Observations of Mercury Flowing along a Trough in a Transverse Magnetic Field; Nekotorye nablyudeniya techeniya rtuti v lotke v poperechnom magnitnom pole

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vulis, L. A.; Jaglenko, V. T. [Akademija Nauk SSSR, Moskva, SSSR (Russian Federation)

1966-11-15

The authors report the results obtained from observations of a steady-state mercury flow along a horizontal trough in a transverse magnetic field. The study of the movement through a magnetic field of a conducting medium with a free surface is interesting from two points of view: it enables one to compare experimental and theoretical results relating to MHD flows of an incompressible fluid, and it provides an approximate model of plasma motion in the light of the well-known hydro-gas analogy for MHD flows. The authors consider the results of experiments carried out with subcritical and supercritical mercury flows for Froude numbers between 0.1 and 3.0, for extremely low magnetic Reynolds numbers and high Hartmann numbers (above 100). The basic parameters of the device are as follows: channel dimensions - 40 x 200 mm, velocity of mercury flow - to 1.2 m/sec, and magnetic induction to 1.2 tesla. Experimental data relating to changes in the local and total level of the fluid are compared with calculations carried out in the one-dimensional approximation for continuous (subcritical and supercritical) flows in ducts of constant and variable cross-section. Detailed characteristics are obtained of the hydraulic jump in the transverse field, its structure and modification, total head losses, etc. The movement of mercury in a duct having insulated walls and electrodes with external resistance is studied. The basic method of observation used was photographic; in addition, the electric (potential distribution, etc.) and hydraulic characteristics were measured. The investigation showed that a one-dimensional calculation scheme satisfactorily describes a continuous flow in a duct (particularly of constant cross-section). A number of particular features inherent in the phenomena considered and caused by the action of the magnetic and electric fields were detected. In particular, a virtually smooth transition (deceleration) through the critical velocity was obtained in a diverging duct when certain relationships held. Limitations associated with the superposition of a magnetic field were established, in addition to the usual hydro-gas analogy. (author) [Russian] Privodjatsja nekotorye rezul'taty nabljudenija stacionarnogo techenija rtuti v gorizontal'nom lotke pri nalichii poperechnogo magnitnogo polja. Izuchenie takogo vida dvizhenija provodjashhej sredy so svobodnoj poverhnost'ju v magnitnom pole predstavljaet dvojakij interes - dlja sopostavlenija rezul'tatov opytov i rascheta MGD techenij neszhimaemoj zhidkosti, s odnoj storony, i v kachestve priblizhennoj modeli dvizhenija plazmy v svete izvestnoj gidrogazovoj analogii dlja MGD techenij, s drugoj storony. Rassmotreny rezul'taty opytov, ohvatyvajushhih dokriticheskie i sverhkriticheskie techenija rtuti v oblasti znachenija chisel Fruda OD -3,0 pri ves'ma malyh znachenijah magnitnogo chisla Rejnol'dsa i bol'shih znachenijah chisla Gartmana (svyshe 100). Osnovnye parametry ustanovki sledujushhie: razmery kanala 40x 200 mm, skorost' techenija rtuti do 1,2 m/sek, magnitnaja indukcija do 1,2 tl. Dlja nepreryvnyh (dokriticheskih i sverhkriticheskih) techenij v kanalah postojannogo i peremennogo sechenija sravnivajutsja opytnye dannye po izmeneniju mestnoj i polnoj vysoty urovnja zhidkosti s raschetom, vypolnennym v odnomernom priblizhenii. Polucheny podrobnye harakteristiki gidravlicheskogo pryzhka v poperechnom pole, ego struktury i modifikacii, poter' polnoj vysoty i dr. V opytah izuchalos' dvizhenie rtuti v kanale s izolirovannymi stenkami i pri nalichii jelektrodov s vneshnim soprotivleniem. Osnovnoj metod nabljudenija - fotograficheskij, narjadu s jetim proizvodilis' izmerenija jelektricheskih (raspredelenie potenciala i dr.) i gidravlicheskih harakteristik. V rezul'tate issledovanija pokazano, chto odnomernaja raschetnaja shema udovletvoritel'no opisyvaet nepreryvnoe techenie v kanale (osobenno postojannogo sechenija). Vyjavlen rjad osobennostej, prisushhih rassmatrivaemym javlenijam i obuslovlennym dejstviem magnitnogo i jelektricheskogo polej. V chastnosti, v rashodjashhemsja kanale pri opredelennyh sootnoshenijah poluchen prakticheski plavnyj perehod (zamedlenie) cherez kriticheskuju skorost'. Ustanovleny dopolnitel'no k obychnoj gidrogazovoj analogii ogranichenija, svjazannye s nalozheniem magnitnogo polja. (author)

