Evaluation of Low-Cost Mitigation Measures Implemented to Improve Air Quality in Nursery and Primary Schools.

Science.gov (United States)

Sá, Juliana P; Branco, Pedro T B S; Alvim-Ferraz, Maria C M; Martins, Fernando G; Sousa, Sofia I V

2017-05-31

Indoor air pollution mitigation measures are highly important due to the associated health impacts, especially on children, a risk group that spends significant time indoors. Thus, the main goal of the work here reported was the evaluation of mitigation measures implemented in nursery and primary schools to improve air quality. Continuous measurements of CO₂, CO, NO₂, O₃, CH₂O, total volatile organic compounds (VOC), PM₁, PM 2.5 , PM 10 , Total Suspended Particles (TSP) and radon, as well as temperature and relative humidity were performed in two campaigns, before and after the implementation of low-cost mitigation measures. Evaluation of those mitigation measures was performed through the comparison of the concentrations measured in both campaigns. Exceedances to the values set by the national legislation and World Health Organization (WHO) were found for PM 2.5 , PM 10 , CO₂ and CH₂O during both indoor air quality campaigns. Temperature and relative humidity values were also above the ranges recommended by American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). In general, pollutant concentrations measured after the implementation of low-cost mitigation measures were significantly lower, mainly for CO₂. However, mitigation measures were not always sufficient to decrease the pollutants' concentrations till values considered safe to protect human health.

Propuesta para la medición del impacto de las TIC en la enseñanza universitaria Proposta para medir o impacto das TICs no ensino universitario Proposal for Measuring the Impact of ICT on College Teaching

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gloria Patricia Ávila-Fajardo

2011-04-01

Full Text Available El objetivo general de este artículo es establecer una metodología apropiada que permita medir el impacto de las TIC en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la educación superior (Impactic. El contexto de la investigación se centra en facultades de corte humanístico. La construcción de Impactic se encuentra relacionada con la fundamentación, especialmente en el análisis de los modelos pedagógicos, el proceso de inclusión de las TIC en el contexto educativo y el impacto de la tecnología en el ambiente educativo.Este trabalho desenvolve o objetivo geral de estabelecer uma metodologia adequada para medir o impacto das TICs no ensino-aprendizagem no ensino superior (IMPACTIC. O contexto da pesquisa centra-se em faculdades de tipo humanista. A construção de IMPACTIC fundamenta-se na análise de modelos pedagógicos, o processo de inclusão das TICs no contexto educacional e o impacto da tecnologia no ambiente educacional.The general objective of this article is to define at an appropriate method for measuring the impact of ICT on teaching-learning processes in higher education (IMPACTIC. In terms of its context, the study is centered on faculties in the area of humanities. The construction of IMPACTIC is related to the basics, particularly an analysis of teaching models, processes for incorporating ICT into educational contexts, and the impact of technology on the educational environment.

Evaluation of Low-Cost Mitigation Measures Implemented to Improve Air Quality in Nursery and Primary Schools

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juliana P. Sá

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Indoor air pollution mitigation measures are highly important due to the associated health impacts, especially on children, a risk group that spends significant time indoors. Thus, the main goal of the work here reported was the evaluation of mitigation measures implemented in nursery and primary schools to improve air quality. Continuous measurements of CO2, CO, NO2, O3, CH2O, total volatile organic compounds (VOC, PM1, PM2.5, PM10, Total Suspended Particles (TSP and radon, as well as temperature and relative humidity were performed in two campaigns, before and after the implementation of low-cost mitigation measures. Evaluation of those mitigation measures was performed through the comparison of the concentrations measured in both campaigns. Exceedances to the values set by the national legislation and World Health Organization (WHO were found for PM2.5, PM10, CO2 and CH2O during both indoor air quality campaigns. Temperature and relative humidity values were also above the ranges recommended by American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE. In general, pollutant concentrations measured after the implementation of low-cost mitigation measures were significantly lower, mainly for CO2. However, mitigation measures were not always sufficient to decrease the pollutants’ concentrations till values considered safe to protect human health.

CONTRACTUAL RISKS IN THE NEW ZEALAND CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jasper Mbachu

2014-12-01

Full Text Available While tendering for jobs, a contractor is expected to analyse the various risks in each prospective project and price them appropriately. Contingencies are included in the tender price to cater for the various risks based on their impacts on the project targets and profit margin. Currently in New Zealand (NZ, there is little or no information on the various contractual risks and their mitigation measures. This has led to contractors over compensating or under compensating for risks with costly consequences. This study aimed to establish priority contractual risks in the NZ construction industry, and their mitigation measures. The research was based on a questionnaire survey of consultants and contractors. Descriptive statistics and multi-attribute techniques were used in the data analysis. Results showed 21 risk factors which were segregated into 6 broad categories in diminishing levels of significance as follows: Site conditions, main contractor, pricing, subcontractor, external and client- related risks. Putting tags and conditions to risky price items in the tender bids, and transferring the risks onto other parties were analysed as the 2 most effective out of the 5 key risk mitigation measures identified. Being cautious of the priority risks and application of the identified effective risk mitigation measures could guide contractors and the project team to more appropriately budget for and respond to risks, thereby ensuring more satisfactory project outcomes.

Cost-benefit analysis of alternative LNG vapor-mitigation measures. Topical report, September 14, 1987-January 15, 1991

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Atallah, S.

1992-01-01

A generalized methodology is presented for comparing the costs and safety benefits of alternative hazard mitigation measures for a large LNG vapor release. The procedure involves the quantification of the risk to the public before and after the application of LNG vapor mitigation measures. In the study, risk was defined as the product of the annual accident frequency, estimated from a fault tree analysis, and the severity of the accident. Severity was measured in terms of the number of people who may be exposed to 2.5% or higher concentration. The ratios of the annual costs of the various mitigation measures to their safety benefits (as determined by the differences between the risk before and after mitigation measure implementation), were then used to identify the most cost-effective approaches to vapor cloud mitigation

Structural master plan of flood mitigation measures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Heidari

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Flood protection is one of the practical methods in damage reduction. Although it not possible to be completely protected from flood disaster but major part of damages can be reduced by mitigation plans. In this paper, the optimum flood mitigation master plan is determined by economic evaluation in trading off between the construction costs and expected value of damage reduction as the benefits. Size of the certain mitigation alternative is also be obtained by risk analysis by accepting possibility of flood overtopping. Different flood mitigation alternatives are investigated from various aspects in the Dez and Karun river floodplain areas as a case study in south west of IRAN. The results show that detention dam and flood diversion are the best alternatives of flood mitigation methods as well as enforcing the flood control purpose of upstream multipurpose reservoirs. Dyke and levees are not mostly justifiable because of negative impact on down stream by enhancing routed flood peak discharge magnitude and flood damages as well.

Pollution Swapping in Agricultural Systems: deciding between mitigation measures with conflicting outcomes

Science.gov (United States)

Quinton, John; Stevens, Carly

2010-05-01

Pollution swapping occurs when a mitigation option introduced to reduce one pollutant results in an increase in a different pollutant. Although the concept of pollution swapping is widely understood it has received little attention in research and policy design. This study investigated diffuse pollution mitigation options applied in combinable crop systems. They are: cover crops, residue management, no-tillage, riparian buffer zones, contour grass strips and constructed wetlands. A wide range of water and atmospheric pollutants were considered, including nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon and sulphur. It is clear from this investigation that there is no single mitigation option that will reduce all pollutants and in this poster we consider how choices may be made between mitigation measures which may have a positive effect on one pollutant but a negative effect on another.

A numerical technique to design blast noise mitigation measures

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Berg, F. van den; Eerden, F.J.M. van der

2007-01-01

Large weapons, such as armor, artillery or demolitions, create a high-energy blast wave. It has a low frequency content, typically between 15 and 125 Hz, and can propagate over large distances. As a result it is a relative important cause for annoyance. Mitigation measures need to be close to the

Structural master plan of flood mitigation measures

OpenAIRE

A. Heidari

2009-01-01

Flood protection is one of the practical methods in damage reduction. Although it not possible to be completely protected from flood disaster but major part of damages can be reduced by mitigation plans. In this paper, the optimum flood mitigation master plan is determined by economic evaluation in trading off between the construction costs and expected value of damage reduction as the benefits. Size of the certain mitigation alternative is also be obtained by risk analysis by accepting possi...

Multiple-pollutant cost-effectiveness of greenhouse gas mitigation measures in the UK agriculture

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eory, Vera; Topp, Cairistiona F.E.; Moran, Dominic

2013-01-01

Highlights: ► Multiple-pollutant marginal abatement cost curves can inform integrated environmental policy. ► We incorporated the co-effects on NH 3 , NO 3 − , P and sediment, as monetary values, into the UK GHG MACC. ► Adding co-effects modifies the GHG MACC, though with little impact unless using high damage values. ► Further research is needed on the co-effects of GHG mitigation measures and on damage values. ► Analysis should focus on the co-effects of measures that are slightly above or below the threshold. -- Abstract: This paper develops multiple-pollutant marginal abatement cost curve analysis to identify an optimal set of greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation measures considering the trade-offs and synergies with other environmental pollutants. The analysis is applied to UK agriculture, a sector expected to make a contribution to the national GHG mitigation effort. Previous analyses using marginal abatement cost curves (MACCs) have determined the sector's GHG abatement potential based on the cost-effectiveness of a variety of technically feasible mitigation measures. Most of these measures have external effects on other pollution loads arising from agricultural activities. Here the monetary values of four of the most important impacts to water and air (specifically ammonia, nitrate, phosphorous and sediment) are included in the cost-effectiveness analysis. The resulting multiple-pollutant marginal abatement cost curve (MP MACC) informs the design of sustainable climate change policies by showing how the MP MACC for the UK agriculture can differ from the GHG MACC. The analysis also highlights research gaps, and suggests a need to understand the wider environmental effects of GHG mitigation options and to reduce the uncertainty in pollutant damage cost estimates

State of the art of mitigation and relation mitigation/adaptation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lenstra, W.J.; Van Doorn, J.; Verheggen, B.; Sahan, E.; Boersma, A.R. [ECN Biomass, Coal and Environment Research, Petten (Netherlands)

2009-04-15

This study has the main purpose to make useful information available for the programming of the Knowledge for Climate (KfC) program. The emphasis has been laid on a broad overview of mitigation options and relations, complemented with more detailed information on new or less known options and insights. The mitigation option biomass gets special attention in this study. The production of biomass has many (positive and negative) relations with other elements of the KfC program like space use and adaptation. Recently a global discussion on biomass usage for biofuels has started (food or fuel). Therefore a separate chapter will be dedicated to the sustainability aspects of biomass. An overview of technical mitigation measures with emphasis on the energy supply side is presented. This overview shows the large number of available and innovative options and the vast potential for reduction of the emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) of these mitigation measures. The effectiveness of many mitigation options is strongly dependent on local conditions and implementation issues. A number of innovative mitigation measures such as aquatic biomass and biomass in combination with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) are described in more detail. Biomass for energy has many different forms and applications. It is one of the mitigation options with a high potential, but at the same time it can have negative environmental impacts and might compete with other forms of land use including food production. This makes bio-energy a promising but complex option, which makes careful evaluation necessary. Several examples of multifunctional land use show that by combining functions, synergy can be achieved. This could lead to a reduction of potentially negative impacts and thus easier implementation. Furthermore, novel technologies for reducing or offsetting climate change such as air capture and artificial cooling might have a high potential as mitigation option, but need to be examined before

Modelled impacts of mitigation measures on greenhouse gas emissions from Finnish agriculture up to 2020

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

K. REGINA

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Emission scenarios based on integrated quantitative modelling are a valuable tool in planning strategies for greenhouse gas mitigation. By estimating the potential of individual mitigation measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, resources can be targeted to the most promising policy measures. This paper reports two agricultural emission scenarios for Finland up to year 2020, one baseline scenario (Scenario 1 based on the projected agricultural production levels determined by markets and agricultural policy and one with selected mitigation measures included (Scenario 2. Measures selected for the analysis consisted of 1 keeping agricultural area at the current level, 2 decreasing the proportion of organic soils, 3 increasing the proportion of grass cultivation on organic soils and 4 supporting biogas production on farms. Starting from 2005, the emissions of nitrous oxide and methane from agriculture would decrease 2.3% in Scenario 1 by 2020 whereas the respective decrease would be 11.5% in Scenario 2. According to the results, mitigation measures targeted to cultivation of organic soils have the largest potential to reduce the emissions. Such measures would include reducing the area of cultivated organic soils and increasing the proportion of perennial crops on the remaining area.

Nutrient pollution mitigation measures across Europe are resilient under future climate

Science.gov (United States)

Wade, Andrew; Skeffington, Richard; Couture, Raoul; Erlandsson, Martin; Groot, Simon; Halliday, Sarah; Harezlak, Valesca; Hejzlar, Joseph; Jackson-Blake, Leah; Lepistö, Ahti; Papastergiadou, Eva; Psaltopoulos, Demetrios; Riera, Joan; Rankinen, Katri; Skuras, Dimitris; Trolle, Dennis; Whitehead, Paul; Dunn, Sarah; Bucak, Tuba

2016-04-01

The key results from the application of catchment-scale biophysical models to assess the likely effectiveness of nutrient pollution mitigation measures set in the context of projected land management and climate change are presented. The assessment is based on the synthesis of modelled outputs of daily river flow, river and lake nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, and lake chlorophyll-a, for baseline (1981-2010) and scenario (2031-2060) periods for nine study sites across Europe. Together the nine sites represent a sample of key climate and land management types. The robustness and uncertainty in the daily, seasonal and long-term modelled outputs was assessed prior to the scenario runs. Credible scenarios of land-management changes were provided by social scientists and economists familiar with each study site, whilst likely mitigation measures were derived from local stakeholder consultations and cost-effectiveness assessments. Modelled mitigation options were able to reduce nutrient concentrations, and there was no evidence here that they were less effective under future climate. With less certainty, mitigation options could affect the ecological status of waters at these sites in a positive manner, leading to improvement in Water Framework Directive status at some sites. However, modelled outcomes for sites in southern Europe highlighted that increased evaporation and decreased precipitation will cause much lower flows leading to adverse impacts of river and lake ecology. Uncertainties in the climate models, as represented by three GCM-RCM combinations, did not affect this overall picture much.

Vulnerability Factors and Effectiveness of Disaster Mitigation Measures in the Bangladesh Coast

Science.gov (United States)

Hossain, Md. Nazir; Paul, Shitangsu Kumar

2018-05-01

The major objective of this paper is to identify the vulnerability factors and examine the effectiveness of disaster mitigation measures undertaken by individuals, government and non-government organisations to mitigate the impacts of cyclones in the Bangladesh coast experiencing from Cyclone Aila. The primary data were collected from two villages of southwestern coastal areas of Bangladesh using questionnaire survey and interviews of the key informants. The data were analysed using the descriptive and inferential statistics. This paper reveals that the disaster management measures have a significant role to lessen the impacts of the cyclonic event, especially in pre-disaster preparedness, cyclone warning message dissemination, evacuation and post-disaster rehabilitation. The households, who have access to shelter, find weather forecast regularly and adopted pre-disaster awareness measures are relatively less susceptible to hazard's impacts. The disaster management measures undertaken by individuals and GOs and NGOs help coastal people to save their lives and property from the negative impacts of cyclones. The analysis shows that the NGOs' role is more effective and efficient than the GOs in cyclone disaster management. This paper identifies distance to shelter, participation in disaster training, efficient warning, etc. as the influential factors of vulnerability cyclones. The analysis finds the households as less affected who have adopted disaster preparedness measures. However, this paper concludes that the effective and proper disaster management and mitigation measures are very crucial to shield the lives and properties of the Bangladeshi coastal people.

Vulnerability Factors and Effectiveness of Disaster Mitigation Measures in the Bangladesh Coast

Science.gov (United States)

Hossain, Md. Nazir; Paul, Shitangsu Kumar

2018-01-01

The major objective of this paper is to identify the vulnerability factors and examine the effectiveness of disaster mitigation measures undertaken by individuals, government and non-government organisations to mitigate the impacts of cyclones in the Bangladesh coast experiencing from Cyclone Aila. The primary data were collected from two villages of southwestern coastal areas of Bangladesh using questionnaire survey and interviews of the key informants. The data were analysed using the descriptive and inferential statistics. This paper reveals that the disaster management measures have a significant role to lessen the impacts of the cyclonic event, especially in pre-disaster preparedness, cyclone warning message dissemination, evacuation and post-disaster rehabilitation. The households, who have access to shelter, find weather forecast regularly and adopted pre-disaster awareness measures are relatively less susceptible to hazard's impacts. The disaster management measures undertaken by individuals and GOs and NGOs help coastal people to save their lives and property from the negative impacts of cyclones. The analysis shows that the NGOs' role is more effective and efficient than the GOs in cyclone disaster management. This paper identifies distance to shelter, participation in disaster training, efficient warning, etc. as the influential factors of vulnerability cyclones. The analysis finds the households as less affected who have adopted disaster preparedness measures. However, this paper concludes that the effective and proper disaster management and mitigation measures are very crucial to shield the lives and properties of the Bangladeshi coastal people.

Thailand's Low-Carbon Scenario 2050: The AIM/CGE analyses of CO2 mitigation measures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thepkhun, Panida; Limmeechokchai, Bundit; Fujimori, Shinichiro; Masui, Toshihiko; Shrestha, Ram M.

2013-01-01

Climate change and CO 2 mitigation have become increasingly important environmental issues. Recently Thailand has proposed policies on GHG mitigation such as Thailand’s Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA), which aims at GHG mitigation in the energy sector. This study used the computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, called “AIM/CGE” model, to analyse GHG mitigation measures under emission trading and carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology in Thailand. Results show that the international free emission trading policy can drive more GHG reduction by decreasing energy supply and demand, and increasing prices of emissions. The CCS technologies would balance emission reduction but they would reduce energy efficiency improvement and renewable energy utilization. In the energy security aspect, the policy options in this study would improve energy security, energy import dependency, and co-benefits of GHG mitigation in forms of improving local air quality. Results are also helpful to GHG mitigation policy in developing countries. -- Highlights: •A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model was used to analyze GHG mitigation policies in Thailand. •The CCS and emission trading will increase GHG mitigation in Thailand. •The 30% GHG mitigation target with 50% emission trading will give the best result in GDP. •The share of biomass resource and energy efficiency will decrease with CCS. •The emission trading will play an important role in decreasing fossil consumption and increasing renewable energy utilization

The determinants of private flood mitigation measures in Germany - evidence from a nationwide survey

OpenAIRE

Osberghaus, Daniel

2014-01-01

Public flood protection cannot totally eliminate the risk of flooding. Hence, private mitigation measures which proactively protect homes from being flooded or reduce flood damage are an essential part of modern flood risk management. This study analyses private flood mitigation measures among German households. The dataset covers more than 6000 households from all parts of the country, including flood plains as well as areas which are typically not at a high risk of riverine flooding. The re...

Measuring reporting verifying. A primer on MRV for nationally appropriate mitigation actions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hinostroza, M. (ed.); Luetken, S.; Holm Olsen, K. (Technical Univ. of Denmark. UNEP Risoe Centre, Roskilde (Denmark)); Aalders, E.; Pretlove, B.; Peters, N. (Det Norske Veritas, Hellerup (Denmark))

2012-03-15

The requirements for measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) of nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) are one of the crucial topics on the agenda of international negotiations to address climate change mitigation. According to agreements so far, the general guidelines for domestic MRV are to be developed by Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA)1. Further, the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) will be conducting international consultations and analysis (ICA) of biennial update reports (BUR) to improve transparency of mitigation actions, which should be measured, reported and verified. 2. What is clear from undergoing discussions both at SBSTA and at SBI is that MRV for NAMAs should not be a burden for controlling greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions connected to economic activities. Instead, the MRV process should facilitate mitigation actions; encourage the redirection of investments and address concerns regarding carbon content of emission intensive operations of private and public companies and enterprises worldwide. While MRV requirements are being shaped within the Convention, there are a number of initiatives supporting developing countries moving forward with NAMA development and demonstration activities. How these actions shall be measured, reported and verified, however, remain unanswered. MRV is not new. It is present in most existing policies and frameworks related to climate change mitigation. With an aim to contribute to international debate and capacity building on this crucial issue, the UNEP Risoe Centre in cooperation with UNDP, are pleased to present this publication that through the direct collaboration with Det Norske Veritas (DNV) builds on existing MRV practices in current carbon markets; provides insights on how MRV for NAMAs can be performed and identifies elements and drivers to be considered when designing adequate MRV systems for NAMAs in developing countries. This primer is the second

Brownfield redevelopment as a measure for climate changes mitigation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cizler Jasna

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This paper explores brownfield renewal as a measure of sustainable land use. The aim was to highlight the brownfield redevelopment as a strategy for mitigation of negative effects of climate changes. Emphasis was put on innovative concepts in brownfield redevelopment, which involve land recycling, application of ecological and sustainable solutions. Main case studies are from Austria. Their analysis and evaluation show which concepts and strategies are used in successful redevelopment projects, and which strategies give the best results. This shows that brownfield renewal can have positive effects on regulation and mitigation of climate changes. Finally, guidelines for climate changes accountable and redevelopment will be derived. Research methodology is qualitative and combined, comprising of data analysis, case studies (field work, interviews with relevant actors, analysis of case studies and evaluation according to previously defined criteria, synthesis of results and generalisation and interpretation of results.

GHG emission mitigation measures and technologies in the Czech Republic

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tichy, M. [Energy Efficiency Center, Prague (Czech Republic)

1996-12-31

The paper presents a short overview of main results in two fields: projection of GHG emission from energy sector in the Czech Republic and assessment of technologies and options for GHG mitigation. The last part presents an overview of measures that were prepared for potential inclusion to the Czech Climate Change Action Plan.

Assessment of human thermal comfort and mitigation measures in different urban climatotopes

Science.gov (United States)

Müller, N.; Kuttler, W.

2012-04-01

This study analyses thermal comfort in the model city of Oberhausen as an example for the densely populated metropolitan region Ruhr, Germany. As thermal loads increase due to climate change negative impacts especially for city dwellers will arise. Therefore mitigation strategies should be developed and considered in urban planning today to prevent future thermal stress. The method consists of the combination of in-situ measurements and numerical model simulations. So in a first step the actual thermal situation is determined and then possible mitigation strategies are derived. A measuring network was installed in eight climatotopes for a one year period recording air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction. Based on these parameters the human thermal comfort in terms of physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was calculated by RayMan Pro software. Thus the human comfort of different climatotopes was determined. Heat stress in different land uses varies, so excess thermal loads in urban areas could be detected. Based on the measuring results mitigation strategies were developed, such as increasing areas with high evaporation capacity (green areas and water bodies). These strategies were implemented as different plan scenarios in the microscale urban climate model ENVI-met. The best measure should be identified by comparing the range and effect of these scenarios. Simulations were run in three of the eight climatotopes (city center, suburban and open land site) to analyse the effectiveness of the mitigation strategies in several land use structures. These cover the range of values of all eight climatotopes and therefore provide representative results. In the model area of 21 ha total, the modified section in the different plan scenarios was 1 ha. Thus the effect of small-scale changes could be analysed. Such areas can arise due to population decline and structural changes and hold conversion potential. Emphasis was also laid on analysing the

Tourism and climate change: socioeconomic implications, mitigation and adaptation measures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Utsab Bhattarai

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The relationship between tourism and changing climate has been discussed and studied for a relatively long time in tourism research. Over the past 15 years, more focused studies have begun to appear, and especially recently, the issue of adaptation and mitigation has been emphasized as an urgent research need in tourism and climate change studies. This paper is based on the review of selected articles which discuss the several forms of tourism and climate change and provide recommendations for mitigation and adaptation measures. This review paper assesses the impacts of climate change on the popular forms of tourism such as; mountain tourism, wildlife tourism, adventure tourism, sun/sand tourism; last chance tourism, and describes the extent of tourism vulnerabilities and their implications. The paper concludes that the appropriate adaptation and mitigation measures have to be followed to minimize the risk of climate change while trying to save all forms of tourism. The initiative of this article is to present an overview of the existing literature on the relationship between tourism and climate change in order to establish the current state of corporate and institutional responses within the tourism industry and to set out an agenda for future research. The currency of the review is evident given the recent surge in popular discussion on climate change and its effects on tourism, and the appearance of a broad and disparate array of studies on this topic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12664 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2 2015: 355-373

Assessment of GHG mitigation technology measures in Ukraine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raptsoun, N.; Parasiouk, N.

1996-12-31

In June 1992 the representatives of 176 countries including Ukraine met in Rio de Janeiro at the UN Conference to coordinate its efforts in protecting and guarding the environment. Signature of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change by around 150 countries indicates that climate change is potentially a major threat to the world`s environment and economic development. The project {open_quotes}Country Study on Climate Change in Ukraine{close_quotes} coordinated by the Agency for Rational Energy Use and Ecology (ARENIA-ECO) and supported by the US Country Studies Program Support for Climate Change Studies. The aim of the project is to make the information related to climate change in Ukraine available for the world community by using the potential of Ukrainian research institutes for further concerted actions to solve the problem of climate change on the global scale. The project consists of four elements: (1) the development of the GHG Inventory in Ukraine; (2) assessments of ecosystems-vulnerability to climate change and adaptation options; and (3) mitigation options analysis; (4) public education and outreach activities. This paper contains the main results of the third element for the energy and non-energy sectors. Main tasks of the third element were: (1) to select, test and describe or develop the methodology for mitigation options assessment; (2) to analyze the main sources of GHG emissions in Ukraine; (3) to give the macro economic analysis of Ukrainian development and the development of main economical sectors industry, energy, transport, residential, forestry and agriculture; (4) to forecast GHG emissions for different scenarios of the economic development; and (5) to analyze the main measures to mitigate climate change.

Operational measures for the mitigation of MIC [microbiologically influenced corrosion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Johnson, C.J.

1989-01-01

Although entitled Operational Measure, this section of the workshop encompasses aspects of mitigating MIC by controlling the hydraulic characteristics of a system. In order for operational considerations outside of the chemical treatment program to be effective, the system must be designed, constructed or modified, and maintained with MIC in mind. Since other papers in these proceedings discuss in detail the proper selection of materials, chemical treatments and detection of monitoring techniques, this paper is limited to quidelines for mitigating MIC and its effects by the mechanical design, maintenance and operation of the system. The key concept behind this philosophy is the synergistic relationships among microbes and among microbes and larger biofouling organisms. If the slime formers or other marine organisms can be prevented from attaching to the components, conducive environments for attack by other species is avoided

Mitigation Action Plan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1994-02-01

This Mitigation Action Plan (MAP) focuses on mitigation commitments stated in the Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS) and the Record of Decision (ROD) for the Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1 (NPR-1). Specific commitments and mitigation implementation actions are listed in Appendix A-Mitigation Actions, and form the central focus of this MAP. They will be updated as needed to allow for organizational, regulatory, or policy changes. It is the intent of DOE to comply with all applicable federal, state, and local environmental, safety, and health laws and regulations. Eighty-six specific commitments were identified in the SEIS and associated ROD which pertain to continued operation of NPR-1 with petroleum production at the Maximum Efficient Rate (MER). The mitigation measures proposed are expected to reduce impacts as much as feasible, however, as experience is gained in actual implementation of these measures, some changes may be warranted.

Social and environmental impact of the bioclimatic design; Impacto social y ambiental del diseno bioclimatico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopez P, J. Manuel A; Morrillon G, David; Rodriguez V, Luis [Instituto de Ingenieria de la UNAM, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2000-07-01

This article is about two important scopes of the Bioclimatical Design (BD), the Social scope and the environmental scope. As an introduction, it is justified the importance of this topic through the association of the BD in the context of sustainability with our country's economic model. The analysis is done under the perspective of effects of the BD on social and environmental scopes. In social scope is used the Cost and Benefit Analysis according to social evaluation. In environmental scope, effects in water, air and ground are studied, but the measurement is done according to the emissions reduction of CO{sub 2} on atmosphere because of the earn on energy consumption. The results of the measurement of this effects are related with economical costs and benefits, which may show a general view about economical, social and environmental scopes. As conclusions, interest results are show and this is proposed to incorporate them in the economical politics. [Spanish] En este articulo se tocan dos aspectos importantes del Diseno Bioclimatico (DB), el Impacto Social y el Impacto Ambiental. En la introduccion se justifica la importancia del tema, asociando el DB en el contexto de la sustentabilidad, con el modelo economico que se ha imperado en nuestro pais. El estudio se realiza bajo la perspectiva de los impactos que el DB tiene en el aspecto social y en el ambiental. En lo social, se recurre a la metodologia del Analisis Costo-Beneficio para evaluacion Social, en lo ambiental, aunque se tocan los puntos de impacto en aire, agua y uso de suelo, la medicion del impacto se realiza con base en la disminucion de emisiones de CO{sub 2} a la atmosfera por el ahorro en el consumo de energia electrica. Los resultados de la medicion de impactos se cruzan con los costos y beneficios economicos, para presentar un panorama completo en cuanto a aspectos economicos, sociales y ambientales. En las conclusiones se rescatan los resultados de interes y se proponen las inserciones de

Mitigation Monitoring Plan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1992-09-01

The Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Report (SEIR) (September 1992) for the Proposed Renewal of the Contract between the United States Department of Energy and The Regents of the University of California for the Operation and Management of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory identifies the environmental impacts associated with renewing the contract and specifies a series of measures designed to mitigate adverse impacts to the environment. This Mitigation Monitoring Plan describes the procedures the University will use to implement the mitigation measures adopted in connection with the approval of the Contract.

Debris mitigation measures by satellite design and operational methods - Findings from the DLR space debris End-to-End Service

Science.gov (United States)

Sdunnus, H.; Beltrami, P.; Janovsky, R.; Koppenwallner, G.; Krag, H.; Reimerdes, H.; Schäfer, F.

Debris Mitigation has been recognised as an issue to be addressed by the space faring nations around the world. Currently, there are various activities going on, aiming at the establishment of debris mitigation guidelines on various levels, reaching from the UN down to national space agencies. Though guidelines established on the national level already provide concrete information how things should be done (rather that specifying what should be done or providing fundamental principles) potential users of the guidelines will still have the need to explore the technical, management, and financial implications of the guidelines for their projects. Those questions are addressed by the so called "Space Debris End-to-End Service" project, which has been initiated as a national initiative of the German Aerospace Centre (DLR). Based on a review of already existing mitigation guidelines or guidelines under development and following an identification of needs from a circle of industrial users the "End-to-End Service Gu idelines" have been established for designer and operators of spacecraft. The End-to-End Service Guidelines are based on requirements addressed by the mitigation guidelines and provide recommendations how and when the technical consideration of the mitigation guidelines should take place. By referencing requirements from the mitigation guidelines, the End-to-End Service Guidelines address the consideration of debris mitigation measures by spacecraft design and operational measures. This paper will give an introduction to the End-to-End Service Guidelines. It will focus on the proposals made for mitigation measures by the S/C system design, i.e. on protective design measures inside the spacecraft and on design measures, e.g. innovative protective (shielding) systems. Furthermore, approaches on the analytical optimisation of protective systems will be presented, aiming at the minimisation of shield mass under conservation of the protective effects. On the

Loss of flow accident and its mitigation measures for nuclear systems with SCWR-M

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xu Zhihong; Hou Dong; Fu Shengwei; Yang Yanhua; Cheng Xu

2011-01-01

Highlights: → A model of mixed spectrum SCWR system is established by a revised version of RELAP5. → Some important parameters are chosen to analysis the SCWR-M during LOFA. → Three important mitigation measures for LOFA of SCWR-M are derived from the results. - Abstract: Based on a revised version of RELAP5, which can be used for super-critical pressure calculation, a model of mixed spectrum SCWR (SCWR-M) system is established. To analyze the transient behavior of SCWR-M and develop mitigation measures during loss of flow accident (LOFA), some important parameters, e.g. reactor coolant pump (RCP) coast-down time, Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) upper water volume and safety injection flow, etc., are chosen for the parametric analysis. The results achieved so far indicate that the SCWR-M system design is feasible and promising. Three important mitigation measures for LOFA of SCWR-M are derived from the results: RCP coast-down time of more than 15 s, RPV upper water volume of more than 27 m 3 , and safety injection of more than 5% of the system design flow.

La definición de impacto social en las normas y guías oficiales que orientan la elaboración de los estudios de impacto ambiental en el Perú

OpenAIRE

Cuya Matos, Oscar Alejandro

2011-01-01

El estudio revisó el concepto de ‘impacto social’ en las guías oficiales y normas peruanas que orientan la elaboración de los Estudios de Impacto Ambiental, así como, la conceptualización del término ‘impacto social’ entre los especialistas que elaboran los mencionados estudios. El alcance del estudio se remitió específicamente a los estudios de impacto ambiental de proyectos de inversión, que por definición contienen una evaluación del impacto social, y son de orden predict...

Marginal abatement cost curves and the optimal timing of mitigation measures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vogt-Schilb, Adrien; Hallegatte, Stéphane

2014-01-01

Decision makers facing abatement targets need to decide which abatement measures to implement, and in which order. Measure-explicit marginal abatement cost curves depict the cost and abating potential of available mitigation options. Using a simple intertemporal optimization model, we demonstrate why this information is not sufficient to design emission reduction strategies. Because the measures required to achieve ambitious emission reductions cannot be implemented overnight, the optimal strategy to reach a short-term target depends on longer-term targets. For instance, the best strategy to achieve European's −20% by 2020 target may be to implement some expensive, high-potential, and long-to-implement options required to meet the −75% by 2050 target. Using just the cheapest abatement options to reach the 2020 target can create a carbon-intensive lock-in and make the 2050 target too expensive to reach. Designing mitigation policies requires information on the speed at which various measures to curb greenhouse gas emissions can be implemented, in addition to the information on the costs and potential of such measures provided by marginal abatement cost curves. - Highlights: • Classification of existing Marginal Abatement Cost Curves (MACC). • MACCs do not provide separated data on the speed at which measures can be implemented. • Optimal measures to reach a short-term target depend on longer-term targets. • Unique carbon price or aggregated emission-reduction target may be insufficient. • Room for short-term sectoral policies if agents are myopic or governments cannot commit

Kinematic analysis for the implementation of landslide mitigation measures

Science.gov (United States)

Delmonaco, Giuseppe; Margottini, Claudio; Spizzichino, Daniele

2010-05-01

The present work is finalised at the implementation of a landslide risk mitigation master plan of the ancient citadel of Machu Picchu. After the warning launched in March 2001, by the scientific community on potential collapse of the citadel from a near-disastrous landslide event different studies have been promoted to reconstruct landslide activity and suggest landslide risk mitigation measures for the protection and conservation of Machu Picchu cultural heritage. A site-scale analysis has been implemented following the application and integration of geomechanical classifications, ambient noise measurements and structural and kinematical analysis. The geology of the area is characterized by granitoid bodies that had been emplaced in the axial zones of the main rift system that are now exposed at the highest altitudes, together with country rocks (Precambrian and Lower Paleozoic metamorphics) originally constituting the rift ‘roots'. The bedrock of the Inca citadel of Machu Picchu is mainly composed by granite and subordinately granodiorite. This is mainly located in the lower part of the slopes. Superficially, the granite is jointed in blocks with variable dimensions, promoted by local structural setting. Single blocks vary from 10-1 to about 200 m3. Soil cover, widely outcropping in the area, is mainly composed by individual blocks and subordinately by coarse materials originated by chemical and physical weathering of minerals. Regional tectonic uplift and structural setting rule the general morphological features of the area and as a consequence, landslide type and evolution. Rock falls, rock slides, debris flows and debris slides are the main landslide typologies affecting the citadel slopes. In the last mission in May 2009, elastic and deformation rock parameters have been collected using a passive seismic innovative technique based on natural microtremor measurements and geostructural scan lines elaboration. A landslide zoning of the citadel has been

Measurements of electron cloud growth and mitigation in dipole, quadrupole, and wiggler magnets

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Calvey, J.R., E-mail: jrc97@cornell.edu; Hartung, W.; Li, Y.; Livezey, J.A.; Makita, J.; Palmer, M.A.; Rubin, D.

2015-01-11

Retarding field analyzers (RFAs), which provide a localized measurement of the electron cloud, have been installed throughout the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR), in different magnetic field environments. This paper describes the RFA designs developed for dipole, quadrupole, and wiggler field regions, and provides an overview of measurements made in each environment. The effectiveness of electron cloud mitigations, including coatings, grooves, and clearing electrodes, are assessed with the RFA measurements.

Impacto ambiental de una mina de mercurio abandonada

OpenAIRE

Álvarez Cuartas, María

2016-01-01

El objetivo principal de este Trabajo Fin de Máster es la evaluación del impacto ambiental de una explotación minera de mercurio en estado de abandono y de posible contaminación del medio ambiente. Una vez que se comprueba el elevado impacto debido al estado de abandono y a la alta contaminación, se ha elaborado una sencilla propuesta de restauración, barajado y comprando tres posibles alternativas.

The impact of floods in hospital and mitigation measures: A literature review

Science.gov (United States)

Yusoff, N. A.; Shafii, H.; Omar, R.

2017-11-01

In late December 2014, the flood was most significant and largest recorded specifically in the Kelantan, Malaysia. It was considered to be a “tsunami like disaster” in which 202,000 victims were displaced and causing widespread collapse of public infrastructure. Flooding of hospital results in interruption of business, loss of infrastructure, such as electrical power and water supplies, increased difficulty in providing routine medical and increased patient admissions and nursing care for patients with chronic diseases, such as renal failure, diabetes, cancer, cystic fibrosis and mental illness. The aimed of this paper to identify the best of measures for reduce the risk of flood in hospital. Method of this paper uses the previous study result. Several related previous study can be used as measures to mitigation flood risk in Malaysian hospitals. Early stage research of related studies hope to help add more information to assist researchers in reducing the risk of flooding in hospital. The findings with proper pre-event preparation framework for mitigation flood risk of hospitals, the continuing medical services can be provided to patient especially during emergency.

Greenhouse gas emissions reduction in different economic sectors: Mitigation measures, health co-benefits, knowledge gaps, and policy implications.

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Jinghong; Hou, Hongli; Zhai, Yunkai; Woodward, Alistair; Vardoulakis, Sotiris; Kovats, Sari; Wilkinson, Paul; Li, Liping; Song, Xiaoqin; Xu, Lei; Meng, Bohan; Liu, Xiaobo; Wang, Jun; Zhao, Jie; Liu, Qiyong

2018-05-15

To date, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mitigation strategies and the accompanying health co-benefits in different economic sectors have not been fully investigated. The purpose of this paper is to review comprehensively the evidence on GHG mitigation measures and the related health co-benefits, identify knowledge gaps, and provide recommendations to promote further development and implementation of climate change response policies. Evidence on GHG emissions, abatement measures and related health co-benefits has been observed at regional, national and global levels, involving both low- and high-income societies. GHG mitigation actions have mainly been taken in five sectors: energy generation, transport, food and agriculture, household and industry, consistent with the main sources of GHG emissions. GHGs and air pollutants to a large extent stem from the same sources and are inseparable in terms of their atmospheric evolution and effects on ecosystem; thus, GHG reductions are usually, although not always, estimated to have cost effective co-benefits for public health. Some integrated mitigation strategies involving multiple sectors, which tend to create greater health benefits. The pros and cons of different mitigation measures, issues with existing knowledge, priorities for research, and potential policy implications were also discussed. Findings from this study can play a role not only in motivating large GHG emitters to make decisive changes in GHG emissions, but also in facilitating cooperation at international, national and regional levels, to promote GHG mitigation policies that protect public health from climate change and air pollution simultaneously. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

13 CFR 123.402 - Can your business include its relocation as a mitigation measure in an application for a pre...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... participating in the Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program and SFHAs or visit the FEMA Web site at http://www.fema.gov. ... relocation as a mitigation measure in an application for a pre-disaster mitigation loan? 123.402 Section 123.402 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DISASTER LOAN PROGRAM Pre-Disaster...

Monitoring and mitigating measures to reduce potential impacts of oil and gas exploration and development on bears in the Inuvik region

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Branigan, M. [Government of the Northwest Territories, Inuvik, NT (Canada). Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources

2007-07-01

The Inuvik Region consists of the Northwest Territories portion of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region and the Gwich'in Settlement Area. The range of grizzly bears, polar bears and black bears extends to different parts of the region. The potential impact of development depends on the season of the development and the species of bear found in the footprint. As such, monitoring and mitigation measures should take this into consideration. This presentation focused on the potential impacts and current practices to monitor and mitigate the impacts in the region. Mitigation measures currently used include: communication with stakeholders; waste management guidelines; use of wildlife monitors to identify key habitat and den sites and to deter bears; minimum flight altitudes; and safety training. Suggestions for additional mitigation measures were also presented. figs.

Implementation and effectiveness of sound mitigation measures on Texas highways (HB 790) : final report.

Science.gov (United States)

2016-10-01

The 84th Texas Legislature passed House Bill (HB) 790 directing the Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI) to perform a study on the implementation and effectiveness of sound mitigation measures on the state highway system and certain toll roads an...

AVALIAÇÃO DOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS E SOCIAIS COMO SUBSÍDIO PARA LICENCIAMENTO AMBIENTAL DO PROJETO DE ASSENTAMENTO DE REFORMA AGRÁRIA MARIA BONITA I, POÇO REDONDO/SE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thiago Almeida Leite

2011-12-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho identificou e avaliou os impactos ambientais e sociais negativos do projeto de assentamentode reforma agrária Maria Bonita I, localizado no município de Poço Redondo, Sergipe, visando a subsidiar oprocesso de licenciamento ambiental. Para tal, utilizaram-se duas matrizes: a primeira, adaptada de Leopold,foi usada para classificar qualitativamente os impactos de acordo com seu tipo, natureza, periodicidade, efeito,reversibilidade e alcance; e a segunda foi elaborada por esta pesquisa para listar as atividades impactantes, osimpactos, suas respectivas medidas mitigadoras e os responsáveis em mitigá-las. Em seguida, as atividadesimpactantes foram descritas. Conclui-se que o licenciamento é de fundamental importância para minimizar osimpactos ambientais e sociais e melhorar a qualidade de vida da população, uma vez que as condicionantesambientais devem ser atendidas durante este processo.

Seguridad ante impacto humano de acristalamientos en edificaciones

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claramunt, R.

2005-10-01

Full Text Available The Spanish Building Code (CTE specifies the demands that should comply the buildings in relation to the essential requirements of safety and habitability. The Fundamental Document of Safety in Use (DB-SU of the CTE identifies some critical areas where the impact with fragile elements would suppose a risk for the user. The DB-SU establishes the impact levels that glazing should resist, according to the procedure of UNE-EN 12600:2003. However, since this procedure does not give information about characteristics of the testing equipment, results obtained are dispersed and variable with the equipment. This paper presents the procedure followed to characterize the impact pendulum test, so it can be guaranteed that only the glazing response is measured during the impact. First, it has been necessary to estimate the duration of the impact. Then, the glazing natural frequency of different constructive configurations, geometry and thickness has been determined. Finally, vibration modes of the glazing supporting structure from the pendulum, according to different fixing points to the floor is estimated. It should be noted, as a conclusion, that the natural frequency of the pendulum differs in a important way when border conditions are modified, such as fixing points to floor, etc.

El Código Técnico de la Edificación (CTE establece las exigencias básicas que deben cumplir los edificios en relación con los requisitos básicos de seguridad y habitabilidad. El Documento Básico de Seguridad de Utilización (DB-SU del CTE, identifica unas áreas críticas en las que el impacto con elementos frágiles supondría un riesgo para el usuario. El DB-SU establece los niveles de impacto que deben resistir los vidrios en dichas zonas, según el procedimiento de norma UNE-EN 12600:2003. Sin embargo este procedimiento no facilita información acerca de las características del equipo de ensayo, lo que ocasiona que los resultados obtenidos sean dispersos y

A new modelling framework and mitigation measures for increased resilience to flooding

Science.gov (United States)

Valyrakis, Manousos; Alexakis, Athanasios; Solley, Mark

2015-04-01

Flooding in rivers and estuaries is amongst the most significant challenges our society has yet to tackle effectively. Use of floodwall systems is one of the potential measures that can be used to mitigate the detrimental socio-economical and ecological impacts and alleviate the associated costs of flooding. This work demonstrates the utility of such systems for a case study via appropriate numerical simulations, in addition to conducting scaled flume experiments towards obtaining a better understanding of the performance and efficiency of the flood-wall systems. At first, the results of several characteristic inundation modeling scenarios and flood mitigation options, for a flood-prone region in Scotland. In particular, the history and hydrology of the area are discussed and the assumptions and hydraulic model input (model geometry including instream hydraulic structures -such as bridges and weirs- river and floodplain roughness, initial and boundary conditions) are presented, followed by the model results. Emphasis is given on the potential improvements brought about by mitigating flood risk using flood-wall systems. Further, the implementation of the floodwall in mitigating flood risk is demonstrated via appropriate numerical modeling, utilizing HEC-RAS to simulate the effect of a river's rising stage during a flood event, for a specific area. The later part of this work involves the design, building and utilization of a scaled physical model of a flood-wall system. These experiments are carried out at one of the research flumes in the Water Engineering laboratory of the University of Glasgow. These involve an experimental investigation where the increase of force applied on the floodwall is measured for different degrees of deflection of the water in the stream, under the maximum flow discharge that can be carried through without exceeding the floodwall height (and accounting for the effect of super-elevation). These results can be considered upon the

Impactos de las actividades antrópicas en el nevado Huaytapallana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jacinto Arroyo Aliaga

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Explicar la influencia de las actividades antrópicas en la variación de las capas de acumulación de nieve en los glaciares de la vertiente sur-occidental del nevado Huaytapallana de los Andes Centrales del Perú, en el ciclo hidrológico 2011-2012. Métodos: Se utilizó el método general hipotético – deductivo como guía en la investigación cuantitativa; el método del Thornthwaite para realizar el análisis hidrológico y clasificación climática de la zona; y el balance de masas como método para estimar la carga o descarga de nieve acumulado mediante balizas. Resultados: Se ha encontrado que las actividades antrópicas de turismo vivencial es una de las actividades principales que afectan al glaciar con el 60% de impacto. Las actividades de reforestación constituyen el 20% de impacto y el 10% la actividad de pastoreo. También los impactos de las actividades antrópicas a altitudes bajas en el glaciar son negativas, mientras que a altitudes superiores a los 5 000 msnm se registran menores impactos negativos. De igual manera se encontró una relación directa (coeficiente r= 0,97 entre el impacto a bajas altitudes de las masas glaciares. Conclusiones: La actividad de turismo vivencial que se realiza en varios sectores del nevado Huaytapallana, es una de las principales actividades antrópicas que está generando impactos negativos en el sistema glaciar al acelerar la pérdida de masa de nieve acumulado durante un ciclo hidrológico.

Disaster Characteristics and Mitigation Measures of Huge Glacial Debris Flows along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Jinfeng; You, Yong; Zhang, Guangze; Wang, Dong; Chen, Jiangang; Chen, Huayong

2017-04-01

The Ranwu-Tongmai section of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway passes through the Palongzangbu River basin which locates in the southeast Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Due to widely distributed maritime glacier in this area, the huge glacier debris flows are very developed. Consequently, the disastrous glacier debris flows with huge scale (106-108 m3 for one debris flow event) and damage become one of the key influencing factors for the route alignment of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway. The research on disaster characteristics and mitigation measures of huge glacial debris flows in the study area were conducted by the remote sensing interpretation, field investigation, parameter calculation and numerical simulation. Firstly, the distribution of the glaciers, glacier lakes and glacier debris flows were identified and classified; and the disaster characteristics for the huge glacier debris flow were analyzed and summarized. Secondly, the dynamic parameters including the flood peak discharge, debris flow peak discharge, velocity, total volume of a single debris flow event were calculated. Based on the disaster characteristics and the spatial relation with the railway, some mitigation principles and measures were proposed. Finally, the Guxiang Gully, where a huge glacier debris flow with 2*108m3 in volume occurred in 1953, was selected as a typical case to analyze its disaster characteristics and mitigation measures. The interpretation results show that the glacier area is about 970 km2 which accounts for 19% of the total study area. 130 glacier lakes and 102 glacier debris flows were identified and classified. The Sichuan-Tibet Railway passes through 43 glacier debris flows in the study area. The specific disaster characteristics were analyzed and corresponding mitigation measures were proposed for the route selection of the railway. For the Guxiang Gully, a numerical simulation to simulate the deposition condition at the alluvial fan was conducted. the simulation results show that the

Fish habitat mitigation measures for hydrotechnical projects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McPhail, G.D.; MacMillan, D.B.; Katopodis, C.

