Multiple double cross-section transmission electron microscope sample preparation of specific sub-10 nm diameter Si nanowire devices.

Science.gov (United States)

Gignac, Lynne M; Mittal, Surbhi; Bangsaruntip, Sarunya; Cohen, Guy M; Sleight, Jeffrey W

2011-12-01

The ability to prepare multiple cross-section transmission electron microscope (XTEM) samples from one XTEM sample of specific sub-10 nm features was demonstrated. Sub-10 nm diameter Si nanowire (NW) devices were initially cross-sectioned using a dual-beam focused ion beam system in a direction running parallel to the device channel. From this XTEM sample, both low- and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) images were obtained from six separate, specific site Si NW devices. The XTEM sample was then re-sectioned in four separate locations in a direction perpendicular to the device channel: 90° from the original XTEM sample direction. Three of the four XTEM samples were successfully sectioned in the gate region of the device. From these three samples, low- and high-resolution TEM images of the Si NW were taken and measurements of the NW diameters were obtained. This technique demonstrated the ability to obtain high-resolution TEM images in directions 90° from one another of multiple, specific sub-10 nm features that were spaced 1.1 μm apart.

Transient and modulated charge separation at CuInSe{sub 2}/C{sub 60} and CuInSe{sub 2}/ZnPc hybrid interfaces

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morzé, Natascha von, E-mail: natascha.von_morze@helmholtz-berlin.de; Dittrich, Thomas, E-mail: dittrich@helmholtz-berlin.de; Calvet, Wolfram, E-mail: wolfram.calvet@helmholtz-berlin.de; Lauermann, Iver, E-mail: iver.lauermann@helmholtz-berlin.de; Rusu, Marin, E-mail: rusu@helmholtz-berlin.de

2017-02-28

Highlights: • Surface physical properties of non- and Na-treated CuInSe{sub 2} layers studied. • Evidence of exciton dissociation and charge separation at CuInSe{sub 2}/ZnPc interface. • Strong band bending at the CuInSe{sub 2} surface in contact with C{sub 60} observed. • No evidence for exciton dissociation at the CuInSe{sub 2}/C{sub 60} interface found. • Cu-poor phase at CuInSe{sub 2}/organic interface crucial for charge separation. - Abstract: Spectral dependent charge transfer and exciton dissociation have been investigated at hybrid interfaces between inorganic polycrystalline CuInSe{sub 2} (untreated and Na-conditioned) thin films and organic C{sub 60} as well as zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) layers by transient and modulated surface photovoltage measurements. The stoichiometry and electronic properties of the bare CuInSe{sub 2} surface were characterized by photoelectron spectroscopy which revealed a Cu-poor phase with n-type features. After the deposition of the C{sub 60} layer, a strong band bending at the CuInSe{sub 2} surface was observed. Evidence for dissociation of excitons followed by charge separation was found at the CuInSe{sub 2}/ZnPc interface. The Cu-poor layer at the CuInSe{sub 2} surface was found to be crucial for transient and modulated charge separation at CuInSe{sub 2}/organic hybrid interfaces.

Dynamics of the lattice and spins in the phase-separated manganite (Eu{sub 1−x}Gd{sub x}){sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0.4}MnO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Taniguchi, Haruka, E-mail: tanig@iwate-u.ac.jp [Department of Physical Science and Materials Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8551 (Japan); Kimura, Daichi; Matsukawa, Michiaki; Inomata, Tasuku; Kobayashi, Satoru [Department of Physical Science and Materials Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8551 (Japan); Nimori, Shigeki [National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047 (Japan); Suryanarayanan, Ramanathaan [Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l’Etat Solide, CNRS, UMR8182, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay (France)

2017-06-15

We investigated slow relaxations of the magnetostriction and residual magnetostriction of the phase-separated system (Eu{sub 1−x}Gd{sub x}){sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0.4}MnO{sub 3}, in which the metamagnetic transition from a paramagnetic insulating state to a ferromagnetic metallic state is accompanied by a lattice shrinkage. The relaxations are well fitted by a stretched exponential function, suggesting the strong frustration between the double exchange interaction and Jahn-Teller effect. We have revealed that the Gd substitution suppresses the frozen phase-separated phase at low temperatures and stabilizes the paramagnetic insulating state in the dynamic phase-separated phase at intermediate temperatures. The former origin would be the randomness effect and the latter would be the suppression of the double exchange interaction.

Anion- or Cation-Exchange Membranes for NaBH<sub>4sub>/H>2sub>O>2 sub>Fuel Cells?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

César A. C. Sequeira

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFC, which operate on sodium borohydride (NaBH<sub>4sub> as the fuel, and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2sub>O>2sub> as the oxidant, are receiving increasing attention. This is due to their promising use as power sources for space and underwater applications, where air is not available and gas storage poses obvious problems. One key factor to improve the performance of DBFCs concerns the type of separator used. Both anion- and cation-exchange membranes may be considered as potential separators for DBFC. In the present paper, the effect of the membrane type on the performance of laboratory NaBH<sub>4sub>/H>2sub>O>2sub> fuel cells using Pt electrodes is studied at room temperature. Two commercial ion-exchange membranes from Membranes International Inc., an anion-exchange membrane (AMI-7001S and a cation-exchange membrane (CMI-7000S, are tested as ionic separators for the DBFC. The membranes are compared directly by the observation and analysis of the corresponding DBFC’s performance. Cell polarization, power density, stability, and durability tests are used in the membranes’ evaluation. Energy densities and specific capacities are estimated. Most tests conducted, clearly indicate a superior performance of the cation-exchange membranes over the anion-exchange membrane. The two membranes are also compared with several other previously tested commercial membranes. For long term cell operation, these membranes seem to outperform the stability of the benchmark Nafion membranes but further studies are still required to improve their instantaneous power load.

Synthesis of metal-adeninate frameworks with high separation capacity on C{sub 2}/C{sub 1} hydrocarbons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

He, Yan-Ping, E-mail: hyp041@163.com [State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 (China); Zhou, Nan [State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 (China); Hunan GuangYi Experimental Middle School, Changsha, Hunan 410014 (China); Tan, Yan-Xi; Wang, Fei; Zhang, Jian [State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 (China)

2016-06-15

By introducing isophthalic acid or 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid to assemble with adenine and cadmium salt, two isostructural and anionic porous metal-organic frameworks (1 and 2) possessing the novel (4,8)-connected sqc topology are presented here. 1 shows permanent porosity with Langmuir surface area of 770.1 m{sup 2}/g and exhibits high separation capacity on C{sub 2}/C{sub 1} hydrocarbons. - Graphical abstract: The assembly between isophthalic acid, adenine ligands and Cd{sup 2+} ions leads to an anionic porous metal-organic frameworks, which shows permanent porosity and exhibits high C{sub 2}/C{sub 1} hydrocarbons separation capacity. Display Omitted.

Production, separation and target preparation of {sup 171}Tm and {sup 147}Pm for neutron cross section measurements

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heinitz, Stephan; Maugeri, Emilio A.; Schumann, Dorothea; Dressler, Rugard; Kivel, Niko [Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen (Switzerland); Guerrero, Carlos [Sevilla Univ. (Spain); Koester, Ullrich [Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble (France); Tessler, Moshe; Paul, Michael [Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel); Halfon, Shlomi [Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Yavne (Israel); Collaboration: nTOF Collaboration

2017-07-01

The knowledge of the neutron capture cross sections of s-process branching point isotopes represents a basic requirement for the understanding of star evolution. Since such branching point isotopes are by definition radioactive, the measurement of their cross sections from thermal to stellar energies becomes a challenging task. Considerable amounts of material have to be produced, representing a significant radioactive hazard. We report here on the production and separation of 3.5 mg {sup 171}Tm from 240 mg {sup 170}Er{sub 2}O{sub 3} and 72 μg {sup 147}Pm from 100 mg {sup 146}Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3} irradiated at the ILL high flux reactor. Thin targets were prepared with high chemical and radioisotopic purity suitable for neutron capture measurements at nTOF CERN and the SARAF-LiLiT facility.

NH{sub 3} decomposition and simultaneous H{sub 2} separation with a commercial Pd-Cu-Ag/V membrane

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Skodras, G.; Sakelleropoulos, G. [Centre for Research and Technology, Hellas, Ptolemaidas-Kozanis, Ptolemaida (Greece). Inst. for Solid Fuel Technolgy and Applications]|[Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (Greece). Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Process Engineering Lab]|[Centre for Research and Technology, Hellas, Thermis, Thessaloniki (Greece). Chemical Process Research Inst.; Kaldis, S. [Centre for Research and Technology, Hellas, Thermis, Thessaloniki (Greece). Chemical Process Research Inst.; Topis, S. [Centre for Research and Technology, Hellas, Ptolemaidas-Kozanis, Ptolemaida (Greece). Inst. for Solid Fuel Technolgy and Applications]|[Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (Greece). Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Process Engineering Lab; Koutsonikolas, D. [Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (Greece). Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Process Engineering Lab; Grammelis, P. [Centre for Research and Technology, Hellas, Ptolemaidas-Kozanis, Ptolemaida (Greece). Inst. for Solid Fuel Technolgy and Applications

2006-07-01

The potential for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology to emerge as an efficient and environmentally clean technology for power generation from coal gas was discussed. Ammonia (NH{sub 3}) is formed during gasification of coal. The concentration in coal gas depends on temperature, pressure, residence time and coal rank. In the gas turbine as much as 50 per cent of the NH{sub 3} in the fuel gas can be converted to NOx when the gas is combusted to produce power. A catalyst is required to bring NH{sub 3} levels down to acceptable levels for a gas turbine. This study examined the simultaneous ammonia (NH{sub 3}) decomposition and hydrogen (H{sub 2}) separation via a commercial Pd-Cu-Ag/V catalytic membrane reactor with 100 per cent H{sub 2} selectivity. A 16 per cent Ni/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst was prepared and 88 per cent NH{sub 3} conversion was achieved with 20 per cent H{sub 2} in the feed stream. Increase of temperature and prolongation of residence time resulted in higher conversions. However, pressure increase lowered the decomposition due to the high H{sub 2} partial pressure. In order to develop kinetic equations, experiments at differential conversions were also performed. H{sub 2} diffusion was found to be the rate limiting step of H{sub 2} transport through the membrane. As such, H{sub 2} permeance increased exponentially with temperature. Mathematical model were then developed to describe the operation of the catalytic membrane reactor and to compare its performance with the conventional reactor. It was concluded that the conversion of NH{sub 3} can be increased significantly using the Pd-Cu-Ag/V membrane. 14 refs., 3 tabs., 7 figs.

CO{sub 2} Capture by Sub-ambient Membrane Operation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kulkarni, S.; Hasse, D.; Sanders, E.; Chaubey, T.

2012-11-30

The main objective of the project was to develop a CO{sub 2} capture process based on sub-ambient temperature operation of a hollow fiber membrane. The program aims to reach the eventual DOE program goal of > 90% CO{sub 2} capture from existing PC fired power plants with < 35% increase in the cost of electricity. The project involves closed-loop testing of commercial fiber bundles under simulated process conditions to test the mechanical integrity and operability of membrane module structural component under sub ambient temperature. A commercial MEDAL 12” bundle exhibited excellent mechanical integrity for 2 months. However, selectivity was ~25% lower than expected at sub-ambient conditions. This could be attributed to a small feed to permeate leak or bundle non-ideality. To investigate further, and due to compressor flow limitations, the 12” bundle was replaced with a 6” bundle to conduct tests with lower permeate/feed ratios, as originally planned. The commercial 6” bundle was used for both parametric testing as well as long-term stability testing at sub-ambient conditions. Parametric studies were carried out both near the start and end of the long-term test. The parametric studies characterized membrane performance over a broad range of feed conditions: temperature (-25°C to -45°C), pressure (160 psig to 200 psig), and CO{sub 2} feed concentration (18% to 12%). Performance of the membrane bundle was markedly better at lower temperature (-45ºC), higher pressure (200 psig) and higher CO{sub 2} feed concentration (18%). The long-term test was conducted at these experimentally determined “optimum” feed conditions. Membrane performance was stable over 8 months at sub-ambient temperature operation. The experimentally measured high performance of the membrane bundle at sub-ambient operating conditions provides justification for interest in sub-ambient membrane processing of flue gas. In a parallel activity, the impact of contaminants (100 ppm SOx and NOx

Analysis of CO{sub 2} separation by means of monoethanolamine wash as an option for reducing the emissions in Germany; Analyse der CO{sub 2}-Abtrennung mittels Monoethanolamin-Waesche als Emissionsminderungsmassnahme in Deutschland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nazarko, Jewgeni; Riensche, Ernst; Blum, Ludger; Menzer, Reinhard; Stolten, Detlef [Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Juelich (DE). Inst. fuer Energieforschung - Brennstoffzellen (IEF-3)

2008-07-01

In the year 2006, the utilization of fossil fuels in the power economy in Germany results in CO{sub 2} emissions of 366 million tons. This corresponds to 43.4 % of the entire CO{sub 2} emissions in Germany. In order to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide at fossil-fuelled power stations significantly, short term retrofits of the plants are to be considered for the separation and storage of CO{sub 2}. From the perspective of the power production, the downstream absorption of CO{sub 2} with monoethanolamine has several advantages: (a) Successful employment of the amine-wash in other industrial's applications; (b) Conventional operation of the power station qualitatively remains unchanged; (c) The downstream separation is the only option for the separation of CO{sub 2} at existing power stations. However, the separation of carbon dioxide results in further material flows and energy flows by means of the absorption in monoethanolamine. In the contribution under consideration, the authors analyze the effects of the absorption of CO{sub 2} in mono ethanol amine on an individual power station as well as on the emissions of the power economy in Germany.

Absolute charge-changing cross sections for fast helium ions-C sub 6 sub 0 collisions

CERN Document Server

Nose, K; Shiraishi, K; Keizaki, T; Itoh, A

2003-01-01

Absolute charge-changing cross sections for fast helium ions passing through a C sub 6 sub 0 gas target have been measured. The measurements were carried out for incident projectile energies at 1.0MeV and 1.5MeV. The measured cross sections are compared with calculated values from Bohr-Lindhard model and Bohr model. In addition, we have obtained equilibrium charge state fractions and average equilibrium charge of helium ions passing through C sub 6 sub 0 , by using the measured cross sections.

Lanthanide-activated Na{sub 5}Gd{sub 9}F{sub 32} nanocrystals precipitated from a borosilicate glass: Phase-separation-controlled crystallization and optical property

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Daqin, E-mail: dqchen@hdu.edu.cn [College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018 (China); Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, CAS, Fuzhou 350002 (China); Wan, Zhongyi; Zhou, Yang [College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018 (China); Chen, Yan, E-mail: chenyan@hdu.edu.cn [College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018 (China); Yu, Hua; Lu, Hongwei; Ji, Zhenguo [College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018 (China); Huang, Ping, E-mail: phuang@fjirsm.ac.cn [Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, CAS, Fuzhou 350002 (China)

2015-03-15

Highlights: • Na{sub 5}Gd{sub 9}F{sub 32} nanocrystals embedded glass ceramics were fabricated for the first time. • Such glass ceramics were achieved by phase-separation-controlled crystallization. • Elemental mapping evidenced the segregation of activators into the Na{sub 5}Gd{sub 9}F{sub 32} lattice. • Luminescent color could be tuned by controlling glass crystallization temperature. - Abstract: Lanthanide-activated cubic Na{sub 5}Gd{sub 9}F{sub 32} nanocrystals were precipitated from a borosilicate glass with a specifically designed composition. The precursor glass is already phase-separated after melt-quenching, which is beneficial to the realization of the controllable glass crystallization for affording desirable size, morphology and activator partition. Elemental mapping in the scanning transmission electron microscopy evidenced that the segregation of lanthanide ions into the Na{sub 5}Gd{sub 9}F{sub 32} lattice was in situ formed without the requirement of long-range ionic diffusion. Impressively, such fabricated glass ceramic co-doped with Yb{sup 3+}/Er{sup 3+} ions exhibited intense upconversion luminescence, which was about 500 times higher than that of the precursor glass, and its luminescent color could be easily tuned from red to green by controlling glass crystallization temperature. It is anticipated that such phase-separation synthesis strategy with precise control over nanostructure of glass ceramics offer a great opportunity to design other highly transparent nanocomposites with a wide range of tunable optical properties.

Separation of Selenite from Inorganic Selenium Ions using TiO{sub 2} Magnetic Nanoparticles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Jongmin; Lim, H. B. [Donkook Univ., Yongin (Korea, Republic of)

2013-11-15

A simple and quick separation technique for selenite in natural water was developed using TiO{sub 2} SiO{sub 2}/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles. For the synthesis of nanoparticles, a polymer-assisted sol-gel method using hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) was developed to control particle dispersion in the synthetic procedure. In addition, titanium butoxide (TBT) precursor, instead of the typical titanium tetra isopropoxide, was used for the formation of the TiO{sub 2} shell. The synthesized nanoparticles were used to separate selenite (Se{sup 4+}) in the presence of Se{sup 6+} or selenium anions for the photocatalytic reduction to Se{sup 0} atom on the TiO{sub 2} shell, followed by magnetic separation using Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles. The reduction efficiency of the photocatalytic reaction was 81.4% at a UV power of 6W for 3 h with a dark adsorption of 17.5% to the nanoparticles, as determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The developed separation method can be used for the speciation and preconcentration of selenium cations in environmental and biological analysis.

Electronic phase separation in the rare-earth manganates (La sub 1 sub - sub x Ln sub x) sub 0 sub . sub 7 Ca sub 0 sub . sub 3 MnO sub 3 (Ln = Nd, Gd and Y)

CERN Document Server

Sudheendra, L

2003-01-01

Electron transport and magnetic properties of three series of manganates of the formula (La sub 1 sub - sub x Ln sub x) sub 0 sub . sub 7 Ca sub 0 sub . sub 3 MnO sub 3 with Ln = Nd, Gd and Y, wherein only the average A-site cation radius (r sub A ) and associated disorder vary, without affecting the Mn sup 4 sup + /Mn sup 3 sup + ratio, have been investigated in an effort to understand the nature of phase separation. All three series of manganates show saturation magnetization characteristic of ferromagnetism, with the ferromagnetic T sub c decreasing with increasing x up to a critical value of x, x sub c (x sub c = 0.6, 0.3, 0.2 respectively for Nd, Gd, Y). For x > x sub c , the magnetic moments are considerably smaller, showing a small increase around T sub M , the value of T sub M decreasing slightly with increase in x or decrease in (r sub A ). The ferromagnetic compositions (x x sub c are insulating. The magnetic and electrical resistivity behaviour of these manganates is consistent with the occurrence...

Silicon isotope separation utilizing infrared multiphoton dissociation of Si{sub 2}F{sub 6} irradiated with two-color CO{sub 2} laser light

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yokoyama, Atsushi; Ohba, Hironori; Hashimoto, Masashi [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan). Tokai Research Establishment; Ishii, Takeshi; Ohya, Akio [Nuclear Development Corp., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan); Arai, Shigeyoshi [Hill Research Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

2002-08-01

Silicon isotope separation has been done by utilizing the Infrared Multiphoton Dissociation (IRMPD) of Si{sub 2}F{sub 6} irradiated with two-color CO{sub 2} laser lights. The two-color excitation method improved the separation efficiency keeping the high enrichment factors. For example, 99.74% of {sup 28}Si was obtained at 49.63% dissociation of Si{sub 2}F{sub 6} after the simultaneous irradiation of 200 pulses with 966.23 cm{sup -1} photons (0.084 J/cm{sup 2}) and 954.55 cm{sup -1} photons (0.658 J/cm{sup 2}), while 2000 pulses were needed to obtain 99.35% of {sup 28}Si at 35.6% dissociation in the case of only one-color irradiation at 954.55 cm{sup -1} (0.97 J/cm{sup 2}). (author)

Study of crystallization kinetics and structural relaxation behavior in phase separated Ag{sub 33}Ge{sub 17}Se{sub 50} glassy alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kumar, Praveen, E-mail: prafiziks@gmail.com [Semiconductors Laboratory, Department of Physics, GND University, Amritsar 143005 (India); Nanotechnology Research Centre, DAV Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kabir Nagar, Jalandhar 144008 (India); Yannopoulos, S.N. [Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes (FORTH/ICE-HT), P.O. Box 1414, GR-26 504, Rio-Patras (Greece); Sathiaraj, T.S. [Department of Physics, University of Botswana, Gaborone (Botswana); Thangaraj, R., E-mail: rthangaraj@rediffmail.com [Semiconductors Laboratory, Department of Physics, GND University, Amritsar 143005 (India)

2012-07-16

We report on the crystallization processes and structure (crystal phases) of Ag{sub 33}Ge{sub 17}Se{sub 50} glassy alloy using differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction techniques, respectively. The devitrification that gives rise to the first exothermic peak results in the crystallization of Ag{sub 2}Se and Ag{sub 8}GeSe{sub 6} phases, while the growth of GeSe{sub 2} accompanied by the transformation of Ag{sub 8}GeSe{sub 6} to Ag{sub 2}Se phase occurs during the second crystallization process. Different theoretical models are used to elucidate various kinetic parameters for the crystallization transformation process in this phase separated system. With annealing below the glass transition temperature, an inverse behavior between the variation of the optical gap and the band tailing parameter is observed for the thermally evaporated films. These results are explained as the mixing of different clusters/species in the amorphous state and/or changes caused by structural relaxation of the glassy network for the thermally evaporated films. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Phase separation in Ag{sub 33}Ge{sub 17}Se{sub 50} glassy alloy bordering two glass forming regions. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Transformation of Ag{sub 8}GeSe{sub 6} {yields} Ag{sub 2}Se along with crystallization GeSe{sub 2} phase. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Elucidation of various kinetic parameters for the crystalline transformation. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Structural relaxation in thermally evaporated films by optical spectroscopy.

Multiple superconducting transition and phase separation in melt-textured YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7−d}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Menegotto Costa, R. [Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS (Brazil); Dias, F.T. [Instituto de Física e Matemática, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS (Brazil); Pureur, P., E-mail: ppureur@if.ufrgs.br [Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Caixa Postal 15051, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil); Obradors, X. [Institut de Ciéncia de Materials de Barcelona, CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Spain)

2013-12-15

Highlights: •We report on experimental measurements of the temperature derivative of the resistivity in the region encompassing the superconducting transition in melt-textured samples of the YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7−d} cuprate superconductor. •A complex and subtle multi-peak structure is observed in d{ρ}/dT. •We develop a new method to quantitatively describe the resistive transition of a multi-phased superconductor. •The pseudo-spectral structure observed in d{ρ}/dT is ascribed to a phase separation phenomenon driven by the ordering of labile oxygen atoms in the Cu–O chain substructure. -- Abstract: We report on careful measurements of the temperature derivative of the resistivity, dρ/dT, in the region encompassing the superconducting transition of melt-textured samples of the YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7−d} cuprate superconductor. Measurements were carried out in orientations parallel and perpendicular to the Cu − O{sub 2} atomic planes in the presence of small magnetic fields applied parallel to the current orientation. The dρ/dT results reveal the occurrence of complex multi-peak structures that were analyzed with a new method based on the assumption that a simple series association of conductivities is adequate for describing the resistive transition of multiphased superconductors. We ascribe the multi-peak structure observed in the derivative measurements to a subtle and complex phase separation phenomenon leading to the stabilization of domains having slightly different electronic properties that are related to the ordering of labile oxygen atoms in the YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7−d} chain sub-structure.

CO{sub 2} separation by calcium looping from full and partial fuel oxidation processes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sivalingam, Senthoorselvan

2013-06-05

. ASPEN Plus power plant simulations integrating the CaL based CO{sub 2} capture processes were performed and compared with other important competing CO{sub 2} capture technologies. The efficiency penalties for CaL looping are less than that of the Amine based process, oxyfuel process and IGCC. Sorbent reactivity studies were the main focus of this work. A wide range of sorbent samples have been studied in several experimental setups. Sorbents decay coefficients and the carbonation and calcination reaction rate coefficients were determined and compared for each of the samples. Experiments have been performed to identify the CaL process parameters that influence the sorbent deactivation. For a given sorbent with a particular number of carbonation and calcination reactions(CCR) cycles, it was found that the calcination temperature is the parameter that directly affects the reactivity. Moreover, the higher the calcination temperature the higher is the sorbent decay. In an effort to minimise the sorbent decay, a calciner design was proposed to lower the calciner temperature. A parametric study has been carried out at a semi pilot scale dual fluidised bed(DFB) CaL test facility that belongs to the Institut fuer Feuerungs- und Kraftwerkstechnik(IFK), at the Universitaet Stuttgart. A crucial parameter which defines the CO{sub 2} capture efficiency of a particular CaL reactor system was determined by analysing the sorbent samples in a Thermogravimetric Analyser(TGA), collected at steady state operation. A specific TGA experimental procedure was applied for this parametric study. In a separate study, reactivities of DFB samples and fresh ones were analysed in a TGA and compared. A successful method has been tested to substantially restore the lost CO{sub 2} capture capacity of spent sorbents from this test facility. Based on the experimental results, a partial hydration of sorbent stream was proposed to sustain the reactivity of the carbonator. Further TGA studies on simultaneous

OPERATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE TRAIN TRAFFIC VOLUME ON THE SECTIONS OF RAILWAY OPERATING DOMAIN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. Ya. Моzolevich

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Purpose. The task of the operational distribution of train traffic volume on the sections of operating domain is the optimization one. It is solved in the operational conditions by the dispatch station. The article sets the problem of formalizing and finding the new ways to solve this urgent problem. Methodology. A new approach to solving the problem of operational distribution of train traffic volume on the sections of the rail network with a choice of routes for all train traffics was proposed. Findings. A study of possible routes for the train traffic handle on the operating domain used for mass freight transportations between Krivyi Rih and Donbas was carried out. The use of the proposed method allowed us to obtain a rational distribution of trains on the rail network sections. Originality. The method of train traffic volume distribution in the network under operational conditions was improved. The method, as opposed to the current one allows one to select the route of separate units handle (according to the criteria of the weighted average cost for 1 ton of cargo. Practical value. The use of the proposed technology of the operational distribution of train traffic volume will increase the efficiency of the railways in general and ensure the competitiveness of rail transportations. The methodology implementation involves the use of railway dispatch station for the automated workplaces with appropriate informational support.

Remote operated vehicle with carbon dioxide blasting (ROVCO{sub 2})

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Resnick, A.M. [Oceaneering International, Inc., Upper Marlboro, MD (United States)

1995-10-01

The Remote Operated Vehicle with Carbon Dioxide Blasting (ROVCO{sub 2}), as shown in a front view is a six-wheeled remote land vehicle used to decontaminate concrete floors. The remote vehicle has a high pressure Cryogenesis blasting subsystem, Oceaneering Technologies (OTECH) developed a CO{sub 2} xY Orthogonal Translational End Effector (COYOTEE) subsystem, and a vacuum/filtration and containment subsystem. The cryogenesis subsystem performs the actual decontamination work and consists of the dry ice supply unit, the blasting nozzle, the remotely controlled electric and pneumatic valves, and the vacuum work-head. The COYOTEE subsystem positions the blasting work-head within a planar work space and the vacuum subsystem provides filtration and containment of the debris generated by the CO{sub 2} blasting. It employs a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filtration unit to separate contaminants for disposal. All of the above systems are attached to the vehicle subsystem via the support structure.

Reduced graphene oxide wrapped Bi{sub 2}WO{sub 6} hybrid with ultrafast charge separation and improved photoelectrocatalytic performance

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Huan [School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China (China); Liang, Yinghua, E-mail: liangyh@ncst.edu.cn [School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China (China); College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, PR China (China); Liu, Li; Hu, Jinshan [College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, PR China (China); Cui, Wenquan, E-mail: wkcui@163.com [College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, PR China (China)

2017-01-15

Highlights: • The rGO wrapped Bi{sub 2}WO{sub 6} photoelectrode was successfully synthesized. • The Bi{sub 2}WO{sub 6}@rGOhighlyincreasedthechargeseparationefficiency. • The photoelectrode exhibited enhanced photoelectrocatalytic degradation for RhB. - Abstract: A reduced graphene oxide (rGO) wrapped Bi{sub 2}WO{sub 6} (Bi{sub 2}WO{sub 6}@rGO) hybrid as photoelectrode for enhanced photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) degradation of organic pollutants is reported, which exhibited excellent charge separation and photoconversion efficiency. The core@shell structured Bi{sub 2}WO{sub 6}@rGO photoelectrode yielded a pronounced 1.56-fold and 23.8-fold photocurrent density at 1.0 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE), than that of loading structured Bi{sub 2}WO{sub 6}-rGO and pure Bi{sub 2}WO{sub 6}. The Bi{sub 2}WO{sub 6}@rGO hybrid exhibited enhanced photoelectrocatalytic efficiency for degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB), which was 43.0% and 65.6% higher than that of photocatalytic (PC) and electrocatalytic (EC) processes, respectively. The enhancement in PEC degradation of RhB benefited from: (1) a strong interaction and a wide range of conjugation were formed in the core@shell system; (2) a 0.26 V of flat band potential was negatively shifted in case of Bi{sub 2}WO{sub 6}@rGO composite; (3) the photogenerated electrons and holes could be spatially separated by external electric potentials.

BINARY CEPHEIDS: SEPARATIONS AND MASS RATIOS IN 5 M {sub ☉} BINARIES

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Evans, Nancy Remage; Karovska, Margarita; Tingle, Evan [Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, MS 4, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Bond, Howard E. [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (United States); Schaefer, Gail H. [The CHARA Array, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3965, Atlanta, GA 30302-3965 (United States); Mason, Brian D., E-mail: nevans@cfa.harvard.edu, E-mail: heb11@psu.edu, E-mail: schaefer@chara-array.org [US Naval Observatory, 3450 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20392-5420 (United States)

2013-10-01

Deriving the distribution of binary parameters for a particular class of stars over the full range of orbital separations usually requires the combination of results from many different observing techniques (radial velocities, interferometry, astrometry, photometry, direct imaging), each with selection biases. However, Cepheids—cool, evolved stars of ∼5 M {sub ☉}—are a special case because ultraviolet (UV) spectra will immediately reveal any companion star hotter than early type A, regardless of the orbital separation. We have used International Ultraviolet Explorer UV spectra of a complete sample of all 76 Cepheids brighter than V = 8 to create a list of all 18 Cepheids with companions more massive than 2.0 M {sub ☉}. Orbital periods of many of these binaries are available from radial-velocity studies, or can be estimated for longer-period systems from detected velocity variability. In an imaging survey with the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3, we resolved three of the companions (those of η Aql, S Nor, and V659 Cen), allowing us to make estimates of the periods out to the long-period end of the distribution. Combining these separations with orbital data in the literature, we derive an unbiased distribution of binary separations, orbital periods, and mass ratios. The distribution of orbital periods shows that the 5 M {sub ☉} binaries have systematically shorter periods than do 1 M {sub ☉} stars. Our data also suggest that the distribution of mass ratios depends on both binary separation and system multiplicity. The distribution of mass ratios as a function of orbital separation, however, does not depend on whether a system is a binary or a triple.

Exchange bias training effect in phase separated polycrystalline Sm{sub 0.1}Ca{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.2}MnO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Markovich, V., E-mail: markoviv@bgu.ac.il [Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva (Israel); Fita, I.; Wisniewski, A.; Puzniak, R. [Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw (Poland); Martin, C. [Laboratoire CRISMAT, UMR 6508, ISMRA, 14050, Caen Cedex (France); Jung, G. [Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva (Israel); Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw (Poland); Gorodetsky, G. [Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva (Israel)

2016-12-01

Magnetic properties of antiferromagnetic (AFM) electron doped manganite Sm{sub 0.1}Ca{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.2}MnO{sub 3} have been investigated, focusing mainly on the exchange bias (EB) effect and associated training effect. The studied compound exhibits the ground state with heterogeneous spin configuration, consisting of the C-type antiferromagnetic phase with the Néel temperature T{sub N-C} ≈ 120 K, the G-AFM phase with the Néel temperature T{sub N-G} ≈ 60 K, and ferromagnetic-like phase with a very weak spontaneous magnetic moment. Measurements of hysteresis loops have shown that the exchange bias field monotonously decreases with increasing temperature and vanishes above 40 K, while the coercivity disappears only above 70 K. The temperature variation of the exchange bias field has been successfully described by an exponential decay form. The stability of EB has been evaluated in the studies of the training effect, which has been discussed in the frame of the spin relaxation model, elucidating the important role of the AFM domain rearrangement at the interface. The complex phase separation and possible contributions from different interfaces between coexisting magnetic phases to the EB effect have also been discussed. - Highlights: • Sm{sub 0.1}Ca{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.2}MnO{sub 3} exhibits exchange bias (EB) effect at low temperatures T < 40 K. • The EB effect is associated with the phase separation and the presence of FM clusters as well as the G- and C-type AFM phases. • The training effect (TE) has been discussed in the frame of the spin relaxation model. • The TE is relatively small, indicating that AFM moment configuration is almost frozen during the magnetization reversal.

Magnetic BaFe{sub 12}O{sub 19} nanofiber filter for effective separation of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles and removal of arsenic

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Byun, Jeehye; Patel, Hasmukh A.; Yavuz, Cafer T., E-mail: yavuz@kaist.ac.kr [Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Graduate School of EEWS (Korea, Republic of)

2014-12-15

Magnetic nanoparticles are promising in applications where magnetic separation is intended, although material losses via leaching mechanisms are often inevitable. Magnetic separations with widely available permanent magnets can effectively trap particles, leading to a complete removal of used or waste particles. In this report, we first demonstrate the synthesis of the thinnest (112.7 ± 16.4 nm) and most magnetic (71.96 emu g{sup −1}) barium hexaferrite (BaFe{sub 12}O{sub 19}, BHF—fridge magnet) via an organic solvent-free electrospinning procedure. When the fibers are then packed into a column, they clearly remove 12 nm magnetite (Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}) nanoparticles quantitatively. The same BHF cartridge also removes more than 99.9 % As-treated magnetite nanoparticles at capacities up to 70 times of its weight. As a result, one liter of 150 μg L{sup −1} As-contaminated water can be purified rapidly at a material cost of less than 2 US cents.

Stacked white OLED having separate red, green and blue sub-elements

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Forrest, Stephen; Qi, Xiangfei; Slootsky, Michael

2015-06-23

The present invention relates to efficient organic light emitting devices (OLEDs). More specifically, the present invention relates to white-emitting OLEDs, or WOLEDs. The devices of the present invention employ three emissive sub-elements, typically emitting red, green and blue, to sufficiently cover the visible spectrum. The sub-elements are separated by charge generating layers.

Stacked white OLED having separate red, green and blue sub-elements

Science.gov (United States)

Forrest, Stephen; Qi, Xiangfei; Slootsky, Michael

2016-06-28

The present invention relates to efficient organic light emitting devices (OLEDs). More specifically, the present invention relates to white-emitting OLEDs, or WOLEDs. The devices of the present invention employ three emissive sub-elements, typically emitting red, green and blue, to sufficiently cover the visible spectrum. The sub-elements are separated by charge generating layers.

Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@graphene oxide composite: A magnetically separable and efficient catalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

He, Guangyu [Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Jiangsu Province, Changzhou 213164 (China); Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094 (China); Liu, Weifeng; Sun, Xiaoqiang [Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Jiangsu Province, Changzhou 213164 (China); Chen, Qun, E-mail: chenqunjpu@yahoo.com [Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Jiangsu Province, Changzhou 213164 (China); Wang, Xin [Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094 (China); Chen, Haiqun, E-mail: hqchenyf@hotmail.com [Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Jiangsu Province, Changzhou 213164 (China)

2013-05-15

Highlights: ► The Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@GO composite was prepared by a facile co-precipitation method. ► Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles are well distributed on GO nanosheets. ► Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@GO was for the first time explored as a catalyst to reduce nitroarenes. ► Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@GO exhibits higher catalytic activity. ► The composite catalyst is easily recycled due to its magnetic separability. - Abstract: We reported a facile co-precipitation method to prepare a highly active Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@graphene oxide (Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@GO) composite catalyst, which was fully characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and N{sub 2} adsorption–desorption measurements. The results demonstrated that the Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles (Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} NPs) with a small diameter of around 12 nm were densely and evenly deposited on the graphene oxide (GO) sheets. The as-prepared Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@GO composite was explored as a catalyst to reduce a series of nitroarenes for the first time, which exhibited a great activity with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 3.63 min{sup −1}, forty five times that of the commercial Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} NPs. The dosages of catalyst and hydrazine hydrate are both less than those reported. Furthermore, the composite catalyst can be easily recovered due to its magnetic separability and high stability.

A steam separator-superheater apparatus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Androw, Jean; Bessouat, Roger; Peyrelongue, J.-P.

1973-01-01

Description is given of a separator-superheater apparatus comprising an outer enclosure containing a separating-unit and a steam superheating unit according to the main patent. The present addition relates to an improvement in that apparatus, characterized in that the separating unit and the superheating unit, mounted in two distinct portions of the outer enclosure, are divided into the same number of sub-units of each unit being identical and operating in parallel, and in that to each separator sub-unit is associated a superheater sub-unit, said sub-units being mounted in series and located in one in the other of the enclosure two portions, respectively. This can be applied to the treatment of the exhaust steam of a turbine high pressure body, prior to re-injecting said steam into the low pressure body [fr

Measurements of the charge exchange and dissociation cross-sections of the H{sub 2}+ ion in a wide energy range; Mesures des sections efficaces d'echange de charge et de dissociation des ions H{sub 2}{sup +} dans une large gamme d'energie (25 - 250 keV)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guidini, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1962-07-01

The dissociation, ionisation, and charge exchange cross-sections of molecular hydrogen ions H{sub 2}{sup +} passing through various gases, have been measured as a function of the energy of the ions. The energy range studied was from 25 to 250 keV. The reaction products, analysed by a magnetic field according to their e/m ratio, are collected on scintillation detectors. Two methods have made it possible to separate the various reactions leading to the formation of particles having the same e/m ratio. The first separates the particles according to their energy, the other selects those arriving simultaneously on two different detectors. The results show a large variation in the charge exchange cross-section with the energy of the H{sub 2}{sup +} ions. The variations in the dissociation and ionisation cross-sections are less pronounced. For a given energy, the values of the cross-sections increase with the atomic weight of the target particles. These measurements have been extended to the case of H{sub 2}{sup +} ions passing through a target of charged particles. Preliminary results show an increase in the cross-sections as compared to the preceding case. Finally the scattering of the reaction products has been studied; this scattering is due to the fact that the molecules formed during a reaction are in an unstable state and the nuclei or atoms diverge from each other. (author) [French] Les sections efficaces de dissociation, d'ionisation et d'echange de charge d'ions hydrogene moleculaires H{sub 2}{sup +} traversant differents gaz, ont ete mesurees en fonction de l'energie des ions. La gamme d'energie exploree est comprise entre 25 et 250 keV. Les produits de reactions, analyses suivant leur rapport e/m par un champ magnetique, sont recus sur des detecteurs a scintillations. Deux methodes ont permis de separer les diverses reactions conduisant a la formation de particules ayant meme rapport e/m. L'une classe les particules secondaires en energie, l'autre selectionne

T/sub 4/ radioimmunoassay with ion-exchange resin separation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Michael, J D; Modha, K [Hoechst Pharmaceuticals Research Ltd., Milton Keynes (UK)

1977-05-28

An explanation is provided for the reports of falsely low values of serum-thyroxine (T/sub 4/) measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA), particularly in sera containing raised concentrations of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) (Burr, W.A., Evans, S.E., Hogan, T.C., 1977, Lancet, April 2, 757). A re-examination of the assay technique used in commercial RIA kits ('RIA-gnost T/sub 3/' and 'RIA-gnost T/sub 4/', Behring Diagnostics) showed that blocking of binding proteins by 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulphonic acid (ANS) was incomplete in sera with raised TBG levels. Spectroscopic determination of the blocker concentration during the time the solution was in contact with the ion exchange resin showed that 98% of the ANS was removed from solution by 10 min contact with the resin, yet 60 min was required to absorb the free T/sub 4/. There was therefore ample time for unblocked TBG to recombine with free T/sub 4/ which was then misclassified as antibody-bound T/sub 4/. The assay technique used in the kits was therefore modified. The less polar TBG blocking agent, ethylmercurithiosalicylate (merthiolate), replaced ANS and it was demonstrated that accurate T/sub 3/ and T/sub 4/ measurements in high TBG sera could be made by resin-separation RIA without resorting to prior denaturation or alcohol extraction.

The elliptic quantum algebra U{sub q,p}(sl-hat{sub N}) and its vertex operators

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chang Wenjing [School of Mathematical Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048 (China); Ding Xiangmao [Institute of Applied Mathematics, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)], E-mail: wjchang@amss.ac.cn, E-mail: xmding@amss.ac.cn

2009-10-23

We construct a realization of the elliptic quantum algebra U{sub q,p}(sl-hat{sub N}) for any given level k in terms of free boson fields and their twisted partners. It can be considered as the elliptic deformation of the Wakimoto realization of the quantum affine algebra U{sub q}(sl-hat{sub N}). We also construct a family of screening currents, which commute with the currents of U{sub q,p}(sl-hat{sub N}) up to total q-differences. And we give explicit twisted expressions for the type I and type II vertex operators of U{sub q,p}(sl-hat{sub N}) by twisting the known results of the type I vertex operators of the quantum affine algebra U{sub q}(sl-hat{sub N}) and the new results of the type II vertex operators of U{sub q}(sl-hat{sub N}) we obtained in this paper.

Criticality safety assessment of FBTR fuel sub-assemblies using WIMS cross section set

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gupta, H.C.; Chakraborty, B.

2002-01-01

Full text: FBTR's irradiated fuel sub-assemblies (FSAs) are sent to RML at Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research for post irradiation examination. The FSAs are cut open and the fuel pins are separated for examination in the hot cells. It was required to evaluate the criticality safety in handling the FSAs in the hot cells. Criticality safety studies for handling two as well as three irradiated FSAs in the hot cells under dry conditions were carried out by the Safety Group at IGCAR, Kalpakkam. Monte Carlo code KENO (Version Va) which uses 16-group Hansen-Roach cross-section set was used for the calculations. Subsequently, during the safety review of the proposition by the Safety Review Committee (SARCOP) of AERB, it was stipulated to carry out the criticality safety studies under flooded condition also. We carried out the criticality safety studies for these fuel sub assemblies in different configurations under dry (buried in concrete) as well as wet condition (flooded with light water) using Monte Carlo codes MONALI (developed at BARC) and KENO4 using WlMS-69 group cross section set. Results of our analyses under various conditions are presented in this paper

Synthesis and characterization of ceramic-supported and metal-supported membrane layers for the separation of CO{sub 2} in fossil-fuel power plants; Herstellung und Charakterisierung von keramik- und metallgestuetzten Membranschichten fuer die CO{sub 2}-Abtrennung in fossilen Kraftwerken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hauler, Felix

2010-07-01

The separation of CO{sub 2} in fossil fuel power plants has become a very important issue due to the contribution of this greenhouse gas to global warming. Thin microporous membranes are promising candidates for separating CO{sub 2} from gas flow before being exhausted into the atmosphere. The membrane demands are good permeation and separation properties and high stability under operation conditions. Novel sol-gel derived materials composed of TiO{sub 2}/ZrO{sub 2} and stabilized SiO{sub 2} seem to be promising due to their good chemical stability and microporous character, especially for the separation of H{sub 2} and CO{sub 2}. Metallic substrates should be preferred as membrane support because they exhibit practical advantages combining good mechanical stability and the benefit of facilitated joining. The present thesis deals with the development of sol-gel derived microporous membrane layers on ceramic and metallic supports for the separation of CO{sub 2}. In this context, the optimized preparation of high-quality membranes with TiO{sub 2}/ZrO{sub 2} and Ni, Co, Zr, Ti doped SiO{sub 2} top layers is presented. These multilayered membranes consist of a graded pore structure to provide a smooth transition of the pore size from the support to the functional layer. Due to the good surface properties, the ceramic substrates only need one interlayer, whereas the rough metallic substrates exhibiting larger pores require a total of three interlayers to obtain an enhanced surface quality. On both types of supports, crack-free functional layers with a thickness below 100 nm were deposited by dip-coating. The unsupported and supported sol-gel materials used for the top layers were investigated in terms of structural properties by thermal analysis, sorption measurements, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Gas permeation tests with He, H{sub 2}, CO{sub 2} und N{sub 2} were carried out to determine the membrane performance with regard to permeation rates and

Recovery of oscillatory magneto-resistance in phase separated La{sub 0.3}Pr{sub 0.4}Ca{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3} epitaxial thin films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alagoz, H. S., E-mail: alagoz@ualberta.ca; Jeon, J.; Mahmud, S. T.; Saber, M. M.; Chow, K. H., E-mail: khchow@ualberta.ca; Jung, J., E-mail: jjung@ualberta.ca [Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1 (Canada); Prasad, B. [Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ (United Kingdom); Egilmez, M. [Department of Physics, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah (United Arab Emirates)

2013-12-02

In-plane angular dependent magneto-resistance has been studied in La{sub 0.3}Pr{sub 0.4}Ca{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3} (LPCMO) manganite thin films deposited on the (100) oriented NdGaO{sub 3}, and (001) oriented SrTiO{sub 3} and LaAlO{sub 3} substrates. At temperatures where the electronic phase separation is the strongest, a metastable irreversible state exists in the films whose resistivity ρ attains a large time dependent value. The ρ decreases sharply with an increasing angle θ between the magnetic field and the current, and does not display an expected oscillatory cos{sup 2}θ/sin{sup 2}θ dependence for all films. The regular oscillations are recovered during repetitive sweeping of θ between 0° and 180°. We discuss possible factors that could produce these unusual changes in the resistivity.

An operationally simple method for separating the rare-earth elements neodymium and dysprosium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bogart, Justin A.; Lippincott, Connor A.; Carroll, Patrick J.; Schelter, Eric J. [Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States)

2015-07-06

Rare-earth metals are critical components of electronic materials and permanent magnets. Recycling of consumer materials is a promising new source of rare earths. To incentivize recycling there is a clear need for simple methods for targeted separations of mixtures of rare-earth metal salts. Metal complexes of a tripodal nitroxide ligand [{(2-"tBuNO)C_6H_4CH_2}{sub 3}N]{sup 3-} (TriNOx{sup 3-}), feature a size-sensitive aperture formed of its three η{sup 2}-(N,O) ligand arms. Exposure of metal cations in the aperture induces a self-associative equilibrium comprising [M(TriNOx)thf]/[M(TriNOx)]{sub 2} (M=rare-earth metal). Differences in the equilibrium constants (K{sub eq}) for early and late metals enables simple Nd/Dy separations through leaching with a separation ratio S{sub Nd/Dy}=359. (copyright 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Stacked white OLED having separate red, green and blue sub-elements

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Forrest, Stephen; Qi, Xiangfei; Slootsky, Michael

2014-07-01

The present invention relates to efficient organic light emitting devices (OLEDs). The devices employ three emissive sub-elements, typically emitting red, green and blue, to sufficiently cover the visible spectrum. Thus, the devices may be white-emitting OLEDs, or WOLEDs. Each sub-element comprises at least one organic layer which is an emissive layer--i.e., the layer is capable of emitting light when a voltage is applied across the stacked device. The sub-elements are vertically stacked and are separated by charge generating layers. The charge-generating layers are layers that inject charge carriers into the adjacent layer(s) but do not have a direct external connection.

Order α2sub(s) correction to jet cross sections in e+e- annihilation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fabricius, K.; Schmitt, I.; Schierholz, G.; Kramer, G.

1980-09-01

We calculate the Sterman-Weinberg type cross section for three jets and the 0(α 2 sub(s)) correction to the thrust distribution 1/sigma dsigma/dT. The effect on 1/sigma dsigma/dT is sizable (in the anti MS scheme) but not in conflict with the expected convergence of the perturbation series. (orig.)

Residual Salt Separation from the Metal Products Reduced in a LiCl-Li{sub 2}O Molten Salt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hur, Jin Mok; Hong, Sun Seok; Kang, Dae Seung; Jeong, Meong Soo; Seo, Chung Seok

2006-02-15

The electrochemical reduction of spent nuclear fuel in a LiCl-Li{sub 2}O molten salt for the conditioning of spent nuclear fuel requires the separation of the residual salts from a reduced metal product after the reduction process. Considering the behavior of spent nuclear fuel during the electrochemical reduction process, a surrogate material matrix was constructed and inactive tests on a salt separation were carried out to produce the data required for the active tests. Fresh uranium metal prepared from the electrochemical reduction of U{sub 3}O{sub 8} powder was used as the surrogates of the spent nuclear fuel components which might be metallized by the electrochemical reduction process. LiCl, Li{sub 2}O, Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} and SrCl{sub 2} were selected as the components of the residual salts. Interactions between the salts and their influence on the separation of the residual salts were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). Eutectic melting of LiCl-Li{sub 2}O and LiCl-SrCl{sub 2} led to a melting point which was lower than that of a LiCl molten salt was observed. Residual salts were separated by a vaporization method. Co-vaporization of LiCl-Li{sub 2}O and LiCl-SrCl{sub 2} was achieved below temperatures which could make the uranium metal oxidation by Li{sub 2}O possible. The salt vaporization rates at 950 .deg. C were measured as follows: LiCl-8 wt% Li{sub 2}O > LiCl > LiCl-8 wt% SrCl{sub 2} > SrCl{sub 2}.

