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Sample records for munk antonius lipsmeier

  1. Arnfried Antonius, coral diseases, and the AMLC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laurie L. Richardson

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available The study of coral diseases, coral pathogens, and the effects of diseases on tropical and subtropical coral reefs are all current, high-profile research areas. This interest has grown steadily since the first report of a coral disease in 1973. The author of this report was Arnfried Antonius and the publication was an abstract in the proceedings of a scientific meeting of the Association of Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean, or AMLC (then known as the Association of Island Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean. Since Antonius’ pioneering communication he continued working on coral diseases on reefs throughout the world, often documenting the first observation of a novel pathology in a novel location. Each of the coral diseases Antonius first described, in particular black band disease, is the subject of current and ongoing investigations addressing pathogens, etiology, and their effects on coral reefs. Many of the points and observations he made in his early papers are highly relevant to research today. This paper reviews aspects of Antonius’ early work, highlighting contributions he made that include the first in situ experimental studies aimed at discerning coral epizootiology and the first quantitative assessments of the role of environmental factors in coral disease. Antonius’ early findings are discussed in terms of relevant current controversies in this research areaEl estudio de las enfermedades de los corales, los patogenos de los corales y los efectos de estas enfermedades sobre los arrecifes tropicales y subtropicales son actualmente areas importantes de investigacion. El interés en este tema ha crecido continuamente desde el primer informe sobre una enfermedad de coral que se publico en 1973. El autor de este informe fue Arnfried Antonius y la publicacion fue un resumen en el Libro de Programa y Resumenes de la Decima Reunion de la Asociacion de Laboratorios Marinos Islenos del Caribe (conocida ahora como la Asociacion de

  2. Munk og Shakespeare

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Gemzøe, Anker

    2011-01-01

    Anker Gemzøes bidrag gælder Munks forhold til sit store forbillede, Shakespeare. Tre skuespil er genstand for analysen: En Idealist, Shakespeares Hamlet omsat af Kaj Munk og Cant. I hvert af disse dramaer bruger Munk en speciel strategi i forhold til sit litterære forlæg. Gemzøe ser i Herodes......-stykket ”et motivisk tag-selv-bord”, hvor forfatteren har benyttet sig meget frit af mange detaljer fra Shakespeares værker. Munks Hamlet-version omtales som ”døgnpolitiksuppe”, og ”aktualiseringsstrategien” i forhold til Shakespeare ses som en indskrænkning af originalens format til aktuel revyagtig satire...... med klare nazistiske sympatier. Gemzøe tager imidlertid særlig Cant under luppen. I en omhyggelig nærlæsning af teksten viser han at Shakespeare-inspirationen i dette stykke – det efter hans opfattelse mest shakespeareske af alle Munks dramaer – gælder både form og indhold. Han henviser bl.a. til King...

  3. Det Virtuelle Forskerværksted for Kaj Munk Studier

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sandborg-Petersen, Ulrik; Øhrstrøm, Peter

    2010-01-01

    Artiklen diskuterer design af tekstdatabase for Kaj Munks forfatterskab og et alment tilgængeligt website for dette forfatterskab.......Artiklen diskuterer design af tekstdatabase for Kaj Munks forfatterskab og et alment tilgængeligt website for dette forfatterskab....

  4. Kaj Munk 1898 - 1944

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Skov, Christian Houlberg

    2010-01-01

    Kaj Harald Leininger Munk var en dansk præst og dramatiker, der spillede en stor rolle i mellemkrigstidens scenekunst. Som politisk skribent blev han under 2. verdenskrig et vigtigt symbol på den nationale modstand mod både den tyske besættelse og samarbejdspolitikken....

  5. A letter of Marcus Antonius Kappus to Eusebius Franciscus Kino (Sonora in 1690

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tomaž Nabergoj

    1998-12-01

    Full Text Available The life and work of the Slovene Jesuit, Marcus Antonius Kappus (1657 -1717 who, three centuries ago, worked as a missionary in Sonora, north-west Mexico, has, in recent years, been the subject of several short studies in Slovenia. In this journal, Professor Janez Stanonik has, so far, published five letters which Kappus sent home to his relatives and friends, and one letter which he sent to hi s friend in Vienna, as well as a study on the collection of poems (276 chronograms in Latin, which Kappus published in Mexico City, in 1708, entitled IHS. Enthusiasmus sive solemnes ludi poetici. Prompted by the above publications, the author of this paper spent a month in Sonora while journeying in Mexico in 1991. In Archivo General de la Nación (the general Mexican archives in Mexico City, he happened to find another letter written by Marcus Antonius Kappus.

  6. [Colon adenoma detection using Kubelka-Munk spectral function of DNA and protein bands].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wei, Hua-Jiang; Guo, Zhou-Yi; Xie, Shu-Sen; He, Bo-Hua; Li, Li-Bo; Chen, Xue-Mei; Wu, Guo-Yong; Lu, Jian-Jun

    2009-06-01

    Differential diagnosis of human colon adenoma was studied using the Kubelka-Munk spectral function of the DNA and protein absorption bands at 260 and 280 nm in vitro. Diffuse reflectance spectra of tissue were measured using a spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere attachment. The results of measurement showed that for the spectral range from 590 to 1 064 nm pathological changes of colon epithelial tissues were induced so that there were significant differences in the averaged values of the Kubelka-Munk function f(r infinity) and logarithmic Kubelka-Munk function log [f(r infinity)] of the DNA absorption bands at 260 nm between normal and adenomatous colon epithelial tissues, and the differences were 218% (p function f(r infinity) and logarithmic Kubelka-Munk function log [f(r infinity)] of the protein absorption bands at 280 nm between normal and adenomatous colon epithelial tissues, and the differences were 208% (p function f(r infinity) and logarithmic Kubelka-Munk function log [f(r infinity)] of the beta-carotene absorption bands at 480 nm between normal and adenomatous colon epithelial tissues, and the differences were 41.7% (p < 0.05) and 32.9% (p < 0.05) respectively. Obviously, pathological changes of colon epithelial tissues were induced so that there were significant changes in the contents of the DNA, protein and beta-carotene of colon epithelial tissues. The conclusion can be applied to rapid, low-cost and noninvasive optical biopsy of colon adenoma, and provides a useful reference.

  7. Eksistensiale verstaan van die Ou Testament: Die teologiese arbeid van Antonius HJ Gunneweg

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P. B. Boshoff

    1987-01-01

    Full Text Available Existential understanding of the Old Testament: The theological work of Antonius HJ Gunneweg Gunneweg applies Bultmann's concept of existential understanding to the Old Testament. Existential interpretation means that the text must be laid out in terms of the possibilities of the human existence. The author shows how Gunneweg worked it out under the following headings: Israel; The beginning; Moses; One kingdom or two kingdoms; Paul; Sola scriptura instead of salvation history; Word. The result is that Gunneweg comes to a unique understanding of the relationship between the Old and New Testaments.

  8. Kubelka-Munk reflectance theory applied to porcelain veneer systems using a colorimeter.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Davis, B K; Johnston, W M; Saba, R F

    1994-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the ability of Kubelka-Munk reflectance theory to predict color parameters of veneer porcelain on various backings using colorimetric measurements. Tristimulus absorption and scattering coefficients were used to predict the respective tristimulus reflectance values of A1, D3, and translucent porcelain samples after they had been bonded to light and dark substrates using universal, opaque, and untinted shades of bonding resin. Observed and predicted reflectance values exhibited high correlation (r2 > or = 0.93 for each porcelain shade). Kubelka-Munk theory offers an accurate prediction for the resultant colorimetric reflectance parameters of veneer porcelain bonded to variously colored backings.

  9. Letters of Marcus Antonius Kappus from colonial America IV

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Janez Stanonik

    1989-12-01

    Full Text Available The letter of Marcus Antonius Kappus which we publish in our present the fourth - continuation of his letters from Colonial America, is not preserved - as the first three letters are - in a manuscript. Instead we find it published in the famous contemporary collection of Jesuitic letters which appeared from 1728 till 1758 under the editorship of Joseph Stöcklein and his successors in Augsburg and Graz under the title Der neue Welt-Bott mit Allerhand Nachrichten derer Missionariorum Soc. Jesu. Kappus' letter can be found in vol. I, part II, p. 86-88 under the number 56. It has never since 1728 been reprinted in German, neither has it ever been published in an English translation. Our reprint of the German text is justified because Stöcklein's collection is generally not available even in the largest libraries, especially in America. An English translation can be useful because of the difficulties the old form of its German with its localisms can cause to its readers.

  10. [Gastric cancer detection using kubelka-Munk spectral function of DNA and protein absorption bands].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Lan-quan; Wei, Hua-jiang; Guo, Zhou-yi; Yang, Hong-qin; Xie, Shu-sen; Chen, Xue-mei; Li, Li-bo; He, Bol-hua; Wu, Guo-yong; Lu, Jian-jun

    2009-09-01

    Differential diagnosis for epithelial tissues of normal human gastric, undifferentiation gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric squamous cell carcinomas, and poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma were studied using the Kubelka-Munk spectral function of the DNA and protein absorption bands at 260 and 280 nm in vitro. Diffuse reflectance spectra of tissue were measured using a spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere attachment. The results of measurement showed that for the spectral range from 250 to 650 nm, pathological changes of gastric epithelial tissues induced that there were significant differences in the averaged value of the Kubelka-Munk function f(r infinity) and logarithmic Kubelka-Munk function log[f(r infinity)] of the DNA absorption bands at 260 nm between epithelial tissues of normal human stomach and human undifferentiation gastric cancer, between epithelial tissues of normal human stomach and human gastric squamous cell carcinomas, and between epithelial tissues of normal human stomach and human poorly differentiated cancer. Their differences were 68.5% (p function f(r infinity) and logarithmic Kubelka-Munk function log[f(r infinity)] of the protein absorption bands at 280 nm between epithelial tissues of normal human stomach and human undifferentiation gastric cancer, between epithelial tissues of normal human stomach and human gastric squamous cell carcinomas, and between epithelial tissues of normal human stomach and human poorly differentiated cancer. Their differences were 86.8% (p function f(r infinity) and logarithmic Kubelka-Munk function log[f(r infinity)] of the carotene absorption bands at 480 nm between epithelial tissues of normal human stomach and human undifferentiation gastric cancer, between epithelial tissues of normal human stomach and human gastric squamous cell carcinomas, and between epithelial tissues of normal human stomach and human poorly differentiated cancer. Their differences were 59.5% (p < 0.05), 73% (p < 0

  11. Colorant modelling for on-line paper coloring: Evaluations of models and an extension to Kubelka-Munk model

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shakespeare, Tarja Tuulikki

    Traditionally, single constant Kubelka-Munk type colorant formulation algorithms have been used for color control in the paper industry. Tuning data is derived from colored handsheets representing dyeing of a particular color grade, applicable to a substrate of similar properties. Due to furnish variation and changes in the chemical environment, such tuning data is of limited accuracy in practice. Kubelka-Munk approaches have numerous other limitations, in part due to their physically unrealistic assumptions. In particular, they neglect fluorescence phenomena, the interdependence of absorption and scattering, and nonlinearities due to colorant interactions. This thesis addresses those problems. A set of colored handsheets was made, employing several anionic direct dyes and fluorescent colorants, individually and in various combinations. Both a spectrophotometer and a spectrofluorimeter were used for measuring color properties. An extended Langmuir adsorption isotherm was used in modelling the dye-on- fiber in each dyeing. Kubelka-Munk absorption and scattering coefficients were then modelled based on dye- on-fiber, and a number of the limitations of the Kubelka- Munk approach were clearly demonstrated. An extended phenomenological model was derived, incorporating fluorescence and interdependence of absorption and scattering. This model predicts illuminator-independent radiance transfer factors based on dye-on-fiber, from which total radiance factor responses under arbitrary illumination can be computed. It requires spectrofluorometric measurements to characterize the coloring process. A new reflectance factor model, based on the same adsorption isotherm approach, was derived for non- fluorescent colorants. A corresponding total radiance factor model, which is illuminator-dependent, was derived for fluorescent colorants. These models have provision for phenomena such as broadening of absorption and scattering bands, which are encountered in practice. Being based on

  12. Antonius Balthazar Raymundus Hirsch and the peregrination of "gasserian ganglion".

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sonig, Ashish; Thakur, Jai; Grass, Monica; Khan, Imad Saeed; Gandhi, Viraj; Nanda, Anil

    2013-09-01

    The anatomical description of the fifth cranial nerve ganglion lacked detail before the work of Antonius Balthazar Raymundus Hirsch (1744-1778). Hirsch used new dissection techniques that resulted in the most meticulous report of the trigeminal ganglion (the gasserian ganglion) to have been reported. In 1765, the 21-year-old published these findings in a thesis, Paris Quinti Nervorum Encephali Disquisitio Anatomica In Quantum Ad Ganglion Sibi Proprium, Semilunare, Et Ad Originem Nervi Intercostalis Pertinet [An anatomical inquiry of the fifth pair of the nerves of the brain, so far as it relates to the ganglion unto itself, the semilunar, and to the source of the intercostal nerve]. Hirsch wrote his thesis as a paean to his ailing teacher, Johann Lorenz Gasser, but Gasser died before Hirsch was able to defend his thesis. Thereafter, Hirsch applied to teach anatomy at his alma mater, the University of Vienna, but the university did not consider his application, deeming him too young for the position. Oddly, Hirsch died at the young age of 35. For the present paper, the library at the University of Vienna (Universität Wien), Austria, was contacted, and Anton Hirsch's thesis was digitized and subsequently translated from Latin into English. The authors here attempt to place the recognition of the fifth cranial nerve ganglion within a historical perspective and trace the trajectory of its anatomical descriptions.

  13. Annotated text databases in the context of the Kaj Munk corpus

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sandborg-Petersen, Ulrik

    procedure described in Part I can be brought to bear on the task of making Kaj Munk’s works available electronically to the general public. I do so by describing how I have implemented a “Munk Browser” desktop application. Chapter 13 discusses ways in which the EMdF model and the MQL query language can...... language can be extended to support the requirements of the problem of storing and retrieving annotated text even better. Finally, Chapter 15 concludes the dissertation. Appendix A gives the grammar for the subset of the MQL query language which closely resembles Doedens’s QL. Seven already-published...

  14. Extending generalized Kubelka-Munk to three-dimensional radiative transfer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sandoval, Christopher; Kim, Arnold D

    2015-08-10

    The generalized Kubelka-Munk (gKM) approximation is a linear transformation of the double spherical harmonics of order one (DP1) approximation of the radiative transfer equation. Here, we extend the gKM approximation to study problems in three-dimensional radiative transfer. In particular, we derive the gKM approximation for the problem of collimated beam propagation and scattering in a plane-parallel slab composed of a uniform absorbing and scattering medium. The result is an 8×8 system of partial differential equations that is much easier to solve than the radiative transfer equation. We compare the solutions of the gKM approximation with Monte Carlo simulations of the radiative transfer equation to identify the range of validity for this approximation. We find that the gKM approximation is accurate for isotropic scattering media that are sufficiently thick and much less accurate for anisotropic, forward-peaked scattering media.

  15. Discovery of the Linear Region of Near Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectra Using the Kubelka-Munk Theory

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shengyun Dai

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Particle size is of great importance for the quantitative model of the NIR diffuse reflectance. In this paper, the effect of sample particle size on the measurement of harpagoside in Radix Scrophulariae powder by near infrared diffuse (NIR reflectance spectroscopy was explored. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC was employed as a reference method to construct the quantitative particle size model. Several spectral preprocessing methods were compared, and particle size models obtained by different preprocessing methods for establishing the partial least-squares (PLS models of harpagoside. Data showed that the particle size distribution of 125–150 μm for Radix Scrophulariae exhibited the best prediction ability with Rpre2 = 0.9513, RMSEP = 0.1029 mg·g−1, and RPD = 4.78. For the hybrid granularity calibration model, the particle size distribution of 90–180 μm exhibited the best prediction ability with Rpre2 = 0.8919, RMSEP = 0.1632 mg·g−1, and RPD = 3.09. Furthermore, the Kubelka-Munk theory was used to relate the absorption coefficient k (concentration-dependent and scatter coefficient s (particle size-dependent. The scatter coefficient s was calculated based on the Kubelka-Munk theory to study the changes of s after being mathematically preprocessed. A linear relationship was observed between k/s and absorption A within a certain range and the value for k/s was >4. According to this relationship, the model was more accurately constructed with the particle size distribution of 90–180 μm when s was kept constant or in a small linear region. This region provided a good reference for the linear modeling of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. To establish a diffuse reflectance NIR model, further accurate assessment should be obtained in advance for a precise linear model.

  16. Relationship between the Kubelka-Munk scattering and radiative transfer coefficients.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thennadil, Suresh N

    2008-07-01

    The relationship between the Kubelka-Munk (K-M) and the transport scattering coefficient is obtained through a semi-empirical approach. This approach gives the same result as that given by Gate [Appl. Opt.13, 236 (1974)] when the incident beam is diffuse. This result and those given by Star et al. [Phys. Med. Biol.33, 437 (1988)] and Brinkworth [Appl. Opt.11, 1434 (1972)] are compared with the exact solution of the radiative transfer equation over a large range of optical properties. It is found that the latter expressions, which include an absorption component, do not give accurate results over the range considered. Using the semi-empirical approach, the relationship between the K-M and the transport scattering coefficient is derived for the case where the incident light is collimated. It is shown that although the K-M equation is derived based on diffuse incident light, it can also represent very well the reflectance from a slab of infinite thickness when the incident light is collimated. However, in this case the relationship between the coefficients has to include a function that is dependent on the anisotropy factor. Analysis indicates that the K-M transform achieves the objective of obtaining a measure that gives the ratio of absorption to scattering effects for both diffuse and collimated incident beams over a large range of optical properties.

  17. Utilización de la teoría de Kubelka-Munk para optimizar el reciclado de residuos crudos de gres porcelánico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mestre, S.

    2002-08-01

    Full Text Available The porcelain tile manufacturing process gives rise to waste sludges, whose disposal entails environmental problems. A possible solution is reuse in the manufacturing process, though this leads to a change of colour in the resulting fired product. The present study describes the use of the Kubelka-Munk theory for predicting the fired colour of the final mixture. This procedure could greatly optimise recycling, since it enables producing a material with chromatic characteristics practically identical to those of the reference tile, so that the sludge can be recycled without altering the production programme.

    El proceso de fabricación del gres porcelánico genera unos fangos residuales, cuyo vertido presenta problemas de caracter medioambiental. Una posible solución es reintroducir dichos fangos en el proceso productivo, aunque ello conlleva la modificación del color en cocido del producto al que se incorpora. En este trabajo se describe la utilización de la teoría de Kubelka- Munk para predecir el color en cocido de la mezcla final, procedimiento que puede optimizar en gran medida el reciclado, ya que permite obtener un material con unas características cromáticas prácticamente idénticas a las de un modelo de baldosa de referencia, de modo que el reciclado de los fangos se pueda llevar a cabo sin que implique alteraciones en el programa de producción.

  18. Color matching of fabric blends: hybrid Kubelka-Munk + artificial neural network based method

    Science.gov (United States)

    Furferi, Rocco; Governi, Lapo; Volpe, Yary

    2016-11-01

    Color matching of fabric blends is a key issue for the textile industry, mainly due to the rising need to create high-quality products for the fashion market. The process of mixing together differently colored fibers to match a desired color is usually performed by using some historical recipes, skillfully managed by company colorists. More often than desired, the first attempt in creating a blend is not satisfactory, thus requiring the experts to spend efforts in changing the recipe with a trial-and-error process. To confront this issue, a number of computer-based methods have been proposed in the last decades, roughly classified into theoretical and artificial neural network (ANN)-based approaches. Inspired by the above literature, the present paper provides a method for accurate estimation of spectrophotometric response of a textile blend composed of differently colored fibers made of different materials. In particular, the performance of the Kubelka-Munk (K-M) theory is enhanced by introducing an artificial intelligence approach to determine a more consistent value of the nonlinear function relationship between the blend and its components. Therefore, a hybrid K-M+ANN-based method capable of modeling the color mixing mechanism is devised to predict the reflectance values of a blend.

  19. Reconciling past changes in Earth's rotation with 20th century global sea-level rise: Resolving Munk's enigma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mitrovica, Jerry X; Hay, Carling C; Morrow, Eric; Kopp, Robert E; Dumberry, Mathieu; Stanley, Sabine

    2015-12-01

    In 2002, Munk defined an important enigma of 20th century global mean sea-level (GMSL) rise that has yet to be resolved. First, he listed three canonical observations related to Earth's rotation [(i) the slowing of Earth's rotation rate over the last three millennia inferred from ancient eclipse observations, and changes in the (ii) amplitude and (iii) orientation of Earth's rotation vector over the last century estimated from geodetic and astronomic measurements] and argued that they could all be fit by a model of ongoing glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) associated with the last ice age. Second, he demonstrated that prevailing estimates of the 20th century GMSL rise (~1.5 to 2.0 mm/year), after correction for the maximum signal from ocean thermal expansion, implied mass flux from ice sheets and glaciers at a level that would grossly misfit the residual GIA-corrected observations of Earth's rotation. We demonstrate that the combination of lower estimates of the 20th century GMSL rise (up to 1990) improved modeling of the GIA process and that the correction of the eclipse record for a signal due to angular momentum exchange between the fluid outer core and the mantle reconciles all three Earth rotation observations. This resolution adds confidence to recent estimates of individual contributions to 20th century sea-level change and to projections of GMSL rise to the end of the 21st century based on them.

  20. Tõnismäel on alati paiknenud linnasüdamele lähim eeslinn / Robert Nerman

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Nerman, Robert, 1946-2015

    2008-01-01

    Tallinna Tõnismäe piirkonna asustusajaloost. Antoniuse kabelist. 1670. aastal Hariduse ja Tõnismäe tänava vahele ehitatud puidust Kaarli kirikust. Friedheimi suvemõisast. Arhitekt Otto Pius Hippiuse projekti järgi ehitatud uuest Kaarli kirikust

  1. Kannatusaltar / Michel Sittow, Adriaen Isenbrandt

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Sittow, Michel (?1469-1525)

    2004-01-01

    Tallinna Niguliste kirikule kuulunud flaami päritolu Kannatusaltar ehk Antoniuse altar muudeti Tallinna esimese superintendandi Heinrich Bocki epitaafiks. Kesktahvli stseenile on 1550-ndatel lisatud Heinrich Bocki (suri 1549) ja epitaafi tellija Tallinna mündimeistri Urban Dehni portreefiguurid

  2. Morian and Merian : word and image : a painting used in teaching the Catechism in the Keila Church (1669) / Aivar Põldvee

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Põldvee, Aivar, 1962-

    2013-01-01

    Keila kiriku maalist "Jakobi unenägu", mis on hukkunud õpetaja Eberhard Moriani mälestuspilt ja mida kasutas õppevahendina praost Antonius Heidrich oma katekismusetundides. Maali aluseks arvatavasti Matthäus Merian vanema (1593-1650) gravüürid

  3. Hjertet og kærligheden

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ehrensvärd, Martin Gustaf

    2009-01-01

    Sufierne er, på en måde, islams munke og nonner, bortset fra at de ikke er munke og nonner (cølibatet er ikke almindeligt brugt i sufismen). Men de tilhører samme del af deres religion, som buddhistmunke og -nonner, hindu-sannyaser og kristne munke og nonner gør - den del af religionen, der ikke ...... mystica/ illumination/ det uskabte lys/ tawhid/ ain/ rigpa/ moksha) ikke er forskel på dem og gud. Artiklen er en introduktion til sufiernes religiøse praksis....

  4. Disease: H00696 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available H00696 Haim-Munk syndrome; Prepubertal periodontitis (PPP) Haim-Munk syndrome is a... rare autosomal recessive disorder of keratinization characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and marked periodontitis... acroosteolysis. Prepubertal periodontitis (PPP) is a rare and rapidly progressiv

  5. Modulation of atrial fibrillation

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Geuzebroek, G.S.C.

    2013-01-01

    In this thesis we investigate the results of various surgical procedures for atrial fibrillation which have been performed in the last 2 decades in the Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands. In the 1990s the classical Maze III procedure was the main surgical technique for

  6. Tartu sisustuskevad / Kadi Lehtmets

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Lehtmets, Kadi

    2008-01-01

    "Deko" esindajad Anu Kaelussoo juhatusel tutvusid Tartu sisustus- ja kunstikauplustega. Püha Antoniuse Gildi meistrikodadest, Epp Mardi ja Tuuli Vahesaare kauplusest "Friida ja Lonni", kauplustest "Ruum", "Abakhan", "Saurus Antiik", "Kunst ja Käsitöö", ateljee- kauplusest "Põnev Pritsimaja", Tuvikese kunstikauplusest, Mustvalgest salongist, Elitaar kunstisalongist jm

  7. Näitused

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    1998-01-01

    Rahvusraamatukogu - Eesti Vabariigi 80. aastapäevale pühendatud näitused, Kristjan Raua majamuuseum - Tiina Käeseli ehtenäitus "Traat tõmbab", Niguliste kiriku Antoniuse kabel - Sally Stuudio näitus "Vapp kohtub vapiga Nigulistes", Tervishoiumuuseum - ungari kunstniku Gyula Madarasz'i akvarellinäitus

  8. Nyt forskningscenter skal granske privatlivet

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Munck Petersen, Trine

    2017-01-01

    Trine Munk Petersen interviewer Peter Thule Kristenensen og Mette Birkedal Bruun om det nye grundforskningscenter Centre for Privacy Studies, som KADK er en del af......Trine Munk Petersen interviewer Peter Thule Kristenensen og Mette Birkedal Bruun om det nye grundforskningscenter Centre for Privacy Studies, som KADK er en del af...

  9. Arthropod fauna of the United Arab Emirates: Order Hymenoptera, family Figitidae

    Science.gov (United States)

    No thorough documentation of the figitid fauna has ever been undertaken for the whole of the Arabian Peninsula. To this end, presented here is a list of species documented from the fieldwork of Antonius van Harten and colleagues, as well as a key and diagnoses for all genera of Figitidae in the Uni...

  10. Die teologiese arbeid van Antonius HJ Gunneweg

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    En dis 'n klein treetjie van klagte na aanklag en na protes teen die gode, die heersers wat die mens vernietig deur hom oor sy ware lewe te bedrieg. Die ideologie eis dan ook dienooreenkomstig die bevryding en emansipasie van die mens van die gode en van God (1983: 118—119). Volgens die Jahwis is dit die slang wat, ...