1992-01-01

In recent years, the identification and mitigation of environmental impacts of hydrotechnical projects, particularly on fish and fish habitats, have become a major component of project planning and design. Potential impacts to fish and fish habitat may include increased fish mortality, decreased species diversity, and loss or decreases in fish production due to loss of habitat or alteration of its suitability. These impacts arise from flooding of riverine habitat, alteration of flow quantity and distribution, changes in morphology, and alteration of water quality, including suspended sediments, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and mercury. The results of a study for the Canadian Federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans Central and Arctic Region, examining fish habitat mitigation techniques for their applicability to hydrotechnical projects in Canada are summarized. The requirements for achievement and verification of the no net loss policy for a project are discussed. 10 refs., 2 tabs

Radon mitigation in schools

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saum, D.; Craig, A.B.; Leovic, K.

1990-01-01

Since 1987, more than 40 schools in Maryland, Virginia, Tennessee and North Carolina were visited by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). School characteristics that potentially influence radon entry and impact mitigation system design and performance were identified. Mitigation systems that had proven successful in house mitigation were then installed in several of these schools. Many of the systems were installed by school personnel with some assistance from EPA and an experienced radon diagnostician. This article presents the diagnostic measurements made in the schools and it discusses in detail the specific mitigation systems that were installed in four Maryland schools by the EPA

Impacto de la resiliencia en pacientes con Artritis Reumatoide

OpenAIRE

Beltrán García, Jonathan Camilo; Zapata Gómez, Elizabeth

2016-01-01

Introducción: La artritis reumatoide (AR) es una enfermedad autoinmune-inflamatoria, que compromete las articulaciones diartrodiales. Tiene una importante repercusión sistémica que incluye la depresión; por lo tanto, tiene un severo impacto sobre la calidad de vida. Es posible que mecanismos de defensa, tales como la resiliencia, puedan amortiguar dicho impacto. Metodología: estudio de corte transversal, multicéntrico (análisis inicial dentro del grupo AR, con muestra no probabilística d...

Mitigation of wildfire risk by homeowners

Science.gov (United States)

Hannah Brenkert; Patricia Champ; Nicholas Flores

2005-01-01

In-depth interviews conducted with homeowners in Larimer County's Wildland-Urban Interface revealed that homeowners face difficult decisions regarding the implementation of wildfire mitigation measures. Perceptions of wildfire mitigation options may be as important as perceptions of wildfire risk in determining likelihood of implementation. These mitigation...

Impacto ambiental de las incineradoras

OpenAIRE

Saiz de Omeñaca, José Antonio; Saiz de Omeñaca, Jesús

1996-01-01

The pollution caused by incineration plants may be considered quite substantial. It is important to know the risks in order to be able to reduce the impacts.

La contaminación causada por las incineradoras es, potencialmente, muy importante. Conocer los riesgos ayuda a tomar decisiones para minimizar los impactos.

Evaluación de impacto ambiental y concentración parcelaria

OpenAIRE

Alenza García, José Francisco

1999-01-01

El autor analiza los siguientes puntos: la concentración parcelaria y su impacto ambiental; el Decreto Foral 237/1999, de 21 de junio, por el que se regula la evaluación de impacto ambiental en los procesos de concentración parcelaria; la necesidad de una ley foral de protección ambiental.

Medidas de experiencia e cienciometria para avaliar impacto da producao cientifica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco Akerman

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Propõe-se a “experienciometria” como medida da experiência acadêmica de pesquisadores de modo a complementar a medida consagrada da cienciometria nas avaliações de competências em pesquisa. O artigo baseia-se em parte na produção cientifica do autor, utilizada sob uma perspectiva qualitativa para explorar possibilidades de análise de impactos. Ensaia-se uma síntese com possíveis implicações dessa análise, indicando algumas possibilidades para se avaliar impacto de pesquisas e artigos que não se restrinjam exclusivamente à contagem de números de citações dos autores para o cálculo do fator de impacto.

PRODUÇÃO DE PETRÓLEO E IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS: ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES

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Silas Sarkiz da Silva Martins

2015-12-01

Full Text Available O petróleo está a cada dia sendo mais explorado e tem sido um recurso energético gerador de divisas para a economia de países e nações, a exemplo do Brasil, mas, também, difusor de impactos ambientais negativos. As etapas que envolvem a produção de petróleo desde a perfuração de poços até o refino, direta ou indiretamente, têm causado alterações ao meio ambiente. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de compreender os principais impactos ambientais gerados pelas etapas de produção de petróleo, considerando estudos de impacto ambiental (EIAs e seus respectivos relatórios de impacto ambiental (RIMAs. A avaliação dos impactos ambientais se dá através do diagnóstico ambiental da área de influência do empreendimento, o qual é feito para se conhecer os componentes dos meios físico, biológico e socioeconômico da área e, posteriormente, avaliar os efeitos das atividades do empreendimento sobre os mesmos. Pela complexidade da composição química do petróleo, o risco quanto as suas atividades e seu manuseio é, na maioria dos casos, de grande potencial, pois pode haver acidentes, que, por sua vez, podem interferir negativamente no meio ambiente. Ao término do estudo, concluiu-se que a fase de produção de petróleo apresenta diversos aspectos ambientais, os quais geram impactos. Viu-se que os impactos não são apenas de caráter negativo. E, por fim, sugere-se a aplicação de medidas mitigadoras e de um sistema de gestão ambiental eficaz para a minimização e/ou eliminação de tais impactos.

FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grants Program Summary

Data.gov (United States)

Department of Homeland Security — The Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP, CFDA Number: 97.039) provides grants to States and local governments to implement long-term hazard mitigation measures...

Influência da Umidade na Resistência da Madeira de Eucalipto a Impactos

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Anderson Pertuzzatti

2017-08-01

Full Text Available RESUMO O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus cloeziana submetidas a diferentes condições de umidade a impactos. Para tanto, os corpos de prova foram distribuídos em três condições de umidade (seco, climatizado e saturado. Foram avaliadas as propriedade de resistência a impactos, massa específica e teor de umidade de equilíbrio. Os dados foram interpretados por meio de análise de variância fatorial. Dessa maneira, verificou-se que a madeira de E. cloeziana foi mais resistente a impactos na condição saturada em comparação com as amostras climatizada e seca. Já o E. grandis não apresentou diferença significativa entre as condições de umidade testadas. O E. cloeziana demonstrou maior capacidade de absorver impactos em relação ao E. grandis. Ambas as espécies foram classificadas como pouco resistentes a impactos. Portanto, não é recomendado a utilização das espécies estudadas em locais sujeitos a cargas de choque.

The influence of governmental mitigation measures on contamination characteristics of PM(2.5) in Beijing.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Yuan; Schleicher, Nina; Chen, Yizhen; Chai, Fahe; Norra, Stefan

2014-08-15

Beijing, the capital of China, has become one of the most air-polluted cities due to its rapid economic growth. Weekly PM2.5 samples-collected continuously from 2007 to 2010-were used to study the contamination characteristics of atmospheric particles and effects of governmental mitigation measures especially since the 2008 Summer Olympic Games. PM2.5 mass concentrations during the sampling period were reduced compared to the previous studies before 2005, although they were still too high in comparison with environmental standards of China and many other countries as well as WHO standards. Results of principle component analysis show that elements of primary anthropogenic origin had an obvious decline while elements mainly from the natural environment kept a relatively stable course. The governmental macro-control measures influenced both anthropogenic and geogenic sources, but they also led to some pollution peaks prior to implementation of the respective measures. Some element concentrations correlated to the restrictiveness of relative measures, especially during different traffic restrictions. The comparison with other countries and international standards shows that there is a long way to go in order to improve air quality in Beijing, and that governmental mitigation measures need to be continued and reinforced. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

IMPACTOS DE LAS CARRETERAS SOBRE LA FAUNA SILVESTRE Y SUS PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE MANEJO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María del Pilar Arroyave

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el impacto de los proyectos viales sobre la fauna silvestre y evaluar las medidas de manejo de estos efectos. Se revisó y analizó la información de diversos estudios realizados en el mundo, al igual que algunos estudios de impacto ambiental de carreteras que se han desarrollado en Antioquia. Se encontró que los principales impactos son el atropellamiento, el aislamiento de poblaciones y el cambio en los patrones reproductivos de la fauna; esto trae como consecuencia la disminución de las poblaciones de especies de fauna silvestre. También se plantean las estrategias comúnmente implementadas para el manejo de los impactos.

¡Nuevos aportes! para estimar el valor del impacto ambiental a nivel de cuenca

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nora Pouey M

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Hoy en día, en el que el mundo continuamente sufre transformaciones, el hombre se ha preocupado por conocer y hacer de su entorno ambiental un lugar vivible, pero al mismo tiempo, él mismo se ha encargado de mantenerlo y llevarlo a situaciones que generan un verdadero caos. Ese caos, conocido como impacto ambiental es necesario medirlo, para lo cual se ha empleado la metodologia de la Evaluación del Impacto Ambiental EIA, sin contar hasta hoy con un modelo sistematico para hacerlo cuantitativamente a nivel de una cuenca hidrografica, generando así un problema en terminos de la evaluación para la gestión ambiental. La aplicación del modelo desarrollado en este trabajo denominado IVAFIC, Responde al problema presentado, evaluando a través de un modelo matematico y con la ayuda de herramientas computacionales de programación estructurada y de sistemas de información geografica, el impacto ambiental en una cuenca de forma cuantitativa definido como factor de impacto F1 y factor de impacto corregido FIC.

Review of selected state-of-the-art applications of diagnostic measurements for radon-mitigation planning. Report for April 1986-June 1987

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hubbard, L.M.; Harrje, D.T.; Gadsby, K.J.; Sanchez, D.C.; Turk, B.H.

1987-09-01

Since late-1984, EPA's AEERL has supported a program to develop and demonstrate radon-mitigation techniques for single-family detached dwellings. As part of the program, projects have been started, directed at developing and demonstrating the use of diagnostic measurements in all phases of the radon-mitigation process. Diagnostic measurements are used to assess: (1) the radon sources strengths, variability, and locations; and, (2) radon transport to the house and its entry and distribution in the house as influenced by environmental, house characteristics, and occupancy factors. The diagnostic measurements reported include: (1) soil-gas grab sampling; (2) communication (air flow or pressure-field extension) tests; (3) whole house infiltration; (4) differential pressure, (5) gamma radiation; and, (6) radon flux. The paper concludes that the above selected diagnostic measurements were especially useful in characterizing houses with indoor radon problems attributable to soil-gas-borne radon that may be amenable to mitigation through the use of subslab ventilation

Measuring, Reporting and Verifying Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions. Reflecting experiences under the Mitigation Momentum Project. Discussion paper

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

De Vit, C.; Roeser, F.; Fekete, H.; Hoehne, N.; Wartmann, S.; Van Tilburg, X.; Larkin, J.; Escalante, D.; Haensel, G.; Veum, K.; Cameron, L.; Halcomb, J.

2013-06-15

The Mitigation Momentum project aims to support the development of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs). It contributes to the concrete design of NAMA proposals in five countries (Peru, Chile, Indonesia, Tunisia and Kenya). A further aim is to foster cooperation and knowledge exchange within the NAMA community while advancing the international climate policy debate on mitigation and related issues, including approaches for the Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) of NAMAs. MRV enables the assessment of the effectiveness of both internationally supported NAMAs (supported NAMAs) and domestically supported NAMAs (unilateral NAMAs) by tracking NAMA impacts including greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions and non-GHG related impacts such as sustainable development benefits. MRV also supports improved policy design and decision making through systematic progress reporting and is a key tool to ensure accountability of NAMA stakeholders. Both host countries and funders share the common interest of having strong, implementable MRV systems in place. From both perspectives, this raises a number of questions, as well as potential challenges, on how to adapt the MRV approach to the specific circumstances of each NAMA. The objective of this paper is to identify open issues for the MRV of impacts of NAMAs, understood here as implementable actions, i.e. a project, a policy, a programme or a strategy. It pays particular attention to NAMAs with a supported component and reflects relevant initial experiences with developing NAMA proposals in the five Mitigation Momentum countries (i.e. using country examples where appropriate). As MRV systems for these NAMAs are still under development or at their preliminary stage, we hope to share further lessons learned in a subsequent discussion paper. Key challenges analysed in this paper include: How to design a MRV system that satisfies both the host country's and funder's expectations while complying with

Overview of mitigation policies and measures in the forestry sector

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sathaye, J. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., CA (United States)

1996-12-31

In this paper the author addresses questions on how the forestry sector can make a contribution to the general problem of greenhouse gases in the environment. Primarily this is in the form of carbon conservation and sequestering. There is a potential land area for conservation and sequestration estimated to be 700 Mha. The total carbon that could be sequestered and conserved globally by 2050 on this land is 60 - 87 GtC. Slowing deforestation, assisting regeneration, forestation and agroforestry are the primary mitigation measures for carbon conservation and sequestration. For long term success, enforcement to halt deforestation has to be accompained by economic and/or other benefits to the deforesters that equal or exceed their current remuneration. Making plantations a significant fuel for utility electricity generation will require higher biomass yields and thermal efficiency matching that of conventional plants. Significant reduction of global carbon emissions requires national governments to institute measures that provide local, national, economic and other benefits while conserving and sequestering carbon.

Effect of Wind Farm Noise on Local Residents' Decision to Adopt Mitigation Measures.

Science.gov (United States)

Botelho, Anabela; Arezes, Pedro; Bernardo, Carlos; Dias, Hernâni; Pinto, Lígia M Costa

2017-07-11

Wind turbines' noise is frequently pointed out as the reason for local communities' objection to the installation of wind farms. The literature suggests that local residents feel annoyed by such noise and that, in many instances, this is significant enough to make them adopt noise-abatement interventions on their homes. Aiming at characterizing the relationship between wind turbine noise, annoyance, and mitigating actions, we propose a novel conceptual framework. The proposed framework posits that actual sound pressure levels of wind turbines determine individual homes' noise-abatement decisions; in addition, the framework analyzes the role that self-reported annoyance, and perception of noise levels, plays on the relationship between actual noise pressure levels and those decisions. The application of this framework to a particular case study shows that noise perception and annoyance constitutes a link between the two. Importantly, however, noise also directly affects people's decision to adopt mitigating measures, independently of the reported annoyance.

Effect of Wind Farm Noise on Local Residents’ Decision to Adopt Mitigation Measures

Science.gov (United States)

Botelho, Anabela; Bernardo, Carlos; Dias, Hernâni; Pinto, Lígia M. Costa

2017-01-01

Wind turbines’ noise is frequently pointed out as the reason for local communities’ objection to the installation of wind farms. The literature suggests that local residents feel annoyed by such noise and that, in many instances, this is significant enough to make them adopt noise-abatement interventions on their homes. Aiming at characterizing the relationship between wind turbine noise, annoyance, and mitigating actions, we propose a novel conceptual framework. The proposed framework posits that actual sound pressure levels of wind turbines determine individual homes’ noise-abatement decisions; in addition, the framework analyzes the role that self-reported annoyance, and perception of noise levels, plays on the relationship between actual noise pressure levels and those decisions. The application of this framework to a particular case study shows that noise perception and annoyance constitutes a link between the two. Importantly, however, noise also directly affects people’s decision to adopt mitigating measures, independently of the reported annoyance. PMID:28696404

Long term performance of radon mitigation systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prill, R.; Fisk, W.J.

2002-01-01

Researchers installed radon mitigation systems in 12 houses in Spokane, Washington and Coeur d'Alene, Idaho during the heating season 1985--1986 and continued to monitor indoor radon quarterly and annually for ten years. The mitigation systems included active sub-slab ventilation, basement over-pressurization, and crawlspace isolation and ventilation. The occupants reported various operational problems with these early mitigation systems. The long-term radon measurements were essential to track the effectiveness of the mitigation systems over time. All 12 homes were visited during the second year of the study, while a second set 5 homes was visited during the fifth year to determine the cause(s) of increased radon in the homes. During these visits, the mitigation systems were inspected and measurements of system performance were made. Maintenance and modifications were performed to improve system performance in these homes

China's carbon mitigation strategies: Enough?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Can; Lin, Jie; Cai, Wenjia; Liao, Hua

2014-01-01

As the largest CO 2 emitter in the world, China has made great achievements in carbon mitigation over the past eight years (2005–2013). Through a comprehensive and detailed overview of China's carbon mitigation strategies, this paper presents China's carbon mitigation achievements and strategies, including adjustment to the industrial structure, saving energy, optimizing energy structure, increasing forest carbon sinks, building foundational capacity, innovating technologies and practicing mitigation efforts in localities and sectors. Having been in place for some years already, the results of many of these measures and policies are now plateauing. China is facing challenges including inevitable emissions growth, shrinking of mitigation potential from technological progress, difficulty in further adjusting the industrial structure and economic development mode, continued dominance of coal in the energy mix, local governments’ reluctance to adopt measures to reduce carbon emissions, etc. Through policy diagnosis it is found that the root causes of these problems and challenges are the facts that policy-making is done primarily on the production side and there is an absence of co-benefits in the decision-making process. Therefore, it is recommended that translating mitigation targets to the consumption level and mainstreaming mitigations’ co-benefits into decision-making processes are needed to quickly enhance the results of mitigation work in China. - Highlights: • Key aspects of China's carbon mitigation strategies were outlined. • China's carbon mitigation achievements were summarized. • Challenges to meet further mitigation were investigated. • Strategic suggestions to quickly enhance China's mitigation ambition were given

Evaluación de los impactos medioambientales de los proyectos de construcción

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adnan Enshassi

2014-12-01

Full Text Available El sector de la construcción es considerado mundialmente como una de las principales fuentes de contaminación medioambiental, pues produce enormes efectos negativos en el medioambiente ya sea directa o indirectamente. La Franja de Gaza está experimentando un aumento de los proyectos de construcción, incrementando la presión sobre el ecosistema al introducir y generar diversos contaminantes. Los ecosistemas de la Franja de Gaza se están debilitando y deteriorando debido a sus limitados recursos naturales, a su deteriorada situación política y económica, al crecimiento de la población y a la escasa conciencia sobre el cuidado del medioambiente. El objetivo de este trabajo es mejorar la conciencia pública sobre los impactos ambientales negativos causados por las actividades derivadas de los proyectos de construcción en la Franja de Gaza y proponer algunas sugerencias con la finalidad de reducirlos. Para ello se distribuyó un total de 50 encuestas entre profesionales que trabajan en la industria de la construcción. Los impactos ambientales se clasificaron en tres categorías: ecosistemas, recursos naturales e impacto en la comunidad. Los resultados del estudio revelaron que la generación de polvo, contaminación acústica, operaciones con remoción de la vegetación y la contaminación atmosférica son los impactos ambientales más significativos de los proyectos de construcción. Los resultados, además, revelaron que tanto los trabajadores como quienes laboran en el sector de la construcción son quienes más se exponen diariamente a problemas de salud como afecciones respiratorias y al hígado, cáncer, deterioro de la audición, hipertensión, molestias, trastornos del sueño y problemas cardiovasculares. Además, se encontró que el impacto social o impacto en la comunidad era la categoría más importante que afectaba al entorno en la Franja de Gaza. Se recomienda mejorar los conocimientos y la conciencia de los trabajadores de

FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grants Program Summary - API

Data.gov (United States)

Department of Homeland Security — The Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP, CFDA Number: 97.039) provides grants to States and local governments to implement long-term hazard mitigation measures...

Is wetland mitigation successful in Southern California?

Science.gov (United States)

Cummings, D. L.; Rademacher, L. K.

2004-12-01

Wetlands perform many vital functions within their landscape position; they provide unique habitats for a variety of flora and fauna and they act as treatment systems for upstream natural and anthropogenic waste. California has lost an estimated 91% of its wetlands. Despite the 1989 "No Net Loss" policy and mitigation requirements by the regulatory agencies, the implemented mitigation may not be offsetting wetlands losses. The "No Net Loss" policy is likely failing for numerous reasons related to processes in the wetlands themselves and the policies governing their recovery. Of particular interest is whether these mitigation sites are performing essential wetlands functions. Specific questions include: 1) Are hydric soil conditions forming in mitigation sites; and, 2) are the water quality-related chemical transformations that occur in natural wetlands observed in mitigation sites. This study focuses on success (or lack of success) in wetlands mitigation sites in Southern California. Soil and water quality investigations were conducted in wetland mitigation sites deemed to be successful by vegetation standards. Observations of the Standard National Resource Conservation Service field indicators of reducing conditions were made to determine whether hydric soil conditions have developed in the five or more years since the implementation of mitigation plans. In addition, water quality measurements were performed at the inlet and outlet of these mitigation sites to determine whether these sites perform similar water quality transformations to natural wetlands within the same ecosystem. Water quality measurements included nutrient, trace metal, and carbon species measurements. A wetland location with minimal anthropogenic changes and similar hydrologic and vegetative features was used as a control site. All sites selected for study are within a similar ecosystem, in the interior San Diego and western Riverside Counties, in Southern California.

Mercury mitigative measures related to hydroelectric reservoirs. The La Grande Complex experience

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sbeghen, J.; Schetagne, R.

1995-01-01

Quebec Hydro's plan for mitigation of mercury contamination in fish and wildlife in the La Grande river basin was presented. The hazard and environmental threat posed by mercury contamination through flooding was described. Implications of mercury contamination for the Cree natives was discussed and provisions of the James Bay mercury agreement were described. Potential 'at source' remedial measures were described, including soil and vegetation removal, controlled burning of soils and vegetation, capping of flooded soils, lime or sulphite salt addition, sediment suspension, genetic manipulation of bacterial populations, selenium addition, nutrient addition, intensive fishing, and reservoir draining. Compensation measures were considered since no practical medium term remedial measures could be found. A case study of the Eastmain-1 Reservoir's $213 000 000 deforestation program was cited as a possible model. It was concluded that realistically, compensation produced the only feasible health risk reduction program, since none of the 'at source' remedial measure were technically or economically feasible. 24 refs

Implementation of a pollution control projects as a mitigating measure for the environmental impacts in UN-RIO production platforms; Implementacao de um projeto de controle da poluicao como medida mitigadora de impactos ambientais em plataformas de producao da UN-RIO

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coelho, Ana Paula A.; Machado, Mariana E.R.; Rocha, Valmir G. da [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Unidade de Negocio de Exploracao e Producao

2004-07-01

The activity of offshore oil and gas exploration and production (E and P) has the potential to cause environmental impacts, mainly due to the nature of the products involved. Therefore, it is of fundamental importance that all possible impacts derived from this activity be identified so that mitigating measures can be taken. The work described here proposes, as a mitigating measure for some of the more relevant environmental impacts related to the offshore E and P activity, the implementation of a Pollution Control Project at UN-RIO's oil and gas platforms. The Project includes actions for the adequate environmental management of the atmospheric emissions, effluents and solid residues generated during oil and gas production activities. The Project also proposes actions related to the monitoring of relevant parameters during the operations, the elaboration of operational procedures for the pollution control systems and equipment, a preventive equipment maintenance policy and the training in standard procedures for critical activities. Therefore, the implementation of such a Project is intrinsically related to the maintenance of the environmental quality in the area where UN-RIO's E and P activities take place. (author)

Irradiation embrittlement mitigation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Torronen, K; Pelli, R; Planman, T; Valo, M [Technical Research Centre of Finland, Jyvaeskylae (Finland). Combustion and Thermal Engineering Lab.

1994-12-31

Mitigation methods for reducing the irradiation damage on pressure vessel materials are reviewed: load leakage loading schemes are commonly used in PWRs to mitigate reactor pressure vessel embrittlement; dummy assemblies have been applied in WWER 440-type and in some old western power plants, when exceptional fast embrittlement has been encountered; shielding of the pressure vessel has been developed, but is not in common use; pre-stressing the pressure vessel has been proposed for preventing PTS failures, but its applicability is not yet demonstrated. The large number of successful annealing treatments performed in WWER 440 type reactors as well as research on the effects of annealing treatments suggest applications for western PWRs. The emergency core cooling systems have been modified in WWER 440-type reactors in connection with other mitigation measures. (authors). 37 refs., 18 figs., 2 tabs.

Irradiation embrittlement mitigation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Torronen, K.; Pelli, R.; Planman, T.; Valo, M.

1993-01-01

Mitigation methods for reducing the irradiation damage on pressure vessel materials are reviewed: load leakage loading schemes are commonly used in PWRs to mitigate reactor pressure vessel embrittlement; dummy assemblies have been applied in WWER 440-type and in some old western power plants, when exceptional fast embrittlement has been encountered; shielding of the pressure vessel has been developed, but is not in common use; pre-stressing the pressure vessel has been proposed for preventing PTS failures, but its applicability is not yet demonstrated. The large number of successful annealing treatments performed in WWER 440 type reactors as well as research on the effects of annealing treatments suggest applications for western PWRs. The emergency core cooling systems have been modified in WWER 440-type reactors in connection with other mitigation measures. (authors). 37 refs., 18 figs., 2 tabs

El impacto del Impuesto al Valor Agregado sobre el gasto en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Tovar

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo cuantifica el impacto del IVA sobre el gasto de los hogares utilizando la enorme variación relativa del IVA en Colombia como estrategia de identificación. Para tal efecto se correlaciona el IVA con el gasto de los hogares según se reporta en la Encuesta Continua de Hogares (ECH. La estimación se realiza para tres rubros de gasto presente en la ECH: alimentación, cultura y entretenimiento y celulares. Los resultados sugieren que un incremento del IVA tiene impactos positivos en el gasto de alimentos y celulares, y negativos en el de cultura y esparcimiento. Además, el ejercicio muestra que incrementar el IVA tiene un impacto diferencial, sobre hogares de distintas características demográficas y económicas.

Essential severe accident mitigation measures for operating and future PWR's

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bittermann, Dietmar; Eckardt, Bernd A.; Lechleuthner, Michael [Framatome ANP GmbH, Erlangen (Germany)

2003-04-01

Severe Accident mitigation measures are a constituent of the safety concept in Europe not only for operating but also for future light water reactors. While operating reactors mainly have been backfitted with such measure, for future reactors Severe Accident mitigation measures already have to be considered in the design phase. Severe Accident measures are considered as the 4{sup th} level of defense for future reactors. This difference has consequences also on the kind of measures proposed to be introduced. While in operating plants Severe Accident mitigation measures are considered for further risk reduction, in future reactors an explicit higher level of safety is required resulting in additional design measures. This higher safety level is expressed in the requirement that there must be no need for evacuation of surrounding populations except in the immediate vicinity of the plant and for long-term restrictions with regard to the consumption of locally grown food. Because of the potential hazard posed by radioactive releases to the environment in the event of an Severe Accident situation depends largely on the airborne material in the containment atmosphere and on the containment integrity, new system features to prevent loss of containment integrity have been introduced in the design of the NPP's. For these tasks it has been necessary to develop and qualify new system technologies and implement them finally into NPP's, e.g. like systems for containment atmosphere H{sub 2}-control, filtered venting, core retention devices and atmosphere sampling. The following systems are introduced for operating as well as for future plants: {center_dot} The Hydrogen Control System is based on the Passive Autocatalytic Recombiner (PAR) technology. There is no need for any operator actions because of the self-starting feature of the catalyst if hydrogen is released. {center_dot} In situ Post Accident Sampling System (In situ-PASS) are introduced for the purpose of

Measurement requirements for a Near-Earth Asteroid impact mitigation demonstration mission

Science.gov (United States)

Wolters, Stephen D.; Ball, Andrew J.; Wells, Nigel; Saunders, Christopher; McBride, Neil

2011-10-01

A concept for an Impact Mitigation Preparation Mission, called Don Quijote, is to send two spacecrafts to a Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA): an Orbiter and an Impactor. The Impactor collides with the asteroid while the Orbiter measures the resulting change in the asteroid's orbit, by means of a Radio Science Experiment (RSE) carried out before and after the impact. Three parallel Phase A studies on Don Quijote were carried out for the European Space Agency: the research presented here reflects the outcomes of the study by QinetiQ. We discuss the mission objectives with regard to the prioritisation of payload instruments, with emphasis on the interpretation of the impact. The Radio Science Experiment is described and it is examined how solar radiation pressure may increase the uncertainty in measuring the orbit of the target asteroid. It is determined that to measure the change in orbit accurately a thermal IR spectrometer is mandatory, to measure the Yarkovsky effect. The advantages of having a laser altimeter are discussed. The advantages of a dedicated wide-angle impact camera are discussed and the field-of-view is initially sized through a simple model of the impact.

The influence of risk mitigation measures on the risks, costs and routing of CO2 pipelines

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Knoope, M. M J|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/364248149; Raben, I. M E; Ramírez, A.|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/284852414; Spruijt, M. P N; Faaij, A. P C|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/10685903X

2014-01-01

The aim of this study was to analyze whether, and if so, in what way risks would influence the design, costs and routing of CO2 pipelines. This article assesses locational and societal risks of CO2 pipeline transport and analyses whether rerouting or implementing additional risk mitigation measures

The influence of risk mitigation measures on the risks, costs and routing of CO 2pipelines

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Knoope, M.M.J.; Raben. I.M.E.; Ramírez, A.; Spruijt, M.P.N.; Faaij, A.P.C.

2014-01-01

The aim of this study was to analyze whether, and if so, in what way risks would influence the design,costs and routing of CO2pipelines. This article assesses locational and societal risks of CO2pipelinetransport and analyses whether rerouting or implementing additional risk mitigation measures is

Valoración del impacto ambiental de la actividad minera artesanal en la mina Rinconada - Puno

OpenAIRE

Aquino Pacheco, Ariel Pepe

2008-01-01

La sustentabilidad ambiental, como elemento fundamental del desarrollo económico y social, en escenarios cada vez más descentralizados y competitivos, tiene entre otros desafíos; el diagnóstico, identificar los impactos ambientales y valorar cualitativa-cuantitativamente los impactos ambientales dentro del complejo ambiente minero de la Rinconada-Puno. El presente informe de investigación: VALORACIÓN DEL IMPACTO. AMBIENTAL DE LA ACTIVIDAD MINERA ARTESANAL EN LA MINA RINCONADA-PUNO, trata de r...

Marine and Hydrokinetic Renewable Energy Technologies: Potential Navigational Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cool, Richard, M.; Hudon, Thomas, J.; Basco, David, R.; Rondorf, Neil, E.

2009-12-10

On April 15, 2008, the Department of Energy (DOE) issued a Funding Opportunity Announcement for Advanced Water Power Projects which included a Topic Area for Marine and Hydrokinetic Renewable Energy Market Acceleration Projects. Within this Topic Area, DOE identified potential navigational impacts of marine and hydrokinetic renewable energy technologies and measures to prevent adverse impacts on navigation as a sub-topic area. DOE defines marine and hydrokinetic technologies as those capable of utilizing one or more of the following resource categories for energy generation: ocean waves; tides or ocean currents; free flowing water in rivers or streams; and energy generation from the differentials in ocean temperature. PCCI was awarded Cooperative Agreement DE-FC36-08GO18177 from the DOE to identify the potential navigational impacts and mitigation measures for marine hydrokinetic technologies, as summarized herein. The contract also required cooperation with the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) and two recipients of awards (Pacific Energy Ventures and reVision) in a sub-topic area to develop a protocol to identify streamlined, best-siting practices. Over the period of this contract, PCCI and our sub-consultants, David Basco, Ph.D., and Neil Rondorf of Science Applications International Corporation, met with USCG headquarters personnel, with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers headquarters and regional personnel, with U.S. Navy regional personnel and other ocean users in order to develop an understanding of existing practices for the identification of navigational impacts that might occur during construction, operation, maintenance, and decommissioning. At these same meetings, “standard” and potential mitigation measures were discussed so that guidance could be prepared for project developers. Concurrently, PCCI reviewed navigation guidance published by the USCG and international community. This report summarizes the results of this effort, provides guidance in the form of a

Large-scale assessment of flood risk and the effects of mitigation measures along the Elbe River

NARCIS (Netherlands)

de Kok, Jean-Luc; Grossmann, M.

2010-01-01

The downstream effects of flood risk mitigation measures and the necessity to develop flood risk management strategies that are effective on a basin scale call for a flood risk assessment methodology that can be applied at the scale of a large river. We present an example of a rapid flood risk

Simulation studies on measures to mitigate ion clouds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Babu Ganta, Prasanth; Masood, Ahmed; Rienen, Ursula van [Universitaet Rostock, Institut fuer Allgemeine Elektrotechnik (Germany); Sauerland, Dennis; Hillert, Wolfgang [Physikalisches Institut der Universitaet Bonn, ELSA (Germany); Meseck, Atoosa [HZB, Institut Beschleunigerphysik, Berlin (Germany)

2016-07-01

For future Energy Recovery Linacs (ERL), parasitic ions, which are generated by collisions of the beam and the rest gas in the vacuum chamber, present a limiting factor for the high current-low emittance electron beams. Clearing gaps, clearing electrodes and appropriate filling patterns are a remedy to keep the ion density in the accelerator at a level that allows for a minimum stability of the beam parameters. The MOEVE PIC Tracking code, which employs a 2D wake matrix, enables tracking simulations of the ion distribution over a relatively long period of up to thousands of interactions with the passing bunches. It enables to develop a deeper understanding of the ion-cloud behavior in order to design appropriate measures for their mitigation. For certain cases, it is sufficient to study the problem in 2D. Therefore, an additional 2D solver shall be implemented into MOEVE PIC Tracking in order to reduce the computation times. Numerical studies of ion cloud dynamics in beam guiding magnets and drift sections of electron machines will be shown and compared with experimental results obtained at the ELSA facility.

Airflow measurement techniques applied to radon mitigation problems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harrje, D.T.; Gadsby, K.J.

1989-01-01

During the past decade a multitude of diagnostic procedures associated with the evaluation of air infiltration and air leakage sites have been developed. The spirit of international cooperation and exchange of ideas within the AIC-AIVC conferences has greatly facilitated the adoption and use of these measurement techniques in the countries participating in Annex V. But wide application of such diagnostic methods are not limited to air infiltration alone. The subject of this paper concerns the ways to evaluate and improve radon reduction in buildings using diagnostic methods directly related to developments familiar to the AIVC. Radon problems are certainly not unique to the United States, and the methods described here have to a degree been applied by researchers of other countries faced with similar problems. The radon problem involves more than a harmful pollutant of the living spaces of our buildings -- it also involves energy to operate radon removal equipment and the loss of interior conditioned air as a direct result. The techniques used for air infiltration evaluation will be shown to be very useful in dealing with the radon mitigation challenge. 10 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab

Evaluating the effectiveness of urban energy conservation and GHG mitigation measures: The case of Xiamen city, China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin Jianyi; Cao Bin; Cui Shenghui; Wang Wei; Bai Xuemei

2010-01-01

To assess the effectiveness of urban energy conservation and GHG mitigation measures, a detailed Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) model is developed and applied to analyze the future trends of energy demand and GHG emissions in Xiamen city. Two scenarios have been designed to describe the future energy strategies in relation to the development of Xiamen city. The 'Business as Usual' scenario assumes that the government will do nothing to influence the long-term trends of urban energy demand. An 'Integrated' scenario, on the other hand, is generated to assess the cumulative impact of a series of available reduction measures: clean energy substitution, industrial energy conservation, combined heat and power generation, energy conservation in building, motor vehicle control, and new and renewable energy development and utilization. The reduction potentials in energy consumption and GHG emissions are estimated for a time span of 2007-2020 under these different scenarios. The calculation results in Xiamen show that the clean energy substitution measure is the most effective in terms of energy saving and GHG emissions mitigation, while the industrial sector has the largest abatement potential.

Economic aspects of hydro geological risk mitigation measures management in Italy: the ReNDiS project experience

Science.gov (United States)

Spizzichino, D.; Campobasso, C.; Gallozzi, P. L.; Dessi', B.; Traversa, F.

2009-04-01

ReNDiS project is a useful tool for monitoring, analysis and management of information data on mitigation measures and restoration works of soil protection at national scale. The main scope of the project, and related monitoring activities, is to improve the knowledge about the use of national funds and efforts against floods and landslides risk and, as a consequence, to better address the preventive policies in future. Since 1999 after the disastrous mudflow event occurred in Sarno in 1998, which caused the loss of 160 human lives, an extraordinary effort was conducted by the Italian Government in order to promote preventive measures against the hydro geological risk over the entire Italian territory. The Italian Ministry for the Environment promoted several and annual soil protection programmes. The ReNDiS project (Repertory of mitigation measures for National Soil Protection) is carried out by ISPRA - Institute for Environmental protection and Research, with the aim of improving the knowledge about the results of preventive policies against floods and landslides in order to better address national funds as requested by the Minister itself. The repertory is composed by a main archive and two secondary interface, the first for direct data management (ReNDiS-ist) and the latter (ReNDiS-web) for the on-line access and public consultation. At present, ReNDiS database contains about 3000 records concerning those programmes, focused on restoration works but including also information on landslide typologies and processes. The monitoring project is developed taking into account all the information about each step of every mitigation measure from the initial funding phase until the end of the work. During present work, we have statistically analyzed the ReNDiS database in order to highlight the conformity between the characteristic and type of the hazard (identified in a specific area) and the corresponding mitigation measures adopted for risk reduction. Through specific

Effects of road mortality and mitigation measures on amphibian populations.

Science.gov (United States)

Beebee, Trevor J C

2013-08-01

Road mortality is a widely recognized but rarely quantified threat to the viability of amphibian populations. The global extent of the problem is substantial and factors affecting the number of animals killed on highways include life-history traits and landscape features. Secondary effects include genetic isolation due to roads acting as barriers to migration. Long-term effects of roads on population dynamics are often severe and mitigation methods include volunteer rescues and under-road tunnels. Despite the development of methods that reduce road kill in specific locations, especially under-road tunnels and culverts, there is scant evidence that such measures will protect populations over the long term. There also seems little likelihood that funding will be forthcoming to ameliorate the problem at the scale necessary to prevent further population declines. © 2013 Society for Conservation Biology.

INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR ENHANCING EARTHQUAKE RISK MITIGATION DECISIONS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Temitope Egbelakin

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The increasing scale of losses from earthquake disasters has reinforced the need for property owners to become proactive in seismic risk reduction programs. However, despite advancement in seismic design methods and legislative frameworks, building owners are found unwilling or lack motivation to adopt adequate mitigation measures that will reduce their vulnerability to earthquake disasters. Various theories and empirical findings have been used to explain the adoption of protective behaviours including seismic mitigation decisions, but their application has been inadequate to enhance building owners’ protective decisions. A holistic framework that incorporates the motivational orientations of decision-making, coupled with the social, cultural, economic, regulatory, institutional and political realms of earthquake risk mitigation to enhance building owners’ decisions to voluntarily implement adequate mitigation measures, is proposed. This framework attempts to address any multi-disciplinary barriers that exist in earthquake disaster management, by ensuring that stakeholders involved in seismic mitigation decisions work together to foster seismic rehabilitation of EPBs, as well as illuminate strategies that will initiate, promote and sustain the adoption of long-term earthquake mitigation. .

32 CFR Appendix C to Part 651 - Mitigation and Monitoring

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

...) The identification and evaluation of mitigations involves the use of experts familiar with the... role in the mitigation. The lead agency must determine and agree upon how the mitigation measures will...

Measuring the effectiveness of SDN mitigations against cyber attacks

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Koning, R.; de Graaff, B.; Meijer, R.; de Laat, C.; Grosso, P.

2017-01-01

To address increasing problems caused by cyber attacks, we leverage Software Defined networks and Network Function Virtualisation governed by a SARNET-agent to enable autonomous response and attack mitigation. A Secure Autonomous Response Network (SARNET) uses a control loop to constantly assess the

Lessons Learnt and Mitigation Measures for the CERN LHC Equipment with RF fingers

CERN Document Server

Métral, E; Assmann, R W; Baglin, V; Barnes, M J; Berrig, O E; Bertarelli, A; Bregliozzi, G; Calatroni, S; Carra, F; Caspers, F; Day, H A; Ferro-Luzzi, M; Gallilee, M A; Garion, C; Garlasche, M; Grudiev, A; Jimenez, J M; Jones, R; Kononenko, O; Losito, R; Nougaret, J L; Parma, V; Redaelli, S; Salvant, B; Strubin, P; Veness, R; Vollinger, C; Weterings, W

2013-01-01

Beam-induced RF heating has been observed in several LHC components when the bunch/beam intensity was increased and/or the bunch length reduced. In particular eight bellows, out of the ten double-bellow modules present in the machine in 2011, were found with the spring, which should keep the RF fingers in good electrical contact with the central insert, broken. Following these observations, the designs of all the components of the LHC equipped with RF fingers have been reviewed. The lessons learnt and mitigation measures are presented in this paper.

origen e impactos de dinópolis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raúl Lardiés Bosque

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El parque temático de Dinópolis se ha convertido en uno de los principales atractivos de la provincia de Teruel. Desde que el parque empezó a funcionar en junio de 2001, ya se han empezado a detectar algunos cambios de tipo socioeconómico, no sólo por el aumento del número de visitantes y turistas que llegan a la ciudad de Teruel, sino también por los impactos indirectos que esa afluencia genera en el sector turístico y comercial. En este artículo se analiza la puesta en marcha del proyecto y sus orígenes, así como la influencia socioeconómica que está teniendo a escala local. El enfoque que se ha adoptado es el de considerar a Dinópolis como una herramienta/estrategia de desarrollo local, puesto que se está convertiendo en un reclamo turístico y de visitantes para la ciudad, y porque todo ello genera impactos indirectos importantes en diversos sectores y ramas económicas.

Consequence of climate mitigation on the risk of hunger.

Science.gov (United States)

Hasegawa, Tomoko; Fujimori, Shinichiro; Shin, Yonghee; Tanaka, Akemi; Takahashi, Kiyoshi; Masui, Toshihiko

2015-06-16

Climate change and mitigation measures have three major impacts on food consumption and the risk of hunger: (1) changes in crop yields caused by climate change; (2) competition for land between food crops and energy crops driven by the use of bioenergy; and (3) costs associated with mitigation measures taken to meet an emissions reduction target that keeps the global average temperature increase to 2 °C. In this study, we combined a global computable general equilibrium model and a crop model (M-GAEZ), and we quantified the three impacts on risk of hunger through 2050 based on the uncertainty range associated with 12 climate models and one economic and demographic scenario. The strong mitigation measures aimed at attaining the 2 °C target reduce the negative effects of climate change on yields but have large negative impacts on the risk of hunger due to mitigation costs in the low-income countries. We also found that in a strongly carbon-constrained world, the change in food consumption resulting from mitigation measures depends more strongly on the change in incomes than the change in food prices.

Mitigating Reptile Road Mortality: Fence Failures Compromise Ecopassage Effectiveness

Science.gov (United States)

Baxter-Gilbert, James H.; Riley, Julia L.; Lesbarrères, David; Litzgus, Jacqueline D.

2015-01-01

Roadways pose serious threats to animal populations. The installation of roadway mitigation measures is becoming increasingly common, yet studies that rigorously evaluate the effectiveness of these conservation tools remain rare. A highway expansion project in Ontario, Canada included exclusion fencing and ecopassages as mitigation measures designed to offset detrimental effects to one of the most imperial groups of vertebrates, reptiles. Taking a multispecies approach, we used a Before-After-Control-Impact study design to compare reptile abundance on the highway before and after mitigation at an Impact site and a Control site from 1 May to 31 August in 2012 and 2013. During this time, radio telemetry, wildlife cameras, and an automated PIT-tag reading system were used to monitor reptile movements and use of ecopassages. Additionally, a willingness to utilize experiment was conducted to quantify turtle behavioral responses to ecopassages. We found no difference in abundance of turtles on the road between the un-mitigated and mitigated highways, and an increase in the percentage of both snakes and turtles detected dead on the road post-mitigation, suggesting that the fencing was not effective. Although ecopassages were used by reptiles, the number of crossings through ecopassages was lower than road-surface crossings. Furthermore, turtle willingness to use ecopassages was lower than that reported in previous arena studies, suggesting that effectiveness of ecopassages may be compromised when alternative crossing options are available (e.g., through holes in exclusion structures). Our rigorous evaluation of reptile roadway mitigation demonstrated that when exclusion structures fail, the effectiveness of population connectivity structures is compromised. Our project emphasizes the need to design mitigation measures with the biology and behavior of the target species in mind, to implement mitigation designs in a rigorous fashion, and quantitatively evaluate road

Mitigating reptile road mortality: fence failures compromise ecopassage effectiveness.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

James H Baxter-Gilbert

Full Text Available Roadways pose serious threats to animal populations. The installation of roadway mitigation measures is becoming increasingly common, yet studies that rigorously evaluate the effectiveness of these conservation tools remain rare. A highway expansion project in Ontario, Canada included exclusion fencing and ecopassages as mitigation measures designed to offset detrimental effects to one of the most imperial groups of vertebrates, reptiles. Taking a multispecies approach, we used a Before-After-Control-Impact study design to compare reptile abundance on the highway before and after mitigation at an Impact site and a Control site from 1 May to 31 August in 2012 and 2013. During this time, radio telemetry, wildlife cameras, and an automated PIT-tag reading system were used to monitor reptile movements and use of ecopassages. Additionally, a willingness to utilize experiment was conducted to quantify turtle behavioral responses to ecopassages. We found no difference in abundance of turtles on the road between the un-mitigated and mitigated highways, and an increase in the percentage of both snakes and turtles detected dead on the road post-mitigation, suggesting that the fencing was not effective. Although ecopassages were used by reptiles, the number of crossings through ecopassages was lower than road-surface crossings. Furthermore, turtle willingness to use ecopassages was lower than that reported in previous arena studies, suggesting that effectiveness of ecopassages may be compromised when alternative crossing options are available (e.g., through holes in exclusion structures. Our rigorous evaluation of reptile roadway mitigation demonstrated that when exclusion structures fail, the effectiveness of population connectivity structures is compromised. Our project emphasizes the need to design mitigation measures with the biology and behavior of the target species in mind, to implement mitigation designs in a rigorous fashion, and quantitatively

Vulnerability to Urban Heat Island in São Paulo Municipality: An Approach to Support the Mitigation Measures Implementation in Urban Planning

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juliana Siqueira-Gay

2017-10-01

Full Text Available In the practice of urban and environmental planning, especially in the context of adaptation to environmental changes, there is a demand for studies that integrate social, economic and environmental information of the population and related risk. Particularly in large urban centers, waterproofing and verticalization have the potential to increase local air temperature, triggering the phenomenon of heat islands. Therefore, this phenomenon has side effects such as public health problems, pollution and changes in the air circulation. In view of the risks and consequences of the urban heat islands, this paper aims to analyze the priority areas for implementing measures to mitigate the effects of the urban heat islands phenomenon in São Paulo City (Brazil. A vulnerability index was proposed considering the social and environmental dimensions, relating the capacity of adaptation, sensitivity and exposure to the occurrence of the phenomenon of urban heat islands. Besides that, measures to mitigate the effects associated with heat islands in urban planning were identified. The central regions are critical for exposure and the outskirts, for adaptive capacity and sensitivity, both considered priorities for the implementation of mitigation measures. In addition, strategies such as implementation and conservation of green spaces, preservation of water bodies, urban design change, as well as use of materials with high reflectance are also listed and partially foreseen in the Municipal Strategic Master Plan to mitigate the effects of urban heat island.