Enhanced separation efficiency of photoinduced charges for antimony-doped tin oxide (Sb-SnO{sub 2})/TiO{sub 2} heterojunction semiconductors with varied Sb doping concentration

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Zhen-Long [School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004 (China); Ma, Wen-Hai [School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004 (China); Mao, Yan-Li, E-mail: ylmao1@163.com [School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004 (China); Institute for Computational Materials Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004 (China)

2014-09-07

In this paper, antimony-doped tin oxide (Sb-SnO{sub 2}) nanoparticles were synthesized with varied Sb doping concentration, and the Sb-SnO{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} heterojunction semiconductors were prepared with Sb-SnO{sub 2} and TiO{sub 2}. The separation efficiency of photoinduced charges was characterized with surface photovoltage (SPV) technique. Compared with Sb-SnO{sub 2} and TiO{sub 2}, Sb-SnO{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} presents an enhanced separation efficiency of photoinduced charges, and the SPV enhancements were estimated to be 1.40, 1.43, and 1.99 for Sb-SnO{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} composed of Sb-SnO{sub 2} with the Sb doping concentration of 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively. To understand the enhancement, the band structure of Sb-SnO{sub 2} and TiO{sub 2} in the heterojunction semiconductor was determined, and the conduction band offsets (CBO) between Sb-SnO{sub 2} and TiO{sub 2} were estimated to be 0.56, 0.64, and 0.98 eV for Sb-SnO{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} composed of Sb-SnO{sub 2} with the Sb doping concentration of 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively. These results indicate that the separation efficiency enhancement is resulting from the energy level matching, and the increase of enhancement is due to the rising of CBO.

CO{sub 2} separation from exhaust gas; CO{sub 2} separasjon fra eksosgass

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magelssen, Paul Fr. [Saga Petroleum A/S, Forus (Norway)

1998-07-01

When Saga wanted to reduce the CO{sub 2} emissions from Snorre B, cleaning of CO{sub 2} from exhaust gas was one of several options considered. CO{sub 2} cleaning using membrane/amine technology is under development. Saga required that the technology should be qualified and that the yield of the Snorre B project should not be reduced. This presentation discusses qualification of combined membrane/amine technology, environmental issues, economic issues and implementation on the Snorre B platform. Flue gas from the gas turbine is passed to a CO{sub 2} absorption and desorption stage from which the CO{sub 2} is passed on for compression and disposal while the cleaned flue is let out. The membrane is situated between the flue gas and the absorbent liquid. The pores are large enough for the CO{sub 2} to pass through quickly and small enough to prevent the liquid from penetrating into the pores. The packing factor is high, 500 - 1000 m2/m3, there is no formation of froth, ducts or entrainment of the liquid. New technology implies 65 - 70% size reduction of the main equipment and 39 - 40% reduction of the energy consumption. Research on amines brings out new chemicals which imply 80% reduction in the consumption of chemicals and the quantity of special waste produced. If a CO{sub 2} cleaning plant is installed on a LM 2500, the CO{sub 2} emissions can be reduced by 97,200 ton/year given the right operational conditions. Although it was decided in 1998 not to install the module with the CO{sub 2} pilot cleaning plant, Snorre B is still a good environmental project having CO{sub 2} emission within the values set by Miljoesok.

Operative needs in HIV+ populations: An estimation for sub-Saharan Africa.

Science.gov (United States)

Cherewick, Megan L; Cherewick, Steven D; Kushner, Adam L

2017-05-01

In 2015, it was estimated that approximately 36.7 million people were living with HIV globally and approximately 25.5 million of those people were living in sub-Saharan Africa. Limitations in the availability and access to adequate operative care require policy and planning to enhance operative capacity. Data estimating the total number of persons living with HIV by country, sex, and age group were obtained from the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) in 2015. Using minimum proposed surgical rates per 100,000 for 4, defined, sub-Saharan regions of Africa, country-specific and regional estimates were calculated. The total need and unmet need for operative procedures were estimated. A minimum of 1,539,138 operative procedures were needed in 2015 for the 25.5 million persons living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, there was an unmet need of 908,513 operative cases in sub-Saharan Africa with the greatest unmet need in eastern sub-Saharan Africa (427,820) and western sub-Saharan Africa (325,026). Approximately 55.6% of the total need for operative cases is adult women, 38.4% are adult men, and 6.0% are among children under the age of 15. A minimum of 1.5 million operative procedures annually are required to meet the needs of persons living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. The unmet need for operative care is greatest in eastern and western sub-Saharan Africa and will require investments in personnel, infrastructure, facilities, supplies, and equipment. We highlight the need for global planning and investment in resources to meet targets of operative capacity. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Valence shell photoionization energies and cross-sections of NF sub 3 and PF sub 3

CERN Document Server

Jürgensen, A

2003-01-01

Relative outer valence shell ionization potentials and cross-sections were determined for the isostructural, Group 15, trifluorides NF sub 3 and PF sub 3 in the gas phase using synchrotron radiation. Excitation photon energies ranged from 70 to 160 eV. The experimental spectra were assigned and cross-sections analyzed with the aid of both MS-X alpha and ab initio calculations. Spectral differences in peak energies and relative intensities are related to structural and electronic differences between these two fluoride molecules. Valence shell ionization potentials were compared to calculated values obtained by several different methods. The partial photoionization cross-sections for each orbital were obtained as a function of excitation energy and compared to theoretical results obtained with the X alpha method.

Temperature-dependent phase separation during annealing of Ge{sub 2}Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 5} thin films in vacuum

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang Zheng [Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A-STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore117602 (Singapore); Pan Jisheng, E-mail: js-pan@imre.a-star.edu.sg [Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A-STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore117602 (Singapore); Fang, Lina Wei-Wei; Yeo, Yee-Chia [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 119260 (Singapore); Foo, Yong Lim [Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A-STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore117602 (Singapore); Zhao Rong; Shi Luping [Data Storage Institute, A-STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), DSI Building, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608 (Singapore); Tok, Eng Soon [Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A-STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore117602 (Singapore); Department of Physics, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 119260 (Singapore)

2012-06-01

Thermal stability of 100 nm Ge{sub 2}Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 5} thin film during annealing from room temperature to 240 Degree-Sign C inside a UHV chamber was studied in situ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ex situ by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Ge species are found to diffuse preferentially to the surface when GST film is annealed from 25 Degree-Sign C to 100 Degree-Sign C. This process is accompanied by a change of phase whereby the amorphous film completely becomes face-center-cubic (FCC) phase at 100 Degree-Sign C. From 100 Degree-Sign C to 200 Degree-Sign C, both Sb and Te species are observed to diffuse more to the surface. The FCC phase is partially changed into hexagonal-close-pack (HCP) phase at 200 Degree-Sign C. At 220 Degree-Sign C, FCC phase is completely transformed into HCP phase. Loss of Sb and Te are also detected from the surface and this is attributed to desorption due to their high vapor pressures. At 240 Degree-Sign C, Sb and Te species are found to have desorbed completely from the surface, and leave behind Ge-rich 3D droplets on the surface. The separation of Ge{sub 2}Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 5} into Sb,Te-rich phase and Ge-rich phase is thus the main mechanism to account for the failure of Ge{sub 2}Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 5}-based phase change memory devices under thermal stress.

On predicting quantal cross sections by interpolation: Surprisal analysis of j/sub z/CCS and statistical j/sub z/ results

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goldflam, R.; Kouri, D.J.

1976-01-01

New methods for predicting the full matrix of integral cross sections are developed by combining the surprisal analysis of Bernstein and Levine with the j/sub z/-conserving coupled states method (j/sub z/CCS) of McGuire, Kouri, and Pack and with the statistical j/sub z/ approximation (Sj/sub z/) of Kouri, Shimoni, and Heil. A variety of approaches is possible and only three are studied in the present work. These are (a) a surprisal fit of the j=0→j' column of the j/sub z/CCS cross section matrix (thereby requiring only a solution of the lambda=0 set of j/sub z/CCS equations), (b) a surprisal fit of the lambda-bar=0 Sj/sub z/ cross section matrix (again requiring solution of the lambda=0 set of j/sub z/CCS equations only), and (c) a surprisal fit of a lambda-bar not equal to 0 Sj/sub z/ submatrix (involving input cross sections for j,j'> or =lambda-bar transitions only). The last approach requires the solution of the lambda=lambda-bar set of j/sub z/CCS equations only, which requires less computation effort than the effective potential method. We explore three different choices for the prior and two-parameter (i.e., linear) and three-parameter (i.e., parabolic) fits as applied to Ar--N 2 collisions. The results are in general very encouraging and for one choice of prior give results which are within 20% of the exact j/sub z/CCS results

A new CVD diamond mosaic-detector for (n, α) cross-section measurements at the n{sub T}OF experiment at CERN

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weiß, C., E-mail: christina.weiss@cern.ch [Atominstitut, Technische Universität Wien (Austria); European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Griesmayer, E. [Atominstitut, Technische Universität Wien (Austria); Guerrero, C. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Altstadt, S. [Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität, Frankfurt (Germany); Andrzejewski, J. [Uniwersytet Łódzki, Lodz (Poland); Audouin, L. [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IN2P3 - IPN, Orsay (France); Badurek, G. [Atominstitut, Technische Universität Wien (Austria); Barbagallo, M. [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Bari (Italy); Bécares, V. [Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid (Spain); Bečvář, F. [Charles University, Prague (Czech Republic); Belloni, F. [Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique (CEA) Saclay - Irfu, Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Berthoumieux, E. [Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique (CEA) Saclay - Irfu, Gif-sur-Yvette (France); European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Billowes, J. [University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester (United Kingdom); Boccone, V. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Bosnar, D. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (Croatia); Brugger, M.; Calviani, M. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Calviño, F. [Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona (Spain); and others

2013-12-21

At the n{sub T}OF experiment at CERN a dedicated single-crystal chemical vapor deposition (sCVD) Diamond Mosaic-Detector has been developed for (n,α) cross-section measurements. The detector, characterized by an excellent time and energy resolution, consists of an array of 9 sCVD diamond diodes. The detector has been characterized and a cross-section measurement has been performed for the {sup 59}Ni(n,α){sup 56}Fe reaction in 2012. The characteristics of the detector, its performance and the promising preliminary results of the experiment are presented. -- Highlights: •A large-area detector of 3 ×3 sCVD diamonds was built for (n, α) measurements. •The {sup 59}Ni(n, α){sup 56}Fe cross-section was measured successfully at n{sub T}OF/CERN. •The energy resolution of the detector meets the expectations from simulations. •The reaction products during the measurement at n{sub T}OF could clearly be separated. •The detector is suitable for (n, α) measurements in a heterogeneous beam.

Activity of flavonoids through λ sub max and electron cross-section

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murthy, V.R.; Sreenivasulu, M.

1997-01-01

Flavonoids are widespread groups of natural constituents and present in the drugs in the form of mono or diglycosides. Being physiologically active, flavonoids are important in the field of pharmacological and clinical applications. Not many physical properties of flavonoids have been studied so far excepting UV and NMR studies. This paper deals with the evaluation of electron ionization cross section through λ sub max, a parameter available from UV studies. Electron ionization cross section was primarily conceived to be of use in radiation chemical data, mass spectroscopic and thermodynamic studies. But later attempts to correlate electron ionization cross-section with structural and related parameters prompted the authors to derive an explicit expression relating λ sub max and electron ionization cross-section (Q). The application of this method to correlate Q through λ sub max and interpret the results in terms of chemical activity are discussed

Novel multifunctional NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/ZnO hybrids for dye removal by adsorption, photocatalysis and magnetic separation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhu, Hua-Yue [Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000 (China); Department of Environmental Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000 (China); Jiang, Ru, E-mail: jiangru0576@163.com [Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000 (China); Department of Environmental Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000 (China); Fu, Yong-Qian [Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000 (China); Li, Rong-Rong [College of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000 (China); Yao, Jun; Jiang, Sheng-Tao [Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000 (China); Department of Environmental Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000 (China)

2016-04-30

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • The NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} was decorated on ZnO surface by a hydrothermal method. • NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/ZnO hybrids show high adsorption capacity and excellent photostability. • The main active species in dye decolorization by NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/ZnO hybrids are ·OH and h{sup +}. • NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/ZnO hybrids can be easily separated by an external magnet. - Abstract: Novel multifunctional NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/ZnO hybrids were prepared by a hydrothermal method and their physicochemical properties were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA, VSM, BET and UV–vis DRS. The adsorption and photocatalytic performance of NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/ZnO hybrids were systematically investigated using congo red as a model contaminant. With the introduction of NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}, NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/ZnO hybrids can absorb the whole light from 300 nm to 700 nm. The adsorption capacity (221.73 mg g{sup −1}) of NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/ZnO hybrids is higher than those of NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}, ZnO and mechanically mixed NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/ZnO hybrids. The removal of congo red solution (20 mg L{sup −1}) by NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/ZnO hybrids was about 94.55% under simulated solar light irradiation for 10 min. ·OH and h{sup +} play important roles in the decolorization of congo red solution by NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/ZnO hybrids under simulated solar light irradiation. The decolorization efficiency of congo red solution is 97.23% for the fifth time by NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/ZnO hybrids under simulate solar light irradiation, indicating the high photostability and durability. NO{sub 3}{sup −} and Cl{sup −} anions which are ubiquitous components in dye-containing wastewater have negligible influence on the effectiveness of NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/ZnO hybrids. Moreover, the magnetic NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/ZnO hybrids can be easily separated from the reacted solution by an external magnet.

Distillation Calculation for the Separation of {sup 13}CH{sub 4} from LNG

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Song, K.M.; Son, S.H.; Kim, K.S.; Lee, S.K. [Korea Electric Power Research Institute, Taejon (Korea)

2002-07-01

For the purpose of {sup 13}CH{sub 4} production from LNG, the theoretical number of stages and the number of distillation column required for the separation of {sup 13}CH{sub 4} from {sup 12}CH{sub 4}/{sup 13}CH{sub 4} mixture of containing 1%-{sup 13}CH{sub 4} are calculated. Assuming the ideal liquid mixture of containing 1%-{sup 13}CH{sub 4} are calculated. Assuming the ideal liquid mixture of {sup 12}CH{sub 4} and {sup 13}CH{sub 4}, the theoretical number of stages are calculated by smoker equation and FUG method. Using the correlation between the minimum theoretical number of stages and the optimum theoretical number of stages, the number of distillation groups is calculated. From this calculation, we know that 6 groups of distillation tower with 600 stages per one column are needed for the production of 90%-{sup 13}CH{sub 4}. (author). 5 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs.

Indium-modified Yb:KLu(WO{sub 4}){sub 2} crystal: Growth, spectroscopy and laser operation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Serres, J.M. [Física i Cristallografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/ Marcellí Domingo, s/n., Tarragona E-43007 (Spain); Mateos, X., E-mail: xavier.mateos@urv.cat [Física i Cristallografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/ Marcellí Domingo, s/n., Tarragona E-43007 (Spain); Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 2A Max-Born-Str., Berlin D-12489 (Germany); Loiko, P. [ITMO University, 49 Kronverkskiy pr., St. Petersburg 197101 (Russian Federation); Griebner, U.; Petrov, V. [Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 2A Max-Born-Str., Berlin D-12489 (Germany); Yumashev, K. [Center for Optical Materials and Technologies (COMT), Belarusian National Technical University, 65/17 Nezavisimosti Ave., Minsk 220013 (Belarus); Aguiló, M.; Díaz, F. [Física i Cristallografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/ Marcellí Domingo, s/n., Tarragona E-43007 (Spain)

2017-03-15

We report on the growth, spectroscopic and laser characterization of a novel monoclinic laser crystal, Yb,In:KLu(WO{sub 4}){sub 2} (Yb,In:KLuW). The absorption, stimulated-emission and gain cross-section spectra of 3.5 at% Yb, 5.5 at% In-doped KLuW are determined at room temperature with polarized light and compared with those for Yb,In:KYW, as well as singly Yb-doped KLuW and KYW crystals. It is found that the introduction of In results in a decrease of the transition cross-sections and in a spectral broadening of the absorption and emission bands. Such a broadening is more pronounced for light polarization E ||N{sub p}. For Yb,In:KLuW, the maximum σ{sub abs} is 9.9×10{sup –20} cm{sup 2} at 980.9 nm for E ||N{sub m} and the corresponding bandwidth of the absorption peak is 3.7 nm. The radiative lifetime for Yb{sup 3+} ions is 237±5 µs. The stimulated-emission cross-sections are σ{sub SE}(m)=2.4×10{sup –20} cm{sup 2} at 1022.4 nm and σ{sub SE}(p)=1.3×10{sup –20} cm{sup 2} at 1039.1 nm corresponding to an emission bandwidth of >30 nm and >35 nm, respectively. The diode-pumped N{sub g}-cut Yb,In:KLuW microchip laser generated 4.11 W at 1042–1048 nm with a slope efficiency of 78%. The Yb,In:KLuW crystal is very promising for the generation of sub-100 fs pulses in mode-locked lasers due to its broadband emission characteristics.

Measurement of the nu/sub μ/ charged-current cross section

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baker, N.J.; Connolly, P.L; Kahn, S.A.

1982-01-01

The Fermilab 15-ft bubble chamber, filled with a heavy neon-hydrogen mix, was exposed to a narrow band nu/sub μ/ beam. Based on the observation of 830 charged current nu/sub μ/ interactions, the cross section was found to rise linearly with the neutrino energy in the interval, 10 GeV less than or equal to E/sub nu/ less than or equal to 240 GeV, with a constant slope of: sigma/sub nu/E/sub nu/ = (0.64 +- 0.05) 10 -38 cm 2 GeV -1 . This result is discussed in relation to other experiments

Operational behaviour of CO{sub 2} booster systems; Betriebsverhalten von CO{sub 2}-Booster-Systemen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Javerschek, Oliver; Hieble, Tobias [BITZER Kuehlmaschinenbau GmbH, Sindelfingen (Germany)

2011-07-01

The operating characteristics of booster systems and the resulting operating conditions of CO{sub 2} booster systems in supermarket refrigeration are explained and discussed. Criteria and challenges of different operating and load conditions are gone into. Simulated and measured operating states of a small-scale booster system are compared and evaluated. [German] In der vorliegenden Veroeffentlichung werden unterschiedliche Betriebsverhalten und die daraus resultierenden Betriebsbedingungen von CO{sub 2}-Booster-Systemen in der Supermarktkaelte erlaeutert und diskutiert. Dabei werden wesentliche Kriterien und Herausforderungen bei den unterschiedlichen Betriebs- und Lastbedingungen besprochen. Ausserdem werden simulierte und gemessene Betriebszustaende einer kleinen Booster-Kaelteanlage vergleichend betrachtet und bewertet.

Constitutionality of section 7 of the Atomic Energy Act: Section 20 GG 'Kalkar decision'. [German Federal Republic

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1978-06-01

OVG Muenster, decision dated Aug. 18th, 1977 - VII A 338/74: 'Section 7 of the Atomic Energy Act disagrees with the constitution in as far as it also allows the licensing of FBR type reactores'. The grounds upon which the judgment is based are given in detail: According to the opinion of the Senate, section 7 of the Atomic Energy Act does not conform to the principle of separation of powers (section 20, sub-section 2, sentence 2 GG), to the principle of parliamentary democracy (section 20, sub-section 1 and 2 GG) and to the principles of the law and order state (section 20, sub-section 3 GG) in as far as the present version enables the licensing of fast breeders.

Enhancing visible light photocatalytic and photocharge separation of (BiO){sub 2}CO{sub 3} plate via dramatic I{sup −} ions doping effect

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liang, Lei [College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, Anhui (China); Cao, Jing [College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, Anhui (China); Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Functional Composite, Huaibei, 235000, Anhui (China); Lin, Haili, E-mail: linhaili@mail.ipc.ac.cn [College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, Anhui (China); Guo, Xiaomin; Zhang, Meiyu [College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, Anhui (China); Chen, Shifu, E-mail: chshifu@chnu.edu.cn [College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, Anhui (China); College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui (China)

2016-08-15

Highlights: • Novel I-(BiO){sub 2}CO{sub 3} was prepared by a facile chemical precipitation method. • I{sup −} ions impurity level located on the top of valence band of (BiO){sub 2}CO{sub 3}. • I{sup −} ions doping largely improved photocatalytic activity of I-(BiO){sub 2}CO{sub 3}. • I-(BiO){sub 2}CO{sub 3} displayed excellent photocharge separation efficiency. - Abstract: Novel I{sup −} ions doped (BiO){sub 2}CO{sub 3} (I-(BiO){sub 2}CO{sub 3}) photocatalysts were successfully synthesized via a facile chemical precipitation method. Under visible light (λ > 400 nm), I-(BiO){sub 2}CO{sub 3} displayed much higher activity for rhodamine B and dichlorophenol degradation than the undoped (BiO){sub 2}CO{sub 3}. The pseudo-first-order rate constant k{sub app} of RhB degradation over 15.0% I-(BiO){sub 2}CO{sub 3} was 0.54 h{sup −1}, which is 11.3 times higher than that of (BiO){sub 2}CO{sub 3}. The doped I{sup −} ions formed an impurity level on the top of valence band of (BiO){sub 2}CO{sub 3} and induced much more visible light to be absorbed. The enhanced photocurrent and surface photovoltage properties were detected, which strongly ensures the efficient separation of electrons and holes in I-(BiO){sub 2}CO{sub 3} system under visible light. It provides a facile way to improve the photocatalytic activity of the wide-band-gap (BiO){sub 2}CO{sub 3} via intense doping effect of I{sup −} ions.

Comparison between measurements and OSPM calculations of NO{sub 2} at 10 street sections in Copenhagen. [OSPM - Operational Street Pollution Model]; Sammenligning af NO{sub 2}-maelinger og OSPM-beregninger for 10 gadestraekninger i Koebenhavn

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ellermann, T.; Ketzel, M.; Solvang Jensen, S.

2012-10-15

This report presents results from a comparison between measurements and model calculations of nitrogen dioxide (NO{sub 2}) at ten selected street sections in Copenhagen. Force Technology has carried out the measurements of NO{sub 2} during a few weeks period from October 24{sup th} to November 28{sup th} 2011. DCE has carried out model calculations using the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) in two stages. The model calculations at stage 1 (''blind test'') are carried out without knowledge about the results from the measurements. Model version and input data corresponds to those used for the most recent model calculations presented in the reports from 2011 for the routine monitoring programme and a surveillance project, respectively. At stage 2 input data have been updated and revised in order to analyze the differences between measured and model calculated concentrations at stage 1. This report from AU/DCE presents only the results from the model calculations and the comparison between measurements and model results. Comparison for the two permanent measurement stations at both H.C. Andersen's Boulevard (HCAB) and Jagtvej shows good agreement between measurements from Force Technology using passive sampling and measurements from DCE using the EU reference method. The results from the ''blind test'' of OSPM at stage 1 show that the OSPM calculations are in good agreement with the measurements for seven out of nine street sections. The model results show good agreement for all street sections with two sided building facades. Large discrepancies between measurements and model results are found for two street sections (Sydhavnsgade and Fredensgade) both with one sided building facades. However, there are two other street sections with one sided building facades, where the model is in good agreement with the measurements. The discrepancies observed for Sydhavnsgade and Fredensgade are therefore not solely related to

Developing methodologies for source attribution. Glass phase separation in Trinitite using NF{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koeman, Elizabeth C.; Simonetti, Antonio [Notre Dame Univ., IN (United States). Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences; McNamara, Bruce K.; Smith, Frances N. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (United States). Nuclear Chemistry and Engineering; Burns, Peter C. [Notre Dame Univ., IN (United States). Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences; Notre Dame Univ., IN (United States). Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry

2017-08-01

This study details thermal reactions between glasses, common minerals, and Trinitite post-detonation material with the fluorinating agent nitrogen trifluoride (NF{sub 3}). The ultimate goal of our investigation is to develop a relatively rapid method for the effective separation of bomb components from complex matrices resulting from a nuclear explosion. Trinitite samples, silicate minerals (quartz; plagioclase and microcline), amorphous SiO{sub 2}, calcite, a natural glass (obsidian), and two synthetic glasses were characterized extensively before and after the fluorination to fully understand the effects of the NF{sub 3} thermal treatment. Samples were reacted with NF{sub 3} using a combined thermogravimetric (TG) differential thermal analysis (DTA) unit, as well as in a stainless steel bomb reactor connected to a fluorination line. Subsequent to the NF{sub 3} treatment, samples were imaged by scanning electron microscopy in order to document changes in grain size and morphology. Energy dispersive spectroscopy was performed to determine changes in major element abundances. Results demonstrate that rates of reaction are dependent on grain size, temperature, pressure, and time of fluorination. All mineral samples experienced mass loss during fluorination. Specifically, amorphous SiO{sub 2} (∝90% mass loss) experienced the most while calcite experienced the least (∝18%). Major element analysis reveals that mass loss is attributable to the volatilization of silica (SiO{sub 2}) in Si-bearing phases, or sample decomposition in calcite due to fluorination. Results for fluorinated samples of Trinitite demonstrate that mass loss occurs at different rates for each sample, but each sample experienced an expected large decrease in Si content (resulting from volatilization of SiF{sub 4}). Hence, the concentration of metals in the residual material increased due to the volatilization of Si. These results validate that this thermal-fluorination technique allows the

Operation manual for the INEL on-line mass-separator facility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anderl, R.A.

1984-06-01

This report is an operation manual for an on-line mass-separator facility which is located in Building 661 at the Test Reactor Area of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. The facility provides mass-separated sources of short-lived fission-product radionuclides whose decay properties can be studied using a variety of nuclear spectroscopic techniques. This facility is unique in that it utilizes the gas-jet technique to transport fission products from a 252 Cf source located in a hot cell to the ion source of the mass separator. This document includes the following: (a) a detailed description of the facility, (b) identification of equipment hazards and safety controls, (c) detailed operating procedures for startup, continuous operation and shutdown, (d) operating procedures for the californium hot cell, and (e) an operator's manual for the automated moving tape collector/data acquisition system. 7 references, 16 figures, 8 tables

Superhydrophobic Cu{sub 2}S@Cu{sub 2}O film on copper surface fabricated by a facile chemical bath deposition method and its application in oil-water separation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pi, Pihui, E-mail: phpi@scut.edu.cn; Hou, Kun; Zhou, Cailong; Li, Guidong; Wen, Xiufang; Xu, Shouping; Cheng, Jiang; Wang, Shuangfeng

2017-02-28

Highlights: • A superhydrophobic film with macro/nano structure was fabricated on copper surface. • The as-prepared film shows outstanding water repellency and long-term storage stability. • The same method was used to fabricate superhydrophobic/superoleophilic copper mesh. • The obtained mesh could realize separation of various oily sewages with separation efficiency above 94%. - Abstract: Cu{sub 2}S and Cu{sub 2}O composite (Cu{sub 2}S@Cu{sub 2}O) film with micro/nano binary structure was created on copper surface using the mixing solution of sodium thiosulphate and copper sulfate by a facile chemical bath deposition method. After modification with low-cost polydimethylsioxane (PDMS), the superhydrophobic Cu{sub 2}S@Cu{sub 2}O film was obtained. The as-prepared film shows outstanding water repellency with a water contact angle larger than 150° and long-term storage stability. The geometric morphology and chemical composition of the film were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), respectively. Moreover, the same method was used to fabricate superhydrophobic/superoleophilic copper mesh, and it could realize separation of various oily sewages with separation efficiency above 94%. This strategy has potential to fabricate the practical superhydrophobic Cu{sub 2}S@Cu{sub 2}O film on copper surface on a large scale due to its simplicity and low cost.

26 CFR 1.414(r)-10 - Separate application of section 129(d)(8). [Reserved

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Separate application of section 129(d)(8). [Reserved] 1.414(r)-10 Section 1.414(r)-10 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE.... § 1.414(r)-10 Separate application of section 129(d)(8). [Reserved] ...

Total Cross-Sections of U, UO{sub 2} and ThO{sub 2} for Thermal and Subthermal Neutrons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beshai, S F [IAEA-fellow from Atomic Energy Establishment (Egypt)

1966-03-15

The total neutron cross-sections of U, UO{sub 2} and ThO{sub 2} have been measured from 0.0045 eV to 0.028 eV, using the time-of-flight technique. The samples were measured at 20 deg C. ThO{sub 2} was also measured at 750 deg C. The neutron source was the reactor Rl, Stockholm. The experimental results presented as graphs in the report show in detail the influence of Bragg scattering. The results further show that the increase of the temperature for the ThO{sub 2} sample gives an increase in the cross-section. The work also contains some calculations of the position in energy of Bragg edges for the three materials. These calculations show a very good agreement with the experiments. For uranium metal some calculations have been carried out also for the height ({sigma}{sup g}{sub hkl}) of the edges The agreement with the experiments is reasonable.

Measurement of the #betta#sub(μ) and anti #betta#sub(μ)-nucleon charged current total cross sections, and the ratio of #betta#sub(μ) neutron to #betta#sub(μ) proton charged current total cross-section

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Allasia, D.; Bisi, V.; Gamba, D.; Marzari-Chiesa, A.; Ramello, L.; Riccati, L.; Romero, A.; Bobisut, F.; Calimani, E.; Ciampolillo, S.; Huzita, H.; Loreti, M.; Sconza, A.; Bolognese, T.; Faccini-Turluer, M.L.; Louedec, C.; Mosca, L.; Vignaud, D.; Bonarelli, R.; Capiluppi, P.; Derkaoui, J.; Giacomelli, G.; Mandrioli, G.; Rossi, A.M.; Serra-Lugaresi, P.; Frodesen, A.G.; Halsteinslid, A.; Hornaes, A.

1983-04-01

This report contains an investigation performed by the Amsterdam-Bergen-Bologna-Padova-Pisa-Saclay-Torino collaboration. The total #betta#sub(μ)- and anti #betta#sub(μ)-nucleon charged current cross sections have been measured in BEBC filled with deuterium and exposed to the wide band neutrino and antineutrino beams at the CERN-SPS. Assuming a linear energy dependence for the cross sections, sigma = a Esub((anti #betta#)), the authors obtained the coefficients asub(#betta#N) = 0.60 +- 0.04 and asub(anti #betta#N) = 0.30 +- 0.02 (in units of 10 - 38 cm 2 /GeV), where the quoted error is mainly systematic. The ratio of the cross sections is sigmasub(anti #betta#N)/sigmasub(#betta#N) = 0.50 +- 0.03. They also determined the ratio of the charged current cross section for neutrino interactions on neutrons and protons R = sigmasub(#betta#n)/sigmasub(#betta#p) = 2.10 +- 0.08 (stat.) +- 0.22 (syst.). The dependence of R on the variables x, y and Esub(#betta#) is discussed. (Auth.)

Total reaction cross sections and neutron-removal cross sections of neutron-rich light nuclei measured by the COMBAS fragment-separator

Science.gov (United States)

Hue, B. M.; Isataev, T.; Erdemchimeg, B.; Artukh, A. G.; Aznabaev, D.; Davaa, S.; Klygin, S. A.; Kononenko, G. A.; Khuukhenkhuu, G.; Kuterbekov, K.; Lukyanov, S. M.; Mikhailova, T. I.; Maslov, V. A.; Mendibaev, K.; Sereda, Yu M.; Penionzhkevich, Yu E.; Vorontsov, A. N.

2017-12-01

Preliminary results of measurements of the total reaction cross sections σR and neutron removal cross section σ-xn for weakly bound 6He, 8Li, 9Be and 10Be nuclei at energy range (20-35) A MeV with 28Si target is presented. The secondary beams of light nuclei were produced by bombardment of the 22Ne (35 A MeV) primary beam on Be target and separated by COMBAS fragment-separator. In dispersive focal plane a horizontal slit defined the momentum acceptance as 1% and a wedge degrader of 200 μm Al was installed. The Bρ of the second section of the fragment-separator was adjusted for measurements in energy range (20-35) A MeV. Two-neutron removal cross sections for 6He and 10Be and one -neutron removal cross sections 8Li and 9Be were measured.

Performance test of PSA-type O{sub 2} separator for efficient O{sub 2} supply to room ventilation system combined with CO{sub 2} adsorption module

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Han, Gi Bo; Jang, Jung Hee; Choi, Changsik [Institute for Advanced Engineering, Yongin (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Tae Jin [School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan (Korea, Republic of)

2016-04-15

High purity O{sub 2} concentrated by the PSA-type O{sub 2} separator was applied to a room ventilation system combined with CO{sub 2} adsorption module to remove the indoor CO{sub 2} for the indoor air quality. And then the room was occupied by several persons to breathe for the O{sub 2} consumption and CO{sub 2} generation. As a result, the indoor air quality was improved by the ventilation system combined with the O{sub 2} supply and the CO{sub 2} adsorption module. It was due to the fact that the CO{sub 2} concentration was not steeply increased, but also even decreased and then the increasing rate of the O{sub 2} concentration with the O{sub 2} supply was simultaneously increased by the CO{sub 2} removal despite the CO{sub 2} generation and O{sub 2} consumption with the four persons' breathing. As a representative result, in the case of supplying the high purity O{sub 2} of 30 L/min under using the CO{sub 2} adsorption module, the best performance with the highest increasing rate of O{sub 2} concentration and the lowest increasing rate of CO{sub 2} concentration was obtained among the various cases, and then the increasing rates of CO{sub 2} radiation and O{sub 2} concentration were -2.3 ppm/min and 33.3%/min, respectively.

Automated separation of touching grains in digital images of thin sections

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van den Berg, E.H.; Meesters, A.G.C.A.; Kenter, J.A.M.; Schlager, W.

2002-01-01

The determination of textural properties of granular material with image analysis is generally troubled by the fact that touching grain sections merge into single features. Without separation of these touching grain sections, the textural properties derived from the images contain substantial bias.

Communication: Rovibrationally selected absolute total cross sections for the reaction H{sub 2}O{sup +}(X{sup 2}B{sub 1}; v{sub 1}{sup +}v{sub 2}{sup +}v{sub 3}{sup +}= 000; N{sup +}{sub Ka+Kc+)}+ D{sub 2}: Observation of the rotational enhancement effect

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xu Yuntao; Xiong Bo; Chang, Yih Chung; Ng, C. Y. [Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (United States)

2012-12-28

By employing the newly established vacuum ultraviolet laser pulsed field ionization-photoion (PFI-PI) double quadrupole-double octopole ion guide apparatus, we have measured the rovibrationally selected absolute total cross sections of the ion-molecule reaction H{sub 2}O{sup +}(X{sup 2}B{sub 1}; v{sub 1}{sup +}v{sub 2}{sup +}v{sub 3}{sup +}= 000; N{sup +}{sub Ka+Kc+)}+ D{sub 2}{yields} H{sub 2}DO{sup +}+ D in the center-of-mass collision energy (E{sub cm}) range of 0.05-10.00 eV. The pulsing scheme used for the generation of PFI-PIs has made possible the preparation of reactant H{sub 2}O{sup +}(X{sup 2}B{sub 1}; v{sub 1}{sup +}v{sub 2}{sup +}v{sub 3}{sup +}= 000) ions in single N{sup +}{sub Ka+Kc+} rotational levels with high kinetic energy resolutions. The absolute total cross sections observed in different N{sup +}{sub Ka+Kc+} levels with rotational energies in the range of 0-200 cm{sup -1} were found to exhibit a significant rotational enhancement on the reactivity for the titled reaction. In contrast, the measured cross sections reveal a decreasing trend with increasing E{sub cm}, indicating that the rotational enhancement observed is not a total energy effect, but a dynamical effect. Furthermore, the rotational enhancement is found to be more pronounced as E{sub cm} is decreased. This experiment provided evidence that the coupling of the core rotational angular momentum with the orbital angular momentum could play a role in chemical reactivity, particularly at low E{sub cm}.

Proton induced L{sub 1}, L{sub 2}, L{sub 3}-sub-shell X-ray production cross sections of Hf and Au

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bertol, A.P.L., E-mail: anapaula.bertol@gmail.com [Programa de Pós-graduação em Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil); Hinrichs, R. [Programa de Pós-graduação em Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil); Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil); Vasconcellos, M.A.Z. [Programa de Pós-graduação em Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil); Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil)

2015-11-15

Experimental data for proton induced X-ray production cross sections of L-sub-shells of Hf and Au were obtained, in order to contribute to the existing data sets and to support refinements of the ECPSSR theory. X-ray emissions of mono-elemental 10 nm films of Hf and Au were excited with 0.7–1.5 MeV protons. The measured L-line spectra were fitted assuming Gaussian shapes and constraining peak positions and line widths. The transition energy values used to establish peak positions were based on values proposed in the literature, while the line widths were matched to the detector resolution, obtained independently. The intensity of each line was obtained from the adjusted areas, without the use of emission rates. The line intensities were summed in α, β, γ, and ℓ groups to validate the measurements by comparison with existing data, and in L{sub 1}, L{sub 2}, L{sub 3}-sub-shells for comparison with ECPSSR-UA theory. Ratios of the emission rates of lines of the same sub-shell were obtained and compared with the data from the literature.

Algebraic Properties of Quasihomogeneous and Separately Quasihomogeneous Toeplitz Operators on the Pluriharmonic Bergman Space

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hongyan Guan

2013-01-01

Full Text Available We study some algebraic properties of Toeplitz operator with quasihomogeneous or separately quasihomogeneous symbol on the pluriharmonic Bergman space of the unit ball in ℂn. We determine when the product of two Toeplitz operators with certain separately quasi-homogeneous symbols is a Toeplitz operator. Next, we discuss the zero-product problem for several Toeplitz operators, one of whose symbols is separately quasihomogeneous and the others are quasi-homogeneous functions, and show that the zero-product problem for two Toeplitz operators has only a trivial solution if one of the symbols is separately quasihomogeneous and the other is arbitrary. Finally, we also characterize the commutativity of certain quasihomogeneous or separately quasihomogeneous Toeplitz operators.

Rosenbluth separation of the $\\pi^0$ electroproduction cross section

OpenAIRE

Defurne, M.; Mazouz, M.; Albataineh, H.; Allada, K.; Aniol, K. A.; Bellini, V.; Benali, M.; Boeglin, W.; Bertin, P.; Brossard, M.; Camsonne, A.; Canan, M.; Chandavar, S.; Chen, C.; Chen, J. -P.

2016-01-01

We present deeply virtual $\\pi^0$ electroproduction cross-section measurements at $x_B$=0.36 and three different $Q^2$--values ranging from 1.5 to 2 GeV$^2$, obtained from experiment E07-007 that ran in the Hall A at Jefferson Lab. The Rosenbluth technique was used to separate the longitudinal and transverse responses. Results demonstrate that the cross section is dominated by its transverse component, and thus is far from the asymptotic limit predicted by perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics....

Phase separation and exchange bias effect in Ca doped EuCrO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Deng, Dongmei, E-mail: dmdeng@shu.edu.cn [Department of Physics and Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 (China); Wang, Xingyu; Zheng, Jiashun; Qian, Xiaolong [Department of Physics and Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 (China); Yu, Dehong; Sun, Dehui [Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232 (Australia); Jing, Chao [Department of Physics and Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 (China); Lu, Bo [Analysis and Measurement Center and Laboratory for Microstructures of Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 (China); Kang, Baojuan; Cao, Shixun; Zhang, Jincang [Department of Physics and Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 (China)

2015-12-01

The rare-earth chromites have attracted increasing interests in recent years, as a member of a few single-phase multiferroic materials. We studied the structure and magnetic property of a series of Ca-doped EuCrO{sub 3} samples by using X-ray powder diffraction and Physical Property Measurement System. Phase separation, rotation of magnetization in M(T) curve and exchange bias effect have been identified. The Eu{sub 0.7}Ca{sub 0.3}CrO{sub 3} polycrystalline sample may be intrinsically phase-separated, with Cr{sup 3+}-rich, Cr{sup 4+}-rich canted antiferromagnetic regions surrounded by spin glass-like frustrated phase, resulting in several magnetic features including: (1) a broad and slow increase of M(T) curve with the decrease of temperature; (2) rotation of magnetization with increasing cooling field; (3) exchange bias and glassy magnetism. The rotation of magnetization is ascribed to the rotation of the moment of Cr{sup 4+}-rich regions, arising from the competition between exchange coupling energy and magnetostatic energy. The exchange bias effect suggests the formation of weak ferromagnetic unidirectional anisotropy during field cooling, due to the exchange coupling among weak ferromagnetic domains and surrounding spin glass-like regions. This result helps understanding the interaction among different magnetic domains and phases in a complex system. - Highlights: • Exchange bias effect and glassy magnetism were observed in Eu{sub 0.7}Ca{sub 0.3}CrO{sub 3}. • Rotation of the moments of Cr{sup 4+}-rich regions result in the rotation of magnetization in M(T) curve. • Spin glass-like regions contribute to the observed exchange bias effect.

Enantioselective separation of dansyl-DL-amino acids and some racemates on "click" functionalized native α-cyclodextrin based sub-2 μm columns.

Science.gov (United States)

Ai, Feng; Wang, Yong; Chen, Hui; Yang, Yanhui; Tan, Timothy Thatt Yang; Ng, Siu-Choon

2013-04-21

The current work demonstrates that native α-cyclodextrin, anchored onto sub-2 μm silica particles via "click" reactions and packed into a 5 cm column, was found to be effective for the resolution of 11 pairs of dansyl-DL-amino acids (DAAs) using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). All DAAs were completely or partially separated on the column and the resolution achieved for 7 pairs of DAAs was significantly greater than 1.5. It was found that the buffer type exerted a profound impact on the separation. The effects of analyte substituents adjacent to the chiral center of analytes as well as operation conditions with respect to the separation efficiency were discussed. Five racemic compounds with single or double rings also got resolved on this short α-CD column to some extent.

Soil washing physical separations test procedure - 300-FF-1 operable unit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Belden, R.D.

1993-10-08

This procedure provides the operations approach, a field sampling plan, and laboratory procedures for a soil washing test to be conducted by Alternative Remedial Technologies, Inc. (ART) in the 300-FF-1 area at the Hanford site. The {open_quotes}Quality Assurance Project Plan for the Soil Washing Physical Separations Test, 300-FF-1 Operable Unit,{close_quotes} Hanford, Washington, Alternative Remedial Technologies, Inc., February 1994 (QAPP) is provided in a separate document that presents the procedural and organizational guidelines for this test. This document describes specifications, responsibilities, and general procedures to be followed to conduct physical separation soil treatability tests in the North Process Pond of the 300-FF-1 Operable Unit (OU) at the Hanford Site. These procedures are based on the {open_quotes}300-FF-1 Physical Separations CERCLA Treatability Test Plan, DOE/RL 92-2l,{close_quotes} (DOE-RL 1993).

Soil washing physical separations test procedure - 300-FF-1 operable unit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Belden, R.D.

1993-01-01

This procedure provides the operations approach, a field sampling plan, and laboratory procedures for a soil washing test to be conducted by Alternative Remedial Technologies, Inc. (ART) in the 300-FF-1 area at the Hanford site. The open-quotes Quality Assurance Project Plan for the Soil Washing Physical Separations Test, 300-FF-1 Operable Unit,close quotes Hanford, Washington, Alternative Remedial Technologies, Inc., February 1994 (QAPP) is provided in a separate document that presents the procedural and organizational guidelines for this test. This document describes specifications, responsibilities, and general procedures to be followed to conduct physical separation soil treatability tests in the North Process Pond of the 300-FF-1 Operable Unit (OU) at the Hanford Site. These procedures are based on the open-quotes 300-FF-1 Physical Separations CERCLA Treatability Test Plan, DOE/RL 92-2l,close quotes (DOE-RL 1993)

L{sub {iota}}, L{sub {alpha}}, L{sub {beta}} and L{sub {gamma}} X-ray fluorescence cross-sections of heavy elements for the exciting photons energy 38.18, 43.95, 50.21 and 59.5 keV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bastug, Arif [Department of Physics Education, College of Education, Erzincan University, 24030 Erzincan (Turkey)], E-mail: abastug40@hotmail.com

2008-03-15

The cross-sections for the production of L{sub {iota}}, L{sub {alpha}}, L{sub {beta}} and L{sub {gamma}} X-ray fluorescence (XRF) in Er, Ta, W, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb and Bi by photons with energies in the range 38-59.5 keV have been measured, using a standard doublereflection experimental set-up. Measurements have been performed using an annular 241 Am primary source and X-ray emitting secondary-exciter system. Experimental cross-sections have been compared with the theoretically calculated values of L X-ray cross-sections and fairly good agreement is observed between the experimental and theoretical values.

Enhanced field emission from PbTiO{sub 3} nanodots prepared by phase separation approach

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li Jinna; Luo Ming [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China); Weng Wenjian, E-mail: wengwj@zju.edu.cn [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China); Cheng Kui; Du Piyi; Shen Ge; Han Gaorong [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China)

2009-10-15

Uniformly distributed PbTiO{sub 3} nanodots were successfully prepared by phase separation approach. A precursor sol film was first spin-coated on Si wafer and then spontaneously separated into two distinct phases owing to the Marangoni instability. PT nanodots with tailorable size and density were obtained after further heat treatment. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that these nanodots showed a perovskite structure. An excellent room temperature field emission property of PbTiO{sub 3} nanodots was observed: the minimum turn-on voltage was about 5.3 V/{mu}m; while the emission current density reached about 270 {mu}A cm{sup -2} at an applied field of about 9.25 V/{mu}m.

Effect of natural homointerfaces on the magnetic properties of pseudomorphic La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3} thin film: Phase separation vs split domain structure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Congiu, Francesco [Dipartimento di Fisica e CNISM, Università di Cagliari, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu, km 0.700, I 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari (Italy); Sanna, Carla [Sardegna Ricerche, Laboratorio Energetica Elettrica, VI Strada Ovest - Z.I.Macchiareddu, I 09010 Uta, Cagliari (Italy); Maritato, Luigi [CNR-SPIN, UOS Salerno, I 84084 Fisciano, Salerno (Italy); Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Ingegneria Elettrica e Matematica Applicata, Università di Salerno, I 84084 Fisciano, Salerno (Italy); Orgiani, Pasquale [CNR-SPIN, UOS Salerno, I 84084 Fisciano, Salerno (Italy); Geddo Lehmann, Alessandra, E-mail: lehmann@dsf.unica.it [Dipartimento di Fisica e CNISM, Università di Cagliari, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu, km 0.700, I 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari (Italy)

2016-12-15

We studied the effect of naturally formed homointerfaces on the magnetic and electric transport behavior of a heavily twinned, 40 nm thick, pseudomorphic epitaxial film of La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3} deposited by molecular beam epitaxy on ferroelastic LaAlO{sub 3}(001) substrate. As proved by high resolution X-ray diffraction analysis, the lamellar twin structure of the substrate is imprinted in La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3}. In spite of the pronounced thermomagnetic irreversibility in the DC low field magnetization, spin-glass-like character, possibly related to the structural complexity, was ruled out, on the base of AC susceptibility results. The magnetic characterization indicates anisotropic ferromagnetism, with a saturation magnetization M{sub s} = 3.2 μ{sub B}/Mn, slightly reduced with respect to the fully polarized value of 3.7 μ{sub B}/Mn. The low field DC magnetization vs temperature is non bulklike, with a two step increase in the field cooled M{sub FC}(T) branch and a two peak structure in the zero field cooled M{sub ZFC}(T) one. Correspondingly, two peaks are present in the resistivity vs temperature ρ(T) curve. With reference to the behavior of epitaxial manganites deposited on bicrystal substrates, results are discussed in terms of a two phase model, in which each couple of adjacent ferromagnetic twin cores, with bulklike T{sub C} = 370 K, is separated by a twin boundary with lower Curie point T{sub C} = 150 K, acting as barrier for spin polarized transport. The two phase scenario is compared with the alternative one based on a single ferromagnetic phase with the peculiar ferromagnetic domains structure inherent to twinned manganites films, reported to be split into interconnected and spatially separated regions with in-plane and out-of-plane magnetization, coinciding with twin cores and twin boundaries respectively.

Innovative CO{sub 2} separation process for biogas upgrading using polymeric resins; Innovatives CO{sub 2}-Abscheideverfahren zur Biogasaufbereitung mit Hilfe von Polymerharzen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Harrivelle, Carole; Safai, Daniel; Raab, Katharina; Klein, Barbara [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Abt. Brennstoffe und Rauchgasreinigung; Scheffknecht, Guenter

2016-08-01

Upgraded biogas can be injected into the natural gas grid. The Institute of Combustion and Power Plant Technology (IFK) is investigating several innovative biogas upgrading processes with the aim to develop treatment methods adapted for small biogas plants. This paper presents a process to separate CO{sub 2} from CH{sub 4} by concentration swig adsorption using an amine functionalized polymer resin. The experiments were carried out at a continuous laboratory scale plant. The results are compared with previous experiments from earlier work at the IFK. The new resin shows a significant increase of working capacity and CH{sub 4} purity as well as a decrease of CH{sub 4} loss.

14 CFR Section 19 - Uniform Classification of Operating Statistics

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... Statistics Section 19 Section 19 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION... AIR CARRIERS Operating Statistics Classifications Section 19 Uniform Classification of Operating Statistics ...