  11. Cicerone e l’oratore tinctus litteris (de orat. 2,85: questioni testuali e stilistiche

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francesca Boldrer

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available L’espressione metaforica sit enim mihi tinctus litteris usata da Antonio nel dialogo de oratore (2,85 a proposito di un suo possibile allievo di oratoria, viene generalmente intesa come esortativa, ma Antonio disdegnava gli studi teorici e culturali, basando invece la sua scuola sulla pratica forense. Sembra perciò opportuna una interpretazione diversa di sit e dei seguenti congiuntivi in senso concessivo (“ammettiamo che io abbia un allievo impregnato di letteratura”, cui si contrappone nella proposizione successiva l’annuncio da parte di Antonio del suo metodo pratico (fut. temptabo. Inoltre il nesso tinctus litteris è stato oggetto di varie interpretazioni riduttive nel senso di una media o scarsa cultura: più probabilmente indica invece una cultura profonda, corrispondente al diffuso ma prosaico sinonimo imbutus litteris. Il termine tinctus sembra alludere inoltre a Lucrezio, poeta (valorizzato da Cicerone che utilizza spesso tingo, ed implica una metafora cromatica positiva e raffinata. In sintesi l’oratore tinctus litteris, poco apprezzato da Antonio ma comunque accolto nella sua scuola, sembra il ritratto di Cicerone da giovane, che in effetti era stato un suo allievo letterato ed impegnato per tutta la vita a nobilitare l’oratoria sul piano stilistico più dei suoi maestri.    The metaphorical expression sit enim mihi tinctus litteris used by Antonius in the de oratore dialogue (2,85 about one of his aspiring students, is generally understood as an exhortation, although Antonius disdained theoretical and cultural studies, preferring to base his school on forensic practice instead. Sit therefore requires a different interpretation, one that steers the subjunctive mood into its concessive sense (“let’s admit that I have a student steeped in literature”, which is offset by the next sentence where Antonius announces his practical method (temptabo. Moreover, various interpretations of the collocation tinctus litteris

  12. Niguliste kirikul uus orel, Jaani kirikus algab vana taastamine / Tiiu Pikkur

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Pikkur, Tiiu, 1947-

    2005-01-01

    Orelimeister Ago Tint lõpetas 9. saj lõpul Gustav Terkmanni ehitatud oreli (asus kuni 2005. a. alguseni Teatri- ja Muusikamuuseumis) restaureerimise ja orel paigutati Tallinna Niguliste kiriku Püha Antoniuse kabelisse. Sõlmiti Tallinna Jaani kiriku oreli restaureerimise ja uue oreli hankimise leping (töö teostab Saksamaa oreliehitusfirma Martin Ter Haseborg). Mõlema ettevõtmise eestvedajaks on orelikunstnik Andres Uibo

  13. Content, Context & Connectivity Persuasive Interplay

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sørensen, Christian Grund

    2013-01-01

    -supported research project under EACEA). In the development of this project several categories of content have been implemented in technology enhanced learning tools. These have been designed to support learning in different contexts and eventually the role of the connectivity of these learning objects and tools......The aim of this paper is to discuss the relationship between content, context and connectivity and suggesting a model of Dynamic Interplay. This is done in relation to a specific learning environment concerning cultural mediation, in casu the Kaj Munk Case of the EuroPLOT-project (an EU...... is discussed. Focus is here on The Kaj Munk Study Edition, The Conceptual Pond, Immersive Layers Design, and Generative Learning Objects (GLOs) which are applications affiliated with the Munk case. This paper explores the persuasive potential of the interplay between the different applications for the benefit...

  14. Catalogue of Danish Alysiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, with the description of two new species of Aspilota Foerster, 1863

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Javier Peris-Felipo

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available In the present study, a total of 153 species of Alysiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae from Denmark are catalogued. Two species are described as new for science: Aspilota leptoarticulata Munk & Peris-Felipo sp. nov. and A. grandis Munk & Peris-Felipo sp. nov. Additionally, 38 alysiine species are recorded for the first time for the Danish fauna. A faunistic list with distribution data and host records is provided.

  15. From Geocaching to Mobile Persuasive Learning

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Gram-Hansen, Lasse Burri; Gram-Hansen, Sandra Burri; Øhrstrøm, Peter

    This paper presents some of the initial steps taken towards digital mediation of the cultural heritage related to Danish author Kaj Munk and the impact these steps have had on the ongoing research on persuasive learning.......This paper presents some of the initial steps taken towards digital mediation of the cultural heritage related to Danish author Kaj Munk and the impact these steps have had on the ongoing research on persuasive learning....

  16. A versenyképesség aktuális kérdései a pénzügyekben - Összefoglaló a pénzügyi kutatócsoport munkájáról = Current issues of competitiveness - Summary on the work of the Finance research team

    OpenAIRE

    Juhász, Péter

    2012-01-01

    A pénzügy kutatócsoport a TÁMOP-4.2.1.B-09/1/KMR-2010-0005 azonosítójú projektjében igen szerteágazó elemzési munkát végzett. Rámutattunk, hogy a különböző szintű gazdasági szereplők megnövekedett tőkeáttétele egyértelműen a rendszerkockázat növekedéséhez vezet, hiszen nő az egyes szereplők csődjének valószínűsége. Ha a tőkeáttételt eltérő mértékben és ütemben korlátozzák az egyes szektorokban, országokban akkor a korlátozást később bevezető szereplők egyértelműen versenyelőnyhöz jutnak. ...

  17. Padre Pio - stigmatiseret præst

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hvidt, Niels Christian

    2010-01-01

    Verden er fuld af spændende beretninger om mænd og kvinder, der menes at have særlig kontakt til det guddommelige. Teolog Niels Christian Hvidt beretter om helgendyrkelsen af en af disse, den navnkundige italienske munk: Padre Pio.......Verden er fuld af spændende beretninger om mænd og kvinder, der menes at have særlig kontakt til det guddommelige. Teolog Niels Christian Hvidt beretter om helgendyrkelsen af en af disse, den navnkundige italienske munk: Padre Pio....

  18. Determination of optical band gap of powder-form nanomaterials with improved accuracy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ahsan, Ragib; Khan, Md. Ziaur Rahman; Basith, Mohammed Abdul

    2017-10-01

    Accurate determination of a material's optical band gap lies in the precise measurement of its absorption coefficients, either from its absorbance via the Beer-Lambert law or diffuse reflectance spectrum via the Kubelka-Munk function. Absorption coefficients of powder-form nanomaterials calculated from absorbance spectrum do not match those calculated from diffuse reflectance spectrum, implying the inaccuracy of the traditional optical band gap measurement method for such samples. We have modified the Beer-Lambert law and the Kubelka-Munk function with proper approximations for powder-form nanomaterials. Applying the modified method for powder-form nanomaterial samples, both absorbance and diffuse reflectance spectra yield exactly the same absorption coefficients and therefore accurately determine the optical band gap.

  19. Gotovnost nomer odin / Eteri Kekelidze

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kekelidze, Eteri, 1944-

    2003-01-01

    17.-23. apr. gastroleerib Vene Draamateatris Moskva Noorsooteater - A. Thehhovi "Ivanov ja teised", lavastaja H. Janovskaja ; show-paroodia "Good-bye, America!!!", lavastaja H. Janovskaja ; K. Ginkase Tshehhovi tõlgendus "Must munk"

  20. Vene tippteater nädalaks Eestis / Neeme Korv

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Korv, Neeme, 1974-

    2003-01-01

    17.-23. apr. gastroleerib Vene Draamateatris Moskva Noorsooteater - A. Thehhovi "Ivanov ja teised", lavastaja H. Janovskaja ; show-paroodia "Good-bye, America!!!", lavastaja H. Janovskaja ; K. Ginkase Tshehhovi tõlgendus "Must munk"

  1. Genrietta Janovskaja i jejo aktjorõ / Eteri Kekelidze

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kekelidze, Eteri, 1944-

    2003-01-01

    17.-23. apr. gastroleerib Vene Draamateatris Moskva Noorsooteater - A. Thehhovi "Ivanov ja teised", lavastaja H. Janovskaja ; show-paroodia "Good-bye, America!!!", lavastaja H. Janovskaja ; K. Ginkase Tshehhovi tõlgendus "Must munk"

  2. V poiskahh smõsla zhizni : 2 x Tshehhov i Marshak / Boris Tuch

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Tuch, Boris, 1946-

    2003-01-01

    17.-23. apr. gastroleerib Vene Draamateatris Moskva Noorsooteater - A. Thehhovi "Ivanov ja teised", lavastaja H. Janovskaja ; show-paroodia "Good-bye, America!!!", lavastaja H. Janovskaja ; K. Ginkase Tshehhovi tõlgendus "Must munk"

  3. Calculation of Reflectance and Transmittance of Coating With Optically Rough Surfaces

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    El-Depsy, A.; Shawky, A.M.

    2011-01-01

    For ideal surfaces, components of the reflected beam are related to the components of the incident beam by Fresnel reflection equation. The surfaces encountered in engineering applications deviate from ideal as a result of roughness, oxidization and contamination; hence the Radiative properties of these real surfaces differ greatly from those predicted by electromagnetic theory. In regard to problems of radiative heat transfer; the roughness of surfaces may be divided into two categories: (1) small surface irregularities such that the incident radiation cannot undergo more than a single reflection, (2) deep cavities in which the incident radiation undergoes multi-reflection. The normally incident radiation from rough surface having small irregularities is reflected partly specularly and partly diffusely [1]. Kubelka-Munk theory (K-M) [2] describes optical characteristics (e.g. reflectance, transmittance and absorbance) by a variety of light scattering media including paints, textiles and papers, and It is widely used in various industrial applications. Moder developments in radiative transfer theory (RTT) enable the derivation of (K-M) parameters from first principles [3]. Kubelka and Munk proposed a theory based on a model of two light fluxes travelling in the forward and backward directions. Subsequently a number of authors refined the theory and compared it with experimental data [4]. Several authors attempted to relate the Kubelka- Munk coefficients to the transport coefficients [5,6

  4. Comparisons of some scattering theories with recent scatterometer measurements. [sea roughness radar model

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fung, A. K.; Dome, G.; Moore, R. K.

    1977-01-01

    The paper compares the predictions of two different types of sea scatter theories with recent scatterometer measurements which indicate the variations of the backscattering coefficient with polarization, incident angle, wind speed, and azimuth angle. Wright's theory (1968) differs from that of Chan and Fung (1977) in two major aspects: (1) Wright uses Phillips' sea spectrum (1966) while Chan and Fung use that of Mitsuyasu and Honda, and (2) Wright uses a modified slick sea slope distribution by Cox and Munk (1954) while Chan and Fung use the slick sea slope distribution of Cox and Munk defined with respect to the plane perpendicular to the look direction. Satisfactory agreements between theory and experimental data are obtained when Chan and Fung's model is used to explain the wind and azimuthal dependence of the scattering coefficient.

  5. Povorot ljubimoi mõsli, ili Zhenshtshina na trone

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2003-01-01

    Moskva Noorsooteatri lavastused : A. Thehhovi "Ivanov ja teised", lavastaja H. Janovskaja ; show-paroodia "Good-bye, America!" S. Marshaki luuletuse "Mister Twister" ainetel, lavastaja H. Janovskaja ; K. Ginkase Tshehhovi tõlgendus "Must munk". Venemaa ajakirjanduse põhjal

  6. Canonical sound speed profile for the central Bay of Bengal

    Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

    Murty, T.V.R.; PrasannaKumar, S.; Somayajulu, Y.K.; Sastry, J.S.; De Figueiredo, R.J.P.

    Following Munk's canonical theory, an algorithm has been presented for computing sound channel parameters in the western and southern Bay of Bengal. The estimated canonical sound speed profile using these parameters has been compared with computed...

  7. Kak "Tshjornõi monahh" s "Ivanovõm" podruzhilsja / Nikolai Hrustaljov

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Hrustaljov, Nikolai

    2003-01-01

    17.-23. apr. gastroleerib Vene Draamateatris Moskva Noorsooteater - A. Thehhovi "Ivanov ja teised", lavastaja H. Janovskaja ; show-paroodia "Good-bye, America!" S. Marshaki luuletuse "Mister Twister" ainetel, lavastaja H. Janovskaja ; K. Ginkase Tshehhovi tõlgendus "Must munk"

  8. Moskva teater toob kuulsa "Musta munga" / Andres Laasik

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Laasik, Andres, 1960-2016

    2003-01-01

    17.-23. apr. gastroleerib Vene Draamateatris Moskva Noorsooteater - A. Thehhovi "Ivanov ja teised", lavastaja H. Janovskaja ; show-paroodia "Good-bye, America!" S. Marshaki luuletuse "Mister Twister" ainetel, lavastaja H. Janovskaja ; K. Ginkase Tshehhovi tõlgendus "Must munk"

  9. Influence of the Substrate Properties on the Offset Printing ink Colour Matching

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anne Blayo

    2003-07-01

    Full Text Available The printing industry has been using computerised ink colour matching for a long time. The problem of ink formulation is to match a given standard colour with only three or four inks from a basis of about twelve inks.This is generally achieved by calculations based on the well-known Kubelka-Munk turbid media theory, which gives excellent results in many industrial situations. However, some hypotheses are necessary to apply the Kubelka-Munk model and corrections to the measured reflectance are often required (Saunderson’s correction coefficients, for example.One limitation in the resolution of this method of formulation may arise from the fact that the characterisation of the basic inks is made on one standard substrate, which may differ a lot from the real printing substrate.The aim of this work is precisely to study the contribution of the substrate to the colour matching procedure. The properties of the substrate which intervene in the process are physical properties (thickness, absorbency… and optical properties (brightness and gloss. Five different papers were chosen to make the characterisations of the basic offset inks. The reflectance measurements were performed with spectrophotometer X-Rite with the D/0° geometry, specular excluded or included, coupled with a coloured matching software (X-Rite Inkmaster. A special emphasis was put on the influence on the calculation of the ink film thickness, estimated for the different substrates, and on the choice of the correction coefficients for the Kubelka-Munk theory.

  10. DVD "El monje" / Kalmer Saar

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Saar, Kalmer

    2005-01-01

    Õuduspõnevik 18. saj. elanud Matthew Gregory Lewise romaani "Munk" järgi : stsenaristid Luis Bunuel, Jean-Claude Carriere : režissöör Adonis Kyrou : peaosas Franco Nero : Prantsusmaa - Itaalia - Lääne-Saksamaa 1973

  11. Canonical sound speed profile and related ray acoustic parameters in the Bay of Bengal

    Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

    Murty, T.V.R.; Sadhuram, Y.; Rao, M.M.M.; Rao, B.P.; SuryaPrakash, S.; Chandramouli, P.; Murthy, K.S.R.; Prasad, K.V.S.R.

    Following Munk's canonical theory, canonical parameters (i.e., B the stratification scale and epsilon the perturbation coefficient) in adiabatic ocean are obtained using SOFAR channel parameters (i.e., C sound velocity at the channel axis, Z sub(1...

  12. Motivating the interest in Danish literature with Mobile Persuasive Learning

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Gram-Hansen, Sandra Burri; Kristensen, Karina Dyrby; Gram-Hansen, Lasse Burri

    2013-01-01

    This paper analyses and discusses the potential of Mobile Persuasive Learning (MPL) in relation to learning scenarios that involve complex and interdisciplinary learning material. A specific example of MPL is presented, which has been developed with the intent to motivate the interest of the life...... and works of Danish author and playwright Kaj Munk. A Persuasive Learning Design (PLD) is tried in a specific learning scenario that aims to introduce the history of Kaj Munk to students in lower secondary education in Vester Hassing in Northern Jutland. The methodological background for the chosen scenario...... is described and evaluation activities are presented and discussed and it is argued that while the topic is possibly too complex for the particular age group of students chosen, evaluation feedback and researcher observations point towards a significant potential in further developing MPL-designs in a school...

  13. Adalékok a gazdaságelméleti amortizáció tartalmának tisztázásához. Egy alternatív közelítés

    OpenAIRE

    Bélyácz, Iván

    2002-01-01

    A cikk a gazdaságelméleti amortizáció (economic depreciation) teoretikus gyökereit kutatja. A szerző - Tom Lee jövedelem- és értékméréssel foglalkozó munkáját alapul véve - Hicks széles körben ismert jövedelemkoncepcióit számszerű példák segítségével teszi szemléletessé. Lee munkája a jövedelem gazdaságelméleti modelljeinek bemutatásával szinte csak mellékesen foglalkozik az amortizáció kérdésével, modelljei azonban maradéktalanul alkalmasak a gazdaságelméleti amortizáció időbeli alakulásának...

  14. Net protectors defend the global commons | IDRC - International ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    2010-10-21

    Oct 21, 2010 ... Deep in the basement of the Munk Centre for International Studies, ... who heads the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School, .... along with further analysis, in a book to be published early next year by ...

  15. ORIGINAL ARTICLES

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    David A van Os J, Harvey t Foerster A, Fahy T. Insight and psychotic illness. Cross-sectional ... Hafner H, Riecher A, Maurer K, Loffler W, Munk-Jorgensen P. Stromgren E. How does gender influence age at first ... In: Bloom FE, Kupfer DJ, eds.

  16. Delivery of public services in ethnic minority states: Gender equality ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Delivery of public services in ethnic minority states: Gender equality and decentralization in Myanmar. In 2017, to sustain Myanmar's democratic transition, IDRC and Global Affairs Canada ... and staff from the University of Toronto's Munk School of Global Affairs (Asia ... Ideas from the global climate change hotspot research.

  17. New York Bight Study: Report 5, NY Bight Biological Review Program

    Science.gov (United States)

    1994-05-01

    final cap has been recolonized due to changes in granulome - tVy and stress from chronic burial. The procedure and information available for examining this...34 Linear oceanographic features: A focus for research on recruitment processes," Australian Journal of Ecology 15, 391-401. Kiorboe, T., Munk, P., Richardson

  18. Sound Propagation Considerations for a Deep-Ocean Acoustic Network

    Science.gov (United States)

    2009-12-01

    classic “ tea cup” surveillance volume for a bottom sensor. 27 Figure 18. TL of a 100-Hz, 3995-m source using a 4000-m Munk sound speed profile B...18. LTJG Pongaskorn Sommai, Royal Thai Navy Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California 19. ENS William Jenkins, USN Naval Postgraduate School

  19. International Symposium on Stratified Flows (4th) Held in Grenoble, France on June 29-July 2, 1994. Volume 3

    Science.gov (United States)

    1994-10-10

    support plant and animal life . The ocean is stably stratified, which acts to inhibit vertical mixing. Munk (1966) has show that a basin-averaged...fall int a range specified batwoexi L,., wid Lr.+Ad. For each individual profile which contains uiversions , r𔃽q.2 can be used to obtain the empirical

  20. The disintegration of the medieval church

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lausten, Martin Schwarz

    2016-01-01

    Gennem bispeudnævnelser og økonomisk politik havde kongerne fra begyndelsen af 1500-tallet søgt at beherske kirken. Christian II dikterede visse reformer, og mange frafaldne munke optrådte som de første evangeliske prædikanter. De var repræsentanter for en evangelisk bibelhumanisme. Kirken forsva...

  1. [Marcus Aurelius Antonius (121-180AD), philosopher and Roman emperor, and Galen's plague].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Muñoz-Sanz, Agustín

    2012-11-01

    The study of the aetiologies of diseases in Ancient Times is usually a speculative intellectual exercise. When some authors attribute a specific aetiology to an old disease, there is a great risk of committing a methodological error, known as presentism by the modern historiography. The authority of the investigator, more than the weight of the scientific truth, is usually the reason why the diagnosis has remained over the years. The great epidemic of the years 164-165AD and afterwards, could have been smallpox (haemorrhagic form). Claude Galen, the famous doctor, described the symptoms in several books of his great Opera Omnia. For this reason, it is currently known among the scholars as Galen's plague. The epidemic was described for the first time in Seleucia (Mesopotamia). Until now, the actual geographic origin is unknown. We propose here that the beginning might be the kingdom of the old Han dynasty (now the Chinese Popular Republic). The epidemic swept the Roman Empire, from the east to the west, and from the southern to the northern borders. An immediate consequence of the infection was a high morbidity and mortality. In this sense, Galen's epidemic was one of the many factors that caused the fall and destruction of the Roman Empire. On the other hand, there is a general agreement among historians, biographers and researchers that the philosopher emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (121-180AD was affected by the infection in the epidemic wave of 164-165AD. The death of Marcus Aurelius occurred on March 17 in the year 180AD, in Vindobonne, or perhaps Sirminium (near to Vienna). Many authors propose that the cause of the emperor's death was the same epidemic. We consider that it is not possible to demonstrate any of those speculative diagnoses. Finally, the epidemic of 189-190AD, that we have named of Commodus, was probably a different disease to the Galen's plague. There were several kinds of animals affected (anthropozoonoses). In this sense, this infection resembles more the previous Athens plague (430BC) or the epidemic of Justinian (552AD) than that of Galen's. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.

  2. Theories of Notation and Polar Motion I,

    Science.gov (United States)

    1980-12-01

    relative motions such as ocean currents and winds, as we shall do. For the consideration of such effects see (Munk and Macdonald, 1960, p. 123; Lambeck...n)e ,uite general and niot irestricted to a solid body. In Fact, we na~it also in toe Poi ncar model . The equation K 12-1:: no;s the exponencial

  3. Biometric Data Safeguarding Technologies Analysis and Best Practices

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-12-01

    Homomorphic Encryption 32 See P. Mihailescu, A. Munk and B. Tams , 2009, “The Fuzzy Vaults for Fingerprints...Singer, 2001, “On the Algorithmic Implementation of Multiclass Kernel-Based Vector Machines,” in Journal of Machine Learning Research 2: 265-292. DRDC...girth of security. The design of bipartite biotokens prevents cross matching, surreptitious key inversion (SKI), and blended substitution attacks. An

  4. Oceanography: 1998 Paris Meeting Abstracts: Coastal and Marginal Seas. Volume 11, Number 2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1998-01-01

    8217internal wave band’ (Garrett and Munk, 1972). The canonicity of this description holds especially for the spectral shape of the internal wave band...for the formation of the main nepheloid structures, especially the Surface Nepheloid Layer (SNL), about 100 m thick and linked to the thermocline...Millan (1), Joan Cleveland (2) - (1) Centra de investigacion Cientifica y Educacion , Superior de Ensenada, Apdo. MSP-45: Spatial Patterns of Plankter

  5. Lähme, naised / Tiina Kuuler

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kuuler, Tiina, 1969-

    2008-01-01

    Muusikasündmustest: Koit Toome laulab Jaak Joala lauldud laule 25. juulist 31. juulini Eesti kirikutes, "Smilers ETV Live" (kaastegev Üle-Eestilise Noorte Sümfooniaorkestri oktett) 25. juulil Elva laululaval, 27. juulil Keila laululaval ja 31. juulil Pärnu kõlakojas, rahvalauliku Virve Kösteri suvetuur "Mere pidu!" 30. juulil Sõru rannas, 31. juulil Haapsalu piiskopilinnuses, 1. aug. Pärnu vallikäärus ja 2. aug. Tartu Antoniuse õuel, kontsert "Muusa puudutus" 1. aug. Pärnus Ammende villas, festival "Viljandi Folk" 25.-27. juulini, "Airport Jam" 1. ja 2. aug. Kiltsi lennuväljal, "Klaaspärlimäng" Tartu Jaani kirikus 26. juulil, Mustpeade majas Tallinnas 27. juulil, "James Bondi gala" 1. aug. Põltsamaa lossi hoovis, "Ooper Tallinna raekojas" 25. juulil, Saaremaa ooperipäevad 25. juulil Kuressaare lossi ooperimajas, "Hoffmani lood" 26. juulil Kuressaare lossi ooperimajas, "Hullumisstseene kvaliteetooperitest" 27. juulil ja 3. aug. Pärnu vanalinna õues

  6. Herrens röst

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rösing, Lilian Munk

    2015-01-01

    Om språket är gränsen mellan djur och människor, vad innebär det när hundar talar? I filmen Upp pratar de animerade hundarna, men med sin husses röst. Lilian Munk Rösing ser filmen i sällskap av bland andra Jacques Lacan, Slavoj Žižek och Renata Salecl och finner en röst utan kropp, en kropp besj...

  7. Beer-Lambert-Law Parametric Model of Reflectance Spectra for Dyed Fabrics

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-06-06

    reflections from layered systems (i.e., scattering matrix formulations) [12,13,14], the Kubelka-Munk theory of diffuse reflectance (and formulations...mode. The Lambda 1050 incorporated a double beam, 150 mm integrating sphere housing a photomultiplier tube (PMT) detector for the UV-Vis (175 – 860 nm...of the combined system of dye and fabric. This relation follows from the Beer-Lambert law and formalism of the scattering- matrix [20]. In particular

  8. Kunstiakadeemia lõpetajate defilee / Harry Liivrand, Karin Paulus

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Liivrand, Harry, 1961-

    2007-01-01

    Tutvustatakse 2007. aastal Eesti Kunstiakadeemia lõpetanute töid: klaasikunstnik Kristi Ringkjobi klaasobjektide komplekt "Munk"; ehtekunstnik Raili Arbuse ehted; keraamik Ann Nurga savist "Lennukid"; klaasikunstnik Lauri Kimmi "Klaas ja kivi. Muundumine"; nahakunstnik Allan Põllu kollektsioon "Coffee and Cigars. Chocolate and Cognac"; sisearhitekt Ott Kanguri lamamis/kiiktool; arhitekt Rene Sauemägi visioon Admiraliteedi basseini äärsest tühermaast; Kristiina Uslari dekoratiivobjektid; arhitekt Sander Aasa projekt "Pakri saared. Kultuurmaastiku koloniseerimine"

  9. Influence of skin optical losses on configurational photoisomerization of bilirubin during phototherapy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pratesi, R.; Cecchi, G.

    1984-01-01

    Kubelka-Munk theory of radiation transfer in turbid media is applied to determine the influence of skin optical losses on the efficiency of phototherapy of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. By using a multilayer model of the skin and a rate equation analysis of bilirubin photoisomerization, the photon absorption rates of birilubin and of its configurational photoisomers and, in turn, the photoequilibrium concentrations and rise time are calculated for spectrally Gaussian light sources and fluorescent lamps used in phototherapy

  10. Dynamics of the east India coastal current. 1. Analytic solutions forced by interior Ekman pumping and local alongshore winds

    Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

    Shankar, D.; Mc; Han, W.; Shetye, S.R.

    and Computer Simulation, National Aerospace Laboratories Bangalore, India J.P. McCreary and W. Han Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Dania, Florida S. R. Shetye National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India Abstract. A... that compensates for southward Sverdrup transport in the interior ocean, as in the barotropic models of Stommel [1948] and Munk [1950]. SHANKAR ET AL' DYNAMICS OF THE EAST INDIA COASTAL CURRENT, 1 13,977 McCreary et al. [1993] suggested that forcing by both...

  11. A Wire Antenna Designed for Space Wave Radiation Over the Earth Using a Genetic Algorithm

    Science.gov (United States)

    1997-12-01

    algorithms. With the assistance of two Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) Ph.D. students, Dave Van Veldhuizen and Robert Marmelstein, the second of the...Laboratory, 1992, UCRL-MA-109338 Pt.I. 41. David A. Van Veldhuizen , Brian S. Sandlin, Robert E. Marmelstein, Gary B. Lamont, and Andrew J. Terzuoli...Dr. Ben Munk, Dr. Gerald Burke, and Dr. Ed Altshuler for their kind assistance and for answering my questions. Finally, I would like to thank Dave Van

  12. Contribuciones de la modelización al desarrollo de las competencias básicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manel Sol

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available For many years modelling activities have not been a common practice in the classroom despite having a wide recognition of their educational interest. Burkhardt i Pollack (2006 justify it by a lack of supporting materials and Antonius et al. (2007 indicate an insufficient guidance on teaching strategies. From this starting point some ideas are proposed to overcome these difficulties. The article is organized in three sections. In the first section shown relationship between modelling and curriculum. Moreover, the catalan curriculum is highlighted as it promotes mathematical projects, in the secondary education. In fact, project research (Projecte de recerca and Research work (Treball de recerca are two compulsory subjects in Catalonia which fit in with modelling activities. The second section, some activities are shown that can serve as an example to teachers. And also the teaching of skills in modelling activities. The last section shows the contributions of modelling activities to the development of basic competencies of current curriculum thus increasing their interest.

  13. Homogeneous internal wave turbulence driven by tidal flows

    Science.gov (United States)

    Le Reun, Thomas; Favier, Benjamin; Le Bars, Michael; Erc Fludyco Team

    2017-11-01

    We propose a novel investigation of the stability of strongly stratified planetary fluid layers undergoing periodic tidal distortion in the limit where rotational effects are negligible compared to buoyancy. With the help of a local model focusing on a small fluid area compared to the global layer, we find that periodic tidal distortion drives a parametric subharmonic resonance of internal. This instability saturates into an homogeneous internal wave turbulence pervading the whole fluid interior: the energy is injected in the unstable waves which then feed a succession of triadic resonances also generating small spatial scales. As the timescale separation between the forcing and Brunt-Väisälä is increased, the temporal spectrum of this turbulence displays a -2 power law reminiscent of the Garrett and Munk spectrum measured in the oceans (Garett & Munk 1979). Moreover, in this state consisting of a superposition of waves in weak non-linear interaction, the mixing efficiency is increased compared to classical, Kolmogorov-like stratified turbulence. This study is of wide interest in geophysical fluid dynamics ranging from oceanic turbulence and tidal heating in icy satellites to dynamo action in partially stratified planetary cores as it could be the case in the Earth. We acknowledge support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No. 681835-FLUDYCO-ERC-2015-CoG).