Proyectar con la naturaleza mediante la Metodología de los Estudios de Impacto Ambiental en ordenaciones residenciales

OpenAIRE

Higueras García, Esther

2013-01-01

Proyectar con la naturaleza mediante la Metodología de los Estudios de Impacto Ambiental en ordenaciones residenciales .- Procedimiento de acción en la planificación ambiental .- Las técnicas de agregación de impactos .- Las afecciones de los planes de ordenación sobre el territorio. .- Las medidas preventivas y correctoras de planes .- Evaluación critica de los estudios de impacto ambiental

Bioenergy as a Mitigation Measure

Science.gov (United States)

Dass, P.; Brovkin, V.; Müller, C.; Cramer, W.

2011-12-01

Numerous studies have shown that bioenergy, being one of the renewable energies with the lowest costs, is expected to play an important role in the near future as climate change mitigation measure. Current practices of converting crop products such as carbohydrates or plant oils to ethanol or biodiesel have limited capabilities to curb emission. Moreover, they compete with food production for the most fertile lands. Thus, second generation bioenergy technologies are being developed to process lignocellulosic plant materials from fast growing tree and grass species. A number of deforestation experiments using Earth System models have shown that in the mid- to high latitudes, deforested surface albedo strongly increases in presence of snow. This biophysical effect causes cooling, which could dominate over the biogeochemical warming effect because of the carbon emissions due to deforestation. In order to find out the global bioenergy potential of extensive plantations in the mid- to high latitudes, and the resultant savings in carbon emissions, we use the dynamic global vegetation model LPJmL run at a high spatial resolution of 0.5°. It represents both natural and managed ecosystems, including the cultivation of cellulosic energy crops. LPJmL is run with 21st century projections of climate and atmospheric CO2 concentration based on the IPCC-SRES business as usual or A2 scenario. Latitudes above 45° in both hemispheres are deforested and planted with crops having the highest bioenergy return for the respective pixels of the model. The rest of the Earth has natural vegetation. The agricultural management intensity values are used such that it results in the best approximation for 1999 - 2003 national yields of wheat and maize as reported by FAOSTAT 2009. Four different scenarios of land management are used ranging from an idealistic or best case scenario, where all limitations of soil and terrain properties are managed to the worst case scenario where none of these

Investigation of radon entry and effectiveness of mitigation measures in seven houses in New Jersey: Midproject report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matthews, T.G.; Dudney, C.S.; Monar, K.P.; Landguth, D.C.; Wilson, D.L.; Hawthorne, A.R.; Hubbard, L.M.; Gadsby, K.J.; Bohac, D.L.; Decker, C.A.

1987-12-01

A detailed radon mitigation study is in progress in 14 homes in the New Jersey Piedmont area. The principal goals are the refinement of diagnostic measurements for selection and implementation of mitigation systems, and the reduction of radon concentrations to acceptable levels inside the study houses. Monitoring stations were installed in each home in October, 1986. Instrumented measurements included: basement and upstairs radon; differential pressures across the basement/subslag, basement/upstairs and basement/outdoor interfaces; temperatures at basement, upstairs and outdoor locations; and central air handler usage. A weather station was located at one house, monitoring wind speed and direction; barometric pressure; precipitation; soil temperature; and outdoor temperature and relative humidity. A time-averaged value of all of the above parameters was recorded every 30 min. Several additional parameters were monitored on an intermittent basis in all or selected homes. These include multizone air infiltration rates which have been measured in all homes using passive perfluorocarbon tracers (PFT) and in two homes using a constant concentration tracer gas system (CCTG). Total radon progeny, soil gas radon concentration and permeability characteristics, and gamma radiation levels were also monitored periodically in all study homes. 10 refs., 53 figs.

Investigation of radon entry and effectiveness of mitigation measures in seven houses in New Jersey: Midproject report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matthews, T.G.; Dudney, C.S.; Monar, K.P.

1987-12-01

A detailed radon mitigation study is in progress in 14 homes in the New Jersey Piedmont area. The principal goals are the refinement of diagnostic measurements for selection and implementation of mitigation systems, and the reduction of radon concentrations to acceptable levels inside the study houses. Monitoring stations were installed in each home in October, 1986. Instrumented measurements included: basement and upstairs radon; differential pressures across the basement/subslag, basement/upstairs and basement/outdoor interfaces; temperatures at basement, upstairs and outdoor locations; and central air handler usage. A weather station was located at one house, monitoring wind speed and direction; barometric pressure; precipitation; soil temperature; and outdoor temperature and relative humidity. A time-averaged value of all of the above parameters was recorded every 30 min. Several additional parameters were monitored on an intermittent basis in all or selected homes. These include multizone air infiltration rates which have been measured in all homes using passive perfluorocarbon tracers (PFT) and in two homes using a constant concentration tracer gas system (CCTG). Total radon progeny, soil gas radon concentration and permeability characteristics, and gamma radiation levels were also monitored periodically in all study homes. 10 refs., 53 figs

Control borroso para la valoración del impacto ambiental generado por contaminantes emergentes en aguas residuales hospitalarias

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leadina Sánchez Barboza

2015-06-01

Full Text Available La valoración de impactos ambientales está sujeta a imprecisión, vaguedad y subjetividad. Estas características son extensivas al impacto generado por la presencia de contaminantes emergentes -fármacos- en aguas residuales hospitalarias, por lo que este trabajo propone valorar el impacto de dichos contaminantes mediante un sistema de inferencia borrosa, utilizando el toolbox fuzzy logic de MATLAB®, aplicando el sistema experto Mamdani. Los conjuntos borrosos de entrada se establecieron a partir de las concentraciones de los fármacos mediante variables lingüísticas definidas por medio de funciones de pertenencia trapezoidales, y el conjunto borroso de salida comprende la magnitud del impacto definida a través de una función de pertenencia triangular. Posteriormente, se obtuvo una valoración (en escala de 0 a 100 para concentraciones de fármacos máximas y promedios presentes en el agua residual, y por último, con estos valores se determina la magnitud del impacto ambiental a través del sistema de inferencia borrosa diseñado. El tratamiento borroso es útil para valorar los impactos ambientales en aguas residuales de contaminantes emergentes como los compuestos farmacéuticos.

How Effective Is Road Mitigation at Reducing Road-Kill? A Meta-Analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Rytwinski, Trina; Soanes, Kylie; Jaeger, Jochen A G; Fahrig, Lenore; Findlay, C Scott; Houlahan, Jeff; van der Ree, Rodney; van der Grift, Edgar A

2016-01-01

Road traffic kills hundreds of millions of animals every year, posing a critical threat to the populations of many species. To address this problem there are more than forty types of road mitigation measures available that aim to reduce wildlife mortality on roads (road-kill). For road planners, deciding on what mitigation method to use has been problematic because there is little good information about the relative effectiveness of these measures in reducing road-kill, and the costs of these measures vary greatly. We conducted a meta-analysis using data from 50 studies that quantified the relationship between road-kill and a mitigation measure designed to reduce road-kill. Overall, mitigation measures reduce road-kill by 40% compared to controls. Fences, with or without crossing structures, reduce road-kill by 54%. We found no detectable effect on road-kill of crossing structures without fencing. We found that comparatively expensive mitigation measures reduce large mammal road-kill much more than inexpensive measures. For example, the combination of fencing and crossing structures led to an 83% reduction in road-kill of large mammals, compared to a 57% reduction for animal detection systems, and only a 1% for wildlife reflectors. We suggest that inexpensive measures such as reflectors should not be used until and unless their effectiveness is tested using a high-quality experimental approach. Our meta-analysis also highlights the fact that there are insufficient data to answer many of the most pressing questions that road planners ask about the effectiveness of road mitigation measures, such as whether other less common mitigation measures (e.g., measures to reduce traffic volume and/or speed) reduce road mortality, or to what extent the attributes of crossing structures and fences influence their effectiveness. To improve evaluations of mitigation effectiveness, studies should incorporate data collection before the mitigation is applied, and we recommend a

How Effective Is Road Mitigation at Reducing Road-Kill? A Meta-Analysis.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Trina Rytwinski

Full Text Available Road traffic kills hundreds of millions of animals every year, posing a critical threat to the populations of many species. To address this problem there are more than forty types of road mitigation measures available that aim to reduce wildlife mortality on roads (road-kill. For road planners, deciding on what mitigation method to use has been problematic because there is little good information about the relative effectiveness of these measures in reducing road-kill, and the costs of these measures vary greatly. We conducted a meta-analysis using data from 50 studies that quantified the relationship between road-kill and a mitigation measure designed to reduce road-kill. Overall, mitigation measures reduce road-kill by 40% compared to controls. Fences, with or without crossing structures, reduce road-kill by 54%. We found no detectable effect on road-kill of crossing structures without fencing. We found that comparatively expensive mitigation measures reduce large mammal road-kill much more than inexpensive measures. For example, the combination of fencing and crossing structures led to an 83% reduction in road-kill of large mammals, compared to a 57% reduction for animal detection systems, and only a 1% for wildlife reflectors. We suggest that inexpensive measures such as reflectors should not be used until and unless their effectiveness is tested using a high-quality experimental approach. Our meta-analysis also highlights the fact that there are insufficient data to answer many of the most pressing questions that road planners ask about the effectiveness of road mitigation measures, such as whether other less common mitigation measures (e.g., measures to reduce traffic volume and/or speed reduce road mortality, or to what extent the attributes of crossing structures and fences influence their effectiveness. To improve evaluations of mitigation effectiveness, studies should incorporate data collection before the mitigation is applied, and we

How Effective Is Road Mitigation at Reducing Road-Kill? A Meta-Analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Rytwinski, Trina; Soanes, Kylie; Jaeger, Jochen A. G.; Fahrig, Lenore; Findlay, C. Scott; Houlahan, Jeff; van der Ree, Rodney; van der Grift, Edgar A

2016-01-01

Road traffic kills hundreds of millions of animals every year, posing a critical threat to the populations of many species. To address this problem there are more than forty types of road mitigation measures available that aim to reduce wildlife mortality on roads (road-kill). For road planners, deciding on what mitigation method to use has been problematic because there is little good information about the relative effectiveness of these measures in reducing road-kill, and the costs of these measures vary greatly. We conducted a meta-analysis using data from 50 studies that quantified the relationship between road-kill and a mitigation measure designed to reduce road-kill. Overall, mitigation measures reduce road-kill by 40% compared to controls. Fences, with or without crossing structures, reduce road-kill by 54%. We found no detectable effect on road-kill of crossing structures without fencing. We found that comparatively expensive mitigation measures reduce large mammal road-kill much more than inexpensive measures. For example, the combination of fencing and crossing structures led to an 83% reduction in road-kill of large mammals, compared to a 57% reduction for animal detection systems, and only a 1% for wildlife reflectors. We suggest that inexpensive measures such as reflectors should not be used until and unless their effectiveness is tested using a high-quality experimental approach. Our meta-analysis also highlights the fact that there are insufficient data to answer many of the most pressing questions that road planners ask about the effectiveness of road mitigation measures, such as whether other less common mitigation measures (e.g., measures to reduce traffic volume and/or speed) reduce road mortality, or to what extent the attributes of crossing structures and fences influence their effectiveness. To improve evaluations of mitigation effectiveness, studies should incorporate data collection before the mitigation is applied, and we recommend a

Preventable and mitigable adverse events in cancer care: Measuring risk and harm across the continuum.

Science.gov (United States)

Lipitz-Snyderman, Allison; Pfister, David; Classen, David; Atoria, Coral L; Killen, Aileen; Epstein, Andrew S; Anderson, Christopher; Fortier, Elizabeth; Weingart, Saul N

2017-12-01

Patient safety is a critical concern in clinical oncology, but the ability to measure adverse events (AEs) across cancer care is limited by a narrow focus on treatment-related toxicities. The objective of this study was to assess the nature and extent of AEs among cancer patients across inpatient and outpatient settings. This was a retrospective cohort study of 400 adult patients selected by stratified random sampling who had breast (n = 128), colorectal (n = 136), or lung cancer (n = 136) treated at a comprehensive cancer center in 2012. Candidate AEs, or injuries due to medical care, were identified by trained nurse reviewers over the course of 1 year from medical records and safety-reporting databases. Physicians determined the AE harm severity and the likelihood of preventability and harm mitigation. The 400-patient sample represented 133,358 days of follow-up. Three hundred four AEs were identified for an overall rate of 2.3 events per 1000 patient days (91.2 per 1000 inpatient days and 0.9 per 1000 outpatient days). Thirty-four percent of the patients had 1 or more AEs (95% confidence interval, 29%-39%), and 16% of the patients had 1 or more preventable or mitigable AEs (95% confidence interval, 13%-20%). The AE rate for patients with breast cancer was lower than the rate for patients with colorectal or lung cancer (P ≤ .001). The preventable or mitigable AE rate was 0.9 per 1000 patient days. Six percent of AEs and 4% of preventable AEs resulted in serious harm. Examples included lymphedema, abscess, and renal failure. A heavy burden of AEs, including preventable or mitigable events, has been identified. Future research should examine risk factors and improvement strategies for reducing their burden. Cancer 2017;123:4728-4736. © 2017 American Cancer Society. © 2017 American Cancer Society.

Radon mitigation in private dwellings. Summary of measures under the National Action Plan against Cancer in Norway 1999-2003

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aanestad, K.; Strand, T.; Hoegmo, T.; Skjennem, M.; Jensen, C. L.; Hoelsbrekken, S.

2006-01-01

The report summarizes the remedial measurements carried out under the National Action Plan against Cancer in Norway in the period 1999-2003.The cost effectiveness of the state subsidized remedial measures against radon is evaluated. Other measurements under the National Action Plan against Cancer have also been evaluated, such as measurements of radon in 38.000 dwellings in 158 municipalities, information measures, and actions to increase radon mitigation competence in the building construction industry and in the municipalities. (Author)

40 CFR 93.160 - Mitigation of air quality impacts.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Mitigation of air quality impacts. 93... quality impacts. (a) Any measures that are intended to mitigate air quality impacts must be identified and..., the revised text is set forth as follows: § 93.160 Mitigation of air quality impacts. (e) When...

Medidas preventivas, correctoras y compensatorias del impacto ecológico de carreteras

OpenAIRE

Aizpurúa Giráldez, Nerea

2011-01-01

Las medidas preventivas, correctoras y compensatorias empleadas en los proyectos de carretera son uno de los elementos clave para conseguir la integración ambiental de estas infraestructuras. De ellas dependerá que los posibles impactos ambientales generados durante su construcción y explotación no supongan un detrimento inadmisible de la calidad ambiental. La tipología de medidas que se vienen aplicando desde hace más de veinte años en durante el proceso de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (E...

Estimacion del impacto economico de la sequia agricola en el cultivo de maiz

OpenAIRE

Gallardo Ballat, Yurisbel; Brown Manrique, Oscar

2016-01-01

Se realiza una investigacion para determinar el impacto economico que provoca la sequia agricola en el cultivo de maiz en el municipio Venezuela. Se establecen tres escenarios de precipitaciones: seco, normal y lluvioso, asi como los niveles de impactos (bajo, medio y alto) a los que puede estar sometido el cultivo en condiciones de secano. En la investigacion se emplea la matriz de riesgo como herramienta fundamental para la determinacion de perdidas y ganancias financieras, teniendo en cuen...

Hacia una memorización de los signos de los impactos cruzados entre variables estratégicas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ali Smida

2010-04-01

Full Text Available A la expresión “todo lo demás permanece constante” (del latín “ceteris paribus”, apreciada por los economistas, los seguidores de la prospectiva oponen la expresión “todo lo demás está cambiando”. Razón por la cual han desarrollado herramientas, en particular los escenarios y las matrices de impactos cruzados, que han puesto a disposición de la estrategia. Los escenarios han tenido un gran éxito en este campo, pero las matrices de impactos cruzados han tenido problemas para ser adoptadas por los estrategas de la empresa. Una de las desventajas de estas matrices es que son “amnésicas” en cuanto a los signos negativos de los impactos causados o experimentados por los actores o las variables. Hay, en efecto, una pérdida de información una vez que se pasa a los impactos indirectos, en la medida que el producto de un número par de signos negativos produce un signo positivo: en consecuencia las oposiciones son ocultadas. Este artículo propone un método que permite encontrar el rastro de los impactos negativos a lo largo de una cadena de acciones y reacciones. Para lo cual se realiza, a manera de ilustración, el estudio de los impactos positivos y negativos entre las variables estratégicas vinculadas al financiamiento de los hogares para los adultos mayores dependientes en Francia (EHPAD, por su sigla en idioma francés. En efecto, los impactos introducidos por la adhesión y la oposición de los protagonistas a la inclusión de los medicamentos en el precio de un programa integral de cuidados han producido una avalancha de textos legislativos y reglamentarios contradictorios que pueden llegar a comprometer el futuro de los EHPAD.

Un modelo para evaluar y optimizar el impacto espacial de las inversiones en regeneración urbana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Cervelló Royo

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo presenta un modelo para el análisis y optimización del impacto espacial de las políticas urbanísticas de los gobiernos locales en materia de regeneración urbana y rehabilitación de zonas históricas degradadas. Partiendo del volumen de inversión y de la localización de las intervenciones públicas, se propone un índice de impacto de las mismas. La distribución espacial de estos índices de impacto en la zona de influencia de la intervención servirán de base para el análisis; así, fijándonos unos objetivos concretos del centro decisor sobre la homogeneidad de esta distribución, planteamos un modelo que de acuerdo al principio de equidad territorial nos permite asignar el presupuesto disponible entre las distintas localizaciones fijadas a priori. Mediante la comparación de la distribución espacial de los índices de impacto obtenidos podremos obtener una medida de evaluación del proceso de intervención y del impacto del mismo. Clasificación JEL: R00, R51, R53.

Hungry Horse Mitigation : Flathead Lake : Annual Progress Report 2008.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hansen, Barry; Evarts, Les [Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes

2009-08-06

The Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes (CSKT) and Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks (MFWP) wrote the 'Fisheries Mitigation Plan for Losses Attributable to the Construction and Operation of Hungry Horse Dam' in March 1991 to define the fisheries losses, mitigation alternatives and recommendations to protect, mitigate and enhance resident fish and aquatic habitat affected by Hungry Horse Dam. On November 12, 1991, the Northwest Power Planning Council (NPPC) approved the mitigation plan with minor modifications, called for a detailed implementation plan, and amended measures 903(h)(1) through (7). A long-term mitigation plan was submitted in August 1992, was approved by the Council in 1993, and the first contract for this project was signed on November 11, 1993. The problem this project addresses is the loss of habitat, both in quality and quantity, in the Flathead Lake and River basin resulting from the construction and operation of Hungry Horse Dam. The purpose of the project is to both implement mitigation measures and monitor the biological responses to those measures including those implemented by Project Numbers 9101903 and 9101904. Goals and objectives of the 1994 Fish and Wildlife Program (Section 10.1) addressed by this project are the rebuilding to sustainable levels weak, but recoverable, native populations injured by the hydropower system. The project mitigates the blockage of spawning runs by Hungry Horse Dam by restoring and even creating spawning habitats within direct drainages to Flathead Lake. The project also addresses the altered habitat within Flathead Lake resulting from species shifts and consequent dominance of new species that restricts the potential success of mitigation measures. Specific goals of this project are to create and restore habitat and quantitatively monitor changes in fish populations to verify the efficacy of our mitigation measures. The project consists of three components: monitoring, restoration and research

Hungry Horse Mitigation : Flathead Lake : Annual Progress Report 2007.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hansen, Barry; Evarts, Les [Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes

2008-12-22

The Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes (CSKT) and Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks (MFWP) wrote the 'Fisheries Mitigation Plan for Losses Attributable to the Construction and Operation of Hungry Horse Dam' in March 1991 to define the fisheries losses, mitigation alternatives and recommendations to protect, mitigate and enhance resident fish and aquatic habitat affected by Hungry Horse Dam. On November 12, 1991, the Northwest Power Planning Council (NPPC) approved the mitigation plan with minor modifications, called for a detailed implementation plan, and amended measures 903(h)(1) through (7). A long-term mitigation plan was submitted in August 1992, was approved by the Council in 1993, and the first contract for this project was signed on November 11, 1993. The problem this project addresses is the loss of habitat, both in quality and quantity, in the Flathead Lake and River basin resulting from the construction and operation of Hungry Horse Dam. The purpose of the project is to both implement mitigation measures and monitor the biological responses to those measures including those implemented by Project Numbers 9101903 and 9101904. Goals and objectives of the 1994 Fish and Wildlife Program (Section 10.1) addressed by this project are the rebuilding to sustainable levels weak, but recoverable, native populations injured by the hydropower system. The project mitigates the blockage of spawning runs by Hungry Horse Dam by restoring and even creating spawning habitats within direct drainages to Flathead Lake. The project also addresses the altered habitat within Flathead Lake resulting from species shifts and consequent dominance of new species that restricts the potential success of mitigation measures. Specific goals of this project are to create and restore habitat and quantitatively monitor changes in fish populations to verify the efficacy of our mitigation measures. The project consists of three components: monitoring, restoration and research

Control borroso para la valoración del impacto ambiental generado por contaminantes emergentes en aguas residuales hospitalarias

OpenAIRE

Leadina Sánchez Barboza

2015-01-01

La valoración de impactos ambientales está sujeta a imprecisión, vaguedad y subjetividad. Estas características son extensivas al impacto generado por la presencia de contaminantes emergentes -fármacos- en aguas residuales hospitalarias, por lo que este trabajo propone valorar el impacto de dichos contaminantes mediante un sistema de inferencia borrosa, utilizando el toolbox fuzzy logic de MATLAB®, aplicando el sistema experto Mamdani. Los conjuntos borrosos de entrada se establecieron a part...

EVALUACION DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL EN OBRAS VIALES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wilfredo Martínez D.

2014-11-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo es escrito, con el propósito de proporcionar elementos técnicos que contribuyan para orientar a los equipos de trabajo multidisciplinario, en valorar objetivamente los impactos ambientales provocados por la construcción de obras civiles y que suscitan el interés del dominio público y profesionales en la materia. Para ello hemos contado con la experiencia acumulada en instituciones gubernamentales y de índole privado y con nuestra experiencia profesional, en la construcción de obras civiles. El contenido del mismo, toma en cuenta varios criterios de especialistas en la materia y recursos disponibles; con ética y rigurosidad técnica. El objetivo de la evaluación de impactos ambientales, es predecir sobre la marcha y a futuro, estados alternativos de recursos y ambiente; convencidos que el cuido de la naturaleza puede convocar la voluntad de todas las partes y lograr trabajar armoniosamente, por la construcción de un futuro con desarrollo sostenible para nuestra nación y generaciones posteriores; satisfaciendo las necesidades del presente, sin poner en riesgo los recursos del futuro.

Aspectos socioeconómicos de la evaluación de impacto ambiental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Echavarren, José Manuel

2007-08-01

Full Text Available This article reviews the methodology and background of the socioeconomic dimension in environment impact evaluations. This text examines the pertinence of Social Sciences in the study of environmental assessment. Likewise, the article deals with the main techniques applied to this field. Special attention is drawn to the concept and research of landscape as a social factor of environment as well as to public participation in the processes of Environmental Impact Assessment research.

El presente artículo revisa la metodología y el fundamento del estudio de los aspectos socioeconómicos de las Evaluaciones de Impacto Ambiental. Se examina la pertinencia de las Ciencias Sociales dentro de los estudios de impacto ambiental, así como las técnicas principales que se aplican en la práctica investigadora al respecto. Se presta atención especial al concepto y al estudio del paisaje como elemento social del medio ambiente, así como a los mecanismos de participación dentro de las dinámicas de las Evaluaciones de Impacto Ambiental.

Knowledge, risk perception and mitigation measures towards Ebola virus disease by potentially exposed bushmeat handlers in north-central Nigeria: Any critical gap?

Science.gov (United States)

Alhaji, N B; Yatswako, S; Oddoh, E Y

2018-02-01

The bushmeat industry has been a topic of increasing importance among public health officials for its influence on zoonotic diseases transmission, such as Ebola virus disease (EVD), a rare and severe infectious disease of humans and non-human primates. This survey assessed knowledge/awareness, risk perceptions and mitigation practices towards EVD among bushmeat handlers in north-central Nigeria. These characteristics are premise to level of preparedness against appropriate risk prevention and control. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January and December 2015 on 395 bushmeat handlers. Descriptive and analytical statistical analyses were performed using Epi-Info 3.5.3 software, and p knowledge than the hunters. Handlers with tertiary education were more likely (OR 3.22; 95% CI: 1.56-6.67) to possess significant satisfactory knowledge/awareness about EVD. Also, vendors were more likely (OR 1.85; 95% CI: 1.01-3.42) to practice satisfactory mitigation measures than the hunters. Only handlers with tertiary education were more likely (OR 2.48; 95% CI: 1.26-4.89) to significantly practice satisfactory mitigation measures against EVD. Although most of the handlers possessed significant knowledge/awareness about EVD, few applied mitigation measures against its infection, which is the challenging gap. There is a need for collaborations between the public health, veterinary and wildlife authorities in the provision of health information to bushmeat handlers on better management of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic viral diseases of wildlife origin. © 2017 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

SISTEMA DE AQUISIÇÃO DE DADOS PARA A MÁQUINA DE IMPACTO CHARPY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jermana Lopes Moraes

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho tem o objetivo de implementar e desenvolver um sistema de aquisição de dados para a máquina de impacto Charpy. Assim, é realizado um estudo da máquina de impacto Charpy, do ensaio de impacto e das ferramentas necessárias para desenvolvimento do projeto. Utiliza-se um acelerômetro para determinar a aceleração nos eixos x e y do pêndulo Charpy durante a realização do ensaio. Para leitura e interpretação dos dados enviados pelo acelerômetro utiliza-se a plataforma de hardware Arduino UNO com software específico. Os dados enviados ao Arduino são apresentados em uma interface gráfica desenvolvida no Matlab. Nesta interface é possível inserir os dados iniciais de ensaio Charpy e apresentar ao usuário final os resultados finais de ensaio, como a energia de impacto, a resistência de impacto e a força necessária para romper o corpo de prova. Além disso, é apresentado ao usuário um gráfico da aceleração ao longo da realização do ensaio e o gráfico de força ao longo do tempo. Desta forma, registram-se os dados em um arquivo específico para análise e estudo posterior. A porcentagem de erro entre o valor medidor no mostrador da máquina e o resultado automatizado não ultrapassa o limite de 8 %.

Propuesta de un modelo para identificar impactos ambientales del turismo en espacios naturales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuela Andrés Abellán

2000-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se propone un modelo para predecir y estimar de forma cualitativa los impactos ambientales que los visitantes de un área recreativa provocan, dependiendo del tipo de actividades que realizan y de las características del paraje. Este método podría servir como herramienta para gestionar el turismo y planificar las áreas recreativas de forma que pueda satisfacerse la demanda de los usuarios sin alterar de forma irreversible los recursos naturales. La aplicación del modelo en distintas áreas recreativas («El Barco, en Cuenca; «Los Chorros del río Mundo, en Albacete y los ((Campamentos de Peñascosa, en Albacete, ha permitido establecer diferentes zonas de impacto potencial, muy útiles para proponer nuevas medidas de gestión de uso público, como la distribución de los visitantes por lugares donde el riesgo de impacto sea menor

Find a Radon Test Kit or Measurement and Mitigation Professional

Science.gov (United States)

Find a qualified radon service professional to fix or mitigate your home. If you have questions about a radon, you should contact your state radon contact and/or contact one or both of the two privately-run National Radon Proficiency Programs

El impacto de la inmigración en la sociedad receptora

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

CARLOTA SOLÉ

2000-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo presenta un modelo para analizar el impacto de la inmigración teniendo en cuenta los condicionantes materiales y los factores institucionales que inciden, mediatizados por los medios de comunicación de masas, en tres dimensiones: la seguridad ciudadana, la identidad cultural y la competencia por los recursos, de la sociedad receptora. Si bien este modelo se diseñó para llevar a cabo el análisis comparativo del impacto de la inmigración en cuatro países del sur de Europa (España, Grecia, Italia, Portugal, el presente artículo recoge los resultados obtenidos para el caso español.

Dynamic strain measurement system with fiber Bragg gratings and noise mitigation techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tosi, D; Olivero, M; Perrone, G

2009-01-01

A low-cost fiber Bragg grating (FBG) vibrometer specifically suited for structural monitoring and aimed at the detection of low-amplitude vibrations is presented. The optical system exploits an intensity modulation principle of operation, while signal processing techniques are used to complement the transducer to improve the performances: a recursive least-squares adaptive filter improves the noise power mitigation by 14 dB, and an efficient spectral estimator permits operating spectral analysis even under high noise conditions. With these methods, a strain sensitivity of 5.6 nε has been achieved in the ±60 µε range. Experimental assessment tests carried out in typical structural monitoring contexts have demonstrated that the developed sensor is well suited to measure mechanical perturbations of different structures

Búsqueda de índices de impacto alternativos al JCR

OpenAIRE

Biblioteca Universitaria. Unidad de Gestión de Publicaciones Periódicas

2011-01-01

Los índices biométricos In-recs, In-recj e In-rech complementan la información obtenida en la base de datos JCR (Journal Citation Reports) con respecto a las publicaciones españolas, proporcionando el índice de impacto de estas publicaciones.

O impacto do uso de ADRs sobre o valor de empresas brasileiras : um estudo de evento

OpenAIRE

Miyazaki, Joel

2010-01-01

Investiga o impacto do uso de ADRs sobre o valor de empresas brasileiras e a eficiência do mercado de capitais. Aborda as hipóteses que podem explicar este impacto e compara os resultados deste estudo com os de outras pesquisas efetuadas no Brasil e sobre ações de outros países.

Towards demand-side solutions for mitigating climate change

Science.gov (United States)

Creutzig, Felix; Roy, Joyashree; Lamb, William F.; Azevedo, Inês M. L.; Bruine de Bruin, Wändi; Dalkmann, Holger; Edelenbosch, Oreane Y.; Geels, Frank W.; Grubler, Arnulf; Hepburn, Cameron; Hertwich, Edgar G.; Khosla, Radhika; Mattauch, Linus; Minx, Jan C.; Ramakrishnan, Anjali; Rao, Narasimha D.; Steinberger, Julia K.; Tavoni, Massimo; Ürge-Vorsatz, Diana; Weber, Elke U.

2018-04-01

Research on climate change mitigation tends to focus on supply-side technology solutions. A better understanding of demand-side solutions is missing. We propose a transdisciplinary approach to identify demand-side climate solutions, investigate their mitigation potential, detail policy measures and assess their implications for well-being.

IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE LOS CONTAMINANTES PROVENIENTES DE AGUAS RESIDUALES DE FEED-LOT SOBRE AGUAS SUBTERRÁNEAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Walter M. Glessi

2012-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se investigó el impacto de los contaminantes de efluentes líquidos generados por doce feedlot del sudeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, con el objeto de determinar los aspectos significativos sobre la vulnerabilidad de las aguas subterráneas. Se utilizó la Guía metodológica de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental propuesta por Conesa (2010 partiendo de do ce Estudios de Impacto Ambiental y analizando como influye la actividad sobre el agua subterránea. Se analizó la dimensión de los establecimientos partiendo del número de animales, el tipo de suelo, profundidad freática y tipo de práctica (estacional o continua, así como las doce matrices de impacto en la emisión de contaminantes sobre el medio físico agua. Se obtuvo que los parámetros de mayor incidencia son: el grado de Destrucción, el área de influencia, el momento de manifestación del efecto y la regularidad de la manifestación.

Global climate change: Implications, challenges, and mitigation measures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Majumdar, S.K.

1992-01-01

This book presents a perspective of the potential problem of global climate change induced by human activity. The editors have presented viewpoints of experts (advocates and skeptics) representing the issues of climate change. Possible results from long-term global change discussed in this book include mass migrations of plants and animals; changes in crop yields; flood and drought; and economic, political, and cultural changes. The text contains 20 chapters on the impact of global climate change and 10 chapters on the mitigation of effects and policy development

Navy radon assessment and mitigation program: Final report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1994-10-01

This final report encompasses the events from the beginning of the Navy Radon Assessment and Mitigation Program to the closure of the program on October 31, 1994. Included in the report are discussions of the phases of the program including screening, assessment, mitigation, and post-mitigation. The primary discussion involves screening and assessment. The report addresses recommendations made to the Naval Facilities Engineering Command by the Hazardous Waste Remedial Actions Program of Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., and the final decisions that were made. Special emphasis is placed on quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC), since QA/QC was given top priority during the implementation of this program. Included in the discussion on QA/QC are ana overview of the measurement process, positive and negative controls, replicated measurements, and application of chamber exposures to data calibration. The report concludes with a discussion of testing considerations for naval facilities and radon mitigation considerations for the Department of the Navy

Fatores de impacto de publicações psiquiátricas e produtividade científica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elkis Helio

1999-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Mostrar que alguns índices bibliométricos, como o Fator de Impacto (FI e a análise de citações, são úteis para avaliação da repercussão científica de publicações psiquiátricas. Tais índices podem também ser empregados na avaliação de produtividade científica individual. MÉTODOS: Os fatores de impacto de periódicos psiquiátricos dos anos de 1995 e 1997 foram obtidos através do "Journal of Citation Reports". As curvas de distribuição foram analisadas através de histogramas e gráficos tipo caixa (box-plots. As médias das avaliações de 1995 e 1997 foram comparadas através do teste de soma de postos de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: As curvas de distribuição dos fatores de impacto em 1995 e 1997 mostraram não obedecer a uma distribuição normal. A média de ambas as avaliações girou em torno de 1,5. Houve um aumento significativo na média dos fatores de impacto de 1995 para 1997 ( Wilcoxon W=57 p=0,026. Três periódicos mantiveram os seus fatores de impacto várias vezes acima da média geral em ambas as avaliações ("outliers": "Archives of General Psychiatry", "American Journal of Psychiatry" e "Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology". CONCLUSÕES: Os fatores de impacto são os melhores índices para avaliação do desempenho científico de publicações psiquiátricas. No entanto, no caso de avaliações da produtividade científica individual, esta também deve ser avaliada através de uma análise de citações.

Extended blackout mitigation strategy for PWR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prošek, Andrej; Volkanovski, Andrija

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Equipment for mitigation of the extended blackout is investigated. • Analysis is done with deterministic safety analysis methods. • Strategy to prevent core heatup and not overfill steam generator is proposed. • Six types of reactor coolant system loss scenarios are investigated. • Pump flowrates and available start time to feed steam generators is determined. - Abstract: The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant demonstrated the vulnerability of the plants on the loss of electrical power and loss of the ultimate heat sink events. A set of measures are proposed and currently implemented in response of the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Those measures include diverse and flexible mitigation strategies that increase the defence-in-depth for beyond-design-basis scenarios. Mitigation strategies are based on the utilization of the portable equipment to provide power and water to the nuclear power plants in order to maintain or restore key safety functions. The verification of the proposed measures with the plant specific safety analyses is endorsed in the mitigation strategies. This paper investigates utilization of the turbine driven auxiliary feedwater pump (TD-AFW) or portable water injection pump for the mitigation of the event of loss of all alternate current sources and batteries (extended station blackout). Methodology for assessment of the required pump injection flow rate with the application of the standard deterministic safety analysis code is developed and presented. The required injection rate to the steam generators is calculated from the cumulative water mass injected by the turbine driven auxiliary feedwater pump in the analysed scenarios, when desired normal level is maintained automatically. The developed methodology allows assessment of the required injections rates of pump, TD-AFW or portable, for different plant configurations and number of flow rate changes. The methodology is applied

Extended blackout mitigation strategy for PWR

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Prošek, Andrej, E-mail: andrej.prosek@ijs.si; Volkanovski, Andrija, E-mail: andrija.volkanovski@ijs.si

2015-12-15

Highlights: • Equipment for mitigation of the extended blackout is investigated. • Analysis is done with deterministic safety analysis methods. • Strategy to prevent core heatup and not overfill steam generator is proposed. • Six types of reactor coolant system loss scenarios are investigated. • Pump flowrates and available start time to feed steam generators is determined. - Abstract: The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant demonstrated the vulnerability of the plants on the loss of electrical power and loss of the ultimate heat sink events. A set of measures are proposed and currently implemented in response of the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Those measures include diverse and flexible mitigation strategies that increase the defence-in-depth for beyond-design-basis scenarios. Mitigation strategies are based on the utilization of the portable equipment to provide power and water to the nuclear power plants in order to maintain or restore key safety functions. The verification of the proposed measures with the plant specific safety analyses is endorsed in the mitigation strategies. This paper investigates utilization of the turbine driven auxiliary feedwater pump (TD-AFW) or portable water injection pump for the mitigation of the event of loss of all alternate current sources and batteries (extended station blackout). Methodology for assessment of the required pump injection flow rate with the application of the standard deterministic safety analysis code is developed and presented. The required injection rate to the steam generators is calculated from the cumulative water mass injected by the turbine driven auxiliary feedwater pump in the analysed scenarios, when desired normal level is maintained automatically. The developed methodology allows assessment of the required injections rates of pump, TD-AFW or portable, for different plant configurations and number of flow rate changes. The methodology is applied

50 CFR 218.183 - Mitigation.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... within the command structure in order to facilitate implementation of mitigation measures if marine... attention to the things on the outer edges of their field of vision. (viii) Marine observers shall be...

Impacto de la cadena productiva de la quinua en el distrito de Cabana

OpenAIRE

Flores Ortega, Ada Luz

2011-01-01

La investigación se realizó para analizar el impacto de la cadena productiva de la quinua en el distrito de Cabana región Puno. Se aplicó un cuestionario para medir las características socio económicas, tomando una muestra de 39 productores de quinua. Se ha analizado la cadena comercializadora y la estructura de la cadena productiva de la quinua. Los resultados fueron que existe un impacto directo de los componentes de la cadena productiva de la quinua en el distrito de Cabana; llegándose a l...

Mitigating for nature in Danish infrastructure projects

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Sanne Vammen; Kørnøv, Lone; Christensen, Per

2015-01-01

his paper presents results of a Danish study of mitigation efforts directed at nature protection in EIA of Danish infrastructure projects. The projects included in the study comprise road, rail, bridges, tunnels cables and oil- and gas-pipes. The study is based on a document analysis of EIA reports......, a workshop held with EIA professionals, a study of two cases and a survey among EIA professionals. The study reveals whether and how the mitigation hierarchy has been adhered to and what types of mitigation measures have been suggested. The study digs a bit deeper in discussing the dynamics in which...

Radon mitigation experience in difficult-to-mitigate schools

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leovic, K.W.; Craig, A.B.

1990-01-01

Initial radon mitigation experience in schools has shown sub-slab depressurization (SSD) to be generally effective in reducing elevated levels of radon in schools that have a continuous layer of clean, coarse aggregate underneath the slab. However, mitigation experience is limited in schools without sub-slab aggregate and in schools with characteristics such as return-air ductwork underneath the slab or unducted return-air plenums in the drop ceiling that are open to the sub-slab area (via open tops of block walls). Mitigation of schools with utility tunnels and of schools constructed over crawl spaces is also limited. Three Maryland schools exhibiting some of the above characteristics are being researched to help understand the mechanisms that control radon entry and mitigation in schools where standard SSD systems are not effective. This paper discusses specific characteristics of potentially difficult-to-mitigate schools and, where applicable, details examples from the three Maryland schools

Cost-effectiveness of greenhouse gases mitigation measures in the European agro-forestry sector: a literature survey

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Povellato, Andrea; Bosello, Francesco; Giupponi, Carlo

2007-01-01

Over the last 20 years, climate change has become an increasing concern for scientists, public opinions and policy makers. Due to the pervasive nature of its impacts for many important aspects of human life, climate change is likely to influence and be influenced by the most diverse policy or management choices. This is particularly true for those interventions affecting agriculture and forestry: they are strongly dependent on climate phenomena, but also contribute to climate evolution being sources of and sinks for greenhouse gases (GHG). This paper offers a survey of the existing literature assessing cost-effectiveness and efficiency of greenhouse gas mitigation strategies or the effects of broader economic reforms in the agricultural and forestry sectors. The focus is mainly on European countries. Different methodological approaches, research questions addressed and results are examined. The main findings are that agriculture can potentially provide emissions reduction at a competitive cost, mainly with methane abatement, while carbon sequestration seems more cost-effective with appropriate forest management measures. Afforestation, cropland management and bioenergy are less economically viable measures due to competition with other land use. Mitigation policies should be carefully designed either to balance costs with expected benefits in terms of social welfare. Regional variability is one of the main drawbacks to fully assess the cost-effectiveness of different measures. Integration of models to take into account both social welfare and spatial heterogeneity seems to be the frontier of the next model generation

Impactos del turismo sostenible sobre la población local

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amparo Sancho Pérez

2005-11-01

Full Text Available El turismo sostenible hace hincapié en el manejo adecuado y equilibrado de los recursos, la preservación del patrimonio cultural y tradiciones de las comunidades, posibilitando el enriquecimiento de la calidad de vida de la población local. La percepción de este concepto aun es un tema desconocido este concepto aun es un tema desconocido para los actores que intervienen en el sector, muchos conceptos han sido motivo de distorsión por lo cual es relevante establecer cuáles son los parámetros bajo los cuales se desarrolla el turismo sostenible y cuáles son las consecuencias de este turismo sobre la población local. El turismo es uno de los sectores que mayor impacto generan en la población por lo cual la sostenibilidad exige un proceso de análisis e investigación en los destinos involucrados, un estudio que permita establecer criterios, normas y parámetros para que estos sean competitivos y sus recursos tengan viabilidad en el presente y futuro. Surge un cuestionamiento acerca de la sostenibilidad sociocultural, generando un debate sobre la sostenibilidad económica. Del mismo modo, se analizan los efectos socioculturales del turismo en las comunidades locales, el impacto en la forma de vida de la población local, capacidades de carga e indicadores. Para esto, se plantean varios modelos que permiten medir estos impactos en varios escenarios.

TICs en las PYMES de Centroamérica: Impacto de la adopción de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

TICs en las PYMES de Centroamérica: Impacto de la adopción de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Book cover TICs en las PYMES de Centroamérica: Impacto de la adopción de las tecnologías. Auteur(s) : Ricardo Monge-González, Cindy Alfaro-Azofeifa, and José I. Alfaro-Chamberlain. Maison(s) ...

50 CFR 218.4 - Mitigation.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... species mitigation measures. (B) Commanding Officers shall make use of marine species detection cues and... entire target area shall take place with “Big Eyes” and the naked eye during the retrieval of the IMPASS...

Saúde vocal e o impacto na qualidade de vida de estudantes universitários

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucíola D'Emery Siqueira

2015-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: Objetivo: avaliar o impacto da voz na qualidade de vida e conhecer os cuidados pessoais relacionados à saúde vocal entre estudantes universitários, e, relacionar qualidade de vida e cuidados vocais. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal, com aplicação do protocolo Qualidade de Vida e Voz e um questionário para conhecer os cuidados relacionados à voz em 56 estudantes que participaram de uma intervenção educativa. Resultados: a média dos escores do protocolo foi de médio impacto para os domínios físico (72,45 e global (77,4, baixo impacto para o domínio socioemocional (85. Em relação aos cuidados com a saúde vocal, caracterizaram-se como saberes de senso comum, concentrados em ações da fisiologia das pregas vocais. Não houve diferença estatística do impacto da voz na qualidade de vida entre os estudantes que lecionavam e aqueles que apenas estudavam. Conclusão: o estudo evidenciou que os estudantes não têm grandes problemas com o impacto da voz na sua qualidade de vida. O estudante durante a graduação não dispõe de conhecimentos suficientes em relação aos cuidados com a voz, o que torna fundamental abordar esse tema na formação profissional. Percebeu-se a necessidade de fomentar um processo de conscientização do autocuidado e de reflexões críticas acerca das condições laborais impostas ao professor.

Evaluación del estrés y el impacto de la fibromialgia después de autoaplicar técnicas cognitivo-conductuales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mónica Teresa González-Ramírez

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Se diseñaron dos cursos virtuales auto-aplicados para personas con fibromialgia, basados en técnicas cognitivo-conductuales. Los objetivos fueron, (1 Evaluar los resultados del primer curso sobre estrés percibido e impacto de la fibromialgia. (2 Evaluar los resultados del segundo curso, en la disminución de, fallos cotidianos de memoria, pensamientos negativos, catastrofización, e impacto de la fibromialgia. Y (3 comparar niveles de estrés e impacto en las cuatro mediciones (pre-post, ambos cursos. Participaron 22 mujeres en el primero y 8 en el segundo. Se encontró mejoría en estrés percibido e impacto de la fibromialgia después del primer curso. Después del segundo disminuyeron: pensamientos negativos, catastrofización e impacto. Hubo una recaída en el estrés y el impacto entre ambos cursos disminuyendo nuevamente al concluir el segundo.

Long-term development and effectiveness of private flood mitigation measures: an analysis for the German part of the river Rhine

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bubeck, P.; Botzen, W.J.W.; Kreibich, H.; Aerts, J.C.J.H.

2012-01-01

Flood mitigation measures implemented by private households have become an important component of contemporary integrated flood risk management in Germany and many other countries. Despite the growing responsibility of private households to contribute to flood damage reduction by means of private

Evaluation of the varying Naturally Occurring Asbestos mitigation measures at School and Commercial construction projects in California

Science.gov (United States)

Kalika, S.

2012-12-01

In commercial development or K-12 school construction, project sites are often purchased and much of the planning process completed prior to an assessment of the soils proposed for excavation or potential offhaul. Geologic maps, while initially helpful for identifying potential hazards such as landslides and earthquake faults, are less helpful in the identification of naturally occurring hazardous minerals, such as the seven regulated minerals currently classified as asbestos. Geologic maps identify mafic and ultramafic bedrock zones; however, a skilled geologist with knowledge of asbestos hazards will further visualize the earth-shaping processes that may have resulted in the deposition of naturally occurring asbestos in locations outside mapped ultramafic zones including the base of an alluvial fan or within streambed channels. When sampled as an afterthought prior to disposal, property owners are surprised by the budget-crippling costs of waste handling and disposal of NOA, as well as mitigations required to protect the health of construction workers, the public, and future site occupants. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) continues to lead the way in evaluation and regulation of NOA, through development of the CARB 435 preparation and laboratory analytical method, local enforcement of the Asbestos Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Construction, Grading, Quarrying, and Surface Mining Operations (ATCM), and implementation of dust control measures to protect public health. A thorough site evaluation and construction design includes utilization of the sampling methods developed by the California Geological Survey, laboratory analytical methods within CARB 435, and mitigation measures required by CARB, DTSC, and OSHA for the protection of worker and public health after NOA is discovered. The site evaluation should additionally include an assessment of the future site usage, as regulations differ based on potential health affects to future occupants

Screening method to assess the greenhouse gas mitigation potential of old landfills, based on downwind methane concentration measurements

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fredenslund, Anders Michael; Mønster, J.; Kjeldsen, Peter

2017-01-01

A nationwide effort is taking place in Denmark to mitigate methane emissions from landfills, by using biocovers. A large number of older landfills were found to be potential candidates for biocover implementation, but very little information was available for these sites to help evaluate if signi......A nationwide effort is taking place in Denmark to mitigate methane emissions from landfills, by using biocovers. A large number of older landfills were found to be potential candidates for biocover implementation, but very little information was available for these sites to help evaluate...... if significant methane emissions occur. To assess these sites, we developed a low-cost and quick remote sensing methodology, whereby downwind methane concentrations from 91 landfills were measured using a mobile analytical platform, and emission rates were calculated using an inverse dispersion model. The method...

Desenvolvimento sustentável como uma forma de mitigar o impacto negativo da globalização nas comunidades locais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bonder, Cintia

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem por objetivo mostrar alguns impactos da globalização nas comunidades locais e como o desenvolvimento sustentável pode trabalhar estes impactos. Para tanto, apresenta alguns conceitos de globalização e suas correntes de pensamento; trata de discutir o desenvolvimento sustentável e a globalização; e por fim, discute o impacto da globalização nas comunidades locais e como minimizá-los

Estudio de impacto ambiental de explotación minera de bloques de granito

OpenAIRE

Mallo Turnes, Juan

2009-01-01

La finalidad del proyecto es la realización de un estudio de impacto ambiental de una explotación de granito que se situará sobre la localización de la alternativa que resulte ser la de menor impacto ambiental global, solicitando subsecuentemente el pase a concesión de explotación de la misma. Para ello, se incluye en el proyecto toda la información necesaria relacionada con el método de explotación de la cantera, una relación de los parámetros ambientales clave de cada alternativa de localiz...

