Positioning invasive versus noninvasive urodynamics in the assessment of bladder outlet obstruction

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Arnolds, Michiel; Oelke, Matthias

2009-01-01

Purpose of review To provide evidence of promising tests to noninvasively diagnose bladder outlet obstruction (800) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Recent findings Pressure-flow studies are usually performed to prove BOO prior to prostatectomy. However, pressure-flow studies are invasive,

Prolapsing Gastric Polyp Causing Intermittent Gastric Outlet Obstruction.

Science.gov (United States)

Kosai, Nik Ritza; Gendeh, Hardip Singh; Norfaezan, Abdul Rashid; Razman, Jamin; Sutton, Paul Anthony; Das, Srijit

2015-06-01

Gastric polyps are often an incidental finding on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, with an incidence up to 5%. The majority of gastric polyps are asymptomatic, occurring secondary to inflammation. Prior reviews discussed Helicobacter pylori (H pylori)-associated singular gastric polyposis; however, we present a rare and unusual case of recurrent multiple benign gastric polyposis post H pylori eradication resulting in intermittent gastric outlet obstruction. A 70-year-old independent male, Chinese in ethnicity, with a background of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and a simple renal cyst presented with a combination of melena, anemia, and intermittent vomiting of partially digested food after meals. Initial gastroscopy was positive for H pylori; thus he was treated with H pylori eradication and proton pump inhibitors. Serial gastroscopy demonstrated multiple sessile gastric antral polyps, the largest measuring 4 cm. Histopathologic examination confirmed a benign hyperplastic lesion. Computed tomography identified a pyloric mass with absent surrounding infiltration or metastasis. A distal gastrectomy was performed, whereby multiple small pyloric polyps were found, the largest prolapsing into the pyloric opening, thus explaining the intermittent nature of gastric outlet obstruction. Such polyps often develop from gastric ulcers and, if left untreated, may undergo neoplasia to form malignant cells. A distal gastrectomy was an effective choice of treatment, taking into account the polyp size, quantity, and potential for malignancy as opposed to an endoscopic approach, which may not guarantee a complete removal of safer margins and depth. Therefore, surgical excision is favorable for multiple large gastric polyps with risk of malignancy.

Infantile myofibromatosis: a most unusual cause of gastric outlet obstruction

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Rohrer, Kellie; Murphy, Robyn; Thresher, Caroline; Jacir, Nabil; Bergman, Kerry [Morristown Memorial Hospital, Department of Radiology, Morristown, NJ (United States)

2005-08-01

Non-bilious vomiting in the newborn is common. Etiologies include both surgical and medical conditions. Gastroesophageal reflux, soy or milk protein allergy, and prostaglandin-induced foveolar hyperplasia are among the medical causes. Surgical entities include gastric antral webs, pre-ampullary duodenal and pyloric atresia, and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. We report the unique case of an 8-day-old girl who presented with gastric outlet obstruction secondary to infantile myofibromatosis. (orig.)

The ICS-'BPH' Study: uroflowmetry, lower urinary tract symptoms and bladder outlet obstruction

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Reynard, J. M.; Yang, Q.; Donovan, J. L.; Peters, T. J.; Schafer, W.; de la Rosette, J. J.; Dabhoiwala, N. F.; Osawa, D.; Lim, A. T.; Abrams, P.

1998-01-01

To explore the relationship between uroflow variables and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS): to define performance statistics (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values) for maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) with respect to bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) at various

Antral hyperplastic polyp causing intermittent gastric outlet obstruction: Case report

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Kurtkaya-Yapicier Ozlem

2003-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Hyperplastic polyps are the most common polypoid lesions of the stomach. Rarely, they cause gastric outlet obstruction by prolapsing through the pyloric channel, when they arise in the prepyloric antrum. Case presentation A 62-year-old woman presented with intermittent nausea and vomiting of 4 months duration. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a 30 mm prepyloric sessile polyp causing intermittent gastric outlet obstruction. Following submucosal injection of diluted adrenaline solution, the polyp was removed with a snare. Multiple biopsies were taken from the greater curvature of the antrum and the corpus. Rapid urease test for Helicobacter pylori yielded a negative result. Histopathologic examination showed a hyperplastic polyp without any evidence of malignancy. Biopsies of the antrum and the corpus revealed gastritis with neither atrophic changes nor Helicobacter pylori infection. Follow-up endoscopy after a 12-week course of proton pomp inhibitor therapy showed a complete healing without any remnant tissue at the polypectomy site. The patient has been symptom-free during 8 months of follow-up. Conclusions Symptomatic gastric polyps should be removed preferentially when they are detected at the initial diagnostic endoscopy. Polypectomy not only provides tissue to determine the exact histopathologic type of the polyp, but also achieves radical treatment.

Fluoroscopic-guided covered metallic stent placement for gastric outlet obstruction and post-operative gastroenterostomy anastomotic stricture

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Lee, Jeong Min; Han, Young Min; Kim, Chong Soo; Lee, Sang Young; Lee, Soo Teik; Yang, Doo Hyun

2001-07-01

AIM: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of fluoroscopic-guided covered metallic stent placements in providing palliative care for patients with inoperable malignant gastric outlet obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Under fluoroscopic guidance, placement of self-expandable, covered stents was attempted in 20 patients with inoperable or recurrent gastric cancer (age range 36-79 years). All patients had inoperable gastric outlet obstruction, 13 with native anatomy and seven with post-operative anatomy (gastrointestinal anastomotic sites). All patients had intolerance to oral alimentation and/or vomiting after ingestion. Success was defined both technically and clinically. RESULTS: The placement of the stent was technically successful in 18 patients and failed in two patients (technical success: 90%). The cause of the technical failures was an inability to negotiate the guide wire through the obstruction sites in spite of the use of both fluoroscopic and endoscopic guidance. After stent placement, 15 patients were able to ingest at least liquids and had a markedly decreased incidence of vomiting (clinical success: 75%). During the mean follow-up of 6 weeks, there have been no stent reocclusion and no life-threatening complications except migration of two stents in one patient. CONCLUSION: Fluoroscopically guided covered metallic stent placement appears to be valuable for the palliative treatment of malignant obstruction of gastric outlet and post-operative gastrointestinal anastomoses. Lee, J.M. et al. (2001)

Simple Modification of the Bladder Outlet Obstruction Index for Better Prediction of Endoscopically-Proven Prostatic Obstruction: A Preliminary Study.

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Jang Hee Han

Full Text Available The bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI, also known as the Abrams-Griffiths (AG number, is the most widely used index for predicting BOO. However, the obstructed prostatic urethra determined by the BOOI is often inconsistent with endoscopically-proven obstruction. We assessed abdominal straining pattern as a novel parameter for improving the prediction of BOO.We retrospectively reviewed the pressure-flow studies (PFS and cystourethroscopy in 176 BPH/LUTS patients who were unresponsive to medical therapy. During PFS, some groups of patients tried to urinate with abdominal straining, which can increases intravesical pressure and underestimate BOOI theoretically. Accordingly, the modified BOOI was defined as (PdetQmax+ΔPabd-2Qmax.Ultimately, 130 patients were eligible for the analysis. In PFS, ΔPabd (PabdQmax-initial Pabd was 11.81±13.04 cmH2O, and it was 0-9 cmH2O in 75 (57.7%, 10-19 cmH2O in 23 (17.7% and ≥20 cmH2O in 32 (24.6% patients. An endoscopically obstructed prostatic urethra in 92 patients was correctly determined in 47 patients (51.1% by the original BOOI versus 72 patients (78.3% based on the modified BOOI. Meanwhile, an "unobstructed" urethra according to the original BOOI was present in 11 patients (12.0%, whereas according to the modified BOOI, only 2 (2.1% would be labeled as "unobstructed". In receiver operating characteristic curves, the area under the curve was 0.906 using the modified BOOI number versus 0.849 in the original BOOI (p<0.05.The change in abdominal pressure was correlated with endoscopically-proven obstruction. Our simple modification of the BOOI on the basis of this finding better predicted bladder outlet obstruction and, therefore, should be considered when evaluating BOO in patients with LUTS/BPH.

Effect of short-term outlet obstruction on rat bladder nerve density and contractility

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Barendrecht, M. M.; Chichester, P.; Michel, M. C.; Levin, R. M.

2007-01-01

1 The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between innervation density and contractile responses to field stimulation and exogenous agonists at early time points after induction of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in rats. 2 When compared with sham-operated animals, 1, 3 and 7

A porcine model of bladder outlet obstruction incorporating radio-telemetered cystometry.

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Shaw, Matthew B; Herndon, Claude D; Cain, Mark P; Rink, Richard C; Kaefer, Martin

2007-07-01

To present a novel porcine model of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) with a standardized bladder outlet resistance and real-time ambulatory radio-telemetered cystometry, as BOO is a common condition with many causes in both adults and children, with significant morbidity and occasional mortality, but attempts to model this condition in many animal models have the fundamental problem of standardising the degree of outlet resistance. BOO was created in nine castrated male pigs by dividing the mid-urethra; outflow was allowed through an implanted bladder drainage catheter containing a resistance valve, allowing urine to flow across the valve only when a set pressure differential was generated across the valve. An implantable radio-telemetered pressure sensor monitored the pressure within the bladder and abdominal cavity, and relayed this information to a remote computer. Four control pigs had an occluded bladder drainage catheter and pressure sensor placed, but were allowed to void normally through the native urethra. Intra-vesical pressure was monitored by telemetry, while the resistance valve was increased weekly, beginning with 2 cmH2O and ultimately reaching 10 cmH2O. The pigs were assessed using conventional cystometry under anaesthesia before death, and samples conserved in formalin for haematoxylin and eosin staining. The pigs had radio-telemetered cystometry for a median of 26 days. All telemetry implants functioned well for the duration of the experiment, but one pig developed a urethral fistula and was excluded from the study. With BOO the bladder mass index (bladder mass/body mass x 10 000) increased from 9.7 to 20 (P = 0.004), with a significant degree of hypertrophy of the detrusor smooth muscle bundles. Obstructed bladders were significantly less compliant than control bladders (8.3 vs 22.1 mL/cmH2O, P = 0.03). Telemetric cystometry showed that there was no statistically significance difference in mean bladder pressure between obstructed and control pigs

OPERABILITY RATE OF DISTAL GASTRIC CANCER AND THE EFFECT OF GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION IN THE OPERABILITY RATE AND POSTOPERATIVE OUTCOME- A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

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Rajesh T. R

2017-10-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND Stomach cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in the world. 1 Except in countries where screening for stomach cancer is prevalent, most of the distal stomach tumours are diagnosed at advanced stage. Gastric outlet obstruction is usually believed to be a sign of locally-advanced disease. Complete surgical removal of the disease (R0 is the only potentially curative treatment for resectable gastric cancer. The aim of the study is to finda The operability rate of gastric cancer in our institution and the incidence of Gastric Outlet Obstruction (GOO in patients undergoing gastrectomy for distal gastric cancer. b To compare the postoperative outcome in patients with gastric outlet obstruction and those without gastric outlet obstruction. c To see if the histology of the tumour has any role in the development of GOO. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective study. The study includes patients who were admitted with carcinoma stomach and underwent operative or nonoperative treatment in our institution during 2013 to 2015. RESULTS Overall operability rate was 45.8%. Operable patients in the GOO group were 47%. Operability in the no outlet obstruction group were 45%. Data shows a slightly increased predilection for GOO in diffuse and mixed type of tumours (statistically not significant. Intestinal tumours had significant rate of anaemia compared to diffuse tumours (p <0.005. Overall mortality was 6.7%. Mortality is higher in the GOO group (8.8%. CONCLUSION (a. Operability rate of distal gastric cancer in our institution is 45.8%. (b. Incidence of gastric outlet obstruction in patients undergoing gastrectomy is 38.2%. (c. Presence of gastric outlet obstruction does not influence operability rate (47% vs. 45%. (d. Morbidity and mortality after distal radical gastrectomy is comparable in both groups. (e. Both intestinal and diffuse histology have equal incidence of GOO. (f. Chronic blood loss and incidence of anaemia is more in

Endoscopic magnetic gastroenteric anastomosis for palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction: a prospective multicenter study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Hooft, Jeanin E.; Vleggaar, Frank P.; Moine, Olivier Le; Bizzotto, Alessandra; Voermans, Rogier P.; Costamagna, Guido; Devière, Jacques; Siersema, Peter D.; Fockens, Paul

2010-01-01

Background: Palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction remains challenging. Although there are 2 established treatment options, ie, surgical gastrojejunostomy and endoscopic duodenal stent insertion, there is an ongoing search for a technique that would combine the safety and rapid effect of

Self-expandable metal stents for malignant gastric outlet obstruction: A pooled analysis of prospective literature

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van Halsema, Emo E.; Rauws, Erik A. J.; Fockens, Paul; van Hooft, Jeanin E.

2015-01-01

To provide an overview of the clinical outcomes of self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement for malignant gastric outlet obstruction (MGOO). A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed of the literature published between January 2009 and March 2015. Only prospective studies that

Self-Expandable Metallic Stent Placement in Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction: A Comparison Between 2 Brands of Stents.

Science.gov (United States)

Ye, Bing-Wei; Lee, Kuei-Chuan; Hsieh, Yun-Cheng; Li, Chung-Pin; Chao, Yee; Hou, Ming-Chih; Lin, Han-Chieh

2015-07-01

Malignant gastric outlet obstruction is a late complication of intraabdominal malignancy. Self-expandable metallic stent placement has been a safe palliative treatment to relieve obstructive symptoms. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of metallic stents in our patients and analyzed the clinical outcome of different brands. Seventy-one patients with inoperable gastric outlet obstruction receiving WallFlex enteral stents (WallFlex group) or Bonastents (Bonastent group) since April 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. The overall technical and clinical success rates of stent placement were 100% and 93%, respectively. The baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes including procedure-related complications, restenosis, and reintervention rates were comparable between the 2 groups. However, the Bonastent group had a higher rate of stent fracture than the WallFlex group (13.3% vs 0%, P = 0.03). The mean duration of overall stent patency was 132.7 days. The mean duration of survival was 181.9 days. Resumption of regular diet or low residual diet at day 7 after stent insertion predicted stent patency (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.28, P = 0.01). Cancer with gastric origin (HR: 0.25, P = 0.045) and poststent chemotherapy (HR: 0.38, P = 0.006) predicted lower mortality; however, peritoneal carcinomatosis (HR: 3.09, P = 0.04) correlated with higher mortality. Metallic stent placement is a safe and effective method for relieving gastric outlet obstruction. Except higher rate of stent fracture in the Bonastent group, there is no significant difference in clinical outcomes between the Bonastent group and the WallFlex group.

The Effect of Bladder Outlet Obstruction on alpha(1)- and beta-Adrenoceptor Expression and Function

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Barendrecht, Maurits M.; Frazier, Elfaridah P.; Vrydag, Wim; Alewijnse, Astrid E.; Peters, Stephan L. M.; Michel, Martin C.

2009-01-01

Aims: To explore possible changes in expression and/or function of alpha(1)- and beta-adrenoceptor subtypes as a cause for bladder dysfunction in a rat model of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Methods: BOO was induced in rats by partial urethral ligature. Contraction and relaxation experiments

Bladder outlet obstruction due to a small midline prostatic cyst - diagnostic imaging and interventional radiological treatment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hueppe, T.; Kopka, L.; Friedrich, M.; Kuehn, M.

1992-01-01

We describe a rare case of a bladder outlet obstruction due to a midline prostatic cyst. In the following clinical apperance, diagnostic imaging and therapy by CT-guided punction are reported. Differential diagnosis and therapy are discussed. (orig.) [de

Lateral sphincteromyotomy in patients with outlet obstruction after surgery for Hirschsprung's disease and short-segment disease

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Vorm, Hanne N; Jensen, Susanne I; Qvist, Niels

2002-01-01

The results of lateral sphincteromyotomy (LSM) including the external sphincter in patients with severe outlet obstruction (OO) and constipation refractory to medical treatment after surgery for Hirschsprung's disease (HD) or with short-segment disease were evaluated. The parents filled out a det...

Association of compartment defects in anorectal and pelvic floor dysfunction with female outlet obstruction constipation (OOC) by dynamic MR defecography.

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Li, M; Jiang, T; Peng, P; Yang, X-Q; Wang, W-C

2015-04-01

Chronic constipation affects more than 17% of the global population worldwide, and up to 50% of patients were outlet obstruction constipation (OOC). Women and the elderly are most likely to be affected, due to female-specific risk factors, such as menopause, parity and multiparity. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of compartment defects in anorectal and pelvic floor dysfunction with female outlet obstruction constipation (OOC) by MR defecography. Fifty-six consecutive women diagnosed with outlet obstruction constipation from October 2009 to July 2011 were included. They were categorized into the following groups: anorectal disorder only group (27 patients) and anorectal disorder plus multi-compartment pelvic disorder group (29 patients). Relevant measurements were taken at rest, during squeezing and straining. Anismus was significantly more common in the anorectal disorder group compared to the multi-compartment pelvic disorder group. Conversely, rectocele, rectal prolapse, and descending perineum were significantly more common in the multi-compartment pelvic disorder group compared to the anorectal disorder group. Of the total 56 OOC patients, 34 (60.7%) exhibited anismus and 38 (67.9%) rectocele. Among the anismus patients, there were 8 patients (23.5%) with combined cystocele, and 6 patients (17.6%) with combined vaginal/cervical prolapse. Among the rectocele patients, there were 23 patients (60.5%) with combined cystocele and 18 patients (47.4%) with combined vaginal/cervical prolapse. With respect to anorectal defects, 13 anismus patients (38.2%) were with signal posterior pelvic defects, 4 rectocele patients (10.5%) presented with signal posterior pelvic defects. Inadequate defecatory propulsion due to outlet obstruction constipation is often associated with multi-compartment pelvic floor disorders, whereas not about dyssynergic defecation.

Compensatory Paracrine Mechanisms That Define The Urothelial Response to Injury in Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction

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Bassuk, James; Lendvay, Thomas S.; Sweet, Robert; Han, Chang-Hee; Soygur, Tarkan; Cheng, Jan-Fang; Plaire, J. Chadwick; Charleston, Jay S.; Charleston, Lynne B.; Bagai, Shelly; Cochrane, Kimberly; Rubio, Eric; Bassuk, James A.; Fuchs, Elaine

2007-06-21

Diseases and conditions affecting the lower urinary tract are a leading cause of dysfunctional sexual health, incontinence, infection, and kidney failure. The growth, differentiation, and repair of the bladder's epithelial lining are regulated, in part, by fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-7 and -10 via a paracrine cascade originating in the mesenchyme (lamina propria) and targeting the receptor for FGF-7 and -10 within the transitional epithelium (urothelium). The FGF-7 gene is located at the 15q15-q21.1 locus on chromosome 15 and four exons generate a 3.852-kb mRNA. Five duplicated FGF-7 gene sequences that localized to chromosome 9 were predicted not to generate functional protein products, thus validating the use of FGF-7-null mice as an experimental model. Recombinant FGF-7 and -10 induced proliferation of human urothelial cells in vitro and transitional epithelium of wild-type and FGF-7-null mice in vivo.To determine the extent that induction of urothelial cell proliferation during the bladder response to injury is dependent on FGF-7, an animal model of partial bladder outlet obstruction was developed. Unbiased stereology was used to measure the percentage of proliferating urothelial cells between obstructed groups of wild-type and FGF-7-null mice. The stereological analysis indicated that a statistical significant difference did not exist between the two groups, suggesting that FGF-7 is not essential for urothelial cell proliferation in response to partial outlet obstruction. In contrast, a significant increase in FGF-10 expression was observed in the obstructed FGF-7-null group, indicating that the compensatory pathway that functions in this model results in urothelial repair.

Bladder outlet obstruction

Science.gov (United States)

BOO; Lower urinary tract obstruction; Prostatism; Urinary retention - BOO ... these diseases increases greatly. Other common causes of BOO include: Pelvic tumors (cervix, prostate, uterus, rectum) Narrowing ...

Male bladder outlet obstruction : Time to re-evaluate the definition and reconsider our diagnostic pathway? ICI-RS 2015

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Rademakers, Kevin; Drake, Marcus J; Gammie, Andrew; Djurhuus, Jens C; Rosier, Peter F W M; Abrams, Paul; Harding, Christopher

The diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in the male is dependent on measurements of pressure and flow made during urodynamic studies. The procedure of urodynamics and the indices used to delineate BOO are well standardized largely as a result of the work of the International Continence

Urodynamic and clinical effects of terazosin therapy in symptomatic patients with and without bladder outlet obstruction: a stratified analysis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Witjes, W. P.; Rosier, P. F.; Caris, C. T.; Debruyne, F. M.; de la Rosette, J. J.

1997-01-01

To evaluate clinical and urodynamic changes in patients with and without bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and to compare the clinical and urodynamic results of terazosin treatment between patients with and without BOO. In a prospective study, 97 patients who completed a full screening program

Application of transabdominal ultrasonography in diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou Yanfeng; Wang Jian; Tang Qi; Yu Jiashun; Liu Dingyi; Jiang Yi; Wang Ying

2012-01-01

Objective: To analyze the correlation between the bladder weight (BW) and intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) and the degree of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in the patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and to explore the clinical value of transabdominal ultrasonography in judgement of BOO in the patients with BPH. Methods: Urodynamic examination was performed in 124 BPH patients from March 2009 to January 2011. 124 patients were divided into 2 groups (non-obstruction and obstruction). The BW and IPP were measured by transabdominal ultrasonography, the correlation between BW, IPP and the parameters reflecting BOO was analyzed. Results: The BW values in obstruction group and non-obstruction group were (77.47±44.34) g and (57.47±23.10) g. There was significant difference in BW between obstruction group and non-obstruction group (P<0.05). The IPP values in obstruction group and non-obstruction group were (11.05±9.65) mm and (7.67±7.99) mm. There was significant difference in IPP between obstruction group and non-obstruction group (P<0.05). The BW value of all the patients with BPH was negatively correlated with Q max (r=-0.177, P<0.05) and positively correlated with PdetQ max (P<0.05, r=-0.201). The IPP value was negatively correlated with Q max (r=-0.403, P<0.01) and positively correlated with PedQ max (r=0.192, P<0.01). Conclusion: The BW and IPP are highly correlated with BOO, and evaluating BW and IPP with ultrasound is a reliable method to determine the degree of BOO. (authors)

Treatment of malignant gastric outlet obstruction with stents: An evaluation of the reported variables for clinical outcome

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Medhus Asle W

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO is commonly seen in patients with advanced gastric-, pancreatic-, duodenal, hepatobiliary or metastatic malignancies. Ten to 25% of patients with pancreatic cancer will develop duodenal obstruction during the course of the disease. Duodenal stenting with self-expandable metal stents is an alternative treatment to surgical bypass procedures. Our aim was to review the published literature regarding treatment of malignant GOO with stents to reveal whether the information provided is sufficient to evaluate the clinical effects of this treatment Methods A literature search from 2000 – 2007 was conducted in Pub Med, Embase, and Cochrane library, combining the following search terms: duodenal stent, malignant duodenal obstruction, gastric outlet obstruction, SEMS, and gastroenteroanastomosis. All publications presenting data with ≥ 15 patients and only articles written in English were included and a review focusing on the following parameters were conducted: 1 The use of graded scoring systems evaluating clinical success; 2 Assessment of Quality of life (QoL before and after treatment; 3 Information on stent-patency; 4 The use of objective criteria to evaluate the stent effect. Results 41 original papers in English were found; no RCT's. 16 out of 41 studies used some sort of graded scoring system. No studies had objectively evaluated QoL before or after stent treatment, using standardized QoL-questionnaires, 32/41 studies reported on stent patency and 9/41 performed an oral contrast examination after stent placement. Objective quantitative tests of gastric emptying had not been performed. Conclusion Available reports do not provide sufficient relevant information of the clinical outcome of duodenal stenting. In future studies, these relevant issues should be addressed to allow improved evaluation of the effect of stent treatment.

Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in female: etiology and management

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shaikh, N.A.; Ahuja, K.; Shaikh, G.S.; Soomro, A.K.

2015-01-01

To determine the etiology and management outcome of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in female. Methodology: From 2009 to 2012, 37 females with a mean age of 40 (range 20-65) were investigated for etiology and management outcome of BOO. Typical complaints were slow urinary flow, difficulty in emptying bladder, frequency of micturition and urgency. Mean duration of symptoms was 6 month. Results: 15 women were confirmed as atrophic urethritis, 5 had functional bladder, 3 had urethral caruncle, 5 had cystocele, 7 had complete procedentia of uterus, and 2 had impacted urethral stone. Cystoscopy was performed in all patients to exclude other pathology like vesical stone and bladder growth. 12 patients were referred to Gynecology due to complete procedentia of uterus and cystocele. Three cases of urethral caruncle were treated by excision and biopsy, 2 patients with urethral stone were treated by endoscopic push back and litholapaxy while 5 required conservative treatment and 15 cases of atrophic urethritis were kept on Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). Conclusion: BOO is uncommon in female and management depends upon the etiology. (author)

Long-Term Palliative Effect of Stenting in Gastric Outlet Obstruction Due to Transarterial Chemoembolization with Yttrium-90 in a Patient with Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor

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Erkan Caglar

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Internal radioembolization with yttrium-90 is a promising treatment method, predominantly for liver tumors. However, the shifting of yttrium-90-loaded spherules into the arteries and veins that supply the duodenum and stomach, leading to ulceration, hemorrhage, perforation, and outlet obstruction of these organs, is one of the major undesirable consequences of this technique. We report a case of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO due to antropyloric stenosis with ulceration, edema, and inflammation following transarterial yttrium-90 treatment for a metastatic neuroendocrine tumor in a 58-year-old man. Stenting was used for palliation in this case. GOO improved after stenting and recovery of oral intake was permanent after stent removal.

Successful treatment with a combination of endoscopic injection and irrigation with coca cola for gastric bezoar-induced gastric outlet obstruction.

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Chen-Sheng; Tung, Chun-Fang; Peng, Yen-Chun; Chow, Wei-Keung; Chang, Chi-Sen; Hu, Wei-Hsiung

2008-01-01

We report a case of gastric bezoar-induced gastric outlet obstruction that was successfully treated with a combination of endoscopic injection and irrigation with Coca Cola. A 73-year-old diabetic woman had a history of perforated peptic ulcer and had received pyloroplasty more than 20 years previously. She had been ingesting Pho Pu Zi (Cordia dichotoma Forst. f.) as an appetizer for 1 month. She presented with epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, performed at a local hospital, showed 2 gastric bezoars in the stomach, and 1 of them impacted at the pylorus. She was referred to our emergency department for removal of the gastric bezoars that were suspected to be causing gastric outlet obstruction. All attempts at endoscopic removal using a polypectomy snare, biopsy forceps and Dormia basket failed. We then injected Coca Cola directly into the bezoar mass, followed by irrigation with Coca Cola. Follow-up endoscopy was performed the next day, which revealed that the gastric bezoars had dissolved spontaneously.

Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Rom, Maximilian; Waldert, Matthias; Schatzl, Georg; Swietek, Natalia; Shariat, Shahrokh F; Klatte, Tobias

2014-07-01

To evaluate the frequency of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and detrusor overactivity (DO) in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Our prospective urodynamics database was queried. Inclusion criteria were CRPC and an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) ≥ 20. Exclusion criteria were previous local therapy to the prostate gland, known urethral stricture disease, and a neurological component of LUTS. Twenty-one patients were identified. Urodynamic findings were analysed and compared with those of a matched cohort of 42 patients with benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). The median age of patients in the CRPC group was 74 years, and the median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level at the time of the urodynamic study was 90 ng/mL. According to the BOO index, three patients (14%) were obstructed, three were equivocally obstructed (14%) and 15 were unobstructed. DO was seen in 12 patients (57%). Compared with the BPE group, patients with CRPC had lower cystometric bladder capacities (P = 0.003), were less likely to have BOO (14 vs 43%, P = 0.009) and more likely to have DO (57 vs 29%, P = 0.028). This study generates the hypothesis that only a minority of CRPC patients with LUTS have BOO, and that more than half of patients have DO. LUTS in CRPC may therefore be seldom attributable to BOO, but are, at least in part, related to DO and reduced cystometric capacity. A urodynamic investigation may be necessary before palliative transurethral resection of the prostate to select appropriate candidates. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings. © 2013 The Authors. BJU International © 2013 BJU International.

Three-dimensional stereology as a tool for evaluating bladder outlet obstruction

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Van Der Wijk, Jasper; Van Der Wijk, Jan; Horn, Thomas

2008-01-01

Objective. In a pilot study we evaluated whether implementation of a novel 3D stereologic technique can prove that bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) is associated with morphologic changes in the bladder wall. Material and methods. Ten males (mean age 69.7 years; range 58-84 years) with lower urinary...... tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of BOO and five controls (mean age 48.6 years; range 43-53 years) without LUTS were studied. All participants underwent a full examination, including determination of the International Prostate Symptom Score, laboratory analysis and a urodynamic evaluation. A cold....... Conclusions. This pilot study shows that, even with the implementation of subtle morphometric techniques, there seems to be no relationship between the severity of BOO and bladder wall morphology. It is possible that interstitial collagen in the bladder wall increases with age. It seems that bladder wall...

Impact of Carcinomatosis on Clinical Outcomes after Self-Expandable Metallic Stent Placement for Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction.

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Ji Eun Lee

Full Text Available It is still unclear whether the peritoneal carcinomatosis had a negative effect on the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS placement for malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO. Although carcinomatosis may be associated with the development of multifocal gastrointestinal (GI tract obstruction or decreased bowel movement, previous studies investigated the occurrence of stent failure only and thus had limitation in evaluating clinical outcomes of patients with carcinomatosis.Between 2009 and 2013, 155 patients (88 patients without carcinomatosis and 67 patients with carcinomatosis underwent endoscopic SEMS placement for malignant GOO. Factors affecting clinical success and obstructive symptom-free survival (time period between SEMS placement and the recurrence of obstructive symptoms due to multifocal GI tract obstruction or decreased bowel movement as well as stent failure were assessed.Patients with carcinomatosis showed higher Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG scale than those without carcinomatosis. Clinical success rates were 88.1% in patients with carcinomatosis and 97.7% in patients without carcinomatosis. In multivariate analysis, only ECOG scale was identified as an independent predictor of clinical success. During follow-up period, patients with carcinomatosis showed significantly shorter obstructive symptom-free survival than those without carcinomatosis. In multivariate analysis, the presence of carcinomatosis, chemotherapy or radiation therapy after SEMS placement, and obstruction site were identified as independent predictors of obstructive symptom-free survival. For patient without carcinomatosis, stent failure accounted for the recurrence of obstructive symptoms in 84.6% of cases. For patients with carcinomatosis, multifocal GI tract obstruction or decreased bowel movement accounted for 37.9% of cases with obstructive symptom recurrence and stent failure accounted for 44.8% of

Gastric Outlet Obstruction Caused by Foley Catheter: A Complication when Substituting for Commercial Gastrostomy Tubes

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Amanda B. Lewis

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The technique of using percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG for long-term enteral feeding is well established and commonly used. While the technique is relatively safe and simple, the gastrostomy tube itself may deteriorate or malfunction, requiring a replacement tube. We present a case of a 58-year-old woman who was found to have gastric outlet obstruction from the inflated balloon of a Foley catheter being used as a replacement for her PEG tube. This case illustrates a potential complication of using a Foley catheter in place of commercially available gastrostomy tubes.

Laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy versus duodenal stenting in unresectable gastric cancer with gastric outlet obstruction.

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Min, Sa-Hong; Son, Sang-Yong; Jung, Do-Hyun; Lee, Chang-Min; Ahn, Sang-Hoon; Park, Do Joong; Kim, Hyung-Ho

2017-09-01

To compare the outcome between laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy (LapGJ) and duodenal stenting (DS) in terms of oral intake, nutritional status, patency duration, effect on chemotherapy and survival. Medical records of 115 patients, who had LapGJ or duodenal stent placement between July 2005 and September 2015 in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, have been reviewed retrospectively. Oral intake was measured with Gastric Outlet Obstruction Scoring System. Serum albumin and body weight was measured as indicators of nutritional status. The duration of patency was measured until the date of reintervention. Chemotherapy effect was calculated after the procedures. Survival period and oral intake was analyzed by propensity score matching age, sex, T-stage, comorbidities, and chemotherapy status. Forty-three LapGJ patients and 58 DS patients were enrolled. Improvement in oral intake was shown in LapGJ group versus DS group (88% vs. 59%, P = 0.011). Serum albumin showed slight but significant increase after LapGJ (+0.75 mg/dL vs. -0.15 mg/dL, P = 0.002); however, there was no difference in their body weight (+5.1 kg vs. -1.0 kg, P = 0.670). Patients tolerated chemotherapy longer without dosage reduction after LapGJ (243 days vs . 74 days, P = 0.006) and maintained the entire chemotherapy regimen after the procedure longer in LapGJ group (247 days vs. 137 days, P = 0.042). LapGJ showed significantly longer survival than DS (220 vs. 114 days, P = 0.004). DS can provide faster symptom relief but LapGJ can provide improved oral intake, better compliance to chemotherapy, and longer survival. Therefore, LapGJ should be the first choice in gastric outlet obstruction patients for long-term and better quality of life.

Primary duodenal tuberculosis presenting as gastric-outlet obstruction: Its diagnosis

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Vijai Datta Upadhyaya

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Gastrointestinal tuberculosis often involves the ileocecal region. Duodenal and gastric tuberculosis found in only 1% of patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis with associated HIV infection in non-endemic areas. Duodenal obstruction due to tuberculosis is very rare and needs high index of suspicions for diagnosis. Mostly this entity is suspected on intraoperative findings. In this manuscript we emphasized on ways and means for establishing histopathological diagnosis before starting anti-tubercular treatment in such cases. Method and Material: All patients of suspected gastroduodenal tuberculosis presented with feature of gastric-outlet obstruction managed during Jan 2009 to June 2011 were included in the study. After proper evaluation (routine hematological and biochemical examination, microbiological examination, serological and endoscopic evaluation exploratory laparotomy was done and if there is no mesenteric lymphadenopathy or it is not safe to take biopsy form the diseased duodenum, multiple FNAC were taken from the diseased portion for histopathological and microbiological diagnosis. Result: A total of five patients were treated during this period. The most common presentation was vomiting followed by failure to thrive and weight loss; two patients had abdominal pain. Biopsy of mesenteric lymph node was possible in two cases. FNAC from diseases portion was taken in all cases. FNAC showed granulomas in four cases. Cases where even FNAC finding was non-conclusive on HPE/Microbiology was not subjected to antitubercular drug. Conclusion: Multiple intra-operative FNAC may be taken from the diseased portion of the duodenum to establish the histopathological diagnosis if diagnosis is not established by any other mean.

Successful Treatment with a Combination of Endoscopic Injection and Irrigation with Coca Cola for Gastric Bezoar-induced Gastric Outlet Obstruction

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Chen-Sheng Lin

2008-01-01

Full Text Available We report a case of gastric bezoar-induced gastric outlet obstruction that was successfully treated with a combination of endoscopic injection and irrigation with Coca Cola. A 73-year-old diabetic woman had a history of perforated peptic ulcer and had received pyloroplasty more than 20 years previously. She had been ingesting Pho Pu Zi (Cordia dichotoma Forst. f. as an appetizer for 1 month. She presented with epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, performed at a local hospital, showed 2 gastric bezoars in the stomach, and 1 of them impacted at the pylorus. She was referred to our emergency department for removal of the gastric bezoars that were suspected to be causing gastric outlet obstruction. All attempts at endoscopic removal using a polypectomy snare, biopsy forceps and Dormia basket failed. We then injected Coca Cola directly into the bezoar mass, followed by irrigation with Coca Cola. Follow-up endoscopy was performed the next day, which revealed that the gastric bezoars had dissolved spontaneously.

Sulforaphane Ameliorates Bladder Dysfunction through Activation of the Nrf2-ARE Pathway in a Rat Model of Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction

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Chong Liu

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Purpose. We evaluated the effect of sulforaphane (SFN treatment on the function and changes of expression of Nrf2-ARE pathway in the bladder of rats with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO. Materials and Methods. A total of 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats at age of 8 weeks were divided into 3 groups (6 of each: the sham operated group, the BOO group, and the BOO+SFN group. We examined histological alterations and the changes of oxidative stress markers and the protein expression of the Nrf2-ARE pathway. Results. We found that SFN treatment could prolong micturition interval and increase bladder capacity and bladder compliance. However, the peak voiding pressure was lower than BOO group. SFN treatment can ameliorate the increase of collagen fibers induced by obstruction. SFN treatment also increased the activity of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT compared to the other groups. The level of bladder cell apoptosis was decreased in BOO rats with SFN treatment. Moreover, SFN could reduce the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, SFN could activate the Nrf2 expression with elevation of its target antioxidant proteins. Conclusions. The sulforaphane-mediated decrease of oxidative stress and activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway may ameliorate bladder dysfunction caused by bladder outlet obstruction.

Sulforaphane Ameliorates Bladder Dysfunction through Activation of the Nrf2-ARE Pathway in a Rat Model of Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction

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Liu, Chong; Xu, Huan; Fu, Shi; Chen, Yanbo; Chen, Qi; Cai, Zhikang; Zhou, Juan; Wang, Zhong

2016-01-01

Purpose. We evaluated the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) treatment on the function and changes of expression of Nrf2-ARE pathway in the bladder of rats with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Materials and Methods. A total of 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats at age of 8 weeks were divided into 3 groups (6 of each): the sham operated group, the BOO group, and the BOO+SFN group. We examined histological alterations and the changes of oxidative stress markers and the protein expression of the Nrf2-ARE pathway. Results. We found that SFN treatment could prolong micturition interval and increase bladder capacity and bladder compliance. However, the peak voiding pressure was lower than BOO group. SFN treatment can ameliorate the increase of collagen fibers induced by obstruction. SFN treatment also increased the activity of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT compared to the other groups. The level of bladder cell apoptosis was decreased in BOO rats with SFN treatment. Moreover, SFN could reduce the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, SFN could activate the Nrf2 expression with elevation of its target antioxidant proteins. Conclusions. The sulforaphane-mediated decrease of oxidative stress and activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway may ameliorate bladder dysfunction caused by bladder outlet obstruction. PMID:27433291

Effects of nitric oxide inhibitors in mice with bladder outlet obstruction

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Marcy Lancia Pereira

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate the lower urinary tract changes in mice treated with L-NAME, a non-selective competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS, or aminoguanidine, a competitive inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS, after 5 weeks of partial bladder outlet obstruction (BOO, in order to evaluate the role of constitutive and non-constitutive NOS in the pathogenesis of this experimental condition. Materials and Methods C57BL6 male mice were partially obstructed and randomly allocated into 6 groups: Sham, Sham + L-NAME, Sham + aminoguanidine, BOO, BOO + L-NAME and BOO + aminoguanidine. After 5 weeks, bladder weight was obtained and cystometry and tissue bath contractile studies were performed. Results BOO animals showed increase of non-voiding contractions (NVC and bladder capacity, and also less contractile response to Carbachol and Electric Field Stimulation. Inhibition of NOS isoforms improved bladder capacity and compliance in BOO animals. L-NAME caused more NVC, prevented bladder weight gain and leaded to augmented contractile responses at muscarinic and electric stimulation. Aminoguanidine diminished NVC, but did not avoid bladder weight gain in BOO animals and did not improve contractile responses. Conclusion It can be hypothesized that chronic inhibition of three NOS isoforms in BOO animals leaded to worsening of bladder function, while selective inhibition of iNOS did not improve responses, what suggests that, in BOO animals, alterations are related to constitutive NOS.

Diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction can we do away with pressureflow studies?

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Abraham Vinod Peedikayil

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Objective: To compare pressure-flow study on one hand with BWT, prostate volume, urine flow rate PVR and IPSS index in the other arm for diagnosis of BOO. Materials and methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in 48 men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS. International prostate symptom score was completed by the patient who then underwent free urine flow study. Pressure-Flow study was performed as per recommendations of International continence Society. Abrams-Griffiths nomogram and number were used to diagnose BOO. Patients with diabetes, neurovesical dysfunction, acute urinary retention, prior pelvic surgery and known prostate cancer were excluded. Suprapubic ultrasonography was performed independently by a consultant radiologist, who was blinded to findings of Pressure-Flow study. Prevoid bladder volume, postvoid residue (PVR, prostate volume and bladder wall thickness (BWT were noted. Results: Based on objective evidence from Pressure-Flow study, 35 patients were obstructed, 13 were not. Multivariate analysis was performed using Backward Stepwise Logistic Regression Model. Bladder wall thickness, prostate volume and urine flow rate had statistically significant relationship with BOO. Their coefficients of correlation were +0.794, +0.084 and 0.393 respectively. Bladder outlet obstruction could be defined by using a mathematical formula as detailed in the text (Positive Predictive Value 96.97%. Post-void residue and IPSS index were statistically insignificant. Conclusion: In a select group of patients presenting with LUTS, it should be possible to diagnose BOO without the use of Pressure-Flow study.

Epidemiology and etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia and bladder outlet obstruction

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Nishant D Patel

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH is a histological diagnosis associated with unregulated proliferation of connective tissue, smooth muscle and glandular epithelium. BPH may compress the urethra and result in anatomic bladder outlet obstruction (BOO; BOO may present as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS, infections, retention and other adverse events. BPH and BOO have a significant impact on the health of older men and health-care costs. As the world population ages, the incidence and prevalence of BPH and LUTS have increased rapidly. Although non-modifiable risk factors - including age, genetics and geography - play significant roles in the etiology of BPH and BOO, recent data have revealed modifiable risk factors that present new opportunities for treatment and prevention, including sex steroid hormones, the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, diet, physical activity and inflammation. We review the natural history, definitions and key risk factors of BPH and BOO in epidemiological studies.

The Influence of Preoperative Bladder Outlet Obstruction on Continence and Satisfaction in Patients with Stress Urinary Incontinence after Midurethral Sling

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Su Jin Kim

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Purpose We studied the influence of preoperative bladder outlet obstruction (BOO on postoperative continence rates and patient satisfaction after the midurethral sling procedure. Methods A total of 159 women who underwent the midurethral sling procedure were evaluated. Using the Blaivas-Groutz nomogram, we assigned the patients were assigned to Group I (n=37, no obstruction, Group II (n=89, mild obstruction, or Group III (n=33, moderate to severe obstruction. Continence rates, patient satisfaction, urinary sensation scale and uroflowmetry were evaluated postoperatively. Results There were no significant differences in continence rates, satisfaction, or postoperative maximal flow rate between the 3 groups. Postoperative urgency was improved after surgery in Groups I and II (P<0.05 but not in Group III. Conclusions BOO does not seem to be a risk factor for failure after the midurethral sling procedure. However, BOO may be considered as a potential factor for persistent storage symptoms after the midurethral sling.

Male bladder outlet obstruction: Time to re-evaluate the definition and reconsider our diagnostic pathway? ICI-RS 2015.

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Rademakers, Kevin; Drake, Marcus J; Gammie, Andrew; Djurhuus, Jens C; Rosier, Peter F W M; Abrams, Paul; Harding, Christopher

2017-04-01

The diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in the male is dependent on measurements of pressure and flow made during urodynamic studies. The procedure of urodynamics and the indices used to delineate BOO are well standardized largely as a result of the work of the International Continence Society. The clinical utility of the diagnosis of BOO is however, less well defined and there are several shortcomings and gaps in the currently available medical literature. Consequently the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society (ICI-RS) held a think tank session in 2015 entitled "Male bladder outlet obstruction: Time to re-evaluate the definition and reconsider our diagnostic pathway?" This manuscript details the discussions that took place within that think tank setting out the pros and cons of the current definition of BOO and exploring alternative clinical tests (alone or in combination) which may be useful in the future investigation of male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. The think tank panel concluded that pressure-flow studies remain the diagnostic gold-standard for BOO although there is still a lack of high quality evidence. Newer, less invasive, investigations have shown promise in terms of diagnostic accuracy for BOO but similar criticisms can be levelled against these tests. Therefore, the think tank suggests further research with regard to these alternative indicators to determine their clinical utility. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Testosterone Modifies Alterations to Detrusor Muscle after Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Juvenile Mice

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Andrew S. Flum

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to posterior urethral valves (PUV arise in boys during adolescence. The reasons for this have previously been attributed to increased urine output as boys experience increased growth. Additionally, there are few choices for clinicians to effectively treat these complications. We formed the new hypothesis that increased androgen levels at this time of childhood development could play a role at the cellular level in obstructed bladders. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the role of testosterone on bladder detrusor muscle following injury from partial bladder outlet obstruction (PO in mice. A PO model was surgically created in juvenile male mice. A group of mice were castrated by bilateral orchiectomy at time of obstruction (CPO. Testosterone cypionate was administered to a group of castrated, obstructed mice (CPOT. Bladder function was assessed by voiding stain on paper (VSOP. Bladders were analyzed at 7 and 28 days by weight and histology. Detrusor collagen to smooth muscle ratio (Col/SM was calculated using Masson’s trichrome stain. All obstructed groups had lower max voided volumes (MVV than sham mice at 1 day. Hormonally intact mice (PO continued to have lower MVV at 7 and 28 days while CPO mice improved to sham levels at both time points. In accordance, PO mice had higher bladder-to-body weight ratios than CPO and sham mice demonstrating greater bladder hypertrophy. Histologically, Col/SM was lower in sham and CPO mice. When testosterone was restored in CPOT mice, MVV remained low at 7 and 28 days compared to CPO and bladder-to-body weight ratios were also greater than CPO. Histologic changes were also seen in CPOT mice with higher Col/SM than sham and CPO mice. In conclusion, our findings support a role for testosterone in the fibrotic changes that occur after obstruction in male mice. This suggests that while other changes may occur in adolescent boys that cause complication in boys

Gastric Outlet Obstruction--An Unexpected Complication during Coca-Cola Therapy for a Gastric Bezoar: A Case Report and Literature Review.

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Lu, Lei; Zhang, Xiao-Feng

2016-01-01

Gastric bezoars are concretions of undigested material, and Coca-Cola therapy is an easy, efficacious and safe approach for bezoar treatment. Gastric outlet obstruction due to a migratory gastric bezoar during Coca-Cola therapy is an uncommon presentation and, to the best of our knowledge, no cases have been previously reported. We herein describe one such case with no known predisposing factors that recovered via the endoscopic technique. A thorough literature search was performed, which yielded eight relevant patients from seven publications, all of who developed gastrointestinal obstruction during dissolution treatment and recovered uneventfully after surgical intervention. In conclusion, this potential complication should be kept in mind in the event that alternative treatment is necessary.

Urethral orifice hyaluronic acid injections: a novel animal model of bladder outlet obstruction.

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Wang, Yongquan; Xiong, Zhiyong; Gong, Wei; Zhou, Zhansong; Lu, Gensheng

2015-02-21

We produced a novel model of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) by periurethral injection of hyaluronic acid and compared the cystometric features, postoperative complications, and histopathological changes of that model with that of traditional open surgery. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Fifteen rats were subcutaneously injected with 0.2 ml hyaluronic acid at 5, 7, and 12 o'clock around the urethral orifice. Another fifteen rats underwent traditional open partial proximal urethral obstruction surgery, and 10 normal rats used as controls. After 4 weeks, filling cystometry, postoperative complications, and histopathological features were evaluated in each group. Three rats were also observed for 12 weeks after hyaluronic acid injection to evaluate the long-term effect. Hyaluronic acid periurethral injection caused increased maximum cystometric capacity, maximum bladder pressure, micturition interval, and post-void residual urine volume compared with control (p injection group had significantly shorter operative time, less incidence of incision infection and bladder stone formation compared with the surgery group (p injection and surgery bladders; these were not observed in the control group. Bladder weight and thickness of smooth muscle in the injection and surgery groups were significantly greater than those in the control group (p injection or control groups. Rats periurethrally injected hyaluronic acid were stable the compound was not fully absorbed in any rat after 12 weeks. Hyaluronic acid periurethral injection generates a simple, effective, and persistent animal model of BOO with lower complications, compared with traditional surgery.

Self-expandable metal stents for malignant gastric outlet obstruction: A pooled analysis of prospective literature.

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van Halsema, Emo E; Rauws, Erik A J; Fockens, Paul; van Hooft, Jeanin E

2015-11-21

To provide an overview of the clinical outcomes of self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement for malignant gastric outlet obstruction (MGOO). A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed of the literature published between January 2009 and March 2015. Only prospective studies that reported on the clinical success of stent placement for MGOO were included. The primary endpoint was clinical success, defined according to the definition used in the original article. Data were pooled and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Subgroup analyses were performed for partially covered SEMSs (PCSEMSs) and uncovered SEMSs (UCSEMSs) using Fisher's exact test. A total of 19 studies, including 1281 patients, were included in the final analysis. Gastric (42%) and pancreatic (37%) cancer were the main causes of MGOO. UCSEMSs were used in 76% of patients and PCSEMSs in 24%. The overall pooled technical success rate was 97.3% and the clinical success rate was 85.7%. Stent dysfunction occurred in 19.6% of patients, mainly caused by re-obstruction (12.6%) and stent migration (4.3%), and was comparable between PCSEMSs and UCSEMSs (21.2% vs 19.1%, respectively, P = 0.412). Re-obstruction was more common with UCSEMSs (14.9% vs 5.1%, P stent migration was more frequent after PCSEMS placement (10.9% vs 2.2%, P stent patency ranged from 68 to 307 d in five studies. The median overall survival ranged from 49 to 183 d in 13 studies. The clinical outcomes in this large population showed that enteral stent placement was feasible, effective and safe. Therefore, stent placement is a valid treatment option for the palliation of MGOO.

Gastric Outlet Obstruction Palliation: A Novel Stent-Based Solution

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Natasha M. Rueth

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO after esophagectomy is a morbid outcome and significantly hinders quality of life for end-stage esophageal cancer patients. In the pre-stent era, palliation consisted of chemotherapy, radiation, tumor ablation, or stricture dilation. In the current era, palliative stenting has emerged as an additional tool; however, migration and tumor ingrowth are ongoing challenges. To mitigate these challenges, we developed a novel, hybrid, stent-based approach for the palliative management of GOO. We present a patient with esophageal cancer diagnosed with recurrent, metastatic disease 1 year after esophagectomy. She developed dehydration and intractable emesis, which significantly interfered with her quality of life. For palliation, we dilated the stenosis and proceeded with our stent-based solution. Using a combined endoscopic and fluoroscopic approach, we placed a 12-mm silicone salivary bypass tube across the pylorus, where it kinked slightly because of local tumor biology. To bridge this defect and ensure luminal patency, we placed a nitinol tracheobronchial stent through the silicone stent. Clinically, the patient had immediate relief from her pre-operative symptoms and was discharged home on a liquid diet. In conclusion, GOO and malignant dysphagia after esophagectomy are significant challenges for patients with end-stage disease. Palliative stenting is a viable option, but migration and tumor ingrowth are common complications. The hybrid approach presented here provides a unique solution to these potential pitfalls. The flared silicone tube minimized the chance of migration and impaired tumor ingrowth. The nitinol stent aided with patency and overcame the challenges of the soft tube. This novel strategy achieved palliation, describing another endoscopic option in the treatment of malignant GOO.

Thermo-expandable prostatic stents for bladder outlet obstruction in the frail and elderly population: An underutilized procedure?

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Kapil Sethi

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Purpose: To report our outcomes with the use of a thermo-expandable metallic intraprostatic stent (Memokath for patients with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO secondary to prostatic obstruction, and to assess it is a feasible option for many frail and elderly men unsuitable for surgery. Materials and Methods: We reviewed patients who underwent insertion of a Memokath stent for BOO over 17 years (January 1999 to December 2015 at one regional center over a long follow-up period (median, 7 years. Patients were selected if they had obstructive urinary symptoms or urinary retention with an indwelling catheter in situ, and were ineligible for transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP under general or spinal anesthesia. Primary outcomes assessed were the improvement in urinary symptoms and voiding parameters, as well as the ability to void spontaneously if catheterized, along with complications. Results: One hundred forty-four patients who presented with BOO or urinary retention had a Memokath stent inserted. Ninety patients (62.5% had a successful stent insertion with a significant difference between the median preoperative (550 mL and postoperative residual volume (80 mL, p<0.0001. Nearly two-thirds of men (64% returned to unassisted voiding with no increased risk of complications over time. Fifty-four patients (37.5% experienced stent failure. Main complications requiring stent removal or repositioning were migration, occlusion, refractory urinary retention and irritative voiding symptoms. Conclusions: In elderly and frail men with BOO deemed unsuitable to undergo TURP, prostatic stent is a safe and practical alternative to long-term catheterization.

Review of invasive urodynamics and progress towards non-invasive measurements in the assessment of bladder outlet obstruction

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C J Griffiths

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Objective: This article defines the need for objective measurements to help diagnose the cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS. It describes the conventional techniques available, mainly invasive, and then summarizes the emerging range of non-invasive measurement techniques. Methods: This is a narrative review derived form the clinical and scientific knowledge of the authors together with consideration of selected literature. Results: Consideration of measured bladder pressure urinary flow rate during voiding in an invasive pressure flow study is considered the gold standard for categorization of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO. The diagnosis is currently made by plotting the detrusor pressure at maximum flow (p detQmax and maximum flow rate (Q max on the nomogram approved by the International Continence Society. This plot will categorize the void as obstructed, equivocal or unobstructed. The invasive and relatively complex nature of this investigation has led to a number of inventive techniques to categorize BOO either by measuring bladder pressure non-invasively or by providing a proxy measure such as bladder weight. Conclusion: Non-invasive methods of diagnosing BOO show great promise and a few have reached the stage of being commercially available. Further studies are however needed to validate the measurement technique and assess their worth in the assessment of men with LUTS.

Introducción al urbanismo sustentable o nuevo urbanismo

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Silverio Hernández Moreno

2008-01-01

El urbanismo sustentable o nuevo urbanismo, es una manera actual de hacer a las ciudades sustentables, en lo referente a los aspectos urbanos. El diseño ecológicamente responsable es una herramienta muy útil en la creación de Arquitectura Sustentable, por tanto, en el nuevo urbanismo o urbanismo sustentable, también se toma como base el diseño ecológicamente responsable, hacia el ámbito urbano. La mayoría de las ciudades importantes de la actualidad son metrópolis que han crecido de manera de...

Surgical Management of Anatomic Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Males with Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction: A Systematic Review.

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Noordhoff, Toscane C; Groen, Jan; Scheepe, Jeroen R; Blok, Bertil F M

2018-03-15

Surgical treatment of anatomic bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) may be indicated in males with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. A bothersome complication after surgery is urinary incontinence. To identify the optimal practice in the surgical treatment of anatomic BOO in males with neurogenic bladder dysfunction, due to multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, spinal cord injury (SCI), spina bifida, or cerebrovascular accident (CVA). A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Medline, Embase, Cochrane controlled trial databases, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for publications until January 2017. A total of 930 abstracts were screened. Eight studies were included. The types of anatomic BOO discussed were benign prostate obstruction, urethral stricture, and bladder neck sclerosis. The identified surgical treatments were transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in patients with Parkinson, CVA or SCI, endoscopic treatment of urethral stricture by laser ablation or urethrotomy (mainly in SCI patients), and bladder neck resection (BNR) in SCI patients. The outcome of TURP may be highly variable, and includes persistent or de novo urinary incontinence, regained normal micturition control, and urinary continence. Good results were seen in BNR and endoscopic urethrotomy studies. Laser ablation and cold knife urethrotomy resulted in restarting intermittent catheterization or adequate voiding. Overall, a high risk of bias was found. This systematic review provides an overview of the current literature on the outcome of several surgical approaches of different types of anatomic BOO in males with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Identifying the optimal practice was impossible due to limited availability of high-quality studies. The outcome of several surgical approaches in males with neurogenic bladder dysfunction with benign prostate obstruction, urethral stricture

Diagnostic value of urodynamic bladder outlet obstruction to select patients for transurethral surgery of the prostate: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Myong Kim

Full Text Available To investigate the diagnostic value of urodynamic bladder outlet obstruction (BOO in the selection of patients for transurethral surgery of the prostate.We systematically searched online PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from January 1989 to June 2014.A total of 19 articles met the eligibility criteria for this systematic review. The eligible studies included a total of 2321 patients with a median number of 92 patients per study (range: 12-437. Of the 19 studies, 15 conducted conventional transurethral prostatectomy (TURP, and 7 used other or multiple modalities. In urodynamic bladder outlet obstruction (BOO positive patients, the pooled mean difference (MD was significant for better improvement of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS (pooled MD, 3.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.72-5.24; p < 0.01; studies, 16; participants, 1726, quality of life score (QoL (pooled MD, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.14-1.02; p = 0.010; studies, 9; participants, 1052, maximal flow rate (Qmax (pooled MD, 3.86; 95% CI, 2.17-5.54; p < 0.01; studies, 17; participants, 1852, and post-void residual volume (PVR (pooled MD, 32.46; 95% CI, 23.34-41.58; p < 0.01; studies, 10; participants, 1219 compared with that in non-BOO patients. Some comparisons showed between-study heterogeneity despite the strict selection criteria of the included studies. However, there was no clear evidence of publication bias in this meta-analysis.Our meta-analysis results showed a significant association between urodynamic BOO and better improvements in all treatment outcome parameters. Preoperative UDS may add insight into postoperative outcomes after surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Development of a duodenal gallstone ileus with gastric outlet obstruction (Bouveret syndrome four months after successful treatment of symptomatic gallstone disease with cholecystitis and cholangitis: a case report

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Winnekendonk Guido

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Introduction Cases of gallstone ileus account for 1% to 4% of all instances of mechanical bowel obstruction. The majority of obstructing gallstones are located in the terminal ileum. Less than 10% of impacted gallstones are located in the duodenum. A gastric outlet obstruction secondary to a gallstone ileus is known as Bouveret syndrome. Gallstones usually enter the bowel through a biliary enteral fistula. Little is known about the formation of such fistulae in the course of gallstone disease. Case presentation We report the case of a 72-year-old Caucasian woman born in Germany with a gastric outlet obstruction due to a gallstone ileus (Bouveret syndrome, with a large gallstone impacted in the third part of the duodenum. Diagnostic investigations of our patient included plain abdominal films, gastroscopy and abdominal computed tomography, which showed a biliary enteric fistula between the gallbladder and the duodenal bulb. Our patient was successfully treated by laparotomy, duodenotomy, extraction of the stone, cholecystectomy, and resection of the fistula in a one-stage surgical approach. Histopathological examination showed chronic and acute cholecystitis, with perforated ulceration of the duodenal wall and acute purulent inflammation of the surrounding fatty tissue. Four months prior to developing a gallstone ileus our patient had been hospitalized for cholecystitis, a large gallstone in the gallbladder, cholangitis and a small obstructing gallstone in the common biliary duct. She had been treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy, balloon extraction of the common biliary duct gallstone, and intravenous antibiotics. At the time of her first presentation, abdominal ultrasound and endoscopic examination (including esophagogastroduodenoscopy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography had not shown any evidence of a biliary enteral fistula. In the four months preceding the

EL TURISMO SUSTENTABLE EN EL ESTADO DE TAMAULIPAS, MÉXICO COMPLEJO TURISTICO SUSTENTABLE

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Ma. de Lourdes Arias Gómez

2013-06-01

Full Text Available El turismo sustentable es de gran importancia, tanto para la economía del país como para la persona que gusta del eco turismo. Asimismo, el turismo sustentable considera el cuidado del medio ambiente y la mejora de la población. El sur del estado de Tamaulipas cuenta con un sinnúmero de recursos naturales, tiene mar, playa, ríos, lagunas, manantiales, cenotes, montañas, flora, fauna, por ende, el turista podrá practicar surf, jetski, velero, rapel, ciclismo de montaña, buceo, espeleología, caminata, caza, pesca, observar aves, fotografía, entre muchas otras actividades. Por ese motivo, presentamos la propuesta de un complejo turístico sustentable “El sur mágico de Tamaulipas”, el cual cubre el circuito turístico del sur del estado, se propone la construcción de ocho cedes, distribuidos en los municipios del sur del estado. Los visitantes podrán hospedarse en dos o más cedes todo por un mismo precio. Por ser Tamaulipas parte de la huasteca, proponemos a los turistas la oportunidad de conocer las cuatro huastecas tamaulipeca, veracruzana, potosina e hidalguense. Consideramos que Tampico debe ser el centro del circuito, porque todos los lugares que seleccionamos están a no más de tres horas de distancia por carretera.

Increased penile expression of transforming growth factor and elevated systemic oxidative stress in rabbits with chronic partial bladder outlet obstruction.

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Lin, W-Y; Chang, P-J; Lin, Y-P; Wu, S-B; Chen, C-S; Levin, R M; Wei, Y-H

2012-02-01

There is a growing body of evidence to support the direct link between obstructive bladder dysfunction and erectile dysfunction (ED). However, there have been few pathophysiological studies to determine the relationship between lower urinary tract syndrome (LUTS) and ED. As the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) that induces the synthesis of collagen in the penile tissues is critical for the development of ED, the first aim of this study was to investigate the expression of TGF-β1 in the penis from male rabbits with chronic partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO). Besides, it has been suggested that oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathophysiological mechanism of ED. Thus, the second aim of this study was to further investigate whether the urinary or serum oxidative stress markers are involved in chronic PBOO-induced penile dysfunction. A total of 16 male New Zealand White rabbits were separated equally into four groups: a control group and PBOO groups obstructed for 2, 4 and 8 weeks respectively. Using the RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, a progressive increase of TGF-β1 in penis was found at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after obstruction. Moreover, the biomarkers for oxidative stress or oxidative damage were significantly detected in the penis of rabbits after PBOO, which include the enhancement of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in urine and plasma, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), as well as reduction of glutathione (GSH). On the basis of our results, the increase of TGF-β1 and elevated systemic oxidative stress may play key roles to contribute to penile dysfunction after chronic PBOO. © 2011 The Authors. International Journal of Andrology © 2011 European Academy of Andrology.

EL AMBIENTE Y EL DESARROLLO SUSTENTABLE EN LA CIUDAD LATINOAMERICANA

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Luis Alfonso Sandia Rondón

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El Desarrollo Sustentable constituye el paradigma actual dominante para orientar el desarrollo económico y social de la humanidad. A pesar del aparente acuerdo global acerca de su importancia, su aplicación práctica es de difícil instrumentación, especialmente en el medio urbano latinoamericano, donde son múltiples las brechas que separan la ciudad actual de la deseada ciudad sustentable. Algunos aspectos para el análisis de la ciudad, el ambiente y el desarrollo sustentable son discutidos en este artículo, en un intento por contribuir con la comprensión de la realidad urbana de la ciudad latinoamericana y las posibilidades de alcanzar su desarrollo sustentable.

Does bladder outlet obstruction affect distance between the ureteric orifices in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia?

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Cüneyt Özden

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Objectives: Many morphological changes occur in the bladder due to bladder outlet obstruction (BOO in pa-tients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH. In the present study we evaluated the relationship between in-terureteric distance (IUD of the orifices and BOO in BPH patients.Materials and methods: Thirty-seven consecutive pa-tients with lower urinary tract symptoms at the urology polyclinic included in the study. Patients divided into 2 groups according to maximal flow rate (Qmax. The first group constituted of 18 patients with Qmax 15ml/s. The IUD measurement was performed with Doppler ultrasonography.Results: There was no significant difference between the groups regarding mean age and prostate volume. Mean IUD in the first group was 32.7±5.4 mm and mean IUD in the second group was 31.5±5.1 mm. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the IUD.Conclusions: Data obtained from the study revealed that measurement of IUD with Doppler ultrasonography not significantly related to BOO.