  14. Metamaterials critique and alternatives

    CERN Document Server

    Munk, Ben A

    2009-01-01

    A Convincing and Controversial Alternative Explanation of Metamaterials with a Negative Index of Refraction In a book that will generate both support and controversy, one of the world's foremost authorities on periodic structures addresses several of the current fashions in antenna design-most specifically, the popular subject of double negative metamaterials. Professor Munk provides a comprehensive theoretical electromagnetic investigation of the issues and concludes that many of the phenomena claimed by researchers may be impossible. While denying the existence of negative refractio

  15. Heat supply planning for the ecological housing community Munksøgård

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Karlsson, Kenneth Bernard; Petrovic, Stefan; Næraa, Rikke

    2016-01-01

    paper compares results from techno-economic energy system analysis, simple private-economic analysis and assessment of externalities related to the heat supply and discusses the differences in conclusions - is the economic optimal solution different from a system or private-economic point of view......? The techno-economic energy system analysis is done using TIMES-DTU model, which optimizes over all sectors in Denmark and all periods until 2050. The result from this model gives the least expensive solution from the overall system point of view. A spreadsheet model has been developed to do the private-economic...

  16. Heat supply planning for the ecological housing community Munksøgård

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Karlsson, Kenneth Bernard; Petrovic, Stefan; Næraa, Rikke

    2015-01-01

    paper compares results from techno-economic energy system analysis, simple private-economic analysis and assessment of externalities related to the heat supply and discusses the differences in conclusions - is the economic optimal solution different from a system or private-economic point of view......? The techno-economic energy system analysis is done using TIMES-DTU model, which optimizes over all sectors in Denmark and all periods until 2050. The result from this model gives the least expensive solution from the overall system point of view. A spreadsheet model has been developed to do the private-economic...

  17. Unsteady two-dimensional potential-flow model for thin variable geometry airfoils

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Gaunaa, Mac

    2010-01-01

    In the present work, analytical expressions for distributed and integral unsteady two-dimensional forces on a variable geometry airfoil undergoing arbitrary motion are derived under the assumption of incompressible, irrotational, inviscid flow. The airfoil is represented by its camber line...... in their equivalent state-space form, allowing for use of the present theory in problems employing the eigenvalue approach, such as stability analysis. The analytical expressions for the integral forces can be reduced to Munk's steady and Theodorsen's unsteady results for thin airfoils, and numerical evaluation shows...

  18. Parametric instability and wave turbulence driven by tidal excitation of internal waves

    Science.gov (United States)

    Le Reun, Thomas; Favier, Benjamin; Le Bars, Michael

    2018-04-01

    We investigate the stability of stratified fluid layers undergoing homogeneous and periodic tidal deformation. We first introduce a local model which allows to study velocity and buoyancy fluctuations in a Lagrangian domain periodically stretched and sheared by the tidal base flow. While keeping the key physical ingredients only, such a model is efficient to simulate planetary regimes where tidal amplitudes and dissipation are small. With this model, we prove that tidal flows are able to drive parametric subharmonic resonances of internal waves, in a way reminiscent of the elliptical instability in rotating fluids. The growth rates computed via Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) are in very good agreement with WKB analysis and Floquet theory. We also investigate the turbulence driven by this instability mechanism. With spatio-temporal analysis, we show that it is a weak internal wave turbulence occurring at small Froude and buoyancy Reynolds numbers. When the gap between the excitation and the Brunt-V\\"ais\\"al\\"a frequencies is increased, the frequency spectrum of this wave turbulence displays a -2 power law reminiscent of the high-frequency branch of the Garett and Munk spectrum (Garrett & Munk 1979) which has been measured in the oceans. In addition, we find that the mixing efficiency is altered compared to what is computed in the context of DNS of stratified turbulence excited at small Froude and large buoyancy Reynolds numbers and is consistent with a superposition of waves.

  19. Vulnerabilities and rights of migrant sex workers in Europe.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brussa, Licia; Munk, Veronica

    2010-10-01

    In recent years, Europe has witnessed a rise in the number of migrant sex workers, in part because of increased mobility for citizens of European Union member states. However, migrant sex workers find themselves in a highly vulnerable position in regard to having their rights respected and accessing HIV prevention services. In this article, based on a presentation at AIDS 2010, Licia Brussa and Veronica Munk outline the current situation of migrant sex workers in Europe and the steps that need to be taken to ensure that their rights are respected.

  20. Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Janika Kronberg, Rutt Hinrikus

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kronberg, Janika, 1963-

    2008-01-01

    Arvustus: Kareva, Doris. Lõige. Tallinn : Verb, 2007 ; Õnnepalu, Tõnu. Flandria päevik. Tallinn : Varrak, 2007 ; Mihkelson, Ene. Katkuhaud. Tallinn : Varrak, 2007 ; Vint, Toomas. Mäluauguga naine. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2007 ; Pervik, Aino. Suleline, Puhuja ja must munk. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2007 ; Mutt, Mihkel. Siseemigrant. Novellid Rui taevalike kommentaaridega. Tallinn : Fabian, 2007 ; Nõlvak, Valentine. Ellujääja mälestused. Tallinn : Varrak, 2007 ; Tungal, Leelo. Täisminevik. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2007 ; Kangro, Maarja. Tule mu koopasse, mateeria. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2007

  1. Application of Kubelka - Munk analysis to the study of translucency in fresh-cut tomato

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Lana, M.M.; Hogenkamp, M.; Koehorst, R.B.M.

    2006-01-01

    In order to assess the development of translucency in fresh-cut tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum cv. Belissimo) during refrigerated storage, two experiments were conducted. In the first one, tomato slices obtained from fruits at breaker and at red stage were stored at 5 ± 0.5 °C and monitored at

  2. Localised mixing and heterogeneity in the plankton food web in a frontal region of the Sargasso Sea

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Richardson, Katherine; Bendtsen, Joøgen; Christensen, Jens Tang

    2014-01-01

    the diatom communities at 10 m and > 100 m (in the deep chlorophyll maximum, DCM) than in other parts of the frontal region. Thorpe displacements supported the hypothesis of elevated mixing intensities around these stations, as did vertical mixing rates inferred from stratification and vertical current shear...... with the stratification (Brunt-V is l frequency), with the greatest fractions found below 75 m at the most weakly stratified stations. While this study cannot directly link these observations to eel larvae ecology, Munk et al. (2010; Proc R Soc B 277: 3593-3599) reported that eel larvae were most abundant at locations...

  3. A new approach for solving the three-dimensional steady Euler equations. I - General theory

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chang, S.-C.; Adamczyk, J. J.

    1986-01-01

    The present iterative procedure combines the Clebsch potentials and the Munk-Prim (1947) substitution principle with an extension of a semidirect Cauchy-Riemann solver to three dimensions, in order to solve steady, inviscid three-dimensional rotational flow problems in either subsonic or incompressible flow regimes. This solution procedure can be used, upon discretization, to obtain inviscid subsonic flow solutions in a 180-deg turning channel. In addition to accurately predicting the behavior of weak secondary flows, the algorithm can generate solutions for strong secondary flows and will yield acceptable flow solutions after only 10-20 outer loop iterations.

  4. UVB emitting LiSrBO3 phosphor for phototherapy lamp

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kunghatkar, R. G.; Hemne, P. S.; Dhoble, S. J.

    2018-05-01

    LiSrBO3 doped Gadolinium have been synthesized by sol gel technique. The formation of host was confirmed by XRD techniques. The incorporation of Gd3+ was confirmed by photoluminescence (PL) characterization. The UVB emission is observed at 316 nm when UV excited by 274 nm. The second order emission are also observed in PL emission spectra at 612 nm and 627 nm. Energy band gap is found to be 5.81 eV by using Kubelka - Munk function. The UVB emission at 316 nm of Gd3+ doped materials are used as phototherapy lamp phosphor.

  5. The influence of paint dispersion parameters on the spectral selectivity of black-pigmented coatings

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gunde, M.K.; Orel, Z.C. [National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana (Slovenia); Hutchins, M.G. [Oxford Brookes University, Oxford (United Kingdom). School of Engineering

    2003-10-31

    The optical properties of variously prepared black-pigmented solar absorbing paints were calculated in terms of their effective absorption and scattering abilities. The phenomenological two-parameter Kubelka-Munk effective medium theory was applied. Paints with the same composition were prepared for different degrees of pigment dispersion and characterized by the average size of pigment agglomerates present in the pigment/vehicle system. Prepared paints were applied to aluminium foil in two ways, by coil coating and by spraying. The size of coarse pigment particles and the paint application technique influence the spectral selectivity and thus determine the final performance of spectrally selective surfaces. (author)

  6. AFSC/RACE/SAP/Munk: Life history studies of Tanner crab, Chionoecetes bairdi, near Kodiak, Alaska.

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — From 1994 through 2012 Tanner crab were identified as premolt, held through a molt, and then measured to determine growth per molt.

  7. Stochastic Heterogeneity Mapping around a Mediterranean salt lens

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G. G. Buffett

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available We present the first application of Stochastic Heterogeneity Mapping based on the band-limited von Kármán function to a seismic reflection stack of a Mediterranean water eddy (meddy, a large salt lens of Mediterranean water. This process extracts two stochastic parameters directly from the reflectivity field of the seismic data: the Hurst number, which ranges from 0 to 1, and the correlation length (scale length. Lower Hurst numbers represent a richer range of high wavenumbers and correspond to a broader range of heterogeneity in reflection events. The Hurst number estimate for the top of the meddy (0.39 compares well with recent theoretical work, which required values between 0.25 and 0.5 to model internal wave surfaces in open ocean conditions based on simulating a Garrett-Munk spectrum (GM76 slope of −2. The scale lengths obtained do not fit as well to seismic reflection events as those used in other studies to model internal waves. We suggest two explanations for this discrepancy: (1 due to the fact that the stochastic parameters are derived from the reflectivity field rather than the impedance field the estimated scale lengths may be underestimated, as has been reported; and (2 because the meddy seismic image is a two-dimensional slice of a complex and dynamic three-dimensional object, the derived scale lengths are biased to the direction of flow. Nonetheless, varying stochastic parameters, which correspond to different spectral slopes in the Garrett-Munk spectrum (horizontal wavenumber spectrum, can provide an estimate of different internal wave scales from seismic data alone. We hence introduce Stochastic Heterogeneity Mapping as a novel tool in physical oceanography.

  8. Artificial semi-rigid tissue sensitized with natural pigments: Effect of photon radiations

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adnan Jaradat

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Background: A new approach for evaluating the optical penetration depth and testing its validity with Monte Carlo simulations and Kubelka-Munk theory is used for artificial semi-rigid tissue sensitized with natural pigments. Photodynamic therapy is a promising cancer treatment in which a photosensitizing drug concentrates in malignant cells and is activated by visible light at certain wavelength. Materials and Methods: Cheap artificial semi-rigid tissue incorporated with scattering and absorbing materials along with some other composites comparable to normal human tissue has been performed. The optical parameters as measured with different conditions and calculated with various techniques are investigated. Results: The probability of interaction of light with tissue is very high when exposed to light in presence of Cichorium pumilum and RBCs followed by photohemolysis or/and photodegradation. The optical penetration depth calculated by linear absorption coefficient ranges from 0.63 to 2.85 mm is found to be comparable to those calculated using Kubelka-Munk theory or Monte Carlo simulation (range from 0.78 to 2.42 mm. The ratio of absorption to the scattering is independent of thickness and decreases with increasing irradiation time. Moreover, the optical parameters as well as their ratios are in very good agreement in the two approaches of calculation. The values of absorption and scattering coefficients are independent of thickness. Furthermore, the average photon ranges in the samples containing no scattering and absorbing materials are about three times greater than those samples containing scattering materials. Conclusion: Our results suggest that light propagation with optical properties presented in this work could be applicable in diagnostic and therapeutic of the human biological tissue for photodynamic therapy.

  9. Self-organized Criticality Model for Ocean Internal Waves

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Gang; Hou Yijun; Lin Min; Qiao Fangli

    2009-01-01

    In this paper, we present a simple spring-block model for ocean internal waves based on the self-organized criticality (SOC). The oscillations of the water blocks in the model display power-law behavior with an exponent of -2 in the frequency domain, which is similar to the current and sea water temperature spectra in the actual ocean and the universal Garrett and Munk deep ocean internal wave model [Geophysical Fluid Dynamics 2 (1972) 225; J. Geophys. Res. 80 (1975) 291]. The influence of the ratio of the driving force to the spring coefficient to SOC behaviors in the model is also discussed. (general)

  10. Flavours – det smakar doft : Upplevelsen av mat och vin i kombination

    OpenAIRE

    Hult, Jonas; Lagnetoft, David; Nygren, Nadia

    2011-01-01

    Inledning: Den vetenskapliga förankringen om mat och vin i kombination är låg. Upplevelsenav en måltid involverar alla de mänskliga sinnena, vilket således har gjort den svår att mäta.Hur stor roll spelar egentligen grundsmakerna och krävs det ytterligare element för att lyfta enkombination av mat och vin till högre höjder?Bakgrund: Förutom smaklökarna på tungan som bildar den grundläggande uppfattningen avdet vi stoppar i munnen, är det främst munkänsla och flavours som bidrar till helheten ...

  11. Tailoring diffuse reflectance of inhomogeneous films containing microplatelets

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Slovick, Brian A., E-mail: brian.slovick@sri.com; Baker, John M.; Flom, Zachary; Krishnamurthy, Srini [Applied Optics Laboratory, SRI International, Menlo Park, California 94025 (United States)

    2015-10-05

    We develop an analytical model for calculating the diffuse reflectance of inhomogeneous films containing aligned microplatelets with diameters much greater than the wavelength. The scattering parameters are derived by modeling the platelets as one-dimensional thin films, and the overall diffuse reflectance of the slab is calculated using the Kubelka-Munk model. Our model predicts that reflection minima and maxima arising from coherent interference within the platelets are preserved in the diffuse reflectance of the disordered slab. Experimental validation of the model is provided by reflectance measurements (0.3–15 μm) of a solid aerosol film of aligned hexagonal boron nitride platelets.

  12. The usage of color invariance in SURF

    Science.gov (United States)

    Meng, Gang; Jiang, Zhiguo; Zhao, Danpei

    2009-10-01

    SURF (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) is a robust local invariant feature descriptor. However, SURF is mainly designed for gray images. In order to make use of the information provided by color (mainly RGB channels), this paper presents a novel colored local invariant feature descriptor, CISURF (Color Invariance based SURF). The proposed approach builds the descriptors in a color invariant space, which stems from Kubelka-Munk model and provides more valuable information than the gray space. Compared with the conventional SURF and SIFT descriptors, the experimental results show that descriptors created by CISURF is more robust to the circumstance changes such as the illumination direction, illumination intensity, and the viewpoints, and are more suitable for the deep space background objects.

  13. The efficiency of laser radiation absorption by hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin in the skin blood vessels

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Asimov, M.; Asimov, R.; Gisbrecht, A.

    1999-01-01

    The results of the investigation of the efficiency of light absorption by oxyhemoglobin (HbO 2 ) and deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) in cutaneous blood vessels in dependence on the radiation wavelength and the optical properties of the tissue is presented. Using the Kubelka - Munk optical model of the tissue the spectral dependence of the efficiency of laser interaction both on HbO 2 and Hb of blood vessels at different depths of the tissue layer are calculated. The obtained results show that for blood vessels located in tissue up to a depth of 2500 μm the efficiency of laser radiation absorption follows the shape of the Q -absorption bands of HbO 2 and Hb

  14. In-vivo remission spectroscopy on tattoos and topically applied photosensitizers in man

    Science.gov (United States)

    Koenig, Karsten; Beck, Gerd C.; Boehncke, Wolf-Henning; Kaufmann, Roland; Hibst, Raimund

    1994-02-01

    In-vivo remission spectra of the human skin in the spectral region of 400 nm to 800 nm were recorded using a xenon lamp as an excitation source, a fiberoptical sensor combined with a polychromator, and a multichannel analyzer. The remission of amateur tattoos before and after laser treatment (Q-switched Nd:YAG) was measured and the degree of blanching determined. It was found that the process of blanching proceeds partly reversible. In another study, the time-dependent remission of human skin after topical administration of the photosensitizer Methylene Blue was studied. The additional application of the ceratolytic agent urea promotes the penetration of the thiazine dye. The experimental data were analyzed by the Kubelka Munk theory.

  15. Optical spectroscopy of ancient paper and textiles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Missori, M.

    2016-01-01

    Ancient paper and textiles represent a striking example of optically inhomogenous materials whose optical responses are strongly governed by scattering effects. In order to recover the absorption coefficient from non-invasive and nondestructive reflectance measurements a specific approach based on Kubelka-Munk two-flux theory must be applied. In this way quantitative chemical information, such as chromophores concentration, can be obtained, as well as quantitative spectra of additional substances such as pigments or dyes. Results on a folio of the Codex on the Flight of Birds by Leonardo da Vinci and a linen cloth dated back to 1653 and called the Shroud of Arquata, a copy of the Shroud of Turin, will be presented.

  16. Excitation of anodized alumina films with a light source

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Aggerbeck, Martin; Canulescu, Stela; Rechendorff, K.

    Optical properties of anodized aluminium alloys were determined by optical diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of such films. Samples with different concentrations of dopants were excited with a white-light source combined with an integrating sphere for fast determination of diffuse reflectance....... The UV-VIS reflectance of Ti-doped anodized aluminium films was measured over the wavelength range of 200 nm to 900 nm. Titanium doped-anodized aluminium films with 5-15 wt% Ti were characterized. Changes in the diffuse light scattering of doped anodized aluminium films, and thus optical appearance......, with doping are discussed. Using the Kubelka-Munk model on the diffuse reflectance spectra of such films, the bandgap Eg of the oxide alloys can be determined....

  17. Deriving principal channel metrics from bank and long-profile geometry with the R package cmgo

    Science.gov (United States)

    Golly, Antonius; Turowski, Jens M.

    2017-09-01

    Landscape patterns result from landscape forming processes. This link can be exploited in geomorphological research by reversely analyzing the geometrical content of landscapes to develop or confirm theories of the underlying processes. Since rivers represent a dominant control on landscape formation, there is a particular interest in examining channel metrics in a quantitative and objective manner. For example, river cross-section geometry is required to model local flow hydraulics, which in turn determine erosion and thus channel dynamics. Similarly, channel geometry is crucial for engineering purposes, water resource management, and ecological restoration efforts. These applications require a framework to capture and derive the data. In this paper we present an open-source software tool that performs the calculation of several channel metrics (length, slope, width, bank retreat, knickpoints, etc.) in an objective and reproducible way based on principal bank geometry that can be measured in the field or in a GIS. Furthermore, the software provides a framework to integrate spatial features, for example the abundance of species or the occurrence of knickpoints. The program is available at https://github.com/AntoniusGolly/cmgo and is free to use, modify, and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 as published by the Free Software Foundation.

  18. Cardiovascular risk management in rheumatoid arthritis patients still suboptimal: the Implementation of Cardiovascular Risk Management in Rheumatoid Arthritis project.

    Science.gov (United States)

    van den Oever, Inge A M; Heslinga, Maaike; Griep, Ed N; Griep-Wentink, Hanneke R M; Schotsman, Rob; Cambach, Walter; Dijkmans, Ben A C; Smulders, Yvo M; Lems, Willem F; Boers, Maarten; Voskuyl, Alexandre E; Peters, Mike J L; van Schaardenburg, Dirkjan; Nurmohamed, Micheal T

    2017-09-01

    To assess the 10-year cardiovascular (CV) risk score and to identify treatment and undertreatment of CV risk factors in patients with established RA. Demographics, CV risk factors and prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) were assessed by questionnaire. To calculate the 10-year CV risk score according to the Dutch CV risk management guideline, systolic blood pressure was measured and cholesterol levels were determined from fasting blood samples. Patients were categorized into four groups: indication for treatment but not treated; inadequately treated, so not meeting goals (systolic blood pressure ⩽140 mmHg and/or low-density lipoprotein ⩽2.5 mmol/l); adequately treated; or no treatment necessary. A total of 720 consecutive RA patients were included, 375 from Reade and 345 from the Antonius Hospital. The mean age of patients was 59 years (s.d. 12) and 73% were female. Seventeen per cent of the patients had a low 10-year CV risk (management remains a major challenge and better awareness and management are urgently needed to reduce the high risk of CVD in the RA population. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

  19. Dyeing of white and indigo dyed cotton fabrics with Mimosa tenuiflora extract

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gökhan Erkan

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Mimosa tenuiflora extract has been used in food industry as an additive and in textile and leather industry as a colorant. Two types of fabrics, ready to be dyed white and indigo dyed fabrics, were dyed with M. tenuiflora extract. The fabrics were mordanted after dyeing with six different metal salts. Colorimetric evaluations of fabrics were carried out by spectrophotometer. Colour fastness to washing, rubbing and light were performed. Colour strength of fabrics was calculated from Kubelka–Munk formula. Highest vividness (C∗ values were obtained by Ni mordant. Moderate fastness values were observed. However poor wet rubbing fastness values were observed in the case of indigo dyed fabrics due to lack of good wet rubbing fastness of indigo itself.

  20. Design and calculation of low infrared transmittance and low emissivity coatings for heat radiative applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Guang-Hai; Zhang, Yue; Zhang, Da-Hai; Fan, Jin-Peng

    2012-02-01

    The infrared transmittance and emissivity of heat-insulating coatings pigmented with various structural particles were studied using Kubelka-Munk theory and Mie theory. The primary design purpose was to obtain the low transmittance and low emissivity coatings to reduce the heat transfer by thermal radiation for high-temperature applications. In the case of silica coating layers constituted with various structural titania particles (solid, hollow, and core-shell spherical), the dependence of transmittance and emissivity of the coating layer on the particle structure and the layer thickness was investigated and optimized. The results indicate that the coating pigmented with core-shell titania particles exhibits a lower infrared transmittance and a lower emissivity value than that with other structural particles and is suitable to radiative heat-insulating applications.

  1. Scattering, absorption and transmittance of experimental graphene dental nanocomposites

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pérez, María. M.; Salas, Marianne; Moldovan, Marionara; Dudea, Diana; Yebra, Ana; Ghinea, Razvan

    2017-08-01

    Optical properties of experimental graphene dental nanocomposites were studied. Spectral reflectance was measured and S and K coefficients as well as transmittance of samples were calculated using Kubelka-Munk's equations. The spectral behavior of S, K and T experimental graphene exhibited different trends compared with the commercial nanocomposites and they were statistically different. Experimental nanocomposites show higher scattering and lower transmittance when compared with commercial nanocomposite, probably, due to the shape, type and size of the filler. K for short wavelength of the pre-polymerized experimental nancomposites was very low. According to our results, hidroxypatite with graphene oxide used in dental nanocomposites needs to be improved to reproduce esthetic properties of natural dental tissues and to have potentially clinical applications.

  2. Matching the optical properties of direct esthetic dental restorative materials to those of human enamel and dentin

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ragain, James Carlton, Jr.

    One of the goals of the restorative dentist is to restore the appearance of the natural dentition. Clinical matching of teeth and restorative materials are seldom accurate and shade selection techniques are subjective. The first specific aim of this research was to characterize the optical absorption and scattering that occurs within enamel, dentin, and composite resin and compomer restorative materials and to relate those phenomena to translucency and color. The second aim was to evaluate small color differences among composite restorative materials which would be detectable by humans. The last aim was to lay the foundation for developing an improved model of specifying layers of dental restorative materials in order to match the translucency and color to those of human enamel. The Kubelka-Munk theory was validated for enamel, dentin, and the restorative materials. These tissues and materials were then characterized in terms of their color parameters. Tooth cores were also characterized in terms of color space parameters. Human subjects were evaluated for their abilities to discriminate small color differences in the dental composite resin materials. The following conclusions were derived from this study: (1) Kubelka-Munk theory accurately predicts the diffuse reflectance spectra of enamel, dentin, and the direct esthetic dental restorative materials studied. (2) Scattering and absorption coefficients of the dental tissues and esthetic restorative materials can be directly calculated from diffuse reflectance measurements of a uniformly thick slab of tissue/material using black and white backings and the appropriate refractive index. (3) For tooth cores, there is a positive correlation between L* and b* and a negative correlation between L* and a*. (4) The range of translucency parameters for the restorative materials studied does not match those of enamel and dentin. (5) None of the shades of the dental composite resin restorative materials studied fit into the

  3. Gombrowicz a polski film fabularny

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jacek Nowakowski

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available This article presents the influence that Witold Gombrowicz’s work has had on Polish cinema. It covers several generations of directors, for example, Andrzej Munk (born in the 1920s, Roman Polański and Jerzy Skolimowski (born in the 1930 as well as Agnieszka Holland, Piotr Szulkin and Marek Koterski (born in the 1940s and 1950s, and discusses the topic of film adaptations of his books (Jerzy Skolimowski’s Ferdydurke and Jan Jakub Kolski’s Pornografia [Pornography]. The article shows that Polish cinema uses Gombrowicz’s works most of all by taking up the issue of life’s authenticity and inauthenticity as well as to demythologize Polish tradition and history. As for esthetics, it employs Gombrowicz’s favorite style, i.e. the grotesque.

  4. Reflectance of Biological Turbid Tissues under Wide Area Illumination: Single Backward Scattering Approach

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guennadi Saiko

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Various scenarios of light propagation paths in turbid media (single backward scattering, multiple backward scattering, banana shape are discussed and their contributions to reflectance spectra are estimated. It has been found that a single backward or multiple forward scattering quasi-1D paths can be the major contributors to reflected spectra in wide area illumination scenario. Such a single backward scattering (SBS approximation allows developing of an analytical approach which can take into account refractive index mismatched boundary conditions and multilayer geometry and can be used for real-time spectral processing. The SBS approach can be potentially applied for the distances between the transport and reduced scattering domains. Its validation versus the Kubelka-Munk model, path integrals, and diffusion approximation of the radiation transport theory is discussed.

  5. Spectrally selective paint coatings. Preparation and characterization

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Crnjak Orel, Z.C.; Klanjsek Gunde, M. [National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia)

    2001-06-01

    Preparation and characterization of spectrally selective paint coating for photothermal solar energy conversion are discussed. The applied methods for preparation of paints with described measurements and calculations of black-pigmented coatings were reviewed. The article represents not only possible future applications but also past and current applications of spectrally selective paint coating which are used all over the world since the 1980s. Spectrally selective paint coatings based on combinations of two types of resins, various types of pigments and three types of silica, were prepared. The influence of pigment type and pigment volume concentration (PVC) was studied by applying the Kubelka-Munk (K-M) theory. The relation between the degrees of dispersion and distribution of pigment particles across the paint layer is discussed in terms of K-M coefficients.

  6. Diagnostic properties of C-reactive protein for detecting pneumonia in children.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Koster, Madieke J; Broekhuizen, Berna D L; Minnaard, Margaretha C; Balemans, Walter A F; Hopstaken, Rogier M; de Jong, Pim A; Verheij, Theo J M

    2013-07-01

    The diagnostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP) level for pneumonia in children is unknown. As a first step in the assessment of the value of CRP, a diagnostic study was performed in children at an emergency department (ED). In this cross-sectional study, data were retrospectively collected from children presenting with suspected pneumonia at the ED of Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein in The Netherlands between January 2007 and January 2012. Diagnostic outcome was pneumonia yes/no according to independent radiologist. (Un)adjusted association between CRP level and pneumonia and diagnostic value of CRP were calculated. Of 687 presenting children, 286 underwent both CRP measurement and chest radiography. 148 had pneumonia (52%). The proportion of pneumonia increased with CRP level. Negative predictive values declined, but positive predictive values increased with higher CRP thresholds. Univariable odds ratio for the association between CRP level and pneumonia was 1.2 (95% CI 1.11-1.21) per 10 mg/L increase. After adjustment for baseline characteristics CRP level remained associated with pneumonia. CRP level has independent diagnostic value for pneumonia in children presenting at the ED with suspected pneumonia, but low levels do not exclude pneumonia in this setting. These results prompt evaluation of CRP in primary care children with LRTI. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. Anatomie van een taal : Rodolphus Agricola en Antonius Liber aan de wieg van het humanistische Latijn in de Lage Landen (1469-1485)

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van der Laan, Arend Hendrik

    1998-01-01

    The Netherlands did not exist in the fifteenth century. The area that is now known under that name was to a large extent controlled by the Burgundian dukes, but most parts of the area (like Holland, Zeeland, Brabant, Flanders) had acquired a substantial degree of autonomy. The bonds that held them

  8. Comparison of different models for the determination of the absorption and scattering coefficients of thermal barrier coatings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Li; Eldridge, Jeffrey I.; Guo, S.M.