Situacion de Riesgo con Impacto en Toda la Familia: Embarazo en la Adolescencia

OpenAIRE

Bica, Isabel; Esteves, Inês; Cruz, Sara; Andrade, Ana

2016-01-01

Introdução: A gravidez na adolescência constitui uma situação de risco com impacto em toda a família, podendo gerar crises não apenas na jovem que engravida - em virtude da inexperiência e consequente dificuldade que surge para cuidar de um filho - , como do ponto de vista transgeracional. Objetivos: Aplicar o Modelo Dinâmico de Avaliação e Intervenção Familiar (MDAIF) Figueiredo (2009) e avaliar o impacto dos cuidados de enfermagem numa família em contexto clínico. Métodos: Es...

Análise fractal da fragmentação por impacto de porcelanas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C. B. Mvumbi

Full Text Available Resumo As porcelanas são cerâmicas produzidas a partir de matérias-primas naturais (sílica, feldspato e caulim. Em algumas aplicações são adicionadas outras matérias-primas para o aumento da resistência mecânica e dielétrica. Elas são usadas na fabricação de variados produtos, sendo, portanto, muito estudadas e desenvolvidas há muito tempo. Neste trabalho, porcelanas com diferentes composições foram caracterizadas e submetidas à fragmentação por ruptura mecânica em um ensaio de impacto balístico. A ruptura mecânica nos materiais em geral produz uma dissipação de energia formando trincas e superfícies de fratura que tem uma geometria irregular. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi a caracterização da microestrutura e a caracterização fractal da superfície de fratura de porcelanas. Para comparação, os ensaios de impacto também foram feitos em vidro e acrílico comercial. A avaliação da superfície de fratura e da dimensão fractal de ruptura foi feita pela análise da fração de fragmentos em função da probabilidade global de fratura. Os corpos de prova foram preparados na forma de discos cilíndricos, com espessura e diâmetros fixos. O ensaio de impacto mecânico foi feito sobre o centro dos discos, para os diferentes materiais, mantendo-se as mesmas condições de ensaio. Os resultados do tamanho e massa dos fragmentos foram obtidos em função da energia de impacto e do tipo de material. Desta forma, foi possível obter uma correlação entre as condições de ensaio e a composição do material com o padrão de ruptura fractal. Verificou-se que a porcelana nas composições usadas possuiu uma tenacidade ao impacto que se situou entre aquela do vidro e do acrílico. Finalmente foi feita uma correlação entre as propriedades de resistência mecânica com os padrões de trinca formados. Percebeu-se que o número, a forma das trincas e as ramificações formaram um padrão que foi relacionado com a

Impactos socioambientales por la fabricación de ladrillos en Huancayo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marisol Condori Apaza

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Identificar los impactos sociales y ambientales generados por el proceso de fabricación de ladrillos en las zonas de Palian y San Agustín de Cajas de la ciudad de Huancayo. Métodos: La investigación fue básica, nivel descriptivo, con diseño de investigación no experimental transversal y enfoque metodológico cuantitativo. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 80 trabajadores de las fábricas de ladrillos de las dos zonas de trabajo. Resultados: La fabricación de ladrillos generó impactos sociales tales como: perjuicios a la salud, 94%; y generación de trabajo, 88%; siendo la mayoría de trabajadores niños. Anteriormente el 64%, se dedicaba a la agricultura; el 14%, a la ganadería; actualmente, el 60% consideró que su estilo de vida ha cambiado desde la fabricación de ladrillos; el 64% de personas que trabajan en las fábricas manifestaron haber sufrido accidentes laborales. Respecto a los impactos ambientales generados por las actividades del proceso de fabricación de ladrillos en las zonas mencionadas; el 54%, indicó que esta actividad es responsable de la baja fertilidad de las tierras agrícolas; el 81% consideró que antes de la fabricación de los ladrillos se respiraba aire menos contaminado; el 68% afirmó que anteriormente a dicha actividad, consumían agua menos contaminada; el 86%, manifestó que la fauna y la flora se alteró; el 61%, consideró que el nivel de ruido se ha incrementado. Conclusiones: El proceso de fabricación de ladrillos en el distrito de San Agustín de Cajas y el anexo de Palian generó impactos sociales, fundamentalmente en las actividades económicas, por lo tanto cambiando su estilo de vida; asimismo, afectó significativamente a diversos ecosistemas.

Impacto económico del sector cerámico en San José de Cúcuta (Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Johanna Milena Mogrovejo Andrade

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación tuvo como finalidad determinar el impacto económico de las empresas del sector cerámico en la ciudad de San José Cúcuta (Colombia en el periodo 2008-2011. Se utilizó como instrumento un cuestionario estructurado aplicado a los empresarios del sector. Igualmente, se efectuaron entrevistas a directivos de organizaciones gremiales. El impacto económico se analizó siguiendo la metodología propuesta por Soto y Bergoeing (1998, Arbeláez y Sandoval (2006 y Molina, Coronado y Rivera (2008. Se concluye que este sector, en el periodo estudiado, presentó gran impacto económico, en particular en lo relativo al nivel de empleo, el aporte en impuestos al municipio, el consumo intermedio y el valor agregado.

El impacto emocional del dolor y la enfermedad

OpenAIRE

Hoyos, Graciela; Castillo, Alejandro; Fundación Valle de Lili

2008-01-01

El impacto emocional del dolor y la enfermedad/ ¿Qué es el dolor?/ Modelo multidimensional en el dolor crónico/ Adaptación del paciente al dolor/ Estrategias de adaptación/ Cambios de estilos de vida/ Expectativas y evaluaciones personales/ Relaciones laborales familiares y sociales/ Depresión y dolor crónico/ Somatización y dolor crónico/ Tratamiento/ Farmacoterapia/ Psicoterapia

Impacto económico de los hoteles: aplicación en la ciudad de Sevilla

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miryam González Limón

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En la actualidad existe un creciente interés por cuantificar el impacto económico generado por algún sector productivo o actividad económica sobre la economía nacional, regional o local. Por ello, en este artículo se van a analizar los beneficios económicos vinculados a la existencia de los hoteles de la ciudad de Sevilla, como parte fundamental del sector turístico. El objetivo es cuantificar la relevancia económica del sector de hoteles en Sevilla. Por impacto económico se entiende el efecto que produce un sector económico sobre la producción, la renta y el empleo en una determinada área geográfica y durante un período de tiempo. Dentro del impacto económico podemos diferenciar, por una parte los elementos cuantitativos, y por otra, los cualitativos.

SIETE DE CADA DIEZ; O EL VERDADERO FACTOR DE IMPACTO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Polanco - Carrasco

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Fragmento...En breve, comenzará a cobrar cada vez más importancia, contar por parte de las revistas seriadas de psicología, con un índice de factor de impacto (FI, así como la necesidad de que las mismas figuren en bases de datos a nivel mundial. El factor de impacto es el número de veces que se cita por término medio un artículo publicado en una revista determina este calculo lo realiza el Instituto de Información Científica ISI (siglas en inglés,conocido actualmente como Thomson ISI. Por medio de este indicador se mide tanto la productividad de una determinada revista como la de los autores, medida muy importante a la hora de acceder a titularidades académicas y fondos de investigación....... Para el 2009 en Chile se estima que siete de cada diez estudiantes que ingresen a la educación superior serán de primera generación, es decir ellos serán la primera generación de sus familias en acceder a este nivel de la enseñanza. Lo anterior, no debe distar mucho de la realidad de otros países de la región. Si bien no se discute que mayor acceso a la educación superior sea un gran avance desde el punto de vista del desarrollo nacional y personal, no es menos cierto que esta cifra se transforma en un poderoso factor de impacto.

Innovations in optimizing mitigation and pipeline risk management for natural gas and hazardous liquid systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gloven, Michael P; Hendren, Elaine S; Zeller, Sherri A; Ramirez, Pete V [Bass-Trigon (United States)

2003-07-01

Pipeline risk management has been stimulated by pipeline ruptures throughout the world. This paper explores risk management and mitigation strategies for minimizing consequences from pipeline releases, and optimizing financial resources in response or in prevention of these events. More specifically, it examines private sector innovations which optimize mitigation activities in combination with public sector programs such as regulations and standards (i.e., ASME B31.S, API 1160). The mitigation of risk involves the implementation of measures to reduce the frequency of failure, the severity of consequences, or both these attributes of risk. A wide variety of risk mitigation measures are available to pipeline operators. Given the diversity of mitigation measures available, this paper proposes a framework that can assist operating companies in selecting risk mitigation strategies based on risk results, mitigation costs and benefits. (author)

Caso práctico de evaluación de impacto ambiental de carreteras: variante de Borriol (Castellón

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Domínguez González, María Luisa

1996-04-01

Full Text Available In all the Spanish administrations, not only the central but also the authonomical ones, the Environmental Impact Assessment process has some stages. In this article all this stages are described on the case of the new route of an existing road, the bypass of the C-238 road at Borriol, Castellón, whose owner is the Generalitat Valenciana. This is one of the most recent processes of Environmental Impact Assessment at this Authonomical Administration. First of all, the most important aspects of the Environmental Impact Study are shown; this Study is included, as an Anexe Document, in the Basic Project "Highway between Castellón and La Pobla Tornesa (C-238. South Borriol - North La Pobla Tornesa", November 1993. On July 1994, this Project passed the Public Information process. On October the 21^st, 1994, the Direcció General de Qualitat Ambiental of the Consellería de Medi Ambient of the Generalitat Valenciana edited the Environmental Impact Declaration about the Project. In this article, the almost total equality between the corrective measures it obliges to and the ones proposed in the Environmental Impact Study are exposed. Nowadays, the Constructive Project "Bypass of Borriol of the C-238 (Castellón", has been approved by the authorities, and the works will start soon. This works include the impact corrective measures, which are explained as the conclusion of this work.

En las administraciones españolas, tanto en la central como en las autonómicas, el proceso de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental comprende varias fases. En este artículo se describen todas ellas para el caso de una variante de carretera, la Variante de la C-238 a su paso por Borriol (Castellón, cuya titularidad corresponde a la Generalitat Valenciana. Se trata de uno de los procesos de Evaluación de Impacto más reciente de esta Administración Autonómica. En primer lugar se exponen los puntos más destacados del Estudio de Impacto Ambiental

Griffon vulture mortality at wind farms in southern Spain: Distribution of fatalities and active mitigation measures

OpenAIRE

Lucas, Manuela de; Ferrer, Miguel; Bechard, Mark J.; Muñoz, Antonio R.

2012-01-01

Wind is increasingly being used as a renewable energy source around the world. Avian mortality is one of the negative impacts of wind energy and a new technique that reduces avian collision rates is necessary. Using the most frequently-killed species, the griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus), we studied its mortality at 13 wind farms in Tarifa, Cadiz, Spain, before (2006-2007) and after (2008-2009) when selective turbine stopping programs were implemented as a mitigation measure. Ten wind farms (tot...

FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) Data

Data.gov (United States)

Department of Homeland Security — This dataset contains closed and obligated projects funded under the following Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) grant programs: Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA)....

Avaliação dos Impactos Econômicos do Fundo Constitucional de Financiamento do Nordeste entre 2004 e 2010

OpenAIRE

Guilherme Mendes Resende

2014-01-01

Este artigo visa avaliar os impactos econômicos do Fundo Constitucional de Financiamento do Nordeste (FNE). A abordagem utilizada neste estudo combina avaliações em várias escalas geográficas que fornecem resultados robustos acerca dos impactos dos empréstimos do FNE sobre o crescimento do produto interno bruto (PIB) per capita entre 2004 e 2010. Os resultados das estimações dos modelos em painel de efeito fixo mostraram que os recursos do FNE-total apresentaram impactos positivos sobre o cre...

Review of Offshore Wind Farm Impact Monitoring and Mitigation with Regard to Marine Mammals.

Science.gov (United States)

Verfuss, Ursula K; Sparling, Carol E; Arnot, Charlie; Judd, Adrian; Coyle, Michael

2016-01-01

Monitoring and mitigation reports from 19 UK and 9 other European Union (EU) offshore wind farm (OWF) developments were reviewed, providing a synthesis of the evidence associated with the observed environmental impact on marine mammals. UK licensing conditions were largely concerned with mitigation measures reducing the risk of physical and auditory injury from pile driving. At the other EU sites, impact monitoring was conducted along with mitigation measures. Noise-mitigation measures were developed and tested in UK and German waters in German government-financed projects. We highlight some of the review's findings and lessons learned with regard to noise impact on marine mammals.

Método da árvore temporal modificada aplicado à análise de impactos ambientais: um estudo de caso

OpenAIRE

Moscardi, Jean Prost [UNESP

2009-01-01

O Relatório de Impacto Ambiental (RIMA), por muitas vezes sub-estimados em seu valor, apresenta-se apenas como um capítulo no Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) sem o devido reconhecimento e grau de relevância. O objetivo do presente estudo foi à proposição de um novo método de avaliação de impactos ambientais, no qual, a caracterização e formatação apresentaram-se direcionadas ao público leigo e distinto dos profissionais que realizam os trabalhos ambientais, porém, de grande relevância em pr...

Será rir o melhor remédio? O impacto do clima de humor na satisfação laboral e no desempenho

OpenAIRE

Viana, Cátia Sofia Cardoso

2015-01-01

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário Este estudo tem como objetivo fornecer evidências empíricas adicionais acerca do impacto do Clima de Humor na Satisfação Laboral e no Desempenho. Para este fim hipotetizou-se (1) um impacto positivo do Clima de Humor Positivo na Satisfação Laboral e no Desempenho; (2) um impacto negativo do Clima de Humor Negativo na Satisfação Laboral e no Desempenho; (3) um impacto negativo do Clima de Humor sobre a Gestão na Satisfaçã...

Impacto psicológico del maltrato infantil en la sociedad

OpenAIRE

Prieto Valderrábano, Lorena

2015-01-01

La autora presenta en este trabajo el maltrato infantil, los tipos de maltrato y sus múltiples consecuencias, el impacto psicosocial que acarrea este acto y el proceso de detección y la evaluación que realiza el psicólogo en estos casos

Radon diagnostics and mitigation in two public schools in Nashville, Tennessee

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Craig, A.B.; Leovic, K.W.; Harris, D.B.

1990-01-01

This paper reports on diagnostic measurements and mitigation studies that were carried out in two schools in Nashville, Tennessee, as part of the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPAs) School Radon Mitigation Development/Demonstration Program. Diagnostic studies included architectural plans and building examination, sub-slab radon concentrations, sub-slab communications measurements, and detailed classroom radon measurements using 2-day charcoal canisters, electret ion chambers, and continuous monitors. Although sub-slab communications varied significantly between the two schools, both were amenable to mitigation using sub-slab suction. Average premitigation levels of 39.5 and 29.7 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) were reduced to 0.78 and 1.7 pCi/L in the two schools

Impactos, vulnerabilidad y adaptación al Cambio Climático en los bosques ibéricos.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Asier Herrero

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Se han registrado numerosos impactos relacionados con el cambio climático en los bosques ibéricos que pueden cambiar la composición, estructura y funcionamiento de los mismos. Es importante considerar que los efectos del cambio climático interactúan comúnmente con otros motores de cambio, dificultando de esta manera la cuantificación de la contribución del cambio climático en los impactos observados. Entre los impactos registrados encontramos alteraciones fisiológicas, fenológicas, demográficas y de distribución, las cuales a su vez pueden provocar cambios en la composición, estructura y funcionamiento de los ecosistemas forestales ibéricos. A medida que el cambio climático avance, y las condiciones climáticas se alejen cada vez más de las actuales, se espera un aumento de los impactos observados. En este contexto, se hace necesario evaluar correctamente la vulnerabilidad de poblaciones, especies y ecosistemas frente al cambio climático futuro para poder diseñar y aplicar medidas de adaptación eficaces que minimicen los impactos y favorezcan el proceso de ajuste a las nuevas condiciones. La aplicación de las medidas de adaptación debe enmarcarse en una gestión adaptativa y anticipadora, que fomente la colaboración activa entre todos los actores involucrados en la gestión e investigación de los bosques ibéricos.

Estudio experimental de la respuesta de la rama de café ante la aplicación de impacto mecánico.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

García Galeano Eduard Alberto

2001-09-01

Full Text Available En CENICAFÉ se estudió el efecto de la aplicación de impacto mecánico sobre la rama, para lo cual se desarrolló y evaluó un prototipo a nivel de laboratorio que permita aplicar impacto en un punto de la rama para desprender mecánicamente el café. Se sometió la rama a la aplicación de impacto durante 6 segundos, probando distintos puntos, frecuencias y fuerzas de excitación, midiendo con la ayuda de sensores de desplazamiento y aceleración el efecto que el impacto genera sobre la rama. Encontrándose que la excitación por impacto genera un régimen de vibración transitorio y que al restringir el movimiento de una rama en su extremo libre e impactar en un punto medio, se obtiene una mejor transmisión de la vibración y un desprendimiento más efectivo de los frutos a lo largo de esta, alcanzando un desprendimiento del 90 % de los frutos maduros presentes en la rama con porcentajes de frutos verdes en la masa cosechada del 23% y tiempo óptimo de operación recomendado de 2,5 s en promedio para los mejores tratamientos observados. Adicionalmente con la ayuda de una cámara de video, se estudió el movimiento de los frutos cuando fueron sometidos a impacto, observándose los modos pendular y basculante a los cuales se les atribuye el desprendimiento de los frutos maduros, además que la mayor cantidad de frutos se desprenden en los primeros ciclos de aplicación del impacto.

EVALUACION DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL EN OBRAS VIALES

OpenAIRE

Wilfredo Martínez D.

2014-01-01

El presente artículo es escrito, con el propósito de proporcionar elementos técnicos que contribuyan para orientar a los equipos de trabajo multidisciplinario, en valorar objetivamente los impactos ambientales provocados por la construcción de obras civiles y que suscitan el interés del dominio público y profesionales en la materia. Para ello hemos contado con la experiencia acumulada en instituciones gubernamentales y de índole privado y con nuestra experiencia profesional, en la construcció...

Impactos de adoecimento de longa duração: experiência de adultos jovens com Leucemia Mieloide Aguda

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reni Aparecida Barsaglini

Full Text Available Resumo O presente artigo analisa os impactos materiais e imateriais imersos na experiência de adultos jovens com um adoecimento de longa duração – Leucemia Mieloide Aguda. Decorre de pesquisa mais ampla, inspirada na Fenomenologia de Alfred Schutz. Os dados foram obtidos por entrevistas em profundidade com quatro jovens, de 20 a 28 anos, em fase de manutenção no tratamento oncológico, entre novembro de 2013 a janeiro de 2014, em Mato Grosso. Os resultados enfocam aspectos marcantes dos impactos na experiência como o processo de descoberta da enfermidade em que o diagnóstico provocou sentimentos mobilizados por ideias sobre uma doença grave. Seguem-se os impactos na aparência devidos ao tratamento, sobressaindo a queda de cabelo e as estratégias cotidianas de enfrentamento, bem como o aumento ou a perda de peso. Por fim, é marcante o impacto da iminência da morte diante da letalidade da doença e o testemunho da ocorrência em pessoas conhecidas, colocando-a como possibilidade concreta para si, mas também como sobreviventes. Os impactos são os efeitos e as transformações na vida das pessoas e seu entorno e evocam (re ações, contudo, diluem-se na experiência compondo-a, e não sendo homogênea, sua abordagem privilegia a singularidade inscrita em biografias contextualizadas.

Efeito de impactos repetidos de baixa energia em compósitos pultrudados

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Morais Willy Ank de

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Danos internos podem ser gerados em compósitos de matriz polimérica submetidos a impactos de baixa energia. O efeito repetido de eventos desse tipo pode levar, eventualmente, à falha da estrutura. Neste trabalho dois tipos de perfis pultrudados foram submetidos a impactos por queda livre de peso de 0,5 m e 1,0 m de altura. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados em função da disposição das fibras nos perfis e mostram que a existência de uma camada rica em resina em um dos perfis, contribui para reduzir significativamente o desempenho deste perfil. Este comportamento foi associado à formação prematura de trincas na camada rica em resina. O número de eventos de impacto, o tempo de duração de cada choque e a forma da área danificada foram correlacionados com a presença, ou não, da região rica em resina. Os resultados obtidos indicam ainda que a diferença na microestrutura dos perfis analisados é mais significativa para os ensaios de menor energia (queda de 0,5 m. Para os ensaios de maior energia (queda de 1 m a configuração do material teve apenas uma importância secundária.

El impacto geográfico de periódicos científicos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Getulio Teixeira Batista

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Una característica importante de la calidad de una revista científica es el alcance, no sólo de su temática científica, sino también de su impacto geográfico. De hecho, el sistema principal para la valoración de la calidad de revistas científicas en conexión con el sistema de estudios de pos-graduación usado en Brasil es conocido como “Qualis CAPES”, que cuando clasifica una revista con la calidad A, B o C, también agrega un indicador del impacto geográfico de la revista: Local, Nacional o Internacional. Este sistema de clasificación es usado por varias otras instituciones, sobre todo por las agencias de apoyo a la investigación, por ejemplo, CNPq dónde los comités temáticos usan la clasificación del “Qualis CAPES” para cuantificar la productividad de los Investigadores y de los Grupos de Investigación. Este artículo discute varias posibilidades para la evaluación del impacto geográfico y presenta el mecanismo usado por “Ambiente e Água - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science” (Ambi-Água para el monitoreo de su alcance espacial.

Risk Mitigation Measures: An Important Aspect of the Environmental Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Markus Liebig

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Within EU marketing authorization procedures of human and veterinary medicinal products (HMP and VMP, an environmental risk assessment (ERA has to be performed. In the event that an unacceptable environmental risk is identified, risk mitigation measures (RMM shall be applied in order to reduce environmental exposure to the pharmaceutical. Within the authorization procedures of HMP, no RMM have been applied so far, except for specific precautions for the disposal of the unused medicinal product or waste materials. For VMP, a limited number of RMM do exist. The aim of this study was to develop consistent and efficient RMM. Therefore, existing RMM were compiled from a summary of product characteristics of authorized pharmaceuticals, and new RMM were developed and evaluated. Based on the results, appropriate RMM were applied within the authorization procedures of medicinal products. For HMP, except for the existing precautions for disposal, no further reasonable measures could be developed. For VMP, two specific precautions for disposal and 17 specific precautions for use in animals were proposed as RMM.

CFD evaluation of hydrogen risk mitigation measures in a VVER-440/213 containment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heitsch, Matthias, E-mail: Matthias.Heitsch@ec.europa.e [Institute for Energy, Joint Research Centre, PO Box 2, 1755 ZG Petten (Netherlands); Huhtanen, Risto [VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT (Finland); Techy, Zsolt [VEIKI Institute for Electric Power Research Co., PO Box 80, H-1251 Budapest (Hungary); Fry, Chris [Serco, Winfrith Technology Centre, Dorchester, Dorset DT2 8DH (United Kingdom); Kostka, Pal [VEIKI Institute for Electric Power Research Co., PO Box 80, H-1251 Budapest (Hungary); Niemi, Jarto [VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT (Finland); Schramm, Berthold [Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit, GRS mbH, Schwertnergasse 1, 50667 Koeln (Germany)

2010-02-15

In the PHARE project 'Hydrogen Management for the VVER440/213' (HU2002/000-632-04-01), CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) calculations using GASFLOW, FLUENT and CFX were performed for the Paks NPP (Nuclear Power Plant), modelling a defined severe accident scenario which involves the release of hydrogen. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate that CFD codes can be used to model gas movement inside a containment during a severe accident. With growing experience in performing such analyses, the results encourage the use of CFD in assessing the risk of losing containment integrity as a result of hydrogen deflagrations. As an effective mitigation measure in such a situation, the implementation of catalytic recombiners is planned in the Paks NPP. In order to support these plans both unmitigated and recombiner-mitigated simulations were performed. These are described and selected results are compared. The codes CFX and FLUENT needed refinement to their models of wall and bulk steam condensation in order to be able to fully simulate the severe accident under consideration. Several CFD codes were used in parallel to model the same accident scenario in order to reduce uncertainties in the results. Previously it was considered impractical to use CFD codes to simulate a full containment subject to a severe accident extending over many hours. This was because of the expected prohibitive computing times and missing physical capabilities of the codes. This work demonstrates that, because of developments in the capabilities of CFD codes and improvements in computer power, these calculations have now become feasible.

Minimising mortality in endangered raptors due to power lines: the importance of spatial aggregation to optimize the application of mitigation measures.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Guil

Full Text Available Electrocution by power lines is one of the main causes of non-natural mortality in birds of prey. In an area in central Spain, we surveyed 6304 pylons from 333 power lines to determine electrocution rates, environmental and design factors that may influence electrocution and the efficacy of mitigation measures used to minimise electrocution cases. A total of 952 electrocuted raptors, representing 14 different species, were observed. Electrocuted raptors were concentrated in certain areas and the environmental factors associated with increased electrocution events were: greater numbers of prey animals; greater vegetation cover; and shorter distance to roads. The structural elements associated with electrocutions were shorter strings of insulators, one or more phases over the crossarm, cross-shaped design and pylon function. Of the 952 carcasses found, 148 were eagles, including golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos, Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti and Bonelli's eagle (Aquila fasciata. Electrocuted eagles were clustered in smaller areas than other electrocuted raptors. The factors associated with increased eagle electrocution events were: pylons function, shorter strings of insulators, higher slopes surrounding the pylon, and more numerous potential prey animals. Pylons with increased string of insulators had lower raptor electrocution rates than unimproved pylons, although this technique was unsuccessful for eagles. Pylons with cable insulation showed higher electrocution rates than unimproved pylons, both for raptors and eagles, despite this is the most widely used and recommended mitigation measure in several countries. To optimize the application of mitigation measures, our results recommend the substitution of pin-type insulators to suspended ones and elongating the strings of insulators.

Minimising mortality in endangered raptors due to power lines: the importance of spatial aggregation to optimize the application of mitigation measures.

Science.gov (United States)

Guil, Francisco; Fernández-Olalla, Mariana; Moreno-Opo, Rubén; Mosqueda, Ignacio; Gómez, María Elena; Aranda, Antonio; Arredondo, Angel; Guzmán, José; Oria, Javier; González, Luis Mariano; Margalida, Antoni

2011-01-01

Electrocution by power lines is one of the main causes of non-natural mortality in birds of prey. In an area in central Spain, we surveyed 6304 pylons from 333 power lines to determine electrocution rates, environmental and design factors that may influence electrocution and the efficacy of mitigation measures used to minimise electrocution cases. A total of 952 electrocuted raptors, representing 14 different species, were observed. Electrocuted raptors were concentrated in certain areas and the environmental factors associated with increased electrocution events were: greater numbers of prey animals; greater vegetation cover; and shorter distance to roads. The structural elements associated with electrocutions were shorter strings of insulators, one or more phases over the crossarm, cross-shaped design and pylon function. Of the 952 carcasses found, 148 were eagles, including golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) and Bonelli's eagle (Aquila fasciata). Electrocuted eagles were clustered in smaller areas than other electrocuted raptors. The factors associated with increased eagle electrocution events were: pylons function, shorter strings of insulators, higher slopes surrounding the pylon, and more numerous potential prey animals. Pylons with increased string of insulators had lower raptor electrocution rates than unimproved pylons, although this technique was unsuccessful for eagles. Pylons with cable insulation showed higher electrocution rates than unimproved pylons, both for raptors and eagles, despite this is the most widely used and recommended mitigation measure in several countries. To optimize the application of mitigation measures, our results recommend the substitution of pin-type insulators to suspended ones and elongating the strings of insulators.

El impacto turístico de los eventos deportivos: un estudio de caso

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Teresa Fernández Alles

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El impacto turístico generado por la celebración de grandes eventos deportivos ha llevado a la creación de una materia de investigación denominada turismo de eventos, centrada en el estudio de las repercusiones turística derivadas de su organización. Particularmente, el objetivo central de esta investigación será analizar el impacto turístico de uno de los eventos deportivos más conocidos del mundo, el Gran Premio de Motociclismo de España, tanto para la localidad sede del mismo, Jerez de la Frontera como para toda Andalucía, referente mundial en la celebración de este tipo de eventos.

Impactos ambientales en la microcuenca del río Parafuso, Amazonas oriental, Brasil

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Claudia Miranda

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La investigación analizó los impactos ambientales causados por las actividades humanas en la microcuenca del río Parafuso en el municipio de Moju en el Estado de Pará (Brasil. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante herramientas de geoprocesamiento, investigación documental, cuestionarios, entrevistas semi estructuradas, observación directa y la cartografía participativa. Los resultados mostraron que las actividades antropogénicas y de crecimiento de la población sin planificación, combinada con el uso excesivo de los recursos naturales, causan un deterioro grave en los medios físico, biótico y antrópico en la cuenca del río Parafuso. Las fuentes identificadas en esta cuenca son difusas, temporales y han cambiado. La jerarquía del río en el sistema de drenaje es de segundo orden. La mayoría de los impactos ambientales identificados son de de carácter adverso, de gran importancia, de alta magnitude y de duración larga. El medio fisico es el más afectado. En orden de magnitud e importancia, la agricultura es la actividad que hace los principales impactos adversos y duraderos sobre el ambiente físico y el ambiente biológico.

Simulations and measurements on muzzle blast mitigation with sound absorbing barriers

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Eerden, F.J.M. van der; Berg, F.H.A. van den

2012-01-01

Environmental research is ongoing to predict and to mitigate the noise impact of heavy weapons or explosives. In the densely populated area of the Netherlands this is of particular interest for the Ministry of Defence as the shock waves can propagate over large distances. In this research program

Session: Avoiding, minimizing, and mitigating avian and bat impacts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thelander, Carl; Kerlinger, Paul

2004-09-01

This session at the Wind Energy and Birds/Bats workshop consisted of two presentations followed by a discussion/question answer period. The session addressed a variety of questions related to avoiding, minimizing, and mitigating the avian and bat impacts of wind power development including: what has been learned from operating turbines and mitigating impacts where they are unavoidable, such as at Altamont Pass WRA, and should there be mitigation measures such as habitat creation or land conservation where impacts occur. Other impact minimization and mitigation approaches discussed included: location and siting evaluations; options for construction and operation of wind facilities; turbine lighting; and the physical alignment/orientation. Titles and authors of the presentations were: 'Bird Fatalities in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area: A Case Study, Part II' by Carl Thelander and 'Prevention and Mitigation of Avian Impacts at Wind Power Facilities' by Paul Kerlinger.

Session: Avoiding, minimizing, and mitigating avian and bat impacts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thelander, Carl; Kerlinger, Paul

2004-01-01

This session at the Wind Energy and Birds/Bats workshop consisted of two presentations followed by a discussion/question answer period. The session addressed a variety of questions related to avoiding, minimizing, and mitigating the avian and bat impacts of wind power development including: what has been learned from operating turbines and mitigating impacts where they are unavoidable, such as at Altamont Pass WRA, and should there be mitigation measures such as habitat creation or land conservation where impacts occur. Other impact minimization and mitigation approaches discussed included: location and siting evaluations; options for construction and operation of wind facilities; turbine lighting; and the physical alignment/orientation. Titles and authors of the presentations were: 'Bird Fatalities in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area: A Case Study, Part II' by Carl Thelander and 'Prevention and Mitigation of Avian Impacts at Wind Power Facilities' by Paul Kerlinger

Costs of radon diagnostics and mitigation in school building

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leovic, K.W.; Rector, H.; Nagda, N.

1992-01-01

To determine the costs of radon diagnostics and active soil depressurization (ASD) system installation in schools, seven radon mitigators with extensive experience in school buildings were surveyed. The cost data were determined by providing the mitigators with two scenarios of open-quotes typicalclose quotes school buildings with elevated radon levels. The questionnaire in schools: (1) Review Construction Plans, (2) Conduct Diagnostic Measurements, (3) Design Mitigation System, (4) Purchase ASD Material, and (5) Install and Checkout ASD System. Based on the results of this survey, it is estimated that the average cost of ASD diagnostics and mitigation in a typical school would be roughly $0.50 per ft 2 . However, these costs would be higher in schools with extensive subslab walls, very poor PFE, and lower in simple schools with very good PFE and no subslab barriers to communication. The variations in costs provided by the mitigators are primarily due to the influences of (1) experience and practices of the mitigation companies, (2) ASD system requirements as perceived by the respondents, and (3) the degree of involvement by the school system in the process

What factors influence mitigative capacity?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Winkler, Harald; Baumert, Kevin; Blanchard, Odile; Burch, Sarah; Robinson, John

2007-01-01

This article builds on Yohe's seminal piece on mitigative capacity, which elaborates 'determinants' of mitigative capacity, also reflected in the IPCC's third assessment report. We propose a revised definition, where mitigative capacity is a country's ability to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions or enhance natural sinks. By 'ability' we mean skills, competencies, fitness, and proficiencies that a country has attained which can contribute to GHG emissions mitigation. A conceptual framework is proposed, linking mitigative capacity to a country's sustainable development path, and grouping the factors influencing mitigative capacity into three main sets: economic factors, institutional ones, and technology. Both quantitative and qualitative analysis of factors is presented, showing how these factors vary across countries. We suggest that it is the interplay between the three economic factors-income, abatement cost and opportunity cost-that shape mitigative capacity. We find that income is an important economic factor influencing mitigative capacity, while abatement cost is important in turning mitigative capacity into actual mitigation. Technology is a critical mitigative capacity, including the ability to absorb existing climate-friendly technologies or to develop innovative ones. Institutional factors that promote mitigative capacity include the effectiveness of government regulation, clear market rules, a skilled work force and public awareness. We briefly investigate such as high abatement cost or lack of political willingness that prevent mitigative capacity from being translated into mitigation

Análise dos Impactos ao Patrimônio Cultural no Âmbito dos Estudos Ambientais

OpenAIRE

Marcos Paulo de Souza Miranda

2013-01-01

Como instrumento jurídico composto por elementos técnicos interdisciplinares, o Estudo de Impacto Ambiental tem como objetivo prever e prevenir danos ambientais, norteando a escolha da melhor alternativa para se evitar, eliminar ou reduzir os efeitos prejudiciais decorrentes do empreendimento proposto. Tendo em vista que o patrimônio cultural integra o conceito amplo de meio ambiente, todos os impactos sobre os bens culturais materiais (tais como cavernas, sítios arqueológicos e paleontológic...

Quanto vale o show?: Impactos econômicos dos investimentos da Copa do Mundo 2014 no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edson Paulo Domingues

2011-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é projetar os impactos econômicos, nacionais e regionais dos investimentos de infraestrutura e estádios para a Copa do Mundo de 2014. Consideram-se os investimentos em reforma/construção de infraestrutura esportiva (estádios e infraestrutura urbana divulgados pelo Ministério do Esporte no início de 2010. Por meio de simulações com um modelo de equilíbrio geral, são projetados os impactos das fases de construção e operação desses investimentos, com atenção especial às fontes de financiamento (público, privado e BNDES. Os resultados apontam para um crescimento adicional médio de 1,2% no PIB das cidades-sede e a geração do equivalente a 158 mil empregos. A análise dos resultados indica, entretanto, que o impacto positivo desses investimentos depende da capacidade de financiamento privado e das necessidades de realocação do gasto público. Quanto maior a utilização de recursos públicos no financiamento dos investimentos da Copa 2014, menor seu impacto econômico.

Impacto social de la educación financiera, caso: Uniminuto regional Bucaramanga, Santander Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cesar Augusto Silva Giraldo

2018-01-01

Full Text Available En la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO, Centro regional Bucaramanga, desde el año 2016 se viene ejecutando el proyecto Educación Financiera y Nociones de Ciudadanía, el cual tiene como objetivo fomentar la toma de decisiones acertadas en los proyectos de vida de la población participante a través de una cátedra básica en Educación Financiera, emprendimiento y nociones en Ciudadanía, bajo técnicas activas de participación. Este proyecto no ha desarrollado un sistema de medición que permita determinar el impacto social. Considerando que el proyecto va encaminado a una acción que genere un impacto social en la población participante, debe ser evaluado, permitiendo analizar si se está consiguiendo el propósito planteado. Es por ello que a través de los referentes conceptuales y contextuales se presenta un análisis del impacto social que genera la educación financiera en las comunidades, tomando como caso específico Uniminuto Regional Bucaramanga.

Assessment of mitigation pathways of GHG emissions from the Korean waste sector through 2050

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Yongjoo Chung

2018-05-01

Full Text Available The waste sector may play a significant role in national mitigation policies with further greenhouse gas (GHG reduction opportunities mainly because of its linkage to other sectors. However, the waste sector has not drawn much attention from research community mainly because the amount of GHG emissions from the waste sector is notably smaller than other sectors. This study presents emissions estimation and mitigation potentials of the waste sector in Korea. Emission estimates and business-as-usual emissions through 2050 are estimated based on four different treatment methods, including landfill, incineration, wastewater, and biological treatment by considering country-specific emission parameters of wastes, where available. Different types of wastes for each treatment method are investigated to obtain accurate emission estimates. It is expected that GHG emissions in 2050 are about 12.0 Tg CO2eq, which is 17% less than those in 2010. Mitigation potentials and economic impacts of five different measures are also investigated, and it is revealed that the production of refuse drive fuel from combustible municipal solid wastes may render the greatest benefit with the most mitigation potential of 649 kt CO2eq. An interdependent nature among mitigation measures is further discussed and it is shown that, if implemented together, the accumulated mitigation potentials are far less than the simple sum of individual potentials. It is implied that an aggregate potential of individual measures needs to be examined when implementing several mitigation measures simultaneously. This study outlines how to investigate emissions estimation and mitigation pathways for the waste sector in a national level. Keywords: Greenhouse gas, Emissions estimation, Waste treatment, Mitigation potential, Marginal abatement cost

Analysis of mitigating measures during steam/hydrogen distributions in nuclear reactor containments with the 3D field code gasflow

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Royl, P.; Travis, J.R.; Haytcher, E.A.; Wilkening, H.

1997-01-01

This paper reports on the recent model additions to the 3D field code GASFLOW and on validation and application analyses for steam/hydrogen transport with inclusion of mitigation measures. The results of the 3D field simulation of the HDR test E11.2 are summarized. Results from scoping analyses that simulate different modes of CO2 inertization for conditions from the HDR test T31.5 are presented. The last part discusses different ways of recombiner modeling during 3D distribution simulations and gives the results from validation calculations for the HDR recombiner test E11.8.1 and the Battelle test MC3. The results demonstrate that field code simulations with computer codes like GASFLOW are feasible today for complex containment geometries and that they are necessary for a reliable prediction of hydrogen/steam distribution and mitigation effects. (author)

Construction and measurements of an improved vacuum-swing-adsorption radon-mitigation system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Street, J.; Bunker, R.; Dunagan, C.; Loose, X.; Schnee, R. W.; Stark, M.; Sundarnath, K.; Tronstad, D.

2015-01-01

In order to reduce backgrounds from radon-daughter plate-out onto detector surfaces, an ultra-low-radon cleanroom is being commissioned at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. An improved vacuum-swing-adsorption radon mitigation system and cleanroom build upon a previous design implemented at Syracuse University that achieved radon levels of ∼0.2 Bq m −3 . This improved system will employ a better pump and larger carbon beds feeding a redesigned cleanroom with an internal HVAC unit and aged water for humidification. With the rebuilt (original) radon mitigation system, the new low-radon cleanroom has already achieved a > 300× reduction from an input activity of 58.6 ± 0.7 Bq m −3 to a cleanroom activity of 0.13 ± 0.06 Bq m −3

Construction and measurements of an improved vacuum-swing-adsorption radon-mitigation system

Science.gov (United States)

Street, J.; Bunker, R.; Dunagan, C.; Loose, X.; Schnee, R. W.; Stark, M.; Sundarnath, K.; Tronstad, D.

2015-08-01

In order to reduce backgrounds from radon-daughter plate-out onto detector surfaces, an ultra-low-radon cleanroom is being commissioned at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. An improved vacuum-swing-adsorption radon mitigation system and cleanroom build upon a previous design implemented at Syracuse University that achieved radon levels of ˜0.2 Bq m-3. This improved system will employ a better pump and larger carbon beds feeding a redesigned cleanroom with an internal HVAC unit and aged water for humidification. With the rebuilt (original) radon mitigation system, the new low-radon cleanroom has already achieved a > 300× reduction from an input activity of 58.6 ± 0.7 Bq m-3 to a cleanroom activity of 0.13 ± 0.06 Bq m-3.

Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test Facility mitigation action plan. Annual report for 1997

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haagenstad, H.T.

1998-01-15

This Mitigation Action Plan Annual Report (MAPAR) has been prepared by the US Department of Energy (DOE) as part of implementing the Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test Facility (DARHT) Mitigation Action Plan (MAP). This MAPAR provides a status on specific DARHT facility design- and construction-related mitigation actions that have been initiated in order to fulfill DOE`s commitments under the DARHT MAP. The functions of the DARHT MAP are to (1) document potentially adverse environmental impacts of the Phased Containment Option delineated in the Final EIS, (2) identify commitments made in the Final EIS and ROD to mitigate those potential impacts, and (3) establish Action Plans to carry out each commitment (DOE 1996). The DARHT MAP is divided into eight sections. Sections 1--5 provide background information regarding the NEPA review of the DARHT project and an introduction to the associated MAP. Section 6 references the Mitigation Action Summary Table which summaries the potential impacts and mitigation measures; indicates whether the mitigation is design-, construction-, or operational-related; the organization responsible for the mitigation measure; and the projected or actual completion data for each mitigation measure. Sections 7 and 8 discuss the Mitigation Action Plan Annual Report and Tracking System commitment and the Potential Impacts, Commitments, and Action Plans respectively. Under Section 8, potential impacts are categorized into five areas of concern: General Environment, including impacts to air and water; Soils, especially impacts affecting soil loss and contamination; Biotic Resources, especially impacts affecting threatened and endangered species; Cultural/Paleontological Resources, especially impacts affecting the archeological site known as Nake`muu; and Human Health and Safety, especially impacts pertaining to noise and radiation. Each potential impact includes a brief statement of the nature of the impact and its cause(s). The commitment

Modelling mitigation options to reduce diffuse nitrogen water pollution from agriculture.

Science.gov (United States)

Bouraoui, Fayçal; Grizzetti, Bruna

2014-01-15

Agriculture is responsible for large scale water quality degradation and is estimated to contribute around 55% of the nitrogen entering the European Seas. The key policy instrument for protecting inland, transitional and coastal water resources is the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Reducing nutrient losses from agriculture is crucial to the successful implementation of the WFD. There are several mitigation measures that can be implemented to reduce nitrogen losses from agricultural areas to surface and ground waters. For the selection of appropriate measures, models are useful for quantifying the expected impacts and the associated costs. In this article we review some of the models used in Europe to assess the effectiveness of nitrogen mitigation measures, ranging from fertilizer management to the construction of riparian areas and wetlands. We highlight how the complexity of models is correlated with the type of scenarios that can be tested, with conceptual models mostly used to evaluate the impact of reduced fertilizer application, and the physically-based models used to evaluate the timing and location of mitigation options and the response times. We underline the importance of considering the lag time between the implementation of measures and effects on water quality. Models can be effective tools for targeting mitigation measures (identifying critical areas and timing), for evaluating their cost effectiveness, for taking into consideration pollution swapping and considering potential trade-offs in contrasting environmental objectives. Models are also useful for involving stakeholders during the development of catchments mitigation plans, increasing their acceptability. © 2013.

Impacto ambiental del manejo de desechos sólidos ordinarios en una comunidad rural

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Carlos Salas Jiménez

2006-05-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es identificar y evaluarlos impactos ambientales en cada una de las etapas de la actividad de recuperación de desechos sólidos ordinarios en una comunidad rural. Con el fin de definir las acciones por ejecutar para prever, impedir, minimizar y mitigar los efectos adversos sobre el entorno natural y social. La recuperación de los desechos ordinarios en comunidades rurales tiene un enfoque ambientalista, pero sus actividades deben planificarse de tal modo que mitiguen los impactos negativos, principalmente por la degradación estética del ambiente.

Impacto orcamentario da utilizacao do Metodo Canguru no cuidado neonatal

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Aline Piovezan Entringer

2013-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO Estimar o impacto orçamentário da utilização do Método Canguru na rede municipal de saúde. MÉTODOS Um modelo de decisão analítico foi desenvolvido para simular os custos do Método Canguru e Unidade Intermediária Neonatal no Rio de Janeiro, RJ, em 2011. A população de referência foi constituída pelos recém-nascidos estáveis clinicamente, que podem receber assistência nas duas modalidades de cuidado. O impacto orçamentário foi estimado para uma coorte hipotética de 1.000 recém-nascidos elegíveis em um ano. A proporção de recém-nascidos elegíveis que recebem assistência nas duas modalidades foi obtida por coleta de dados nas maternidades incluídas no estudo. As probabilidades dos eventos e o consumo de recursos de saúde, no período da assistência, foram incorporados ao modelo. Cenários foram desenvolvidos para refletir a adoção do método Canguru em maior ou menor escala. RESULTADOS A utilização do Método Canguru significou redução de gastos equivalente a 16% em um ano, se todos os recém-nascidos elegíveis fossem assistidos por esse método. CONCLUSÕES A opção Método Canguru é de menor custo comparado com a da Unidade Intermediária Neonatal. A análise de impacto orçamentário da utilização desse método no Sistema Único de Saúde indicou economia importante para o período de um ano.

IMPLICANCIAS DE LA PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA EN LA APROBACIÓN DEL ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DEL PROYECTO MINERO TÍA MARÍA - COCACHACRA, ISLAY, AREQUIPA PRESENTADO EN EL 2009 Y SU MODIFICATORIA EN EL PERIODO 2010

OpenAIRE

VERA TORRES, ANA MELVA

2014-01-01

PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA MECANISMOS DE PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA DEFINICIÓN DE ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL Y DEL ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO SOCIAL EL ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL PROPÓSITO DEL ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL PLAN DE MANEJO AMBIENTAL CONTROL Y MITIGACIÓN DE LOS IMPACTOS DEL PROYECTO ESQUEMA BÁSICO DE UN ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO SOCIAL LA LÍNEA BASE SOCIO ECONÓMICA LA PREVISIÓN Y EVALUACIÓN DE IMPACTOS EL MANEJO DE IMPACTO SOCIO ECONÓMICOS EL PLAN DE RELACIONES COMUNITARIAS ESTABLECIMIENTO DE UN ...

Hungry Horse Dam Fisheries Mitigation Implementation Plan, 1990-2003 Progress (Annual) Report.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks; Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes

1993-03-10

In this document the authors present mitigation implementation activities to protect and enhance resident fish and aquatic habitat affected by the construction and operation of Hungry Horse Dam. This plan only addresses non-operational actions (mitigation measures that do not affect dam operation) described in the 'Fisheries Mitigation Plan for Losses Attributable to the Construction and Operation of Hungry Horse Dam' (Mitigation Plan) submitted to the Northwest Power Planning Council (Council) in March 1991 and in accordance with subsequent Council action on that Mitigation Plan. Operational mitigation was deferred for consideration under the Columbia Basin System Operation Review (SOR) process. This document represents an implementation plan considered and conditionally approved by the Council in March of 1993.

