) fabricated using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Excellent stability is established for these superlattices by maintaining the crystal structure and reproducing the TE properties after long-time (20 h) annealing at high temperature (∼1000 K). The introduction of oxygen vacancies as well as extrinsic dopants (Pr3+ and Nb5+), with different masses and ionic radii, at different lattice sites in SPTO and STNO layers, respectively, results in a substantial reduction of thermal conductivity via scattering a wider range of phonon spectrum without limiting the electrical transport and thermopower, leading to an enhancement in the figure-of-merit (ZT). The superlattice composed of 20 SPTO/STNO pairs, 8 unit cells of each layer, exhibits a ZT value of 0.46 at 1000 K, which is the highest among SrTiO3-based thermoelectrics. © 2015 American Chemical Society.

Ruthenium(V) oxides from low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hiley, Craig I.; Walton, Richard I. [Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry (United Kingdom); Lees, Martin R. [Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry (United Kingdom); Fisher, Janet M.; Thompsett, David [Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Reading (United Kingdom); Agrestini, Stefano [Max-Planck Institut, CPfS, Dresden (Germany); Smith, Ronald I. [ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot (United Kingdom)

2014-04-22

Low-temperature (200 C) hydrothermal synthesis of the ruthenium oxides Ca{sub 1.5}Ru{sub 2}O{sub 7}, SrRu{sub 2}O{sub 6}, and Ba{sub 2}Ru{sub 3}O{sub 9}(OH) is reported. Ca{sub 1.5}Ru{sub 2}O{sub 7} is a defective pyrochlore containing Ru{sup V/VI}; SrRu{sub 2}O{sub 6} is a layered Ru{sup V} oxide with a PbSb{sub 2}O{sub 6} structure, whilst Ba{sub 2}Ru{sub 3}O{sub 9}(OH) has a previously unreported structure type with orthorhombic symmetry solved from synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction. SrRu{sub 2}O{sub 6} exhibits unusually high-temperature magnetic order, with antiferromagnetism persisting to at least 500 K, and refinement using room temperature neutron powder diffraction data provides the magnetic structure. All three ruthenates are metastable and readily collapse to mixtures of other oxides upon heating in air at temperatures around 300-500 C, suggesting they would be difficult, if not impossible, to isolate under conventional high-temperature solid-state synthesis conditions. (copyright 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Fabrication technology of CNT-Nickel Oxide based planar pseudocapacitor for MEMS and NEMS

Science.gov (United States)

Lebedev, E. A.; Kitsyuk, E. P.; Gavrilin, I. M.; Gromov, D. G.; Gruzdev, N. E.; Gavrilov, S. A.; Dronov, A. A.; Pavlov, A. A.

2015-11-01

Fabrication technology of planar pseudocapacitor (PsC) based on carbon nanotube (CNT) forest, synthesized using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method, covered with thin nickel oxide layer deposited by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method, is demonstrated. Dependences of deposited oxide layers thickness on device specific capacities is studied. It is shown that pseudocapacity of nickel oxide thin layer increases specific capacity of the CNT's based device up to 2.5 times.

Thermoluminescent dosimetry of beta radiations of 90 Sr/ 90 Y using amorphous ZrO2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rivera M, T.; Olvera T, L.; Azorin N, J.; Barrera R, M.; Soto E, A.M.

2005-01-01

In this work the results of studying the thermoluminescent properties (Tl) of the zirconium oxide in its amorphous state (ZrO 2 -a) before beta radiations of 90 Sr/ 90 Y are presented. The amorphous powders of the zirconium oxide were synthesized by means of the sol-gel technique. The sol-gel process using alkoxides like precursors, is an efficient method to prepare a matrix of zirconium oxide by hydrolysis - condensation of the precursor to form chains of Zr-H 3 and Zr-O 2 . One of the advantages of this technique is the obtention of gels at low temperatures with very high purity and homogeneity. The powders were characterized by means of thermal analysis and by X-ray diffraction. The powders of ZrO 2 -a, previously irradiated with beta particles of 90 Sr/ 90 Y, presented a thermoluminescent curve with two peaks at 150 and 257 C. The dissipation of the information of the one ZrO 2 -a was of 40% the first 2 hours remaining constant the information for the following 30 days. The reproducibility of the information was of ± 2.5% in standard deviation. The studied characteristics allow to propose to the amorphous zirconium oxide as thermoluminescent dosemeter for the detection of beta radiation. (Author)

Aspects of 'low field' magnetotransport in epitaxial thin films of the ferromagnetic metallic oxide SrRuO3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moran, O.; Saldarriaga, W.; Baca, E.