    2014-01-01

    The thermal radiative properties of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are becoming more important as the inlet temperatures of advanced gas-turbine engines are continuously being pushed higher in order to improve efficiency. To determine the absorption and scattering coefficients of TBCs, four-flux, two-flux and Kubelka–Munk models were introduced and used to characterize the thermal radiative properties of plasma-sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings. The results show that the absorption coefficient of YSZ is extremely low for wavelengths 200 μm suggests that when the coating thickness is larger than around twice the average scattering distance, the collimated flux can be simply treated as a diffuse flux inside the coating, and thus the two-flux model can be used to determine the absorption and scattering coefficients as a simplification of the four-flux model

  9. Optimization and design of pigments for heat-insulating coatings

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Guang-Hai; Zhang, Yue

    2010-12-01

    This paper reports that heat insulating property of infrared reflective coatings is obtained through the use of pigments which diffuse near-infrared thermal radiation. Suitable structure and size distribution of pigments would attain maximum diffuse infrared radiation and reduce the pigment volume concentration required. The optimum structure and size range of pigments for reflective infrared coatings are studied by using Kubelka—Munk theory, Mie model and independent scattering approximation. Taking titania particle as the pigment embedded in an inorganic coating, the computational results show that core-shell particles present excellent scattering ability, more so than solid and hollow spherical particles. The optimum radius range of core-shell particles is around 0.3 ~ 1.6 μm. Furthermore, the influence of shell thickness on optical parameters of the coating is also obvious and the optimal thickness of shell is 100-300 nm.

  10. On-line measurement of crystalline color by color-image processing system; Gazo shori system wo mochiita kessho no online iro sokutei

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Okayasu, S.; Katayama, M.; Shinohara, T. [Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Tokyo (Japan)

    1996-01-20

    Aiming for the stable operation and the rationalization of factory plant, the color-image processing has been tried to introduce into the on-line system to measure the crystalline color of L-Lysine in its refining process. Because the practical spectro-photometry was used to be employed by manual measurement. In this paper, the calculation formula of the transmittance by spectrophotometry is theoretically introduced by analyzing the relation of Lambert-Beer`s law of luminous transparency with the Kubelka-Munk`s function of the luminous dispersion using color image data. The parameters of the calculation formula were decided by actual measurement, so that the formula with accuracy value of {plus_minus}3% elucidated the possible estimation of transmittance by spectrophotometry. The system was tested on a commercial plant, and some issues are discussed. 8 refs., 8 figs., 3 tabs.

  11. Gunpowder, the Prince of Wales's feathers and the origins of modern military surgery.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pearn, John

    2012-04-01

    The history of military surgery claims many forebears. The first surgeon-soldiers were Homer's Machaon and Podalirius, followed a thousand years later by the Roman surgeons-general, Antonius Musa and Euphorbus; and later, e.g. Ambrose Paré, John Hunter and Sir John Pringle; and the 19th century innovators, Dominique-Jean Larrey (France), Friedrich von Esmarch (Prussia) and the Russian, Nikolai Pirogoff. The singular feature that distinguished modern military surgery from its earlier practice was the use of gunpowder. It was one of two inventions (the other was printing) that by the empowerment of individuals, lifted Western humankind from the medieval to the modern era. Research of primary and secondary archives. Gunpowder was first used in European warfare at Algeceras (1344-1368). Hitherto, the destruction of tissue had been the result of (relative) low-energy wounding with tissue damage caused by incisional or crushing wounds. The founder of modern surgery, Master John of Arderne (1307-1380), wrote of his experience gained as a military surgeon on the battlefield at Crecy (1346). Following Crecy, Arderne was the only chronicler who described the origins of the Prince of Wales's feathers as a royal and later commercial symbol, and the motto 'Ich Dien', 'I serve', as that of hospitals in the Western World. Later advances in military surgery incorporated both clinical experimentation and the innovation of new systems of pre-hospital battlefield care. © 2012 The Author. ANZ Journal of Surgery © 2012 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.

  12. Ab-initio study of double perovskite Ba2YSbO6

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mondal, Golak; Jha, D.; Himanshu, A. K.; Lahiri, J.; Singh, B. K.; Kumar, Uday; Ray, Rajyavardhan

    2018-04-01

    The density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation has been used to investigate the electronic structure of double perovskite oxide Ba2YSbO6 (BYS) synthesized in polycrystalline form by solid state reaction. Structural characterization of the compound was done through X-ray diffraction (XRD) followed by Riedvelt analysis of the XRD pattern. The crystal structure is cubic, space group being Fm-3m (No. 225) with the lattice parameter, a = 8.424 Å. Optical band-gap of this system has been calculated using UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Kubelka-Munk (KM) function, having the value 4.56eV. A detailed study of the electronic properties has also been carried out using the Full-Potential Linear Augmented Plane Wave (FPLAPW) as implemented in WIEN2k. BYS is found to be a large band-gap insulator with potential technological applications, such as dielectric resonators and filters in microwave applications.

  13. Modified polarimetric bidirectional reflectance distribution function with diffuse scattering: surface parameter estimation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhan, Hanyu; Voelz, David G.

    2016-12-01

    The polarimetric bidirectional reflectance distribution function (pBRDF) describes the relationships between incident and scattered Stokes parameters, but the familiar surface-only microfacet pBRDF cannot capture diffuse scattering contributions and depolarization phenomena. We propose a modified pBRDF model with a diffuse scattering component developed from the Kubelka-Munk and Le Hors et al. theories, and apply it in the development of a method to jointly estimate refractive index, slope variance, and diffuse scattering parameters from a series of Stokes parameter measurements of a surface. An application of the model and estimation approach to experimental data published by Priest and Meier shows improved correspondence with measurements of normalized Mueller matrix elements. By converting the Stokes/Mueller calculus formulation of the model to a degree of polarization (DOP) description, the estimation results of the parameters from measured DOP values are found to be consistent with a previous DOP model and results.

  14. Estimating physiological skin parameters from hyperspectral signatures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vyas, Saurabh; Banerjee, Amit; Burlina, Philippe

    2013-05-01

    We describe an approach for estimating human skin parameters, such as melanosome concentration, collagen concentration, oxygen saturation, and blood volume, using hyperspectral radiometric measurements (signatures) obtained from in vivo skin. We use a computational model based on Kubelka-Munk theory and the Fresnel equations. This model forward maps the skin parameters to a corresponding multiband reflectance spectra. Machine-learning-based regression is used to generate the inverse map, and hence estimate skin parameters from hyperspectral signatures. We test our methods using synthetic and in vivo skin signatures obtained in the visible through the short wave infrared domains from 24 patients of both genders and Caucasian, Asian, and African American ethnicities. Performance validation shows promising results: good agreement with the ground truth and well-established physiological precepts. These methods have potential use in the characterization of skin abnormalities and in minimally-invasive prescreening of malignant skin cancers.

  15. Microwave assisted synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles for lighting and dye removal application

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kumar, Vijay, E-mail: vijays_phy@rediffmail.com [Department of Physics, University of Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA 9300 (South Africa); Gohain, M. [Department of Chemistry, University of Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA 9300 (South Africa); Som, S.; Kumar, Vinod [Department of Physics, University of Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA 9300 (South Africa); Bezuindenhoudt, B.C.B. [Department of Chemistry, University of Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA 9300 (South Africa); Swart, Hendrik C., E-mail: swarthc@ufs.ac.za [Department of Physics, University of Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA 9300 (South Africa)

    2016-01-01

    In this study, we report on the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) via the microwave-assisted technique. The as-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were annealed at 500 °C for three hours. The ZnO NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopic techniques. XRD results confirmed the formation of as-synthesized ZnO powder oriented along the (101) direction. The Kubelka–Munk function has been employed to determine the band gap of the ZnO powder. ZnO powder has been studied by photoluminescence (PL) before and after annealing to identify the emission of defects in the visible range. The intensity of the PL emission has decreased after annealing. The synthesized ZnO samples were also studied for methyl orange dye removal from waste water. It has been found that the as-synthesized ZnO shows better adsorption behaviour as compared to the annealed sample.

  16. Structural and plasmonic properties of noble metal doped ZnO nanomaterials

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pathak, Trilok K.; Swart, H. C.; Kroon, R. E.

    2018-04-01

    Noble metal doped ZnO has been synthesized by the combustion method and the effect of different metals (Ag, Au, Pd) on the structural, morphological, optical, photoluminescence and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties has been investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the ZnO had a hexagonal wurtzite structure and the crystallite sizes were affected by the doping. The formation of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) was investigated using transmission electron microscopy and diffuse reflectance spectra. The LSPR of the metallic NPs was predicted using Mie theory calculations. The absorption spectra were calculated using the Kubelka-Munk function and the optical bandgap varied from 3.06 to 3.18 eV for the different doping materials. The experimental results suggest that the origin of enhanced emission was due to direct interaction between the laser photons and the noble material NPs which in turn leads to photoemission transfer of electrons from the noble metals NPs to the conduction band of ZnO.

  17. Synthesis and characterization of magnetic opal/Fe3O4 colloidal crystal

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carmona-Carmona, A. J.; Palomino-Ovando, M. A.; Hernández-Cristobal, Orlando; Sánchez-Mora, E.; Toledo-Solano, M.

    2017-03-01

    We report an experimental study of colloidal crystals based on SiO2 artificial opals, infiltrated with 1.34(M1), 2.03(M2) and 24.4(M3) wt% Fe3O4 nanoparticles, using the co-assembly method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to study the structural, magnetic and optical properties of the samples. At 300 K all the samples exhibit superparamagnetic behavior due to the magnetic coupling of Fe3O4 nanoparticles infiltrated into opal. However, for higher concentration of nanoparticles this strong coupling distorts the opal network. The UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and Kubelka-Munk theory were applied to determine that the energy band gap of the opal-magnetite composites can be adjusted by varying the concentration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. This values are between the energy band gap of SiO2 and Fe3O4.

  18. Large-amplitude internal tides, solitary waves, and turbulence in the central Bay of Biscay

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xie, X. H.; Cuypers, Y.; Bouruet-Aubertot, P.; Ferron, B.; Pichon, A.; LourençO, A.; Cortes, N.

    2013-06-01

    and fine-scale measurements collected in the central Bay of Biscay during the MOUTON experiment are analyzed to investigate the dynamics of internal waves and associated mixing. Large-amplitude internal tides (ITs) that excite internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the thermocline are observed. ITs are dominated by modes 3 and 4, while ISWs projected on mode 1 that is trapped in the thermocline. Therein, ITs generate a persistent narrow shear band, which is strongly correlated with the enhanced dissipation rate in the thermocline. This strong dissipation rate is further reinforced in the presence of ISWs. Dissipation rates during the period without ISWs largely agree with the MacKinnon-Gregg scaling proposed for internal wavefields dominated by a low-frequency mode, while they show poor agreement with the Gregg-Henyey parameterization valid for internal wavefields close to the Garrett-Munk model. The agreement with the MacKinnon-Gregg scaling is consistent with the fact that turbulent mixing here is driven by the low-frequency internal tidal shear.

  19. Optimization and design of pigments for heat-insulating coatings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Guang-Hai; Zhang Yue

    2010-01-01

    This paper reports that heat insulating property of infrared reflective coatings is obtained through the use of pigments which diffuse near-infrared thermal radiation. Suitable structure and size distribution of pigments would attain maximum diffuse infrared radiation and reduce the pigment volume concentration required. The optimum structure and size range of pigments for reflective infrared coatings are studied by using Kubelka—Munk theory, Mie model and independent scattering approximation. Taking titania particle as the pigment embedded in an inorganic coating, the computational results show that core-shell particles present excellent scattering ability, more so than solid and hollow spherical particles. The optimum radius range of core-shell particles is around 0.3 ∼ 1.6 μm. Furthermore, the influence of shell thickness on optical parameters of the coating is also obvious and the optimal thickness of shell is 100–300 nm. (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

  20. Stochastic goal-oriented error estimation with memory

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ackmann, Jan; Marotzke, Jochem; Korn, Peter

    2017-11-01

    We propose a stochastic dual-weighted error estimator for the viscous shallow-water equation with boundaries. For this purpose, previous work on memory-less stochastic dual-weighted error estimation is extended by incorporating memory effects. The memory is introduced by describing the local truncation error as a sum of time-correlated random variables. The random variables itself represent the temporal fluctuations in local truncation errors and are estimated from high-resolution information at near-initial times. The resulting error estimator is evaluated experimentally in two classical ocean-type experiments, the Munk gyre and the flow around an island. In these experiments, the stochastic process is adapted locally to the respective dynamical flow regime. Our stochastic dual-weighted error estimator is shown to provide meaningful error bounds for a range of physically relevant goals. We prove, as well as show numerically, that our approach can be interpreted as a linearized stochastic-physics ensemble.

  1. Structural and optical properties of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles, influence by holmium ions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mathevula, L. E.; Noto, L. L.; Mothudi, B. M.; Dhlamini, M. S.

    2018-04-01

    α-Fe2O3 and α-Fe2O3 doped with different concentration of holmium ions were synthesized by a simple sol-gel method. The XRD data confirmed the hexagonal structure of α-Fe2O3 for un-doped and holmium doped samples. The crystallite size was found to be decreasing with increasing holmium concentration. The amount of holmium was quantified using an EDS, which shows an increase in holmium quantity as concentration increases. The UV-Vis measurement shows an absorption edge around 570 nm. The band gap was estimated using the Kubelka-Munk relation and it was found to be fluctuating between 1.94 eV and 2.04 eV. The PL spectra confirmed the effect of holmium ions on luminescence properties of α-Fe2O3 which showed a maximum intensity at 0.1 mol% Holmium, and quenching as the concentration is increased from 0.3 mol% to 0.9 mol%.

  2. Phenomenological BRDF modeling for engineering applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jafolla, James C.; Stokes, Jeffrey A.; Sullivan, Robert J.

    1997-09-01

    The application of analytical light scattering techniques for virtual prototyping the optical performance of paint coatings provides an effective tool for optimizing paint design for specific optical requirements. This paper describes the phenomenological basis for the scattering coatings computer aided design (ScatCad) code. The ScatCad code predicts the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) and the hemispherical directional reflectance (HDR) of pigmented paint coatings for the purpose of coating design optimization. The code uses techniques for computing the pigment single scattering phase function, multiple scattering radiative transfer, and rough surface scattering to calculate the BRDF and HDR based on the fundamental optical properties of the pigment(s) and binder, pigment number density and size distribution, and surface roughness of the binder-interface and substrate. This is a significant enhancement to the two- flux, Kubelka-Munk analysis that has traditionally been used in the coatings industry. Example calculations and comparison with measurements are also presented.

  3. Aktív anyagok szerepe a rozmaring ízesítésű napraforgó olajban = The role of active materials of rosemary in sunflower oil

    OpenAIRE

    Somogyi, László

    2008-01-01

    Kutatómunkám célja az immerzióval, azaz a fűszer áztatásával előállított rozmaring ízesítésű napraforgó olaj aromakarakterének és fontosabb kémiai tulajdonságainak elemzése volt. Az elvégzendő feladatokat az alábbi kérdések megválaszolása érdekében jelöltem ki: 1. Hogyan változik az ízesített napraforgó olaj aromája az adagolt rozmaring arányának és az áztatási időnek függvényében? 2. Milyen oxidációs stabilitással rendelkezik az ízesített olaj ? 3. Mennyire képes az ízesített nap...

  4. Comprehensive Prediction of Large-height Swell-like Waves in East Coast of Korea

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kwon, S. J.; Lee, C.; Ahn, S. J.; Kim, H. K.

    2014-12-01

    There have been growing interests in the large-height swell-like wave (LSW) in the east coast of Korea because such big waves have caused human victims as well as damages to facilities such as breakwaters in the coast. The LSW was found to be generated due to an atmospherically great valley in the north area of the East Sea and then propagate long distance to the east coast of Korea in prominently southwest direction (Oh et al., 2010).In this study, we will perform two methods, real-time data based and numerical-model based predictions in order to predict the LSW in the east coast of Korea. First, the real-time data based prediction method uses information which is collected by the directional wave gauge installed near Sokcho. Using the wave model SWAN (Booij et al., 1999) and the wave ray method (Munk and Arthur, 1952), we will estimate wave data in open sea from the real-time data and predict the travel time of LSW from the measurement site (near Sokcho) to several target points in the east coast of Korea. Second, the numerical-model based method uses three different numerical models; WW3 in deep water, SWAN in shallow water, and CADMAS-SURF for wave run-up (CDIT). The surface winds from the 72 hours prediction system of NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) GFS (Global Forecast System) will be inputted in finer grids after interpolating these in certain domains of WW3 and SWAN models. The significant wave heights and peak wave directions predicted by the two methods will be compared to the measured data of LSW at several target points near the coasts. Further, the prediction method will be improved using more measurement sites which will be installed in the future. ReferencesBooij, N., Ris, R.C., and Holthuijsen, L.H. (1999). A third-generation wave model for coastal regions 1. Model description and validation. J. of Geophysical Research, 103(C4), 7649-7666.Munk, W.H. and Arthur, R.S. (1952). Gravity Waves. 13. Wave Intensity along a Refracted Ray

  5. Improved OMI Nitrogen Dioxide Retrievals Aided by NASA's A-Train High-Resolution Data

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lamsal, L. N.; Krotkov, N. A.; Vasilkov, A. P.; Marchenko, S. V.; Qin, W.; Yang, E. S.; Fasnacht, Z.; Haffner, D. P.; Swartz, W. H.; Spurr, R. J. D.; Joiner, J.

    2017-12-01

    Space-based global observation of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is among the main objectives of the NASA Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) mission, aimed at advancing our understanding of the sources and trends of nitrogen oxides (NOx). These applications benefit from improved retrieval techniques and enhancement in data quality. Here, we describe our recent and planned updates to the NASA OMI standard NO2 products. The products and documentation are publicly available from the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/OMNO2_V003/summary/). The major changes include (1) improvements in spectral fitting algorithms for NO2 and cloud, (2) improved information in the vertical distribution of NO2, and (3) use of geometry-dependent surface reflectivity information derived from NASA's Aqua MODIS over land and the Cox-Munk slope distribution over ocean with a contribution from water-leaving radiance. These algorithm updates, which lead to more accurate tropospheric NO2 retrievals from OMI, are relevant for other past, contemporary, and future satellite instruments.

  6. The relationship between elastomer opacity, colorimeter beam size, and measured colorimetric response.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rugh, E H; Johnston, W M; Hesse, N S

    1991-01-01

    The effect of opacity on the colorimetric responses of large-area and small-area colorimeters was determined using an elastomer intended for maxillofacial prosthetics use and containing various pigments at different concentrations. Opacity was determined by calculating the contrast ratio of 2-mm-thick specimens against black and white backings, using Kubelka-Munk analyses to correct for thickness and backing color variations. The measure of comparison of the two colorimeters was the relative difference in tristimulus reflectance, with the tristimulus reflectance of the large-area colorimeter as the basis of the relative difference. A significant quadratic relationship was found between contrast ratio and the relative difference in tristimulus reflectance. This relationship may be used to describe opacity without the need to make optical observations or measurements of a thin layer of material on contrasting backings. The small-area colorimeter produced color parameters that are a measure of the combined effects of both color and opacity. The importance of beam size considerations of optical measuring devices for translucent natural and prosthetic materials was emphasized.

  7. Værdiladninger og intolerance

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lægaard, Sune

    2013-01-01

    I Bøger den 21. juni tilslutter Anna Libak sig Morten Messerschmidts kritik af, at samfundsforskerne Peter Munk Christiansen og Asbjørn Sonne Nørgaard i en undervisningsbog kategoriserer Dansk Folkeparti (DF) som ”intolerant”. Lige som Messerschmidt hævder Libak, at ordet ”intolerant” er negativt...... værdiladet, hvorfor anvendelsen af det i kategorisering af politiske partier ikke kan være videnskabelig, men er indoktrinering af gymnasieelever. Selv om Messerschmidt og Libak har ret i, at ord som ”tolerant” og ”intolerant” kan bruges og forstås som indeholdende værdidomme, så er det forkert, at ordet...... ”intolerant” ER en negativ værdidom. At et ord kan bruges værdiladet, betyder ikke, at ordets mening udelukkende består i en værdidom. Det samme gælder jo for rigtig mange andre ord – f.eks. kan ord som ”akademisk” og ”journalistisk” bruges som værdidomme. Det betyder ikke, at de ikke har et ikke...

  8. Essays in Labor Economics and Political Economy

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Harmon, Nikolaj Arpe

    This dissertation consists of three chapters, each representing a self-contained research paper in labor economics and political economy. The first chapter studies the impact of immigration and ethnic diversity on political outcomes in immigrant-receiving countries, focusing on the case of immigr......This dissertation consists of three chapters, each representing a self-contained research paper in labor economics and political economy. The first chapter studies the impact of immigration and ethnic diversity on political outcomes in immigrant-receiving countries, focusing on the case...... in particular. The effects appear present both in municipal and national elections, despite the very different issues decided at the two levels of government. The second chapter (co-authored with Raymond Fisman, Emir Kamenica and Inger Munk) studies the effect of a salary reform in the European Parliament...... to learn about the impact of salaries on the behavior and composition of legislators. Increases in salaries cause large increases in the willingness to hold office but do not affect the level of effort exerted while in office. For the composition of legislators, increases in salaries leads to elected...

  9. Oil Slick Observation at Low Incidence Angles in Ku-Band

    Science.gov (United States)

    Panfilova, M. A.; Karaev, V. Y.; Guo, Jie

    2018-03-01

    On the 20 April 2010 the oil platform Deep Water Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico suffered an explosion during the final phases of drilling an exploratory well. As a result, an oil film covered the sea surface area of several thousand square kilometers. In the present paper the data of the Ku-band Precipitation Radar, which operates at low incidence angles, were used to explore the oil spill event. The two-scale model of the scattering surface was used to describe radar backscatter from the sea surface. The algorithm for retrieval of normalized radar cross section at nadir and the total slope variance of large-scale waves compared to the wavelength of electromagnetic wave (22 mm) was developed for the Precipitation Radar swath. It is shown that measurements at low incidence angles can be used for oil spill detection. This is the first time that the dependence of mean square slope of large-scale waves on wind speed has been obtained for oil slicks from Ku-band data, and compared to mean square slope obtained by Cox and Munk from optical data.

  10. Photoluminescence and thermoluminescence properties of BaGa2O4

    Science.gov (United States)

    Noto, L. L.; Poelman, D.; Orante-Barrón, V. R.; Swart, H. C.; Mathevula, L. E.; Nyenge, R.; Chithambo, M.; Mothudi, B. M.; Dhlamini, M. S.

    2018-04-01

    Rare-Earth free luminescent materials are fast becoming important as the cost of rare earth ions gradually increases. In this work, a Rare-Earth free BaGa2O4 luminescent compound was prepared by solid state chemical reaction, which was confirmed to have a single phase by X-ray Diffraction. The Backscattered Electron image and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy maps confirmed irregular particle and homogeneous compound formation, respectively. The Photoluminescence spectrum displayed broad emission between 350 to 650 nm, which was deconvoluted into two components. The photoluminescence excitation peak was positioned at 254 nm, which corresponds with the band-to-band position observed from the diffuse reflectance spectrum. The band gap was extrapolated to 4.65 ± 0.02 eV using the Kubelka-Munk model. The preliminary thermoluminescence results indicated that the kinetics involved were neither of first nor second order. Additionally, the activation energy of the electrons within the trap centres was approximated to 0.61 ± 0.01 eV using the Initial Rise model.

  11. 228Ra and 228Th concentrations in GEOSECS Atlantic surface waters

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Y.H.; Toggweiler, J.R.; Feely, H.W.

    1980-01-01

    An average 228 Ra flux of 0.6 +- 0.1 dpm cm -2 yr -1 from continental shelf sediments can maintain the estimated total 228 Ra inventory of about 5x10 17 dpm in Atlantic surface waters. By fitting 228 Ra and potential temperature data to Munk's vertical advection-diffusion model, upwelling rates of 17 +- 10 m yr -1 and vertical eddy diffusion coefficients of 0.4 +- 0.2 cm 2 s -1 were obtained in the upper water column of the equatorial Atlantic. The downward fluxes of particulate 228 Th across the 350-m water depth are about 0.01 to 0.04 dpm cm -2 yr -1 in the Sargasso Sea and in the regions south of 12 0 N and about 0.06 to 0.11 dpm cm -2 yr -1 in the northern temperate region (excluding the Sargasso Sea). The shorter half-removal time of 228 Th in the equatorial (10 0 S to 20 0 N) and the northern region (35 0 to 65 0 N) are related to higher biological productivity there. (author)

  12. Auteurs affichés, auteurs dissimulés. Le recours aux citations dans le 'Commentaire sur l'Enéide' attribué à Bernard Silvestre

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francine Mora

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Birger Munk Olsen's works have pointed out the importance of the commentaries in the reception and canonization of the Latin auctores during the twelfth-century Renaissance. In Bonaventure's famous classification, the commentator, who writes both with his own words and with the words of the others, but gives to the second of these the primary position, is lower in rank than the author. He is also dependent on the commentators who wrote before him. However, the study of mentions or quotations of auctores and former commentators in medieval commentaries shows that the latter used their predecessors only in order to expose their own point of view. A good example of this is furnished by the commentary of the Aeneid commonly attributed to Bernardus Silvestris. This article studies its difference of treatment between its two models, Macrobius and Fulgentius – the first is displayed, the second is more concealed –, and also its use of Ovid, whose Metamorphoses are used as early as in the commentary of Book 1, but who is not explicitly claimed as a model.

  13. Nūr Ud-Dīn Jahāngīr and Father Kirwitzer: the independent discovery of the Great Comets of November 1618 and the first astronomical use of the telescope in India

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kapoor, R. C.

    2016-12-01

    The year 1618 in astronomy was a unique one in that it presented three bright cometary apparitions in quick succession. The comets created a sensation, and belonged to an era when Galileo's telescopic observations had created a paradigm shift in our perception of the heavens and Johannes Kepler was introducing a fundamental change in mathematical astronomy by redefining orbits of planets around the Sun. This paper is an account of the observations of two of the three great comets of 1618, made from India. This turned out to be a unique occasion because these same targets of opportunity were followed independently by astronomers from two very different 'schools', and their observations were recorded quantitatively. Jahāngīr, the fourth Mughal Emperor of India, recorded in the Tūzūk-i Jahāngīrī (The Memoirs of Jahāngīr), the appearance of two comets during a Royal journey from the town of Dohad in Gujarat to Agra, the capital city of the Empire, in the thirteenth year of his accession. From the recorded dates, Jahāngīr turns out to be an independent discoverer of two great comets that appeared one after the other in November 1618. Meanwhile, Father Venceslaus Kirwitzer and fellow Jesuits observed these comets from Goa, and their first observations also correspond to the discovery dates of the comets. These same comets also were followed by Father Antonius Rubinus from Cochin. Fr. Kirwitzer collated and published these observations in 1620 in a short treatise where he states that he also viewed these comets with a 'tubo optico'. This is the first recorded use of a telescope in India.

  14. Effect of (Nd, Ni) co-doped on the multiferroic and photocatalytic properties of BiFeO{sub 3}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vanga, Pradeep Reddy [Nanomaterials Laboratory, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli 620 015 (India); Mangalaraja, R.V. [Department of Materials Engineering, University of Concepcion, Concepcion (Chile); Ashok, M., E-mail: ashokm@nitt.edu [Nanomaterials Laboratory, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli 620 015 (India)

    2015-12-15

    Highlights: • Sol–gel synthesis. • Saturation magnetization and ferroelectricity increases in Ni co-doped samples. • Conduction mechanism is different in Nd doped and (Nd, Ni) co-doped samples. • Samples show good photocatalytic activity in the presence of H{sub 2}O{sub 2}. - Abstract: Bi{sub 0.95}Nd{sub 0.05}Fe{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x}O{sub 3} (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05) samples are synthesized by solgel method. The phase and crystal structure of the samples are confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies, Rietveld refinement is performed to calculate the structural parameters. The reflectance spectra show bands in UV and visible region and the optical band gap is calculated using Kulbeka–Munk function. The magnetization and leakage current density are strongly influenced by doping. Different conduction mechanisms are observed in Nd doped and Ni co-doped samples. All the samples exhibit ferroelectric nature at various frequencies. Photocatalytic activities of the samples are determined by the degradation of methylene blue dye in the presence of visible light and H{sub 2}O{sub 2} which shows samples are good photo-Fenton like catalyst.