Delay Mitigation in the Malaysian Housing Industry: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chang Saar Chai

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The housing industry is one of the major contributors to the economy in Malaysia due to the constantly high housing demand. The housing demand has increased due to the rapid growth in population and urbanisation in the country. One of the major challenges in the housing industry is the late delivery of housing supply, which in some instances leads to sick and abandoned housing projects. Despite being extensively investigated, th in a negative impact, there is a strong need to review the housing delay mitigation measures practised in Malaysia. This paper aims to evaluate the current delay mitigation measures and its main objective is to explore the relationship between the mitigation measures and delay in housing via a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM approach. A questionnaire survey through an online survey tool was conducted across 13 states and three Federal Territories in Malaysia. The target respondents are the local authorities, developers, consultants (principal submitting persons and contractors. The findings show that 17 predictive, preventive, organisational or corrective. This paper demonstrates that preventive measures are the most influential mitigation measures for housing delivery delay.

Metodología para evaluar el impacto de la maquinaria agrícola sobre los recursos naturales del medio ambiente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Norge Díaz Rodríguez

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Se realizó una propuesta de metodología para evaluar el impacto que ejerce la maquinaria agrícola sobre algunos de los recursos naturales del medio ambiente. Durante su explotación la maquinaria agrícola, como unidad energética para el trabajo agrícola, produce un conjunto de impactos negativos sobre el medio en tres direcciones fundamentales: suelo, aire, y agua. A pesar de existir conciencia sobre este problema, no se disponen de herramientas apropiadas para hacer una evaluación certera de la magnitud de estos impactos, lo cual no es una simple tarea.

FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program - Property Acquisitions

Data.gov (United States)

Department of Homeland Security — HMGP provides grants to states and local governments to implement long-term hazard mitigation measures after a major disaster declaration. The HMGP is one of three...

A bottom up approach to implementing multi-purpose mitigation measures for reducing flood risk and improving water quality in agricultural catchments

Science.gov (United States)

Wilkinson, M. E.; Quinn, P. F.; Jonczyk, J.; Burke, S.; Nicholson, A.; Barber, N.; Owen, G.; Palmer, M.

2012-04-01

A number of studies have suggested that there is evidence that modern land-use management practices have increased surface runoff at the local scale. There is an urgent need for interventions to reduce the risk of flooding whilst also delivering multiple benefits (doing more for less). There are many settlements, which regularly suffer from flooding, which would benefit from upstream mitigation measures. Interventions at the source of runoff generation can have a positive impact on the flood hydrograph downstream. An integrated approach to managing runoff can also have multiple benefits on pollution and ecology, which could lead to beneficial impacts at the catchment scale. Belford, a small community in Northumberland, UK has suffered from an increased number of flood events over the past ten years. There is currently support within the English and Welsh Environment Agency for sustainable flood management solutions such as storage ponds, wetlands, beaver dams and willow riparian features which are being trialled at Belford. These runoff attenuation features (RAFs) also have benefits to water quality, capture sediment and create new ecological zones. Although the process by which numerous RAFs were deployed in Belford proved initially difficult to achieve within the existing regulatory framework, an efficient uptake process is now supported by local regulators including several branches of the Environment Agency. The Belford runoff management framework provides a step by step guide to implementing mitigation measures in the Belford burn catchment and could be easily applied to other catchments at a similar scale. The approach is based on implementing mitigation measures through engaging with catchment stakeholders and using solid field science and management protocols.

Impact mitigation in EIA

OpenAIRE

Bond, Alan; Cashmore, Matthew; Cobb, Dick; Tinker, Lauren

2005-01-01

This study analysed 40 planning applications in the East of England to investigate the practice of translating paper recommendations in the environmental statement (ES) into legal conditions and obligations. A high proportion (50%) of suggested mitigation measures were not translated into planning conditions or obligations. However, a significant number of additional conditions or obligations, not directly based on the ES, were imposed on developers. The research su...

Silk industry and carbon footprint mitigation

Science.gov (United States)

Giacomin, A. M.; Garcia, J. B., Jr.; Zonatti, W. F.; Silva-Santos, M. C.; Laktim, M. C.; Baruque-Ramos, J.

2017-10-01

Currently there is a concern with issues related to sustainability and more conscious consumption habits. The carbon footprint measures the total amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced directly and indirectly by human activities and is usually expressed in tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents. The present study takes into account data collected in scientific literature regarding the carbon footprint, garments produced with silk fiber and the role of mulberry as a CO2 mitigation tool. There is an indication of a positive correlation between silk garments and carbon footprint mitigation when computed the cultivation of mulberry trees in this calculation. A field of them mitigates CO2 equivalents in a proportion of 735 times the weight of the produced silk fiber by the mulberry cultivated area. At the same time, additional researches are needed in order to identify and evaluate methods to advertise this positive correlation in order to contribute to a more sustainable fashion industry.

O impacto do e-mail marketing no processo de decisão do consumidor final

OpenAIRE

Mouro, Ana Catarina Ruas

2015-01-01

Mestrado em Comunicação Cultura e Tecnologias da Informação Esta dissertação recai sobre o tema do E-mail Marketing e sobretudo sobre o impacto que tem junto do consumidor final. Nesta dissertação abordou-se primeiramente o impacto que a internet e o mundo digital teve no marketing. Esta perceção é fundamental para que possamos entender a importância que tem o E-mail Marketing nos dias de hoje e a utilidade que esta ferramenta pode vir a ter se bem utilizada. Foi realizado um estudo ...

Construction and measurements of an improved vacuum-swing-adsorption radon-mitigation system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Street, J., E-mail: joseph.street@mines.sdsmt.edu; Bunker, R.; Dunagan, C.; Loose, X.; Schnee, R. W.; Stark, M.; Sundarnath, K.; Tronstad, D. [Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 (United States)

2015-08-17

In order to reduce backgrounds from radon-daughter plate-out onto detector surfaces, an ultra-low-radon cleanroom is being commissioned at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. An improved vacuum-swing-adsorption radon mitigation system and cleanroom build upon a previous design implemented at Syracuse University that achieved radon levels of ∼0.2 Bq m{sup −3}. This improved system will employ a better pump and larger carbon beds feeding a redesigned cleanroom with an internal HVAC unit and aged water for humidification. With the rebuilt (original) radon mitigation system, the new low-radon cleanroom has already achieved a > 300× reduction from an input activity of 58.6 ± 0.7 Bq m{sup −3} to a cleanroom activity of 0.13 ± 0.06 Bq m{sup −3}.

Implications of Climate Mitigation for Future Agricultural Production

Science.gov (United States)

Mueller, Christoph; Elliott, Joshua; Chryssanthacopoulos, James; Deryng, Delphine; Folberth, Christian; Pugh, Thomas A. M.; Schmid, Erwin

2015-01-01

Climate change is projected to negatively impact biophysical agricultural productivity in much of the world. Actions taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate future climate changes, are thus of central importance for agricultural production. Climate impacts are, however, not unidirectional; some crops in some regions (primarily higher latitudes) are projected to benefit, particularly if increased atmospheric carbon dioxide is assumed to strongly increase crop productivity at large spatial and temporal scales. Climate mitigation measures that are implemented by reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations lead to reductions both in the strength of climate change and in the benefits of carbon dioxide fertilization. Consequently, analysis of the effects of climate mitigation on agricultural productivity must address not only regions for which mitigation is likely to reduce or even reverse climate damages. There are also regions that are likely to see increased crop yields due to climate change, which may lose these added potentials under mitigation action. Comparing data from the most comprehensive archive of crop yield projections publicly available, we find that climate mitigation leads to overall benefits from avoided damages at the global scale and especially in many regions that are already at risk of food insecurity today. Ignoring controversial carbon dioxide fertilization effects on crop productivity, we find that for the median projection aggressive mitigation could eliminate approximately 81% of the negative impacts of climate change on biophysical agricultural productivity globally by the end of the century. In this case, the benefits of mitigation typically extend well into temperate regions, but vary by crop and underlying climate model projections. Should large benefits to crop yields from carbon dioxide fertilization be realized, the effects of mitigation become much more mixed, though still positive globally and beneficial in many

Implications of climate mitigation for future agricultural production

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Müller, Christoph; Elliott, Joshua; Chryssanthacopoulos, James; Deryng, Delphine; Folberth, Christian; Pugh, Thomas A M; Schmid, Erwin

2015-01-01

Climate change is projected to negatively impact biophysical agricultural productivity in much of the world. Actions taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate future climate changes, are thus of central importance for agricultural production. Climate impacts are, however, not unidirectional; some crops in some regions (primarily higher latitudes) are projected to benefit, particularly if increased atmospheric carbon dioxide is assumed to strongly increase crop productivity at large spatial and temporal scales. Climate mitigation measures that are implemented by reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations lead to reductions both in the strength of climate change and in the benefits of carbon dioxide fertilization. Consequently, analysis of the effects of climate mitigation on agricultural productivity must address not only regions for which mitigation is likely to reduce or even reverse climate damages. There are also regions that are likely to see increased crop yields due to climate change, which may lose these added potentials under mitigation action. Comparing data from the most comprehensive archive of crop yield projections publicly available, we find that climate mitigation leads to overall benefits from avoided damages at the global scale and especially in many regions that are already at risk of food insecurity today. Ignoring controversial carbon dioxide fertilization effects on crop productivity, we find that for the median projection aggressive mitigation could eliminate ∼81% of the negative impacts of climate change on biophysical agricultural productivity globally by the end of the century. In this case, the benefits of mitigation typically extend well into temperate regions, but vary by crop and underlying climate model projections. Should large benefits to crop yields from carbon dioxide fertilization be realized, the effects of mitigation become much more mixed, though still positive globally and beneficial in many food insecure

Impacto ambiental de la explotación del yacimiento de materiales de construcción El Cacao

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Naísma Hernández-Jatib

2011-03-01

Full Text Available El impacto ambiental que produce la explotación del yacimiento de calizas El Cacao, se estudió haciendo uso de una metodología que conjuga distintas propuestas de otros investigadores. La metodología permitió identificar los impactos ambientales producidos por las acciones de desbroce, destape y extracción, perforación y voladura, excavaciones, transportación, procesamiento de la materia prima y su almacenamiento; así como la interacción entre estas acciones y los componentes del medio (suelo, aire, agua, flora, fauna, paisaje, infraestructura y economía. Se encontró que los impactos más considerables ocurren durante el desbroce y destape, y que los componentes ambientales más afectados son el suelo, el aire, el agua y la economía. Finalmente se proponen medidas correctoras para mitigar las afectaciones ambientales.

Policies and Measures to Realise Industrial Energy Efficiency and Mitigate Climate Change

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Price, L.K.; McKane, A.T.; Ploutakhina, M.; Monga, P.; Gielen, D.; Bazilian, M.; Nussbaumer, P.; Howells, M.; Rogner, H.-H.

2009-01-01

The industrial sector is responsible for a significant share of global energy use and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. Energy efficiency is commonly seen as the most cost-effective, least-polluting, and most readily-accessible industrial energy saving option available in the industrial sector worldwide. Capturing the full extent of these potential end-use energy efficiency improvements rapidly is essential if the world is to be on a path to stabilise greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations to a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. In the International Energy Agency (IEA) 450 parts per million stabilisation scenario, over a quarter of all energy efficiency gains need to come from the industrial sector by 2050, largely by changing the pattern of industrial energy use. The reduction potential estimated by IEA and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for five energy-intensive industrial sub-sectors ranges from about 10 to 40 per cent, depending upon the sector. There is significant potential to reduce, at low or no cost, the amount of energy used to manufacture most commodities. Many policies and programmes - at a national level - have already demonstrated significant improvements in industrial energy efficiency. The associate reduction in energy needs often also improves economic competitiveness as well as mitigates GHG emissions. However, at an international level, approaches such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) are not yet delivering the expected energy efficiency improvements. Existing and effective industrial energy efficiency policies and measures could be replicated at a global level. Key elements of those policies and measures include increasing facility management attention to the issue of energy efficiency; promoting the dissemination of information, practice, and tools; increasing the auditing and implementation capacity; and developing the market for industrial energy efficiency

Impacto da responsabilidade social sob a óptica empresarial do norte litoral de Portugal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valentin Alejandro Martínez Fernández

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La responsabilidad social surge en la literatura del siglo XIX y desde entonces ha ganado una mayor expresión, atención e interés de los estudiosos, empresarios y público en general, debido a su impacto en particular. Por lo tanto, la responsabi- lidad social ha tenido en las últimas décadas una fuerte expansión que ha llevado a su aplicabilidad en la estrategia empresarial. Hoy, académicos y hombres de negocios van juntos tratando nuevas estrategias que incluyen nuevas variables en un estudio propiciado por la aparición de nuevas formas de actividad empresarial y por la creación de redes sociales. Ante esta nueva situación, el propósito de este artículo es comprobar si hay un impacto en la adopción de prácticas de respon- sabilidad social de las empresas de Maia y, en caso afirmativo, si afecta positiva o negativamente a la imagen corporativa de las empresas en el litoral norte de Portugal. Este artículo se estructura en dos secciones. La primera consiste en una revisión de la literatura sobre el tema, presentando el tema principal de los marcos conceptuales para el análisis. La segunda parte consiste en un estudio empírico que utiliza un análisis multivariado factorial que permite la activación de las primeras conclusiones sobre el impacto de la responsabilidad social en Portugal, sobre todo en las empresas objeto de estudio. Se encontró en el estudio que la práctica de la responsabilidad social crea impacto en las acciones de las empresas, pero no se produce de manera significativa en sus resultados económicos.

EL IMPACTO BIBLIOMÉTRICO DEL MOVIMIENTO MOOC EN LA COMUNIDAD CIENTÍFICA ESPAÑOLA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ignacio Aguaded Gómez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available España ha sido durante el año 2013 el país líder europeo en oferta de cursos MOOC y se encuentra en una posición puntera a nivel mundial en el número de cursos masivos ofertados en 2014. Esta prolífica actividad se está trasladando al mundo divulgativo y científico en forma de entradas en blogs, redes sociales y páginas web, así como en forma de artículos científicos y libros que intentan analizar el movimiento desde diferentes aproximaciones metodológicas. Hasta el momento, no se ha analizado la repercusión bibliométrica del impacto del movimiento MOOC en la comunidad científica española, por lo que el objetivo de esta investigación, es realizar un estudio bibliométrico de la repercusión científica en forma de artículo o libro de investigación en revistas y editoriales españolas durante el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2010 y junio de 2014. El estudio se afronta desde una metodología descriptiva y cuantitativa tomando como referencia indicadores bibliométricos de producción, en número de citas e indicadores de visibilidad y de impacto en diferentes bases de datos: Wos/Social Science Citation Index, Scopus, In-Recs, Google Scholar y la categorización de revistas científicas españolas (ANEP/ FECYT. Los resultados muestran que el impacto de la producción científica española en formato libro y artículo en prestigiosas bases de datos internacionales (Wos-SSCI/Scopus es muy bajo, aunque el impacto nacional según categorización ANEP/FECYT e In-Recs es moderadamente alto.

Impacto do diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral para a família

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Meryeli Santos de Araújo Dantas

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Investigación cualitativa, exploratorio-descriptiva, con el objetivo de comprender la percepción de la familia acerca del impacto del diagnóstico de parálisis cerebral de un hijo e identificar estrategias para hacer frete a la situación. Los datos fueron recolectados en una Clínica Escuela de Fisioterapia de una Universidad en João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil, con siete familias de niños con parálisis cerebral, de marzo a abril de 2009, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas. El análisis siguió los principios de la interpretación temática. Los resultados mostraron que el impacto de ese diagnóstico es un momento difícil y genera sentimientos de culpa en los padres. La familia siente miedo ante el desarrollo motor del hijo y se verifican cambios en la vida cotidiana. La fe y el amor al hijo ejercen influencia sobre la forma como tratan de adaptarse a la nueva situación. La familia necesita de una red de apoyo y de atención especial de los profesionales del área de la salud, que deben ser sensibles para promover espacios de escucha atenta, minimizando el impacto del diagnóstico y contribuyendo para hacer frete a la situación.

Indentación por impacto de baja energía: modelo completo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jiménez, O.

2004-04-01

Full Text Available The present work propose is the polymer and composites mechanical proprieties evaluation, using low energy impact techniques in flexure plate configuration hitting by a semi spherical indenters and working with a non linear and non conservative model that involve the permanent deformations due to the impact flexure and indentation. Two systems arrayed in serial configuration, a flexion spring-dashpot and an indentation hertzian spring-dashpot, conform this model. Since this do not have analytical solutions, a 4rd order Runge-Kutta numeric model is used in order to solve it and is compared with experimental results measuring the global energy lost with the restitution coefficient. Different polystyrene (PS matrix composites series with elastomeric and rigid dispersed phases were tested. A satisfactory model approach to the registered experimental curves is showed, allowing the elastic modulus calculus at high impact velocities and also the determination of the energy at the beginning of the specimen damage.

El objetivo de este trabajo es la evaluación de las propiedades mecánicas de polímeros y composites mediante el uso de técnicas de impacto de baja energía en configuración de flexión, de platos golpeados con cabezales semiesféricos, utilizando para ello un modelo no lineal y no conservativo que involucre el efecto de las deformaciones permanentes inherentes a la flexión y a la indentación presentes en el proceso de impacto. Este modelo esta compuesto por dos sistemas en serie: resorte-amortiguador para la flexión y resorte hertziano-amortiguador para la indentación. Al carecer éste de soluciones analíticas, se resuelve usando el método numérico de Runge-Kutta de cuarto orden, comparándose con resultados experimentales y evaluando, mediante el coeficiente de restitución, las pérdidas globales de energía ocasionadas durante el ensayo. Se realizaron ensayos en varias series de composites de matriz polimérica de

Impacto en la situación laboral de egresados de la educación presencial y virtual: estudio comparativo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Rojas-Rojasª

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación cuantifica las diferencias de impacto sobre la situación laboral de los egresados a raíz de su titulación entre las modalidades presencial y virtual, de un Programa de Educación Tecnológica Superior. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 102 egresados de una institución de educación superior colombiana (51 de cada modalidad bajo estudio, en el programa de Formación Tecnológica en Sistemas. Para medir el impacto se tuvieron en cuenta las condiciones de empleabilidad de los titulados, la fluctuación en el índice de calidad del empleo (ICE, las diferencias en cuanto a posibilidades de movilidad laboral representada en ascenso ocupacional, la diferencia del impacto de la formación virtual y presencial en los ingresos laborales obtenidos y la diferencia entre la continuidad en la formación académica y profesional de los titulados. Los análisis evidencian que sí se encuentran diferencias significativas de impacto sobre la situación laboral de los egresados, que favorecen la modalidad presencial.

Blast mitigation experimental and numerical studies

CERN Document Server

2013-01-01

Presents experimental methods of material and structural response to dynamic blast loads Includes computational analysis of material and structural response to dynamic blast loads Offers mitigation measures for structures in various environments Relates lab experiments to larger field tests Features more than 150 illustrations

O impacto do trabalho infantil no setor agrícola sobre a saúde

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre Chibebe Nicolella

2008-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desse artigo é verificar se o trabalho infantil no setor agrícola produz impacto negativo sobre a saúde. Para a análise foram utilizadas as PNADs (Pesquisas Nacionais por Amostra de Domicílios de 1998 e 2003, que trazem suplemento especial sobre saúde, empregando a técnica econométrica de pseudo-painel. Assim, foram consideradas as crianças de 5 a 15 anos em 1998 e de 10 a 20 anos em 2003. Os resultados mostram que, para os indivíduos economicamente ativos, a atividade no setor agrícola e o trabalho de risco no setor agrícola não diferem dos outros setores, ou seja, trabalhar no setor agrícola não impõe um maior desgaste à saúde em relação aos outros setores da economia. Se considerados todos os indivíduos economicamente ativos, os resultados mostram que o trabalho agrícola não afeta a saúde e que o trabalho não-agrícola tem impacto negativo. Dessa forma, acredita-se que a atuação do governo deve ser setorial, visando uma melhoria no acesso ao sistema de saúde, bem como aos medicamentos, e a promoção da educação materna com relação à saúde.The aim of this dissertation is to identify the causal relation between rural child labour and health. The analysis utilized the PNAD, a Brazilian household survey, from 1998 and 2003. The econometric modeling was based on the pseudo-panel approach and was considered the children from 5 to 15 years old in 1998 and from 10 to 20 years old in 2003. The results show that work and work in risky jobs in the agricultural sector do not differ from those impacts of other sectors. It was also presented, for all individuals that work in the agricultural sector does not impact the health capital and work in the non rural sector impact negatively the health capital. So, the government intervention in rural areas should be different from the one implemented on the urban area to mitigate the impact of child labour on health and also, the government intervention should be

A country framework for analyzing climate change mitigation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

King, K.

1995-01-01

Once the global community accepted the threat of global climate change as a serious one, many countries began to study its possible consequences and the scope for national action that could help mitigate it. Governments will find that national climate change studies are useful quite apart from helping them to fulfill commitments under the FCCC. All countries, developed and developing, will benefit from an understanding of the sacrifice they need to make for the greater benefit of climate change mitigation. This sacrifice - that is, the set of trade-offs or the 'added burden' - is what economists refer to as the 'incremental cost' of climate change mitigation actions. All countries will benefit from knowing what these costs are and from knowing how much their national action will matter. Using measures of cost and mitigation, they will be able to choose from among their alternative national actions those with the greatest effect and the lowest incremental cost. Eligible countries can also use these measures to negotiate the amount of financial assistance they need from the financial mechanism of the FCCC or other sources. A country framework for medium-term considerations will yield results useful for investment planning, policy choice, and financial reimbursement (where appropriate). This is the focus of the framework outlined in this paper. (EG) 15 refs

Climate change and livestock: Impacts, adaptation, and mitigation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Melissa Rojas-Downing

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Global demand for livestock products is expected to double by 2050, mainly due to improvement in the worldwide standard of living. Meanwhile, climate change is a threat to livestock production because of the impact on quality of feed crop and forage, water availability, animal and milk production, livestock diseases, animal reproduction, and biodiversity. This study reviews the global impacts of climate change on livestock production, the contribution of livestock production to climate change, and specific climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies in the livestock sector. Livestock production will be limited by climate variability as animal water consumption is expected to increase by a factor of three, demand for agricultural lands increase due to need for 70% growth in production, and food security concern since about one-third of the global cereal harvest is used for livestock feed. Meanwhile, the livestock sector contributes 14.5% of global greenhouse gas (GHG emissions, driving further climate change. Consequently, the livestock sector will be a key player in the mitigation of GHG emissions and improving global food security. Therefore, in the transition to sustainable livestock production, there is a need for: a assessments related to the use of adaptation and mitigation measures tailored to the location and livestock production system in use, and b policies that support and facilitate the implementation of climate change adaptation and mitigation measures.

IMPACT World+: Una nueva metodología global y regionalizada de Análisis del Impacto de Ciclo de Vida

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bulle, C.; Jolliet, O.; Humbert, S.

La mayoría de los impactos ambientales modelados en el análisis del impacto del ciclo de vida (AICV) son regionales o locales. Sin embargo, las metodologías de AICV actuales ofrecen factores de caracterización genéricos, representando las condiciones medias de un área específica (país o continente...

Noise and LPI radar as part of counter-drone mitigation system measures

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Yan (Rockee); Huang, Yih-Ru; Thumann, Charles

2017-05-01

With the rapid proliferation of small unmanned aerial systems (UAS) in the national airspace, small operational drones are being sometimes considered as a security threat for critical infrastructures, such as sports stadiums, military facilities, and airports. There have been many civilian counter-drone solutions and products reported, including radar and electromagnetic counter measures. For the current electromagnetic solutions, they are usually limited to particular type of detection and counter-measure scheme, which is usually effective for the specific type of drones. Also, control and communication link technologies used in even RC drones nowadays are more sophisticated, making them more difficult to detect, decode and counter. Facing these challenges, our team proposes a "software-defined" solution based on noise and LPI radar. For the detection, wideband-noise radar has the resolution performance to discriminate possible micro-Doppler features of the drone versus biological scatterers. It also has the benefit of more adaptive to different types of drones, and covertly detecting for security application. For counter-measures, random noise can be combined with "random sweeping" jamming scheme, to achieve the optimal balance between peak power allowed and the effective jamming probabilities. Some theoretical analysis of the proposed solution is provided in this study, a design case study is developed, and initial laboratory experiments, as well as outdoor tests are conducted to validate the basic concepts and theories. The study demonstrates the basic feasibilities of the Drone Detection and Mitigation Radar (DDMR) concept, while there are still much work needs to be done for a complete and field-worthy technology development.

La evaluación del impacto de los resultados científicos. Metodologías y niveles de análisis Impact assessment of scientific output. Methodologies and analytic levels

OpenAIRE

Jorge Lozano Casanova; Rita María Saavedra Roche; Neyda Fernández Franch

2011-01-01

Este artículo de revisión aborda la temática de la evaluación del impacto de los resultados de la ciencia y la innovación en el desarrollo social, como un elemento indispensable para conocer el cumplimiento de las políticas sociales en ciencia y tecnología. Se abordan las definiciones de impacto, impacto social y evaluación del impacto desde la perspectiva de múltiples autores. Se establece que de las tres dimensiones del impacto, la científica, la económica y la social, es esta última la que...

El impacto de la fusión de los icebergs en el nivel del mar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Domingo Villarroel Villamor

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Contrariamente a la creencia, muy extendida, de que la fusion de las grandes masas de hielo a la deriva en el oceano no repercute en un aumento del nivel del mar, lo cierto es que el deshielo de icebergs, barreras de hielo e incluso de la banquisa tiene, en el actual contexto de calentamiento global, un impacto nada despreciable en el nivel de los oceanos. Se presenta a continuacion una revision de este fenomeno y se propone un experimento ilustrativo que puede resultar util para ofrecer una experiencia directa relativa al impacto que sobre el nivel del mar tiene la fusion del hielo flotante en el oceano.

Impacto de las inversiones en TI en la eficiencia de los bancos argentinos Impacto dos investimentos em TI na eficiência dos bancos argentinos Impact of IT investments on efficiency in Argentinean banks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ángel Agustín Argañaraz

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Las tecnologías de información (TI constituyen en la actualidad una herramienta fundamental para el logro de ventajas competitivas en un contexto sumamente cambiante. Resulta relevante conocer el impacto de su utilización sobre el desempeño de las organizaciones, en particular en sectores como el bancario, que realizan un uso intensivo de información. En el presente trabajo se desarrolla un modelo que posibilita evaluar el impacto de las inversiones en TI sobre la eficiencia de las entidades bancarias. Se utilizó la técnica Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA como herramienta de medición de la eficiencia de acuerdo al modelo elaborado sobre la información obtenida de los estados contables de entidades bancarias de la República Argentina. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que los bancos alcanzaron un buen nivel de eficiencia global. Se encontró que los más eficientes son las sucursales de entidades financieras del exterior y los bancos locales de capital extranjero.A tecnologia da informação (TI é hoje uma ferramenta fundamental para alcançar vantagens competitivas em um ambiente altamente mutável. É importante conhecer o impacto de sua utilização no desempenho das organizações, especialmente em setores como o bancário, que faz uso extensivo de informações. Neste trabalho, desenvolve-se um modelo que permite avaliar o impacto dos investimentos em TI na eficiência dos bancos. Utilizou-se a técnica Análise Envoltória de Dados (Data Envelopment Analysis - DEA como ferramenta para medir a eficiência de acordo com o modelo elaborado com informações obtidas de demonstrações financeiras de bancos na Argentina. Os resultados mostraram que os bancos atingiram um bom nível de eficiência global. Verificou-se que os mais eficientes são os ramos de instituições financeiras estrangeiras e bancos locais com capital estrangeiro.Information Technology (IT represents an essential tool in the achievement of competitive

Procedimiento para la gestión de los impactos ambientales negativos asociados a la recuperación de materias primas en Cienfuegos, Cuba.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David Javier Castro Rodríguez

2016-04-01

Full Text Available El reciclaje constituye una actividad priorizada en Cuba. El objetivo fue implementar un procedimiento para la gestión de los impactos ambientales negativos asociados a los procesos operativos de la Empresa de Recuperación de Materias Primas de Cienfuegos. El procedimiento se construyó utilizando la propuesta del Instituto Andaluz de Tecnología para la gestión por procesos y los ocho pasos en la solución de problemas. Se combinaron herramientas de gestión bajo el principio de convergencia metodológica. Los impactos ambientales fueron evaluados mediante el software GAIA versión 1.0, utilizando los criterios propuestos por la Guía Metodológica de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental de Conesa. Se identificaron 97 impactos ambientales negativos, entre severos y moderados integraron el 80.41 % de ellos. El factor ambiental más impactado fue el físico-químico con el 50.52 %. El subproceso no metálico resultó el más impactante, con el 50 % de los impactos severos negativos totales y el 34 % de los moderados. Se identificaron las principales causas asociadas y se diseñó un plan de intervención de 35 medidas con base en los principios de Producción Más Limpia. Los resultados contribuyen a lograr la gestión de los impactos ambientales negativos de la entidad y a la sostenibilidad del reciclaje.

"¿CÓMO HA IDO LA FERIA?" ESTIMACIÓN DEL IMPACTO ECONÓMICO DE ACONTECIMIENTOS TURÍSTICOS: TRES ESTUDIOS DE CASO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José A. Corral

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Los acontecimientos pueden contribuir al desarrollo turístico de una ciudad y beneficiar a sus habitantes y empresas. Sin embargo, para poder diseñar los acontecimientos correctamente, es necesario comprender qué características determinan su impacto económico. Esta investigación pretende contribuir a tal entendimiento mediante la estimación y comparación del impacto económico de tres acontecimientos. Para estimar el impacto económico adoptamos un modelo básico de tres factores: (1 número de visitantes por (2 gasto medio por turista por (3 multiplicador. Primero estimamos el número de visitantes particulares y profesionales mediante diversos sistemas de conteo, encuestas personales e información suministrada por el organizador de los eventos. En segundo lugar, obtuvimos los importes y componentes del gasto de los visitantes por medio de una encuesta; también contamos los gastos de organización de los eventos a partir de sus respectivos presupuestos. Y, tercero, utilizamos multiplicadores de tablas input-output para analizar el impacto de los gastos directos sobre la producción, el valor añadido y el empleo y su distribución entre sectores económicos. Además, calculamos y comparamos ratios de rentabilidad de los tres eventos y dimos recomendaciones para aumentar su impacto económico.

Auditoria de enfermagem: o impacto das anotaçóes de enfermagem no contexto das glosas hospitalares

OpenAIRE

Ferreira, Tânia S; de Souza-Braga, André Luiz; Cavalcanti-Valente, Geilsa Soraia; Ferreira de Souza, Deise; Moreira Carvalho-Alves, Enilda

2009-01-01

Este estudo tratou da nossa observação frente ao impacto das anotações de enfermagem no contexto das glosas hospitalares. Nesta perspectiva, a pesquisa se norteia pela seguinte questão: como o profissional de enfermagem pode contribuir através dos registros para não ocorrência da glosa? Temos como objetivo identificar o impacto causado pelo não registro de enfermagem contrapondo às eventuais glosas, evidenciando os principais tipos decorrentes destes registros. Metodologicamente a pesquisa ut...

La evaluación del impacto de los resultados científicos. Metodologías y niveles de análisis Impact assessment of scientific output. Methodologies and analytic levels

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Lozano Casanova

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Este artículo de revisión aborda la temática de la evaluación del impacto de los resultados de la ciencia y la innovación en el desarrollo social, como un elemento indispensable para conocer el cumplimiento de las políticas sociales en ciencia y tecnología. Se abordan las definiciones de impacto, impacto social y evaluación del impacto desde la perspectiva de múltiples autores. Se establece que de las tres dimensiones del impacto, la científica, la económica y la social, es esta última la que presenta mayores dificultades en su medición por las complejas redes de interacciones que se ponen de manifiesto entre la sociedad y los resultados de la ciencia. Se abordan sus diferentes niveles de análisis y se presentan los aspectos generales de dos propuestas metodológicas para su medición.This review paper focuses on the impact assessment of the results of Science and Innovation over the social development, as an essential element in order to know the achievement of social politics in Science and technology. The definition of impact, social impact and impact assessment, are approached from the perspective of various authors. The main conceptual problems presented by the notion of impact are revised, and three dimension are described, the scientific, the economic and the social, the last one present more difficulty in it measurement because of the complexity of the interaction between society and science result. Two experiences for impact assessment are described, each one with a different methodology and analytical levels.

Assessing the effect of nutrient mitigation measures in the watersheds of the Southern Bight of the North Sea.

Science.gov (United States)

Thieu, Vincent; Garnier, Josette; Billen, Gilles

2010-02-15

The Seine, Somme, and Scheldt Rivers (France, Belgium, and Netherlands) are the major delivering rivers flowing into the continental coastal zone of the Southern Bight of the North Sea, an area regularly affected by eutrophication problems. In the present work, the Seneque-Riverstrahler model was implemented in a multi-regional case study in order to test several planned mitigation measures aimed at limiting stream nutrient contamination and restoring balanced nutrient ratios at the coastal zone. This modeling approach, which is spatially distributed at the basin scale, allows assessing the impact of any change in human activities, which widely differ over the three basins. Here, we define realistic scenarios based on currently proposed measures to reduce point and non-point sources, such as the upgrading of wastewater treatment, the introduction of catch crops, and the development of extensive farming. An analysis of the current situation showed that a 47-72% reduction in P point-source emissions within the three basins could be reached if the intended P treatment was generalized to the largest treatment plants. However, only an overall 14-23% reduction in N could be achieved at the outlet of the three basins, by combining improved wastewater treatment and land use with management measures aimed at regulating agricultural practices. Nonetheless, in spite of these efforts, N will still be exported in large excess with respect to the equilibrium defined by the Redfield ratios, even in the most optimistic hypothesis describing the long-term response of groundwater nitrate concentrations. A comprehensive assessment of these mitigation measures supports the need for additional reductions of nutrient losses from agriculture to control harmful algae development. It also stresses the relevance of this mechanistic approach, in which nutrient transfers from land to sea can be calculated, as an integrated strategy to test policy recommendations.

Strategies to mitigate nitrous oxide emissions from herbivore production systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Schils, R L M; Eriksen, J; Ledgard, S F; Vellinga, Th V; Kuikman, P J; Luo, J; Petersen, S O; Velthof, G L

2013-03-01

Herbivores are a significant source of nitrous oxide (N(2)O) emissions. They account for a large share of manure-related N(2)O emissions, as well as soil-related N(2)O emissions through the use of grazing land, and land for feed and forage production. It is widely acknowledged that mitigation measures are necessary to avoid an increase in N(2)O emissions while meeting the growing global food demand. The production and emissions of N(2)O are closely linked to the efficiency of nitrogen (N) transfer between the major components of a livestock system, that is, animal, manure, soil and crop. Therefore, mitigation options in this paper have been structured along these N pathways. Mitigation technologies involving diet-based intervention include lowering the CP content or increasing the condensed tannin content of the diet. Animal-related mitigation options also include breeding for improved N conversion and high animal productivity. The main soil-based mitigation measures include efficient use of fertilizer and manure, including the use of nitrification inhibitors. In pasture-based systems with animal housing facilities, reducing grazing time is an effective option to reduce N(2)O losses. Crop-based options comprise breeding efforts for increased N-use efficiency and the use of pastures with N(2)-fixing clover. It is important to recognize that all N(2)O mitigation options affect the N and carbon cycles of livestock systems. Therefore, care should be taken that reductions in N(2)O emissions are not offset by unwanted increases in ammonia, methane or carbon dioxide emissions. Despite the abundant availability of mitigation options, implementation in practice is still lagging. Actual implementation will only follow after increased awareness among farmers and greenhouse gases targeted policies. So far, reductions in N(2)O emissions that have been achieved are mostly a positive side effect of other N-targeted policies.

Análise de impactos socioambientais da infra-estrutura de transporte na Bacia do Purus-AM.

OpenAIRE

Andrés Leandro Gumiero Jaime

2008-01-01

A bacia do rio Purus, na Amazônia Ocidental, apesar de figurar como uma das menos antropizadas bacias da margem direita do complexo Solimões-Amazonas, já apresenta pontos de impacto antrópico associado à expansão da fronteira agropecuária. Tal impacto tem no estabelecimento da infra-estrutura de transportes seu principal eixo de avanço. Foi feita a simulação de alguns trechos de rodovias interligando municípios correspondente ao médio Purus (conforme designação proposta por SOUSA JÚNIOR et al...

Release mitigation spray safety systems for chemical demilitarization applications.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leonard, Jonathan; Tezak, Matthew Stephen; Brockmann, John E.; Servantes, Brandon; Sanchez, Andres L.; Tucker, Mark David; Allen, Ashley N.; Wilson, Mollye C.; Lucero, Daniel A.; Betty, Rita G.

2010-06-01

Sandia National Laboratories has conducted proof-of-concept experiments demonstrating effective knockdown and neutralization of aerosolized CBW simulants using charged DF-200 decontaminant sprays. DF-200 is an aqueous decontaminant, developed by Sandia National Laboratories, and procured and fielded by the US Military. Of significance is the potential application of this fundamental technology to numerous applications including mitigation and neutralization of releases arising during chemical demilitarization operations. A release mitigation spray safety system will remove airborne contaminants from an accidental release during operations, to protect personnel and limit contamination. Sandia National Laboratories recently (November, 2008) secured funding from the US Army's Program Manager for Non-Stockpile Chemical Materials Agency (PMNSCMA) to investigate use of mitigation spray systems for chemical demilitarization applications. For non-stockpile processes, mitigation spray systems co-located with the current Explosive Destruction System (EDS) will provide security both as an operational protective measure and in the event of an accidental release. Additionally, 'tented' mitigation spray systems for native or foreign remediation and recovery operations will contain accidental releases arising from removal of underground, unstable CBW munitions. A mitigation spray system for highly controlled stockpile operations will provide defense from accidental spills or leaks during routine procedures.

Climate change mitigation in China

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xu, Bo

2012-07-01

study the policy instruments for climate change mitigation in China, domestic measures and parts of international cooperation adopted by the Chinese government were reviewed and analysed. Domestic measures consist of administration, regulatory and economic instruments, while China's participation in international agreements on mitigating climate change is mainly by supplying certified emission reductions (CERs) to industrialised countries under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The most well-known instruments, i.e. taxes and emissions trading, are both at a critical stage of discussion before final implementation. Given the necessity for hybrid policies, it is important to optimise the combination of different policy instruments used in a given situation. The Durban Climate Change Conference in 2011 made a breakthrough decision that the second commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol would begin on 1 January 2013 and emissions limitation or reduction objectives for industrialised countries in the second period were quantified. China was also required to make more substantial commitments on limiting its emissions. The Chinese government announced at the Durban Conference that China will focus on the current mitigation target regarding CO{sub 2} intensity of GDP by 2020 and will conditionally accept a world-wide legal agreement on climate change thereafter. However, there will be no easy way ahead for China.

Lessons learnt from a sectoral analysis of greenhouse gas mitigation potential in the Balkans

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Georgopoulou, E.; Mirasgedis, S.; Sarafidis, Y.; Gakis, N.; Hontou, V.; Lalas, D.P.; Steiner, D.; Tuerk, A.; Fruhmann, C.; Pucker, J.

2015-01-01

Balkan countries in the process of joining the European Union shall adopt greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets and implement appropriate mitigation policies and measures. This paper presents a simplified methodological framework based on marginal abatement cost curves for estimating the technical and economic mitigation potential at sectoral level (buildings and road transport) in selected Balkan countries. The results of the analysis provide to decision makers useful information regarding the availability of background data, the potential for setting ambitious mitigation targets, and detailed tools for assisting the selection of policies and measures to meet these targets. The analysis performed shows that a significant part of the greenhouse gas emissions abatement potential can be achieved through win–win measures. The incorporation of environmental externalities associated with these interventions, estimated through benefits transfer, further improves the economic performance of these measures, especially in the buildings sector. Moreover, the implementation of these measures is shown to result in positive macroeconomic effects through increases in GDP (gross domestic product) and creation of new jobs. Finally, the rebound effect may restrict the estimated greenhouse gas emission reductions in the buildings of the countries examined due to the low energy performance of the existing building stock. - Highlights: • Analysis of the technical and economic GHG mitigation potential in western Balkans. • Marginal abatement cost curves highlight several win–win interventions. • Incorporation of environmental benefits improves the performance of measures. • Mitigation measures result in significant positive macroeconomic effects. • The investment costs and the rebound effect may influence measures' effectiveness.

Análisis de los impactos ambientales generados por parques eólicos. Caso práctico

OpenAIRE

Avilés, Antonio

2017-01-01

De conformidad con el Anexo II del Decreto -ley 5/2014, de 22 de abril, de medidas normativas para reducir las trabas administrativas para las empresas, los parques eólicos si tienen más de 6 aerogeneradores o 10 MW de potencia instalada, requieren una Autorización Ambiental Unificada ordinaria (AAU). Dicha autorización exige la redacción de un Estudio de Impacto Ambiental que analice y cuantifique los principales impactos a lo largo de las distintas fases del proyecto y establezca la...

La violencia en la región noroeste de Chihuahua. Experiencias e impactos desde la comunidad educativa

OpenAIRE

Marcos J. Estrada Ruiz; Adán Cano Aguilar

2013-01-01

La violencia escolar ha sido un tema explorado de manera importante en los últimos años desde la investigación educativa en México, sin embargo, en contextos de alta violencia no se han mostrado los impactos de la violencia extraescolar y estructural, en la escuela y en otros espacios comunitarios. El artículo presenta resultados de una investigación que tuvo por objetivo reconstruir el impacto de la violencia en la región noroeste de Chihuahua, desde la comunidad educativa (docentes, padres,...

Impacto de las redes de apoyo a la lactancia materna en la Región de Murcia

OpenAIRE

Baño Piñero, Isabel

2016-01-01

Antecedentes: Partimos de la hipótesis de que el impacto que ejercen las redes de apoyo a la lactancia materna, sobre las mujeres que lactan, es satisfactorio. Objetivos: Como objetivo general de este proyecto, nos proponemos conocer, valorar y descubrir cuál es el impacto real que ejercen las redes de apoyo a la lactancia materna sobre las mujeres que lactan a través de 5 objetivos específicos: 1. Conocer cuál es el grado de satisfacción percibido por las usuarias de los servicios de ...

Avaliação de impactos ambientais de rodovias no Módulo II da Floresta Estadual do Amapá

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gleyce Vilhena

2017-12-01

Full Text Available A rede rodoviária no Amapá é fundamental para o desenvolvimento das atividades produtivas nas cadeias extrativistas, florestal e mineral. A Floresta Estadual do Amapá (FLOTA, Unidade de Conservação de uso sustentável, foi implantada visando entre outras atividades, aproveitar o grande potencial dos recursos florestais. Composta de quatro módulos-áre é acessada através de rodovias conectadas aos dois principais eixos rodoviários do Estado, as BR-210 e 156. Esta pesquisa buscou realizar a avaliação dos impactos ambientais causados pela alteraçao do relevo na construção da rodovia de acesso ao entorno do modulo II da FLOTA e elaborar um modelo menos impactante para acesso às areas de manejo florestal. Para a avaliação de impactos utilizou-se o método de sobreposição de cartas com suporte na Matriz de Leopold. Constatou-se que os impactos ambientais causados pela estrada implantada no entorno, apresentam maior magnitude e importância quando comparados aos impactos do modelo de projeto geométrico proposto, elaborado com maior precisão na análise dos elementos do relevo.

Wildlife mitigation and monitoring report Gunnison, Colorado, site

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1997-04-01

The Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project is administered by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); its purpose is to cleanup uranium mill tailings and other contaminated material at 24 UMTRA Project sites in 10 states. This report summarizes the wildlife mitigation and monitoring program under way at the Gunnison UMTRA Project, Gunnison, Colorado. Remedial action at the Gunnison site was completed in December 1995 and is described in detail in the Gunnison completion report. The impacts of this activity were analyzed in the Gunnison environmental assessment (EA). These impacts included two important game species: the pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americans) and sage grouse (Wentrocerus urophasianus). Haul truck traffic was predicted to limit antelope access to water sources north of the Tenderfoot Mountain haul road and that truck traffic along this and other haul roads could result in antelope road kills. Clearing land at the disposal cell, haul road and borrow site activities, and the associated human activities also were predicted to negatively impact (directly and indirectly) sage grouse breeding, nesting, loafing, and wintering habitat. As a result, an extensive mitigation and monitoring plan began in 1992. Most of the monitoring studies are complete and the results of these studies, written by different authors, appear in numerous reports. This report will: (1) Analyze existing impacts and compare them to predicted impacts. (2) Summarize mitigation measures. (3) Summarize all existing monitoring data in one report. (4) Analyze the effectiveness of the mitigation measures

How to mitigate impacts of wind farms on bats? A review of potential conservation measures in the European context

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peste, Filipa; Paula, Anabela; Silva, Luís P. da; Bernardino, Joana; Pereira, Pedro; Mascarenhas, Miguel; Costa, Hugo; Vieira, José; Bastos, Carlos; Fonseca, Carlos; Pereira, Maria João Ramos

2015-01-01

Wind energy is growing worldwide as a source of power generation. Bat assemblages may be negatively affected by wind farms due to the fatality of a significant number of individuals after colliding with the moving turbines or experiencing barotrauma. The implementation of wind farms should follow standard procedures to prevent such negative impacts: avoid, reduce and offset, in what is known as the mitigation hierarchy. According to this approach avoiding impacts is the priority, followed by the minimisation of the identified impacts, and finally, when residual negative impacts still remain, those must be offset or at least compensated. This paper presents a review on conservation measures for bats and presents some guidelines within the compensation scenario, focusing on negative impacts that remain after avoidance and minimisation measures. The conservation strategies presented aim at the improvement of the ecological conditions for the bat assemblage as a whole. While developed under the European context, the proposed measures are potentially applicable elsewhere, taking into consideration the specificity of each region in terms of bat assemblages present, landscape features and policy context regarding nature and biodiversity conservation and management. An analysis of potential opportunities and constraints arising from the implementation of offset/compensation programmes and gaps in the current knowledge is also considered. - Highlights: • Wind energy impacts bat populations in ways not yet fully understood. • As the use of windfarms is growing worldwide greater impacts on bat populations are also expected. • Mitigation hierarchy provides a way to reduce impacts from new wind farm facilities. • Compensation measures may be used to reduce the residual effects on bat populations. • Identify bats ecological needs and compensate according to the existing surroundings

How to mitigate impacts of wind farms on bats? A review of potential conservation measures in the European context

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Peste, Filipa, E-mail: filipapeste@gmail.com [Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) (Portugal); Department of Biology, University of Aveiro (Portugal); Paula, Anabela [Bioinsight - Ambiente e Biodiversidade, Lda. Lisboa (Portugal); Silva, Luís P. da [Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) (Portugal); Department of Biology, University of Aveiro (Portugal); MARE and CEF, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra (Portugal); Bernardino, Joana; Pereira, Pedro [Bio3 - Estudos e Projectos em Biologia e Recursos Naturais, Lda. Almada (Portugal); Mascarenhas, Miguel [Bioinsight - Ambiente e Biodiversidade, Lda. Lisboa (Portugal); Costa, Hugo [Bio3 - Estudos e Projectos em Biologia e Recursos Naturais, Lda. Almada (Portugal); Vieira, José; Bastos, Carlos [Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics / IEETA, University of Aveiro (Portugal); Fonseca, Carlos [Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) (Portugal); Department of Biology, University of Aveiro (Portugal); Pereira, Maria João Ramos [Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) (Portugal); PPGBAN, Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil); PPGEC, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil)

2015-02-15

Wind energy is growing worldwide as a source of power generation. Bat assemblages may be negatively affected by wind farms due to the fatality of a significant number of individuals after colliding with the moving turbines or experiencing barotrauma. The implementation of wind farms should follow standard procedures to prevent such negative impacts: avoid, reduce and offset, in what is known as the mitigation hierarchy. According to this approach avoiding impacts is the priority, followed by the minimisation of the identified impacts, and finally, when residual negative impacts still remain, those must be offset or at least compensated. This paper presents a review on conservation measures for bats and presents some guidelines within the compensation scenario, focusing on negative impacts that remain after avoidance and minimisation measures. The conservation strategies presented aim at the improvement of the ecological conditions for the bat assemblage as a whole. While developed under the European context, the proposed measures are potentially applicable elsewhere, taking into consideration the specificity of each region in terms of bat assemblages present, landscape features and policy context regarding nature and biodiversity conservation and management. An analysis of potential opportunities and constraints arising from the implementation of offset/compensation programmes and gaps in the current knowledge is also considered. - Highlights: • Wind energy impacts bat populations in ways not yet fully understood. • As the use of windfarms is growing worldwide greater impacts on bat populations are also expected. • Mitigation hierarchy provides a way to reduce impacts from new wind farm facilities. • Compensation measures may be used to reduce the residual effects on bat populations. • Identify bats ecological needs and compensate according to the existing surroundings.