Extending the Operational Envelope of a Turbofan Engine Simulation into the Sub-Idle Region

Science.gov (United States)

Chapman, Jeffryes Walter; Hamley, Andrew J.; Guo, Ten-Huei; Litt, Jonathan S.

2016-01-01

In many non-linear gas turbine simulations, operation in the sub-idle region can lead to model instability. This paper lays out a method for extending the operational envelope of a map based gas turbine simulation to include the sub-idle region. This method develops a multi-simulation solution where the baseline component maps are extrapolated below the idle level and an alternate model is developed to serve as a safety net when the baseline model becomes unstable or unreliable. Sub-idle model development takes place in two distinct operational areas, windmilling/shutdown and purge/cranking/startup. These models are based on derived steady state operating points with transient values extrapolated between initial (known) and final (assumed) states. Model transitioning logic is developed to predict baseline model sub-idle instability, and transition smoothly and stably to the backup sub-idle model. Results from the simulation show a realistic approximation of sub-idle behavior as compared to generic sub-idle engine performance that allows the engine to operate continuously and stably from shutdown to full power.

Advanced Palladium Membrane Scale-up for Hydrogen Separation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Emerson, Sean; Magdefrau, Neal; She, Ying; Thibaud-Erkey, Catherine

2012-10-31

The main objective of this project was to construct, test, and demonstrate a Pd-Cu metallic tubular membrane micro-channel separator capable of producing 2 lb day{sup -1} H{sub 2} at 95% recovery when operating downstream of an actual coal gasifier. A key milestone for the project was to complete a pilot-scale gasifier test by 1 September 2011 and demonstrate the separation of 2 lb day{sup -1} H{sub 2} to verify progress toward the DOE's goals prior to down-selection for larger-scale (100 lb day{sup -1}) hydrogen separator development. Three different pilot-scale (1.5 ft{sup 2}) separators were evaluated downstream of coal gasifiers during four different tests and the key project milestone was achieved in August 2011, ahead of schedule. During three of those tests, all of the separators demonstrated or exceeded the targeted separation rate of 2 lb day{sup -1} H{sub 2}. The separator design was proved to be leak tight and durable in the presence of gasifier exhaust contaminants at temperatures and pressures up to 500 °C and 500 psia. The contaminants in the coal gasifier syngas for the most part had negligible impact on separator performance, with H{sub 2} partial pressure being the greatest determinant of membrane performance. Carbon monoxide and low levels of H{sub 2}S (<39 ppmv) had no effect on H{sub 2} permeability, in agreement with laboratory experiments. However, higher levels of H{sub 2}S (>100 ppmv) were shown to significantly reduce H{sub 2} separation performance. The presence of trace metals, including mercury and arsenic, appeared to have no effect based on the experimental data. Subscale Pd-Cu coupon tests further quantified the impact of H{sub 2}S on irreversible sulfide formation in the UTRC separators. Conditions that have a thermodynamic driving force to form coke were found to reduce the performance of the separators, presumably by blockage of effective separation area with carbon deposits. However, it was demonstrated that both in situ

GreenChill Store Certification Protocol for Sub-Cooling Contained on Racks Separate from Refrigeration Equipment

Science.gov (United States)

Document describes the protocol used to determine the total load and refrigerant charge of stores that have placed all sub-cooling on a rack separate from all other commercial refrigeration equipment.

Modeling and flowsheet design of an Am separation process using TODGA and H{sub 4}TPAEN

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vanel, V.; Marie, C.; Montuir, M.; Boubals, N.; Sorel, C. [CEA, Centre de Marcoule, Nuclear Energy Division, Radiochemistry and Processes Department, Bagnols-sur-Ceze, F-30207 (France); Kaufholz, P.; Modolo, G. [Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Nuclear Waste Management and Reactor Safety, D-52428 (Germany); Geist, A. [Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie - KIT, Institut fuer Nukleare Entsorgung - INE, Karlsruhe (Germany)

2016-07-01

Recycling americium from spent fuels is an important consideration for the future nuclear fuel cycle, as americium is the main contributor to the long-term radiotoxicity and heat power of the final waste, after separation of uranium and plutonium using the PUREX process. The separation of americium alone from a PUREX raffinate can be achieved by co-extracting lanthanide (Ln(III)) and actinide (An(III)) cations into an organic phase containing the diglycolamide extractant TODGA, and then stripping Am(III) with selectivity towards Cm(III) and lanthanides. The water soluble ligand H{sub 4}TPAEN was tested to selectively strip Am from a loaded organic phase. Based on experimental data obtained by Juelich, NNL and CEA laboratories since 2013, a phenomenological model has been developed to simulate the behavior of americium, curium and lanthanides during their extraction by TODGA and their complexation by H{sub 4}TPAEN (complex stoichiometry, extraction and complexation constants, kinetics). The model was gradually implemented in the PAREX code and helped to narrow down the best operating conditions. Thus, the following 2 modifications of initial operating conditions were proposed: -) an increase in the concentration of TPAEN as much as the solubility limit allows, and -) an improvement of the lanthanide scrubbing from the americium flow by adding nitrates to the aqueous phase. A qualification of the model was begun by comparing on the one hand constants determined with the model to those measured experimentally, and on the other hand, simulation results and experimental data on new independent batch experiments. A first sensitivity analysis identified which parameter has the most dominant effect on the process. A flowsheet was proposed for a spiked test in centrifugal contactors performed with a simulated PUREX raffinate with trace amounts of Am and Cm. If the feasibility of the process is confirmed, the results of this test will be used to consolidate the model and to

The maximal U(1){sub L} inverse seesaw from d = 5 operator and oscillating asymmetric Sneutrino dark matter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kang, Zhaofeng [Korea Institute for Advanced Study, School of Physics, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Frontiers in Theoretical Physics, Beijing (China); Li, Jinmian [Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Frontiers in Theoretical Physics, Beijing (China); University of Adelaide, ARC Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Terascale and CSSM, Department of Physics, Adelaide, SA (Australia); Li, Tianjun [Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Frontiers in Theoretical Physics, Beijing (China); University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, School of Physical Electronics, Chengdu (China); Liu, Tao [University of Alberta, Department of Physics, Edmonton, Alberta (Canada); Yang, Jin Min [Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Frontiers in Theoretical Physics, Beijing (China)

2016-05-15

The maximal U(1){sub L} supersymmetric inverse seesaw mechanism (MLSIS) provides a natural way to relate asymmetric darkmatter (ADM)with neutrino physics. In this paper we point out that MLSIS is a natural outcome if one dynamically realizes the inverse seesaw mechanism in the next-to minimal supersymmetric standard model (NMSSM) via the dimension-five operator (N){sup 2}S{sup 2}/M{sub *}, with S the NMSSM singlet developing TeV scale VEV; it slightly violates lepton number due to the suppression by the fundamental scale M{sub *}, thus preserving U(1){sub L} maximally. The resulting sneutrino is a distinguishable ADM candidate, oscillating and favored to have weak scale mass. A fairly large annihilating cross section of such a heavy ADM is available due to the presence of singlet. (orig.)

The O({alpha}{sup 3}{sub s}n{sub f}T{sup 2}{sub F}C{sub A,F}) contributions to the gluonic massive operator matrix elements

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bluemlein, Johannes; Hasselhuhn, Alexander [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen (Germany); Klein, Sebastian [Technische Hochschule Aachen (Germany). Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik E; Schneider, Carsten [Johannes Kepler Univ., Linz (Austria). Research Inst. for Symbolic Computation

2012-05-15

The O({alpha}{sub s}{sup 3}n{sub f}T{sub F}{sup 2}C{sub A,F}) terms to the massive gluonic operator matrix elements are calculated for general values of the Mellin variable N. These twist-2 matrix elements occur as transition functions in the variable flavor number scheme at NNLO. The calculation uses sum-representations in generalized hypergeometric series turning into harmonic sums. The analytic continuation to complex values of N is provided.

Antisite-disorder driven large exchange bias effect in phase separated La{sub 1.5}Ca{sub 0.5}CoMnO{sub 6} double perovskite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sahoo, R.C.; Paladhi, D. [Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 (India); Dasgupta, Papri; Poddar, A. [Experimental Condensed Matter Physics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, West Bengal (India); Singh, Ripandeep; Das, A. [Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India); Nath, T.K., E-mail: tnath@phy.iitkgp.ernet.in [Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 (India)

2017-04-15

Investigations of structural and magnetic properties of polycrystalline hole doped double perovskite La{sub 1.5}Ca{sub 0.5}CoMnO{sub 6} has clearly revealed the existence of structural antisite-disorder (either, Co–O–Co or Mn–O–Mn) in the system. The ordering of Co{sup 2+} and Mn{sup 4+} gives rise to a ferromagnetic transition around 157 K. A spin-canted antiferromagnetic transition is found in this material at T{sub CAFM} ~9 K. The effect of antisite-disorder in the double perovskite structure is most likely the prime reason for antiferromagnetic interaction. The temperature dependent inverse susceptibility exhibits Curie-Weiss like behaviour and it yields an effective paramagnetic moment of 6.49 μ{sub B}. At very low temperature (Tsub CAFM}), it shows a strong hysteresis loop shift with large exchange bias (EB) field of H{sub EB} ~5.5 kOe and can be tuned by the cooling field. The presence of zero-field cooled spontaneous EB effect (P-type and N-type) is confirmed to be not an experimental artefact - an inherent property of this double perovskite material. A phenomenological model has been proposed to explain the exchange coupling between the ferromagnetic and canted-antiferromagnetic interfaces of antisite-disordered La{sub 1.5}Ca{sub 0.5}CoMnO{sub 6} mainly on the basis of uncompensated interface spins. - Highlights: • Large exchange bias (EB) effect has been observed in 25% Ca doped La{sub 2}CoMnO{sub 6} antisite-disordered system. • Neutron powder diffraction analysis clearly suggested canted antiferromagnetic spin ordering at low temperature in our phase separated system. • A phenomenological model has been proposed for experimental results. • The results may be useful to acquire enough information about exchange biased interfaces for various magnetic device applications.

Diagonalization of Bounded Linear Operators on Separable Quaternionic Hilbert Space

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feng Youling; Cao, Yang; Wang Haijun

2012-01-01

By using the representation of its complex-conjugate pairs, we have investigated the diagonalization of a bounded linear operator on separable infinite-dimensional right quaternionic Hilbert space. The sufficient condition for diagonalizability of quaternionic operators is derived. The result is applied to anti-Hermitian operators, which is essential for solving Schroedinger equation in quaternionic quantum mechanics.

Measurement of the cross section for forward Compton scattering by /sup 4//sub 2/ He nuclei at energies E/sub. gamma. / = 1. 8--3. 8 GeV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aleksanyan, A.S.; Babayan, G.E.; Voskanyan, A.V.; Gasparyan, A.D.; Gevorkyan, S.R.; Karapetyan, S.N.; Ketikyan, A.Z.; Megrabyan, G.K.; Movsisyan, K.A.; Oganesyan, G.A.; and others

1987-04-01

The differential cross sections for Compton scattering by nuclei of /sup 4//sub 2/ He have been measured at the momentum transfers 0.02less than or equal tochemically bondtchemically bond<0.14 (GeV/c)/sup 2/ in the energy region E/sub ..gamma../ = 1.8--3.8 GeV. On the basis of the diffraction theory of multiple scattering the values of the differential cross sections at t = 0, of the slope parameters of the diffraction cone, and of the /sup 4//sub 2/ He nucleus radius have been determined. Experimental values are given for the phase of the scattering amplitude by nucleons, ..cap alpha..( f/sup 0//sub i/) = Re f/sup 0//sub i// Im f/sup 0//sub i/. On the basis of the differential cross sections at t = 0 the total photoabsorption cross section and the photon screening coefficient are determined for the /sup 4//sub 2/ He nucleus.

Evaluation of sub grid scale and local wall models in Large-eddy simulations of separated flow

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sam Ali Al

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The performance of the Sub Grid Scale models is studied by simulating a separated flow over a wavy channel. The first and second order statistical moments of the resolved velocities obtained by using Large-Eddy simulations at different mesh resolutions are compared with Direct Numerical Simulations data. The effectiveness of modeling the wall stresses by using local log-law is then tested on a relatively coarse grid. The results exhibit a good agreement between highly-resolved Large Eddy Simulations and Direct Numerical Simulations data regardless the Sub Grid Scale models. However, the agreement is less satisfactory with relatively coarse grid without using any wall models and the differences between Sub Grid Scale models are distinguishable. Using local wall model retuned the basic flow topology and reduced significantly the differences between the coarse meshed Large-Eddy Simulations and Direct Numerical Simulations data. The results show that the ability of local wall model to predict the separation zone depends strongly on its implementation way.

Measurement of the cross section for the process ν/sub μ/ + e- → ν/sub μ/ + e- at high energies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baltay, C.; Caroumbalis, D.; French, H.

1978-01-01

There were 11 events of the reaction ν/sub μ/ + e - → ν/sub μ/ + e - observed in a sample of 106,000 charged current neutrino interactions in a heavy neon--hydrogen mixture in the 15 ft. bubble chamber at Fermilab. A cross section was obtained for this process of (1.8 +- 0.8) x 10 -42 E/sub ν/ cm -2 , where E/sub ν/ is the incident neutrino energy in units of GeV. This result is in good agreement with the prediction of the Weinberg--Salam model with sin 2 theta/sub w/ = 0.2. 10 references

The O({alpha}{sub s}{sup 3}n{sub f}T{sub F}{sup 2}C{sub A,F}) contributions to the gluonic massive operator matrix elements

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bluemlein, Johannes, E-mail: johannes.bluemlein@desy.de [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen (Germany); Hasselhuhn, Alexander [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen (Germany); Klein, Sebastian [Institute for Theoretical Physics E, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen (Germany); Schneider, Carsten [Research Institute for Symbolic Computation (RISC), Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz (Austria)

2013-01-11

The O({alpha}{sub s}{sup 3}n{sub f}T{sub F}{sup 2}C{sub A,F}) terms to the massive gluonic operator matrix elements are calculated for general values of the Mellin variable N using a new summation technique. These twist-2 matrix elements occur as transition functions in the variable flavor number scheme at NNLO. The calculation uses sum-representations in generalized hypergeometric series turning into harmonic sums. The analytic continuation to complex values of N is provided.

CsSc{sub 3}F{sub 6}[SeO{sub 3}]{sub 2}. A new rare-earth metal(III) fluoride oxoselenate(IV) with sections of the ReO{sub 3}-type structure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Greiner, Stefan; Schleid, Thomas [Institut fuer Anorganische Chemie, Universitaet Stuttgart (Germany)

2017-09-04

A new representative of rare-earth metal(III) fluoride oxoselenates(IV) derivatized with alkali metals could be synthesized via solid-state reactions. Colorless single crystals of CsSc{sub 3}F{sub 6}[SeO{sub 3}]{sub 2} were obtained through the reaction of Sc{sub 2}O{sub 3}, ScF{sub 3}, and SeO{sub 2} (molar ratio 1:1:3) with CsBr as reactant and fluxing agent. For this purpose, corundum crucibles embedded as liners into evacuated silica ampoules were applied as containers for these reactions at 700 C for seven days. The new quintenary compound crystallizes in the trigonal space group P3m1 with a = 565.34(4) and c = 1069.87(8) pm (c/a = 1.892) for Z = 1. The crystal structure of CsSc{sub 3}F{sub 6}[SeO{sub 3}]{sub 2} contains two crystallographically different Sc{sup 3+} cations. Each (Sc1){sup 3+} is surrounded by six fluoride anions as octahedron, while the octahedra about (Sc2){sup 3+} are formed by three fluoride anions and three oxygen atoms from three terminal [SeO{sub 3}]{sup 2-} anions. The [(Sc1)F{sub 6}]{sup 3-} octahedra link via common F{sup -} vertices to six fac-[(Sc2)F{sub 3}O{sub 3}]{sup 6-} octahedra forming {sup 2}{sub ∞}{[Sc_3F_6O_6]"9"-} layers parallel to (001). These layers are separated by oxygen-coordinated Cs{sup +} cations (C.N. = 12), arranging for the charge compensation, while Se{sup 4+} cations within the layers surrounded by three oxygen atoms as ψ{sup 1}-tetrahedral [SeO{sub 3}]{sup 2-} units complete the structure. EDX measurements confirmed the composition of the title compound and single-crystal Raman studies showed the typical vibrational modes of isolated [SeO{sub 3}]{sup 2-} anions with ideal C{sub 3v} symmetry. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Mixed Metal Phosphonate- Phosphate Resins for Separation of Lanthanides from Actinides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Clearfield, Abraham [Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)

2017-10-24

As indicated in the previous annual report the goals of this project are to develop procedures for efficient separation of lanthanides from actinides and curium from americium. These processes are required for the nuclear fuel cycle to minimize the waste and recover the valuable actinides. The basis for our study is that we have prepared a group of compounds that are porous and favor the uptake of ions with charges 3+ and 4+ over ions of lesser charge. The general formula for these materials is M(O<sub>3sub>PC>6sub>H>4sub>PO>3sub>)>1-x/2sub>(APO>4sub>)x·nH>2sub>O: where M=Zr⁴⁺, Sn⁴⁺, A=H, Na, or K and X=O, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.33 and 1.61-3. One of our tasks is to determine which members of this group of compounds are effective in carrying out the required separations. A difficulty in obtaining this required information is that the compounds are amorphous. That is they are not crystalline, therefore we need to resort to synchrotron data to obtain structural data which will be presented in detail. This information will be provided as a separate section.

nu/sub μ/C12 → μ-X cross section and nu/sub μ/ - nu/sub e/ oscillation using the decay-in-flight source at Line-E of LAMPF

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Clearwater, S.

1984-01-01

This paper describes an experiment to measure the nu/sub μ/C 12 → μ - X cross section and to detect nu/sub μ/ - nu/sub e/ oscillations. A test run was completed last year. The detector has been calibrated and backgrounds are under study. The sensitivity of the experiment is estimated for the 1985 LAMPF run cycle to be +-20% for the cross section measurement and the 90% confidence level limits for the neutrino oscillation experiment are sin 2 2THETA -3 and Δm 2 -1 eV 2

Effect of composition on the spontaneous emission probabilities, stimulated emission cross-sections and local environment of Tm{sup 3+} in TeO{sub 2}-WO{sub 3} glass

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oezen, G. E-mail: gozenl@itu.edu.tr; Aydinli, A.; Cenk, S.; Sennaroglu, A

2003-04-01

Effect of composition on the structure, spontaneous and stimulated emission probabilities of various 1.0 mol% Tm{sub 2}O{sub 3} doped (1-x)TeO{sub 2}+(x)WO{sub 3} glasses were investigated using Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV/VIS/NIR) absorption and luminescence measurements. Absorption measurements in the UV/VIS/NIR region were used to determine spontaneous emission probabilities for the 4f-4f transitions of Tm{sup 3+} ions. Six absorption bands corresponding to the absorption of the {sup 1}G{sub 4}, {sup 3}F{sub 2}, {sup 3}F{sub 3} and {sup 3}F{sub 4}, {sup 3}H{sub 5} and {sup 3}H{sub 4} levels from the {sup 3}H{sub 6} ground level were observed. Integrated absorption cross-section of each band except that of {sup 3}H{sub 5} level was found to vary with the glass composition. Luminescence spectra of the samples were measured upon 457.9 nm excitation. Three emission bands centered at 476 nm ({sup 1}G{sub 4}{yields}{sup 3}H{sub 6} transition), 651 nm ({sup 1}G{sub 4}{yields}{sup 3}H{sub 4} transition) and 800 nm ({sup 1}G{sub 4}{yields}{sup 3}H{sub 5} transition) were observed. Spontaneous emission cross-sections together with the luminescence spectra measured upon 457.9 nm excitation were used to determine the stimulated emission cross-sections of these emissions. The effect of glass composition on the Judd-Ofelt parameters and therefore on the spontaneous and the stimulated emission cross-sections for the metastable levels of Tm{sup 3+} ions were discussed in detail. The effect of temperature on the stimulated emission cross-sections for the emissions observed upon 457.9 nm excitation was also discussed.

Fabrication of novel magnetically separable BiOBr/CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} microspheres and its application in the efficient removal of dye from aqueous phase by an environment-friendly and economical approach

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jiang, R. [Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000 (China); Environmental Engineering Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada V2N 4Z9 (Canada); Department of Environmental Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000 (China); Zhu, H.-Y., E-mail: zhuhuayue@126.com [Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000 (China); Environmental Engineering Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada V2N 4Z9 (Canada); Department of Environmental Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000 (China); Li, J.-B. [Environmental Engineering Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada V2N 4Z9 (Canada); Fu, F.-Q. [Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000 (China); Yao, J. [Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000 (China); Department of Environmental Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000 (China); Jiang, S.-T. [Department of Environmental Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000 (China); Zeng, G.-M., E-mail: zgming@hnu.cn [Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082 (China)

2016-02-28

Graphical abstract: Novel magnetically separable BiOBr/CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} microspheres were prepared and acted as a high-performance and recyclable material for efficient water purification. - Highlights: • Novel magnetically separable BiOBr/CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} microspheres have been fabricated. • BiOBr/CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} microsphere exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity. • BiOBr/CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} microsphere can be recovered easily from treated solution. - Abstract: Novel magnetically separable BiOBr/CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} microspheres assembled from nanoparticles were successfully fabricated by a facile solvothermal method at 160 °C for 12 h. Then, BiOBr/CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} microspheres were characterized via XRD, TEM, SEM, EDS and VSM. Congo red (CR) was selected as a pollutant model to evaluate the photocatalytic activities of BiOBr/CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} microspheres. The value of coercivity (232 Oe) and the saturation magnetization (33.79 emu g{sup −1}) were obtained, which indicated that BiOBr/CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} microspheres can be separated and recovered easily from the treated solution. What is more, by calculation, the initial rate constants of BiOBr/CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} microspheres is about 1.45 times higher than that of the pure BiOBr, which resulted from superior adsorption and transfer performance to organic contaminants in aqueous systems. Four consecutive regeneration cycles demonstrated that the BiOBr/CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} microspheres had high photostability under simulated solar light irradiation. According to the radical trapping experiments, the h{sup +} radicals and O{sub 2}·{sup −} radicals were the two main active species that drive the photocolorization of CR pollutant by BiOBr/CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} microspheres under simulated solar light irradiation. This work suggests that the BiOBr/CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} microspheres may be a promising photocatalyst for photodegrading organic pollutants and environmental remediation.

Well separated trion and neutral excitons on superacid treated MoS{sub 2} monolayers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cadiz, Fabian, E-mail: cadiz@insa-toulouse.fr; Tricard, Simon; Gay, Maxime; Lagarde, Delphine; Wang, Gang; Robert, Cedric; Renucci, Pierre; Urbaszek, Bernhard; Marie, Xavier [Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Av. Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse (France)

2016-06-20

Developments in optoelectronics and spin-optronics based on transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers (MLs) need materials with efficient optical emission and well-defined transition energies. In as-exfoliated MoS{sub 2} MLs, the photoluminescence (PL) spectra even at low temperature consist typically of broad, overlapping contributions from neutral, charged excitons (trions) and localized states. Here, we show that in superacid treated MoS{sub 2} MLs, the PL intensity increases by up to 60 times at room temperature. The neutral and charged exciton transitions are spectrally well separated in PL and reflectivity at T = 4 K, with linewidth for the neutral exciton of 15 meV, but both transitions have similar intensities compared to the ones in as-exfoliated MLs at the same temperature. Time resolved experiments uncover picoseconds recombination dynamics analyzed separately for charged and neutral exciton emissions. Using the chiral interband selection rules, we demonstrate optically induced valley polarization for both complexes and valley coherence for only the neutral exciton.

Operation Test of the Supercritical CO{sub 2} Compressor Supported with Active Magnetic Bearing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cha, Jae Eun [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Cho, Seong Kuk; Lee, Jeong IK [KAIST, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-10-15

In this paper, the operation test status of the SCIEL sCO{sub 2} AMB Compressor is briefly described. The Supercritical CO{sub 2} Brayton Cycle Integral Experiment Loop (SCIEL) has been installed in Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) to develop the element technologies for the sCO{sub 2} cycle power generation system. The operation of the SCIEL has mainly focused on sCO{sub 2} compressor development and establishing sCO{sub 2} system control logic. The installation of the SCIEL low compression loop was finished in December 2014 and research team succeeded in generating electric power on the supercritical state of the CO{sub 2} in May 2015. The SCIEL has been built in KAERI to develop the element technologies and the system control logics for the sCO{sub 2} cycle power conversion unit of the next generation reactor. For the stable operation of the sCO{sub 2} compressor under high rotational speed, the AMB sCO{sub 2} compressor was developed and achieved the maximum 40,000 rpm.

26 CFR 1.414(r)-8 - Separate application of section 410(b).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Separate application of section 410(b). 1.414(r)-8 Section 1.414(r)-8 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Pension, Profit-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.414(r)-8...

In-pile test of Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} pebble bed with neutron pulse operation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsuchiya, K. E-mail: tsuchiya@oarai.jaeri.go.jp; Nakamichi, M.; Kikukawa, A.; Nagao, Y.; Enoeda, M.; Osaki, T.; Ioki, K.; Kawamura, H

2002-12-01

Lithium titanate (Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3}) is one of the candidate materials as tritium breeder in the breeding blanket of fusion reactors, and it is necessary to show the tritium release behavior of Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} pebble beds. Therefore, a blanket in-pile mockup was developed and in situ tritium release experiments with the Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} pebble bed were carried out in the Japan Materials Testing Reactor. In this study, the relationship between tritium release behavior from Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} pebble beds and effects of various parameters were evaluated. The (R/G) ratio of tritium release (R) and tritium generation (G) was saturated when the temperature at the outside edge of the Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} pebble bed became 300 deg. C. The tritium release amount increased cycle by cycle and saturated after about 20 pulse operations.

Magnetically separable CuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/AgBr composite photocatalysts: Preparation, characterization, photocatalytic activity and photocatalytic mechanism under visible light

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhao, Yalei; Lin, Cuiping; Bi, Huijie; Liu, Yonggang; Yan, Qishe, E-mail: Qisheyanzzu@163.com

2017-01-15

Highlights: • CuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/AgBr composites were prepared by a facile sol-gel and hydrothermal method. • Visible-light response and high photocatalytic performance. • Excellent magnetic properties. • Different reactive species had different effects on degradation different pollutants. - Abstract: The CuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and CuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/AgBr composites with different CuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} contents were prepared by a facile sol-gel and hydrothermal method, respectively. The as-synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectrum (UV–vis DRS). Their magnetic properties, photocatalytic degradation activities on methyl orange (MO) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) solution and photocatalytic mechanism were investigated in detail. The results revealed that the CuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/AgBr composites exhibited significantly higher photocatalytic activities than the pure CuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the matched band structure of two components and more effective charge transportation and separations. In addition, the quenching investigation of different scavengers demonstrated that h{sup +}, ·OH, ·O{sub 2}{sup −} reactive species played different roles in the decolorization of MO and degradation of TC.

Research and Education of CO{sub 2} Separation from Coal Combustion Flue Gases with Regenerable Magnesium Solutions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Joo-Youp

2013-09-30

A novel method using environment-friendly chemical magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH){sub 2}) solution to capture carbon dioxide from coal-fired power plants flue gas has been studied under this project in the post-combustion control area. The project utilizes the chemistry underlying the CO{sub 2}-Mg(OH){sub 2} system and proven and well-studied mass transfer devices for high levels of CO{sub 2} removal. The major goals of this research were to select and design an appropriate absorber which can absorb greater than 90% CO{sub 2} gas with low energy costs, and to find and optimize the operating conditions for the regeneration step. During the project period, we studied the physical and chemical characteristics of the scrubbing agent, the reaction taking place in the system, development and evaluation of CO{sub 2} gas absorber, desorption mechanism, and operation and optimization of continuous operation. Both batch and continuous operations were performed to examine the effects of various parameters including liquid-to-gas ratio, residence time, lean solvent concentration, pressure drop, bed height, CO{sub 2} partial pressure, bubble size, pH, and temperature on the absorption. The dissolution of Mg(OH){sub 2} particles, formation of magnesium carbonate (MgCO{sub 3}), and vapor-liquid-solid equilibrium (VLSE) of the system were also studied. The dissolution of Mg(OH){sub 2} particles and the steady release of magnesium ions into the solution was a crucial step to maintain a level of alkalinity in the CO{sub 2} absorption process. The dissolution process was modeled using a shrinking core model, and the dissolution reaction between proton ions and Mg(OH){sub 2} particles was found to be a rate-controlling step. The intrinsic surface reaction kinetics was found to be a strong function of temperature, and its kinetic expression was obtained. The kinetics of MgCO{sub 3} formation was also studied in terms of different pH values and temperatures, and was enhanced under high p

Relevance of separation science and technology to nuclear fuel complex operations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rao, S.M.; Ojha, P.B.; Rajashri, M.; Mirji, K.V.; Kalidas, R.

2004-01-01

During the last three decades at Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC), Hyderabad, the Science and Technology of separation to produce various reactor grade materials in tonnage quantity is being practiced in the fields of Zr/Hf, U and Nb/Ta. Apart from this, the separation science is also being used in the production of various high purity materials and in the analytical field. The separation science and technology that is used in the production and characterisation of reactor grade materials has many striking differences from that of the common metals. The relevance and significance of separation science in the field of nuclear materials arises mainly due to the harmful effects w.r.t corrosion property and absorption of neutron caused by the presence of impurities, that are to be brought down to ppm or sub ppm level. In many cases low separation factors, that too from a multi component system call for effective process control at every stage of the bulk production so as to get quality product consistently. This article brings out the importance of separation science and technology and various process standardisations/developments that have been carried out at NFC, starting from laboratory scale to pilot scale and up to industrial scale production in the case of (i) Uranium refining (ii) Zr-Hf separation (iii) Ta-Nb separation and (iv) High purity materials production. (author)

CO<sub>2sub> Capture by Cold Membrane Operation with Actual Power Plant Flue Gas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chaubey, Trapti [American Air Liquide Inc., Houston, TX (United States); Kulkarni, Sudhir [American Air Liquide Inc., Houston, TX (United States); Hasse, David [American Air Liquide Inc., Houston, TX (United States); Augustine, Alex [American Air Liquide Inc., Houston, TX (United States)

2017-07-28

The main objective of the project was to develop a post-combustion CO<sub>2sub> capture process based on the hybrid cold temperature membrane operation. The CO<sub>2sub> in the flue gas from coal fired power plant is pre-concentrated to >60% CO<sub>2sub> in the first stage membrane operation followed by further liquefaction of permeate stream to achieve >99% CO<sub>2sub> purity. The aim of the project was based on DOE program goal of 90% CO<sub>2sub> capture with >95% CO<sub>2sub> purity from Pulverized Coal (PC) fired power plants with $40/tonne of carbon capture cost by 2025. The project moves the technology from TRL 4 to TRL 5. The project involved optimization of Air Liquide commercial 12” PI-1 bundle to improve the bundle productivity by >30% compared to the previous baseline (DE-FE0004278) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and bundle testing with synthetic flue gas at 0.1 MWe bench scale skid located at Delaware Research and Technology Center (DRTC). In parallel, the next generation polyimide based novel PI-2 membrane was developed with 10 times CO<sub>2sub> permeance compared to the commercial PI-1 membrane. The novel PI-2 membrane was scaled from mini-permeator to 1” permeator and 1” bundle for testing. Bundle development was conducted with a Development Spin Unit (DSU) installed at MEDAL. Air Liquide’s cold membrane technology was demonstrated with real coal fired flue gas at the National Carbon Capture Center (NCCC) with a 0.3 MWe field-test unit (FTU). The FTU was designed to incorporate testing of two PI-1 commercial membrane bundles (12” or 6” diameter) in parallel or series. A slip stream was sent to the next generation PI-2 membrane for testing with real flue gas. The system exceeded performance targets with stable PI-1 membrane operation for over 500 hours of single bundle, steady state testing. The 12” PI-1 bundle exceeded the productivity target by achieving ~600 Nm3/hr, where the target was set at ~455

Range-separated density functional theory: A 4-component relativistic study of the rare gas dimers He{sub 2}, Ne{sub 2}, Ar{sub 2}, Kr{sub 2}, Xe{sub 2}, Rn{sub 2} and Uuo{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kullie, Ossama [Institute de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS et Universite de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg (France); Saue, Trond, E-mail: trond.saue@isamc.ups-tlse.fr [Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantique (UMR 5626), CNRS/Universite de Toulouse 3 (Paul Sabatier), 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse (France)

2012-02-20

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer First implementation of 4-component relativistic long-range MP2/short-range DFT. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer First complete study of spectroscopic constants of the rare gas dimers He{sub 2}-Uuo{sub 2}. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer MP2-srLDA has a performance similar to pure MP2, but the overbinding of MP2 can be tuned by the range-separation parameter. - Abstract: We report the implementation of long-range second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory coupled with short-range density functional theory (MP2-srDFT) based on the 4-component relativistic Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian. The range separation of the two-electron interaction is based on the error function, such that the long-range interaction, to be handled by wave function theory, corresponds to the potential of finite electrons with a Gaussian charge distribution. We argue that the interelectronic distance associated with the range-separation parameter should accordingly be determined from a Gaussian rather than a hard-sphere model. As a first application of our relativistic MP2-srDFT implementation we calculate spectroscopic constants of the complete series of homoatomic rare gas dimers, from helium to the superheavy element 118 and with bonding dominated by dispersion forces. We find that the MP2-srDFT method is less sensitive to the basis set quality than pure MP2, but for the heavier rare gas dimers the computational cost is approximately the same as for pure MP2 if one seeks convergence with respect to both basis set and number of correlated electrons. The inclusion of a short-range DFT contribution allows to dampen the tendency of pure MP2 to overbind the heavier dimers, but it is difficult to find an optimal range-separation parameter for the whole series of diatomics. Interestingly, MP2-srLDA shows better performance than MP2-srPBE for the selected molecules.

Report on the separation and refining technology sub-committee meetings in fiscal 1987; 1987 nendo bunri seisei gijutsu bukai hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1988-03-01

The separation and refining technology sub-committee has held two meetings in this fiscal year. The first sub-committee meeting (October 9, 1987) was held for the major agenda of the research and development of the basic studies; as the summary of the achievements in fiscal 1986, the up-grading by fractions and of the total fraction collectively, up-grading of kerosene and light oil fractions, up-grading of medium to heavy fractions; and as the study plans for fiscal 1987, the up-grading of coal liquefied oil, a technology to separate hetero compounds, development of their applications, and the reports and deliberations thereon. The major agenda of the second sub-committee meeting (February 10, 1988) were the interim report on the achievements in research of up-grading the coal liquefied oil in fiscal 1987, the interim reports on research achievements in the technology to separate hetero compounds and development of its applications, and the reports and deliberations thereon. The conventional up-grading sub-committee was dissolved in fiscal 1987 to form a new organization, whereas the 'separation and refining sub-committee' was founded newly. With respect to the up-grading matters, reports were given on the achievements thereon as a result of using a micro reaction device and a bench reaction device as in the past, and on the achievements in the application development. In addition, on the hetero related matters, directionality of the survey and the result therefrom were reported. (NEDO)

Synthesis and properties of compounds (Ln(NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/(OP(N(CH/sub 3/)/sub 2/)/sub 3/)/sub 4/)B(C/sub 6/H/sub 5/)/sub 4/ (Ln=Y,La, Ce-Lu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Skopenko, V V; Zub, Yu L; Matishinets, I M [Kievskij Gosudarstvennyj Univ. (Ukrainian SSR)

1984-01-01

From acetone solutions with the yield 75-80% compounds of the composition (Ln(NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/(OP(Nx(CN/sub 3/)/sub 2/)/sub 3/))B(C/sub 6/H/sub 5/)/sub 4/ (Ln=Y, La, Ce-Lu) have been separated. Comparing diffractograms the existence of two isostructural series with morphotropic transition at the Nd/Sm boundary has been established. Using the data of conductometry and IR spectroscopy it has been shown that the cation coordination number of the central atom is eight: four O atoms from two bidentate-cyclic nitrate groups and four O atoms from four monodentate phosphineoxide ligands. Measurement of electric conductivity of the substances separated in nitromethane has shown that the value lambdasub(M) varies inconsiderably from the value 48 Ohm/sup -1/xcm/sup 2/xmol/sup -1/.

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Te-doped Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6} under visible light irradiation: Effective separation of photogenerated carriers resulted from inhomogeneous lattice distortion and improved electron capturing ability

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Shuguang, E-mail: csustcsg@yahoo.com; Li, Yuhan; Wu, Zixu; Wu, Baoxin; Li, Haibin; Li, Fujin

2017-05-15

Te-doped Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6} photocatalyst was hydrothermally synthesized, and nonmetal atoms Te were homogeneously incorporated into Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6} lattice with the substitution of Te{sup 4+} to Mo{sup 6+}. With increasing Te-doping concentration in Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6}, no detectable band-gap narrowing but more and more severe inhomogeneous lattice distortions were determined. The activity of Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6} photocatalyst was evaluated through methylene blue degradation under visible light irradiation (λ>410 nm) and was greatly enhanced by Te-doping. When Te-doped Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6} was synthesized at Te/Mo molar ratio of 7.5%, a maximum first-order rate constant of methylene blue degradation was obtained. The inhomogeneous lattice distortion generated an internal dipole moment, and the holes generated with the substitution of Te{sup 4+} to Mo{sup 6+} acted as the capturing centers of photogenerated electrons, thus the effective separation of photogenerated carriers was facilitated to result in a relatively high concentration of holes on the surface of Te-doped Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6} to be favorable for the efficient methylene blue degradation. - Graphical abstract: With the substitution of Te{sup 4+} to Mo{sup 6+}, effective separation of photogenerated carriers resulted from inhomogeneous lattice distortion and improved electron capturing ability is achieved to be responsible for enhanced photocatalytic activity of Te-doped Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6}. - Highlights: • Nonmetal Te is incorporated into Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6} with the substitution of Te{sup 4+} to Mo{sup 6+}. • Revealing inhomogeneous lattice distortion and improved electron capturing ability. • Effective separation of photogenerated carriers in Te-doped Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6} is achieved. • The mechanism of methylene blue degradation over Te-doped Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6} is proposed.

Article separation apparatus and method for unit operations

Science.gov (United States)

Pardini, Allan F.; Gervais, Kevin L.; Mathews, Royce A.; Hockey, Ronald L.

2010-06-22

An apparatus and method are disclosed for separating articles from a group of articles. The apparatus includes a container for containing one or more articles coupled to a suitable fluidizer for suspending articles within the container and transporting articles to an induction tube. A portal in the induction tube introduces articles singly into the induction tube. A vacuum pulls articles through the induction tube separating the articles from the group of articles in the container. The apparatus and method can be combined with one or more unit operations or modules, e.g., for inspecting articles, assessing quality of articles, or ascertaining material properties and/or parameters of articles, including layers thereof.

Steady state operation of the first cryogenic column in a krypton separation system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

von Ammon, R.; Bumiller, W.; Hutter, E.; Neffe, G.

1981-01-01

Recent results obtained during the operation of the inactive test unit KRETA for the cryogenic separation of krypton from simulated reprocessing off-gases are presented. The first rectification column of this unit was modified by shortening its lower part from 18 to 8 practical plates and placing the feed point into the warmer, krypton-rich section. Two essential results were thus achieved: plugging by desubliming xenon was not observed even at xenon feed concentrations as high as 1 vol.-%; and, accumulation of oxygen was much lower than in the column version used previously, thus reducing the potential hazard by ozone formation drastically. The accumulation of methane, however, was found to be high, in agreement with calculations

Measurement of the electroweak top quark production cross section and the CKM matrix element V{sub tb} with the DOe experiment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kirsch, Matthias

2009-06-29

This analysis presents a measurement of the combined s+t-channel electroweak top quark production cross section at the Tevatron collider. An integrated luminosity of nearly 1 fb{sup -1} of Run{proportional_to}II data has been analyzed. After the selection of single top quark-like events, a Multi-Process Factory has been used to analyze each event under several physics process hypotheses. The novelty in this analysis is that an event is not only studied under the assumption of the signal process decay chain, but also under the assumption to originate from one of the major background physics processes. In three jet multiplicity bins a total of 13 decay chains are reconstructed and evaluated. The implementation and optimization of this technique is a first step towards analysis methods which are able to actively identify an event as a signal or background event. In this analysis the most likely decay chain of an event for each signal and background process under investigation is used to obtain decay chain dependent observables. The close connection of the observables to the partons of a physics process decay chain leads to an intuitive interpretation of the resulting distributions. Observables gained in the Multi-Process Factory are used as input to a state-of-the-art multivariate analysis technique, Boosted Decision Trees. The configuration of these Boosted Decision Trees has been optimized with the goal to maximize the separation of the expected signal contribution from the overwhelming background. Using a Bayesian approach the discriminant distributions of the twelve independent analysis channels are fitted simultaneously. This analysis measures the combined s+t channel production cross section to be {sigma}(p anti p{yields} tb + X, tqb + X) = 5.51{sub -1.31}{sup +1.62} pb for a top mass of 175 GeV and assuming a Standard Model s-channel to t-channel cross section ratio of {sigma}{sub s}/{sigma}{sub t} = 0.44. The significance of the cross section measurement is 4

Bipartite separability and nonlocal quantum operations on graphs

Science.gov (United States)

Dutta, Supriyo; Adhikari, Bibhas; Banerjee, Subhashish; Srikanth, R.

2016-07-01

In this paper we consider the separability problem for bipartite quantum states arising from graphs. Earlier it was proved that the degree criterion is the graph-theoretic counterpart of the familiar positive partial transpose criterion for separability, although there are entangled states with positive partial transpose for which the degree criterion fails. Here we introduce the concept of partially symmetric graphs and degree symmetric graphs by using the well-known concept of partial transposition of a graph and degree criteria, respectively. Thus, we provide classes of bipartite separable states of dimension m ×n arising from partially symmetric graphs. We identify partially asymmetric graphs that lack the property of partial symmetry. We develop a combinatorial procedure to create a partially asymmetric graph from a given partially symmetric graph. We show that this combinatorial operation can act as an entanglement generator for mixed states arising from partially symmetric graphs.

Charge separation in branched TiO{sub 2} nanorod array homojunction aroused by quantum effect for enhanced photocatalytic decomposition of gaseous benzene

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Xiaoxia [State Key Laboratory of Materials and Processing Die & Mould Technology, Nanomaterials and Smart Sensors Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074 (China); Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Wuhan 430062 (China); Ni, Qian [State Key Laboratory of Materials and Processing Die & Mould Technology, Nanomaterials and Smart Sensors Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074 (China); Zeng, Dawen, E-mail: dwzeng@mail.hust.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Materials and Processing Die & Mould Technology, Nanomaterials and Smart Sensors Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074 (China); Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Wuhan 430062 (China); Liao, Guanglan [State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074 (China); Xie, Changsheng [State Key Laboratory of Materials and Processing Die & Mould Technology, Nanomaterials and Smart Sensors Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074 (China)

2016-12-15

Highlights: • Charge separation in homojunction based on the broadened band gap by quantum effect. • Absolute charge separation by the passivation effect of TiO{sub 2} nanorod. • Long-distance electron transfer behavior in photocatalysis. • Roughed surface for enhanced light harvesting by light trapping effect. - Abstract: As known, the electron transfer behavior in photocatalysis is short-distance transportation, which leads the photo-induced electrons and holes to be localized. The temporarily separated electrons and holes will recombine with each other in the localized region. In this paper, we successfully achieved electron transfer in a homojunction of branched rutile TiO{sub 2} nanorod @nanoparticle core-shell architecture by quantum confinement effect aroused by the nanoparticle, which is proved by the blue-shifting in UV–vis absorption spectrum of the homojunction. Meanwhile, an absolute charge separation is also achieved by the long-distance electron transfer along the single-crystalline rutile TiO{sub 2} nanorod as uninterrupted high-speed electron transfer channel to FTO substrates. Based on the effective charge separation, the photocatalytic decomposition of gaseous benzene by the homojunction is significantly enhanced, yielding 10 times CO{sub 2} than that of the nanorod array. This homojunction interfacial charge separation, aroused by quantum effect, through long-distance transfer along the single-crystalline nanorod gives us inspiration to achieve efficient charge separation with defect-less interfaces, which might can be utilized for real-time environmental abatement and energy generation simultaneously.

Urban Transport Services in Sub-Saharan Africa : Improving Vehicle Operations

OpenAIRE

World Bank

2003-01-01

The report presents findings, and the way forward in respect of the Knowledge and Research (KAR) Project on vehicle operations in Sub-Saharan Africa, basically undertaken in Uganda and Ghana. In the first phase, the study identified problems faced by transport operators in both countries, and analyzed their impact on vehicle operating costs, as well as examining transport regulations, and ...

Improved solar-driven photocatalytic performance of Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3}/(BiO){sub 2}CO{sub 3} prepared in-situ

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhong, Junbo, E-mail: junbozhong@163.com [Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000 (China); Li, Jianzhang, E-mail: lschmanuscript@163.com [Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000 (China); Huang, Shengtian; Cheng, Chaozhu; Yuan, Wei [Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000 (China); Li, Minjiao [Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000 (China); Sichuan Provincial Academician (Expert) Workstation, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000 (China); Ding, Jie [Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000 (China)

2016-05-15

Highlights: • Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3}/(BiO){sub 2}CO{sub 3} photocatalysts were prepared in-situ. • The photo-induced charge separation rate has been greatly increased. • The photocatalytic activity has been greatly promoted. - Abstract: Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3}/(BiO){sub 2}CO{sub 3} composites have been fabricated in-situ via a facile parallel flaw co-precipitation method. The specific surface area, structure, morphology, and the separation rate of photo-induced charge pairs of the photocatalysts were characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and surface photovoltage (SPV) spectroscopy, respectively. XRD patterns and DRS demonstrated that Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3} has no effect on the crystal phase and bandgap of (BiO){sub 2}CO{sub 3}. The existence of Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3} in the composites enhances the separation rate of photo-induced charge pairs of the photocatalysts. The photocatalytic performance of Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3}/(BiO){sub 2}CO{sub 3} was evaluated by the decolorization of methyl orange (MO) aqueous solution under simulated solar irradiation. It was found that the simulated solar-induced photocatalytic activity of Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3}/(BiO){sub 2}CO{sub 3} copmposites was significantly improved, which was mainly attributed to the enhanced surface area and the separation rate of photo-induced charge pairs.

Interaction of protons with the C{sub 60} molecule: calculation of deposited energies and electronic stopping cross sections (v{sub {<=}}5 au)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moretto-Capelle, P. [Laboratoire CAR, IRSAMC, UMR 5589 CNRS, Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse (France)]. E-mail: pmc@irsamc.ups-tlse.fr; Bordenave-Montesquieu, D.; Rentenier, A.; Bordenave-Montesquieu, A. [Laboratoire CAR, IRSAMC, UMR 5589 CNRS, Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse (France)

2001-09-28

The energy deposited by a proton in a C{sub 60} molecule is calculated over a broad collision velocity range from 0.1 to 5 au, using the free-electron gas model of Lindhard and Winther (1964 Mat. Fys. Medd. K Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. 34) and the C{sub 60} electron density distribution calculated by Puska and Nieminen. The energy lost by the proton is maximum near 1.8 au collision velocity in contrast with the saturation found in the low-velocity regime, in the 0.25-0.5 au velocity range, by Kunert and Schmidt. From the impact parameter dependence we deduce the distributions of deposited energies, the averaged energy losses and the C{sub 60} electronic stopping cross sections. It is found that the C{sub 60} molecule behaves as a carbon foil giving very similar absolute stopping cross sections per atom. (author). Letter-to-the-editor.

Sensors based on mesoporous SnO{sub 2}-CuWO{sub 4} with high selective sensitivity to H{sub 2}S at low operating temperature

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stanoiu, Adelina; Simion, Cristian E. [National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Bucharest, Măgurele (Romania); Calderon-Moreno, Jose Maria; Osiceanu, Petre [“Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Laboratory, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021, Bucharest (Romania); Florea, Mihaela [University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, B-dul Regina Elisabeta 4-12, Bucharest (Romania); National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Bucharest, Măgurele (Romania); Teodorescu, Valentin S. [National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Bucharest, Măgurele (Romania); Somacescu, Simona, E-mail: somacescu.simona@gmail.com [“Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Laboratory, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021, Bucharest (Romania)

2017-06-05

Highlights: • Mesoporous SnO{sub 2}-CuWO{sub 4} obtained by an inexpensive synthesis route. • Powders characterization performed by a variety of complementary techniques. • SnO{sub 2}-CuWO{sub 4} layers with high selective sensitivity to H{sub 2}S. • Low operating temperature and relative humidity influences. - Abstract: Development of new sensitive materials by different synthesis routes in order to emphasize the sensing properties for hazardous H{sub 2}S detection is one of a nowadays challenge in the field of gas sensors. In this study we obtained mesoporous SnO{sub 2}-CuWO{sub 4} with selective sensitivity to H{sub 2}S by an inexpensive synthesis route with low environmental pollution level, using tripropylamine (TPA) as template and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as dispersant/stabilizer. In order to bring insights about the intrinsic properties, the powders were characterized by means of a variety of complementary techniques such as: X-Ray Diffraction, XRD; Transmission Electron Microscopy, TEM; High Resolution TEM, HRTEM; Raman Spectroscopy, RS; Porosity Analysis by N{sub 2} adsorption/desorption, BET; Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, XPS. The sensors were fabricated by powders deposition via screen-printing technique onto planar commercial Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} substrates. The sensor signals towards H{sub 2}S exposure at low operating temperature (100 °C) reaches values from 10{sup 5} (for SnWCu600) to 10{sup 6} (for SnWCu800) over the full range of concentrations (5–30 ppm). The recovery processes were induced by a short temperature trigger of 500 °C. The selective sensitivity was underlined with respect to the H{sub 2}S, relative to other potential pollutants and relative humidity (10–70% RH).