  15. Color prediction in textile application

    Science.gov (United States)

    De Lucia, Maurizio; Buonopane, Massimo

    2004-09-01

    Nowadays production systems of fancy yarns for knits allow the creation of extremely complex products in which many effects are obtained by means of color alteration. Current production technique consists in defining type and quantity of fibers by making preliminary samples. This samples are then compared with a reference one. This comparison is based on operator experience. Many samples are required in order to achieve a sample similar to the reference one. This work requires time and then additional costs for a textile manufacturer. In addition, the methodology is subjective. Nowadays, spectrophotometers are the only devices that seem to be able to provide objective indications. They are based on a spectral analysis of the light reflected by the knit material. In this paper the study of a new method for color evaluation of a mix of wool fibers with different colors is presented. First of all fiber characterization were carried out through scattering and absorption coefficients using the Kubelka-Munk theory. Then the estimated color was compared with a reference item, in order to define conformity by means of objective parameters. Finally, theoretical characterization was compared with the measured quantity. This allowed estimation of prediction quality.

  16. A Method for Medical Diagnosis Based on Optical Fluence Rate Distribution at Tissue Surface.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hamdy, Omnia; El-Azab, Jala; Al-Saeed, Tarek A; Hassan, Mahmoud F; Solouma, Nahed H

    2017-09-20

    Optical differentiation is a promising tool in biomedical diagnosis mainly because of its safety. The optical parameters' values of biological tissues differ according to the histopathology of the tissue and hence could be used for differentiation. The optical fluence rate distribution on tissue boundaries depends on the optical parameters. So, providing image displays of such distributions can provide a visual means of biomedical diagnosis. In this work, an experimental setup was implemented to measure the spatially-resolved steady state diffuse reflectance and transmittance of native and coagulated chicken liver and native and boiled breast chicken skin at 635 and 808 nm wavelengths laser irradiation. With the measured values, the optical parameters of the samples were calculated in vitro using a combination of modified Kubelka-Munk model and Bouguer-Beer-Lambert law. The estimated optical parameters values were substituted in the diffusion equation to simulate the fluence rate at the tissue surface using the finite element method. Results were verified with Monte-Carlo simulation. The results obtained showed that the diffuse reflectance curves and fluence rate distribution images can provide discrimination tools between different tissue types and hence can be used for biomedical diagnosis.

  17. A vector radiative transfer model for coupled atmosphere and ocean systems with a rough interface

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhai Pengwang; Hu Yongxiang; Chowdhary, Jacek; Trepte, Charles R.; Lucker, Patricia L.; Josset, Damien B.

    2010-01-01

    We report on an exact vector (polarized) radiative transfer (VRT) model for coupled atmosphere and ocean systems. This VRT model is based on the successive order of scattering (SOS) method, which virtually takes all the multiple scattering processes into account, including atmospheric scattering, oceanic scattering, reflection and transmission through the rough ocean surface. The isotropic Cox-Munk wave model is used to derive the ref and transmission matrices for the rough ocean surface. Shadowing effects are included by the shadowing function. We validated the SOS results by comparing them with those calculated by two independent codes based on the doubling/adding and Monte Carlo methods. Two error analyses related to the ocean color remote sensing are performed in the coupled atmosphere and ocean systems. One is the scalar error caused by ignoring the polarization in the whole system. The other is the error introduced by ignoring the polarization of the light transmitted through the ocean interface. Both errors are significant for the cases studied. This code fits for the next generation of ocean color study because it converges fast for absorbing medium as, for instance, ocean.

  18. Measurement and modelling of the photosynthetically active radiation transmitted in a canopy of maritime pine

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hassika, P.; Berbigier, P.; Bonnefond, J.M.

    1997-01-01

    Modelling the photosynthesis of a forest requires the evaluation of the quantity of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorbed by the crowns and the understorey. In this article a semi-empirical model, based on Beer's law is used to study PAR absorption and its seasonal variation. Our purpose was to confirm that the PAR and the solar radiation follow the same interception laws for both the direct and diffuse part, using correct values of needle transmission and reflection coefficients. The model developed took into account the direct and the diffuse radiation. The radiation rescattered by the crowns was neglected following an estimation using the Kubelka-Munk equations, which indicated that the term was small. The model was calibrated and tested from the measurements taken in a maritime pine forest during the summer and autumn of 1995. The comparison between the results of the model and the measurements was satisfactory for the direct radiation as well as for the diffuse radiation. In conclusion, although the measurement wavebands are different, the penetration of the PAR can be estimated using the same simple semi-empirical model already established for solar radiation. (author) [fr

  19. Effect of Pd ion doping in the band gap of SnO{sub 2} nanoparticles: structural and optical studies

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nandan, Brajesh; Venugopal, B. [Pondicherry University, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology (India); Amirthapandian, S.; Panigrahi, B. K. [Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Ion Beam and Computer Simulation Section, Materials Science Group (India); Thangadurai, P., E-mail: thangadurai.p@gmail.com [Pondicherry University, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology (India)

    2013-10-15

    Pd ion doping has influenced the band gap of SnO{sub 2} nanoparticles. Undoped and Pd ion-doped SnO{sub 2} nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. A tetragonal phase of SnO{sub 2} with a grain size range of 7-13 nm was obtained (studied by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy). A decreasing trend in the particle size with increasing doping concentration was observed. The presence of Pd in doped SnO{sub 2} was confirmed by chemical analysis carried out by energy-dispersive spectroscopy in the transmission electron microscope. Diffuse reflectance spectra showed a blue shift in absorption with increasing palladium concentration. Band gap of SnO{sub 2} nanoparticles was estimated from the diffuse reflectance spectra using Kubelka-Munk function and it was increasing with the increase of Pd ion concentration from 3.73 to 4.21 eV. The variation in band gap is attributed predominantly to the lattice strain and particle size. All the samples showed a broad photoluminescence emission centered at 375 nm when excited at 270 nm. A systematic study on the structural and optical properties of SnO{sub 2} nanoparticles is presented.

  20. Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Luminescence Property of a New Silver(I) Dimer with Isonicotinic Acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yuan, Qi; Liu, Bing

    2005-01-01

    The absorption spectrum was calculated from reflection spectrum by the Kubelka.Munk function. The energy gap of the title compound determined by extrapolation from the linear portion of the absorption edge in a (α/S) versus energy plot is 1.91 eV, which suggests that the title compound behaves as semiconductor. Isonicotinic acid (Iso), namely 4.pyridinecarboxylate, a multi.functional chelating and/or bridging ligand, has proved to be very powerful for the construction of multi. dimensional metal.organic coordination networks. Furthermore, The isonicotinic acid complexes has raised many interests in fluorescence probing with numerous potential applications for studies of microsecond diffusion and dynamics of membranes. Metal centers are potential carriers of electrochemical, magnetic, catalytic, or optical properties that may be introduced into the inorganic.organic hybrid materials. d"1"0 metals with rich photophysical and photochemical character have focused attentions to synthesize polynuclear complexes. Considering the versatile coordination abilities of Iso, we employ the ligand to coordinate with silver nitrate to fabricate a coordination complex with excellent fluorescence property. Herein we report the synthesis, crystal structure and fluorescence property of a new d"1"0 coordination dimer [Ag_2(Iso)_2(NO_3)_2

  1. A Method for Medical Diagnosis Based on Optical Fluence Rate Distribution at Tissue Surface

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Omnia Hamdy

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Optical differentiation is a promising tool in biomedical diagnosis mainly because of its safety. The optical parameters’ values of biological tissues differ according to the histopathology of the tissue and hence could be used for differentiation. The optical fluence rate distribution on tissue boundaries depends on the optical parameters. So, providing image displays of such distributions can provide a visual means of biomedical diagnosis. In this work, an experimental setup was implemented to measure the spatially-resolved steady state diffuse reflectance and transmittance of native and coagulated chicken liver and native and boiled breast chicken skin at 635 and 808 nm wavelengths laser irradiation. With the measured values, the optical parameters of the samples were calculated in vitro using a combination of modified Kubelka-Munk model and Bouguer-Beer-Lambert law. The estimated optical parameters values were substituted in the diffusion equation to simulate the fluence rate at the tissue surface using the finite element method. Results were verified with Monte-Carlo simulation. The results obtained showed that the diffuse reflectance curves and fluence rate distribution images can provide discrimination tools between different tissue types and hence can be used for biomedical diagnosis.

  2. Towards a Knowledge Communication Perspective on Designing Artefacts Supporting Knowledge Work

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Niclas Eberhagen

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available The designing of computer-based artefacts to support knowledge work is far from a straightforward rational process. Characteristics of knowledge work have a bearing upon how developers (or designers, together with users, come to approach and capture the rich and tacit knowing of the practice. As all knowledge work is about the production of knowledge, transforming it, so is the design practice for developing artefacts to occupy space within that same practice. There is a need for providing a conceptual language to better reflect the nature of this design work that goes beyond those dressed in the managerial (or rational language of planned activities and deliverables. Towards this end, a conceptual frame is presented that makes several important aspects of the design practice visible. The frame brings together both nature of design work and characteristics of knowledge work to extend the frame of knowledge in user-developer communication of Kensing and Munk-Madsen. Thereby, providing a means to focus attention and dress debate on what situated designing is. By using explicit concepts, such as types knowledge domains embedded in the design situation, the transitional paths between them, and design engagements, it arms practitioners with specific linguistic constructs to direct attention and efforts in planning and organizing development undertakings.Purpose – the purpose of this work is to present and argue for a perspective on designing of computer-based artefacts supporting knowledge work. This is done to inform practitioners, directing their attention and dressing debate, and providing a conceptual language to better capture design activities in planning and organizing development undertakings.Design/Methodology/Approach – The approach presented in this article is conceptual in so far that a model or frame providing linguistic constructs is constructed and argued, building upon scholarly work of knowledge communication and drawing upon

  3. Multiplexed Colorimetric Solid-Phase Extraction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gazda, Daniel B.; Fritz, James S.; Porter, Marc D.

    2009-01-01

    Multiplexed colorimetric solid-phase extraction (MC-SPE) is an extension of colorimetric solid-phase extraction (C-SPE) an analytical platform that combines colorimetric reagents, solid phase extraction, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to quantify trace analytes in water. In CSPE, analytes are extracted and complexed on the surface of an extraction membrane impregnated with a colorimetric reagent. The analytes are then quantified directly on the membrane surface using a handheld diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer. Importantly, the use of solid-phase extraction membranes as the matrix for impregnation of the colorimetric reagents creates a concentration factor that enables the detection of low concentrations of analytes in small sample volumes. In extending C-SPE to a multiplexed format, a filter holder that incorporates discrete analysis channels and a jig that facilitates the concurrent operation of multiple sample syringes have been designed, enabling the simultaneous determination of multiple analytes. Separate, single analyte membranes, placed in a readout cartridge create unique, analyte-specific addresses at the exit of each channel. Following sample exposure, the diffuse reflectance spectrum of each address is collected serially and the Kubelka-Munk function is used to quantify each water quality parameter via calibration curves. In a demonstration, MC-SPE was used to measure the pH of a sample and quantitate Ag(I) and Ni(II).

  4. Measurement and modelling of radiation transmission within a stand of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Berbigier, P.; Bonnefond, J.M.

    1995-01-01

    A semi-empirical model of radiation penetration in a maritime pine canopy was developed so that mean solar (and net) radiation absorption by crowns and understorey could be estimated from above-canopy measurements only. Beam radiation Rb was assumed to penetrate the canopy according to Beer's law with an extinction coefficient of 0.32; this figure was found using non-linear regression techniques. For diffuse sky radiation, Beer's law was integrated over the sky vault assuming a SOC (standard overcast sky) luminance model; the upward and downward scattered radiative fluxes were obtained using the Kubelka-Munk equations and measurements of needle transmittance and reflectance. The penetration of net radiation within the canopy was also modelled. The model predicts the measured albedo of the stand very well. The estimation of solar radiation transmitted by the canopy was also satisfactory with the maximum difference between this and the mean output of mobile sensors at ground level being only 18 W m -2 . Due to the poor precision of net radiometers, the net radiation model could not be tested critically. However, as the modelled longwave radiation balance under the canopy is always between -10 and -20 Wm -2 , the below-canopy net radiation must be very close to the solar radiation balance. (author) [fr

  5. Simple synthesis of ZnSe nanoparticles by thermal treatment and their characterization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aeshah Salem

    Full Text Available A simple thermal treatment was used to synthesize ZnSe nanoparticles at different calcination temperatures in a nitrogen flowing. The samples of ZnSe nanoparticles were prepared by reacting zinc nitrate (source of zinc and selenium powder with Polyvinylpyrrolidone (capping agent. Analysis of their X-ray diffraction patterns suggested the formation of an amorphous phase of the unheated material before calcination, which then transformed into a cubic crystalline structure of ZnSe nanoparticles after calcination. The phase analyses using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Zn and Se as the original compounds of prepared ZnSe nanoparticle samples. The average particle size of the samples increased from 7 ± 5 to 18 ± 3 nm as the calcination temperature was increased from 450 to 700 °C, which is also supported by the transmission electron microscopy results. Diffuse UV–visible reflectance spectra were used to determine the optical band gap through the Kubelka–Munk equation; the energy band gap was found to decrease from 4.24 to 3.95 eV with increasing calcination temperature. Keywords: Metals, Calcination, Differential thermal analysis (DTA, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR

  6. Correction of sun glint effect on MIVIS data of the Sicily campaign in July 2000

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E. Zappitelli

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available To assess the suspended and dissolved matter in water in the visible and near infrared spectral regions it is necessary to estimate with adequate accuracy the water leaving radiance. Consequently radiance measured by a remote sensor has to be corrected from the atmospheric and the sea surface effects consisting in the path radiance and the sun and sky glitter radiance contributions. This paper describes the application of the sun glint correction scheme on to airborne hyperspectral MIVIS measurements acquired on the area of the Straits of Messina during the campaign in July 2000. In the Messina case study data have been corrected for the atmospheric effects and for the sun-glitter contribution evaluated following the method proposed by Cox and Munk (1954, 1956. Comparison between glitter contaminated and glitter free data has been made taking into account the radiance profiles relevant to selected scan lines and the spectra of different pixels belonging to the same scan line and located out and inside the sun glitter area. The results show that spectra after correction have the same profile as the contaminated ones, although, at this stage, free glint data have not yet been used in water constituent retrieval and consequently the reliability of such correction cannot be completely evaluated.

  7. Evolución del desarrollo del color en sistema modelo de composición similar al dulce de leche. Influencia del tiempo de calentamiento y del Ph

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Analía Rodríguez Blanco

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El color es un atributo importante en la elección del producto dulce de leche por parte del consumidor. El mismo se desarrolla en el proceso de elaboración debido principalmente a las reacciones de pardeamiento no enzimático, las cuales se ven influenciadas por varios factores. En este trabajo se evaluó el desarrollo de color, con el tiempo de tratamiento térmico y el pH inicial como variables tecnológicas, en un sistema modelo compuesto de caseinato, lactosa, sacarosa y agua destilada cuya composición fue similar a la del dulce de leche comercial. El estudio del color se realizó utilizando los parámetros de medición de color del sistema CIELAB y el índice de Kubelka Munk (K/S. Con ambos métodos se constató un aumento significativo del dE*ab y del K/S con el tiempo de tratamiento térmico y el pH inicial. Con el sistema CIELAB además se observó una tendencia a disminuir la luminosidad con el tiempo y el aumento del pH inicial, y el aumento de a* con el tiempo.

  8. What's the Meta?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schamiloglu, Edl; Fuks, Mikhail

    2010-11-01

    The term ``Metamaterial'' was first coined in 1999 by Rodger Walser, University of Texas [B. Munk, Metamaterials: Critique and Alternatives/ (John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 2009)]. His definition is as follows: Metamaterials are macroscopic composites having man-made, three-dimensional, periodic cellular architecture designed to produce an optimized combination, not available in nature, of two or more responses to specific excitation./ He chose ``meta'' as the prefix from the Greek work meta meaning beyond. The taxonomy of meta-materials is a problem. It seems that there is no one satisfactory definition that does not restrict a class of worthy meta-materials. This presentation reviews past work on the interaction of high power electromagnetic radiation with 1-D photonic crystals. The purpose of this work was to demonstrate the use of a dielectric to focus the microwave wavebeam and to reflect it quasi-optically. In these experiments using a short pulse SINUS-6 accelerator-driven backward-wave oscillator (BWO) no deleterious effects of the high power electromagnetic fields were observed on the photonic crystal. In addition, planned experiments for an overmoded BWO whose slow wave structure is made from individual wires will be described. This latter has novel mode selection features, in addition to high power handling capability.

  9. Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Luminescence Property of a New Silver(I) Dimer with Isonicotinic Acid

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yuan, Qi [Pharmacy College of Henan University, Kaifeng (China); Liu, Bing [Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou (China)

    2005-10-15

    The absorption spectrum was calculated from reflection spectrum by the Kubelka.Munk function. The energy gap of the title compound determined by extrapolation from the linear portion of the absorption edge in a (α/S) versus energy plot is 1.91 eV, which suggests that the title compound behaves as semiconductor. Isonicotinic acid (Iso), namely 4.pyridinecarboxylate, a multi.functional chelating and/or bridging ligand, has proved to be very powerful for the construction of multi. dimensional metal.organic coordination networks. Furthermore, The isonicotinic acid complexes has raised many interests in fluorescence probing with numerous potential applications for studies of microsecond diffusion and dynamics of membranes. Metal centers are potential carriers of electrochemical, magnetic, catalytic, or optical properties that may be introduced into the inorganic.organic hybrid materials. d{sup 10} metals with rich photophysical and photochemical character have focused attentions to synthesize polynuclear complexes. Considering the versatile coordination abilities of Iso, we employ the ligand to coordinate with silver nitrate to fabricate a coordination complex with excellent fluorescence property. Herein we report the synthesis, crystal structure and fluorescence property of a new d{sup 10} coordination dimer [Ag{sub 2}(Iso){sub 2}(NO{sub 3}){sub 2}].

  10. Effect of Pore Thickness and the State of Polarization on the Optical Properties of Hexagonal Nanoarray of Au/Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Membrane

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohamed Shaban

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Hexagonal nanoarrays of Au particles were deposited on nanoporous anodic alumina membrane (NAAM utilizing r.f. magnetron sputtering. The thickness of the NAAMs is adjusted by changing the second anodization time from 5 min to 20 min. The surface morphology, composition, and optical properties are characterized by using SEM, EDX, and spectrophotometer, respectively. The effects of the NAAM thickness and state of polarization on the morphological changes and on the optical properties of the fabricated nanoarrays were addressed. According to the measured optical spectra, the rate of decrease of NAAMs refractive index was found to be 3.825 × 10−4 nm−1. Using the modified Kubelka-Munk radiative transfer model, the energy gap of NAAMs was calculated from diffused reflectance and was decreased from 1.682 to 1.376 as the anodization time increased from 5 to 20 min. Also, the saturation of interference fringes is substantially enhanced, and field enhancement can be achieved due to the excitation and constructive interference of surface plasmon waves by coating NAAMs with the hexagonal nanoarrays of Au. Based on the advantages of the fabrication approach and the enhanced and controlled properties, this new generation of samples can be used as promising building blocks for nanophotonic and nanoelectronics devices.

  11. Synthesis and characterization of the Cu2ZnSnS4 system for photovoltaic applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sánchez Pinzón, D. L.; Soracá Perez, G. Y.; Gómez Cuaspud, J. A.; López, E. Vera

    2017-01-01

    This paper focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a ceramic material based on the Cu2ZnSnS4 system, through the implementation of a hydrothermal route. For this purpose, we started from nitrate dissolutions in a 1.0mol L-1 concentration, which were mixed and treated in a teflon lined vessel steel at 280°C for 48h. The Physicochemical characterization of the solid was evaluated by means of ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM-TEM) and solid state impedance spectroscopy (IS). The initial characterization through UV measurements confirms a Band-gap around 1.46eV obtained by the Kubelka-Munk method, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the synthesis method in the obtaining of a semiconductor material. The XRD results confirm the obtaining of a crystalline material of pure phase with tetragonal geometry and I-42m space group. The preferential crystalline orientation was achieved along (2 2 0) facet, with crystallite sizes of nanometric order (6.0nm). The morphological aspects evaluated by means electron microscopy, confirmed the homogeneity of the material, showing specifically a series of textural and surface properties of relevant importance. Finally, the electrical characterizations allow to validate the semiconductor behaviour of CZTS system for development of photovoltaic technologies.

  12. Synthesis and characterization of Zn_2SiO_4 ceramic pigments obtained by chemical method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rangel, J.H.G.; Silva, J.S.; Oliveira, M.M.; Azevedo, E.; Costa, M.G.S.; Longo, E.

    2014-01-01

    The silicates provide a wide field of application, ranging from molecular sieves to catalyst supports, and therefore their morphology resulting from the obtaining method of production has been widely studied. The isomorphous replacement of cation Zn in the structure of willemite by a chromophore metal has been widely studied in the use of silicate as ceramic pigments. In this study the polymeric precursor was used to synthesize zinc silicates of nickel-doped to obtain ceramic pigments. The polymeric precursor was treated at 350 deg C/2h and the material was calcined at temperatures from 700 to 1000 deg C/4h on plates of sintered alumina at a heating rate of 10 deg C/min under ambient atmosphere in a muffle furnace type. The results of the XRD indicated the presence of the rhombohedral phase of the willemite and the presence of ZnO as an secondary phase. The micrographs, obtained by SEM, showed that the increasing in the temperature of calcination of the material from 700 to 1000 deg C caused an increasing in particle size due to the formation of aggregates. The reissue spectra of Kubelka-Munk measured by diffuse reflectance showed signs that suggest the presence of different cations in coordination. Based on the results obtained by means of colorimetric coordinates, it was observed that the material had bluish gray color. (author)

  13. Synthesis, vibrational characteristic and luminescence properties of Er3+in HNH4ErP3O10

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chékir-Mzali, Jalila; Elgharbi, Sarra; Horchani-Naifer, Karima; Férid, Mokhtar

    2017-11-01

    Polycrystalline powders of the triphosphate of ammonium hydrogen and erbium NH4ErHP3O10 are grown by flux method. The obtained sample was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction, Infrared and Raman spectroscopies. It was found that this compound is isostructural with NH4BiHP3O10. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, with space group P-1. The spectroscopic properties have been investigated in the UV-Vis and IR region via absorption, excitation, and emission spectra at room temperature. Also, the particle size distribution was investigated and the average crystallite size of HNH4ErP3O10 was 124.08 nm. The optical band gap energy (Eg ≈ 4.24 eV) was calculated from the diffuse reflectance by using the Kubelka-Munk function and Tauc's relation. The time-resolved luminescence of 4F9/2 emission has also been studied. The decay time was shown to be exponential with a pure radiative transition and the lifetime value for the transition 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 is found equal to 15, 4 μs. The effects of the crystal structure, NH4+ and OH groups on the lifetime have been revealed. The CIE chromaticity coordinates reveal that this phosphor can be a promising Yellow-orange emitting material.

  14. Morphological and Optical Characterization of High Density Au/PAA Nanoarrays

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohamed Shaban

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Hexagonal nanoarrays of Au nanorods and nanopillar were deposited on nanoporous anodic alumina (PAA membranes utilizing dc electrodeposition. The surface morphologies and optical properties were characterized by using field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM and UV-Vis spectrophotometer, respectively. The optical reflectance spectra of the as-prepared, pore widened, and 2D-Au nanorods-coated PAA membranes were studied in detail. The effects of the angle of incident, pore widening time, and electrodeposition time on the characteristic peaks positions and intensities of the fabricated nanoarrays were addressed. As the angle of incident increased, the interference peaks and transverse surface resonance are shifted to longer wavelengths, but the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance is shifted to shorter wavelengths. Also, the reflected intensities are decreased linearly for the as-prepared sample and decreased exponentially for Au/PAA samples. Using the modified Kubelka-Munk radiative transfer model, the energy gap is increased from 2.83 to 3.06 eV and the refractive index is decreased from 1.84 to 1.36 for the as-prepared and 70 min pore widened PAA membranes, respectively. Based on the advantages of the fabrication approach and the enhanced and controlled properties, this generation of Au/PAA arrays can be used as efficient building blocks for nanoelectronics and nanophotonic devices.

  15. Arsenic Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Pure and Metal-Doped Titania Nanoparticles Coated on Glass Beads: Adsorption and Column Studies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Ihsan Danish

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Nanosized metal oxide, Titania, provides high surface area and specific affinity for the adsorption of heavy metals, including arsenic (As, which is posing a great threat to the world population due to its carcinogenic nature. In this study, As(III adsorption was studied on pure and metal- (Ag- and Fe- doped Titania nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were synthesized by liquid impregnation method with some modifications, with crystallite size in the range of 30 to 40 nm. Band gap analysis, using Kubelka-Munk function showed a shift of absorption band from UV to visible region for the metal-doped Titania. Effect of operational parameters like dose of nanoparticles, initial As(III concentration, and pH was evaluated at 25°C. The data obtained gave a good fit with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and the adsorption was found to conform to pseudo-second-order kinetics. In batch studies, over 90% of arsenic removal was observed for both types of metal-doped Titania nanoparticles from a solution containing up to 2 ppm of the heavy metal. Fixed bed columns of nanoparticles, coated on glass beads, were used for As(III removal under different operating conditions. Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models were applied to predict the breakthrough curves and to find the characteristic column parameters useful for process design. The columns were regenerated using 10% NaOH solution.

  16. Effect of Eu{sup 3+} doping on the structural and photoluminescence properties of cubic CaCO{sub 3}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gao, Yan; Sun, Yidi; Zou, Haifeng; Sheng, Ye; Zhou, Xiuqing; Zhang, Bowen; Zhou, Bing, E-mail: zhoubing@jlu.edu.cn

    2016-01-15

    Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • The doping of Eu{sup 3+} ions decreased the size of CaCO{sub 3} nanoparticles. • The doping of Eu{sup 3+} ions brought about the change of CaCO{sub 3}'s optical bandgap. • Multiple sites of Eu{sup 3+} in CaCO{sub 3} nanocrystals have been identified. - Abstract: CaCO{sub 3}:xEu{sup 3+} (x = 0, 0.010, 0.015, 0.020, and 0.025) cubic nanoparticles were synthesized by carbonation method. The powder XRD patterns and SEM images of the CaCO{sub 3}:xEu{sup 3+} nanoparticles demonstrate that both the crystalline sizes and average particle sizes of synthesized samples decreased with the increase of Eu{sup 3+} content until x = 0.020. Kubelka–Munk plots and bandgap energy estimation indicate that the doping of Eu{sup 3+} ions changed optical bandgap of CaCO{sub 3}. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra show that the PL intensity of the CaCO{sub 3}:xEu{sup 3+} nanoparticles was enhanced with the increase of Eu{sup 3+} content in cubic CaCO{sub 3}:xEu{sup 3+}, and concentration quenching occurred when Eu{sup 3+} concentration exceeded 2.0 mol%. In addition, the doped sites of Eu{sup 3+} in CaCO{sub 3} crystalline were identified by the site-selective spectroscopy and decay curves.