Relictos del paisaje historico rural de Uruguay: Estructuras en piedra relevadas en estudios de impacto arqueológico.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irina Capdepont Caffa

2016-07-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presentan las evidencias materiales del paisaje rural de diferentes zonas de Uruguay. El registro material refiere a estructuras en piedra relevadas en estudios de evaluación y diagnostico de impacto arqueológico. Estos estudios han sido llevados a cabo en el marco de proyectos privados de emprendimientos mineros. Los proyectos, enmarcados en la Arqueología de Contrato, buscaron diagnosticar los impactos de las obras proyectadas sobre el registro arqueológico del área y establecer las correspondientes medidas de mitigación, corrección o compensación. Buscando ahondar en el conocimiento de los paisajes antrópicos de Uruguay se da continuidad a estos proyectos, entendiendo esta continuidad como parte de la mitigación del impacto. Se presentan cinco casos de estudio que evidencian procesos de ocupación y explotación llevados a cabo en el medio rural a partir del siglo XVII.

Making the Handoff from Earthquake Hazard Assessments to Effective Mitigation Measures (Invited)

Science.gov (United States)

Applegate, D.

2010-12-01

This year has witnessed a barrage of large earthquakes worldwide with the resulting damages ranging from inconsequential to truly catastrophic. We cannot predict when earthquakes will strike, but we can build communities that are resilient to strong shaking as well as to secondary hazards such as landslides and liquefaction. The contrasting impacts of the magnitude-7 earthquake that struck Haiti in January and the magnitude-8.8 event that struck Chile in April underscore the difference that mitigation and preparedness can make. In both cases, millions of people were exposed to severe shaking, but deaths in Chile were measured in the hundreds rather than the hundreds of thousands that perished in Haiti. Numerous factors contributed to these disparate outcomes, but the most significant is the presence of strong building codes in Chile and their total absence in Haiti. The financial cost of the Chilean earthquake still represents an unacceptably high percentage of that nation’s gross domestic product, a reminder that life safety is the paramount, but not the only, goal of disaster risk reduction measures. For building codes to be effective, both in terms of lives saved and economic cost, they need to reflect the hazard as accurately as possible. As one of four federal agencies that make up the congressionally mandated National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) develops national seismic hazard maps that form the basis for seismic provisions in model building codes through the Federal Emergency Management Agency and private-sector practitioners. This cooperation is central to NEHRP, which both fosters earthquake research and establishes pathways to translate research results into implementation measures. That translation depends on the ability of hazard-focused scientists to interact and develop mutual trust with risk-focused engineers and planners. Strengthening that interaction is an opportunity for the next generation

Evaluación de impacto aplicada a un proyecto de mercadeo social

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luisa J. García

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Actualmente existe una nueva estrategia empresarial en donde el sectorprivado voluntariamente está buscando involucrarse en los temas sociales. Esta estrategia se conoce como Mercadeo Social y consiste básicamente en una actividad comercial en la cual la empresa privada y una entidad sin ánimo de lucro se alían para promover una marca, producto o servicio para mutuo beneficio. Un ejemplo de proyecto de Mercadeo Social en Colombia, consiste en una alianza entre una compañía multinacional y la Consejería Presidencial para la Equidad de la Mujer. Este proyecto busca ofrecer el acceso a microcréditos a mujeres cabeza de familia microempresarias con el fin de garantizar su independencia económica y en esta medida, luchar contra una de las principales causas de la violencia familiar contra la mujer. Tanto este proyecto como otros ejemplos de Mercadeo Social, promueven proyectos sociales que tienen un impacto directo sobre la sociedad que implica cambios en el bienestar de uno o varios grupos de la población afectados por estos proyectos. El objetivo de este trabajo es aplicar el Modelo de Emparejamiento de la metodología de Evaluación de Impacto al proyecto anteriormente mencionado, para determinar si el mismo ha tenido un impacto positivo para las mujeres beneficiarias en su nivel de ingresos en comparación con mujeres similares que no han sido beneficiarias del mismo. Se espera corroborar a partir de este ejercicio, que dicho proyecto si ha contribuido al bienestar económico y social de muchas mujeres colombianas a la luz de la teoría económica.

Impacto del estoma enteral en el niño y la familia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

SANDRA GUERRERO

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Las consecuencias para la familia de tener un hijo con estoma entérico han sido objeto de numerosas inquietudes en la práctica de enfermería. Este tipo de estoma se realiza en los niños como un procedimiento coadyuvante en el tratamiento de un problema de origen congénito, patológico o traumático, pero hay evidencias que indican que esta modificación funcional tiene impacto en diferentes aspectos de la vida cotidiana de la familia. Objetivo: identificar las evidencias en la literatura médica sobre el impacto de un estoma entérico (ileostomía y colostomía para el niño y su familia. Método: revisión bibliográfica de 14 investigaciones que abordan las vivencias de la familia y el niño ostomizado, localizadas en las bases de datos Cinahl, Medline, Ovid, Proquest, Lilacs y Dedalus. Resultados: mediante el análisis realizado se puede concluir que, pese a que los profesionales de la salud consideran que los estomas son una tecnología de baja complejidad, para el niño y la familia no tienen el mismo significado ya que alteran el estilo de vida y la dinámica familiar. Conclusiones: los resultados del análisis indicaron que hay necesidad de comprensión sobre el tema, con el fin de contribuir a la construcción del conocimiento, dirigido a la implementación de intervenciones que consideren el impacto del estoma sobre el niño y su familia.

Mitigation: cross-sectoral and other issues

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leemans, R. [National Inst. of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven (Netherlands). Coordination Center for Effects

1996-12-31

Measures, methodologies and technologies to reduce emissions and enhance sinks of greenhouse gases (GHG) are assessed in this paper, together with other options for limiting anthropogenic climatic change and consequences. This chapter of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Working Group II`s 1996 report discusses the cross-sectorial potential for reducing emissions between areas discussed specifically in other chapters namely energy supply, industry, transportation, human settlements, agriculture and forestry, aiming to provide an integrated analysis of mitigation options with cross-cutting themes. Energy supply and demand issues within a low GHG emissions scenario are discussed as are issues relating to land use and land cover. Broadly-based concepts for counterbalancing climatic change are described and their mitigation potential assessed. (UK)

Understanding household preferences for hurricane risk mitigation information: evidence from survey responses.

Science.gov (United States)

Chatterjee, Chiradip; Mozumder, Pallab

2014-06-01

Risk information is critical to adopting mitigation measures, and seeking risk information is influenced by a variety of factors. An essential component of the recently adopted My Safe Florida Home (MSFH) program by the State of Florida is to provide homeowners with pertinent risk information to facilitate hurricane risk mitigation activities. We develop an analytical framework to understand household preferences for hurricane risk mitigation information through allowing an intensive home inspection. An empirical analysis is used to identify major drivers of household preferences to receive personalized information regarding recommended hurricane risk mitigation measures. A variety of empirical specifications show that households with home insurance, prior experience with damages, and with a higher sense of vulnerability to be affected by hurricanes are more likely to allow inspection to seek information. However, households with more members living in the home and households who live in manufactured/mobile homes are less likely to allow inspection. While findings imply MSFH program's ability to link incentives offered by private and public agencies in promoting mitigation, households that face a disproportionately higher level of risk can get priority to make the program more effective. © 2014 Society for Risk Analysis.

La violencia en la región noroeste de Chihuahua. Experiencias e impactos desde la comunidad educativa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcos J. Estrada Ruiz

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La violencia escolar ha sido un tema explorado de manera importante en los últimos años desde la investigación educativa en México, sin embargo, en contextos de alta violencia no se han mostrado los impactos de la violencia extraescolar y estructural, en la escuela y en otros espacios comunitarios. El artículo presenta resultados de una investigación que tuvo por objetivo reconstruir el impacto de la violencia en la región noroeste de Chihuahua, desde la comunidad educativa (docentes, padres, estudiantes de dos municipios en particular. A la manera de estudios en caso y recurriendo al análisis de contenido, se analizanlos impactos en la percepción del incremento de la violencia a partir de la experiencia directa; la modificación de la dinámica de las escuelas; el abandono de los espacios públicos y el señalamiento de “nuevos” actores, aparentemente ajenos a la comunidad, que aparecen a priori por su condición social, como los responsables de la violencia.

Disaster risk mitigation – why human rights matter

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Walter Kälin

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Existing human rights obligations already require states totake measures to mitigate the risks of natural or man-madedisasters – including those due to climate change – and thusto prevent displacement.

Methane, nitrous oxide emissions and mitigation strategies for ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

flavio

2017-03-30

Mar 30, 2017 ... from livestock in developing countries and the mitigation actions that could be put in .... This measurement reflects most accurately the management, feeding and ...... and profit dimensions: A developing country perspective.

Impactos da volatilidade da taxa de câmbio no comércio setorial do Mercosul

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauricio V. L. Bittencourt

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudo capta o impacto da volatilidade da taxa de câmbio real bilateral no comércio. Estima-se um modelo gravitacional setorial utilizando-se duas medidas de volatilidade da taxa de câmbio. Os resultados mostram que uma redução na volatilidade da taxa de câmbio, o crescimento da renda e a redução das tarifas comerciais contribuem para aumentar o comércio bilateral no Mercosul. Este estudo sugere a inclusão e implementação de políticas comuns, estáveis e integradas entre os países do Mercosul, de modo a reduzir os impactos adversos da volatilidade cambial no comércio dos países envolvidos.This study captures the impact of real bilateral exchange rate volatility on trade. A sectoral gravity model is estimated under two different measures of exchange rate volatility. Results show that a reduction in exchange rate volatility, an increase in the country’s income, and a reduction in trade tariffs can increase bilateral trade in Mercosur. This study suggests the inclusion and implementation of common, stable, and integrated policies among Mercosur countries, aiming to reduce the adverse effects of the exchange rate volatility on bilateral trade among these countries.

Issues of Mitigation Strategies in Augmented System for Next Generation Control Room

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tuan Q. Tran

2007-08-01

Past research on augmented systems has been predominately concerned with measuring and classifying an operator’s functional states. Only recently has the field begun researching mitigation strategies. The purpose of this paper is to add further conceptual understanding to mitigation strategies. Based upon the decision making literature, we pose three issues that mitigation strategies need to resolve: the types of decision strategies an operator uses, the structure of the information that an operator processes, and finally, the cue or pattern of cues that the operator relies on in making decisions. These issues are important to ensure that mitigation strategies are congruent to operator’s decision-making behaviors.

Voluntary climate change mitigation actions of young adults: a classification of mitigators through latent class analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Korkala, Essi A E; Hugg, Timo T; Jaakkola, Jouni J K

2014-01-01

Encouraging individuals to take action is important for the overall success of climate change mitigation. Campaigns promoting climate change mitigation could address particular groups of the population on the basis of what kind of mitigation actions the group is already taking. To increase the knowledge of such groups performing similar mitigation actions we conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in Finland. The study population comprised 1623 young adults who returned a self-administered questionnaire (response rate 64%). Our aims were to identify groups of people engaged in similar climate change mitigation actions and to study the gender differences in the grouping. We also determined if socio-demographic characteristics can predict group membership. We performed latent class analysis using 14 mitigation actions as manifest variables. Three classes were identified among men: the Inactive (26%), the Semi-active (63%) and the Active (11%) and two classes among women: the Semi-active (72%) and the Active (28%). The Active among both genders were likely to have mitigated climate change through several actions, such as recycling, using environmentally friendly products, preferring public transport, and conserving energy. The Semi-Active had most probably recycled and preferred public transport because of climate change. The Inactive, a class identified among men only, had very probably done nothing to mitigate climate change. Among males, being single or divorced predicted little involvement in climate change mitigation. Among females, those without tertiary degree and those with annual income €≥16801 were less involved in climate change mitigation. Our results illustrate to what extent young adults are engaged in climate change mitigation, which factors predict little involvement in mitigation and give insight to which segments of the public could be the audiences of targeted mitigation campaigns.

Voluntary climate change mitigation actions of young adults: a classification of mitigators through latent class analysis.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Essi A E Korkala

Full Text Available Encouraging individuals to take action is important for the overall success of climate change mitigation. Campaigns promoting climate change mitigation could address particular groups of the population on the basis of what kind of mitigation actions the group is already taking. To increase the knowledge of such groups performing similar mitigation actions we conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in Finland. The study population comprised 1623 young adults who returned a self-administered questionnaire (response rate 64%. Our aims were to identify groups of people engaged in similar climate change mitigation actions and to study the gender differences in the grouping. We also determined if socio-demographic characteristics can predict group membership. We performed latent class analysis using 14 mitigation actions as manifest variables. Three classes were identified among men: the Inactive (26%, the Semi-active (63% and the Active (11% and two classes among women: the Semi-active (72% and the Active (28%. The Active among both genders were likely to have mitigated climate change through several actions, such as recycling, using environmentally friendly products, preferring public transport, and conserving energy. The Semi-Active had most probably recycled and preferred public transport because of climate change. The Inactive, a class identified among men only, had very probably done nothing to mitigate climate change. Among males, being single or divorced predicted little involvement in climate change mitigation. Among females, those without tertiary degree and those with annual income €≥16801 were less involved in climate change mitigation. Our results illustrate to what extent young adults are engaged in climate change mitigation, which factors predict little involvement in mitigation and give insight to which segments of the public could be the audiences of targeted mitigation campaigns.

Hydrology and hydraulics of Cypress Creek watershed, Texas during Hurricane Harvey and Impact of Potential Mitigation Measures.

Science.gov (United States)

El Hassan, A.; Fares, A.; Risch, E.

2017-12-01

Rain resulting from Hurricane Harvey stated to spread into Harris County late in August 25 and continued until August 31 2017. This high intensity rainfall caused catastrophic flooding across the Greater Houston Area and south Texas. The objectives of this study are to use the USACE Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis model (GSSHA) to: i) simulate the hydrology and hydraulics of Cypress Creek watershed and quantify the impact of hurricane Harvey on it; and ii) test potential mitigation measures, e.g., construction of a third surface reservoir on the flooding and hydrology of this watershed. Cypress Creek watershed area is 733 km2. Simulations were conducted using precipitation from two sources a) the Multisensory Precipitation Estimator radar products (MPE) and Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system. Streamflow was downloaded from the USGS gauge at the outlet of the watershed. The models performance using both precipitation data was very reasonable. The construction of an 8 m high embankment at the south central part of the watershed resulted in over 22% reduction of the peak flow of the stream and also reduction of the depth of inundation across the east part of the watershed. These and other mitigation scenarios will be further discussed in details during the presentation.

Análisis de mapas causales de impactos del turismo residencial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ANTONIO ALEDO

2010-01-01

El caso de estudio es el municipio de Dénia, situado en el norte de la provincia de Alicante. Los resultados muestran que las causas profundas de los impactos negativos inducidos por el turismo residencial están conectados con el déficit democrático en el proceso de gestión municipal del desarrollo turístico-residencial.

Perspectivas para a pesquisa em contabilidade: o impacto dos derivativos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexsandro Broedel Lopes

2001-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo analisa o impacto dos instrumentos financeiros derivativos para a pesquisa em contabilidade. O impacto dos derivativos é grande independentemente da linha de pesquisa adotada. Dentro do paradigma do mercado de capitais, o papel dos derivativos como antecipadores do comportamento futuro dos preços fornece oportunidades interessantes de investigação, por exemplo. Na linha de pesquisa institucional e social o tratamento contábil de tais instrumentos é visualizado tendo-se por base a busca por poder e legitimização da profissão. As características operacionais dos produtos, ambiente de regulamentação, evolução tecnológica e outros aspectos característicos fazem desses produtos bases promissoras para investigações futuras.This paper investigates the role of derivative financial instruments for the future of financial accounting research. This impact is relevant what all major research paradigms are concerned. In capital market-based research, derivative instruments play a central role in price discovery. From the institutional and social points-of-view, derivatives are components of a greater quest for legitimization and power. Their operational features, regulatory environment, technological advances and other characteristics are turning derivatives into promising research venues.

Social Learning and the Mitigation of Transport CO2 Emissions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maha Al Sabbagh

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Social learning, a key factor in fostering behavioural change and improving decision making, is considered necessary for achieving substantial CO2 emission reductions. However, no empirical evidence exists on how it contributes to mitigation of transport CO2 emissions, or the extent of its influence on decision making. This paper presents evidence addressing these knowledge gaps. Social learning-oriented workshops were conducted to gather the views and preferences of participants from the general public in Bahrain on selected transport CO2 mitigation measures. Social preferences were inputted into a deliberative decision-making model and then compared to a previously prepared participative model. An analysis of the results revealed that social learning could contribute to changes in views, preferences and acceptance regarding mitigation measures, and these changes were statistically significant at an alpha level of 0.1. Thus, while social learning evidently plays an important role in the decision-making process, the impacts of using other participatory techniques should also be explored.

CO{sub 2}-mitigation measures through reduction of fossil fuel burning in power utilities. Which road to go?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaupp, A. [Energetica International Inc., Suva (Fiji)

1996-12-31

Five conditions, at minimum, should be examined in the comparative analysis of CO{sub 2}-mitigation options for the power sector. Under the continuing constraint of scarce financial resources for any private or public investment in the power sector, the following combination of requirements characterise a successful CO{sub 2}-mitigation project: (1) Financial attractiveness for private or public investors. (2) Low, or even negative, long range marginal costs per ton of `CO{sub 2} saved`. (3) High impact on CO{sub 2}-mitigation, which indicates a large market potential for the measure. (4) The number of individual investments required to achieve the impact is relatively small. In other words, logistical difficulties in project implementation are minimised. (5) The projects are `socially fair` and have minimal negative impact on any segment of the society. This paper deals with options to reduce carbonaceous fuel burning in the power sector. Part I explains how projects should be selected and classified. Part II describes the technical options. Since reduction of carbonaceous fuel burning may be achieved through Demand Side Management (DSM) and Supply Side Management (SSM) both are treated. Within the context of this paper SSM does not mean to expand power supply as demand grows. It means to economically generate and distribute power as efficiently as possible. In too many instances DSM has degenerated into efficient lighting programs and utility managed incentives and rebate programs. To what extent this is a desirable situation for utilities in Developing Countries that face totally different problems as their counterparts in highly industrialised countries remains to be seen. Which road to go is the topic of this paper.

Review of mitigation methods for fish passage, instream flows, and water quality

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Railsback, S.F.

1991-01-01

This paper reports on current environmental mitigation practices at nonfederal hydropower projects. Information was obtained from project operators on dissolved oxygen (DO) mitigation, instream flows, upstream fish passage facilities, and downstream fish passage facilities. The most common method for DO mitigation is the use of spill flows, which are costly because of lost power generation. DO concentrations are commonly monitored, but biological effects of DO mitigation are not. At many projects, instream flow requirements have been set without reference to formalized methods. About half of the projects with instream flow requirements monitor flow rates, but few monitor fish populations to verify that instream flows are effective. Angled bar racks are the most commonly used downstream fish passage devices and fish ladders are the most commonly used upstream fish passage devices. Fish passage rates or populations have been monitored to verify the effectiveness of passage mitigation at few projects. This analysis is the first phase of an evaluation of the costs, benefits, and effectiveness of mitigation measures

Impactos del AVE en el turismo de Bocairent

OpenAIRE

Francés Gimeno, Andreu

2016-01-01

En el presente trabajo se va a realizar un análisis de los impactos que ha generado la llegada del AVE en la localidad de Bocairent. Población sin estación pero que supuestamente se encuentra dentro del área de influencia y forma parte de una asociación con fines turísticos que se llama AVE Villena y Levante Interior. Para ello se han analizado tanto las condiciones de la localidad, como la de la estación receptiva de turistas, además, de las organizaciones encargadas para atraer a este tipo ...

Crescimento pró-pobre no Brasil: impactos regionais

OpenAIRE

França, João Mário Santos de

2007-01-01

Esta pesquisa científica foi apresentada como trabalho de conclusão do curso de Doutorado em Economia e reúne três artigos na área de crescimento. O primeiro deles utiliza a metodologia desenvolvida por Kakwani, Khabdker e Son (2004) para analisar a existência de crescimento “pró-pobre” nas regiões brasileiras nos anos de 1995 a 2005. Foram utilizados como suporte medidas de pobreza P(0), P(1) e P(2) e o índice de GINI. Os resultados apontam que tais políticas causaram maior impacto nas regiõ...

Impacto económico del deporte: Tema de interés creciente en la literatura científica

OpenAIRE

Salgado-Barandela, J.; Barajas, A.; Sánchez-Fernández, P.

2017-01-01

El estudio del impacto económico en el deporte como disciplina científica surge para la identificación del beneficio económico de grandes eventos deportivos. Su evolución se ha dirigido a enfoques más amplios, estudiando no sólo el aspecto económico sino también los efectos intangibles, en grandes y pequeños eventos, instalaciones, y franquicias. En el presente estudio se analiza la evolución del tratamiento del impacto económico del deporte en la ciencia mediante un estudio...

Efficiency of mitigation measures to reduce particulate air pollution--a case study during the Olympic Summer Games 2008 in Beijing, China.

Science.gov (United States)

Schleicher, Nina; Norra, Stefan; Chen, Yizhen; Chai, Fahe; Wang, Shulan

2012-06-15

Atmospheric particles were studied before, during, and after the period of the Olympic Summer Games in Beijing, China, in August 2008 in order to investigate the efficiency of the mitigation measures implemented by the Chinese Government. Total suspended particles (TSP) and fine particles (PM(2.5) and PM(1)) were collected continuously from October 2007 to February 2009 and were analyzed in detail with regard to mass and element concentrations, water-soluble ions, and black carbon (BC). Mass as well as element concentrations during the Olympic air quality control period were lower than the respective concentrations during the time directly before and after the Olympic Games. The results showed that the applied aerosol source control measures, such as shutting down industries and reducing traffic, had a huge impact on the reduction of aerosol pollution in Beijing. However, the meteorological conditions, especially rainfall, certainly also contributed to the successful reduction of particulate air pollution. Coarse particles were reduced more efficiently than finer particles, which indicates that long-range transport of atmospheric particles is difficult to control and that presumably the established mitigation area was not large enough. The study further showed that elements from predominantly anthropogenic sources, such as S, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb, as well as BC, were reduced more efficiently during the Olympic Games than elements for which geogenic sources are more significant, such as Al, Fe, Rb or Sr. Furthermore, the mentioned anthropogenic element concentrations were reduced more in the finer PM(2.5) samples whereas geogenic ones were reduced stronger in TSP samples including the coarser fraction. Consequently, it can be assumed that the mitigation measures, as intended, were successful in reducing more toxic and health-relevant particles from anthropogenic sources. Firework displays, especially at the Opening Ceremony, could be identified as a special short

Impacts of offshore oil industry on the marine biota and mitigating measures; Impactos das atividades offshore da industria do petroleo sobre a comunidade biologica marinha e as medidas mitigadoras

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cotta, Patricia S. [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Unidade de Negocio SMS

2004-07-01

The growth of industrialization is generating an increase in environmental change, mainly in the marine environment.The petroleum industry is performing a great search for petroleum fields resulting in a transference from land activity to the sea and to deeper water layers (offshore). The offshore exploration in Brazil corresponds to 80% of the national petroleum production. This increasing production is raising questions about the impacts caused by its activities on aquatic biological communities. The potentially impactant activities of the petroleum industry are oil exploration, drilling and production. To mitigate and to accompany the potential environment impacts of its activities, the petroleum industry is implementing environmental monitoring projects whose guidelines directives are established by the responsible environmental agency. These projects aim at accompanying the effects of the continuos discharge of effluents on the local oceanic ecosystem through environmental characterization before, during and after the production activities, physical and chemical characterizations of sea water, qualitative and quantitative analyses of the biological monitoring, accompaniment of the environmental conditions during all oil rig activity and characterization of produced water, through physical, chemical and eco toxicological assays. (author)

Barriers to Mitigate Carbon Footprint in a Selected Academic Institution in Bacoor City, Cavite, Philippines

Science.gov (United States)

Adanza, Jonathan R.

2016-01-01

Carbon footprint is an environmental menace that needs to be addressed at once. Various mitigating measures were proposed and yet manifestations of its proliferation are very much observable. This study seeks to determine primarily the barriers of non-adherence to identified measures to mitigate carbon footprint in the environment. Using the mixed…

How Effective Is Road Mitigation at Reducing Road-Kill? A Meta-Analysis

OpenAIRE

Rytwinski, Trina; Soanes, Kylie; Jaeger, Jochen A. G.; Fahrig, Lenore; Findlay, C. Scott; Houlahan, Jeff; van der Ree, Rodney; van der Grift, Edgar A

2016-01-01

Road traffic kills hundreds of millions of animals every year, posing a critical threat to the populations of many species. To address this problem there are more than forty types of road mitigation measures available that aim to reduce wildlife mortality on roads (road-kill). For road planners, deciding on what mitigation method to use has been problematic because there is little good information about the relative effectiveness of these measures in reducing road-kill, and the costs of these...

Nanomanufacturing Concerns about Measurements Made in the SEM Part IV: Charging and its Mitigation.

Science.gov (United States)

Postek, Michael T; Vladár, András E

2015-01-01

This is the fourth part of a series of tutorial papers discussing various causes of measurement uncertainty in scanned particle beam instruments, and some of the solutions researched and developed at NIST and other research institutions. Scanned particle beam instruments especially the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have gone through tremendous evolution to become indispensable tools for many and diverse scientific and industrial applications. These improvements have significantly enhanced their performance and made them far easier to operate. But, the ease of operation has also fostered operator complacency. In addition, the user-friendliness has reduced the apparent need for extensive operator training. Unfortunately, this has led to the idea that the SEM is just another expensive "digital camera" or another peripheral device connected to a computer and that all of the problems in obtaining good quality images and data have been solved. Hence, one using these instruments may be lulled into thinking that all of the potential pitfalls have been fully eliminated and believing that, everything one sees on the micrograph is always correct. But, as described in this and the earlier papers, this may not be the case. Care must always be taken when reliable quantitative data are being sought. The first paper in this series discussed some of the issues related to signal generation in the SEM, including instrument calibration, electron beam-sample interactions and the need for physics-based modeling to understand the actual image formation mechanisms to properly interpret SEM images. The second paper has discussed another major issue confronting the microscopist: specimen contamination and methods to eliminate it. The third paper discussed mechanical vibration and stage drift and some useful solutions to mitigate the problems caused by them, and here, in this the fourth contribution, the issues related to specimen "charging" and its mitigation are discussed relative to

Hungry Horse Mitigation Plan; Fisheries Mitigation Plan for Losses Attributable to the Construction and Operation of Hungry Horse Dam, 1990-2003 Technical Report.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fraley, John J.; Marotz, Brian L. (Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Helena, MT); DosSantos, Joseph M. (Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation, Pablo, MT)

2003-04-01

In this document we present fisheries losses, mitigation alternatives, and recommendations to protect, mitigate, and enhance resident fish and aquatic habitat affected by the construction and operation of Hungry Horse Dam. This plan addresses six separate program measures in the 1987 Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Program. We designed the plan to be closely coordinated in terms of dam operations, funding, and activities with the Kerr Mitigation Plan presently before the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. This document represents a mitigation plan for consideration by the Northwest Power Planning Council process; it is not an implementation plan. Flathead Lake is one of the cleanest lakes of its size in the world. The exceptional water quality and unique native fisheries make the Flathead Lake/River system extremely valuable to the economy and quality of life in the basin. The recreational fishery in Flathead Lake has an estimated value of nearly eight million dollars annually. This mitigation process represents our best opportunity to reduce the impacts of hydropower in this valuable aquatic system and increase angling opportunity. We based loss estimates and mitigation alternatives on an extensive data base, agency reports, nationally and internationally peer-reviewed scientific articles, and an innovative biological model for Hungry Horse Reservoir and the Flathead River. We conducted an extensive, 14-month scoping and consultation process with agency representatives, representatives of citizen groups, and the general public. This consultation process helped identify issues, areas of agreement, areas of conflict, and advantages and disadvantages of mitigation alternatives. The results of the scoping and consultation process helped shape our mitigation plan. Our recommended plan is based firmly on principles of adaptive management and recognition of biological uncertainty. After we receive direction from the NPPC, we will add more detailed hypotheses and

Impacto turístico del Festival Iberoamericano de Teatro de Bogotá

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Leguizamón

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo analiza el impacto que ha tenido el Festival Iberoamericano de Teatro de Bogotá (FITB en el comportamiento turístico de esta ciudad particularmente con base las últimas celebraciones de éste y la percepción de los locales con su realización partiendo de reconocer al FITB como un gran evento cultural. Para tal propósito se analizaron estudios previos de impacto social y cultural, complementados con un estudio realizado a una muestra de espectadores y entrevistas a organizadores del festival. Se concluyó que Bogotá, como destino turístico, encuentra en el FITB una importante oportu- nidad de "fidelizar" turistas interesados en las artes escénicas pues la mayoría visitan la ciudad sólo una vez. Esto dependerá del mejoramiento de la calidad que perciben de la ciudad en relación con la oferta de productos y de servicios turísticos, la seguridad, la hospitalidad, las buenas prácticas ambientales, las facilidades de movilidad, la conectividad.

PWR severe accident mitigation measures, the french point of view

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duco, J.; L'Homme, A.; Queniart, D.

1990-01-01

French studies have early considered the fact that, despite all the precautions taken, the possibility of severe accidents cannot be absolutely excluded; these accidents include core meltdown and a more or less significant loss, at an early or later stage, of the confinement of the radioactive substances in the containment. For a given scenario, one can almost always imagine a more severe scenario by postulating additional failures, but it is obvious that, as the severity of the imagined scenario increases, the probability of its occurrence tends towards zero. However, it does not appear reasonable to attempt to set a probability threshold below which the scenarios should be excluded. First of all, the higher the improbability of the scenarios, the greater the uncertainty in the calculation of their probability, with the result that the calculation is not very meaningful. Secondly, and more importantly, this approach ignores the essential problem of accident situation management. From the outset, French studies have been focused on controlling the development of these situations and mitigating their consequences by means of a series of appropriate actions involving, on the one hand, optimum use of the resources available in the installation during the course of the accident and, on the other hand, the taking of protective measures for the population. To attempt to prevent an initial event to degenerate into a severe accident leading to core meltdown if the proper actions are not taken, Electricite de France has proposed a new operating procedure based on the characterization of every possible cooling state of the core

Impacto de la certificación ISO 9001 en clínicas de Cali, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Carlos Osorio Gómez

2015-12-01

Full Text Available El auge de la certificación ISO 9001 ha hecho que no solo las empresas manufactureras, sino también las organizaciones prestadoras de servicios, entren en estos procesos de certificación. Sin embargo, permanece latente la pregunta sobre si efectivamente la organización obtiene un beneficio real por implementar y certificar su sistema de gestión de la calidad según dicha norma. Por eso se ha desarrollado el presente proyecto de investigación, en el que se ha buscado medir el impacto de la certificación ISO 9001 en las clínicas de la ciudad de Cali, en Colombia, enfocándose principalmente en los aspectos de calidad y competitividad de estas compañías. Para ello, se contactaron las clínicas certificadas en la ciudad y, mediante información directa suministrada por las entidades, se logró determinar el grado de impacto alcanzado por estas en los aspectos mencionados. Es importante destacar que todas las clínicas participantes del proceso han obtenido un impacto positivo en sus indicadores a partir de la certificación. Los indicadores definidos y los instrumentos utilizados para este proyecto pueden ser fácilmente ajustados para el mismo propósito en otros sectores y en cualquier tipo de organizaciones.

Modeling, measuring, and mitigating instability growth in liner implosions on Z

Science.gov (United States)

Peterson, Kyle

2015-11-01

Electro-thermal instabilities result from non-uniform heating due to temperature dependence in the conductivity of a material. In this talk, we will discuss the role of electro-thermal instabilities on the dynamics of magnetically accelerated implosion systems. We present simulations that show electro-thermal instabilities form immediately after the surface material of a conductor melts and can act as a significant seed to subsequent magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor (MRT) instability growth. We discuss measurement results from experiments performed on Sandia National Laboratories Z accelerator to investigate signatures of electro-thermal instability growth on well-characterized initially solid aluminum or beryllium rods driven with a 20 MA, 100 ns risetime current pulse. These measurements show good agreement with electro-thermal instability simulations and exhibit larger instability growth than can be explained by MRT theory alone. Recent experiments have confirmed simulation predictions of dramatically reduced instability growth in solid metallic rods when thick dielectric coatings are used to mitigate density perturbations arising from the electro-thermal instability. These results provide further evidence that the inherent surface roughness of the target is not the dominant seed for the MRT instability, in contrast with most inertial confinement fusion approaches. These results suggest a new technique for substantially reducing the integral MRT growth in magnetically driven implosions. Indeed, recent results on the Z facility with 100 km/s Al and Be liner implosions show substantially reduced growth. These new results include axially magnetized, CH-coated beryllium liner radiographs in which the inner liner surface is observed to be remarkably straight and uniform at a radius of about 120 microns (convergence ratio ~20). Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under

Apparatus and Methods for Mitigating Electromagnetic Emissions

Science.gov (United States)

Geng, Steven M. (Inventor); Niedra, Janis M. (Inventor)

2016-01-01

Apparatus, methods, and other embodiments associated with mitigation of magnetic fields are described herein. In an embodiment, a method for mitigating an electromagnetic field includes positioning a mitigating coil around a linear alternator of linear motor so that the mitigating coil is coaxially located with an alternator coil; arranging the mitigating coil to generate a field to mitigate an electromagnetic field generated by the alternator coil; and passing an induced current from the alternator coil through the mitigating coil.

A New Strategy for Mitigating Climate Change

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaya, Y.; Akimoto, K./ Oda, J.

2007-07-01

This paper proposes a new strategy for mitigating climate change, both in short term and in long term. The basic character of the strategy is action oriented with multi-country collaboration, while the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) and Kyoto protocol is numerical target oriented within United Nation Framework. The introductory part of the paper briefly describes deficits of FCCC and Kyoto protocol and the needs of a different strategy for mitigating climate change. Then the short term strategy is focused on energy conservation and its effectiveness for mitigating climate change is illustrated by estimating the potential of reducing CO{sub 2} emission when intense collaboration is achieved for distributing main energy conservation measures in power generation and key industries among Asia Pacific Partnership countries. The long term strategy is developing novel types of renewables among countries. Geoheat and space solar power systems (SSPS) are candidates which may be developed among major developed countries. Necessity of international collaboration is stressed for R and D of these candidate renewables. (auth)

Valoración de impactos ecológicos por minería de oro en río Guabas, Valle del Cauca, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diego Esteban Gamboa García

2015-12-01

Full Text Available La minería de oro es una actividad que se ha desarrollado por siglos en diferentes territorios en el planeta. Sin embargo, la minería ha generado impactos ambientales afectando a la sociedad, debido a que comprometen la cantidad y calidad de los servicios ecosistémicos y en consecuencia, la calidad de vida de la población mundial. Para medir el nivel de afectación sobre los componentes del ambiente, se revisaron los métodos clásicos para Estudios de Impacto Ambiental (EIA para proyectos mineros y se tomó como base la matriz de Leopold desarrollada por el Servicio Geológico del Departamento del Interior de los Estados Unidos, para valorizar los impactos de actividades mineras. En esta investigación se revisaron investigaciones publicadas con las palabras clave “matriz cualitativa” y “minería de oro”, tanto en inglés como en español, desde el año 2000 al 2011, en proyectos mineros realizados en países en vía de desarrollo. Posteriormente, se extrajeron y sistematizaron, las metodologías clásicas y sus variaciones y los componentes ecológicos y actividades del proyecto comunes en los estudios. Las metodologías usadas fueron cualitativas. Adicionalmente, se desarrolló la metodología Valor del Índice Ambiental (VIA para valorizar los impactos ecológicos de la minería de oro en la cuenca del río Guabas, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Se encontró que el impacto promedio de la actividad minera desarrollada en el río Guabas fue considerado severo, a diferencia del impacto global revisado en la literatura, que fue considerado como moderado, en la mayoría de los casos.

Mussels as a tool for mitigation of nutrients in the marine environment

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Petersen, Jens Kjerulf; Hasler, Berit; Timmermann, Karen

2014-01-01

Long-line mussel farming has been proposed as a mitigation tool for removal of excess nutrients in eutrophic coastal waters. A full-scale mussel farm optimized for cost efficient nutrient removal was established in the eutrophic Skive Fjord, Denmark where biological and economic parameters related...... to establishment, maintenance and harvest revealed that mussel production optimized for mitigation can be carried out at a lower cost compared to mussel production for (human) consumption. The costs for nutrient removal was 14.8€kg−1N making mitigation mussel production a cost-efficient measure compared...

A review of risk perceptions and other factors that influence flood mitigation behavior.

Science.gov (United States)

Bubeck, P; Botzen, W J W; Aerts, J C J H

2012-09-01

In flood risk management, a shift can be observed toward more integrated approaches that increasingly address the role of private households in implementing flood damage mitigation measures. This has resulted in a growing number of studies into the supposed positive relationship between individual flood risk perceptions and mitigation behavior. Our literature review shows, however, that, actually, this relationship is hardly observed in empirical studies. Two arguments are provided as an explanation. First, on the basis of protection motivation theory, a theoretical framework is discussed suggesting that individuals' high-risk perceptions need to be accompanied by coping appraisal to result in a protective response. Second, it is pointed out that possible feedback from already-adopted mitigation measures on risk perceptions has hardly been considered by current studies. In addition, we also provide a review of factors that drive precautionary behavior other than risk perceptions. It is found that factors such as coping appraisal are consistently related to mitigation behavior. We conclude, therefore, that the current focus on risk perceptions as a means to explain and promote private flood mitigation behavior is not supported on either theoretical or empirical grounds. © 2012 Society for Risk Analysis.

Aproximación Bibliométrica del Desarrollo e Impacto de la Investigación Internacional en Alfabetización Audiovisual (1960-2011

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafael Repiso

2012-10-01

Full Text Available El estudio de la Alfabetización Audiovisual está en constante auge por su relevancia para formar a los ciudadanos en el uso de los medios y las nuevas tecnologías. El objetivo de esta contribución es el de analizar las revistas de impacto internacionales en los que se publican los resultados de investigación sobre Alfabetización Audiovisual y obtener una visión general del desarrollo e impacto internacional de esta temática científica. Para ello, nos basamos en un análisis bibliométrico y de redes sociales que aportan datos significativos sobre el desarrollo e impacto de la investigación internacional en Alfabetización Audiovisual. Las principales aportaciones de este trabajo permiten conocer a quien desea investigar esta temática los principales focos de producción, los investigadores más visibles, los ejes de producción dentro de la propia especialidad, así como las universidades productivas en las revistas de impacto más significativas al respecto.

Estudios de impacto ambiental en viaductos de gran longitud

OpenAIRE

Moya Matute, David

2009-01-01

El contenido de esta tesina forma parte de un proyecto concedido por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia en el año 2006 y coordinado entre el Departamento de Ingeniería de la Construcción de la UPC y el Departamento de Ingeniería Civil de la UCLM. El objeto de dicho proyecto de investigación es el estudio de la optimización de viaductos de gran longitud desde distintas vertientes, como son: estructural, plazo de ejecución, impacto ambiental, seguridad y salud, costes globales, et...

Impactos del turismo en el medio ambiente de huanchaco

OpenAIRE

Zavaleta Alfaro, María Sixtina

2007-01-01

Se analiza los impactos negativos del turismo sobre el medio ambiente de la Bahía de Huanchaco, previamente se evalúa el flujo de visitantes, la oferta turística en cuanto a recursos naturales, culturales y planta o infraestructura (hoteles, restaurantes, otros). Se incide en al generación de residuos sólidos domésticos, calidad del agua, transporte, deterioro de ecosistema de humedales (calidad ambiental) y se analiza la opinión o percepción del turista a través de una encuesta. Los resulta...

Impacto clínico de un programa de falla cardiaca

OpenAIRE

Saldarriaga, Clara I.; Garcés, José J.; Agudelo, Adriana; Guarín, Luisa F.; Mejía, Juliana

2016-01-01

Introducción: La falla cardiaca es un problema de salud pública, genera grandes costos al sistema de salud por las readmisiones hospitalarias y genera morbimortalidad en los pacientes. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto en la clase funcional, las visitas al servicio de urgencias y las readmisiones hospitalarias en la población de pacientes atendidos en el programa de falla cardiaca de un centro de referencia cardiovascular en Colombia. Metodología: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo y prospecti...

LA EVALUACIÓN DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL Y EL DESARROLLO SUSTENTABLE. ESTUDIO DE CASO SAN PEDRO MIXTEPEC, JUQUILA, OAXACA.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Espinoza-Nájera

2012-01-01

Full Text Available La problemática en materia de impacto ambiental en México está referida a que no se ha realizado una evaluación sobre su efectividad como instrumento de la política ambiental, por lo que es importante conocer si dicho instrumento cumple o coadyuva con los principios básicos del desarrollo sustentable, considerando que debe evolucionar y estar en un proceso de mejora continua. Debe garantizarse, efectivamente, el enfoque preventivo que brinde certeza acerca de la factibilidad ambiental de los diversos proyectos con los cuales se busca promover el desarrollo. En este trabajo se aplicó un sistema de investigación hipotético-deductivo, a través del método empírico descriptivo y correlacional, realizando la recopilación, análisis y evaluación de información existente, principalmente de las manifestaciones de impacto ambiental de proyectos de desarrollo con dictamen técnico, en San Pedro Mixtepec, Juquila, Oaxaca. El resultado demuestra que la información es superficial, y no aporta conocimiento científico sobre los verdaderos impactos que generará el proyecto o actividad al medio ambiente y a los recursos naturales. Se puede concluir que dichos documentos desempeñan un papel preponderante, ya que permiten identificar los impactos ambientales negativos y, al mismo tiempo, armonizar estos efectos aplicando medidas de prevención o mitigación que favorezcan el equilibrio entre el desarrollo y la conservación del ambiente.

Hemodiálise: seu significado e impacto para a vida do idoso Hemodiálisis: su significado e impacto para la vida del anciano Hemodialysis: its meaning and impact in the elderly life

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Calíope Pilger

2010-12-01

Full Text Available O processo de envelhecimento que antes era restrito aos países desenvolvidos está ocorrendo nos países em desenvolvimento e de modo mais rápido. O surgimento de doenças não transmissíveis pode induzir alterações funcionais com maior intensidade, como a doença renal crônica. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender o significado da hemodiálise para o idoso renal-crônico e o impacto dessa modalidade terapêutica em sua vida. Tratou-se de um estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, com entrevista com 22 idosos em tratamento dialítico. Foi utilizado como instrumento um roteiro, contendo perguntas abertas. A análise dos dados foi por meio da análise temática de Bardin. Como resultado, obtemos duas categorias: o significado de ser idoso em tratamento hemodialítico; e o impacto da hemodiálise na vida dos idosos. A pesquisa revelou que a hemodiálise afeta o cotidiano dos idosos, pois causa limitações sociais, envolvendo seu trabalho, hábitos alimentares, culturais, além do impacto na saúde mental.El proceso de envejecimiento que anteriormente se limitaba a los países desarrollados se está produciendo en los países en desarrollo y más rápidamente. La aparición de las enfermedades no transmisibles puede inducir cambios funcionales con mayor intensidad, como la enfermedad renal crónica. El objetivo de este estudio es comprender el significado de la hemodiálisis para los ancianos, la insuficiencia renal crónica y el impacto de esta modalidad de tratamiento en su vida. Este fue un estudio exploratorio, cualitativo mediante entrevistas con 22 ancianos en diálisis. Se utilizó como herramienta de escritura, un guía con preguntas abiertas. El análisis de los datos fue por medio del análisis temático de Bardin. Como resultado, se obtienen dos categorías: el significado de los pacientes ancianos en hemodiálisis, el impacto de la hemodiálisis en pacientes ancianos. La pesquisa reveló que la hemodiálisis afecta el

Public perception of flood risks, flood forecasting and mitigation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Brilly

2005-01-01

Full Text Available A multidisciplinary and integrated approach to the flood mitigation decision making process should provide the best response of society in a flood hazard situation including preparation works and post hazard mitigation. In Slovenia, there is a great lack of data on social aspects and public response to flood mitigation measures and information management. In this paper, two studies of flood perception in the Slovenian town Celje are represented. During its history, Celje was often exposed to floods, the most recent serious floods being in 1990 and in 1998, with a hundred and fifty return period and more than ten year return period, respectively. Two surveys were conducted in 1997 and 2003, with 157 participants from different areas of the town in the first, and 208 in the second study, aiming at finding the general attitude toward the floods. The surveys revealed that floods present a serious threat in the eyes of the inhabitants, and that the perception of threat depends, to a certain degree, on the place of residence. The surveys also highlighted, among the other measures, solidarity and the importance of insurance against floods.

La broca del café en Líbano.Impacto socioproductivo y cultural en los años 90

OpenAIRE

Ramírez, Renzo

2009-01-01

Este texto analiza el impacto de la broca del café Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) en Colombia. Su explicación identifica los rasgos generales de la caficultura en las fases de producción tradicional y tecnificada en el municipio de Líbano, Tolima. Responde a las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cuáles son las prácticas fitosanitarias y las políticas institucionales aplicadas durante la expansión de la plaga en los años noventa? ¿Cuál es el impacto de la broca en términos sociales, productivos y cultural...

Cost-effective and robust mitigation of space debris in low earth orbit

Science.gov (United States)

Walker, R.; Martin, C.