Super low NO.sub.x, high efficiency, compact firetube boiler

Science.gov (United States)

Chojnacki, Dennis A.; Rabovitser, Iosif K.; Knight, Richard A.; Cygan, David F.; Korenberg, Jacob

2005-12-06

A firetube boiler furnace having two combustion sections and an in-line intermediate tubular heat transfer section between the two combustion sections and integral to the pressure vessel. This design provides a staged oxidant combustion apparatus with separate in-line combustion chambers for fuel-rich primary combustion and fuel-lean secondary combustion and sufficient cooling of the combustion products from the primary combustion such that when the secondary combustion oxidant is added in the secondary combustion stage, the NO.sub.x formation is less than 5 ppmv at 3% O.sub.2.

Costs of head-end incineration with respect to Kr separation in the reprocessing of HTR fuel elements

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barnert-Wiemer, H.; Boehnert, R.

1976-07-15

The C-incinerations and the Kr-separations during head-end incineration in the reprocessing of HTR fuel elements are described. The costs for constructing an operating a head-end incineration of reprocessing capacities with 5,000 to 50,000 MW(e)-HTR power have been determined. The cost estimates are divided into investment and operating costs, further after the fraction of the N/sub 2/-content in the incineration exhaust gas, which strongly affects costs. It appears that, in the case of Kr-separation from the incineration exhaust gas, the investment costs as well as the operating costs of the head-end for N/sub 2/-containing exhaust gas are considerably greater than those for gas without N/sub 2/. The C-incineration of the graphite of the HTR fuel elements should therefore only be performed with influx gas that is free of N/sub 2/.

Structural relaxation and embrittlement of Cu/sub 59/Zr/sub 41/ and Fe/sub 80/B/sub 20/ glasses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deng, D.; Argon, A.S.

1986-01-01

The effect of physical aging at 0.92 T/sub c/, on phase separation, crystallization, distributed shear relaxations, hardness, and strain to fracture was investigated in Cu/sub 59/Zr/sub 41/ and Fe/sub 80/B/sub 20/ glasses. In Cu/sub 59/Zr/sub 41/ glass, aging resulted in phase separation prior to crystallization, rather than the expected polymorphous crystallization. In Fe/sub 80/B/sub 20/ in the as-quenched alloys a prominent second-order Curie transition was found at 613K, which was recovered by aging. Apart from a nearly four-fold acceleration of the aging process in Fe/sub 80/B/sub 20/ over the Cu/sub 59/Zr/sub 41/ alloy, their mechanical responses to the aging were very similar in alterations of the internal friction spectrum, evolution of hardness, and strain to fracture

26 CFR 1.414(r)-9 - Separate application of section 401(a)(26).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

....414(r)-9 Section 1.414(r)-9 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Pension, Profit-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.414(r)-9... qualified separate lines of business for purposes of section 401(a)(26) in accordance with § 1.414(r)-1(b...

Separation process of zirconium and hafnium; Procede de separation du zirconium et du hafnium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hure, J; Saint-James, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1955-07-01

About the separation different processes of zirconium-hafnium, the extraction by solvent in cross-current is the most easily the process usable on an industrial scale. It uses tributyl phosphate as solvent, diluted with white spirit to facilitate the decanting. Some exploratory tests showed that nitric environment seemed the most favorable for extraction; but a lot of other factors intervene in the separation process. We studied the influence of the acidity successively, the NO{sub 3}{sup -} ions concentration, the role of the cation coming with NO{sub 3}{sup -}, as well as the influence of the concentration of zirconium in the solution on the separation coefficient {beta} = {alpha}{sub Zr} / {alpha}{sub Hf}. (M.B.) [French] Des differents procedes de separation zirconium-hafnium, l'extraction par solvant en contre-courant est le procede le plus facilement utilisable a l'echelle industrielle. On utilise comme solvant le phosphate de tributyle, dilue avec du white spirit pour faciliter les decantations. Des essais preliminaires ont montre que le milieu nitrique semblait le plus favorable a l'extraction; mais beaucoup d'autres facteurs interviennent dans le processus de separation. Nous avons etudie successivement l'influence de l'acidite, celle de la concentration en ions NO{sub 3}{sup -}, le role du cation accompagnant NO{sub 3}{sup -}, ainsi que l'influence de la concentration en zirconium de la solution sur le coefficient de separation {beta} = {alpha}{sub Zr} / {alpha}{sub Hf}. (MB)

Exfoliated thin Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6} nanosheets supported on WO{sub 3} electrode for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ma, Ying; Jia, Yulong; Wang, Lina [State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis & Selective Oxidation, and National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Lanzhou 730000 (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China); Yang, Min [State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis & Selective Oxidation, and National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Bi, Yingpu, E-mail: yingpubi@licp.cas.cn [State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis & Selective Oxidation, and National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Qi, Yanxing, E-mail: qiyx@licp.cas.cn [State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis & Selective Oxidation, and National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Lanzhou 730000 (China)

2016-12-30

Highlights: • Thin Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6} nanosheets were prepared by microwave assisted ultrasonic separation. • The thin Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6} nanosheets could be more favorable to charge shift and separation. • The WO{sub 3}/thin Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6} exhibits superior photoelectric activity than WO{sub 3}/Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6} film. • The efficient photoelectric property results from facilitated charge separation. - Abstract: Thin Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6} nanosheets are obtained by a microwave-assisted ultrasonic separation process. After exfoliation, the thinner and uniform nanosheets with a thickness of about 10 nm were obtained. The exfoliated nanosheets would provide many amazing functionalities such as high electron mobility and quantum Hall effects. Therefore, thin Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6} supported on WO{sub 3} electrode (WO{sub 3}/thin Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6}) exhibits facilitated charge separation than pure WO{sub 3} film and the un-exfoliated Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6} nanosheets supported on WO{sub 3} electrode (WO{sub 3}/Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6}). As a result, WO{sub 3}/thin Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6} shows remarkably stable photocurrent density of 2.2 mA/cm{sup 2} at 0.8 V{sub SCE} in 0.1 M Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4} which is higher than that of that of WO{sub 3} (1.1 mA/cm{sup 2}) and WO{sub 3}/Bi{sub 2}MoO{sub 6} (1.5 mA/cm{sup 2}).

Emission cross sections in low-energy collisions between He{sup +}, Ne{sup +} ions and CF{sub 4} molecule

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Motohashi, Kenji; Takahashi, Tetsuro; Takahashi, Naruto; Tsurubuchi, Seiji [Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588 (Japan)

2005-09-28

Emission cross sections (Q{sub em}) of CF{sup +}{sub 4}(C-tilde - A-tilde, C-tilde - X-tilde; 200-500 nm), CF{sup +}{sub 4}(D-tilde - C-tilde, 350-440 nm), F(3p {sup 4}D{sup o}{sub 7/2}-3s {sup 4}P{sub 5/2}; 685.6 nm), He(3d {sup 3}D-2p {sup 3}P{sup o}; 587.6 nm), and Ne(3p {sup 2}[5/2]-3s {sup 2}[3/2]; 640.2 nm) produced in charge-exchange collisions between He{sup +} and Ne{sup +} and CF{sub 4} molecule were measured in the energy range below 5000 eV down to 1 eV (E{sub Lab}). Emission cross sections of F(3s {sup 2}P-2p{sup 5} {sup 2}P{sup o}; 95.5 nm) and F(3s {sup 4}P-2p{sup 5} {sup 2}P{sup o}; 97.5 nm) were also measured in He{sup +}+CF{sub 4}. No emission peaks were observed in the spectrum of Ar{sup +}+CF{sub 4} (E{sub Lab} = 2000 eV) in the wavelength range of 200-800 nm. The emission cross section of CF{sup +}{sub 4}(C-tilde - A-tilde, C-tilde - X-tilde; 200-500 nm) observed in Ne{sup +}+CF{sub 4} decreased with increasing the energy with a relation of Q{sub em} {proportional_to} E{sup -1/2}{sub CM} up to 60 eV, whereas it increased with increasing the energy above 100 eV. This result agreed well with one of Sasaki et al [1]. It was concluded that such dependence below 60 eV originated from an orbiting resonance into Ne+CF{sup +}{sub 4} (C-tilde{sup 2}T{sub 2}) channel. Emission cross sections of F, He and Ne rapidly increased with increasing the energy from the near thresholds.

Plastic tube hadron calorimeter: study of operation properties and particle separation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akopdzhanov, G.A.; Belousov, V.I.; Blik, A.M.; Romanovski, V.I.

1988-01-01

The DELPHI hadron calorimeter prototype plastic tubes were tested to show a long-term stability of the prototype operating with the gas mixture carbon dioxide isobutane. The operating properties of the prototype are investigated and presented as well as the results on particles separation. 5 refs.; 11 figs.; 9 tabs

Phase Separation and Crystallization in soda-lime borosilicate glass enriched in MoO{sub 3} studied by in situ Raman spectroscopy at high temperature

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnin, M.; Schuller, S.; Advocat, T. [CEA Valrho, DEN/DTCD/SCDV, Laboratoire d' Etude de Base sur les Verres, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Ceze Cedex (France); Caurant, D.; Majerus, O. [Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiere Condensee de Paris- LCMCP - UMR-CNRS 7574, Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie de Paris - ENSCP, Paristech, 75231 Paris (France); Ligny, D. de [Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Materiaux Luminescents- LPCML - UMR-CNRS 5620, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69622 Villeurbanne (France)

2008-07-01

Phase separation and crystallisation processes may arise in molten glass when the MoO{sub 3} content exceeds its solubility limit. Molybdenum combined with other elements such as alkali and alkaline-earth may form crystalline molybdates, known as 'yellow phases' in nuclear glasses. In order to establish the sequence of phase separation and crystallization processes occurring during the cooling of the melt, a non-radioactive simplified glass composition was chosen in the SiO{sub 2}-B{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Na{sub 2}O-CaO system, with 2 mol.% MoO{sub 3}. Various cooling scenarios were tested: cooling by air blowing, quenching between two copper plates and cooling on metallic plate. The resulting glass specimens were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy in temperature. These observations made it possible to determine the sequence and the appearance temperature of phenomena upon cooling: first, a phase separation occurs, (small droplets dispersed in the molten glass) followed by molybdates crystallization inside the droplets. (authors)

Measurement of the cross-section ratio {sigma}({chi}{sub c2})/{sigma}({chi}{sub c1}) for prompt {chi}{sub c} production at {radical}(s)=7 TeV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aaij, R. [Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Abellan Beteta, C. [Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona (Spain); Adeva, B. [Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela (Spain); Adinolfi, M. [H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol (United Kingdom); Adrover, C. [CPPM, Aix-Marseille Universite, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille (France); Affolder, A. [Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool (United Kingdom); Ajaltouni, Z. [Clermont Universite, Universite Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand (France); Albrecht, J.; Alessio, F. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Alexander, M. [School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (United Kingdom); Alkhazov, G. [Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), Gatchina (Russian Federation); Alvarez Cartelle, P. [Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela (Spain); Alves, A.A. [Sezione INFN di Roma La Sapienza, Roma (Italy); Amato, S. [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Amhis, Y. [Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne (Switzerland); Anderson, J. [Physik-Institut, Universitaet Zuerich, Zuerich (Switzerland); Appleby, R.B. [School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester (United Kingdom); Aquines Gutierrez, O. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg (Germany); Archilli, F. [Laboratori Nazionali dell' INFN di Frascati, Frascati (Italy); European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Arrabito, L. [CC-IN2P3, CNRS/IN2P3, Lyon-Villeurbanne (France); and others

2012-08-14

The prompt production of the charmonium {chi}{sub c1} and {chi}{sub c2} mesons has been studied in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of {radical}(s)=7 TeV. The {chi}{sub c} mesons are identified through their decays {chi}{sub c}{yields}J/{psi}{gamma} with J/{psi}{yields}{mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} using 36 pb{sup -1} of data collected by the LHCb detector in 2010. The ratio of the prompt production cross-sections for the two {chi}{sub c} spin states, {sigma}({chi}{sub c2})/{sigma}({chi}{sub c1}), has been determined as a function of the J/{psi} transverse momentum, p{sub T}{sup J/{psi}}, in the range from 2 to 15 GeV/c. The results are in agreement with the next-to-leading order non-relativistic QCD model at high p{sub T}{sup J/{psi}} and lie consistently above the pure leading-order colour-singlet prediction.

Heterogeneously catalyzed deuterium separation processes: Hydrogen-water exchange studies at elevated temperatures and pressures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Halliday, J.D.; Rolston, J.H.; Au, J.C.; Den Hartog, J.; Tremblay, R.R.

1985-01-01

New processes for the separation of hydrogen isotopes are required to produce heavy water for CANDU nuclear reactors and to extract tritium formed in the moderator during reactor operation. Wetproofed platinum catalysts capable of promoting rapid exchange of isotopes between countercurrent flows of hydrogen and liquid water in packed columns have been developed at CRNL over the past 15 years. These catalysts provide a catalystic surface for the gas phase exchange reaction H/sub 2/O/sub (v)/ + HD/sub (g)/ ↔ HDO/sub (v)/ + H/sub 2(g)/ as well as a large liquid surface for the liquid phase isotope transfer reaction HDO/sub (v)/ + H/sub 2/O/sub (iota)/↔HDO/sub (iota)/+H/sub 2/O/sub (v)/. Any economic stand-alone heavy water separation process, based on bithermal hydrogen-water exchange over wetproofed platinum catalysts, requires rapid overall exchange of isotopes between two phases at two temperatures. Catalysts developed for cold tower operation at 25-60 0 C are now being tested in a laboratory scale stainless steel trickle bed reactor for performance and stability at simulated hot tower conditions, 150 0 C and 2.0 MPa pressure. Catalytically active layers containing platinum supported on carbon or crystalline silica and wetproofed with Teflon have been prepared on ceramic spheres and stainless steel screening and tested in both random and ordered bed columns

Additive property of separative power

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamamoto, Ichiro; Kanagawa, Akira

1980-01-01

A separative power of a separating element, whose heads and tails separation factors are α and β, is expressed by phi sub(b)(α, β) = [α(β - 1)1n α - (α - 1)1n β]/(αβ - 1) for the unit flow of the desired material and phi sub(a)(α, β) (= phi sub(b)(β, α)) for that of undesired material. The additive properties of the functions phi sub(b) and phi sub(a) were demonstrated by calculations of various types of ideal cascades, but the origin of the property is not obvious. The present study has furnished the mathematical basis of the additivity based on the special functional equation. First, for symmetric processes (α = β), the functional equation which describes the function representing the quality of separation f(α, α) concerning the desired material was obtained and solved to give the functional form of f(α, α). The result was extented to the function f(α, β) representing the quality of asymmetric separation (α not equal β). The derived function f(α, β) was demonstrated to be equal to phi sub(b)(α, β), and it was verified that functions phi sub(b)(α, β) and phi sub(a)(α, β) have the additive property in themselves. (author)

Separators/reheaters for nuclear turbines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guignard, S.

1986-01-01

During the past few years, the Nuclear Department of Stein Industrie has implemented a broad development programme for the design of superheating separators for nuclear power plant turbines. These units separate the water in the steam leaving the high-pressure section, and superheat the dry steam before expansion in the medium - and low - pressure sections. Thorough research, confirmed by tests, was conducted in different areas, and especially on problems of water and steam separation, and heat transfers in the tube bundle(s) required to superheat the steam. Special systems were designed to avoid processes detrimental to the operation of the units, such as vibrations, erosion/corrosion etc. Experimental feedback on the superheating separators of 900 MW nuclear power plants helped to substantiate the assumptions made for the thermal and hydraulic calculations, as well as the optimizations carried out on the different functions. These results confirmed the industrial application of the design methods to other superheating separators intended for 1300 MW nuclear power plants and for export [fr

High temperature corrosion of separator materials for MCFC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yanagida, Masahiro; Tanimoto, Kazumi; Kojima, Toshikatsu [Osaka National Research Institute (Japan)] [and others

1996-12-31

The Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) is one of promising high efficiency power generation devices with low emission. Molten carbonate used for its electrolyte plays an important role in MCFC. It separates between anode and cathode gas environment and provides ionic conductivity on MCFC operation. Stainless steel is conventionally used as separator/current collector materials in MCFC cathode environment. As corrosion of the components of MCFC caused by the electrolyte proceeds with the electrolyte consumption, the corrosion in the MCFC is related to its performance and life. To understand and inhibit the corrosion in the MCFC is important to realize MCFC power generation system. We have studied the effect of alkaline earth carbonate addition into carbonate on corrosion of type 316L stainless steel. In this paper, we describe the effect of the temperature on corrosion behavior of type 316L stainless steel with carbonate mixture, (Li{sub 0.62}K{sub 0.38}){sub 2}CO{sub 3}, under the cathode environment in out-of-cell test.

Resolution of the mixture TBP-H/sub 2/ MPB-HDB-PH/sub 3/PO/sub 4/. Application to the systems UO/sub 2/(NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/-TBP, Th(NO/sub 3/)/sub 4/-TBP and ZrO(NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/-TBP

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pires, M A.F.; Abrao, A [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, Sao Paulo (Brazil). Centro de Engenharia Quimica

1980-01-01

Tributylphosphate (TBP) is presently the most used extractant for uranium, thorium and zirconium technologies, both for the purification of these elements from their concentrates and for the recovery of heavy metals in the reprocessing of irradiated fuels. Nevertheless, in the presence of phosphoric acid, some degradation products are formed, such as: di-n-butylphosphoric acid (HDBP), monobutylphosphoric ancd (H/sub 2/MBP) and ortophosphoric acid. The accumulation of these degradation products in the organic phase of the liquid-liquid extraction processes is highly undesirable. In order to avoid this problem, the separation of the mixture HDBP, H/sub 2/MBP and H/sub 3/PO/sub 4/ in TBP-dilutent or TBP-diluent-uranyl, thorium of zirconyl nitrate was then studied. Several separation techniques were investigated: adsorption using a cationic resin saturated with U(VI), chromatography in macroporous polymers, chromatography in alumina columns. Refractive index and condutimetric measurements were carried out to follow up the separation processes. The best results were obtained in an alumina column.

Isotope separation in crossed-jet systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gallagher, R.J.; Anderson, J.B.

1978-11-01

The separation of isotopes in crossed-jet systems was investigated with Monte Carlo calculations of the separation effects for jets of Ne/Ar and /sup 235/UF/sub 6///sup 238/UF/sub 6/ mixtures entering a hydrogen stream. For the ideal condition of uniform stream velocities at zero temperature, the separation factor ..cap alpha.. was found to be 16.0 for Ne/Ar and 1.17 for /sup 235/UF/sub 6///sup 238/UF/sub 6/. For less ideal but more practical conditions, Monte Carlo calculations of the complete crossed-jet systems gave separation factors as high as 3.3 for Ne/Ar and ..cap alpha.. = 1.046 - 1.078 for /sup 235/UF/sub 6///sup 238/UF/sub 6/.

In{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Bi{sub 2}Sn{sub 2}O{sub 7} heterostructured nanoparticles with enhanced photocatalytic activity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xing, Yonglei [Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, International Center for Dielectric Research, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi (China); Que, Wenxiu, E-mail: wxque@mail.xjtu.edu.cn [Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, International Center for Dielectric Research, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi (China); Yin, Xingtian; He, Zuoli; Liu, Xiaobin; Yang, Yawei; Shao, Jinyou [Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, International Center for Dielectric Research, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi (China); Kong, Ling Bing, E-mail: ELBKong@ntu.edu.sg [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798 (Singapore)

2016-11-30

Highlights: • Visible-light photocatalytic activities of the nanostructured In{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Bi{sub 2}Sn{sub 2}O{sub 7} heterostructures were studied. • Effect of In{sub 2}O{sub 3} content on the photocatalytic activity of the In{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Bi{sub 2}Sn{sub 2}O{sub 7} heterostructure was evaluated. • 0.1In{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Bi{sub 2}Sn{sub 2}O{sub 7} heterostructure photocatalyst shows a superior photocatalytic activity. • Based on Mott-Schottky analysis and active species detection, a mechanism for the separation of photogenerated carriers is proposed. • The effective separation process of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs was testified by photocurrent test. - Abstract: In{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Bi{sub 2}Sn{sub 2}O{sub 7} composite photocatalysts with various contents of cubic In{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanoparticles were fabricated by using impregnation method. A thriving modification of Bi{sub 2}Sn{sub 2}O{sub 7} by an introduction of In{sub 2}O{sub 3} was confirmed by using X-ray diffraction, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The samples composed of hybrids of In{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Bi{sub 2}Sn{sub 2}O{sub 7} exhibited a much higher photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Rhodamine B under visible light, as compared with pure In{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Bi{sub 2}Sn{sub 2}O{sub 7} nanoparticles. Optimized composition of the composite photocatalysts was 0.1In{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Bi{sub 2}Sn{sub 2}O{sub 7}, which shows a rate constant higher than those of pure In{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Bi{sub 2}Sn{sub 2}O{sub 7} by 4.06 and 3.21 times, respectively. Based on Mott-Schottky analysis and active species detection, the photoexcited electrons in the conduction band of In{sub 2}O{sub 3} and the holes in the valence band of Bi{sub 2}Sn{sub 2}O{sub 7} participated in reduction and oxidation reactions, respectively. Hence, ·OH, ·O{sub 2}{sup −} and h

A high sensitivity process variation sensor utilizing sub-threshold operation

OpenAIRE

Meterelliyoz, Mesut; Song, Peilin; Stellari, Franco; Kulkarni, Jaydeep P.; Roy, Kaushik

2008-01-01

In this paper, we propose a novel low-power, bias-free, high-sensitivity process variation sensor for monitoring random variations in the threshold voltage. The proposed sensor design utilizes the exponential current-voltage relationship of sub-threshold operation thereby improving the sensitivity by 2.3X compared to the above-threshold operation. A test-chip containing 128 PMOS and 128 NMOS devices has been fabri...

PALLADIUM/COPPER ALLOY COMPOSITE MEMBRANES FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE HYDROGEN SEPARATION FROM COAL-DERIVED GAS STREAMS; F

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

J. Douglas Way; Robert L. McCormick

2001-01-01

Recent advances have shown that Pd-Cu composite membranes are not susceptible to the mechanical, embrittlement, and poisoning problems that have prevented widespread industrial use of Pd for high temperature H(sub 2) separation. These membranes consist of a thin ((approx)10(micro)m) film of metal deposited on the inner surface of a porous metal or ceramic tube. Based on preliminary results, thin Pd(sub 60)Cu(sub 40) films are expected to exhibit hydrogen flux up to ten times larger than commercial polymer membranes for H(sub 2) separation, and resist poisoning by H(sub 2)S and other sulfur compounds typical of coal gas. Similar Pd-membranes have been operated at temperatures as high as 750 C. The overall objective of the proposed project is to demonstrate the feasibility of using sequential electroless plating to fabricate Pd(sub 60)Cu(sub 40) alloy membranes on porous supports for H(sub 2) separation. These following advantages of these membranes for processing of coal-derived gas will be demonstrated: High H(sub 2) flux; Sulfur tolerant, even at very high total sulfur levels (1000 ppm); Operation at temperatures well above 500 C; and Resistance to embrittlement and degradation by thermal cycling. The proposed research plan is designed to providing a fundamental understanding of: Factors important in membrane fabrication; Optimization of membrane structure and composition; Effect of temperature, pressure, and gas composition on H(sub 2) flux and membrane selectivity; and How this membrane technology can be integrated in coal gasification-fuel cell systems

Inclusive-jet cross sections in NC DIS at HERA and a comparison of the k{sub T}, anti-k{sub T} and SIScone jet algorithms

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abramowicz, H. [Tel Aviv University (Israel). Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Physics; Max Planck Inst., Munich (Germany); Abt, I. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Physik, Muenchen (Germany); Adamczyk, L. [AGH-University of Science and Technology, Cracow (PL). Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science] (and others)

2010-03-15

For the first time, differential inclusive-jet cross sections have been measured in neutral current deep inelastic ep scattering using the anti-k{sub T} and SIScone algorithms. The measurements were made for boson virtualities Q{sup 2} > 125 GeV{sup 2} with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 82 pb{sup -1} and the jets were identified in the Breit frame. The performance and suitability of the jet algorithms for their use in hadron-like reactions were investigated by comparing the measurements to those performed with the k{sub T} algorithm. Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations give a good description of the measurements. Measurements of the ratios of cross sections using different jet algorithms are also presented; the measured ratios are well described by calculations including up to O({alpha}{sub s}{sup 3}) terms. Values of {alpha}{sub s}(M{sub Z}) were extracted from the data; the results are compatible with and have similar precision to the value extracted from the k{sub T} analysis. (orig.)

Sm{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}CoO{sub 3}+Sm{sub 0.2}Ce{sub 0.8}O{sub 1.9} composite cathode for cermet supported thin Sm{sub 0.2}Ce{sub 0.8}O{sub 1.9} electrolyte SOFC operating below 600{sup o}C

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Xinge; Robertson, Mark; Yick, Sing; Deces-Petit, Cyrille; Styles, Edward; Qu, Wei; Xie, Yongsong; Hui, Rob; Roller, Justin; Kesler, Olivera; Maric, Radenka; Ghosh, Dave [Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation, National Research Council Canada, 3250 East Mall, Vancouver, BC (Canada V6T 1W5)

2006-10-06

The cathode is a key component in low temperature solid oxide fuel cells. In this study, composite cathode, 75wt.% Sm{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}CoO{sub 3} (SSC)+25wt.% Sm{sub 0.2}Ce{sub 0.8}O{sub 1.9} (SDC), was applied on the cermet supported thin SDC electrolyte cell which was fabricated by tape casting, screen-printing, and co-firing. Single cells with the composite cathodes sintered at different temperatures were tested from 400 to 650{sup o}C. The best cell performance, 0.75Wcm{sup -2} peak power operating at 600{sup o}C, was obtained from the 1050{sup o}C sintered cathode. The measured thin SDC electrolyte resistance R{sub s} was 0.128{omega}cm{sup 2} and total electrode polarization R{sub p}(a+c) was only 0.102{omega}cm{sup 2} at 600{sup o}C. (author)

High-power and long-pulse operation of TE{sub 31,11} mode gyrotron

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ikeda, Ryosuke, E-mail: ikeda.ryosuke@jaea.go.jp; Kajiwara, Ken; Oda, Yasuhisa; Takahashi, Koji; Sakamoto, Keishi

2015-10-15

Highlights: • We are under development of TE{sub 31,11} mode gyrotron to aim ITER specification. • HE{sub 11} mode purity reached 96% of ITER specification. • Mode competition was suppressed in initial phase of oscillation by anode voltage control. • Maximum output power of 1.2 MW was achieved. • Steady state operation of 500 MJ was achieved. - Abstract: The ITER electron cyclotron system is designed to inject a 20 MW RF beam by using twenty-four 170 GHz/1 MW gyrotrons. JAEA is currently developing a gyrotron having a high-order mode (TE{sub 31,11}) to reduce the heat load in the cavity resonator and achieve an output power greater than 1 MW. The measured radiation profile at the front of the diamond window agreed with the results of the calculation. In order to suppress RF loss in the equatorial and upper port launchers, a high-quality HE{sub 11} mode is required at the exit of the matching optics unit (MOU). An HE{sub 11} mode purity of 96% was achieved by finely adjusting the two mirrors in the MOU. During the oscillation start-up phase, mode competition with counter-rotating TE{sub 29,12} mode was observed on the higher magnetic field side which caused arcing and pressure increase in the gyrotron. To avoid the counter-rotating TE{sub 29,12} mode from being excited, a start-up scenario that controls the voltage between the anode and cathode electrodes at the initial phase of operation was introduced, which was able to achieve a stable start-up of TE{sub 31,11} mode. A 1.2 MW output power having a total electric efficiency of 43% was obtained in high-power experiments. In steady-state operation, a 1000 s oscillation length and output power of 0.51 MW was achieved.

Phase separation, crystallization and polyamorphism in the Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Skinner, Lawrie B; Barnes, Adrian C [H H Wills Physics Laboratory, Royal Fort, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL (United Kingdom); Salmon, Philip S [Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY (United Kingdom); Crichton, Wilson A [European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, Grenoble Cedex, F-38043 (France)], E-mail: a.c.barnes@bristol.ac.uk

2008-05-21

A detailed study of glass formation from aerodynamically levitated liquids in the (Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}){sub x}(Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}){sub 1-x} system for the composition range 0.21{<=}x{<=}0.41 was undertaken by using pyrometric, optical imaging and x-ray diffraction methods. Homogeneous and clear single-phase glasses were produced over the composition range 0.27{<=}x{<=}0.33. For Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-rich compositions (0.33{<=}x{<=}0.375), cloudy materials were produced which contain inclusions of crystalline yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) of diameter up to 40 {mu}m in a glassy matrix. For Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-poor compositions around x = 0.24, cloudy materials were also produced, but it was not possible to deduce whether this resulted from (i) sub-micron inclusions of a nano-crystalline or glassy material in a glassy matrix or (ii) a glass formed by spinodal decomposition. For x = 0.21, however, the sample cloudiness results from crystallization into at least two phases comprising yttrium aluminium perovskite and alumina. The associated pyrometric cooling curve shows slow recalescence events with a continuous and slow evolution of excess heat which contrasts with the sharp recalescence events observed for the crystallization of YAG at compositions near x = 0.375. The materials that are the most likely candidates for demonstrating homogeneous nucleation of a second liquid phase occur around x = 0.25, which corresponds to the limit for formation of a continuous random network of corner-shared AlO{sub 4} tetrahedra.

Persistence of slow fluctuations in the overdoped regime of Ba(Fe<sub>1-xsub>Rh_x)>2sub>As>2sub> superconductors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bossoni, L. [Univ. of Pavia (Italy); Leiden Univ. (Netherlands); Moroni, M. [Univ. of Pavia (Italy); Julien, M. H. [Leiden Univ. (Netherlands); Canfield, Paul C. [Ames Lab. and Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States); Mayaffre, H. [Leiden Univ. (Netherlands); Reyes, A. [National High Magnetic Field Lab., Tallahassee, FL (United States); Halperin, W. P. [Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States); Carretta, P. [Univ. of Pavia (Italy)

2016-04-15

We present nuclear magnetic resonance evidence that very slow (1 MHz) spin fluctuations persist into the overdoped regime of Ba(Fe<sub>1-xsub>Rh_x)>2sub>As>2sub> superconductors. Measurements of the ⁷⁵As spin echo decay rate, obtained both with Hahn Echo and Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill pulse sequences, show that the slowing down of spin uctuations can be described by short-range diffusive dynamics, likely involving domain walls motions separating (π/a, 0) from (0, π/a) correlated regions. This slowing down of the fluctuations is weakly sensitive to the external magnetic field and, although fading away with doping, it extends deeply into the overdoped regime.

Operating results of Kosmos Cement's O-SEPA separator for raw grinding

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ireland, T C [Consultec Ltd., Toronto (CA); Schultz, G K [Southdown Incorporated, Houston, TX (US)

1991-01-01

High efficiency separators were first introduced in the cement industry to improve the energy efficiency of finish grinding circuits. Lately, however, a great deal of interest has been focused on improving the energy efficiency of raw grinding circuits. High efficiency separators have successfully been installed in roller mills as well as in ball mill raw grinding circuits. This paper describes the operating experience of the first installation in North America using a high efficiency separator in a raw grinding circuit. This installation, commissioned in 1988 at the Louisville, Kentucky plant of Kosmos Cement, uses a conventional 4500 HP ball mill and a high efficiency dynamic separator to produce raw meal for a preheater kiln as well as high fineness limestone for sulphur scrubbing in a nearby power plant. The system uses kiln exhaust gases for drying both in the mill and in the separator. (author).

Vibrational state-resolved differential cross sections for the D + H sub 2 yields DH + H reaction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Continetti, R.E.

1989-11-01

In this thesis, crossed-molecular-beams studies of the reaction D + H{sub 2} {yields} DH + H at collision energies of 0.53 and 1.01 eV are reported. Chapter 1 provides a survey of important experimental and theoretical studies on the dynamics of the hydrogen exchange reaction. Chapter 2 discusses the development of the excimer-laser photolysis D atom beam source that was used in these studies and preliminary experiments on the D + H{sub 2} reaction. In Chapter 3, the differential cross section measurements are presented and compared to recent theoretical predictions. The measured differential cross sections for rotationally excited DH products showed significant deviations from recent quantum scattering calculations, in the first detailed comparison of experimental and theoretical differential cross sections. These results indicate that further work on the H{sub 3} potential energy surface, particularly the bending potential, is in order.

Operations and maintenance manual for the water/oil separator (F-2014)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nielsen, R.M.

1996-01-01

This Document Provides Operating, Maintenance and Spare Part Information for the Ultra Aqua UFA-6 Water/Oil Separator Installed at MASF. (The plant has been designed for processing of condensates from air compressors.)

Rosenbluth separation of the $\\pi^0$ Electroproduction Cross Section off the Neutron

OpenAIRE

Mazouz, M.; Ahmed, Z.; Albataineh, H.; Allada, K.; Aniol, K. A.; Bellini, V.; Benali, M.; Boeglin, W.; Bertin, P.; Brossard, M.; Camsonne, A.; Canan, M.; Chandavar, S.; Chen, C.; Chen, J. -P.

2017-01-01

We report the first longitudinal/transverse separation of the deeply virtual exclusive $\\pi^0$ electroproduction cross section off the neutron and coherent deuteron. The corresponding four structure functions $d\\sigma_L/dt$, $d\\sigma_T/dt$, $d\\sigma_{LT}/dt$ and $d\\sigma_{TT}/dt$ are extracted as a function of the momentum transfer to the recoil system at $Q^2$=1.75 GeV$^2$ and $x_B$=0.36. The $ed \\to ed\\pi^0$ cross sections are found compatible with the small values expected from theoretical...

Magnetization and ESR studies of La{sub 0.67}(Ca{sub 1−x}Mg{sub x}){sub 0.33}MnO{sub 3} systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sendil Kumar, A., E-mail: sendilphy@gmail.com [School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046 (India); Ravinder Reddy, K [School of Engineering Sciences & Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046 (India); Bhatnagar, Anil K. [School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046 (India); School of Engineering Sciences & Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046 (India)

2015-08-05

Highlights: • Mg substitution reduces the ferromagnetic strength. • Inhomogeneous broadening is due to phase separation. • Griffiths phase existence is probed. - Abstract: Magnetization studies and line shape analysis on Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectra of La{sub 0.67}(Ca{sub 1−x}Mg{sub x}){sub 0.33}MnO{sub 3} are carried out. In paramagnetic phase well above T{sub c}, the ESR spectra are single Lorentzian but below and near T{sup ∗}{sub ΔHPP}, (T{sup ∗}{sub ΔHPP} is temperature at which line width is minimum) inhomogeneous broadening with asymmetry in the signal is observed due to phase separation. The resonance field below T{sup ∗}{sub ΔHPP} decreases with decreasing temperature. Above T{sub c} the intensity of the ESR spectra obeys the thermally activated model (Arrhenius behavior). Substitution of Mg weakens the ferromagnetic interaction and evolution of change in lineshape near T{sub c} is an evidence of Griffiths phase (coexistence of paramagnetic and ferromagnetic) in Mg doped LCMO system.

The mechanism of specific capacitance improvement of supercapacitors based on MnO{sub 2} at an elevated operating temperature

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xu Juliang; Li Zhao; Han Dong; Deng Bo; Li Jin; Jiang Yiming, E-mail: corrosion@fudan.edu.cn

2012-07-01

Amorphous nanostructured MnO{sub 2} film was anodically deposited onto economical duplex stainless steel substrate. The obtained MnO{sub 2} film was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for microstructural, morphological, and compositional studies. The capacitive behavior was systematically investigated by cyclic voltammetry, charge-discharge cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 1 M Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4} electrolyte at different operating temperatures ranging from 20 to 60 Degree-Sign C. The specific capacitance (SC) was improved with an increase of operating temperature, and the highest SC of 398 F/g was achieved at a scan rate of 10 mV/s and operating temperature of 60 Degree-Sign C. The mechanism of SC improvement at elevated operating temperature was investigated using EIS. With an increase of operating temperature, the conductivity of electrolyte was improved, and the charge-transfer resistance (R{sub ct}) was decreased. The temperature dependence of 1/R{sub ct} follows an Arrhenius equation. The MnO{sub 2} film was electrochemically activated at 60 Degree-Sign C due to the formation of Na{sub y}MnO{sub 2} after discharging. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer MnO{sub 2} was anodically deposited onto duplex stainless steel substrate. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The effect of operating temperature on the performance of MnO{sub 2} was studied. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The mechanism of specific capacitance improvement was investigated.

Inclusive high-p<sub>$\\perp$> b$\\bar{b}$cross section measurement at √s = 1.96-TeV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Galyaev, Eugene N. [Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States)

2006-11-01

The Run II physics program at the Tevatron started in the spring of 2001 with protons and antiprotons colliding at an energy of √s = 1.96 TeV, and is continuing with about 1.2 fb^-1 of data currently collected by the CDF and D0 experiments. A measurement of the b-jet cross section as function of jet transverse momentum p<sub>$\\perp$> has been performed using 312 pb^-1 of D0 data. The results for this measurement were obtained and are presented herein. A neural network algorithm was used to identify b jets.

Multi-step compound contribution to the pre-equilibrium cross section

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mcvoy, K.W.; Hussein, M.S.

1980-03-01

We show that the fluctuation cross section for the generalized-exciton or nested-doorway model can be obtained explicitly and exactly in the limit that doorways of successive classes have very different widths, γ sub(n)>> γ sub(n+1), and that doorways of a given class are overlapping, γ sub(n) > D sub(n). The result is given in terms of experimentally observable quantities, and explicitly separates the compound and pre-compound contributions. It contains the results of previous, more specialized, models a limiting cases. (Author) [pt

Using Amniotic Membrane as Wound Covering After Cesarean Section Operation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Manjas, Menkher; Helmi, Helfial

2002-01-01

Early mobilization and good wound operation healing are the other aim of all treatment for cesarean section operation. Especially for wound healing we can use amniotic membrane which is soft, easy to shape wound surface, satisfactory adhesive properties, good elasticity and sufficient transparency which allows wound control without secondary redressing. From July 1999 until December 1999 total of 196 patients undergoing cesarean section with amnion as would covering were evaluated for injection of amnion, sign of wound injection, and duration of wound healing. Amniotic membrane gives best results in wound healing, no sing of rejection and there is no different results between emergency operation and elective operation, clean and dirty operation

Photoelectric properties and charge dynamics in ZnO nanowires/Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9} and ZnO nanowires/In{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9} heterostructures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Xiangyang, E-mail: lxy081276@126.com, E-mail: yzgu@henu.edu.cn; Wang, Shun; Gu, Yuzong, E-mail: lxy081276@126.com, E-mail: yzgu@henu.edu.cn [Institue of Microsystems Physics and School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004 (China); Zhang, Jingwei; Zhang, Jiwei [The Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of MOE, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004 (China)

2014-12-28

ZnO nanowires arrays were preformed in a horizontal double-tube system. Two types of heterostructures (ZnO nanowires/Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9} and ZnO nanowires/In{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9}) and three-dimensional solar cells were fabricated with ZnO nanowires arrays as working electrode, In{sub 2}O{sub 3} as buffer layer, and Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9} as inorganic dye and hole collector. It is suggested that two types of heterostructures have the similar absorption properties with single Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9}. However, the results of steady state and electric field-induced surface photovoltage indicate that ZnO nanowires/In{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9} exhibits the higher photovoltaic response than ZnO nanowires/Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9}. Using the transient surface photovoltage spectroscopy, we further studied the separation and transport mechanism of photogenerated charges. Furthermore, Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9}/In{sub 2}O{sub 3}/ZnO cells presents the better performance than Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9}/ZnO cells and the highest efficiencies are about 6.4% and 5.2%, respectively. It is suggested that direct paths, interface barrier, built-in electric field, and double energy level matchings between conduction bands (Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9} and In{sub 2}O{sub 3}, In{sub 2}O{sub 3} and ZnO) have obvious effect on the separation of photogenerated charges. Then we discussed the synthetic action on the charge dynamics from these factors.

Characteristics of membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactor under sub-critical flux operation.

Science.gov (United States)

Su, Y C; Huang, C P; Pan, Jill R; Lee, H C

2008-01-01

Recently, the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process has become one of the novel technologies to enhance the performance of biological treatment of wastewater. Membrane bioreactor process uses the membrane unit to replace a sediment tank, and this can greatly enhance treatment performance. However, membrane fouling in MBR restricts its widespread application because it leads to permeate flux decline, making more frequent membrane cleaning and replacement necessary, which then increases operating and maintenance costs. This study investigated the sludge characteristics in membrane fouling under sub-critical flux operation and also assessed the effect of shear stress on membrane fouling. Membrane fouling was slow under sub-critical flux operation. However, as filamentous microbes became dominant in the reactor, membrane fouling increased dramatically due to the increased viscosity and polysaccharides. A close link was found between membrane fouling and the amount of polysaccharides in soluble EPS. The predominant resistance was the cake resistance which could be minimized by increasing the shear stress. However, the resistance of colloids and solutes was not apparently reduced by increasing shear stress. Therefore, smaller particles such as macromolecules (e.g. polysaccharides) may play an important role in membrane fouling under sub-critical flux operation.

Two-bunch operation with ns temporal separation at the FERMI FEL facility

Science.gov (United States)

Penco, Giuseppe; Allaria, Enrico; Bassanese, Silvano; Cinquegrana, Paolo; Cleva, Stefano; Danailov, Miltcho B.; Demidovich, Alexander; Ferianis, Mario; Gaio, Giulio; Giannessi, Luca; Masciovecchio, Claudio; Predonzani, Mauro; Rossi, Fabio; Roussel, Eleonore; Spampinati, Simone; Trovò, Mauro

2018-05-01

In the last decade, a continuous effort has been dedicated to extending the capabilities of existing free-electron lasers (FELs) operating in the x-ray and vacuum ultraviolet regimes. In this framework, the generation of two-color (or multi-color) temporally separated FEL pulses, has paved the way to new x-ray pump and probe experiments and several two-color two-pulse schemes have been implemented at the main facilities, but with a generally limited time-separation between the pulses, from 0 to few hundreds of fs. This limitation may be overcome by generating light with two independent electron bunches, temporally separated by integral multiples of the radio-frequency period. This solution was investigated at FERMI, measurements and characterization of this two-bunch mode of operation are presented, including trajectory control, impact of longitudinal and transverse wakefields, manipulation of the longitudinal phase space and finally a demonstration of suitability of the scheme to provide extreme ultraviolet light by using both bunches.

Separability in distant Jauch-type hybrid macrostates of a quantum and classical system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Herbut, F.

1986-01-01

It is assumed that for a quantum system (Q) plus a classical one (C) that are in a distant state the actually measurable Hermitian operators are of the form A circle cross Sigma/sub k epsilon K/ b/sub k/Q/sub k/ (A is any Hermitian operator for Q, and the decomposition Sigma/sub k/Q/sub k/ = 1 of the identity is, after von Neumann, characteristic for C). This leads to Jauch-type macrostates (classes of microstates or statistical operators) for Q + C. On the other hand, it is shown that in the Q + Q case the essence of quantum correlations are the conditional states (or statistical operators) of subsystem I and the reduced state rho/sub II/. Along these lines, the correlation entities (as a complete set of invariants) for the macrostates of the Q + C system are derived, and it is shown that one can make an isomorphic transition from the σ-convex set of the latter to that of the hybrid macrostates (rho/sub k/, p/sub k/). Here rho/sub k/ is the conditional state of Q under the condition that Q/sub k/ occurs on C, and p/sub k/ is a classical discrete probability distribution on K, taking the place of rho/sub II/ as the macrostate of C. This study indirectly throws new light on the nonseparability in the Q + Q case by contrasting it with a well-understood separability in the C + C and Q + C cases

Feature of operation of separator with flexible cylinder for grain unmixing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. Yu. Churyumov

2017-01-01

Full Text Available For increase in grain production it is necessary to use effectively machines for postharvest grain handling. But their shortcoming is the unsatisfactory work of the separating tools which is not conforming to modern requirements. The research of separator with the flexible cylinder revealed that its efficiency and particles passing through throughs depend on the relative speed of a grain layer and mesh lengths. Values of relative speeds of a layer for the cylinders having throughs of various length in case of which the greatest separation of particles is possible are established. At a cylinder circumferential speed of 5.17 m per second for throughs 16 mm long the relative speed of a layer should not exceed 1.04 m per second; of 56 mm - 2.07 m per second; of 96 mm - 3.43 m per second. Fine particles separation through cylinders throughs (processing capacity corresponds to theoretical prerequisites. The author determined angular coordinates in a material feed zone where relative speeds of a layer were high - 2.2-4.0 m per second. Processing capacity of throughs at the beginning of a zone was equal to zero, then with reduction of speed slowly increased. Throughs of bigger length in this zone (96 mm separated approximately twice more particles, than short one(16 mm. In a zone of the main separation the relative speed of a layer decreased from 1.8 to 0.8 m per second. Processing capacity in all mashes increased. throughs of bigger length had, respectively, the best processing capacity. The greatest allocation of particles through throughs corresponds to the relative speed of a layer of 0.7-0.9 m per second. The completeness of separation equal 0.8 and above, is reached in cylinders with throughs 96 mm long for 2 operation cycles, and with a length of 16 mm - for 3 cycles. Specific throughput was equal 1.05 and 0.7 kg per second per 1 sq. m respectively. Due to operation of a separator with the flexible cylinder and throughs of 56 mm long grain

Baxter Q-operator and separation of variables for the open SL(2, R) spin chain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Derkachov, Sergey E.; Korchemsky, Gregory P.; Manashov, Alexander N.

2003-01-01

We construct the Baxter Q-operator and the representation of the Separated Variables (SoV) for the homogeneous open SL(2, R) spin chain. Applying the diagrammatical approach, we calculate Sklyanin's integration measure in the separated variables and obtain the solution to the spectral problem for the model in terms of the eigenvalues of the Q-operator. We show that the transition kernel to the SoV representation is factorized into the product of certain operators each depending on a single separated variable. As a consequence, it has a universal pyramid-like form that has been already observed for vari- ous quantum integrable models such as periodic Toda chain, closed SL(2, R) and SL(2, C) spin chains. (author)

Rosenbluth Separation of the π^{0} Electroproduction Cross Section.

Science.gov (United States)

Defurne, M; Mazouz, M; Ahmed, Z; Albataineh, H; Allada, K; Aniol, K A; Bellini, V; Benali, M; Boeglin, W; Bertin, P; Brossard, M; Camsonne, A; Canan, M; Chandavar, S; Chen, C; Chen, J-P; de Jager, C W; de Leo, R; Desnault, C; Deur, A; El Fassi, L; Ent, R; Flay, D; Friend, M; Fuchey, E; Frullani, S; Garibaldi, F; Gaskell, D; Giusa, A; Glamazdin, O; Golge, S; Gomez, J; Hansen, O; Higinbotham, D; Holmstrom, T; Horn, T; Huang, J; Huang, M; Huber, G M; Hyde, C E; Iqbal, S; Itard, F; Kang, Ho; Kang, Hy; Kelleher, A; Keppel, C; Koirala, S; Korover, I; LeRose, J J; Lindgren, R; Long, E; Magne, M; Mammei, J; Margaziotis, D J; Markowitz, P; Martí Jiménez-Argüello, A; Meddi, F; Meekins, D; Michaels, R; Mihovilovic, M; Muangma, N; Muñoz Camacho, C; Nadel-Turonski, P; Nuruzzaman, N; Paremuzyan, R; Puckett, A; Punjabi, V; Qiang, Y; Rakhman, A; Rashad, M N H; Riordan, S; Roche, J; Russo, G; Sabatié, F; Saenboonruang, K; Saha, A; Sawatzky, B; Selvy, L; Shahinyan, A; Sirca, S; Solvignon, P; Sperduto, M L; Subedi, R; Sulkosky, V; Sutera, C; Tobias, W A; Urciuoli, G M; Wang, D; Wojtsekhowski, B; Yao, H; Ye, Z; Zana, L; Zhan, X; Zhang, J; Zhao, B; Zhao, Z; Zheng, X; Zhu, P

2016-12-23

We present deeply virtual π^{0} electroproduction cross-section measurements at x_{B}=0.36 and three different Q^{2} values ranging from 1.5 to 2  GeV^{2}, obtained from Jefferson Lab Hall A experiment E07-007. The Rosenbluth technique is used to separate the longitudinal and transverse responses. Results demonstrate that the cross section is dominated by its transverse component and, thus, is far from the asymptotic limit predicted by perturbative quantum chromodynamics. Nonetheless, an indication of a nonzero longitudinal contribution is provided by the measured interference term σ_{LT}. Results are compared with several models based on the leading-twist approach of generalized parton distributions (GPDs). In particular, a fair agreement is obtained with models in which the scattering amplitude includes convolution terms of chiral-odd (transversity) GPDs of the nucleon with the twist-3 pion distribution amplitude. This experiment, together with previous extensive unseparated measurements, provides strong support to the exciting idea that transversity GPDs can be accessed via neutral pion electroproduction in the high-Q^{2} regime.