  17. The influence of oxygen partial pressure on material properties of Eu{sup 3+}-doped Y{sub 2}O{sub 2}S thin film deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ali, A.G., E-mail: aliag@qwa.ufs.ac.za [Department of Physics, University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus), Private Bag X13, Phuthaditjhaba 9866 (South Africa); Dejene, B.F. [Department of Physics, University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus), Private Bag X13, Phuthaditjhaba 9866 (South Africa); Swart, H.C. [Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300 (South Africa)

    2016-01-01

    Eu{sup 3+}-doping has been of interest to improve the luminescent characteristics of thin-film phosphors. Y{sub 2}O{sub 2}S:Eu{sup 3+} films have been grown on Si (100) substrates by using a Pulsed Laser Deposition technique. The thin films grown under different oxygen deposition pressure conditions have been characterized using structural and luminescent measurements. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed mixed phases of cubic and hexagonal crystal structures. As the oxygen partial pressure increased, the crystallinity of the films improved. Further increase of the O{sub 2} pressure to 140 mtorr reduced the crystallinity of the film. Similarly, both scanning electron microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy confirmed that an increase in O{sub 2} pressure affected the morphology of the films. The average band gap of the films calculated from diffuse reflectance spectra using the Kubelka–Munk function was about 4.75 eV. The photoluminescence measurements indicated red emission of Y{sub 2}O{sub 2}S:Eu{sup 3+} thin films with the most intense peak appearing at 619 nm, which is assigned to the {sup 5}D{sub 0}–{sup 7}F{sub 2} transition of Eu{sup 3+}. This most intense peak was totally quenched at higher O{sub 2} pressures. This phosphor may be a promising material for applications in the flat panel displays.

  18. Drift and transmission FT-IR spectroscopy of forest soils: an approach to determine decomposition processes of forest litter

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Haberhauer, G.; Gerzabek, M.H.

    1999-06-01

    A method is described to characterize organic soil layers using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. The applicability of FT-IR, either dispersive or transmission, to investigate decomposition processes of spruce litter in soil originating from three different forest sites in two climatic regions was studied. Spectral information of transmission and diffuse reflection FT-IR spectra was analyzed and compared. For data evaluation Kubelka Munk (KM) transformation was applied to the DRIFT spectra. Sample preparation for DRIFT is simpler and less time consuming in comparison to transmission FT-IR, which uses KBr pellets. A variety of bands characteristics of molecular structures and functional groups has been identified for these complex samples. Analysis of both transmission FT-IR and DRIFT, showed that the intensity of distinct bands is a measure of the decomposition of forest litter. Interferences due to water adsorption spectra were reduced by DRIFT measurement in comparison to transmission FT-IR spectroscopy. However, data analysis revealed that intensity changes of several bands of DRIFT and transmission FT-IR were significantly correlated with soil horizons. The application of regression models enables identification and differentiation of organic forest soil horizons and allows to determine the decomposition status of soil organic matter in distinct layers. On the basis of the data presented in this study, it may be concluded that FT-IR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the investigation of decomposition dynamics in forest soils. (author)

  19. Hyperspectral signature analysis of skin parameters

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vyas, Saurabh; Banerjee, Amit; Garza, Luis; Kang, Sewon; Burlina, Philippe

    2013-02-01

    The temporal analysis of changes in biological skin parameters, including melanosome concentration, collagen concentration and blood oxygenation, may serve as a valuable tool in diagnosing the progression of malignant skin cancers and in understanding the pathophysiology of cancerous tumors. Quantitative knowledge of these parameters can also be useful in applications such as wound assessment, and point-of-care diagnostics, amongst others. We propose an approach to estimate in vivo skin parameters using a forward computational model based on Kubelka-Munk theory and the Fresnel Equations. We use this model to map the skin parameters to their corresponding hyperspectral signature. We then use machine learning based regression to develop an inverse map from hyperspectral signatures to skin parameters. In particular, we employ support vector machine based regression to estimate the in vivo skin parameters given their corresponding hyperspectral signature. We build on our work from SPIE 2012, and validate our methodology on an in vivo dataset. This dataset consists of 241 signatures collected from in vivo hyperspectral imaging of patients of both genders and Caucasian, Asian and African American ethnicities. In addition, we also extend our methodology past the visible region and through the short-wave infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. We find promising results when comparing the estimated skin parameters to the ground truth, demonstrating good agreement with well-established physiological precepts. This methodology can have potential use in non-invasive skin anomaly detection and for developing minimally invasive pre-screening tools.

  20. Systematic approach to preparing ceramic-glass composites with high translucency for dental restorations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yoshimura, Humberto N; Chimanski, Afonso; Cesar, Paulo F

    2015-10-01

    Ceramic composites are promising materials for dental restorations. However, it is difficult to prepare highly translucent composites due to the light scattering that occurs in multiphase ceramics. The objective of this work was to verify the effectiveness of a systematic approach in designing specific glass compositions with target properties in order to prepare glass infiltrated ceramic composites with high translucency. First it was necessary to calculate from literature data the viscosity of glass at the infiltration temperature using the SciGlass software. Then, a glass composition was designed for targeted viscosity and refractive index. The glass of the system SiO2-B2O3-Al2O3-La2O3-TiO2 prepared by melting the oxide raw materials was spontaneously infiltrated into porous alumina preforms at 1200°C. The optical properties were evaluated using a refractometer and a spectrophotometer. The absorption and scattering coefficients were calculated using the Kubelka-Munk model. The light transmittance of prepared composite was significantly higher than a commercial ceramic-glass composite, due to the matching of glass and preform refractive indexes which decreased the scattering, and also to the decrease in absorption coefficient. The proposed systematic approach was efficient for development of glass infiltrated ceramic composites with high translucency, which benefits include the better aesthetic performance of the final prosthesis. Copyright © 2015 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. Rapid, specific determination of iodine and iodide by combined solid-phase extraction/diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arena, Matteo P.; Porter, Marc D.; Fritz, James S.

    2002-01-01

    A new, rapid methodology for trace analysis using solid-phase extraction is described. The two-step methodology is based on the concentration of an analyte onto a membrane disk and on the determination by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of the amount of analyte extracted on the disk surface. This method, which is adaptable to a wide range of analytes, has been used for monitoring ppm levels of iodine and iodide in spacecraft water. Iodine is used as a biocide in spacecraft water. For these determinations, a water sample is passed through a membrane disk by means of a 10-mL syringe that is attached to a disk holder assembly. The disk, which is a polystyrene-divinylbenzene composite, is impregnated with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), which exhaustively concentrates iodine as a yellow iodine-PVP complex. The amount of concentrated iodine is then determined in only 2 s by using a hand-held diffuse reflectance spectrometer by comparing the result with a calibration curve based on the Kubelka-Munk function. The same general procedure can be used to determine iodide levels after its facile and exhaustive oxidation to iodine by peroxymonosulfate (i.e., Oxone reagent). For samples containing both analytes, a two-step procedure can be used in which the iodide concentration is calculated from the difference in iodine levels before and after treatment of the sample with peroxymonosulfate. With this methodology, iodine and iodide levels in the 0.1-5.0 ppm range can be determined with a total workup time of approximately 60 s with a RSD of approximately 6%.

  2. Application of the Convolution Formalism to the Ocean Tide Potential: Results from the Gravity and Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Desai, S. D.; Yuan, D. -N.

    2006-01-01

    A computationally efficient approach to reducing omission errors in ocean tide potential models is derived and evaluated using data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission. Ocean tide height models are usually explicitly available at a few frequencies, and a smooth unit response is assumed to infer the response across the tidal spectrum. The convolution formalism of Munk and Cartwright (1966) models this response function with a Fourier series. This allows the total ocean tide height, and therefore the total ocean tide potential, to be modeled as a weighted sum of past, present, and future values of the tide-generating potential. Previous applications of the convolution formalism have usually been limited to tide height models, but we extend it to ocean tide potential models. We use luni-solar ephemerides to derive the required tide-generating potential so that the complete spectrum of the ocean tide potential is efficiently represented. In contrast, the traditionally adopted harmonic model of the ocean tide potential requires the explicit sum of the contributions from individual tidal frequencies. It is therefore subject to omission errors from neglected frequencies and is computationally more intensive. Intersatellite range rate data from the GRACE mission are used to compare convolution and harmonic models of the ocean tide potential. The monthly range rate residual variance is smaller by 4-5%, and the daily residual variance is smaller by as much as 15% when using the convolution model than when using a harmonic model that is defined by twice the number of parameters.

  3. In Situ UV-Visible Assessment of Iron-Based High-Temperature Water-Gas Shift Catalysts Promoted with Lanthana: An Extent of Reduction Study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Basseem B. Hallac

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available The extent of reduction of unsupported iron-based high-temperature water-gas shift catalysts with small (<5 wt % lanthana contents was studied using UV-visible spectroscopy. Temperature- programmed reduction measurements showed that lanthana content higher than 0.5 wt % increased the extent of reduction to metallic Fe, while 0.5 wt % of lanthana facilitated the reduction to Fe3O4. In situ measurements on the iron oxide catalysts using mass and UV-visible spectroscopies permitted the quantification of the extent of reduction under temperature-programmed reduction and high-temperature water-gas shift conditions. The oxidation states were successfully calibrated against normalized absorbance spectra of visible light using the Kubelka-Munk theory. The normalized absorbance relative to the fully oxidized Fe2O3 increased as the extent of reduction increased. XANES suggested that the average bulk iron oxidation state during the water-gas shift reaction was Fe+2.57 for the catalyst with no lanthana and Fe+2.54 for the catalysts with 1 wt % lanthana. However, the UV-vis spectra suggest that the surface oxidation state of iron would be Fe+2.31 for the catalyst with 1 wt % lanthana if the oxidation state of iron in the catalyst with 0 wt % lanthana were Fe+2.57. The findings of this paper emphasize the importance of surface sensitive UV-visible spectroscopy for determining the extent of catalyst reduction during operation. The paper highlights the potential to use bench-scale UV-visible spectroscopy to study the surface chemistry of catalysts instead of less-available synchrotron X-ray radiation facilities.

  4. Determination of Scattering and Absorption Coefficients for Plasma-Sprayed Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coatings at Elevated Temperatures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eldridge, Jeffrey I.; Spuckler, Charles M.; Markham, James R.

    2009-01-01

    The temperature dependence of the scattering and absorption coefficients for a set of freestanding plasma-sprayed 8 wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) was determined at temperatures up to 1360 C in a wavelength range from 1.2 micrometers up to the 8YSZ absorption edge. The scattering and absorption coefficients were determined by fitting the directional-hemispherical reflectance and transmittance values calculated by a four-flux Kubelka Munk method to the experimentally measured hemispherical-directional reflectance and transmittance values obtained for five 8YSZ thicknesses. The scattering coefficient exhibited a continuous decrease with increasing wavelength and showed no significant temperature dependence. The scattering is primarily attributed to the relatively temperature-insensitive refractive index mismatch between the 8YSZ and its internal voids. The absorption coefficient was very low (less than 1 per centimeter) at wavelengths between 2 micrometers and the absorption edge and showed a definite temperature dependence that consisted of a shift of the absorption edge to shorter wavelengths and an increase in the weak absorption below the absorption edge with increasing temperature. The shift in the absorption edge with temperature is attributed to strongly temperature-dependent multiphonon absorption. While TBC hemispherical transmittance beyond the absorption edge can be predicted by a simple exponential decrease with thickness, below the absorption edge, typical TBC thicknesses are well below the thickness range where a simple exponential decrease in hemispherical transmittance with TBC thickness is expected. [Correction added after online publication August 11, 2009: "edge to a shorter wavelengths" has been updated as edge to shorter wavelengths."

  5. 3 D Co3 (PO4 )2 -Reduced Graphene Oxide Flowers for Photocatalytic Water Splitting: A Type II Staggered Heterojunction System.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Samal, Alaka; Swain, Smrutirekha; Satpati, Biswarup; Das, Dipti Prakasini; Mishra, Barada Kanta

    2016-11-23

    The design, synthesis, and photoelectrochemical characterization of Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , a hydrogen evolving catalyst modified with reduced graphene oxide (RGO), is reported. The 3 D flowerlike Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 heterojunction system, consisting of 3 D flowerlike Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and RGO sheets, was synthesized by a one-pot in situ photoassisted method under visible-light irradiation, which was achieved without the addition of surfactant or a structure-directing reagent. For the first time, Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 is demonstrated to act as a hydrogen evolving catalyst rather than being used as an oxygen evolving photoanode. In particular, 3 D flowerlike Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 anchored to RGO nanosheets is shown to possess dramatically improved photocatalytic activity. This enhanced photoactivity is mainly due to the staggered type II heterojunction system, in which photoinduced electrons from 3 D flowerlike Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 transfer to the RGO sheets and result in decreased charge recombination, as evidenced by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The band gap of Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 was calculated to be 2.35 eV by the Kubelka-Munk method. Again, the Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 semiconductor displays n-type behavior, as observed from Mott-Schottky measurements. These RGO-Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 conjugates are active in the visible range of solar light for water splitting and textile dye degradation, and can be used towards the development of greener and cheaper photocatalysts by exploiting solar light. © 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  6. Calculation of optical properties of dental composites as a basis for determining color impression and penetration depth of laser light

    Science.gov (United States)

    Weniger, Kirsten K.; Muller, Gerhard J.

    2005-03-01

    In order to achieve esthetic dental restorations, there should be no visible difference between restorative material and treated teeth. This requires a match of the optical properties of both restorative material and natural teeth. These optical properties are determined by absorption and scattering of light emerging not only on the surface but also inside the material. Investigating different dental composites in several shades, a method has been developed to calculate the optical parameters absorption coefficient μa, scattering coefficient μs, anisotropy factor g and reduced scattering coefficient μs'. The method includes sample preparation and measurements of transmittance and reflectance in an integrating sphere spectrometer, followed by inverse Monte Carlo simulations. Determination of optical properties is more precise and comprehensive than with the previously used Kubelka Munk theory because scattering can be looked at separated into pure scattering with the scattering coefficient μs and its direction with the anisotropy factor g. Moreover the use of the inverse Monte Carlo simulation not only minimizes systematic errors and considers the scattering phase function, but also takes into account the measuring geometry. The compilation of a data pool of optical parameters now enables the application of further calculation models as a basis for optimization of the composition of new materials. For example, a prediction of the general color impression for multiple layers can be carried out as well as the calculation of the wavelength dependent penetration depths of light with regard to photo polymerization. Further applications are possible in the area of laser ablation.

  7. Bulk monocrystal growth, optical, dielectric, third order nonlinear, thermal and mechanical studies on HCl added L-alanine: An organic NLO material

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shkir, Mohd, E-mail: shkirphysics@gmail.com [Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha (Saudi Arabia); Yahia, I.S., E-mail: dr_isyahia@yahoo.com [Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha (Saudi Arabia); Nano-Science & Semiconductor Labs, Physics Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo (Egypt); Al-Qahtani, A.M.A. [Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha (Saudi Arabia)

    2016-12-01

    In the current work, good quality bulk size (∼32 mm × 23 mm × 10 mm) single crystals of HCl added L-alanine with well-defined morphology are successfully grown using slow evaporation technique. Crystal structure and other structural parameters were evaluated from X-ray diffraction data. Vibrational assessment of the grown crystal was done by FT-Raman analysis. The presence of chlorine and good quality of the grown crystal was confirmed by SEM/EDX analysis. Solid state UV–Vis–NIR diffused reflectance was measured and direct and indirect optical band gap was calculated using Kubelka-Munk relation and found to be 5.64 and 5 eV respectively. Dielectric measurement was carried out in high frequency range. Third order nonlinear optical susceptibility value was found to be enhanced from 1.91 × 10{sup −6} (pure) to 8.6 × 10{sup −6} esu (LAHCl). Good thermal stability of grown crystals was confirmed from DSC analysis. The enhancement in mechanical strength and crystalline perfection was also observed. - Highlights: • Bulk size (32 mm × 23 mm × 10 mm), good crystalline perfection HCl added L-alanine monocrystal is grown. • The shift in X-ray diffraction and vibrational peaks confirms the interaction of HCl. • The high optical transparency and band gap confirms its application in optoelectronic devices. • Third order NLO properties are found to be enhanced in HCl added L-alanine crystals. • The mechanical strength of the grown crystals is found to be enhanced due HCl addition.

  8. Flux synthesis, modulated crystal structures, and physical properties of REMn0.5SeO (RE = La, Ce)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Peschke, Simon; Johrendt, Dirk; Nitsche, Fabian

    2015-01-01

    The selenide oxides REMn 0.5 SeO (RE = La, Ce) were synthesized by heating RE 2 O 3 , RE, Mn, and Se in a NaI/KI flux at 800 C, and their modulated crystal structures determined by X-ray single crystal and powder diffraction {P 1 1 2/n(αβ1/2)0s, Z = 2, LaMn 0.5 SeO: a = 405.7(1), b = 405.7(1), c = 915.2(1) pm, γ = 90 , q = [1/10, -1/10, 1/2]; CeMn 0.5 SeO: a = 402.0(1), b = 401.8(1), c = 910.7(1) pm, γ = 90.000(4) , q = [0.0789(2), -0.0783(2), 1/2]}. The structures are related to the ZrCuSiAs-type structure with ordered vacancies at the manganese sites. The resulting modulations of the checkerboard pattern in the [Mn 0.5 Se] layers can be approximated by 10a x 10b x 2c and 51a x 51b x 2c supercells in LaMn 0.5 SeO and CeMn 0.5 SeO, respectively. Both compounds are insulators. The optical bandgap of LaMn 0.5 SeO was determined to 2.13 eV from the Kubelka-Munk function. Magnetic measurements indicate antiferromagnetic ordering of the Mn 2+ moments with Neel points well above room temperature, as known from related manganese compounds. (Copyright copyright 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  9. The timescale and extent of thermal expansion of the global ocean due to climate change

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. Marčelja

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available With recently improved instrumental accuracy, the change in the heat content of the oceans and the corresponding contribution to the change of the sea level can be determined from in situ measurements of temperature variation with depth. Nevertheless, it would be favourable if the same changes could be evaluated from just the sea surface temperatures because the past record could then be reconstructed and future scenarios explored. Using a single column model we show that the average change in the heat content of the oceans and the corresponding contribution to a global change in the sea level can be evaluated from the past sea surface temperatures. The calculation is based on the time-dependent diffusion equation with the known fixed average upwelling velocity and eddy diffusivity, as determined from the steady-state limit. In this limit, the model reduces to the 1966 Munk profile of the potential temperature variation as a function of depth.

    There are no adjustable parameters in the calculation and the results are in good agreement with the estimates obtained from the in situ data. The method allows us to obtain relevant timescales and average temperature profiles. The evaluation of the thermosteric sea level change is extended back to the beginning of accurate sea surface temperature records. The changes in sea surface temperature from 1880 until the present time are estimated to have produced a thermosteric sea level rise of 35 mm. Application to future IPCC scenarios gives results similar to the average prediction of more complex climate models.

  10. Effects of Surface BRDF on the OMI Cloud and NO2 Retrievals: A New Approach Based on Geometry-Dependent Lambertian Equivalent Reflectivity (GLER) Derived from MODIS

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vasilkov, Alexander; Qin, Wenhan; Krotkov, Nickolay; Lamsal, Lok; Spurr, Robert; Haffner, David; Joiner, Joanna; Yang, Eun-Su; Marchenko, Sergey

    2017-01-01

    The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) cloud and NO2 algorithms use a monthly gridded surface reflectivity climatology that does not depend upon the observation geometry. In reality, reflection of incoming direct and diffuse solar light from land or ocean surfaces is sensitive to the sun sensor geometry. This dependence is described by the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). To account for the BRDF, we propose to use a new concept of geometry-dependent Lambertian equivalent reflectivity (GLER). Implementation within the existing OMI cloud and NO2 retrieval infrastructure requires changes only to the input surface reflectivity database. GLER is calculated using a vector radiative transfer model with high spatial resolution BRDF information from MODIS over land and the Cox Munk slope distribution over ocean with a contribution from water-leaving radiance. We compare GLER and climatological LER at 466 nm, which is used in the OMI O2-O2cloud algorithm to derive effective cloud fractions. A detailed comparison of the cloud fractions and pressures derived with climatological and GLERs is carried out. GLER and corresponding retrieved cloud products are then used as input to the OMI NO2 algorithm. We find that replacing the climatological OMI-based LERs with GLERs can increase NO2 vertical columns by up to 50 % in highly polluted areas; the differences include both BRDF effects and biases between the MODIS and OMI-based surface reflectance data sets. Only minor changes to NO2 columns (within 5 %) are found over unpolluted and overcast areas.

  11. Ocean acoustic tomography

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cornuelle, Bruce D; Worcester, Peter F; Dzieciuch, Matthew A

    2008-01-01

    Ocean acoustic tomography (OAT) was proposed in 1979 by Walter Munk and Carl Wunsch as an analogue to x-ray computed axial tomography for the oceans. The oceans are opaque to most electromagnetic radiation, but there is a strong acoustic waveguide, and sound can propagate for 10 Mm and more with distinct multiply-refracted ray paths. Transmitting broadband pulses in the ocean leads to a set of impulsive arrivals at the receiver which characterize the impulse response of the sound channel. The peaks observed at the receiver are assumed to represent the arrival of energy traveling along geometric ray paths. These paths can be distinguished by arrival time, and by arrival angle when a vertical array of receivers is available. Changes in ray arrival time can be used to infer changes in ocean structure. Ray travel time measurements have been a mainstay of long-range acoustic measurements, but the strong sensitivity of ray paths to range-dependent sound speed perturbations makes the ray sampling functions uncertain in real cases. In the ray approximation travel times are sensitive to medium changes only along the corresponding eigenrays. Ray theory is an infinite-frequency approximation, and its eikonal equation has nonlinearities not found in the acoustic wave equation. We build on recent seismology results (kernels for body wave arrivals in the earth) to characterize the kernel for converting sound speed change in the ocean to travel time changes using more complete propagation physics. Wave-theoretic finite frequency kernels may show less sensitivity to small-scale sound speed structure.

  12. External Validation Study of First Trimester Obstetric Prediction Models (Expect Study I): Research Protocol and Population Characteristics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Meertens, Linda Jacqueline Elisabeth; Scheepers, Hubertina Cj; De Vries, Raymond G; Dirksen, Carmen D; Korstjens, Irene; Mulder, Antonius Lm; Nieuwenhuijze, Marianne J; Nijhuis, Jan G; Spaanderman, Marc Ea; Smits, Luc Jm

    2017-10-26

    . An impact study for the evaluation of the best obstetric prediction models in the Dutch setting with respect to their effect on clinical outcomes, costs, and quality of life-Expect Study II-is being planned. Netherlands Trial Registry (NTR): NTR4143; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=4143 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6t8ijtpd9). ©Linda Jacqueline Elisabeth Meertens, Hubertina CJ Scheepers, Raymond G De Vries, Carmen D Dirksen, Irene Korstjens, Antonius LM Mulder, Marianne J Nieuwenhuijze, Jan G Nijhuis, Marc EA Spaanderman, Luc JM Smits. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 26.10.2017.

  13. Patients’ perceptions of conservative treatment for a small abdominal aortic aneurysm

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tomee SM

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Stephanie M Tomee,1 Winifred A Gebhardt,2 Jean-Paul PM de Vries,3 Victoria C Hamelinck,1 Jaap F Hamming,1 Jan HN Lindeman1 1Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, 3Department of Vascular Surgery, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Leiden, the Netherlands Background: An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA is a progressive, generally symptomless disease that could ultimately result in a fatal rupture. Current guidelines advise conservative follow-up, and preventive surgical repair once the risk of rupture outweighs the cost of repair (55 mm in men. In developed countries, the majority of patients are diagnosed with AAAs less than 55 mm, and so enter a period of conservative surveillance. An important question is how patients perceive and cope with risk of rupture, AAA diagnosis and treatment, and presented AAA information. The goal of this study was to gain insight into patients’ perceptions of conservative treatment for a small AAA to increase patient satisfaction.Methods: We conducted semistructured in-depth interviews and used questionnaires measuring health-related quality of life (RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0, illness-perceptions (Illness Perception Questionnaire – Revised, and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Interviews were audio recorded and transcript contents were analyzed based on grounded theory. Mean scores of the questionnaires were compared to (population reference groups.Results: This study included ten male patients under surveillance for a small AAA from two hospitals in the Netherlands. Patients expressed no fear for AAA rupture, and also reported low levels of anxiety and depression in both the interviews and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The presence of an AAA did not affect their social life or emotional well-being. The reported poorer physical health on RAND 36

  14. Synthesis of fly ash based core-shell composites for use as functional pigment in paints

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sharma, Richa; Tiwari, Sangeeta

    2016-04-01

    Fly ash is a combustion residue, mainly composed of silica, alumina and iron oxides. It is produced by the power industries in very large amounts and usually disposed in landfills, which have represented an environmental problem in recent years1. The need to generate a market for fly ash consumption is the main reason why alternative applications have been studied. It has been applied as an additive in construction materials like cement and pavements2. The present work describes the synthesis of Flyash-Titania core-shell particles by precipitation technique using Titanium tetra isopropoxide (TTIP) which can be used for variety of applications such as NIR reflecting materials for cool coatings, Photocatalysis etc. In this work, Fly ash is used in core and Nano -TiO2 is coated as shell on it. Surfactants are used to improve the adhesion of Nano Titania shell on fly ash core. Effect on adhesion of TiO2 on Fly ash is studied by using different types of surfactant. The preparation of core shells was carried out in absence of surfactant as well as using anionic and non-ionic surfactants. The percentage of surfactant was varied to study the effect of amount of surfactant on the uniformity and size of particles in the shell using Kubelka-Munk transformed reflectance spectra. The morphology of core shell structures was studied using SEM technique. Use of anionic surfactant results in more uniform coating with reduced particle size of the shell material. The composite particles prepared by using anionic surfactant are having good pigment properties and also shows good reflectance in Near Infrared region and hence can be used as a pigment in cool coatings.

  15. Disappearance of dielectric anomaly in spite of presence of structural phase transition in reduced BaTiO3: Effect of defect states within the bandgap

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sagdeo, Archna; Nagwanshi, Anjali; Pokhriyal, Preeti; Sinha, A. K.; Rajput, Parasmani; Mishra, Vikash; Sagdeo, P. R.

    2018-04-01

    We report the structural, optical, ferroelectric, and dielectric properties of reduced BaTiO3 samples. For this purpose, oxygen vacancies in BaTiO3 are created by heating these samples with a Ti metal in a vacuum environment at different temperatures. It is observed that with an increase in oxygen deficiencies, the c/a ratio decreases as compared to that of the oxygen treated sample. The ferroelectric properties of the oxygen deficient samples are visibly different as compared to those of the oxygen treated sample. The disappearance of the P-E loop and the anomaly in the temperature variation of the dielectric constant have been observed; however, the structural phase transition corresponding to ferroelectric phase transitions still persists. Thus, it appears that the anomaly in dielectric data and the presence of the P-E loop are getting masked possibly by the Maxwell-Wagner effect. The presence of Ti+3 states in the prepared samples has been confirmed by X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements. The Kubelka-Munk optical absorption shows the presence of extra states below fundamental transition, indicating the emergence of new electronic states within the bandgap, which might be due to Ti+3 states. These new states appear at different energy positions, and with different intensities for different samples, which are reduced in the presence of Ti. These new states within the bandgap appear to modify the electronic structure, thereby reducing the overall bandgap, and hence, they seem to modify the ferroelectric and dielectric properties of the samples. Our results may be treated as experimental evidence for theoretically proposed defect states in oxygen deficient or reduced BaTiO3.

  16. An investigation of multispectral imaging for the mapping of pigments in paintings

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Yonghui; Berns, Roy S.; Taplin, Lawrence A.; Coddington, James

    2008-02-01

    Compared with colorimetric imaging, multispectral imaging has the advantage of retrieving spectral reflectance factor of each pixel of a painting. Using this spectral information, pigment mapping is concerned with decomposing the spectrum into its constituent pigments and their relative contributions. The output of pigment mapping is a series of spatial concentration maps of the pigments comprising the painting. This approach was used to study Vincent van Gogh's The Starry Night. The artist's palette was approximated using ten oil pigments, selected from a large database of pigments used in oil paintings and a priori analytical research on one of his self portraits, executed during the same time period. The pigment mapping was based on single-constant Kubelka-Munk theory. It was found that the region of blue sky where the stars were located contained, predominantly, ultramarine blue while the swirling sky and region surrounding the moon contained, predominantly, cobalt blue. Emerald green, used in light bluish-green brushstrokes surrounding the moon, was not used to create the dark green in the cypresses. A measurement of lead white from Georges Seurat's La Grande Jatte was used as the white when mapping The Starry Night. The absorption and scattering properties of this white were replaced with a modern dispersion of lead white in linseed oil and used to simulate the painting's appearance before the natural darkening and yellowing of lead white oil paint. Pigment mapping based on spectral imaging was found to be a viable and practical approach for analyzing pigment composition, providing new insight into an artist's working method, the possibility for aiding in restorative inpainting, and lighting design.