It is predicted that the space debris population in low Earth orbit (LEO) will continue to grow and in an exponential manner in the long-term due to an increasing rate of collisions between large objects, unless internationally-accepted space debris mitigation measures are adopted soon. Such measures are aimed at avoiding the future generation of space debris objects and primarily need to be effective in preventing significant long-term growth in the debris population, even in the potential scenario of an increase in future space activity. It is also important that mitigation measures can limit future debris population levels, and therefore the underlying collision risk to space missions, to the lowest extent possible. However, for their wide acceptance, the cost of implementation associated with mitigation measures needs to be minimised as far as possible. Generally, a lower collision risk will cost more to achieve and vice versa, so it is necessary to strike a balance between cost and risk in order to find a cost-effective set of mitigation measures. In this paper, clear criteria are established in order to assess the cost-effectiveness of space debris mitigation measures. A full cost-risk-benefit trade-off analysis of numerous mitigation scenarios is presented. These scenarios consider explosion prevention and post-mission disposal of space systems, including de-orbiting to limited lifetime orbits and re-orbiting above the LEO region. The ESA DELTA model is used to provide long-term debris environment projections for these scenarios as input to the benefit and risk parts of the trade-off analysis. Manoeuvre requirements for the different post-mission disposal scenarios were also calculated in order to define the cost-related element. A 25-year post-mission lifetime de-orbit policy, combined with explosion prevention and mission-related object limitation, was found to be the most cost-effective solution to the space debris problem in LEO. This package would also

Armazenamento sob atmosfera controlada de tomates com injúria interna de impacto

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Moretti Celso Luiz

2002-01-01

Full Text Available A injúria interna de impacto causa redução significativa da qualidade de frutos de tomate. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização do armazenamento sob atmosfera controlada na redução do desenvolvimento de uma desordem de amadurecimento conhecida como injúria interna de impacto. Tomates (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, cv. Solimar, foram colhidos no estádio de amadurecimento verde-maduro e tratados com etileno, por 12 horas, a 20degreesC. Ao atingirem o estádio verde-rosado, sofreram uma queda de 40 cm de altura sobre uma superfície plana, lisa e maciça. Metade dos frutos foi então armazenada sobre atmosfera controlada (3% O2; 4% CO2; balanço com N2 por 8 dias a 20degreesC e 85-95% de umidade relativa, e então foram transferidos para atmosfera ambiente até completamente maduros. A outra metade dos frutos foi mantida continuamente em atmosfera ambiente à mesma temperatura e umidade relativa. Quando estavam completamente maduros, os frutos que sofreram injúria mecânica, armazenados sob atmosfera controlada e sob atmosfera ambiente, desenvolveram sintomas de injúria interna de impacto no tecido locular. O armazenamento sob atmosfera controlada não produziu efeitos significativos no conteúdo de vitamina C total e carotenóides totais para o pericarpo e o tecido locular injuriados. Entretanto, o tecido locular injuriado do tratamento armazenado sob atmosfera controlada possuía acidez titulável 15% superior (ao redor de 162 meq ácido cítrico. kg-1 do que o tratamento sob atmosfera ambiente (ao redor de 140 meq ácido cítrico. kg-1 e era similar ao tratamento não injuriado, armazenado em atmosfera ambiente (ao redor de 174 meq ácido cítrico. kg-1. O tecido pericárpico da região injuriada possuía atividade da poligalacturonase similar para os tratamentos armazenados sob ar ou sob atmosfera controlada. O extravasamento de eletrólitos do pericarpo injuriado foi similar para os tratamentos sob atmosfera

Design measures for prevention and mitigation of severe accidents at advanced water cooled reactors. Proceedings of a technical committee meeting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1998-06-01

Over 8500 reactor-years of operating experience have been accumulated with the current nuclear energy systems. New generations of nuclear power plants are being developed, building upon this background of experience. During the last decade, requirements for equipment specifically intended to minimize releases of radioactive material to the environment in the event of a core melt accident have been introduced, and designs for new plants include measures for preventing and mitigating a range of severe accident scenarios. The IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Impact of Severe Accidents on Plant Design and Layout of Advanced Water Cooled Reactors was jointly organized by the Department of Nuclear Energy and the Department of Nuclear Safety to review measures which are being incorporated into advanced water cooled reactor designs for preventing and mitigating severe accidents, the status of experimental and analytical investigations of severe accident phenomena and challenges which support design decisions and accident management procedures, and to understand the impact of explicitly addressing severe accidents on the cost of nuclear power plants. This publication is intended to provide an objective source of information on this topic. It includes 14 papers presented at the Technical Committee meeting held in Vienna between 21-25 October 1996. It also includes a Summary and Findings of the Working Groups. The papers were grouped in three sections. A separate abstract was prepared for each paper

Modelling farm vulnerability to flooding: A step toward vulnerability mitigation policies appraisal

Science.gov (United States)

Brémond, P.; Abrami, G.; Blanc, C.; Grelot, F.

2009-04-01

Recent catastrophic flood events such as Elbe in 2002 or Rhône in 2003 have shown limits of flood management policies relying on dykes protection: worsening of flood impacts downstream, increased damage by dykes rupture. Those events, among others, contributes to radical changes on the philosophy of flood prevention, with the promotion of new orientations for mitigating flood exposition. Two new trends may have a significant impact on rural areas: floodplain restoration and vulnerability mitigation. The Rhône River program, which is an contract of objectives signed between French Government and local collectivites, is highly illustrative of these new trends and their impact on agricultural sector. In this program, it appears that areas to be concerned by floodplain restoration are agricultural ones, because their supposed vulnerability to flood is expected to be less important to urban areas. As a consequence, agricultural sector is particularly concerned by planned actions on mitigation of assets vulnerability, an important part of the program (financial support of European Union of 7.5 Million euros). Mitigation of agricultural assets vulnerability reveals particularly interesting for two following reasons. Firstly, it is a way to maintain agricultural activities in floodplains yet existing, without promoting flood protection. Secondly, in case of floodplain restoration, vulnerability mitigation is a way for local authorities to compensate over-flooding impacts. In practice, local authorities may financially support farmers for implementing measures to mitigate their farm vulnerability. On the Rhône River, an important work has already been done to identify farm vulnerability to flooding, and propose measures to mitigate it. More than 3 000 farms exposed to flood risk have been identified representing 88 690 ha of agricultural areas which is estimated to generate damage between 400 and 800 Million euros depending on the season of occurrence for a catastrophic

IMPACTOS MICROCLIMÁTICOS DO DESENHO URBANO: ESTUDOS REALIZADOS EM CURITIBA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo KRUGER

2011-04-01

Full Text Available O artigo busca compreender as relações entre atributos da geometria urbana e alterações no microclima. São apresentados dois estudos distintos conduzidos na mesma área central de Curitiba, PR, a partir de medições de campo realizadas em 2009 e de simulações de clima urbano no software ENVI-met. Os estudos, embora utilizem a mesma campanha de coleta de dados, possuem objetivos e metodologias diferentes. O primeiro estudo foca no impacto da geometria urbana, na temperatura ambiente e nos níveis de conforto em ruas de pedestre no período diurno, sendo o fator de visão do céu utilizado como indicador da complexa geometria urbana. O segundo estudo trata do impacto da orientação das vias em relação ao vento dominante, quanto às taxas de ventilação resultantes (velocidade do ar e distribuição espacial, visando à dispersão de poluentes gerados pelo tráfego, no contexto urbano. Os resultados auferidos evidenciam a influência da forma urbana para a determinação do conforto térmico em ruas de pedestres, restringindo-se a um período diurno específico, e para a criação de cenários de poluição.

A Internet e seus impactos sobre o fazer jornalístico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aurelio José da Silva

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Este artigo se propõe a analisar alguns pontos da teoria da notícia buscando evidenciar se critérios adotados, até então, pelos profissionais do jornalismo, mantêm-se os mesmos ou se, no ambiente Web, sob a influência das novas práticas digitais e o impacto das redes sociais, tais valores estariam sendo alterados em sua estrutura basilar.

The early impact of therapeutic alliance in brief psychodynamic psychotherapy O impacto inicial da aliança terapêutica em psicoterapia psicodinâmica breve

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Alvaro Marques Marcolino

2003-06-01

Full Text Available INTRODCTION: Therapeutic alliance is a key component of the psychotherapeutic process. This study estimated the impact of the therapeutic alliance as measured by CALPAS-P in an individual brief psychodynamic psychotherapy program. METHODS: To study the impact of the therapeutic alliance patients in psychotherapy answered to the CALPAS-P at the first and third session and to the Self-report Questionnaire (SRQ-20, to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI and to the Hamilton Anxiety Scale at the beginning and at the end of psychotherapy. RESULTS: The study of the impact of the therapeutic alliance in brief psychodynamic psychotherapy showed that higher TUI scores in the first session were significantly associated to the improvement on the BDI. Patients with best scores in the working alliance, measured at the third PWC session had also significant symptomatic changes. DISCUSSION: The study of the impact of the therapeutic alliance in brief psychotherapy indicated that patients who perceived that their therapists had the best capability to understand and to be involved in their issues had best results in reducing depressive symptoms and patients with higher capability to form the working alliance reached the best psychotherapy outcomes.INTRODUÇÃO: A aliança terapêutica é um conceito central do processo psicoterápico. Este estudo avaliou o impacto da aliança terapêutica em um programa de psicoterapia individual psicodinâmica breve. MÉTODO: Para o estudo do impacto da aliança, pacientes em psicoterapia responderam, ao início e ao final de cada psicoterapia, ao Questionário de auto-avaliação (SRQ-20, ao Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI e à Escala de Ansiedade de Hamilton. Responderam também a CALPAS-P ao término da primeira e da terceira sessão. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que os pacientes com uma pontuação mais alta da TUI na primeira sessão tiveram um impacto significativo sobre a mudança da sintomatologia medida

Libby Mitigation Program, 2007 Annual Progress Report: Mitigation for the Construction and Operation of Libby Dam.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dunnigan, James; DeShazer, J.; Garrow, L.

2009-05-26

and fish habitat in basin streams and lakes. 'Mitigation for the Construction and Operation of Libby Dam' is part of the Northwest Power and Conservation Council's (NPCC) resident fish and wildlife program. The program was mandated by the Northwest Planning Act of 1980, and is responsible for mitigating damages to fish and wildlife caused by hydroelectric development in the Columbia River Basin. The objective of Phase I of the project (1983 through 1987) was to maintain or enhance the Libby Reservoir fishery by quantifying seasonal water levels and developing ecologically sound operational guidelines. The objective of Phase II of the project (1988 through 1996) was to determine the biological effects of reservoir operations combined with biotic changes associated with an aging reservoir. The objectives of Phase III of the project (1996 through present) are to implement habitat enhancement measures to mitigate for dam effects, to provide data for implementation of operational strategies that benefit resident fish, monitor reservoir and river conditions, and monitor mitigation projects for effectiveness. This project completes urgent and high priority mitigation actions as directed by the Kootenai Subbasin Plan.

The German contribution to the global forest policy. Analysis and evaluation of the engagement for biodiversity conservation and mitigation measures climatic change

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Busch, Anika

2013-01-01

The booklet on the German contribution to the global forest policy covers with analysis and evaluation of the engagement for biodiversity conservation and mitigation measures climatic change. The analysis is based on expert interviews; the theoretical background is the conception on society by Niklas Lehmann. The evaluation includes the issues of allocation of public goods, the improvement of public participation, and improvement of financing resources.

An integrated approach to risk assessment and mitigating the CBRN threat

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bokan, S.

2009-01-01

CBRN mass casualty events threat mitigation remains today the highest international priority. Although significant progress has been made, the national security requirements for efforts to combat Weapons of Mass Destruction and Weapons of Mass Disruption will be of the highest national priority in the near future. An integration of a number of approaches is essential in the risk assessment and mitigating the CBRN treat. Preparedness measures and procedures, engineering, science and technology, policy, medical, and emergency response are essential to reduce the threat from the proliferation and use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Improved coordination between international, public and private security entities is also essential task to hopefully prevent the terrorist attacks. In this lecture, it will be presented very important scientific approach to risk assessment of potential use of nuclear, radiological, biological or chemical weapons in terrorist actions. An integrated approach for mitigating the CBRN threat, crisis management and preparedness measures for prevention and reduction of potential consequences, will be presented.(author)

Destructive Interactions Between Mitigation Strategies and the Causes of Unexpected Failures in Natural Hazard Mitigation Systems

Science.gov (United States)

Day, S. J.; Fearnley, C. J.

2013-12-01

Large investments in the mitigation of natural hazards, using a variety of technology-based mitigation strategies, have proven to be surprisingly ineffective in some recent natural disasters. These failures reveal a need for a systematic classification of mitigation strategies; an understanding of the scientific uncertainties that affect the effectiveness of such strategies; and an understanding of how the different types of strategy within an overall mitigation system interact destructively to reduce the effectiveness of the overall mitigation system. We classify mitigation strategies into permanent, responsive and anticipatory. Permanent mitigation strategies such as flood and tsunami defenses or land use restrictions, are both costly and 'brittle': when they malfunction they can increase mortality. Such strategies critically depend on the accuracy of the estimates of expected hazard intensity in the hazard assessments that underpin their design. Responsive mitigation strategies such as tsunami and lahar warning systems rely on capacities to detect and quantify the hazard source events and to transmit warnings fast enough to enable at risk populations to decide and act effectively. Self-warning and voluntary evacuation is also usually a responsive mitigation strategy. Uncertainty in the nature and magnitude of the detected hazard source event is often the key scientific obstacle to responsive mitigation; public understanding of both the hazard and the warnings, to enable decision making, can also be a critical obstacle. Anticipatory mitigation strategies use interpretation of precursors to hazard source events and are used widely in mitigation of volcanic hazards. Their critical limitations are due to uncertainties in time, space and magnitude relationships between precursors and hazard events. Examples of destructive interaction between different mitigation strategies are provided by the Tohoku 2011 earthquake and tsunami; recent earthquakes that have impacted

Ventajas, inconvenientes e impactos territoriales del comercio electrónico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Moliní Fernández

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza las ventajas e inconvenientes de Internet para las empresas y reflexiona sobre sus implicaciones territoriales. Se comentan algunos casos particularmente relevantes de tiendas de comercio electrónico, se desarrollan los principales elementos positivos que representa Internet, se señalan los aspectos negativos, se hace una reflexión sobre el modelo de empresa más competitivo y se comenta el impacto geográfico de las empresas que venden en la Web

Impactos ambientais decorrentes do lixão da cidade de Humaitá, Amazonas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Benone Otávio Souza de Oliveira

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Atualmente a problemática relacionada aos resíduos sólidos vem ganhando destaque no tocante à necessidade de gerenciamento integrado e aos impactos ambientais e os problemas de saúde pública. Nesse sentido torna-se necessário a implementação de medidas de gestão para a extinção de lixões à céu aberto. Com base nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar os impactos ambientais causados pela prática inadequada de disposição de resíduos sólidos a céu aberto da cidade de Humaitá-AM. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se na realização de visitas de campo e aplicação do método de avaliação de impactos ambientais conhecido por “Índice de Impacto” e o índice da qualidade de aterros de resíduos (IQAR que permite avaliar as condições gerais da destinação final de resíduos sólidos urbanos, classificando os sistemas em condições adequadas, controladas e inadequadas. O lixão encontra-se em funcionamento inadequado, sem atender as regras de proteção ao meio ambiente, ocasionando assim inúmeros impactos ambientais, tais como: aumento dos processos erosivos do solo, compactação do solo, poluição do ar, poluição dos recursos hídricos, proliferação de micro e macrovetores, redução da biota do solo, stress da fauna local, poluição visual, contaminação dos catadores, entre outros. O valor do IQAR foi de 1,53, mostrando que as condições da área são inadequadas. Desta forma, é evidente a ação negativa do lixão devido à falta de manejo adequado, disposição final e políticas públicas voltadas ao gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos gerados na cidade. Environmental impacts of landfill of the city of Humaitá, AmazonasAbstract: Currently the problems related to solid waste has been gaining attention on the need for integrated management and environmental impacts and public health problems. In this sense it is necessary to implement management measures for putting out garbage dumps in the open air. Within

El impacto de las redes sociales en la función consumo

OpenAIRE

Jiménez Nieto, Sara; Jiménez Ruiz, Cristian Camilo

2013-01-01

El trabajo evalúa el impacto de las redes sociales en el volumen de ventas en el mercado de consumo masivo directo B2C (Business to consumer), medido a través de la manera en que las redes sociales afectan las preferencias del consumidor y por esta vía su función de consumo en la población

Restoration as mitigation: analysis of stream mitigation for coal mining impacts in southern Appalachia.

Science.gov (United States)

Palmer, Margaret A; Hondula, Kelly L

2014-09-16

Compensatory mitigation is commonly used to replace aquatic natural resources being lost or degraded but little is known about the success of stream mitigation. This article presents a synthesis of information about 434 stream mitigation projects from 117 permits for surface mining in Appalachia. Data from annual monitoring reports indicate that the ratio of lengths of stream impacted to lengths of stream mitigation projects were <1 for many projects, and most mitigation was implemented on perennial streams while most impacts were to ephemeral and intermittent streams. Regulatory requirements for assessing project outcome were minimal; visual assessments were the most common and 97% of the projects reported suboptimal or marginal habitat even after 5 years of monitoring. Less than a third of the projects provided biotic or chemical data; most of these were impaired with biotic indices below state standards and stream conductivity exceeding federal water quality criteria. Levels of selenium known to impair aquatic life were reported in 7 of the 11 projects that provided Se data. Overall, the data show that mitigation efforts being implemented in southern Appalachia for coal mining are not meeting the objectives of the Clean Water Act to replace lost or degraded streams ecosystems and their functions.

Albeni Falls wildlife mitigation project: annual report of mitigation activities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Terra-Burns, Mary

2002-01-01

The Albeni Falls Interagency Work Group was actively engaged in implementing wildlife mitigation activities in 2001. The Work Group met quarterly to discuss management and budget issues affecting the Albeni Falls Wildlife Mitigation Program. Work Group members protected 851 acres of wetland habitat in 2001. Wildlife habitat protected to date for the Albeni Falls project is approximately 5,248.31 acres (∼4,037.48 Habitat Units). Approximately 14% of the total wildlife habitat lost has been mitigated. Administrative activities increased as funding was more evenly distributed among Work Group members and protection opportunities became more time consuming. In 2001, Work Group members focused on development and implementation of the monitoring and evaluation program as well as completion of site-specific management plans. With the implementation of the monitoring and evaluation program, and as management plans are reviewed and executed, on the ground management activities are expected to increase in 2002

49 CFR 192.935 - What additional preventive and mitigative measures must an operator take?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Gas Transmission Pipeline Integrity Management § 192.935 What additional preventive and mitigative...

Neural circuits in the brain that are activated when mitigating criminal sentences.

Science.gov (United States)

Yamada, Makiko; Camerer, Colin F; Fujie, Saori; Kato, Motoichiro; Matsuda, Tetsuya; Takano, Harumasa; Ito, Hiroshi; Suhara, Tetsuya; Takahashi, Hidehiko

2012-03-27

In sentencing guilty defendants, jurors and judges weigh 'mitigating circumstances', which create sympathy for a defendant. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure neural activity in ordinary citizens who are potential jurors, as they decide on mitigation of punishment for murder. We found that sympathy activated regions associated with mentalising and moral conflict (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, precuneus and temporo-parietal junction). Sentencing also activated precuneus and anterior cingulate cortex, suggesting that mitigation is based on negative affective responses to murder, sympathy for mitigating circumstances and cognitive control to choose numerical punishments. Individual differences on the inclination to mitigate, the sentence reduction per unit of judged sympathy, correlated with activity in the right middle insula, an area known to represent interoception of visceral states. These results could help the legal system understand how potential jurors actually decide, and contribute to growing knowledge about whether emotion and cognition are integrated sensibly in difficult judgments.

IMPACTO DAS TECNOLOGIAS DE INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO NO INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE CIÊNCIAS DA EDUCAÇÃO DO HUAMBO, ANGOLA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Baptista Machado Sousa

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo, se descreve o impacto das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC em Angola de forma geral e particularmente no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Educação do Huambo. Aborda-se os diferentes conceitos de TIC, o impacto das TIC na sociedade angolana e ao finalizar o mesmo impacto em uma das Escolas Superiores de Formação de Professores, donde se descrevem os avanços alcançados nos últimos cinco anos.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: TIC; Impacto das TIC; ISCED; Huambo.IMPACT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AT THE HIGHER EDUCATION SCIENCE INSTITUTE OF HUAMBO, ANGOLAABSTRACTIn this article, we describe the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT in Angola in general and particularly in the Superior Institute of Sciences of Huambo Education. It covers up different concepts of ICT, the impact of ICT in Angolan society and end the same impact in one of the Schools of Teacher Education, where describing the progress made in the last five years.KEYWORDS: ICT; ICT Impact; ISCED; Huambo.

La Gran Guerra y sus impactos locales. Rosario, Argentina 1914-1920

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Cecilia M. Pascual

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Este artículo aborda el impacto de la Gran Guerra en la ciudad de Rosario, Argentina. Releva sus impactos económicos y los significados que se les asignaron. Analiza las formas en que los actores sociales intentaron hacer frente a los efectos críticos del conflicto mundial: encarecimiento de los productos primarios, desabastecimiento y desocupación. En este campo resultan importantes la producción de ferias francas, la construcción de mercados municipales y el abasto directo de productos primarios por parte del municipio. Ante la dimensión y duración del paro, las autoridades comenzaron a tejer nuevas estrategias para intervenir sobre este fenómeno. Se observa una transición de unas estrategias gubernamentales basadas en la represión y la segregación a otras emparentadas con la asistencia y la ayuda social. Si bien estas nuevas herramientas de intervención no tendieron a perdurar y manifestaron su carácter coyuntural y paliativo, una vez superada la crisis, hacia mediados de los años 1920, organizaron el debate sobre la producción de nuevas políticas municipales y del reformismo local.

Radon mitigation in schools

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leovic, K.W.; Craig, A.B.; Saum, D.W.

1990-01-01

This article reports on radon mitigation in school buildings. Subslab depressurization (SSD) has been the most successful and widely used radon reduction method in houses. Thus far, it has also substantially reduced radon levels in a number of schools. Schools often have interior footings or thickened slabs that may create barriers for subslab air flow if a SSD system is the mitigation option. Review of foundation plans and subslab air flow testing will help to determine the presence and effect of such barriers. HVAC systems in schools vary considerable and tend to have a greater influence on pressure differentials (and consequently radon levels) than do heating and air-conditioning systems encountered in the radon mitigation of houses. As part of any radon mitigation method, ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 should be consulted to determine if the installed HVAC system is designed and operated to achieve minimum ventilation standards for indoor air quality

Mitigating amphibian chytridiomycosis in nature

Science.gov (United States)

Garner, Trenton W. J.; Schmidt, Benedikt R.; Martel, An; Pasmans, Frank; Muths, Erin L.; Cunningham, Andrew A.; Weldon, Che; Fisher, Matthew C.; Bosch, Jaime

2016-01-01

Amphibians across the planet face the threat of population decline and extirpation caused by the disease chytridiomycosis. Despite consensus that the fungal pathogens responsible for the disease are conservation issues, strategies to mitigate their impacts in the natural world are, at best, nascent. Reducing risk associated with the movement of amphibians, non-amphibian vectors and other sources of infection remains the first line of defence and a primary objective when mitigating the threat of disease in wildlife. Amphibian-associated chytridiomycete fungi and chytridiomycosis are already widespread, though, and we therefore focus on discussing options for mitigating the threats once disease emergence has occurred in wild amphibian populations. All strategies have shortcomings that need to be overcome before implementation, including stronger efforts towards understanding and addressing ethical and legal considerations. Even if these issues can be dealt with, all currently available approaches, or those under discussion, are unlikely to yield the desired conservation outcome of disease mitigation. The decision process for establishing mitigation strategies requires integrated thinking that assesses disease mitigation options critically and embeds them within more comprehensive strategies for the conservation of amphibian populations, communities and ecosystems.

Mitigation for one & all: An integrated framework for mitigation of development impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tallis, Heather, E-mail: htallis@tnc.org [The Nature Conservancy, 415 Alta Vista Dr., Santa Cruz, CA 95060 (United States); Kennedy, Christina M., E-mail: ckennedy@tnc.org [The Nature Conservancy, 117 East Mountain Ave., Ft. Collins, CO 80524 (United States); Ruckelshaus, Mary [The Natural Capital Project, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 (United States); Goldstein, Joshua; Kiesecker, Joseph M. [The Nature Conservancy, 117 East Mountain Ave., Ft. Collins, CO 80524 (United States)

2015-11-15

Emerging development policies and lending standards call for consideration of ecosystem services when mitigating impacts from development, yet little guidance exists to inform this process. Here we propose a comprehensive framework for advancing both biodiversity and ecosystem service mitigation. We have clarified a means for choosing representative ecosystem service targets alongside biodiversity targets, identified servicesheds as a useful spatial unit for assessing ecosystem service avoidance, impact, and offset options, and discuss methods for consistent calculation of biodiversity and ecosystem service mitigation ratios. We emphasize the need to move away from area- and habitat-based assessment methods for both biodiversity and ecosystem services towards functional assessments at landscape or seascape scales. Such comprehensive assessments more accurately reflect cumulative impacts and variation in environmental quality, social needs and value preferences. The integrated framework builds on the experience of biodiversity mitigation while addressing the unique opportunities and challenges presented by ecosystem service mitigation. These advances contribute to growing potential for economic development planning and execution that will minimize impacts on nature and maximize human wellbeing. - Highlights: • This is the first framework for biodiversity and ecosystem service mitigation. • Functional, landscape scale assessments are ideal for avoidance and offsets. • Servicesheds define the appropriate spatial extent for ecosystem service mitigation. • Mitigation ratios should be calculated consistently and based on standard factors. • Our framework meets the needs of integrated mitigation assessment requirements.

Mitigation for one & all: An integrated framework for mitigation of development impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tallis, Heather; Kennedy, Christina M.; Ruckelshaus, Mary; Goldstein, Joshua; Kiesecker, Joseph M.

2015-01-01

Emerging development policies and lending standards call for consideration of ecosystem services when mitigating impacts from development, yet little guidance exists to inform this process. Here we propose a comprehensive framework for advancing both biodiversity and ecosystem service mitigation. We have clarified a means for choosing representative ecosystem service targets alongside biodiversity targets, identified servicesheds as a useful spatial unit for assessing ecosystem service avoidance, impact, and offset options, and discuss methods for consistent calculation of biodiversity and ecosystem service mitigation ratios. We emphasize the need to move away from area- and habitat-based assessment methods for both biodiversity and ecosystem services towards functional assessments at landscape or seascape scales. Such comprehensive assessments more accurately reflect cumulative impacts and variation in environmental quality, social needs and value preferences. The integrated framework builds on the experience of biodiversity mitigation while addressing the unique opportunities and challenges presented by ecosystem service mitigation. These advances contribute to growing potential for economic development planning and execution that will minimize impacts on nature and maximize human wellbeing. - Highlights: • This is the first framework for biodiversity and ecosystem service mitigation. • Functional, landscape scale assessments are ideal for avoidance and offsets. • Servicesheds define the appropriate spatial extent for ecosystem service mitigation. • Mitigation ratios should be calculated consistently and based on standard factors. • Our framework meets the needs of integrated mitigation assessment requirements

Impacto del cigarrillo en el tracto gastrointestinal: Efecto diferencial en Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa

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Loni Berkowitz Fiebich

2017-03-01

Full Text Available El impacto del consumo de cigarrillo a nivel respiratorio y cardiovascular ha sido extensamente investigado, sin embargo, aún queda mucho por estudiar sobre su impacto en el tracto gastrointestinal. Está demostrado que el tabaquismo es un importante factor de riesgo para desórdenes gastrointestinales, incluyendo úlceras pépticas, Enfermedad de Crohn y distintos tipos de cáncer. Los mecanismos propuestos incluyen daños a nivel de la mucosa, alteraciones en la irrigación del tejido y cambios en la respuesta inmune. Paradojalmente, el consumo de cigarrillo constituye un factor protector para el desarrollo y la progresión de la Colitis Ulcerosa. Esta patología, junto a la Enfermedad de Crohn, conforman las dos entidades más importantes dentro de las Enfermedades Inflamatorias Intestinales y comparten diversas características. El impacto diferencial del consumo de cigarrillo entre ambas ha sido un tema de gran interés en los últimos treinta años, y aún no ha logrado ser esclarecido. En esta revisión describiremos los efectos conocidos del tabaquismo sobre el tracto gastrointestinal, y particularmente en la inflamación intestinal, profundizando en los estudios disponibles que intentan explicar el efecto opuesto del cigarrillo en la Enfermedad de Crohn y la Colitis Ulcerosa

PROCESSO DE INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO E O IMPACTO NAS FINANÇAS DA EMPRESA: O CASO LUSAMAR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucia de Fátima Lúcio Gomes da Costa

2011-05-01

Full Text Available O desenvolvimento de competências empresariais são as bases necessárias ao planejamento estratégico de uma organização. Segundo Porter (1989 a eficiência operacional não é condição suficiente para o bom desempenho estratégico, mas é necessária. Nesse sentido o presente artigo vida apresentar uma análise sobre o impacto financeiro de uma empresa a partir do processo de internacionalização. Para tanto foi realizado um estudo de caso com empresa do segmento de pescado sob a perspectiva da ampliação da sua capacidade produtivo focalizando o critério de margem de contribuição para avaliação da viabilidade do processo de internacionalização da empresa e os respectivos impactos nas finanças da empresa. Constatou-se que a referida empresa, por meio do plano de internacionalização pode adentrar no mercado internacional. Essa ferramenta de estudo da realidade financeira da empresa, permite a compreensão do contexto organizacional projetado de forma que se analisem os impactos causados por essa mudança. Nessas condições, a empresa pode observar o grau de viabilidade da ação na busca de identificar o acesso reduzindo significativamente as possibilidades de fracasso

External Cooling of the BWR Mark I and II Drywell Head as a Potential Accident Mitigation Measure - Scoping Assessment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Robb, Kevin R.

2017-01-01

This report documents a scoping assessment of a potential accident mitigation action applicable to the US fleet of boiling water reactors with Mark I and II containments. The mitigation action is to externally flood the primary containment vessel drywell head using portable pumps or other means. A scoping assessment of the potential benefits of this mitigation action was conducted focusing on the ability to (1) passively remove heat from containment, (2) prevent or delay leakage through the drywell head seal (due to high temperatures and/or pressure), and (3) scrub radionuclide releases if the drywell head seal leaks.

Global assessment of technological innovation for climate change adaptation and mitigation in developing world.

Science.gov (United States)

Adenle, Ademola A; Azadi, Hossein; Arbiol, Joseph

2015-09-15

Concerns about mitigating and adapting to climate change resulted in renewing the incentive for agricultural research investments and developing further innovation priorities around the world particularly in developing countries. In the near future, development of new agricultural measures and proper diffusion of technologies will greatly influence the ability of farmers in adaptation and mitigation to climate change. Using bibliometric approaches through output of academic journal publications and patent-based data, we assess the impact of research and development (R&D) for new and existing technologies within the context of climate change mitigation and adaptation. We show that many developing countries invest limited resources for R&D in relevant technologies that have great potential for mitigation and adaption in agricultural production. We also discuss constraints including weak infrastructure, limited research capacity, lack of credit facilities and technology transfer that may hinder the application of innovation in tackling the challenges of climate change. A range of policy measures is also suggested to overcome identified constraints and to ensure that potentials of innovation for climate change mitigation and adaptation are realized. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

EL IMPACTO DEL TURISMO EN LA LENGUA DE BARBARIE (DELTA DEL RÍO SENEGAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elhadji-Oumar Toure

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Ndiébène Gandiol, un municipio situado en el delta del río Senegal, tiene como principal atractivo turístico el Parque Nacional de la Lengua de Barbarie. Este espacio es actualmente un destino ecoturístico incipiente, pero el impacto de la actividad turística ya es evidente, tanto sobre el medio ambiente como sobre la sociedad y la economía local. El artículo analiza el impacto del turismo sobre este pequeño y frágil territorio, con un bajo nivel de desarrollo y un elevado déficit de equipamientos e infraestructuras. El análisis se realiza a partir de entrevistas a los agentes del territorio, así como de encuestas de percepción entre la población local. Finalmente, se proponen acciones para favorecer una gestión sostenible del turismo en la zona.

Constructed wetlands targeting nitrogen removal in agricultural drainage discharge – a subcatchment scale mitigation strategy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kjærgaard, Charlotte; Hoffmann, Carl Christian; Bruun, Jacob Druedahl

analysis of variable mitigation strategies and cost-efficiency analysis reveals that even at low to moderate yearly N removal efficiencies (20-25% N removal efficiency) CWs targeting drainage water are highly efficient and cost-efficient measures. Thus, although challenges remain regarding site......-specific documentations, CWs targeting drainage discharge has been included as new mitigation strategy in the Danish environmental regulation....... of recipients, drainage water nutrient loads have a major impact on water quality, and end-of-pipe drainage filter solution may offer the benefits of a targeted measure. This calls for a paradigm shift towards the development of new, cost-efficient technologies to mitigate site-specific nutrient losses...

O impacto da genética na asma infantil

OpenAIRE

Pinto,Leonardo A.; Stein,Renato T.; Kabesch,Michael

2008-01-01

OBJETIVO: Apresentar os resultados dos estudos mais importantes e recentes sobre a genética da asma. Estes dados devem auxiliar os clínicos gerais a compreender o impacto da genética sobre este distúrbio complexo e como os genes e polimorfismos influenciam a asma e a atopia. FONTES DOS DADOS: Os dados foram coletados do banco de dados MEDLINE. Os estudos de associação genética foram selecionados do Genetic Association Database, um repositório de estudos de associação genética de doenças e dis...

U.S. Postal Service radon assessment and mitigation program. Progress report, September 1993--November 1994

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Velazquez, L.E.; Petty, J.L. Jr.

1994-12-31

In 1992, the US Postal Service (USPS) entered into an Interagency Agreement with the Department of Energy (DOE) whereby DOE would provide technical assistance in support of the USPS Radon Assessment and Mitigation Program. To aid in this effort, DOE tasked the Hazardous Waste Remedial Actions Program (HAZWRAP), which is managed by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., for DOE under contract AC05-84OR21400. Since that time, HAZWRAP has developed and finalized the sampling protocol, mitigation diagnostic protocol, and the quality assurance and quality control procedures. These procedures were validated during the Protocol Validation (1992-1993) and Pilot Study (1993-1994) phases of the program. To date, HAZWRAP has performed approximately 16,000 radon measurements in 250 USPS buildings. Mitigation diagnostics have been performed in 27 buildings. Thus far, 13% of the measurements have been above the Environmental Protection Agency action level of 4 pCi/L. This report summarizes the pilot program radon testing data and mitigation diagnostic data for 22 sites and contains recommendations for mitigation diagnostics.

U.S. Postal Service radon assessment and mitigation program. Progress report, September 1993--November 1994

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Velazquez, L.E.; Petty, J.L. Jr.

1994-01-01

In 1992, the US Postal Service (USPS) entered into an Interagency Agreement with the Department of Energy (DOE) whereby DOE would provide technical assistance in support of the USPS Radon Assessment and Mitigation Program. To aid in this effort, DOE tasked the Hazardous Waste Remedial Actions Program (HAZWRAP), which is managed by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., for DOE under contract AC05-84OR21400. Since that time, HAZWRAP has developed and finalized the sampling protocol, mitigation diagnostic protocol, and the quality assurance and quality control procedures. These procedures were validated during the Protocol Validation (1992-1993) and Pilot Study (1993-1994) phases of the program. To date, HAZWRAP has performed approximately 16,000 radon measurements in 250 USPS buildings. Mitigation diagnostics have been performed in 27 buildings. Thus far, 13% of the measurements have been above the Environmental Protection Agency action level of 4 pCi/L. This report summarizes the pilot program radon testing data and mitigation diagnostic data for 22 sites and contains recommendations for mitigation diagnostics

Impacto de las inversiones en TI en la eficiencia de los bancos argentinos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ángel Agustín Argañaraz

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Las tecnologías de información (TI constituyen en la actualidad una herramienta fundamental para el logro de ventajas competitivas en un contexto sumamente cambiante. Resulta relevante conocer el impacto de su utilización sobre el desempeño de las organizaciones, en particular en sectores como el bancario, que realizan un uso intensivo de información. En el presente trabajo se desarrolla un modelo que posibilita evaluar el impacto de las inversiones en TI sobre la eficiencia de las entidades bancarias. Se utilizó la técnica Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA como herramienta de medición de la eficiencia de acuerdo al modelo elaborado sobre la información obtenida de los estados contables de entidades bancarias de la República Argentina. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que los bancos alcanzaron un buen nivel de eficiencia global. Se encontró que los más eficientes son las sucursales de entidades financieras del exterior y los bancos locales de capital extranjero.

GHG mitigation of agricultural peatlands requires coherent policies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Regina, Kristina; Budiman, Arif; Greve, Mogens Humlekrog

2016-01-01

As soon as peat soil is drained for agricultural production, the peat starts to degrade, which causes emissions to the atmosphere. In countries with large peatland areas, the GHG mitigation potential related to management of these soils is often estimated as the highest amongst the measures...

44 CFR 201.4 - Standard State Mitigation Plans.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... resources to reducing the effects of natural hazards. (b) Planning process. An effective planning process is... location of all natural hazards that can affect the State, including information on previous occurrences of... updating the plan. (ii) A system for monitoring implementation of mitigation measures and project closeouts...

Mitigating the surface urban heat island: Mechanism study and sensitivity analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Meng, Chunlei

2017-08-01

In a surface urban heat island (SUHI), the urban land surface temperature (LST) is usually higher than the temperature of the surrounding rural areas due to human activities and surface characteristics. Because a SUHI has many adverse impacts on urban environment and human health, SUHI mitigation strategies are very important. This paper investigates the mechanism of a SUHI based on the basic physical laws that control the formation of a SUHI; five mitigation strategies are proposed, namely: sprinkling and watering; paving a pervious surface; reducing the anthropogenic heat (AH) release; using a "white roof"; increasing the fractional vegetation cover or leaf area index (LAI). To quantify the effect of these mitigation strategies, 26 sets of experiments are designed and implemented by running the integrated urban land model (IUM). The results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that sprinkling and watering is an effective measure for mitigating a SUHI for an entire day. Decreasing the AH release is also useful for both night- and daytime SUHI mitigation; however, the cooling extent is proportional to the diurnal cycle of AH. Increasing the albedo can reduce the LST in the daytime, especially when the solar radiation is significant; the cooling extent is approximately proportional to the diurnal cycle of the net radiation. Increasing the pervious surface percentage can mitigate the SUHI especially in the daytime. Increasing the fractional vegetation cover can mitigate the SUHI in the daytime but may aggravate the SUHI at night.

Model-based mitigation of availability risks

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Zambon, E.; Bolzoni, D.; Etalle, S.; Salvato, M.

2007-01-01

The assessment and mitigation of risks related to the availability of the IT infrastructure is becoming increasingly important in modern organizations. Unfortunately, present standards for risk assessment and mitigation show limitations when evaluating and mitigating availability risks. This is due

Model-Based Mitigation of Availability Risks

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Zambon, Emmanuele; Bolzoni, D.; Etalle, Sandro; Salvato, Marco

2007-01-01

The assessment and mitigation of risks related to the availability of the IT infrastructure is becoming increasingly important in modern organizations. Unfortunately, present standards for Risk Assessment and Mitigation show limitations when evaluating and mitigating availability risks. This is due

Integrated disruption avoidance and mitigation in KSTAR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Jayhyun; Woo, M.H.; Han, H.; In, Y.; Bak, J.G.; Eidietis, N.W.

2014-01-01

The final target of Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) aims advanced tokamak operation at plasma current 2 MA and toroidal field 3.5 T. In order to safely achieve the target, disruption counter-measures are unavoidable when considering the disruption risks, inevitably accompanied with high performance discharges, such as electro-magnetic load on conducting structures, collisional damage by run-away electrons, and thermal load on plasma facing components (PFCs). In this reason, the establishment of integrated disruption mitigation system (DMS) has been started for routine mega-ampere class operations of KSTAR since 2013 campaign. The DMS mainly consists of the disruption prediction and its avoidance/mitigation in company with logical/technical integration of them. We present the details of KSTAR DMS and the related experimental results in this article. (author)

Mitigation of methane emission from an old unlined landfill in Klintholm, Denmark using a passive biocover system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Scheutz, Charlotte; Pedersen, Rasmus Broe; Petersen, Per Haugsted; Jørgensen, Jørgen Henrik Bjerre; Ucendo, Inmaculada Maria Buendia; Mønster, Jacob G.; Samuelsson, Jerker; Kjeldsen, Peter

2014-01-01

Highlights: • An innovative biocover system was constructed on a landfill cell to mitigate the methane emission. • The biocover system had a mitigation efficiently of typically 80%. • The system also worked efficiently at ambient temperatures below freezing. • A whole landfill emission measurement tool was required to document the biocover system efficiency. - Abstract: Methane generated at landfills contributes to global warming and can be mitigated by biocover systems relying on microbial methane oxidation. As part of a closure plan for an old unlined landfill without any gas management measures, an innovative biocover system was established. The system was designed based on a conceptual model of the gas emission patterns established through an initial baseline study. The study included construction of gas collection trenches along the slopes of the landfill where the majority of the methane emissions occurred. Local compost materials were tested as to their usefulness as bioactive methane oxidizing material and a suitable compost mixture was selected. Whole site methane emission quantifications based on combined tracer release and downwind measurements in combination with several local experimental activities (gas composition within biocover layers, flux chamber based emission measurements and logging of compost temperatures) proved that the biocover system had an average mitigation efficiency of approximately 80%. The study showed that the system also had a high efficiency during winter periods with temperatures below freezing. An economic analysis indicated that the mitigation costs of the biocover system were competitive to other existing greenhouse gas mitigation options

Mitigation of methane emission from an old unlined landfill in Klintholm, Denmark using a passive biocover system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scheutz, Charlotte; Pedersen, Rasmus Broe [Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby (Denmark); Petersen, Per Haugsted [Ramboll Denmark A/S, DK-5100 Odense C (Denmark); Jørgensen, Jørgen Henrik Bjerre [Klintholm I/S, DK-5874 Hasselager (Denmark); Ucendo, Inmaculada Maria Buendia; Mønster, Jacob G. [Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby (Denmark); Samuelsson, Jerker [FluxSense AB/Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg (Sweden); Kjeldsen, Peter, E-mail: pekj@env.dtu.dk [Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby (Denmark)

2014-07-15

Highlights: • An innovative biocover system was constructed on a landfill cell to mitigate the methane emission. • The biocover system had a mitigation efficiently of typically 80%. • The system also worked efficiently at ambient temperatures below freezing. • A whole landfill emission measurement tool was required to document the biocover system efficiency. - Abstract: Methane generated at landfills contributes to global warming and can be mitigated by biocover systems relying on microbial methane oxidation. As part of a closure plan for an old unlined landfill without any gas management measures, an innovative biocover system was established. The system was designed based on a conceptual model of the gas emission patterns established through an initial baseline study. The study included construction of gas collection trenches along the slopes of the landfill where the majority of the methane emissions occurred. Local compost materials were tested as to their usefulness as bioactive methane oxidizing material and a suitable compost mixture was selected. Whole site methane emission quantifications based on combined tracer release and downwind measurements in combination with several local experimental activities (gas composition within biocover layers, flux chamber based emission measurements and logging of compost temperatures) proved that the biocover system had an average mitigation efficiency of approximately 80%. The study showed that the system also had a high efficiency during winter periods with temperatures below freezing. An economic analysis indicated that the mitigation costs of the biocover system were competitive to other existing greenhouse gas mitigation options.

Insider Threat Mitigation Workshop Instructional Materials

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gibbs, Philip [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Larsen, Robert [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); O' Brien, Mike [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Rodriquez, Jose [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

2008-01-01

Insiders represent a formidable threat to nuclear facilities. This set of workshop materials covers methodologies to analyze and approaches to mitigate the threat of an insider attempting abrupt theft of nuclear materials. This report is a compilation of workshop materials consisting of lectures on technical and administrative measures used in Physical Protection (PP) and Material Control and Accounting (MC&A) and methods for analyzing their effectiveness against a postulated insider threat.

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE TECHNOLOGIES FOR ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM CONVENTIONAL SOURCES AND MEASURES TO MITIGATE THE PRODUCED IMPACTS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

PAUL CALANTER

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The electricity sector represents the sector with the greatest impact in terms of producing climate change, mainly due to the greenhouse gas emissions generated through the burning of fossil fuels. It is not however the only negative aspect associated to the classic technologies of electricity production. This paper aims to assess the economic and environmental aspects associated to the technologies for the electricity production from conventional sources and as a conclusion of the research it will also propose certain specific measures designed to mitigate their impacts. Therefore, the analysis will focus on economic issues, such as limited resources of fuels and the significant fluctuation in fuel prices, low energy efficiency, environmental protection expenditures and health issues as a result of the pollution generated by the electricity production and environmental aspects related primarily to the burning of fossil fuels, but also to extraction, transport and storage, aspects concerning the management of waste generated by the energy sector or to the risks associated with the process of producing electricity. In the final part of the paper a few measures will be proposed to mitigate the impact on the environment and economic development of such technologies, as well as increasing energy efficiency, promoting renewable sources of energy, carbon dioxide capture and storage, limiting deforestation, afforestation or the prevention of accidents in the energy sector.

Impactos das práticas familiares sobre a proficiência em Língua Portuguesa e Matemática no Ensino Fundamental

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Daniel Abud Seabra Matos

Full Text Available Resumo O objetivo do estudo aqui relatado é investigar o impacto de recursos e práticas familiares no desempenho escolar de alunos dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Selecionaram-se 299 alunos que participaram do GERES 2005, aos quais se aplicou um questionário com 145 questões. Empregaram-se métodos quantitativos: modelagem de equações estruturais. Dentre os principais resultados, destaca-se que os fatores capital cultural objetivado, capital informacional, práticas de escrita e interação pais e filhos foram impactados pelo nível socioeconômico; as práticas de escrita foram a variável de maior impacto no desempenho em português; e o capital informacional, o fator de maior impacto em matemática. Ocorreu vantagem significativa das escolas privadas no que se refere à proficiência dos alunos; e a matemática se mostrou mais diretamente dependente do tipo de escola

Mitigation of structureborne noise nuisance

Science.gov (United States)

Ko, Wing P.

2005-09-01

This paper presents a noise complaint case which was solved by me a few years ago in Hong Kong. A newlywed couple in the residential unit complained to the Government that the noise emitted from the pump room directly beneath their unit was very annoying, especially in the night-time period. The owner of the building was then required by the Government to mitigate the noise to the night-time statutory noise requirement within 30 days, otherwise he would be prosecuted. Ideally, the structureborne noise from the pump room could be effectively mitigated by installation of floating slab and vibration isolators under the pumps. Also, the water tanks and water pipes were required to be isolated from the walls and floor. However, this work was impossible to be completed within 30 days to stop the prosecution. Water supply to the above residents would be seriously interrupted during the construction period. As the only noise parameter of the statutory requirement was 30 minute A-weighted Leq, the most effective and practical way in this exigent situation was to reduce the pump operation time within any 30 minute period to decrease the Leq values. In addition, the water pipes and pumps were also required to be isolated from the walls and floor with resilient materials to break the vibration channels. These noise mitigation measures were successfully applied to the pump room before the end of the 30 days. Finally, the noise levels inside the complainant's unit were found to meet the statutory requirement. The noise complaint case was then closed by the Government.

Impacto de la violencia en la sexualidad de la mujer

OpenAIRE

Liñán Urbano, Laura; Díaz Ortega, María del Mar; Zúñiga Estévez, Lucia

2015-01-01

Cartel presentado en la Segunda Conferencia Internacional de Comunicación en Salud, celebrada el 23 de octubre de 2015 en la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Introducción: El maltrato es un problema social que frecuentemente se ha relacionado con un importante impacto en la sexualidad de la mujer a corto y largo plazo. Objetivo: Determinar cómo influye en nivel de autoestima sobre la función sexual en mujeres maltratadas de las provincias de Almería, Málaga y Sevilla. Metodología: ...

Real-Time RFI Mitigation in Pulsar Observations

Science.gov (United States)

Ramey, Emily; Joslyn, Nick; Prestage, Richard; Whitehead, Mark; Lam, Michael Timothy; Blattner, Tim; Hawkins, Luke; Viou, Cedric; Masson, Jessica

2018-01-01

As the use of wireless technology has increased around the world, Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) has become more and more of a problem for radio astronomers. Preventative measures exist to limit the presence of RFI, and programs exist to remove it from saved data, but the routine use of algorithms to detect and remove RFI as an observation is occurring is much less common. Such a method would be incredibly useful for observations in which the data must undergo several rounds of processing before being saved, as in pulsar timing studies. Strategies for real-time mitigation have been discussed and tested with simulated data (Buch et al., 2016), but ideally the results of any approach would be validated by a detailed comparison of the final data products - for pulsar timing, the variance in the pulse times of arrival (TOAs) - with and without mitigation applied. The goal of this project is to develop an RFI mitigation approach based on the previously suggested strategies and test this program on actual data from the observation of pulsar J1713+0747. We use a Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) filter to identify interference in the observation and replace the compromised data with random Gaussian noise to match a characteristic radio signal from space. In order to verify our results, we analyze the pulsar’s TOAs obtained both from the mitigated data and from the unmitigated data processed through offline RFI removal software. Comparing the two, our preliminary findings indicate that our program is able to improve the quality of timing results from the observation.