An Assessment of Radiologically Inserted Transoral and Transgastric Gastroduodenal Stents to Treat Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction

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Miller, Bethany H. T., E-mail: bmiller@doctors.org.uk [Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery (United Kingdom); Griffiths, Ewen A., E-mail: Eagriffiths@doctors.org.uk [The New Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery (United Kingdom); Pursnani, Kishore G., E-mail: Kish.Pursnani@lthtr.nhs.uk; Ward, Jeremy B., E-mail: Jeremy.Ward@lthtr.nhs.uk [Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery (United Kingdom); Stockwell, Robert C., E-mail: Robert.Stockwell@lthtr.nhs.uk [Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Chorley and South Ribble Hospital, Department of Radiology (United Kingdom)

2013-12-15

IntroductionSelf-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) are used to palliate malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) and are useful in patients with limited life expectancy or severe medical comorbidity, which would preclude surgery. Stenting can be performed transorally or by a percutaneous transgastric technique. Our goal was to review the outcome of patients who underwent radiological SEMS insertion performed by a single consultant interventional radiologist. Methods: Patients were identified from a prospectively collected database held by one consultant radiologist. Data were retrieved from radiological reports, multidisciplinary team meetings, and the patients' case notes. Univariate survival analysis was performed. Results: Between December 2000 and January 2011, 100 patients (63 males, 37 females) had 110 gastroduodenal stenting procedures. Median age was 73 (range 39-89) years. SEMS were inserted transorally (n = 66) or transgastrically (n = 44). Site of obstruction was the stomach (n = 37), duodenum (n = 50), gastric pull-up (n = 10), or gastroenterostomy (n = 13). Seven patients required biliary stents. Technical success was 86.4 %: 83.3 % for transoral insertion, 90.9 % for transgastric insertion. Eleven patients developed complications. Median GOO severity score: 1 pre-stenting, 2 post-stenting (p = 0.0001). Median survival was 54 (range 1-624) days. Post-stenting GOO severity score was predictive of survival (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: The technical success rate for insertion of palliative SEMS is high. Insertional technique can be tailored to the individual depending on the location of the tumor and whether it is possible to access the stomach percutaneously. Patients who have successful stenting and return to eating a soft/normal diet have a statistically significant increase in survival.

An Assessment of Radiologically Inserted Transoral and Transgastric Gastroduodenal Stents to Treat Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction

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Miller, Bethany H. T.; Griffiths, Ewen A.; Pursnani, Kishore G.; Ward, Jeremy B.; Stockwell, Robert C.

2013-01-01

IntroductionSelf-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) are used to palliate malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) and are useful in patients with limited life expectancy or severe medical comorbidity, which would preclude surgery. Stenting can be performed transorally or by a percutaneous transgastric technique. Our goal was to review the outcome of patients who underwent radiological SEMS insertion performed by a single consultant interventional radiologist. Methods: Patients were identified from a prospectively collected database held by one consultant radiologist. Data were retrieved from radiological reports, multidisciplinary team meetings, and the patients’ case notes. Univariate survival analysis was performed. Results: Between December 2000 and January 2011, 100 patients (63 males, 37 females) had 110 gastroduodenal stenting procedures. Median age was 73 (range 39–89) years. SEMS were inserted transorally (n = 66) or transgastrically (n = 44). Site of obstruction was the stomach (n = 37), duodenum (n = 50), gastric pull-up (n = 10), or gastroenterostomy (n = 13). Seven patients required biliary stents. Technical success was 86.4 %: 83.3 % for transoral insertion, 90.9 % for transgastric insertion. Eleven patients developed complications. Median GOO severity score: 1 pre-stenting, 2 post-stenting (p = 0.0001). Median survival was 54 (range 1–624) days. Post-stenting GOO severity score was predictive of survival (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: The technical success rate for insertion of palliative SEMS is high. Insertional technique can be tailored to the individual depending on the location of the tumor and whether it is possible to access the stomach percutaneously. Patients who have successful stenting and return to eating a soft/normal diet have a statistically significant increase in survival

EL AMBIENTE Y EL DESARROLLO SUSTENTABLE EN LA CIUDAD LATINOAMERICANA

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Luis Alfonso Sandia Rondón

2009-01-01

El Desarrollo Sustentable constituye el paradigma actual dominante para orientar el desarrollo económico y social de la humanidad. A pesar del aparente acuerdo global acerca de su importancia, su aplicación práctica es de difícil instrumentación, especialmente en el medio urbano latinoamericano, donde son múltiples las brechas que separan la ciudad actual de la deseada ciudad sustentable. Algunos aspectos para el análisis de la ciudad, el ambiente y el desarrollo sustentable son discutidos en...

Noninvasive Methods to Evaluate Bladder Obstruction in Men

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Dean S. Elterman

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH commonly affect older men. Fifty percent of men in their sixties and 80% of men in their nineties will be affected. Many of these men will seek care for their bothersome symptoms and decreased quality of life. There is a poor association between LUTS and objective measures such as post void residual, voided volumes, or maximal flow. Pressure flow studies are considered the gold standard for detecting bladder outlet obstruction. These studies tend to be cumbersome, expensive, and have exposure to ionizing radiation. There are several techniques which may offer noninvasive methods of detecting bladder outlet obstruction (BOO in men.

Endoscopic management of unresectable malignant gastroduodenal obstruction with a nitinol uncovered metal stent: A prospective Japanese multicenter study

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Sasaki, Reina; Sakai, Yuji; Tsuyuguchi, Toshio; Nishikawa, Takao; Fujimoto, Tatsuya; Mikami, Shigeru; Sugiyama, Harutoshi; Yokosuka, Osamu

2016-01-01

AIM: To determine the safety and efficacy of endoscopic duodenal stent placement in patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction. METHODS: This prospective, observational, multicenter study included 39 consecutive patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction. All patients underwent endoscopic placement of a nitinol, uncovered, self-expandable metal stent. The primary outcome was clinical success at 2 wk after stent placement that was defined as improvement in the Gastric Outlet Obstruction Scoring System score relative to the baseline. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in all duodenal stent procedures. Procedure-related complications occurred in 4 patients (10.3%) in the form of mild pneumonitis. No other morbidities or mortalities were observed. The clinical success rate was 92.3%. The mean survival period after stent placement was 103 d. The mean period of stent patency was 149 d and the patency remained acceptable for the survival period. Stent dysfunction occurred in 3 patients (7.7%) on account of tumor growth. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic management using duodenal stents for patients with incurable malignant gastric outlet obstruction is safe and improved patients’ quality of life. PMID:27076769

Prostatic Cyst with Bladder Outlet Obstruction Symptoms. Case Report

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and 6th decade of life, although its incidence has increased at young ages related to individual sexual behaviors. The patients present with ... The patients were investigated with Uroflowmetry (obstructive patron) and abdominal ultrasonography (high post voiding residual). The abdominal ultrasonography revealed prostatic ...

Successful Emergency Endoscopic Treatment of Gastric Outlet Obstruction due to Gastric Bezoar with Gastric Pneumatosis

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Hirokazu Honda

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Gastric bezoars are rare and are usually found incidentally. They can sometimes cause severe complications, including gastric outlet obstruction (GOO or gastric pneumatosis (GP. In cases of bezoars with GP, the optimal treatment strategy has not yet been defined. We report the case of an 89-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension who presented to our emergency room with a 2-day history of upper abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Physical examination revealed no rebound tenderness or guarding, and laboratory values revealed no elevation of the serum lactate level. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed a dilated stomach with significant fluid collection, GOO, and GP due to a 42 × 40 mm mass composed of fat and air densities. Emergency esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed two gastric bezoars, one of which was incarcerated in the pyloric region. We used various endoscopic devices to successfully break and remove the bezoars. We used endoscopic forceps and a water jet followed by an endoscopic snare to cut the bezoars into several pieces and remove them with an endoscopic net. Follow-up endoscopy confirmed that the gastric bezoar had been completely removed. As seen in this case, endoscopic treatment may be a safe and viable option for the extraction of gastric bezoars presenting with GOO and GP.

Successful Emergency Endoscopic Treatment of Gastric Outlet Obstruction due to Gastric Bezoar with Gastric Pneumatosis.

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Honda, Hirokazu; Ikeya, Takashi; Kashiwagi, Erika; Okada, Shuichi; Fukuda, Katsuyuki

2017-01-01

Gastric bezoars are rare and are usually found incidentally. They can sometimes cause severe complications, including gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) or gastric pneumatosis (GP). In cases of bezoars with GP, the optimal treatment strategy has not yet been defined. We report the case of an 89-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension who presented to our emergency room with a 2-day history of upper abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Physical examination revealed no rebound tenderness or guarding, and laboratory values revealed no elevation of the serum lactate level. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed a dilated stomach with significant fluid collection, GOO, and GP due to a 42 × 40 mm mass composed of fat and air densities. Emergency esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed two gastric bezoars, one of which was incarcerated in the pyloric region. We used various endoscopic devices to successfully break and remove the bezoars. We used endoscopic forceps and a water jet followed by an endoscopic snare to cut the bezoars into several pieces and remove them with an endoscopic net. Follow-up endoscopy confirmed that the gastric bezoar had been completely removed. As seen in this case, endoscopic treatment may be a safe and viable option for the extraction of gastric bezoars presenting with GOO and GP.

Las desigualdades regionales del desarrollo sustentable en México, 2000-2005

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Andrés E. Miguel

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Analizar el comportamiento del desarrollo sustentable de las regiones de México del año 2000 al 2005 es el propósito del presente artículo; pues se considera que éste entrelaza el crecimiento, la equidad social y la conservación ecológica. Conforme al análisis se concluye que el desarrollo regional sustentable del país se está deteriorando con desigualdades y desequilibrios crecientes entre su economía, bienestar y medio ambiente. Para cuantificar el deterioro se utilizó, como indicador, el índice de desarrollo sustentable del agua.

Desafíos demográficos para un desarrollo sustentable. Declaración de Laxenburg sobre Población y Desarrollo Sustentable

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2012-01-01

Full Text Available Convencido de la necesidad de integrar los tres pilares del desarrollo sustentable -desarrollo económico, desarrollo social y protección del medio ambiente-, el Instituto Internacional de Análisis de Sistemas Aplicados (iiasa reunió a más de veinte expertos en población y desarrollo para discutir sobre cómo los factores poblacionales promueven o impiden un desarrollo sustentable. La reunión contó con el apoyo del Fondo de Población de Naciones Unidas y se llevó a cabo en las instalaciones de iiasa, en Viena, del 30 de septiembre al 1 de octubre de 2011. El panel de expertos propuso cinco acciones amplias que recomienda en el marco de la Conferencia Río+20 de Naciones Unidas sobre Desarrollo Sustentable. A continuación se incluyen sus conclusiones y recomendaciones.

Gastric outlet obstruction due to adenocarcinoma in a patient with Ataxia-Telangiectasia syndrome: a case report and review of the literature

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Hammond Sue

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Ataxia-Telangiectasia syndrome is characterized by progressive cerebellar dysfunction, conjuctival and cutaneous telangiectasias, severe immune deficiencies, premature aging and predisposition to cancer. Clinical and radiographic evaluation for malignancy in ataxia-telangiectasia patients is usually atypical, leading to delays in diagnosis. Case presentation We report the case of a 20 year old ataxia-telangiectasia patient with gastric adenocarcinoma that presented as complete gastric outlet obstruction. Conclusion A literature search of adenocarcinoma associated with ataxia-telangiectasia revealed 6 cases. All patients presented with non-specific gastrointestinal complaints suggestive of ulcer disease. Although there was no correlation between immunoglobulin levels and development of gastric adenocarcinoma, the presence of chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia seem to lead to the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. One should consider adenocarcinoma in any patient with ataxia-telangiectasia who presents with non-specific gastrointestinal complaints, since this can lead to earlier diagnosis.

Characteristics of the mechanosensitive bladder afferent activities in relation with microcontractions in male rats with bladder outlet obstruction.

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Aizawa, Naoki; Ichihara, Koji; Fukuhara, Hiroshi; Fujimura, Tetsuya; Andersson, Karl-Erik; Homma, Yukio; Igawa, Yasuhiko

2017-08-09

We investigated the characteristics of bladder mechanosensitive single-unit afferent activities (SAAs) in rats with a bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and their relationship with bladder microcontractions. Male Wistar rats were divided into Sham and BOO groups. Four or 10 days after the surgery, rats were anesthetized with urethane. The SAAs of Aδ- or C-fibers from the L6 dorsal roots were recorded during bladder filling. The BOO group showed a higher number of microcontractions and lower SAAs of Aδ-fibers compared with those of the Sham group. These findings were significant at day 10 post-operatively. In contrast, SAAs of C-fibers were not significantly different between the groups at either day 4 or 10. In the BOO group at day 10, the SAAs of both Aδ- and C-fibers at the "ascending" phase of microcontractions were significantly higher than those at the other phases (descending or stationary), and a similar tendency was also observed at day 4. Taken together, during bladder filling, the bladder mechanosensitive SAAs of Aδ-fibers were attenuated, but SAAs of both Aδ- and C-fibers were intermittently enhanced by propagation of microcontractions.

A Novel Partially Covered Self-Expandable Metallic Stent with Proximal Flare in Patients with Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction.

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Takahara, Naminatsu; Isayama, Hiroyuki; Nakai, Yousuke; Yoshida, Shuntaro; Saito, Tomotaka; Mizuno, Suguru; Yagioka, Hiroshi; Kogure, Hirofumi; Togawa, Osamu; Matsubara, Saburo; Ito, Yukiko; Yamamoto, Natsuyo; Tada, Minoru; Koike, Kazuhiko

2017-07-15

Endoscopic placement of self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) has emerged as a palliative treatment for malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). Although covered SEMSs can prevent tumor ingrowth, frequent migration of covered SEMSs may offset their advantages in preventing tumor ingrowth. We conducted this multicenter, single-arm, retrospective study at six tertiary referral centers to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a partially covered SEMS with an uncovered large-bore flare at the proximal end as an antimigration system in 41 patients with symptomatic malignant GOO. The primary outcome was clinical success, and the secondary outcomes were technical success, stent dysfunction, adverse events, and survival after stent placement. The technical and clinical success rates were 100% and 95%, respectively. Stent dysfunctions occurred in 17 patients (41%), including stent migration in nine (23%), tumor ingrowth in one (2%), and tumor overgrowth in four (10%). Two patients (5%) developed adverse events: one pancreatitis and one perforation. No procedure-related death was observed. A novel partially covered SEMS with a large-bore flare proximal end was safe and effective for malignant GOO but failed to prevent stent migration. Further research is warranted to develop a covered SEMS with an optimal antimigration system.

Outcomes of second self-expandable metallic stent insertion for malignant gastric outlet obstruction.

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Kim, Chan Gyoo; Choi, Il Ju; Lee, Jong Yeul; Cho, Soo-Jeong; Kim, Soo Jin; Kim, Mi-Jung; Park, Sook Ryun; Park, Young Lee

2014-01-01

Self-expandable metallic stents are used widely to relieve malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). However, restenosis or migration of first stents is a frequent complication. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the effectiveness of second stents as an approach to manage failure of first stents in patients with malignant GOO. A total of 222 patients with gastric cancer received first stents due to inoperable GOO at National Cancer Center in Korea between January 2008 and June 2011. Monthly follow-up interviews were performed, and second stents (stent-in-stent or stent-after-migration) were inserted in 59 patients by June 2012. Technical and clinical successes and long-term complications were evaluated. The technical and immediate clinical success rates were 98.3 % (58/59) and 91.5 % (54/59), respectively. Patients who received a second stent due to late complications involving the first stent (migration, restenosis, and fracture) showed a higher clinical success rate (95.8 % [46/48]) than patients who received a second stent due to immediate clinical failure of the first stent (72.7 % [8/11], p = 0.04). The immediate clinical success rate of stent-after-migration (100 % [11/11]) was not different from that of stent-in-stent (89.6 % [43/48], p = 1.0). The stent dysfunction rate of stent-after-migration (27.3 % [3/11]) also was similar to that of stent-in-stent (29.2 % [14/48], p = 1.0). The median patencies of stent-in-stent and stent-after-migration were 27.4 and 58.4 weeks, respectively (p = 0.177). There were no significant prognostic factors for patency of second stents. Insertion of a second stent is effective for treating the first-stent failure in gastric cancer patients with GOO, especially if the immediate outcome of the first stent was successful.

Predictors of outcomes in patients undergoing covered and uncovered self-expandable metal stent placement for malignant gastric outlet obstruction: a multicenter study.

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Hori, Yasuki; Naitoh, Itaru; Hayashi, Kazuki; Ban, Tesshin; Natsume, Makoto; Okumura, Fumihiro; Nakazawa, Takahiro; Takada, Hiroki; Hirano, Atsuyuki; Jinno, Naruomi; Togawa, Shozo; Ando, Tomoaki; Kataoka, Hiromi; Joh, Takashi

2017-02-01

Uncovered self-expandable metal stents (U-SEMSs) and covered self-expandable metal stents (C-SEMSs) are available for palliative therapy for malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). However, clinical differences and indications between the 2 types of SEMSs have not been elucidated. We retrospectively compared 126 patients with U-SEMS and 126 patients with C-SEMSs with regard to clinical outcome and factors predictive of clinical improvement after SEMSs placement. No significant difference was observed between the U-SEMS and C-SEMS groups with respect to technical success, clinical success, GOO score, or time to stent dysfunction. Stent migration was significantly more frequent in patients with C-SEMSs (U-SEMSs, .79%; C-SEMSs, 8.73%; P = .005). Karnofsky performance status, chemotherapy, peritoneal dissemination, and stent expansion ≤ 30% were associated significantly with poor GOO score improvement in multivariable analyses, but stent type was not (P = .213). In subgroup analyses, insufficient (≤30%) stent expansion was an independent factor in patients with U-SEMSs (P = .041) but not C-SEMSs. In the insufficient stent expansion subgroup, C-SEMSs was associated significantly with superior clinical improvement compared with U-SEMSs (P = .01). Insufficient stent expansion was observed more frequently in patients with GI obstruction because of anastomotic sites or metastatic cancer (44.8% [13/29], P = .001). No clinical difference, apart from stent migration, was observed between patients with U-SEMSs and C-SEMSs. GI obstruction because of an anastomotic site or metastatic cancer may be an indication for C-SEMS use to improve oral intake after SEMSs placement. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Is transition zone index useful in assessing bladder outflow obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia?: A prospective study

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S L Sailo

2006-01-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Benign prostatic enlargement (BPE is the commonest cause of bladder outlet obstruction in men above 50 years of age. Though pressure-flow study is the gold standard in establishing outlet obstruction, it is associated with definite morbidity. Several noninvasive parameters are described to diagnose outlet obstruction due to BPE and evaluate treatment efficacy. AIM: We studied the role of transitional zone index (TZI in assessing bladder outlet obstruction (BOO due to BPE. SETTING AND DESIGN: Prospective hospital-based cross-sectional diagnostic study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five men aged between 50 and 77 years with untreated lower urinary tract symptoms due to BPE were studied. Patients with prostate cancer, prostatitis, active UTI urethral stricture, neurovesical dysfunction and diabetes mellitus were excluded. All patients underwent a standard assessment using the American Urological Association (AUA symptom score, uroflow, pressure-flow (PF study and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS estimation of TZI. Investigators undertaking PF studies and TRUS were blinded to the investigation of others. From the PF studies, Abrams Griffith (AG number was calculated. Based on this, patients were grouped into obstructed (AG>40 and unobstructed (AG< 40 groups. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: TZI was calculated and compared with PF studies using Mann-Whitney U test, logistic regression analysis and receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC. RESULTS: The mean age was 63.2 years (SD. The mean AUA scores and peak flow rate were 16.7 and 7.5 ml/sec, respectively. Of the 35 men, 21 were obstructed and 14 were unobstructed. TZI was not significantly different between the two groups, while the differences in age, AUA symptom score, prostate volume and TZ volume were statistically significant. Logistic regression model did not show any independent effect of TZI in predicting obstruction. ROC curve showed a poor overall accuracy in diagnosing obstruction due

Desarrollo sustentable: fundamentos, perspectivas y limitaciones

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Badii, M. H.

2004-07-01

Full Text Available Se explican la filosofía, las nociones y los conceptos fundamentales del desarrollo sustentable, y enfatizan los desastres socioeconómicos, políticos e ecológicos que amenazan seriamente a la humanidad entera. Contrastan las diferencias abismales entre los países desarrollados y los país pobres y en vía de desarrollo. Se mencionan los intentos fallidos del ser humano conciente desde 1972 (la Declaración de Estocolmo al tratar de buscar salidas a los problemas ambientales y enfatizan los intereses de los conglomerados superpoderosos como obstáculos al progreso del desarrollo sustentable. Se mencionan los indicadores de sustentabilidad y también los índices con énfasis sobre la estimación de los factores de educación, salud, pobreza, medioambiente e ecología. Se define el concepto de la biodiversidad y los modelos matemáticos de uso actual para su estimación.

Safety and benefits of self-expandable metallic stents with chemotherapy for malignant gastric outlet obstruction.

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Miyabe, Katsuyuki; Hayashi, Kazuki; Nakazawa, Takahiro; Sano, Hitoshi; Yamada, Tomonori; Takada, Hiroki; Naitoh, Itaru; Shimizu, Shuya; Kondo, Hiromu; Nishi, Yuji; Yoshida, Michihiro; Umemura, Shuichiro; Hori, Yasuki; Kato, Akihisa; Ohara, Hirotaka; Joh, Takashi

2015-07-01

The influence of chemotherapy on placement of self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) for malignant gastric outlet obstruction (MGOO) has not been evaluated extensively. We investigated the influence of chemotherapy on the clinical outcomes of SEMS placement for MGOO. A total of 152 cancer patients with MGOO from a university hospital and affiliate hospitals were included. The patients were classified according to chemotherapy status and evaluated for palliative efficacy and safety of SEMS placement. Technical success rate, time to oral intake, and parameters indicating improvement of physical condition did not differ between the with- and without-chemotherapy groups after stent placement. Re-intervention and stent migration were significantly more frequent in the with-chemotherapy group than in the without-chemotherapy group after stent placement (re-intervention, 32.4% vs 7.8%, P = 0.0005; stent migration, 13.5% vs 1.7%, P = 0.0097). The frequency of adverse events did not differ between the with- and without-chemotherapy groups. Although chemotherapy after stent placement was an independent predictive factor for shortening the stent patency period (hazard ratio [HR], 3.10; P = 0.0264), the use of additional stents facilitated uneventful recovery and further prolonged survival time (HR, 0.60; P = 0.0132). Various cancer patients with MGOO can undergo SEMS placement safely regardless of chemotherapy, and concurrent chemotherapy after stent placement can prolong survival time, although re-intervention and stent migration may be increased. © 2015 The Authors. Digestive Endoscopy © 2015 Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society.

Urethral duplication with unusual cause of bladder outlet obstruction

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Vivek Venkatramani

2016-01-01

Full Text Available A 12-year-old boy presented with poor flow and recurrent urinary tract infections following hypospadias repair at the age of 3 years. The evaluation revealed urethral duplication with a hypoplastic dorsal urethra and patent ventral urethra. He also had duplication of the bladder neck, and on voiding cystourethrogram the ventral bladder neck appeared hypoplastic and compressed by the dorsal bladder neck during voiding. The possibility of functional obstruction of the ventral urethra by the occluded dorsal urethra was suspected, and he underwent a successful urethro-urethrostomy.

Comparison on the Efficacy between Partially Covered Self-Expandable Metal Stent with Funnel-Shaped Enlarged Head versus Uncovered Self-Expandable Metal Stent for Palliation of Gastric Outlet Obstruction

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Jung Wan Choe

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Background. Shape modification has been one of the methods adopted to improve stent patency but has not always translated into positive outcome. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of shape-modified partially covered self-expandable metal stent (SEMS that has enlarged head versus uncovered SEMS for palliation of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO. Methods. A total of 48 patients underwent insertion of either enlarged-head SEMS (n=24 or uncovered SEMS (uSEMS (n=24 for palliation of GOO from July 2009 to July 2016. Patients with inoperable or advanced malignancy were included. Technical feasibility and clinical outcomes were compared. Results. Technical success rate was 100% (24/24 and 95.8% (23/24 for enlarged-head SEMS group and uSEMS group, respectively. Clinical success rate was 87.5% (21/24 and 87.0% (20/23 for enlarged-head SEMS group and uSEMS group, respectively. The gastric outlet obstruction scoring system score significantly improved in both groups (p<0.001 for both. Mean survival was similar between the groups: enlarged-head SEMS group, 99.3 days (range, 19–358 days versus uSEMS group, 82.1 days (range, 11–231 days (p=0.418. The mean stent patency also showed no difference between the groups: enlarged-head SEMS group, 87.1 days (range, 8–358 days versus uSEMS group, 60.4 days (range, 2–231 days (p=0.204. With enlarged-head SEMS, distal migration did not occur, but proximal migration was observed in four cases. Conclusions. Distal migration was prevented by shaping the SEMS to have an enlarged head, but improvement in stent patency could not be observed.

Las Ecoetiquetas: en el Turismo Sustentable

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María de Lourdes Moo-Canul

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El deterioro medioambiental y la nece sidad de dar veracidad en materia de sustentabilidad, ha dado origen a meca nismos de mercado como son las normas, certificaciones y ecoetiquetas. El uso y evolución de estas últimas ha generado preocupaciones con base en su efectividad, por lo que la creación de los Criterios Globales de Turismo Sustentable busca asegurar y dar transparencia en la selección de alguna. El desarrollo susten table no está alcanzado, aún existen lagunas en su aplicación. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis documental y se presenta una síntesis que aborda la evol ución de las ecoetiquetas, la creación de una acreditadora internacional y las laguna s que persisten en la sustentabilidad. En el marco institucional se ha puesto interés en estos instrumentos, lo que originó la generación de criterios in ternacionales; buscando tener una base homologada sobre los requerimientos del desarrollo sustentable.

La conversión social de Santa Mónica en una ciudad sustentable

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Guillermo Ibarra

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Santa Mónica, California, inició su transición hacia un sistema de planeación urbana sustentable a finales de la década de 1970, continuándolo hasta la actualidad. El punto de partida del fenómeno fue un movimiento ciudadano surgido en 1978, que se consolidó en 1981 como la principal fuerza política local, al obtener Por Primera vez la mayoría de los asientos en el Consejo de la Ciudad. Este trabajo analiza los factores propulsores del plan local de desarrollo sustentable en Santa Mónica. Asimismo, explica cómo se estructuró el andamiaje político que fue eficaz para traducir la negociación de los diferentes actores sociales entre los paradigmas de la competitividad urbana y el de desarrollo sustentable con justicia social. Se concluye que una ciudad sustentable es un ente social en medio de permanente conflicto y negociación, y que su éxito depende del compromiso y habilidad de los ciudadanos y las instituciones de gobierno para darles curso.

Blebbistain, a myosin II inhibitor, as a novel strategy to regulate detrusor contractility in a rat model of partial bladder outlet obstruction.

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Xinhua Zhang

Full Text Available Partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO, a common urologic pathology mostly caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia, can coexist in 40-45% of patients with overactive bladder (OAB and is associated with detrusor overactivity (DO. PBOO that induces DO results in alteration in bladder myosin II type and isoform composition. Blebbistatin (BLEB is a myosin II inhibitor we recently demonstrated potently relaxed normal detrusor smooth muscle (SM and reports suggest varied BLEB efficacy for different SM myosin (SMM isoforms and/or SMM vs nonmuscle myosin (NMM. We hypothesize BLEB inhibition of myosin II as a novel contraction protein targeted strategy to regulate DO. Using a surgically-induced male rat PBOO model, organ bath contractility, competitive and Real-Time-RT-PCR were performed. It was found that obstructed-bladder weight significantly increased 2.74-fold while in vitro contractility of detrusor to various stimuli was impaired ∼50% along with decreased shortening velocity. Obstruction also altered detrusor spontaneous activities with significantly increased amplitude but depressed frequency. PBOO switched bladder from a phasic-type to a more tonic-type SM. Expression of 5' myosin heavy chain (MHC alternatively spliced isoform SM-A (associated with tonic-type SM increased 3-fold while 3' MHC SM1 and essential light chain isoform MLC(17b also exhibited increased relative expression. Total SMMHC expression was decreased by 25% while the expression of NMM IIB (SMemb was greatly increased by 4.5-fold. BLEB was found to completely relax detrusor strips from both sham-operated and PBOO rats pre-contracted with KCl, carbachol or electrical field stimulation although sensitivity was slightly decreased (20% only at lower doses for PBOO. Thus we provide the first thorough characterization of the response of rat bladder myosin to PBOO and demonstrate complete BLEB-induced PBOO bladder SM relaxation. Furthermore, the present study provides valuable

Obstrução da via de saída de ventrículo esquerdo por prótese mitral: apresentação de seis casos Obstruction of the left ventricle outlet by mitral valve prosthesis: report of six cases

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Pablo M. A Pomerantzeff

1990-08-01

Full Text Available De janeiro de 1982 a março de 1984, foram implantadas 170 biopróteses de pericárdio bovino e alto perfil, no Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, com mortalidade hospitalar de 7,1%. Através do estudo anatomopatológico, foram identificados cinco casos em que ocorreu obstrução da via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo após substituição da valva mitral. Com base nessa experiência, a indicação de estudo hemodinâmico no 1º dia de pós-operatório em paciente em baixo débito, sem explicação, possibilitou identificar obstrução da via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo, com retroca valvar e boa evolução. Neste trabalho, são relatados detalhadamente os seis casos e discutidas as causas da obstrução da via de saída na substituição mitral.From January/1982 to March/1984, 170 high profile bovine pericardium bioprostheses were implanted in the INCOR (Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP. Hospital mortality amongst these patients was 7.1%. Anatomopathological studies identified five cases in which obstruction of the left ventricle outlet occurred after substitution of the mitral valve. Based on this experience, the indication of a hemodynamic study on the first postoperative day of a patient with an unexplained low cardiac output made it possible to identify obstruction of the left ventricle valve outlet in such patients, with resubstitution of the valve and a satisfactory evolution of the case. In this report we relate the six cases in detail and discuss the causes of the obstruction of the outlet in mitral valve substitutions.

Outlet obstruction constipation (anismus) managed by biofeedback.

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Kawimbe, B M; Papachrysostomou, M; Binnie, N R; Clare, N; Smith, A N

1991-10-01

Fifteen subjects presenting with intractable constipation due to obstructive defecation, mean (SEM) duration 8.8 (1.8) years, had the inappropriate contraction and electromyographic changes in the pelvic floor muscles and external and sphincter typical of this condition. An electromyographically derived index was used to grade its severity. A self applied biofeedback device was used to allow electromyographic recording of the abnormal external anal sphincter. The subjects were encouraged to reduce the abnormal electromyographic activity on straining after instruction and training. The procedure was intended as a relearning process in which the non-relaxing activity of the pelvic floor was gradually suppressed. Biofeedback training was maintained on a domiciliary basis for a mean time of 3.1 weeks and resulted in a significant reduction in the anismus index (mean (SEM) 69.9 (7.8)% before biofeedback, mean 14 (3.9)% after biofeedback, p less than 0.01). There was an associated reduction in the time spent straining at stool and in the difficulty of defecation and an increased frequency of defecation. Defecatory video proctograms in six subjects showed improvements in the anorectal angle during straining and evacuation. The clinical benefit to the patients persisted after a mean follow up of 6.2 months.

¿Es posible el desarrollo sustentable en la minería?

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Juan M. Montero-Peñá

2003-01-01

Se analiza de forma crítica el concepto de desarrollo sustentable y se plantean las limitaciones de éste para tratar las realidades de los países en vías de desarrollo y su incapacidad para ofrecer una metodología que permita evaluar actividades económicas concretas, como es el caso de la minería. En este sentido se hace un análisis del desarrollo sustentable en la minería y se propone un concepto alternativo de desarrollo para esta actividad.

Las desigualdades regionales del desarrollo sustentable en México, 2000-2005

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Andrés E. Miguel; Julio C. Torres; Pedro Maldonado; Juan Carlos Robles

2011-01-01

Analizar el comportamiento del desarrollo sustentable de las regiones de México del año 2000 al 2005 es el propósito del presente artículo; pues se considera que éste entrelaza el crecimiento, la equidad social y la conservación ecológica. Conforme al análisis se concluye que el desarrollo regional sustentable del país se está deteriorando con desigualdades y desequilibrios crecientes entre su economía, bienestar y medio ambiente. Para cuantificar el deterioro se utilizó, como indicador, el í...

HOTELES DE TRELEW (CHUBUT, ARGENTINA) HACIA EL DESARROLLO SUSTENTABLE DE LA ACTIVIDAD CON RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL

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Ana M. Gómez; María Elena Sendín

2008-01-01

El trabajo se enmarca en el Proyecto de Investigación “Hotelería Sustentable en la Ciudad de Trelew, Provincia del Chubut, República Argentina” cuyo objetivo general es diseñar un sistema de Administración para la hotelería de Trelew, que viabilice su gestión en el marco del desarrollo sustentable de la actividad hotelera. Como hipótesis de trabajo se supuso que la hotelería estaría en condiciones de tener una gestión sustentable cuando demostrara poseer una cultura empresarial dirigida al...

Outcomes of endoscopically inserted self-expandable metal stents in malignancy according to the type of stent and the site of obstruction.

Science.gov (United States)

Jung, Kyoungwon; Ahn, Ji Yong; Jung, Hwoon-Yong; Cho, Charles J; Na, Hee Kyong; Jung, Kee Wook; Lee, Jeong Hoon; Kim, Do Hoon; Choi, Kee Don; Song, Ho June; Lee, Gin Hyug; Kim, Jin-Ho

2016-09-01

Self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) can be used for the palliation of malignant obstruction in the upper gastrointestinal tract. This study assessed the feasibility and efficacy of endoscopically inserted SEMSs for the palliation of malignant obstruction in the stomach and duodenum. Between January 2011 and April 2014, 220 patients with gastric or duodenal obstruction due to malignancy underwent endoscopic SEMS insertion at Asan Medical Center. The associations of technical/clinical outcomes and complications with the type of stent and site of obstruction were analyzed. The 220 patients included 125 men (56.8 %) and 95 women (43.2 %); median patient age was 63 years. Fully covered, partially covered, and uncovered SEMSs were inserted into 16, 77, and 120 patients, respectively. Obstructions were located in the gastric outlet, including the duodenal bulb, in 106 patients, and in the duodenal second and third portions in 114 patients. Technical success was achieved in 213 of 220 patients (96.8 %) and clinical success in 184 of 213 (86.4 %). Clinical success rates were similar to the type of stent, but were significantly greater for gastric outlet (95/104, 91.3 %) than for duodenal (89/109, 81.7 %) obstructions (p = 0.039). Stent migration was observed in 20 patients (9.1 %) and stent obstruction in 51 (23.2 %). Rates of stent migration were significantly higher for fully covered (6/16, 37.5 %) than for partially covered (7/77, 9.1 %) and uncovered (7/120, 5.8 %) SEMSs (p stent obstruction were similar for fully covered (2/16, 12.5 %), partially covered (17/77, 22.1 %), and uncovered (32/120, 26.7 %) SEMSs (p = 0.409) and in patients with gastric outlet (26/104, 25.0 %) and duodenal (25/109, 22.9 %) obstruction (p = 0.724). SEMS selection for malignant obstruction of the upper gastrointestinal tract depends on the site of obstruction.

Una taxonomía de modelos de desarrollo sustentable

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Darcy Tetreault

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Este ensayo pretende ayudar a desenmarañar una parte del discurso sobre desarrollo sustentable mediante la construcción de una taxonomía de modelos de desarrollo sustentable. La misma taxonomía se basa en una revisión literaria extensiva que en cierta medida privilegia la experiencia mexicana. De este modo, el ensayo presenta y compara tanto modelos normativos como positivos. Los modelos incluidos son el modelo dominante, el cual corresponde con la estrategia esbozada en el Informe Bruntland y Agenda 21; la ecología política, un modelo desarrollado por el economista francés Alain Lipietz; el modelo comunitario de desarrollo sustentable, cuyas raíces se encuentran en una escuela de pensamiento de la década de los setenta conocida como el “otro desarrollo”; el comercio justo, una experiencia cuyas raíces se encuentran en las comunidades indígenas de Oaxaca; la producción forestal industrial comunitaria, que ha sido puesta en práctica por varias comunidades forestales en el sur y el centro del país; el activismo ambiental, sobre todo respecto a los con- fl ictos locales que giran en torno al control de los recursos naturales; y la conservación basada en la comunidad, cuya manifestación principal es la reserva de la biosfera

Drenagem urbana sustentável : análise do uso do retrofit

OpenAIRE

Christofidis, Hugo do Vale

2013-01-01

A presente dissertação demonstrou que a drenagem urbana sustentável é uma componente importante na busca da sustentabilidade do ambiente urbano e que o Retrofit é uma ferramenta eficiente para alcançar esse objetivo. Para tanto foi apresentada uma metodologia de Retrofit de infraestrutura urbana que permite adaptar sistemas de drenagem urbana tradicionais em sistemas sustentáveis. Essa metodologia foi desenvolvida por uma organização não-governamental (ONG) americana e foram propostas algumas...

Determinantes de la Innovación Sustentable de las Empresas Ecuatorianas

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Cynthia Lizbeth Román Bermeo

2017-06-01

protección ambiental aplicando técnicas de innovación sustentable. La innovación sustentable en las empresas radica en la necesidad de reducir los gases de efecto invernadero (GEI principales causantes de los efectos del cambio climático en el planeta. Los acuerdos para reducir los GEI alcanzados en la Conferencia de las Partes (COP en Paris en el año 2015, pusieron de manifiesto la urgencia que tienen las empresas y los gobiernos en redefinir sus estrategias empresariales. La redefinición de estrategias en las empresas no son sencillas, ya que, dependen del nivel de acción del gobierno ante la implementación de políticas públicas que incentiven, regulen y promueven la dinámica de los mercados. Por tanto, es importante analizar el nivel de vulnerabilidad que las empresas tienen por el cambio climático, de esta manera proponer estrategias de resilencia para la supervivencia de las empresas ecuatorianas en el largo plazo. A partir del uso de información de la encuesta de información ambiental económica de las empresas y mediante el uso de un modelo de Probit se identifica las principales determinantes que las empresas tienen para desarrollar estrategias de innovación sustentable. El tamaño de la empresa, y pertenecer a los sectores de Explotación de Minas y Manufacturas son determinantes al momento de realizar estrategias de innovación sustentable.

Critical appraisal of the Spanner™ prostatic stent in the treatment of prostatic obstruction

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McKenzie, Patrick; Badlani, Gopal

2011-01-01

Patrick McKenzie1, Gopal Badlani11Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC, USAAbstract: The Spanner™ stent was first used in patients to relieve bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), and has recently been used in patients following transurethral microwave thermotherapy and men unfit for surgical intervention. We review the current literature on the role of the Spanner stent in treating prostatic obstruction compared to previously reported cases...

Non-invasive clinical parameters for the prediction of urodynamic bladder outlet obstruction: analysis using causal Bayesian networks.

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Myong Kim

Full Text Available To identify non-invasive clinical parameters to predict urodynamic bladder outlet obstruction (BOO in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH using causal Bayesian networks (CBN.From October 2004 to August 2013, 1,381 eligible BPH patients with complete data were selected for analysis. The following clinical variables were considered: age, total prostate volume (TPV, transition zone volume (TZV, prostate specific antigen (PSA, maximum flow rate (Qmax, and post-void residual volume (PVR on uroflowmetry, and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS. Among these variables, the independent predictors of BOO were selected using the CBN model. The predictive performance of the CBN model using the selected variables was verified through a logistic regression (LR model with the same dataset.Mean age, TPV, and IPSS were 6.2 (±7.3, SD years, 48.5 (±25.9 ml, and 17.9 (±7.9, respectively. The mean BOO index was 35.1 (±25.2 and 477 patients (34.5% had urodynamic BOO (BOO index ≥40. By using the CBN model, we identified TPV, Qmax, and PVR as independent predictors of BOO. With these three variables, the BOO prediction accuracy was 73.5%. The LR model showed a similar accuracy (77.0%. However, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the CBN model was statistically smaller than that of the LR model (0.772 vs. 0.798, p = 0.020.Our study demonstrated that TPV, Qmax, and PVR are independent predictors of urodynamic BOO.

Las redes interinstitucionales en la reconversión agropecuaria sustentable en Colombia

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Santiago Manuel Sáenz Torres

2008-07-01

Full Text Available cada vez más creciente degradación de los recursos naturales por la agricultura convencional en la zona andina obliga a la reconversión del agro hacia agroecosistemas sustentables. En Colombia, existe una gran preocupación por los efectos negativos de la acción antrópica sobre agua, suelos y biodiversidad, de ahí la presencia activa de un gran número de instituciones las cuales trabajan desde diferentes ángulos a favor de la preservación de estos recursos y para la promoción de prácticas de agricultura sustentable. Sin embargo, ese gran aparato institucional que posee amplios recursos humanos, presupuestales y herramientas físicas y virtuales, no está contribuyendo significativamente en los procesos de reconversión agrícola sustentable, debido una total desarticulación y una inexistente gestión de redes institucionales. Se efectuó una exploración de todo el sistema institucional, con énfasis en la región centroandina de Colombia, encontrándose una serie de debilidades y oportunidades que con apoyo político pueden permitir la formulación de estrategias para una adecuada optimización de recursos e investigación, conformando verdaderas redes de innovación para elevar el aporte institucional a los procesos de reconversión agrícola sustentable.

Estudo da aplicabilidade dos conceitos da manufatura sustentável no rerrefino de óleos lubrificantes usados

OpenAIRE

Machado, Carla Gonçalves [UNESP

2011-01-01

Diante das novas demandas em prol do desenvolvimento sustentável, é comum ouvir as empresas falando em produtos sustentáveis, em produção verde. Mas para que essas afirmações sejam realidade existe a necessidade urgente de que as empresas compreendam e incorporem a visão da sustentabilidade aos seus negócios. O objetivo dessa dissertação é apresentar e relacionar os princípios e escopo da Manufatura Sustentável, alinhando-os aos indicadores do Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), demonstrando a...

Indicadores regionales de desarrollo sustentable en Chile: ¿Hasta qué punto son útiles y necesarios?

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Hernán Blanco

2001-09-01

Full Text Available Cada vez más necesitamos maneras de asegurar patrones de desarrollo que sean sustentables, es decir, que sean ambiental, social y económicamente apropiados para nosotros y para las generaciones venideras. Los indicadores de desarrollo sustentable son una herramienta promisoria que permitiría "aterrizar" el concepto de sustentabilidad, apoyando la manera en que se toman las decisiones. En Chile existen pocas experiencias sobre el tema. Este artículo presenta el trabajo realizado para desarrollar indicadores de desarrollo sustentable en cuatro regiones del país. El artículo se centra en las lecciones que han surgido de la experiencia

Decline of seminal parameters in middle-aged males is associated with lower urinary tract symptoms, prostate enlargement and bladder outlet obstruction

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Kristo Ausmees

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Purpose We aimed to compare the associations between semen quality, associated reproductive indicators and the main prostate-related parameters in middle-aged men. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study on 422 middle-aged men who underwent the screening for prostate health. Their reproductive function, semen quality and prostate-related pathologies were investigated. Results Significant associations between semen quality and prostate-related parameters could be seen. Total sperm count and sperm density decreased along with the increase of the I-PSS score and total prostate volume. Also, the related lower urinary tract characteristics showed a negative correlation with main semen parameters for all investigated subjects. No significant differences in age, testicular size, and hormonal parameters were found between the subjects with or without lower urinary tract symptoms and prostate enlargement. Conclusions Our study suggests that altered seminal parameters in middle-aged men are associated with LUTS, prostate enlargement and/or bladder outlet obstruction. Although the assessments of prostate and lower urinary tract symptoms may not replace the semen parameters evaluating the male reproductive status, there is a need for further and more detailed investigations about the pathways behind these associations as well as possible related conditions.

The role of intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) in the evaluation and treatment of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO).

Science.gov (United States)

Kuo, Tricia L C; Teo, Jonathan S M; Foo, K T

2016-04-01

Intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) may be an underutilized modality for the assessment of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Pressure flow studies or urodynamics have long been the gold standard for the evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men but are invasive, time-consuming and costly. Potentially, IPP may be a useful adjunct prior to performing urodynamics. Measurement of IPP is taken in the sagittal view, using the transabdominal ultrasound. It is the vertical height from the tip of the protrusion to the base of the prostate. This technique was previously described. We reviewed previous publications that studied the accuracy, positive predictive value and clinical use of IPP. In addition, we noted the comments regarding the challenges of using this technique. IPP has been shown to have a positive predictive value of 72% for BOO. It has been calculated to have an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.71 and 0.84 in some stuies. Clinically, it may be used to predict the outcome of a trial without catheter following acute retention of urine. Patients with higher IPP grade were noted to have a higher risk of clinical progression. Studies have also shown that men with higher IPP are poorer responders to medical treatment such as α-blockers. Compared to other modalities, the advantage of IPP in assessing BOO may be its easy applicability and non-invasive nature. Therefore, there is a consideration for a larger role of IPP in bedside assessment and management of BOO in daily practice. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:535-537, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

La vivienda: un sistema técnico sustentable

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Rincón González, Carlos Eduardo

2008-01-01

El problema de la vivienda en los países del tercermundo presenta múltiples aristas, el presenteensayo pretende abordar el asunto de manerasistémica, para trascender las miradas parcialespropias de la modernidad y la postmodernidady ofrecer una mirada integral para concebir,analizar e intervenir la vivienda como sistematécnico apropiado o sustentable.

Double Outlet Right Ventricle

Science.gov (United States)

... Right Ventricle Menu Topics Topics FAQs Double Outlet Right Ventricle Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a rare form of congenital heart disease. En español Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a rare form of congenital ...

Management of post-gastrectomy anastomosis site obstruction with a self-expandable metallic stent.

Science.gov (United States)

Cha, Ra Ri; Lee, Sang Soo; Kim, Hyunjin; Kim, Hong Jun; Kim, Tae-Hyo; Jung, Woon Tae; Lee, Ok Jae; Bae, Kyung Soo; Jeong, Sang-Ho; Ha, Chang Yoon

2015-04-28

Post-gastrectomy anastomosis site obstruction is a relatively rare complication after a subtotal gastrectomy. We present a case of a 75-year-old man who underwent a truncal vagotomy, omental patch, gastrojejunostomy, and Braun anastomosis for duodenal ulcer perforation and a gastric outlet obstruction. Following the 10(th) postoperative day, the patient complained of abdominal discomfort and vomiting. We diagnosed post-gastrectomy anastomosis site obstruction by an upper gastrointestinal series and an upper endoscopic examination. We inserted a self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) at the anastomosis site. The stent was fully expanded after deployment. On the day following the stent insertion, the patient began to eat, and his abdominal discomfort was resolved. This paper describes the successful management of post-gastrectomy anastomosis site obstruction with temporary placement of a SEMS.

A reserva de desenvolvimento sustentável Mamirauá

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Helder L. Queiroz

2005-08-01

Full Text Available AS UNIDADES de conservação ainda são um dos instrumentos mais eficientes na promoção da proteção e conservação da biodiversidade na Amazônia. As unidades de uso sustentável têm se mostrado cada vez mais importantes no cenário atual. Dentre os modelos propostos hoje para criação e gestão destas unidades, o Modelo de Reservas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável mostra-se viável e bastante bem-sucedido. Neste trabalho são apresentados os aspectos mais centrais da formulação deste modelo e exemplos oriundos do seu principal representante, a Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (RDSM, além de considerações acerca do sucesso e validação desse modelo por meio de sua replicação para outras áreas na Amazônia.PROTECTED areas are still one of the most effective tools to promote bio-diversity protection and conservation in the Amazon. The importance of protected areas of sustainable use in the present scenario is increasing. Among the proposed conservation models for protected areas of sustainable use, the Sustainable Development Reserve Model is not only viable, but extremely successful. In the present paper the main aspects of such model are presented, with some illustration from it most well known representative, the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve (MSDR, and with some discussion regarding the success and validation of the model through its replication for other sites in the Amazon.

Overexpression of Aquaporin-1 and Caveolin-1 in the Rat Urinary Bladder Urothelium Following Bladder Outlet Obstruction

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Sun-Ouck Kim

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Purpose This study was designed to investigate the effect of detrusor overactivity induced by partial bladder outlet obstruction (BOO on the expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1 and caveolin 1 (CAV1 in the rat urinary bladder, and to determine the role of these molecules in detrusor overactivity. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (n=30 and experimental (n=30 groups. The BOO group underwent partial BOO, and the control group underwent a sham operation. After 4 weeks, an urodynamic study was performed to measure the contraction interval and contraction pressure. The expression and cellular localization of AQP1 and CAV1 were determined by western blot and immunofluorescence experiments in the rat urinary bladder. Results In cystometrograms, the contraction interval was significantly lower in the BOO group (2.9±1.5 minutes than in the control group (6.7±1.0 minutes (P<0.05. Conversely, the average contraction pressure was significantly higher in the BOO group (21.2±3.3 mmHg than in the control group (13.0±2.5 mmHg (P<0.05. AQP1 and CAV1 were coexpressed in the capillaries, arterioles, and venules of the suburothelial layer. AQP1 and CAV1 protein expression was significantly increased in the BOO rats compared to the control rats (P<0.05. Conclusions Detrusor overactivity induced by BOO causes a significant increase in the expression of AQP1 and CAV1, which were coexpressed in the suburothelial microvasculature. This finding suggests that AQP1 and CAV1 might be closely related to bladder signal activity and may have a functional role in BOO-associated detrusor overactivity.

Palliation of Malignant Upper Gastrointestinal Obstruction with Self-Expandable Metal Stent

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Morikawa, Soichiro; Suzuki, Azumi; Nakase, Kojiro; Yasuda, Kenjiro [Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto (Japan)

2012-02-15

To assess the technical success, ability to eat, complications and clinical outcomes of patients with self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placed for malignant upper gastrointestinal (GI) obstruction. Data was collected retrospectively on patients who underwent SEMS placement for palliation of malignant upper GI obstruction by reviewing hospital charts from June 1998 to May 2011. Main outcome measurements were technical success, gastric outlet obstruction scoring system (GOOSS) score before and after treatment, complications, and survival. A total of 82 patients underwent SEMS placement with malignant upper GI obstruction. The initial SEMS placement was successful in 77 patients (93.9%). The mean GOOSS score was 0.56 before stenting and 1.92 (p < 0.001) after treatment. Complications arose in 12 patients (14.6%): stent migration in 1 patient (1.2%), perforation in 1 (1.2%), and obstruction of stent due to tumor ingrowth in 10 (12.2%). The median survival time after stenting was 52 days (6-445). SEMS placement is an effective and safe treatment for palliation of malignant upper GI obstruction. It provides lasting relief in dysphagia and improves the QOL of patients.

Palliation of Malignant Upper Gastrointestinal Obstruction with Self-Expandable Metal Stent

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morikawa, Soichiro; Suzuki, Azumi; Nakase, Kojiro; Yasuda, Kenjiro

2012-01-01

To assess the technical success, ability to eat, complications and clinical outcomes of patients with self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placed for malignant upper gastrointestinal (GI) obstruction. Data was collected retrospectively on patients who underwent SEMS placement for palliation of malignant upper GI obstruction by reviewing hospital charts from June 1998 to May 2011. Main outcome measurements were technical success, gastric outlet obstruction scoring system (GOOSS) score before and after treatment, complications, and survival. A total of 82 patients underwent SEMS placement with malignant upper GI obstruction. The initial SEMS placement was successful in 77 patients (93.9%). The mean GOOSS score was 0.56 before stenting and 1.92 (p < 0.001) after treatment. Complications arose in 12 patients (14.6%): stent migration in 1 patient (1.2%), perforation in 1 (1.2%), and obstruction of stent due to tumor ingrowth in 10 (12.2%). The median survival time after stenting was 52 days (6-445). SEMS placement is an effective and safe treatment for palliation of malignant upper GI obstruction. It provides lasting relief in dysphagia and improves the QOL of patients.

Abordagem grassroots e resistência: atualizando a concepção de desenvolvimento sustentável

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Augusto Marcos Carvalho de Sena

Full Text Available Resumo Em contrapartida às especificidades impositivas do modelo de produção capitalista - incluindo-se nesse modelo os meandros de arranjos produtivos que inserem o meio ambiente enquanto alinhado à versão tríplice da concepção tradicional de desenvolvimento sustentável -, tem surgido uma massa crítica de literatura focada na resistência ao modo de funcionamento do capitalismo ocidental. Em relação à teoria, economia solidária (pilar econômico, movimentos sociais (pilar social, ecologia política (pilar ambiental e raízes culturais (pilar cultural são aparatos importantes que não devem ficar à margem na estruturação de uma concepção alternativa do desenvolvimento sustentável. Tais aparatos são considerados elementos de resistência, visto terem fatores diferenciados quando comparados com as características tradicionais dos pilares da criticada concepção de desenvolvimento sustentável. Assim, o objetivo do presente ensaio teórico é conceber alternativas à concepção padrão do desenvolvimento sustentável, considerando aspectos da abordagem grassroots importantes para esse propósito. A contribuição é relevante tendo em vista a consideração de aspectos alternativos e complementares envolvidos na leitura da atualização conjecturada. Os prospectos do desenvolvimento grassroots têm sido usados como guia prático em ações de desenvolvimento local envolvendo comunidades menos desenvolvidas em várias partes do mundo, sem a conjectura que sinaliza para elementos conceituais que podem oferecer uma conformação alternativa à concepção do desenvolvimento sustentável. Conclui-se que a versão tradicional do desenvolvimento sustentável pode ser atualizada com elementos alternativos advindos da abordagem grassroots.

Alcohol outlets, social disorganization, and robberies: accounting for neighborhood characteristics and alcohol outlet types.

Science.gov (United States)

Snowden, Aleksandra J; Freiburger, Tina L

2015-05-01

We estimated spatially lagged regression and spatial regime models to determine if the variation in total, on-premise, and off-premise alcohol outlet(1) density is related to robbery density, while controlling for direct and moderating effects of social disorganization.(2) Results suggest that the relationship between alcohol outlet density and robbery density is sensitive to the measurement of social disorganization levels. Total alcohol outlet density and off-premise alcohol outlet density were significantly associated with robbery density when social disorganization variables were included separately in the models. However, when social disorganization levels were captured as a four item index, only the association between off-premise alcohol outlets and robbery density remained significant. More work is warranted in identifying the role of off-premise alcohol outlets and their characteristics in robbery incidents. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseño sustentable de materiales de construcción; caso del concreto de matriz de cemento Pórtland

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Silverio Hernández Moreno

2008-01-01

Full Text Available El presente documento contiene una revisión sobre diseño sustentable aplicado a materiales de construcción, particularmente del concreto de cemento Pórtland; en donde se establecen los principales criterios y métodos para el manejo sustentable de los materiales de construcción a través del ciclo de vida de los materiales y de los edificios. Se menciona la necesidad de tener prácticas sustentables encaminadas a la reducción del impacto al ambiente y reducción de los costos de materiales de construcción, mediante la justa aplicación del diseño sustentable. En el caso práctico, queda definido que podemos disminuir el impacto ambiental mediante el uso de estrategias y métodos diversos para la selección y aplicación de materias primas dentro de los procesos de construcción, principalmente mediante la aplicación de los métodos de recuperación de materiales y de manejo sustentable de materias primas, tales como: reuso, reciclamiento, refabricación y recuperación de energía por materiales de construcción.

Tratamiento paliativo de la obstrucción tumoral del vaciamiento gástrico con prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles insertadas endoscópicamente Palliative management of malignant gastric outlet obstruction with endoscopically inserted self-expanding metal stents

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J. García-Cano

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Antecedentes y objetivo: la inserción de prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles para paliar la obstrucción tumoral del vaciamiento gástrico es un procedimiento mínimamente invasivo, que cada vez se utiliza con más frecuencia. Presentamos la experiencia de esta técnica en un hospital de nivel II del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Pacientes y métodos: estudio retrospectivo de un periodo de cinco años (2003-2007, en los que se trató de resolver la obstrucción tumoral del vaciamiento gástrico en 27 ocasiones a 23 pacientes (media de 0,45 procedimientos por mes, mediante la inserción endoscópica de prótesis no recubiertas (Wallstent® y Wallflex®. Resultados: la inserción fue técnicamente posible en el 100% de los 27 intentos. Se obtuvo un buen resultado clínico en 25 ocasiones (92,5%. Se utilizó sólo endoscopia 10 (37% veces y en las otras 17 (63% también fluoroscopia. Tras la inserción de la prótesis se intervino a un paciente con intención curativa y a otro, en el que la prótesis no funcionó, para realizar una derivación paliativa. Cuatro prótesis se obstruyeron por crecimiento tumoral, recanalizándose mediante la inserción de nuevas prótesis. En tres ocasiones se produjo ictericia obstructiva en prótesis que cubrían la papila de Vater. No hubo otras complicaciones. Tampoco mortalidad derivada del procedimiento. La media de supervivencia fue de 104 días (rango 28-400, DE ± 94. Conclusiones: en nuestra experiencia, la inserción endoscópica de prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles parece un método seguro y eficaz en el tratamiento paliativo de la obstrucción tumoral del vaciamiento gástrico y puede llevarse a cabo con éxito en un centro de nuestras características.Aim and background: the insertion of self-expanding metal stents to palliate malignant gastric outlet obstruction is a minimally invasive procedure that is being increasingly used. We discuss experience with this technique in a level-II hospital in the

Managing obstructive gastric volvulus: challenges and solutions

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Rodriguez-Garcia HA

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Hector Alejandro Rodriguez-Garcia,1 Andrew S Wright,2–4 Robert B Yates1–3 1Department of Surgery, Center for Esophageal and Gastric Surgery, 2Center for Videoendoscopic Surgery, 3Hernia Center, 4Institute for Simulation and Interprofessional Studies, UWMC, University of Washington, Seattle, USA Abstract: Gastric volvulus is the abnormal torsion of the stomach along its short or long axis. Most patients who experience gastric volvulus present with mild or intermittent gastric obstructive symptoms. However, severe acute gastric volvulus can result in complete gastric outlet obstruction and ischemia. Consequently, acute gastric volvulus warrants immediate evaluation and management. The goals of management are to relieve the obstruction and prevent recurrent volvulus. Techniques to manage gastric volvulus depend on patient characteristics and the presence of gastric ischemia. In the absence of gastric ischemia, gastric volvulus can be managed with anterior abdominal wall gastropexy or paraesophageal hernia repair. If gastric ischemia is present, operative resection of the affected portion of the stomach is indicated. When operative management is indicated, many patients with gastric volvulus can be managed with minimally invasive (laparoscopic, endoscopic, or laparoendoscopic techniques. Keywords: gastric volvulus, paraesophageal hernia, hiatal hernia

Covered Metallic Stents With an Anti-Migration Design vs. Uncovered Stents for the Palliation of Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction: A Multicenter, Randomized Trial

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Lee, Hyuk; Min, Byung-Hoon; Lee, Jeong Hoon; Shin, Cheol Min; Kim, Younjoo; Chung, Hyunsoo; Lee, Sang Hyub

2015-01-01

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies reported comparable stent patency between covered self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) and uncovered SEMS (UCS) for palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the newly developed WAVE-covered SEMS (WCS), which has an anti-migration design, compared with UCS in gastric cancer patients with symptomatic GOO. METHODS: A total of 102 inoperable gastric cancer patients with symptomatic GOO were prospectively enrolled from five referral centers and randomized to undergo UCS or WCS placement. Stent patency and recurrence of obstructive symptoms were assessed at 8 weeks and 16 weeks after stent placement. RESULTS: At the 8-week follow-up, both stent patency rates (72.5% vs. 62.7%) and re-intervention rates (19.6% vs. 19.6%) were comparable between the WCS and the UCS groups. Both stent stenosis (2.4% vs. 8.1%) and migration rates (9.5% vs. 5.4%) were comparable between WCS and UCS groups. At the 16-week follow-up, however, the WCS group had a significantly higher stent patency rate than the UCS group (68.6% vs. 41.2%). Re-intervention rates in the WCS and UCS groups were 23.5% and 39.2%, respectively. Compared with the UCS group, the WCS group had a significantly lower stent restenosis rate (7.1% vs. 37.8%) and a comparable migration rate (9.5% vs. 5.4%). Overall stent patency was significantly longer in the WCS group than in the UCS group. No stent-associated significant adverse events occurred in either the WCS or UCS groups. In the multivariate analysis, WCS placement and chemotherapy were identified as independent predictors of 16-week stent patency. CONCLUSIONS: WCS group showed comparable migration rate and significantly more durable long-term stent patency compared with UCS group for the palliation of GOO in patients with inoperable gastric cancer. PMID:26372507

A rare cause of gastric obstruction: Lighters swallowing.

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Aday, Ulas; Tardu, Ali; Yagci, Mehmet Ali; Yonder, Huseyin

2015-01-01

The majority of swallowed foreign bodies are thrown spontaneously without causing complications in the digestive system. Multiple number of foreign bodies may be swallowed by psychiatric patients which delay diagnosis and increase the complication rate. Long and hard objects cannot pass through the pylorus, and may cause obstruction, ulceration, bleeding and perforation. Endoscopy is used as an effective method in such cases. An exploratory laparatomy was performed after unsuccessful endoscopic foreign object removal in a 28-year-old schizophrenic patient with gastric outlet obstruction due to multiple cigarette lighter swallowing. Ten lighters were removed from the stomach through gastrotomy and one more lighter was removed from the descending colon by milking through the anus. The aim of this paper is to discuss encountered difficulties in psychiatric patients who underwent surgery due to intake of foreign bodies.

Formación ética para un desarrollo sustentable

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Jazmín Díaz

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Partiendo de que el desarrollo sustentable requiere para su consecución individuos con una conciencia ética, el presente trabajo explora la ética que la Escuela de Administración y Contaduría Pública de FCES-LUZ contempla, transmite y exige en la formación de sus egresados. Se efectuó análisis de documentos rectores. Se encontró que, los conceptos éticos están prácticamente ausentes de la normativa universitaria dirigida al componente estudiantil y cuando aparecen son etéreos. Adicionalmente, los alumnos no consideran la ética como valiosa, ni para ellos, sus profesores, personal de apoyo o autoridades. Se concluye que los estudiantes manejan una ética utilitaria, donde el fin justifica los medios. Esta percepción se refuerza por un medio universitario con valores pragmáticos que jerarquiza los resultados por encima de los medios utilizados para alcanzarlos, no promoviendo el desarrollo de individuos responsables, ni concientizados de su papel en la sociedad; características estas indispensables para la evolución hacia una sociedad más justa y equitativa, es decir un desarrollo sustentable.

Universidad, ecosistema de montaña y desarrollo sustentable: Resultados

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Dr. C. Fernando C. Agüero Contreras

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Se ofrece una visión sintética de los resultados del trabajo realizado desde la Universidad de Cienfuegos, por algo más de dos décadas, en el ecosistema de montaña Guamuhaya, o Escambray. El objetivo es valorar las experiencias, resultados prácticos y metodológicos, mostrando momentos y etapas, la diversidad de procedimientos, para construir determinadas reflexiones teóricas que permitan el despliegue del trabajo sociocultural comunitario y, en función de la gestión del desarrollo sustentable. Ha significado laborar con actores sociales escuelas, empresas, familias, estructuras productivas, el gobierno local, Comisión del Plan Turquino (CPPT, y con pobladores de los asentamientos humanos. Se concluye como en la medida en que la universidad interviene en los procesos de la gestión del desarrollo sustentable se fortalece en sus quehaceres y prácticas, acrecientan y consolidan las funciones sustantivas que le caracterizan, se muestran los aportes esenciales de la universidad en el proceso del trabajo

14 CFR 23.977 - Fuel tank outlet.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fuel tank outlet. 23.977 Section 23.977... tank outlet. (a) There must be a fuel strainer for the fuel tank outlet or for the booster pump. This... damage any fuel system component. (b) The clear area of each fuel tank outlet strainer must be at least...