Modelling of the Woods-Saxon eikonal function for nuclear elastic scattering; Modelirovanie ehjkonal`noj funktsii uprugogo rasseyaniya v pole potentsiala Vudsa-Saksona

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Luk` yanov, V K; Permyakov, V P; Chubov, Yu V

1999-12-31

The eikonal phase is needed for the analytical calculations for the nuclear scattering in the high energy approximation (E>>U, kR>>1). In this paper we obtain its model expression for scattering on Woods-Saxon potential which with a good accuracy reproduces its behaviour in complex plane which is found numerically. In the case one evaluates explicitly the scattering amplitude using saddle-point method makes the physics more understandable. The numerical amplitudes and cross sections of nucleus-nucleus scattering are compared with exact calculations. (author) 9 refs., 7 figs. Submitted to Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Rossijskaya Akademiya Nauk. Seriya Fizicheskaya

Simulation of << Hot >> particles formation during the accident at the Chernobyl NPP.; Modelirovanie obrazovaniya << goryachikh >> chastits vo vremya avarii na ChAEhS.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kashparov, V A; Ivanov, Yu A; Prister, B S; Zvarich, S I; Protsak, V P; Khomutinin, Yu V; Polyakov, V D; Gudkov, A N; Kurepin, A D; Pazukhin, Eh M [Yinstitut Syil` s` kogospodars` koyi Radyiologyiyi, Kyiv (Ukraine); [Moskovskij Inzhenerno-Fizicheskij Inst., Moscow (Russian Federation)

1994-12-31

Dispersal composition of fuel << hot >> particles formed after oxidation of real Chernobyl nuclear fuel in the air for 3-21 hours at 673-1173 K was obtained. Mechanism of ruthenium particles formation during the accident (with dispersion of nuclear fuel) as a result of ruthenium oxidation, its sublimation, condensation and restoration on materials, presented by the elements of iron group was modelled. Dynamics of relative release of fission products, as well as of transuranium and transplutonium elements from real and modeled << hot >> particles at their high temperature incineration (1273-2273 K) in the inert media was measured.

Modelirovanie rasprostranenija izlučenija v BIKS s učetom anizotropii rassejanjia dlja optimizacii raspoloženjia istočnikov i prijomnikov izlučenija.

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Isaev, M.R.; Oganesyan, V.V.; Húsek, Dušan; Snášel, V.

2017-01-01

Roč. 67, č. 4 (2017), s. 546-553 ISSN 0044-4677 Institutional support: RVO:67985807 Keywords : brain -computer interface * Monte-Carlo simulation * near-infrared spectroscopy * focuses of hemodynamic activity Subject RIV: IN - Informatics, Computer Science OBOR OECD: Computer sciences, information science, bioinformathics (hardware development to be 2.2, social aspect to be 5.8) Impact factor: 0.236, year: 2016 https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=29766803