Rosenbluth Separation of the π0 Electroproduction Cross Section

Science.gov (United States)

Defurne, M.; Mazouz, M.; Ahmed, Z.; Albataineh, H.; Allada, K.; Aniol, K. A.; Bellini, V.; Benali, M.; Boeglin, W.; Bertin, P.; Brossard, M.; Camsonne, A.; Canan, M.; Chandavar, S.; Chen, C.; Chen, J.-P.; de Jager, C. W.; de Leo, R.; Desnault, C.; Deur, A.; El Fassi, L.; Ent, R.; Flay, D.; Friend, M.; Fuchey, E.; Frullani, S.; Garibaldi, F.; Gaskell, D.; Giusa, A.; Glamazdin, O.; Golge, S.; Gomez, J.; Hansen, O.; Higinbotham, D.; Holmstrom, T.; Horn, T.; Huang, J.; Huang, M.; Huber, G. M.; Hyde, C. E.; Iqbal, S.; Itard, F.; Kang, Ho.; Kang, Hy.; Kelleher, A.; Keppel, C.; Koirala, S.; Korover, I.; LeRose, J. J.; Lindgren, R.; Long, E.; Magne, M.; Mammei, J.; Margaziotis, D. J.; Markowitz, P.; Martí Jiménez-Argüello, A.; Meddi, F.; Meekins, D.; Michaels, R.; Mihovilovic, M.; Muangma, N.; Muñoz Camacho, C.; Nadel-Turonski, P.; Nuruzzaman, N.; Paremuzyan, R.; Puckett, A.; Punjabi, V.; Qiang, Y.; Rakhman, A.; Rashad, M. N. H.; Riordan, S.; Roche, J.; Russo, G.; Sabatié, F.; Saenboonruang, K.; Saha, A.; Sawatzky, B.; Selvy, L.; Shahinyan, A.; Sirca, S.; Solvignon, P.; Sperduto, M. L.; Subedi, R.; Sulkosky, V.; Sutera, C.; Tobias, W. A.; Urciuoli, G. M.; Wang, D.; Wojtsekhowski, B.; Yao, H.; Ye, Z.; Zana, L.; Zhan, X.; Zhang, J.; Zhao, B.; Zhao, Z.; Zheng, X.; Zhu, P.; Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration

2016-12-01

We present deeply virtual π0 electroproduction cross-section measurements at xB=0.36 and three different Q2 values ranging from 1.5 to 2 GeV 2 , obtained from Jefferson Lab Hall A experiment E07-007. The Rosenbluth technique is used to separate the longitudinal and transverse responses. Results demonstrate that the cross section is dominated by its transverse component and, thus, is far from the asymptotic limit predicted by perturbative quantum chromodynamics. Nonetheless, an indication of a nonzero longitudinal contribution is provided by the measured interference term σL T. Results are compared with several models based on the leading-twist approach of generalized parton distributions (GPDs). In particular, a fair agreement is obtained with models in which the scattering amplitude includes convolution terms of chiral-odd (transversity) GPDs of the nucleon with the twist-3 pion distribution amplitude. This experiment, together with previous extensive unseparated measurements, provides strong support to the exciting idea that transversity GPDs can be accessed via neutral pion electroproduction in the high-Q2 regime.

System of Sr(NO sub 2 ) sub 2 -Sr(OH) sub 2 -H sub 2 O at 25 deg C. Sistema Sr(NO sub 2 ) sub 2 -H sub 2 O pri 25 grad C

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Popova, T B; Berdyukova, V A; Khutsistova, F M [Kalmytskij Gosudarstvennyj Univ., Ehlista (USSR) Rostovskij-na-Donu Gosudarstvennyj Univ., Rostov-na-Donu (USSR)

1990-02-01

Sr(NO{sub 2}){sub 2}-Sr(OH){sub 2}-H{sub 2}O system was investigated by the methods of solubility, density, viscosity, electric conductivity and refractometry. It was established that its compoments form the compound 4Sr(NO{sub 2}){sub 2}xSr(OH){sub 2}x8H{sub 2}O. The compound was separated from solution; its density, decomposition temperature were determined; IR spectra and X-ray patterns of prepared and initial compounds were obtained.

Study of coexisting phases in Bi doped La{sub 0.67}Sr{sub 0.33}MnO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kambhala, Nagaiah [Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Jalahalli, Bangalore 560013 (India); Chen, Miaoxiang [Advanced Nanofabrication, Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 239955 (Saudi Arabia); Li, Peng; Zhang, Xi-xiang [Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 239955 (Saudi Arabia); Rajesh, Desapogu [School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046 (India); Bhagyashree, K.S.; Goveas, Lora Rita; Bhat, S.V. [Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012 (India); Kumar, P. Anil; Mathieu, Roland [Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 21 Uppsala (Sweden); Angappane, S., E-mail: angappane@cens.res.in [Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Jalahalli, Bangalore 560013 (India)

2016-05-15

We report the remarkable phase separation behavior in La{sub 0.67}Sr{sub 0.33}MnO{sub 3} doped with Bi{sup 3+} ion at La site. The temperature dependent resistivity and magnetization of La{sub 0.67−x}Bi{sub x}Sr{sub 0.33}MnO{sub 3} (x>0) show the presence of phase separation of ferromagnetic metallic and charge ordered antiferromagnetic insulating phases. Markedly, the field dependant magnetization studies of La{sub 0.67−x}Bi{sub x}Sr{sub 0.33}MnO{sub 3} (x=0.3) show the metamagnetic nature of ferromagnetic metallic state implying the competition of coexisting ferromagnetic metallic and charge ordered antiferromagnetic phases. The electron spin resonance and exchange bias studies of La{sub 0.67−x}Bi{sub x}Sr{sub 0.33}MnO{sub 3} (x=0.4 and 0.5) substantiate the coexistence of ferromagnetic clusters in antiferromagnetic matrix. - Highlights: • La{sub 0.67−x}Bi{sub x}Sr{sub 0.33}MnO{sub 3} show the transition from rhombohedral to orthorhombic structure. • Resistivity and magnetization for x>0 show phase separation of FMM and AFI phases. • La{sub 0.37}Bi{sub 0.3}Sr{sub 0.33}MnO{sub 3} exhibits a competition of FMM and AFI phases. • Magnetization and ESR illustrate coexisting FM clusters in AFM matrix for x=0.4, 0.5.

Determination of the strong coupling constant α{sub s} (m{sub Z}) from measurements of the total cross section for top-antitop-quark production

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klijnsma, Thomas; Dissertori, Guenther [ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics, Zurich (Switzerland); Bethke, Siegfried [Max-Planck-Institute of Physics, Munich (Germany); Salam, Gavin P. [CERN, Theoretical Physics Department, Geneva (Switzerland); CNRS, UMR 7589, LPTHE, Paris (France)

2017-11-15

We present a determination of the strong coupling constant α{sub s} (m{sub Z}) using inclusive top-quark pair production cross section measurements performed at the LHC and at the Tevatron. Following a procedure first applied by the CMS Collaboration, we extract individual values of α{sub s} (m{sub Z}) from measurements by different experiments at several centre-of-mass energies, using QCD predictions complete in NNLO perturbation theory, supplemented with NNLL approximations to all orders, and suitable sets of parton distribution functions. The determinations are then combined using a likelihood-based approach, where special emphasis is put on a consistent treatment of theoretical uncertainties and of correlations between various sources of systematic uncertainties. Our final combined result is α{sub s} (m{sub Z}) = 0.1177{sup +0.0034}{sub -0.0036}. (orig.)

Hadronic total cross-sections: separation of pomeron and proper reggeon components

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kobylinskij, N.A.; Kosenko, A.I.; Martynov, E.S.; Timokhin, V.V.

1985-01-01

All the data on nucleon-nucleon and meson-nucleon total cross sections are analyzed to distinguish the contributions of rho, A 2 and ω reggeons and to separate the two vacuum components - the pomeron and the f-reggeon ones. The ranges of the f-reggeon parameters when the pomeron shape varies over a wide region are determined. It is established that the f-reggeon intercept is much higher than was previously thought

Ab-initio study of the stability of the D8{sub m}-Nb{sub 5}Sn{sub 2}Ga and D8{sub m}-Ta{sub 5}SnGa{sub 2} compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Colinet, Catherine, E-mail: ccolinet@simap.grenoble-inp.fr [Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés, Grenoble INP, UJF, CNRS, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères Cedex (France); Tedenac, Jean-Claude [Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux I.C.G., UMR-CNRS 5253, Université Montpellier II, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France)

2015-03-15

Graphical abstract: Thermodynamic data along the sections Ta{sub 5}Sn{sub 3}–Ta{sub 5}Ga{sub 3} at low and high temperature. - Highlights: • First principles calculations were performed along sections V{sub 5}Sn{sub 3}–V{sub 5}Ga{sub 3}, Nb{sub 5}Sn{sub 3}–Nb{sub 5}Ga{sub 3}, and Ta{sub 5}Sn{sub 3}–Ta{sub 5}Ga{sub 3}. • The ternary compound D8{sub m}-Nb{sub 5}Sn{sub 2}Ga is stable. • The phase D8{sub m}-Ta{sub 5}SnGa{sub 2} is stable in the D8{sub m} structure. • In this phase, the Sn and Ga atoms share the 8h sites. - Abstract: First principles calculations have been performed in the T–Sn–Ga (T = V, Nb, Ta) systems along the section x{sub T} = 0.625. The enthalpies of formation of the binary and ternary D8{sub m}, D8{sub 1}, and D8{sub 8} structures have been calculated. In the V–Sn–Ga system, no ternary structure is stable in the section. In the Nb–Sn–Ga system, the ternary compound D8{sub m}-Nb{sub 5}Sn{sub 2}Ga is stable. In the Ta–Sn–Ga system, a combination of the ab-initio calculations and Gibbs energy calculations using the sublattice model allows the show that the phase D8{sub m}-Ta{sub 5}(Sn,Ga){sub 2}Ga with a mixed occupancy of the 8h sites of the structure by Ga and Sn atoms is stable at high temperature due to the configurational entropy. These results are in agreement with the experimental determinations previously published in the literature.

Summary of facility and operating experience on helium engineering demonstration loop (HENDEL)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ouchi, Yoshihiro; Fujisaki, Katsuo; Kobayashi, Toshiaki; Kato, Michio; Ota, Yukimaru; Watanabe, Syuji; Kobayashi, Hideki; Mogi, Haruyoshi [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Oarai, Ibaraki (Japan). Oarai Research Establishment

1996-07-01

The HENDEL is a test facility to perform full scale demonstration tests on the core internals and high temperature components for the High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor(HTTR). The main systems consist of Mother(M) and Adapter(A), fuel stack Test(T{sub 1}) and in-core structure Test(T{sub 2}) sections. The (M+A) section can supply high temperature helium gas to the test section. The M+A section completed in March 1982 has been operated for about 22900 hours till February 1995. The T{sub 1} and T{sub 2} sections, completed in March 1983 and June 1986, have been operated for about 19400 and 16700 hours, respectively. In this period, a large number of tests have been conducted to verify the performance and safety features of the HTTR components. The results obtained from these tests have been effectively applied to the detailed design, licensing procedures and construction of the HTTR. The operating experience of the HENDEL for more than 10 years also brought us establishment of the technique of operation of a large scale helium gas loop, handling of helium gas and maintenance of high temperature facilities. The technique will be available for the operation of the HTTR. This paper mainly describes the summary of plant facirities, operating experience and maintenance on the HENDEL. (author)

Search on neutrino oscillation {nu}{sub {mu}}{yields}{nu}{sub e} in the NOMAD experiment; Recherches des oscillations de neutrinos {nu}{sub {mu}}{yields}{nu}{sub e} dans l`experience NOMAD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Valuev, Viatcheslav [Paris-7 Univ., 75 (France)

1998-07-07

The NOMAD experiment is a search for neutrino oscillations using the large band neutrino beams of SPS at CERN. It is dealing with the two oscillation modes: {nu}{sub {mu}}{yields}{nu}{sub {tau}} and {nu}{sub {mu}}{yields}{nu}{sub e}. This thesis presents the results obtained in the search of oscillations {nu}{sub {mu}}{yields}{nu}{sub e} with the data produced by NOMAD in 1995 and 1996. The first two chapters deal with the short presentation of the neutrino oscillation phenomenology and a summary of the experimental situation. The third chapter describes the experimental setup of the NOMAD detector at CERN, designed to identify the interactions of {nu}{sub e} by means of the charged current. This is done with the transition radiation detector (TRD) designed to separate the electrons from pions with a rejection factor higher then 1000 at an electron efficiency of 90%, in the 1 - 50 GeV region. Details about the TRD operation are given in chapter four. The fifth chapter gives the algorithms of electron-pion separation as well as their performances. The last two chapters present the analysis of the {nu}{sub {mu}}{yields}{nu}{sub e} data obtained in 1995 and 1996 and the final results. The conclusion is that the available data give no evidence for the neutrino oscillations. The upper limit obtained for the mixing angle is sin{sup 2}(2{theta}) < 1.3 {center_dot} 10{sup -3} (90% C.L.). This result eliminates completely the oscillation region of LSND experiment (Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector) at LAMPF for {Delta}m{sup 2} > 15 eV{sup 2} and gives the most constraining world limit on sin{sup 2}(2{theta}) for {Delta}m{sup 2} > 20 eV{sup 2} 123 refs., 82 figs., 37 tabs.

Thermal-neutron fission cross section of 26. 1-min /sup 235/U/sup m/

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Talbert W.L. Jr.; Starner, J.W.; Estep, R.J.; Balestrini, S.J.; Attrep M. Jr.; Efurd, D.W.; Roensch, F.R.

1987-11-01

The thermal-neutron fission cross section of /sup 235/U/sup m/ has been measured relative to the ground-state cross section. A rapid radiochemical separation procedure was developed to provide sizeable (10/sup 10/ to 10/sup 11/ atom) samples that were reasonably free of the parent /sup 239/Pu. From a series of eight measurements, the value of 1.42 +- 0.04 was obtained for the ratio sigma/sub m//sigma/sub g/.

Thermal-neutron fission cross section of 26.1-min /sup 235/U/sup m/

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Talbert, W.L. Jr.; Starner, J.W.; Estep, R.J.; Balestrini, S.J.; Attrep, M. Jr.; Efurd, D.W.; Roensch, F.R.

1987-01-01

The thermal-neutron fission cross section of /sup 235/U/sup m/ has been measured relative to the ground-state cross section. A rapid radiochemical separation procedure was developed to provide sizeable (10/sup 10/ to 10/sup 11/ atom) samples that were reasonably free of the parent /sup 239/Pu. From a series of eight measurements, the value of 1.42 +- 0.04 was obtained for the ratio σ/sub m//σ/sub g/

Sub-LET Threshold SEE Cross Section Dependency with Ion Energy

CERN Document Server

Garcia Alia, Ruben; Brandenburg, Sytze; Brugger, Markus; Daly, Eamonn; Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique; Gaillard, Remi; Hoeffgen, Stefan; Menicucci, Alessandra; Metzger, Stefan; Zadeh, Ali; Muschitiello, Michele; Noordeh, Emil; Santin, Giovanni; CERN. Geneva. ATS Department

2015-01-01

This study focuses on the ion species and energy dependence of the heavy ion SEE cross section in the sub-let threshold region through a set of experimental data. In addition, a Monte Carlo based model is introduced and applied, showing a good agreement with the data in the several hundred MeV/n range while evidencing large discrepancies with the measurements in the 10-30 MeV/n interval, notably for the NE ion. Such discrepancies are carefully analysed and discussed.

Analysis and separation of boron isotopes; Analyse et separation des isotopes du bore

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Perie, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1966-11-01

The nuclear applications of boron-10 justify the study of a method of measurement of its isotopic abundance as well as of very small traces of boron in different materials. A systematic study of thermionic emission of BO{sub 2}Na{sub 2}{sup +} has been carried out. In the presence of a slight excess of alkalis, the thermionic emission is considerably reduced. On the other hand, the addition of a mixture of sodium hydroxide-glycerol (or mannitol) to borax permits to obtain an intense and stable beam. These results have permitted to establish an operative method for the analysis of traces of boron by isotopic dilution. In other respects, the needs of boron-10 in nuclear industry Justify the study of procedures of separation of isotopes of boron. A considerable isotopic effect has been exhibited in the chemical exchange reaction between methyl borate and borate salt in solution. In the case of exchange between methyl borate and sodium borate, the elementary separation factor {alpha} is: {alpha}=(({sup 11}B/{sup 10}B)vap.)/(({sup 11}B/{sup 10}B)liq.)=1.03{sub 3}. The high value of this elementary effect has been multiplied in a distillation column in which the problem of regeneration of the reactive has been resolved. An alternative procedure replacing the alkali borate by a borate of volatile base, for example diethylamine, has also been studied ({alpha}=1,02{sub 5} in medium hydro-methanolic with 2,2 per cent water). (author) [French] Les applications nucleaires du bore 10 justifient l'etude d'une methode de mesure de son abondance isotopique dans divers materiaux ainsi que le dosage de tres faibles traces de bore. Une etude systematique de l'emission thermoionique de BO{sub 2} Na{sub 2}{sup +} a ete effectuee. En presence d'un leger exces d'alcalins, l'emission thermoionique est considerablement reduite. Par contre l'addition au borax d'un melange soude-glycerol (ou mannitol) permet d'obtenir un faisceau stable et intense. Ces resultats ont permis d'etablir un mode

Effect of Fe substitution on magnetocaloric effect in La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}Mn{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x}O{sub 3} (0.05{<=}x{<=}0.20)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barik, S K; Krishnamoorthi, C [Department of Physics and NUS Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, 2 Science Drive 3, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore. (Singapore); Mahendiran, R [Department of Physics and NUS Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, 2 Science Drive 3, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore. (Singapore)

2011-04-15

We have studied the effect of Fe substitution on magnetic and magnetocaloric properties in La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}Mn{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x}O{sub 3} (x=0.05, 0.07, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) over a wide temperature range (T=10-400 K). It is shown that substitution by Fe gradually decreases the ferromagnetic Curie temperature (T{sub C}) and saturation magnetization up to x=0.15 but a dramatic change occurs for x=0.2. The x=0.2 sample can be considered as a phase separated compound in which both short-range ordered ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases coexist. The magnetic entropy change (-{Delta}S{sub m}) was estimated from isothermal magnetization curves and it decreases with increase of Fe content from 4.4 J kg{sup -1} K{sup -1} at 343 K (x=0.05) to 1.3 J kg{sup -1} K{sup -1} at 105 K (x=0.2), under {Delta}H=5 T. The La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}Mn{sub 0.93}Fe{sub 0.07}O{sub 3} sample shows negligible hysteresis loss, operating temperature range over 60 K around room temperature with refrigerant capacity of 225 J kg{sup -1}, and magnetic entropy of 4 J kg{sup -1} K{sup -1} which will be an interesting compound for application in room temperature refrigeration. - Research highlights: > We report magnetocaloric effect in La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}Mn{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x}O{sub 3} (x=0-0.2). > Magnetic entropy change ({Delta}S{sub m}) decreases with increasing x. > A large {Delta}S{sub m} and refrigeration capacity are found around 300 K in x=0.07.

Enhanced photocatalytic activity for degrading pollutants of g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} by promoting oxygen adsorption after H{sub 3}BO{sub 3} modification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Chengming; Raziq, Fazal; Liu, Chong; Li, Zhijun [Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Heilongjiang University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Harbin 150080 (China); Sun, Liqun [Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Heilongjiang University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Harbin 150080 (China); College of Chemical Engineering, Daqing Normal University, Daqing 163712 (China); Jing, Liqiang, E-mail: jinglq@hlju.edu.cn [Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Heilongjiang University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Harbin 150080 (China)

2015-12-15

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • G-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} is modified by a hydrothermal post treatment with orthoboric acid. • The surface modification could enhance the separation of photogenerated charges. • This leads to the enhanced photocatalytic activities for degrading pollutants. • The borate acid modification favors O{sub 2} adsorption to promote charge separation. - Abstract: The g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} has been modified by a hydrothermal post treatment with orthoboric acid. It is shown that the surface modification with an appropriate amount of orthoboric acid obviously enhances the surface photovoltage responses of g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4}, clearly indicating that the separation of photogenerated charges is greatly improved. This is well responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic activities for degrading representative gas-phase acetaldehyde, and liquid-phase phenol. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the amount of O{sub 2} adsorbed on the surfaces of g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} is greatly increased after H{sub 3}BO{sub 3} modification based on the O{sub 2} temperature-programmed desorption curves. It is suggested that the orthoboric acid modification favors O{sub 2} adsorption to promote the photogenerated electrons captured for improved photocatalytic activities. This work would provide feasible routes to further improve the photocatalytic performance of semiconductors for degrading pollutants.

Crashworthiness Analysis and Evaluation of Fuselage Section with Sub-floor Composite Sinusoidal Specimens

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

H.L. Mou

Full Text Available Abstract Crashworthiness is one of the main concerns in civil aviation safety particularly with regard to the increasing ratio of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP in aircraft primary structures. In order to generate dates for model validations, the mechanical properties of T700/3234 were obtained by material performance tests, and energy-absorbing results were gained by quasi-static crushing tests of composite sinusoidal specimens. The correctness of composite material model and single-layer finite element model of composite sinusoidal specimens were verified based on the simulation results and test results that were in good agreement. A typical civil aircraft fuselage section with composite sinusoidal specimens under cargo floor was suggested. The crashworthiness of finite element model of fuselage section was assessed by simulating the vertical drop test subjected to 7 m/s impact velocity, and the influences of different thickness of sub-floor composite sinusoidal specimens on crashworthiness of fuselage section were also analyzed. The simulation results show that the established finite element model can accurately simulate the crushing process of composite sinusoidal specimens; the failure process of fuselage section is more stable, and the safety of occupants can be effectively improved because of the smaller peak accelerations that was limited to human tolerance, a critical thickness of sub-floor composite sinusoidal specimens can restrict the magnitude of acceleration peaks, which has certain reference values for enhancing crashworthiness capabilities of fuselage section and improving the survivability of passengers.

Membranes for separation of carbon dioxide

Science.gov (United States)

Ku, Anthony Yu-Chung [Rexford, NY; Ruud, James Anthony [Delmar, NY; Ramaswamy, Vidya [Niskayuna, NY; Willson, Patrick Daniel [Latham, NY; Gao, Yan [Niskayuna, NY

2011-03-01

Methods for separating carbon dioxide from a fluid stream at a temperature higher than about 200.degree. C. with selectivity higher than Knudsen diffusion selectivity include contacting a porous membrane with the fluid stream to preferentially transport carbon dioxide. The porous membrane includes a porous support and a continuous porous separation layer disposed on a surface of the porous support and extending between the fluid stream and the porous support layer. The porous support comprises alumina, silica, zirconia, stabilized zirconia, stainless steel, titanium, nickel-based alloys, aluminum-based alloys, zirconium-based alloys or a combination thereof. Median pore size of the porous separation layer is less than about 10 nm, and the porous separation layer comprises titania, MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, La.sub.2O.sub.3, CeO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2, Y.sub.2O.sub.3, VO.sub.z, NbO.sub.z, TaO.sub.z, ATiO.sub.3, AZrO.sub.3, AAl.sub.2O.sub.4, A.sup.1FeO.sub.3, A.sup.1MnO.sub.3, A.sup.1CoO.sub.3, A.sup.1NiO.sub.3, A.sup.2HfO.sub.3, A.sup.3 CeO.sub.3, Li.sub.2ZrO.sub.3, Li.sub.2SiO.sub.3, Li.sub.2TiO.sub.3, Li.sub.2HfO.sub.3, A.sup.4N.sup.1.sub.yO.sub.z, Y.sub.xN.sup.1.sub.yO.sub.z, La.sub.xN.sup.1.sub.yO.sub.z, HfN.sup.2.sub.yO.sub.z, or a combination thereof; wherein A is La, Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba; A.sup.1 is La, Ca, Sr or Ba; A.sup.2 is Ca, Sr or Ba; A.sup.3 is Sr or Ba; A.sup.4 is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti or Zr; N.sup.1 is V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Si or Ge; N.sup.2 is V, Mo, W or Si; x is 1 or 2; y ranges from 1 to 3; and z ranges from 2 to 7.

Rosenbluth Separation of the π^{0} Electroproduction Cross Section Off the Neutron.

Science.gov (United States)

Mazouz, M; Ahmed, Z; Albataineh, H; Allada, K; Aniol, K A; Bellini, V; Benali, M; Boeglin, W; Bertin, P; Brossard, M; Camsonne, A; Canan, M; Chandavar, S; Chen, C; Chen, J-P; Defurne, M; de Jager, C W; de Leo, R; Desnault, C; Deur, A; El Fassi, L; Ent, R; Flay, D; Friend, M; Fuchey, E; Frullani, S; Garibaldi, F; Gaskell, D; Giusa, A; Glamazdin, O; Golge, S; Gomez, J; Hansen, O; Higinbotham, D; Holmstrom, T; Horn, T; Huang, J; Huang, M; Huber, G M; Hyde, C E; Iqbal, S; Itard, F; Kang, Ho; Kang, Hy; Kelleher, A; Keppel, C; Koirala, S; Korover, I; LeRose, J J; Lindgren, R; Long, E; Magne, M; Mammei, J; Margaziotis, D J; Markowitz, P; Martí Jiménez-Argüello, A; Meddi, F; Meekins, D; Michaels, R; Mihovilovic, M; Muangma, N; Muñoz Camacho, C; Nadel-Turonski, P; Nuruzzaman, N; Paremuzyan, R; Puckett, A; Punjabi, V; Qiang, Y; Rakhman, A; Rashad, M N H; Riordan, S; Roche, J; Russo, G; Sabatié, F; Saenboonruang, K; Saha, A; Sawatzky, B; Selvy, L; Shahinyan, A; Sirca, S; Solvignon, P; Sperduto, M L; Subedi, R; Sulkosky, V; Sutera, C; Tobias, W A; Urciuoli, G M; Wang, D; Wojtsekhowski, B; Yao, H; Ye, Z; Zana, L; Zhan, X; Zhang, J; Zhao, B; Zhao, Z; Zheng, X; Zhu, P

2017-06-02

We report the first longitudinal-transverse separation of the deeply virtual exclusive π^{0} electroproduction cross section off the neutron and coherent deuteron. The corresponding four structure functions dσ_{L}/dt, dσ_{T}/dt, dσ_{LT}/dt, and dσ_{TT}/dt are extracted as a function of the momentum transfer to the recoil system at Q^{2}=1.75  GeV^{2} and x_{B}=0.36. The ed→edπ^{0} cross sections are found compatible with the small values expected from theoretical models. The en→enπ^{0} cross sections show a dominance from the response to transversely polarized photons, and are in good agreement with calculations based on the transversity generalized parton distributions of the nucleon. By combining these results with previous measurements of π^{0} electroproduction off the proton, we present a flavor decomposition of the u and d quark contributions to the cross section.

Rosenbluth Separation of the π0 Electroproduction Cross Section Off the Neutron

Science.gov (United States)

Mazouz, M.; Ahmed, Z.; Albataineh, H.; Allada, K.; Aniol, K. A.; Bellini, V.; Benali, M.; Boeglin, W.; Bertin, P.; Brossard, M.; Camsonne, A.; Canan, M.; Chandavar, S.; Chen, C.; Chen, J.-P.; Defurne, M.; de Jager, C. W.; de Leo, R.; Desnault, C.; Deur, A.; El Fassi, L.; Ent, R.; Flay, D.; Friend, M.; Fuchey, E.; Frullani, S.; Garibaldi, F.; Gaskell, D.; Giusa, A.; Glamazdin, O.; Golge, S.; Gomez, J.; Hansen, O.; Higinbotham, D.; Holmstrom, T.; Horn, T.; Huang, J.; Huang, M.; Huber, G. M.; Hyde, C. E.; Iqbal, S.; Itard, F.; Kang, Ho.; Kang, Hy.; Kelleher, A.; Keppel, C.; Koirala, S.; Korover, I.; LeRose, J. J.; Lindgren, R.; Long, E.; Magne, M.; Mammei, J.; Margaziotis, D. J.; Markowitz, P.; Martí Jiménez-Argüello, A.; Meddi, F.; Meekins, D.; Michaels, R.; Mihovilovic, M.; Muangma, N.; Muñoz Camacho, C.; Nadel-Turonski, P.; Nuruzzaman, N.; Paremuzyan, R.; Puckett, A.; Punjabi, V.; Qiang, Y.; Rakhman, A.; Rashad, M. N. H.; Riordan, S.; Roche, J.; Russo, G.; Sabatié, F.; Saenboonruang, K.; Saha, A.; Sawatzky, B.; Selvy, L.; Shahinyan, A.; Sirca, S.; Solvignon, P.; Sperduto, M. L.; Subedi, R.; Sulkosky, V.; Sutera, C.; Tobias, W. A.; Urciuoli, G. M.; Wang, D.; Wojtsekhowski, B.; Yao, H.; Ye, Z.; Zana, L.; Zhan, X.; Zhang, J.; Zhao, B.; Zhao, Z.; Zheng, X.; Zhu, P.; Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration

2017-06-01

We report the first longitudinal-transverse separation of the deeply virtual exclusive π0 electroproduction cross section off the neutron and coherent deuteron. The corresponding four structure functions d σL/d t , d σT/d t , d σL T/d t , and d σT T/d t are extracted as a function of the momentum transfer to the recoil system at Q2=1.75 GeV2 and xB=0.36 . The e d →e d π0 cross sections are found compatible with the small values expected from theoretical models. The e n →e n π0 cross sections show a dominance from the response to transversely polarized photons, and are in good agreement with calculations based on the transversity generalized parton distributions of the nucleon. By combining these results with previous measurements of π0 electroproduction off the proton, we present a flavor decomposition of the u and d quark contributions to the cross section.

40 CFR 63.686 - Standards: Oil-water and organic-water separators.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Standards: Oil-water and organic-water... Operations § 63.686 Standards: Oil-water and organic-water separators. (a) The provisions of this section apply to the control of air emissions from oil-water separators and organic-water separators for which...

Energy storage systems having an electrode comprising Li.sub.xS.sub.y

Science.gov (United States)

Xiao, Jie; Zhang, Jiguang; Graff, Gordon L.; Liu, Jun; Wang, Wei; Zheng, Jianming; Xu, Wu; Shao, Yuyan; Yang, Zhenguo

2016-08-02

Improved lithium-sulfur energy storage systems can utilizes Li.sub.xS.sub.y as a component in an electrode of the system. For example, the energy storage system can include a first electrode current collector, a second electrode current collector, and an ion-permeable separator separating the first and second electrode current collectors. A second electrode is arranged between the second electrode current collector and the separator. A first electrode is arranged between the first electrode current collector and the separator and comprises a first condensed-phase fluid comprising Li.sub.xS.sub.y. The energy storage system can be arranged such that the first electrode functions as a positive or a negative electrode.

On-line separation of refractory hafnium and tantalum isotopes at the ISOCELE separator

CERN Document Server

Liang, C F; Obert, J; Paris, P; Putaux, J C

1981-01-01

By chemical evaporation technique, neutron deficient hafnium nuclei have been on-line separated at the ISOCELE facility, from the isobar rare-earth elements, in the metal-fluoride HfF/sub 3//sup +/ ion form. Half-lives of /sup 162-165/Hf have been measured. Similarly, tantalum has been selectively separated on the TaF/sub 4//sup +/ form. (4 refs) .

Continuous room-temperature operation of GaAs-Al/sub x/Ga1/sub -//sub x/As double-heterostructure lasers prepared by molecular-beam epitaxy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cho, A.Y.; Dixon, R.W.; Casey, H.C. Jr.; Hartman, R.L.

1976-01-01

The continuous (cw) operation at temperatures as high as 100 0 C of stripe-geometry GaAs-Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As double-heterostructure lasers fabricated by molecular-beam epitaxial (MBE) techniques has been achieved. Improved MBE laser performance was the result of the extensive efforts to eliminate hydrocarbon and water vapor from the growth apparatus. For 12-μm-wide stripe-geometry lasers with 380-μm-long cavities, the cw threshold currents varied between 163 and 297 mA at room temperature

DEVELOPMENT OF MESOPOROUS MEMBRANE MATERIALS FOR CO2 SEPARATION; SEMIANNUAL

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wei-Heng Shih; Qiang Zhao; Tejas Patil

2002-01-01

The authors propose to use microporous silica as a suitable candidate for CO(sub 2)/N(sub 2) separation because the pore size is less than 10(angstrom). If a CO(sub 2)adsorbent is added to the microporous silica, the adsorption of CO(sub 2) can block the passage of N(sub 2) and an effective CO(sub 2)/N(sub 2) separator will be found. It was first demonstrated that microporous silica could be synthesized. The microporous silica was then impregnated with Ba(OH)(sub 2). The results of GC study showed that at temperatures between 50 C and 90 C, Ba-doped microporous silica can separate CO(sub 2) from N(sub 2) and the idea of a microporous membrane for CO(sub 2)/N(sub 2) separation is feasible. The new result gives strong support to the proposed research that was outlined in the Phase II proposal. They hope to be able to continue the research and build an effective CO(sub 2)/N(sub 2) membrane separator in the Phase II of this project

Separation of oily materials in radioactive waste waters by flotation. Determination of operation and control parameters; Separacion de materiales oleosos en aguas residuales radiactivas por flotacion. Determinacion de parametros de operacion y control

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ortiz O, H B; Flores E, R M [ININ, 52045 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

2003-07-01

In this work the determination of the operation and control parameters (air/solids ratio G/S, retention time {theta}, pressure P and de pressurized volume of mixed air-water V), of the flotation system used in the treatment of oleaginous residual water (polluted mainly with {sup 60} Co) coming from the decontamination process of worn out oils, using as response parameters the concentration of oleaginous material and the residual turbidity. The obtained results allowed to observe the dependence of G/S with the pressure and volume of air-water given. At the same time it was settled down that the set of operation conditions that offers the greater separation percentage of G As and turbidity in the smallest time, they are those obtained by V{sub 2} = 0.0012 m{sup 3} and P{sub 2} = 620 kPa, (G/S = 0.30 - 0.35, = 14-16 min) for what were employees as the ideal values of operation and control in the flotation system. As long as, the concentration of total Co is found under 1 mgL{sup -1}. Finally, the selected flotation system showed high separation levels of {sup 60} Co, whose specific activity are below of 0.007 BqmL{sup -1}. (Author)

Atomic lithium vapor laser isotope separation

CERN Document Server

Olivares, I E

2002-01-01

An atomic vapor laser isotope separation in lithium was performed using tunable diode lasers. The method permits also the separation of the isotopes between the sup 6 LiD sub 2 and the sup 7 LiD sub 1 lines using a self-made mass separator which includes a magnetic sector and an ion beam designed for lithium. (Author)

Adsorption and separation of CO{sub 2} on Fe(II)-MOF-74: Effect of the open metal coordination site

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lou, Wolong; Yang, Jiangfeng; Li, Libo; Li, Jinping, E-mail: Jpli211@hotmail.com

2014-05-01

We describe the successful synthesis of Fe{sub 2}(dobdc) (dobdc{sup 4−}=2, 5-dioxido-1, 4-benzenedicarboxylate), which has an open metal coordination site Fe(II), and investigate the adsorption properties of three important molecules CO{sub 2}, CH{sub 4} and N{sub 2} on Fe{sub 2}(dobdc) and an oxidized analog, Fe{sub 2}(O{sub 2})(dobdc). We found that CO{sub 2} adsorption isotherm of Fe{sub 2}(dobdc) at 10 bar was very different from Fe{sub 2}(O{sub 2})(dobdc), with the capacities of 144.5 cm{sup 3} g{sup −1} and 98.1 cm{sup 3} g{sup −1}, respectively. The adsorption capacities for CH{sub 4} were 75.8 cm{sup 3} g{sup −1} and 36.8 cm{sup 3} g{sup −1}, respectively, at 10 bar in these materials. Using ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST), we obtain the adsorption selectivity for CO{sub 2} using equimolar mixtures of CO{sub 2}/CH{sub 4} and CO{sub 2}/N{sub 2} with Fe{sub 2}(dobdc) and Fe{sub 2}(O{sub 2})(dobdc) as a function of pressure. Fe{sub 2}(dobdc) has a higher, more stable separation factor. - Graphical abstract: The selectivity of CO{sub 2}/CH{sub 4} mixture (50%/50%) on Fe{sub 2}(dobdc) and Fe{sub 2}(O{sub 2})(dobdc). - Highlights: • We explored the contrastive adsorption of CO{sub 2}, CH{sub 4}, and N{sub 2} in Fe{sub 2}(dobdc) and Fe{sub 2}(O{sub 2})(dobdc) for the first time. • Through IAST, we obtain the adsorption selectivity for CO{sub 2} from the equimolar mixture of CO{sub 2}/CH{sub 4} and CO{sub 2}/N{sub 2} for Fe{sub 2}(dobdc) and Fe{sub 2}(O{sub 2})(dobdc). • We determined that the open coordination site of Fe(II) is the main reason for different adsorption performances.

Separation of plutonium oxide nanoparticles and colloids

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wilson, Richard E.; Skanthakumar, S.; Soderholm, L. [Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)

2011-11-18

Oil and vinegar: Colloidal plutonium is an important component of Pu aqueous speciation. Pu colloids are problematic in nuclear separations and are a potential transport vector in the environment. Using a mixture of n-octanol and trichloroacetic acid a selective and reversible separation of these particles can be achieved by exploiting their surface reactivity (Li{sub 2}[Pu{sub 38}O{sub 56}Cl{sub 42}(H{sub 2}O){sub 20}].15H{sub 2}O). (Copyright copyright 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Designing Z-scheme 2D-C{sub 3}N{sub 4}/Ag{sub 3}VO{sub 4} hybrid structures for improved photocatalysis and photocatalytic mechanism insight

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

She, Xiaojie; Yi, Jianjian; Xu, Yuanguo; Huang, Liying; Ji, Haiyan; Xu, Hui; Li, Huaming [School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013 (China); Song, Yanhua [School of Environmental and Chemical, Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003 (China)

2017-06-15

The two-dimensional oxygen-modified g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} nanosheets-loaded Ag{sub 3}VO{sub 4} (2D-C{sub 3}N{sub 4}/Ag{sub 3}VO{sub 4}) photocatalysts were synthesized successfully via a facile in situ deposition method. The comprehensive characterizations were employed to characterize the morphologies, structures, chemical states, optical and electronic properties and photocatalytic performances of the samples. The 20% 2D-C{sub 3}N{sub 4}/Ag{sub 3}VO{sub 4} showed the best photocatalytic activity on the degradation of RhB and BPA. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is ascribed to the effective electron-hole separation efficiency and the larger specific surface area. The photogenerated electrons and holes can quickly separate by Z-scheme passageway in composite. Through ESR analysis, the photocatalytic mechanism was also researched in detail. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Donor-impurity related photoionization cross section in GaAs/Ga{sub 1−x}Al{sub x}As concentric double quantum rings: Effects of geometry and hydrostatic pressure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baghramyan, H.M. [Department of Solid State Physics, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, 0025 Yerevan (Armenia); Barseghyan, M.G., E-mail: mbarsegh@ysu.am [Department of Solid State Physics, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, 0025 Yerevan (Armenia); Kirakosyan, A.A. [Department of Solid State Physics, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, 0025 Yerevan (Armenia); Laroze, D. [Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7D, Arica (Chile); Duque, C.A. [Grupo de Materia Condensada-UdeA, Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín (Colombia)

2014-09-15

The donor-impurity related photoionization cross section in GaAs/Ga{sub 1−x}Al{sub x}As three-dimensional concentric double quantum rings is investigated. The photoionization cross section dependence on the incident photon energy is studied considering the effects of hydrostatic pressure, variations of aluminum concentration, geometries of the structure, and impurity position. The interpretation of the dipole matrix element, which reflects the photoionization probability, is also given. We have found that these parameters can lead to both redshift and blueshift of the photoionization spectrum and also influence the cross section peak value.

Differential cross sections measurement of {sup 31}P(p,pγ{sub 1}){sup 31}P reaction for PIGE applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jokar, A., E-mail: arezajokar@gmail.com; Kakuee, O.; Lamehi-Rachti, M.

2016-09-15

Differential cross sections of proton induced gamma-ray emission from the {sup 31}P(p,pγ{sub 1}){sup 31}P (E{sub γ} = 1266 keV) nuclear reaction were measured in the proton energy range of 1886–3007 keV at the laboratory angle of 90°. For these measurements a thin Zn{sub 3}P{sub 2} target evaporated onto a self-supporting C film was used. The gamma-rays and backscattered protons were detected simultaneously. An HPGe detector placed at an angle of 90° with respect to the beam direction was employed to collect gamma-rays while an ion implanted Si detector placed at a scattering angle of 165° was used to detect backscattered protons. Simultaneous collection of gamma-rays and RBS spectra is a great advantage of this approach which makes differential cross-section measurements independent on the collected beam charge. The obtained cross-sections were compared with the previously only measured data in the literature. The validity of the measured differential cross sections was verified through a thick target benchmarking experiment. The overall systematic uncertainty of cross section values was estimated to be better than ±9%.

Preliminary study of S-CO{sub 2} cycle control logic for part load operation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ahn, Yoonhan; Lee, Jeong Ik [Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-05-15

The benefits of S-CO{sub 2} cycle are relatively high efficiency under the mild turbine inlet temperature region, simple layout configuration and small foot-print. In addition, the safety of the SFR system can be inherently enhanced as the violent sodium-water reaction can be substituted with the mild sodium-CO{sub 2} reaction. 75MWe S-CO{sub 2} recompression cycle with radial type turbomachineries and PCHE was designed. Under various part load conditions (30-100% thermal load), off-design performance of the designed system was assessed, and different control logics were first tested. It was identified that the inventory control strategy is the most efficient logic for the part load operation. In the system operation, the compressor surge condition is seriously considered and controlled to avoid the system damage.

Separation process for boron isotopes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rockwood, S D

1975-06-12

The method according to the invention is characterized by the steps of preparing a gaseous mixture of BCl/sub 3/ containing the isotopes of boron and oxygen as the extractor, irradiating that mixture in the tube of the separator device by means of P- or R-lines of a CO/sub 2/ laser for exciting the molecules containing a given isotope of boron, simultaneously irradiating the mixture with UV for photodissociating the excited BCl/sub 3/ molecules and separating BCl/sub 3/ from the reaction products of photodissociation and from oxygen. Such method is suitable for preparing boron used in nuclear reactors.

Actinide neutron induced cross-sections; analysis of the OSMOSE LWR-UO{sub 2} experiment in MINERVE

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bernard, D.; Litaize, O.; Santamarina, A.; Antony, M.; Hudelot, J. P. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Cadarache, DEN/DER, 13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance (France)

2006-07-01

This paper describes the interpretation of the first phase of the OSMOSE experimental program. The OSMOSE experiment began in 2005 in the MINERVE French facility and will continue until 2008. It consists in reactivity worth measurements of separated actinides by an oscillation technique. First results are obtained in a standard LWR neutron spectrum (UO{sub 2} lattice). The present study focuses on the following isotopes: {sup 234,236}U, {sup 237}Np, {sup 239,242}Pu. The comparison between APOLLO2 accurate deterministic calculations and experiments shows the reliability of the latest JEFF-3.1 European nuclear data library for all oscillated isotopes, except {sup 237}Np. The obtained (C/E-1){+-}({delta}E/E) values are the following: {sup 234}U: -5%{+-}2% {sup 237}Np: -11%{+-}2% {sup 239}Pu: +1%{+-}2% {sup 242}Pu: +2%{+-}2% An energetic decomposition of the reactivity worth is carried out using Standard Perturbation Theory that underlines the underestimation of the {sup 237}Np(n, {gamma}) thermal and resonant capture cross-section. (authors)

Photocatalytic removal of tetrabromobisphenol A by magnetically separable flower-like BiOBr/BiOI/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} hybrid nanocomposites under visible-light irradiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gao, Shengwang [Department of Chemistry, College of Science, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051 (China); State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012 (China); Guo, Changsheng; Hou, Song; Wan, Li [State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012 (China); Wang, Qiang [Heilongjiang Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Harbin 150056 (China); Lv, Jiapei; Zhang, Yuan [State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012 (China); Gao, Jianfeng [Department of Chemistry, College of Science, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051 (China); Meng, Wei [State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012 (China); Xu, Jian, E-mail: xujian@craes.org.cn [State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012 (China)

2017-06-05

Highlights: • A novel BiOBr/BiOI/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} hybrid nanocomposites was prepared for the first time. • BiOBr-BiOI-Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} (2:2:0.5) displays superior photocatalytic activity for TBBPA. • Good magnetic property makes it easy for the material’s recovery from solution. • The photocatalytic reaction mechanism of BiOBr/BiOI/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} was proposed. • Superoxide radical is the dominant ROS in TBBPA degradation. - Abstract: A novel flower-like three-dimensional BiOBr/BiOI/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} heterojunction photocatalyst was synthesized using a simple in situ co-precipitation method at room temperature. The hybrid composites were characterized by a couple of techniques including X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy, photoluminescence technique, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles were perfectly loaded on the surface of BiOBr/BiOI microspheres. The recyclable magnetic BiOBr/BiOI/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} was employed to degrade TBBPA under visible light irradiation. The optimal removal efficiency of the ternary BiOBr/BiOI/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} (2:2:0.5) nanocomposite reached up to 98.5% for TBBPA in aqueous solution. The superior photocatalytic activity of BiOBr/BiOI/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} was mainly ascribed to large surface area and appropriate energy gaps, resulting in the effective adsorption and separation of electrons-hole pairs. The photogenerated reactive species determined by free radicals trapping experiments revealed that the excellent catalytic activity was primarily driven by ·O{sub 2}{sup −} radical. The photocatalytic degradation kinetics and a detailed mechanism were also proposed. Result demonstrated that the BiOBr/BiOI/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} can be magnetically recycled, and maintain high photocatalytic activity after reuse over five cycles. It

Static susceptibility and heat capacity studies on V{sub 3}O{sub 7}.H{sub 2}O{sub 7} nanobelts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hellmann, I., E-mail: i.hellmann@ifw-dresden.d [Leibniz-Institut fuer Festkoerper- und Werkstoffforschung (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, D-01069 Dresden (Germany); Zakharova, G.S.; Volkov, V.L. [Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomaiskaya ul. 91, Yekaterinburg 620219 (Russian Federation); Taeschner, C.; Leonhardt, A.; Buechner, B.; Klingeler, R. [Leibniz-Institut fuer Festkoerper- und Werkstoffforschung (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, D-01069 Dresden (Germany)

2010-04-15

V{sub 3}O{sub 7}.H{sub 2}O nanobelts were prepared by a hydrothermal method at 190 deg. C using V{sub 2}O{sub 5}.nH{sub 2}O gel and H{sub 2}C{sub 2}O{sub 4}.2H{sub 2}O as starting agents. The obtained nanobelts have diameters ranging from 40 to 70 nm with lengths up to several micrometers. Measurements of the static magnetic susceptibility and the specific heat show a discontinuous phase transition at around T=145 K, which separates two regions of paramagnetic behavior.

pH control structure design for a periodically operated membrane separation process

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Prado Rubio, Oscar Andres; Jørgensen, Sten Bay; Jonsson, Gunnar Eigil

2012-01-01

A bioreactor integrated with an electrically driven membrane separation process (Reverse Electro-Enhanced Dialysis – REED) is under investigation as potential technology for intensifying lactic acid bioproduction. In this contribution the pH regulation issue in the periodically operated REED module...

Quality assurance and the sub-contract interface: co-operative evaluation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Churchill, G.F.; Rippon, D.J.

1977-01-01

The CEGB standard QA 42-1 quality assurance programme requires purchasers to establish supplier selection and assessment procedures either by previous continuous record of supplying identical or equivalent material satisfactorily, or by an evaluation of the sub-contractors quality system. In order to avoid the multiple evaluations that the latter would involve for projects such as nuclear power stations, which concern a hierarchy of organisations, the idea of co-operative evaluations was suggested. The requirements involved in establishing co-operative evaluations are discussed. Some potential difficulties which have been identified from experience are described. (U.K.)