Environmental education, quality of life and sustentability

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Pelicioni, Maria Cecília Focesi

1998-01-01

O presente artigo procura mostrar que uma nova visão de mundo está ganhando cada vez mais espaço entre as pessoas por meio da Educação Ambiental, a qual objetiva a melhoria da qualidade de vida no planeta. A Educação Ambiental busca a valorização da vida, a formação de um novo estilo de vida, sem consumismo excessivo, sem o desperdício de recursos e sem degradação ambiental. Apresenta também a opinião de alguns autores a respeito do "desenvolvimento sustentável" como uma forma de crescimento ...

Bilateral Upper Extremity DVT in a 43-Year-Old Man: Is It Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?!

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Hadoun Jabri

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Recurrent deep venous thrombosis, involving bilateral upper extremities, is an extremely rare phenomenon. We are presenting a 43-year-old man who was diagnosed with left upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT and was treated with anticoagulation and surgical decompression in 2004. 9 years later, he presented with right arm swelling and was diagnosed with right UEDVT using US venous Doppler. Venogram showed compression of the subclavian vein by the first rib, diagnosing thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS. He was treated with anticoagulation and local venolysis and later by surgical decompression of the subclavian vein. Bilateral UEDVT, as mentioned above, is an extremely rare condition that is uncommonly caused by TOS. To our knowledge, we are reporting the first case of bilateral UEDVT due to TOS. Diagnosis usually starts with US venous Doppler to detect the thrombosis, followed by the gold standard venogram to locate the area of obstruction and lyse the thrombus if needed. The ultimate treatment for TOS remains surgical decompression of the vascular bundle at the thoracic outlet.

Indicadores regionales de desarrollo sustentable en Chile: ¿Hasta qué punto son útiles y necesarios?

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Hernán Blanco

2001-09-01

Full Text Available Cada vez más necesitamos maneras de asegurar patrones de desarrollo que sean sustentables, es decir, que sean ambiental, social y económicamente apropiados para nosotros y para las generaciones venideras. Los indicadores de desarrollo sustentable son una herramienta promisoria que permitiría "aterrizar" el concepto de sustentabilidad, apoyando la manera en que se toman las decisiones. En Chile existen pocas experiencias sobre el tema. Este artículo presenta el trabajo realizado para desarrollar indicadores de desarrollo sustentable en cuatro regiones del país. El artículo se centra en las lecciones que han surgido de la experienciaWe are increasingly needing ways to secure patterns of development that be sustainable, that is, environmentally, socially and economically appropriate for us and for future generations. Sustainability indicators are a promising tool that would allow us to "land" the concept, supporting the way in which decisions are made. In Chile there are few experiences on the subject. This paper presents the work carried out to develop sustainability indicators in four regions. The paper focuses on the lessons that have been drawn from the experience

[TURP plus endocrine therapy (ET) versus α1A-blockers plus ET for bladder outlet obstruction in advanced prostate cancer].

Science.gov (United States)

Tao, Ling-song; Tao, Liang-jun; Chen, Yi-sheng; Zou, Bin; Zhu, Guang-biao; Wang, Jia-wei; Liang, Chao-zhao

2015-07-01

To compare the effect of transurethral resection of the prostate combined with endocrine therapy (TURP + ET) with that of αlA-blockers combined with ET ((αlA-b + ET) in the treatment of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa), and to investigate the safety of the TURP + ET for the treatment of PCa with BOO. We retrospectively analyzed 63 cases of PCa with BOO, 28 treated by αlA-b + ET and the other 35 by TURP + ET. We obtained the residual urine volume (RV), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and quality of life score (QoL) before and after treatment along with the overall survival rate of the patients, followed by comparison of the parameters between the two methods. At 3 months after treatment, RV, IPSS, and QoL in the TURP + ET group were significantly decreased from (137.8 ± 27.6) ml, (22.3 ± 3.6), and (4.2 ± 0.8) to (29 ± 13.6) ml, (7.8 ± 2.1), and (1.6 ± 0.5) respectively (P ET group decreased from (133.6 ± 24.9) ml, (21.5 ± 3.2), and (4.7 ± 1.1) to (42 ± 18.3) ml, (12.8 ± 2.6), and (2.5 ± 0.7) respectively (P ET group was not significantly different from that of the αlA-b + ET group (51.4% vs 46.4% , P > 0.05). TURP + ET is preferable to αlA-b + ET for its advantage of relieving BOO symptoms in advanced PCa without affecting the overall survival rate of the patients.

De la sostenibilidad a la sustentabilidad. Modelo de desarrollo sustentable para su implementación en políticas y proyectos

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Hernán Gustavo Cortés Mura

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Rev.esc.adm.neg  El desarrollo sustentable es un concepto que ha cobrado fuerza en los últimos años. Sin embargo, dadas sus características y sus múltiples aplicaciones, se ha prestado para ser interpretado y aplicado de maneras diversas. Este documento tiene un doble objetivo: presentar una revisión de la literatura para compartir algunos de los avances y discusiones en el campo del desarrollo sustentable; y discutir sobre la utilización y definición de los términos sustentabilidad y sostenibilidad, para finalmente proponer un modelo de desarrollo sustentable que permita a los tomadores de decisiones tener un punto de partida para trazar sus políticas de gestión.

Alcohol Outlet Density and Intimate Partner Violence in a Nonmetropolitan College Town: Accounting for Neighborhood Characteristics and Alcohol Outlet Types.

Science.gov (United States)

Snowden, Aleksandra J

2016-01-01

There is a growing evidence of an ecological association between alcohol outlet density and intimate partner violence. It is reasonable to assume, however, that not all types of alcohol outlets contribute equally to criminal behavior, and to date, most ecological studies have been of large urban cities. Using Bloomington, Indiana, block groups as units of analysis and controlling for several structural characteristics associated with violence rates, I estimated spatially lagged regression models to determine if the variation in alcohol outlet density, including total outlets and disaggregating by on- and off-premise outlets, is related to intimate partner violence density. Results suggested that total alcohol outlet density and off-premise alcohol outlet density were significantly associated with intimate partner violence density. On-premise alcohol outlet density was not significantly associated with intimate partner violence density. These results not only extend the geographic scope of this relationship beyond large metropolitan areas but also have important policy implications.

Ambiente hospitalar saudável e sustentável na perspectiva ecossistêmica: contribuições da enfermagem

OpenAIRE

Svaldi, Jacqueline Sallete Dei; Siqueira, Hedi Crecencia Heckler de

2010-01-01

Este texto propõe uma discussão sobre o ambiente hospitalar saudável e sustentável destacando-se as contribuições da enfermagem nesse processo. As bases filosóficas encontram-se ancoradas na teoria ecossistêmica que analisa as sensibilidades necessárias para entender a natureza e os elementos estruturantes do ambiente/espaço hospitalar. Enfatiza-se a força aglutinadora das Unidades Produtivas que, de maneira interdependente e inter-relacionada, devem buscar o espaço sustentável e saudável atr...

Desarrollo de productos turísticos rurales sustentables. Propuesta y validación de expertos respecto a tres variables.

OpenAIRE

Luis Fernando Figueroa González; Judith Cavazos Arroyo; Yesica Mayett Moreno

2015-01-01

El turismo rural sustentable representa una alternativa para el desarrollo económico, social y ecológico de las comunidades rurales, para lo cual es necesario desarrollar productos y servicios turísticos apropiados. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en identificar desde la validación de expertos, variables clave para el desarrollo de productos turísticos rurales sustentables. Se desarrolló una investigación exploratoria y descriptiva dividida en tres fases. La primera de ellas...

Determinación del costo de construcción de las diferentes clasificaciones para una vivienda sustentable en la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador.

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Jorge Rene Vasquez Palacios

2017-12-01

Full Text Available En Ecuador existe un elevado porcentaje de viviendas con problemas ambientales, debido a la falta de una práctica habitual de incorporar criterios de confort y eficiencia energética, que patentiza la necesidad de implementar estrategias sustentables en los procesos de construcción. El estudio aquí expuesto analiza una vivienda unifamiliar en la ciudad de Cuenca (Ecuador y determina los costos referenciales de construcción (por metro cuadrado de los diferentes niveles sustentables que pudiera alcanzar la vivienda con respecto a su semejante convencional. El trabajo se desarrolla en tres etapas: (1 desarrollo de una metodología apropiada para identificar los costos; (2 estudio cualitativo sobre la percepción de la vivienda sustentable; (3 estudio cuantitativo de los costos de construcción y el valor agregado ecuatoriano (VAE. A las distintas opciones de viviendas sustentables se las clasifica en una escala de A a C, dependiendo de la cantidad de estrategias que se incorporen, mientras que a la vivienda convencional se le asigna la clasificación D. Se concluye que las viviendas sustentables presentan un incremento de costo, con respecto a la convencional, del 33.14% (A, 15.56% (B y 4.32% (C, con una reducción del VAE del 15.75%, 4.01% y 3.74%, respectivamente.

Sobre palavras e atos no consumo sustentável no Brasil: os ‘aparentes paradoxos’ de uma pesquisa qualitativa

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Rita de Cassia Monteiro Afonso

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Este artigo - recorte de uma pesquisa mais ampla denominada Choices Project: Leveraging Buying Power for Development – Ethical Consumption and Sustainable Procurement in Chile and Brazil - tem por objetivo “iluminar” alguns “aparentes paradoxos” encontrados nos discursos de entrevistados brasileiros em uma pesquisa qualitativa e analisar contradições no que se refere à discurso e prática sobre consumo sustentável. Por isso, o artigo apresenta o contexto político institucional brasileiro para o desenvolvimento sustentável com foco no consumo, as aparentes contradições encontradas na pesquisa e sua análise e conclui com os desafios que nos indicam aspectos para reflexão no estabelecimento de uma política de consumo consciente com parte de uma política mais ampla de desenvolvimento sustentável capaz de redesenhar o tecido urbano e assegurar prosperidade e qualidade de vida a todos.

Planos diretores: o caminho para o desenvolvimento sustentável das cidades

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Alexsandro da Miranda

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Os Planos Diretores efetivam a existência de uma legislação geral estabelecendo as normas necessárias à implementação de políticas urbanas, previstas na Constituição Federal e no Estatuto da Cidade (Lei Federal 10.257/2001 e que em seu foco principal está o desenvolvimento e a expansão urbana.  Assim, o presente artigo aborda uma breve discussão teórica do tema, suas problemáticas e contextualizações na perspectiva de fundamentá-las à luz das teorias existentes. Três principais diretrizes devem ser destacadas: o desenvolvimento sustentável, a gestão democrática da cidade e o planejamento do desenvolvimento das cidades, onde os municípios, devem, portanto, utilizar as diretrizes e instrumentos do Estatuto da Cidade com o objetivo de estabelecer as regras que propiciem o pleno desenvolvimento econômico, social, ambiental e sustentável, com vistas a garantir o direito à cidade para todos os que nela vivem.

El Diseño Sustentable como Herramienta para el Desarrollo de la Arquitectura y Edificación en México El Diseño Sustentable como Herramienta para el Desarrollo de la Arquitectura y Edificación en México

OpenAIRE

Silverio Hernández Moreno

2012-01-01

Este artículo presenta y describe una herramienta muy importante para el proceso del Diseño Sustentable en Arquitectura y Urbanismo. Explica en qué consiste el Diseño Sustentable y su relación con el Diseño por Ciclo de Vida en los Edificios, lo cual es otra herramienta que complementa a su vez al proceso de Diseño durante la concepción de proyectos de arquitectura, y durante la misma ejecución de los trabajos de construcción y mantenimiento del inmueble. Este documento también hace referenc...

Desenvolvimento sustentável como uma forma de mitigar o impacto negativo da globalização nas comunidades locais

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Bonder, Cintia

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem por objetivo mostrar alguns impactos da globalização nas comunidades locais e como o desenvolvimento sustentável pode trabalhar estes impactos. Para tanto, apresenta alguns conceitos de globalização e suas correntes de pensamento; trata de discutir o desenvolvimento sustentável e a globalização; e por fim, discute o impacto da globalização nas comunidades locais e como minimizá-los

Isolated colonic inertia is not usually the cause of chronic constipation.

Science.gov (United States)

Ragg, J; McDonald, R; Hompes, R; Jones, O M; Cunningham, C; Lindsey, I

2011-11-01

Chronic constipation is classified as outlet obstruction, colonic inertia or both. We aimed to determine the incidence of isolated colonic inertia in chronic constipation and to study symptom pattern in those with prolonged colonic transit time. Chronic constipation patients were classified radiologically by surgeon-reported defaecating proctography and transit study into four groups: isolated outlet obstruction, isolated colonic inertia, outlet obstruction plus colonic inertia, or normal. Symptom patterns were defined as stool infrequency (twice weekly or less) or frequent unsuccessful evacuations (more than twice weekly). Of 541 patients with chronic constipation, 289 (53%) were classified as isolated outlet obstruction, 26 (5%) as isolated colonic inertia, 159 (29%) as outlet obstruction plus colonic inertia and 67 (12%) as normal. Of 448 patients (83%) with outlet obstruction, 35% had additional colonic inertia. Only 14% of those with prolonged colonic transit time had isolated colonic inertia. Frequent unsuccessful evacuations rather than stool infrequency was the commonest symptom pattern in all three disease groups (isolated outlet obstruction 86%, isolated colonic inertia 54% and outlet obstruction plus colonic inertia 63%). Isolated colonic inertia is an unusual cause of chronic constipation. Most patients with colonic inertia have associated outlet obstruction. These data question the clinical significance of isolated colonic inertia. © 2011 The Authors. Colorectal Disease © 2011 The Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.

Lymphangioma causing duodenal obstruction in adult, rare presentation

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Prashant W Khade

2016-01-01

Full Text Available A submucosal lymphangioma is a rare pathology in the alimentary tract. It is a benign entity of the lymphatic system. A duodenal lymphangioma is extremely rare and has an unknown etiology. Clinical and laboratory findings are nonspecific, and they are incidentally found by endoscopy and their treatment is surgical excision. Small lesions are often asymptomatic. Recently, the authors experienced a 62-year-old man, who had a duodenal lymphangioma, showing gastric outlet obstruction symptoms. A multidetector computed tomography abdomen study revealed a single submucosal cystic lesion in second part of duodenum. The lesion was successfully excised after Whipple′s procedure. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of lymphangioma.

Socioeconomic determinants of exposure to alcohol outlets.

Science.gov (United States)

Morrison, Christopher; Gruenewald, Paul J; Ponicki, William R

2015-05-01

Alcohol outlets tend to be located in lower income areas, exposing lower income populations to excess risks associated with alcohol sales through these establishments. The objective of this study was to test two hypotheses about the etiology of these differential exposures based on theories of the economic geography of retail markets: (a) outlets will locate within or near areas of high alcohol demand, and (b) outlets will be excluded from areas with high land and structure rents. Data from the 2010 National Drug Strategy Household Survey were used to develop a surrogate for alcohol demand (i.e., market potential) at two census geographies for the city of Melbourne, Australia. Bayesian conditional autoregressive Poisson models estimated multilevel spatial relationships between counts of bars, restaurants, and off-premise outlets and market potential, income, and zoning ordinances (Level 1: n = 8,914). Market potentials were greatest in areas with larger older age, male, English-speaking, high-income populations. Independent of zoning characteristics, greater numbers of outlets appeared in areas with greater market potentials and the immediately surrounding areas. Greater income excluded outlets in local and surrounding areas. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that alcohol outlets are located in areas with high demand and are excluded from high-income areas. These processes appear to take place at relatively small geographic scales, encourage the concentration of outlets in specific low-income areas, and represent a very general economic process likely to take place in communities throughout the world.

Off-premise alcohol outlet characteristics and violence.

Science.gov (United States)

Snowden, Aleksandra J; Pridemore, William Alex

2014-07-01

There is considerable evidence of an association between alcohol outlet density and violence. Although prior research reveals the importance of specific characteristics of bars on this association and that the relationship between bar density and violence may be moderated by these characteristics, there are few similar studies of the characteristics of off-premise outlets (e.g., liquor and convenience stores). We examined whether immediate environment, business practice, staff, and patron characteristics of off-premise alcohol outlets are associated with simple and aggravated assault density. Cross-sectional design using aggregate data from 65 census block groups in a non-metropolitan college town, systematic social observation, and spatial modeling techniques. We found limited effects of immediate environment, business practice, staff, and patron characteristics on simple assault density and no effect on aggravated assault density. Only two out of 17 characteristics were associated with simple assault density (i.e., nearby library and male patrons). This is the first study to examine the association between several off-premise alcohol outlet characteristics and assault. Our findings suggest that where the off-premise outlets are located, how well the immediate environment is maintained, what types of beverages the outlets sell, who visits them, and who works there matter little in their association with violence. This suggests the importance of outlet density itself as a primary driver of any association with violence. Public policies aimed at reducing alcohol outlet density or clustering may be useful for reducing violence.

A exploração de bauxita em Juriti (PA) e o modelo \\"Juriti Sustentável\\" 

OpenAIRE

Maria Rita Manzano Borba

2012-01-01

Neste trabalho, objetiva-se uma reflexão sobre o modelo Juruti Sustentável proposta de modelo para o desenvolvimento local sustentável, proposto pela empresa mineradora Alcoa, em meados da década de 2000, quando da instalação do Projeto Mina de Juruti no município de Juruti, oeste do estado do Pará. Suas bases se fundam na ideia de sustentabilidade e em premissas específicas relacionadas à abordagem de território, conflitos ambientais e participação social. Tal reflexão parte i) da contextua...

HOTELES DE TRELEW (CHUBUT, ARGENTINA HACIA EL DESARROLLO SUSTENTABLE DE LA ACTIVIDAD CON RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL

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Ana M. Gómez

2008-12-01

Full Text Available El trabajo se enmarca en el Proyecto de Investigación “Hotelería Sustentable en la Ciudad de Trelew, Provincia del Chubut, República Argentina” cuyo objetivo general es diseñar un sistema de Administración para la hotelería de Trelew, que viabilice su gestión en el marco del desarrollo sustentable de la actividad hotelera. Como hipótesis de trabajo se supuso que la hotelería estaría en condiciones de tener una gestión sustentable cuando demostrara poseer una cultura empresarial dirigida al desarrollo sustentable, llevando a cabo una actividad económica viable, con equidad social y respeto a los recursos naturales, culturales y de biodiversidad; es decir, con Responsabilidad Social Empresarial. Combinando la metodología de encuesta con la de entrevista en profundidad se abordó a la totalidad de los propietarios/administradores de los hoteles de la ciudad, sumando un total de diez. En la entrevista, además de recabar valiosa información por parte de los entrevistados, se les proporcionó un cuestionario que contenía preguntas pertinentes para la elaboración de indicadores de impacto. De los entregados fueron devueltos nueve cuestionarios, redefiniéndose de esta manera el universo a analizar. Los datos fueron trabajados en primer lugar en forma unidimensional, para detectar las categorías de mayor frecuencia de respuesta y se rescataron los resultados más significativos. Luego, dada la cantidad de indicadores involucrados (alrededor de 70 preguntas en el cuestionario, se hizo un estudio multidimensional con una técnica de escalonamiento multidimensional: la de componentes principales. Con este procedimiento estadístico se logra un índice de nivel de compromiso hacia el desarrollo sustentable de la actividad, que permite realizar un análisis comparativo entre los hoteles participantes. Por otra parte, la Provincia del Chubut categoriza a los hoteles desde 1980 de acuerdo a la infraestructura y comodidades ofrecidas. Hoy

14 CFR 25.977 - Fuel tank outlet.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fuel tank outlet. 25.977 Section 25.977... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Powerplant Fuel System § 25.977 Fuel tank outlet. (a) There must be a fuel strainer for the fuel tank outlet or for the booster pump. This strainer must— (1) For...

14 CFR 29.977 - Fuel tank outlet.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fuel tank outlet. 29.977 Section 29.977... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Fuel System § 29.977 Fuel tank outlet. (a) There must be a fuel strainer for the fuel tank outlet or for the booster pump. This strainer must— (1) For...

14 CFR 27.977 - Fuel tank outlet.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fuel tank outlet. 27.977 Section 27.977... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Fuel System § 27.977 Fuel tank outlet. (a) There must be a fuel stainer for the fuel tank outlet or for the booster pump. This strainer must— (1) For...

Produção de edificações sustentáveis: desafios e alternativas

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Mônica Santos Salgado

Full Text Available A discussão do projeto e execução de edificações sustentáveis vem sendo abordada por diferentes autores, em geral com foco no desempenho da edificação e vida útil dos materiais. Entretanto, para atender aos requisitos de desempenho ambiental das edificações, existe também a necessidade de se introduzir mudanças na organização e gestão do processo projetual. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que investigou como a incorporação dos requisitos da sustentabilidade ambiental podem influenciar as práticas de projeto de arquitetura e engenharia. Reconhecendo a influência francesa na produção de edificações sustentáveis no Brasil - em decorrência da adoção por algumas empresas brasileiras do referencial Aqua (adaptado do HQE® francês - , a pesquisa foi realizada junto a empresas que atuam naquele país. Os resultados apontam que a melhoria do processo de projeto depende do estabelecimento de um sistema de gestão que possa auxiliar os profissionais a lidarem com o grande número requisitos relacionados com a edificação sustentável. Também indicam a necessidade de revisão dos esquemas adotados até então, de forma a viabilizar a introdução da interoperabilidade entre os diferentes profissionais de projeto, desde a concepção arquitetônica, que deve se tornar responsabilidade de toda a equipe de projeto.

Socioeconomic Determinants of Exposure to Alcohol Outlets

Science.gov (United States)

Morrison, Christopher; Gruenewald, Paul J.; Ponicki, William R.

2015-01-01

Objective: Alcohol outlets tend to be located in lower income areas, exposing lower income populations to excess risks associated with alcohol sales through these establishments. The objective of this study was to test two hypotheses about the etiology of these differential exposures based on theories of the economic geography of retail markets: (a) outlets will locate within or near areas of high alcohol demand, and (b) outlets will be excluded from areas with high land and structure rents. Method: Data from the 2010 National Drug Strategy Household Survey were used to develop a surrogate for alcohol demand (i.e., market potential) at two census geographies for the city of Melbourne, Australia. Bayesian conditional autoregressive Poisson models estimated multilevel spatial relationships between counts of bars, restaurants, and off-premise outlets and market potential, income, and zoning ordinances (Level 1: n = 8,914). Results: Market potentials were greatest in areas with larger older age, male, English-speaking, high-income populations. Independent of zoning characteristics, greater numbers of outlets appeared in areas with greater market potentials and the immediately surrounding areas. Greater income excluded outlets in local and surrounding areas. Conclusions: These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that alcohol outlets are located in areas with high demand and are excluded from high-income areas. These processes appear to take place at relatively small geographic scales, encourage the concentration of outlets in specific low-income areas, and represent a very general economic process likely to take place in communities throughout the world. PMID:25978830

What is the value of proctography for diagnostic of outlet obstruction?

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Maria Auxiliadora Prolungatti Cesar

2011-09-01

Full Text Available The diagnosis of constipation is complicated due to the multiplicity and complexity of the causes. Regarding diagnostic tests, proctography is the best choice because it provides information on functions and visualization of abnormalities. Objective: To measure the isolated value of proctography in patients with obstructed defecation. Method: We evaluated 40 constipated patients at the Coloproctology Clinic of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo. The test was performed by introducing 120 mL of barium contrast in the rectum and by analyzing the different stages of evacuation. Three x-rays were performed in the lateral position: rest, anal contraction and evacuation. Results: The diagnoses were: rectocele: 2 (5.0%; anismus: 8 (20.0%; perineal descent: 13 (32.5%; sigmoidocele: 6 (15.0%; internal invagination: 10 (25.0%; rectocele + sigmoidocele 9 (22.5%; rectocele + internal invagination 11 (27.5%; rectocele + anismus: 18 (45.0%. Several patients presented multiple disorders. Conclusion: Constipation by obstructed defecation depends on multiple factors and it is important to have an accurate diagnosis. Proctography is essential, but insufficient as a single procedure. The other tests contribute with the diagnosis, therefore, they should be included in the investigation.O diagnóstico da constipação é difícil pela multiplicidade e complexidade das causas. Dos exames diagnósticos, a proctografia é preferida, fornecendo informações da função e visualização de anormalidades. Objetivo: Medir o valor isolado da proctografia, em pacientes com diagnóstico de defecação obstruída. Método: Avaliamos 40 pacientes com constipação intestinal do Ambulatório de Coloproctologia da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo. O exame foi feito introduzindo-se 120 mL de contraste no reto e analisando-se as diferentes fases da evacuação. Foram realizadas três radiografias na posição lateral: repouso, contração anal e evacua

El desarrollo laboral sustentable y su relación con la migración interna en México

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Jesús Sergio Sánchez Rodríguez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available en este trabajo se estudió la interacción entre la mi - gración interestatal y el desarrollo laboral sustentable en México del año 2000 al 2010, de acuerdo con la visión de Amartya Sen. Este desarrollo se midió con el índice de competitividad social, y la interacción con la migración interna se evaluó con un modelo de ecuaciones simultá - neas. Los resultados confirmaron que a mayor desarrollo laboral sustentable, el grado de inmigración fue más y vi - ceversa. Por otro lado, no se encontró relación alguna entre la emigración interna y el desarrollo laboral sustentable. Al desagregar el índice de competitividad social, se encontró una relación causal mutua entre el índice de la ausencia de pobreza salarial y la inmigración interna, así como una relación causa-efecto positiva entre ausencia de pobreza salarial sobre la emigración interna, la cual no se da en el otro sentido.

Responsabilidad social corporativa, actividades empresariales y desarrollo sustentable. Modelo matemático de las decisiones en la empresa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elvio Accinelli Gamba

2013-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se realiza una revisión de la literatura relacionada con la responsabilidad social corporativa, enfatizando su relación con el desarrollo sustentable, su descripción y evolución; asimismo, se presentan distintas reflexiones con respecto a la actuación que pudiera esperarse de las empresas en torno de esta situación, la cual se plantea a través de un modelo matemático, en el que -utilizando una matriz- se representan las distintas opciones que puede tomar la empresa. A manera de conclusión, podemos comentar que bajo determi- nadas condiciones sociales y técnicas las empresas optarán por una política de responsabilidad social corporativa sustentable como consecuencia del deterioro medioambiental que su propia acción conlleva. De igual manera, se muestra que en otro caso es posible para una autoridad central diseñar una política de incentivos capaz de lograr que las empresas opten por una política sustentable, aun cuando el factor de descuento futuro sea muy alto.

As Práticas Empresariais Responsáveis no Walmart Brasil e o Consumo Sustentável no varejo de supermercados

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Minelle Enéas Silva

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Sob o contexto de discussões sobre desenvolvimento sustentável, já que na realização de atividades para o surgimento de um padrão de consumo sustentável as empresas necessitam de um novo comportamento, o objetivo da pesquisa é apresentar categorias teóricas e analisar a contribuição de práticas empresariais responsáveis adotadas pelo Walmart Brasil na cidade do Recife/PE para o consumo sustentável, considerando o modelo de Michaelis (2003. Com abordagem qualitativa sob a forma de um estudo de caso, foram analisados as categorias: Eco-eficiência; Práticas próprias de consumo; Incentivos do governo; Elos da cadeia de suprimentos; Edição de escolha; Marketing responsável; Cidadania corporativa; e Diálogo com stakeholders, definidas por Silva (2011. Desse total, quatro possuem variáveis que contribuem de forma positiva para o consumo sustentável. Assim, identificou-se que a partir de um conjunto de interações entre diferentes stakeholders na rede de influências da empresa, surge uma visão favorável para um novo perfil de negócio mesmo que essa necessite de mudanças mais profundas em sua atuação de mercado.

Biomassa sustentável de juvenis de pirarucu em tanques-rede de pequeno volume

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Cavero Bruno Adan Sagratzki

2003-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a biomassa sustentável de juvenis de pirarucu Arapaima gigas (Cuvier, 1829 mantidos em tanquesrede de pequeno volume. Durante 200 dias os peixes foram estocados em quatro tanques-rede de 1 m³, cada um com biomassa inicial total de 0,84±0,14 kg (21 peixes/tanque-rede. Os tanquesrede foram colocados em um viveiro de 50 m² com renovação constante de água. Os índices do fator de condição, da conversão alimentar, do crescimento específico e do ganho de biomassa revelaram que a biomassa sustentável de juvenis de pirarucu para a criação intensiva em tanques-rede de 1 m³ foi de aproximadamente 29 kg. O comprimento alcançado pelo peixe, no espaço reduzido do tanque-rede, é um fator limitante para manter bons índices zootécnicos.

Critical appraisal of the Spanner™ prostatic stent in the treatment of prostatic obstruction

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Patrick McKenzie

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Patrick McKenzie1, Gopal Badlani11Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC, USAAbstract: The Spanner™ stent was first used in patients to relieve bladder outlet obstruction (BOO, and has recently been used in patients following transurethral microwave thermotherapy and men unfit for surgical intervention. We review the current literature on the role of the Spanner stent in treating prostatic obstruction compared to previously reported cases involving the use of temporary stents. The Spanner stent has been found to be successful in treating patients with bladder outlet obstruction from benign prostatic hyperplasia and following high-energy transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT. Patients with the Spanner stent had an increase in peak flow rate and a decrease in post void residual and International Prostate Symptom Scores. In patients treated with TUMT, quality of life measures indicate that the Spanner stent shows increased ease of bladder drainage, decreased leakage, and no adverse effect on daily activities. In patients unfit for surgery, however, there was increased retention and pain requiring stent removal in 63% of cases. The Spanner stent offers ease of insertion with a decrease in voiding symptoms in selected patients. Based on limited data, the Spanner stent has been recommended as a treatment option for men with BOO following TUMT. However, it is not a good treatment option for men unfit for surgery based on an increased incidence of urinary retention and dysuria. The Spanner stent is the only currently approved temporary stent and, based on a literature review, it does not offer significant advantage over previously used temporary stents. It is notable that most researchers have not evaluated the role of detrusor function on the outcomes.Keywords: benign prostate hyperplasia, Spanner stent, urethral stent, minimally invasive therapy

Double-outlet right ventricle revisited.

Science.gov (United States)

Ebadi, Ameneh; Spicer, Diane E; Backer, Carl L; Fricker, F Jay; Anderson, Robert H

2017-08-01

Double-outlet right ventricle is a form of ventriculoarterial connection. The definition formulated by the International Society for Nomenclature of Paediatric and Congenital Heart Disease is based on hearts with both arterial trunks supported in their greater part by a morphologically right ventricle. Bilateral infundibula and ventricular septal defects are highly debated criteria. This study examines the anatomic controversies surrounding double-outlet right ventricle. We show that hearts with double-outlet right ventricle can have atrioventricular-to-arterial valvular continuity. We emphasize the difference between the interventricular communication and the zone of deficient ventricular septation. The hearts examined were from the University of Florida in Gainesville; Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, Fla; and Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill. Each specimen had at least 75% of both arterial roots supported by the morphologically right ventricle, with a total of 100 hearts examined. The morphologic method was used to assess anatomic features, including arterial-atrioventricular valvular continuity, subarterial infundibular musculature, and the location of the hole between the ventricles. Most hearts had fibrous continuity between one of the arterial valves and an atrioventricular valve, with bilateral infundibula in 23%, and intact ventricular septum in 5%. Bilateral infundibula are not a defining feature of double-outlet right ventricle, representing only 23% of the specimens in our sample. The interventricular communication can have a posteroinferior muscular rim or extend to become perimembranous (58%). Double-outlet right ventricle can exist with an intact ventricular septum. Copyright © 2017 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.

Antro-duodenal tuberculosis causing gastric outlet obstruction--a rare presentation of a protean disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Gheorghe, Liana; Băncilă, Ion; Gheorghe, Cristian; Herlea, Vlad; Vasilescu, Cătălin; Aposteanu, Gabriela

2002-06-01

Gastroduodenal tuberculosis is a rare location of abdominal tuberculosis. It usually occurs secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis. We report a case of a 63-year-old woman admitted to the referral center for symptoms of upper gastrointestinal obstruction caused by ulcerohypertrophic antroduodenal tuberculosis. The lesion was misdiagnosed as malignancy at endoscopy. Even at surgery, the lesion was considered gastric cancer and imposed an oncologic resection. The diagnosis was established in the presence of giant-cell granulomas with caseating necrosis in the surgical resected specimens. In our case, the rare gastroduodenal location of abdominal tuberculosis occurred as primary tuberculosis, in the absence of other identifiable locations.

Padrões de geração de viagens e mobilidade urbana sustentável

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Marcelo Tadeu Mancini

2010-11-01

Full Text Available

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é apontar ações de planejamento urbano e de transportes que sirvam para orientar gestores e técnicos no sentido de alcançar padrões de geração de viagens que conduzam à mobilidade sustentável. A pesquisa baseia-se em um método de previsão de implementação de ações através de cenários, cuja avaliação é conduzida com auxílio do Índice de Mobilidade Urbana Sustentável (IMUS. A partir de um cenário piloto, alguns resultados foram obtidos e são aqui apresentados e analisados. A maior efetividade de mudança ocorreu com a aplicação de ações de influência média e indiretas na Geração de Viagens Sustentáveis (GVS, e com mínimo e médio graus de dificuldade, que podem alterar o valor do IMUS em cerca de 24 %. Estas ações, por sua clara facilidade de implementação e efetividade, podem ser priorizadas como o início de um plano de mudança nas características das viagens sustentáveis.

Abstract: The aim of this work is to indicate actions in urban and transportation planning that are suitable to guide the decisions of managers and technicians towards standards of trip generation conducting to sustainable mobility. The study is based on a method for predicting the implementation of actions through scenarios. Their assessment is subsequently done with the Index of Sustainable Urban Mobility (I_SUM. The outcomes of a pilot study are presented and analyzed. The most effective changes were produced with the application of actions of intermediate and indirect influence on the so-called Sustainable Trip Generation, and also of minimum and intermediate level of difficulty for implementation. They can positively change the value of I_SUM in about 24 %. As they are effective and easy to implement, these actions can be a starting point of a plan for making the characteristics of the trips more sustainable.

Intelligent electrical outlet for collective load control

Science.gov (United States)

Lentine, Anthony L.; Ford, Justin R.; Spires, Shannon V.; Goldsmith, Steven Y.

2015-10-27

Various technologies described herein pertain to an electrical outlet that autonomously manages loads in a microgrid. The electrical outlet can provide autonomous load control in response to variations in electrical power generation supply in the microgrid. The electrical outlet includes a receptacle, a sensor operably coupled to the receptacle, and an actuator configured to selectively actuate the receptacle. The sensor measures electrical parameters at the receptacle. Further, a processor autonomously controls the actuator based at least in part on the electrical parameters measured at the receptacle, electrical parameters from one or more disparate electrical outlets in the microgrid, and a supply of generated electric power in the microgrid at a given time.

MRI of thoracic outlet syndrome in children

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chavhan, Govind B.; Batmanabane, Vaishnavi; Muthusami, Prakash; Towbin, Alexander J.; Borschel, Gregory H.

2017-01-01

Thoracic outlet syndrome is caused by compression of the neurovascular bundle as it passes from the upper thorax to the axilla. The neurovascular bundle can be compressed by bony structures such as the first rib, cervical ribs or bone tubercles, or from soft-tissue abnormalities like a fibrous band, muscle hypertrophy or space-occupying lesion. Thoracic outlet syndrome commonly affects young adults but can be seen in the pediatric age group, especially in older children. Diagnosis is based on a holistic approach encompassing clinical features, physical examination findings including those triggered by various maneuvers, electromyography, nerve conduction studies and imaging. Imaging is performed to confirm the diagnosis, exclude mimics and classify thoracic outlet syndrome into neurogenic, arterial, venous or mixed causes. MRI and MR angiography are useful in this process. A complete MRI examination for suspected thoracic outlet syndrome should include the assessment of anatomy and any abnormalities using routine sequences, vessel assessment with the arms in adduction by MR angiography and assessment of dynamic compression of vessels with abduction of the arms. The purpose of this paper is to describe the anatomy of the thoracic outlet, causes of thoracic outlet syndrome, the MR imaging techniques used in its diagnosis and the principles of image interpretation. (orig.)

MRI of thoracic outlet syndrome in children

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chavhan, Govind B.; Batmanabane, Vaishnavi [The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Toronto, ON (Canada); Muthusami, Prakash [The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Toronto, ON (Canada); The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Image Guided Therapy, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Toronto, ON (Canada); Towbin, Alexander J. [Cincinnati Children' s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Cincinnati, OH (United States); Borschel, Gregory H. [The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Toronto, ON (Canada)

2017-09-15

Thoracic outlet syndrome is caused by compression of the neurovascular bundle as it passes from the upper thorax to the axilla. The neurovascular bundle can be compressed by bony structures such as the first rib, cervical ribs or bone tubercles, or from soft-tissue abnormalities like a fibrous band, muscle hypertrophy or space-occupying lesion. Thoracic outlet syndrome commonly affects young adults but can be seen in the pediatric age group, especially in older children. Diagnosis is based on a holistic approach encompassing clinical features, physical examination findings including those triggered by various maneuvers, electromyography, nerve conduction studies and imaging. Imaging is performed to confirm the diagnosis, exclude mimics and classify thoracic outlet syndrome into neurogenic, arterial, venous or mixed causes. MRI and MR angiography are useful in this process. A complete MRI examination for suspected thoracic outlet syndrome should include the assessment of anatomy and any abnormalities using routine sequences, vessel assessment with the arms in adduction by MR angiography and assessment of dynamic compression of vessels with abduction of the arms. The purpose of this paper is to describe the anatomy of the thoracic outlet, causes of thoracic outlet syndrome, the MR imaging techniques used in its diagnosis and the principles of image interpretation. (orig.)

Efficacy of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in men with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and non-neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

Science.gov (United States)

Pyun, Jong Hyun; Kang, Sung Gu; Kang, Seok Ho; Cheon, Jun; Kim, Je Jong; Lee, Jeong Gu

2017-09-01

We aimed to compare the short-term outcomes of men who had urodynamic evidence of detrusor underactivity (DU) or detrusor overactivity (DO) of a non-neurogenic etiology as well as bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and who underwent Holmium Laser Enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). A database of 322 patients who underwent HoLEP between 2010 and 2014 was analyzed. Patients were classified into three groups according to the results of a preoperative urodynamic study. Preoperative parameters such as International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Quality of Life (QoL) index, IPSS grade, uroflowmetry were compared with postoperative parameters measured at 6 months. There were 138 patients with BOO-only and 89 patients with BOO and detrusor dysfunction including 56 with DO and 33 with DU. The degree of improvement in IPSS-total (BOO: 10.7, DO: 8.3, DU: 7.0; p = 0.023) was greater in the BOO-only group than in the DU group. There were more patients whose IPSS grade improved in the BOO-only group (71%) than in the detrusor dysfunction group (DO: 53.6% and DU: 45.5%). Postoperative IPSS-voiding (4.5 vs 7.0), and Qmax (18 vs 13.7) in the BOO-only group were significantly better than those in the DU group. Additionally, postoperative IPSS-storage (4.7 vs 6.7), and IPSS-total (9.1 vs 12.3) in the BOO-only group were significantly better than in the DO group (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, early surgical management for men with severe LUTS and associated BPH before secondary degeneration occurs may be beneficial for preserving detrusor function and yield better treatment outcomes. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Taiwan.

Alcohol Outlets and Violent Crime in Washington D.C.

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Pan, William K

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Objective: Alcohol is more likely than any other drug to be involved in substance-related violence. In 2000 violence-related and self-directed injuries accounted for an estimated $37 billion and $33 billion in productivity losses and medical treatment, respectively. A review of emergency department data revealed violence and clinically identified trauma-related injuries have the strongest correlation among alcohol-dependent injuries. At the environmental level there is a relationship between alcohol outlet density and violent crime. A limited number of studies have examined the relationship between alcohol outlet type and the components of violent crime. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the aggregate components of violent crime and alcohol outlet density by type of outlet.Methods: For this study we used Washington, D.C. census tract data from the 2000 census to examine neighborhood characteristics. Alcohol outlet, violent crime, and population-level data for Washington, D.C. were drawn from various official yet publicly available sources. We developed an analytic database to examine the relationship between alcohol outlet category and four types of violent crime. After estimating spatial correlation and determining spatial dependence, we used a negative binomial regression analysis to assess the alcohol availability-violent crime association, while controlling for structural correlates of violence.Results: Independent of alternative structural correlates of violent crime, including the prevalence of weapons and illicit drugs, community-level alcohol outlet density is significantly associated with assaultive violence. Outlets were significantly related to robbery, assault, and sexual offenses. In addition, the relationship among on-premise and off-premise outlets varied across violent crime categories.Conclusion: In Washington, D.C., alcohol outlet density is significantly associated with the violent crimes. The

Biotecnologia e desenvolvimento sustentável

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Ana Clara Guerrini Schenberg

2010-01-01

Full Text Available A biotecnologia pode desempenhar um papel importante para atingir as metas da sustentabilidade. No presente trabalho, são descritos diferentes exemplos bem-sucedidos de micro-organismos especialmente desenhados para otimizar a produção de etanol, a produção de plásticos biodegradáveis a partir de recursos renováveis e a biorremediação de metais tóxicos. Esses processos biotecnológicos contribuem significantemente para promover o desenvolvimento sustentável, embora possam, por enquanto, não ser ainda competitivos em relação às tecnologias convencionais.Biotechnology can play an important role to reach the goals of sustainability. In the present work, we describe successful examples of microorganisms especially designed for optimizing ethanol production, biodegradable plastics production from renewable resources, and toxic metals bioremediation. These biotechnological processes significantly contribute to promote sustainable development, although they may, at present, not be competitive with the conventional technologies.

Reflexiones sobre la práctica turística: abordaje territorial para definir lugares sustentables. Iniciativas en Minas, Lavalleja (Uruguay

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Fabricio Gliemmo

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Se reflexiona sobre acciones e iniciativas desarrolladas en tres lugares turísticos del departamento de Lavalleja, Rou del Uruguay, en el marco del Observatorio de Inteligencia y Desarrollo Territorial como estrategia más amplia de desarrollo turístico sustentable y herramienta útil de conservación de biodiversidad, del patrimonio y mejora de calidad de vida. Se indaga la relación entre los lugares, el desarrollo turístico sustentable y la inteligencia territorial, entendida como un campo multidisciplinar que tiene por objeto el desarrollo sustentable de los territorios, y por sujeto, a las comunidades territoriales. Se analizan fuentes primaras, secundarias y, desde una metodología cualitativa (entrevistas, en qué medida están presentes en las acciones e iniciativas de los diferentes actores del territorio: a la valorización de aspectos patrimoniales naturales y culturales en lugares seleccionados, b el alcance de dimensiones de sustentabilidad, c en qué grado se manifiestan lecturas en clave de inteligencia territorial.

Motivações e Ações Sustentáveis Implementadas por Empreendedores do Setor Hoteleiro

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Maralysa Correia de Souza Cavalcanti

2015-06-01

Full Text Available O empreendedorismo segue um novo curso, no qual as empresas modificam seus processos produtivos, produtos e serviços, minimizando os impactos sociais e ambientais, utilizando mais eficientemente a energia e os recursos naturais. Tais ações iniciaram-se a partir da descoberta de oportunidades de mercado, as quais, além de gerar valor, preservam o ambiente, a sociedade e atendem as expectativas do público de interesse. O objetivo principal deste estudo é analisar as motivações e ações sustentáveis implementadas pelos empreendedores do setor hoteleiro em Aracaju, no Estado de Sergipe, considerando as dimensões da sustentabilidade econômica, ambiental e social. De natureza exploratória e descritiva, utiliza o método de estudo de casos múltiplos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com empreendedores e também foram utilizadas evidências documentos e observação direta não participante. Foram escolhidos dois hotéis situados em Aracaju, por possuírem evidencias de atuação sustentável.  Os resultados mostraram que as motivações para abrir seus negócios confundem-se com as motivações para adotar e praticar ações sustentáveis. Nos casos analisados são desenvolvidas ações nas as dimensões econômica, social e ambiental, tendo como principal propósito a redução de custos e o alcance de vantagens competitivas.

49 CFR 178.345-11 - Tank outlets.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... unloading of lading, as distinguished from outlets such as manhole covers, vents, vapor recovery devices... away from the loading/unloading outlet. The actuating mechanism must be corrosion-resistant and...

Work Capacity of the Bladder During Voiding: A Novel Method to Evaluate Bladder Contractile Function and Bladder Outlet Obstruction

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Ning Liu

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Work in voiding (WIV of the bladder may be used to evaluate bladder status throughout urination rather than at a single time point. Few studies, however, have assessed WIV owing to the complexity of its calculations. We have developed a method of calculating work capacity of the bladder while voiding and analyzed the associations of bladder work parameters with bladder contractile function and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO. Methods: The study retrospectively evaluated 160 men and 23 women, aged >40 years and with a detrusor pressure at maximal flow rate (P det Q max of ≥40 cmH 2 O in men, who underwent urodynamic testing. The bladder power integration method was used to calculate WIV; WIV per second (WIV/t and WIV per liter of urine voided (WIV/v were also calculated. In men, the relationships between these work capacity parameters and P det Q max and Abrams-Griffiths (AG number were determined using linear-by-linear association tests, and relationships between work capacity parameters and BOO grade were investigated using Spearman′s association test. Results: The mean WIV was 1.15 ± 0.78 J and 1.30 ± 0.88 J, mean WIV/t was 22.95 ± 14.45 mW and 23.78 ± 17.02 mW, and mean WIV/v was 5.59 ± 2.32 J/L and 2.83 ± 1.87 J/L in men and women, respectively. In men, WIV/v showed significant positive associations with P det Q max (r = 0.845, P = 0.000, AG number (r = 0.814, P = 0.000, and Schafer class (r = 0.726, P = 0.000. Conversely, WIV and WIV/t showed no associations with P det Q max or AG number. In patients with BOO (Schafer class > II, WIV/v correlated positively with increasing BOO grade. Conclusions: WIV can be calculated from simple urodynamic parameters using the bladder power integration method. WIV/v may be a marker of BOO grade, and the bladder contractile function can be evaluated by WIV and WIV/t.

Hydrologic Outlets of the Greenland Ice Sheet

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The Hydrologic Outlets of the Greenland Ice Sheet data set contains GIS point shapefiles that include 891 observed and potential hydrologic outlets of the Greenland...

El Diseño Sustentable como Herramienta para el Desarrollo de la Arquitectura y Edificación en México

OpenAIRE

Silverio Hernández Moreno

2008-01-01

Este artículo presenta y describe una herramienta muy importante para el proceso del Diseño Sustentable en Arquitectura y Urbanismo. Explica en qué consiste el Diseño Sustentable y su relación con el Diseño por Ciclo de Vida en los Edifi cios, lo cual es otra herramienta que complementa a su vez al proceso de Diseño durante la concepción de proyectos de arquitectura, y durante la misma ejecución de los trabajos de construcción y mantenimiento del inmueble. Este documento también hace referenc...

De la sostenibilidad a la sustentabilidad. Modelo de desarrollo sustentable para su implementación en políticas y proyectos

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Hernán Gustavo Cortés Mura; José Ismael Peña Reyes

2015-01-01

Rev.esc.adm.neg  El desarrollo sustentable es un concepto que ha cobrado fuerza en los últimos años. Sin embargo, dadas sus características y sus múltiples aplicaciones, se ha prestado para ser interpretado y aplicado de maneras diversas. Este documento tiene un doble objetivo: presentar una revisión de la literatura para compartir algunos de los avances y discusiones en el campo del desarrollo sustentable; y discutir sobre la utilización y definición de los términos sustentabilidad y sos...

Desarrollo sustentable en áreas rurales marginadas: entre la sobrevivencia y la conservación

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Marco Antonio Ramírez Mocarro

1998-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se analizan los enfoques y posibilidades del desarrollo rural sustentable en áreas marginadas de bajo potencial productivo, en su mayoría lugar de asentamientos indígenas, con alto crecimiento demográfico, en condiciones de pobreza extrema y graves problemas de deterioro ambiental. Se destaca la importancia demográfica, económica, social y ambiental que, en las sociedades latinoamericanas, tienen las poblaciones rurales. Se busca explicar la dinámica entre la pobreza rural y el deterioro ambiental. Se describen cuáles son o han sido los paradigmas que han guiado las propuestas y políticas de desarrollo rural en Latinoamérica. Qué visiones subyacen al papel que en las sociedades tienen las áreas rurales marginadas. Finalmente, presentamos lo que creemos son los desafíos teóricos y operativos a los cuales se debe enfrentar una propuesta de desarrollo rural sustentable.

The geography of Fast Food outlets: a review.

Science.gov (United States)

Fraser, Lorna K; Edwards, Kimberly L; Cade, Janet; Clarke, Graham P

2010-05-01

The availability of food high in fat, salt and sugar through Fast Food (FF) or takeaway outlets, is implicated in the causal pathway for the obesity epidemic. This review aims to summarise this body of research and highlight areas for future work. Thirty three studies were found that had assessed the geography of these outlets. Fourteen studies showed a positive association between availability of FF outlets and increasing deprivation. Another 13 studies also included overweight or obesity data and showed conflicting results between obesity/overweight and FF outlet availability. There is some evidence that FF availability is associated with lower fruit and vegetable intake. There is potential for land use policies to have an influence on the location of new FF outlets. Further research should incorporate good quality data on FF consumption, weight and physical activity.

The Geography of Fast Food Outlets: A Review

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Lorna K. Fraser

2010-05-01

Full Text Available The availability of food high in fat, salt and sugar through Fast Food (FF or takeaway outlets, is implicated in the causal pathway for the obesity epidemic. This review aims to summarise this body of research and highlight areas for future work. Thirty three studies were found that had assessed the geography of these outlets. Fourteen studies showed a positive association between availability of FF outlets and increasing deprivation. Another 13 studies also included overweight or obesity data and showed conflicting results between obesity/overweight and FF outlet availability. There is some evidence that FF availability is associated with lower fruit and vegetable intake. There is potential for land use policies to have an influence on the location of new FF outlets. Further research should incorporate good quality data on FF consumption, weight and physical activity.

O desenvolvimento sustentável: uma palavra e as coisas

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Wolf-Dietrich SAHR

1998-12-01

Full Text Available A discussão sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável é um exercício interessante para se entender as novas formas do relacionamento entre a ciência e a política que surgiram durante os trinta anos passados. Originalmente vindo do âmbito da economia e modificado por abordagens ecológicas, o conceito se transformou, durante os anos 80, em palavra-chave nas discussões internacionais e interdisciplinares sobre o desenvolvimento em sua relação com a natureza. Percebe-se que várias qualidades clássicas da metodologia científica, como exatidão das definições e termos técnicos, epistemologias disciplinares e rígidas formulações de teorias, perderam gradativamente sua relevância durante esse processo. Isso colocou os limites da própria ciência acadêmica em questão. Através de uma crítica do economicismo ecológico, que até hoje domina no discurso, abre-se um espaço para a incorporação de abordagens epistemológicas diferentes da ciência pura como atividades sociais, métodos psico-analíticos e até mesmo atividades da arte e da religião. O discurso do desenvolvimento sustentável apresenta-se, deste modo, como uma modificação cultural do próprio meio académico nas condições da pós-modernidade.

?1-Blockers in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Suggestive of Benign Prostatic Obstruction: Is Silodosin Different?

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Roehrborn, Claus G.; Cruz, Francisco; Fusco, Ferdinando

2016-01-01

Available ?1-blockers (ABs) have different profiles of receptor selectivity. Silodosin exhibits the highest selectivity for the ?1A adrenergic receptor. This pharmacological feature couples with a singular urodynamic and clinical profile. The magnitude of bladder outlet obstruction improvement in patients receiving silodosin is higher if compared to other ABs. From a clinical point of view, current evidence suggests an advantage in favor of silodosin in terms of nocturia improvement and cardi...

Inhibitory effects of silodosin on the bladder mechanosensitive afferent activities and their relation with bladder myogenic contractions in male rats with bladder outlet obstruction.

Science.gov (United States)

Aizawa, Naoki; Watanabe, Daiji; Fukuhara, Hiroshi; Fujimura, Tetsuya; Kume, Haruki; Homma, Yukio; Igawa, Yasuhiko

2018-03-06

We investigated the effects of silodosin, an α1A-adrenoceptor (AR) antagonist, on bladder function, especially on non-voiding contractions (NVCs), in a male rat model of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) by evaluating cystometry (CMG) findings and bladder mechanosensitive single-unit afferent activities (SAAs), related with microcontractions, which may be similar with NVCs and to be of myogenic origin, in the rat model. BOO was created by partial ligation of the posterior urethra. At 4 days after surgery for BOO, an osmotic pump filled with silodosin (0.12 mg/kg/day) or its vehicle was subcutaneously implanted. At 10 days after surgery, CMG and SAAs measurements were taken under conscious and urethane-anesthetized conditions, respectively. The SAAs of Aδ- and C-fibers, which were identified by electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerve and by bladder distention, and intravesical pressure were recorded during constant bladder-filling with saline. Microcontractions were divided into three phases: "ascending," "descending," and "stationary." The silodosin-treated group showed a smaller number of NVCs in CMG measurements and lower SAAs of both Aδ- and C-fibers than the vehicle-treated group during bladder-filling. Moreover, in the vehicle-treated groups, the SAAs of both fibers for the ascending phase of microcontractions were significantly higher than those for the other two phases. On the contrary, no significant change was found between any of these three phases in the silodosin-treated group. The present results suggest that silodosin inhibits the SAAs of mechanosensitive Aδ- and C-fibers at least partly due to suppressing myogenic bladder contractions in male BOO rats. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Effects of chronic administration of tamsulosin and tadalafil, alone or in combination, in rats with bladder outlet obstruction induced by chronic nitric oxide deficiency.

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Regadas, Rommel Prata; Reges, Ricardo; Cerqueira, João Batista Gadelha; Sucupira, Daniel Gabrielle; Jamacaru, Francisco Vagnaldo F; Moraes, Manoel Odorico de; Gonzaga-Silva, Lúcio Flávio

2014-01-01

The aim of this study was to define if tadalafil causes detrusor muscle impairment and to observe the effect of combination of tadalafil with tamsulosin on the lower urinary tract of rats with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) induced by chronic nitric oxide deficiency. Thirty-one male rats were randomized to following groups: 1 - control; 2 - L-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME); 3 - Tamsulosin + L-NAME, 4 Tadalafil+L-NAME; and 5 - Tamsulosin + Tadalafil + L-NAME. At the end of the treatment period (30 days), all animals were submitted to urodynamic study. The administration of L-NAME increased the number of non-voiding contractions (NVC) (1.04 ± 0.22), volume threshold (VT) (1.86 ± 0.35), and micturition cycle (MC) (1.34 ± 0.11) compared with control (0.52 ± 0.06, 0.62 ± 0.06, and 0.67 ± 0.30), respectively. The administration of tamsulosin reduced the number of NVC (0.57 ± 0.42) and VT (0.76 ± 0.24 ) compared with L-NAME group. Co-treatment with tadalafil decreased the number of VT (0.85 ± 0.53) and MC (0.76 ± 0.22) compared with L-NAME group. The combination of tamsulosin with tadalafil improved the number of NVC (0.56 ± 0.18), VT (0.97 ± 0.52) and MC (0.68 ± 0.30) compared with L-NAME group. In rats with BOO induced by chronic nitric oxide deficiency, tadalafil did not cause impairment in detrusor muscle and seems to have an addictive effect to tamsulosin because the combination decreased non voiding contractions as well the number of micturition cycles.

Soluciones de sustentables para una vivienda en Dique Luján

OpenAIRE

Afonso, Analía N.; Romanello, Laura Inés

2015-01-01

En el trabajo integrador final desarrollado en el marco de la Especialización en arquitectura y hábitat sustentable se buscó consolidar un proyecto de arquitectura que unifique los criterios de sustentabilidad estudiados. Consistió en la evaluación de un proyecto realizado mediante estudios de carácter bioclimático y verificando la aplicación de estrategias de sustentabilidad. La elaboración de las soluciones de sustentabilidad para aplicar en la vivienda no solo se consideró los re...

Tobacco Retail Outlets and Vulnerable Populations in Ontario, Canada

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Michael O. Chaiton

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Interest has been increasing in regulating the location and number of tobacco vendors as part of a comprehensive tobacco control program. The objective of this paper is to examine the distribution of tobacco outlets in a large jurisdiction, to assess: (1 whether tobacco outlets are more likely to be located in vulnerable areas; and (2 what proportion of tobacco outlets are located close to schools. Retail locations across the Province of Ontario from Ministry of Health Promotion data were linked to 2006 Census data at the neighbourhood level. There was one tobacco retail outlet for every 1,000 people over age 15 in Ontario. Density of outlets varied by public health unit, and was associated with the number of smokers. Tobacco outlets were more likely to be located in areas that had high neighbourhood deprivation, in both rural and urban areas. Outlets were less likely to be located in areas with high immigrant populations in urban areas, with the reverse being true for rural areas. Overall, 65% of tobacco retailers were located within 500 m of a school. The sale of tobacco products is ubiquitous, however, neighbourhoods with lower socio-economic status are more likely to have easier availability of tobacco products and most retailers are located within walking distance of a school. The results suggest the importance of policies to regulate the location of tobacco retail outlets.

Determinación del costo de construcción de las diferentes clasificaciones para una vivienda sustentable en la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador.

OpenAIRE

Jorge Rene Vasquez Palacios; Juan Felipe Quesada Molina

2017-01-01

En Ecuador existe un elevado porcentaje de viviendas con problemas ambientales, debido a la falta de una práctica habitual de incorporar criterios de confort y eficiencia energética, que patentiza la necesidad de implementar estrategias sustentables en los procesos de construcción. El estudio aquí expuesto analiza una vivienda unifamiliar en la ciudad de Cuenca (Ecuador) y determina los costos referenciales de construcción (por metro cuadrado) de los diferentes niveles sustentables que pudier...

A ideologia do desenvolvimento sustentável: um breve balanço sobre sua prática no ensino de geografia

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Leandro Dias de Oliveira

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo, escrito no âmbito do Curso de Geografia da FERLAGOS (Faculdade da Região dos Lagos, tem como escopo realizar um balanço de dez anos – entre a publicação da monografia intitulada “A Ideologia do Desenvolvimento Sustentável no Ensino de Geografia”, de L. D. de Oliveira (2001 e as atuais experiências docentes e de pesquisa de seus autores – da adoção do Desenvolvimento Sustentável no ensino de Geografia nos níveis fundamental e médio.

Agenda 21 nacional e indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável: contexto brasileiro National agenda 21 and sustainable development indicators: the brazilian context

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Tadeu Fabricio Malheiros

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Respondendo às crescentes pressões da sociedade civil organizada para implementação de diretrizes estabelecidas nos instrumentos de comprometimento internacionais voltadas à promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável, estados nacionais vêm elaborando suas estratégias e planos de desenvolvimento sustentável. Esforços também vêm sendo dispensados na proposição de indicadores para acompanhar resultados e impactos na implementação de políticas. Em 2002, o Brasil aprovou sua Agenda 21, elaborada por meio de processo participativo, que é uma experiência significativa num contexto de grande diversidade social, ambiental e econômica, embora o Governo brasileiro não tenha ainda um sistema consolidado de monitoramento e avaliação da Agenda 21 brasileira. Seguindo orientação e incentivo da Comissão de Desenvolvimento Sustentável das Nações Unidas, o IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística publicou em 2002 os Indicadores de Desenvolvimento Sustentável - Brasil 2002. Apesar de ambos os esforços terem se desenvolvido em momentos concomitantes e possuírem como foco a mesma temática - desenvolvimento sustentável do Brasil - a não priorização da integração desses processos gerou lacunas no conjunto de indicadores, enfraquecendo oportunidade de se criar condições para a avaliação e a revisão da implementação do plano nacional de desenvolvimento sustentável e das agendas 21 locais. Esse é o foco deste documento, ao apresentar uma análise integrada sobre a elaboração da Agenda 21 brasileira, entendida como um Plano Nacional Estratégico para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, e a construção dos Indicadores de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Brasil, propostos pelo IBGE, apresentando pontos positivos, avanços, oportunidades, lacunas e perspectivas.National States have elaborated their strategies and plans regarding the promotion of sustainable development, responding to growing pressure from the

¿Qué tan importante es el agua? Desarrollo sustentable y recursos naturales

OpenAIRE

Kras, Eva; Simonsen, Ove

2001-01-01

A partir de una definición de desarrollo sustentable, se presenta el modelo de desarrollo global como filosofía imperante en torno al agua, y las realidades globales del agua, particularmente en torno a la contaminación, la salud, y la sustentabilidad y seguridad. Se analizan las oportunidades y retos para los países en desarrollo de América Latina, y se proponen acciones puntuales.

El papel del mercado en la construcción de organizaciones sustentables

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Dante David Solís Santamaría

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del artículo es discutir cómo el mercado propicia modificaciones estructura-les en las organizaciones que agilizan su tránsito hacia la sustentabilidad. Se discute y propone una estructura analítica que es contrastada en la producción de uva de mesa en Hermosillo, Sonora. La metodología con-siste en un análisis indirecto sobre las condi-ciones de mercado del sistema uva de mesa y un panel de entrevistas que incluyen el perfil del puesto, gerencia, mercado y toma de deci-siones realizadas a dieciocho gerentes selec-cionados de una población de 39 organizacio-nes productoras de uva de mesa con una muestra estadística al 95% de confianza y 7% de error. Resultados: La evidencia empírica señala que las condiciones de mercado actua-les se expresan en rigurosas certificaciones en los campos de responsabilidad social, inocui-dad, calidad, seguridad y producción orgáni-ca. Limitaciones: durante la investigación surgieron complicaciones logísticas que obli-garon a modificar la muestra. Conclusiones: las condiciones de mercado han demandado nuevos perfiles y han modificado las formas organizativas, mismas que transitan de es-tructuras verticales hacia estructuras sistémi-cas sustentables: un cambio de empresa a or-ganizaciones sustentables.

Analysis of the Sales Promotion in Choice Retail Outlet

OpenAIRE

HUMPOLCOVÁ, Michaela

2010-01-01

My bachelor thesis is aimed at sales promotion in a retail outlet. The main aim of this thesis is evaluate the current state of sales promotion in a selected retail outlet and based on the analysis of the current state of sales promotion in the outlet to try to propose some measures of improve.

Criterios de diseño sustentable para la arquitectura habitacional, en Jalisco

OpenAIRE

Ávila Ramírez, David Carlos

2010-01-01

La presente propuesta pretende analizar las circunstancias actuales de la aplicación de las normativas de edificación vigentes y su relación con las condiciones de sustentabilidad del entorno específico en la zona centro occidente de México, con la finalidad principal de desarrollar criterios e indicadores de habitabilidad necesarios para el desarrollo de edificaciones sustentables. Esta propuesta se adscribe a la iniciativa realizada por la comisión nacional de vivienda (CONAVI) para elabora...