2007-01-01

Epitaxial thin films of the conductive ferromagnetic oxide SrRuO 3 were grown on an (001) SrTiO 3 (STO) substrate by using DC sputtering technique. The magnetic and magnetoresistive properties of the films were measured by applying the magnetic field both perpendicular (out-of-plane) and parallel (in-plane) to the film plane and ever maintaining the direction of the applied field perpendicular to that of the transport current. The films grown on an (001) STO substrate showed identical magnetization properties in two orthogonal crystallographic directions of the substrate, [100] S and [001] S (in-plane and out-of-plane geometry), which suggests the presence of a multi domain structure within the plane of the film. For such samples, no anisotropic field (hard axis) along de [001]s direction, i.e., perpendicular to the film-plane could be detected. Nevertheless, a distinguishable temperature dependent out-of-plane anisotropic magnetoresistance (MR) along with strong temperature dependent low field hysteretic MR(H) behavior was detected for the studied films. A negative MR ratio MR(T)=[ρ(μ 0 H=9T; T)-ρ( μ 0 H=0T; T)]/ρ( μ 0 H=0T; T) on the order of a few percent, with maximums of ∼6% and ∼4% (right at the Curie temperature, T C ∼160K) was calculated for an in-plane and out-of plane measuring geometry, respectively. In addition there is an equally strong MR effect at low temperatures, which might be related to the temperature dependence of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy together with a magnetization rotation. Both the MR(T) behavior and the achieved values (except for T 3 films grown on 2 o miscut (001) STO substrates with the current parallel to the field and parallel to the [1-bar11] direction, which was identified as the easier axis for magnetization

Evaluation of the adaptation of zirconia-based fixed partial dentures using micro-CT technology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcia Borba

2013-09-01

Full Text Available The objective of the study was to measure the marginal and internal fit of zirconia-based all-ceramic three-unit fixed partial dentures (FPDs (Y-TZP - LAVA, 3M-ESPE, using a novel methodology based on micro-computed tomography (micro-CT technology. Stainless steel models of prepared abutments were fabricated to design FPDs. Ten frameworks were produced with 9 mm2 connector cross-sections using a LAVATM CAD-CAM system. All FPDs were veneered with a compatible porcelain. Each FPD was seated on the original model and scanned using micro-CT. Files were processed using NRecon and CTAn software. Adobe Photoshop and Image J software were used to analyze the cross-sectional images. Five measuring points were selected, as follows: MG - marginal gap; CA - chamfer area; AW - axial wall; AOT - axio-occlusal transition area; OA - occlusal area. Results were statistically analyzed by Kruskall-Wallis and Tukey's post hoc test (α= 0.05. There were significant differences for the gap width between the measurement points evaluated. MG showed the smallest median gap width (42 µm. OA had the highest median gap dimension (125 µm, followed by the AOT point (105 µm. CA and AW gap width values were statistically similar, 66 and 65 µm respectively. Thus, it was possible to conclude that different levels of adaptation were observed within the FPD, at the different measuring points. In addition, the micro-CT technology seems to be a reliable tool to evaluate the fit of dental restorations.

Oriented growth of Sr n+1Ti n O3n+1 Ruddlesden-Popper phases in chemical solution deposited thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gutmann, Emanuel; Levin, Alexandr A.; Reibold, Marianne; Mueller, Jan; Paufler, Peter; Meyer, Dirk C.