Solvent-free synthesis and application of nano-Fe/Ca/CaO/[PO{sub 4}] composite for dual separation and immobilization of stable and radioactive cesium in contaminated soils

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mallampati, Srinivasa Reddy, E-mail: srireddys@ulsan.ac.kr [Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan 680-749 (Korea, Republic of); Mitoma, Yoshiharu, E-mail: mitomay@pu-hiroshima.ac.jp [Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 562 Nanatsuka-Cho Shobara City, Hiroshima 727-0023 (Japan); Okuda, Tetsuji [Environmental Research and Management Center, Hiroshima University, 1-5-3 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8513 (Japan); Simion, Cristian [Politehnica University of Bucharest, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bucharest 060042 (Romania); Lee, Byeong Kyu [Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan 680-749 (Korea, Republic of)

2015-10-30

Graphical abstract: A possible pathway for immobilization with the nano-Fe/Ca/CaO/[PO{sub 4}] treatment (a) {sup 133}Cs is adsorbed onto the soil particles, (b) Cs encapsulation through the formation of immobile salts, and (c) solid (small/finer or larger/aggregate) soil fraction separation. - Highlights: • Nano-Fe/Ca/CaO/[PO{sub 4}] composite for Cs immobilization in soil was developed. • Enhanced cesium separation and immobilization was done in dry condition. • By SEM analysis the amount of cesium detectable on soil particle surface decreases. • Leachable cesium concentrations reduced, lower than the standard regulatory limit. • Nano-Fe/Ca/CaO/[PO{sub 4}] a highly potential amendment for the remediation of Cs. - Abstract: This study assessed the synthesis and application of nano-Fe/Ca/CaO-based composite material for use as a separation and immobilizing treatment of dry soil contaminated by stable ({sup 133}Cs) and radioactive cesium species ({sup 134}Cs and {sup 137}Cs). After grinding with nano-Fe/CaO, nano-Fe/Ca/CaO, and nano-Fe/Ca/CaO/[PO{sub 4}], approximately 31, 25, and 22 wt% of magnetic fraction soil was separated. Their resultant {sup 133}Cs immobilization values were about 78, 81, and 100%, respectively. When real radioactive cesium contaminated soil obtained from Fukushima was treated with nano-Fe/Ca/CaO/[PO{sub 4}], approximately 27.3 wt% of magnetic and 72.75% of non-magnetic soil fractions were separated. The highest amount of entrapped {sup 134}Cs and {sup 137}Cs was found in the lowest weight of the magnetically separated soil fraction (i.e., 80% in 27.3% of treated soil). Results show that {sup 134}Cs and {sup 137}Cs either in the magnetic or non-magnetic soil fractions was 100% immobilized. The morphology and mineral phases of the nano-Fe/Ca/CaO/[PO{sub 4}] treated soil were characterized using SEM–EDS, EPMA, and XRD analysis. The EPMA and XRD patterns indicate that the main fraction of enclosed/bound materials on treated soil

Ceramic membranes for gas separation in advanced fossil power plants

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meulenberg, W.A.; Baumann, S.; Ivanova, M.; Gestel, T. van; Bram, M.; Stoever, D. [Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH (DE). Inst. fuer Energieforschung (IEF)

2010-07-01

The reduction or elimination of CO{sub 2} emissions from electricity generation power plants fuelled by coal or gas is a major target in the current socio-economic, environmental and political discussion to reduce green house gas emissions such as CO{sub 2}. This mission can be achieved by introducing gas separation techniques making use of membrane technology, which is, as a rule, associated with significantly lower efficiency losses compared with the conventional separation technologies. Depending on the kind of power plant process different membrane types (ceramic, polymer, metal) can be implemented. The possible technology routes are currently investigated to achieve the emission reduction. They rely on different separation tasks. The CO{sub 2}/N{sub 2} separation is the main target in the post-combustion process. Air separation (O{sub 2}/N{sub 2}) is the focus of the oxyfuel process. In the pre-combustion process an additional H{sub 2}/CO{sub 2} separation is included. Although all separation concepts imply different process requirements they have in common a need in membranes with high permeability, selectivity and stability. In each case CO{sub 2} is obtained in a readily condensable form. CO{sub 2}/N{sub 2} separation membranes like microporous membranes or polymer membranes are applicable in post-combustion stages. In processes with oxyfuel combustion, where the fuel is combusted with pure oxygen, oxygen transport membranes i.e. mixed ionic electronic conducting (MIEC) membranes with mainly perovskite or fluorite structure can be integrated. In the pre-combustion stages of the power plant process, H{sub 2}/CO{sub 2} separation membranes like microporous membranes e.g. doped silica or mixed protonic electronic conductors or metal membranes can be applied. The paper gives an overview about the considered ceramic materials for the different gas separation membranes. The manufacturing of bulk materials as well as supported thin films of these membranes along

Solid-state synthesis of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} whiskers from TiO{sub 2}-B

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yao, Wenjun [State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009 (China); Zhuang, Wei [State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009 (China); College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816 (China); Ji, Xiaoyan [Division of Energy Science/Energy Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187 Sweden (Sweden); Chen, Jingjing; Lu, Xiaohua [State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009 (China); Wang, Changsong, E-mail: wcs@njtech.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009 (China)

2016-03-15

Highlights: • The Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} whiskers were synthesized from TiO{sub 2}-B whiskers via a solid state reaction. • The TiO{sub 2}-B crystal structure for lithium diffusion is easier than anatase. • The separated diffusion and reaction process is crucial for the solid-state syntheses of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} whiskers. - Abstract: In this work, Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} (LTO) was synthesized from the precursors of TiO{sub 2}-B and anatase whiskers, respectively. The synthesized LTO whiskers from TiO{sub 2}-B whiskers via a solid state reaction at 650 °C have a high degree of crystallinity with an average diameter of 300 nm. However, when anatase whiskers were used as the precursor, only particle morphology LTO was produced at 750 °C. The further analysis of the precursors, the intermediate products and the final products reveal that the crystal structure of the anatase hinders the diffusion of lithium, leading to a typical reaction–diffusion process. Under this condition, only particle morphology LTO can be produced. However, the crystal structure of the TiO{sub 2}-B is easy for lithium diffusion and the process is performed in two separated steps (i.e., diffusion and reaction), which makes it possible to decrease the solid-state reaction temperature down to 650 °C and then maintain the morphologies of whiskers.

Simulation of CO<sub>2sub> Storage

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McNabb, W. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Myers, K. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

2015-10-26

This report is a compilation of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s (LLNL) accomplishments on CO<sub>2sub> storage simulation and modeling research, performed for the US-­China Clean Energy Research Center (CERC). Within the CERC project management structure, this work is referred to as Subtask 6.4.a Simulation and Modeling. The task falls under CERC’s Advanced Coal Technology Consortium (ACTC) Research Theme 6—CO<sub>2sub> Sequestration Capacity and Near-­Term Opportunities. The goals of the task were to develop new CO<sub>2sub> sequestration simulation approaches and tools, then apply them to CO<sub>2sub> storage projects in the U.S. and China. Work on this task paused when funding was redirected to CERC’s other efforts. Two sections of this report provide valuable snapshot of LLNL’s progress when funding was curtailed: 1) Section 5.2.2 is a 14-­page presentation written January 8, 2013; and 2) Section 5.1.3 is a progress report from the first quarter of Fiscal year 2013.

A NOVEL CO2 SEPARATION SYSTEM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Robert J. Copeland; Gokhan Alptekin; Mike Cesario; Steven Gebhard; Yevgenia Gershanovich

1999-01-01

Because of concern over global climate change, new systems are needed that produce electricity from fossil fuels and emit less CO{sub 2}. The fundamental problem with current CO{sub 2} separation systems is the need to separate dilute CO{sub 2} and pressurize it for storage or sequestration. This is an energy intensive process that can reduce plant efficiency by 9-37% and double the cost of electricity.

Intra-operative maternal complications of emergency cesarean section done in advanced labor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nisa, M.U.

2013-01-01

Background: Emergency cesarean section done in advanced labor is a big challenge in obstetrics due to increased risk of intraoperative complications. In the last decade, a rapid increase in cesarean section done in advanced labor has been observed. Difficult deli-very of the fetal head during cesarean section carries a high risk of intraoperative complications like cervical and uterine tears, intra operative hemorrhage and trauma to the baby. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find out the frequency and risk factors for intra-operative complications in emergency cesarean section done in advanced labor, so that appropriate management protocols can be planned to reduce these complications. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out in Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit - 2 of Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Services Hospital, Lahore; from 1st January 2007 to 31st December 2007. All patients undergoing emergency cesarean sections done on laboring mothers were included in the study. The sample was divided into two groups; emergency C-section done in advanced labor as the study group and emergency C-section in early labor as the control group. Data were collected regarding age, parity, booked or unbooked status, indications for cesarean section, level of competence of operating surgeon, intra-operative complications and the risk factors for these complications. Data were recorded on a structured proforma and compared between the two groups. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using computer programme SPSS Version 14 for windows applying student t-test for quantitative and chai square test for qualitative parameters. A p-value < 0.05 was used as statistically significant. Results: Out of 2064 total deliveries in the year 2007, 1290 (62.5%) were vaginal deliveries and 774 (37.5%) were C-Sections. Out of 774 C-Section, 174 (23%) were elective and 600 (77%) were emergency. Out of 600 emergency C-sections

ASME Section XI philosophy related to operating nuclear plant fatigue damage protection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gosselin, S.R.

1995-01-01

When faced with operating fatigue concerns, nuclear plants traditionally look to the requirements contained in the original construction design code, ASME Section 3, as a basis for component operability. These rules constitute the requirements for nuclear power plant vessel and component construction and, when combined with the Owner's Design Specification, provide reasonable assurance of reliable operation. However, once construction is complete and operation begins, the purpose of any subsequent evaluations shifts from component ''design qualification'' to component ''fitness for service.'' This is a role that has been assumed for ASME Section 11. This paper presents a philosophy, recently endorsed by the ASME Section 11 Executive Committee, intended to guide future Code activities regarding fatigue and its impact on component serviceability

Evaluation of High Density Air Traffic Operations with Automation for Separation Assurance, Weather Avoidance and Schedule Conformance

Science.gov (United States)

Prevot, Thomas; Mercer, Joey S.; Martin, Lynne Hazel; Homola, Jeffrey R.; Cabrall, Christopher D.; Brasil, Connie L.

2011-01-01

In this paper we discuss the development and evaluation of our prototype technologies and procedures for far-term air traffic control operations with automation for separation assurance, weather avoidance and schedule conformance. Controller-in-the-loop simulations in the Airspace Operations Laboratory at the NASA Ames Research Center in 2010 have shown very promising results. We found the operations to provide high airspace throughput, excellent efficiency and schedule conformance. The simulation also highlighted areas for improvements: Short-term conflict situations sometimes resulted in separation violations, particularly for transitioning aircraft in complex traffic flows. The combination of heavy metering and growing weather resulted in an increased number of aircraft penetrating convective weather cells. To address these shortcomings technologies and procedures have been improved and the operations are being re-evaluated with the same scenarios. In this paper we will first describe the concept and technologies for automating separation assurance, weather avoidance, and schedule conformance. Second, the results from the 2010 simulation will be reviewed. We report human-systems integration aspects, safety and efficiency results as well as airspace throughput, workload, and operational acceptability. Next, improvements will be discussed that were made to address identified shortcomings. We conclude that, with further refinements, air traffic control operations with ground-based automated separation assurance can routinely provide currently unachievable levels of traffic throughput in the en route airspace.

Selected Hanford reactor and separations operating data for 1960--1964

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gydesen, S.P.

1992-09-01

The purpose of this letter report is to reconstruct from available information that data which can be used to develop daily reactor operating history for 1960--1964. The information needed for source team calculations (as determined by the Source Terms Task Leader) were extracted and included in this report. The data on the amount of uranium dissolved by the separations plants (expressed both as tons and as MW) is also included in this compilation.

Selected Hanford reactor and separations operating data for 1960--1964

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gydesen, S.P.

1992-09-01

The purpose of this letter report is to reconstruct from available information that data which can be used to develop daily reactor operating history for 1960--1964. The information needed for source team calculations (as determined by the Source Terms Task Leader) were extracted and included in this report. The data on the amount of uranium dissolved by the separations plants (expressed both as tons and as MW) is also included in this compilation

Measurement of the t$\\bar{t}$ production cross section in the E<sub>T>+jets channel at CDF

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Compostella, Gabriele [Univ. of Trento (Italy)

2008-03-06

This thesis is focused on an inclusive search of the t$\\bar{t}$ → E<sub>T> + jets decay channel by means of neural network tools in proton antiproton collisions at √s = 1.96 TeV recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF). At the Tevatron p$\\bar{p}$ collider top quarks are mainly produced in pairs through quark-antiquark annihilation and gluon-gluon fusion processes; in the Standard Model description, the top quark then decays to a W boson and a b quark almost 100% of the times, so that its decay signatures are classified according to the W decay modes. When only one W decays leptonically, the t$\\bar{t}$ event typically contains a charged lepton, missing transverse energy due to the presence of a neutrino escaping from the detector, and four high transverse momentum jets, two of which originate from b quarks. In this thesis we describe a t$\\bar{t}$ production cross section measurement which uses data collected by a 'multijet' trigger, and selects this kind of top decays by requiring a high-P<sub>T> neutrino signature and by using an optimized neural network to discriminate top quark pair production from backgrounds. In Chapter 1, a brief review of the Standard Model of particle physics will be discussed, focusing on top quark properties and experimental signatures. In Chapter 2 will be presented an overview of the Tevatron accelerator chain that provides p$\\bar{p}$ collisions at the center-of-mass energy of √s = 1.96 TeV, and proton and antiproton beams production procedure will be discussed. The CDF detector and its components and subsystems used for the study of p{bar p} collisions provided by the Tevatron will be described in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 will detail the reconstruction procedures used in CDF to detect physical objects exploiting the features of the different detector subsystems. Chapter 5 will provide an overview of the main concepts regarding Artificial Neural Networks, one of the most important tools we will use

Pressure induced insulator–metal transition and giant negative piezoresistance in Pr{sub 0.6}Ca{sub 0.4}Mn{sub 0.96}Al{sub 0.04}O{sub 3} polycrystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arumugam, S., E-mail: sarumugam1963@yahoo.com [Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620024, Tamil Nadu (India); Thiyagarajan, R. [Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203 (China); Kalaiselvan, G.; Sivaprakash, P. [Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620024, Tamil Nadu (India)

2016-11-01

The effect of external hydrostatic pressure (P) on the magnetization (M) and resistivity (ρ) properties of charge-orbital (CO) ordered-insulating phase-separated manganite Pr{sub 0.6}Ca{sub 0.4}Mn{sub 0.96}Al{sub 0.04}O{sub 3} system is reported here. At ambient P, CO ordering transition and spin-canting in the AFM are observed at 223 K and 55 K respectively in M(T) and ρ(T) measurements. Application of P increases simultaneously the magnitude of magnetization (M) and transition temperature, and weakens the CO ordering in M(T) measurements up to 0.98 GPa. During ρ(T) measurements, P induces an insulator–metallic transition (T{sub IM}) at 1.02 GPa, and further increase of P up to 2.84 GPa leads to increase of T{sub IM} (dT{sub IM}/dP =21.6 K/GPa). ρ at T{sub IM} is reduced about three orders of magnitude at 2.84 GPa, and leads to the giant negative piezoresistance (~98%). These results are analyzed separately in two temperature regions i.e., below and above T{sub IM} by power function equation and small polaronic hopping model respectively. It is understood from these analyses that the application of P suppresses the Jahn–Teller distortions, electron–electron and electron–magnon scattering factors, and induces the insulator–metal transition in Pr{sub 0.6}Ca{sub 0.4}Mn{sub 0.96}Al{sub 0.04}O{sub 3} system. - Highlights: • Application of P on Pr{sub 0.6}Ca{sub 0.4}Mn{sub 0.96}Al{sub 0.04}O{sub 3} reduces resistivity (ρ) remarkably at low-temperatures, and exhibits an insulator to metallic transition at 1.02 GPa. • The reduction in ρ by P is about three orders of magnitude at 2.84 GPa, leads to the giant negative piezoresistance about 98%. • The effect of the suppression of Jahn–Teller distortions, electron–electron and electron–magnon scattering under an applied P exhibits to the metal-Insulator transition. • The phase-separation in this system has been tuned by both internal and external perturbations.

Evaluation of sub grid scale and local wall models in Large-eddy simulations of separated flow

OpenAIRE

Sam Ali Al; Szasz Robert; Revstedt Johan

2015-01-01

The performance of the Sub Grid Scale models is studied by simulating a separated flow over a wavy channel. The first and second order statistical moments of the resolved velocities obtained by using Large-Eddy simulations at different mesh resolutions are compared with Direct Numerical Simulations data. The effectiveness of modeling the wall stresses by using local log-law is then tested on a relatively coarse grid. The results exhibit a good agreement between highly-resolved Large Eddy Simu...

Axisymmetrical separator for separating particulate matter from a fluid carrying medium

Science.gov (United States)

Linhardt, Hans D.

1984-09-04

A separator for separating particles carried in a fluid carrying medium is disclosed. The separator includes an elongated duct and associated openings incorporated in a solid body. The duct is axisymmetrical relative to its longitudinal axis, and includes a curved wall portion having a curved cross-section taken along the longitudinal axis. An axisymmetrical opening located downstream of the curved wall portion leads from the duct into an axisymmetrical channel which is substantially radially disposed relative to the longitudinal axis. Continuation of the duct downstream of the opening is a discharge portion which is substantially colinear with the longitudinal axis. In operation, a substantial majority of the fluid carrying medium leaves the duct radially through the opening and channel in a state substantially free of particles. A remaining small portion of the fluid carrying medium and a substantial majority of the particles are channelled into the discharge portion by centrifugal forces arising due to travel of the particles along the curved walls. For industrial scale separation of particles from a fluid carrying medium, such as for the clean-up of stack gases, an array of several hundred to several thousand of the separators is provided.

Separation of valence states in thin films with mixed V{sub 2}O{sub 5} and V{sub 7}O{sub 16} phases

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huotari, J., E-mail: jonihuot@ee.oulu.fi [Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, FI-90014 Oulu (Finland); Cao, W. [Research Centre for Molecular Materials, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu (Finland); Niu, Y. [MAX-lab, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund (Sweden); Lappalainen, J.; Puustinen, J. [Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, FI-90014 Oulu (Finland); Pankratov, V. [Research Centre for Molecular Materials, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu (Finland); Lloyd Spetz, A. [Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, FI-90014 Oulu (Finland); Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping (Sweden); Huttula, M. [Research Centre for Molecular Materials, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu (Finland)

2016-08-15

Highlights: • Films have different XPS and NEXAFS spectra depending on the crystal structure. • Difference in oxygen vacancy concentration between the different films is identified. • Connection between high gas sensitivity and surface state of the films is revealed. - Abstract: Among the other applications, vanadium oxide thin films are considered to be excellent candidates for gas sensing. To understand the origins of the sensing capability, we carried out X-ray photoelectron and X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements to determinate the surface valence states of thin films with mixed V{sub 7}O{sub 16} and V{sub 2}O{sub 5} compounds. Thin films were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition, and the crystal structure and symmetry of the deposited films was studied using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. These results together with X-ray photoelectron and absorption spectra showed that the thin-film crystal structures varied between orthorhombic V{sub 2}O{sub 5} phase and another phase of triclinic V{sub 7}O{sub 16}. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to quantitatively confirm the high amount of V{sup 4+} ions on surfaces of the films, especially of films with V{sub 7}O{sub 16} phase present. This result was confirmed in the quantitative analysis of the V2p near-edge X-ray absorption spectra. Through the observed electronic structures, it was found that in addition to unique crystal structure and morphology, the enhanced gas sensitivity of these layers is attributed to the increase in the amount of surface oxygen vacancies.

Anti-bombing insensitivity life of molybdenum cathode doped with La{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang Jinshu [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022 (China)]. E-mail: wangjsh@bjut.edu.cn; Wang Yiman [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022 (China); Zhou Meiling [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022 (China)

2006-03-15

Anti-bombing insensitivity of La{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Mo secondary emitter has been studied in this paper. The variation of maximum secondary emission coefficient {delta} {sub max} with time was measured. The cathode after life experiment was analyzed by means of HRM, SEM, EDS and XRD. The results showed that {delta} {sub max} of La{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Mo cathode operating at 1100 deg. C under continuous electron bombardment of 300 W/cm{sup 2} was still about 2.5 after 1000 h operation, indicating that this kind of cathode had good anti-bombing insensitivity. In the internal part of the cathode, RE{sub 2}O{sub 3} (rare earth oxide) and molybdenum grains distributed alternately and there existed a certain relationship between crystallographic orientation of RE{sub 2}O{sub 3} and that of molybdenum. It was found that a RE{sub 2}O{sub 3} layer was formed on the surface after operation. The high {delta} {sub max} of La{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Mo cathode was related to the RE{sub 2}O{sub 3} layer on the surface and the amount of nanosized La{sub 2}O{sub 3} particles on the Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} layer.

14 CFR Section 9 - Functional Classification-Operating Revenues

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... AIR CARRIERS Profit and Loss Classification Section 9 Functional Classification—Operating Revenues... shall be included in profit and loss classification 8100, Nonoperating Income and Expense-Net, and the... for all air carrier groups and shall include all revenues from the United States Government as direct...

Determination of differential cross-sections for the {sup nat}K(p, p{sub 0}) and {sup 39}K(p, {alpha}{sub 0}) reactions in the backscattering geometry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kokkoris, M., E-mail: kokkoris@central.ntua.g [Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 157 80 Athens (Greece); Tsaris, A. [Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 157 80 Athens (Greece); Misaelides, P. [Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki (Greece); Sokaras, D.; Lagoyannis, A.; Harissopulos, S. [Institute of Nuclear Physics, TANDEM Accelerator, N.C.S.R. ' Demokritos' , Aghia Paraskevi, 153 10 Athens (Greece); Vlastou, R.; Papadopoulos, C.T. [Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 157 80 Athens (Greece)

2010-06-15

In the present work, new, differential cross-section values are presented for the {sup nat}K(p, p{sub 0}) reaction in the energy range E{sub lab} = 3000-5000 keV (with an energy step of 25 keV) and for detector angles between 140{sup o} and 170{sup o} (with an angular step of 10{sup o}). A qualitative discussion of the observed cross-section variations through the influence of strong, closely spaced resonances in the p + {sup 39}K system is also presented. Information has also been extracted concerning the {sup 39}K(p,{alpha}{sub 0}) reaction for E{sub lab} = 4000-5000 keV in the same angular range. As a result, more than {approx}500 data points will soon be available to the scientific community through IBANDL (Ion Beam Analysis Nuclear Data Library - (http://www-nds.iaea.org/ibandl/)) and could thus be incorporated in widely used IBA algorithms (e.g. SIMNRA, WINDF, etc.) for potassium depth profiling at relatively high proton beam energies.

Separation of gaseous hydrogen from a water-hydrogen mixture in a fuel cell power system operating in a weightless environment

Science.gov (United States)

Romanowski, William E. (Inventor); Suljak, George T. (Inventor)

1989-01-01

A fuel cell power system for use in a weightless environment, such as in space, includes a device for removing water from a water-hydrogen mixture condensed from the exhaust from the fuel cell power section of the system. Water is removed from the mixture in a centrifugal separator, and is fed into a holding, pressure operated water discharge valve via a Pitot tube. Entrained nondissolved hydrogen is removed from the Pitot tube by a bleed orifice in the Pitot tube before the water reaches the water discharge valve. Water discharged from the valve thus has a substantially reduced hydrogen content.

Path representation of su-hat (2){sub k} states I: Operators and particles for k=1,2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lamy-Poirier, Joel, E-mail: jlamypoirier@perimeterinstitute.c [Departement de physique, de genie physique et d' optique, Universite Laval, Quebec, G1K 7P4 (Canada); Mathieu, Pierre, E-mail: pmathieu@phy.ulaval.c [Departement de physique, de genie physique et d' optique, Universite Laval, Quebec, G1K 7P4 (Canada)

2011-04-11

This is the first of two articles devoted to the analysis of the path description of the states in su-hat (2){sub k} WZW models, a representation well suited for constructive derivations of the fermionic characters. In this first article, the cases k=1,2 are treated in detail, emphasizing a different description in each case (operators vs particles). For k=1, we first prove, as a side result, the equivalence of two known path representations for the finitized su-hat (2){sub 1} states by displaying an explicit bijection. An immediate offshoot is the gain of a new and simple weighting for the (Kyoto) path representation that generalizes to level k. The bijection also suggests two operator constructions for the su-hat (2){sub 1} paths, a local and a nonlocal one, both interrelated. These are formal operators that map a path to another path, so that any path can be obtained by successive applications of these operators on a simple reference (ground-state) path. The nonlocal operator description is the starting point for a direct and elementary derivation of the su-hat (2){sub 1} spinon character. The second part presents an extensive study of the su-hat (2){sub 2} paths from their particle point of view, where the particles are defined as the path building blocks. The resulting generating functions appear to provide new (at least superficially) fermionic forms of the characters. In particular, a nice relationship between the sum of the j=0,1 characters at k=2 and the two ones at k=1 is unraveled.

Investigating the effect of V{sub 2}O{sub 5} addition on sodium barium borosilicate glasses

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Halder, Rumu, E-mail: rumuhalder24feb@gmail.com; Sengupta, Pranesh; Dey, G. K. [Materials Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-700 085 (India); Sudarsan, V. [Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-700 085 (India); Kaushik, C. P. [Waste Management Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-700 085 (India)

2016-05-23

V{sub 2}O{sub 5} doped sodium barium borosilicate glasses were characterized by photoluminescence spectroscopy and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). The glass remains homogeneous for lower concentration of V{sub 2}O{sub 5} but a phase separation is observed when V{sub 2}O{sub 5} doping is increased beyond 5 mol%. Detailed microanalysis reveals that the phase separated glass consists of a phase containing V, Ba and Si and a separate Si rich phase within the glass matrix. The luminescence study demonstrated that at low concentration the vanadium mainly interacts with the structural units of B/Si while at higher concentrations, V-O-V/ V-O{sup −} Na{sup +}/Ba{sup 2+} linkages are formed.

Sub-pattern based multi-manifold discriminant analysis for face recognition

Science.gov (United States)

Dai, Jiangyan; Guo, Changlu; Zhou, Wei; Shi, Yanjiao; Cong, Lin; Yi, Yugen

2018-04-01

In this paper, we present a Sub-pattern based Multi-manifold Discriminant Analysis (SpMMDA) algorithm for face recognition. Unlike existing Multi-manifold Discriminant Analysis (MMDA) approach which is based on holistic information of face image for recognition, SpMMDA operates on sub-images partitioned from the original face image and then extracts the discriminative local feature from the sub-images separately. Moreover, the structure information of different sub-images from the same face image is considered in the proposed method with the aim of further improve the recognition performance. Extensive experiments on three standard face databases (Extended YaleB, CMU PIE and AR) demonstrate that the proposed method is effective and outperforms some other sub-pattern based face recognition methods.

Luminescence properties of Nd{sup 3+}-doped Y{sub 2}Te{sub 4}O{sub 11} microcrystalline powder

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sobczyk, Marcin, E-mail: marcin.sobczyk@chem.uni.wroc.pl; Szymański, Damian

2017-03-15

In this paper, some spectroscopic properties of Y{sub 2}Te{sub 4}O{sub 11} microcrystalline powders, doped with Nd{sup 3+} ions are presented. The samples were successfully synthesized by the solid state reaction method. Absorption (300 K) and fluorescence (at 77 and 300 K) spectra as well as the fluorescence decay curves (300 K) of the {sup 4}F{sub 3/2} state are presented and analyzed. The phenomenological Ω{sub λ} (λ=2, 4, 6) Judd-Ofelt parameters were evaluated in order to determine radiative probabilities (A), branching ratios (β), the radiative lifetime (τ{sub R}) of the {sup 4}F{sub 3/2} level and the stimulated emission cross-section (σ{sub em}) for the {sup 4}F{sub 3/2} → {sup 4}I{sub J/2} (J=9 and 11) transitions of the Nd{sup 3+} ion. The fluorescence decay curves were single exponential for 0.01–5.0 at% of Nd{sup 3+} and became evidently non-exponential for higher Nd{sup 3+} ion concentration. With increasing activator concentration from 0.01 to 10.0 at%, the experimental lifetime of the emitting level decreases from 95 to 33 μs. The non-exponential fluorescence decay curve has been fitted by the Yokota-Tanimoto model, indicating that the energy migration process via a diffusion limited relaxation, plays a important role in the depopulation of the {sup 4}F{sub 3/2} level of Nd{sup 3+} ions doped in the Y{sub 2}Te{sub 4}O{sub 11} microcrystalline powder. The calculated absorption value (1.135×10{sup –19} cm{sup 2} at 807.5 nm) of the {sup 4}I{sub 9/2} → {sup 4}F{sub 5/2} transition as well as the value of the stimulated emission cross-section (1.196×10{sup –19} cm{sup 2} at 1063.5 nm) for that of {sup 4}F{sub 3/2} → {sup 4}I{sub 11/2} were compared with the corresponding values of other laser hosts. For the first time a very high σ{sub em} value of the {sup 4}F{sub 3/2} → {sup 4}I{sub 11/2} transition for TeO{sub 2}-based compounds, has been observed. From the presented spectroscopic properties follows that the Nd{sup 3+}:Y{sub 2

Magnetic and electrical studies on La{sub 0.4}Sm{sub 0.1}Ca{sub 0.5}MnO{sub 3} charge ordered manganite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Krichene, A., E-mail: akramkri@hotmail.fr [Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, B. P. 1171, 3000 Sfax (Tunisia); Solanki, P.S. [Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005 (India); Venkateshwarlu, D. [UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, University Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore 452017 (India); Rayaprol, S. [UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Mumbai Centre, B.A.R.C. Campus, Mumbai 400085 (India); Ganesan, V. [UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, University Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore 452017 (India); Boujelben, W. [Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, B. P. 1171, 3000 Sfax (Tunisia); Kuberkar, D.G. [Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005 (India)

2015-05-01

We have reported in this work the effect of the partial substitution of lanthanum by samarium on the structural, electrical and magnetic properties of La{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5}MnO{sub 3}. The magnetic study indicated that substitution promotes charge ordering and weakens ferromagnetism. Below T{sub C}=123 K, the compound La{sub 0.4}Sm{sub 0.1}Ca{sub 0.5}MnO{sub 3} is a mixture of ferromagnetic and charge ordered antiferromagnetic domains. Between T{sub C} and T{sub CO}=215 K, the structure is paramagnetic with the presence of antiferromagnetic domains. The fractions of the coexisting magnetic phases are highly dependent on the applied magnetic field value. Resistivity measurements reveal the presence of an insulating-metal transition at T{sub ρ}=123 K. The equality between T{sub C} and T{sub ρ} indicates the presence of a correlation between magnetization and resistivity. For only 1 T applied field, we have reported a colossal value of magnetoresistance reaching 73% around T{sub C}. The origin of this high value is attributed to phase separation phenomenon. - Highlights: • Sm doping enhances charge ordering and weakens ferromagnetism in La{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5}MnO{sub 3.} • Colossal magnetoresistance (73%) is recorded at 123 K for only 1 T applied field. • Phase separation is responsible for the magnetic and the magnetoresistive behavior.

Functionalized inorganic membranes for gas separation

Science.gov (United States)

Ku, Anthony Yu-Chung [Rexford, NY; Ruud, James Anthony [Delmar, NY; Molaison, Jennifer Lynn [Marietta, GA; Schick, Louis Andrew ,; Ramaswamy, Vidya [Niskayuna, NY

2008-07-08

A porous membrane for separation of carbon dioxide from a fluid stream at a temperature higher than about 200.degree. C. with selectivity higher than Knudsen diffusion selectivity. The porous membrane comprises a porous support layer comprising alumina, silica, zirconia or stabilized zirconia; a porous separation layer comprising alumina, silica, zirconia or stabilized zirconia, and a functional layer comprising a ceramic oxide contactable with the fluid stream to preferentially transport carbon dioxide. In particular, the functional layer may be MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, La.sub.2O.sub.3, CeO.sub.2, ATiO.sub.3, AZrO.sub.3, AAl.sub.2O.sub.4, A.sup.1FeO.sub.3, A.sup.1MnO.sub.3, A.sup.1CoO.sub.3, A.sup.1NiO.sub.3, A.sup.2HfO.sub.3, A.sup.3CeO.sub.3, Li.sub.2ZrO.sub.3, Li.sub.2SiO.sub.3, Li.sub.2TiO.sub.3 or a mixture thereof; wherein A is Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba; A.sup.1 is La, Ca, Sr or Ba; A.sup.2 is Ca, Sr or Ba; and A.sup.3 is Sr or Ba.

Clinical curative effect of fuzi-cake-separated moxibustion for preventing dysuria after operation for lower limb fracture.

Science.gov (United States)

Yue, Yan; Tao, Lijun; Fang, Jianqiao; Xie, Qi; He, Shaofeng; Huang, Chunxia; Yang, Xueming

2014-10-01

To assess the clinical curative effect of fuzi-cake-separated moxibustion at Zhongji (CV 3) and Guanyuan (CV 4) for preventing dysuria after internal fixation of lower limb fractures. Sixty patients conforming to the inclusion standards were randomly divided into a treatment group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). Fuzi-cake-separated moxibustion was performed at Guanyuan (CV 4) and Zhongji (CV 3), 20 min at a time, twice a day, for 3 days before operation in the treatment group. No fuzi-cake-separated moxibustion was performed in the control group. After treatment, the score for symptoms of first urination, urinary time, urinary volume, 24 h remaining urinary volume, incidence of uroschesis, and rate of controlling dysuria were compared to evaluate the curative effect of preventing post-operative dysuria. The score for symptoms of first urination, 24 h remaining urinary volume (maximum 120 mL vs 250 ml, and less than 10 ml in 24 cases vs 15 cases), and the rate of controlling dysuria (83.34% vs 30%) were significantly better (P 0.05) between the two groups in first post-operative urinary time, urinary volume, or incidence of 24 h uroschesis. Fuzi-cake-separated moxibustion at Zhongji (CV 3) and Guanyuan (CV 4) can better prevent post-operative dysuria, effectively promote the functional restoration of the urinary bladder, and control the incidence of post-operative dysuria.

Synthesis, crystal structure, optical, and electronic study of the new ternary thorium selenide Ba{sub 3}ThSe{sub 3}(Se{sub 2}){sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Prakash, Jai [Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113 (United States); Mesbah, Adel [Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113 (United States); ICSM, UMR 5257 CEA/CNRS/UM2/ENSCM, Site de Marcoule-Bât. 426, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze cedex (France); Beard, Jessica [Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113 (United States); Lebègue, Sébastien [Laboratoire de Cristallographie, Résonance Magnétique et Modélisations (CRM2, UMR CNRS 7036), Institut Jean Barriol, Université de Lorraine, BP 239, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (France); Malliakas, Christos D. [Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113 (United States); Ibers, James A., E-mail: ibers@chem.northwestern.edu [Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113 (United States)

2015-11-15

The compound Ba{sub 3}ThSe{sub 3}(Se{sub 2}){sub 2} has been synthesized by solid-state methods at 1173 K. Its crystal structure features one-dimensional chains of {sup 1}{sub ∞}[Th(Se){sub 3}(Se{sub 2}){sub 2}{sup 6−}] separated by Ba{sup 2+} cations. Each Th atom in these chains is coordinated to two Se–Se single-bonded pairs and four Se atoms to give rise to a pseudooctahedral geometry around Th. The Th–Se distances are consistent with Th{sup 4+} and hence charge balance of Ba{sub 3}ThSe{sub 3}(Se{sub 2}){sub 2} is achieved as 3×Ba{sup 2+}, 1×Th{sup 4+}, 3×Se{sup 2−}, and 2×Se{sub 2}{sup 2−}. From optical measurements the band gap of Ba{sub 3}ThSe{sub 3}(Se{sub 2}){sub 2} is 1.96(2) eV. DFT calculations indicate that the compound is a semiconductor. - Graphical abstract: Local coordination environment of Th atoms in the Ba{sub 3}ThSe{sub 3}(Se{sub 2}){sub 2} structure. - Highlights: • Ba{sub 3}ThSe{sub 3}(Se{sub 2}){sub 2} has been synthesized by solid-state methods at 1173 K. • The structure features chains of {sup 1}{sub ∞}[Th(Se){sub 3}(Se{sub 2}){sub 2}{sup 6−}] separated by Ba{sup 2+} cations. • Ba{sub 3}ThSe{sub 3}(Se{sub 2}){sub 2} is a semiconductor with a band gap of 1.96(2) eV.

Structural and dynamical heterogeneity of undercooled Fe{sub 75}Cu{sub 25} melts with miscibility gap

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qi, Yu; Wang, Li; Wang, Shenghai, E-mail: shenghaiw@163.com; Li, Xuelian; Cui, Wenchao

2014-12-05

Highlights: • We simulate the undercooled Fe{sub 75}Cu{sub 25} melts with miscibility gap at atomic level. • Fe{sub 75}Cu{sub 25} melts separate into Cu-rich and Fe-rich liquid upon relaxation. • The process is controlled by the nucleation and grows mechanism. • Both PPCFs and CN confirm that L–L phase separation is a successive process. - Abstract: Molecular dynamics simulation (MD) based upon the developed embedded atom method (EAM) has been performed to explore the structural and dynamical heterogeneity of Fe{sub 75}Cu{sub 25} melts. The results show that the melts separate into Cu-rich droplets surround by the Fe-rich matrix controlled by nucleation and growth mechanism. The larger undercoolings suggest the higher nucleation rate and growth rate of droplets. The growth of droplet is achieved by the aggregation and coagulation of neighbor droplet with the characteristics of collective movement for homogeneous atoms. A sharp increase of S{sub CC} (q = 0) is found at all simulated temperature, which means concentration fluctuation on large length scales are much pronounced. Both partial pair correlation functions (PPCFs) and coordination number (CN) confirm that liquid–liquid (L–L) phase separation is a successive process with a stronger interaction of homogeneous pairs than that of heterogeneous pairs in Fe{sub 75}Cu{sub 25} melts. The studies above characterize the phase separation of metal melts on the atomic scale.

Separation of nitrogen isotopes by laser light

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Izawa, Y; Noguchi, Y; Yamanaka, C [Osaka Univ., Suita (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1976-06-01

The separation experiment on nitrogen isotopes by laser light was made. First, the nitrogen isotopes of /sup 14/N and /sup 15/N in NH/sub 3/ molecules were separated by CO/sub 2/ laser and UV light. The separation factor and the enrichment factor were calculated. It was shown that their pressure dependence was in good agreement with the measured values. The separation factor of about 2% was obtained with UV light of 10/sup 6/W/cm/sup 2/.

CO{sub 2} separation from biogas with ceramic membranes; CO{sub 2}-Abtrennung aus Biogas mit keramischen Membranen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fassauer, Burkhardt; Richter, Hannes; Schwarz, Bjoern; Reger-Wagner, Norman; Kaemnitz, Susanne [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Keramische Technologien und Systeme IKTS, Dresden (Germany); Lubenau, Udo; Mothes, Raimund [DBI Gas- und Umwelttechnik GmbH, Leipzig (Germany)

2015-07-01

Biogas contains after the production of up to 55% CO{sub 2}. In order to use biogas as a fuel or to feed it into the natural gas network, it must be purified before. Adsorption and scrubbing processes are primarily used technically. Membrane processes offer the advantage of continuous operation and a simple modular and flexible system design, which imply relatively low investment costs and low energy needs. Moreover, membrane systems can be started up and shut down quickly without any problems. Ceramic membranes are characterised by high stability (thermal, chemical, mechanical) and very high flows in comparison to polymeric membranes. [German] Biogas enthaelt nach der Erzeugung bis zu 55 % CO{sub 2}. Um Biogas als Kraftstoff zu nutzen oder in das Erdgasnetz einspeisen zu koennen, muss es zuvor gereinigt werden. Technisch genutzt werden vor allem Adsorptions- und Waschverfahren. Membranverfahren bieten den Vorteil eines kontinuierlichen Betriebes sowie einer einfachen, modularen und flexiblen Anlagenkonzeption, die vergleichsweise niedrige Investitionskosten und einen geringen Energiebedarf bedeuten. Darueber hinaus koennen Membrananlagen schnell an- und abgefahren werden und voellig ohne Probleme abgeschaltet werden. Keramische Membranen zeichnen sich gegenueber Polymermembranen durch hohe Stabilitaet (thermisch, chemisch, mechanisch) und sehr hohe Fluesse aus.

Impurity-related optical properties in rectangular-transverse section GaAs-Ga{sub 1-x}Al{sub x}As quantum well wires: Hydrostatic pressure and electric field effects

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonzalez, J.W.; Duque, C.A. [Instituto de Fisica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA 1226, Medellin (Colombia); Lopez, S.Y. [Facultad de Educacion, Universidad de Antioquia, AA 1226, Medellin (Colombia); Rodriguez, A.H. [Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Apdo. Postal 20-364, San Angel 01000, Mexico DF (Mexico); Porras-Montenegro, N. [Departamento de Fisica, Universidad del Valle, AA 25360, Cali (Colombia)

2007-01-15

Using a variational procedure within the effective mass approximation, we have calculated the influence of an applied electric field and hydrostatic pressure on the shallow-impurity-related optical properties in a rectangular-transverse section GaAs-Ga{sub 1-x}Al{sub x}As quantum well wire. The electric field is applied in the plane of the transverse section of the wire and different angular directions have been considered. The results presented are for the impurity binding energy, its corresponding density of impurity states, and impurity-related transition energy and polarizability. (copyright 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin-Based Carbons for CO2 Separation at Sub-Atmospheric Pressures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Noelia Álvarez-Gutiérrez

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The challenge of developing effective separation and purification technologies that leave much smaller energy footprints is greater for carbon dioxide (CO2 than for other gases. In addition to its involvement in climate change, CO2 is present as an impurity in biogas and bio-hydrogen (biological production by dark fermentation, in post-combustion processes (flue gas, CO2-N2 and many other gas streams. Selected phenol-formaldehyde resin-based activated carbons prepared in our laboratory have been evaluated under static conditions (adsorption isotherms as potential adsorbents for CO2 separation at sub-atmospheric pressures, i.e., in post-combustion processes or from biogas and bio-hydrogen streams. CO2, H2, N2, and CH4 adsorption isotherms at 25 °C and up to 100 kPa were obtained using a volumetric equipment and were correlated by applying the Sips model. Adsorption equilibrium was then predicted for multicomponent gas mixtures by extending the multicomponent Sips model and the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST in conjunction with the Sips model. The CO2 uptakes of the resin-derived carbons from CO2-CH4, CO2-H2, and CO2-N2 at atmospheric pressure were greater than those of the reference commercial carbon (Calgon BPL. The performance of the resin-derived carbons in terms of equilibrium of adsorption seems therefore relevant to CO2 separation in post-combustion (flue gas, CO2-N2 and in hydrogen fermentation (CO2-H2, CO2-CH4.

Revision of the design model for a cryogenic falling liquid film helium separator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kinoshita, Masahiro; Bartlit, J.R.; Sherman, R.H.

1983-05-01

The present paper reports revision of the design model previously developed by the authors for the cryogenic falling liquid film helium separator. The revised design procedure is composed of three steps : 1) calculation of distributions of phase flow rates, temperature and phase compositions within the refrigerated section and the packed section ; 2) calculation of more detailed distributions of these variables within the refrigerated section ; and 3) estimation of column dimensions and determination of operating conditions. It is assumed that the vacant refrigerated section has two theoretical stages for hydrogen isotope separation. The mixture within the refrigerated section is considered in step 2) as two component system of He-HD. (author)

Comparative studies of actinide and sub-actinide fission cross section calculation from MCNP6 and TALYS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Perkasa, Y. S.; Waris, A.; Kurniadi, R.; Su'ud, Z.

2014-01-01

Comparative studies of actinide and sub-actinide fission cross section calculation from MCNP6 and TALYS have been conducted. In this work, fission cross section resulted from MCNP6 prediction will be compared with result from TALYS calculation. MCNP6 with its event generator CEM03.03 and LAQGSM03.03 have been validated and verified for several intermediate and heavy nuclides fission reaction data and also has a good agreement with experimental data for fission reaction that induced by photons, pions, and nucleons at energy from several ten of MeV to about 1 TeV. The calculation that induced within TALYS will be focused mainly to several hundred MeV for actinide and sub-actinide nuclides and will be compared with MCNP6 code and several experimental data from other evaluator

Determination of the strong coupling constant α{sub s}(m{sub Z}) in next-to-next-to-leading order QCD using H1 jet cross section measurements

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andreev, V.; Belousov, A.; Fomenko, A.; Gogitidze, N.; Lebedev, A.; Malinovski, E.; Soloviev, Y.; Vazdik, Y. [Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow (Russian Federation); Baghdasaryan, A.; Zohrabyan, H. [Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan (Armenia); Begzsuren, K.; Ravdandorj, T. [Institute of Physics and Technology of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia); Bertone, V. [Vrije University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Amsterdam (Netherlands); National Institute for Subatomic Physics (NIKHEF), Amsterdam (Netherlands); Bolz, A.; Britzger, D.; Huber, F.; Sauter, M.; Schoening, A. [Universitaet Heidelberg, Physikalisches Institut, Heidelberg (Germany); Boudry, V.; Specka, A. [LLR, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau (France); Brandt, G. [Universitaet Goettingen, II. Physikalisches Institut, Goettingen (Germany); Brisson, V.; Jacquet, M.; Pascaud, C.; Zhang, Z.; Zomer, F. [LAL, Universite Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay (France); Buniatyan, A.; Newman, P.R.; Thompson, P.D. [University of Birmingham, School of Physics and Astronomy, Birmingham (United Kingdom); Bylinkin, A. [Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region (Russian Federation); Bystritskaya, L.; Fedotov, A. [Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow (Russian Federation); Campbell, A.J.; Dodonov, V.; Eckerlin, G.; Elsen, E.; Fleischer, M.; Gayler, J.; Ghazaryan, S.; Haidt, D.; Jung, H.; Katzy, J.; Kleinwort, C.; Kruecker, D.; Krueger, K.; Levonian, S.; Lipka, K.; List, B.; List, J.; Meyer, A.B.; Meyer, J.; Niebuhr, C.; Olsson, J.E.; Pirumov, H.; Pitzl, D.; Placakyte, R.; Schmitt, S.; Sefkow, F.; South, D.; Steder, M.; Wuensch, E.; Zlebcik, R. [DESY, Hamburg (Germany); Cantun Avila, K.B.; Contreras, J.G. [CINVESTAV, Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, Merida, Yucatan (Mexico); Cerny, K.; Salek, D.; Valkarova, A.; Zacek, J. [Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague (Czech Republic); Chekelian, V.; Grindhammer, G.; Kiesling, C.; Lobodzinski, B. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Physik, Munich (Germany); Cvach, J.; Hladky, J.; Reimer, P. [Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Physics, Prague (Czech Republic); Currie, J. [Durham University, Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology, Ogden Centre for Fundamental Physics, Durham (United Kingdom); Dainton, J.B.; Gabathuler, E.; Greenshaw, T.; Klein, M.; Kostka, P.; Kretzschmar, J.; Laycock, P.; Maxfield, S.J.; Mehta, A.; Patel, G.D. [University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool (United Kingdom); Daum, K.; Meyer, H. [Fachbereich C, Universitaet Wuppertal, Wuppertal (Germany); Diaconu, C.; Hoffmann, D.; Vallee, C. [Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, Marseille (France); Dobre, M.; Rotaru, M. [Horia Hulubei National Institute for R and D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Bucharest (Romania); Egli, S.; Horisberger, R.; Ozerov, D. [Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen (Switzerland); Favart, L.; Grebenyuk, A.; Hreus, T.; Janssen, X.; Roosen, R.; Mechelen, P.Van [Brussels and Universiteit Antwerpen, Inter-University Institute for High Energies ULB-VUB, Antwerp (Belgium); Feltesse, J.; Schoeffel, L. [Irfu/SPP, CE Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Gehrmann, T.; Mueller, K.; Niehues, J.; Robmann, P.; Straumann, U.; Truoel, P. [Physik-Institut der Universitaet Zuerich, Zurich (Switzerland); Goerlich, L.; Mikocki, S.; Nowak, G.; Sopicki, P. [Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Krakow (Poland); Gouzevitch, M.; Petrukhin, A. [IPNL, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Villeurbanne (France); Grab, C.; Huss, A. [ETH Zuerich, Institut fuer Teilchenphysik, Zurich (Switzerland); Gwenlan, C.; Radescu, V. [Oxford University, Department of Physics, Oxford (United Kingdom); Henderson, R.C.W. [University of Lancaster, Department of Physics, Lancaster (United Kingdom); Jung, A.W. [Purdue University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Lafayette, IN (United States); Kapichine, M.; Morozov, A.; Spaskov, V. [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna (Russian Federation); Kogler, R. [Universitaet Hamburg, Institut fuer Experimentalphysik, Hamburg (Germany); Landon, M.P.J.; Rizvi, E.; Traynor, D. [Queen Mary University of London, School of Physics and Astronomy, London (United Kingdom); Lange, W.; Naumann, T. [DESY, Zeuthen (Germany); Martyn, H.U. [I. Physikalisches Institut der RWTH, Aachen (Germany); Perez, E. [CERN, Geneva (Switzerland); Picuric, I.; Raicevic, N. [University of Montenegro, Faculty of Science, Podgorica (Montenegro); Polifka, R. [Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague (Czech Republic); University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Toronto, ON (Canada); Rabbertz, K. [Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie (KIT), Institut fuer Experimentelle Teilchenphysik (ETP), Karlsruhe (Germany); Rostovtsev, A. [Institute for Information Transmission Problems RAS, Moscow (Russian Federation); Sankey, D.P.C. [STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire (United Kingdom); Sauvan, E. [Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, Marseille (France); Universite de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, LAPP, Annecy-le-Vieux (France); Shushkevich, S. [Lomonosov Moscow State University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow (Russian Federation); Stella, B. [Universita di Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica, Rome (Italy); INFN Roma 3 (Italy); Sutton, M.R. [University of Sussex, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brighton (United Kingdom); Sykora, T. [Brussels and Universiteit Antwerpen, Inter-University Institute for High Energies ULB-VUB, Antwerp (Belgium); Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague (Czech Republic); Tsakov, I. [Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Sofia (Bulgaria); Tseepeldorj, B. [Institute of Physics and Technology of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar (MN); Ulaanbaatar University, Ulaanbaatar (MN); Wegener, D. [TU Dortmund, Institut fuer Physik, Dortmund (DE); Collaboration: H1 Collaboration

2017-11-15

The strong coupling constant α{sub s} is determined from inclusive jet and dijet cross sections in neutral-current deep-inelastic ep scattering (DIS) measured at HERA by the H1 collaboration using next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD predictions. The dependence of the NNLO predictions and of the resulting value of α{sub s}(m{sub Z}) at the Z-boson mass m{sub Z} are studied as a function of the choice of the renormalisation and factorisation scales. Using inclusive jet and dijet data together, the strong coupling constant is determined to be α{sub s}(m{sub Z}) = 0.1157(20){sub exp}(29){sub th}. Complementary, α{sub s}(m{sub Z}) is determined together with parton distribution functions of the proton (PDFs) from jet and inclusive DIS data measured by the H1 experiment. The value α{sub s}(m{sub Z}) = 0.1142(28){sub tot} obtained is consistent with the determination from jet data alone. The impact of the jet data on the PDFs is studied. The running of the strong coupling is tested at different values of the renormalisation scale and the results are found to be in agreement with expectations. (orig.)