Planes y proyectos para un desarrollo sustentable

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Mg. Arq. Jorge Montenegro

2014-12-01

Full Text Available La cátedra de Urbanismo I A de la Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, considera que es fundamental educar a los alumnos en la construcción de un pensamiento crítico reflexivo, sobre la base de teorías, modelos y metodologías preocupados por el desarrollo sustentable de nuestras ciudades. En este contexto, la cátedra promueve la construcción de una visión holística sobre la ciudad, abordando los contenidos, metodologías e instrumentación específca —planes maestros, proyectos urbanos— desde los enfoques tradicionales: físico–funcional y morfológico–perceptual, los que se complementan con una mirada socioambiental del fenómeno urbano. En este artículo presentamos una síntesis de la tarea académica que desarrollamos.

Availability of limited service food outlets surrounding schools in British Columbia.

Science.gov (United States)

Black, Jennifer L; Day, Meghan

2012-06-05

The purpose of this study was to provide a descriptive profile of the availability of limited service food outlets surrounding public schools in British Columbia, Canada. Data from the 2010 Canadian Business Data Files were used to identify limited service food outlets including fast food outlets, beverage and snack food stores, delis and convenience stores. The number of food outlets within 800 metres of 1,392 public schools and the distance from schools to the nearest food outlets were assessed. Multivariate regression models examined the associations between food outlet availability and school-level characteristics. In 2010, over half of the public schools in BC (54%) were located within a 10-12 minute walk from at least one limited service food outlet. The median closest distance to a food outlet was just over 1 km (1016 m). Schools comprised of students living in densely populated urban neighbourhoods and neighbourhoods characterized by lower socio-economic status were more likely to have access to limited service food outlets within walking distance. After adjusting for school-level median family income and population density, larger schools had higher odds of exposure to food vendors compared to schools with fewer students. The availability of and proximity to limited service food outlets vary widely across schools in British Columbia and school-level characteristics are significantly associated with food outlet availability. Additional research is needed to understand how food environment exposures inside and surrounding schools impact students' attitudes, food choices and dietary quality.

Entirely Laparoscopic Gastrectomy and Colectomy for Remnant Gastric Cancer with Gastric Outlet Obstruction and Transverse Colon Invasion

OpenAIRE

Kim, Hyun Il; Kim, Min Gyu

2015-01-01

It is well known that gastrectomy with curative intent is the best way to improve outcomes of patients with remnant gastric cancer. Recently,several investigators reported their experiences with laparoscopic gastrectomy of remnant gastric cancer. We report the case of an 83-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with remnant gastric cancer with obstruction. She underwent an entirely laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with colectomy because of direct invasion of the transverse colon. The opera...

Role of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α3 and α7 Subunits in Detrusor Overactivity Induced by Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Rats

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Hyo Sin Kim

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Purpose: To investigate the role of α3 and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits (nAChRs in the bladder, using a rat model with detrusor overactivity induced by partial bladder outlet obstruction (BOO. Methods: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were used: 10 were sham-operated (control group and 30 were observed for 3 weeks after partial BOO. BOO-induced rats were further divided into 3 groups: Two groups of 10 rats each received intravesicular infusions with hexamethonium (HM group; n=10 or methyllycaconitine (MLC group; n=10, which are antagonists for α3 and α7 nAChRs, respectively. The remaining BOO-induced rats received only saline infusion (BOO group; n=10. Based on the contraction interval measurements using cystometrogram, the contraction pressure and nonvoiding bladder contractions were compared between the control and the three BOO-induced groups. Immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting were used to analyze α3 and α7 nAChRs levels. Results: The contraction interval of the MLC group was higher than that of the BOO group (P<0.05. Nonvoiding bladder contraction almost disappeared in the HM and MLC groups. Contraction pressure increased in the BOO group (P<0.05 compared with the control group and decreased in the HM and MLC groups compared with the BOO group (P<0.05. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the α3 nAChR signals increased in the urothelium, and the α7 nAChR signals increased in the urothelium and detrusor muscle of the BOO group compared with the control group. Western blot analysis showed that both α3 and α7 nAChR levels increased in the BOO group (P<0.05. Conclusions: Alpha3 and α7 nAChRs are associated with detrusor overactivity induced by BOO. Furthermore, nAChR antagonists could help in clinically improving detrusor overactivity.

Thoracic outlet syndrome: Case report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marquez, Juan Camilo; Acosta, Mauricio Fernando; Uribe Jorge Ricardo

2009-01-01

We report a case of vascular thoracic outlet syndrome in a young man, diagnosed with upper limb arteriography, leading to repeated arterio-arterial emboli originating from a post-stenotic subclavian artery aneurysm. It is of our interest due to its low incidence and the small number of cases reported that have been diagnosed by arteriography. The thoracic outlet is the path through which vascular and neural structures goes from the neck to the axilla, and it has three anatomical strictures, that when pronounced, can compress the brachial plexus or subclavian vessels, leading to different symptoms and signs.

Revisión de indicadores de comunicación de aspectos ambientales para el consumo de productos sustentables

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Gabriel Cereceda

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Si consideramos que la viabilidad de todo Desarrollo pasa por su factibilidad económica y que la base de toda economía es el consumo de bienes, podríamos decir que la viabilidad económica de un Desarrollo Sustentable pasa por el consumo de productos Sustentables. Esto nos lleva a que como sociedad debemos cambiar comportamientos y hábitos de consumo, pero no la manera de consumir, pues desestabilizaríamos el sistema económico actual. En tal sentido, el consumo de estos bienes, pasa por la capacidad de éstos para diferenciarse de los productos tradicionales y de comunicar sus aspectos ambientales. Históricamente, el instrumento utilizado para este fin ha sido la Ecoetiqueta, pero ésta no ha logrado influenciar las decisiones de compra y ha causado confusión en los consumidores principalmente por el tipo de indicadores que utiliza para comunicar los aspectos ambientales de un producto y la manera de hacerlo. De este modo, la definición de indicadores mixtos que permitan generar estándares de comparación entre productos similares; el uso de información clara que disminuya la asimetría de información en el mercado; y una información creíble, certificada por una tercera parte, parecen ser la solución al problema de comunicación para el consumo de productos sustentables.

Effects of chronic administration of tamsulosin and tadalafil, alone or in combination, in rats with bladder outlet obstruction induced by chronic nitric oxide deficiency

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Rommel Prata Regadas

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Purpose The aim of this study was to define if tadalafil causes detrusor muscle impairment and to observe the effect of combination of tadalafil with tamsulosin on the lower urinary tract of rats with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO induced by chronic nitric oxide deficiency. Materials and Methods Thirty-one male rats were randomized to following groups: 1 - control; 2 - L-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 3 - Tamsulosin + L-NAME, 4 Tadalafil+L-NAME; and 5 - Tamsulosin + Tadalafil + L-NAME. At the end of the treatment period (30 days, all animals were submitted to urodynamic study. Results The administration of L-NAME increased the number of non-voiding contractions (NVC (1.04 ± 0.22, volume threshold (VT (1.86 ± 0.35, and micturition cycle (MC (1.34 ± 0.11 compared with control (0.52 ± 0.06, 0.62 ± 0.06, and 0.67 ± 0.30, respectively. The administration of tamsulosin reduced the number of NVC (0.57 ± 0.42 and VT (0.76 ± 0.24 compared with L-NAME group. Co-treatment with tadalafil decreased the number of VT (0.85 ± 0.53 and MC (0.76 ± 0.22 compared with L-NAME group. The combination of tamsulosin with tadalafil improved the number of NVC (0.56 ± 0.18, VT (0.97 ± 0.52 and MC (0.68 ± 0.30 compared with L-NAME group. Conclusion In rats with BOO induced by chronic nitric oxide deficiency, tadalafil did not cause impairment in detrusor muscle and seems to have an addictive effect to tamsulosin because the combination decreased non voiding contractions as well the number of micturition cycles.

A temática do desenvolvimento sustentável em grupos de pesquisa The sustainable development thematic in the research groups

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Maria Cristina Piumbato Innocentini Hayashi

2006-01-01

Full Text Available A inovação tecnológica trouxe para o debate a questão do desenvolvimento tecnológico sustentável. O artigo apresenta um conjunto de reflexões teóricas sobre os temas ciência,tecnologia e desenvolvimento sustentável e aponta as contribuições da Ciência da Informação, enquanto ciência interdisciplinar, para a compreensão do desenvolvimento sustentável. Com base neste referencial foi realizada uma investigação, de natureza exploratória descritiva comabordagem quanti-qualitativa, tendo como objetivo principal identificar a presença da temática do desenvolvimento sustentável em grupos de pesquisa da UFSCar cadastrados noDiretório de Grupos de Pesquisa no Brasil/CNPq. Os resultados apontaram que a temática do desenvolvimento sustentável está presente em onze grupos de pesquisa da UFSCar distribuídas em diferentes áreas de conhecimento. Comparando os dados obtidos com os grupos de pesquisa do país que participaram do Censo 2004 do Diretório de Grupos de Pesquisa no Brasil/CNPq verificou-se que há similaridade entre ambos os achados. De acordo com a literatura científica, confirma-se que a temática do desenvolvimento sustentável é interdisciplinar e que a produção de conhecimento dos grupos de pesquisa é fruto de saberesarticulados entre várias áreas do conhecimento.The technological innovation brought for the debate the question of the sustainable technological development. The article presents an entirety of theoretical reflections on the science, technology and sustainable development themes and to aim the contributions of the Information Science, while interdisciplinary science, with respect to the understanding of the sustainable development. With basis in this reference it was carried through the investigation of descriptive exploratory nature with quanti-qualitative boarding, having as main objective to identify the presence of the sustainable development thematic in research groups of the UFSCar

O Princípio da Prevenção e Precaução nas Licitações Sustentáveis

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Dagmar Albertina Gemelli

2015-06-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma abordagem sobre as licitações sustentáveis à luz do princípio da precaução. Por meio do método de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, será realizada uma análise dos conceitos de licitações sustentáveis e a sua relação com o princípio da precaução e prevenção, partindo da obrigatoriedade prevista no art. 3°, da Lei n° 8.666/1993, de inclusão de critérios de sustentabilidade nas licitações públicas.

Atividades extensionistas, promoção da saúde e desenvolvimento sustentável: experiência de um grupo de pesquisa em enfermagem

OpenAIRE

Siqueira, Samylla Maira Costa; Jesus, Viviane Silva de; Santos, Elane Nayara Batista dos; Whitaker, Maria Carolina Ortiz; Sousa, Brendo Vitor Nogueira; Camargo, Climene Laura de

2017-01-01

Resumo Introdução: A extensão universitária é uma forma de interação entre a universidade e a comunidade, e, a partir dela, é possível desenvolver atividades de promoção da saúde, a exemplo do desenvolvimento sustentável de comunidades vulneráveis. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de um grupo de pesquisa no desenvolvimento de atividades de extensão em enfermagem para a promoção da saúde e desenvolvimento sustentável de comunidades quilombolas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do t...

Falacias del desarrollo sustentable: una crítica desde la metamorfosis conceptual

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Daniel Murillo Licea

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Se revisan los orígenes de los conceptos de desarrollo rural y desarrollo sustentable desde un punto de vista en el que las ciencias del lenguaje, la semiótica y la comunicación entran en juego. Se presentan, a grandes rasgos, algunos elementos que aparecen en la determinación del uso y empleo de programas aplicados en México, así como dos ejemplos donde el desarrollo rural fue un pretexto para la aplicación y la actuación de algunas instituciones públicas.

Análise de desempenho dos investimentos sustentáveis no mercado acionário brasileiro

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Felipe Arias Fogliano de Souza Cunha

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho estudou o Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE da Bolsa de Mercadorias e Futuros e Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BM&FBOVESPA, com o objetivo principal de analisar o desempenho histórico dos investimentos sustentáveis no mercado acionário brasileiro, considerando o período de dezembro de 2005 a dezembro de 2010. Foram utilizados, principalmente, os seguintes índices de desempenho: Sharpe, Treynor, Jensen, Sortino, Modigliani & Modigliani e Omega. Concluiu-se que, embora os investimentos sustentáveis tenham registrado características interessantes no mercado acionário brasileiro, tais como baixo risco diversificável e aumento de liquidez, não obtiveram, no período de análise, um desempenho financeiro satisfatório. À medida que a adoção de critérios que exijam elevado desempenho das empresas no que tange às questões sobre sustentabilidade se tornar obrigatória, esses investimentos tenderão à valorização.

Cuerpos enclaustrados: el caso de las Ciudades Rurales Sustentables en Chiapas, México

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Mariflor Aguilar

2013-12-01

Full Text Available A partir del análisis del “Plan Puebla Panamá” rebautizado recientemente con el nombre de “Proyecto de Integración y Desarrollo de Mesoamérica” se analiza el proyecto de las ciudades rurales sustentables en el estado de Chiapas, México, las cuales han sido legitimadas bajo un discurso que las autoras denominan blindaje discursivo de las políticas públicas, el cual legitima la expropiación de las tierras campesinas y la liberación de los campesinos como fuerza de trabajo barata al servicio de los intereses del capital trasnacional. Particulariza en un estudio de caso de la Ciudad Rural Sustentable Nuevo Juan de Grijalba bajo el intento de mostrar que el  enclaustramiento y la subordinación forzosa se manifiestan en la transformación de los sujetos, que pasan de ser campesinos con tierras propias y producción para el autoconsumo, a fuerza de trabajo liberada presa de los mercados laborales y locales; de sujetos autónomos con espacios de hábitat amplios conformados también por tradiciones culturales, a cuerpos hacinados en pequeñas casas llenas de ratas; de colectividades con tradiciones de participación política comunitaria, a sujetos vigilados y con temor de manifestar cualquier oposición política.

Cuerpos enclaustrados: el caso de las Ciudades Rurales Sustentables en Chiapas, México.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mariflor Aguilar

2013-12-01

Full Text Available A partir del análisis del “Plan Puebla Panamá” rebautizado recientemente con el nombre de “Proyecto de Integración y Desarrollo de Mesoamérica” se analiza el proyecto de las ciudades rurales sustentables en el estado de Chiapas, México, las cuales han sido legitimadas bajo un discurso que las autoras denominan blindaje discursivo de las políticas públicas, el cual legitima la expropiación de lastierras campesinas y la liberación de los campesinos como fuerza de trabajo barata al servicio de los intereses del capital trasnacional. Particulariza en un estudio de caso de la Ciudad Rural Sustentable Nuevo Juan de Grijalba bajo el intento de mostrar que el enclaustramiento y la subordinación forzosa se manifiestan en la transformación de los sujetos, que pasan de ser campesinos con tierras propias y producción para el autoconsumo, a fuerza de trabajo liberada presa de los mercados laborales y locales; de sujetos autónomos con espacios de hábitat amplios conformadostambién por tradiciones culturales, a cuerpos hacinados en pequeñas casasllenas de ratas; de colectividades con tradiciones de participación política comunitaria, a sujetos vigilados y con temor de manifestar cualquier oposición política.

Alcohol beverage control, privatization and the geographic distribution of alcohol outlets

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Grubesic Tony H

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background With Pennsylvania currently considering a move away from an Alcohol Beverage Control state to a privatized alcohol distribution system, this study uses a spatial analytical approach to examine potential impacts of privatization on the number and spatial distribution of alcohol outlets in the city of Philadelphia over a long time horizon. Methods A suite of geospatial data were acquired for Philadelphia, including 1,964 alcohol outlet locations, 569,928 land parcels, and school, church, hospital, park and playground locations. These data were used as inputs for exploratory spatial analysis to estimate the expected number of outlets that would eventually operate in Philadelphia. Constraints included proximity restrictions (based on current ordinances regulating outlet distribution of at least 200 feet between alcohol outlets and at least 300 feet between outlets and schools, churches, hospitals, parks and playgrounds. Results Findings suggest that current state policies on alcohol outlet distributions in Philadelphia are loosely enforced, with many areas exhibiting extremely high spatial densities of outlets that violate existing proximity restrictions. The spatial model indicates that an additional 1,115 outlets could open in Philadelphia if privatization was to occur and current proximity ordinances were maintained. Conclusions The study reveals that spatial analytical approaches can function as an excellent tool for contingency-based “what-if” analysis, providing an objective snapshot of potential policy outcomes prior to implementation. In this case, the likely outcome is a tremendous increase in alcohol outlets in Philadelphia, with concomitant negative health, crime and quality of life outcomes that accompany such an increase.

Stratification in SNR-300 outlet plenum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reinders, R.

1983-01-01

In the inner outlet plenum of the SNR-300 under steady state conditions a large toroidal vortex is expected. The main flow passes through the gap between dipplate and shield vessel to the outer annular space. Only 3% of the flow pass the 24 emergency cooling holes, situated in the shield vessel. The sodium leaves the reactor tank through the 3 symmetrically arranged outlet nozzles. For a scram flow rates and temperatures are decreased simultaneously, so it is expected, that stratification occurs in the inner outlet plenum. A measure of stratification effects is the Archimedes Number Ar, which is the relation of buoyancy forces (negative) to kinetic energy. (The Archimedes Number is nearly identical with the Richardson Number). For values Ar>1 stratification can occur. Under the assumption of stratification the code TIRE was developed, which is only applicable for the period of time after some 50 sec after scram. This code serves for long term calculations. As the equations are very simple, it is a very fast code which gives the possibility to calculate transients for some hours real time. This code mainly has to take into account the pressure difference between inner plenum and outlet annulus caused by geodatic pressure. That force is in equilibrium with the pressure drop over the gap and holes in the shield vessel. For more detailed calculations of flow pattern and temperature distribution the code MIX and INKO 2T are applied. MIX was developed and validated at ANL, INKO 2T is a development of INTERATOM. INKO 2T is under validation. Mock up experiments were carried out with water to simulate the transient behavior of the SNR-300 outlet plenum. Calculations obtained by INKO 2T for steady state and the transient are shown for the flow pattern. Results of measurements also prove that stratification begins after about 30 sec. Measurements and detailed calculations show that it is admissible to use the code TIRE for the long term calculations. Calculations for a scram

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Science.gov (United States)

... find out more. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a ... find out more. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a ...

Ecofeminismo, mujeres y desarrollo sustentable: el caso de la Sierra de Santa Rosa en Guanajuato

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Abril Saldaña Tejeda

2015-01-01

Full Text Available en este artículo se explora la participación de las mujeres en el Programa de Desarrollo Sustentable Sierra de Santa Rosa, en Guanajuato, de 2001 a 2011. Se expone la aportación del ecofeminismo para la noción de desarrollo sustentable, y para entender el vínculo entre la naturaleza y las mujeres. Se argumenta que la historia de la región, en específico el auge de la industria minera durante la Colonia, es un buen punto de partida para entender los problemas ambientales de la sierra y para visualizar el vínculo entre las estructuras que funcionan en detrimento del medio ambiente y de las mujeres. Así como también que dicho programa tuvo un efecto positivo en la participación social de las mujeres. Sin embargo, existen todavía retos importantes que se manifiestan en estructuras ideológicas, que impiden la participación de las mujeres como líderes y no sólo como trabajadoras, en las condiciones de pobreza que obstaculizan un verdadero compromiso con la sustentabilidad.

DURAMAZ, um Sistema de Indicadores de Desenvolvimento Sustentável na Amazônia

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Martine Droulers

2011-07-01

Full Text Available A análise do processo de sustentabilidade representa um grande desafio científico enquanto a Amazônia constitui um verdadeiro laboratório onde estão sendo testadas inúmeras concepções desse conceito. Haveria pontos ou mecanismos comuns entre estas? Esse é o ponto que pesquisou o programa DURAMAZ, que teve como objetivo de desvendar fatores chaves, ou “determinantes” do desenvolvimento sustentável (DS na Amazônia brasileira através da identificação dos impactos geográficos, demográficos e socioeconômicos de 13 projetos de DS. Apresentamos os pontos-chaves da metodologia, assim como algumas visões de síntese sobre a aplicação do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável. Entender as dinâmicas internas de cada uma dessas experiências foi a meta principal, assim como entender as razões de um bom desempenho. O resultado final do programa de pesquisa reside na construção de um sistema de indicadores a partir de bancos de dados sistematizados (socioeconômico, demográfico/biográfico e geográfico e na análise de seus resultados.

Desarrollo de productos turísticos rurales sustentables. Propuesta y validación de expertos respecto a tres variables.

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Luis Fernando Figueroa González

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El turismo rural sustentable representa una alternativa para el desarrollo económico, social y ecológico de las comunidades rurales, para lo cual es necesario desarrollar productos y servicios turísticos apropiados. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en identificar desde la validación de expertos, variables clave para el desarrollo de productos turísticos rurales sustentables. Se desarrolló una investigación exploratoria y descriptiva dividida en tres fases. La primera de ellas se apoyó en la identificación de variables a partir de la revisión de literatura identificándose tres categorías: motivación para viajes a destinos turísticos rurales, recursos e imagen del destino rural sustentable. En la segunda fase de la investigación ocho expertos agregaron nuevas variables, integrándose éstas a las obtenidas en la etapa previa. Finalmente, en la tercera fase se aplicó el método Fuzzy Delphi evaluándose y validándose las variables obtenidas a través de seis expertos. Los resultados validaron la mayor parte de las variables identificadas teórica y empíricamente, considerándose en primer lugar en motivación el contacto con la naturaleza, en la categoría de recursos predominaron los naturales y en imagen rural, la necesidad de comunicar la relevancia de la comunidad y sus recursos.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... find out more. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a ... find out more. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a ...

Hydrologic Outlets of the Greenland Ice Sheet, Version 1

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The Hydrologic Outlets of the Greenland Ice Sheet data set contains GIS point shapefiles that include 891 observed and potential hydrologic outlets of the Greenland...

Predictors of stent dysfunction after self-expandable metal stent placement for malignant gastric outlet obstruction: tumor ingrowth in uncovered stents and migration of covered stents.

Science.gov (United States)

Hori, Yasuki; Naitoh, Itaru; Hayashi, Kazuki; Ban, Tesshin; Natsume, Makoto; Okumura, Fumihiro; Nakazawa, Takahiro; Takada, Hiroki; Hirano, Atsuyuki; Jinno, Naruomi; Togawa, Shozo; Ando, Tomoaki; Kataoka, Hiromi; Joh, Takashi

2017-10-01

Endoscopic metallic stenting is widely accepted as a palliation therapy for malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). However, the predictors of stent dysfunction have not been clarified. We aimed to evaluate the predictors, especially tumor ingrowth in uncovered self-expandable metallic stents (U-SEMS) and migration of covered self-expandable metallic stents (C-SEMS), which are the main causes related to the stent characteristics. In this multicenter retrospective study, we compared patients with U-SEMS and C-SEMS in terms of clinical outcomes, and predictors of stent dysfunction. In total, 252 patients (126 with U-SEMS and 126 with C-SEMS) were enrolled. There were no significant differences in technical success, clinical success, GOO score, or time to stent dysfunction. Tumor ingrowth was significantly more frequent in U-SEMS (U-SEMS, 11.90% vs. C-SEMS, 0.79%; p = 0.002), and stent migration was significantly more frequent for C-SEMS (C-SEMS, 8.73% vs. U-SEMS, 0.79%; p = 0.005). Karnofsky performance status (p = 0.04), no presence of ascites (p = 0.02), and insufficient (stent expansion (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with tumor ingrowth in U-SEMS. Meanwhile, a shorter stent length (p = 0.05) and chemotherapy (p = 0.03) were predictors of C-SEMS migration. Both U-SEMS and C-SEMS are effective with comparable patencies. Tumor ingrowth and stent migration are the main causes of stent dysfunction for U-SEMS and C-SEMS, respectively. With regard to stent dysfunction, U-SEMS might be a good option for patients receiving chemotherapy, while C-SEMS with longer stents for patients in good condition. (Clinical trial registration number: UMIN000024059).

Observatorios de Desarrollo Territorial Sustentable Mendoza, Argentina.

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María Elina Gudiño

2015-03-01

Full Text Available El observatorio de Desarrollo territorial Sustentable para Mendoza, Argentina surge en el marco de la ley 8051/09 de Ordenamiento Territorial y Usos del Suelo. Se trata de una herramienta de comunicación para la validación y el monitoreo de indicadores, políticas, planes, programas y proyectos de índole territorial. El marco teórico-metodológico se sustenta en los principios del ordenamiento territorial y el enfoque de sistemas complejos adaptativos. La estructura se diseña en una plataforma tecnológica que permite estandarizar datos, sistematizar información, construir indicadores territoriales y publicar cartografía. Una vez logrado el prototipo, se conforma “Red Territorio” como modelo de gestión que permite interactuar entre instituciones del sector público, privado, científico y ONG. Actualmente, se está trabajando en la vinculación con las instituciones que formarán parte de la experiencia piloto de Red territorio y en el ajuste de la plataforma informática que le dará sustento.

AGU hydrology publication outlets

Science.gov (United States)

Freeze, R. Allan

In recent months I have been approached on several occasions by members of the hydrology community who asked me which of the various AGU journals and publishing outlets would be most suitable for a particular paper or article that they have prepared.Water Resources Research (WRR) is the primary AGU outlet for research papers in hydrology. It is an interdisciplinary journal that integrates research in the social and natural sciences of water. The editors of WRR invite original contributions in the physical, chemical and biological sciences and also in the social and policy sciences, including economics, systems analysis, sociology, and law. The editor for the physical sciences side of the journal is Donald R. Nielson, LAWR Veihmeyer Hall, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616. The editor for the policy sciences side of the journal is Ronald G. Cummings, Department of Economics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131

Acute Alcohol Consumption, Alcohol Outlets, and Gun Suicide

Science.gov (United States)

Branas, Charles C.; Richmond, Therese S.; Ten Have, Thomas R.; Wiebe, Douglas J.

2014-01-01

A case–control study of 149 intentionally self-inflicted gun injury cases (including completed gun suicides) and 302 population-based controls was conducted from 2003 to 2006 in a major US city. Two focal independent variables, acute alcohol consumption and alcohol outlet availability, were measured. Conditional logistic regression was adjusted for confounding variables. Gun suicide risk to individuals in areas of high alcohol outlet availability was less than the gun suicide risk they incurred from acute alcohol consumption, especially to excess. This corroborates prior work but also uncovers new information about the relationships between acute alcohol consumption, alcohol outlets, and gun suicide. Study limitations and implications are discussed. PMID:21929327

Theoretical analysis and simulation of obstructed breakup of micro-droplet in T-junction under an asymmetric pressure difference

Science.gov (United States)

Fu, Yuhang; Bai, Lin; Jin, Yong; Cheng, Yi

2017-03-01

Asymmetric droplet breakup under a pressure difference at two outlets of a T-junction is investigated theoretically and numerically in this study. An accurate analysis of the evolution of droplet dynamics during the obstructed breakup process has been conducted. Meanwhile, the lattice Boltzmann method based on color gradient model is employed to simulate the system with the verification of the theoretical results. It is demonstrated that the Zou-He boundary setting at each outlet is advantageous for modifying the pressure drop of the two branches of T-junction. The results reveal that asymmetric breakup of the unequally sized droplets follows two steps, namely, the filling stage and the breakup stage. Then a universal parameter is proposed to describe the asymmetric condition of droplet breakup in T-junction, which plays a key role to characterize the temporal evolution of volume ratio and the droplet length of formed smaller droplets.

Improvement of seawater booster pump outlet check valve

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Xuning; Du Yansong; Huang Huimin

2010-01-01

Conventional island seawater booster pump set of QNPC 310 MWe unit are very important in the whole circulating cooling system, and the integrate function of seawater booster pump outlet check valve is the foundation of steady operation of the seawater booster pump set. The article mainly introduce that through the analyses to the reason to the problem that the seawater booster pump outlet check valve of QNPC 310 MWe unit appeared in past years by our team, and considering the influence of operation condition and circumstance, the team improve the seawater booster pump outlet check valve from swing check valve to shuttle check valve which operate more appropriately in the system. By the test of continuous practice, we make further modification to the inner structure of shuttle check valve contrapuntally, and therefore we solve the problem in seawater booster pump outlet check valve fundamentally which has troubled the security of system operation in past years, so we realize the aim of technical improvement and ensure that the system operate in safety and stability. (authors)

Estratégias de educação sustentável e gestão de pessoas: novos rumos?

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Darticléia Almeida Sampaio da Rocha Soares

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo buscou-se compreender se as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES, noscursos de Administração que priorizam a educação sustentável de modo compatível aosPrinciples for Responsible Management Education (PRME, tornaram seus alunos candidatospotenciais nos processos de recrutamento e seleção em empresas brasileiras. A base teóricaalicerçou-se em Boyatzis e Dutra. A metodologia é de caráter exploratório - descritiva comabordagem qualitativa. Os resultados demonstram que a maioria das empresas, apesar deconsiderarem fundamental o conhecimento dos candidatos sobre educação sustentável,ainda não utiliza esse critério nos processos de recrutamento, seleção e desenvolvimento decarreira, em virtude do desconhecimento em relação ao esforço que as IES vêm realizandojuntamente à rede PRME.

La educación ambiental y su importancia en la relación sustentable: Hombre-Naturaleza- Territorio

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Ronald Fernando Quintana Arias

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Promover la importancia de la educación ambiental en el fortalecimiento de la relación sustentable Hombre-Naturaleza-Territorio en 8 niños y niñas observadores de aves de la primaria María Berchmans. Metodología. Entre agosto y noviembre del 2015 desarrollé un estudio de caso basado en el aprendizaje vivencial, social y experiencial, que se dividió en dos fases en las que se encontraban 19 actividades clasificadas dentro de siete categorías. Resultados. El desarrollo tanto de habilidades cognitivas “duras” como de habilidades socioemocionales “blandas” exponiendo diferentes ambientes educacionales, incentiva un aprendizaje activo que fortalece la relación sustentable Hombre-Naturaleza-Territorio. Conclusión. La generación de una conciencia de conservación ambiental al contemplar la importancia de la educación escolar en la relación Hombre-Naturaleza-Territorio lleva a la apropiación de la biodiversidad (natural-cultural y a generar aprendizajes significativos.

Effects of combined treatment of tadalafil and tamsulosin on bladder dysfunction via the inhibition of afferent nerve activities in a rat model of bladder outlet obstruction.

Science.gov (United States)

Furuta, Akira; Suzuki, Yasuyuki; Igarashi, Taro; Koike, Yusuke; Egawa, Shin; Yoshimura, Naoki

2018-03-08

To investigate the effects of combined treatment of tadalafil (a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor) and tamsulosin (an α 1 -adrenoceptor antagonist) on bladder dysfunction in a rat model of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Cystometry was performed in conscious female BOO rats 6 weeks after partially ligation of the urethra. Either tadalafil (0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) or tamsulosin (0.001, 0.003 and 0.01 mg/kg) was cumulatively applied intravenously at 30-min intervals to examine changes in cystometric parameters and blood pressures. Changes in cystometric parameters and blood pressures were also checked when tadalafil (0.3 mg/kg), tamsulosin (0.003 mg/kg) or both were intravenously applied. In BOO rats, application of either tadalafil (0.3 mg/kg) or tamsulosin (0.003, 0.01 mg/kg) alone significantly increased threshold pressures and intercontraction intervals whereas there were no significant changes in other cystometric parameters. In addition, because a significant reduction in blood pressures was detected after the administration of tamsulosin (0.01 mg/kg), tamsulosin at a lower dose (0.003 mg/kg) was used for the combined treatment. The combination therapy of tadalafil and tamsulosin induced a significantly larger rate of increase in intercontraction intervals (1.7 times) compared with monotherapy of either drug (1.3 times each) although the combined therapy did not affect blood pressures. These results suggest that the combination therapy of tadalafil and tamsulosin can induce the additive inhibitory effects on urinary frequency compared with monotherapy, more likely via inhibition of the afferent limb of micturition reflex rather than the efferent function as evidenced by the increases in threshold pressures and intercontraction intervals without affecting bladder contractile function.

Outcome of self-expandable metallic stent deployment in patients with malignant gastroduodenal outlet obstruction and Niti-S and WallFlex comparison: a multicenter retrospective clinical study.

Science.gov (United States)

Kato, Hironari; Kawamoto, Hirofumi; Matsumoto, Kazuya; Moriyama, Ichiro; Kamada, Hideki; Tsutsumi, Koichiro; Goto, Daisuke; Fukuba, Nobuhiko; Kato, Kiyohito; Sonoyama, Hiroki; Isomoto, Hajime; Okada, Hiroyuki

2016-08-01

Several studies report on the outcomes of self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) deployment for malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). However, data was mostly based on the analysis of single-center studies including only a small number of patients. This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes after the deployment of SEMS in patients with malignant GOO and to compare the clinical outcomes of two metallic stents with different designs. Altogether 125 consecutive patients from five institutions were included. Clinical outcomes were evaluated according to technical success, clinical success, stent patency period, survival period and complications. A comparison of clinical outcomes between Niti-S pyloric/duodenal and WallFlex duodenal stents was also undertaken. Rates for clinical and technical success were 100% and 92.0%, respectively. The median stent patency and survival periods were 72.0 days (range 3-775 days) and 75.0 days (range 3-775 days), respectively. The rate of overall adverse events was 28.8%. The rate of stent dysfunction was 16.8%, and that of adverse events, except stent dysfunction was 12.0%. Massive bleeding occurred in two patients as a late complication. The clinical success rate for Niti-S stent was significantly higher than that for WallFlex stent (96.2% vs 84.8%, P = 0.023). We successfully deployed a SEMS in malignant GOO. The selection of a SEMS with a lower axial force may be important for patients to resume the oral food intake. Additionally, consideration must be given to the appropriate management of fatal bleeding as a late complication. © 2016 Chinese Medical Association Shanghai Branch, Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

A longitudinal analysis of alcohol outlet density and domestic violence.

Science.gov (United States)

Livingston, Michael

2011-05-01

A small number of studies have identified a positive relationship between alcohol outlet density and domestic violence. These studies have all been based on cross-sectional data and have been limited to the assessment of ecological correlations between outlet density and domestic violence rates. This study provides the first longitudinal examination of this relationship. Cross-sectional time-series using aggregated data from small areas. The relationships between alcohol outlet density and domestic violence were assessed over time using a fixed-effects model. Controls for the spatial autocorrelation of the data were included in the model. The study uses data for 186 postcodes from within the metropolitan area of Melbourne, Australia for the years 1996 to 2005. Alcohol outlet density measures for three different types of outlets (hotel/pub, packaged liquor, on-premise) were derived from liquor licensing records and domestic violence rates were calculated from police-recorded crime data, based on the victim's postcode. Alcohol outlet density was associated significantly with rates of domestic violence, over time. All three licence categories were positively associated with domestic violence rates, with small effects for general (pub) and on-premise licences and a large effect for packaged liquor licences. In Melbourne, the density of liquor licences is positively associated with rates of domestic violence over time. The effects were particularly large for packaged liquor outlets, suggesting a need for licensing policies that pay more attention to o off-premise alcohol availability. © 2011 The Authors, Addiction © 2011 Society for the Study of Addiction.

Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Ameliorates Bladder Fibrosis in a Rat Model of Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction by Inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad Pathway Activation.

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Xiaoxiao Jiang

Full Text Available Transforming growth factor (TGF-β1 is known to play a pivotal role in a diverse range of biological systems including modulation of fibrosis in several organs. The precise role of TGF-β/Smad signaling in the progression of bladder fibrosis secondary to partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO is yet to be conclusively. Using a rat PBOO model, we investigated TGF-β1 expression and exaimined whether sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS could inhibit TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway activation and ameliorate bladder fibrosis. Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group (n = 16, PBOO operation without STS treatment group (n = 16 and PBOO operation with STS treatment group (n = 16. Thirty-two rats underwent the operative procedure to create PBOO and subsequently received intraperitoneal injections of STS (10 mg/kg/d; n = 16 or vehicle (n = 16 two days after the surgery. Sham surgery was conducted on 16 rats, which received intraperitoneal vehicle injection two days later. In each of the three groups, an equal number of rats were sacrificed at weeks 4 and 8 after the PBOO or sham operation. The TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway was analyzed using western blotting, immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR. One-way analysis of variance was conducted to draw statistical inferences. At 4 and 8 weeks, the expression of TGF-β1 and phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3 in STS-treated PBOO rats was significantly lower than in the PBOO rats not treated with STS. Alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, collagen I and collagen III expression at 4 and 8 weeks post PBOO was lower in STS-treated PBOO rats when compared to that in PBOO rats not treated with STS. Our findings indicate that STS ameliorates bladder fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway activation, and may prove to be a potential therapeutic measure for preventing bladder fibrosis secondary to PBOO

α1-Blockers in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Suggestive of Benign Prostatic Obstruction: Is Silodosin Different?

Science.gov (United States)

Roehrborn, Claus G; Cruz, Francisco; Fusco, Ferdinando

2017-01-01

Available α1-blockers (ABs) have different profiles of receptor selectivity. Silodosin exhibits the highest selectivity for the α 1A adrenergic receptor. This pharmacological feature couples with a singular urodynamic and clinical profile. The magnitude of bladder outlet obstruction improvement in patients receiving silodosin is higher if compared to other ABs. From a clinical point of view, current evidence suggests an advantage in favor of silodosin in terms of nocturia improvement and cardiovascular safety. The incidence of ejaculatory dysfunction with silodosin is higher compared to other Abs.

Visiones sobre los tránsitos socio-técnicos hacia patrones de consumo sustentable en agua y energía en la minería sudamericana - dos controversias argentinas

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Gloria Baigorrotegui

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo aborda el problema del consumo de agua y energía en la minería sudamericana desde una arista menos explorada: el consumo sustentable. A partir de la sociología y los estudios sociales de la ciencia y la tecnología exponemos esta problemática presentando tres patrones de consumo distintos: convencional, alternativo y progresista. A partir de fuentes secundarias y entrevistas semi-estructuradas hemos rastreado las controversias en torno a dos proyectos mineros históricos argentinos: La Alumbrera y Cerro Vanguardia, focalizando nuestras interrogantes en torno al consumo sustentable de recursos vitales como el agua y la energía. Hemos podido constatar cuán urgente se interpreta la necesidad de transitar hacia patrones de consumo sustentable, quiénes son los llamados a emprenderlos y cuáles precisiones serían necesarias a distintas escalas para efectuar dicha transición. Reconociendo que el agua y la energía son factores constitutivos del tránsito hacia patrones de consumo sustentable en minería, planteamos su centralidad en la gestión de conflictos locales dentro de la gobernanza ambiental latinoamericana. Este estudio forma parte de uno más amplio que abarca varios países sudamericanos.

Use of transvaginal ultrasound in females with primary bladder neck obstruction. A preliminary study

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Vikiela Galica

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Introduction and aim: The video-urodynamics study is the principal exam to establish a possible primary bladder neck obstruction (PBNO condition. While trans-rectal ultrasonography plays an important role in the evaluation of the low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS and the severity of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO in men, the use of the transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS in women with symptoms suggesting BOO remains unclear. We tried to check the utility of the TVUS in women with PBNO condition. Material and methods: We selected female patients which presented BOO without pelvic organ prolapse (POP. According to the data of the video-urodynamic exam we selected the patients with the suspicion of PBNO. A TVUS in basal and during micturition was performed before and after surgery. Results: TVUS showed a closed bladder neck bladder in basal condition and during micturition similarly to the fluoroscopic image during video-urodynamics. The mean distance from bladder neck to the vaginal mucosa resulted 1.3 cm in this patients. Conclusions: TVUS results worthy in the evaluation of patients with PBNO before and after surgery.

Neighbourhood fast food outlets and obesity in children and adults: the CLAN Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Crawford, David A; Timperio, Anna F; Salmon, Jo A; Baur, Louise; Giles-Corti, Billie; Roberts, Rebecca J; Jackson, Michelle L; Andrianopoulos, Nick; Ball, Kylie

2008-01-01

We examined associations between density of and proximity to fast food outlets and body weight in a sample of children (137 aged 8-9 years and 243 aged 13-15 years) and their parents (322 fathers and 362 mothers). Children's measured and parents' self-reported heights and weights were used to calculate body mass index (BMI). Locations of major fast food outlets were geocoded. Bivariate linear regression analyses examined associations between the presence of any fast food outlet within a 2 km buffer around participants' homes, fast food outlet density within the 2 km buffer, and distance to the nearest outlet and BMI. Each independent variable was also entered into separate bivariate logistic regression analyses to predict the odds of being overweight or obese. Among older children, those with at least one outlet within 2 km had lower BMI z-scores. The further that fathers lived from an outlet, the higher their BMI. Among 13-15-year-old girls and their fathers, the likelihood of overweight/obesity was reduced by 80% and 50%, respectively, if they had at least one fast food outlet within 2 km of their home. Among older girls, the likelihood of being overweight/obese was reduced by 14% with each additional outlet within 2 km. Fathers' odds of being overweight/obese increased by 13% for each additional kilometre to the nearest outlet. While consumption of fast food has been shown to be associated with obesity, this study provides little support for the concept that exposure to fast food outlets in the local neighbourhood increases risk of obesity.

Desenvolvimento Sustentável e Insolvência: Um Estudo de Empresas Brasileiras

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Luis Fernando Salles Moraes

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Os investidores tornaram-se mais críticos e conscientes na análise de longo prazo. Nesse contexto, discute-se o conceito de empresas comprometidas com o desenvolvimento sustentável. Foi comparada a probabilidade de insolvência das empresas que compõem o Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE com a probabilidade de insolvência das demais empresas da BM&FBOVESPA. A metodologia empregada foi qualitativa e quantitativa. O método de análise foi a regressão logística e a amostra foi composta de 585 observações, no período de 2006 and 2011. A partir dos resultados encontrados fez-se, inicialmente, uma análise qualitativa por setores e, na sequência, as empresas foram comparadas dentro dos setores por intermédio de um teste de médias. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa inovou ao comparar a inadimplência não somente das empresas, mas também dos diversos setores componentes da BM&FBOVESPA. A pesquisa também inovou ao considerar o evento de default como uma barreira: era preciso que as empresas apresentassem valor positivo do patrimônio líquido (Merton, 1974; empresas com patrimônio líquido negativo foram consideradas insolventes. Os principais resultados confirmaram que as empresas participantes do ISE têm menor probabilidade de default quando comparadas com suas correspondentes setoriais, tanto isoladamente quanto em conjunto. A pesquisa sugere que empresas comprometidas com as melhores práticas de desenvolvimento sustentável têm menor probabilidade de insolvência.

El Desarrollo Sustentable y análisis de su impacto en los códigos de ética ingeniería en dos países latinoamericanos.

OpenAIRE

Gil R., César

2015-01-01

El desarrollo sustentable conlleva un análisis reflexivo de la ética y crítico que los profesionales toman en su ejercicio;esto plantea, la profundización sobre el conocimiento de sus relaciones con el ambiente, para un mejor modo de acceso, gestión, participación y distribución de los bienes de producción y consumo, que no agote los recursos naturales no renovables en las comunidades; por ello, es considerar la búsqueda del desarrollo sustentable. En el ejercicio profesional, el compromiso d...

Gastric Outlet Obstruction Annular pancreas

NARCIS (Netherlands)

de Meijer, Vincent E.; van Eijck, Casper H. J.; Koerkamp, Bas Groot

A 72-year-old woman presented with a 6-month history of a dull, epigastric pain, 10-kg weight loss (from 52 kg to 42 kg), and a 6- to 8-week history of nausea and vomiting. Physical examination showed no notable abnormalities. Blood test results revealed anemia (hemoglobin 9.8 g/dL [to convert to

Evaluation of alcohol outlet density and its relation with violence

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Laranjeira Ronaldo

2002-01-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: The current study set out to investigate alcohol availability in a densely populated, residential area of suburban São Paulo associated with high levels of social deprivation and violence. Gun-related deaths and a heavy concentration of alcohol outlets are notable features of the area surveyed. Given the strong evidence for a link between alcohol availability and a number of alcohol-related problems, including violent crime, measures designed to reduce accessibility have become a favored choice for alcohol prevention programs in recent years. METHODS: The interviewers were 24 residents of the area who were trained for the study. It was selected an area of nineteen streets, covering a total distance of 3.7 km. A profile of each alcohol outlet available on the area was recorded. RESULTS: One hundred and seven alcohol outlets were recorded. The number of other properties in the same area was counted at 1,202. Two measures of outlet density may thus be calculated: the number of outlets per kilometer of roadway (29 outlets/km; and the proportion of all properties that sold alcohol (1 in 12. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study is compared with others which are mainly from developed countries and shown that the area studied have the highest density of alcohol outlet density ever recorded in the medical literature. The implication of this data related to the violence of the region is discussed. By generating a profile of alcohol sales and selling points, it was hoped to gain a better understanding of alcohol access issues within the sample area. Future alcohol prevention policy would be well served by such knowledge.

Wernicke's encephalopathy as a complication of gastroparesis after ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a common complication of malnutrition, alcohol abuse and gastric outlet obstruction. We describe a patient who developed Wernicke's encephalopathy secondary to gastroparesis, with no significant evidence of malnutrition, alcohol abuse, or gastric outlet obstruction.

UPJ obstruction

Science.gov (United States)

... junction obstruction; Obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction Images Kidney anatomy References Elder JS. Obstruction of the urinary tract. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, St. Geme JW, Schor NF, eds. ... The Kidney . 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 38. ...

Treatment of malignant gastroduodenal obstruction with using a newly designed complex expandable nitinol stent: initial experiences

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jung, Mi Hee; Ko, Ji Ho; Lee, Eun Jung; Oh, Kyeng Seung; Huh, Jin Do; Cho, Young Duk; Park, Seun Ja; Jung, Gyoo Sik

2005-01-01

We wanted to evaluate the usefulness of a new type of a complex expandable nitinol stent that was designed to reduce the stent's propensity to migration during the treatment of malignant gastroduodenal obstructions. Two types of expandable nitinol stent were constructed by weaving a single thread of 0.2mm nitinol wire in a tubular configuration: an uncovered stent 18mm in diameter and a covered stent 16mm in diameter. Both ends of the covered stent were fabricated by coaxially inserting the covered stent into the tubular uncovered stent and then attaching the two stents together with using nylon monofilament. Under fluoroscopic guidance, the stent was placed in 29 consecutive patients (20 men and 9 women, mean age: 65 years) who were suffering with malignant gastric outlet obstruction (n=20), duodenal obstruction (n=6) or combined obstruction (n=3). Clinical improvement was assessed by comparing the food intake capacity before and after the procedure. The complications were investigated during the follow up period. Stent placement was successful in all the patients. After stent placement, the symptoms improved in all but one patient. During the follow up, stent migration occurred in one patient (3%) at 34 days after the procedure. Despite the stent migration, the patient was able to resume a soft diet. Six patients developed recurrent symptoms of obstruction with tumor overgrowth at a mean of 145 days after the procedure; all the patients underwent coaxial placement of an additional stent with good results. One patient showed recurrence of obstruction due to tumor in-growth, and this was treated by placement of a second stent. Two patients with stent placement in the duodenum suffered from jaundice 26 days and 65 days, respectively, after their procedures. Placement of the newly designed complex expandable nitinol stent seems to be effective for the palliative treatment of malignant gastroduodenal obstructions. The new stent also seems to help overcome the

Treatment of malignant gastroduodenal obstruction with using a newly designed complex expandable nitinol stent: initial experiences

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jung, Mi Hee; Ko, Ji Ho; Lee, Eun Jung; Oh, Kyeng Seung; Huh, Jin Do; Cho, Young Duk; Park, Seun Ja [College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan (Korea, Republic of); Jung, Gyoo Sik [Ulsan Hospital, Ulsan (Korea, Republic of)

2005-12-15

We wanted to evaluate the usefulness of a new type of a complex expandable nitinol stent that was designed to reduce the stent's propensity to migration during the treatment of malignant gastroduodenal obstructions. Two types of expandable nitinol stent were constructed by weaving a single thread of 0.2mm nitinol wire in a tubular configuration: an uncovered stent 18mm in diameter and a covered stent 16mm in diameter. Both ends of the covered stent were fabricated by coaxially inserting the covered stent into the tubular uncovered stent and then attaching the two stents together with using nylon monofilament. Under fluoroscopic guidance, the stent was placed in 29 consecutive patients (20 men and 9 women, mean age: 65 years) who were suffering with malignant gastric outlet obstruction (n=20), duodenal obstruction (n=6) or combined obstruction (n=3). Clinical improvement was assessed by comparing the food intake capacity before and after the procedure. The complications were investigated during the follow up period. Stent placement was successful in all the patients. After stent placement, the symptoms improved in all but one patient. During the follow up, stent migration occurred in one patient (3%) at 34 days after the procedure. Despite the stent migration, the patient was able to resume a soft diet. Six patients developed recurrent symptoms of obstruction with tumor overgrowth at a mean of 145 days after the procedure; all the patients underwent coaxial placement of an additional stent with good results. One patient showed recurrence of obstruction due to tumor in-growth, and this was treated by placement of a second stent. Two patients with stent placement in the duodenum suffered from jaundice 26 days and 65 days, respectively, after their procedures. Placement of the newly designed complex expandable nitinol stent seems to be effective for the palliative treatment of malignant gastroduodenal obstructions. The new stent also seems to help overcome the

Laboratory services series: an electrical outlet and corded equipment inspection program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Davis, E.A.

1976-04-01

A research and development laboratory has thousands of electrical outlets providing power to laboratories, offices, shops, and service areas. These outlets provide power for a wide variety of portable equipment and tools that are equipped with cord and plug. Electric safety requires a periodic check of outlet grounding capability and continuing inspection and repair of corded equipment. Personnel, equipment, reports, procedures, and schedule requirements are reported

Tecnologías actuales aplicadas al desarrollo urbano sustentable Tecnologías actuales aplicadas al desarrollo urbano sustentable

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Aldemar Garduño Hernández

2012-02-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a review of information about new environmental technologies applied to urban development activities is organized and systematized. These technologies are justa portion of all technologies that can be applied to the development of cities, therefore, this paper is a presentation of the state of the art of new technologies being applied to sustainable urban development, which are mainly processes, precision tools, simulators, equipment, materials, and software and hardware, which facilitate the work of urban designers, architects and construction companies. El presente trabajo es un artículo de revisión en donde se organiza información de manera sistematizada sobre tecnologías ambientales aplicadas a cada una de las tareas y actividades que se realizan en la planeación y desarrollo urbano de las ciudades. Estas tecnologías son una parte actualizada de todas las tecnologías que se pueden aplicar, por tanto es un estado del arte de las nuevas tecnologías aplicadas al desarrollo urbano sustentable, que en su mayoría son procesos, instrumentos de medición, simuladores, equipo, materiales, software y hardware que son de gran ayuda a urbanistas, diseñadores, arquitectos, y promotores del urbanismo en las ciudades.

Alcohol outlet density and alcohol consumption in Los Angeles county and southern Louisiana

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Matthias Schonlau

2008-11-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between alcohol availability, as measured by the density of off-premise alcohol outlets, and alcohol consumption in Los Angeles county and southern Louisiana, USA. Consumption information was collected through a telephone survey of 2,881 households in Los Angeles county and pre-Katrina southern Louisiana, nested within 220 census tracts. Respondents’ addresses were geo-coded and both neighbourhood (census tracts and buffers of varying sizes and individual (network distance to the closest alcohol outlet estimates of off-sale alcohol outlet density were computed. Alcohol outlet density was not associated with the percentage of people who were drinkers in either site. Alcohol outlet density was associated with the quantity of consumption among drinkers in Louisiana but not in Los Angeles. Outlet density within a one-mile buffer of the respondent’s home was more strongly associated with alcohol consumption than outlet density in the respondent’s census tract. The conclusion is that the relationship between neighbourhood alcohol outlet density and alcohol consumption is complex and may vary due to differences in neighbourhood design and travel patterns.

Duodenal Obstruction by a Gallstone (Bouveret's Syndrome Managed by Endoscopic Stone Extraction: A Case Report and Review

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Franzjosef Schweiger

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Gastric outlet obstruction caused by a large gallstone in the duodenum or pylorus (Bouveret's syndrome is a rare complication of gallstone disease. The presenting symptoms are often nonspecific and include nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain and a history of gallbladder disease. Although the diagnosis is established only at surgery in many cases, preoperative recognition by imaging techniques and endoscopy is desirable. Surgical treatment aims at removal of the ectopic gallstone, closure of the fistula and cholecystectomy. A case of Bouveret's syndrome is presented where endoscopic extraction of the duodenal gallstone was accomplished providing definitive treatment for this patient.

Curva ambiental de Kuznets e desenvolvimento econômico sustentável

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Ronaldo A. Arraes

2006-09-01

Full Text Available A motivação deste artigo se baseia na controvérsia existente na literatura recente sobre crescimento econômico, desenvolvimento sustentável e proteção ambiental, gerada a partir da evidência empírica mostrada inicialmente por Grossman e Krueger (1995, 1996, onde a relação entre PIB per capita e emissão de poluentes toma a forma de um U-invertido, denominada na literatura como Curva Ambiental de Kuznets (CAK. Este artigo se distingue por contribuir com a explicação de fatores ligados ao desenvolvimento econômico. Como essa relação tem sido recentemente contestada, muitas interpretações estruturais da CAK têm permanecido fortemente sob o amparo ad hoc. A questão sobre tal fato estilizado é se o crescimento econômico gera por si só uma proteção automática ao meio ambiente, vis a vis ao desenvolvimento sustentável. A partir de dados em painel para países, verifica-se que as variáveis que denotam desenvolvimento sustentável apresentam uma relação fraca com o PIB per capita, quanto a sua representação para uma CAK. Há evidências para curvas ambientais com formato cúbico, indicando que o fenômeno pode ser cíclico, rejeitando-se assim as CAK originais, além de todos os indicadores de desenvolvimento selecionados apontarem para divergências entre países, exceção apenas para o indicador relacionado à educação.The motivation of this article bases on the controversy in the recent literature about economic growth, sustainable development and environmental protection, started with the empirical evidences presented by Grossman and Krueger (1995, 1996, where the relationship between per capita GDP and emission of pollutants takes the shape of an inverted-U, denominated in the literature as Environmental Kuznets Curves (EKC. This article differs from others by contributing with further explanation stemming from economic development indicators. Despite being contested by many authors, several structural

Palliative Therapy for Gastric Outlet Obstruction Caused by Unresectable Gastric Cancer: A Meta-analysis Comparison of Gastrojejunostomy with Endoscopic Stenting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shi-Bo Bian

2016-01-01

Conclusions: Both GJJ and ES are effective procedures for the treatment of GOO caused by gastric cancer. ES is associated with better short-term outcomes. GJJ is preferable to ES in terms of its lower rate of stent-related complications, re-obstruction, and reintervention. GJJ should be considered a treatment option for patients with a long life expectancy and good performance status.

Out-of-home food outlets and area deprivation: case study in Glasgow, UK

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cummins Steven

2005-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background There is a popular belief that out-of-home eating outlets, which typically serve energy dense food, may be more commonly found in more deprived areas and that this may contribute to higher rates of obesity and related diseases in such areas. Methods We obtained a list of all 1301 out-of-home eating outlets in Glasgow, UK, in 2003 and mapped these at unit postcode level. We categorised them into quintiles of area deprivation using the 2004 Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation and computed mean density of types of outlet (restaurants, fast food restaurants, cafes and takeaways, and all types combined, per 1000 population. We also estimated odds ratios for the presence of any outlets in small areas within the quintiles. Results The density of outlets, and the likelihood of having any outlets, was highest in the second most affluent quintile (Q2 and lowest in the second most deprived quintile (Q4. Mean outlets per 1,000 were 4.02 in Q2, 1.20 in Q4 and 2.03 in Q5. With Q2 as the reference, Odds Ratios for having any outlets were 0.52 (CI 0.32–0.84 in Q1, 0.50 (CI 0.31 – 0.80 in Q4 and 0.61 (CI 0.38 – 0.98 in Q5. Outlets were located in the City Centre, West End, and along arterial roads. Conclusion In Glasgow those living in poorer areas are not more likely to be exposed to out-of-home eating outlets in their neighbourhoods. Health improvement policies need to be based on empirical evidence about the location of fast food outlets in specific national and local contexts, rather than on popular 'factoids'.

Recovering the sustainable development; Al rescate del desarrollo sustentable

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Victor, David G. [Stanford University (United States)

2006-04-15

Being a victim of the lack of thinking's brightness and the current situation of politics (interest of groups), the sustainable development's popularity has decreased a lot during this last two decades. However, restoring the original aim (boost in their own terms a healthiest life for poor people) it could be changed this situation. On the other hand, there can be considered as complementary targets: to foster the economic growth, to protect the natural resources, and to ensure the social justice. [Spanish] El desarrollo sustentable -la nocion de que impulsar el crecimiento economico, proteger los recursos naturales y asegurar la justicia social pueden ser objetivos complementarios- ha perdido mucho atractivo en las dos decadas pasadas, victima de la falta de claridad de pensamiento y de la politica de intereses de grupo. El concepto puede recobrar importancia, pero solo si se restaura su proposito original: ayudar a los pobres a llevar una vida mas saludable en sus propios terminos.

Metodología para la ejecución de un cierre de minas sustentable

OpenAIRE

Diosdanis Guerrero-Almeida; Yanetsis Chacón-Pérez; Doreyis Fonseca-Hernández; Mario Court-Potrillé

2014-01-01

A partir de un diagnóstico realizado en siete regiones mineras cubanas se diseñó una metodología con un enfoque sistémico e integral que permite ejecutar el cierre de minas de manera sustentable. La metodología representa una contribución a la planificación y diseño del cierre minero al garantizar la disminución de los impactos ambientales provocados por la explotación de los yacimientos minerales y brindar a la industria patrones de uniformidad en la planificación minera.

Operacionalização das compras públicas sustentáveis na secretaria de administração penitenciária do estado de São Paulo

OpenAIRE

Geraldino Carneiro de Araújo; Cláudia Echevenguá Teixeira

2016-01-01

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a operacionalização das compras públicas sustentáveis na Secretaria de Administração Penitenciária [SAP] do estado de São Paulo. Nas licitações sustentáveis, são incluídos critérios socioambientais nos editais. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva com uma abordagem qualitativa. Foram analisados documentos e registros de arquivos, além da realização de uma entrevista. O estado de São Paulo é um dos mais organizados em termos de licitações sust...

Laboratory determination of normal operating flow rates with enlarged outlet fittings -- BDF reactors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Waters, E.D.

1960-02-02

Experiments have been conducted in the Hydraulics Laboratory, at the request of IPD`s Mechanical Development-A Operation, to determine the energy losses of various enlarged outlet fitting combinations. These experiments were conducted an steady state runs and allow the determination of the normal operating point (flow rate) of a reactor process channel under selected conditions of front header pressure and fuel charge. No attempt is made to make a mechanical or economic evaluation of the particular fitting combinations, although observations were noted which might bear on this evaluation. It is very important for the reader to bear in mind that changing outlet fittings will definitely affect the reactor tube power limits and outlet vater temperature limits. The size of the outlet fittings largely determines the present outlet temperature limits of the old reactors. The flow characteristics of these present fittings cause some degree of pressurization to suppress boiling on the fuel charge and also cause dual Panellit trip protection for certain flow changes and for power surges. Enlargement of the outlet fittings may actually reduce the allowable outlet coolant temperature limits. Since these effects cannot be determined on the apparatus used in these experiments, a complete discussion of this point is not included in this report. However, the seriousness of these effects should be known and carefully analyzed before a final selection of enlarged outlet fittings in made. This report will be one of a series. New reports in the series will be issued as data are obtained for other such outlet fitting combinations or for new concepts of outlet fitting assemblies such as the new nozzle being developed by C. E. Trantz for use on F-reactor stuck gunbarrel tubes.

Palliation of malignant gastric obstruction : fluoroscopic guided covered metallic stent placement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Jeong Min; Han, Young Min; Kim, Chong Soo; Lee, Sang Yong; Choi, Ki Chul; Lee, Soo Tak; Han, Hyun Young

2000-01-01

To demonstrate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of self-expanding, covered metallic stent placement for the palliative treatment of malignant gastric obstruction. Under fluoroscopic guidance, the placement of self-expanding, covered stents was attempted in 23 patients (age range, 31-78 years) with inoperable or recurrent gastric malignancies. All 23 suffered dysphagia and/or vomiting after the ingestion of soft foods, or swallowing difficulty. Three different types of self-expanding, covered metallic stents were used and in all patients, these were placed perorally using over the guide wire technique. Success was defined both technically and clinically. Stent placement was technically successful in 19 patients (82.6%) but because the guidewire failed to successfully negotiate the sites at which there was obstruction, was unsuccessful in four (17.4%). Stent placement was well tolerated in all patients except one, in whom an acutely angled efferent loop from remnant stomach was present. In this case, stent placement required a strong metallic guidewire. After placement, 17 of the 19 patients (89.5%) were able to ingest solid and/or soft foods without dysphagia and showed a markedly decreased incidence of vomiting. Two others showed some improvement in the frequency of vomiting but were able to ingest only a liquid diet. In one patient, the stent migrated two days after the procedure. During the follow-up period of 2-7 months (mean, 74 days), there were no clinically significant complications. For the short-term palliative treatment of patients with gastric inlet or outlet obstruction, the placement of self-expanding metallic stents has proven relatively easy and safe, as well as reasonably effective. (author)

Availability of healthier options in traditional and nontraditional rural fast-food outlets

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

McIntosh Alex

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Food prepared away from home has become increasingly popular to U.S. families, and may contribute to obesity. Sales have been dominated by fast food outlets, where meals are purchased for dining away from home or in the home. Although national chain affiliated fast-food outlets are considered the main source for fast food, fast foods are increasingly available in convenience stores and supermarkets/grocery stores. In rural areas, these nontraditional fast-food outlets may provide most of the opportunities for procurement of fast foods. Methods Using all traditional and nontraditio nal fast-food outlets identified in six counties in rural Texas, the type and number of regular and healthiermenu options were surveyed using on-site observation in all food venues that were primarily fast food, supermarket/grocery store, and convenience store and compared with 2005 Dietary Guidelines. Results Traditional fast-food outlets represented 84 (41% of the 205 opportunities for procurement of fast food; 109 (53.2% were convenience stores and 12 (5.8% supermarkets/grocery stores. Although a s imilar variety of regular breakfast and lunch/dinner entrées were available in traditional fast-food outlets and convenience stores, the variety of healthier breakfast and lunch/dinner entrées was significantly greater in fast food outlets. Compared with convenience stores, supermarkets/grocery stores provided a greater variety of regular and healthier entrées and lunch/dinner side dishes. Conclusion Convenience stores and supermarkets/grocery stores more than double the potential access to fast foods in this rural area than traditional fast-food outlets alone; however, traditional fast food outlets offer greater opportunity for healthier fast food options than convenience stores. A complete picture of fast food environment and the availability of healthier fast food options are essential to understand environmental influences on diet and health

Conciencia ambiental y conducta sustentable relacionada con el uso de energía para iluminación

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Graciela Lucía Tonello

2015-06-01

Full Text Available La conciencia ambiental es definida como un concepto multidimensional que constituye la dimensión actitudinal del comportamiento pro ambiental. En un contexto global y local de crisis energética, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivos investigar las interrelaciones entre las diferentes dimensiones de la conciencia ambiental y la posible sustentabilidad detrás de conductas relacionadas con el uso de la iluminación, en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios. La metodología incluyó el desarrollo y administración de una encuesta con diferentes secciones para estimar la conciencia ambiental mediante escalas clasificatorias y preguntas sobre percepción de problemas ambientales, la atribución de responsabilidades, escalas estandarizadas de preocupación ambiental, conocimientos ambientales y la propensión al futuro como un rasgo de la personalidad sustentable. Los resultados en general muestran que la temática energética, al menos la referida a la iluminación tomada en este estudio, no es percibida como problemática ambiental sino como una problemática que afecta a nivel individual, y la perspectiva temporal de futuro evidenciada por la muestra está referida al tiempo futuro en sí mismo, más que como rasgo de personalidad sustentable.