2006-01-01

Oriented thin films of perovskite-related Sr n +1 Ti n O 3 n +1 Ruddlesden-Popper phases (n=1, 2, 3) were grown on (001) single-crystalline SrTiO 3 substrates. Preparation of the films was carried out by wet chemical deposition from metalorganic Sr-Ti solutions (rich in Sr) and subsequent conversion into the crystalline state by thermal treatment in air atmosphere at a maximum temperature of 700 deg. C. Solutions were prepared by a modified Pechini method. The films were investigated by wide-angle X-ray scattering and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The phase content of powders prepared from the dried solutions and annealed under similar conditions differed from that present in the films, i.e. only polycrystalline SrTiO 3 was detected together with oxides of Ti and Sr. - Graphical abstract: Cross-sectional image of an oriented chemical solution deposited thin film obtained by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Periodical spacings corresponding to SrTiO 3 substrate (right) and Sr 2 TiO 4 Ruddlesden-Popper phase (n=1) film region (left) are marked

Protection against SR 4233 (tirapazamine) aerobic cytotoxicity by the metal chelators desferrioxamine and tiron

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Herscher, L.L.; Krishna, M.C.; Cook, J.A.

1994-01-01

Metal chelating agents and antioxidants were evaluated as potential protectors against aerobic SR 4233 cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster V79 cells. The differential protection of aerobic and hypoxic cells by two metal chelators, desferrrioxamine and Tiron, is discussed in the context of their potential use in the on-going clinical trials with SR 4233. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using clonogenic assay. SR 4233 exposure was done in glass flasks as a function of time either alone or in the presence of the following agents: superoxide dismutase, catalase, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline, Trolox, ICRF-187, desferrioxamine, Tiron (1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonate), and ascorbic acid. Experiments done under hypoxic conditions were carried out in specially designed glass flasks that were gassed with humidified nitrogen/carbon dioxide mixture and with a side-arm reservoir from which SR 4233 was added to cell media after hypoxia was obtained. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies were also performed. Electron paramagnetic resonance and spectrophotometry experiments suggest that under aerobic conditions SR 4233 undergoes futile redox cycling to produce superoxide. Treatment of cells during aerobic exposure to SR 4233 with the enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, the spin trapping agent DMPO, the water-soluble vitamin E analog Trolox, and the metal chelator ICRF-187 provided little or no protection against aerobic SR 4233 cytotoxicity. However, two other metal chelators, desferrioxamine and Tiron afforded significant protection against minimal protection to hypoxic cells treated with SR 4233. One potential mechanism of aerobic cytotoxicity is redox cycling of SR 4233 with molecular oxygen resulting in several potentially toxic oxidative species that overburden the intrinsic intracellular detoxification systems such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. 23 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab

Topotactic Metal-Insulator Transition in Epitaxial SrFeOx Thin Films.

Science.gov (United States)

Khare, Amit; Shin, Dongwon; Yoo, Tae Sup; Kim, Minu; Kang, Tae Dong; Lee, Jaekwang; Roh, Seulki; Jung, In-Ho; Hwang, Jungseek; Kim, Sung Wng; Noh, Tae Won; Ohta, Hiromichi; Choi, Woo Seok

2017-10-01

Topotactic phase transformation enables structural transition without losing the crystalline symmetry of the parental phase and provides an effective platform for elucidating the redox reaction and oxygen diffusion within transition metal oxides. In addition, it enables tuning of the emergent physical properties of complex oxides, through strong interaction between the lattice and electronic degrees of freedom. In this communication, the electronic structure evolution of SrFeO x epitaxial thin films is identified in real-time, during the progress of reversible topotactic phase transformation. Using real-time optical spectroscopy, the phase transition between the two structurally distinct phases (i.e., brownmillerite and perovskite) is quantitatively monitored, and a pressure-temperature phase diagram of the topotactic transformation is constructed for the first time. The transformation at relatively low temperatures is attributed to a markedly small difference in Gibbs free energy compared to the known similar class of materials to date. This study highlights the phase stability and reversibility of SrFeO x thin films, which is highly relevant for energy and environmental applications exploiting the redox reactions. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Facile Synthesis of SrCO3-Sr(OH2/PPy Nanocomposite with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity under Visible Light