The Radioisotopic Determination of Diffusion Coefficients and Currents in Natural Waters. Surface Collection of Radioactive Fall-Out on a Large Alpine Lake; Determination par detection nucleaire des coefficients de diffusion et des courants dans les eaux naturelles. Evolution de la surface de collection d'un grand lac alpin pour les retombees radioactives; Opredelenie koehffitsienta diffuzii i skorosti techeniya estestvennykh vod pri pomoshchi yadernogo detektirovaniya. Ehvolyutsiya poverkhnosti sbora radioaktivnykh osadkov na bol'shom al'pijskom ozere; Determinacion por deteccion nuclear de los coeficientes de difusion y de las corrientes en las aguas naturales evolucion de la superficie de captacion de un gran lago alpino para las precipitaciones radiactivas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chesselet, R.; Nordemann, D. [Service d' Electronique Physique, Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France); Dussart, B. [Centre de Recherches Hydrobiologiques, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)

1963-08-15

precipitacione s radiactivas debidas a las explosiones nucleares en la atmosfera (octubre de 1961-enero de 1962). Midieron diariamente la radiactividad en muestras de agua del lago Leman tomadas a 0, 10 y 20 m de profundidad y en un colector de precipitaciones atmosfericas secas y humedas. A pesar de la complejidad del regimen de aportaciones en funcion del tiempo, la inter- pretacion de los diagramas obtenidos puede contribuir a resolver el problema del destino de los productos radiactivos en las condiciones de difusion y de corriente que reinan en la practica. La difusion de productos radiactivos en cantidad muy pequena, unida a la utilizacion de diversas tecnicas de deteccion nuclear de alta sensibilidad, permitiran obtener mas datos sobre la difusion in situ y el movimiento de las masas de aguas naturales. (author) [Russian] Na pervom ehtape avtory vyzvali diffuziyu ''in situ'' na radioaktivnom izluchatele, natrii-22, v vide Na{sup +}, s aktivnost'yu nizhe 1 millikyuri. Zakony diffuzii, primenennye v ehtom sluchae, legko pozvolyayut predvidet' skorost' ''radioaktivnogo Oblaka'' vo vremya diffuzii. Takim obrazom, registratsiya aktivnosti v zavisimosti ot vremeni, izmerennaya s pomoshch'yu dvukh nadlezhashchim obrazom raspolozhennykh gamma- detektorov, privela k otsenke koehffitsienta diffuzii dlya ispol'zuemogo izluchatelya i k izmereniyu skorosti techeniya v toj tochke, gde proizvodilos' izmerenie (v dannom sluchae ozero Leman). Na vtorom ehtape v sootvetstvii s geofizicheskim issledovaniem obshchej problemy radioaktivnogo vypadeniya, avtory ispol'zovali nakoplenie radioaktivnykh osadkov, voznikshikh v rezul'tate yadernykh ispytanij, provedennykh v atmosfere v oktyabre 1961 - yanvare 1962 g. Kazhdyj den' bralis' proby vody Lemanskogo ozera na glubinakh O, 10 i 20 m, a takzhe sukhikh i vlazhnykh atmosfernykh vypadenij. Nesmotrya na slozhnost' rezhima nakopleniya v zavisimosti ot pogody, tolkovanie poluchennoj-diagrammy mozhet sposobstvovat' razresheniyu problemy vypadeniya

Disposal into the Sea and into Geological Structures of Wastes Resulting from the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy; Rejet en Mer et dans les Formations Geologiques de Dechets Provenant des Utilisations Pacifiques de l'Energie Atomique; 0423 0414 ; Eliminacion en el Mar y en Estructuras Geologicas de Desechos Procedentes del Uso Pacifico de la Energia Atomica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carritt, Dayton E. [Department of Oceanography, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (United States)