Radiological evaluation of double-outlet right ventricle - An analysis of cinecardioangiography in 44 cases -

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, Cheong Hee; Yeon, Kyung Mo; Han, Man Chung [Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

1984-03-15

in 4, interrupted IVC in 1, obstructive VSD in 2, ASD in 4, PDA in 4, right aortic arch with levocardia in 5, and ectopic spleen with mesocardia in 1 case. 7. Biplane cinecardioangiogram must be performed in both ventricles to define the VSD and its relationship to the great arteries, and, if necessary, should also be performed in the aorta to rule out coarctation and coronary artery abnormalities, and in the pulmonary artery to visualize pulmonary venous return and mitral valve. Angiography is of crucial importance in differentiating double-outlet right ventricle from tetralogy of Fallot and complete transposition of the great arteries.

Diseño Urbano Sustentable de Conjuntos Habitacionales

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Alberto H. Papparelli

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El trabajo describe dos métodos de aplicación en el diseño urbano sustentable de conjuntos de viviendas en propiedad horizontal en altura, basados en el reconocimiento de la ciudad como un sistema ambiental. Estos métodos, combinados entre sí, permiten el abordaje del diseño urbano con el objetivo de colaborar con la apropiación de los espacios públicos y semi-públicos, procurando ciudades inclusivas y no selectivas. Dichos métodos: Leyes de Generación Espaciofuncional y Sistema de Umbrales Urbanos, son empleados desde hace más de una década en los Talleres de Arquitectura IV(A y V(B de la Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño (UNSJ - Argentina, período durante el cual fueron verificados y ajustados en sus conceptos teóricos y en su praxis. Si bien resultan de utilidad en el diseño urbano de conjunto de viviendas multifamiliares, también pueden ser usados como herramienta en el diseño de conjuntos edilicios institucionales y culturales, en entornos urbanos de complejidad media y alta.

El patrimonio natural y cultural como base para estrategias de turismo sustentable en la Sonora Rural

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patricia L. Salido Araiza

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Para la región del Río Sonora, el turismo es considerado una atractiva oportunidad de desarrollo regional, a la vez que un reto para el manejo de su patrimonio natural y cultural. Desde hace décadas, sus comunidades han venido perdiendo dinamismo económico de manera constante, reflejado en la depresión de su sector agropecuario, así como una tendencia decreciente de la población ante la falta de alternativas económicas regionales. Este trabajo se enfoca en el examen de las oportunidades y desafíos que presentan los factores naturales y culturales de la región, como bases de una propuesta de desarrollo turístico sustentable. Los resultados muestran que la Ruta del Río Sonora constituye, más que nada, un itinerario fundamentado en un área con alto contenido históricocultural y definido particularmente por la demanda del visitante actual. Es el significado de este patrimonio aunado al medio ambiente natural constituye una parte importante de su imagen. De ahí la necesidad de reconocer los valores de sus recursos naturales, históricos y culturales para resaltar el desarrollo del producto turístico y en particular el manejo sustentable de sus lugares en el largo plazo.

Metodología para la ejecución de un cierre de minas sustentable

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diosdanis Guerrero-Almeida

2014-10-01

Full Text Available A partir de un diagnóstico realizado en siete regiones mineras cubanas se diseñó una metodología con un enfoque sistémico e integral que permite ejecutar el cierre de minas de manera sustentable. La metodología representa una contribución a la planificación y diseño del cierre minero al garantizar la disminución de los impactos ambientales provocados por la explotación de los yacimientos minerales y brindar a la industria patrones de uniformidad en la planificación minera.

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Cheyne-Stokes respiration), obstructive sleep apnoea and mixed or complex sleep apnoea.1. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is the most common of these three disorders and is defined as airway obstruction during sleep, accompanied by at least ...

Manejo sostenible y sustentable de fincas productoras mediante procesos participativos en Sáchica, Boyacá

OpenAIRE

Ángel Eduardo Ramírez-Amaya; Germán Gonzalo Hurtado

2013-01-01

Objetivo. Elaborar un proyecto de desarrollo sostenible y sustentable de fincas productoras mediante procesos participativos en el municipio de Sáchica, Boyacá. Materiales y métodos. La investigación se realizó con familias campesinas de la vereda Arrayán Alto, del municipio de Sáchica, Boyacá, mediante la metodología Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP), que se centra en la participación de las comunidades para elaborar propuestas concertadas con ellas. El trabajo se desarrolló en varias...

Power source with spark-safe outlet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsesarenko, N P; Alekhin, A V

1982-01-01

The invention refers to the technique of electrical monitoring and control in systems operating in a spark-safe medium (for example, in coal mines). A more accurate area of application is mobile objects with autonomous source of electricity (mine diesel locomotives, battery electric locomotives etc.). The purpose of the invention is to simplify and to improve the reliability of the planned device, and also to expand the area of application for conditions when it is powered from an autonomous generator of direct voltage. This goal is achieved because the power source with spark-safe outlet (the source contains a thyristor of advance disconnection, connected by anode to the delimiting throttle, one outlet of which is connected to the capacitor included between the controlling electrode and the anode of the thyristor, and the capacitor is connected through the resistor parallel to the outlet clamps of the source, while the thyristor of emergency protection connected parallel to the inlet clamps of the power source) is additionally equipped with a current sensor, hercon, transistor key (included in series in the power circuit) and optron, whose emitter is connected parallel to the current sensor connected in series to the inlet of the power source, while the receiver of the optron is connected in a circuit for controlling the thyristor of emergency protection. Hercon is built into the core of the delimiting throttle and is connected to the circuit for controlling the transistor key.

The Role at Rehabilitation in Treatment of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

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Mohammad Ali Hosseinian

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Objective: Thoracic outlet syndrome is a complex disorder caused by neurovascular irritation in the region of the thoracic outlet. The syndrome have been said to be mainly due to anomalous structures in the thoracic outlet, treatment for thoracic outlet syndrome varies among different institutions, and there has not been any standard program. In general conservative and surgical treatment can be do if necessary. Materials & Methods: The rehabilitation program consists of exercise and physiotherapy and brace designed to hold the posture in which thoracic outlet is enlarged. Exercise program was designed simple enough to be performed in the daily living or during work after minimal training and isometric exercises of Serratus anterior, Levator Scapulae and Erector Spinae muscles to be performed in one posture: flexion and elevation of scapular girdle and correction position of upper-thoracic spine. During 7 years, 131 cases of (T.O.S. were evaluated that 26 cases (20% have operated and 84 cases (64% have treated with conservative treatment and 21 cases (16% have been candidate for surgery but they didn't accepted. Results: All of the cases have treated with conservative treatment for four months. 84 cases responded well and no further treatment was needed. 47 cases were not satisfied with. The outcome of their treatment, that 26 cases have operated and 21 cases have not accepted the operation and continued the conservative treatment, they have had pain and slightly disability. 23 cases of operated group responded well and they have resumed to work, one case has had neuropraxia for about one year. Conclusion: Most cases of thoracic outlet syndrome (T.O.S. can be treated conservatively. Surgically treatment is indicated only in cases severe enough to make them disable to work. It is better all the patients undergo conservative treatment for at least four months then will decided for surgical treatment.

Análisis de la experiencia del usuario en la ciudad posmoderna desde la ergonomía, lo sustentable y lo simbólico : Estudio de caso: Santa Fe, México

OpenAIRE

Solano Meneses, Eska Elena; Mercado Colín, Lucila; Rodea Chávez, Alejandro

2014-01-01

El presente estudio hace énfasis en el cambio de paradigma del diseño hacia las posturas de diseño centradas en el usuario (ergonomía y accesibilidad), refiriéndose específicamente a la experiencia simbólica que el individuo vive en la ciudad posmoderna. Dicha experiencia simbólica ha de ser vista desde la relación del individuo con el entorno (el diseño ecológicamente sustentable) y con el reconocimiento de sus capacidades y limitaciones (el diseño socialmente sustentable). El concepto...

Availability of healthier options in traditional and nontraditional rural fast-food outlets

OpenAIRE

Creel, Jennifer S; Sharkey, Joseph R; McIntosh, Alex; Anding, Jenna; Huber, J Charles

2008-01-01

Abstract Background Food prepared away from home has become increasingly popular to U.S. families, and may contribute to obesity. Sales have been dominated by fast food outlets, where meals are purchased for dining away from home or in the home. Although national chain affiliated fast-food outlets are considered the main source for fast food, fast foods are increasingly available in convenience stores and supermarkets/grocery stores. In rural areas, these nontraditional fast-food outlets may ...

Impact of remodeling and rehabilitation of irrigation outlets on water distribution of a canal in Punjab, Pakistan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bodla, H.; Latif, M.

2009-01-01

The study was undertaken to investigate water distribution along a distributary canal located in the southern part of the Punjab Province. It is a large size distributary having 353 cusecs of authorized discharge. This distributary was subjected to a series of problems including but not limited to (i) withdrawal of water by illegal means, (ii) design and construction flaws in the outlets, (iii) improper selection of the type of outlets and many others. The outlets were intentionally designed wrongly by using fictitious hydraulics data to provide undue benefits to the irrigators. During construction, setting of the outlets was also intentionally fixed at lower level than the designed. Investigations were carried out to evaluate hydraulic performance of all the outlets of the channel. Based on the observed data capacity statements of all the outlets were revised. The outlets were redesigned on the basis of actual hydraulic data of each outlet. Most of the non-modular outlets (Pipe and Scratchley) were converted to semi-modular outlets (OFRB and APM). With implementation of new and modified design of the outlets at the site, equity of water distribution has been improved. The results revealed that design of the outlets had a significant impact on equitable distribution of water along the distribution. (author)

Benign Strictures of the Esophagus and Gastric Outlet: Interventional Management

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Jin Hyoung; Shin, Ji Hoon; Song, Ho Young [University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

2010-10-15

Benign strictures of the esophagus and gastric outlet are difficult to manage conservatively and they usually require intervention to relieve dysphagia or to treat the stricture-related complications. In this article, authors review the non-surgical options that are used to treat benign strictures of the esophagus and gastric outlet, including balloon dilation, temporary stent placement, intralesional steroid injection and incisional therapy

Using public health and community partnerships to reduce density of alcohol outlets.

Science.gov (United States)

Jernigan, David H; Sparks, Michael; Yang, Evelyn; Schwartz, Randy

2013-04-11

Excessive alcohol use causes approximately 80,000 deaths in the United States each year. The Guide to Community Preventive Services recommends reducing the density of alcohol outlets - the number of physical locations in which alcoholic beverages are available for purchase either per area or per population - through the use of regulatory authority as an effective strategy for reducing excessive alcohol consumption and related harms. We briefly review the research on density of alcohol outlets and public health and describe the powers localities have to influence alcohol outlet density. We summarize Regulating Alcohol Outlet Density: An Action Guide, which describes steps that local communities can take to reduce outlet density and the key competencies and resources of state and local health departments. These include expertise in public health surveillance and evaluation methods, identification and tracking of outcome measures, geographic information systems (GIS) mapping, community planning and development of multisector efforts, and education of community leaders and policy makers. We illustrate the potential for partnerships between public health agencies and local communities by presenting a contemporary case study from Omaha, Nebraska. Public health agencies have a vital and necessary role to play in efforts to reduce alcohol outlet density. They are often unaware of the potential of this strategy and have strong potential partners in the thousands of community coalitions nationwide that are focused on reducing alcohol-related problems.

Determination of Reasons of Obstruction in the Condensate Stabilizer System of Namconson Gas Treatment Terminal by Radioisotope Techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bui Quang Tri; Nguyen Huu Quang; Dang Nguyen The Duy; Tran Tri Hai; Tran Thanh Minh

2008-01-01

The Condensate Stabilizer System of Namconson Gas Treatment Terminal was designed with operational flow rate of 60 m 3 /h but for unknown reason it ran efficiently below 20 m 3 /h. The Radiotracer in combination with Gamma Scan was used to investigate in understanding the reasons. The results showed the build up at the bottom of Trap out Tray which caused obstruction of condensate flow in the outlet of Trap out Tray. As a results the feed flow rate to Reboiler from Trap out Tray lowered into 1/3 and the remaining 2/3 by passing the Reboiler by overflow to the Sump. (author)

Validation of presence of supermarkets and fast-food outlets in Copenhagen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Svastisalee, Chalida M; Holstein, Bjørn E; Due, Pernille

2012-01-01

We examined the quality of food outlet addresses provided by secondary sources and determined whether they could be physically located in the field.......We examined the quality of food outlet addresses provided by secondary sources and determined whether they could be physically located in the field....

Violência e desenvolvimento sustentável: o papel da universidade Violence and sustainable development: the role of the university

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Graziela Aline Hartmann Zottis

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Este é um trabalho de natureza ensaística, resultado de reflexões sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável e a sua conexão com as ações de extensão universitárias e a violência. Discute as quatro dimensões básicas do desenvolvimento sustentável - a ética, a temporal, a social e a prática - e os princípios éticos da sustentabilidade, necessários para uma cultura de paz. Propõe uma nova práxis universitária, em que a departamentalização da instituição seja repensada a fim de abrir espaço para a construção de um ambiente de atuação transdisciplinar, formador de profissionais preparados para um futuro sustentável. Apresenta um serviço da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS, que, por meio da ação de extensão Projeto Proteger, estuda o comportamento violento e age para diminuir efetivamente a violência. Conclui que é papel da universidade formar profissionais em compasso com os valores do desenvolvimento sustentável, preparados para agir de forma ética e responsável com os recursos naturais e humanos, capazes de entender e interagir com a complexidade de problemas como a pobreza, as desigualdades sociais e a violência, que ameaçam os direitos humanos e as futuras gerações.This paper is an essay that resulted from reflections on sustainable development and its connections with university extension programs and violence. The paper discusses the four extents of sustainable development - ethical, temporal, social, and practical and the ethical principles of sustainability, essential for a culture of peace. It proposes a new praxis in the university to reevaluate the institution departmentalization, in order to open space for the construction of a cross-disciplinary environment which will produce graduates prepared for a sustainable future. It introduces an extension program of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS, which studies violent behavior and acts to decrease the problem effectively

Beyond Supermarkets: Food Outlet Location Selection in Four U.S. Cities Over Time.

Science.gov (United States)

Rummo, Pasquale E; Guilkey, David K; Ng, Shu Wen; Popkin, Barry M; Evenson, Kelly R; Gordon-Larsen, Penny

2017-03-01

Understanding what influences where food outlets locate is important for mitigating disparities in access to healthy food outlets. However, few studies have examined how neighborhood characteristics influence the neighborhood food environment over time, and whether these relationships differ by neighborhood-level income. Neighborhood-level data from four U.S. cities (Birmingham, AL; Chicago, IL; Minneapolis, MN; Oakland, CA) from 1986, 1993, 1996, 2001, 2006, and 2011 were used with two-step econometric models to estimate longitudinal associations between neighborhood-level characteristics (z-scores) and the log-transformed count/km 2 (density) of food outlets within real estate-derived neighborhoods. Associations were examined with lagged neighborhood-level sociodemographics and lagged density of food outlets, with interaction terms for neighborhood-level income. Data were analyzed in 2016. Neighborhood-level income at earlier years was negatively associated with the current density of convenience stores (β= -0.27, 95% CI= -0.16, -0.38, prestaurant density in low-income neighborhoods (10th percentile of income: β= -0.17, 95% CI= -0.34, -0.002, p=0.05), and the density of smaller grocery stores across all income levels (β= -0.27, 95% CI= -0.45, -0.09, p=0.003). There was a lack of policy-relevant associations between the pre-existing food environment and the current density of food outlet types, including supermarkets. Socioeconomically disadvantaged and minority populations may attract "unhealthy" food outlets over time. To support equal access to healthy food outlets, the availability of "less healthy" food outlets types may be relatively more important than the potential lack of supermarkets or full-service restaurants. Copyright © 2016 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Multidetector row computed tomography in bowel obstruction. Part 2. Large bowel obstruction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sinha, R. [Department of Radiology, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (United Kingdom)]. E-mail: rakesh.sinha@uhl-tr.nhs.uk; Verma, R. [Department of Radiology, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (United Kingdom)

2005-10-01

Large bowel obstruction may present as an emergency as high-grade colonic obstruction and can result in perforation. Perforated large bowel obstruction causes faecal peritonitis, which can result in high morbidity and mortality. Multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) has the potential of providing an accurate diagnosis of large bowel obstruction. The rapid acquisition of images within one breath-hold reduces misregistration artefacts than can occur in critically ill or uncooperative patients. The following is a review of the various causes of large bowel obstruction with emphasis on important pathogenic factors, CT appearances and the use of multiplanar reformatted images in the diagnostic workup.

Study on partial overheat of the isolated phase busbar outlet box in Qinshan NPP phase Ⅱ

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tang Fangxuan; Zhang Jian; Zeng Limin; Bao Yanxing; Zhang Lie; Yang Yuemin

2013-01-01

This paper recommended the structure of the isolated phase busbar outlet box installed in Qinshan II. The study on partial overheat of the outlet box shows that the ultimate causes are the loss of concentrated eddy current and short of cooling. So the improvement principles of 'distributing eddy current, cutting off inductive circle current and strengthening of ventilation' were determined. A new structure test outlet box was designed and manufactured, and the temperature rising experiment was carried out. Some alterations were made in the new structure outlet box, e.g. isolating materials were added between side plates of the upper outlet box, and also between the upper and lower outlet box. Two cooling blowers were added to the upper outlet box. After putting into operation, the hot-spot temperature of the new outlet box was greatly lowered down. Thus the operation environment was improved, and the operation safety ensured. It can be useful references for analyzing and dealing with similar problems. (authors)

Consumidora Consciente?! Paradoxos do Discurso do Consumo Sustentável de Moda

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Adriana Tenório Cordeiro

2013-09-01

Full Text Available À medida que a questão ambiental se destaca nas agendas de discussão, bem como no repertório mercadológico, amplia-se a abrangência de questões relacionadas à necessidade não apenas de processos produtivos sustentáveis, mas também de um consumo “consciente”, “responsável” ou “sustentável” no segmento de moda. A responsabilização individual do consumidor de moda, quanto a problemas socioambientais é objeto de reflexão neste artigo. A partir de uma pesquisa exploratória qualitativa, no Pólo de Confecções do Agreste pernambucano, analisamos como problemáticas socioculturais e ambientais são (redescritas segundo uma (suposta prática “consciente” no consumo de moda. Para construção do corpus, consideramos a perspectiva de indivíduos em relação significativa com a prática sob investigação (o consumo de moda, tendo sido realizadas dez entrevistas em profundidade com jovens consumidoras locais de moda. Dados suplementares foram coletados, e incluíram fontes diversas, agrupadas e categorizadas após o trabalho de campo: artigos e conferências que versam sobre o consumo de moda (foco em vestuário; e matérias e notícias de jornais, revistas e internet que versavam sobre o consumo de moda no Agreste pernambucano, totalizando 70 artigos/matérias. Neste segmento, foi possível problematizar a relação entre inveja e felicidade como marcador importante, e a moda que funciona como parte dos recursos empregados pelo sujeito para construção identitária e reprodução cultural. Observam-se paradoxos de um consumo “ecologicamente correto” de moda, desmitificando-se a idéia de que o consumo “consciente” de moda é simplesmente uma questão de “escolha”. DOI: 10.5585/remark.v12i3.2413

Spatial accessibility to physical activity facilities and to food outlets and overweight in French youth.

Science.gov (United States)

Casey, R; Chaix, B; Weber, C; Schweitzer, B; Charreire, H; Salze, P; Badariotti, D; Banos, A; Oppert, J-M; Simon, C

2012-07-01

Some characteristics of the built environment have been associated with obesity in youth. Our aim was to determine whether individual and environmental socio-economic characteristics modulate the relation between youth overweight and spatial accessibility to physical activity (PA) facilities and to food outlets. Cross-sectional study. 3293 students, aged 12 ± 0.6 years, randomly selected from eastern France middle schools. Using geographical information systems (GIS), spatial accessibility to PA facilities (urban and nature) was assessed using the distance to PA facilities at the municipality level; spatial accessibility to food outlets (general food outlets, bakeries and fast-food outlets) was calculated at individual level using the student home address and the food outlets addresses. Relations of weight status with spatial accessibility to PA facilities and to food outlets were analysed using mixed logistic models, testing potential direct and interaction effects of individual and environmental socio-economic characteristics. Individual socio-economic status modulated the relation between spatial accessibility to PA facilities and to general food outlets and overweight. The likelihood of being overweight was higher when spatial accessibility to urban PA facilities and to general food outlets was low, but in children of blue-collar-workers only. The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) for being overweight of blue-collar-workers children compared with non-blue-collar-workers children was 1.76 (1.25-2.49) when spatial accessibility to urban PA facilities was low. This OR was 1.86 (1.20-2.86) when spatial accessibility to general food outlets was low. There was no significant relationship of overweight with either nature PA facilities or other food outlets (bakeries and fast-food outlets). These results indicate that disparities in spatial accessibility to PA facilities and to general food outlets may amplify the risk of overweight in socio

Evaluación sustentable "CASA HABITACION" en el Municipio de Tlaxcala, Tlax. México.

OpenAIRE

Raúl Molina Rivera

2012-01-01

El artículo mostrará la evaluación realizada por medio del software de diseño Bioclimática Ecotect Analysis1 y de evaluación sustentable como ARTEBES2 a un proyecto de casa habitación que fue sometido a modificaciones sencillas, económicas y muy accesibles en la región, que optimizaran el uso de las energías renovables y ayudarán a la reducción de consumo de energías no-renovables para reducir los gastos económicos necesarios para el funcionamiento de la vivienda. Presentando una breve descri...

Educación ambiental para el desarrollo y consumo sustentable en Chile. Una revisión bibliográfica

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Denisse Salinas-Cabrera

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Recibido 21 de julio de 2014 • Corregido 1 de noviembre de 2015 • Aceptado 3 de noviembre de 2015 El objetivo del siguiente artículo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica en textos académicos y documentos oficiales fruto de diversas conferencias internacionales que abordan temas en educación ambiental, desarrollo sustentable y consumo sustentable. Se realiza una selección de los hitos más importantes sobre la evolución de la educación ambiental, realizando un recorrido en la historia desde el año 1949 a partir de las primeras investigaciones de la Unesco, hasta la cumbre más reciente Rio+20 en 2012, posteriormente se realizará una descripción de las acciones para la educación ambiental que Chile está realizando en concordancia con la documentación revisada y la legislación nacional vigente, en ámbitos escolares (educación formal y formación de la ciudadanía (educación no formal. Se expone que la tarea de educación para el consumo en Chile es canalizada parcialmente solo por un organismo gubernamental, el cual entrega pautas para un consumo responsable. Se concluye con esta revisión que en Chile la educación ambiental para el desarrollo y consumo sustentable tiene una base formada que progresa lentamente y que, de acuerdo con toda la documentación revisada, debe materializarse en mayor medida, en proyectos y programas en beneficio del escenario natural y social del país. Así, también resultaría relevante que exista una incorporación curricular formal, en donde el énfasis se sitúe en contenidos obligatorios de educación ambiental y, a su vez, una especialización de docentes en esta disciplina.

Desenvolvimento sustentável para pequenos municípios através do turismo rural

OpenAIRE

Almeida, Geraldo Silva de

2003-01-01

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção. O mercado para o turismo tem-se voltado, nos últimos anos, para novos usuários e para novos produtos. Fatores como a globalização têm ocasionado estas modificações, onde a competitividade passa a existir, vislumbrando a necessidade de conhecimento do potencial turístico na consolidação do desenvolvimento sustentável para as comunidades onde o turismo não...

Eventos verdes: analise das ações de desenvolvimento sustentável para realização da copa 2014 no Brasil / Green events: review of sustainable development actions for the realization of world cup 2014 in Brazil

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Francisca Verilene de Araújo Pereira

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Os eventos verdes são aqueles que atendem uma série de requisitos que contribuem para a conservação do meio ambiente, visando maximizar os efeitos positivos provenientes das suas realizações. Dessa forma, o governo brasileiro, ao ser escolhido para sediar a Copa do Mundo 2014, assumiu o compromisso de planejar um evento mais sustentável. Nesse sentido, o objetivo da pesquisa é analisar as ações do Brasil para o desenvolvimento de maneira mais sustentável do evento Copa do Mundo 2014. Para tal, foi efetuado o seu levantamento através de pesquisas bibliográficas, consultas em documentos e sites que fornecem informações do que foi executado em cada uma das cidades sede do mundial. Após as pesquisas realizadas, constatou-se a realização de diversas ações que visavam o desenvolvimento sustentável no processo de planejamento e execução das obras. Tendo em vista a magnitude do evento, as cidades sede investiram em projetos que apontaram para o desenvolvimento de um evento verde, onde adotaram práticas sustentáveis no intuito de minimizar os impactos negativos para o meio ambiente e a sociedade, contribuindo para a conservação dos recursos naturais originando um legado positivo ao país, podendo servir como referência a ser seguida por outros países. Palavras chave: Eventos verdes; Ações sustentáveis; Copa do Mundo 2014.

La educación ambiental y su importancia en la relación sustentable: Hombre-Naturaleza- Territorio

OpenAIRE

Ronald Fernando Quintana Arias

2017-01-01

Objetivo. Promover la importancia de la educación ambiental en el fortalecimiento de la relación sustentable Hombre-Naturaleza-Territorio en 8 niños y niñas observadores de aves de la primaria María Berchmans. Metodología. Entre agosto y noviembre del 2015 desarrollé un estudio de caso basado en el aprendizaje vivencial, social y experiencial, que se dividió en dos fases en las que se encontraban 19 actividades clasificadas dentro de siete...

The prospects of making small retail outlets in the Townships aggressively competitive

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Malefane Johannes Lebusa

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Historically, township Small Retail Outlets were mostly established for survival and operated under a generally closed market system where the competition was not very strong. However, with the advent of democracy many people lost their formal income through retrenchments and out of desperation, many of these people opened Small Retail Outlets thus most of the existing and new entrants into the township market were unskilled or semiskilled labourers with little or no formal skills in business or entrepreneurship. Such efforts were rarely guided by any specific and informed strategy of identifying and exploiting a gap in the market. With the consolidation of the free market system under democracy, big brand businesses such as Shoprite Checkers and Small Retail Outlets of foreign nationals with different strategies entered and competed in this township market. With fewer formal skills in business and entrepreneurship, the owners of the Small Retail Outlets struggled to compete and thrive under these relatively new economic conditions. Given this situation, I conducted semi-structured interviews with fifteen of these traditional Small Retail Outlets to find out and better understand the challenges they face and the skills that might be needed to aggressively compete in this space. Based on these findings and understandings, I further examined these issues and suggest infusions of specific entrepreneurship skills that could develop their aggressive competitiveness. Keywords: entrepreneurship, competitiveness, small retail outlets, shopping complexes, innovation

Estrategias sustentables de manejo de los productores de la feria agroecológica de Córdoba

OpenAIRE

Cabanillas, Carmen; Tablada, Margot; Ferreyra, Luis Alberto; Ramos, Érica

2015-01-01

En la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, se desarrolla la Feria Agroecológica que reúne a pequeños productores de hortalizas, aromáticas, cereales, oleaginosas, flores, frutales y andinos, en transición agroecológica. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar a los agroecosistemas en relación a las estrategias sustentables de manejo que implementan los productores de la Feria Agroecológica de Córdoba en la dimensión ambiental. Mediante una encuesta se evaluaron: la diversificación de la prod...

The association of alcohol outlet density with illegal underage adolescent purchasing of alcohol.

Science.gov (United States)

Rowland, Bosco; Toumbourou, John W; Livingston, Michael

2015-02-01

Although previous studies have suggested that greater community densities of alcohol sales outlets are associated with greater alcohol use and problems, the mechanisms are unclear. The present study examined whether density was associated with increased purchasing of alcohol by adolescents younger than the legal purchase age of 18 in Australia. The number of alcohol outlets per 10,000 population was identified within geographic regions in Victoria, Australia. A state-representative student survey (N = 10,143) identified adolescent reports of purchasing alcohol, and multilevel modeling was then used to predict the effects for different densities of outlet types (packaged, club, on-premise, general, and overall). Each extra sales outlet per 10,000 population was associated with a significant increase in the risk of underage adolescent purchasing. The strongest effect was for club density (odds ratio = 1.22) and packaged (takeaway) outlet density (odds ratio = 1.12). Males, older children, smokers, and those with substance-using friends were more likely to purchase alcohol. One mechanism by which alcohol sales outlet density may influence population rates of alcohol use and related problems is through increasing the illegal underage purchasing of alcohol. Copyright © 2015 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Usefulness of colon transit time and defecography in patients with chronic constipation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, Kyoung Seuk; Chung, Jae Joon; Kim, Myung Hyun; Park, Su Mi; Yang, Hee Chul

2006-01-01

We wanted to evaluate whether both the colonic transit time (CTT) and defecography are necessary for diagnosing constipated patients, and we also wanted to assess the defecographic findings of patients with outlet obstruction on CTT. Over the recent 3 years, 26 patients (21 women and 5 men, mean age: 59 years) underwent both CTT and defecography because of their chronic constipations or defecation difficulty. The mean interval between the 2 studies was 48 days. Colonoscopy, barium enema and manometry were performed in 22, 8 and all the patients, respectively. On CTT, 13 patients (50.0%) were normal and 13 patients (50.0%) were abnormal; the abnormal results were composed of outlet obstruction (n = 8, 30.8%), outlet obstruction and colon inertia (n = 2, 7.7%), colon inertia (n = 2, 7.7%), and outlet obstruction and hindgut dysfunction (n = 1, 3.8%). On defecography, 6 patients (23.1%) were normal and 20 patients (76.9%) were abnormal; the results were composed of rectocele (n = 8, 30.7%), rectocele and perineal descent syndrome (PDS; n = 4, 15.4%), PDS and rectal intussusception (n = 3, 11.5%), spastic pelvic floor syndrome (SPFS; n = 3, 11.5%), rectocele and SPFS (n = 1, 3.8%), and rectal intussusception (n = 1, 3.8%). Of the 11 patients with outlet obstruction on CTT, rectocele (n = 4, 36.4%), SPFS (n = 1, 9.1%), rectocele and PDS (n = 1, 9.1%), and PDS and rectal intussusception (n = 1, 9.1%) were demonstrated on defecography, except for the 4 normal cases. Both CTT and defecography were necessary for diagnosing the patients with chronic constipation in compensation, and 63.6% of the patients with pelvic outlet obstruction showed an abnormal pelvic defecation function

Usefulness of colon transit time and defecography in patients with chronic constipation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, Kyoung Seuk; Chung, Jae Joon; Kim, Myung Hyun; Park, Su Mi; Yang, Hee Chul [NHIC Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan (Korea, Republic of)

2006-05-15

We wanted to evaluate whether both the colonic transit time (CTT) and defecography are necessary for diagnosing constipated patients, and we also wanted to assess the defecographic findings of patients with outlet obstruction on CTT. Over the recent 3 years, 26 patients (21 women and 5 men, mean age: 59 years) underwent both CTT and defecography because of their chronic constipations or defecation difficulty. The mean interval between the 2 studies was 48 days. Colonoscopy, barium enema and manometry were performed in 22, 8 and all the patients, respectively. On CTT, 13 patients (50.0%) were normal and 13 patients (50.0%) were abnormal; the abnormal results were composed of outlet obstruction (n = 8, 30.8%), outlet obstruction and colon inertia (n = 2, 7.7%), colon inertia (n = 2, 7.7%), and outlet obstruction and hindgut dysfunction (n = 1, 3.8%). On defecography, 6 patients (23.1%) were normal and 20 patients (76.9%) were abnormal; the results were composed of rectocele (n = 8, 30.7%), rectocele and perineal descent syndrome (PDS; n = 4, 15.4%), PDS and rectal intussusception (n = 3, 11.5%), spastic pelvic floor syndrome (SPFS; n = 3, 11.5%), rectocele and SPFS (n = 1, 3.8%), and rectal intussusception (n = 1, 3.8%). Of the 11 patients with outlet obstruction on CTT, rectocele (n = 4, 36.4%), SPFS (n = 1, 9.1%), rectocele and PDS (n = 1, 9.1%), and PDS and rectal intussusception (n = 1, 9.1%) were demonstrated on defecography, except for the 4 normal cases. Both CTT and defecography were necessary for diagnosing the patients with chronic constipation in compensation, and 63.6% of the patients with pelvic outlet obstruction showed an abnormal pelvic defecation function.

16 CFR Appendix B to Part 436 - Sample Item 20(1) Table-Systemwide Outlet Summary

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS AND PROHIBITIONS CONCERNING FRANCHISING Pt. 436, App. B Appendix B to Part 436—Sample... 1Outlet Type Column 2Year Column 3Outlets at the Start of the Year Column 4Outlets at the End of the Year...

Methodological Approaches to Locating Outlets of the Franchise Retail Network

OpenAIRE

Grygorenko Tetyana M.

2016-01-01

Methodical approaches to selecting strategic areas of managing the future location of franchise retail network outlets are presented. The main stages in the assessment of strategic areas of managing the future location of franchise retail network outlets have been determined and the evaluation criteria have been suggested. Since such selection requires consideration of a variety of indicators and directions of the assessment, the author proposes a scale of evaluation, which ...

Transportes turísticos no contexto do desenvolvimento sustentável: a gestão de resíduos sólidos aeroportuários.

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Jaciel Gustavo Kunz

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es discurrir acerca de la relevancia de la gestión de residuos sólidos en aeropuertos y su interface con el turismo, tomando por base la discusión del desarrollo sustentable, principalmente en su dimensión ambiental. El trabajo es resultado de una investigación bibliográfica, de carácter exploratorio, que se constituyó en una revisión de la literatura relativa a los ejes temáticos propuestos para la discusión. Con base em los resultados es posible reafirmar: (a la (necesidad de inserción del sistema de turismo en el concepto de desarrollo sustentable; (b la importancia del modal aéreo de transporte para la ampliación del turismo (y lo opuesto; (c la relevancia del aspecto ambiental “residuos sólidos” en la gestión aeroportuaria; (d el hueco teórico existente en lo que se refiere a la producción de conocimiento en nivel de stricto sensu, respecto de la gestión de residuos sólidos aeroportuarios, incluso en el turismo. Así, fue posible aproximar, por medio del abordaje de la temática “residuos sólidos”, el transporte turístico de modal aéreo de la problemática ambiental que involucra el desarrollo sustentable.

Elementos para el diseño de una política de uso sustentable de las tierras ganaderas de Sonora

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Migdelina López Reyes

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La erosión es un problema que afecta los agostaderos de Sonora como consecuencia de su explotación inadecuada y de la aridez propia de la región. La producción de ganado bovino y la extracción de productos no maderables son las actividades que en mayor medida están contribuyendo al agravamiento del proceso de erosión, afectando su productividad y provocando daños ambientales difíciles de revertir. Apoyar en la búsqueda de los caminos que conduzcan hacia el uso sustentable de los suelos ganaderos, que permitan revertir su manejo inadecuado y frenar el avance de la erosión es el propósito de este trabajo.El artículo inicia con la presentación de los factores que sustentan la consideración del suelo como un recurso no renovable, posteriormente se expone información sobre el avance de la degradación de los suelos en Sonora y finalmente se presentan los elementos que podrían apoyar el uso sustentable de los suelos.

Las prácticas de desarrollo sustentable: un acercamiento descriptivo a las pequeñas empresas de Guadalajara, México

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Francisco E. Navarrete Baez

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Se expone, a través de un estudio descriptivo, las prácticas que realizan actualmente las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYME de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara, México, referente a desarrollo sustentable empresarial. Se encuestaron a casi 400 empresas. Se tomó de referencia un cuestionario, elaborado y validado previamente, con más de 100 preguntas sobre prácticas empresariales de desarrollo sustentable, aplicado al dueño de la empresa. Los resultados fueron divididos en cinco categorías. Los datos fueron capturados y analizados con base en una orientación de estadística descriptiva. Se muestran los resultados que describen su situación actual, encontrándose que más del 50% de las PYME de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara están por debajo de estas prácticas, que no son parte de sus objetivos, además que hay una desvinculación con todos sus stakeholders. Al final se hace algunas sugerencias de cómo poder encaminar a las PYME para que aumente su grado de compromiso en este tema

Gastric outlet obstruction in Northwestern Ethiopia

African Journals Online (AJOL)

any gastric mass for histological examination in the remaining ... Data was processed and analyzed using EPI INFO version 5 .... Selective vagotomy, originally advocated to minimise post ... attention should be given to making effective drugs.

Validation of commercial business lists as a proxy for licensed alcohol outlets.

Science.gov (United States)

Carlos, Heather A; Gabrielli, Joy; Sargent, James D

2017-05-19

Studies of retail alcohol outlets are restricted to regions due to lack of U.S. national data. Commercial business lists (BL) offer a possible solution, but no data exists to determine if BLs could serve as an adequate proxy for license data. This paper compares geospatial measures of alcohol outlets derived from a commercial BL with license data for a large US state. We validated BL data as a measure of off-premise alcohol outlet density and proximity compared to license data for 5528 randomly selected California residential addresses. We calculated three proximity measures (Euclidean distance, road network travel time and distance) and two density measures (kernel density estimation and the count within a 2-mile radius) for each dataset. The data was acquired in 2015 and processed and analyzed in 2015 and 2016. Correlations and reliabilities between density (correlation 0.98; Cronbach's α 0.97-0.99) and proximity (correlations 0.77-0.86; α 0.87-0.92) measures were high. For proximity, BL data matched license in 55-57% of addresses, overstated distance in 19%, and understated in 24-26%. BL data can serve as a reliable proxy for licensed alcohol outlets, thus extending the work that can be performed in studies on associations between retail alcohol outlets and drinking outcomes.

Bursting Events in Pressure Flushing with Expanding Bottom Outlet Channel within Dam Reservoir

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soheila Tofighi

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Currently, large dams in the world, due to the high amount of sediments in the reservoir, especially around the intake, have operational problems. One of the solutions for this problem is pressure flushing. In this type of flushing, a mixture of water and sediment is removed from bottom outlets form dam reservoir and a funnel shaped crater is created in the vicinity of the outlet opening. In laboratory experiments carried out in this study, pressure flushing with the expansion of bottom outlet within the reservoir and its statistical analysis of bursting events were investigated. The structure of the turbulent flow is not fully understood due to their complexity and random nature. Klein et al. Introduced the turbulence bursting in this kind of flow and Nezo and Nakagora suggested that the events resulting from turbulence bursting has a significant effect of transferring the sediment particles. Materials and Methods: For the purposes of this study, the experiments were conducted with a physical model with 7m length, 1.4m width, and 1.5m height, consisting of three parts namely the inlet of the model, the main reservoir, and settling basin. The main reservoir of the model was 5m long and the sediments were placed within this part of the model. The sediment particles were non-cohesive silica with uniform size and with median diameter (d50 1.15mm and geometrics standard deviation (σg 1.37. Experiments carried out with different discharges and water depths above the bottom outlet in different expansion size of outlet channel in constant sediment level of 20cm above the center of the outlet channel. The model was slowly filled with water until the water surface elevation reached to a desired level. The bottom outlet was manually opened, after a while sedimentwere discharged with the water flow in very high concentrations through the outlet channel (sudden discharge and a funnel shaped crater was formed in front of it. After the run of

Aortic obstruction: anatomy and echocardiography

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Keirns Candace

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Echocardiography is a valuable non-invasive technique for identifying the site and type of aortic obstruction. Knowledge of the morphological details of each type of obstruction is the basis for correct interpretation of the diagnostic images and clinical decisions. This study was undertaken to correlate the echocardiographic images with anatomic specimens of equivalent valvular and supravalvular aortic obstruction. Specimens were part of the collection of the Department of Embryology. Fifty six patients were studied, and forty specimens with aortic obstruction were analyzed. Echocardiographic characteristics: Thirty one (55.3% patients were women and twenty five (44.7% men. Valvular aortic obstruction was found in Thirty six patients (64.3 % and supravalvular aortic obstruction in twenty (35.7%. Anatomic characteristics: Of the forty specimens examined, twenty one (52.5% had valvular aortic obstruction and nineteen (47.5% supravalvular aortic obstruction. The anatomoechocardiographic correlation clearly showed that the anatomic findings of the specimen hearts and aortas corresponded to echocardiographic images of valvular and supravalvular aortic obstruction and provided solid corroboration of echocardiographic diagnoses.

ANÁLISIS DEL PROGRAMA ESPECIAL CONCURRENTE PARA EL DESARROLLO RURAL SUSTENTABLE EN MÉXICO

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Jorge Martín Cordero Torres

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Con la buena intención de elevar los niveles de vida de las personas y mejorar las condiciones de quienes habitan el espacio rural, no como una delimitación geográfica, sino como un conjunto de personas, cultura, territorio y actividades diversas; se instrumenta la política pública “programa especial concurrente para el desarrollo rural sustentable” emanado de la Ley de desarrollo rural sustentable y que incluye un conjunto de programas sectoriales relacionados con la promoción del medio rural. Esta política hace necesaria la coordinación de los diferentes niveles de gobierno para incorporar a la población campesina al desarrollo nacional.

Desarrollo forestal sustentable en Chihuahua, México: una estrategia multidimensional

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Concepción Luján Álvarez

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Establecer una estrategia multidimensional para lograr el desarrollo forestal sustentable en la región de clima templado frío en Chihuahua, México, fue el objetivo del presente estudio, que se obtuvo con la aplicación del modelo Multiconferencia de Búsqueda (MCB, basado en el sistema de organización por asociaciones de productores forestales (ejidatarios, comuneros y pequeños propietarios, incluidos indígenas y mestizos. La metodología participativa aplicada consideró el carácter social de la propiedad de los recursos forestales en México, y se apoyó en la colaboración activa de ejidos y comunidades y demás actores relacionados. La estrategia multidimensional establecida está integrada por las dimensiones ecológicas ambientales, socioculturales, económicas, político-institucionales y científico-tecnológicas, que incluye objetivos y acciones estratégicas que consideran las necesidades e intereses comunes de los involucrados en la búsqueda del desarrollo forestal regional, con visión de sustentabilidad.

Acute GI obstruction.

Science.gov (United States)

Hucl, Tomas

2013-10-01

Acute gastrointestinal obstruction occurs when the normal flow of intestinal contents is interrupted. The blockage can occur at any level throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The clinical symptoms depend on the level and extent of obstruction. Various benign and malignant processes can produce acute gastrointestinal obstruction, which often represents a medical emergency because of the potential for bowel ischemia leading to perforation and peritonitis. Early recognition and appropriate treatment are thus essential. The typical clinical symptoms associated with obstruction include nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, abdominal pain and failure to pass bowel movements. Abdominal distention, tympany due to an air-filled stomach and high-pitched bowel sounds suggest the diagnosis. The diagnostic process involves imaging including radiography, ultrasonography, contrast fluoroscopy and computer tomography in less certain cases. In patients with uncomplicated obstruction, management is conservative, including fluid resuscitation, electrolyte replacement, intestinal decompression and bowel rest. In many cases, endoscopy may aid in both the diagnostic process and in therapy. Endoscopy can be used for bowel decompression, dilation of strictures or placement of self-expandable metal stents to restore the luminal flow either as a final treatment or to allow for a delay until elective surgical therapy. When gastrointestinal obstruction results in ischemia, perforation or peritonitis, emergency surgery is required. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

The “School Foodshed”: schools and fast-food outlets in a London borough

OpenAIRE

Caraher, M.; Lloyd, S.; Madelin, T.

2014-01-01

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the location of fast-food outlets around secondary schools and the influence of fast-food availability on the food choices of school children in an inner-London borough. \\ud \\ud Design/methodology/approach – A number of methods including: mapping of outlets relative to schools; sampling food; gathering data on secondary school food policies; observing food behaviour in fast food outlets and focus groups with young people. Findings were fed bac...

Proximity to Fast-Food Outlets and Supermarkets as Predictors of Fast-Food Dining Frequency.

Science.gov (United States)

Athens, Jessica K; Duncan, Dustin T; Elbel, Brian

2016-08-01

This study used cross-sectional data to test the independent relationship of proximity to chain fast-food outlets and proximity to full-service supermarkets on the frequency of mealtime dining at fast-food outlets in two major urban areas, using three approaches to define access. Interactions between presence of a supermarket and presence of fast-food outlets as predictors of fast-food dining were also tested. Residential intersections for respondents in point-of-purchase and random-digit-dial telephone surveys of adults in Philadelphia, PA, and Baltimore, MD, were geocoded. The count of fast-food outlets and supermarkets within quarter-mile, half-mile, and 1-mile street network buffers around each respondent's intersection was calculated, as well as distance to the nearest fast-food outlet and supermarket. These variables were regressed on weekly fast-food dining frequency to determine whether proximity to fast food and supermarkets had independent and joint effects on fast-food dining. The effect of access to supermarkets and chain fast-food outlets varied by study population. Among telephone survey respondents, supermarket access was the only significant predictor of fast-food dining frequency. Point-of-purchase respondents were generally unaffected by proximity to either supermarkets or fast-food outlets. However, ≥1 fast-food outlet within a 1-mile buffer was an independent predictor of consuming more fast-food meals among point-of-purchase respondents. At the quarter-mile distance, ≥1 supermarket was predictive of fewer fast-food meals. Supermarket access was associated with less fast-food dining among telephone respondents, whereas access to fast-food outlets were associated with more fast-food visits among survey respondents identified at point-of-purchase. This study adds to the existing literature on geographic determinants of fast-food dining behavior among urban adults in the general population and those who regularly consume fast food. Copyright �

Contamination of faecal coliforms in ice cubes sampled from food outlets in Kubang Kerian, Kelantan.

Science.gov (United States)

Noor Izani, N J; Zulaikha, A R; Mohamad Noor, M R; Amri, M A; Mahat, N A

2012-03-01

The use of ice cubes in beverages is common among patrons of food outlets in Malaysia although its safety for human consumption remains unclear. Hence, this study was designed to determine the presence of faecal coliforms and several useful water physicochemical parameters viz. free residual chlorine concentration, turbidity and pH in ice cubes from 30 randomly selected food outlets in Kubang Kerian, Kelantan. Faecal coliforms were found in ice cubes in 16 (53%) food outlets ranging between 1 CFU/100mL to >50 CFU/ 100mL, while in the remaining 14 (47%) food outlets, in samples of tap water as well as in commercially bottled drinking water, faecal coliforms were not detected. The highest faecal coliform counts of >50 CFU/100mL were observed in 3 (10%) food outlets followed by 11-50 CFU/100mL and 1-10 CFU/100mL in 7 (23%) and 6 (20%) food outlets, respectively. All samples recorded low free residual chlorine concentration (contamination by faecal coliforms was not detected in 47% of the samples, tap water and commercially bottled drinking water, it was concluded that (1) contamination by faecal coliforms may occur due to improper handling of ice cubes at the food outlets or (2) they may not be the water sources used for making ice cubes. Since low free residual chlorine concentrations were observed (food outlets, including that of ice cube is crucial in ensuring better food and water for human consumption.

Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo Rural Sustentable y la Soberanía Alimentaria (CEDRSSA. Estudios e investigaciones: nueva ruralidad; enfoques y propuestas para América Latina

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Rosa Inés Babilonia Ballesteros

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo Rural Sustentable y la Soberanía Alimentaria (CEDRSSA. Estudios e investigaciones:nueva ruralidad; enfoques y propuestas para América Latina.

Desenvolvimento sustentável: uma descrição das principais ferramentas de avaliação Sustainable development: presenting the main measurement methods

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Hans Michael Van Bellen

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Desenvolvimento Sustentável: Uma Descrição das Principais Ferramentas de Avaliação Neste artigo são apresentadas as principais características de três métodos que se propõem a mensurar o grau de sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento. Este métodos foram selecionados por especialistas que atuam em diferentes esferas da sociedade e que lidam com o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável. Os métodos descritos e analisados são o Ecological Footprint Method, o Dashboard of Sustainability e o Barometer of Sustainability.In this article are presented the main characteristics of three methods which purpose is to measure the rate of sustainability of the development. These methods were selected by specialists who operate at differents levels of the society and also deal with the concept of sustainable development. The methods described and analysed are the Ecological Footprint Method, the Dashboard of Sustainability and the Barometer of Sustainability.

¿DESCENTRALIZACIÓN Y DESARROLLO REGIONAL SUSTENTABLE? INTERROGANTE DE UNA POLITICA DE ESTADO

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Maritza Ávila Urdaneta

2003-07-01

Full Text Available La década del noventa constituye un proceso de avance en la implementación de la descentralización como política de Estado, atendiendo a lo establecido en la Ley Orgánica de Descentralización, Delimitación y Transferencia de Competencias del Poder Público LDDTC (1989 y a la Constitución Nacional de 1961 y 1999. En tal sentido, el trabajo explora el marco normativo y conceptual en lo que respecta conocer ¿cuál es la visión de país que plantea el gobierno central en función de la descentralización y el desarrollo regional sustentable, y qué acciones adelanta el componente legislativo a través de la Asamblea Nacional? La investigación es documental, constituye la población las leyes aprobadas por la Asamblea Nacional y la muestra incluye las leyes identificadas con las unidades de análisis del proceso de descentralización, desarrollo regional sustentable y democracia participativa. Los resultados identifican que el proceso político ha frenado las acciones y decisiones: 1 aprobación de las leyes que demanda la Constitución Nacional para la implementación de la descentralización LDDTC, incluyendo la Ley respectiva y la Ley del Consejo Federal de Gobierno; 2 el Fondo de Compensación Interterritorial, destinado al financiamiento de inversiones públicas, a fin de promover el desarrollo regional y la descentralización; y 3 la Ley de Hacienda Pública Estadal, destinada proveer recursos a los gobiernos subnacionales. En conclusión, persisten restricciones legales y financieras que crean un ambiente de indefinición en la formulación de políticas por parte de Gobernaciones y Alcaldías, que definen un clima de discenso e ingobernabilidad del país, ante proposiciones de rectificación por parte del gobierno central.

Parallel segmented outlet flow high performance liquid chromatography with multiplexed detection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Camenzuli, Michelle; Terry, Jessica M.; Shalliker, R. Andrew; Conlan, Xavier A.; Barnett, Neil W.; Francis, Paul S.

2013-01-01

Graphical abstract: -- Highlights: •Multiplexed detection for liquid chromatography. •‘Parallel segmented outlet flow’ distributes inner and outer portions of the analyte zone. •Three detectors were used simultaneously for the determination of opiate alkaloids. -- Abstract: We describe a new approach to multiplex detection for HPLC, exploiting parallel segmented outlet flow – a new column technology that provides pressure-regulated control of eluate flow through multiple outlet channels, which minimises the additional dead volume associated with conventional post-column flow splitting. Using three detectors: one UV-absorbance and two chemiluminescence systems (tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(III) and permanganate), we examine the relative responses for six opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) alkaloids under conventional and multiplexed conditions, where approximately 30% of the eluate was distributed to each detector and the remaining solution directed to a collection vessel. The parallel segmented outlet flow mode of operation offers advantages in terms of solvent consumption, waste generation, total analysis time and solute band volume when applying multiple detectors to HPLC, but the manner in which each detection system is influenced by changes in solute concentration and solution flow rates must be carefully considered

Parallel segmented outlet flow high performance liquid chromatography with multiplexed detection

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Camenzuli, Michelle [Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney (Parramatta), Sydney, NSW (Australia); Terry, Jessica M. [Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216 (Australia); Shalliker, R. Andrew, E-mail: r.shalliker@uws.edu.au [Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney (Parramatta), Sydney, NSW (Australia); Conlan, Xavier A.; Barnett, Neil W. [Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216 (Australia); Francis, Paul S., E-mail: paul.francis@deakin.edu.au [Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216 (Australia)

2013-11-25

Graphical abstract: -- Highlights: •Multiplexed detection for liquid chromatography. •‘Parallel segmented outlet flow’ distributes inner and outer portions of the analyte zone. •Three detectors were used simultaneously for the determination of opiate alkaloids. -- Abstract: We describe a new approach to multiplex detection for HPLC, exploiting parallel segmented outlet flow – a new column technology that provides pressure-regulated control of eluate flow through multiple outlet channels, which minimises the additional dead volume associated with conventional post-column flow splitting. Using three detectors: one UV-absorbance and two chemiluminescence systems (tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(III) and permanganate), we examine the relative responses for six opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) alkaloids under conventional and multiplexed conditions, where approximately 30% of the eluate was distributed to each detector and the remaining solution directed to a collection vessel. The parallel segmented outlet flow mode of operation offers advantages in terms of solvent consumption, waste generation, total analysis time and solute band volume when applying multiple detectors to HPLC, but the manner in which each detection system is influenced by changes in solute concentration and solution flow rates must be carefully considered.

Patterning of neighbourhood food outlets and longitudinal associations with children's eating behaviours.

Science.gov (United States)

Timperio, Anna; Crawford, David; Leech, Rebecca M; Lamb, Karen E; Ball, Kylie

2018-06-01

This study examined cross-sectional and prospective associations between typologies of neighbourhood food environment and dietary patterns among 10-12 year-old children. Baseline data were collected in 2003 and follow-up data in 2006 from children in Melbourne or Geelong. Parents completed a food frequency questionnaire at both time points. 'Healthful' and 'energy-dense' dietary pattern scores were computed. A Geographic Information System was used to determine the presence or absence of food outlets (cafés/restaurant; fast food; supermarkets/grocery stores; convenience store; greengrocer; and butcher, seafood or poultry retailer) within an 800 m road network buffer of home. Three typologies were identified: 1-variety of food outlets, including those selling core/fresh foods (n = 96); 2-café/restaurant and convenience (n = 160); 3-few types of outlets (n = 208). Latent class analysis was used to identify underlying unobservable typologies of neighbourhood food outlet availability. Linear mixed models were fitted to determine cross-sectional (n = 439) and longitudinal (n = 173) associations between the three identified neighbourhood typologies and each (log-transformed) dietary pattern, accounting for clustering within families and schools. There was little evidence of cross-sectional associations. The longitudinal analyses showed that compared to those with a variety of food outlets, those with few types had 25% lower scores for the healthful dietary pattern (p < 0.05) three years later. For optimal dietary patterns, availability of a variety of food outlets close to home, particularly those where core/fresh foods are available, may be important. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Tobacco outlet density and tobacco knowledge, beliefs, purchasing behaviours and price among adolescents in Scotland.

Science.gov (United States)

Tunstall, Helena; Shortt, Niamh K; Niedzwiedz, Claire L; Richardson, Elizabeth A; Mitchell, Richard J; Pearce, Jamie R

2018-06-01

Despite long-term falls in global adult smoking prevalence and over 50 years of tobacco control policies, adolescent smoking persists. Research suggests greater densities of tobacco retail outlets in residential neighbourhoods are associated with higher adolescent smoking rates. Policies to reduce retail outlets have therefore been identified by public health researchers as a potential 'new frontier' in tobacco control. Better understanding of the pathways linking density of tobacco retailers and smoking behaviour could support these policies. In this study we use path analysis to assess how outlet density in the home environment is related to adolescent tobacco knowledge, beliefs, retail purchases and price in Scotland. We assessed 22,049 13 and 15 year old respondents to the nationally representative cross-sectional 2010 Scottish School Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey. Outlet density was based on Scottish Tobacco Retailers Register, 2012, data. A spatially-weighted Kernel Density Estimation measure of outlet density within 400 m of respondents' home postcode was grouped into tertiles. The analysis considered whether outlet density was associated with the number of cigarette brands adolescents could name, positive beliefs about smoking, whether smokers purchased cigarettes from shops themselves or through adult proxies and perceived cost of cigarettes. Models were stratified by adolescent smoking status. The path analyses indicated that outlet density was not associated with most outcomes, but small, significant direct effects on knowledge of cigarette brands among those who had never smoked were observed. With each increase in outlet density tertile the mean number of brands adolescents could name rose by 0.07 (mean = 1.60; SD = 1.18; range = 4). This suggests greater outlet densities may have affected adolescents' knowledge of cigarette brands but did not encourage positive attitudes to smoking, purchases from shops or lower cigarette

Etnobiologia como ferramenta para gestão dos recursos naturais em reserva de desenvolvimento sustentável

OpenAIRE

Silva, Edilma Fernandes da

2015-01-01

Esta tese foi desenvolvida em três comunidades de pescadores artesanais: Barreiras, Diogo Lopes e Sertãozinho, inseridas na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Estadual Ponta do Tubarão, localizada no município de Macau, litoral Norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, nordeste do Brasil e teve como objetivo analisar por meio de levantamento etnobiológico e análise sistêmica as interações dos pescadores com os recursos pesqueiros, bem como a diversidade de uso dos peixes, visando entender o...

Remaining Life Estimation Of Secondary Superheater Outlet On Industrial Electrical Boiler

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Soedardjo; Andryansyah; Arhatari, B.D.; Natsir, Muhammad; Triyadi, Ari; Farokhi

2001-01-01

Remaining life estimation of secondary superheater header outlet (SSHO) on industrial electrical boiler has been carried out. Estimation conducted by the observation of microstructure cavitation development based on Neubauer and Wedel theory. The result is available for isolated cavitation development present yet. That Secondary Superheater Outlet component is in good condition after 14 years operated and predicted could be operated for 36 years again

Gerenciamento Adaptativo do SAI de Acácia Negra: uma abordagem sob a ótica da auto-organização sustentável

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Keitiline Ramos Viacava

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Com o surgimento do conceito de Gerenciamento Florestal Sustentável (GFS, as agroindústrias florestais vêm sendo pressionadas a tomar decisões baseadas em princípios de sustentabilidade, impulsionando todos os demais elos da cadeia à certificação. No Brasil acontece um processo que espelha este momento no Sistema Agroindustrial de Acácia Negra. Isso ocorre, entretanto, em um contexto complexo, implicando decisões ambíguas e arriscadas no âmbito dos ecossistemas florestais. Assim, propõe-se a seguinte questão: quais ações estratégicas estão sendo adotadas pelos produtores florestais e como elas se relacionam com os riscos na gestão do SAI de Acácia Negra? O objetivo é analisar o processo de desenvolvimento e implementação de ações estratégicas capazes de promover ou desencorajar a auto-organização sustentável do sistema (i.e. certificação florestal. A fundamentação teórica inicia-se com uma perspectiva sistêmica orientada ao estudo das organizações e estratégias sustentáveis. Em seguida, integram-se discussões mais especificamente relacionadas às decisões, estratégias e riscos no âmbito da propriedade rural. Como metodologia incorpora-se a Post-normal science, com enfoque qualitativo. Como resultado, identifica-se que as ações estratégicas adotadas pelos produtores florestais estão dialogicamente relacionadas aos riscos, podendo exercer influências complementares, concorrentes e até antagônicas.

16 CFR Appendix E to Part 436 - Sample Item 20(4) Table-Status of Company-Owned Outlets

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... RULES DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS AND PROHIBITIONS CONCERNING FRANCHISING Pt. 436, App. E Appendix E to Part... 5Outlets Reacquired From Franchisees Column 6Outlets Closed Column 7Outlets Sold to Franchisees Column...

The association between the geography of fast food outlets and childhood obesity rates in Leeds, UK.

Science.gov (United States)

Fraser, Lorna K; Edwards, Kimberley L

2010-11-01

To analyse the association between childhood overweight and obesity and the density and proximity of fast food outlets in relation to the child's residential postcode. This was an observational study using individual level height/weight data and geographic information systems methodology. Leeds in West Yorkshire, UK. This area consists of 476 lower super-output areas. Children aged 3-14 years who lived within the Leeds metropolitan boundaries (n=33,594). The number of fast food outlets per area and the distance to the nearest fast food outlet from the child's home address. The weight status of the child: overweight, obese or neither. 27.1% of the children were overweight or obese with 12.6% classified as obese. There is a significant positive correlation (pfood outlets and higher deprivation. A higher density of fast food outlets was significantly associated (p=0.02) with the child being obese (or overweight/obese) in the generalised estimating equation model which also included sex, age and deprivation. No significant association between distance to the nearest fast food outlet and overweight or obese status was found. There is a positive relationship between the density of fast food outlets per area and the obesity status of children in Leeds. There is also a significant association between fast food outlet density and areas of higher deprivation. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea consequences

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Carlos Zamarrón

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Carlos Zamarrón1, Vanesa García Paz1, Emilio Morete1, Felix del Campo Matías21Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago, Spain; 2Servicio de Neumologia, Hospital Universitario Rio Ortega de Vallaclolid, Vallaclolid, SpainAbstract: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD are two diseases that often coexist within an individual. This coexistence is known as overlap syndrome and is the result of chance rather than a pathophysiological link. Although there are claims of a very high incidence of OSAS in COPD patients, recent studies report that it is similar to the general population. Overlap patients present sleep-disordered breathing associated to upper and lower airway obstruction and a reduction in respiratory drive. These patients present unique characteristics, which set them apart from either COPD or OSAS patients. COPD and OSAS are independent risk factors for cardiovascular events and their coexistence in overlap syndrome probably increases this risk. The mechanisms underlying cardiovascular risk are still unclear, but may involve systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and tonic elevation of sympathetic neural activity. The treatment of choice for overlap syndrome in stable patients is CPAP with supplemental oxygen for correction of upper airway obstructive episodes and hypoxemia during sleep.Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, overlap syndrome, sleep, cardiovascular disease

Within-breath respiratory impedance and airway obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Silva, Karla Kristine Dames da; Faria, Alvaro Camilo Dias; Lopes, Agnaldo José; Melo, Pedro Lopes de

2015-07-01

Recent work has suggested that within-breath respiratory impedance measurements performed using the forced oscillation technique may help to noninvasively evaluate respiratory mechanics. We investigated the influence of airway obstruction on the within-breath forced oscillation technique in smokers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and evaluated the contribution of this analysis to the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Twenty healthy individuals and 20 smokers were assessed. The study also included 74 patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We evaluated the mean respiratory impedance (Zm) as well as values for the inspiration (Zi) and expiration cycles (Ze) at the beginning of inspiration (Zbi) and expiration (Zbe), respectively. The peak-to-peak impedance (Zpp=Zbe-Zbi) and the respiratory cycle dependence (ΔZrs=Ze-Zi) were also analyzed. The diagnostic utility was evaluated by investigating the sensitivity, the specificity and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01888705. Airway obstruction increased the within-breath respiratory impedance parameters that were significantly correlated with the spirometric indices of airway obstruction (R=-0.65, pdisease patients presented significant expiratory-inspiratory differences (p90%). We conclude the following: (1) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease introduces higher respiratory cycle dependence, (2) this increase is proportional to airway obstruction, and (3) the within-breath forced oscillation technique may provide novel parameters that facilitate the diagnosis of respiratory abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Within-breath respiratory impedance and airway obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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Karla Kristine Dames da Silva

2015-07-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: Recent work has suggested that within-breath respiratory impedance measurements performed using the forced oscillation technique may help to noninvasively evaluate respiratory mechanics. We investigated the influence of airway obstruction on the within-breath forced oscillation technique in smokers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and evaluated the contribution of this analysis to the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS: Twenty healthy individuals and 20 smokers were assessed. The study also included 74 patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We evaluated the mean respiratory impedance (Zm as well as values for the inspiration (Zi and expiration cycles (Ze at the beginning of inspiration (Zbi and expiration (Zbe, respectively. The peak-to-peak impedance (Zpp=Zbe-Zbi and the respiratory cycle dependence (ΔZrs=Ze-Zi were also analyzed. The diagnostic utility was evaluated by investigating the sensitivity, the specificity and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01888705. RESULTS: Airway obstruction increased the within-breath respiratory impedance parameters that were significantly correlated with the spirometric indices of airway obstruction (R=−0.65, p90%. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude the following: (1 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease introduces higher respiratory cycle dependence, (2 this increase is proportional to airway obstruction, and (3 the within-breath forced oscillation technique may provide novel parameters that facilitate the diagnosis of respiratory abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

From Medical to Recreational Marijuana Sales: Marijuana Outlets and Crime in an Era of Changing Marijuana Legislation.