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alfredo Márquez-Herrera

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Pyrrole monomer was chemically polymerized onto SrCO3-Sr(OH2 powders to obtain SrCO3-Sr(OH2/polypyrrole nanocomposite to be used as a candidate for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye (MB. The material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD. It was observed from transmission electronic microscopy (TEM analysis that the reported synthesis route allows the production of SrCO3-Sr(OH2 nanoparticles with particle size below 100 nm which were embedded within a semiconducting polypyrrole matrix (PPy. The SrCO3-Sr(OH2 and SrCO3-Sr(OH2/PPy nanocomposites were tested in the photodegradation of MB dye under visible light irradiation. Also, the effects of MB dye initial concentration and the catalyst load on photodegradation efficiency were studied and discussed. Under the same conditions, the efficiency of photodegradation of MB employing the SrCO3-Sr(OH2/PPy nanocomposite increases as compared with that obtained employing the SrCO3-Sr(OH2 nanocomposite.

Oxide ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ryshkewitch, E.; Richerson, D.W.

1985-01-01

The book explores single-phase ceramic oxide systems from the standpoint of physical chemistry and technology. This second edition also focuses on advances in technology since publication of the original edition. These include improvements in raw materials and forming and sintering techniques, and the major role that oxide ceramics have had in development of advanced products and processes. The text is divided into five major sections: general fundamentals of oxide ceramics, advances in aluminum oxide technology, advances in zirconia technology, and advances in beryllium oxide technology

TASK TECHNICAL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN FOR OUT-OF-TANK DESTRUCTION OF TETRAPHENYLBORATE VIA WET AIR OXIDATION TECHNOLOGY: PHASE I - BENCH SCALE TESTS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adu-Wusu, K

2006-01-01

Tank 48H return to service is critical to the processing of high level waste (HLW) at Savannah River Site (SRS). Liquid Waste Disposition (LWD) management has the goal of returning Tank 48H to routine service by January 2010 or as soon as practical. Tank 48H currently holds legacy material containing organic tetraphenylborate (TPB) compounds from the operation of the In-Tank Precipitation process. This material is not compatible with the waste treatment facilities at SRS and must be removed or undergo treatment to destroy the organic compounds before the tank can be returned to Tank Farm service. Tank 48H currently contains ∼240,000 gallons of alkaline slurry with about 2 wt % potassium and cesium tetraphenylborate (KTPB and CsTPB). The main radioactive component in Tank 48H is 137 Cs. The waste also contains ∼0.15 wt % Monosodium Titanate (MST) which has adsorbed 90 Sr, U, and Pu isotopes. A System Engineering Evaluation of technologies/ideas for the treatment of TPB identified Wet Air Oxidation (WAO) as a leading alternative technology to the baseline aggregation approach. Over 75 technologies/ideas were evaluated overall. Forty-one technologies/ideas passed the initial screening evaluation. The 41 technologies/ideas were then combined to 16 complete solutions for the disposition of TPB and evaluated in detail. Wet Air Oxidation (WAO) is an aqueous phase process in which soluble or suspended waste components are oxidized using molecular oxygen contained in air. The process operates at elevated temperatures and pressures ranging from 150 to 320 C and 7 to 210 atmospheres, respectively. The products of the reaction are CO 2 , H 2 O, and low molecular weight oxygenated organics (e.g. acetate, oxalate). The basic flow scheme for a typical WAO system is as follows. The waste solution or slurry is pumped through a high-pressure feed pump. An air stream containing sufficient oxygen to meet the oxygen requirements of the waste stream is injected into the pressurized

A study of the formation processes of the 2212 phase in the Bi-based superconductor systems. [BiSrCaCuO

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wai, Lo; Glowacki, B A [Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Superconductivity, Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom)