1960-07-01

desecho cuando estan en equilibrio con el agua del mar, y c) la accion reciproca de esos elementos con la fauna y la flora marina, el grado de concentracion o expulsion por organismos marinos en todos los niveles troficos, asi como el periodo biologico de los elementos. (author) [Russian] Praktika, svjazannaja s bezopasnym udaleniem radioaktivnyh othodov, dopuskaet ispol'zovanie chelovekom lish' takih othodov, kotorye imejut aktivnost' nizhe maksimal'no dopustimogo urovnja, i ne prepjatstvuet razvitiju takih resursov, kotorye pri otsutstvii neobhodimosti udalenija radioaktivnosti mogut prinesti cheloveku znachitel'nuju pol'zu. Process bezopasnogo udalenija othodov v ljubom morskom bassejne v nastojashhee vremja ogranichivaetsja nashimi poznanijami nekotoryh storon sistemy, kotoraja vkljuchaet vozvrat radioaktivnyh veshhestv iz mesta zahoronenija obratno v pol'zovanie cheloveka. Iz-za nedostatka neobhodimyh poznanij rassmatrivaemaja v Soedinennyh Shtatah procedura udalenija radioaktivnyh othodov soderzhit mnogo ''raschetov s bol'shim zapasom'' i, hotja jeta procedura schitaetsja konservativnoj, ona ne zrja javljaetsja ogranichitel'noj pri sushhestvujushhem urovne aktivnosti obrabatyvaemyh othodov. Luchshee ponimanie : a) processov turbulentnogo smeshenija v okeanah') fizicheskogo i himicheskogo sostojanija jelementov produktov othodov pri ravnovesii s morskoj vodoj i s) vzaimodejstvija jelementov produktov othoda s podvodnoj biosferoj, rasprostranenija koncentracii ili otrazhenija i biologicheskogo poluraspada jelementov s uchastiem podvodnyh zhivyh organizmov pri vseh troficheskih urovnjah - obespechat osnovu bolee jeffektivnogo i bezopasnogo ispol'zovanija podvodnoj sredy dlja udalenija radioaktivnyh othodov. (author)

Tritium Studies in the United States. Geological Survey; Le tritium dans les etudes entreprises par le Service Geologique des Etats-Unis; Izuchenie tritiya v svyazi s geologicheskim obsledovaniem ssha; El tritio en los estudios del Servicio Geologico de los Estados Unidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carlston, C W; Thatcher, L L [United States Geological Survey, Washington, DC (United States)

1962-01-15

'yu uluchsheniya vosproizvodimosti i otsenki koeffitsientov otdeleniya v raznoobraznykh usloviyakh. Byla vyrabotana sistema, obespechivayushchaya pri obychnoj rabote 75-protsentnoe vosstanovlenie tritiya. Glavnye proekty na mestakh predstavlyayutsya v sleduyushchem vide: 1) Issledovanie pri pomoshchi ritiya pribrezhnoj doliny N'yu-Dzhersi pokazyvaet, chto nizhe gorizonta gruntovykh vod proiskhodit rassloenie vody v zavisimosti ot ee vozrasta. 2) V dvukh razlichnykh geologicheskikh gruntakh byli proizvedeny issledovaniya dlya opredeleniya sud'by radioaktivnykh osadkov tritiya posle ispytaniya termoyadernoj bomby v 1958 godu. 3) Tritij ispol'zuetsya dlya opredeleniya vosstanovleniya vodnykh apasov v tretichnykh peschanikakh podpochvennykh plastov polupustynny h loskogorij Novoj Meksiki. 4) Proizvoditsya issledovanie soderzhaniya tritiya v podpochvennykh vodakh doliny reki Snejk v Ajdakho dlya polucheniya svedenij otnositel'no vozrasta ehtoj vody, skorosti ee techeniya i ego napravleniya. 5) Iskusstvennyj tritij ispol'zuetsya v vide indikatora dlya opredeleniya emkosti podpochvennogo vodonosnogo bassejna vblizi Karlsbada, v Novoj Meksike. (author)

High-dilution on-stream isotopic tracer techniques; Emploi d'indicateurs radioactifs tres dilues pour le controle les courants; Metody primeneniya sil'no razbavlennykh v potokakh izotopnykh indikatorov; Empleo de indicadores radiactivos muy diluidos en el control de corrientes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johnston, W H; Findeis, A F; Vestal, M [William H . Johnston Laboratories, Inc., Baltimore, MD (United States)