Science.gov (United States)

Freisthler, Bridget; Gaidus, Andrew; Tam, Christina; Ponicki, William R; Gruenewald, Paul J

2017-06-01

A movement from medical to recreational marijuana use allows for a larger base of potential users who have easier access to marijuana, because they do not have to visit a physician before using marijuana. This study examines whether changes in the density of marijuana outlets were related to violent, property, and marijuana-specific crimes in Denver, CO during a time in which marijuana outlets began selling marijuana for recreational, and not just medical, use. We collected data on locations of crimes, marijuana outlets and covariates for 481 Census block groups over 34 months (N = 16,354 space-time units). A Bayesian Poisson space-time model assessed statistical relationships between independent measures and crime counts within "local" Census block groups. We examined spatial "lag" effects to assess whether crimes in Census block groups adjacent to locations of outlets were also affected. Independent of the effects of covariates, densities of marijuana outlets were unrelated to property and violent crimes in local areas. However, the density of marijuana outlets in spatially adjacent areas was positively related to property crime in spatially adjacent areas over time. Further, the density of marijuana outlets in local and spatially adjacent blocks groups was related to higher rates of marijuana-specific crime. This study suggests that the effects of the availability of marijuana outlets on crime do not necessarily occur within the specific areas within which these outlets are located, but may occur in adjacent areas. Thus studies assessing the effects of these outlets in local areas alone may risk underestimating their true effects.

Endoscopic Urinary Diversion As Initial Management of Symptomatic Obstructive Ectopic Ureter in Infants

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Ruben Ortiz

2017-09-01

Full Text Available AimDefinitive surgery of ectopic ureter in infants is challenging. We propose an endoscopic urinary diversion (EUD as a novel surgical technique in the initial management of symptomatic obstructive ectopic ureter.Patients and methodsSixteen obstructive ectopic ureters (14 patients were initially treated by EUD between 2006 and 2015. All patients had urinary tract dilatation worsening at preoperative US scans and at least two febrile urinary tract infection (UTI or urinary sepsis despite antibiotic prophylaxis. Ectopic ureter was confirmed by cystoscopy. When ectopic meatus was not found, EUD consisted in the creation of a transurethral neo-orifice (TUNO performed by needle puncturing of the ureterovesical wall, under fluoroscopic and ultrasound control. If ectopic meatus was identified in the posterior urethra, “intravesicalization procedure” was done opening the urethral–ureteral wall to create a new ureteral outlet into the bladder.ResultsEUD was done at a median age of 3.5 months (0.5–7 with median follow-up of 48 months (24–136. TUNO was performed in six patients and “intravesicalization” in eight patients. Significant differences were observed in ureteral diameter and anteroposterior pelvis diameter before and after endoscopic treatment (p < 0.005. Initial renal function was preserved in all cases. Postoperative complications were UTI in four patients and TUNO stenosis in one patient, treated by endoscopic balloon dilation. Definitive treatment was further individualized in each patient after 1 year of life.ConclusionEUD is a feasible and safe less-invasive technique in the initial management of symptomatic obstructive ectopic ureter. It allows an adequate ureteral drainage preserving renal function until definitive repair if necessary and does not invalidate other surgical options in case of failure or future definitive treatments.

Velocities of antarctic outlet glaciers determined from sequential Landsat images

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MacDonald, Thomas R.; Ferrigno, Jane G.; Williams, Richard S.; Lucchitta, Baerbel K.

1989-01-01

Approximately 91.0 percent of the volume of present-day glacier ice on Earth is in Antarctica; Greenland contains about another 8.3 percent of the volume. Thus, together, these two great ice sheets account for an estimated 99.3 percent of the total. Long-term changes in the volume of glacier ice on our planet are the result of global climate change. Because of the relationship of global ice volume to sea level (± 330 cubic kilometers of glacier ice equals ± 1 millimeter sea level), changes in the mass balance of the antarctic ice sheet are of particular importance.Whether the mass balance of the east and west antarctic ice sheets is positive or negative is not known. Estimates of mass input by total annual precipitation for the continent have been made from scattered meteorological observations (Swithinbank 1985). The magnitude of annual ablation of the ice sheet from calving of outlet glaciers and ice shelves is also not well known. Although the velocities of outlet glaciers can be determined from field measurements during the austral summer,the technique is costly, does not cover a complete annual cycle,and has been applied to just a few glaciers. To increase the number of outlet glaciers in Antarctica for which velocities have been determined and to provide additional data for under-standing the dynamics of the antarctic ice sheets and their response to global climate change, sequential Landsat image of several outlet glaciers were measured.

TURISMO SUSTENTABLE DEL PARALELO CERO EN EL ECUADOR: INVENTARIO TURÍSTICO, MERCADOS Y DESARROLLO LOCAL

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Adriana Tutillo Vallejo

2015-10-01

Full Text Available La zona ecuatorial atraviesa de Este a Oeste las cuatro regiones del Ecuador, Amazonía, Sierra, Costa y Galápagos, representando de esta manera una muestra de la gran diversidad natural y cultural del Ecuador. A través del Ministerio de Turismo se busca impulsar el desarrollo de los destinos turísticos asentados a lo largo y alrededor de la Línea Equinoccial a través del proyecto “Ruta Paralelo Cero”. Es por esto que el objetivo de la investigación está encaminado a analizar el inventario de atractivos turísticos, el mercado y el desarrollo local importante para impulsar un turismo sustentable a lo largo de la Línea Equinoccial. A través de métodos geográficos y sociales como la observación directa, entrevistas a expertos locales, encuestas semiestructuradas, levantamiento cartográfico y el uso de sistemas de información geográfica, se analizó los objetivos planteados. Para el estudio se escogieron tres áreas turísticas y sus alrededores, Sierra (Mitad del Mundo, Costa (Pedernales y Amazonía (Reserva del Cuyabeno, éstas representan muestras de la diversidad que tiene el Ecuador. Los resultados mostraron una gran variedad de atractivos naturales y culturales que realzan el potencial turístico del Paralelo Cero. Los atractivos de la Sierra son los más visitados tanto por turistas nacionales como internacionales. En la Costa la demanda es eminentemente nacional, mientras que en la Amazonía es extranjera. El desafio más grande para el turismo sustentable en la nueva ruta es superar la desigualdad del desarrollo local actual.

KORELASI PENGGUNAAN BAHASA INGGRIS DALAM PENAMAAN FACTORY OUTLET (FO DI BANDUNG TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN

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Gartika Rahmasari

2016-03-01

    Abstrak - Bahasa Inggris merupakan bahasa yang memiliki prestise atau kedudukan yang tinggi, bahkan di Indonesia yang memiliki bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa nasional. Bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa internasional mendapatkan apresiasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bahasa Indonesia, khususnya di bidang pariwisata. Bandung sebagai salah satu tujuan pariwisata, khususnya wisata kuliner dan tujuan belanja, tidak terkecuali mendapat pengaruh yang besar dalam hal penggunaan bahasa Inggris. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari penggunaan sejumlah nama Factory Outlet yang ada di Bandung, yang hampir sebagian besar menggunakan bahasa Ingris atau serapan bahasa Inggris sebagai “brand” atau nama yang digunakan oleh Factory Outlet yang tersebar di seluruh Bandung. Jurnal ini merupakan study literatur yang meneliti tentang hubungan penggunaan bahasa Asing dalam nama Factory Outlet  (FO terhadap keputusan pembelian. Yang menjadi responden yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Telkom sebanyak 55 responden, dengan rentang usia 17-20 tahun. Dari hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa secara umum, penggunaan bahasa Inggris dalam penamaan Factory Outlet (FO mempengaruhi keputusan responden untuk berbelanja ke FO tersebut.   Kata Kunci: Keputusan Pembelian, Factory Outlet, FO, Bahasa Inggris.

Proximity of off-premise alcohol outlets and heavy alcohol consumption: a cohort study.

Science.gov (United States)

Halonen, Jaana I; Kivimäki, Mika; Virtanen, Marianna; Pentti, Jaana; Subramanian, S V; Kawachi, Ichiro; Vahtera, Jussi

2013-09-01

Availability of alcohol has been associated with alcohol consumption in cross-sectional studies. We examined longitudinally whether change in proximity to off-premise (i.e., no consumption on the premises) beer and liquor outlets is associated with heavy alcohol consumption. Distances from 54,778 Finnish Public Sector study participants' homes to the nearest off-premise beer and liquor outlets were calculated using Global Positioning System-coordinates. Between-individual analyses were used to study the effects of distance to the nearest outlet on heavy alcohol use, and within-individual analyses to study the effects of a change in distance on change in heavy use. Mean follow-up time in 2000-2009 was 6.8 (standard deviation 2.0) years. In a between-individual analysis, decrease from ≥500 m to alcohol use in women (odds ratio 1.23, 95% CI 1.05-1.44), but not in men. In a within-individual analysis decrease from 500 m to 0m in log-transformed continuous distance to the nearest beer outlet increased the odds of heavy alcohol consumption in women by 13% (odds ratio 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.27). For the corresponding change in distance to liquor outlet the increase was 3% (odds ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.97-1.09). Change in distance from home to the nearest off-premise alcohol outlet affects the risk of heavy alcohol consumption in women. This evidence supports policies that restrict physical availability of alcohol. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Neighborhood alcohol outlet density and genetic influences on alcohol use: evidence for gene-environment interaction.

Science.gov (United States)

Slutske, Wendy S; Deutsch, Arielle R; Piasecki, Thomas M

2018-05-07

Genetic influences on alcohol involvement are likely to vary as a function of the 'alcohol environment,' given that exposure to alcohol is a necessary precondition for genetic risk to be expressed. However, few gene-environment interaction studies of alcohol involvement have focused on characteristics of the community-level alcohol environment. The goal of this study was to examine whether living in a community with more alcohol outlets would facilitate the expression of the genetic propensity to drink in a genetically-informed national survey of United States young adults. The participants were 2434 18-26-year-old twin, full-, and half-sibling pairs from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Participants completed in-home interviews in which alcohol use was assessed. Alcohol outlet densities were extracted from state-level liquor license databases aggregated at the census tract level to derive the density of outlets. There was evidence that the estimates of genetic and environmental influences on alcohol use varied as a function of the density of alcohol outlets in the community. For example, the heritability of the frequency of alcohol use for those residing in a neighborhood with ten or more outlets was 74% (95% confidence limits = 55-94%), compared with 16% (95% confidence limits = 0-34%) for those in a neighborhood with zero outlets. This moderating effect of alcohol outlet density was not explained by the state of residence, population density, or neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics. The results suggest that living in a neighborhood with many alcohol outlets may be especially high-risk for those individuals who are genetically predisposed to frequently drink.

Development of a solenoid actuated planar valveless micropump with single and multiple inlet-outlet arrangements

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, N.; George, D.; Sajeesh, P.; Manivannan, P. V.; Sen, A. K.

2016-07-01

We report a planar solenoid actuated valveless micropump with multiple inlet-outlet configurations. The self-priming characteristics of the multiple inlet-multiple outlet micropump are studied. The filling dynamics of the micropump chamber during start-up and the effects of fluid viscosity, voltage and frequency on the dynamics are investigated. Numerical simulations for multiple inlet-multiple outlet micropumps are carried out using fluid structure algorithm. With DI water and at 5.0 Vp-p, 20 Hz frequency, the two inlet-two outlet micropump provides a maximum flow rate of 336 μl min-1 and maximum back pressure of 441 Pa. Performance characteristics of the two inlet-two outlet micropump are studied for aqueous fluids of different viscosity. Transport of biological cell lines and diluted blood samples are demonstrated; the flow rate-frequency characteristics are studied. Viability of cells during pumping with multiple inlet multiple outlet configuration is also studied in this work, which shows 100% of cells are viable. Application of the proposed micropump for simultaneous pumping, mixing and distribution of fluids is demonstrated. The proposed integrated, standalone and portable micropump is suitable for drug delivery, lab-on-chip and micro-total-analysis applications.

Factors Influencing Demand for a Producer-Owned Beef Retail Outlet

OpenAIRE

Lusk, Jayson L.; Cevallos, Edgar

2004-01-01

As the farm-to-retail price spread continues to grow, come cattle producers a beginning to consider integrating into the retail sector. Such a venture would require large investments in capital with uncertain return. This study seeks to determine the potential success of a stand-alone retail outlet selling “all natural†beef in an affluent area of Jackson, MS. Using choice-based conjoint analysis, demand for the new retail outlet is modeled as a function of the beef price at the store, dis...

Geocoding routinely collected administrative data to measure access to alcohol outlets in Wales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Richard Fry

2017-04-01

All authorities were able to provide an actual or approximate license issue date, allowing us to summarise the number of outlets annually. Several authorities were unable to provide precise outlet closure dates, so the date of the last interaction with the outlet was used to generate an approximate end date. One-half of the unitary authorities were able to provide the On/Off sales status of outlets, and 9 were able to provide opening hours. From these data we were able to geocode 53% (range 28% to 72% by local authority using GIS, the remaining 47% were matched using Google products to verify and extract a precise geographic location. Conclusions The collation and processing of retrospective alcohol outlet data was successfully completed to enable the building of a longitudinal exposure dataset. There was considerable variation between the unitary authorities in the quality of address data, and data related to the availability of alcohol, for example opening hours. The lack of address structure required us to devise a manual address matching process to capture the addresses that could not be geocoded. To aid future data linkage based evaluations to provide policy evidence in a timely manner, local government datasets should use standardised data fields, including addresses and Point-of-Capture address verification.

Severe metabolic alkalosis due to pyloric obstruction: case presentation, evaluation, and management.

Science.gov (United States)

McCauley, Meredith; Gunawardane, Manjula; Cowan, Mark J

2006-12-01

A 46-year-old man presented to the emergency room with severe metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, and respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. The cause of his acid-base disorder was initially unclear. Although alkalosis is common in the intensive care unit, metabolic alkalosis of this severity is unusual, carries a very high mortality rate, and requires careful attention to the pathophysiology and differential diagnosis to effectively evaluate and treat the patient. A central concept in the diagnosis of metabolic alkalosis is distinguishing chloride responsive and chloride nonresponsive states. Further studies are then guided by the history and physical examination in most cases. By using a systematic approach to the differential diagnosis, we were able to determine that a high-grade gastric outlet obstruction was the cause of the patients' alkalosis and to offer effective therapy for his condition. A literature review and algorithm for the diagnosis and management of metabolic alkalosis are also presented.

7 CFR 993.108 - Non-human consumption outlet.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... consumption outlet means any livestock feeder or manufacturer of inedible syrup, industrial alcohol, animal... FR 8278, Sept. 2, 1961; 26 FR 8483, Sept. 9, 1961] Effective Date Note: At 70 FR 30613, May 27, 2005...

16 CFR Appendix D to Part 436 - Sample Item 20(3) Table-Status of Franchise Outlets

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Sample Item 20(3) Table-Status of Franchise Outlets D Appendix D to Part 436 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION TRADE REGULATION RULES... Item 20(3) Table—Status of Franchise Outlets Status of Franchise Outlets For years 2004 to 2006 Column...

Nivel de desempeño en manufactura esbelta, manufactura sustentable y mejora continua

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Monge

2016-02-01

Full Text Available 40 plantas de manufactura medianas (12 y grandes (28 de Apodaca, México, fueron encuestadas para investigar el nivel de implantación de la manufactura esbelta, la manufactura sustentable, la mejora continua y su impacto en la eficiencia operacional y responsabilidad ambiental en ellas. En las dos categorías de plantas se encontró que el desempeño es bajo. En ambos casos es preocupante que en el municipio altamente industrializado de Apodaca, México, no se estén adoptando de manera decisiva las filosofías mencionadas. Finalmente se muestran los resultados estadísticos obtenidos en las respuestas de los gerentes de planta a los ítems del cuestionario. Esta información puede ser útil a la administración de las plantas para identificar y definir acciones específicas de mejora.

Examining the interaction between food outlets and outdoor food advertisements with primary school food environments.

Science.gov (United States)

Walton, Mat; Pearce, Jamie; Day, Peter

2009-09-01

Schools are commonly seen as a site of intervention to improve children's nutrition, and prevent excess weight gain. Schools may have limited influence over children's diets; however, with home and community environments also exerting an influence within schools. This study considered the environment of food outlets and outdoor food advertisements surrounding four case study primary schools in New Zealand, and the impact of that external environment on within-school food environments. The shortest travel route between school and home addresses, and the number of food outlets and advertisements passed on that route, was calculated for each student. Interviews with school management were conducted. The schools with a higher percentage of students passing food outlets and advertisements considered that their presence impacted on efforts within schools to improve the food environment. Limiting students' exposure to food outlets and outdoor food adverts through travel route planning, reducing advertising, or limiting the location of food outlets surrounding schools could be explored as intervention options to support schools in promoting nutrition.

Reduced upper obstructions in N3 and increased lower obstructions in REM sleep stage detected with manometry.

Science.gov (United States)

Wirth, Markus; Schramm, Juliane; Bautz, Maximilian; Hofauer, Benedikt; Edenharter, Günther; Ott, Armin; Heiser, Clemens

2018-01-01

In obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), airway obstruction occurs at different anatomic levels. The frequency and location of obstructions play a crucial role in the planning of surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharyngeal obstruction levels in different sleep stages with manometry in OSA patients. In addition, the manometry results were compared with drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE). Forty-one patients with OSA received manometry measurements during one night of sleep. All patients were simultaneously evaluated with polysomnography. The frequency of obstructions in different sleep stages was assessed. Twenty patients were additionally studied with DISE. Obstruction levels detected with manometry were compared with DISE. The frequency of upper and to a lesser extent lower obstructions decreased in sleep stage N3. In rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, lower obstructions increased. The overall proportion of upper and lower obstructions detected with manometry corresponded with DISE in 13 of 20 cases. A significant change in the obstruction levels was detected with manometry in N3 and REM sleep. The reduction of both upper and to a lesser extent lower obstructions in N3 suggests more stable airways in slow-wave sleep. Relevant lower obstructions were not detected in DISE compared to manometry in 5 out of 20 examinations. This could be a potential reason for treatment failure of site-specific surgical OSA treatment when only performing DISE preoperatively. Therefore, manometry could be a useful complementary tool in the preoperative evaluation for OSA.

As naturezas de Natura Ekos : vídeos publicitários constituindo sujeitos consumidores “sustentáveis”

OpenAIRE

Thaís Presa Martins

2016-01-01

Discursos em prol da “natureza” foram ingressando na ordem do dia em diversas instâncias e práticas sociais, vindo a atuar como potentes diferenciais para a venda de produtos pela mídia, particularmente, pela publicidade. Assim, novos nichos de mercado, novas categorias de produtos e novos valores empresariais foram sendo construídos, constituindo um novo perfil de sujeitos consumidores: os “sustentáveis” ou socioambientalmente “corretos”. Nesta direção, analisei como e de que lugar a linha d...

Material reciclado como elemento constructivo de una vivienda económica sustentable en la ciudad de Hco-2014

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Murrugarra, Ricardo

2015-01-01

Este proyecto de tesis consiste en el estudio del material reciclado como elemento constructivo de vivienda económica sustentable. Estos materiales después de su uso son desechado y aunque se le de algún tratamiento son desechos altamente contaminantes por su lenta degradación. Por este motivo damos la importancia de dar un uso adecuado de los materiales reciclados es un buen comienzo. Al igual que todo material reciclado empleado en la construcción, éstos se convertirá en un elemento impo...

Abandonment of the low level outlet structure at the McGregor South Dam

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mack, D.L; Murray, T.K. [Klohn-Crippen Consultants Ltd., Calgary, AB (Canada); Soutar, B.M. [Alberta Transportation, Edmonton, AB (Canada)

2008-07-01

The Carseland-Bow River Headworks (CBRH) is a major multi-purpose water delivery system, situated in southern Alberta. It supplies water to 87,000 hectares of agricultural land and several municipalities. The system was originally built starting in 1909. It consists of diversion works on the Bow River, 65 kilometres of canal, and the McGregor and Little Bow reservoirs. In the 1950s, the system was rehabilitated by the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration (PFRA), and Travers Reservoir was added in 1954. In 1973, ownership and operation of the CBRH system was turned over to Alberta Environment. In 2001, Alberta Transportation implemented a major program to rehabilitate and upgrade the CBRH system. This program included increasing the capacity of the canals and structures, and upgrading the dams to meet current dam safety guidelines. The project involved raising the north and south dams, providing an auxiliary spillway to accommodate the probable maximum flood (PMF), and rehabilitating the existing reservoir inlet and low level outlet structures. This paper discussed the abandonment of the existing low level outlet structure located within the south dam. The paper discussed the existing dams and outlet structure as well as the south dam and outlet structure. The abandonment of the existing low level outlet structure was discussed in terms of general construction; demolition; upstream conduits and gatewell; and downstream conduit. Several illustrations and photographs of the dam and the demolition were presented. It was concluded that the in-place abandonment of the existing low level outlet structure at the McGregor South Dam provides significant advantages, including eliminating the need to construct and remove an extensive cofferdam within the reservoir. 6 refs., 2 tabs., 4 figs.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... can also invite bacteria that lead to gum disease. Click here to find out more. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Download Download the ebook for further information Obstructive sleep ... high blood pressure, heart disease and decreased libido. In addition, OSA causes daytime ...

Expiry of medicines in supply outlets in Uganda.

Science.gov (United States)

Nakyanzi, Josephine Katabaazi; Kitutu, Freddy Eric; Oria, Hussein; Kamba, Pakoyo Fadhiru

2010-02-01

The expiry of medicines in the supply chain is a serious threat to the already constrained access to medicines in developing countries. We investigated the extent of, and the main contributing factors to, expiry of medicines in medicine supply outlets in Kampala and Entebbe, Uganda. A cross-sectional survey of six public and 32 private medicine outlets was done using semi-structured questionnaires. The study area has 19 public medicine outlets (three non-profit wholesalers, 16 hospital stores/pharmacies), 123 private wholesale pharmacies and 173 retail pharmacies, equivalent to about 70% of the country's pharmaceutical businesses. Our findings indicate that medicines prone to expiry include those used for vertical programmes, donated medicines and those with a slow turnover. Awareness about the threat of expiry of medicines to the delivery of health services has increased. We have adapted training modules to emphasize management of medicine expiry for pharmacy students, pharmacists and other persons handling medicines. Our work has also generated more research interest on medicine expiry in Uganda. Even essential medicines expire in the supply chain in Uganda. Sound coordination is needed between public medicine wholesalers and their clients to harmonize procurement and consumption as well as with vertical programmes to prevent duplicate procurement. Additionally, national medicine regulatory authorities should enforce existing international guidelines to prevent dumping of donated medicine. Medicine selection and quantification should be matched with consumer tastes and prescribing habits. Lean supply and stock rotation should be considered.

Severity of Airflow Obstruction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Proposal for a New Classification.

Science.gov (United States)

Coton, Sonia; Vollmer, William M; Bateman, Eric; Marks, Guy B; Tan, Wan; Mejza, Filip; Juvekar, Sanjay; Janson, Christer; Mortimer, Kevin; P A, Mahesh; Buist, A Sonia; Burney, Peter G J

2017-10-01

Current classifications of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) severity are complex and do not grade levels of obstruction. Obstruction is a simpler construct and independent of ethnicity. We constructed an index of obstruction severity based on the FEV 1 /FVC ratio, with cut-points dividing the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study population into four similarly sized strata to those created by the GOLD criteria that uses FEV 1 . We measured the agreement between classifications and the validity of the FEV 1 -based classification in identifying the level of obstruction as defined by the new groupings. We compared the strengths of association of each classification with quality of life (QoL), MRC dyspnoea score and the self-reported exacerbation rate. Agreement between classifications was only fair. FEV 1 -based criteria for moderate COPD identified only 79% of those with moderate obstruction and misclassified half of the participants with mild obstruction as having more severe COPD. Both scales were equally strongly associated with QoL, exertional dyspnoea and respiratory exacerbations. Severity assessed using the FEV 1 /FVC ratio is only in moderate agreement with the severity assessed using FEV 1 but is equally strongly associated with other outcomes. Severity assessed using the FEV 1 /FVC ratio is likely to be independent of ethnicity.

Numerical analysis of temperature fluctuation in core outlet region of China experimental fast reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhu Huanjun; Xu Yijun

2014-01-01

The temperature fluctuation in core outlet region of China Experimental Fast Reactor (CEFR) was numerically simulated by the CFD software Star CCM+. With the core outlet temperatures, flows etc. under rated conditions given as boundary conditions, a 1/4 region model of the reactor core outlet region was established and calculated using LES method for this problem. The analysis results show that while CEFR operates under rated conditions, the temperature fluctuation in lower part of core outlet region is mainly concentrated in area over the edge components (steel components, control rod assembly), and one in upper part is remarkable in area above all the components. The largest fluctuation amplitude is 19 K and the remarkable frequency is below 5 Hz, and it belongs to typically low frequency fluctuation. The conclusion is useful for further experimental work. (authors)

La relación globalización-desarrollo sustentable en el marco de los ODM para América Latina

OpenAIRE

Guardia, Alfonsina

2008-01-01

El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar algunas interpretaciones conceptuales que han intentado definir y describir los fenómenos de la globalización y el desarrollo sustentable con desigual resultado. Por otra parte, considerando los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio nos proponemos identificar qué problemas y desafíos presenta actualmente esa relación en el ámbito latino-americano. (Párrafo extraído del texto a modo de resumen) Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales...

Nasal obstruction and human communication.

Science.gov (United States)

Malinoff, R; Moreno, C

1989-04-01

Nasal obstruction may cause a variety of communication disorders, particularly in children. The effects of nasal obstruction on hearing, speech, language, and voice are examined. Methods for assessing the effects of nasal obstruction are delineated, and recommendations for therapeutic interventions are described.

Radiation-induced recurrent intestinal pseudo-obstruction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Conklin, J.L.; Anuras, S.

1981-01-01

The syndrome of intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a complex of signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction without evidence of mechanical obstruction of the intestinal lumen. A patient with radiation-induced intestinal pseudoobstruction is described. The patient is a 74-year old woman with a history of chronic diarrhea, recurrent episodes of crampy abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting since receiving a 13,000 rad radiation dose to the pelvis in 1954. She has been hospitalized on many occasions for symptoms and signs of bowel obstruction. Upper gastrointestinal contrast roentgenograms with small bowel follow-through done during these episodes revealed multiple dilated loops of small bowel with no obstructing lesion. Barium enemas revealed no obstructing lesion. Each episode resolved with conservative therapy. Other secondary causes for intestinal pseudo-obstruction were ruled out in our patient. She gave no history of familial gastrointestinal disorders. Although postirradiation motility abnormalities have been demonstrated experimentally this is the first report of radiation induced intestinal pseudo-obstruction

PROPUESTA DE EDUCACIÓN PARA EL DESARROLLO SUSTENTABLE EN EL RECICLAJE Y LA REUTILIZACIÓN DE MATERIALES EN JUEGOS Y JUGUETES EN LA EDUCACIÓN INICIAL

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LIGIA MARÍA CÁLAD IDÁRRAGA

2013-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presentan los resultados consolidados de la investigación que surgió como respuesta a la convocatoria realizada por la Organización Mundial de la Educación Preescolar (OMEP, para participar en la segunda fase del proyecto “Educación para el desarrollo sostenible”. Fue un estudio de carácter descriptivo, que permitió caracterizar el contenido de la educación para el desarrollo sustentable (EDS desde lo conceptual, las opiniones de docentes, directivos y maestros en formación y la observación de algunas experiencias significativas que se desarrollan en el medio, a fin de establecer los insumos que condujeran a la formulación de una propuesta de “Educación para el Desarrollo Sustentable en el reciclaje y la reutilización de materiales en juegos y juguetes en la educación inicial”, como propósito final de este estudio.

Obstructive sleep apnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Lee, Ruth

2011-03-01

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) represent two of the most prevalent chronic respiratory disorders and cardiovascular diseases are major co-morbidities in both. Co-existence of both disorders (overlap syndrome) occurs in 1% of adults and overlap patients have worse nocturnal hypoxemia and hypercapnia than COPD and OSA patients alone. The present review discusses recent data concerning the pathophysiological and clinical significance of the overlap syndrome.

The roles of outlet density and norms in alcohol use disorder

OpenAIRE

Ahern, J; Balzer, L; Galea, S

2015-01-01

© 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. Background: Alcohol outlet density and norms shape alcohol consumption. However, due to analytic challenges we do not know: (a) if alcohol outlet density and norms also shape alcohol use disorder, and (b) whether they act in combination to shape disorder. Methods: We applied a new targeted minimum loss-based estimator for rare outcomes (rTMLE) to a general population sample from New York City (N= 4000) to examine the separate and combined relations of neighborhood...

Ayurvedic medicine in Mauritius: Profile of Ayurvedic outlet, use, sale, distribution, regulation and importation.

Science.gov (United States)

Elaheebocus, Naailah; Mahomoodally, M Fawzi

2017-02-02

Ayurvedic medicine (AM) is a legalised alternative traditional medical system in the multicultural tropical island of Mauritius. A panoply of Ayurvedic specialised shops/centres involved in the provision of Ayurvedic services hereafter termed as 'outlets' operates in different regions of the island and is extensively exploited by a significant number of Mauritians. Nonetheless, there is currently no study geared towards studying the status of AM and profile of Ayurvedic outlets in Mauritius and there is undoubtedly a dearth of standardized regulatory framework governing the practice of AM in Mauritius. The present study attempts to study the profile of Ayurvedic outlets, sale, distribution, regulation and importation of AM in Mauritius. To evaluate the characteristics profile of Ayurvedic shops/clinics/pharmacies/centres, to document common Ayurvedic products used in the treatment and management of diseases, and to analyse existing regulatory control of AM in Mauritius. Ayurvedic outlets were identified using a random approach. Once permission granted, outlets were visited where face-to-face interviews with Ayurvedic practitioners/directors/dispensers were undertaken using a semi-structured questionnaire. The characteristics of the outlets with respect to the type of business registration, procurement and dispensing of products, registration and qualification of personnels employed amongst others were studied. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 was used to classify common AM dispensed to patients. Additionally, information was sought from local authorities pertaining to existing legislation governing the importation and regulation of AM in Mauritius. A total of 16 Ayurvedic outlets ('pharmacies' (n=3), clinics (n=2), shops (n=5) and centres (n=6)) was surveyed. Six outlets dispensed AM strictly on prescription only after consultation with an onsite full-time employed registered Ayurvedic practitioner. Seven outlets offered AM both on prescription

Bladder-sphincter dysfunction in myelomeningocele

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Gool, J. D.; Dik, P.; de Jong, T. P.

2001-01-01

Pediatric urodynamics taught us that detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia creates a bladder outlet obstruction in about 50% of any population of children with myelomeningocele. This functional obstruction causes renal damage due to obstructive uropathy, exactly the same way as a congenital anatomical

Is proximity to alcohol outlets associated with alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm in Denmark?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kedir, Abdu; Berg-Beckhoff, Gabriele; Stock, Christiane

2018-01-01

Background: This study examined the associations between distance from residence to the nearest alcohol outlet with alcohol consumption as well as with alcohol-related harm. Methods: Data on alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harm and sociodemographics were obtained from the 2011 Danish Drug...... and Alcohol Survey (n=5133) with respondents aged 15–79 years. The information on distances from residence to the nearest alcohol outlets was obtained from Statistics Denmark. Multiple logistic and linear regressions were used to examine the association between distances to outlets and alcohol consumption...... whereas alcohol-related harm was analysed using negative binomial regression. Results: Among women it was found that those living closer to alcohol outlets were more likely to report alcohol-related harm (p

Is proximity to alcohol outlets associated with alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm in Denmark?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Seid, Abdu K.; Berg-Beckhoff, Gabriele; Stock, Christiane

2018-01-01

Background: This study examined the associations between distance from residence to the nearest alcohol outlet with alcohol consumption as well as with alcohol-related harm. Methods: Data on alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harm and sociodemographics were obtained from the 2011 Danish Drug...... and Alcohol Survey (n = 5133) with respondents aged 15–79 years. The information on distances from residence to the nearest alcohol outlets was obtained from Statistics Denmark. Multiple logistic and linear regressions were used to examine the association between distances to outlets and alcohol consumption...... whereas alcohol-related harm was analysed using negative binomial regression. Results: Among women it was found that those living closer to alcohol outlets were more likely to report alcohol-related harm (p

“U-Method” TVT-Secur Slings: Are they obstructive?

Science.gov (United States)

Richard, Patrick; Gagnon, Louis-Olivier; Tu, Le Mai

2012-01-01

Introduction: The TVT-Secur, a single incision sling, was introduced in 2006. It is implanted using either the “hammock” or the “U-method” technique. With the latter, the sling is tightened to create a “pillowing effect” on the urethra until a negative stress test is obtained. Short-term results seem promising. However, no study has ever reported on the voiding pattern 12 months after its implantation. Our objective was to assess whether the “U-method” technique creates an obstructive voiding pattern on pressure-flow study (PFS) 12 months after the surgery. Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed the charts of 33 women who underwent the “U-method” TVT-Secur. Patients were evaluated before and 12 months postoperatively with regard to different urodynamic studies (UDS). The incontinence status was also assessed 12 months after surgery. Results: At 12 months after the operation, 12.5% (4/32) of the patients reported an improvement of their stress urinary incontinence, while 78.1% (25/32) reported being cured from it. The objective cure rate was 63% (19/30). One patient had a suspected bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) based on PFS. Maximal flow rate (Qmax) was significantly lower 12 months after surgery (26.0 mL/s [range: 19.0–36.5] vs. 21.5 mL/s [range: 16.0–32.3]). However, median voided volume was lower on the postoperative uroflowmetry (446 mL [range: 348–605] vs. 320 mL [range: 243–502]). Furthermore, none of the patients complained of voiding symptoms after surgery. Conclusions: Although one patient had findings compatible with BOO, none complained of voiding symptoms. TVT-Secur may result in a lower Qmax. However, this finding may be due to a lower voiding volume on the postoperative UDS. PMID:22511425

Collateral circulations in inferior vena cava obstruction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Jong Beum; Park, Jae Hyung; Han, Man Chung; Park, Soo Soung

1985-01-01

Obstruction of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is an uncommon condition, and the collateral pathway varies according to the level, extent, duration and the cause of obstruction. Membranous obstruction of IVC in its hepatic portion might be one of the principle cause among Korean, though not reported till now. Analytical study was performed in 26 cases of IVC obstruction with various cause. 1. The level of the obstruction showed relatively even distribution as follows, upper caval in 11 cases, middle caval in 6 cases and infrarenal in 9 cases. 2. The main cause of upper caval obstruction was membranous obstruction. 3. As a whole, the main collateral pathway was the central route (22 cases: 85%). 4. Characteristic collateral pathway unique to upper caval obstruction was transhepatic venous collateral, developed between the obstructed segment and unobstructed segment of IVC. 5. Scalloping of left cardiac border produced by pericardiophrenic venous collateral was characteristic simple chest x-ray finding in IVC obstruction

Is there an association between home-tobacco outlet proximity and smoking status in Denmark?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Berg-Beckhoff, Gabriele; K Seid, Abdu; Stock, Christiane

2017-01-01

and/or tobacco outlets on smoking habits for the first time in a population based survey in Denmark. Method: Data came from the 2011 Danish national alcohol and drug survey of the Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research of Aarhus University (response rate 64%) and registries of Statistics Denmark were...... between residing close to a tobacco outlet and the prevalence of current and previous smoking. However, no significant association was found between distance from residence to tobacco outlets and smoking habits. Discussion: The prevalence of current smokers (24%) is in accordance with the 2011 annual......Abstract It is well established that exposure to point-of-sale tobacco promotion or impulse purchases and access to and distance to tobacco outlets are related to youth and adult smoking. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of distance from residence to the nearest alcohol...

Effects of inlet/outlet configurations on the electrostatic capture of airborne nanoparticles and viruses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jang, Jaesung; Akin, Demir; Bashir, Rashid

2008-01-01

Motivated by capture and detection of airborne biological agents in real time with a cantilever biosensor without introducing the agents into liquids, we present the effects of inlet/outlet configurations of a homemade particle collector on the electrostatic capture of airborne 100 nm diameter nanoparticles under swirling gas flows. This particle collector has three different inlet/outlet configurations: forward inlet/outlet (FO), backward inlet/outlet (BO) and straight inlet/outlet (SO) configurations. We also present the electrostatic capture of Vaccinia viruses using the same particle collector and compare these virus measurements with the nanoparticle cases. The most particles were collected in the FO configuration. The numbers of particles captured in the BO and SO configurations were close within their standard deviations. For all the three configurations tested, the number of particles captured in the center electrode C was much smaller than those captured in the other electrodes at a flow rate of 1.1 l min −1 and an applied potential of 2 kV. Using a commercial CFD code FLUENT, we also simulated the effects of the three inlet/outlet configurations on the particle capture in terms of particle trajectories, velocities and travel times. This simulation was in a good agreement with measurements that the FO configuration is the most favorable to particle capture among the tested configurations at a flow rate of 1.1 l min −1 . The effects of particle diameters on the capture will also be discussed. This collector can be used for real-time monitoring of bioaerosols along with cantilever biosensors

Isolated Cervical Rib Fracture: A Rare Etiology of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

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Rayees Ahmad Dar

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Isolated fracture of a cervical rib is a very rare entity and usually presents as a painless swelling or as thoracic outlet syndrome. We describe a case of a 45-year-old woman with history of fall two months back. She presented with symptoms of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome for one month. Isolated left cervical rib fracture was documented on X-ray cervical spine. Her fractured cervical rib was resected through a supraclavicular approach, and symptoms resolved completely in the postoperative period.

Agricultura y manejo sustentable del acuífero de la Costa de Hermosillo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alejandro Salazar Adams

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El acuífero de la Costa de Hermosillo es uno de los más sobreexplotados de México. A pesar de ello, se sigue utilizando para cultivos de bajo valor y alto consumo de agua. En el presente artículo se estimó, mediante cuatro modelos de programación lineal, la asignación óptima de cultivos con base en la restricción que impone la recarga del acuífero; y es posible generar 90 por ciento del valor de la producción agrícola actual con alrededor de una tercera parte del volumen extraído. Los resultados permiten indicar la importancia de la eliminación de subsidios, de la reconversión agrícola y del uso de técnicas de riego eficientes, como medidas para lograr el manejo sustentable del acuífero.

Modelo de indicadores para la evaluación y monitoreo del desarrollo sustentable en la zona costera de Mahahual, Quintana Roo, México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lourdes Castillo Villanueva

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La evaluación y el monitoreo del desarrollo sustentable de las zonas costeras son fundamentales para conocer los retos por enfrentar, así como para determinar las estrategias que deban implementarse para su atención. Se propone un marco conceptual y un modelo de indicadores para evaluar el desarrollo de una zona costera. Se generó el índice de desarrollo sustentable para Mahahual obteniendo un valor de 0,40, que representa un nivel bajo de sustentabilidad, lo que indica que se debe poner especial atención en minimizar los factores de presión que se están presentando específicamente en dos zonas de interacción. Entre los desafíos para la sustentabilidad de Mahahual se encuentra diseñar políticas públicas adecuadas a las condiciones de la región, aplicar correctamente los instrumentos normativos y de planeación del territorio, mejorar la calidad de vida de la comunidad, reducir el impacto de las actividades turísticas y ordenar las actividades y usos en el ambiente marino.

El Diseño Sustentable como Herramienta para el Desarrollo de la Arquitectura y Edificación en México El Diseño Sustentable como Herramienta para el Desarrollo de la Arquitectura y Edificación en México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silverio Hernández Moreno

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta y describe una herramienta muy importante para el proceso del Diseño Sustentable en Arquitectura y Urbanismo. Explica en qué consiste el Diseño Sustentable y su relación con el Diseño por Ciclo de Vida en los Edificios, lo cual es otra herramienta que complementa a su vez al proceso de Diseño durante la concepción de proyectos de arquitectura, y durante la misma ejecución de los trabajos de construcción y mantenimiento del inmueble. Este documento también hace referencia a la sustentabilidad en arquitectura y cómo desde sus principios básicos se pueden y deben generar estrategias de diseño y métodos de aplicación para poder hacer una mejor arquitectura encaminada a satisfacer las necesidades del presente sin comprometer las necesidades de las futuras generaciones en el ámbito de la sustentabilidad: economía, sociedad y medio ambiente. Describe también que es necesario en México ampliar el marco normativo referente a arquitectura, ya que las normas actuales en materia de Diseño en arquitectura y urbanismo de este tipo son realmente insuficientes para hacer efi cientes los proyectos de arquitectura desde ese enfoque. Es necesario por tanto, que la investigación en México en materia de arquitectura sustentable se dé más a fondo, principalmente en el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías que permitan dicho desarrollo. This paper presents a very important tool for Sustainable Design in Architecture and Urbanism.This document explains what the Sustainable Design is, and its relation with LifeCycle Design which one is another tool that complements the Design Process during the creation of architecture projects, as well as during building construction and maintenance activities. This paper also describes the sustainability concept in relation with architecture; and how its principles could generate design methods and design strategies to solve several problems in architecture and urbanism projects for current

Supermarket and fast-food outlet exposure in Copenhagen: associations with socio-economic and demographic characteristics.

Science.gov (United States)

Svastisalee, Chalida M; Nordahl, Helene; Glümer, Charlotte; Holstein, Bjørn E; Powell, Lisa M; Due, Pernille

2011-09-01

To investigate whether exposure to fast-food outlets and supermarkets is socio-economically patterned in the city of Copenhagen. The study was based on a cross-sectional multivariate approach to examine the association between the number of fast-food outlets and supermarkets and neighbourhood-level socio-economic indicators. Food business addresses were obtained from commercial and public business locators and geocoded using a geographic information system for all neighbourhoods in the city of Copenhagen (n 400). The regression of counts of fast-food outlets and supermarkets v. indicators of socio-economic status (percentage of recent immigrants, percentage without a high-school diploma, percentage of the population under 35 years of age and average household income in Euros) was performed using negative binomial analysis. Copenhagen, Denmark. The unit of analysis was neighbourhood (n 400). In the fully adjusted models, income was not a significant predictor for supermarket exposure. However, neighbourhoods with low and mid-low income were associated with significantly fewer fast-food outlets. Using backwise deletion from the fully adjusted models, low income remained significantly associated with fast-food outlet exposure (rate ratio = 0·66-0·80) in the final model. In the city of Copenhagen, there was no evidence of spatial patterning of supermarkets by income. However, we detected a trend in the exposure to fast-food outlets, such that neighbourhoods in the lowest income quartile had fewer fast-food outlets than higher-income neighbourhoods. These findings have similarities with studies conducted in the UK, but not in the USA. The results suggest there may be socio-economic factors other than income associated with food exposure in Europe.

A consciência da definição e utilização de estratégias de desenvolvimento sustentável de acordo com os gestores de organizações públicas no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Danilo de Oliveira Sampaio

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar o conhecimento dos gestores e dirigentes de empresas públicas brasileiras sobre o significado de desenvolvimento sustentável. O estudo foi realizado entre abril e outubro de 2014 na cidade de Juiz de Fora, no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. A pesquisa foi do tipo descritiva e exploratória com viés qualitativo. A coleta de dados respeitou as cinco variáveis teóricas (meio ambiente natural, sociedade, economia, consumo sustentável e variável institucional propostas por Elkington (1987; 1999, García (2010 e Dresner (2002, sendo entrevistados sete gestores públicos, utilizando-se um roteiro semiestruturado. Foram analisados os discursos e falas dos gestores por meio de estatística descritiva e análise de conteúdo. Verificou-se que o conhecimento sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável dos gestores das organizações públicas brasileiras entrevistadas é parcialmente compreendido e pouco incentivado aos funcionários e sociedade. Notou-se a necessidade de instruir e capacitar os gestores sobre o significado de desenvolvimento sustentável e como implementar planos de ação respeitando as demandas dos cidadãos. Acredita-se que as estratégias para apoiar as aspirações sociais, econômicas e ambientais devem estar presentes com maior ênfase na gestão das organizações públicas brasileiras pesquisadas. Assim, atender as demandas da sociedade e proporcionar uma melhor qualidade vida são metas que o setor público brasileiro deve priorizar.

Approach to the HTGR core outlet temperature measurements in the United States

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Franklin, R.; Rodriguez, C.

1982-06-01

The High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) constructed at Fort St. Vrain Colorado (330 MWe) used Geminol thermocouples to measure the primary coolant temperature at the core outlet. The primary coolant (helium) is heated by the graphite core to temperatures in the range of 700 deg. to 750 deg. C. The combination of the high temperature, high flow rate and radiation at the core outlet area makes it difficult to obtain accurate temperature measurements. The Geminol thermocouples installed in the Fort St. Vrain reactor have provided accurate data for several years of power operation without any failures. The indicated temperature of the core outlet thermocouples agrees with a ''traversing'' thermocouple measurement to within +-2 deg. C. The Geminol thermocouple wire was provided by the Driver-Harris Company and is similar to the chromel versus alumel thermocouple. Geminol wire is no longer distributed and on future designs, chromel versus alumel wire will be used. The next large HTGR design, which is being performed with funding support from the United States Department of Energy, will incorporate replaceable thermocouples. The thermocouples used in the Fort St. Vrain reactor were permanently installed and large in diameter (6.35 mm) to insure good reliability. The replaceable thermocouples to be used in the next large reactor will be smaller in diameter (3.18 mm). These replaceable thermocouples will be inserted into the core outlet area through long curved guide tubes that are permanently installed. These guide tubes are as long as 18 meters and must be curved to reach the core outlet regions. Tests were conducted to prove that the thermocouples could be inserted and removed through the long curved guide tubes. (author)

Fusariosis de la espiga del trigo : dinámica del inóculo de Fusarium graminearum ante un manejo sustentable

OpenAIRE

Mourelos, Cecilia Alejandra

2015-01-01

Mourelos, C. A. (2015). Fusariosis de la espiga del trigo: Dinámica del inóculo de Fusarium graminearum ante un manejo sustentable. (Tesis de doctorado). Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina. La fusariosis de la espiga de trigo (FET) es una de las enfermedades fúngicas más importantes del cultivo de trigo y de otros cereales en la Argentina. En el país, la enfermedad es causada principalmente por Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorfo Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch]. Esta...

The premises is the premise: understanding off- and on-premises alcohol sales outlets to improve environmental alcohol prevention strategies.

Science.gov (United States)

Chinman, Matthew; Burkhart, Q; Ebener, Patricia; Fan, Cha-Chi; Imm, Pamela; Osilla, Karen Chan; Paddock, Susan M; Wright, Annie

2011-06-01

Environmental strategies to prevent the misuse of alcohol among youth--e.g., use of public policies to restrict minors' access to alcohol--have been shown to reduce underage drinking. However, implementation of policy changes often requires public and private partnerships. One way to support these partnerships is to better understand the target of many of the environmental strategies, which is the alcohol sales outlet. Knowing more about how off-premises outlets (e.g., liquor and convenience stores) and on-premises outlets (e.g., bars and restaurants) are alike and different could help community-based organizations better tailor, plan, and implement their environmental strategies and strengthen partnerships between the public and commercial sectors. We conducted a survey of managerial or supervisory staff and/or owners of 336 off- and on-premises alcohol outlets in six counties in South Carolina, comparing these two outlet types on their preferences regarding certain alcohol sales practices, beliefs toward underage drinking, alcohol sales practices, and outcomes. Multilevel logistic regression showed that while off- and on-premises outlets did have many similarities, off-premises outlets appear to engage in more practices designed to prevent sales of alcohol to minors than on-premises outlets. The relationship between certain Responsible Beverage Service (RBS) practices and outcomes varied by outlet type. This study furthers the understanding of the differences between off- and on-premises alcohol sales outlets and offers options for increasing and tailoring environmental prevention efforts to specific settings.

A cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between tobacco and alcohol outlet density and neighbourhood deprivation.

Science.gov (United States)

Shortt, Niamh K; Tisch, Catherine; Pearce, Jamie; Mitchell, Richard; Richardson, Elizabeth A; Hill, Sarah; Collin, Jeff

2015-10-05

There is a strong socio-economic gradient in both tobacco-and alcohol-related harm. One possible factor contributing to this social gradient may be greater availability of tobacco and alcohol in more socially-deprived areas. A higher density of tobacco and alcohol outlets is not only likely to increase supply but also to raise awareness of tobacco/alcohol brands, create a competitive local market that reduces product costs, and influence local social norms relating to tobacco and alcohol consumption. This paper examines the association between the density of alcohol and tobacco outlets and neighbourhood-level income deprivation. Using a national tobacco retailer register and alcohol licensing data this paper calculates the density of alcohol and tobacco retail outlets per 10,000 population for small neighbourhoods across the whole of Scotland. Average outlet density was calculated for neighbourhoods grouped by their level of income deprivation. Associations between outlet density and deprivation were analysed using one way analysis of variance. There was a positive linear relationship between neighbourhood deprivation and outlets for both tobacco (p sales alcohol (p sales and on-sales alcohol outlets. The social gradient evident in alcohol and tobacco supply may be a contributing factor to the social gradient in alcohol- and tobacco-related disease. Policymakers should consider such gradients when creating tobacco and alcohol control policies. The potential contribution to public health, and health inequalities, of reducing the physical availability of both alcohol and tobacco products should be examined in developing broader supply-side interventions.

Embalagens sustentáveis: análise da exposição de embalagens do setor alimentício em gôndolas de supermercado

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Thamyres Oliveira Clementino

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo aborda a informação acerca da sustentabilidade em embalagens alimentícias do tipo cartucho, apresentando os recursos informacionais existentes na superfície gráfica deste artefato e analisando a forma de exposição em gôndolas de supermercado. Tem como objetivo avaliar se os recursos estão sendo trabalhadas de modo a destacar seu caráter sustentável em gôndolas de supermercado, facilitando a identificação por parte do consumidor na hora da compra. Faz um breve levantamento sobre as formas de apresentação da informação acerca da sustentabilidade mediante órgãos competentes e artigos que abordem o tema e descreve um estudo realizado em quatro supermercados da cidade de Campina Grande – PB, onde inicialmente foram feitas observações e registros fotográficos das gôndolas, seguidos da aquisição de dez embalagens ecologicamente orientadas para posterior análise visual do posicionamento da informação nas faces do produto. A visita aos supermercados mostra um ambiente em que a embalagem sustentável não se destaca, dificultando o acesso à informação para o consumidor. Por sua vez, as análises nas embalagens apontam para a configuração gráfica, que não deixa claro este aspecto no painel frontal. Conclui-se que há necessidade de estudos que visem melhorar a configuração de exposição de embalagens sustentáveis em gôndolas, ou que se busque medidas gráficas que melhorem a percepção sobre a sustentabilidade no painel frontal.

Embalagens Sustentáveis: análise da exposição de embalagens do setor alimentício em gôndolas de supermercado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thamyres Oliveira Clementino

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo aborda a informação acerca da sustentabilidade em embalagens alimentícias do tipo cartucho, apresentando os recursos informacionais existentes na superfície gráfica deste artefato e analisando a forma de exposição em gôndolas de supermercado. Tem como objetivo avaliar se os recursos estão sendo trabalhadas de modo a destacar seu caráter sustentável em gôndolas de supermercado, facilitando a identificação por parte do consumidor na hora da compra. Faz um breve levantamento sobre as formas de apresentação da informação acerca da sustentabilidade mediante órgãos competentes e artigos que abordem o tema e descreve um estudo realizado em quatro supermercados da cidade de Campina Grande – PB, onde inicialmente foram feitas observações e registros fotográficos das gôndolas, seguidos da aquisição de dez embalagens ecologicamente orientadas para posterior análise visual do posicionamento da informação nas faces do produto. A visita aos supermercados mostra um ambiente em que a embalagem sustentável não se destaca, dificultando o acesso à informação para o consumidor. Por sua vez, as análises nas embalagens apontam para a configuração gráfica, que não deixa claro este aspecto no painel frontal. Conclui-se que há necessidade de estudos que visem melhorar a configuração de exposição de embalagens sustentáveis em gôndolas, ou que se busque medidas gráficas que melhorem a percepção sobre a sustentabilidade no painel frontal.

TÉCNICAS SUSTENTABLES PARA EL MANEJO DE LA PRODUCCIÓN DEL CHILE HABANERO (Capsicum Chinense Jacq.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luna-Esquivel G

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Se efectuó una revisión de las investigaciones reportadas en diversas áreas de la agronomía que se pueden aplicar al sistema de producción de chile habanero. Se recopilaron algunos trabajos relacionados con la sustentabilidad propuestos para el cultivo en cuanto a nutrición, manejo de humedad, aplicación de productos hormonales, utilización de productos orgánicos y aplicación de microorganismos. Se concluye que es necesario conocer más a fondo los componentes involucrados en el sistema de producción del cultivo y así lograr una mejor relación beneficio-costo para el productor, de una manera realmente sustentable.

Supermarket and fast-food outlet exposure in Copenhagen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Svastisalee, Chalida Mae; Jensen, Helene Nordahl; Glumer, Charlotte

2011-01-01

and neighbourhood-level socio-economic indicators. Food business addresses were obtained from commercial and public business locators and geocoded using a geographic information system for all neighbourhoods in the city of Copenhagen (n 400). The regression of counts of fast-food outlets and supermarkets v...

Combined Arterial Infusion and Stent Implantation Compared with Metal Stent Alone in Treatment of Malignant Gastroduodenal Obstruction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Zhongmin; Chen Kemin; Gong Ju; Zheng Yunfeng; Wang Tianxiang

2009-01-01

Many patients with malignant gastroduodenal obstruction have an unresectable primary lesion and distant metastases, which may prompt palliative management to allow the patient to eat and to improve the quality of life. Intraluminal metallic stent implantation (MSI) under fluoroscopic guidance has been reported to be an effective option for symptomatic relief in these patients, with a good safety record. An alternative, dual interventional therapy (DIT), has been used during the last decade, in which prosthesis insertion is followed by intra-arterial chemotherapy via the tumor-feeding arteries. The aim of this study was to compare success rates, complication rates, and survival time between MSI and DIT in patients who presented with gastroduodenal obstruction from advanced upper gastrointestinal tract cancer. All consecutive patients with malignant gastroduodenal obstruction seen at our center between October 2002 and August 2007 were retrospectively studied. Patients were treated palliatively by either MSI or DIT by the patient's or the next of kin's decision. Outcomes included technical and clinical success, complication rates, and survival. Of the 164 patients with malignant gastric and duodenal outlet obstructions, 80 (49%) underwent stent insertion as the primary therapy, while the remaining 84 (51%) received DIT. Clinical characteristics were similar between the two groups. In the MSI cohort initial stent implantation was successful in 73 patients (91%), two stents were used in 5 patients, and delayed additional stent insertion for stent obstruction related to tumor overgrowth was required in 3 patients during follow-up. In the DIT cohort the technical success rate was 94%, 3 patients required two stents, and stent obstruction occurred in 2 patients after initial stent placement. Early postprocedural clinical success, indicated by average dysphagia score, improved significantly in both groups: MSI group, from 4.56 to 1.51 (P < 0.01); and DIT group, from 4

Does neighborhood fast-food outlet exposure amplify inequalities in diet and obesity? A cross-sectional study.

Science.gov (United States)

Burgoine, Thomas; Forouhi, Nita G; Griffin, Simon J; Brage, Søren; Wareham, Nicholas J; Monsivais, Pablo

2016-06-01

Greater exposures to fast-food outlets and lower levels of education are independently associated with less healthy diets and obesity. Little is known about the interplay between these environmental and individual factors. The purpose of this study was to test whether observed differences in fast-food consumption and obesity by fast-food outlet exposure are moderated by educational attainment. In a population-based cohort of 5958 adults aged 29-62 y in Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom, we used educational attainment-stratified regression models to estimate the food-frequency questionnaire-derived consumption of energy-dense "fast foods" (g/d) typically sold in fast-food restaurants and measured body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) across geographic information system-derived home and work fast-food exposure quartiles. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds of obesity (BMI ≥30) and calculated relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) on an additive scale. Participant data were collected during 2005-2013 and analyzed in 2015. Greater fast-food consumption, BMI, and odds of obesity were associated with greater fast-food outlet exposure and a lower educational level. Fast-food consumption and BMI were significantly different across education groups at all levels of fast-food outlet exposure (P fast-food outlet exposure amplified differences in fast-food consumption across levels of education. The relation between fast-food outlet exposure and obesity was only significant among those who were least educated (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.08, 3.87; RERI = 0.88), which suggested a positive additive interaction between education and fast-food outlet exposure. These findings suggest that efforts to improve diets and health through neighborhood-level fast-food outlet regulation might be effective across socioeconomic groups and may serve to reduce observed socioeconomic inequalities in diet and obesity.

Construção sustentável : contributos do gesso para a sustentabilidade da construção

OpenAIRE

Torgal, Fernando Pacheco; Jalali, Said

2010-01-01

Este artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre o contributo do gesso para a sustentabilidade da indústria construção. A utilização de gesso obtido como sub-produto em vários processos industriais, o reaproveitamento do gesso quer durante a fase de construção ou demolição ou mesmo a produção de materiais à base de gesso incorporando resíduos industriais, são temas abordadas no presente artigo os quais constituem contributos inequívocos para uma construção mais sustentável....

Real time ultrasonography in obstructive jaundice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cho, Kyung Sik; Kim, Ho Kyun; Sung, Nak Kwan; Kim, Soon Yong

1982-01-01

Ultrasonography is a predominantly accurate, relatively simple unique diagnostic method of obstructive jaundice. The ultrasonographic findings of obstructive jaundice are dilated intra- and extrahepatic duct with intraluminal hyper reflective echo or mass in and/ or around the bile duct. The superiority of high resolution real time ultrasonography for the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice is bases on the easy detectability of extra- and intrahepatic bile ducts by its multiple sectional images in a short time, the flexibility of probe and small crystal size. Author evaluated real time sonographic findings 46 obstructive jaundice patients confirmed by surgery or radiographical examinations. The results were: 1. Diameter of extrahepatic duct in obstructive jaundice were varied from normal to 4.0 Cm, mostly 8 to 10 mm in diameter (26%). Degree of dilatation of biliary duct appeared more prominent in cancer patients than other causes of obstruction. 2. The site of obstruction was detected in 85% (39/46) and its common site was common bile duct in 63% (29/46). 3. The diagnostic accuracy of choledocholithiasis and cancer was 82% (22/27) and 44% (4/9), respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of the real time ultrasonography in obstructive jaundice was over all 75% (34/46)

Shopper Loyalty to Whom? Chain Versus Outlet Loyalty in the Context of Store Acquisitions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Lin, Arjen; Gijsbrechts, E.

2014-01-01

When patronizing stores, consumers may exhibit loyalty not only to a retail chain but also to a specific outlet. This distinction is important in a dynamic retail environment: if a store changes ownership, chain loyalty makes customers inclined to seek out another outlet of the former chain, whereas

Shopper loyalty to whom? Chain versus outlet loyalty in the context of store acquisitions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Lin, A.I.J.G.; Gijsbrechts, E.

When patronizing stores, consumers may exhibit loyalty not only to a retail chain but also to a specific outlet. This distinction is important in a dynamic retail environment: if a store changes ownership, chain loyalty makes customers inclined to seek out another outlet of the former chain, whereas

A temporal analysis of the spatial clustering of food outlets around schools in Christchurch, New Zealand, 1966 to 2006.

Science.gov (United States)

Day, Peter L; Pearce, Jamie R; Pearson, Amber L

2015-01-01

To explore changes in urban food environments near schools, as potential contributors to the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity among children. Addresses of food premises and schools in 1966, 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2006 were geo-coded. For each year, the number and proportion of outlets by category (supermarket/grocery; convenience; fast-food outlet) within 800 m of schools were calculated. The degree of spatial clustering of outlets was assessed using a bivariate K-function analysis. Food outlet categories, school level and school social deprivation quintiles were compared. Christchurch, New Zealand. All schools and food outlets at 10-year snapshots from 1966 to 2006. Between 1966 and 2006, the median number of supermarkets/grocery stores within 800 m of schools decreased from 5 to 1, convenience stores decreased from 2 to 1, and fast-food outlets increased from 1 to 4. The ratio of fast-food outlets to total outlets increased from 0·10 to 0·67. The clustering of fast-food outlets was greatest within 800 m of schools and around the most socially deprived schools. Over the 40-year study period, school food environments in Christchurch can be characterized by increased densities of fast-food outlets within walking distance of schools, especially around the most deprived schools. Since the 1960s, there have been substantial changes to the food environments around schools which may increasingly facilitate away-from-home food consumption for children and provide easily accessible, cheap energy-dense foods, a recognized contributor to the rise in prevalence of overweight and obesity among young people.

Managing neonatal bowel obstruction: clinical perspectives

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Desoky SM

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Sarah M Desoky,1 Ranjit I Kylat,2 Unni Udayasankar,1 Dorothy Gilbertson-Dahdal1 1Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA; 2Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA Abstract: Neonatal intestinal obstruction is a common surgical emergency and occurs in approximately 1 in 2,000 live births. The causes of obstruction are diverse with varied embryological origins, and some underlying etiologies are not yet well described. Some findings of neonatal bowel obstruction can be detected prenatally on ultrasound imaging. The obstruction is classified as “high” when the level of obstruction is proximal to the ileum, and “low” when the level of obstruction is at the ileum or colon. Early diagnosis of the type of intestinal obstruction and localization of the obstructive bowel segment guides timely and appropriate management of the underlying pathologic entity. Neonatal bowel obstructions are ideally managed at specialized centers with a large volume of neonatal surgery and dedicated pediatric surgical and anesthesia expertise. Although surgical intervention is necessary in most cases, initial management strategies often target underlying metabolic, cardiac, or respiratory abnormalities. Imaging plays a key role in early and accurate diagnosis of the abnormalities. When bowel obstruction is suspected clinically, initial imaging workup usually involves abdominal radiography, which may direct further evaluation with fluoroscopic examination such as upper gastrointestinal (UGI contrast study or contrast enema. This article provides a comprehensive review of clinical and radiological features of common and less common causes of intestinal obstruction in the neonatal age group, including esophageal atresia, enteric duplication cysts, gastric volvulus, congenital microgastria, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, duodenal atresia

Unusual presentations of eosinophilic gastroenteritis: Case series and review of literature

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Rafiq A Sheikh; Thomas P Prindiville; R Erick Pecha; Boris H Ruebner

2009-01-01

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) is an uncommon disease characterized by focal or diffuse eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract, and is usually associated with dyspepsia, diarrhea and peripheral eosinophilia. Diffuse gastrointestinal tract and colonic involvement are uncommon. The endoscopic appearance may vary from normal to mucosal nodularity and ulceration. Gastrointestinal obstruction is unusual and is associated with predominantly muscular disease. We present five unusual cases of EG associated with gastric outlet and duodenal obstruction. Two cases presented with acute pancreatitis and one had a history of pancreatitis. Four cases responded well to medical therapy and one had recurrent gastric outlet obstruction that required surgery. Four out of the five cases had endoscopic and histological evidence of esophagitis and two had colitis. Two patients had ascites. These cases reaffirm that EG is a disorder with protean manifestations and may involve the entire gastrointestinal tract. Gastric outlet and/or small bowel obstruction is an important though uncommon presentation of EG. It may also present as esophagitis, gastritis with polypoid lesions, ulcers or erosions, colitis and pancreatitis and may mimic malignancy.