1992-04-15

A study towards the identification of the reactions contributing to and accompanying the formation of the 2212 phase from oxides and carbonates by solid state reaction processes was conducted. The formation processes were investigated by thermal analysis, powder X-ray diffractometry and AC magnetic susceptometry. The 2212 phase was found to form from reactions between the 2201 phases (the non-superconducting pseudo-tetragonal and the superconducting monoclinic phases), Bi{sub 6}Ca{sub 7}O{sub 16}, CuO and SrCO{sub 3}. The 2201 phases were produced by the reactions of Bi-Sr-Cu-O or Bi-Sr-O compounds with SrCO{sub 3} or CuO. The 2201 phases could also be formed through the direct reaction between Bi{sub 2}CuO{sub 4} and SrCO{sub 3}. (orig.).

Biotechnological aspects of anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to sulfate reduction

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meulepas, R.J.W.

2009-01-01

Sulfate reduction (SR) can be used for the removal and recovery of metals and oxidized sulfur compounds from waste streams. Sulfate-reducing bacteria reduce oxidized sulfur compounds to sulfide. Subsequently, sulfide can precipitate dissolved metals or can be oxidized to elemental sulfur. Both metal

Rh promoted La{sub 0.75}Sr{sub 0.25}(Fe{sub 0.8}Co{sub 0.2}){sub 1−x}Ga{sub x}O{sub 3-δ} perovskite catalysts: Characterization and catalytic performance for methane partial oxidation to synthesis gas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Palcheva, R., E-mail: radost@ic.bas.bg [InGAP Centre for Research-based Innovation, SMN, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, Blindern, Oslo 0315 Norway (Norway); Olsbye, U.; Palcut, M. [InGAP Centre for Research-based Innovation, SMN, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, Blindern, Oslo 0315 Norway (Norway); Rauwel, P. [Department of Physics, SMN, University of Oslo, PO Box B 1048 Blindern, Oslo 0316 (Norway); Tyuliev, G.; Velinov, N. [Institute of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, G. Bonchev Str., Bldg. 11, Sofia 1113 (Bulgaria); Fjellvåg, H.H. [InGAP Centre for Research-based Innovation, SMN, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, Blindern, Oslo 0315 Norway (Norway)

2015-12-01

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Perovskites type-oxide La{sub 0.75}Sr{sub 0.25}(Fe{sub 0.8}Co{sub 0.2}){sub 1−x}Ga{sub x}O{sub 3-δ} (x = 0.1, 0.25, 0.4) prepared by the sol–gel citrate method. • Bulk and surface analysis to determine catalysts composition evolution. • Anaerobic catalytic partial oxidation of methane to syngas at 600 °C in a pulse apparatus over Rh promoted perovskites. • The catalysts showed high stability and selectivity. - Abstract: Synthesis gas production via selective oxidation of methane at 600 °C in a pulse reaction over La{sub 0.75}Sr{sub 0.25}(Fe{sub 0.8}Co{sub 0.2}){sub 1−x}Ga{sub x}O{sub 3-δ} (x = 0.1, 0.25, 0.4) perovskite-supported rhodium catalysts, was investigated. The perovskite oxides were prepared by sol–gel citrate method and characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Moessbauer Spectroscopy (MS), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR-H{sub 2}), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). According to XRD analysis, the synthesized samples were a single perovskite phase. The perovskite structure of Ga substituted samples remained stable after TPR-H{sub 2}, as confirmed by XRD. Data of MS identified Fe{sup 3+} ions in two distinctive coordination environments, and Fe{sup 4+} ions. The Rh{sub 2}O{sub 3} thin overlayer was detected by the HRTEM for the Rh impregnated perovskite oxides. During the interaction of methane with oxidized perovskite-supported Rh (0.5 wt.%) catalysts, besides CO, H{sub 2}, and surface carbon, CO{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O were formed. The Rh perovskite catalyst with x = 0.25 gallium exhibits the highest catalytic activity of 83% at 600 °C. The CO selectivity was affected by the reducibility of La{sub 0.75}Sr{sub 0.25}(Fe{sub 0.8}Co{sub 0.2}){sub 1−x}Ga{sub x}O{sub 3-δ} perovskite materials.