  17. Tides and Decadal Variability

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ray, Richard D.

    2003-01-01

    This paper reviews the mechanisms by which oceanic tides and decadal variability in the oceans are connected. We distinguish between variability caused by tides and variability observed in the tides themselves. Both effects have been detected at some level. The most obvious connection with decadal timescales is through the 18.6-year precession of the moon's orbit plane. This precession gives rise to a small tide of the same period and to 18.6-year modulations in the phase and amplitudes of short-period tides. The 18.6-year "node tide" is very small, no more than 2 cm anywhere, and in sea level data it is dominated by the ocean's natural Variability. Some authors have naively attributed climate variations with periods near 19 years directly to the node tide, but the amplitude of the tide is too small for this mechanism to be operative. The more likely explanation (Loder and Garrett, JGR, 83, 1967-70, 1978) is that the 18.6-y modulations in short-period tides, especially h e principal tide M2, cause variations in ocean mixing, which is then observed in temperature and other climatic indicators. Tidally forced variability has also been proposed by some authors, either in response to occasional (and highly predictable) tidal extremes or as a nonlinear low-frequency oscillation caused by interactions between short-period tides. The former mechanism can produce only short-duration events hardly more significant than normal tidal ranges, but the latter mechanism can in principle induce low-frequency oscillations. The most recent proposal of this type is by Keeling and Whorf, who highlight the 1800-year spectral peak discovered by Bond et al. (1997). But the proposal appears contrived and should be considered, in the words of Munk et al. (2002), "as the most likely among unlikely candidates."

  18. Profound Understanding of Effect of Transition Metal Dopant, Sintering Temperature, and pO2 on the Electrical and Optical Properties of Proton Conducting BaCe0.9Sm0.1O3-δ.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Handal, Hala T; Hassan, Azfar; Leeson, Ryan; Eloui, Sherif M; Fitzpatrick, Martin; Thangadurai, Venkataraman

    2016-01-19

    This study reports the effect of transition metal (TM) substitution on the electrical and optical properties of BaCe0.9Sm0.1O3-δ (BCS). Concentrations of 5-10 mol % of each of Fe and Co have been doped for the B-site of BCS by citric acid autocombustion method. Powder X-ray diffraction has revealed the formation of an orthorhombic perovskite-type structure. FTIR confirmed a distortion in the lattice upon TM-doping in BCS. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of 1400 °C sintered samples have manifested a higher densification in BaCe0.8Sm0.1Co0.1O3-δ (BCSC10) with a grain size ∼11 μm compared to the parent compound BCS (∼2 μm). Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis showed a water uptake in case of BaCe0.85Sm0.1Co0.05O3-δ (BCSC5), while BaCe0.85Sm0.1Fe0.05O3-δ (BCSF5) did not show a noteworthy uptake of water. TG has also proved that the incorporation of Fe and Co in BCS did not improve the chemical stability in CO2 at elevated temperature. The band gap estimated using Kubelka-Munk model based on the diffuse reflectance data was found to be the lowest for BCSC5 (2.47 eV). However, it increases upon lowering oxygen partial pressure (pO2), which was interpreted by a band structure modifications. Among the samples investigated, BCSC10 sintered at 1400 °C showed the highest electrical conductivity of 0.02 S cm(-1) in air at 600 °C, while its proton mobility appears to be negligible under the investigated humidity atmosphere.

  19. Homogeneous wave turbulence driven by tidal flows

    Science.gov (United States)

    Favier, B.; Le Reun, T.; Barker, A.; Le Bars, M.

    2017-12-01

    When a moon orbits around a planet, the rotation of the induced tidal bulge drives a homogeneous, periodic, large-scale flow. The combination of such an excitation with the rotating motion of the planet has been shown to drive parametric resonance of a pair of inertial waves in a mechanism called the elliptical instability. Geophysical fluid layers can also be stratified: this is the case for instance of the Earth's oceans and, as suggested by several studies, of the upper part of the Earth's liquid Outer Core. We thus investigate the stability of a rotating and stratified layer undergoing tidal distortion in the limit where either rotation or stratification is dominant. We show that the periodic tidal flow drives a parametric subharmonic resonance of inertial (resp. internal) waves in the rotating (resp. stratified) case. The instability saturates into a wave turbulence pervading the whole fluid layer. In such a state, the instability mechanism conveys the tidal energy from the large scale tidal flow to the resonant modes, which then feed a succession of triadic resonances also generating small spatial scales. In the rotating case, we observe a kinetic energy spectrum with a k-2 slope for which the Coriolis force is dominant at all spatial scales. In the stratified case, where the timescale separation is increased between the tidal excitation and the Brunt-Väisälä frequencies, the temporal spectrum decays with a ω-2 power law up to the cut-off frequency beyond which waves do not exist. This result is reminiscent of the Garrett and Munk spectrum measured in the oceans and theoretically described as a manifestation of internal wave turbulence. In addition to revealing an instability driving homogeneous turbulence in geophysical fluid layers, our approach is also an efficient numerical tool to investigate the possibly universal properties of wave turbulence in a geophysical context.

  20. Conventional and microwave combustion synthesis of optomagnetic CuFe2O4 nanoparticles for hyperthermia studies

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kombaiah, K.; Vijaya, J. Judith; Kennedy, L. John; Bououdina, M.; Al-Najar, Basma

    2018-04-01

    Nanosized copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles have been prepared by conventional (CCM) and microwave (MCM) combustion methods using Hibiscus rosa sinensis plant extract as a fuel. XRD and rietveld analysis confirmed the formation of single cubic phase and with crystallite size varying from 25 to 62 nm owing to grain growth after calcination. FT-IR analysis confirms the modes of the cubic CuFe2O4 phase, due to the stretching and bending vibrations. Spherical shaped particles are observed by scanning electron microscopy and the average particle size is found to be in the range of 50-200 nm. The chemical composition is confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The optical band gap energy estimated using Kubelka-Munk function with the help of UV-Visible diffused reflectance spectroscopy, is found to be 2.34 and 2.22 eV for CCM and MCM respectively. Photoluminescence analysis indicates that both samples absorb light in the UV-visible region and exhibit emissions at 360, 376, and 412 nm. Magnetic measurements indicate a ferromagnetic behavior, where both magnetic properties very much influenced by the preparation method and calcination temperature: both saturation magnetization and coercivity are found higher when using CCM and MCM; from 29.40 to 34.09 emu/g while almost double from 224.4 to 432.2 Oe. The observed changes in physical properties are mainly associated with crystallinity, particle size, better chemical homogeneity, and cations distribution among tetrahedral/octahedral sites. The maximum specific absorption rate obtained was 14.63 W/g, which can be considered suitable and favorable for magnetic hyperthermia. This study highlighted the benefits of green synthesis of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles providing better magnetic properties for the platform of hyperthermia application.

  1. Relevant optical properties for direct restorative materials.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pecho, Oscar E; Ghinea, Razvan; do Amaral, Erika A Navarro; Cardona, Juan C; Della Bona, Alvaro; Pérez, María M

    2016-05-01

    To evaluate relevant optical properties of esthetic direct restorative materials focusing on whitened and translucent shades. Enamel (E), body (B), dentin (D), translucent (T) and whitened (Wh) shades for E (WhE) and B (WhB) from a restorative system (Filtek Supreme XTE, 3M ESPE) were evaluated. Samples (1 mm thick) were prepared. Spectral reflectance (R%) and color coordinates (L*, a*, b*, C* and h°) were measured against black and white backgrounds, using a spectroradiometer, in a viewing booth, with CIE D65 illuminant and d/0° geometry. Scattering (S) and absorption (K) coefficients and transmittance (T%) were calculated using Kubelka-Munk's equations. Translucency (TP) and opalescence (OP) parameters and whiteness index (W*) were obtained from differences of CIELAB color coordinates. R%, S, K and T% curves from all shades were compared using VAF (Variance Accounting For) coefficient with Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. Color coordinates and optical parameters were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey's test with Bonferroni correction (α=0.0007). Spectral behavior of R% and S were different for T shades. In addition, T shades showed the lowest R%, S and K values, as well as the highest T%, TP an OP values. In most cases, WhB shades showed different color and optical properties (including TP and W*) than their corresponding B shades. WhE shades showed similar mean W* values and higher mean T% and TP values than E shades. When using whitened or translucent composites, the final color is influenced not only by the intraoral background but also by the color and optical properties of multilayers used in the esthetic restoration. Copyright © 2016 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. The Operational MODIS Cloud Optical and Microphysical Property Product: Overview of the Collection 6 Algorithm and Preliminary Results

    Science.gov (United States)

    Platnick, Steven; King, Michael D.; Wind, Galina; Amarasinghe, Nandana; Marchant, Benjamin; Arnold, G. Thomas

    2012-01-01

    Operational Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) retrievals of cloud optical and microphysical properties (part of the archived products MOD06 and MYD06, for MODIS Terra and Aqua, respectively) are currently being reprocessed along with other MODIS Atmosphere Team products. The latest "Collection 6" processing stream, which is expected to begin production by summer 2012, includes updates to the previous cloud retrieval algorithm along with new capabilities. The 1 km retrievals, based on well-known solar reflectance techniques, include cloud optical thickness, effective particle radius, and water path, as well as thermodynamic phase derived from a combination of solar and infrared tests. Being both global and of high spatial resolution requires an algorithm that is computationally efficient and can perform over all surface types. Collection 6 additions and enhancements include: (i) absolute effective particle radius retrievals derived separately from the 1.6 and 3.7 !-lm bands (instead of differences relative to the standard 2.1 !-lm retrieval), (ii) comprehensive look-up tables for cloud reflectance and emissivity (no asymptotic theory) with a wind-speed interpolated Cox-Munk BRDF for ocean surfaces, (iii) retrievals for both liquid water and ice phases for each pixel, and a subsequent determination of the phase based, in part, on effective radius retrieval outcomes for the two phases, (iv) new ice cloud radiative models using roughened particles with a specified habit, (v) updated spatially-complete global spectral surface albedo maps derived from MODIS Collection 5, (vi) enhanced pixel-level uncertainty calculations incorporating additional radiative error sources including the MODIS L1 B uncertainty index for assessing band and scene-dependent radiometric uncertainties, (v) and use of a new 1 km cloud top pressure/temperature algorithm (also part of MOD06) for atmospheric corrections and low cloud non-unity emissivity temperature adjustments.

  3. Accounting for the Effects of Surface BRDF on Satellite Cloud and Trace-Gas Retrievals: A New Approach Based on Geometry-Dependent Lambertian-Equivalent Reflectivity Applied to OMI Algorithms

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vasilkov, Alexander; Qin, Wenhan; Krotkov, Nickolay; Lamsal, Lok; Spurr, Robert; Haffner, David; Joiner, Joanna; Yang, Eun-Su; Marchenko, Sergey

    2017-01-01

    Most satellite nadir ultraviolet and visible cloud, aerosol, and trace-gas algorithms make use of climatological surface reflectivity databases. For example, cloud and NO2 retrievals for the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) use monthly gridded surface reflectivity climatologies that do not depend upon the observation geometry. In reality, reflection of incoming direct and diffuse solar light from land or ocean surfaces is sensitive to the sun-sensor geometry. This dependence is described by the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). To account for the BRDF, we propose to use a new concept of geometry-dependent Lambertian equivalent reflectivity (LER). Implementation within the existing OMI cloud and NO2 retrieval infrastructure requires changes only to the input surface reflectivity database. The geometry-dependent LER is calculated using a vector radiative transfer model with high spatial resolution BRDF information from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) over land and the Cox-Munk slope distribution over ocean with a contribution from water-leaving radiance. We compare the geometry-dependent and climatological LERs for two wavelengths, 354 and 466 nm, that are used in OMI cloud algorithms to derive cloud fractions. A detailed comparison of the cloud fractions and pressures derived with climatological and geometry-dependent LERs is carried out. Geometry-dependent LER and corresponding retrieved cloud products are then used as inputs to our OMI NO2 algorithm. We find that replacing the climatological OMI-based LERs with geometry-dependent LERs can increase NO2 vertical columns by up to 50% in highly polluted areas; the differences include both BRDF effects and biases between the MODIS and OMI-based surface reflectance data sets. Only minor changes to NO2 columns (within 5 %) are found over unpolluted and overcast areas.

  4. Accounting for the effects of surface BRDF on satellite cloud and trace-gas retrievals: a new approach based on geometry-dependent Lambertian equivalent reflectivity applied to OMI algorithms

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vasilkov, Alexander; Qin, Wenhan; Krotkov, Nickolay; Lamsal, Lok; Spurr, Robert; Haffner, David; Joiner, Joanna; Yang, Eun-Su; Marchenko, Sergey

    2017-01-01

    Most satellite nadir ultraviolet and visible cloud, aerosol, and trace-gas algorithms make use of climatological surface reflectivity databases. For example, cloud and NO2 retrievals for the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) use monthly gridded surface reflectivity climatologies that do not depend upon the observation geometry. In reality, reflection of incoming direct and diffuse solar light from land or ocean surfaces is sensitive to the sun-sensor geometry. This dependence is described by the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). To account for the BRDF, we propose to use a new concept of geometry-dependent Lambertian equivalent reflectivity (LER). Implementation within the existing OMI cloud and NO2 retrieval infrastructure requires changes only to the input surface reflectivity database. The geometry-dependent LER is calculated using a vector radiative transfer model with high spatial resolution BRDF information from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) over land and the Cox-Munk slope distribution over ocean with a contribution from water-leaving radiance. We compare the geometry-dependent and climatological LERs for two wavelengths, 354 and 466 nm, that are used in OMI cloud algorithms to derive cloud fractions. A detailed comparison of the cloud fractions and pressures derived with climatological and geometry-dependent LERs is carried out. Geometry-dependent LER and corresponding retrieved cloud products are then used as inputs to our OMI NO2 algorithm. We find that replacing the climatological OMI-based LERs with geometry-dependent LERs can increase NO2 vertical columns by up to 50 % in highly polluted areas; the differences include both BRDF effects and biases between the MODIS and OMI-based surface reflectance data sets. Only minor changes to NO2 columns (within 5 %) are found over unpolluted and overcast areas.

  5. Influence of Zn doping on structural, optical and dielectric properties of LaFeO3

    Science.gov (United States)

    Manzoor, Samiya; Husain, Shahid

    2018-05-01

    The effect of Zn doping on structural, optical and dielectric properties of nano-crystalline LaFe1‑xZnxO3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) samples have been investigated. These samples are synthesized using conventional solid state reaction route. X-ray diffraction patterns with Rietveld analysis confirm the single phase nature of samples. Further, the sample formation has been confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. All the samples are formed in orthorhombic crystal symmetry with Pbnm space group. The average crystallite sizes, calculated from the Scherer’s formula, lie in the range below 50 nm. Rietveld refinement technique is used to determine lattice parameters, bond lengths and unit cell volume. Williamson-Hall analysis has been performed to calculate the crystallite size and lattice strain. Crystallite sizes are found to be of nanometer range while the strain is of the order of 10‑3. Zn doping leads to the expansion of volume due to the tensile strain. Optical bandgap has been determined from Kubelka-Munk function using Tauc’s relation. Zinc doping in LaFeO3 leads to decrease in optical bandgap. Dielectric constant as a function of frequency is measured in the frequency range of 75 kHz–5 MHz. The dielectric behavior has been investigated by analyzing ‘universal dielectric response’ (UDR) model. The dielectric constant (ε‧) shows colossal value with Zn doping in the whole frequency range. However, the imaginary part (ε″) shows relaxational behavior which may be attributed to the strong correlation that exists between conduction mechanism and dielectric behavior in ferrites. Cole-Cole analysis has been done that confirms the dielectric material does not follow the ideal Debye theory but shows distribution of relaxation times. The a.c conductivity increases with frequency and with Zn doping due to the increased polaron hopping.

  6. Influence of Li+ charge compensator ion on the energy transfer from Pr3 + to Gd3 + ions in Ca9Mg(PO4)6F2:Gd3 +, Pr3 +, Li+ phosphor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tamboli, Sumedha; Dhoble, S. J.

    2017-09-01

    Phototherapy is a renowned treatment for curing skin diseases since ancient times. Phototherapeutic treatment for psoriasis and many other diseases require narrow band ultra violet-B (NB-UVB) light with peak intensity at 313 nm to be exposed to the affected part of body. In this paper, we report combustion synthesis of NB-UVB - 313 nm emitting Ca9Mg(PO4)6F2 phosphors doped with Gd3 +, Pr3 + and Li+ ions. The phase formation was confirmed by obtaining X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and morphology was studied with the Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra show intense narrow band emission at 313 nm under 274 nm excitation wavelengths. Emission intensity was enhanced when Ca9Mg(PO4)6F2 compound is co-doped with Pr3 + ions. Excitation spectra of Ca9Mg(PO4)6F2:Gd3 +, Pr3 + doped samples shows broad excitation in ultra violet C (UVC) region. Diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), obtained by UV-visible spectrophotometer, measures the absorption properties of the material. By applying Kubelka Munk function on the diffuse reflectance spectra, band gap of the material is determined. PL decay curves were examined which indicates efficient energy transfer between Pr3 + and Gd3 + ions. Charge compensation effect was also studied by co-doping Li+ ion in host. Emission intensity was found to increase with the addition of charge compensator. The prepared phosphor has potential to convert UVC light into NB-UVB. The luminescence intensity of Gd3 + shows remarkable increase when it is sensitized with Pr3 +, and an addition of charge compensator in the form of Li+, show even better results. This phosphor surely has the potential to be used as phototherapy lamp phosphor.

  7. Estimates of the Attenuation Rates of Baroclinic Tidal Energy Caused by Resonant Interactions Among Internal Waves based on the Weak Turbulence Theory

    Science.gov (United States)

    Onuki, Y.; Hibiya, T.

    2016-02-01

    The baroclinic tides are thought to be the dominant energy source for turbulent mixing in the ocean interior. In contrast to the geography of the energy conversion rates from the barotropic to baroclinic tides, which has been clarified in recent numerical studies, the global distribution of the energy sink for the resulting low-mode baroclinic tides remains obscure. A key to resolve this issue is the resonant wave-wave interactions, which transfer part of the baroclinic tidal energy to the background internal wave field enhancing the local energy dissipation rates. Recent field observations and numerical studies have pointed out that parametric subharmonic instability (PSI), one of the resonant interactions, causes significant energy sink of baroclinic tidal energy at mid-latitudes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quantitative aspect of PSI to demonstrate the global distribution of the intensity of resonant wave interactions, namely, the attenuation rate of low-mode baroclinic tidal energy. Our approach is basically following the weak turbulence theory, which is the standard theory for resonant wave-wave interactions, where techniques of singular perturbation and statistical physics are employed. This study is, however, different from the classical theory in some points; we have reformulated the weak turbulence theory to be applicable to low-mode internal waves and also developed its numerical calculation method so that the effects of stratification profile and oceanic total depth can be taken into account. We have calculated the attenuation rate of low-mode baroclinic tidal waves interacting with the background Garrett-Munk internal wave field. The calculated results clearly show the rapid attenuation of baroclinic tidal energy at mid-latitudes, in agreement with the results from field observations and also show the zonal inhomogeneity of the attenuation rate caused by the density structures associated with the subtropical gyre. This study is expected

  8. Structural and photocatalytic properties of iron- and europium-doped TiO2 nanoparticles obtained under hydrothermal conditions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Diamandescu, L.; Vasiliu, F.; Tarabasanu-Mihaila, D.; Feder, M.; Vlaicu, A.M.; Teodorescu, C.M.; Macovei, D.; Enculescu, I.; Parvulescu, V.; Vasile, E.

    2008-01-01

    Iron- and europium-doped (≤1 at.%) TiO 2 nanoparticles powders have been synthesized by a hydrothermal route at 200 deg. C, starting with TiCl 4 , FeCl 3 .6H 2 O and EuCl 3 .6H 2 O. The structure, morphology and optical peculiarities were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), Moessbauer spectroscopy and UV-vis measurements. The photocatalytic performance was analysed in the photodegradation reaction of phenol. Rietveld refinements of XRD patterns reveal that the as-prepared samples consist in iron- and europium-doped TiO 2 in the tetragonal anatase structural shape, with particle size as low as 15 nm. By means of Moessbauer spectroscopy on both 57 Fe and 151 Eu isotopes as well as by EXAFS analyses, the presence of Fe 3+ and/or Eu 3+ ions in the nanosized powders has been evidenced. It was found that iron and europium ions can substitute for titanium in the anatase structure. From the UV-vis reflection spectra, by using the transformed Kubelka-Munk functions, the band gap energy (E g ) of the hydrothermal samples has been determined in comparison with that of Degussa P-25 photocatalyst. A decrease of E g from 2.9 eV found for Degussa photocatalyst to 2.8 eV for the titania doped with 1 at.% Fe has been evidenced, indicating a valuable absorption shift (∼20 nm) towards visible light region. However, the best photocatalytic activity in the photodegradation reaction of phenol was evidenced for the hydrothermal sample, TiO 2 : 1 at.% Fe, 0.5 at.% Eu, in both UV and visible light regions. The photocatalytic activities of iron-doped and iron-europium-codoped samples are high and practically the same only in visible light. The photocatalytic properties in correlation with the structural and optical peculiarities of the hydrothermal samples are discussed

  9. Heat treatment effect on crystal structure and design of highly sensitive room temperature CO2 gas sensors using anodic Bi2O3 nanoporous formed in a citric acid electrolyte

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ahila, M.; Dhanalakshmi, J.; Celina Selvakumari, J.; Pathinettam Padiyan, D.

    2016-10-01

    The effect of annealing temperature on the crystal structure of anodic bismuth trioxide (ABO) layers prepared via anodization in a citric acid-based electrolyte was studied. The samples were annealed in air at temperatures ranging from 200 °C to 600 °C. Characterization of nanoporous ABO layers was carried out through x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-visible (UV-Vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). Effects of heat treatment on crystallinity, morphology and gas-sensing properties were investigated in detail. The XRD measurements showed that a gradual phase change from beta to gamma occurs with an increase in annealing temperature. The beta to gamma transformation occurred between 500 and 600 °C. The changes in the average crystallite sizes of beta and gamma occurring during heat treatment of the ABO layers are correlated with the mechanism of gamma-phase nucleation. During the growth of the gamma phase, the grain size gets enlarged with a reduction in the total area of grain boundary. The pores’ formation and the pore diameter of both anodized and annealed samples were found to be in the range of 50 to 150 nm. The band gap of the ABO layer crystallines was determined using the diffuse reflectance technique according to the Kubelka-Munk theory. Results showed that the band gap of the ABO layer decreased from 4.09 to 2.42 eV when the particle size decreased from 58 to 24 nm. The CO2 sensing properties of the ABO were investigated at room temperature for 0-100 ppm concentration. The variations in the electrical resistances were measured with the exposure of CO2 as a function of time. The maximum value of the response magnitude of 77% was obtained for 100 ppm of CO2. These experimental results show that the ABO layer of nanoporous is a promising material for CO2 sensors at room temperature.

  10. Near room temperature approaches for the preparation of air-stable and crystalline CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gujarathi, Yogini D.; Haram, Santosh K., E-mail: haram@chem.unipune.ac.in

    2016-04-15

    This work demonstrates an exotic role of CH{sub 2}Cl{sub 2} in a formation of stable phase of highly crystalline CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3} perovskite, on a bulk scale. In the first method, a partially-reacted product obtained after co-grinding of precursors viz. CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}I and PbI{sub 2}was sonicated in CH{sub 2}Cl{sub 2} to form pure phase of CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3}. In second method, the precursors in γ-Butyrolactone were treated with CH{sub 2}Cl{sub 2} to form crystalline and phase-pure CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3}. X-ray Diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of stable and highly crystalline tetragonal phase of CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3} perovskite having space group I4cm. Well-defined rhombo-hexagonal dodecahedron crystals were seen in SEM and TEM images. Exceptional air stability of CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3} so forms are attributed to adsorption of CH{sub 2}Cl{sub 2}. Optical band gaps obtained from the diffused reflectance spectra (Kubelka–Munk analysis), matched very well with the one estimated from Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). Valence band and conduction band edge positions estimated from the CV analysis are in good agreement with the one reported from UV photoelectron spectroscopy. Both the samples gave steady state fluorescence at ca. 750 nm with quantum yields in the range 15–35.5%. - Highlights: • A role of CH{sub 2}Cl{sub 2} is brought out in formation of stable CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3} perovskite. • Cyclic voltammetry has been used to estimate the band edge positions. • Excellent fluorescence quantum yield, underlines the minimal structural defects.

  11. The role of the temperature in the morphology and properties of zinc oxide structures obtained by electrosynthesis in aqueous solution

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jaffry, U.; Mazario, E. [Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Lemus, J. [CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro (Portugal); Rivero, M.; Muñoz-Bonilla, A. [Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Herrasti, P., E-mail: pilar.herrasti@uam.es [Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, 28049 Madrid (Spain)

    2016-09-15

    Herein, ZnO micro and nanostructures were synthesized by an electrochemical method in aqueous solution employing NaCl as the electrolyte. Different parameters influencing the synthesis process, i.e. current intensity, reaction time and temperature, were investigated. From this, it was concluded that the productivity of the reaction increases with longer reaction time, whereas the use of higher current intensity augments the specific energy consumption. On the other hand, the increase in temperature seems to exert a negative effect. The characterization of the resulting materials by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that a mixture of Zn(OH){sub 2} and ZnO crystalline structures is formed directly from the synthesis procedure. The content of Zn(OH){sub 2} phase in the sample decreases as the temperature of the synthesis increases, this fact indicates that the low productivity obtained at higher temperatures is related to the nature of the resulting material. Thermal annealing of the samples containing both phases prepared following synthesis allows the phase transformation from Zn(OH){sub 2} to pure ZnO structures. The band gap energies of the ZnO materials were determined by diffuse reflectance measurements according to the Kubelka Munk theory, revealing low values in all the cases which were highly dependent on the size of crystals within the materials. The photocatalytic properties of the pure ZnO samples post calcination were investigated by the decomposition of an organic dye under UV light irradiation. The results show the beneficial photocatalytic properties of the samples that had undergone calcination, these were superior in comparison to those prepared at room temperature which mainly consisted of Zn(OH){sub 2}. - Highlights: • ZnO micro and nanostructures were synthesized by an electrochemical method. • Increasing the applied current and synthesis temperature augments the specific energy

  12. GOCI Yonsei Aerosol Retrieval (YAER) Algorithm and Validation During the DRAGON-NE Asia 2012 Campaign

    Science.gov (United States)

    Choi, Myungje; Kim, Jhoon; Lee, Jaehwa; Kim, Mijin; Park, Young-Je; Jeong, Ukkyo; Kim, Woogyung; Hong, Hyunkee; Holben, Brent; Eck, Thomas F.; hide

    2016-01-01

    The Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) onboard the Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) is the first multi-channel ocean color imager in geostationary orbit. Hourly GOCI top-of-atmosphere radiance has been available for the retrieval of aerosol optical properties over East Asia since March 2011. This study presents improvements made to the GOCI Yonsei Aerosol Retrieval (YAER) algorithm together with validation results during the Distributed Regional Aerosol Gridded Observation Networks - Northeast Asia 2012 campaign (DRAGONNE Asia 2012 campaign). The evaluation during the spring season over East Asia is important because of high aerosol concentrations and diverse types of Asian dust and haze. Optical properties of aerosol are retrieved from the GOCI YAER algorithm including aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm, fine-mode fraction (FMF) at 550 nm, single-scattering albedo (SSA) at 440 nm, Angstrom exponent (AE) between 440 and 860 nm, and aerosol type. The aerosol models are created based on a global analysis of the Aerosol Robotic Networks (AERONET) inversion data, and covers a broad range of size distribution and absorptivity, including nonspherical dust properties. The Cox-Munk ocean bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model is used over ocean, and an improved minimum reflectance technique is used over land. Because turbid water is persistent over the Yellow Sea, the land algorithm is used for such cases. The aerosol products are evaluated against AERONET observations and MODIS Collection 6 aerosol products retrieved from Dark Target (DT) and Deep Blue (DB) algorithms during the DRAGON-NE Asia 2012 campaign conducted from March to May 2012. Comparison of AOD from GOCI and AERONET resulted in a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.881 and a linear regression equation with GOCI AOD = 1.083 x AERONET AOD - 0.042. The correlation between GOCI and MODIS AODs is higher over ocean than land. GOCI AOD shows better agreement

  13. [Treatment choice in dacryostenosis based on single-photon emission computed tomography and X-ray computed tomography findings].