Novel Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4}/MoO{sub 3}p-n heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability under visible light irradiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Teng, Wei, E-mail: tengw@just.edu.cn [Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003 (China); Tan, Xiangjun [Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003 (China); Li, Xinyong [Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical, School of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 (China); Tang, Yubin [Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003 (China)

2017-07-01

Graphical abstract: Excellent photocatalytic activity and stability are achieved over Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4}/MoO{sub 3}p-n heterostructure nanocatalyst, which was increased the charge separation efficiencies. - Highlights: • The Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4}/MoO{sub 3}p-n heterostructure nanocatalyst was synthesized successfully. • The composite nanocatalyst possesses excellent photocatalytic activity and stability. • The effective separation of electron-hole pairs were mainly depend on the inner electric field of p-n heterojunction. - Abstract: Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4}/MoO{sub 3}p-n heterojunction have been successfully fabricated by using a simple in situ solvent method. SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS and electrochemical techniques were used to study the structural and electrochemical characteristics of the resulting materials. The photocatalytic activity of the obtained composite was tested by the degradation of organic dye (methylene blue) under visible-light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4}/MoO{sub 3} remained 92.5% after four recycling runs, which was much higher than that of the pure Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} (54%). The obtained results confirm that the novel Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4}/MoO{sub 3} heterostructure exhibited significantly higher photocatalytic activities and improved stability compared with bare Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4}. The excellent photocatalytic activity came from the effective separation of the electron-hole pairs under the effect of built-in electric field in the interfacial the of the p-n heterojunction, and then made the holes more available for dyes oxidation.

Thermal expansion of superconducting phases Bi sub 2 Sr sub 2 Ca sub n-1 Cu sub n O sub 2n+2+. delta. with n=1,2,3. Termicheskoe rasshirenie sverkhprovodyashchikh faz Bi sub 2 Sr sub 2 Ca sub n-1 Cu sub n O sub 2n+2+. delta. s n=1,2,3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhurov, V V; Ivanov, S A [Nauchno-Issledovatel' skij Fiziko-Khimicheskij Inst., Moscow (USSR); Bush, A A; Romanov, B N [Moskovskij Inst. Radiotekhniki, Ehlektroniki i Avtomatiki, Moscow (USSR)

1990-10-01

Consideration is given to results of X-ray diffraction studies of temperature dependences of a{sub 0},c{sub 0} sublattice parameters of Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub n-1}Cu{sub n}O{sub 2n+2+}{delta} superconducting phases with n=1,2,3 (2201, 2212, 2223) in 90-1000 K range. The obtained dependences are composed of some temperature linear sections, where values of thermal coefficients of linear expansion {alpha}{sub a}, {alpha}{sub c} were determined for all examined phases. During first heating of samples of 2212 phase a{sub 0}(T), c{sub 0}(T) dependences deviate in {approx equal}500-700 K range from linear ones till the occurence of a section with negative a{sub c}. After heating of 2212 phase up to T>{approx equal}700 K and cooling down to 300 K, a{sub 0},c{sub 0} parameters decrease by {approx equal}0.006 and 0.08 A respectively. Data on the effect of preparation method and thermal prehistory of 2212 samples and on relative content of calcium atoms in them for these anomalies were obtained. Some possible reasons of their occurence were analyzed.

Proceedings of the First Hanford Separation Science Workshop

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1993-05-01

The First Hanford Separation Science Workshop, sponsored by PNL had two main objectives: (1) assess the applicability of available separation methods for environmental restoration and for minimization, recovery, and recycle of mixed and radioactive mutes; and (2) identify research needs that must be addressed to create new or improved technologies. The information gathered at this workshop not only applies to Hanford but could be adapted to DOE facilities throughout the nation as well. These proceedings have been divided into three components: Background and Introduction to the Problem gives an overview of the history of the Site and the cleanup mission, including waste management operations, past disposal practices, current operations, and plans for the future. Also included in this section is a discussion of specific problems concerning the chemistry of the Hanford wastes. Separation Methodologies contains the papers given at the workshop by national experts in the field of separation science regarding the state-of-the-art of various methods and their applicability/adaptability to Hanford. Research Needs identifies further research areas developed in working group sessions. Individual papers are indexed separately.

Proceedings of the First Hanford Separation Science Workshop

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1993-05-01

The First Hanford Separation Science Workshop, sponsored by PNL had two main objectives: (1) assess the applicability of available separation methods for environmental restoration and for minimization, recovery, and recycle of mixed and radioactive mutes; and (2) identify research needs that must be addressed to create new or improved technologies. The information gathered at this workshop not only applies to Hanford but could be adapted to DOE facilities throughout the nation as well. These proceedings have been divided into three components: Background and Introduction to the Problem gives an overview of the history of the Site and the cleanup mission, including waste management operations, past disposal practices, current operations, and plans for the future. Also included in this section is a discussion of specific problems concerning the chemistry of the Hanford wastes. Separation Methodologies contains the papers given at the workshop by national experts in the field of separation science regarding the state-of-the-art of various methods and their applicability/adaptability to Hanford. Research Needs identifies further research areas developed in working group sessions. Individual papers are indexed separately

SEPARATION OF URANIUM AND PLUTONIUM OXIDES

Science.gov (United States)

Benedict, G.E.; Lyon, W.L.

1961-12-01

ABS>A method of separating a mixture of UO/sub 2/ and PuO/sub 2/ is given which comprises immersing the mixture in a fused NaCl-KCl bath, chlorinating with chlorine or phosgene, and preferentially electrolytically or chemically reducing the UO/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/ so produced to UO/sub 2/ and filtering it out. (AEC)

Managing Zirconium Chemistry and Phase Compatibility in Combined Process Separations for Minor Actinide Partitioning

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wall, Nathalie [Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States); Nash, Ken [Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States); Martin, Leigh [Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States)

2017-03-17

In response to the NEUP Program Supporting Fuel Cycle R&D Separations and Waste Forms call DEFOA- 0000799, this report describes the results of an R&D project focusing on streamlining separation processes for advanced fuel cycles. An example of such a process relevant to the U.S. DOE FCR&D program would be one combining the functions of the TRUEX process for partitioning of lanthanides and minor actinides from PUREX(UREX) raffinates with that of the TALSPEAK process for separating transplutonium actinides from fission product lanthanides. A fully-developed PUREX(UREX)/TRUEX/TALSPEAK suite would generate actinides as product(s) for reuse (or transmutation) and fission products as waste. As standalone, consecutive unit-operations, TRUEX and TALSPEAK employ different extractant solutions (solvating (CMPO, octyl(phenyl)-N,Ndiisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide) vs. cation exchanging (HDEHP, di-2(ethyl)hexylphosphoric acid) extractants), and distinct aqueous phases (2-4 M HNO<sub>3sub> vs. concentrated pH 3.5 carboxylic acid buffers containing actinide selective chelating agents). The separate processes may also operate with different phase transfer kinetic constraints. Experience teaches (and it has been demonstrated at the lab scale) that, with proper control, multiple process separation systems can operate successfully. However, it is also recognized that considerable economies of scale could be achieved if multiple operations could be merged into a single process based on a combined extractant solvent. The task of accountability of nuclear materials through the process(es) also becomes more robust with fewer steps, providing that the processes can be accurately modeled. Work is underway in the U.S. and Europe on developing several new options for combined processes (TRUSPEAK, ALSEP, SANEX, GANEX, ExAm are examples). There are unique challenges associated with the operation of such processes, some relating to organic phase chemistry, others arising from the

Coexistence of 3d-ferromagnetism and superconductivity in (Li{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x}OH)(Fe{sub 1-y}Li{sub y}Se)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brueckner, Felix; Sarkar, Rajib; Kamusella, Sirko; Klauss, Hans-Henning [Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik, Technische Universitaet Dresden (Germany); Luetkens, Hubertus [Paul-Scherrer-Institut, Villigen (Switzerland); Pachmayr, Ursula; Nitsche, Fabian; Johrendt, Dirk [Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen (Germany)

2015-07-01

In the family of iron-based superconductors, where the superconducting dome is usually separated from the magnetic phase, only few compounds show ferromagnetism arising in the superconducting state. The so far discovered examples show ferromagnetic ordering of Eu{sup 2+} ions. In this context, the presented ordering of iron orbitals in (Li{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x}OH)(Fe{sub 1-y}Li{sub y}Se) is unique. We performed a wealth of experimental methods to characterize the physics in this system, including dc resistivity and magnetization. With use of local probes (μSR,NMR,Moessbauer), we are able to describe the emergence of bulk ferromagnetism and superconductivity in a microscopic scale. Both phenomena can coexist, though they compete with each other, due to a spatial separation in the multilayer system.

Surface-ionization ion source designed for in-beam operation with the BEMS-2 isotope separator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bogdanov, D.D.; Voboril, J.; Demyanov, A.V.; Karnaukhov, V.A.; Petrov, L.A.

1976-01-01

A surface-ionization ion source designed to operate in combination with the BEMS-2 isotope separator in a heavy ion beam is described. The ion source is adjusted for the separation of rare-earth elements. The separation efficiency for 150 Dy is determined to be equal to about 20% at the ionizer temperature of 2600 deg K. The hold-up times for praseodymium, promethium and dysprosium in the ion source range from 5 to 10 sec at the ionizer temperature of 2500-2700 deg K

Domain matching epitaxy of cubic In{sub 2}O{sub 3} on r-plane sapphire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vogt, Patrick; Trampert, Achim; Ramsteiner, Manfred; Bierwagen, Oliver [Paul-Drude-Institut fuer Festkoerperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117, Berlin (Germany)

2015-07-15

Undoped, Sn-doped, and Mg-doped In{sub 2}O{sub 3} layers were grown on rhombohedral r-plane sapphire (α-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} (10.2)) by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering experiments demonstrated the formation of phase-pure, cubic (110)-oriented In{sub 2}O{sub 3} for Sn- and Mg-concentrations up to 2 x 10{sup 20} and 6 x 10{sup 20} cm{sup -3}, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy images showed facetted domains without any surface-parallel (110) facets. High Mg- or Sn-doping influenced surface morphology and the facet formation. X-ray diffraction Φ-scans indicated the formation of two rotational domains separated by an angle Φ = 86.6 due to the substrate mirror-symmetry around the in-plane-projected Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} c-axis. The in-plane epitaxial relationships to the substrate were determined for both domains. For the first domain it is Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}[01.0] parallel In{sub 2}O{sub 3}[3 anti 3 anti 4]. For the second domain the inplane epitaxial relation is Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}[01.0] parallel In{sub 2}O{sub 3}[3 anti 34]. A low-mismatch coincidence lattice of indium atoms from the film and oxygen atoms from the substrate rationalizes this epitaxial relation by domain-matched epitaxy. Cross-sectional transmission-electron microscopy showed a columnar domain-structure, indicating the vertical growth of the rotational domains after their nucleation. Coincidence structure of In{sub 2}O{sub 3} (110) (In atoms in red) grown on Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} (10.2) (O atoms in blue) showing two rotational domians. (copyright 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Autonomous Operation of Hybrid Microgrid with AC and DC Sub-Grids

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Loh, Poh Chiang; Blaabjerg, Frede

2011-01-01

the power flow among all the sources distributed throughout the two types of sub-grids, which certainly is tougher than previous efforts developed for only either ac or dc microgrid. This wider scope of control has not yet been investigated, and would certainly rely on the coordinated operation of dc...... sources, ac sources and interlinking converters. Suitable control and normalization schemes are therefore developed for controlling them with results presented for showing the overall performance of the hybrid microgrid.......This paper investigates on the active and reactive power sharing of an autonomous hybrid microgrid. Unlike existing microgrids which are purely ac, the hybrid microgrid studied here comprises dc and ac sub-grids, interconnected by power electronic interfaces. The main challenge here is to manage...

The potential impacts of sodium management on Frit Development for Coupled Operations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johnson, F. C. [Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States). Savannah River National Lab. (SRNL); Edwards, T. B. [Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States). Savannah River National Lab. (SRNL); Peeler, D. K. [Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States). Savannah River National Lab. (SRNL)

2015-06-10

In this report, Section 2.0 provides a description of sodium management and its impact on the glass waste form, Section 3.0 provides background information on phase separation, Section 4.0 provides the impact of sodium management on SB9 frit development efforts and the results of a limited scoping study investigating phase separation in potential DWPF frits, and Section 5.0 discusses potential technical issues associated with using a phase separated frit for DWPF operations.

Experimental Determination of the Neutron Characteristics of UO{sub 2}-PuO{sub 2}-H{sub 2}O Lattices; Determination Experimentale Des Caracteristiques Neutroniques De Reseaux UO{sub 2}-PuO{sub 2}-H{sub 2}O

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Debrue, J.; Fabry, A.; Leenders, L.; Motte, F.; Van Den Broeck, H. [Centre d' Etude de l' Energie Nucleaire, Mol (Belgium)

1967-09-15

As part of the investigation, in the VENUS test facility, of the variably moderated core of the BR3/VULCAIN reactor, a fuel assembly consisting of 37 UO{sub 2}-PuO{sub 2} pins (94% natural UO{sub 2}, 6% PuO{sub 2} ) was substituted for one of the enriched (to 7% {sup 235}U) UO{sub 2} fuel assemblies constituting the reactor core. Experiments were carried out with the object of refining the mathematical models for calculating the performance of this special assembly; inter alia, the fission density distribution and the changing ratio of the effective cross-sections for fission in the {sup 233}Pu and {sup 235}U were measured. Using the same critical facility, the authors are carrying out a critical experiment related directly to the problems of plutonium recycling in pressurized light-water thermal reactors. Three types of fuel are being used: UO{sub 2}-PuO{sub 2} with 3% {sup 235}U and 1% fissile plutonium, UO{sub 2}-PuO{sub 2} with 2% {sup 235}U and 2% fissile plutonium, and UO{sub 2} with 4% {sup 235}U. The two UO{sub 2}-PuO{sub 2} mixtures have completely different isotopic contents of {sup 240}Pu: 7% and 17%. In the first part of the experimental programme, a study is being made of regular lattices in cores having two co-axial cylindrical zones: a UO{sub 2}-PuO{sub 2} zone and a UO{sub 2} zone. Particular attention is being paid to investigating the region on either side of the interface separating the two zones, where the neutron spectrum reflects the characteristic energy distributions in each of the two lattices. The experimental results are to be used in calibrating the computational methods. In the second part of the experimental programme, parts of the core of the SENA power reactor will be simulated with a view to studying the problems of reloading one third of the core with mixed UO{sub 2}-PuO{sub 2} fuel. Among the experimental techniques employed in these various experiments emphasis is given to those most specifically related to the presence of

Reduced graphene oxide enwrapped pinecone-liked Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4}/TiO{sub 2} composites with enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability under visible light

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ma, Ni; Qiu, Yiwei; Zhang, Yichao; Liu, Hanyang; Yang, Yana; Wang, Jingwei; Li, Xiaoyun; Cui, Can, E-mail: cancui@zstu.edu.cn

2015-11-05

Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} possesses high photocatalytic activity under visible light, but its application is limited by photogenerated charges recombination, photocorrosion as well as consumption of noble Ag. It is of great interesting to develop new Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4}-based photocatalysts with high charges separation efficiency, good stability and low content of Ag. In this paper, we report a novel Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4}/TiO{sub 2}/reduced graphene oxide (Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4}/TiO{sub 2}/rGO) photocatalyst. It exhibits advantages on both the microstructure and the charges separation. The microstructure shows that TiO{sub 2} spheres of hundreds of nanometers in size are decorated with dense nano-sized Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} to form pinecone-liked particles, which are enwrapped by rGO sheets. This novel structure effectively prevents aggregation of nano-sized Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4}, which not only suppresses the charges recombination in Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} but also significantly reduces the content of Ag. Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4}/TiO{sub 2}/rGO also favors separation of photogenerated charges owing to its two pathways for charges transportation, i.e., the electrons in Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} can be transferred to rGO, while the holes in Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} can be transferred to TiO{sub 2}. The dual-pathway for charges separation as well as the pinecone-liked Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4}/TiO{sub 2} microstructure ultimately leads to enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability of Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4}/TiO{sub 2}/rGO. The photocatalytic performance varies with different contents of Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} in the composites, because low content of Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} induces weak light absorption while excess Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} results in serious charges recombination due to the aggregation of Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} nanoparticles. In this work, Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4}/TiO{sub 2}/rGO with weight ratio of Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} against TiO{sub 2}/rGO equals to 0.6 exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity. The percentage of Ag in

Implementation of conduct of operations at Paducah uranium hexafluoride (UF{sub 6}) sampling and transfer facility

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Penrod, S.R. [Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., KY (United States)

1991-12-31

This paper describes the initial planning and actual field activities associated with the implementation of {open_quotes}Conduct of Operations{close_quotes}. Conduct of Operations is an operating philosophy that was developed through the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO). Conduct of Operations covers many operating practices and is intended to provide formality and discipline to all aspects of plant operation. The implementation of these operating principles at the UF{sub 6} Sampling and Transfer Facility resulted in significant improvements in facility operations.

Implementation of conduct of operations at Paducah uranium hexafluoride (UF{sub 6}) sampling and transfer facility

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Penrod, S.R. [Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., KY (United States)

1991-12-31

This paper describes the initial planning and actual field activities associated with the implementation of {open_quotes}Conduct of Operations{close_quotes}, Conduct of Operations is an operating philosophy that was developed through the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO). Conduct of Operations covers many operating practices and is intended to provide formality and discipline to all aspects of plant operation. The implementation of these operating principles at the UF{sub 6} Sampling and Transfer Facility resulted in significant improvements in facility operations.

Three-dimensional porous graphene-Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanocomposites for high performance photocatalysts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bin, Zeng, E-mail: 21467855@qq.com [College of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000 (China); Hui, Long [Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon (Hong Kong)

2015-12-01

Highlights: • The three-dimensional porous graphene-Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanocomposites were synthesized. • Excellent photocatalytic performance. • Separated from the reaction medium by magnetic decantation. - Abstract: Novel three-dimensional porous graphene-Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanocomposites were synthesized by freeze-drying methods. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the graphene formed a three-dimensional porous structure with Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles decorated surfaces. The as-obtained product showed high photocatalytic efficiency and could be easily separated from the reaction medium by magnetic decantation. This nanocomposite may be expected to have potential in water purification applications.

Lithium Superionic Conductor Li{sub 9.42}Si{sub 1.02}P{sub 2.1}S{sub 9.96}O{sub 2.04} with Li{sub 10}GeP{sub 2}S{sub 12}-Type Structure in the Li{sub 2}S–P{sub 2}S{sub 5}–SiO{sub 2} Pseudoternary System: Synthesis, Electrochemical Properties, and Structure–Composition Relationships

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hori, Satoshi [Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama (Japan); Suzuki, Kota; Hirayama, Masaaki [Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama (Japan); Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama (Japan); Kato, Yuki [Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama (Japan); Battery Research Division, Higashifuji Technical Center, Toyota Motor Corporation, Susono, Shizuoka (Japan); Battery AT, Advanced Technology 1, Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA, Zaventem (Belgium); Kanno, Ryoji, E-mail: kanno@echem.titech.ac.jp [Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama (Japan); Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama (Japan)

2016-12-07

Lithium superionic conductors with the Li{sub 10}GeP{sub 2}S{sub 12} (LGPS)-type structure are promising materials for use as solid electrolytes in the next-generation lithium batteries. A novel member of the LGPS family, Li{sub 9.42}Si{sub 1.02}P{sub 2.1}S{sub 9.96}O{sub 2.04} (LSiPSO), and its solid solutions were synthesized by quenching from 1273 K in the Li{sub 2}S–P{sub 2}S{sub 5}–SiO{sub 2} pseudoternary system. The material exhibited an ionic conductivity as high as 3.2 × 10{sup −4} S cm{sup −1} at 298 K, as well as the high electrochemical stability to lithium metal, which was improved by the introduction of oxygen into the LGPS-type structure. An all-solid-state cell with a lithium metal anode and LSiPSO as the separator showed excellent performance with a high reversibility of 100%. Thus, oxygen doping is an effective way of improving the electrochemical stability of LGPS-type structure.

Carbon Dioxide Separation Technology: R&D Needs for the Chemical and Petrochemical Industries

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

none,

2007-11-01

This report, the second in a series, is designed to summarize and present recommendations for improved CO<sub>2sub> separation technology for industrial processes. This report provides an overview of 1) the principal CO<sub>2sub> producing processes, 2) the current commercial separation technologies and 3) emerging adsorption and membrane technologies for CO<sub>2sub> separation, and makes recommendations for future research.

Subtask 2.18 - Advancing CO<sub>2sub> Capture Technology: Partnership for CO<sub>2sub> Capture (PCO<sub>2sub>C) Phase III

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kay, John; Azenkeng, Alexander; Fiala, Nathan; Jensen, Melanie; Laumb, Jason; Leroux, Kerryanne; McCollor, Donald; Stanislowski, Joshua; Tolbert, Scott; Curran, Tyler

2016-03-31

Industries and utilities continue to investigate ways to decrease their carbon footprint. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) can enable existing power generation facilities to meet the current national CO<sub>2sub> reduction goals. The Partnership for CO2 Capture Phase III focused on several important research areas in an effort to find ways to decrease the cost of capture across both precombustion and postcombustion platforms. Two flue gas pretreatment technologies for postcombustion capture, an SO<sub>2sub> reduction scrubbing technology from Cansolv Technologies Inc. and the Tri-Mer filtration technology that combines particulate, NOx, and SO<sub>2sub> control, were evaluated on the Energy & Environmental Research Center’s (EERC’s) pilot-scale test system. Pretreating the flue gas should enable more efficient, and therefore less expensive, CO<sub>2sub> capture. Both technologies were found to be effective in pretreating flue gas prior to CO<sub>2sub> capture. Two new postcombustion capture solvents were tested, one from the Korea Carbon Capture and Sequestration R&D Center (KCRC) and one from CO<sub>2sub> Solutions Incorporated. Both of these solvents showed the ability to capture CO<sub>2sub> while requiring less regeneration energy, which would reduce the cost of capture. Hydrogen separation membranes from Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation were evaluated through precombustion testing. They are composed of vanadium alloy, which is less expensive than the palladium alloys that are typically used. Their performance was comparable to that of other membranes that have been tested at the EERC. Aspen Plus® software was used to model the KCRC and CO<sub>2sub> Solutions solvents and found that they would result in significantly improved overall plant performance. The modeling effort also showed that the parasitic steam load at partial capture of 45% is less than half that of 90% overall capture, indicating savings that

Sulfur impact on NO{sub x} storage, oxygen storage, and ammonia breakthrough during cyclic lean/rich operation of a commercial lean NO{sub x} trap

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Choi, Jae-Soon; Partridge, William P.; Daw, C. Stuart [Fuels, Engines, and Emissions Research Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, MS-6472, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6472 (United States)

2007-11-30

The objective of the present study was to develop an improved understanding of how sulfur affects the spatiotemporal distribution of reactions and temperature inside a monolithic lean NO{sub x} trap (LNT). These spatiotemporal distributions are believed to be major factors in LNT function, and thus, we expect that a better understanding of these phenomena can benefit the design and operation of commercial LNTs. In our study, we experimentally evaluated a commercial LNT monolith installed in a bench-flow reactor with simulated engine exhaust. The reactor feed gas composition was cycled to simulate fast lean/rich LNT operation at 325 C, and spatiotemporal species and temperature profiles were monitored along the LNT axis at different sulfur loadings. Reactor outlet NO{sub x}, NO, N{sub 2}O, and NH{sub 3} were also measured. Sulfur tended to accumulate in a plug-like fashion in the reactor and progressively inhibited NO{sub x} storage capacity along the axis. The NO{sub x} storage/reduction (NSR) reactions occurred over a relatively short portion of the reactor (NSR zone) under the conditions used in this study, and thus, net NO{sub x} conversion was only significantly reduced at high sulfur loading. Oxygen storage capacity (OSC) was poisoned by sulfur also in a progressive manner but to a lesser extent than the NO{sub x} storage capacity. Global selectivity for N{sub 2}O remained low at all sulfur loadings, but NH{sub 3} selectivity increased significantly with sulfur loading. We conjecture that NH{sub 3} breakthrough increased because of decreasing oxidation of NH{sub 3}, slipping from the NSR zone, by downstream stored oxygen. The NSR and oxygen storage/reduction (OSR) generated distinctive exotherms during the rich phase and at the rich/lean transition. Exotherm locations shifted downstream with sulfur accumulation in a manner that was consistent with the progressive poisoning of NSR and OSR sites. (author)

Comparison of gas membrane separation cascades using conventional separation cell and two-unit separation cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohno, Masayoshi; Morisue, Tetsuo; Ozaki, Osamu; Miyauchi, Terukatsu.

1978-01-01

The adoption of two-unit separation cells in radioactive rare gas membrane separation equipment enhances the separation factor, but increases the required membrane area and compressive power. An analytical economic evaluation was undertaken to compare the conventional separation cell with the two-unit separation cells, adopting as parameters the number of cascade stages, the membrane area and the operating power requirements. This paper describes the models used for evaluating the separation performance and the economics of cascade embodying these different concepts of separation cell taken up for study, and the results obtained for the individual concepts are mutually compared. It proved that, in respect of the number required of cascade stages, of operating power requirements and of the annual expenditure, better performance could always be expected of the two-unit separation cells as compared with the conventional separation cell, at least in the range of parameters adopted in this study. As regards the minimum membrane area, the conventional separation cell and the series-type separation cell yielded almost the same values, with the parallel-type separation cell falling somewhat behind. (auth.)

Effect of Rh oxide as a cocatalyst over Bi{sub 0.5}Y{sub 0.5}VO{sub 4} on photocatalytic overall water splitting

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Wei, E-mail: chanwee@henu.edu.cn [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan (China); Yang, Bingbing; Yu, Qingtao; Mao, Liqun [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan (China); Fan, Zeyun [Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); Wang, Qizhao [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070 (China); Shangguan, Wenfeng, E-mail: shangguan@sjtu.edu.cn [Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China)

2015-11-15

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • The effect of cocatalysts as active sites for water splitting was investigated. • Rh{sub 2}O{sub 3} was found to give the highest photocatalytic activity. • Compared to Pt, NiO, Rh{sub 2}O{sub 3} can reduce more overpotential of O{sub 2} evolution. • Rh{sub 2}O{sub 3} also promote the separation of electrons and holes apparently. - Abstract: Pt, Rh{sub 2}O{sub 3}, NiO nanoparticles as cocatalysts were loaded on BYV solid solution photocatalysts by an impregnation method to promote photocatalytic activity for overall water splitting. The cocatalysts loading could enhance the photocatalytic activity significantly. The (photo)electrochemical measurements and HR-TEM, PL analyses revealed that the effect of cocatalysts acted as active sites depended on the efficient separation of photoinduced charge carriers as well as the reduction of the overpotential of O{sub 2} evolution. Among the cocatalysts in this study, Rh{sub 2}O{sub 3} was found to give the highest photocatalytic activity. This is because, compared to Pt and NiO, Rh{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanoparticles are able to not only reduce more overpotential of O{sub 2} evolution, but also extremely promote the separation of electrons and holes. 0.5 wt% Rh{sub 2}O{sub 3}/BYV exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity for H{sub 2} and O{sub 2} evolution, reaching 104.4 μmol/h and 50.9 μmol/h, respectively. The present work will be useful to instruct cocatalyst loading for obtaining the photocatalysts with high photocatalytic activity for overall water splitting.

Operator analysis of physical states on magnetized T{sup 2}/Z{sub N} orbifolds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abe, Tomo-hiro, E-mail: t-abe@scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp [Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan); Fujimoto, Yukihiro, E-mail: Fujimoto@het.phys.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp [Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043 (Japan); Kobayashi, Tatsuo, E-mail: kobayashi@particle.sci.hokudai.ac.jp [Department of Physics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810 (Japan); Miura, Takashi, E-mail: takashi.miura@people.kobe-u.ac.jp [Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501 (Japan); Nishiwaki, Kenji, E-mail: nishiken@kias.re.kr [Regional Centre for Accelerator-based Particle Physics, Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Allahabad 211 019 (India); School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 130 722 (Korea, Republic of); Sakamoto, Makoto, E-mail: dragon@kobe-u.ac.jp [Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501 (Japan)

2015-01-15

We discuss an effective way for analyzing the system on the magnetized twisted orbifolds in operator formalism, especially in the complicated cases T{sup 2}/Z{sub 3}, T{sup 2}/Z{sub 4} and T{sup 2}/Z{sub 6}. We can obtain the exact and analytical results which can be applicable for any larger values of the quantized magnetic flux M, and show that the (non-diagonalized) kinetic terms are generated via our formalism and the number of the surviving physical states are calculable in a rigorous manner by simply following usual procedures in linear algebra in any case. Our approach is very powerful when we try to examine properties of the physical states on (complicated) magnetized orbifolds T{sup 2}/Z{sub 3}, T{sup 2}/Z{sub 4}, T{sup 2}/Z{sub 6} (and would be in other cases on higher-dimensional torus) and could be an essential tool for actual realistic model construction based on these geometries. (Note: This article is registered under preprint number: (arXiv:1409.5421).)

Oxygen sensor equipped engine operation on methanol/gasoline blends and phase separation problems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Last, A J; Lawson, A; Simmons, E W; Mackay, D; Tsang, M; Maund, G B

1980-01-01

A study was made to address problems related to Canadian utilization of methanol/gasoline blends. These problems are: (1) cold weather operation; (2) water sensitivity to phase separation in winter; (3) vehicle compatibility: fuel/air ratio control, flexibility for vehicle movement outside of areas where methanol might be available. Specifically, the operation of the HydroShear (an in-line hydraulic emulsifier) on the two separated phases of a methanol/gasoline/water blend was examined. Fuel maps, by engine dynamometer testing, were generated using methanol/gasoline blends containing 15% to 65% methanol. The capability of an oxygen sensor, located in the exhaust system, to control the fuel/air ratio was found to be adequate within the 15% to 65% methanol/gasoline blends. A fuel injected Volvo 244DL with lambda-sond emission control and a carburetted Chevrolet Monza with 3-way catalyst closed loop feedback emission control system were the two engines selected for this study.

Hierarchical Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@MoS{sub 2}/Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} magnetic nanocomposites: Enhanced and stable photocatalytic performance for water purification under visible light irradiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guo, Na [Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102 (China); Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039 (China); Li, Haiyan; Xu, Xingjian [Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102 (China); Yu, Hongwen, E-mail: yuhw@neigae.ac.cn [Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102 (China)

2016-12-15

Highlights: • The FM/A-6% possesses a large specific surface area: 76.56 m{sup 2}/g. • The FM/A-6% displays high photocatalytic stability. • The FM/A-6% can be collected easily from the water by magnetic field. - Abstract: Novel hierarchical Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@MoS{sub 2}/Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} magnetic nanophotocatalyst with remarkable photocatalytic capability were prepared by simply depositing the Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} onto the surface of crumpled Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@MoS{sub 2} nanosphere. The nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, TEM, HRTEM, XPS, BET, and UV–vis DRS. The outcome of the photocatalytic experiments demonstrated that Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@MoS{sub 2}/Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} with 6 wt% content of Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} (FM/A-6%) showed the highest photocatalytic activity upon the degradation Congo red (CR) and Rhodamine B (RhB) under both visible light and simulated sunlight irradiation. In addition, FM/A-6% possessed larger specific surface area (76.56 m{sup 2}/g) and excellent optical property. The possible Z-scheme charge carriers transfer mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic properties of the FM/A-6% was also discussed. The Z-scheme charge carriers transfer mechanism established between MoS{sub 2} and Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} facilitate the charge separation efficiency. Moreover, FM/A-6% can be separated and collected easily by external magnetic field and maintain high activity after five times photoreaction cycles. Given the remarkable photocatalytic performance and high stability of FM/A-6% nanocomposite, it is looking forward to exhibit great potential for applications in water purification.

Adsorption and separation of propane and propylene by porous hexacyanometallates

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Autie-Castro, G. [Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Materiales, Universidad de La Habana (Cuba); Autie, M. [Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Materiales, Universidad de La Habana (Cuba); Centro de Ingenieria y Proyectos (CIPRO), ISPJAE, La Habana (Cuba); Reguera, E., E-mail: ereguera@yahoo.com [Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Materiales, Universidad de La Habana (Cuba); Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada del IPN, Unidad Legaria, Mexico DF (Mexico); Moreno-Tost, R.; Rodriguez-Castellon, E.; Jimenez-Lopez, A.; Santamaria-Gonzalez, J. [Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Cristalografia y Mineralogia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga (Spain)

2011-01-15

The separation capability for mixtures of propane and propylene by porous frameworks representatives of transition metal hexacyanometallates was studied from adsorption data under equilibrium conditions at 273.15 K and from inverse gas chromatography profiles at different column temperatures. Samples of two porous solids were considered; Cd{sub 3}[Co(CN){sub 6}]{sub 2}, which is representative of Prussian blue analogues (cubic structure) with a porous framework related to vacancies for building block, and Zn{sub 3}[Co(CN){sub 6}]{sub 2} (rhombohedral phase) where the porous framework results from the tetrahedral coordination for the Zn atoms. The two materials were found to be able for the mixtures separation, with the highest separation ability for the rhombohedral phase under equilibrium conditions but, in dynamic conditions the cubic one shown a better separation, which was ascribed to a kinetic contribution related to a smaller windows size.

Measurement of the ν<sub>μ> Charged Current π⁺ to Quasi-Elastic Cross Section Ratio on Mineral Oil in a 0.8 GeV Neutrino Beam

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Linden, Steven K. [Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)

2011-01-01

Charged current single pion production (CCπ⁺) and charged current quasi-elastic scattering (CCQE) are the most abundant interaction types for neutrinos at energies around 1 GeV, a region of great interest to oscillation experiments. The cross-sections for these processes, however, are not well understood in this energy range. This dissertation presents a measurement of the ratio of CCπ⁺ to CCQE cross-sections for muon neutrinos on mineral oil (CH<sub>2sub>) in the MiniBooNE experiment. The measurement is presented here both with and without corrections for hadronic re-interactions in the target nucleus and is given as a function of neutrino energy in the range 0.4 GeV < E<sub>ν> < 2.4 GeV. With more than 46,000 CCπ⁺ events collected in MiniBooNE, and with a fractional uncertainty of roughly 11% in the region of highest statistics, this measurement represents a dramatic improvement in statistics and precision over previous CCπ⁺ and CCQE measurements.

Improving g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} photocatalysis for NO{sub x} removal by Ag nanoparticles decoration

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sun, Yanjuan [Air Environmental Modelling and Pollution Controlling Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225 (China); Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067 (China); Xiong, Ting; Ni, Zilin [Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067 (China); Liu, Jie [Air Environmental Modelling and Pollution Controlling Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225 (China); Dong, Fan, E-mail: dfctbu@126.com [Air Environmental Modelling and Pollution Controlling Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225 (China); Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067 (China); Zhang, Wei, E-mail: andyzhangwei@163.com [Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714 (China); Ho, Wing-Kei [Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Centre for Education in Environmental Sustainability, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong (China)

2015-12-15

Graphical abstract: Ag/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} nanocomposites were prepared via a facile method for enhanced photocatalytic NO{sub x} removal due to surface plasmon resonance of Ag. - Highlights: • The Ag/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} nanocomposites were prepared using urea as the precursor. • The Ag/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} nanocomposites were applied in removal of NO{sub x} in air. • The Ag nanoparticles enhanced the photocatalytic activity of g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4}. • The surface plasmon resonance of Ag played a key role in photocatalysis. - Abstract: In order to overcome the intrinsic drawback of pristine g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4}, we prepared g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} nanosheets with enhanced photocatalytic performance by Ag nanoparticles decoration using urea as the precursor. It was revealed that the monodispersed Ag nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} nanosheets. The Ag/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} nanocomposites were applied in removal of NO{sub x} in air under visible light irradiation. The results showed that the decoration of Ag nanoparticles not only enhanced the photocatalytic activity of g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} nanosheets, but also benefited the oxidation of NO to final products. The increased visible light absorption arising from the surface plasmon resonance of Ag and improved separation and transfer of photoinduced carriers over Ag/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} composites were demonstrated by the UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra and photoluminescence spectra, respectively. It was therefore proposed that the enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} composites could be attributed to the extended light response range and enhanced charge separation due to the introduction of Ag nanoparticles.

Determination of the deuterium separation factor between ammonia and hydrogen; Determination du facteur de separation du deuterium entre l'ammoniac et l'hydrogene

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ravoire, J; Grandcollot, P; Dirian, G; Montel, J

1963-07-01

The separation factors between hydrogen and gaseous ammonia ({alpha}{sub g}) and between hydrogen and liquid ammonia ({alpha}{sub l}) have been determined by experimental measurements and by calculations from spectrographic data, using existing data concerning the separation factor between liquid ammonia and gaseous ammonia ({alpha}{sub v}). The values of {alpha}{sub v}, {alpha}{sub g} and {alpha}{sub l} are given in a table for a temperature range between - 70 deg C and + 40 deg C. The following equations have been established: log {alpha}{sub g} = 218 {+-} 1/T - 0.1841, from - 70 deg. C to + 40 deg. C. log {alpha}{sub g} = 216 {+-} 1/T + Q, valid at every temperature, Q being known as a function of temperature. log {alpha}{sub l} = 233 {+-} 1/T - 0.2283, from - 70 deg. C a -25 deg. C. (authors) [French] Les facteurs de separation hydrogene-ammoniac gazeux ({alpha}{sub g}) et hydrogene-ammoniac liquide ({alpha}{sub l}) ont ete determines a l'aide de mesures experimentales et de calculs a partir des donnees spectrographiques, en utilisant les donnees existantes relatives au facteur de separation ammoniac liquide-ammoniac gazeux ({alpha}{sub v}) Les valeurs de {alpha}{sub v}, {alpha}{sub g}, et {alpha}{sub l} sont donnees sous forme de tableau pour des temperatures allant de - 70 deg. C a + 40 deg. C. Les relations suivantes ont ete etablies: log {alpha}{sub g} = 218 {+-} 1/T - 0.1841, valable de - 70 deg. C a + 40 deg. C. log {alpha}{sub g} = 216 {+-} 1/T + Q, valable a toute temperature, Q etant connu en fonction de la temperature. log {alpha}{sub l} = 233 {+-} 1/T - 0.2283, valable de - 70 deg. C a -25 deg. C. (auteurs)

TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles supported on the Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@SiO{sub 2} nanocomposites: a novel magnetic nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Safari, Javad, E-mail: safari-jav@yahoo.com, E-mail: safari@kashanu.ac.ir; Abedi-Jazini, Zahra; Zarnegar, Zohre, E-mail: z-zarnegar@yahoo.com; Sadeghi, Masoud [University of Kashan, Laboratory of Organic Compound Research, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2015-12-15

Nano TiO{sub 2} supported on the Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@SiO{sub 2} nanocomposites is introduced as a novel catalyst for the environmental synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles in PEG-200 as a green medium at room temperature. In this reaction, thiourea and N-bromosuccinimide were reacted with various ketones affording the desired 2-aminothiazole compounds. This green protocol has promising features for the reaction response such as simple procedure, high yields, and the ease of separation of pure product, short reaction time, and convenient manipulation. This catalyst was easily separated by an external magnet, and the recovered catalyst was reused several times without any significant loss of activity.Graphical abstract.

The CEBAF RF separator system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hovater, C.; Arnold, G.; Fugitt, J.; Harwood, L.; Kazimi, R.; Lahti, G.; Mammosser, J.; Nelson, R.; Piller, C.; Turlington, L.

1996-01-01

The 4 GeV CEBAF accelerator at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is arranged in a five-pass racetrack configuration, with two superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) linacs joined by independent magnetic transport arcs. The 1497 MHz continuous electron beam is composed of three interlaced variable-intensity 499 MHz beams that can be independently directed from any of the five passes to any of the three experimental halls. Beam extraction is made possible by a system of nine warm sub-harmonic separator cavities capable of delivering a 100 urad kick to any pass at a maximum machine energy of 6 GeV. Each separator cavity is a half-wavelength, two cell design with a high transverse shunt impedance and a small transverse dimension. The cavities are powered by 1 kW solid state amplifiers operating at 499 MHz. Cavity phase and gradient control are provided through a modified version of the same control module used for the CEBAF SRF cavity controls. The system has recently been tested while delivering beam to Hall C. In this paper we present a description of the RF separator system and recent test results with beam. (author)

A basic study on capture and solidification of rare earth nuclide (Nd) in LiCl-KCl eutectic salt using an inorganic composite with Li{sub 2}OAl{sub 2}O{sub 3}- SiO{sub 2}-B{sub 2}O{sub 3} systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Na Young; Eum, Hee Chul; Park, Hwan Seo; Ahn, Do Hee [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2017-03-15

The pyroprocessing of spent nuclear fuel generates LiCl-KCl eutectic waste salt containing radioactive rare earth nuclides. It is necessary to develop a simple process for the treatment of LiCl-KCl eutectic waste in a hot-cell facility. In this study, capture and solidification of a rare earth nuclide (Nd) in LiCl-KCl eutectic salt using an inorganic composite with a Li{sub 2}OAl{sub 2}O{sub 3}- SiO{sub 2}-B{sub 2}O{sub 3} system was conducted to simplify the existing separation and solidification process of rare earth nuclides in LiCl-KCl eutectic waste salt from the pyroprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. More than 98wt% of Nd in LiCl-KCl eutectic salt was captured when the mass ratio of the composite was 0.67 over NdCl3 in the eutectic salt. The content of Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3} in the Nd captured-composite reached about 50wt%, and this composite was directly fabricated into a homogeneous and chemical resistant glass waste in a monolithic form. These results will be utilized in designing a process to simplify the existing separation and solidification process.

Tuning of normal and inverse magnetocaloric effect in Sm{sub 0.35}Pr{sub 0.15}Sr{sub 0.5}MnO{sub 3} phase separated manganites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Giri, S.K. [Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 (India); Dasgupta, Papri; Poddar, A. [Experimental Condensed Matter Physics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, West Bengal (India); Nath, T.K., E-mail: tnath@phy.iitkgp.ernet.in [Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 (India)

2015-05-15

Graphical abstract: ΔS{sub M} vs. T plots of nano (left) and bulk (right) samples at different magnetic fields. - Highlights: • Bulk to nano show first order FM → PM phase transition at low magnetic field. • Bulk sample exhibits normal and inverse MCE around T{sub C} and after T{sub g}, respectively. • The value of ΔS{sub M} at T{sub C} is almost three times larger than at T{sub g}. • The value of ΔS{sub M} also decreases with reduction of particles sizes. • The bulk sample also exhibits a large RCP of 43.5 J/kg for a magnetic field of 1 T. - Abstract: Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Sm{sub 0.35}Pr{sub 0.15}Sr{sub 0.5}MnO{sub 3} polycrystalline manganite (bulk and nanometric samples) are investigated in detail. It has been observed that all the particle sizes (bulk to nano) show first order ferromagnetic → paramagnetic phase transition at low magnetic field. Ferromagnetic transition temperature also decreases with decreasing the particle size. This suggests that ferromagnetism is weakened and the first order magnetic phase transition is softened. We have investigated the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of both bulk and nanometric samples around their spin glass-like transition temperature, T{sub g} and Curie temperature, T{sub C}. It has been found that bulk sample exhibits both normal (i.e., negative ΔS{sub M}) and inverse (i.e., positive ΔS{sub M}) MCE around T{sub C} and after T{sub g}, respectively. The value of ΔS{sub M} (+3.17 J kg{sup −1} K{sup −1}) at T{sub C} is almost three times larger than at T{sub g} (ΔS{sub M} = −0.52 J kg{sup −1} K{sup −1}) for a magnetic field change of 7 T. The bulk sample also exhibits a large relative cooling power (RCP) of 43.5 J/kg for a magnetic field of 1 T. The corresponding adiabatic temperature change of bulk sample is observed to be ∼1.5 K for a magnetic field change of 3 T. The value of ΔS{sub M} also decreases with reduction of particles sizes. The temperature width of ΔS{sub M

Application of THz probe radiation in low-coherent tomographs based on spatially separated counterpropagating beams

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuritsyn, I I; Shkurinov, A P; Nazarov, M M [Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Russian Federation); Mandrosov, V I [Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region (Russian Federation); Cherkasova, O P [Institute of Laser Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (Russian Federation)

2013-10-31

A principle of designing a high-resolution low-coherent THz tomograph, which makes it possible to investigate media with a high spatial resolution (in the range λ{sub 0} – 2λ{sub 0}, where λ{sub 0} is the average probe wavelength) is considered. The operation principle of this tomograph implies probing a medium by radiation with a coherence length of 8λ{sub 0} and recording a hologram of a focused image of a fixed layer of this medium using spatially separated counterpropagating object and reference beams. Tomograms of the medium studied are calculated using a temporal approach based on application of the time correlation function of probe radiation. (terahertz radiation)

The thermal oxide reprocessing plant at Sellafield: three years of active operation in the chemical separation plant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Philips, C.

1998-01-01

The Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant at British Nuclear Fuels' Sellafield site started operating in March 1994 with the shearing of its first irradiated fuel. In January 1995 the Chemical Separation part of the plant commenced processing the irradiated fuel feed solution that had been produced in the previous year by the Head End plant. By the Spring of 1998 over 1400 t of irradiated fuel has been reprocessed in Thorp, and the plant is being steadily and successfully ramped up to its normal operating throughput. The performance of the Thorp Chemical Separation Plant has been excellent, with the solvent extraction contactors performing as predicted by the extensive development programme. In particular the uranium-plutonium separation stage, which received intensive development to deal with the effects of the fission product technetium, has given an overall separation performance well in excess of the minimum flowsheet requirement. Decontamination of the uranium and plutonium products from fission products has in general been better than flowsheet requirements and the solvent extraction equipment has operated stably under the automatic controls developed during the R and D programme. Discharges of contaminants to waste streams have generally been in line with, or better than, expectation. This paper compares with flowsheet predictions a range of the key fission product and transuranic decontamination factors achieved in Thorp, shows how waste stream discharges are a small fraction of Sellafield Site discharge limits, demonstrates how uranium - plutonium separation performance has compared with expectation and summarises the overall performance of the Chemical Separation Plant. (author)

Three-dimensional vortex pinning by nano-precipitates in a Sm-doped YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-x} coated conductor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Z [University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 (United States); Feldmann, D M [University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 (United States); Song, X [University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 (United States); Kim, S I [University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 (United States); Gurevich, A [University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 (United States); Reeves, J L [SuperPower Incorporated, 450 Duane Avenue, Schenectady, NY 12304 (United States); Xie, Y Y [SuperPower Incorporated, 450 Duane Avenue, Schenectady, NY 12304 (United States); Selvamanickam, V [SuperPower Incorporated, 450 Duane Avenue, Schenectady, NY 12304 (United States); Larbalestier, D C [University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 (United States)

2007-09-15

We report on the thickness and angular dependence of the critical current density J{sub c}(H,{theta}), the irreversibility field H{sup irr}, and the bulk pinning force F{sub p}(H) of a metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) grown YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-x} (YBCO) coated conductor, which contains {approx}17 vol% of {approx}10 nm sized (Y,Sm){sub 2}O{sub 3} precipitates with an average spacing of {approx}10-15 nm. Some surface porosity and amorphous second-phase particles on the scale of {approx}0.5-1 {mu}m appear to reduce the current-carrying cross-section, which controls the magnitude of J{sub c} but not the vortex pinning. We observed an enhanced H{sup irr}{approx}9 T at 77 K along the c-axis which, like the shape of J{sub c}(H) and F{sub p}(H), was independent of thickness as the sample was milled down to {approx}0.16 {mu}m. Angular-dependent measurements of J{sub c} showed the usual excess vortex pinning along the c-axis and along the ab-plane, but with a background that could only be fitted with an unusually small anisotropy parameter of 3, which, like the high H{sup irr} and the thickness-independent shape of F{sub p}(H), we ascribe to strong vortex pinning centre interactions. Together, these measurements show very different behaviour from most pulsed-laser-deposited films, which exhibit strong thickness-dependent properties. We ascribe the present different results to the dense array of small, insulating precipitates, which act as strong pinning centres and produce strong three-dimensional (3D) vortex pinning, because their separation of 10-15 nm is always much smaller than the film thickness.

SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE TREATMENT OF USED NUCLEAR FUEL TO ENHANCE SEPARATIONS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gray, J.; Torres, R.; Korinko, P.; Martinez-Rodriguez, M.; Becnel, J.; Garcia-Diaz, B.; Adams, T.

2012-09-25

Reactive Gas Recycling (RGR) technology development has been initiated at Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL), with a stretch-goal to develop a fully dry recycling technology for Used Nuclear Fuel (UNF). This approach is attractive due to the potential of targeted gas-phase treatment steps to reduce footprint and secondary waste volumes associated with separations relying primarily on traditional technologies, so long as the fluorinators employed in the reaction are recycled for use in the reactors or are optimized for conversion of fluorinator reactant. The developed fluorination via SF{sub 6}, similar to the case for other fluorinators such as NF{sub 3}, can be used to address multiple fuel forms and downstream cycles including continued processing for LWR via fluorination or incorporation into a aqueous process (e.g. modified FLUOREX) or for subsequent pyro treatment to be used in advanced gas reactor designs such metal- or gas-cooled reactors. This report details the most recent experimental results on the reaction of SF{sub 6} with various fission product surrogate materials in the form of oxides and metals, including uranium oxides using a high-temperature DTA apparatus capable of temperatures in excess of 1000{deg}C . The experimental results indicate that the majority of the fission products form stable solid fluorides and sulfides, while a subset of the fission products form volatile fluorides such as molybdenum fluoride and niobium fluoride, as predicted thermodynamically. Additional kinetic analysis has been performed on additional fission products. A key result is the verification that SF{sub 6} requires high temperatures for direct fluorination and subsequent volatilization of uranium oxides to UF{sub 6}, and thus is well positioned as a head-end treatment for other separations technologies, such as the volatilization of uranium oxide by NF{sub 3} as reported by colleagues at PNNL, advanced pyrochemical separations or traditional full recycle

Semiconductor CdF<sub>2sub>:Ga and CdF<sub>2sub>:In Crystals as Media for Real-Time Holography

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexander E. Angervaks

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Monocrystalline cadmium fluoride is a dielectric solid that can be converted into a semiconductor by doping with donor impurities and subsequent heating in the reduction atmosphere. For two donor elements, Ga and In, the donor (“shallow” state is a metastable one separated from the ground (“deep” state by a barrier. Photoinduced deep-to-shallow state transition underlies the photochromism of CdF<sub>2sub>:Ga and CdF<sub>2sub>:In. Real-time phase holograms are recorded in these crystals capable of following up optical processes in a wide frequency range. The features of photochromic transformations in CdF<sub>2sub>:Ga and CdF<sub>2sub>:In crystals as well as holographic characteristics of these media are discussed. Exemplary applications of CdF<sub>2sub>-based holographic elements are given.

Gas sensing behaviour of Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} and W{sup 6+}: Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanoparticles towards acetone

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kohli, Nipin, E-mail: nipinkohli82@yahoo.com; Hastir, Anita; Singh, Ravi Chand [Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005 (India)

2016-05-23

This paper reports the acetone gas sensing properties of Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} and 2% W{sup 6+} doped Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanoparticles. The simple cost-effective hydrolysis assisted co-precipitation method was adopted. Synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) techniques. XRD revealed that synthesized nanoparticles have corundum structure. The lattice parameters have been calculated by Rietveld refinement; and strain and crystallite size have been calculated by using the Williamson-Hall plots. For acetone gas sensing properties, the nanoparticles were applied as thick film onto alumina substrate and tested at different operating temperatures. The results showed that the optimum operating temperature of both the gas sensors is 250°C. At optimum operating temperature, the response of Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} and 2% W{sup 6+} doped Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} gas sensor towards 100 ppm acetone was found to be 25.5 and 35.6 respectively. The investigations revealed that the addition of W{sup 6+} as a dopant enhanced the sensing response of Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanoparticles appreciably.

High resolution neutron total and capture cross-sections in separated isotopes of copper (6365Cu)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pandey, M.S.

1975-01-01

High resolution neutron total and capture cross section measurements have been performed on separated isotopes of copper ( 63 65 Cu). Measurements for capture cross section were made from about 1 keV to a few hundreds of keV. The total cross section measurements were made in the energy interval of approximately 10 keV to 150 keV. The resulting capture data have been analyzed by a generalized least square peak fitting computer code in the energy interval of 2.5 keV to 50 keV. Photon strengths are determined using the data up to approximately 250 keV. The resulting total cross section data have been analyzed by area-analysis on the transmission values and by R-matrix multilevel code on cross section values. Average s- and p-wave level spacing and s- and p-wave strength function values are determined. From the resonance parameters thus obtained, by the analysis, statistical distribution is studied for s- and p-wave level spacings and reduced neutron widths. A comparison has been made for adjacent level spacings with the theoretical predictions of level repulsion (of same J/sup π/) by Wigner considering levels with various spin states separately for s-wave resonances where confident spin assignment has been possible. Reduced neutron widths are compared with the Porter-Thomas distribution. Optical model formulated by Feshbach, Porter and Weiskopf describes the neutron-nucleus interaction. A comparison has been made between experimentally determined values of the s- and p-wave strength functions and that obtainable from optical model calculations, thereby determining the appropriate optical model parameters. The experimental arrangement, pertinent theoretical discussion, and the processes of data reduction and the analyses along with the comparison of the previously reported results with the present work are presented in detail

REMOVAL OF H(sub 2)S AND SO(sub 2) BY CaCO(sub 3)-BASED SORBENTS AT HIGH PRESSURES; SEMIANNUAL

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prof. Stratis V. Sotirchos

1999-01-01

The effects of various operating and process parameters on the direct sulfidation of limestones, that is, their reaction with H(sub 2)S in the presence of CO(sub 2) at concentrations large enough to prevent the decomposition of CaCO(sub 3) to CaO. Two calcitic solids of high calcium carbonate content (over 97%) were employed in the experiments, and the reaction was studied in a thermogravimetric analysis system that can operate at pressures above atmospheric. Pressures in the 1-4 atm range were employed. The results showed that the pressure influenced the behavior of the process mainly through its effects on the concentration of H(sub 2)S, and the rate of the reaction was found to be of first order with respect to this variable. The behavior of the process could be described satisfactorily by a shrinking core model with a product layer diffusivity that depended only on the temperature and did not vary with the distance from the external surface of the particles. The results on the effects of particle size, temperature, limestone sample, and concentration of H(sub 2)S were in agreement with those in a past investigation of the direct sulfidation reaction of limestones in our laboratory at atmospheric pressure. For the next six-month period, we plan to conduct experiments on the effects of the effects of carbonation reaction on the sulfation of calcined limestones. As explained in the introductory section of this report, this situation may occur as calcined particles move into areas of the combustor where the concentration of CO(sub 2) is above the equilibrium value for the calcination reaction at the prevailing temperature

Dissolution kinetics of magnesium hydroxide for CO{sub 2} separation from coal-fired power plants

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bharadwaj, Hari Krishna [Chemical Engineering Program, School of Energy, Environmental, Biological, and Medical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012 (United States); Lee, Joo-Youp, E-mail: joo.lee@uc.edu [Chemical Engineering Program, School of Energy, Environmental, Biological, and Medical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012 (United States); Li, Xin; Liu, Zhouyang [Chemical Engineering Program, School of Energy, Environmental, Biological, and Medical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012 (United States); Keener, Tim C. [Environmental Engineering Program, School of Energy, Environmental, Biological, and Medical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012 (United States)

2013-04-15

Highlights: ► Magnesium hydroxide dissolution was found to be controlled by chemical reaction. ► The intrinsic kinetics has a fractional order between 0.20 and 0.31. ► The true activation energy value was found to have 76 ± 11 kJ/gmol. ► A shrinking-core model predicted experimental data with good accuracy. -- Abstract: The dissolution of magnesium hydroxide in water for the release of magnesium and hydroxyl ions into the solution to maintain suitable alkalinity is a crucial step in the Mg(OH){sub 2}-based CO{sub 2} absorption process. In this study, the rate of dissolution of Mg(OH){sub 2} was investigated under different operating conditions using a pH stat apparatus. The dissolution process was modeled using a shrinking core model and the overall Mg(OH){sub 2} dissolution process was found to be controlled by the surface chemical reaction of Mg(OH){sub 2} with H{sup +} ions. Under the chemical reaction control regime, the dissolution of Mg(OH){sub 2} in alkaline conditions was found not to follow a first-order reaction, and the fractional order of reaction was estimated to lie between 0.20 and 0.31. This suggests that the dissolution reaction is a non-elementary reaction, consisting of a sequence of elementary reactions, via most likely forming a surface magnesium complex. The true activation energy value of 76 ± 11 kJ/gmol was found to be almost twice as much as the observed activation energy value of 42 ± 6 kJ/gmol determined at pH 8.6, and was comparable with the previously reported values. The particle sizes predicted from the intrinsic kinetics determined from the model were in good agreement with the experimentally measured particle sizes during the dissolution process.

FY1998 research report on the R and D on high- temperature CO{sub 2} separation, recovery and recycling technologies; 1998 nendo nisanka tanso koon bunri kaishu sairiyo gijutsu kekyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

This project aims to develop high-temperature (over 300 degrees C) CO{sub 2} separation, recovery and recycling technologies. For separation membranes, control technology of micro-pore structure using templates, and that of a permeation gas affinity by metal ion exchange and metallic element addition to separation membrane textures were developed. The result gave the guide to control, design and evaluation of permeation and separation properties. The prototype module was prepared, and improvement of joining technology and evaluation of material fatigue property were also carried out. As for optimization of the developed system and research on its marketability, study was mainly made on the ripple effect of inorganic membranes. The current state and trend of technologies were studied also for power plants. In the concept design of the module, further study was made on high-temperature sealing technology and inorganic membrane technology for H{sub 2} gas separation. Use of CO{sub 2} gas separation technology for steelmaking process was newly studied. The ripple effect was studied for future important fields. (NEDO)

Sources of CO{sub 2} efflux from soil and review of partitioning methods

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuzyakov, Y. [University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart (Germany). Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation

2006-03-15

Five main biogenic sources of CO{sub 2} efflux from soils have been distinguished and described according to their turnover rates and the mean residence time of carbon. They are root respiration, rhizomicrobial respiration, decomposition of plant residues, the priming effect induced by root exudation or by addition of plant residues, and basal respiration by microbial decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM). These sources can be grouped in several combinations to summarize CO{sub 2} efflux from the soil including: root-derived CO{sub 2}, plant-derived CO{sub 2}, SOM-derived CO{sub 2}, rhizosphere respiration, heterotrophic microbial respiration (respiration by heterotrophs), and respiration by autotrophs. These distinctions are important because without separation of SOM-derived CO{sub 2} from plant-derived CO{sub 2}, measurements of total soil respiration have very limited value for evaluation of the soil as a source or sink of atmospheric CO{sub 2} and for interpreting the sources of CO{sub 2} and the fate of carbon within soils and ecosystems. Additionally, the processes linked to the five sources of CO{sub 2} efflux from soil have various responses to environmental variables and consequently to global warming. This review describes the basic principles and assumptions of the following methods which allow SOM-derived and root-derived CO{sub 2} efflux to be separated under laboratory and field conditions: root exclusion techniques, shading and clipping, tree girdling, regression, component integration, excised roots and in situ root respiration; continuous and pulse labeling, {sup 13}C natural abundance and FACE, and radiocarbon dating and bomb-{sup 14}C. A short sections cover the separation of the respiration of autotrophs and that of heterotrophs, i.e. the separation of actual root respiration from microbial respiration, as well as methods allowing the amount of CO{sub 2} evolved by decomposition of plant residues and by priming effects to be estimated. All

Summary report on UO<sub>2sub> thermal conductivity model refinement and assessment studies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Xiang-Yang [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Cooper, Michael William Donald [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Mcclellan, Kenneth James [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Lashley, Jason Charles [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Byler, Darrin David [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Bell, B. D.C. [Imperial College, London (United Kingdom); Grimes, R. W. [Imperial College, London (United Kingdom); Stanek, Christopher Richard [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Andersson, David Ragnar [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2017-02-03

-temperature model typically used in fuel performance codes. The model is validated by comparison to low-temperature experimental measurements on single crystal hyper-stoichiometric UO<sub>2+xsub> samples and high-temperature literature data. Ongoing works include investigation of the effect of phase separation to UO<sub>2sub>+U>4sub>O>9sub> on the low temperature thermal conductivity of UO<sub>2+xsub>, and modeling of thermal conductivity using the Green-Kubo method. Ultimately, this work will enable more accurate fuel performance simulations as well as extension to new fuel types and operating conditions, all of which improve the fuel economics of nuclear energy and maintain high fuel reliability and safety.

URANIUM SEPARATION PROCESS

Science.gov (United States)

Lyon, W.L.

1962-04-17

A method of separating uranium oxides from PuO/sub 2/, ThO/sub 2/, and other actinide oxides is described. The oxide mixture is suspended in a fused salt melt and a chlorinating agent such as chlorine gas or phosgene is sparged through the suspension. Uranium oxides are selectively chlorinated and dissolve in the melt, which may then be filtered to remove the unchlorinated oxides of the other actinides. (AEC)

Study of {chi}{sub c} production using HERA-B data

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aleksandrov, Aleksandar

2010-07-15

In this thesis the production of the charmonium states {chi}{sub c1} and {chi}{sub c2} in protonnucleus collisions at a proton-nucleon center-of-mass energy {radical}(s)=41.6 GeV was studied. The data used for the analysis have been taken by the fixed-target experiment HERA-B that uses the HERA proton beam to scatter protons off the nuclei of different wire targets. About 122.10{sup 3} recorded muonic J/{psi} decays, J/{psi}{yields}{mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}, resulted in almost 10000 reconstructed {chi}{sub c}{yields}J/{psi}{gamma}. The ratio R{sub {chi}{sub c}}= sum {sub i=1,2}{sigma}({chi}{sub ci})Br({chi}{sub ci}{yields}J/{psi}{gamma})/{sigma}(J/{psi}), which is the ratio of J/{psi} from {chi}{sub c} decays to all produced J/{psi}, was measured in the kinematical range -0.35sub F}{sup J/{psi}}<0.15 for carbon and tungsten wire targets. The average over both materials yields R{sub {chi}{sub c}}=0.190{sub -0.029}{sup +0.030}. Despite the small separation of the masses of the two {chi}{sub c} states, comparable to the detector resolution, the ratio R{sub 12}=R{sub {chi}{sub c}{sub 1}}/R{sub {chi}{sub c}{sub 2}} was measured yielding R{sub 12}=1.30{sub -0.37}{sup +0.59} which corresponds to a production cross section ratio ({sigma}({chi}{sub c1}))/({sigma}({chi}{sub c2}))=0.74{sub -0.22}{sup +0.34}. By using the known J/{psi} production cross section, the {chi}{sub c1} and {chi}{sub c2} production cross sections are calculated to be {sigma}({chi}{sub c1})=(153{+-}27) nb/nucleon and {sigma}({chi}{sub c2})=(207{+-}39) nb/nucleon, respectively. All results were obtained under the assumption that both the J/{psi} and {chi}{sub c} states are produced without polarization. In addition a study of possible deviations of R{sub {chi}{sub c}} and R{sub 12} due to the polarization of J/{psi} and {chi}{sub c} was performed. By varying the polarization parameter, {lambda}{sub obs}, of all produced J/{psi} by 2{sigma} around the value measured by HERA-B, and assuming fully

Tunneling spectroscopy of heavily underdoped crystals of Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+{delta}}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ozyuzer, L.; Zasadzinski, J. F.; Miyakawa, N.; Kendziora, C.; Jian, S.; Hinks, D. G.; Gray, K. E.

2000-02-17

Crystals of Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+{delta}} with optimal {Tc} = 95 K have been underdoped using two different methods and the superconducting gaps have been obtained by tunneling. In some cases, three different tunneling geometries have been utilized: point contact, STM and break junctions. The first doping method involves control of the oxygen content by annealing in various partial pressures of oxygen. These crystals exhibit a narrow spread of gap values over a wide doping range from overdoped ({Tc} = 56 K) to underdoped with {Tc} = 70 K. However, for underdoped crystals with {Tc} midpoints in the range 25 K--63 K, there is a dramatic increase in the spread of gap values which may signal the development of static phase separation of either chemical or electronic origin. To avoid possible chemical phase separation, the authors have explored another doping procedure which incorporates Dy substitution on the Ca site. These crystals exhibit a relatively narrow superconducting transition width and some preliminary tunneling spectra will be presented.

Electron-collision excitation cross section of the silver atom

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krasavin, A.Y.; Kuchenev, A.N.; Smirnov, Y.M.

1983-01-01

The cross sections for direct excitation by electron collision were measured for fifteen transitions of the silver atom. For thirteen of these transitions the optical excitation functions were recorded, varying the energy of the exciting electrons from the threshold energy to 250 eV. The operating region of the spectrum was 2000--5500 A. The excitation cross sections of the two principal lines exceeded the excitation cross sections of all the remaining lines by more than an order of magnitude. Reabsorption of the resonance lines was detected from the change in the ratio of intensities of the lines at 3280.68 and 3382.89 A, and so their intensity has been corrected relative to the intensities of the nonreabsorbed lines. All radiative transitions, with the exception of resonance transitions, participate in cascade population of the lowest resonance levels, making it possible to determine the resulting direct excitation cross sections of the 5p 2 P/sub 1/2/ and 5p 2 P/sub 3/2/ levels from the ground state of the silver atom. The part played by cascade population of the resonance levels is not large and is 2 P/sub 3/2/ level, and 10% for the 5p 2 P/sub 1/2/ level, of the excitation cross sections of the corresponding resonance transitions

Separation of anthropogenic CO{sub 2} in the North Atlantic - methodological developments and measurements; Separation von anthropogenem CO{sub 2} im Nordatlantik - Methodische Entwicklungen und Messungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Friis, K.

2001-07-01

The foci for this thesis were: (1) the development of a fully automated pH-system, and (2) the identification of anthropogenic CO{sub 2} in the subpolar North Atlantic based on measurements using this system. A spectrophotometric pH-system for discrete sea water sample analysis was developed. For the detection of the temporal increase in anthropogenic CO{sub 2}, the statistical method of Wallace (1995) was tested for its applicability in the subpolar gyre. The original method is based on a comparison of historical and recent data sets. For one of the data sets a predictive equation for C{sub T} is derived by multiple linear regression (MLR) based on several independent chemical and hydrographic parameters. The difference between a C{sub T} value measured at a later or earlier time with the C{sub T} value predicted using the MLR-equation can potentially give a measure of the anthropogenic CO{sub 2}-increase between the two sampling periods, independent of hydrographic or biologically-mediated changes within the water column.

Use of a Prototype Airborne Separation Assurance System for Resolving Near-Term Conflicts During Autonomous Aircraft Operations

Science.gov (United States)

Barhydt, Richard; Eischeid, Todd M.; Palmer, Michael T.; Wing, David J.

2003-01-01

NASA is currently investigating a new concept of operations for the National Airspace System, designed to improve capacity while maintaining or improving current levels of safety. This concept, known as Distributed Air/Ground Traffic Management (DAGTM), allows appropriately equipped autonomous aircraft to maneuver freely for flight optimization while resolving conflicts with other traffic and staying out of special use airspace and hazardous weather. In order to perform these tasks, pilots use prototype conflict detection, prevention, and resolution tools, collectively known as an Airborne Separation Assurance System (ASAS). While ASAS would normally allow pilots to resolve conflicts before they become hazardous, evaluation of system performance in sudden, near-term conflicts is needed in order to determine concept feasibility. An experiment was conducted in NASA Langley's Air Traffic Operations Lab to evaluate the prototype ASAS for enabling pilots to resolve near-term conflicts and examine possible operational effects associated with the use of lower separation minimums. Sixteen commercial airline pilots flew a total of 32 traffic scenarios that required them to use prototype ASAS tools to resolve close range pop-up conflicts. Required separation standards were set at either 3 or 5 NM lateral spacing, with 1000 ft vertical separation being used for both cases. Reducing the lateral separation from 5 to 3 NM did not appear to increase operational risk, as indicated by the proximity to the intruder aircraft. Pilots performed better when they followed tactical guidance cues provided by ASAS than when they didn't follow the guidance. In an effort to improve compliance rate, ASAS design changes are currently under consideration. Further studies will of evaluate these design changes and consider integration issues between ASAS and existing Airborne Collision Avoidance Systems (ACAS).

Isolation and Characterization of Chinese Standard Fulvic Acid Sub-fractions Separated from Forest Soil by Stepwise Elution with Pyrophosphate Buffer

Science.gov (United States)

Bai, Yingchen; Wu, Fengchang; Xing, Baoshan; Meng, Wei; Shi, Guolan; Ma, Yan; Giesy, John P.

2015-01-01

XAD-8 adsorption technique coupled with stepwise elution using pyrophosphate buffers with initial pH values of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 13 was developed to isolate Chinese standard fulvic acid (FA) and then separated the FA into five sub-fractions: FApH3, FApH5, FApH7, FApH9 and FApH13, respectively. Mass percentages of FApH3-FApH13 decreased from 42% to 2.5%, and the recovery ratios ranged from 99.0% to 99.5%. Earlier eluting sub-fractions contained greater proportions of carboxylic groups with greater polarity and molecular mass, and later eluting sub-fractions had greater phenolic and aliphatic content. Protein-like components, as well as amorphous and crystalline poly(methylene)-containing components were enriched using neutral and basic buffers. Three main mechanisms likely affect stepwise elution of humic components from XAD-8 resin with pyrophosphate buffers including: 1) the carboxylic-rich sub-fractions are deprotonated at lower pH values and eluted earlier, while phenolic-rich sub-fractions are deprotonated at greater pH values and eluted later. 2) protein or protein-like components can be desorbed and eluted by use of stepwise elution as progressively greater pH values exceed their isoelectric points. 3) size exclusion affects elution of FA sub-fractions. Successful isolation of FA sub-fractions will benefit exploration of the origin, structure, evolution and the investigation of interactions with environmental contaminants. PMID:25735451

Nanostructured Ti-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu{sub 2}O heterojunction photoelectrode for efficient hydrogen production

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sharma, Dipika; Upadhyay, Sumant; Verma, Anuradha [Department of Chemistry, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra-282 110 India (India); Satsangi, Vibha R. [Department of Physics Computer Sciences, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra-282 110 India (India); Shrivastav, Rohit [Department of Chemistry, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra-282 110 India (India); Dass, Sahab, E-mail: drsahabdas@gmail.com [Department of Chemistry, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra-282 110 India (India)

2015-01-01

Nanostructured thin films of pristine Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Ti-doped Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Cu{sub 2}O, and Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu{sub 2}O, and Ti-doped Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu{sub 2}O heterojunction were deposited on tin-doped indium oxide (Sn:In{sub 2}O{sub 3}) glass substrate using spray pyrolysis method. Ti doping is done to improve photoelectric conversion efficiency and electrical conductivity of hematite thin films. Further enhanced photocurrent is achieved for Ti-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu{sub 2}O heterojunction electrodes. All samples were characterized using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and UV-Vis spectrometry. Photoelectrochemical properties were also investigated in a three-electrode cell system. UV-Vis absorption spectrum for pristine Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Ti-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Cu{sub 2}O, Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu{sub 2}O, and Ti-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu{sub 2}O heterojunction thin films exhibited absorption in visible region. Nanostructured thin films as prepared were used as photoelectrode in the photoelectrochemical cell for water splitting reaction. Maximum photocurrent density of 2.60 mA/cm{sup 2} at 0.95 V/SCE was exhibited by 454 nm thick Ti-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu{sub 2}O heterojunction photoelectrode. Increased photocurrent density and enhanced incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency, offered by the heterojunction thin films may be attributed to improved conductivity and efficient separation of the photogenerated charge carriers at the Ti-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu{sub 2}O interface. - Highlights: • Heterojunction thin films were deposited using spray pyrolysis techniques. • Titanium doping in Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} played a significant role in PEC response. • Ti-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu{sub 2}O heterojunction shows the absorption in visible range. • Improved charge separation and enhanced PEC response were achieved in Ti-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu{sub 2}O.

Synthesis and characterization of polycrystalline brownmillerite cobalt doped Ca{sub 2}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 5}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dhankhar, Suchita; Baskar, K.; Singh, Shubra, E-mail: shubra6@gmail.com [Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai-600 025 (India); Bhalerao, Gopal [UGC-DAE CSR Kalpakkam node, Kalpakkam-603104 (India)

2016-05-23

Brownmillerite compounds with general formula A{sub 2}BB’O{sub 5} (BB’ = Mn, Al, Fe, Co) have attracted attention in wide range of applications such as in solid oxide fuel cell, oxygen separation membrane and photocatalysis. Brownmillerite compounds have unique structure with alternate layers of BO{sub 6} octahedral layers and BO{sub 4} tetrahedral layers. Presence of dopants like Co in place of Fe increases oxygen vacancies. In the present work we have synthesized polycrystalline Ca{sub 2}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 5} and Ca{sub 2}Fe{sub 1-x}Co{sub x}O{sub 5} (x = 0.01, 0.03) by citrate combustion route. The as prepared samples were characterized by XRD using PANalytical X’Pert System, DRS (Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy) and SEM (Scanning electron microscopy).

SOLAR-WIND ION-DRIVEN X-RAY EMISSION FROM COMETARY AND PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES: MEASUREMENTS AND THEORETICAL PREDICTIONS OF CHARGE-EXCHANGE CROSS-SECTIONS AND EMISSION SPECTRA FOR O{sup 6+} + H{sub 2}O, CO, CO{sub 2}, CH{sub 4}, N{sub 2}, NO, N{sub 2}O, AND Ar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Machacek, J. R. [Atomic and Molecular Physics Laboratory, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601 (Australia); Mahapatra, D. P. [Department of Physics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004 (India); Schultz, D. R. [Department of Physics, Univ. of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203 (United States); Ralchenko, Yu. [Atomic Spectroscopy Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8422 (United States); Moradmand, A.; El Ghazaly, M. O. A.; Chutjian, A. [Astrophysics and Space Sciences Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91109 (United States)

2015-08-10

Relevant to modeling and understanding X-ray emission from cometary and planetary atmospheres, total cross-sections for 1.17 and 2.33 keV/u O{sup 6+} colliding with H{sub 2}O, CO, CO{sub 2}, CH{sub 4}, N{sub 2}, NO, N{sub 2}O, and Ar have been measured for the processes of single, double, and triple charge exchanges. Using these measurements as benchmarks, synthetic emission spectra spanning the X-ray, UV, and visible range have been calculated based on theoretical treatment of the transfer of between one and six electrons from the target neutrals to the projectile ion, followed by radiative and non-radiative decay of the highly excited states produced in these collisions. The results help add to the base of knowledge required to simulate ion-neutral processes in astrophysical environments; refine the present understanding of these fundamental atomic processes; and guide future observations, laboratory measurements, and theoretical predictions.

Separation of arsenic species by capillary electrophoresis with sample-stacking techniques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Zu Liang; Naidu, Ravendra [Adelaide Laboratory, CSIRO Land and Water, PMB2, 5064, Glen Osmond, SA (Australia); Lin, Jin-Ming [Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, 100085, Beijing (China)

2003-03-01

A simple capillary zone electrophoresis procedure was developed for the separation of arsenic species (AsO{sub 2}{sup 2-}, AsO{sub 4}{sup 2-}, and dimethylarsinic acid, DMA). Both counter-electroosmotic and co-electroosmotic (EOF) modes were investigated for the separation of arsenic species with direct UV detection at 185 nm using 20 mmol L{sup -1} sodium phosphate as the electrolyte. The separation selectivity mainly depends on the separation modes and electrolyte pH. Inorganic anions (Cl{sup -}, NO{sub 2}{sup -}, NO{sub 3}{sup -} and SO{sub 4}{sup 2-}) presented in real samples did not interfere with arsenic speciation in either separation mode. To improve the detection limits, sample-stacking techniques, including large-volume sample stacking (LVSS) and field-amplified sample injection (FASI), were investigated for the preconcentration of As species in co-CZE mode. Less than 1 {mu}mol L{sup -1} of detection limits for As species were achieved using FASI. The proposed method was demonstrated for the separation and detection of As species in water. (orig.)

Preparation and crystal structure of SrCu/sub 2/Sb/sub 2/ and SrZnBi/sub 2/

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cordier, G; Eisenmann, B; Schaefer, H [Technische Hochschule Darmstadt (Germany, F.R.). Fachbereich Anorganische Chemie und Kernchemie

1976-10-01

SrCu/sub 2/Sb/sub 2/ and SrZnBi/sub 2/ have been prepared and analytically and structurally characterized. SrCu/sub 2/Sb/sub 2/ crystallizes tetragonal in the CaBe/sub 2/Ge/sub 2/ structure type. SrZnBi/sub 2/ has its own structure type. In both structures the transition metal atoms form with the semimetal atoms tetragonal pyramids, which are connected by common edges of the basis to twodimensional sheets. These sheets are separated in the case of SrCu/sub 2/Sb/sub 2/ by single sheets of strontium atoms, in the case of SrZnBi/sub 2/ by double sheets of strontium atoms in which fourfold nets of Bi atoms are located.

Experimental study of low-p/sub t/ hadron fragmentation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cutts, D.; Dulude, R.S.; Lanou, R.E. Jr.; Massimo, J.T.; Meunier, R.; Brenner, A.E.; Carey, D.C.; Elias, J.E.; Garbincius, P.H.

1979-01-01

We present high-statistics results on the reactions a + p → c + X where a and c can be any of π + , K +- , p, or p-bar. The data were taken at 100 and 175 GeV/c incident momenta using the Fermilab Single-Arm Spectrometer operated over the kinematic range 0.2 < x < 1.0 and p/sub t/ < or = 1.0 GeV/c. Investigating the x dependence of the data, we find agreement with a quark-parton picture, namely the cross sections have a power-law behavior in 1 - x independent of p/sub beam/ and p/sub t/

Development of High Throughput Salt Separation System with Integrated Liquid Salt Separation - Salt Distillation Assembly

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kwon, Sangwoon; Park, K. M.; Kim, J. G.; Jeong, J. H.; Lee, S. J.; Park, S. B.; Kim, S. S.

2013-01-15

The capacity of a salt distiller should be sufficiently large to reach the throughput of uranium electro-refining process. In this study, an assembly composing a liquid separation sieve and a distillation crucible was developed for the sequential operation of a liquid salt separation and a vacuum distillation in the same tower. The feasibility of the sequential salt separation was examined by the rotation test of the sieve-crucible assembly and sequential operation of a liquid salt separation and a vacuum distillation. The adhered salt in the uranium deposits was removed successfully. The salt content in the deposits was below 0.1 wt% after the sequential operation of the liquid salt separation - salt distillation. From the results of this study, it could be concluded that efficient salt separation can be realized by the sequential operation of liquid salt separation and vacuum distillation in one distillation tower since the operation procedures are simplified and no extra operation of cooling and reheating is necessary.

On controllability of an integrated bioreactor and periodically operated membrane separation process

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Prado Rubio, Oscar Andres; Jørgensen, Sten Bay; Jonsson, Gunnar Eigil

the influence of membrane fouling. Previously, the REED and fermentation processes have been modeled and investigated separately (Prado- Rubio et al., 2011a; Boonmee, 2003). Additionally, a simple quasi-sequential strategy for integrated process design and control structure development has been proposed (Prado...... to understand the controlled operation of the integrated process, it is convenient to use a model based approach supported by experimental evidence. Recently, an integrated bioreactor and electrically driven membrane separation process (Reverse Electro- Enhanced Dialysis - REED) has been proposed as a method...... at a certain lactate concentration level. Hence, productivity can be enhanced by the in situ lactate removal from the cultivation broth during pH controlled fermentation. This can be done by means of ion exchange membranes and electrical potential gradients. The novelty of the integrated process lies...

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of direct reforming catalysts Ln{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O{sub 3±d} (Ln = La, Nd, and Sm) for high temperature-operating solid oxide fuel cell

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Keunsoo [Department of Engine Research, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Daejeon 305-343 (Korea, Republic of); Jeong, Jihoon [Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (United States); Azad, Abul K. [Faculty of Integrated Technologies, University Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tunku Link, Gadong BE1410 (Brunei Darussalam); Jin, Sang Beom [Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125, Dongseo-Daero, Yusung-Gu, Daejeon 305-719 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Jung Hyun, E-mail: jhkim2011@hanbat.ac.kr [Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125, Dongseo-Daero, Yusung-Gu, Daejeon 305-719 (Korea, Republic of)

2016-03-01

Graphical abstract: Measured Ti 2p peaks and deconvolution peaks of Nd{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O{sub 3±d} under oxidizing condition (left) and NSTM under reducing condition (right). - Highlights: • Chemical states of Ln{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O{sub 3±d} (Ln: La, Nd and Sm) were analyzed. • Charge compensation occurred with the reduction of Mn and Ti. • The Nd substitution effect allowed some Ti to convert into a metallic behavioral component. • NSTM and SSTM had a large amount of lattice oxygen; however, LSTM retained a large quantity of adsorbed oxygen. - Abstract: Chemical states of lanthanide doped perovskite for direct reforming anode catalysts, Ln{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O{sub 3±d} (Ln = La, Nd, and Sm) have been studied by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) in order to determine the effects of various lanthanide substitution in complex perovskites for high temperature-operating solid oxide fuel cells (HT-SOFC). The charge state of lanthanide ions remained at 3+ and the binding energies of the lanthanide ions in Ln{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O{sub 3±d} were located in a relatively lower range compared to those of conventional lanthanide oxides. Mn and Ti were regarded as charge compensation components in Ln{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O{sub 3±d}; Mn was more influential than Ti. In the cases of substituting Nd and Sm into Ln{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O{sub 3±d}, some portion of Ti showed metallic behavior; the specific Mn satellite peak indicating an electro-catalytic effect had occurred. Three types of oxygen species comprised of lattice oxygen, carbonate species, and adsorbed oxygen species were observed in Ln{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O{sub 3±d} from the O 1s spectra; a high portion of lattice oxygen was observed in both Nd{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O{sub 3±d} (NSTM) and Sm{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}O{sub

Prospects for measuring the differential high p{sub T} b-jet cross section with the ATLAS detector

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grybel, Kai Karsten

2011-01-21

Currently, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Geneva accelerates protons up to an energy of 3.5 TeV resulting in collisions of a center-of-mass energy of {radical}(s)=7 TeV. To study the production of b-quarks in proton-proton collisions is part of the physics program of the ATLAS experiment, which is one of the experiments at the LHC. The b-quarks produced in the hard scattering of the protons are measured as jets in the ATLAS detector. The aim of this PhD thesis is to study prospects of a differential p{sub T} b-jet cross section measurement in the jet p{sub T} range of p{sub Tjet} > 30 GeV. This study is based on simulated Monte Carlo (MC) data assuming a center-of-mass energy of {radical}(s)=10 TeV. The trigger selection is based on a combination of single jet triggers considering the different prescale factors of the different jet triggers. The MC data samples contain signal b-jets and background jets from other QCD physics processes in the proton-proton collision. In order to identify the b-jets and to reject background jets, b-tagging algorithms based on the on average longer lifetime of particles containing a b-quark compared to other hadrons, which decay before reaching the detector, are used. Since the b-tagging performance is not uniform over the jet p{sub T} region considered, different b-tagging efficiency scenarios are studied. The jet p{sub T} independent b-tagging efficiency scenarios of {epsilon}{sub Tag}=0.5 and {epsilon}{sub Tag}=0.6 as well as an optimized b-tagging efficiency scenario in order to minimize the statistical uncertainty of the measurement in each jet p{sub T} bin are presented. An unfolding algorithm is applied to the measured b-jet spectrum in order to correct for detector effects due to the measuring process. The expected systematic uncertainties for different jet p{sub T} regions are studied and an estimate for the evolvement of the statistical uncertainties as a function of the integrated luminosity is given. Once an

SEPARATION OF TRANSURANIC ELEMENTS FROM RARE EARTH COMPOUNDS

Science.gov (United States)

Kohman, T.P.

1961-11-21

A process of separating neptunium and plutonium values from rare earths and alkaline earth fission products present on a solid mixed actinide carrier (Th or U(IV) oxalate or fluoride) --fission product carrier (LaF/sub 3/, CeF/sub 3/, SrF/sub 2/, CaF/sub 2/, YF/sub 3/, La oxalate, cerous oxalate, Sr oxalate, Ca oxalate or Y oxalate) by extraction of the actinides at elevated temperature with a solution of ammonium fluoride and/or ammonium oxalate is described. Separation of the fission-product-containing carriers from the actinide solution formed and precipitation of the neptunium and plutonium from the solution with mineral acid are also accomplished. (AEC)

Fixation and separation of the elements thorium and uranium using anion exchange resins in nitrate solution; Fixation et separation des elements thorium et uranium par les resines echangeuses d'anions en milieu nitrate

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Korgaonkar, V. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-10-01

The exchange of thorium and uranium between a strong base anion resin and a mixed water + ethanol solvent containing nitrate ions is studied. It is assumed that in the resin the thorium and uranium are fixed in the form of the complexes Th(NO{sub 3}){sub 6}{sup 2-} and UO{sub 2}(NO{sub 3}){sub 4}{sup 2-} in solution these elements are present in the form of complexes having the general formula: Th(NO{sub 3}){sub 6-n}{sup n-2} and UO{sub 2}(NO{sub 3}){sub 4-n}{sup n-2} It has been possible to deduce a law for the changes in the partition functions of thorium and uranium as a function of the concentrations of the various species in solution and of the complexing ion NO{sub 3}. From this has been deduced the optimum operational conditions for separating a mixture of these two elements. Finally, in these conditions, the influence of a few interfering ions has been studied: Ba, Bi, Ce, La, Mo, Pb, Zr. The method proposed can be used either as a preparation, or for the dosage of thorium by a quantitative separation. (author) [French] On etudie l'echange du thorium et de l'uranium entre une resine anion base forte et un solvant mixte eau + ethanol charge en ions nitrates. On a suppose que, dans la resine, le thorium et l'uranium sont fixes sous forme de complexes Th(NO{sub 3}){sub 6}{sup 2-} et UO{sub 2}(NO{sub 3}){sub 4}{sup 2-} en solution, ces elements sont engages dans des complexes de formule generale: Th(NO{sub 3}){sub 6-n}{sup n-2} and UO{sub 2}(NO{sub 3}){sub 4-n}{sup n-2} On a pu degager une loi de variation des coefficients de partage du thorium et de l'uranium en fonction des concentrations des diverses especes en solution et de l'anion complexant NO{sub 3}{sup -}. On en a deduit les conditions operatoires optimales necessaires pour separer les deux elements a partir de leurs melanges. Enfin, dans ces conditions, on a etudie l'influence de quelques elements genants: Ba, Bi, Ce, La, Mo, Pb, Zr. La methode preconisee peut etre

25 CFR 39.604 - Is there a separate weight for school board training at Bureau-operated schools?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Is there a separate weight for school board training at... INTERIOR EDUCATION THE INDIAN SCHOOL EQUALIZATION PROGRAM School Board Training Expenses § 39.604 Is there a separate weight for school board training at Bureau-operated schools? Yes. There is an ISEP weight...

Generation of L sub-shell photo-ionization cross-sections for elements 18Z92 at energies .320-115.606 keV (A computer program 'LSPICS')

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sharma, Ajay; Mittal, Raj

2005-01-01

L sub-shell photo-ionization cross-sections, σ Li , for elements 18Z92 at energies .320-115.606 keV have been generated from an empirical relation fitted to Scofield's L sub-shell photo-ionization cross-section values. The excitation energy E for an element is constrained by the condition that only L and higher shell vacancies are produced in the elements. The closeness of generated and existing values of Scofield's L sub-shell data recommends the use of generated values in the fields of atomic and molecular physics and for trace elemental analysis. For this purpose computer software 'LSPICS' has been developed. On personal computer LSPICS generates L sub-shell photo-ionization cross-section values in barns just by entering the atomic number of element and excitation photon energy in keV

Urenco`s experience of UF{sub 6} handling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saelmans, F. [Urenco Almelo (Netherlands); Scane, C. [Urenco Capenhurst (United Kingdom); Christofzik, J. [Urenco Gronau (Germany)

1991-12-31

Urenco operates enrichment plants at three sites, Almelo (Netherlands), Capenhurst (United Kingdom) and Gronau (Germany). Current installed separative work capacity is 2,500 tSWpa. Since 1971, when the first pilot plants were built, enrichment production has totalled 18,000 tSW. During this last 20 years over 3,500 48 containers of UF{sub 6} have been fed to the plants, over 3,700 30 containers have been filled with product and delivered successfully to Urenco`s customers worldwide and over 3,000 48 containers of depleted tails have been filled and have either been returned to customers or retained for long term storage on site. The paper gives a brief outline of Urenco`s experience in handling UF{sub 6}: the equipment and methods used in receiving, feeding, filling, blending, liquid sampling, storing, moving on site and despatching of UF{sub 6} containers. Some of the difficulties experienced with UF{sub 6} containers are appended.

Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of porous WO{sub 3}/TiO{sub 2} hollow microspheres

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yang, Liuyang [Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055 (China); Si, Zhichun, E-mail: emsztsinghua@126.com [Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055 (China); Weng, Duan [Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055 (China); State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Process, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Yao, Youwei [Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055 (China)

2014-09-15

Porous WO{sub 3}/TiO{sub 2} hollow microspheres were prepared by a spray drying method for photodegradation of methylene blue and phenol. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope, N{sub 2} adsorption–desorption measurements, Raman spectrometer, UV–Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy and Zeta-Meter measurements. The results showed that the tungsten oxides mainly existed in highly dispersed amorphous form on anatase when the loading amount of tungsten oxide was below 3 mol%. The improved photocatalytic activity under UV light irradiation of the WO{sub 3}/TiO{sub 2} catalyst mainly arises from the enhanced charge separation efficiency rather than the improved light absorbance by highly dispersed amorphous tungsten oxides. Highly dispersed amorphous WO{sub x} can form a shallowly trapped site due to its similar band structure with TiO{sub 2}. The strongly electron-withdrawing of tungsten oxide in highly dispersed state facilitates the electron transition between titanium and WO{sub x}, and consequently improves the charge separation. The enhanced acidity of catalyst by WO{sub x} in reactant environment also improved the charge separation efficiency due to the timely transition of holes and electrons accumulated on TiO{sub 2} and WO{sub x}, respectively. However, the improved photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation of the WO{sub 3}/TiO{sub 2} catalyst mainly arises from light harvest. TiO{sub 2} containing 3 mol% WO{sub 3} displayed the highest photocatalytic activity under UV light irradiation while that containing 4 mol% WO{sub 3} present highest activity under visible light irradiation.

Pulse height measurements and electron attachment in drift chambers operated with Xe,CO{sub 2} mixtures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andronic, A. E-mail: a.andronic@gsi.de; Appelshaeuser, H.; Blume, C.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Bucher, D.; Busch, O.; Ramirez, A.C.A. Castillo; Catanescu, V.; Ciobanu, M.; Daues, H.; Devismes, A.; Emschermann, D.; Fateev, O.; Garabatos, C.; Herrmann, N.; Ivanov, M.; Mahmoud, T.; Peitzmann, T.; Petracek, V.; Petrovici, M.; Reygers, K.; Sann, H.; Santo, R.; Schicker, R.; Sedykh, S.; Shimansky, S.; Simon, R.S.; Smykov, L.; Soltveit, H.K.; Stachel, J.; Stelzer, H.; Tsiledakis, G.; Vulpescu, B.; Wessels, J.P.; Windelband, B.; Winkelmann, O.; Xu, C.; Zaudtke, O.; Zanevsky, Yu.; Yurevich, V

2003-02-11

We present pulse height measurements in drift chambers operated with Xe,CO{sub 2} gas mixtures. We investigate the attachment of primary electrons on oxygen and SF{sub 6} contaminants in the detection gas. The measurements are compared with simulations of properties of drifting electrons. We present two methods to check the gas quality: gas chromatography and {sup 55}Fe pulse height measurements using monitor detectors.

Novel, Ceramic Membrane System For Hydrogen Separation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Elangovan, S.

2012-12-31

Separation of hydrogen from coal gas represents one of the most promising ways to produce alternative sources of fuel. Ceramatec, teamed with CoorsTek and Sandia National Laboratories has developed materials technology for a pressure driven, high temperature proton-electron mixed conducting membrane system to remove hydrogen from the syngas. This system separates high purity hydrogen and isolates high pressure CO{sub 2} as the retentate, which is amenable to low cost capture and transport to storage sites. The team demonstrated a highly efficient, pressure-driven hydrogen separation membrane to generate high purity hydrogen from syngas using a novel ceramic-ceramic composite membrane. Recognizing the benefits and limitations of present membrane systems, the all-ceramic system has been developed to address the key technical challenges related to materials performance under actual operating conditions, while retaining the advantages of thermal and process compatibility offered by the ceramic membranes. The feasibility of the concept has already been demonstrated at Ceramatec. This project developed advanced materials composition for potential integration with water gas shift rectors to maximize the hydrogenproduction.

Sub-1min separation in sequential injection chromatography for determination of synthetic water-soluble dyes in pharmaceutical formulation.

Science.gov (United States)

Davletbaeva, Polina; Chocholouš, Petr; Bulatov, Andrey; Šatínský, Dalibor; Solich, Petr

2017-09-05

Sequential Injection Chromatography (SIC) evolved from fast and automated non-separation Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA) into chromatographic separation method for multi-element analysis. However, the speed of the measurement (sample throughput) is due to chromatography significantly reduced. In this paper, a sub-1min separation using medium polar cyano monolithic column (5mm×4.6mm) resulted in fast and green separation with sample throughput comparable with non-separation flow methods The separation of three synthetic water-soluble dyes (sunset yellow FCF, carmoisine and green S) was in a gradient elution mode (0.02% ammonium acetate, pH 6.7 - water) with flow rate of 3.0mLmin -1 corresponding with sample throughput of 30h -1 . Spectrophotometric detection wavelengths were set to 480, 516 and 630nm and 10Hz data collection rate. The performance of the separation was described and discussed (peak capacities 3.48-7.67, peak symmetries 1.72-1.84 and resolutions 1.42-1.88). The method was represented by validation parameters: LODs of 0.15-0.35mgL -1 , LOQs of 0.50-1.25mgL -1 , calibration ranges 0.50-150.00mgL -1 (r>0.998) and repeatability at 10.0mgL -1 of RSD≤0.98% (n=6). The method was used for determination of the dyes in "forest berries" colored pharmaceutical cough-cold formulation. The sample matrix - pharmaceuticals and excipients were not interfering with vis determination because of no retention in the separation column and colorless nature. The results proved the concept of fast and green chromatography approach using very short medium polar monolithic column in SIC. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Suppressed oxygen extraction and degradation of LiNi<sub>xMn_yCo_zO>2sub> cathodes at high charge cut-off voltages

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zheng, Jianming; Yan, Pengfei; Zhang, Jiandong; Engelhard, Mark H.; Zhu, Zihua; Polzin, Bryant J.; Trask, Steve; Xiao, Jie; Wang, Chongmin; Zhang, Jiguang

2017-09-01

The capacity degradation mechanism in lithium nickel–manganese–cobalt oxide (NMC) cathodes (LiNi<sub>1/3sub>Mn>1/3sub>Co>1/3sub>O>2sub> (NMC<sub>333sub>) and LiNi<sub>0.4sub>Mn>0.4sub>Co>0.2sub>O>2sub> (NMC<sub>442sub>)) during high-voltage (cut-off of 4.8 V) operation has been investigated. In contrast to NMC<sub>442sub>, NMC<sub>333sub> exhibits rapid structural changes including severe micro-crack formation and phase transformation from a layered to a disordered rock-salt structure, as well as interfacial degradation during high-voltage cycling, leading to a rapid increase of the electrode resistance and fast capacity decline. The fundamental reason behind the poor structural and interfacial stability of NMC<sub>333sub> was found to be correlated to its high Co content and the significant overlap between the Co^3+/4+ t<sub>2gsub> and O^2- 2p bands, resulting in oxygen removal and consequent structural changes at high voltages. In addition, oxidation of the electrolyte solvents by the extracted oxygen species generates acidic species, which then attack the electrode surface and form highly resistive LiF. These findings highlight that both the structural and interfacial stability should be taken into account when tailoring cathode materials for high voltage battery systems.

High-field magnetotransport in microstructures of the frustrated antiferromagnet Yb<sub>2sub>Pt>2sub>Pb