Stability and Performance of Oxygen Electrodes for Reversible Solid Oxide Cells

Science.gov (United States)

Railsback, Justin Gary

Worldwide, governments are beginning to take action to reduce anthropogenic CO2 emissions in order to mitigate the extent of global climate change. The largest fraction of global CO2 emission comes from electrical power generation, which is rapidly being converted to wind and solar installations. The intermittent nature of renewable resources requires that large scale energy storage be implemented to ensure grid stability. Pumped hydro storage is currently the only technology available for large scale energy storage; however, pumped hydro remains geographically confined and susceptible to seasonal fluctuations and offers limited discharge hours. Recent system level models predict that reversible solid oxide cells may be a competitive solution, but two key advancements are required to realize the technology: low cell resistance (cell resistance, and when a cell is operated in electrolysis the oxygen electrode is known to degrade quickly. This work focuses on both aspects of the oxygen electrode. A Pr2NiO4 based electrode is developed that has improved phase stability and good polarization resistance ( 0.1 O•cm2 at 650 °C). The electrode is prepared by wet chemical impregnation (infiltration) of Pr2NiO4 precursors into a La0.9Sr 0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3 scaffold. Electrochemical data for a number cells is presented and the number of infiltrations is optimized. Preliminary life tests and x-ray data are presented. Pressurization of the oxygen electrode is predicted to decrease its polarization resistance and pressurization of the reversible solid oxide cell system is desirable to achieve high round-trip efficiency. The electrochemical performance of mixed electronic-ionic conducting electrodes has not been reported above 1 atm. Four candidate electrodes are examined under pressurization up to 10 atm: Pr2NiO4 infiltrated La0.9Sr0.1 Ga0.8Mg0.2O3, Sm0.5Sr 0.5CoO3 infiltrated Ce0.9Gd0.1O 2, single phase La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe 0.8O3, and single phase Nd2NiO4. The role of the ion

Coral Sr-U Thermometry

Science.gov (United States)

DeCarlo, T. M.; Gaetani, G. A.; Cohen, A. L.; Foster, G. L.; Alpert, A.; Stewart, J.

2016-12-01

Coral skeletons archive the past two millennia of climate variability in the oceans with unrivaled temporal resolution. However, extracting accurate temperature information from coral skeletons is confounded by "vital effects", which often override the temperature dependence of geochemical proxies. Here, we present a new approach to coral paleothermometry based on results of abiogenic precipitation experiments interpreted within a framework provided by a quantitative model of the coral biomineralization process. We conducted laboratory experiments to test the temperature and carbonate chemistry controls on abiogenic partitioning of Sr/Ca and U/Ca between aragonite and seawater, and we modeled the sensitivity of skeletal composition to processes occurring at the site of calcification. The model predicts that temperature can be accurately reconstructed from coral skeleton by combining Sr/Ca and U/Ca ratios into a new proxy, Sr-U. We tested the model predictions with measured Sr/Ca and U/Ca ratios of fourteen Porites sp. corals collected from the tropical Pacific Ocean and the Red Sea, with a subset also analyzed using the boron isotope (δ11B) pH proxy. Observed relationships among Sr/Ca, U/Ca, and δ11B agree with model predictions, indicating that the model accounts for the key features of the coral biomineralization process. We calibrated Sr-U to instrumental temperature records and found that it captures 93% of mean annual variability (26-30 °C) and predicts temperature within 0.5 °C (1 σ). Conversely, Sr/Ca alone has an error of prediction of 1 °C and often diverges from observed temperature by 3 °C or more. Many of the problems afflicting Sr/Ca - including offsets among neighboring corals and decouplings from temperature during coral stress events - are reconciled by Sr-U. By accounting for the influence of the coral biomineralization process, the Sr-U thermometer may offer significantly improved reliability for reconstructing ocean temperatures from coral

Solar Thermochemical Energy Storage Through Carbonation Cycles of SrCO3/SrO Supported on SrZrO3.