    Science.gov (United States)

    At'kova, E L; Yartsev, V D; Tomashevskiy, I O; Krakhovetskiy, N N

    2016-01-01

    To develop surgical indications in dacryostenosis within the vertical portion of lacrimal pathways that would consider findings of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) combined with X-ray computed tomography (CT). A total of 96 patients with isolated vertical-portion dacryostenosis (127 cases) were enrolled. The examination included collecting Munk's scores for epiphora, optical coherence tomography of the lower tear meniscus, lacrimal scintigraphy, and SPECT/CT. Group 1 (40 cases) was composed of patients with lacrimal obstruction on CT, group 2 (87 cases) - of those whose lacrimal pathways proved passable. There were also 3 patients (4 cases) from group 1, whose lacrimal pathways, despite being blocked on CT, were still passable on SPECT. Surgeries performed in group 1 were endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) (36 cases) and pathways recanalization with bicanalicular intubation and balloon dacryoplasty (DCP) (4 cases). In group 2, all patients (87 cases) underwent recanalization with bicanalicular intubation (supplemented with balloon DCP in 32 cases). Surgical results were evaluated 8-12 months after the treatment. In group 2, particular attention was paid to the concordance in locations of dacryostenosis provided by CT and SPECT scans. Favorable outcomes of endoscopic endonasal DCR were obtained in as many as 32 cases from group 1 (88.9%), while in 4 cases (12.1%) the condition relapsed. Of those patients whose stenosis was not complete on SPECT, 3 cases (75.0%) improved, 1 (25.0%) - relapsed. In group 2, favorable outcomes were obtained in 65 cases (74.7%), relapses were 22 (25.3%). A high concordance in stenosis locations by CT and SPECT was noted in 60 cases of those who improved (92.3%) and 3 cases of those who relapsed (13.6%). The value of information provided by SPECT/CT has proved high in patients with nasolacrimal duct stenosis or obstruction. A combined scan allows to establish causal relationships between anatomical changes

  14. GOCI Yonsei Aerosol Retrieval (YAER) algorithm and validation during the DRAGON-NE Asia 2012 campaign

    Science.gov (United States)

    Choi, Myungje; Kim, Jhoon; Lee, Jaehwa; Kim, Mijin; Park, Young-Je; Jeong, Ukkyo; Kim, Woogyung; Hong, Hyunkee; Holben, Brent; Eck, Thomas F.; Song, Chul H.; Lim, Jae-Hyun; Song, Chang-Keun

    2016-04-01

    The Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) onboard the Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) is the first multi-channel ocean color imager in geostationary orbit. Hourly GOCI top-of-atmosphere radiance has been available for the retrieval of aerosol optical properties over East Asia since March 2011. This study presents improvements made to the GOCI Yonsei Aerosol Retrieval (YAER) algorithm together with validation results during the Distributed Regional Aerosol Gridded Observation Networks - Northeast Asia 2012 campaign (DRAGON-NE Asia 2012 campaign). The evaluation during the spring season over East Asia is important because of high aerosol concentrations and diverse types of Asian dust and haze. Optical properties of aerosol are retrieved from the GOCI YAER algorithm including aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm, fine-mode fraction (FMF) at 550 nm, single-scattering albedo (SSA) at 440 nm, Ångström exponent (AE) between 440 and 860 nm, and aerosol type. The aerosol models are created based on a global analysis of the Aerosol Robotic Networks (AERONET) inversion data, and covers a broad range of size distribution and absorptivity, including nonspherical dust properties. The Cox-Munk ocean bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model is used over ocean, and an improved minimum reflectance technique is used over land. Because turbid water is persistent over the Yellow Sea, the land algorithm is used for such cases. The aerosol products are evaluated against AERONET observations and MODIS Collection 6 aerosol products retrieved from Dark Target (DT) and Deep Blue (DB) algorithms during the DRAGON-NE Asia 2012 campaign conducted from March to May 2012. Comparison of AOD from GOCI and AERONET resulted in a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.881 and a linear regression equation with GOCI AOD = 1.083 × AERONET AOD - 0.042. The correlation between GOCI and MODIS AODs is higher over ocean than land. GOCI AOD shows better

  15. Retrieval and Validation of aerosol optical properties from AHI measurements: impact of surface reflectance assumption

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lim, H.; Choi, M.; Kim, J.; Go, S.; Chan, P.; Kasai, Y.

    2017-12-01

    This study attempts to retrieve the aerosol optical properties (AOPs) based on the spectral matching method, with using three visible and one near infrared channels (470, 510, 640, 860nm). This method requires the preparation of look-up table (LUT) approach based on the radiative transfer modeling. Cloud detection is one of the most important processes for guaranteed quality of AOPs. Since the AHI has several infrared channels, which are very advantageous for cloud detection, clouds can be removed by using brightness temperature difference (BTD) and spatial variability test. The Yonsei Aerosol Retrieval (YAER) algorithm is basically utilized on a dark surface, therefore a bright surface (e.g., desert, snow) should be removed first. Then we consider the characteristics of the reflectance of land and ocean surface using three visible channels. The known surface reflectivity problem in high latitude area can be solved in this algorithm by selecting appropriate channels through improving tests. On the other hand, we retrieved the AOPs by obtaining the visible surface reflectance using NIR to normalized difference vegetation index short wave infrared (NDVIswir) relationship. ESR tends to underestimate urban and cropland area, we improved the visible surface reflectance considering urban effect. In this version, ocean surface reflectance is using the new cox and munk method which considers ocean bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). Input of this method has wind speed, chlorophyll, salinity and so on. Based on validation results with the sun-photometer measurement in AErosol Robotic NETwork (AERONET), we confirm that the quality of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from the YAER algorithm is comparable to the product from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) retrieval algorithm. Our future update includes a consideration of improvement land surface reflectance by hybrid approach, and non-spherical aerosols. This will improve the quality of YAER

  16. Development of colorimetric solid Phase Extraction (C-SPE) for in-flight Monitoring of spacecraft Water Supplies

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gazda, Daniel Bryan [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

    2004-01-01

    description of C-SPE and how the individual components of the platform are combined to satisfy many of these requirements is then presented, along with a literature review on the applications of C-SPE and similar sorption-spectrophotometric techniques. Finally, a brief overview of diffuse reflection spectroscopy and the Kubelka-Munk function, which are used to quantify analytes via C-SPE, is presented.

  17. Preparation and characterization of electrodeposited ZnO and ZnO:Co nanorod films for heterojunction diode applications

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Caglar, Yasemin, E-mail: yasemincaglar@anadolu.edu.tr [Anadolu University, Science Faculty, Physics Department, Eskisehir (Turkey); Arslan, Andaç [Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Art and Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Eskisehir (Turkey); Ilican, Saliha [Anadolu University, Science Faculty, Physics Department, Eskisehir (Turkey); Hür, Evrim [Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Art and Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Eskisehir (Turkey); Aksoy, Seval; Caglar, Mujdat [Anadolu University, Science Faculty, Physics Department, Eskisehir (Turkey)

    2013-10-15

    Highlights: •Undoped and Co-doped ZnO films were deposited on p-Si by electrodeposition method. •The effects of Co doping on some properties of ZnO films were investigated. •ZnO morphology was converted uniform multi-oriented rods with incorporation of Co. •Co-doped ZnO nanorod films showed a multi-oriented spear-like structure. -- Abstract: Well-aligned undoped and Co-doped nanorod ZnO films were grown by electrochemical deposition onto p-Si substrates from an aqueous route. Aqueous solution of Zn(NO{sub 3}){sub 2}⋅6H{sub 2}O and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) were prepared using triple distilled water. Two different atomic ratios of Co(NO{sub 3}){sub 2}⋅6H{sub 2}O were used as a dopant element. Electrodepositions were carried out in a conventional three electrode cell for the working electrode (p-Si), reference electrode (Ag/AgCl, sat.) and counter electrode (platin wire). The effects of Co doping on the structural, morphological and electrical properties of ZnO films were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement showed that the undoped ZnO nanorod film was crystallized in the hexagonal wurtzite phase and presented a preferential orientation along the c-axis. Only one peak, corresponding to the (0 0 2) phase, appeared on the diffractograms. The lattice parameters and texture coefficient values were calculated. The nanorods were confirmed by the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) measurements. The FE-SEM image showed that the ZnO nanorods grow uniformly on the substrates, providing a surface with fairly homogeneous roughness. The surface morphology was transformed into uniform multi-oriented rods with incorporation of Co. Co-doped ZnO nanorod films showed a multi-oriented spear-like structure. The diffuse reflectance spectra of the films were measured and the optical band gap values were determined using Kubelka–Munk theory. The van der Pauw method was used to measure the sheet resistance of the films. The sheet resistance

  18. Nonstoichiometry and phase stability of Al and Cr substituted Mg ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by citrate method

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ateia, Ebtesam E.; Mohamed, Amira T., E-mail: atawfik@sci.cu.edu.eg

    2017-03-15

    The spinel ferrite Mg{sub 0.7}Cr{sub 0.3}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4}, and Mg{sub 0.7}Al{sub 0.3}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} were prepared by the citrate technique. All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Micrographs (HRTEM), Energy Dispersive X ray Spectroscopy (EDAX) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). XRD confirmed the formation of cubic spinel structure of the investigated samples. The average crystallite sizes were found to be between 24.7 and 27.5 nm for Al{sup 3+} and Mg{sup 2+} respectively. The substitution of Cr{sup 3+}/Al{sup 3+} in place of Mg{sup 2+} ion initiates a crystalline anisotropy due to large size mismatch between Cr /Al and Mg{sup 2+}, which creates strain inside the crystal volume. According to VSM results, by adding Al{sup 3+} or Cr{sup 3+} ions at the expense of Mg{sup 2+}, the saturation magnetization increased. The narrow hysteresis loop of the samples indicates that the amount of dissipated energy is small, which is desirable for soft magnetic applications. Magnetic dynamics of the samples were studied by measuring magnetic susceptibility versus temperature at different magnetic fields. The band gap energy, which was calculated from near infrared (NIR) and visible (VIS) reflectance spectra using the Kubelka-Munk function, decreases with increasing the particle size. Furthermore, the band gaps were quite narrow (1.5–1.7 eV), hence the investigated samples could act as visible light driven photo catalysts. To sum up the addition of trivalent Al{sup 3+}, and Cr{sup 3+} ions enhanced the optical, magnetic and structure properties of the samples. Mg{sub 0.7} Cr{sub 0.3}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} sample will be a better candidate for the optical applications and will also be a guaranteeing hopeful for technological applications. - Highlights: • Nanoparticles of (Mg{sub 0.7} Al{sub 0.3} Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4}) ferrite are the potential candidates for various

  19. An IODP proposal to drill the Godzilla Megamullion as a step to Mohole

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ohara, Y.; Michibayashi, K.; Dick, H. J. B.; Snow, J. E.; Ono, S.

    2017-12-01

    The year 2017 represents the 60th anniversary of the "original" project Mohole, which was coined by Walter Munk in 1957. Although the project Mohole has not yet been realized, the hard-rock community is now striving hard to understand the upper mantle in a variety of ways. Firstly, the present-day project Mohole, M2M (Moho-to-Mantle) project, will move forward in this September, conducting multi-channel seismic profiling off Hawaii as a site survey. Oman Drilling Project has started last December, and the drilled cores are being described aboard D/V Chikyu from July, this year. Furthermore, the forearc M2M proposal to drill the Bonin Trench forearc mantle was submitted to IODP in April 2016. Being a part of these efforts, we are preparing an IODP proposal to drill the Godzilla Megamullion, the largest known oceanic core complex on the Earth, located in the Parece Vela Basin in the Philippine Sea. A significant fraction of the ocean floor is created in backarc basins, while there have been no single long core of backarc basin lower ocean crust, from which to understand the likely differences in magmatic evolution and crustal structure in this key setting. The opportunity to explore the formation of the backarc basin lower crust and upper mantle is, therefore, an important contribution to understanding the ocean basins. At the same time, a better understanding of the architecture of backarc basin lower crust and upper mantle will greatly aid in the interpretation of the results of ophiolite study, since much of our understanding of the architecture of oceanic lower crust and upper mantle comes from ophiolites, most of which are thought to have at least some arc and/or backarc component. The Godzilla Megamullion is unique in its huge size as well as its development in a backarc basin, a rare tectonic window to study backarc basin lithosphere. The Godzilla Megamullion is prepared for full drilling proposal, with complete bathymetric data, multiple bottom samplings, and

  20. Improved discrete ordinate solutions in the presence of an anisotropically reflecting lower boundary: Upgrades of the DISORT computational tool

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lin, Z.; Stamnes, S.; Jin, Z.; Laszlo, I.; Tsay, S.-C.; Wiscombe, W.J.; Stamnes, K.

    2015-01-01

    speed and accuracy in DISORT3. • Three new types of BRDFs are brought (Ross–Li, RPV, Cox–Munk) in DISORT3. • A revised treatment of the single scattering correction adds an accurate BRDF correction in the post-processing in DISORT3. • Additional efficiency and stability upgrades for beam sources are also made in DISORT3

  1. Vascular quality of care pilot study: how admission to a vascular surgery service affects evidence-based pharmacologic risk factor modification in patients with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Steenhof N

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Naomi Steenhof,1,2 Francesca Le Piane,1 Kori Leblanc,1–3 Naomi R Eisenberg,4 Yvonne Kwan,1 Christine Malmberg,1,6 Alexandra Papadopoulos,5,7 Graham Roche-Nagle4,7,8 1Department of Pharmacy, University Health Network, 2Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 3Centre for Innovation in Complex Care, University Health Network, 4Division of Vascular Surgery, University Health Network, 5Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, 6Victoria General Hospital, Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC, 7Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, 8Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD guidelines recommend aggressive risk factor modification to improve cardiovascular outcomes. Recommended pharmacologic therapies include antiplatelets, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE inhibitors, and HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitors (statins. Purpose: We studied the degree to which patient admission to a vascular surgery service increased the use of these therapies. Patients and methods: The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of 150 patients with PAD admitted to the vascular surgery service at a large Canadian tertiary care hospital. The use of recommended pharmacologic therapies at the time of admission and discharge were compared. A multidisciplinary clinical team established criteria by which patients were deemed ineligible to receive any of the recommended therapies. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs were considered an alternative to ACE inhibitors. Results: Prior to hospital admission, 64% of patients were on antiplatelet therapy, 67% were on an ACE inhibitor or ARB, and 71% were on a statin. At the time of discharge, 91% of patients were on an antiplatelet (or not, with an acceptable reason, 77% were on an ACE inhibitor or an ARB (or not, with an acceptable reason, and 85% were on a statin (or not, with an acceptable reason. While new

  2. Magneto-optical and catalytic properties of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@HA@Ag magnetic nanocomposite

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Amir, Md., E-mail: mdamir01031001@gmail.com [Department of Chemistry, Fatih University, 34500 B.Çekmece-İstanbul, Turkey (Turkey); Bio & Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, 34452 Beyazıt/Fatih-İstanbul (Turkey); Güner, S. [Department of Physics, Fatih University, 34500 B.Çekmece-İstanbul, Turkey (Turkey); Yıldız, A. [Department of Textile Engineering, Namık Kemal University, 59860 Çorlu-Tekirdağ, Turkey (Turkey); Baykal, A. [Department of Chemistry, Fatih University, 34500 B.Çekmece-İstanbul, Turkey (Turkey)

    2017-01-01

    Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@HA@Ag magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) were successfully synthesized by the simple reflux method for the removal of azo dyes from the industrial aqueous media. Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@HA@AgMNCs exhibited high catalytic activity to reduce MB within 20 min from the waste water. The obtained materials were characterized by the means of different techniques. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the single-phase of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} spinel structure. SEM and TEM analysis indicated that Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@HA@AgMNCs were nanoparticles like structure with small agglomeration. TG result showed that the products contained 9% of HA. The characteristic peaks of HA at 1601 cm{sup −1} and 1703 cm{sup −1} was observed by the means of FT-IR spectra of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@HA@AgMNCs. The hysteresis (σ–H) curves revealed Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@HA@Ag MNCs exhibit a typical superparamagnetic characteristic with a saturation magnetization of 59.11 emu/g and measured magnetic moment is 2.45 µ{sub B}. The average magnetic particle dimension (D{sub mag}) is 13.25 nm. In accordance, the average crystallite and particle dimensions were obtained as 11.50 nm and 13.10 nm from XRD and TEM measurements, respectively. Magnetocrystalline anisotropy was offered as uniaxial and calculated effective anisotropy constant (K{sub eff}) is 2.96×10{sup 5} Erg/g. The blocking temperature was estimated as 522 K. The size-dependent saturation magnetization suggests the existence of a magnetically dead layer as 0.793 nm for Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@HA@Ag MNCs. The UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and Kubelka–Munk theory were applied to determine the optical properties of powder samples. The direct optical energy band gap (E{sub g}) values were estimated from Tauc plots between 1.62 eV and 2.12 eV. - Graphical abstract: An illustration for the fabrication of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@HA@Ag MNCs. - Highlights: • The reduction of azo dye such Methylene Blue was instantly completed with

  3. Enhancing Adoption of Irrigation Scheduling to Sustain the Viability of Fruit and Nut Crops in California

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fulton, A.; Snyder, R.; Hillyer, C.; English, M.; Sanden, B.; Munk, D.

    2012-04-01

    Enhancing Adoption of Irrigation Scheduling to Sustain the Viability of Fruit and Nut Crops in California Allan Fulton, Richard Snyder, Charles Hillyer, Marshall English, Blake Sanden, and Dan Munk Adoption of scientific methods to decide when to irrigate and how much water to apply to a crop has increased over the last three decades in California. In 1988, less than 4.3 percent of US farmers employed some type of science-based technique to assist in making irrigation scheduling decisions (USDA, 1995). An ongoing survey in California, representing an industry irrigating nearly 0.4 million planted almond hectares, indicates adoption rates ranging from 38 to 55 percent of either crop evapotranspiration (ETc), soil moisture monitoring, plant water status, or some combination of these irrigation scheduling techniques to assist with making irrigation management decisions (California Almond Board, 2011). High capital investment to establish fruit and nut crops, sensitivity to over and under-irrigation on crop performance and longevity, and increasing costs and competition for water have all contributed to increased adoption of scientific irrigation scheduling methods. These trends in adoption are encouraging and more opportunities exist to develop improved irrigation scheduling tools, especially computer decision-making models. In 2009 and 2010, an "On-line Irrigation Scheduling Advisory Service" (OISO, 2012), also referred to as Online Irrigation Management (IMO), was used and evaluated in commercial walnut, almond, and French prune orchards in the northern Sacramento Valley of California. This specific model has many features described as the "Next Generation of Irrigation Schedulers" (Hillyer, 2010). While conventional irrigation management involves simply irrigating as needed to avoid crop stress, this IMO is designed to control crop stress, which requires: (i) precise control of crop water availability (rather than controlling applied water); (ii) quantifying crop

  4. Infrared Absorption by Atmospheric Aerosols in Mexico City during MILAGRO.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kelley, K. L.; Mangu, A.; Gaffney, J. S.; Marley, N. A.

    2007-12-01

    found as colloidal materials in surface and groundwaters (4). Examples of the IR spectra obtained and variance as a function of time at the two sites will be presented. The spectra are taken in Kubelka - Munk format, which also allows the infrared absorption strengths to be evaluated as function of wavelength. The wavelength dependence of the aerosol complex refractive index (m = n + ik) in the infrared spectral region is determined by application of the Kramers Kronig function. The importance of the aerosol absorption in the infrared spectral region to radiative forcing will be discussed. 1. N.A. Marley, J.S. Gaffney, and M.M. Cunningham,Environ. Sci. Technol. 27 2864-2869 (1993). 2. N.A. Marley, J.S. Gaffney, and M.M. Cunningham, Spectroscopy 7 44-53 (1992). 3. J.S. Gaffney and N.A. Marley, Atmospheric Environment, New Directions contribution, 32, 2873-2874 (1998). 4. N.A. Marley, J.S. Gaffney, and K.A. Orlandini, Chapter 7 in Humic/Fulvic Acids and Organic Colloidal Materials in the Environment, ACS Symposium Series 651, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., pp. 96-107, 1996. This work was performed as part of the Department of Energy's Megacity Aerosol Experiment - Mexico City (MAX- Mex) under the support of the Atmospheric Science Program. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER64328.

  5. Analyses of internal tides generation and propagation over a Gaussian ridge in laboratory and numerical experiments

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dossmann, Yvan; Paci, Alexandre; Auclair, Francis; Floor, Jochem

    2010-05-01

    test the dynamics and energetics of the numerical model, but also to advance the analysis based on combined wavelet and empirical orthogonal function. In particular, we focus on the study of the transient regime of internal wave generation near the ridge. Our analyses of the experimental fields show that, for fixed background stratification and topography, the evolution of the stratification anomaly strongly depends on the forcing frequency. The duration of the transient regime, as well as the amplitude reached in the stationary state vary significantly with the parameter ω/N (where ω is the forcing frequency, and N is the background Brunt-Väisälä frequency). We also observe that, for particular forcing frequencies, for which the ridge slope matches the critical slope of the first harmonic mode, internal waves are excited both at the fundamental and the first harmonic frequency. Associated energy transfers are finally evaluated both experimentally and numerically, enabling us to highlight the similarities and discrepancies between the laboratory experiments and the numerical simulations. References [1] Munk W. and C. Wunsch (1998): Abyssal recipes II: energetics of tidal and wind mixing Deep-Sea Res. 45, 1977-2010 [2] Tailleux R. (2009): On the energetics of stratified turbulent mixing, irreversible thermodynamics, Boussinesq models and the ocean heat engine controversy, J. Fluid Mech. 638, 339-382 [3] Knigge C., D. Etling, A. Paci and O. Eiff (2010): Laboratory experiments on mountain-induced rotors, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, in press. [4] Auclair F., C. Estournel, J. Floor, C. N'Guyen and P. Marsaleix, (2009): A non-hydrostatic, energy conserving algorithm for regional ocean modelling. Under revision. [5] Wunsch, C. & R. Ferrari (2004): Vertical mixing, energy and the general circulation of the oceans. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 36:281-314.

  6. The Role and Place of Governing Angels in Bible

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sayyed hesam aldin Hosseini

    2014-08-01

    also appear in opposition with "human angels" who wants to act as the prosecutor in Divine Throne. The angels are the media through which God revealed the religious law to Moses. (Job 1:2 specifically refers to the presence of angels in the time of revelation to Moses at Sinai that is expressed in Sabeyni's translation of Deuteronomy. However, there is no sign of angels doctrine in official Judaism. (Harold, 1996, vol 2, p. 956 After the periods of captivity (in Babylon we see that the tasks of the angels become more specialized and the literary descriptions of the angels become more appropriate with considering their role and place, whether the angels are righteous or they are considered as evil and Satan. (Najib, B to P The followers of Bible have evaluated the nature of angels differently proportionate to their rank and duty, then some angels have been considered to be made of fire, some others to be faculty like and some to be immaterial while the others being demons. Due to the diverse and varied expressions offered of angels' tasks in Bible, this issue has been dealt with in Bible in more details  and more accurate than Quran. In some cases, some tasks are counted for angels in Bible like teaching language to world nations (Genesis 10: 25 and due to the assignment of contradictive tasks to angels no clear picture is offered of angelic function. The imperfect nature of angels is often emphasized; although they are immortal. (First book of Enoch, 6:15 Their existence is not prior to the creation of the world; they are created on the first day of creation (Book of Job 2:1, or as another source suggests, on the second day. Not only they are unaware of everything but also sometimes they don't have any answer to the questions which are presented to them and they have to confess to their ignorance. (Ezra: 4:51 Of course this matter is due to the usage of metaphoric language and commentators like Antonius Fekri allow the predication of such attributes to angels in

  7. The Role and Place of Governing Angels in Bible

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sayyed hesam aldin Hosseini

    2014-09-01

    also appear in opposition with "human angels" who wants to act as the prosecutor in Divine Throne. The angels are the media through which God revealed the religious law to Moses. (Job 1:2 specifically refers to the presence of angels in the time of revelation to Moses at Sinai that is expressed in Sabeyni's translation of Deuteronomy. However, there is no sign of angels doctrine in official Judaism. (Harold, 1996, vol 2, p. 956 After the periods of captivity (in Babylon we see that the tasks of the angels become more specialized and the literary descriptions of the angels become more appropriate with considering their role and place, whether the angels are righteous or they are considered as evil and Satan. (Najib, B to P The followers of Bible have evaluated the nature of angels differently proportionate to their rank and duty, then some angels have been considered to be made of fire, some others to be faculty like and some to be immaterial while the others being demons. Due to the diverse and varied expressions offered of angels' tasks in Bible, this issue has been dealt with in Bible in more details  and more accurate than Quran. In some cases, some tasks are counted for angels in Bible like teaching language to world nations (Genesis 10: 25 and due to the assignment of contradictive tasks to angels no clear picture is offered of angelic function. The imperfect nature of angels is often emphasized; although they are immortal. (First book of Enoch, 6:15 Their existence is not prior to the creation of the world; they are created on the first day of creation (Book of Job 2:1, or as another source suggests, on the second day. Not only they are unaware of everything but also sometimes they don't have any answer to the questions which are presented to them and they have to confess to their ignorance. (Ezra: 4:51 Of course this matter is due to the usage of metaphoric language and commentators like Antonius Fekri allow the predication of such attributes to angels in

  8. 16th National Congress of the South African Society of Psychiatrists (SASOP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christer Allgulander

    2010-10-01

    of start Sean Kaliski 21. Psychiatric disorders abd psychosocial correlates of high HIV risk sexual behaviour in war-effected Eatern Uganda E Kinyada, H A Weiss, M Mungherera, P Onyango Mangen, E Ngabirano, R Kajungu, J Kagugube, W Muhwezi, J Muron, V Patel 22. One year of Forensic Psychiatric assessment in the Northern Cape: A comparison with an established assessment service in the Eastern Cape N K Kirimi, C Visser 23. Mental Health service user priorities for service delivery in South Africa Sharon Kleintjes, Crick Lund, Leslie Swartz, Alan Flisher and MHaPP Research Programme Consortium 24. The nature and extent of over-the-counter and prescription drug abuse in cape town Liezl Kramer 25. Physical health issues in long-term psychiatric inpatients: An audit of nursing statistics and clinical files at Weskoppies Hospital Christa Kruger 26. Suicide risk in Schizophrenia - 20 Years later, a cohort study Gian Lippi, Ean Smit, Joyce Jordaan, Louw Roos 27.Developing mental health information systems in South Africa: Lessons from pilot projects in Northern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal Crick Lund, S Skeen, N Mapena, C Isaacs, T Mirozev and the Mental Health and Poverty Research Programme Consortium Institution 28. Mental health aspects of South African emigration Maria Marchetti-Mercer 29. What services SADAG can offer your patients Elizabeth Matare 30. Culture and language in psychiatry Dan Mkize 31. Latest psychotic episode Povl Munk-Jorgensen 32. The Forensic profile of female offenders Mo Nagdee, Helmut Fletcher 33. The intra-personal emotional impact of practising psychiatry Margaret Nair 34. Highly sensitive persons (HSPs and implications for treatment Margaret Nair 35. Task shifting in mental health - The Kenyan experience David M Ndetei 36. Bridging the gap between traditional healers and mental health in todya's modern psychiatry David M Ndetei 37. Integrating to achieve modern psychiatry David M Ndetei 38. Non-medical prescribing: Outcomes from a pharmacist-led post

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