1962-01-15

, svyazyvayushchie trebuemye urovni kontsentratsii indikatorov, pribornoe oborudovanie, ehffektivnost' detektorov, trebuemuyu statisticheskuyu nadezh- nost', zhelatel'nuyu prodolzhitel'nost' vremeni, udelyaemogo na izmerenie obraztsa i fona, skorost' techeniya potoka i kharakter radioizotopnogo indikatora. EHti uravneniya predstavleny graficheski i dayut vozmozhnost' legko vybrat' nuzhnuyu dlya togo ili inogo primeneniya kontsentratsiyu indikatora. Razbiraetsya programma vzyatiya obraztsov dlya primeneniya indikatorov v shirokom masshtabe v voprosakh izucheniya ustojchivogo sostoyaniya i pul'siruyushchikh vpuskov. V poslednem sluchae smeshivanie v prodol'nom napravlenii traktuetsya po teorii koehffitsientov vikhrevoj diffuzii. Iskhodya iz nekotorykh predpolozhitel'nykh parametrov, mozhno opredelit' rasstoyanie, na kotorom mozhno obnaruzhit' indikator, i moment, kogda indikator vpervye dokhodit do mesta zamera, v funktsii ot rasstoyaniya mezhdu mestom vpuska indikatora i mestom vzyatiya obraztsa. Dlya mecheniya potokov sil'no razbavlennymi radioizotopami s pomoshch'yu beta-izluchatelej primenyayutsya detektory v vide bol'shikh schetchikov nizkogo urovnya s trubkami, zapolnennymi gazom, fol'ga-potochnye schetchiki i plasticheskie stsintillyatory. Opisyvayutsya novye schetchiki antisovpadenij. Podcherkivayutsya preimushchestva ehkranirovaniya materialami s nizkim atomnym chislom. Ukazyvayutsya novejshie dostizheniya v schete pri pomoshchi ustojchivykh rabotayushchikh na tranzistorakh ehlektronnykh ustrojstv nizkogo urovnya. Opisyvayutsya novyj usilitel' i novyj tunnel'nyj summiruyushchij diodnyj kontur. Dayutsya primery neskol'kikh novykh primenenij sil'no razbavlennykh indikatorov v potokakh dlya razresheniya problemy opoznavaniya istochnika zagryazneniya v rekakh i ruch'yakh. (author)

Universal Instability in a Thermal Plasma Device (Q-Machine); Instabilite Universelle dans une Machine a Plasma Thermique (Machine-Q); Issledovaniya universal'noj neustojchivosti v ustrojstve dlya termicheski ionizovannoj plazmy; Inestabilidad Universal en un Dispositivo de Plasma Termico (Maquina Q)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lashinsky, H. [University Of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)

1966-04-15

uderzhivajushhemu magnitnomu polju. Sootvetstvujushhie bezrazmernye parametry mogut var'irovat'sja v takih predelah, chtoby rezul'taty mozhno bylo sopostavljat' v celjah sravnenija s plazmami, predstavljajushhimi interes dlja termojadernyh issledovanij, i upravljaemaja neustojchivost' mogla by byt' vyzvana sootvetstvujushhim regulirovaniem anodnogo rezhima na plastinah s metallicheskimi okonchanijami putem ispol'zovanija metodov upravlenija anodom, kotorye rassmatrivajutsja vmeste s osnovnoj'teoriej. Pri ispol'zovanii jetih metodov amplituda ascilljacij, mozhet uderzhivat'sja na proizvol'no ustanovlennyh nizkih urovnjah i povedenie neustojchivosti mozhet byt' proslezheno, nachinaja ot nizkoamplitudnogo (e Empty-Set /kT Tilde-Operator 10{sup -3}) ''kvazi-linejno- go'' rezhima, kotoryj harakterizuetsja monohromaticheskim ''zamknutovidnym'' spektrom, do nelinejnogo rezhima, a zatem do slabo-turbulentnogo sostojanija (e Empty-Set /kT Less-Than-Or-Equivalent-To 1) , kotoroe harakterizuetsja iskazhennym ''haoticheskim'' spektrom. Novyj ''rastrovosproizvodjashhij'' metod daet polnuju kartinu razvitija neustojchivosti i perehoda k turbulentnosti. Jeksperimental'no opredelennye osnovnye harakteristiki neustojchivosti, takie kak chastotnye mody, napravlenie azimutal'nogo rasprostranenija, svojstva kogerentnosti, nezavisimost' plotnosti, zavisimost' magnitnogo polja, prostranstvennaja zavisimost' mo- dovoj amplitudy horosho soglasujutsja v kachestvennom otnoshenii s linejnoj teoriej universal'noj neustojchivosti. Jeksperimenty provodilis' takzhe otnositel'no jeffekta dliny stolba na real'nuju chast' chastoty (popravka primerno v 10%) i na voobrazhaemuju chast'. Jeffekt na voobrazhaemuju chast' imeet mesto blagodarja ionnomu dempfirovaniju Landau, i dannyj metod javljaetsja otlichnym sredstvom izuchenija samogo mehanizma dempfirovanija Landau. Rezul'taty jetih jeksperimentov takzhe horosho soglasujutsja s linejnoj teoriej i, krome togo, obnaruzhivajut rjad nelinejnyh jeffektov, takih kak