Science.gov (United States)

Rhodes, Nathan R; Barde, Amey; Randhir, Kelvin; Li, Like; Hahn, David W; Mei, Renwei; Klausner, James F; AuYeung, Nick

2015-11-01

Solar thermochemical energy storage has enormous potential for enabling cost-effective concentrated solar power (CSP). A thermochemical storage system based on a SrO/SrCO3 carbonation cycle offers the ability to store and release high temperature (≈1200 °C) heat. The energy density of SrCO3/SrO systems supported by zirconia-based sintering inhibitors was investigated for 15 cycles of exothermic carbonation at 1150 °C followed by decomposition at 1235 °C. A sample with 40 wt % of SrO supported by yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) shows good energy storage stability at 1450 MJ m(-3) over fifteen cycles at the same cycling temperatures. After further testing over 45 cycles, a decrease in energy storage capacity to 1260 MJ m(-3) is observed during the final cycle. The decrease is due to slowing carbonation kinetics, and the original value of energy density may be obtained by lengthening the carbonation steps. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Characteristics of Sr0.92Y0.08Ti1-yNiyO3-δ anode and Ni-infiltrated Sr0.92Y0.08TiO3-δ anode using CH4 fuel in solid oxide fuel cells

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Eun Kyoung; Lee, Soonil; Yun, Jeong Woo

2018-01-01

Strontium titanium oxide co-doped with yttrium and nickel (SrxY1-xTiyNi1-yO3-δ; hereafter, SYTN), was investigated as an alternative anode material for solid oxide fuel cells. To improve the ionic conductivity of the Sr0.92Y0.08TiO3-δ (SYT) anode, Ni2+ was substituted into the B-site (initially occupied by Ti4+), thereby forming oxygen vacancies. To analyze the effects of Ni-doping in the SYT anode, the electrochemical properties of the SYTN anode were compared with those of the Ni-infiltrated SYT(Ni@SYT) using H2 and CH4 as fuels. The electrochemical reactions at the SYTN anode in the presence of both H2 and CH4 were limited by relatively slow reactions, such as non-charged processes including oxygen surface exchange and solid surface diffusion. The high electrical conductivity and excellent catalytic activity of the Ni nanoparticles in the Ni@SYT anode led to improved cell performance. CH4 decomposition at the Ni@SYT anode occurred via thermal pyrolysis of CH4 rather than by steam methane reforming, resulting in carbon deposition. In comparison, the poor inherent catalytic activity for CH4 oxidation exhibited by the SYTN anode minimized carbon deposition on the anode surface.

A multi-scaled hybrid orthopedic implant: bone ECM-shaped Sr-HA nanofibers on the microporous walls of a macroporous titanium scaffold.

Science.gov (United States)

Han, Yong; Zhou, Jianhong; Zhang, Lan; Xu, Kewei

2011-07-08

We report here, for the first time, a novel multi-scaled hybrid orthopedic implant material consisting of a macroporous Ti scaffold, whose macropores' walls have a microporous titania layer which is fully covered with nanofibers of Sr-doped hydroxyapatite (Sr-HA). The microporous titania layer is formed on and within the Ti scaffold by micro-arc oxidation, which firmly binds to the Ti substrate and contains Ca2+, Sr2+ and PO4(3-) ions. It is then hydrothermally treated to form Sr-HA nanofibers. During the hydrothermal treatment, Sr-HA nanoprisms nucleate from Ca0.5Sr0.5TiO3 pre-formed on the TiO2 and grow in length to nanofibers at the expense of Ca2+, Sr2+ and PO4(3-) ions that migrate from the TiO2. These Sr-HA nanofibers construct a network structure similar to the hierarchical organization of bone extracellular matrix (ECM), and the resulting nanofibrous surface displays a firm adhesion to substrate, superhydrophilicity and apatite-inducing ability. The induced apatite prefers to nucleate on the basal-faceted surfaces of Sr-HA nanofibers. The nanofiber-walled scaffold has a great potential for load-bearing orthotopic use.