Acquired Duodenal Obstruction in Children

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jen-Hung Chien

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Traumatic intramural hematoma of the duodenum is a rare cause of acquired duodenal obstruction in children, and a high degree of suspicion is therefore required to make an early and accurate diagnosis. We report a 6-year-old boy whose epigastrium was impacted by the handlebar of his bicycle during a traffic accident. The boy then experienced epigastralgia. Six days later, progressive bilious vomiting suggestive of gastrointestinal obstruction was noted. Imaging studies revealed a large hematoma extending from the fourth portion of the duodenum to the jejunum. Conservative methods of treatment failed to manage his condition. He underwent laparoscopic surgery to evacuate the hematoma. We also report a case of duodenal obstruction in a previously healthy 2-year-old girl who presented for the first time with acute symptoms of proximal intestinal obstruction. Contrast examinations showed apparent barium retention over the stomach and proximal duodenum. She underwent surgery due to persistent obstruction, and a mushroom-like foreign body was detected embedded in the orifice of the windsock duodenal web. After duodenoduodenostomy and removal of the bezoar, she had a smooth recovery and tolerated feeding well. We conclude that blunt abdominal trauma and incomplete duodenal obstruction, such as that caused by duodenal web, should be considered as possible causes of acquired proximal gastrointestinal obstruction in previously healthy children, despite their rarity.

40 CFR 63.3555 - How do I determine the outlet THC emissions and add-on control device emission destruction or...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true How do I determine the outlet THC.../outlet Concentration Option § 63.3555 How do I determine the outlet THC emissions and add-on control... section to determine either the outlet THC emissions or add-on control device emission destruction or...

Local concentration of fast-food outlets is associated with poor nutrition and obesity.

Science.gov (United States)

Kruger, Daniel J; Greenberg, Emily; Murphy, Jillian B; DiFazio, Lindsay A; Youra, Kathryn R

2014-01-01

We investigated the relationship of the local availability of fast-food restaurant locations with diet and obesity. We geocoded addresses of survey respondents and fast-food restaurant locations to assess the association between the local concentration of fast-food outlets, BMI, and fruit and vegetable consumption. The survey was conducted in Genesee County, Michigan. There were 1345 individuals included in this analysis, and the response rate was 25%. The Speak to Your Health! Community Survey included fruit and vegetable consumption items from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, height, weight, and demographics. We used ArcGIS to map fast-food outlets and survey respondents. Stepwise linear regressions identified unique predictors of body mass index (BMI) and fruit and vegetable consumption. Survey respondents had 8 ± 7 fast-food outlets within 2 miles of their home. Individuals living in close proximity to fast-food restaurants had higher BMIs t(1342) = 3.21, p food availability, which may constrain the success of nutrition promotion efforts. Efforts to decrease the local availability of unhealthy foods as well as programs to help consumers identify strategies for obtaining healthy meals at fast-food outlets may improve health outcomes.

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.

Science.gov (United States)

Gabbard, Scott L; Lacy, Brian E

2013-06-01

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIP) is a rare and serious disorder of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract characterized as a motility disorder with the primary defect of impaired peristalsis; symptoms are consistent with a bowel obstruction, although mechanical obstruction cannot be identified. CIP is classified as a neuropathy, myopathy, or mesenchymopathy; it is a neuropathic process in the majority of patients. The natural history of CIP is generally that of a progressive disorder, although occasional patients with secondary CIP note significant symptomatic improvement when the underlying disorder is identified and treated. Symptoms vary from patient to patient depending on the location of the luminal GI tract involved and the degree of involvement; however, the small intestine is nearly always involved. Common symptoms include dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, abdominal distension, constipation or diarrhea, and involuntary weight loss. Unfortunately, these symptoms are nonspecific, which can contribute to misdiagnosis or a delay in diagnosis and treatment. Since many of the symptoms and signs suggest a mechanical bowel obstruction, diagnostic tests typically focus on uncovering a mechanical obstruction, although routine tests do not identify an obstructive process. Nutrition supplementation is required for many patients with CIP due to symptoms of dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. This review discusses the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with CIP, with an emphasis on nutrition assessment and treatment options for patients with nutrition compromise.

Dual Pathology Causing Congenital Bladder Outlet Obstruction.

Science.gov (United States)

Kwong, Ruth; Johal, Navroop S; Upasani, Anand; Paul, Anu; Cuckow, Peter

2017-12-07

Anterior urethral syringocele is an uncommon congenital deformity characterised by cystic dilatation of bulbo-urethral gland ducts and is usually asymptomatic. We present a case on 4-day-old male neonate who presented with bilateral antenatal hydroureteronephrosis and renal impairment and found to have urethral syringocele and posterior urethral valves (PUV). Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

“Clavicular Duplication Causing Thoracic Outlet Obstruction ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

and left shoulder pain radiating to hand, and associated with paresthesia and .... results in fracture instead of acromioclavicular joint sprain and a “new” clavicle ... such as anomalous cervical ribs, hypoplastic first thoracic rib, exostoses of the ...

Simulation of water flows in multiple columns with small outlets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suh, Yong Kweon; Li, Zi Lu; Jeong, Jong Hyun; Lee, Jun Hee

2006-01-01

High-pressure die casting such as thixocasting and rheocasting is an effective process in the manufacturing automotive parts. Following the recent trend in the automotive manufacturing technologies, the product design subject to the die casting becomes more and more complex. Simultaneously the injection speed is also designed to be very high to establish a short cycle-time. Thus, the requirement of the die design becomes more demanding than ever before. In some cases the product's shape can have multiple slender manifolds. In such cases, design of the inlet and outlet parts of the die is very important in the whole manufacturing process. The main issues required for the qualified products are to attain gentle and uniform flow of the molten liquid within the passages of the die. To satisfy such issues, the inlet cylinder ('bed cylinder' in this paper) must be as large as possible and simultaneously the outlet opening at the end of each passage must be as small as possible. However these in turn obviously bring additional manufacturing costs caused by re-melting of the bed cylinder and increased power due to the small outlet-openings. The purpose of this paper is to develop effective simulation methods of calculation for fluid flows in multiple columns, which mimic the actual complex design, and to get some useful information which can give some contributions to the die-casting industry. We have used a commercial code CFX in the numerical simulation. The primary parameter involved is the size of the bed cylinder. We will show how the very small opening of the outlet can be treated with the aid of the porous model provided in the code. To check the validity of the numerical results we have also conducted a simple experiment by using water

Communicating Ebola through social media and electronic news media outlets: A cross-sectional study.

Science.gov (United States)

Househ, Mowafa

2016-09-01

Social media and electronic news media activity are an important source of information for the general public. Yet, there is a dearth of research exploring the use of Twitter and electronic news outlets during significant worldly events such as the recent Ebola Virus scare. The purpose of this article is to investigate the use of Twitter and electronic news media outlets in communicating Ebola Virus information. A cross-sectional survey of Twitter data and Google News Trend data from 30 September till 29 October, 2014 was conducted. Between 30 September and 29 October, there were approximately 26 million tweets (25,925,152) that contained the word Ebola. The highest number of correlated activity for Twitter and electronic news outlets occurred on 16 October 2014. Other important peaks in Twitter data occurred on 1 October, 6 October, 8 October, and 12 October, 2014. The main influencers of the Twitter feeds were news media outlets. The study reveals a relationship between electronic news media publishing and Twitter activity around significant events such as Ebola. Healthcare organizations should take advantage of the relationship between electronic news media and trending events on social media sites such as Twitter and should work on developing social media campaigns in co-operation with leading electronic news media outlets (e.g. CNN, Yahoo, Reuters) that can have an influence on social media activity. © The Author(s) 2015.

Global environmental health and sustainable development: the role at Rio+20 Saúde ambiental global e desenvolvimento sustentável: o papel na Rio+20

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gregg Lawrence Furie

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development represents a crucial opportunity to place environmental health at the forefront of the sustainable development agenda. Billions of people living in low- and middle-income countries continue to be afflicted by preventable diseases due to modifiable environmental exposures, causing needless suffering and perpetuating a cycle of poverty. Current processes of economic development, while alleviating many social and health problems, are increasingly linked to environmental health threats, ranging from air pollution and physical inactivity to global climate change. Sustainable development practices attempt to reduce environmental impacts and should, in theory, reduce adverse environmental health consequences compared to traditional development. Yet these efforts could also result in unintended harm and impaired economic development if the new "Green Economy" is not carefully assessed for adverse environmental and occupational health impacts. The environmental health community has an essential role to play in underscoring these relationships as international leaders gather to craft sustainable development policies.A Conferência da ONU Rio +20 sobre desenvolvimento sustentável representa uma oportunidade crucial para colocar a saúde ambiental à frente da agenda de desenvolvimento sustentável. Bilhões de pessoas que vivem em países de baixa e média renda continuarão a ser afligidas por doenças evitáveis devido a exposições ambientais modificáveis causando sofrimento desnecessário e perpetuando um ciclo de pobreza. Processos de desenvolvimento econômico atuais, enquanto aliviam muitos problemas de saúde e sociais, estão cada vez mais ligados a ameaças de saúde ambiental, abrangendo desde poluição do ar e inatividade física até mudanças climáticas globais. Práticas de desenvolvimento sustentável tentam reduzir o impacto ambiental e deveriam, em teoria, reduzir as

“Clavicular duplication causing thoracic outlet obstruction”: Unique ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

A 22‑year‑old female student reported with features of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome mainly involving C8‑T1 components of the brachial plexus, seemingly originating from involvement in costo‑clavicular space. Radiograph of the shoulder revealed clavicular duplication. Neuro‑physiological studies corroborated the ...

Líderes verdes: Agentes de cambio sustentable en las organizaciones turísticas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrés Ruiz Serrano

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo se fundamenta en una investigación que analiza, sucintamente, la evolución social respecto a la sustentabilidad y la educación ambiental en el marco empresarial, en particular, en gerentes o líderes actuales, utilizando como herramienta de propagación comunicativa la gestión del conocimiento. Para el caso que nos ocupa, la propuesta se desarrollará en las organizaciones turísticas. Se retoman algunos enfoques teóricos en materia organizacional y relaciones internacionales para comprender la importancia de una cultura sustentable; concepto que vincula a la cultura, la sociedad y los procesos cognitivos, con el objetivo de mostrar qué acercamiento contribuye de manera integral a una mejora en las empresas turísticas. Finalmente se enfatiza la importancia del pensamiento y proceso creativo para alcanzar una cultura ambiental y las propuestas en la evolución de una idea ecológica hacia una ética empresarial del turismo.

Bacteriological Analysis and Hygine Level of Food Outlets within Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.

OpenAIRE

Ibrahim TA; Akenroye OM; Osabiya OJ

2013-01-01

The bacteriological quality of three major food outlets in Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, was assessed using standard bacteriological methods. Swabs of hands of food vendors, table and plates in these outlets were assessed for total bacterial count, total coliform count and total E. coli count. A total of 789 bacterial colonies were isolated from hands of food handlers, tables and plates used for eating in the outlets. Eleven genera of bacteria were isolated and identified, they were; klebsiell...

Change in alcohol outlet density and alcohol-related harm to population health (CHALICE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fone David

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Excess alcohol consumption has serious adverse effects on health and violence-related harm. In the UK around 37% of men and 29% of women drink to excess and 20% and 13% report binge drinking. The potential impact on population health from a reduction in consumption is considerable. One proposed method to reduce consumption is to reduce availability through controls on alcohol outlet density. In this study we investigate the impact of a change in the density of alcohol outlets on alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harms to health in the community. Methods/Design A natural experiment of the effect of change in outlet density between 2005–09, in Wales, UK; population 2.4 million aged 16 years and over. Data on outlets are held by the 22 local authorities in Wales under The Licensing Act 2003. The study outcomes are change in (1 alcohol consumption using data from annual Welsh Health Surveys, (2 alcohol-related hospital admissions using the Patient Episode Database for Wales, (3 Accident & Emergency department attendances between midnight–6am, and (4 alcohol-related violent crime against the person, using Police data. The data will be anonymously record-linked within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank at individual and 2001 Census Lower Super Output Area levels. New methods of network analysis will be used to estimate outlet density. Longitudinal statistical analysis will use (1 multilevel ordinal models of consumption and logistic models of admissions and Accident & Emergency attendance as a function of change in individual outlet exposure, adjusting for confounding variables, and (2 spatial models of the change in counts/rates of each outcome measure and outlet density. We will assess the impact on health inequalities and will correct for population migration. Discussion This inter-disciplinary study requires expertise in epidemiology and public health, health informatics, medical statistics

The efficacy and safety of oral Tamsulosin controlled absorption system (OCAS for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to bladder outlet obstruction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: an open-label preliminary study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bannakij Lojanapiwat

2011-08-01

Full Text Available AIMS: Tamsulosin, a superselective subtype alpha 1a and 1d blocker, is used for the treatment of male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS commonly caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH. This prospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a new formulation, Tamsulosin OCAS® (Oral Controlled Absorption System, for LUTS associated with BPH in Thai patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty one patients over 40 years old with complaints of LUTS associated with BPH were recruited. Patients received an 8 week course of once daily 0.4 mg tamsulosin OCAS®, and were followed up at 2 (visit 3, 4 (visit 4 and 8 (visit 5 weeks post-treatment. At each visit, patients were assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS, Nocturia Quality of Life (N-QoL Questionnaire, QoL Assessment Index (IPSS-QoL, and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF. The primary outcome was efficacy of Tamsulosin. The secondary outcomes included change in the mean number of nocturia episodes, hours of undisturbed sleep (HUS and uroflowmetry measurements. RESULTS: Total IPSS significantly decreased at week 8 from baseline (from 19.52 to 6.08; p < 0.001. Similarly, the voiding and storage subscores of IPSS also continued to improve significantly starting from the second and third visits, respectively (p < 0.001 versus baseline. The IPSS-QoL and N-QoL scores significantly improved at visit 3 through end of study. In addition, we observed significant nocturia and HUS improvement in their last clinic visit. Uroflowmetry parameters, Qmax and Qave, improved significantly at 3rd clinic visit . Three patients experienced mild dizziness. CONCLUSION: Tamsulosin OCAS® treatment led to significant improvements in LUTS, HUS and QoL in Thai patients with bladder outlet obstruction from BPH with few side effects.

Heat transfer from the evaporator outlet to the charge of thermostatic expansion valves

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Langmaack, Lasse Nicolai; Knudsen, Hans-Jørgen Høgaard

2006-01-01

outlet with a special mounting strap. The heat transfer is quite complex because it takes place both directly through the contact points between bulb and pipe and indirectly through the mounting strap The TXV has to react to temperature changes at the evaporator outlet. Therefore, the dynamic behavior...... of the valve (and thereby the whole refrigeration system) depends greatly on the heat transfer between the evaporator outlet tube and the charge in the bulb. In this paper a model for the overall heat transfer between the pipe and the charge is presented. Geometrical data and material properties have been kept...... been found to predict the time constant for the temperature development in the bulb within 1-10 %. Furthermore it has been found that app. 20% of the heat transfer takes place trough the mounting strap....

Catchment power and the joint distribution of elevation and travel distance to the outlet

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. S. Sklar

2016-10-01

Full Text Available The delivery of water, sediment, and solutes by catchments is influenced by the distribution of source elevations and their travel distances to the outlet. For example, elevation affects the magnitude and phase of precipitation, as well as the climatic factors that govern rock weathering, which influence the production rate and initial particle size of sediments. Travel distance, in turn, affects the timing of flood peaks at the outlet and the degree of sediment size reduction by wear, which affects particle size distributions at the outlet. The distributions of elevation and travel distance have been studied extensively but separately, as the hypsometric curve and width function. Yet a catchment can be considered as a collection of points, each with paired values of elevation and travel distance. For every point, the ratio of elevation to travel distance defines the mean slope for transport of mass to the outlet. Recognizing that mean slope is proportional to the average rate of loss of potential energy by water and sediment during transport to the outlet, we use the joint distribution of elevation and travel distance to define two new metrics for catchment geometry: "source-area power", and the corresponding catchment-wide integral "catchment power". We explore patterns in source-area and catchment power across three study catchments spanning a range of relief and drainage area. We then develop an empirical algorithm for generating synthetic source-area power distributions, which can be parameterized with data from natural catchments. This new way of quantifying the three-dimensional geometry of catchments can be used to explore the effects of topography on the distribution on fluxes of water, sediment, isotopes, and other landscape products passing through catchment outlets, and may provide a fresh perspective on problems of both practical and theoretical interest.

Capacidades gerenciales, entorno y desarrollo sustentable : pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector hidrocarburífero del partido de Quilmes

OpenAIRE

Fernández Ziegler, Rodolfo Oscar

2015-01-01

Fernández Ziegler, R. O. (2015). Capacidades gerenciales, entorno y desarrollo sustentable. Pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector hidrocarburífero del partido de Quilmes (Tesis de posgrado). Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina. La tesis presentada se concentra en un estudio exploratorio sobre la población de PyMEs del sector hidrocarburífero dedicadas a la producción final y comercialización, radicadas en el Partido de Quilmes. Específicamente se trata de hacer ...

Surf zone entrainment, along-shore transport, and human health implications of pollution from tidal outlets

Science.gov (United States)

Grant, S. B.; Kim, J. H.; Jones, B. H.; Jenkins, S. A.; Wasyl, J.; Cudaback, C.

2005-10-01

Field experiments and modeling studies were carried out to characterize the surf zone entrainment and along-shore transport of pollution from two tidal outlets that drain into Huntington Beach and Newport Beach, popular public beaches in southern California. The surf zone entrainment and near-shore transport of pollutants from these tidal outlets appears to be controlled by prevailing wave conditions and coastal currents, and fine-scale features of the flow field around the outlets. An analysis of data from dye experiments and fecal indicator bacteria monitoring studies reveals that the along-shore flux of surf zone water is at least 50 to 300 times larger than the cross-shore flux of surf zone water. As a result, pollutants entrained in the surf zone hug the shore, where they travel significant distances parallel to the beach before diluting to extinction. Under the assumption that all surf zone pollution at Huntington Beach originates from two tidal outlets, the Santa Ana River and Talbert Marsh outlets, models of mass and momentum transport in the surf zone approximately capture the observed tidal phasing and magnitude of certain fecal indicator bacteria groups (total coliform) but not others (Escherichia coli and enterococci), implying the existence of multiple sources of, and/or multiple transport pathways for, fecal pollution at this site. The intersection of human recreation and near-shore pollution pathways implies that, from a human health perspective, special care should be taken to reduce the discharge of harmful pollutants from land-side sources of surface water runoff, such as tidal outlets and storm drains.

Statistical Approaches Used to Assess the Equity of Access to Food Outlets: A Systematic Review.

Science.gov (United States)

Lamb, Karen E; Thornton, Lukar E; Cerin, Ester; Ball, Kylie

2015-01-01

Inequalities in eating behaviours are often linked to the types of food retailers accessible in neighbourhood environments. Numerous studies have aimed to identify if access to healthy and unhealthy food retailers is socioeconomically patterned across neighbourhoods, and thus a potential risk factor for dietary inequalities. Existing reviews have examined differences between methodologies, particularly focussing on neighbourhood and food outlet access measure definitions. However, no review has informatively discussed the suitability of the statistical methodologies employed; a key issue determining the validity of study findings. Our aim was to examine the suitability of statistical approaches adopted in these analyses. Searches were conducted for articles published from 2000-2014. Eligible studies included objective measures of the neighbourhood food environment and neighbourhood-level socio-economic status, with a statistical analysis of the association between food outlet access and socio-economic status. Fifty-four papers were included. Outlet accessibility was typically defined as the distance to the nearest outlet from the neighbourhood centroid, or as the number of food outlets within a neighbourhood (or buffer). To assess if these measures were linked to neighbourhood disadvantage, common statistical methods included ANOVA, correlation, and Poisson or negative binomial regression. Although all studies involved spatial data, few considered spatial analysis techniques or spatial autocorrelation. With advances in GIS software, sophisticated measures of neighbourhood outlet accessibility can be considered. However, approaches to statistical analysis often appear less sophisticated. Care should be taken to consider assumptions underlying the analysis and the possibility of spatially correlated residuals which could affect the results.

Statistical Approaches Used to Assess the Equity of Access to Food Outlets: A Systematic Review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karen E. Lamb

2015-07-01

Full Text Available BackgroundInequalities in eating behaviours are often linked to the types of food retailers accessible in neighbourhood environments. Numerous studies have aimed to identify if access to healthy and unhealthy food retailers is socioeconomically patterned across neighbourhoods, and thus a potential risk factor for dietary inequalities. Existing reviews have examined differences between methodologies, particularly focussing on neighbourhood and food outlet access measure definitions. However, no review has informatively discussed the suitability of the statistical methodologies employed; a key issue determining the validity of study findings. Our aim was to examine the suitability of statistical approaches adopted in these analyses.MethodsSearches were conducted for articles published from 2000-2014. Eligible studies included objective measures of the neighbourhood food environment and neighbourhood-level socio-economic status, with a statistical analysis of the association between food outlet access and socio-economic status.ResultsFifty-four papers were included. Outlet accessibility was typically defined as the distance to the nearest outlet from the neighbourhood centroid, or as the number of food outlets within a neighbourhood (or buffer. To assess if these measures were linked to neighbourhood disadvantage, common statistical methods included ANOVA, correlation, and Poisson or negative binomial regression. Although all studies involved spatial data, few considered spatial analysis techniques or spatial autocorrelation.ConclusionsWith advances in GIS software, sophisticated measures of neighbourhood outlet accessibility can be considered. However, approaches to statistical analysis often appear less sophisticated. Care should be taken to consider assumptions underlying the analysis and the possibility of spatially correlated residuals which could affect the results.

Obstructive sleep apnea therapy

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hoekema, A.; Stegenga, B.; Wijkstra, P. J.; van der Hoeven, J. H.; Meinesz, A. F.; de Bont, L. G. M.

In clinical practice, oral appliances are used primarily for obstructive sleep apnea patients who do not respond to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. We hypothesized that an oral appliance is not inferior to CPAP in treating obstructive sleep apnea effectively. We randomly assigned

Estrategias de políticas públicas para el desarrollo sustentable, una visión crítica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bruno Cruz Petit

2012-09-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo sustentable se ha convertido, desde finales del siglo pasado, en uno de los ejes más importantes sobre el que se articulan las políticas públicas de la mayoría de los países. La crisis medioambiental ha obligado a los expertos en asuntos públicos a adoptar un nuevo paradigma para administración pública en el que la preservación del equilibrio ecológico debe tener un lugar central. Se habla de cambio de paradigma en la gestión pública porque el desarrollo sustentable (DS implica una profunda reorientación de los procesos económicos, sociales y políticos que el concepto tradicional de desarrollo, centrado en el crecimiento de la producción y el consumo, ha propiciado durante más doscientos aos de industrialización (Rojas, 2003. Varias décadas después del surgimiento de la sustentabilidad como eje orientador de las políticas públicas cabe reflexionar críticamente sobre el concepto de sustentabilidad, ver cuáles son los debates que éste suscita y las distintas estrategias que conlleva su aplicación. En este documento se describen de modo crítico las aproximaciones liberales y administrativas al DS, presentando no sólo sus aportaciones sino las dificultades a las que se enfrentan y que un enfoque alternativo, más apegado al nivel local, trata de solventar, vinculando la sustentabilidad a un cambio profundo en las estructuras políticas, sociales y económicas.

CFD Analysis on a Core Outlet Flow through the Fuel Alignment Plant of SMART

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Y. I.; Bae, Y. M.; Kim, K. K.

2014-01-01

CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations were performed to confirm the core flow distribution for SMART, which acquired standard design approval in 2012. In this paper, CFD simulation is also used to calculate the pressure distribution of a core outlet, a Fuel Alignment Plate (FAP), for SMART. In SMART, the fluid discharged from the Steam Generator comes into a Flow Mixing Header Assembly (FMHA), and is rearranged and split into a very fine size. The FMHA is greatly important for enhancing the flow distribution of a downcomer during a normal operation, transient, and even accidents. Then, the fluid discharged from the FMHA flows into the core upstream through flow skirt holes. The Low Core Support Plate (LCSP) reallocates the flow introducing into the inlet core from the core upstream. The deviation of flow distribution becomes smaller or almost disappears by LCSP holes having relatively large loss coefficient compared to the downstream flow deviation. In an open core, the flow deviation at the core inlet region is diminished by cross flow as it goes upward. Near the core outlet, the flow distribution can be distorted by the influence of a Fuel Alignment Plate (FAP) installed above the fuels. In this paper, the effect of the core outlet flow structure such as the FAP holes of SMART is investigated. Before the calculation, the influences of mesh size and turbulence models are inspected. CFD simulations were performed to investigate the effect of FAP flow holes on the core outlet flow of SMART. As a preliminary study, the dependency of the mesh size and turbulence models was tested; a fine grid was applied, the effect of which is negligible, and the core outlet flow is not sensitive to the turbulence models. In brief, the flow resistance of FAP is less than 15% of that of the fuel assemblies. The flow resistance deviation between two flow path patterns is less than 1% of that of active core. Even two flow path patterns located at the downstream location of the

Consumo sustentável e o comportamento de universitários: discurso e práxis! [doi: 10.5329/RECADM.20111002006

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giancarlo Gomes

2011-12-01

Full Text Available CONSUMO SUSTENTÁVEL E O COMPORTAMENTO DE UNIVERSITÁRIOS: DISCURSO E PRÁXIS! RESUMO O estudo tem por objetivo analisar o comportamento, discurso e prática, dos jovens universitários sobre o consumo sustentável. O método adotado foi a pesquisa quantitativa e de levantamento, realizada em uma universidade na cidade de Blumenau, SC. A população pesquisada foi composta por 330 estudantes. Os resultados apontam que, a maioria dos universitários pesquisados demonstra estar consciente do seu papel em relação aos cuidados com o meio ambiente. Apesar de esse fato representar um posicionamento favorável ao consumo sustentável, ele revela apenas a consciência dos respondentes sobre as problemáticas ambientais. O discurso dos universitários permite depreender uma preocupação com a conservação ambiental no momento de decisão do consumo. A prática desses universitários revela uma realidade diferente, em especial no que tange à valorização da relação custo-benefício em detrimento da relação custo-conservação ambiental e/ou contribuição pessoal com a aquisição de produtos e embalagens menos nocivos ao ambiente. A pouca cultura de conscientização enraizada na sociedade e o alto custo dos produtos ecológicos em comparação aos demais produtos tradicionais em oferta no mercado devem ser considerados. Para uma geração de poucos recursos, essa situação pode ser resultado da falta de alternativa econômica para participar ativamente dos movimentos em prol do consumo sustentável.   Palavras-Chave Comportamento do consumidor; consumo sustentável; universitários.     SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND BEHAVIOR OF COLLEGE: DISCOURSE AND PRACTICE!   ABSTRACT The study aims to analyze the behavior, speech and practice of university students about sustainable consumption. The method used was quantitative research and survey, conducted in a university in the city of Blumenau, SC. The research population consisted of 330 students

Surgical management of nasal obstruction.

Science.gov (United States)

Moche, Jason A; Palmer, Orville

2012-05-01

The proper evaluation of the patient with nasal obstruction relies on a comprehensive history and physical examination. Once the site of obstruction is accurately identified, the patient may benefit from a trial of medical management. At times however, the definitive treatment of nasal obstruction relies on surgical management. Recognizing the nasal septum, nasal valve, and turbinates as possible sites of obstruction and addressing them accordingly can dramatically improve a patient's nasal breathing. Conservative resection of septal cartilage, submucous reduction of the inferior turbinate, and structural grafting of the nasal valve when appropriate will provide the optimal improvement in nasal airflow and allow for the most stable results. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Does neighborhood fast-food outlet exposure amplify inequalities in diet and obesity? A cross-sectional study12

Science.gov (United States)

Forouhi, Nita G; Griffin, Simon J; Brage, Søren; Wareham, Nicholas J

2016-01-01

Background: Greater exposures to fast-food outlets and lower levels of education are independently associated with less healthy diets and obesity. Little is known about the interplay between these environmental and individual factors. Objective: The purpose of this study was to test whether observed differences in fast-food consumption and obesity by fast-food outlet exposure are moderated by educational attainment. Design: In a population-based cohort of 5958 adults aged 29–62 y in Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom, we used educational attainment–stratified regression models to estimate the food-frequency questionnaire–derived consumption of energy-dense “fast foods” (g/d) typically sold in fast-food restaurants and measured body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) across geographic information system–derived home and work fast-food exposure quartiles. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds of obesity (BMI ≥30) and calculated relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) on an additive scale. Participant data were collected during 2005–2013 and analyzed in 2015. Results: Greater fast-food consumption, BMI, and odds of obesity were associated with greater fast-food outlet exposure and a lower educational level. Fast-food consumption and BMI were significantly different across education groups at all levels of fast-food outlet exposure (P fast-food outlet exposure amplified differences in fast-food consumption across levels of education. The relation between fast-food outlet exposure and obesity was only significant among those who were least educated (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.08, 3.87; RERI = 0.88), which suggested a positive additive interaction between education and fast-food outlet exposure. Conclusion: These findings suggest that efforts to improve diets and health through neighborhood-level fast-food outlet regulation might be effective across socioeconomic groups and may serve to reduce observed socioeconomic inequalities in diet and obesity. PMID

Central Airway Obstruction: Benign Strictures, Tracheobronchomalacia, and Malignancy-related Obstruction.

Science.gov (United States)

Murgu, Septimiu Dan; Egressy, Katarine; Laxmanan, Balaji; Doblare, Guillermo; Ortiz-Comino, Rosamaria; Hogarth, D Kyle

2016-08-01

The purpose of this article is to provide an update on methods for palliating symptoms in patients with histologically benign and malignant central airway obstruction. We review the published literature within the past decade on postintubation, posttracheostomy, and TB- and transplant-related airway strictures; tracheobronchomalacia; and malignant airway obstruction. We review terminology, classification systems, and parameters that impact treatment decisions. The focus is on how airway stent insertion fits into the best algorithm of care. Several case series and cohort studies demonstrate that airway stents improve dyspnea, lung function, and quality of life in patients with airway obstruction. Airway stenting, however, is associated with high rates of adverse events and should be used only when curative open surgical interventions are not feasible or are contraindicated. Copyright © 2016 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Boundary conditions for free surface inlet and outlet problems

KAUST Repository

Taroni, M.; Breward, C. J. W.; Howell, P. D.; Oliver, J. M.

2012-01-01

We investigate and compare the boundary conditions that are to be applied to free-surface problems involving inlet and outlets of Newtonian fluid, typically found in coating processes. The flux of fluid is a priori known at an inlet, but unknown

Inferior vena cava obstruction and shock

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Megri Mohammed

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Shock is one of the most challenging life-threatening conditions with high mortality and morbidity; the outcomes are highly dependent on the early detection and management of the condition. Septic shock is the most common type of shock in the Intensive Care Unit. While not as common as other subsets of shock, obstructive shock is a significant subtype due to well defined mechanical and pathological causes, including tension pneumothorax, massive pulmonary embolism, and cardiac tamponade. We are presenting a patient with obstructive shock due to inferior vena cava obstruction secondary to extensive deep venous thrombosis. Chance of survival from obstructive shock in our patient was small; however, there was complete and immediate recovery after treatment of the obstruction on recognizing the affected vessels. This case alerts the practicing intensivist and the emergency medicine physician to consider occlusion of the great vessels other than the pulmonary artery or aorta as causes of obstructive shock.

El proyecto "Ciudad del Viento", Portal Bicentenario, Cerrillos: fecundidad de una idea modelo de diseño urbano sustentable

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Rubén González Aguayo

2010-06-01

Full Text Available A propósito de la oportunidad de reconstrucción del país, post terremoto 2010, y de la evaluación del proyecto ciudad parque, se analiza la propuesta ganadora del Primer Premio del Concurso Internacional de Ideas Portal Bicentenario, “Ciudad del Viento”, emplazada en el ex Aeródromo de Cerrillos en Santiago de Chile, en cuanto modelo de urbanización sustentable. /The reconstruction after de 8.8 earthquake in Chile is an opportunity to review the winner project of the contest "Ciudad Portal Bicentenario", transformation of Cerrillos Airport into a new sustainable city.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea. Association, consequences and treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

Pronzato, C

2010-12-01

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two diseases that often co-exist within an individual. This co-existence, known as overlap syndrome (OS), is the result of chance rather than a pathophysiological linkage and epidemiological studies indicate a prevalence of 1% in adult males. Patients vith OS have a more important sleep-related O2 desaturation than COPD patients with the same degree of bronchial obstruction and show an increased risk of developing hypercapnic respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension when compared with patients affected by only one of he diseases. COPD and OSAS are independent risk factors for cardiovascular events and their co-existence in OS probably increases this risk. Evidence of systemic inflammation in COPD and sleep apnea and consequentely OS, is interesting because it may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Treatment consists of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), with or without associated O2, for correction of the upper airway obstructive episodes and hypoxemia during sleep.

Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Adolescents: Association with Socioeconomic Status and Exposure to Supermarkets and Fast Food Outlets

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Chalida M. Svastisalee

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Background. We investigated differences in family social class associations between food outlet exposure and fruit and vegetable intake. Methods. We supplemented data from the 2006 Health Behavior in School Aged Children Study (n=6,096 with geocoded food outlet information surrounding schools (n=80. We used multilevel logistic regression to examine associations between infrequent fruit and vegetable intake and supermarket and fast food outlet concentration, stratified by family social class. Results. Boys and older children were most likely to eat fruit and vegetables infrequently. High fast food outlet exposure was marginally significant for low fruit intake in low social class children only. Children from middle and low social class backgrounds attending schools with combined high fast food outlet/low supermarket exposure were most likely to report infrequent fruit intake (ORlow=1.60; CI:  1.02–2.45; ORmid=1.40; CI:  1.03–190. Children from low social class backgrounds were also likely to report infrequent vegetable intake, given low supermarket and high fast food outlet exposure (OR=1.79; CI:  0.99–3.21. Conclusion. Our findings suggest social class modifies the relationship between intake and food outlet concentration. School interventions improving fruit and vegetable intake should consider neighborhood surroundings, targetting older children from low social class backgrounds.

The impact of the tobacco retail outlet environment on adult cessation and differences by neighborhood poverty.

Science.gov (United States)

Cantrell, Jennifer; Anesetti-Rothermel, Andrew; Pearson, Jennifer L; Xiao, Haijun; Vallone, Donna; Kirchner, Thomas R

2015-01-01

This study examined the impact of tobacco retail outlets on cessation outcomes over time among non-treatment-seeking smokers and assessed differences by neighborhood poverty and individual factors. Observational longitudinal cohort study using geospatial data. We used generalized estimating equations to examine cessation outcomes in relation to the proximity and density of tobacco retail outlets near the home. Eight large Designated Media Areas across the United States. A total of 2377 baseline smokers followed over three waves from 2008 to 2010. Outlet addresses were identified through North American Industry Classification System codes and proximity and density measures were constructed for each participant at each wave. Outcomes included past 30-day abstinence and pro-cessation attitudes. Smokers in high poverty census tracts living between 500 m and 1.9 km from an outlet were over two times more likely to be abstinent than those living fewer than 500 m from an outlet (P < 0.05). Density within 500 m of home was associated with reduced abstinence [odds ratio (OR) = 0.94; confidence interval (CI) = 0.90, 0.98) and lower pro-cessation attitudes (Coeff = -0.07, CI = -0.10, -0.03) only in high poverty areas. In low poverty areas, density within 500 m was associated with greater pro-cessation attitudes (OR = 0.06; CI = 0.01, 0.12). Gender, education and heaviness of smoking did not moderate the impact of outlet proximity and density on cessation outcomes. In the United States, density of tobacco outlets within 500 m of the home residence appears to be negatively associated with smoking abstinence and pro-cessation attitudes only in poor areas. © 2014 Society for the Study of Addiction.

Ultrasonography of small intestinal obstructions: a contemporary approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Garcia, D A A; Froes, T R; Vilani, R G D O C; Guérios, S D; Obladen, A

2011-09-01

To assess the accuracy of intestinal ultrasound for diagnosis of intestinal obstruction in dogs and cats. A prospective clinical study was performed. Inclusion criteria were dogs and cats with clinical signs suggestive of gastrointestinal obstruction. Animals with no obstruction detected on ultrasound were excluded if they could not be monitored for 48 hours to confirm absence of obstruction. Sonographic diagnosis of small intestinal obstruction was based on identification of at least two findings suggestive of intestinal obstruction. Ninety-two patients suspected of having intestinal obstruction were included. Correct diagnosis of intestinal obstruction was made in 21 cases (23%), and in 68 (74%) this diagnosis was excluded. Interpretation of the images on prospective analysis had sensitivity, positive predictive, specificity and negative predictive values of 100%, 87.5%, 95.8% and 100%, respectively. Ultrasonography is an excellent method for investigation of animals with gastrointestinal disorders, and is particularly useful for excluding obstructive processes. © 2011 British Small Animal Veterinary Association.

Magnetic resonance in obstructive jaundice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gupta, R.K.; Jena, A.; Khushu, S.; Kakar, A.K.; Mishra, P.K.

1989-01-01

Twelve cases of obstructive jaundice in whom ultrasound failed to demonstrate the site and/or the cause of obstruction of the biliary tract were examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), correctly diagnosing the site and cause of obstruction in 10 of 12 surgically proven cases. In one case of cholangiocarcinoma, the site of obstruction was well shown on MR but a definite cause could not be ascertained. In another patient who developed intermittent jaundice following surgery for choledochal cyst, MR demonstrated a solitary stone in the common hepatic duct. Surgical confirmation could not be achieved as the patient was lost to follow up. There were 6 cases of choledocholithiasis, 3 cases of gall bladder carcinoma and one case each of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. It is believed that MRI will provide obstructive jaundice and will be able to minimize the use of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in view of its ability to perform multiplanar imaging in multiple sequences. 11 refs., figs., 1 tab

The angiographic demonstration of hepatic vein obstruction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zu Maoheng; Xu Hao; Li Guojun; Gu Yuming; Wei Ning; Wang Cheng; Xu Wei

2004-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the angiographic feature of hepatic vein obstruction. Methods Forty-five patients (male 23, female 22, age 9-54 years) suffered from hepatic vein obstruction. The inferior vena cavography and the hepatic venography were performed in all cases. Results: IVC was free in 37 patients with hepatic vein obstruction, both IVC and HV were obstructed in 8 patients. The local or long stenosis of IVC was found in 31 inferior vena cavography. The diameter of IVC was normal in 12 patients. The sign of membranous dome was found in hepatic vein orifice in 5 cases and in accessory hepatic vein orifice in 4 cases. Intrahepatic venous collaterals were found in 45 cases. Conclusion: Hepatic vein obstruction can be reproached primarily in inferior vena cavography, the membranous dome is a direct sign of membranous obstruction of HV and AHV in inferior vena cavography. The selected hepatic venography can provide reliable evidence to diagnose hepatic vein obstruction

A hydrologic regression sediment-yield model for two ungaged watershed outlet stations in Africa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moussa, O.M.; Smith, S.E.; Shrestha, R.L.

1991-01-01

A hydrologic regression sediment-yield model was established to determine the relationship between water discharge and suspended sediment discharge at the Blue Nile and the Atbara River outlet stations during the flood season. The model consisted of two main submodels: (1) a suspended sediment discharge model, which was used to determine suspended sediment discharge for each basin outlet; and (2) a sediment rating model, which related water discharge and suspended sediment discharge for each outlet station. Due to the absence of suspended sediment concentration measurements at or near the outlet stations, a minimum norm solution, which is based on the minimization of the unknowns rather than the residuals, was used to determine the suspended sediment discharges at the stations. In addition, the sediment rating submodel was regressed by using an observation equations procedure. Verification analyses on the model were carried out and the mean percentage errors were found to be +12.59 and -12.39, respectively, for the Blue Nile and Atbara. The hydrologic regression model was found to be most sensitive to the relative weight matrix, moderately sensitive to the mean water discharge ratio, and slightly sensitive to the concentration variation along the River Nile's course

Occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Omland, Oyvind; Würtz, Else Toft; Aasen, Tor Børvig

2014-01-01

Occupational-attributable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents a substantial health challenge. Focusing on spirometric criteria for airflow obstruction, this review of occupational COPD includes both population-wide and industry-specific exposures....

Epidemiology and pathogenesis of thoracic outlet syndrome

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Wojcik Gustaw

2015-03-01

Full Text Available The superior thoracic aperture is a place particularly vulnerable to the occurrence of tissue conflict and the development of a number of neurovascular changes carrying a risk of upper limb dysfunction. The triggering factor in this case is the pressure on the nerve vascular elements brought about by too large muscles of the chest and neck, clavicle fracture and dislocation of the upper ribs, anomalies in the form of ribs, in the neck, or by apex of the lung tumors. Each anatomical anomaly may be a cause of a number of lesions and lead to the development of the disease. Due to the nature of the oppressed structures, there are two basic groups: neurogenic and vascular. The most common variant giving clinical symptoms is neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. In this, the compression ratio, the brachial plexus, and for this reason, the vascular surface of the upper limb dysfunction is often overlooked. However, the vascular variant, and especially arterial sub-variant, is very dangerous because it can give complications even in the form of aneurysms, and even upper limb ischemia. The aim of the study is to present the most common changes in the thoracic outlet causing functional disorders of the upper limb.

Operativ behandling af thoracic outlet syndrome

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Birkeland, Peter; Stiasny, Jerzy

2012-01-01

of the brachial plexus. At surgery, we found and severed a fibrous band that compressed the inferior trunk. Postoperatively, the pain subsided and fine hand movements improved. One patient had no cervical rib, however, in the two other cases we found rudimentary cervical ribs. Magnetic resonance imaging......We present three cases with longstanding true neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. All patients had aching pain in the shoulder, arm and ulnar border of the hand. On examination, we found atrophy of the hand muscles. Electromyography revealed signs of compromised function of the inferior trunk...

PPOOLEX experiments with a modified blowdown pipe outlet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Laine, J.; Puustinen, M.; Raesaenen, A.

2009-08-01

This report summarizes the results of the experiments with a modified blowdown pipe outlet carried out with the PPOOLEX test facility designed and constructed at Lappeenranta University of Technology. Steam was blown into the dry well compartment and from there through a vertical DN200 blowdown pipe to the condensation pool. Four reference experiments with a straight pipe and ten with the Forsmark type collar were carried out. The main purpose of the experiment series was to study the effect of a blowdown pipe outlet collar design on loads caused by chugging phenomena (rapid condensation) while steam is discharged into the condensation pool. The PPOOLEX test facility is a closed stainless steel vessel divided into two compartments, dry well and wet well. During the experiments the initial temperature level of the condensation pool water was either 20-25 or 50-55 deg. C. The steam flow rate varied from 400 to 1200 g/s and the temperature of incoming steam from 142 to 185 deg. C. In the experiments with 20-25 deg. C pool water, even 10 times higher pressure pulses were measured inside the blowdown pipe in the case of the straight pipe than with the collar. In this respect, the collar design worked as planned and removed the high pressure spikes from the blowdown pipe. Meanwhile, there seemed to be no suppressing effect on the loads due to the collar in the pool side in this temperature range. Registered loads in the pool were approximately in the same range (or even a little higher) with the collar as with the straight pipe. In the experiments with 50-55 deg. C pool water no high pressure pulses were measured inside the blowdown pipe either with the straight pipe or with the collar. In this case, more of the suppressing effect is probably due to the warmer pool water than due to the modified pipe outlet. It has been observed already in the earlier experiments with a straight pipe in the POOLEX and PPOOLEX facilities that warm pool water has a diminishing effect on

PPOOLEX experiments with a modified blowdown pipe outlet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Laine, J.; Puustinen, M.; Raesaenen, A. (Lappeenranta Univ. of Technology, Nuclear Safety Research Unit (Finland))

2009-08-15

This report summarizes the results of the experiments with a modified blowdown pipe outlet carried out with the PPOOLEX test facility designed and constructed at Lappeenranta University of Technology. Steam was blown into the dry well compartment and from there through a vertical DN200 blowdown pipe to the condensation pool. Four reference experiments with a straight pipe and ten with the Forsmark type collar were carried out. The main purpose of the experiment series was to study the effect of a blowdown pipe outlet collar design on loads caused by chugging phenomena (rapid condensation) while steam is discharged into the condensation pool. The PPOOLEX test facility is a closed stainless steel vessel divided into two compartments, dry well and wet well. During the experiments the initial temperature level of the condensation pool water was either 20-25 or 50-55 deg. C. The steam flow rate varied from 400 to 1200 g/s and the temperature of incoming steam from 142 to 185 deg. C. In the experiments with 20-25 deg. C pool water, even 10 times higher pressure pulses were measured inside the blowdown pipe in the case of the straight pipe than with the collar. In this respect, the collar design worked as planned and removed the high pressure spikes from the blowdown pipe. Meanwhile, there seemed to be no suppressing effect on the loads due to the collar in the pool side in this temperature range. Registered loads in the pool were approximately in the same range (or even a little higher) with the collar as with the straight pipe. In the experiments with 50-55 deg. C pool water no high pressure pulses were measured inside the blowdown pipe either with the straight pipe or with the collar. In this case, more of the suppressing effect is probably due to the warmer pool water than due to the modified pipe outlet. It has been observed already in the earlier experiments with a straight pipe in the POOLEX and PPOOLEX facilities that warm pool water has a diminishing effect on

Access to food retail outlets in County Durham, UK: a pragmatic cross-sectional study.

Science.gov (United States)

Mills, Susanna; Wright, Tim

2015-02-26

Strong links exist between deprivation, obesity, and dietary quality. Increasing interest has focussed on the concept of access to food and so-called food deserts, defined by a policy working group of the UK Low Income Project Team in 1995 as "areas of relative exclusion where people experience physical and economic barriers to accessing healthy food". We aimed to establish the accessibility of food retail outlets in County Durham, a county in north-east England, UK, considering physical access, affordability, and food range and quality. In a pragmatic cross-sectional study in County Durham, we used information from town surveys and food business databases to locate and identify food retail outlets. The prevalence of deprivation, obesity, retail outlets, takeaway outlets, and ratio of retail to takeaway outlets was mapped, to establish local food access, and any associations with deprivation and obesity. The times taken to travel from residences to supermarkets using private car and public transport were also measured. 400 members of the community participated in eight focus groups and commissioned on-street surveys. Focus group transcripts were reviewed alongside the on-street survey responses to identify key issues. Most residents shopped at least weekly for food (n=368, 92%), used a supermarket for their main food shop (372, 93%), travelled for up to 15 min (340, 85%), and used a car for transport (188, 47%). Many survey respondents indicated high levels of satisfaction with food retail outlets (average rating 8·7 out of 10 for agreement with the statement "Overall I am satisfied with the shop where I do my main food shopping"), although financial constraints and transport inconvenience were identified as barriers. Difficulties with food shopping were more widely described in focus groups, and many individuals felt that local shopping provision had declined, with an emergent excess of takeaway outlets. Food retail access was reduced for the disabled, full

Endoscopic Treatment of Early Gastric Obstruction After Sleeve Gastrectomy: Report of Two Cases

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mariana Nuno Costa

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Morbid obesity is an epidemic and complex disease which imposes a multidisciplinary approach. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy has become a frequent procedure given its efficacy and safety compared to other surgical options. However, it isn’t free from complications. Lax gastric fixation or incorrect positioning of the stomach during surgery can result in early gastric outlet obstruction caused by a volvulus-like mechanism by rotation of the stomach around its anatomic axes. This report refers to two cases of post sleeve gastric torsion resulting in persisting vomiting after initiating oral intake. The diagnosis was confirmed by upper gastrointestinal-contrast study and gastroscopy. In both cases, a fully covered self-expandable metallic stent was inserted which prompted the gastric lumen to become permeable resulting in symptomatic resolution. The stents were removed endoscopically after two and three months. Beyond more than three years of follow-up, the patients remain asymptomatic and no recurring “stenosis” was noticed. In these cases the use of fully covered self-expandable metallic stents demonstrated to be effective and safe in the treatment of post sleeve gastric torsion.

Taxa de corte sustentável para manejo das florestas tropicais

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Evaldo Muñoz Braz

2012-03-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985086Existe uma grande lacuna dos planos de manejo de florestas tropicais com relação à intensidade de extração e às taxas de corte, usualmente sendo definidas de forma arbitrária. Este trabalho visa definir intensidades de corte diferenciadas para grupos de espécies arbóreas comerciais, com diferentes ritmos de crescimento, por unidade de produção, no estado do Amazonas. Utilizou-se o incremento periódico anual percentual em volume, de 26 espécies arbóreas, obtido de parcelas permanentes. O incremento periódico anual, percentual em volume, para efeito diferenciador, considerou 1% como diferença limite. Foram identificadas três intensidades de corte, para as classes comerciais: 24,4% (grupo I, 35,4% (grupo II e 42,4% (grupo III. Considerando a exploração total sustentável por hectare, para as 26 espécies, seria de 11,5 m³ha-1 com intensidade de corte de 37%. O procedimento de cálculo é simples e pode ser utilizado pelos órgãos fiscalizadores, certificadores ou legisladores como balizador do ciclo de corte e taxa de corte.

Simulation of a proposed emergency outlet from Devils Lake, North Dakota

Science.gov (United States)

Vecchia, Aldo V.

2002-01-01

From 1993 to 2001, Devils Lake rose more than 25 feet, flooding farmland, roads, and structures around the lake and causing more than $400 million in damages in the Devils Lake Basin. In July 2001, the level of Devils Lake was at 1,448.0 feet above sea level1, which was the highest lake level in more than 160 years. The lake could continue to rise to several feet above its natural spill elevation to the Sheyenne River (1,459 feet above sea level) in future years, causing extensive additional flooding in the basin and, in the event of an uncontrolled natural spill, downstream in the Red River of the North Basin as well. The outlet simulation model described in this report was developed to determine the potential effects of various outlet alternatives on the future lake levels and water quality of Devils Lake.Lake levels of Devils Lake are controlled largely by precipitation on the lake surface, evaporation from the lake surface, and surface inflow. For this study, a monthly water-balance model was developed to compute the change in total volume of Devils Lake, and a regression model was used to estimate monthly water-balance data on the basis of limited recorded data. Estimated coefficients for the regression model indicated fitted precipitation on the lake surface was greater than measured precipitation in most months, fitted evaporation from the lake surface was less than estimated evaporation in most months, and ungaged inflow was about 2 percent of gaged inflow in most months. Dissolved sulfate was considered to be the key water-quality constituent for evaluating the effects of a proposed outlet on downstream water quality. Because large differences in sulfate concentrations existed among the various bays of Devils Lake, monthly water-balance data were used to develop detailed water and sulfate mass-balance models to compute changes in sulfate load for each of six major storage compartments in response to precipitation, evaporation, inflow, and outflow from

Boundary conditions for free surface inlet and outlet problems

KAUST Repository

Taroni, M.

2012-08-10

We investigate and compare the boundary conditions that are to be applied to free-surface problems involving inlet and outlets of Newtonian fluid, typically found in coating processes. The flux of fluid is a priori known at an inlet, but unknown at an outlet, where it is governed by the local behaviour near the film-forming meniscus. In the limit of vanishing capillary number Ca it is well known that the flux scales with Ca 2/3, but this classical result is non-uniform as the contact angle approaches π. By examining this limit we find a solution that is uniformly valid for all contact angles. Furthermore, by considering the far-field behaviour of the free surface we show that there exists a critical capillary number above which the problem at an inlet becomes over-determined. The implications of this result for the modelling of coating flows are discussed. © 2012 Cambridge University Press.

Unusual causes of mechanical small bowel obstruction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shatnawi, Nawaf J.; Bani-Hani, Kamal E.

2005-01-01

We herein report our experience regarding unusual causes of bowel obstruction to increase the awareness of surgeons regarding this disease. From 1991 to 2003, we had experience at the University affiliated hospitals, northern Jordan with 24 patients with small bowel obstruction resulting from unusual causes. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of these patients with regards to the mode of presentation, cause of obstruction, radiological and operative findings, management and outcome. We recorded 15 patients who underwent previous abdominal surgery. Preoperative diagnosis was correct in only one patient with an internal hernia, but the abdominal CT scan suggested the diagnosis in 5 of the 9 patients who had the scan. The final diagnosis was internal hernias in 11 patients, foreign bodies in 5, ischemic strictures in 3, carcinoid tumors in 2, endometriosis in 2, and metastatic deposit from interstitial bladder carcinoma in one patient. Nine of the 12 patients with recurrent obstruction had either short course or recurrence obstruction during the same hospital admission. W carried out bowel resections in 15 patients (5 resections were due to bowel strangulation). Post operative death occurred in 4 patients. Awareness of these rare causes of intestinal obstruction even in patients with previous abdominal operation might improve the outcome. The tentative diagnosis of adhesion obstruction in patients with unusual obstructive etiology might lead to a higher rate of gangrenous complications. Rigorous preoperative evaluation including careful history and early abdominal CT may show the obstructive cause. (author)

A etiological factors in mechanical intestinal obstruction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Asad, S.; Khan, H.; Khan, I.A.; Ghaffar, S.; Rehman, Z.U.

2012-01-01

Background: Intestinal obstruction occurs when the normal flow of intestinal contents is interrupted. The most frequent causes of intestinal obstruction are postoperative adhesions and hernias, which cause extrinsic compression of the intestine. Less frequently, tumours or strictures of the bowel can cause intrinsic blockage. Objective of the study was to find out the various a etiological factors of mechanical intestinal obstruction and to evaluate the morbidity and mortality in adult patients presenting to Surgical 'A' unit of Ayub teaching hospital with mechanical intestinal obstruction. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2009 to September, 2009. All patients presenting with intestinal obstruction and were above the age of 12 years were included in the study. Patients with non-mechanical obstruction were excluded from the study and those who responded to conservative measures were also excluded. Results: A total of 36 patients with age ranging from 12 to 80 years (Mean age 37.72+-19.74 years) and male to female ratio of 1.77:1, were treated for mechanical intestinal obstruction. The most common cause for mechanical intestinal obstruction was adhesions (36.1%). Intestinal tuberculosis was the second most common cause (19.4%), while hernias and sigmoid volvulus affected 13.9% patients each. Malignancies were found in 5.6% cases. Conclusion: Adhesions and Tuberculosis are the leading causes of mechanical intestinal obstruction in Pakistan. Although some patients can be treated conservatively, a substantial portion requires immediate surgical intervention. (author)

Unusual causes of obstructive jaundice. Computed tomography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rodriguez, E.; Pombo, F.; Cao, I.; Fernandez, R.; Riba da, M.

1998-01-01

The purpose of this study is to present selected computed tomography (CT) images showing unusual causes of obstructive jaundice. We reviewed retrospectively the Ct findings of obstructive jaundice in 227 patients. The most common causes of biliary obstruction were adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head (n=77) and cholangiocarcinoma (n=65). In 13 cases (5.7%), the etiology of obstructive jaundice was unusual or exceptional: tuberculous adenitis (n=3), obstruction of afferent loop (n=2)signet ring cell adenocarcinoma (n=3); in duodenum, gallbladder and papilla of Water), Mirizzi syndrome (n=1), adenocarcinoma of the hepatic flexure (n=1), choledochal cyst (n=1) and pancreatic lymphoma (n=1). (Author) 13 refs

Subtotal obstruction of the male reproductive tract

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Pierik, F.H.; Dohle, G.R.; Roijen, J.H. van; Vreeburg, J.T.M.; Weber, R.F.A.

2003-01-01

Bilateral obstruction of the male reproductive tract is suspected in men with azoospermia, normal testicular volume and normal FSH. A testicular biopsy is required to differentiate between an obstruction and a testicular insufficiency. Unilateral or subtotal bilateral obstructions and epididymal

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna Włodarska

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Sleep-related breathing disorders in children are a clinical problem which is more and more often diagnosed by doctors nowadays. They can be the basis for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome that causes a number of complications: lowering the quality of life, behavioural problems, complications involving cardiovascular system. The incidence of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in the paediatric population is estimated to be at the level of 2%. The symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome can be divided into daytime and night ones. Night symptoms in children include: snoring, apnoea, breathing with open mouth (both during the day and at night, dry tongue and mouth during sleep, agitated sleep in unnatural positions. Among daytime symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome there are: irritability, aggressiveness, hyperactivity, attention deficit disorder, delayed development and growth pattern (mainly failure to thrive, learning problems, morning headaches. Parents often do not connect the night and daytime symptoms with the possible development of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in their children. The main predisposing factor of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children is adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Effective and in most cases preferred treatment for the management of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children is adenotonsillectomy. Polysomnography and polygraphy are diagnostic tools helpful in the study of sleep-related disorders. The objective of this study was to systematise the knowledge on the epidemiology, aetiology, clinical image and prevention of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children.

Obstructive acute abdomen: reviewing important points

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Francisco, Marina Celli; Abud, Thiago Giansante; Reibscheid, Samuel; Szejnfeld, Jacob; Lederman, Henrique Manoel; Colleone Neto, Ramiro

2008-01-01

The obstructive acute abdomen is a common presentation, for which safe and effective management depends on a fast and accurate diagnosis. Conventional radiograph remains the first choice among the imaging exams because of its availability, low cost and the possibility to be done serially to follow the patient's clinical progression. The ultrasonography does not require ionizing radiation. It is a dynamic and in realtime exam. Computed tomography is used increasingly due to the provision of essential diagnostic information not apparent from radiographs, such as the confirmation of the obstruction, degree and place of the occlusion, presence of ischemia as well as the causes of the obstruction. Magnetic resonance imaging has presented great technological advances and it may play a role in the future of obstructive acute abdomen diagnosis. The objective of this pictorial essay is to review the different imaging techniques used on diagnosing obstructive acute abdomen. (author)

Development of Decision Support Formulas for the Prediction of Bladder Outlet Obstruction and Prostatic Surgery in Patients With Lower Urinary Tract Symptom/Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Part II, External Validation and Usability Testing of a Smartphone App

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Min Soo Choo

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Purpose We aimed to externally validate the prediction model we developed for having bladder outlet obstruction (BOO and requiring prostatic surgery using 2 independent data sets from tertiary referral centers, and also aimed to validate a mobile app for using this model through usability testing. Methods Formulas and nomograms predicting whether a subject has BOO and needs prostatic surgery were validated with an external validation cohort from Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center between January 2004 and April 2015. A smartphone-based app was developed, and 8 young urologists were enrolled for usability testing to identify any human factor issues of the app. Results A total of 642 patients were included in the external validation cohort. No significant differences were found in the baseline characteristics of major parameters between the original (n=1,179 and the external validation cohort, except for the maximal flow rate. Predictions of requiring prostatic surgery in the validation cohort showed a sensitivity of 80.6%, a specificity of 73.2%, a positive predictive value of 49.7%, and a negative predictive value of 92.0%, and area under receiver operating curve of 0.84. The calibration plot indicated that the predictions have good correspondence. The decision curve showed also a high net benefit. Similar evaluation results using the external validation cohort were seen in the predictions of having BOO. Overall results of the usability test demonstrated that the app was user-friendly with no major human factor issues. Conclusions External validation of these newly developed a prediction model demonstrated a moderate level of discrimination, adequate calibration, and high net benefit gains for predicting both having BOO and requiring prostatic surgery. Also a smartphone app implementing the prediction model was user-friendly with no major human factor issue.

Percutaneous Transhepatic Duodenal Drainage as an Alternative Approach in Afferent Loop Obstruction with Secondary Obstructive Jaundice in Recurrent Gastric Cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yao, N.-S.; Wu, C.-W.; Tiu, Chui-Mei; Liu, Jacqueline M.; Whang-Peng, Jacqueline; Chen, L.-T.

1998-01-01

Two cases are reported of chronic, partial afferent loop obstruction with resultant obstructive jaundice in recurrent gastric cancer. The diagnosis was made by characteristic clinical presentations, abdominal computed tomography, and cholescintigraphy. Percutaneous transhepatic duodenal drainage (PTDD) provided effective palliation for both afferent loop obstruction and biliary stasis. We conclude that cholescintigraphy is of value in making the diagnosis of partial afferent loop obstruction and in differentiating the cause of obstructive jaundice in such patients, and PTDD provides palliation for those patients in whom surgical intervention is not feasible

Study on Gas Field Optimization Distribution with Parameters Adjustment of the Air Duct Outlet for Mechanized Heading Face in Coal Mine

Science.gov (United States)

Gong, Xiao-Yan; Zhang, Xin-Yi; Wu, Yue; Xia, Zhi-Xin; Li, Ying

2017-12-01

At present, as the increasingly drilling dimensions with cross-section expansion and distance prolong in coal mine, the situation of gas accumulation in mechanized heading face becomes severe. In this paper, optimization research of gas distribution was carried out by adjusting parameters of the air duct outlet, including angle, caliber and the front and rear distance of air duct outlet. Mechanized heading face of Ningtiaota coal mine was taken as the research object, simulated and analyzed the problems of original gas field, the reasonable parameters range of the air duct outlet was determined according to the allowable range of wind speed and the effect of gas dilution, the adjustment range of each parameter of the air duct outlet is preliminarily determined. Base on this, the distribution of gas field under different parameters adjustment of air duct outlet was simulated. The specific parameters under the different distance between the air duct outlet and the mechanized heading face were obtained, and a new method of optimizing the gas distribution by adjusting parameters of the air duct outlet was provided.

Nonsurgical Fluoroscopically Guided Dacryocystoplasty of Common Canalicular Obstructions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wilhelm, Kai E; Hofer, Ulrich; Textor, Hans J [Department of Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53127 Bonn (Germany); Boeker, Thorsten [Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53127 Bonn (Germany); Strunk, Holger; Schild, Hans H [Department of Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53127 Bonn (Germany)

2000-01-15

Purpose: To assess dacryocystoplasty in the treatment of epiphora due to obstructions of the common canaliculus.Methods: Twenty patients with severe epiphora due to partial (n = 16) or complete (n = 4) obstruction of the common canaliculus underwent fluoroscopically guided dacryocystoplasty. In all cases of incomplete obstruction balloon dilation was performed. Stent implantation was attempted in cases with complete obstruction. Dacryocystography and clinical follow-up was performed at intervals of 1 week, and 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after the procedure. The mean follow-up was 6 months (range 3-18 months).Results: Balloon dilation was technically successfully performed in all patients with incomplete obstructions (n = 16). In three of four patients with complete obstruction stent implantation was performed successfully. Subsequent to failure of stent implantation in one of these patients balloon dilation was performed instead. The long-term primary patency rate in patients with incomplete obstructions was 88% (n = 14/16). In three of four cases with complete obstruction long-term patency was achieved during follow-up. Severe complications, infections, or punctal splitting were not observed.Conclusion: Fluoroscopically guided balloon dacryocystoplasty is a feasible nonsurgical therapy in canalicular obstructions with good clinical results that may be used as an alternative to surgical procedures. In patients with complete obstructions stent placement is possible but further investigations are needed to assess the procedural and long-term results.

Nonsurgical Fluoroscopically Guided Dacryocystoplasty of Common Canalicular Obstructions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wilhelm, Kai E.; Hofer, Ulrich; Textor, Hans J.; Boeker, Thorsten; Strunk, Holger; Schild, Hans H.