Anomalous Escape of Ions into the ''Loss Cone''; Sortie Anormale d'Ions dans Le Cone de Pert; Anomal'nyj ukhod ionov v konus poter'; Escape Anomalo de Iones al Cono de Perdid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Galeev, A. A. [Institut Jadernoj Fiziki so AN SSSR, Novosibirsk, SSSR (Russian Federation)

1966-04-15

anizotropija raspredelenija ionov po skorostjam iz-za nalichija konusa poter' privodit k razvitiju korotkovolnovoj neustojchivosti. V svjazi s jetim v rabote podrobno analizirujutsja spektr voznikajushhego turbulentnogo dvizhenija i anomal'nye processy perenosa v neustojchivoj plazme. V lovushkah konechnoj dliny L okazyvaetsja, chto anomal'no bystraja diffuzija chastic v konus poter' privodit k ego zapolneniju i neustojchivost' oslabljaetsja. Jeto pozvoljaet vospol'zovat'sja dlja opisanija turbulentnyh processov perenosa kvazilinejnoj teoriej, dopolnennoj kineticheskim uravneniem dlja spektral'noj plotnosti jenergii kolebanij plazmy. Naibol'shij masshtab raskachivaemyh pul'sacij opredeljaetsja usloviem malosti ih zatuhanija v oblasti torcov lovushki, gde fazovaja skorost' stanovitsja sravnimoj so srednej teplovoj skorost'ju jelektronov. Pojetomu vremja vyhoda v konus poter' za schet rassejanija ionov v osnovnom na krupnomasshtabnyh pul'sacijah sushhestvenno zavisit ot dliny ustanovki ({Omega}{sub H}{tau}-10{sup 5}R{sub H}/L; R{sub H} - larmorovskij radius teplovyh ionov). Vremja vyhoda iz lovushki cherez mag-- nitnye probki opredeljaetsja maksimal'nym iz vremen ({tau}, T Almost-Equal-To L/v{sub i}; v{sub i} -teplovaja skorost' iona). Poluchennye rezul'taty primenjajutsja k ocenke vozmozhnosti osushhestvlenija reguliruemogo termojadernogo sinteza v lovushke s magnitnymi probkami. Pri ocenke ispol'zovalis' znachenija optimal'nyh parametrov lovushki, najdennyh Postom iz sravnenija poter' jenergii iz spokojnoj plazmy v probkotrone, poter' vo vspomogatel'nyh sistemah s summarnym vyhodom jenergii v termojadernoj reakcii. Pokazano, chto vremja zhizni plazmy v takoj lovushke opredeljaetsja vremenem proleta teplovyh ionov mezhdu magnitnymi probkami i nedostatochno dlja osushhestvlenija jekonomicheski vygodnogo termojadernogo sinteza. (author)