2000-01-01

Purpose: To assess dacryocystoplasty in the treatment of epiphora due to obstructions of the common canaliculus.Methods: Twenty patients with severe epiphora due to partial (n = 16) or complete (n = 4) obstruction of the common canaliculus underwent fluoroscopically guided dacryocystoplasty. In all cases of incomplete obstruction balloon dilation was performed. Stent implantation was attempted in cases with complete obstruction. Dacryocystography and clinical follow-up was performed at intervals of 1 week, and 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after the procedure. The mean follow-up was 6 months (range 3-18 months).Results: Balloon dilation was technically successfully performed in all patients with incomplete obstructions (n = 16). In three of four patients with complete obstruction stent implantation was performed successfully. Subsequent to failure of stent implantation in one of these patients balloon dilation was performed instead. The long-term primary patency rate in patients with incomplete obstructions was 88% (n = 14/16). In three of four cases with complete obstruction long-term patency was achieved during follow-up. Severe complications, infections, or punctal splitting were not observed.Conclusion: Fluoroscopically guided balloon dacryocystoplasty is a feasible nonsurgical therapy in canalicular obstructions with good clinical results that may be used as an alternative to surgical procedures. In patients with complete obstructions stent placement is possible but further investigations are needed to assess the procedural and long-term results

46 CFR 111.81-1 - Outlet boxes and junction boxes; general.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... fixture, wiring device, or similar item, including each separately installed connection and junction box... used. (d) As appropriate, each outlet-box or junction-box installation must meet the following...

Gas pressure in bubble attached to tube circular outlet

OpenAIRE

Salonen, A; Gay, Cyprien; Maestro, A; Drenckhan, W; Rio, Emmanuelle

2016-01-01

In the present Supplementary notes to our work ``Arresting bubble coarsening: A two-bubble experiment to investigate grain growth in presence of surface elasticity'' (accepted in EPL), we derive the expression of the gas pressure inside a bubble located above and attached to the circular outlet of a vertical tube.

Utilization of Cupping Therapy in the Treatment of Vascular Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in a Collegiate Pitcher: A Case Study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stephen A. Cage

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Objective: Present a clinical case detailing the effectiveness of dry cupping therapy in treating thoracic outlet syndrome. The utilization of dry cupping therapy on a 20-year-old collegiate baseball pitcher with diagnosed thoracic outlet syndrome is presented. Background: Thoracic outlet syndrome is a relatively rare musculoskeletal condition affecting 1/100,000 patients annually. Dry cupping therapy is an ancient therapeutic modality that utilizes various means of suction with the goal of decompressing myofascial layers. Treatment: Following diagnosis, patient was successfully treated in two weeks using dry cupping therapy. The patient experienced no further incidence of thoracic outlet syndrome symptoms and was able to complete the remainder of his competitive season. Uniqueness: The patient’s thoracic outlet syndrome was diagnosed at an early stage, leading to the need of clearance from a vascular specialist before returning to competition. To the author’s knowledge, there are currently no published case reports detailing the use of cupping therapy to treat thoracic outlet syndrome. Conclusion: Cupping therapy may be a viable treatment option when seeking to address tight musculature. Further research needs to be conducted to determine optimal parameters for cupping therapy as a therapeutic modality.

Ações sustentáveis para concepção de loteamentos ecológicos um Estudo de caso da Empresa Ellenco.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Odair de Almeida Ferreira

2015-08-01

Full Text Available A preocupação com o meio ambiente, e também com os processos produtivos das empresas de modo geral, devido as grandes emissões de agentes poluidores na atmosfera e recursos hídricos, vem prejudicando a flora, fauna e comprometendo a qualidade de vida das pessoas, e afetando todo o eco sistema e a sobrevivência do nosso planeta. Isso tem levado muitos consumidores a repensarem em seus hábitos, optando muitas vezes em adquirir e consumir produtos que possuem práticas em pró a preservação do planeta, diversas empresas atentas a essas mudanças comportamental, e de fato comprometida com as práticas sustentáveis, tem realizados nos últimos anos mudanças na concepção de seus produtos contemplando ações ecológicas. Dessa forma, a proposta deste artigo é discutir as ações possíveis de serem implantadas pelas loteadoras em seus residenciais, de forma que possa tornar os empreendimentos compatíveis aos conceitos de sustentabilidade. A metodologia utilizada foi à bibliográfica por meio do método dedutivo, e também será baseada nas experiências da empresa Ellenco Empreendimentos Imobiliários Ltda, uma loteadora, a qual se destina em implantar projetos residenciais no estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de identificação da concepção de loteamento com características sustentáveis da empresa. Por tanto, o objetivo da pesquisa é de apresentar as ações necessárias para a concepção de um loteamento sustentável. Em consonância com a bibliografia que trata do tema, e mais as análises de observação da empresa loteadora, foi possível identificar um conjunto de 18 ações em pró a sustentabilidade as quais poderão ser implantadas em um residencial. Chegando de forma consistente aos cumprimentos do objetivo e problemática da pesquisa, uma vez que a preocupação ao meio ambiente é uma necessidade real e deve ser consideras por todas as empresas, e também, considerando a existência de um nicho de mercado disposto

Neonatal intestinal obstruction in Benin, Nigeria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Osifo Osarumwense

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Intestinal obstruction is a life threatening condition in the newborn, with attendant high mortality rate especially in underserved subregion. This study reports the aetiology, presentation, and outcome of intestinal obstruction management in neonates. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of neonatal intestinal obstruction at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Nigeria, between January 2006-June 2008. Data were collated on a structured proforma and analysed for age, sex, weight, presentation, type/date of gestation/delivery, aetiology, clinical presentation, associated anomaly, treatment, and outcome. Results: There were 71 neonates, 52 were males and 19 were females (2.7:1. Their age range was between 12 hours and 28 days (mean, 7.9 ± 2.7 days and they weighed between 1.8 and 5.2 kg (average, 3.2 kg. The causes of intestinal obstruction were: Anorectal anomaly, 28 (39.4%; Hirschsprung′s disease, 8 (11.3%′ prematurity, 3 (4.2%; meconeum plug, 2 (2.8%; malrotation, 6 (8.5%; intestinal atresia, 8 (11.3%; necrotising enterocolitis (NEC, 4 (5.6%; obstructed hernia, 4 (5.6%; and spontaneous gut perforation, 3 (4.2%. Also, 27 (38% children had colostomy, 24 (33.8% had laparotomy, 9 (12.8% had anoplasty, while 11 (15.4% were managed nonoperatively. A total of 41 (57.7% neonates required incubator, 26 (36.6% needed total parenteral nutrition, while 15 (21.1% require d paediatric ventilator. Financial constraint, late presentation, presence of multiple anomalies, aspiration, sepsis, gut perforation, and bowel gangrene were the main contributors to death. Neonates with lower obstructions had a better outcome compared to those having upper intestinal obstruction ( P < 0.0001. Conclusion: Outcomes of intestinal obstruction are still poor in our setting; late presentation, financial constraints, poor parental motivation and lack of basic facilities were the major determinants of mortality.

Is ursodeoxycholic acid detrimental in obstructive cholestasis? A propos of a case of malignant biliary obstruction.

Science.gov (United States)

Bessone, Fernando; Roma, Marcelo Gabriel

2016-01-01

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the first choice medication for most cholestatic hepatopathies, due to its capability to counteract inflammation and bile-acid-induced liver damage, two common features in cholestasis. However, UDCA is usually contraindicated in obstructive cholestasis, due to the alleged risk of biliary integrity disruption due to its choleretic effect. We report on an 83-year-old man with an unsuspected malignant biliary obstruction who received moderate doses of UDCA (8-12 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks, because the preliminary evidence suggested he had chemotherapy-induced cholestasis. Liver integrity was extensively protected by UDCA, as indicated by a marked decrease in serum liver enzymes, despite a steady increase in the levels of bilirubin and serum bile acids due to the obstructive process. In conclusion, this report shows, for the first time in humans, that moderate UDCA doses can reduce liver injury associated with complete biliary obstruction. This may contribute to a better understanding of the risk-benefit ratio of the use of UDCA in obstructive cholangiopathies.

5 CFR 591.217 - In which outlets does OPM collect prices?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... data collection areas, accessibility by road, physical size, advertising, and other characteristics that reflect sales volume. To the extent practical, OPM prices like items in the same types of outlets...

Obstructive uropathy

Science.gov (United States)

... the kidney and causes it to become swollen ( hydronephrosis ). Obstructive uropathy can affect one or both kidneys. ... occurs during pregnancy. This condition is called idiopathic hydronephrosis of pregnancy.

Imaging of obstructed defecation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ganeshan, A.; Anderson, E.M.; Upponi, S.; Planner, A.C.; Slater, A.; Moore, N.; D'Costa, H.; Bungay, H.

2008-01-01

Constipation is a common problem in the western world, which occurs as a consequence of impaired colonic transit and/or due to obstructed defecation. Imaging plays an important role in distinguishing structural from functional causes of constipation. In this article a description of common imaging techniques for diagnosing structural causes of constipation with illustrations of abnormal defecographic findings in patients with obstructive defecation are presented

Imaging of obstructed defecation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ganeshan, A. [Radiology Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford (United Kingdom); Anderson, E.M. [Radiology Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford (United Kingdom)], E-mail: eanderson@doctors.org.uk; Upponi, S.; Planner, A.C.; Slater, A.; Moore, N.; D' Costa, H.; Bungay, H. [Radiology Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford (United Kingdom)

2008-01-15

Constipation is a common problem in the western world, which occurs as a consequence of impaired colonic transit and/or due to obstructed defecation. Imaging plays an important role in distinguishing structural from functional causes of constipation. In this article a description of common imaging techniques for diagnosing structural causes of constipation with illustrations of abnormal defecographic findings in patients with obstructive defecation are presented.

MR cholangiography: usefulness in obstructive jaundice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bae, Sang Hoon; Lee, In Jae; Nam, Kung Sook; Hong, Myung Sun; Lee, Kyung Hwan; Yun, Ku Sub

1994-01-01

Three-dimensional(3D) magnetic resonance(MR) projection imaging was evaluated as a noninvasive alternative to direct cholangiography for the assessment of its reliability in patients with obstructive jaundice. A heavily T2-weighted gradient-echo sequence(PSIF) was used for 3D MR projection imaging of the biliary system in five healthy volunteers and 25 patients with obstructive jaundice. The 3D images of the bile ducts were formed by stacking consecutive coronal MR images obtained with a fast imaging method to a maximum-intensity projection algorithm. In the volunteers, MR cholangiography could demonstrate the anatomy of the biliary tract in only two subjects. The extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts were well visualized in 23 patients with obstructive jaundice. The leve of obstruction and the grade of dilatation were depicted with MR cholangiography in all cases. And the cause of obstruction could be determined with MR cholangiography in 18 cases, MR cholangiography wa successful in two patients in whom ERCP failed. The gallbladder or dilated pancreatic duct not demonstrated by means of direct cholangiography was demonstrated with MR cholangiography in six cases. MR cholangiography may be a useful adjunctive tool for the noninvasive evaluation of patients with obstructive Jaundice

Computed tomography of obstructive jaundice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suh, Jung Hek; Lee, Joong Suk; Chun, Beung He; Suh, Soo Jhi

1982-01-01

It is well known that the computed tomography (CT) is very useful in the evaluation of obstructive jaundice. We have studied 55 cases of obstructive jaundice with whole body scanner from Jun.1980 to Jun. 1981. The results were as follows: 1. The sex distribution was 36 males and 19 females, and 40 cases of obstructive jaundice were seen in fifth, sixth, and seventh decades. 2. Causes of obstructive jaundice were 25 cases of pancreas cancer, 8 cases of common duct cancer, 4 cases of gallbladder cancer, 4 cases of ampulla vater cancer, 12 cases of common duct stone, and 2 cases of common duct stricture. 3. Levels of obstruction were 8 cases of hepatic portion, 15 cases of suprapancreatic portion, 28 cases of pancreatic portion, and 4 cases of ampullary portion. 4. In tumorous condition, CT demonstrated metastasis of other organs, 9 cases of the liver, 1 case of the lung, 3 cases of the pancreas, 3 cases of the common bile duct, 1 case of the stomach, and 12 cases of adjacent lymph nodes. 5. Associated diseases were 12 cases of intrahepatic stone, 4 cases of clonorchiasis, 2 cases of pancreas pseudocyst, 1 cases of hydronephrosis, and 1 case of renal cyst

Publication Outlets for School Psychology Faculty: 2010 to 2015

Science.gov (United States)

Hulac, David; Johnson, Natalie D.; Ushijima, Shiho C.; Schneider, Maryia M.

2016-01-01

Many school psychology faculty are required to publish for purposes of retention and promotion. It is useful to have an understanding of the different outlets for scholarly publications. In the present study, we investigated the peer-reviewed journals in which school psychology faculty were published between 2010 and 2015, the number of articles…

Ambiente hospitalar saudável e sustentável na perspectiva ecossistêmica: contribuições da enfermagem Ambiente hospitalario saludable y sustentable en la perspectiva ecosistémica: contribuciones de la enfermería Healthy and sustainable clinical environment in the ecossystemic perspective: contributions of the nursing area

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jacqueline Sallete Dei Svaldi

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Este texto propõe uma discussão sobre o ambiente hospitalar saudável e sustentável destacando-se as contribuições da enfermagem nesse processo. As bases filosóficas encontram-se ancoradas na teoria ecossistêmica que analisa as sensibilidades necessárias para entender a natureza e os elementos estruturantes do ambiente/espaço hospitalar. Enfatiza-se a força aglutinadora das Unidades Produtivas que, de maneira interdependente e inter-relacionada, devem buscar o espaço sustentável e saudável através da cooperação, flexibilidade e parceria dos elementos constituintes. Reitera-se que a realimentação constante do conhecimento, envolvendo de forma sistêmica todas as Unidades Produtivas, pode facilitar as atualizações necessárias para acompanhar as modificações e transformações do espaço e, assim, do próprio cosmos. Compreende-se que o profissional de enfermagem, ao favorecer a construção de inter-relações em um processo de interconexões, pode ser o agente de transformação e representar os nós conectivos que tecem a rede viva da organização do ambiente hospitalar, levando-o à sustentabilidade e a ser mais saudável.Se propone una reflexión del ambiente hospitalario saludable y sustentable destacando las contribuciones de la enfermería en este proceso. Las bases filosóficas se encuentran arraigadas en la teoría ecosistémica que analiza las sensibilidades necesarias para entender la naturaleza y los elementos de estructura del ambiente/espacio hospitalario. Enfatiza la fuerza aglutinadora de las Unidades Productivas que, de manera dependiente y relacionada entre si, deben buscar el espacio sustentable y saludable a través de la cooperación, flexibilidad y unión. Reitera el feedback constante del conocimiento, envolviendo sistémicamente todas las Unidades Productivas, puede posibilitar las actualizaciones necesarias para acompañar las transformaciones del espacio/cosmos. El profesional de enfermería, al

Localizing obstructive sites with dynamic MRI and consequentially proper therapy selection for obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oda, Makoto

2004-01-01

At present, selection of therapies for obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) relies on the localizing the obstructive sites and determination of its severity by polysomnography (PSG). Many methods have been applied to localize the obstructive sites. We attempted to evaluate the morphology of upper airway during sleep with dynamic MRI, and assessed the severity of OSAHS and results of therapies in groups classified by the patterns of obstructive sites. A categorizing system was set up, by which the obstructive sites were reviewed on axial and sagittal sections and accordingly classified into four patterns: front-to-back pattern, left-to-right pattern, circular pattern and epiglottis pattern. Comparison of apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), lowest SpO2 and BMI was performed between the different patterns. The results showed that the left-to-right pattern and circular pattern had a higher AHI and lower lowest SpO2, and more cases of obesity with higher BMI were found in these two groups. We also evaluated the results of different therapies for different obstructive site patterns. Radiofrequency coblation of soft palate was found to be effective for the front-to-back pattern. Improvement was found in 67% of all the cases that received uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), while a significant postoperative improvement of AHI was confirmed in left-to-right pattern and circular pattern groups. No significant difference in the results was found between different obstructive sites or patterns when nasal continuous positive airway pressure (n-CPAP) was applied alone. Being completely free from CPAP (completed treatment with improvement of symptoms) was achieved in 71.4% of all the cases and 85.7% in the left-to-right pattern group who received UPPP. We conclude that an optimal treatment results could be achieved by selecting the therapies based on the severity of OSAHS and result of localizing the obstructive sites by dynamic MRI. (author)

Obstructive sleep apnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Lee, Ruth

2012-02-01

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) represent two of the most prevalent chronic respiratory disorders and cardiovascular diseases are major co-morbidities in both. Co-existence of both disorders (overlap syndrome) occurs in 1% of adults and overlap patients have worse nocturnal hypoxemia and hypercapnia than COPD and OSA patients alone. The present review discusses recent data concerning the pathophysiological and clinical significance of the overlap syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS: The severity of obstructive ventilatory impairment and hyperinflation, especially the inspiratory capacity to total lung capacity (TLC) ratio, correlates with the severity of sleep-related breathing disturbances. Early treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improves survival, reduces hospitalization and pulmonary hypertension, and also reduces hypoxemia. Evidence of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in COPD and sleep apnea provides insight into potential interactions between both disorders that may predispose to cardiovascular disease. Long-term outcome studies of overlap patients currently underway should provide further evidence of the clinical significance of the overlap syndrome. SUMMARY: Studies of overlap syndrome patients at a clinical, physiological and molecular level should provide insight into disease mechanisms and consequences of COPD and sleep apnea, in addition to identifying potential relationships with cardiovascular disease.

Airways obstruction, coal mining, and disability.

OpenAIRE

Lapp, N L; Morgan, W K; Zaldivar, G

1994-01-01

It has recently been suggested that the inhalation of coal in the absence of complicated coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) or smoking can lead to disabling airways obstruction. The cause of such obstruction has been variously attributed to emphysema or bronchitis. The frequency of significant airways obstruction in a group of United States coal miners seeking compensation for occupationally induced pulmonary impairment was therefore determined. In a sample of 611 "Black Lung" claimants there...

Outlet strut fracture of Björk-Shiley convexo-concave valves: can valve-manufacturing characteristics explain the risk?

Science.gov (United States)

Omar, R Z; Morton, L S; Beirne, M; Blot, W J; Lawford, P V; Hose, R; Taylor, K M

2001-06-01

Björk-Shiley 60 degrees convexo-concave prosthetic heart valves (Shiley, Inc, Irvine, Calif, a subsidiary of Pfizer, Inc) continue to be a concern for approximately 35,000 nonexplanted patients worldwide, with approximately 600 events reported to the manufacturer to date. Fractures of the outlet struts of the valves began to appear in the early 1980s and have continued to the present, but their causes are only partially understood. A matched case-control study was conducted evaluating manufacturing records for 52 valves with outlet strut fractures and 248 control subjects matched for age at implantation, valve size, and valve position. In addition to the risk factors recognized as determinants of outlet strut fracture, the United Kingdom case-control study has observed 7- to 9-fold increased risk with performance of multiple hook deflection tests. This test was performed more than once, usually after rework on the valve. Six valves in this study underwent multiple hook deflection tests, of which 4 experienced an outlet strut fracture. Cracks and further rework were noted for these valves. Significant associations were also observed between outlet strut fracture and disc-to-strut gap measurements taken before the attachment of the sewing ring. It is our view that a combination of factors related to valve design, manufacturing process, and patient characteristics are responsible for outlet strut fractures of Björk-Shiley convexo-concave valves. Multiple hook deflection tests have emerged as a potential new risk factor for outlet strut fracture in both The Netherlands and the United Kingdom. This factor appears to be correlated with the presence of other abnormalities. A further study is needed to investigate the factors correlated with multiple hook deflection tests. On confirmation of risk, the presence of multiple hook deflection tests may be added to equations, quantifying the risk of outlet strut fracture for comparison against risk of mortality and serious

Using marine sediment archives to reconstruct past outlet glacier variability

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andresen, Camilla Snowman; Straneo, Fiamma; Ribergaard, Mads

2013-01-01

Ice-rafted debris in fjord sediment cores provides information about outlet glacier activity beyond the instrumental time period. It tells us that the Helheim Glacier, Greenland’s third most productive glacier, responds rapidly to short-term (3 to 10 years) climate changes....

Alcohol outlet densities and alcohol price: the British Columbia experiment in the partial privatization of alcohol sales off-premise.

Science.gov (United States)

Treno, Andrew J; Ponicki, William R; Stockwell, Tim; Macdonald, Scott; Gruenewald, Paul J; Zhao, Jinhui; Martin, Gina; Greer, Alissa

2013-05-01

Alcohol beverage prices or taxes have been shown to be related to alcohol sales and use and related problems. What is not clear are the mechanisms underlying these relationships. This study examines the relationship between alcohol outlet density under conditions of the partial privatization of off-premise consumption in British Columbia (BC) occurring over the past decade. Two hypotheses are tested. First, reflecting basic supply-demand principles, greater geographic densities of alcohol outlets will be directly related to reductions in beverage prices in response to greater competition. Second, reflecting the effects of niche marketing and resulting market stratification, increased densities of private liquor stores will be especially related to reductions in beverage prices within this outlet category. Data were collected from: (i) a survey of BC private store prices and practices, (ii) alcohol outlet location information, and (iii) data on demographic characteristics. Multilevel models examine the relationships between prices at individual private liquor stores and the densities of government liquor stores, private liquor stores, bars, and restaurants, controlling for background demographics and geographic unit level effects. Spatial dependencies were also examined. Increased densities of private liquor stores were associated with lower mean prices of beer and all alcohol aggregated across brands at the store level. There appeared to be no outlet level effect on discounting patterns, however, with the mean price differences apparently reflecting differences in the quality of brands carried rather than unequal prices for any given brand. Increased densities of private off-sale alcohol outlets appear to result in lower prices charged at said establishments independently of other types of alcohol outlets suggesting that they represent an emerging marketing niche in the context of off-sale outlet privatization. Copyright © 2012 by the Research Society on

Obstruction, US, and the minimally dilated renal collecting system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kamholtz, R.G.; Cronan, J.J.; Dorfman, G.S.

1987-01-01

To assess the significance of grade 1 hydronephrosis in the diagnosis of renal obstruction, the authors retrospectively reviewed the abdominal or renal US scans in 395 patients. In 80 patients there was a question of renal obstruction. Grade I hydronephrosis was observed in 33 of the 80 patients and obstruction was confirmed in more than 45% of these. In 315 patients, US was performed for reasons other than renal obstruction. Grade I hydronephrosis was observed in 39 of 315 patients, and obstruction was confirmed in less than 6%. The authors conclude that grade I hydronephrosis is significant when the question of renal obstruction exists. As an incidental finding, however, it is unlikely to represent obstruction. In the recent radiologic and medical literature grade I hydroephrosis is often dismissed as ''normal'' even in the clinical setting of obstruction. This trend is clearly not justified

Consideration of hot channel factors in design for providing operating margins on coolant channel outlet temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sharma, V.K.; Surendar, C.; Bapat, C.N.

1994-01-01

The Indian Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (IPHWR) are horizontal pressure tube reactors using natural uranium oxide fuel in the form of short (495 mm) clusters. The fuel clusters in the Zr-Nb pressure tubes are cooled by high pressure, high temperature and subcooled circulating heavy water. Coolant flow distribution to individual channels is designed to match the power distribution so as to obtain uniform coolant outlet temperature. However, during operation, the coolant outlet temperature in individual channels deviate from their nominal value due to: tolerances in process design; effects of grid frequency on the pump speed; deviation in channel powers from the nominal values due to on-power fuelling and movement of reactivity devices, and so on. Thus an operating margin, between the highest permissible and nominal coolant outlet temperatures, is required taking into account various hot channel factors that contribute to higher coolant outlet temperatures. The paper discusses the methodology adopted to assess various hot channel factors which would provide optimum operating margins while ensuring sub-cooling. (author)

Map-based prediction of organic carbon in headwater streams improved by downstream observations from the river outlet

Science.gov (United States)

Temnerud, J.; von Brömssen, C.; Fölster, J.; Buffam, I.; Andersson, J.-O.; Nyberg, L.; Bishop, K.

2016-01-01

In spite of the great abundance and ecological importance of headwater streams, managers are usually limited by a lack of information about water chemistry in these headwaters. In this study we test whether river outlet chemistry can be used as an additional source of information to improve the prediction of the chemistry of upstream headwaters (size interquartile range (IQR)) of headwater stream TOC for a given catchment, based on a large number of candidate variables including sub-catchment characteristics from GIS, and measured river chemistry at the catchment outlet. The best candidate variables from the PLS models were then used in hierarchical linear mixed models (MM) to model TOC in individual headwater streams. Three predictor variables were consistently selected for the MM calibration sets: (1) proportion of forested wetlands in the sub-catchment (positively correlated with headwater stream TOC), (2) proportion of lake surface cover in the sub-catchment (negatively correlated with headwater stream TOC), and (3) river outlet TOC (positively correlated with headwater stream TOC). Including river outlet TOC improved predictions, with 5-15 % lower prediction errors than when using map information alone. Thus, data on water chemistry measured at river outlets offer information which can complement GIS-based modelling of headwater stream chemistry.

Flow visualization study of two phase flow in a single bend outlet feeder pipe and horizontal annulus of outlet end-fitting of a CANDU reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Supa-Amornkul, S.; Lister, D.H.; Steward, F.R.

2005-01-01

'Full text:' In CANDU-6 reactors, the pressurized high-temperature coolant flows through 380 fuel channels passing horizontally through the core. Each end of a fuel channel has a stainless steel annular end-fitting connected to a carbon steel feeder pipe. The outlet coolant, which is at 310 o C with up to 0.30 steam voidage, turns through 90 o as it passes from flow in the annular end-fitting to pipe flow in the feeder via a Grayloc connector. Since 1996, several CANDU stations have reported excessive corrosion of their outlet feeder pipes; especially between the first metre, which consisted of single or double bends. Early studies related the attack to the hydrodynamics of the coolant and verified that it was a type of flow accelerated corrosion. In order to understand the hydrodynamics of the coolant in the outlet feeders by flow-visualization, a full-scale transparent test section simulating the geometry and orientation of an outlet feeder bend with its upstream annular end-fitting were fabricated. The feeder consisted of a 54 mm inside diameter acrylic pipe with a 73 o bend, connecting to an acrylic simulation of a Grayloc flanged fitting and annular end-fitting. The annular end-fitting consisted of an inner pipe, 110 mm outer diameter, and an outer pipe, 150 mm inner diameter, both 190.7 cm long in length. The tests were performed with water and air at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The maximum water volumetric flow rate was 19 L/s and the volume fraction of air varied from 0.05 to 0.56. The phase distributions within the feeder pipe and along the length of the annulus were investigated with a digital video recorder. Size, concentration and velocity of the air bubbles at particular locations were studied with a high-speed digital still camera and a high-speed digital video camera. Phase distributions and variations in bubble size with velocity were determined. Particular attention was paid to the flow pattern at the inside of the bend, where a CFD

Flow visualization study of two phase flow in a single bend outlet feeder pipe and horizontal annulus of outlet end-fitting of a CANDU reactor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Supa-Amornkul, S.; Lister, D.H.; Steward, F.R. [Univ. of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick (Canada)]. E-mail: h796e@unb.ca; dlister@unb.ca; fsteward@unb.ca

2005-07-01

'Full text:' In CANDU-6 reactors, the pressurized high-temperature coolant flows through 380 fuel channels passing horizontally through the core. Each end of a fuel channel has a stainless steel annular end-fitting connected to a carbon steel feeder pipe. The outlet coolant, which is at 310{sup o}C with up to 0.30 steam voidage, turns through 90{sup o} as it passes from flow in the annular end-fitting to pipe flow in the feeder via a Grayloc connector. Since 1996, several CANDU stations have reported excessive corrosion of their outlet feeder pipes; especially between the first metre, which consisted of single or double bends. Early studies related the attack to the hydrodynamics of the coolant and verified that it was a type of flow accelerated corrosion. In order to understand the hydrodynamics of the coolant in the outlet feeders by flow-visualization, a full-scale transparent test section simulating the geometry and orientation of an outlet feeder bend with its upstream annular end-fitting were fabricated. The feeder consisted of a 54 mm inside diameter acrylic pipe with a 73{sup o} bend, connecting to an acrylic simulation of a Grayloc flanged fitting and annular end-fitting. The annular end-fitting consisted of an inner pipe, 110 mm outer diameter, and an outer pipe, 150 mm inner diameter, both 190.7 cm long in length. The tests were performed with water and air at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The maximum water volumetric flow rate was 19 L/s and the volume fraction of air varied from 0.05 to 0.56. The phase distributions within the feeder pipe and along the length of the annulus were investigated with a digital video recorder. Size, concentration and velocity of the air bubbles at particular locations were studied with a high-speed digital still camera and a high-speed digital video camera. Phase distributions and variations in bubble size with velocity were determined. Particular attention was paid to the flow pattern at the inside

R/S analysis based study on long memory about CODMn in Poyang Lake Inlet and Outlet

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Lili

2018-02-01

Rescaled range analysis (R/S) is applied to the long memory behavior analysis of water CODMn series in Poyang Lake Inlet and Outlet in China. The results show that these CODMn series are characterized by long memory, and the characteristics have obvious differences between the Lake Inlet and Outlet. Our findings suggest that there was an obvious scale invariance, namely CODMn series in Lake Inlet for 13 weeks and CODMn in Lake Outlet for 17 weeks. Both displayed a two-power-law distribution and a similar high long memory. We made a preliminary explanation for the existence of the boundary point tc , using self-organized criticality. This work can be helpful to improvement of modelling of lake water quality.

Estrategias para fomentar políticas y practicas sustentables en el transporte metropolitano de distribución de mercancías.

OpenAIRE

Antún, Juan Pablo; Hernández Casanova, Rodolfo

2010-01-01

Se presentan lineamientos en cinco áreas de intervención para el fomento de políticas públicas en planificación de transporte urbano de carga y de prácticas logísticas empresariales que conduzcan a procesos sustentables en la distribución urbana de mercancías. Para tal fin se discute sobre la problemática del sector y las características actuales de la intervención publica en la zona metropolitana de la ciudad de México (ZMCM); asimismo se analizan las tendencias en transporte urbano de carga...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - adults - discharge

Science.gov (United States)

... coughing up dark mucus Your fingertips or the skin around your fingernails are blue Alternative Names COPD - adults - discharge; Chronic obstructive airways disease - adults - discharge; Chronic obstructive lung disease - adults - discharge; ...

Educación ambiental, participación comunitaria y desarrollo sustentable: los casos de los municipios de Juanacatlán y El Salto, Jalisco.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Humberto Palos Delgadillo

2016-02-01

Full Text Available El grave deterioro ecológico y la pérdida de flora y fauna en los municipios de Juanacatlán y El Salto Jalisco, en particular por un río y una cascada muertos, debido fundamentalmente a las concentraciones de contaminantes que generan las empresas establecidas en el corredor industrial de esa región, ha dañado la salud de la población. Lo anterior refleja el casi nulo desarrollo sustentable en esa parte del estado de Jalisco. El presente trabajo estudia la participación comunitaria con base en la educación ambiental y la sustentabilidad. Es decir, a la sociedad se le piden dos cosas: a que se involucre en acciones de conservación del medio ambiente y b que exija a las empresas y autoridades correspondientes, el cumplimiento a la legislación vigente a fin de obtener respuestas concretas a favor de la naturaleza. El estudio utiliza el método exploratorio bajo el supuesto de que son relevantes las habilidades de comunicación entre las partes interesadas por el cambio social. Al respecto se plantea un modelo que contempla la información retroalimentadora entre ciudadanos libres sin ningún matiz partidista o religioso, que también busquen el bien común e influyan en el desarrollo comunitario sustentable.

Survey of Publication Outlets in Early Childhood Education: Descriptive Data, Review Processes, and Advice to Authors

Science.gov (United States)

Amodei, Michelle L.; Jalongo, Mary Renck; Myers, Jacqueline; Onchwari, Jacqueline; Gargiulo, Richard M.

2013-01-01

Publishing outlets in the field of early childhood vary widely in terms of emphasis on theory, practice, and research as they relate to the care and education of the very young; these outlets also have different readerships (i.e., primarily for teachers, the teachers of their teachers, or the fellow scholars/researchers). Included in the mixture…

Effect of spacer grid mixing vanes on coolant outlet temperature distribution

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raemae, Tommi; Lahtinen, Tuukka; Brandt, Tellervo; Toppila, Timo [Fortum Power and Heat, Fortum (Finland). Nuclear Competence Center

2012-08-15

In Loviisa VVER-440-type NPP the coolant outlet temperature of the hot subchannel is constantly monitored during the operation. According to the authority requirement the maximum subchannel outlet temperature must not exceed the saturation temperature. Coolant temperature distribution inside the fuel assembly is affected by the efficiency of the coolant mixing. In order to enhance the coolant mixing the fuel manufacturer is introducing the additional mixing vanes on the fuel bundle spacer grids. In the paper the effect of the different mixing vane modifications is studied with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Goal of the modelling is to find vane modifications with which sufficient mixing is reached with acceptable increase in the spacer grid pressure loss. The results of the studies are discussed in the paper. (orig.)

Desenvolvimento sustentável e a sociedade da informação: uma parceria natural?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ariadne C. Furnival

Full Text Available Nci forma de uma revisão da literatura, é examinada a hipótese de que o advento da cliamada "sociedade pós industrial" ou "sociedade da informação" tem dado lugar a um período de atividade socio-econômico que representa uma mudança radical do modo anterior de desenvolvimento. E discutido o consenso de que a dinâmica desta nova forma de sociedade favorece um tipo de desenvolvimento econômico e social ecologicamente mais sustentável, principalmente porque o novo paradigma tem como seu eixo a informação e atividades relacionadas a ela, o que promoveria uma suposta "desmaterialização" da sociedade. A questão das formas com as quais este novo paradigma de desenvolvimento pode, ou não, afetar os chamados "países recém desenvolvidos" é também discutida.

A cross sectional study investigating the association between exposure to food outlets and childhood obesity in Leeds, UK.

Science.gov (United States)

Griffiths, Claire; Frearson, Anna; Taylor, Adam; Radley, Duncan; Cooke, Carlton

2014-12-06

Current UK policy in relation to the influence of the 'food environment' on childhood obesity appears to be driven largely on assumptions or speculations because empirical evidence is lacking and findings from studies are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the number of food outlets and the proximity of food outlets in the same sample of children, without solely focusing on fast food. Cross sectional study over 3 years (n = 13,291 data aggregated). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated for each participant, overweight and obesity were defined as having a BMI >85(th) (sBMI 1.04) and 95(th) (sBMI 1.64) percentiles respectively (UK90 growth charts). Home and school neighbourhoods were defined as circular buffers with a 2 km Euclidean radius, centred on these locations. Commuting routes were calculated using the shortest straight line distance, with a 2 km buffer to capture varying routes. Data on food outlet locations was sourced from Leeds City Council covering the study area and mapped against postcode. Food outlets were categorised into three groups, supermarkets, takeaway and retail. Proximity to the nearest food outlet in the home and school environmental domain was also investigated. Age, gender, ethnicity and deprivation (IDACI) were included as covariates in all models. There is no evidence of an association between the number of food outlets and childhood obesity in any of these environments; Home Q4 vs. Q1 OR = 1.11 (95% CI = 0.95-1.30); School Q4 vs. Q1 OR = 1.00 (95% CI 0.87 - 1.16); commute Q4 vs. Q1 OR = 0.1.00 (95% CI 0.83 - 1.20). Similarly there is no evidence of an association between the proximity to the nearest food outlet and childhood obesity in the home (OR = 0.77 [95% CI = 0.61 - 0.98]) or the school (OR = 1.01 [95% CI 0.84 - 1.23]) environment. This study provides little support for the notion that exposure to food outlets in the home, school and commuting neighbourhoods increase the risk of obesity

[Acid-base imbalance in acute obstructive uropathies].

Science.gov (United States)

Belyĭ, L E

2007-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate impairment of acid-base balance (ABB) in acute obstructive uropathies. Evaluation of acid-base balance was performed by pH, partial carbon dioxide pressure, plasma bicarbonate concentration, buffer bases, basis excess, hydrogen ion concentration. An automatic gas analyzer was used, plasma anion gap was calculated. Characteristic ABB alterations in different acute obstructive uropathies were detected. Acidotic shifts in acute obstruction of the upper urinary tracts and its inflammatory complications were assessed pathophysiologically. A comparative study of pathological acid-base disorders in acute supra- and infravesical obstructive uropathies was performed.

Ureteral valve masquerading as obstructive megaureter

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sushmita Bhatnagar

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Primary obstructed megaureter is a common urological condition in the pediatric age group. It is one of the differentials for congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract that include a myriad of structural anomalies of the urinary tract. The obstructive conditions are usually managed conservatively unless there is deterioration in renal function, repeated urinary tract infection, or any other symptom such as abdominal pain on ipsilateral side and hypertension. Presented here is a case of left lower ureteral valve that was diagnosed as primary obstructed megaureter with pain in abdomen and reduced ipsilateral renal function wherein ureteral valve was detected incidentally intraoperatively. Excision of the valve with end to end uretero-ureteral anastomoses over a D-J stent, without resorting to ureteric reimplantation was successful in relieving the obstruction and hydronephrosis

Interventional therapy for congenital urinary obstruction in children

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qin Zenhui; Huang Sui; Liu Fan; Yang Jinyuan

2005-01-01

Objective: To investigate the interventional therapy in children's congenital urinary obstruction and its efficacy. Methods: Thirty-three children with congenital obstruction of ureteropelvic junction were treated through percutaneous dilation and/or stent placement, and 42 cases with posterior urethral valves were treated through trans-urethra dilation. Results: Thirty-three cases with upper urinary obstruction were improved with symptoms disappeared and stable efficacy on long-term follow-up of 1-7 years. Another 2 cases with the upper urethral obstruction had not been relieved of symptoms and resorted to surgical operation. For patients with posterior urethral valves, the lower urethral obstruction was totally got rid of after interventional therapy with stable efficacy on long-term follow-up of 1-10 years. Conclusions: Interventional therapy is safe , micro-invasive and efficient in treating congenital urinary obstruction with stable efficacy on long-term follow-up. (authors)

Sonographic diagnosis of intestinal obstruction in the dog.

Science.gov (United States)

Manczur, F; Vörös, K; Vrabély, T; Wladár, S; Németh, T; Fenyves, B

1998-01-01

Ultrasonography was performed on 44 dogs to decide whether small bowel obstruction was present. The sonographic criteria for small bowel obstruction were (1) the presence of pendulous movement of the ingesta inside the dilated bowel, (2) observation of invaginated intestines or an ingested intraluminal foreign body, (3) observation of non-uniform peristaltic activity of the dilated intestines, or (4) observation of akinetic intestinal loops together with abdominal fluid accumulation. By using these criteria, obstruction was correctly diagnosed by ultrasonography in 11 of the 13 dogs with mechanical ileus, and obstruction was correctly excluded in 29 of the 31 non-obstructive cases. Thus, the above-mentioned sonographic criteria had 85% sensitivity and positive predictive value, and 94% specificity and negative predictive value. The present study suggests that ultrasonography is a valuable tool for diagnosing small intestinal obstruction in the dog.

Acute intestinal obstruction: an electromyographic study in dogs.

Science.gov (United States)

Summers, R W; Yanda, R; Prihoda, M; Flatt, A

1983-12-01

We have investigated the motility effects of acute experimental canine intestinal obstruction. A 30-min midjejunal obstruction was produced by clamping a Biebl loop or by inflating an intraluminal balloon. Spike bursts from serosal electrodes proximal to the site of obstruction increased markedly, while those from distal electrodes decreased. When the obstruction from an intraluminal Foley catheter was continued for 5.5 h, the inhibition persisted distally but the proximal contractile activity gradually fell to control levels. The reduced proximal activity after prolonged obstruction was largely due to clusters of regular intense spike bursts preceded and followed by lengthening periods of absent motor activity. Similar clustered contractions obliterated the lumen when the passage of barium through a Thiry-Vella loop was monitored fluoroscopically. Significant motility changes occur in intestinal obstruction, but an increased understanding of the mechanisms involved awaits future studies.

Transient Air-Water Flow and Air Demand following an Opening Outlet Gate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

James Yang

2018-01-01

Full Text Available In Sweden, the dam-safety guidelines call for an overhaul of many existing bottom outlets. During the opening of an outlet gate, understanding the transient air-water flow is essential for its safe operation, especially under submerged tailwater conditions. Three-dimensional CFD simulations are undertaken to examine air-water flow behaviors at both free and submerged outflows. The gate, hoisted by wire ropes and powered by AC, opens at a constant speed. A mesh is adapted to follow the gate movement. At the free outflow, the CFD simulations and model tests agree well in terms of outlet discharge capacity. Larger air vents lead to more air supply; the increment becomes, however, limited if the vent area is larger than 10 m2. At the submerged outflow, a hydraulic jump builds up in the conduit when the gate reaches approximately 45% of its full opening. The discharge is affected by the tailwater and slightly by the flow with the hydraulic jump. The flow features strong turbulent mixing of air and water, with build-up and break-up of air pockets and collisions of defragmented water bodies. The air demand rate is several times as much as required by steady-state hydraulic jump with free surface.

Perspectivas da agricultura sustentável no Brasil

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Rosângela Ap. de Medeiros Hespanhol

2008-03-01

-technological development as the only road capable to solve the derived problems of the shortage of foods and the exhaustion of the natural resources; and those that are opposed to this perspective. They propose more maintainable forms, which could be joined under the Alternative Agriculture denomination. It was also tried to discuss the challenges and the perspectives that come in terms of viability terms to discuss and of expansion of the maintainable production systems in environmental and social terms in the agriculture of small scale in Brazil, to example of the organic production.  O processo de incorporação tecnológica ocorrida na agricultura ao longo da história e, mais precisamente, a difusão do pacote da Revolução Verde após a Segunda Guerra Mundial produziu várias implicações sócio-ambientais. Com o agravamento desses problemas em escala mundial e, sobretudo em países como o Brasil, houve a incorporação, ainda limitada, de preocupações ambientais em relação à agricultura. Essa mudança fomentou a discussão e levou à formulação de perspectivas de análise e de intervenção antagônicas e conflitantes entre si, refletindo diferentes interesses e posicionamentos sobre os modelos de desenvolvimento dos países e sobre a própria sustentabilidade. Nesse sentido, procurou-se identificar duas destas perspectivas no Brasil: a que ainda concebe o desenvolvimento científico-tecnológico como a única via capaz de resolver os problemas derivados da escassez de alimentos e do esgotamento dos recursos naturais; e aquelas que se opõem a esta perspectiva e propõem formas mais sustentáveis, que poderiam ser agrupadas sob a denominação de Agricultura Alternativa. Procurou também discutir os desafios e as perspectivas que se apresentam em termos de viabilidade e de expansão dos sistemas de produção sustentáveis em termos ambientais e sociais na agricultura de pequena escala no Brasil, a exemplo da produção orgânica.

Turbofan gas turbine engine with variable fan outlet guide vanes

Science.gov (United States)

Wood, Peter John (Inventor); LaChapelle, Donald George (Inventor); Grant, Carl (Inventor); Zenon, Ruby Lasandra (Inventor); Mielke, Mark Joseph (Inventor)

2010-01-01

A turbofan gas turbine engine includes a forward fan section with a row of fan rotor blades, a core engine, and a fan bypass duct downstream of the forward fan section and radially outwardly of the core engine. The forward fan section has only a single stage of variable fan guide vanes which are variable fan outlet guide vanes downstream of the forward fan rotor blades. An exemplary embodiment of the engine includes an afterburner downstream of the fan bypass duct between the core engine and an exhaust nozzle. The variable fan outlet guide vanes are operable to pivot from a nominal OGV position at take-off to an open OGV position at a high flight Mach Number which may be in a range of between about 2.5-4+. Struts extend radially across a radially inwardly curved portion of a flowpath of the engine between the forward fan section and the core engine.

Efeitos da Expansão da Cana de Açúcar no Sudeste do Mato Grosso do Sul e Possíveis Caminhos para uma Agenda Sustentável

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafael Morais Chiaravalloti

2014-04-01

Full Text Available O programa do Álcool brasileiro é apontado como uma estratégia para o desenvolvimento sustentável, no entanto, seus impactos negativos podem minimizar os seus benefícios. Nos últimos dez anos, a área de cana de açúcar aumentou de 105 mil ha para mais de 700 mil ha no estado do Mato Grasso do Sul, entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre os impactos causados nesta região do Brasil. O objetivo desse trabalho foi fazer uma avaliação dos impactos da cana no sudeste deste estado por meio de entrevistas, análise de relatórios e visitas a campo. A maior proteção de Áreas Legalmente Protegidas e aumento no número de empresas formalmente cadastradas estão entre os fatores positivos encontrados. Quanto aos impactos negativos, sobressaem os conflitos com Territórios Indígenas e problemas relacionados à saúde pública nas cidades envolvidas analisadas. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade do poder público criar e coordenar ações junto aos diversos setores com diretrizes claras focadas no desenvolvimento sustentável.

Nuevas fórmulas para un desarrollo local sustentable. Los Ecomuseos en Apulia (Italia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucrezia Lopez

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Con la Ley Regional del 6 de Julio 2011, el Consejo Regional de la Pulla (Italia fija la institución de los ecomuseos en la misma región. Tal como se recoge, los objetivos son promover y regular los ecomuseos para recuperar y mejorar la memoria histórica, la vida, la cultura tangible e intangible, las relaciones entre el medio ambiente, las tradiciones naturales y artificiales, las actividades y las tradiciones del paisaje y de la región. Se analizan los ecomuseos de la región costera italiana (contenidos de los proyectos, actores, objetivos, actuaciones y herramientas. Se investiga de qué manera están contribuyendo a la promoción del patrimonio cultural y de la dimensión local y social. Se procede reconstruyendo su metodología de trabajo y se avanza un balance de las herramientas y de las modalidades de conocimiento y valorización del patrimonio en relación al desarrollo local y sustentable.

Gastrojejunostomy for gastric outlet obstruction in patients with ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

should not be performed for irresectable gastric cancer at all.6 Newer approaches .... The majority of patients were approaching a terminal state with inability to eat and ... by the disease stage being the determinant (irresectable compared with ...

Primary duodenal tuberculosis presenting as gastric-outlet obstruction

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The most common presentation was vomiting followed by failure to thrive and weight loss; two patients had abdominal pain. Biopsy of mesenteric lymph node was possible in two cases. FNAC from diseases portion was taken in all cases. FNAC showed granulomas in four cases. Cases where even FNAC fi nding was ...

Polyarteritis nodosa presenting as a bladder outlet obstruction ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Histological examination of this demonstrated a medium-sized necrotising vasculitis with small-vessel fibrinoid necrosis suggestive of PAN. At least six of the American College of Rheumatology criteria for PAN were met. The patient was treated with pulses of intravenous cyclophosphamide and oral corticosteroids with a ...

Gastric outlet obstruction in Northwestern Ethiopia | Kotisso | East ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

East and Central African Journal of Surgery. Journal Home · ABOUT THIS JOURNAL · Advanced Search · Current Issue · Archives · Journal Home > Vol 5, No 2 (2000) >. Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads.

Polyarteritis nodosa presenting as a bladder outlet obstruction

African Journals Online (AJOL)

acute-on-chronic renal impairment. All virological and serological tests including hepatitis B and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody were negative. A computed tomography scan of the brain revealed small-vessel disease. A bladder neck mass was visualised on cystoscopy. Histological examination of this demonstrated a ...

The impact of inlet angle and outlet angle of guide vane on pump in reversal based hydraulic turbine performance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shi, F X; Yang, J H; Wang, X H; Zhang, R H; Li, C E

2012-01-01

In this paper, in order to research the impact of inlet angle and outlet angle of guide vane on hydraulic turbine performance, a centrifugal pump in reversal is adopted as turbine. A numerical simulation method is adopted for researching outer performance and flow field of turbine. The results show: inlet angle has a crucial role to turbine, to the same flow, there is a noticeable decline for the efficiency and head of turbine with the inlet angle increases. At the best efficiency point(EFP),to a same inlet angle, when the inlet angle greater than inlet angle, velocity circulation in guide vane outlet decreases, which lead the efficiency of turbine to reduce, Contrarily, the efficiency rises. With the increase of inlet angle and outlet angle, the EFP moves to the big flow area and the uniformity of pressure distribution becomes worse. The paper indicates that the inlet angle and outlet angle have great impact on the turbine performance, and the best combination exists for the inlet angle and outlet angle of the guide vane.

Study on the natural air cooling design of electronic equipment casings: Effects of the height and size of outlet vent on the flow resistances

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishizuka, M; Hatakeyama, T; Kibushi, R; Inoue, M

2012-01-01

This paper describes the effects of the outlet vent size and the distance between the outlet vent location and the power heater position on the flow resistance in natural-air-cooled electronic equipment casings. An experiment was carried out using a simple model casing simulated for the practical natural-air-cooled casing which is composed of 4 side walls, a top plate and bottom plate which has an inlet opening. A power heater to served as a power dissipation unit was placed at its open bottom. An outlet opening was set on one of the side walls. The opening area, the height of the outlet and the heater location were varied. The experimental results were analyzed using the flow resistance coefficient K which was related to the distance between the outlet vent and the power heater position and the heat removal from the outlet vent, and K values were plotted against a pair of Reynolds numbers Re and the outlet vent porosity β which is defined as the ratio of outlet vent open area to the top surface area of the casing.

Morphological measurements in computed tomography correlate with airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and meta-analysis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xie, XueQian; Oudkerk, Matthijs; Vliegenthart, Rozemarijn [University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Medical Imaging-North East Netherlands (CMI-NEN), Department of Radiology, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001, RB, Groningen (Netherlands); Jong, Pim A. de [University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Department of Radiology, Heidelberglaan 100, P.O. Box 85.500, CX, Utrecht (Netherlands); Wang, Ying [Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Tianjin (China); Hacken, Nick H.T. ten [University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001, RB, Groningen (Netherlands); Miao, Jingtao; Zhang, GuiXiang [Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People' s Hospital, Department of Radiology, Shanghai (China); Bock, Geertruida H. de [University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001, RB, Groningen (Netherlands)

2012-10-15

To determine the correlation between CT measurements of emphysema or peripheral airways and airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PubMed, Embase and Web of Knowledge were searched from 1976 to 2011. Two reviewers independently screened 1,763 citations to identify articles that correlated CT measurements to airflow obstruction parameters of the pulmonary function test in COPD patients, rated study quality and extracted information. Three CT measurements were accessed: lung attenuation area percentage < -950 Hounsfield units, mean lung density and airway wall area percentage. Two airflow obstruction parameters were accessed: forced expiratory volume in the first second as percentage from predicted (FEV{sub 1} %pred) and FEV{sub 1} divided by the forced volume vital capacity. Seventy-nine articles (9,559 participants) were included in the systematic review, demonstrating different methodologies, measurements and CT airflow obstruction correlations. There were 15 high-quality articles (2,095 participants) in the meta-analysis. The absolute pooled correlation coefficients ranged from 0.48 (95 % CI, 0.40 to 0.54) to 0.65 (0.58 to 0.71) for inspiratory CT and 0.64 (0.53 to 0.72) to 0.73 (0.63 to 0.80) for expiratory CT. CT measurements of emphysema or peripheral airways are significantly related to airflow obstruction in COPD patients. CT provides a morphological method to investigate airway obstruction in COPD. (orig.)

Imaging of obstructive azoospermia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cornud, F. [Clinique Radiologique, 15 Avenue Robert Schuman, F-75 007 Paris (France)]|[Service de Radiologie, Hopital Necker, 169 rue de Sevres, F-75 015 Paris (France); Belin, X. [Clinique Radiologique, 15 Avenue Robert Schuman, F-75 007 Paris (France)]|[Service de Radiologie, Hopital Necker, 169 rue de Sevres, F-75 015 Paris (France); Delafontaine, D. [Medicine de la Reproduction, 8 rue Jean Richepin, F-75 016 Paris (France); Amar, T. [Uro-Andrologist, 19 Avenue Victor Hugo, F-75016, Paris (France); Helenon, O. [Service de Radiologie, Hopital Necker, 169 rue de Sevres, F-75 015 Paris (France); Moreau, J.F. [Service de Radiologie, Hopital Necker, 169 rue de Sevres, F-75 015 Paris (France)

1997-09-01

Obstructive azoospermia represents approximately 10 % of cases of male hypofertility. It is classified according to the volume of ejaculate. When the latter is normal a proximal obstruction is suspected. Scrotal sonography can help to detect dilation of the epididymal head when clinical findings are equivocal. Ejaculatory duct obstruction (EDO) is suspected when the volume of ejaculate is low. The use of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) plays a major role in the investigation of these patients, and endorectal MRI is a very useful adjunct in selected cases. The most common cause of EDO is congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens, which is now thought to be a genital form of cystic fibrosis in 80 % of cases. Consequently, a definitive diagnosis must be made before any attempt at in vitro fertilization. TRUS accurately visualizes abnormalities of the caudal junction of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles, yielding a definitive diagnosis without scrototomy. Other causes of EDO are congenital cysts compressing the distal part of the ejaculatory ducts and inflammatory distal stenosis. The former are accurately identified by TRUS, but the latter give more or less marked signs of obstruction which are only of value in azoospermic patients with a low-volume ejaculate. More invasive imaging is required to diagnose partial obstruction of the ED. Surgical vasography is still the reference, but puncture of the seminal vesicles under TRUS guidance is an attractive alternative, as it permits aspiration of seminal fluid (to seek motile sperm) and vasography without scrototomy. Lastly, endorectal MRI well assesses the relationships between the proximal prostatic urethra and the posterior wall of the ejaculatory ducts, which need to be precisely known when endoscopic resection of the ejaculatory ducts is planned. (orig.). With 9 figs.

Imaging of obstructive azoospermia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cornud, F.; Belin, X.; Delafontaine, D.; Amar, T.; Helenon, O.; Moreau, J.F.

1997-01-01

Obstructive azoospermia represents approximately 10 % of cases of male hypofertility. It is classified according to the volume of ejaculate. When the latter is normal a proximal obstruction is suspected. Scrotal sonography can help to detect dilation of the epididymal head when clinical findings are equivocal. Ejaculatory duct obstruction (EDO) is suspected when the volume of ejaculate is low. The use of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) plays a major role in the investigation of these patients, and endorectal MRI is a very useful adjunct in selected cases. The most common cause of EDO is congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens, which is now thought to be a genital form of cystic fibrosis in 80 % of cases. Consequently, a definitive diagnosis must be made before any attempt at in vitro fertilization. TRUS accurately visualizes abnormalities of the caudal junction of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles, yielding a definitive diagnosis without scrototomy. Other causes of EDO are congenital cysts compressing the distal part of the ejaculatory ducts and inflammatory distal stenosis. The former are accurately identified by TRUS, but the latter give more or less marked signs of obstruction which are only of value in azoospermic patients with a low-volume ejaculate. More invasive imaging is required to diagnose partial obstruction of the ED. Surgical vasography is still the reference, but puncture of the seminal vesicles under TRUS guidance is an attractive alternative, as it permits aspiration of seminal fluid (to seek motile sperm) and vasography without scrototomy. Lastly, endorectal MRI well assesses the relationships between the proximal prostatic urethra and the posterior wall of the ejaculatory ducts, which need to be precisely known when endoscopic resection of the ejaculatory ducts is planned. (orig.). With 9 figs

Small Bowel Obstruction due to Intestinal Xanthomatosis

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L. E. Barrera-Herrera

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Vast majority of bowel obstruction is due to postoperative adhesions, malignancy, intestinal inflammatory disease, and hernias; however, knowledge of other uncommon causes is critical to establish a prompt treatment and decrease mortality. Xanthomatosis is produced by accumulation of cholesterol-rich foamy macrophages. Intestinal xanthomatosis is an uncommon nonneoplastic lesion that may cause small bowel obstruction and several cases have been reported in the English literature as obstruction in the jejunum. We report a case of small intestinal xanthomatosis occurring in a 51-year-old female who presented with one day of copious vomiting and intermittent abdominal pain. Radiologic images revealed jejunal loop thickening and inflammatory changes suggestive of foreign body obstruction, diagnostic laparoscopy found two strictures at the jejunum, and a pathologic examination confirmed a segmental small bowel xanthomatosis. This case illustrates that obstruction even without predisposing factors such as hyperlipidemia or lymphoproliferative disorders.

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ali, M.; Usman, M.; Khan, Z.; Khan, K.M.; Hussain, R.; Khanzada, K.

2013-01-01

To determine the success rate of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for treating obstructive hydrocephalus. Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Place and Duration of Study: The Neurosurgery Department of PGMI, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from May 2010 to November 2011. Methodology: Patients with obstructive hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis, tectal and non-tectal tumour and already shunted patients for obstructive hydrocephalus presented with blocked shunt were included in the study. Patients with congenital hydrocephalus and secondary to meningitis were excluded. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy was performed. Success, complications and mortality was noted. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS software version 17. Results: There were 155 patients including 72 males and 83 females with ratio of 1: 1.33. Success rate was 71%. Indication of surgery was obstructive hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis, posterior fossa tumour, brain stem and CP angle tumour. Complications were seen in 18 patients including mortality in 3 patients. Conclusion: ETV is effective, safe and successful procedure in patients with obstructive hydrocephalus. It may be used as replacement procedure of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt as initial line of management in selected patients. (author)

Report of an adult with double-outlet right ventricle

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Munera E, Ana G; Florez C, Marina; Delgado de B, Jorge A and others

2001-01-01

The case of a 22 -year- old woman with a diagnosis of congenital heart disease, N Y H A class I, who complaints palpitations. By echocardiography, angiography and magnetic resonance imaging a diagnosis of double-outlet right ventricle was done. She was intervened for correction, creating an interventricular tunnel connecting the left ventricle to the aorta through the ventricular septal defect

Albanian and UK Consumers’ Perceptions of Farmers’ Markets and Supermarkets as Outlets for Organic Food: An Exploratory Study

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Athina-Evera Qendro

2015-05-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this paper is to elicit UK and Albanian consumers’ perceptions of food outlets in order to understand their views on supermarkets and farmers’ markets as outlets for organic food. A qualitative research methodology was chosen as the best way to get an in-depth understanding of how consumers of these two different countries understand and evaluate buying organic food from two different food outlets. This exploratory research is a first step to find out how and why organic food is being bought in supermarkets and farmers’ markets. The results show that respondents associated organic with vegetables and fruit, that taste good, are healthy, and are free of pesticides and hormones. The importance of motives varies between the outlets they prefer for buying organic food. An interesting finding is the fact that Albanian respondents refer to the farmers’ markets as the villagers’ market.

Desenvolvimento sustentável, consumo e cidadania: um estudo sobre a (desarticulação da comunicação de organizações da sociedade civil, do estado e das empresas.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniela Viegas da Costa

2011-06-01

Full Text Available O consumo, na contemporaneidade, cumpre diferentes funções e implica múltiplas referências como construção social, porém, nos padrões atuais, é insustentável, tanto na perspectiva ambiental quanto da construção de direitos e da cidadania. Para compreender os desafios da construção de ações e políticas capazes de renovar as práticas de consumo, problematizam-se neste artigo as respostas aos dilemas do consumo construídas por atores da sociedade civil, do Estado e do mercado. O consumo sustentável se configuraria como uma das possibilidades de tratamento dos impactos do consumismo, pois envolve mudanças de atitude aliadas à necessidade de transformação do sistema das atitudes e dos valores dos cidadãos. Apesar de ainda não se observar a predominância de um novo modelo civilizatório capaz de superar os dilemas da sociedade do consumo, existem alternativas para promover a sustentabilidade. Esse esforço sugeriria a construção de articulações entre diferentes grupos, quer seja do governo, quer da sociedade civil, quer do mercado, para atender às demandas da população e adotar boas práticas de produção e consumo sustentáveis, por meio da ação política e do exercício da cidadania. Na pesquisa empírica, de abordagem qualitativa, com entrevistas em profundidade e análise descritiva, percebeu-se que a comunicação para a construção de discursos e práticas politicamente corretos para o consumo, por parte dos atores pesquisados, para torná-lo sustentável, nem sempre abarca a complexa relação que envolve o meio ambiente nas esferas pública e organizacional. Muito presente nos textos de relatórios empresariais, o desenvolvimento sustentável não é percebido na prática organizacional cotidiana. Nesse contexto, descortinam-se diferentes dramas e tramas da cidadania socioambiental que podem dar novo sentido às lutas ambientais no campo do consumo, bem como encobrir as armadilhas de um discurso

Intestinal Obstruction

Science.gov (United States)

... Colostomy ) is required to relieve an obstruction. Understanding Colostomy In a colostomy, the large intestine (colon) is cut. The part ... 1 What Causes Intestinal Strangulation? Figure 2 Understanding Colostomy Gastrointestinal Emergencies Overview of Gastrointestinal Emergencies Abdominal Abscesses ...

Morphological measurements in computed tomography correlate with airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and meta-analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xie, XueQian; Oudkerk, Matthijs; Vliegenthart, Rozemarijn; Jong, Pim A. de; Wang, Ying; Hacken, Nick H.T. ten; Miao, Jingtao; Zhang, GuiXiang; Bock, Geertruida H. de

2012-01-01

To determine the correlation between CT measurements of emphysema or peripheral airways and airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PubMed, Embase and Web of Knowledge were searched from 1976 to 2011. Two reviewers independently screened 1,763 citations to identify articles that correlated CT measurements to airflow obstruction parameters of the pulmonary function test in COPD patients, rated study quality and extracted information. Three CT measurements were accessed: lung attenuation area percentage 1 %pred) and FEV 1 divided by the forced volume vital capacity. Seventy-nine articles (9,559 participants) were included in the systematic review, demonstrating different methodologies, measurements and CT airflow obstruction correlations. There were 15 high-quality articles (2,095 participants) in the meta-analysis. The absolute pooled correlation coefficients ranged from 0.48 (95 % CI, 0.40 to 0.54) to 0.65 (0.58 to 0.71) for inspiratory CT and 0.64 (0.53 to 0.72) to 0.73 (0.63 to 0.80) for expiratory CT. CT measurements of emphysema or peripheral airways are significantly related to airflow obstruction in COPD patients. CT provides a morphological method to investigate airway obstruction in COPD. (orig.)

Vendor-to-vendor education to improve malaria treatment by private drug outlets in Bungoma District, Kenya

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Makama Sammy

2003-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Private outlets are the main suppliers of uncomplicated malaria treatment in Africa. However, they are so numerous that they are difficult for governments to influence and regulate. This study's objective was to evaluate a low-cost outreach education (vendor-to-vendor programme to improve the private sector's compliance with malaria guidelines in Bungoma district, Kenya. The cornerstone of the programme was the district's training of 73 wholesalers who were equipped with customized job aids for distribution to small retailers. Methods Six months after training the wholesalers, the programme was evaluated using mystery shoppers. The shoppers posed as caretakers of sick children needing medication at 252 drug outlets. Afterwards, supervisors assessed the outlets' knowledge, drug stocks, and prices. Results The intervention seems to have had a significant impact on stocking patterns, malaria knowledge and prescribing practices of shops/kiosks, but not consistently on other types of outlets. About 32% of shops receiving job aids prescribed to mystery shoppers the approved first-line drug, sulfadoxine-pyremethamine, as compared to only 3% of the control shops. In the first six months, it is estimated that 500 outlets were reached, at a cost of about $8000. Conclusions Changing private sector knowledge and practices is widely acknowledged to be slow and difficult. The vendor-to-vendor programme seems a feasible district-level strategy for achieving significant improvements in knowledge and practices of shops/kiosks. However, alternate strategies will be needed to influence pharmacies and clinics. Overall, the impact will be only moderate unless national policies and programmes are also introduced.