L-Reactor Habitat Mitigation Study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1988-02-01

The L-Reactor Fish and Wildlife Resource Mitigation Study was conducted to quantify the effects on habitat of the L-Reactor restart and to identify the appropriate mitigation for these impacts. The completed project evaluated in this study includes construction of a 1000 acre reactor cooling reservoir formed by damming Steel Creek. Habitat impacts identified include a loss of approximately 3,700 average annual habitat units. This report presents a mitigation plan, Plan A, to offset these habitat losses. Plan A will offset losses for all species studied, except whitetailed deer. The South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department strongly recommends creation of a game management area to provide realistic mitigation for loss of deer habitats. 10 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs

Análisis del impacto de los valores personales en la elección del Tratamiento Sustitutivo Renal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Isabel Aguilera Flórez

Full Text Available Resumen Una de las actividades que se realizan en el proceso educativo con herramientas de ayuda a la toma de decisión (HATD es ayudarles a explorar sus valores mediante las "tarjetas de valores". El objetivo del estudio fue, conocer los valores de las personas con Enfermedad Renal Crónica en la elección de modalidad de Tratamiento Sustitutivo Renal y analizar si existía relación entre los mensajes de las tarjetas y la modalidad de tratamiento. Estudio retrospectivo. Se incluyeron 281 pacientes que pasaron por el proceso de educación con HATD entre los años 2011-2016. Los datos se obtuvieron de los registros de enfermería de la historia clínica. Se estudiaron variables demográficas, tarjetas de valores y elección de tratamiento. La muestra fue de 281 pacientes. Las 3 tarjetas que obtuvieron un mayor porcentaje de elección fueron, Personal sanitario responsable del tratamiento (14,20%, Ser independiente (13,65%, Impacto para la familia (13,30%; según la modalidad de tratamiento elegida, HD: Impacto para la familia (15,94%, Personal sanitario responsable del tratamiento (15,58%, Ser independiente (13,04%. DP: Ser independiente (18,95%, Personal sanitario responsable del tratamiento (15,26%, Impacto para la familia (14,21%. Tratamiento médico conservador: Ser independiente (25,2%, Autonomía e Impacto para la familia (12,5%. Trasplante de donante vivo: Personal sanitario responsable tratamiento (30%, Ser independiente (30%, Autonomía (10%. Podemos concluir que la mayoría de los mensajes de las tarjetas, parecen estar en concordancia con la modalidad elegida. No hay valores propios de una modalidad de tratamiento sustitutivo renal sino personas con diferentes valores que marcan la toma de decisión.

Evaluation of mitigation scenarios of climate change in the electric sector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Perez Martin, David; Lopez Lopez, I.

1999-01-01

The electricity generation contributes to development and to improve the quality of life, But it is ones of the most important contributors to the Greenhouse Gas and particle emissions particularly in Cuba where 99.4% of electricity in the National Electric System is generated from fossil fuels. In the paper from mitigation measures three mitigation scenarios are evaluated for the Expansion of the Cuban electric system using DECADES Tools. Evaluated scenarios include the Use of 60% of the biomass potential, the combinations of this with nuclear power reactors, Hydraulic energy and combined cycle power plants. Finally in the paper the Greenhouse Gas level reduction, investment, fuel, operation and Maintenance costs and Carbon Intensity in generation are analyzed for evaluated mitigation Scenarios and conclusions are offered

Slope Stability Analysis and Mitigation Measures in the Area of the Sighişoara Medieval Citadel

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

George-Cătălin Silvaş

2014-07-01

Full Text Available The Sighişoara Medieval Citadel has a very big importance to the cultural, architectural and historical heritage of Romania. The citadel is situated on the Fortress Hill and it is the only inhabited fortress in Romania. But underneath the beauty of the Citadel lies some problems that only the inhabitants and the authorities know. These problems consist in the presence of the slope instability phenomenon. Throughout the years the slopes of the Fortress Hill, because of a series of factors, became instable. Thus landslides occurred that affected the Citadel fortress walls. There are still some areas of the walls that have never been reconstructed yet. So a slope stability analysis shall show if the slope instability phenomenon is still active and the mitigation measures recommended will stop the activity of this phenomenon.

44 CFR 78.5 - Flood Mitigation Plan development.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Flood Mitigation Plan..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY INSURANCE AND HAZARD MITIGATION National Flood Insurance Program FLOOD MITIGATION ASSISTANCE § 78.5 Flood Mitigation Plan development. A Flood Mitigation Plan will articulate a...

Problemas de la evaluación de impacto ambiental en relación al planteamiento territorial y urbanístico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ángel Paniagua Mazorra

1993-01-01

Full Text Available Se analiza la necesaria relación entre Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental y planeamiento territorial y urbanístico. Para ello se evalúan la política comunitaria y la de los estados miembros de la CEE con mayor tradición en la materia, detallando como la ampliación de la Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental puede dirigirse hacia diversos sectores de la actividad económica, así como a planes de ocupación y apropiación del suelo. Por último, se indica la trasposición de la directiva comunitaria de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental a la legislación española y las dificultades que ha presentado su aplicación hasta el presente momento.In this article the relationship betwen the Environment Impact Evaluation and the land and urban planning is studied. Thus, the European Community and the country members environmental policy is analyzed. Finally, the Environmental Impact Evaluation legislation in the EC with that Spanish is compared.

Cryogenic Filters for RFI Mitigation in Radioastronomy

OpenAIRE

Tuccari, G.; Caddemi, A.; Barbarino, S.; Nicotra, G.; Consoli, F.; Schilliro, F.; Catalfamo, F.

2005-01-01

RFI mitigation in Radioastronomy can be achieved adopting cryogenic filters in appropriate typologies. A study has been conducted in L, C and X band with the evaluation of the filter architecture in copper, with theoretical estimation, computer simulations, prototypes realization, laboratory measurements. Such work has been preliminary to the realization of HTS samples with the purpose of a similar complete characterization approach.

IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS ANTRÓPICOS COMO MODIFICADORES DA ESTRUTURA E FUNCIONALIDADE DE FLORESTAS ESTACIONAIS SEMIDECIDUAIS NO TRIÂNGULO MINEIRO, BRASIL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sérgio de Faria Lopes

2013-10-01

Full Text Available O crescente processo de fragmentação das florestas estacionais semideciduais tem exigido o desenvolvimento de metodologias que possibilitem obter informações ecológicas em um curto período para os remanescentes naturais. A partir de uma adaptação da matriz de interação de Leopold, este estudo buscou avaliar a influência dos impactos antrópicos em dez fragmentos de florestas estacionais semideciduais localizados no Triângulo Mineiro. Foram utilizados levantamentos fitossociológicos prévios da comunidade arbórea. Foram avaliadas a intensidade, frequência e espacialidade dos seguintes impactos: lixo urbano, trilhas, acessibilidade, estradas internas, presença de gado e corte seletivo de madeira. Análises de regressão testaram a influência da matriz de impacto nos parâmetros ecológicos de riqueza, densidade, área basal, classes diamétricas e grupos sucessionais dos fragmentos. A matriz de impactos conseguiu classificar os fragmentos quanto à perturbação antrópica e esteve correlacionada com alguns parâmetros ecológicos destes fragmentos. Nos fragmentos mais perturbados foi observada a redução de indivíduos das últimas classes de diâmetro e das espécies secundárias tardias, além do aumento significativo de espécies pioneiras. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a influência da perturbação na estrutura e funcionalidade das florestas estudadas e, que esta metodologia pode ser eficiente para obter informação sobre o estado de conservação dos remanescentes vegetais da região.

Space Debris & its Mitigation

Science.gov (United States)

Kaushal, Sourabh; Arora, Nishant

2012-07-01

Space debris has become a growing concern in recent years, since collisions at orbital velocities can be highly damaging to functioning satellites and can also produce even more space debris in the process. Some spacecraft, like the International Space Station, are now armored to deal with this hazard but armor and mitigation measures can be prohibitively costly when trying to protect satellites or human spaceflight vehicles like the shuttle. This paper describes the current orbital debris environment, outline its main sources, and identify mitigation measures to reduce orbital debris growth by controlling these sources. We studied the literature on the topic Space Debris. We have proposed some methods to solve this problem of space debris. We have also highlighted the shortcomings of already proposed methods by space experts and we have proposed some modification in those methods. Some of them can be very effective in the process of mitigation of space debris, but some of them need some modification. Recently proposed methods by space experts are maneuver, shielding of space elevator with the foil, vaporizing or redirecting of space debris back to earth with the help of laser, use of aerogel as a protective layer, construction of large junkyards around international space station, use of electrodynamics tether & the latest method proposed is the use of nano satellites in the clearing of the space debris. Limitations of the already proposed methods are as follows: - Maneuvering can't be the final solution to our problem as it is the act of self-defence. - Shielding can't be done on the parts like solar panels and optical devices. - Vaporizing or redirecting of space debris can affect the human life on earth if it is not done in proper manner. - Aerogel has a threshold limit up to which it can bear (resist) the impact of collision. - Large junkyards can be effective only for large sized debris. In this paper we propose: A. The Use of Nano Tubes by creating a mesh

Gestión de impacto socio-ambiental: hacia una sustentabilidad integral

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Daniel Zavala-Araiza

2017-04-01

Full Text Available La propagación de conflictos socio-ambientales a partir de los megaproyectos y el extractivismo da lugar a la polarización y enfrentamiento entre las partes involucradas, generalmente eclipsando las esferas sociales intangibles y erosionando los derechos humanos a nivel local. En el caso específico de México, cambios legislativos recientes derivados de una reforma energética abrieron la puerta a las Evaluaciones de Impacto Social (“EVIS” como medida de mitigación a este problema.  Si bien esto es un avance relevante, a criterio de los autores el alcance actual de esta figura mantiene un enfoque reduccionista que demerita la búsqueda de una sustentabilidad integral. Partiendo de la premisa que en su momento dio pie al nacimiento del derecho ambiental de interiorizar las externalidades, el presente artículo propone complementar los mecanismos actualmente exigibles en materia social y ambiental con mecanismos robustos que permitan la evaluación y gestión del impacto social de manera transdisciplinaria y transparente, incluyendo por lo menos, factores antropológicos, sociológicos, cuantitativos, jurídicos y de derechos humanos, así como un diálogo-acompañamiento abierto y continuo con las comunidades involucradas, tendiente a generar un estándar crítico que favorezca la gobernanza de las distintas dimensiones del desarrollo.

A FALTA DE SANEAMENTO E O IMPACTO AMBIENTAL EM RIOS URBANOS

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Leandro Souza de Freitas

2017-01-01

Full Text Available O impacto ambiental em rios traz uma preocupação com a falta d’água nos dias atuais. O rio base deste estudo é o rio Pilar localizado na Baixada Fluminense no estado do Rio de Janeiro. É cada vez maior a importância, nos dias atuais, de se buscar o uso racional da água, consciência essa já comumente disseminada no meio empresarial e entre a população, fato evidenciado pela crise hídrica vivida recentemente pela região sudeste (2014-2015. Ainda que rios, lagos e córregos abasteçam regiões inteiras e desempenhem um papel fundamental na vida de todos. A preservação dos cursos d'água no Brasil está longe de ser a ideal, embora disponham de avançado arcabouço legislativo, como por exemplo, a lei nº 9.433, de 1997. A poluição hídrica de maior representatividade em volume e carga é de natureza orgânica, principalmente por estar associada à composição dos esgotos domésticos. Este problema já está contornado em países mais desenvolvidos, mas ainda constitui o principal impacto de qualidade ambiental no Brasil.

Promoting interactions between local climate change mitigation, sustainable energy development, and rural development policies in Lithuania

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Streimikiene, Dalia; Baležentis, Tomas; Kriščiukaitienė, Irena

2012-01-01

Lithuania has developed several important climate change mitigation policy documents however there are no attempts in Lithuania to develop local climate change mitigation policies or to decentralize climate change mitigation policy. Seeking to achieve harmonization and decentralization of climate change mitigation and energy policies in Lithuania the framework for local climate change mitigation strategy need to be developed taking into account requirements, targets and measures set in national climate change mitigation and energy policy documents. The paper will describe how national climate change mitigation and energy policies can be implemented via local energy and climate change mitigation plans. The aim of the paper is to analyze the climate change mitigation policy and its relationship with policies promoting sustainable energy development in Lithuania and to present a framework for local approaches to climate change mitigation in Lithuania, in the context of the existing national and supra-national energy, climate change, and rural development policies. - Highlights: ► The framework for local energy action plans is offered. ► The structural support possibilities are assessed with respect to the Lithuanian legal base. ► The proposals are given for further promotion of sustainable energy at the local level.

Landslide databases to compare regional repair and mitigation strategies of transportation infrastructure

Science.gov (United States)

Wohlers, Annika; Damm, Bodo

2017-04-01

Regional data of the Central German Uplands are extracted from the German landslide database in order to understand the complex interactions between landslide risks and public risk awareness considering transportation infrastructure. Most information within the database is gathered by means of archive studies from inventories of emergency agencies, state, press and web archives, company and department records as well as scientific and (geo)technical literature. The information includes land use practices, repair and mitigation measures with resultant costs of the German road network as well as railroad and waterway networks. It therefore contains valuable information of historical and current landslide impacts, elements at risk and provides an overview of spatiotemporal changes in social exposure and vulnerability to landslide hazards over the last 120 years. On a regional scale the recorded infrastructure damages, and consequential repair or mitigation measures were categorized and classified, according to relevant landslide types, processes and types of infrastructure. In a further step, the data of recent landslides are compared with historical and modern repair and mitigation measures and are correlated with socioeconomic concepts. As a result, it is possible to identify some complex interactions between landslide hazard, risk perception, and damage impact, including time lags and intensity thresholds. The data reveal distinct concepts of repairing respectively mitigating landslides on different types of transportation infrastructure, which are not exclusively linked to higher construction efforts (e.g. embankments on railroads and channels), but changing levels of economic losses and risk perception as well. In addition, a shift from low cost prevention measures such as the removal of loose rock and vegetation, rock blasting, and catch barriers towards expensive mitigation measures such as catch fences, soil anchoring and rock nailing over time can be noticed

Can control of soil erosion mitigate water pollution by sediments?

Science.gov (United States)

Rickson, R J

2014-01-15

The detrimental impact of sediment and associated pollutants on water quality is widely acknowledged, with many watercourses in the UK failing to meet the standard of 'good ecological status'. Catchment sediment budgets show that hill slope erosion processes can be significant sources of waterborne sediment, with rates of erosion likely to increase given predicted future weather patterns. However, linking on-site erosion rates with off-site impacts is complicated because of the limited data on soil erosion rates in the UK and the dynamic nature of the source-pathway-receptor continuum over space and time. Even so, soil erosion control measures are designed to reduce sediment production (source) and mobilisation/transport (pathway) on hill slopes, with consequent mitigation of pollution incidents in watercourses (receptors). The purpose of this paper is to review the scientific evidence of the effectiveness of erosion control measures used in the UK to reduce sediment loads of hill slope origin in watercourses. Although over 73 soil erosion mitigation measures have been identified from the literature, empirical data on erosion control effectiveness are limited. Baseline comparisons for the 18 measures where data do exist reveal erosion control effectiveness is highly variable over time and between study locations. Given the limitations of the evidence base in terms of geographical coverage and duration of monitoring, performance of the different measures cannot be extrapolated to other areas. This uncertainty in effectiveness has implications for implementing erosion/sediment risk reduction policies, where quantified targets are stipulated, as is the case in the EU Freshwater Fish and draft Soil Framework Directives. Also, demonstrating technical effectiveness of erosion control measures alone will not encourage uptake by land managers: quantifying the costs and benefits of adopting erosion mitigation is equally important, but these are uncertain and difficult to

Modelo de identificação e análise de impactos da implantação de ferramentas case.

OpenAIRE

Eduardo Yassuji Kido

2009-01-01

Este trabalho propõe um modelo de identificação e análise de impactos provenientes da adoção de ferramentas CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) interativas baseado no padrão IEEE 1175.2 Práticas Recomendadas para Interconexão de Ferramentas CASE com foco na produtividade e na qualidade do processo de desenvolvimento de software nas organizações. Os impactos são analisados considerando as funções e características da ferramenta CASE e as ações gerenciais necessárias para a adoção da fe...

Efeitos do revenimento realizado a baixa temperatura na resistência ao impacto em aços carbono e ligados temperados

OpenAIRE

Oliveira, Bruno Ozi Silva Rosalin de

2011-01-01

Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo a determinação do comportamento mecânico, mais especificamente a resistência ao impacto, de estruturas martensíticas baseadas em aços ao carbono e ligados. A preocupação principal é a resposta dessas ligas quando revenidas em temperaturas baixas (inferior a 180°C). Foram realizados os tratamentos térmicos de têmpera em água e óleo com o intuito de verificar a severidade do meio através dos ensaios de dureza, impacto, análise micrográfica e fractográfi...

Impacto de la campaña mediática ambiental Titicaca limpio ahora en los funcionarios públicos de Puno

OpenAIRE

Yucra Mamani, Yudi Janeh

2008-01-01

El impacto de la campaña mediática ambiental Titicaca Limpio Ahora en los funcionarios públicos de Puno, es el tema de investigación del presente trabajo. Para describir este impacto se administró una entrevista a fin de identificar los conocimientos, actitudes y acciones de los funcionarios públicos en relación a la campaña mediática ambiental en particular y al tema de la contaminación de la bahía interior del lago Titicaca en general. En el curso de la presente se realizaron entrevistas a ...

Análisis de los impactos ambientales generados por parques eólicos en base al nuevo Decreto-Ley 5/2014

OpenAIRE

Avilés Benítez, Antonio

2016-01-01

ANÁLISIS DE LOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTALES GENERADOS POR PARQUES EÓLICOS EN BASE AL NUEVO DECRETO-LEY 5/2014 Con el nuevo Decreto -ley 5/2014, de 22 de abril, de medidas normativas para reducir las trabas administrativas para las empresas, los parques eólicos se encuentran incluidos en el Anexo III, exigiéndoseles para su instalación tener favorable el trámite de Autorización Ambiental Unificada (AAU). Dicha autorización exige la redacción de un Estudio de Impacto Ambiental que analice y cuanti...

External Cooling of the BWR Mark I and II Drywell Head as a Potential Accident Mitigation Measure – Scoping Assessment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Robb, Kevin R. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

2017-08-01

This report documents a scoping assessment of a potential accident mitigation action applicable to the US fleet of boiling water reactors with Mark I and II containments. The mitigation action is to externally flood the primary containment vessel drywell head using portable pumps or other means. A scoping assessment of the potential benefits of this mitigation action was conducted focusing on the ability to (1) passively remove heat from containment, (2) prevent or delay leakage through the drywell head seal (due to high temperatures and/or pressure), and (3) scrub radionuclide releases if the drywell head seal leaks.

Assessment and mitigation of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) impacts at short-pulse laser facilities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brown, C G Jr; Bond, E; Clancy, T; Dangi, S; Eder, D C; Ferguson, W; Kimbrough, J; Throop, A

2010-01-01

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) will be impacted by electromagnetic pulse (EMP) during normal long-pulse operation, but the largest impacts are expected during short-pulse operation utilizing the Advanced Radiographic Capability (ARC). Without mitigation these impacts could range from data corruption to hardware damage. We describe our EMP measurement systems on Titan and NIF and present some preliminary results and thoughts on mitigation.

Fish passage mitigation of impacts from hydroelectric power projects in the United States

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cada, G.F.

1996-01-01

Obstruction of fish movements by dams continues to be the major environmental issue facing the hydropower industry in the US. Dams block upstream migrations, which can cut off adult fish form their historical spawning grounds and severely curtail reproduction. Conversely, downstream-migrating fish may be entrained into the turbine intake flow and suffer turbine-passage injury or mortality. Hydroelectric projects can interfere with the migrations of a wide variety of fish. Maintenance, restoration or enhancement of populations of these species may require the construction of facilities to allow for upstream and downstream fish passage. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), by law, must give fish and wildlife resources equal consideration with power production in its licensing decisions, must be satisfied that a project is consistent with comprehensive plans for a waterway (including fisheries management plans), and must consider all federal and state resource agency terms and conditions for the protection of fish and wildlife. As a consequence, FERC often requires fish passage mitigation measures as a condition of the hydropower license when such measures are deemed necessary for the protection of fish. Much of the recent research and development efforts of the US Department of Energy's Hydropower Program have focused on the mitigation of impacts to upstream and downstream fish passage. This paper descries three components of that effort: (1) a survey of environmental mitigation measures at hydropower sites across the country; (2) a critical review of the effectiveness of fish passage mitigation measures at 16 case study sites; and (3) ongoing efforts to develop new turbine designs that minimize turbine-passage mortality

Impactos antropogénicos en la calidad del agua del río Cunas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Custodio Villanueva

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Identificar los impactos que generan las actividades antropogénicas en la calidad del agua del río Cunas, en las provincias de Chupaca y Concepción del departamento de Junín en el año 2012. Métodos: Se utilizaron los métodos de observación, descripción y explicación; el tipo de investigación es básica, y el diseño no experimental, longitudinal. Se definieron tres estaciones de muestreo; la estación 1, se localizó en Angasmayo; la 2, en Antacusi; y la 3, en La Perla, Chupaca. Las muestras de agua fueron colectadas en botellas de plástico de dos litros y en frascos de vidrio estériles para determinar la concentración de nitratos y fosfatos, y coliformes termotolerantes, respectivamente. Los parámetros medidos in situ fueron: oxígeno disuelto (mg/l, sólidos totales disueltos (mg/l, conductividad (mS/cm, temperatura (°C, pH y turbidez (FTU. Estas mediciones se realizaron con equipos portátiles. La identificación y valoración cualitativa de impactos se realizó previa identificación de las acciones de las actividades antropogénicas que se desarrollan en el río Cunas. Resultados: Los resultados de la calidad del agua fueron: estación 1 (Angasmayo, calidad media (65,83; estación 2 (Antacusi, calidad media (61,08; y estación 3 (La Perla, calidad media (57,18. Conclusiones: En la estación 1 el impacto fue ligeramente moderado; en la 2, moderado; y en la 3, severo.

O Impacto das Regras do Programa Bolsa Família Sobre a Fecundidade das Beneficiárias

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Antonio Winck Cechin

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho investiga um possível incentivo do Programa Bolsa Família ao aumento da fecundidade de suas beneficiárias em decorrência de suas regras, dado que a quantidade de recursos transferidos depende do número de filhos da família. O diferencial deste estudo reside na análise desse impacto em um maior período de exposição das beneficiárias aos efeitos do PBF. Aplica-se o algoritmo de seleção de covariadas proposto por Imbens (2014 e o método de Propensity Score Matching. Os resultados apontaram que o PBF gera pequeno incentivo à geração do segundo filho, sendo que as regiões Centro-Oeste e Nordeste apresentaram os maiores valores de impacto.

An appraisal of river erosion mitigation in the Niger Delta

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aban, T. K. S.; Omuso, W. O.

1999-01-01

River erosion processes in the Niger Delta and the effectiveness of locally applied remedial measures is appraised, using information on channel geometry, flow velocity distribution, soil type, stratification, bank height and steepness, state of compaction, together with pool level variation in river channels. High flow velocity and bank height were identified as the major erosion causative factors. Local responses towards erosion mitigation have involved structural methods to varying degree of success. River training has been recommended as a long - term regional approach to mitigate river bank erosion. However, in the short -term revetments, concrete and sheets piles may be applied cautiously

From insulation contracting to radon mitigation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

West, D.R.

1990-01-01

As the definition of house doctor has evolved over the past ten years and the field of energy services has grown more sophisticated, many contractors have expanded the services they offer their clients. This paper presents the story of one insulation contractor who has found a niche in radon testing and mitigation. The EPA now has a national program for the radon mitigator called the Radon Contractor Proficiency Program. The requirements include attending the Radon Technology for Mitigators course, passing an exam, and taking continuing education. In the Midwest, the most popular mitigation technique is the subslab depressurization system. To draw suction from under the slab, the system can take advantage of an existing sump crock or can penetrate the slab. Interior drain tiles collect water to empty into the crock, providing an excellent pathway to draw from. This mitigation process is explained

Enviromental impact comparative tool based on life cycle assesment = Herramienta comparativa de impacto ambiental basada en método de análisis de ciclo de vida

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Clara Jiménez Gámez

2017-04-01

El Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV es un método que sirve para cuantificar el impacto ambiental de un producto o servicio durante su ciclo de vida. La herramienta que se presenta pretende, basándose en este método, proporcionar de forma simplificada y visual un informe comparativo de los impactos que generan dos soluciones constructivas de fachadas. Los resultados se nutren de una base de datos formada por datos de Declaraciones Ambientales de Producto, mecanismo de comunicación ambiental que goza actualmente de mayor prestigio debido a la objetividad en el proceso de obtención. La herramienta permite seleccionar distintas configuraciones de fachada mediante la combinación de diferentes capas. Se ha decidido no ponderar los impactos con el fin de la herramienta sea un asistente de decisión, donde el técnico pueda profundizar hasta el impacto específico de cada material para poder identificar los focos graves de impacto y actuar en consecuencia, teniendo siempre como referencia el carácter comparativo del informe. Las herramientas de ACV simplificadas representan un compromiso en la precisión de la evaluación, pero es necesario sean realistas y transparentes respecto a sus límites, que se presentan al final del escrito.

Measuring, Reporting, Verifying. A Primer on MRV for Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lütken, Søren; Aalders, Edwin; Pretlove, Bente

This publication is intended to enable national policy makers and other stakeholders, such as the private sector and technical experts, to acquaint themselves with the concept of NAMA. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) concept...... and enhance the understanding of NAMAs by explaining the underlying decisions of the Conference of the Parties in layman’s terms. The first chapter describes how the concept of NAMA emerged in the context of the negotiations on climate change. The chapter gives an overview of how the concepts of NAMA...

EPA program to demonstrate mitigation measures for indoor radon: initial results

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Henschel, D.B.; Scott, A.G.

1986-01-01

EPA has installed radon mitigation techniques in 18 concrete block basement homes in the Reading Prong region of eastern Pennsylvania. Three alternative active soil ventilation approaches were tested: suction on the void network within the concrete block basement walls; suction on the footing drain tile system; and suction on the aggregate underneath the concrete slab. The initial 18 mitigation installations were designed to demonstrate techniques which would have low to moderate installation and operating costs. Where effective closure of major openings in the block walls is possible, suction on the wall voids has proved to be extremely effective, able to reduce homes having very high radon Working Levels (up to 7 WL) to 0.02 WL and less. However, where inaccessible major openings are concealed within the wall, it is more difficult and/or more expensive to develop adequate suction on the void network, and performance is reduced. Testing is continuing to demonstrate the steps required to achieve high performance with wall suction in homes with such difficult-to close walls. Drain tile suction can be very effective where the drain tiles completely surround the home; drain tile suction is the least expensive and most aesthetic of the active soil ventilation approaches, but appears susceptible to spikes in radon levels when the basement is depressurized. Sub-slab suction as tested in this study - with one or two individual suction points in the slab - does not appear adequate to ensure sustained high levels of reduction on block wall basement homes; it appears to effectively treat slab-related soil gas entry routes so long as a uniform layer of aggregate is present, but it does not appear to effectively treat the wall-related entry routes. Closure of major openings might have improved sub-slab suction performance. 5 figures, 3 tables

Los estudios de impacto ambiental en relación al procedimiento de evaluación. Objetivos, evolución y control de calidad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Glaría, Germán

1996-04-01

Full Text Available According to the authors, there are some problems that arise from the application of the procedure of environmental impact evaluation due to the shortcomings of the environmental impact studies. This article comments on the solutions to this situation, considered in the draft of the preliminary project of the new law of environmental impact. Finally, a questionnaire for the quality control of the impact studies is presented.

Se plantean algunos de los problemas que, ajuicio de los autores, muestra la aplicación del procedimiento de evaluación de impacto ambiental en relación a carencias de los estudios del mismo. Se comentan las soluciones que al respecto contempla el borrador del anteproyecto de la nueva ley de impacto ambiental y, por último, se presenta un cuestionario de comprobación de la calidad de los estudios de impacto.

Insurability and mitigation of flood losses in private households in Germany.

Science.gov (United States)

Thieken, Annegret H; Petrow, Theresia; Kreibich, Heidi; Merz, Bruno

2006-04-01

In Germany, flood insurance is provided by private insurers as a supplement to building or contents insurance. This article presents the results of a survey of insurance companies with regard to eligibility conditions for flood insurance changes after August 2002, when a severe flood caused 1.8 billion euro of insured losses in the Elbe and the Danube catchment areas, and the general role of insurance in flood risk management in Germany. Besides insurance coverage, governmental funding and public donations played an important role in loss compensation after the August 2002 flood. Therefore, this article also analyzes flood loss compensation, risk awareness, and mitigation in insured and uninsured private households. Insured households received loss compensation earlier. They also showed slightly better risk awareness and mitigation strategies. Appropriate incentives should be combined with flood insurance in order to strengthen future private flood loss mitigation. However, there is some evidence that the surveyed insurance companies do little to encourage precautionary measures. To overcome this problem, flood hazards and mitigation strategies should be better communicated to both insurance companies and property owners.

Mitigation of two pyrethroid insecticides in a Mississippi Delta constructed wetland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moore, M.T. [USDA Agricultural Research Service National Sedimentation Laboratory, Water Quality and Ecology Research Unit, PO Box 1157, 598 McElroy Drive, Oxford, MS 38655 (United States)], E-mail: matt.moore@ars.usda.gov; Cooper, C.M.; Smith, S.; Cullum, R.F.; Knight, S.S.; Locke, M.A.; Bennett, E.R. [USDA Agricultural Research Service National Sedimentation Laboratory, Water Quality and Ecology Research Unit, PO Box 1157, 598 McElroy Drive, Oxford, MS 38655 (United States)

2009-01-15

Constructed wetlands are a suggested best management practice to help mitigate agricultural runoff before entering receiving aquatic ecosystems. A constructed wetland system (180 m x 30 m), comprising a sediment retention basin and two treatment cells, was used to determine the fate and transport of simulated runoff containing the pyrethroid insecticides lambda-cyhalothrin and cyfluthrin, as well as suspended sediment. Wetland water, sediment, and plant samples were collected spatially and temporally over 55 d. Results showed 49 and 76% of the study's measured lambda-cyhalothrin and cyfluthrin masses were associated with vegetation, respectively. Based on conservative effects concentrations for invertebrates and regression analyses of maximum observed wetland aqueous concentrations, a wetland length of 215 m x 30 m width would be required to adequately mitigate 1% pesticide runoff from a 14 ha contributing area. Results of this experiment can be used to model future design specifications for constructed wetland mitigation of pyrethroid insecticides. - A wetland length of 215 m x 30 m mitigated pyrethroid runoff from a 14 ha field.

Mitigation of two pyrethroid insecticides in a Mississippi Delta constructed wetland

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moore, M.T.; Cooper, C.M.; Smith, S.; Cullum, R.F.; Knight, S.S.; Locke, M.A.; Bennett, E.R.

2009-01-01

Constructed wetlands are a suggested best management practice to help mitigate agricultural runoff before entering receiving aquatic ecosystems. A constructed wetland system (180 m x 30 m), comprising a sediment retention basin and two treatment cells, was used to determine the fate and transport of simulated runoff containing the pyrethroid insecticides lambda-cyhalothrin and cyfluthrin, as well as suspended sediment. Wetland water, sediment, and plant samples were collected spatially and temporally over 55 d. Results showed 49 and 76% of the study's measured lambda-cyhalothrin and cyfluthrin masses were associated with vegetation, respectively. Based on conservative effects concentrations for invertebrates and regression analyses of maximum observed wetland aqueous concentrations, a wetland length of 215 m x 30 m width would be required to adequately mitigate 1% pesticide runoff from a 14 ha contributing area. Results of this experiment can be used to model future design specifications for constructed wetland mitigation of pyrethroid insecticides. - A wetland length of 215 m x 30 m mitigated pyrethroid runoff from a 14 ha field

Generación del plan de manejo ambiental del Bosque Protector Aguarongo a partir de la evaluación de impacto ambiental

OpenAIRE

Lomas Taipe, Martha Elizabeth

2016-01-01

El documento consiste en la generación de un plan de manejo ambiental del Bosque Protector Aguarongo a partir de la Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental, con la finalidad de identificar los impactos ambientales que se están efectuando dentro del bosque, para el planteamiento de programas y medidas que permitan la protección y conservación de la biodiversidad presente en el Bosque Protector Aguarongo. The document consists of the generation of an environmental management plan Protected Forest Ag...

Clarifying socio-economic impacts and mitigation measures related to potential changes in missions at the Rocky Flats Plant. Final report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1982-06-01

Research conducted to clarify the socioeconomic impacts on the Denver-Boulder area of potential changes in missions at the Rocky Flats Plant and the mitigation measures taken to contain these impacts are described. Two primary alternatives have been examined, including the relocation of certain activities associated with radioactive materials, as well as a total phase out of the plant over the next decade. These perspectives include an assessment of alternative uses for Rocky Flats by both governmental agencies and private sector developers. Major findings address location, employment, public involvement, private enterprises, community attitudes, employee relocation; land use; and environment

Una interpretación del impacto de las maquiladoras en el bienestar familiar y en el desarrollo regional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mario M. Carrillo Huerta

1990-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta una evaluación de los impactos de las maquiladoras en las condiciones de vida de la comunidad. Las apreciaciones referentes al impacto de la maquila en el bienestar familiar se basan en una muestra aplicada a 1,200 trabajadores en 4 ciudades. Los resultados obtenidos parecen indicar que, en términos generales y en relación con algunas variables de bienestar, la situación de los trabajadores ha mejorado como consecuencia de su empleo en la maquiladora. No obstante, existen diferencias entre las variables consideradas, pues mientras los puntajes más altos corresponden a alimentación y vestido, los más bajos se encontraron en vivienda, transporte y servicios de salud.

Mitigation for the Construction and Operation of Libby Dam, 2000 Annual Report.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hoffman, Greg; Marotz, Brian L.; Dunnigan, James (Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Libby, MT)

2002-09-01

''Mitigation for the Construction and Operation of Libby Dam'' is part of the Northwest Power Planning Council's resident fish and wildlife program. The program was mandated by the Northwest Planning Act of 1980, and is responsible for mitigating for damages to fish and wildlife caused by hydroelectric development in the Columbia River Basin. The objective of Phase I of the project (1983 through 1987) was to maintain or enhance the Libby Reservoir fishery by quantifying seasonal water levels and developing ecologically sound operational guidelines. The objective of Phase II of the project (1988 through 1996) was to determine the biological effects of reservoir operations combined with biotic changes associated with an aging reservoir. The objectives of Phase III of the project (1996 through present) are to implement habitat enhancement measures to mitigate for dam effects, to provide data for implementation of operational strategies that benefit resident fish, monitor reservoir and river conditions, and monitor mitigation projects for effectiveness.

Radio Frequency Interference Mitigation

Science.gov (United States)

An, T.; Chen, X.; Mohan, P.; Lao, B. Q.

2017-09-01

The observational facilities of radio astronomy keep constant upgrades and developments to achieve better capabilities including increasing the time of the data recording and frequency resolutions, and increasing the receiving and recording bandwidth. However in contrast, only a limited spectrum resource has been allocated to radio astronomy by the International Telecommunication Union, resulting in that the radio observational instrumentations are inevitably exposed to undesirable radio frequency interference (RFI) signals which originate mainly from the terrestrial human activity and are becoming stronger with time. RFIs degrade the quality of data and even lead to invalid data. The impact of RFIs on scientific outcome becomes more and more serious. In this article, the requirement for RFI mitigation is motivated, and the RFI characteristics, mitigation techniques, and strategies are reviewed. The mitigation strategies adopted at some representative observatories, telescopes, and arrays are also introduced. The advantages and shortcomings of the four classes of RFI mitigation strategies are discussed and presented, applicable at the connected causal stages: preventive, pre-detection, pre-correlation, and post-correlation. The proper identification and flagging of RFI is the key to the reduction of data loss and improvement in data quality, and is also the ultimate goal of developing RFI mitigation technique. This can be achieved through a strategy involving a combination of the discussed techniques in stages. The recent advances in the high speed digital signal processing and high performance computing allow for performing RFI excision of the large data volumes generated from large telescopes or arrays in both real time and offline modes, aiding the proposed strategy.

Fator de impacto: importância e influência no meio editorial, acadêmico e científico Journal impact factor: its editorial, academic and scientific importance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Milton A. Ruiz

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Neste relato os autores apresentam informações sobre os instrumentos bibliométricos e a sua importância na aferição da qualidade dos periódicos científicos, pesquisadores e docentes. Apresentam em particular a história e a implantação do fator de impacto do Institute for Scientific Information, existente desde 1955. São apresentados e discutidos as críticas referentes à inadequação do fator de impacto para avaliação da produção científica, uso indevido e estratégias editoriais de manipulação deste índice bibliométrico.É apresentada a nova classificação Capes para os periódicos, baseada em vários critérios e no Fator de Impacto, em especial, e a sua influência na vida acadêmica e científica nacional. Conclui que, apesar de todos os óbices e discussões, o Fator de Impacto do Institute for Scientific Information ainda é uma ferramenta útil e, isoladamente, a única existente para avaliar os periódicos científicos e a produtividade intelectual.In this report, the authors present information on bibliometric instruments and their importance in measuring the quality of scientific journals and researchers. They present the history and deployment of the impact factor by the Institute for Scientific Information that exists since 1955. Criticism regarding the inadequacy of the impact factor in the evaluation of scientific publications, its misuse and editorial handling strategies of this bibliometric index are presented and discussed. The new Capes classification for journals, based on various criteria and in particular the impact factor, is presented as is its influence on national scientific and academic life. The authors conclude that, despite all obstacles and discussions, the impact factor of the Institute for Scientific Information is still a useful tool and is the only one available to assess, in isolation, scientific and intellectual productivity.

Fator de impacto: importância e influência no meio editorial, acadêmico e científico Journal impact factor: this editorial, academic and scientific influence

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Milton Artur Ruiz

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Neste relato, os autores apresentam informações sobre os instrumentos bibliométricos e a sua importância na aferição da qualidade dos periódicos científicos, pesquisadores e docentes. Apresentam em particular a história e a implantação do fator de impacto do Institute for Scientific Information existente desde 1955. São apresentadas e discutidas as críticas referentes à inadequação do fator de impacto para avaliação da produção científica, uso indevido e estratégias editoriais de manipulação deste índice bibliométrico. É apresentada a nova classificação CAPES para os periódicos, baseada em vários critérios e no Fator de impacto, em especial, e a sua influência na vida acadêmica e científica nacional. Conclui que, apesar de todos os óbices e discussões, o Fator de Impacto do Institute for Scientific Information ainda é uma ferramenta útil e, isoladamente, a única existente para avaliar os periódicos científicos e a produtividade intelectualIn this report the authors present information on the bibliometric instruments and their importance in measuring the quality of scientific journals and researchers. They in particular the history and deployment of the impact factor of the existing Institute for Scientific Information since 1955. Are presented and discussed the criticism regarding the inadequacy of the impact factor for evaluation of scientific production, misuse and strategies editorial handling of the bibliometric index. It is presented to the new classification CAPES for the journals, based on various criteria and the impact factor and its influence on national scientific and academic life. The authors conclude that, despite all obstacles and discussions, the impact factor of the Institute for Scientific Information is still an useful tool and the only isolation available to assess the scientific and intellectual productivity

Evaluación de impacto ambiental de una molienda de clínker y fábrica de cemento, por el método de escenarios comparados

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sobrini, I. M.

2006-12-01

Full Text Available This article discusses an environmental impact assessment conducted on a clinker grinding mill and cement plant under development by Terrafield, S.A., in the municipal district of Villasequilla (Toledo.The comparative scenarios approach was chosen as the most suitable methodology for the identification and evaluation of environmental impact in this study. The reference scenario for the comparison was a cement plant presently in operation at La Parrilla (Valladolid, whose technical characteristics are similar to the characteristics of the proposed facility. The data gathered on noise levels and air pollutant emission and immission were supplemented by direct observation of a number of other parameters. Direct comparison not only renders impact identification and evaluation simpler and more objective, but can be used to establish highly effective preventive and corrective measures to ensure that protected areas and the environmental elements of greatest significance are not impacted in any way whatsoever.Este artículo trata sobre la evaluación de impacto ambiental de una Molienda de Clínker y Fábrica de Cemento en Villasequilla (Toledo, promovido por Terrafield S.A.Se escogió para la identificación y valoración de impactos del estudio de impacto ambiental el método de escenarios comparados, a partir de una instalación de cemento de similares características técnicas a la proyectada, actualmente en funcionamiento en La Parrilla (Valladolid, de la que se obtuvieron datos referentes a niveles sonoros, emisión e inmisión de contaminantes atmosféricos y observaciones directas de otros parámetros.Mediante esta comparaci��n directa, no sólo es más objetiva y sencilla la identificación y valoración de impactos, sino que pueden establecerse medidas preventivas y correctoras de eficacia probada en el escenario de comparación, de forma que no se produzca afección alguna sobre los espacios protegidos y elementos del medio de mayor

Gestão integrada de resíduos : o impacto ambiental

OpenAIRE

Oliveira, Rosário

2004-01-01

Faz-se uma introducão à politica de gestão integrada de resíduos para enquadrar a valorização de resíduos como política desejável para assegurar um desenvolvimento sustentado. Referem-se de seguida metodologias para avaliação do impacto ambiental da utilização de resíduos que possam ser usados como materiais de construção civil e obras públicas, ressalvando-se alguma falta de enquadramento legal.

The theory-practice gap of black carbon mitigation technologies in rural China

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Weishi; Li, Aitong; Xu, Yuan; Liu, Junfeng

2018-02-01

Black carbon mitigation has received increasing attention for its potential contribution to both climate change mitigation and air pollution control. Although different bottom-up models concerned with unit mitigation costs of various technologies allow the assessment of alternative policies for optimized cost-effectiveness, the lack of adequate data often forced many reluctant explicit and implicit assumptions that deviate away from actual situations of rural residential energy consumption in developing countries, where most black carbon emissions occur. To gauge the theory-practice gap in black carbon mitigation - the unit cost differences that lie between what is estimated in the theory and what is practically achieved on the ground - this study conducted an extensive field survey and analysis of nine mitigation technologies in rural China, covering both northern and southern regions with different residential energy consumption patterns. With a special focus on two temporal characteristics of those technologies - lifetimes and annual utilization rates, this study quantitatively measured the unit cost gaps and explain the technical as well as sociopolitical mechanisms behind. Structural and behavioral barriers, which have affected the technologies' performance, are discussed together with policy implications to narrow those gaps.

Detección de impactos con frutos electrónicos

OpenAIRE

Jaren Ceballos, Carmen; Anderson, George; Ruiz-Altisent, Margarita; Muir, Andrew

1992-01-01

Cada vez que los frutos y hortalizas se manipulan, se producen daños y, por tanto, pérdidas de calidad y pérdidas económicas. Los productos Electrónicos Simulados SEP miden y registran las fuerzas que intervienen en estos procesos. Por ello, se pueden utilizare para localizar los puntos que causan daños en las cosechadoras y en las líneas de manipulación. De esta manera, se pueden hacer las modificaciones oportunas para eliminar los daños por impactos en frutas y hortalizas. En este artículo ...

Impacto social de una Tecnociencia: Heberprot-P

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Odalys Escalante Padrón

Full Text Available El desarrollo acelerado de la ciencia y la técnica ha proporcionado nuevos conocimientos, entre ellos los relacionados con la biología molecular y celular y particularmente con el descubrimiento del factor de crecimiento epidérmico y su capacidad para estimular la formación de tejido de granulación y acelerar la reepitelización en las úlceras del pie diabético. Los Estudios Sociales de la Ciencia y la Tecnología constituyen un campo caracterizado por la heterogeneidad de tendencias que han ido configurando un enfoque más integral, interdisciplinario y responsable de la reflexión sobre la actividad científico-tecnológica. El artículo tiene como objetivo fundamentar el impacto social del Heberprot-P como fruto de una Tecnociencia, mediante un análisis teórico del tema.

Cost effectiveness comparison of certain transportation measures to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in San Diego County, California

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silva-Send, Nilmini; Anders, Scott; Narwold, Andrew

2013-01-01

California's overarching mandate to achieve 1990 levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in 2020 (AB 32, 2005), and the ensuing recent regulations (SB 375, CEQA updates) require local and regional governments to assess GHG mitigation policies, including on-road transportation. The regulations do not make cost-effectiveness a primary criteria for choosing measures but cost remains important to a variety of stakeholders. This communication summarizes results from GHG and cost analysis for seven actual San Diego County road transportation policies: telecommute, vanpools, a bicycle strategy, an increase in mass transit use, parking policies (parking pricing, preferred parking for electric vehicles), an increased local fuel tax and speed harmonization (signal re-timing, roundabouts). Net costs are calculated as the sum of direct costs and benefits to the administering agency, the employer and the individual. Net costs per metric ton GHG abated vary greatly across measures, from negative to high positive (more than US $1000). We find that local GHG cost cannot be sensibly compared to other carbon or GHG policy costs outside the local context for a variety of reasons, but especially because measures have not been adopted primarily for carbon or GHG abatement potential or on the basis of cost effectiveness

Adding Impacts and Mitigation Measures to OpenEI's RAPID Toolkit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vogel, Erin

2017-05-01

The Open Energy Information platform hosts the Regulatory and Permitting Information Desktop (RAPID) Toolkit to provide renewable energy permitting information on federal and state regulatory processes. One of the RAPID Toolkit's functions is to help streamline the geothermal permitting processes outlined in the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). This is particularly important in the geothermal energy sector since each development phase requires separate land analysis to acquire exploration, well field drilling, and power plant construction permits. Using the Environmental Assessment documents included in RAPID's NEPA Database, the RAPID team identified 37 resource categories that a geothermal project may impact. Examples include impacts to geology and minerals, nearby endangered species, or water quality standards. To provide federal regulators, project developers, consultants, and the public with typical impacts and mitigation measures for geothermal projects, the RAPID team has provided overview webpages of each of these 37 resource categories with a sidebar query to reference related NEPA documents in the NEPA Database. This project is an expansion of a previous project that analyzed the time to complete NEPA environmental review for various geothermal activities. The NEPA review not only focused on geothermal projects within the Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Forest Service managed lands, but also projects funded by the Department of Energy. Timeline barriers found were: extensive public comments and involvement; content overlap in NEPA documents, and discovery of impacted resources such as endangered species or cultural sites.

EMERGÊNCIA DA TEMÁTICA IMPACTO SOCIAL: UMA ANÁLISE DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA ATRAVÉS DA BASE WEB OF SCIENCE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

vera Maria de Souza Mazza

2016-12-01

Full Text Available A fim de ampliar o conhecimento referente à produção científica relacionada a impactos sociais, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as características das publicações sobre este tema na base de dados Web of Science, no período de 2005 a 2014, e identificar quais tópicos estudados junto a esta temática estão sendo mais pesquisados e quais os mais relevantes (hot topics. Esse estudo revelou, dentre outras questões, que cresce o volume de publicações nos anos mais recentes destacando-se como áreas que mais publicam: Engenharia (Engeneering e Ciências Ecológicas e Ambientais (Environmental Sciences Ecology, o que sugere que a temática relaciona-se com políticas, planos, projetos e programas de desenvolvimento, evidenciado na literatura referente a impactos sociais a qual tem origem nos estudos sobre impactos ambientais. A análise dos “tópicos quentes” (hot topics indicou que as áreas de Negócios e Economia (Business Economy e Administração Pública (Public Administration estão dentre as que mais publicam acerca da temática dos impactos sociais, representando um tema emergente junto a área da Administração.

Chronology of the 2015 eruption of Hakone volcano, Japan: geological background, mechanism of volcanic unrest and disaster mitigation measures during the crisis

Science.gov (United States)

Mannen, Kazutaka; Yukutake, Yohei; Kikugawa, George; Harada, Masatake; Itadera, Kazuhiro; Takenaka, Jun

2018-04-01

The 2015 eruption of Hakone volcano was a very small phreatic eruption, with total erupted ash estimated to be in the order of only 102 m3 and ballistic blocks reaching less than 30 m from the vent. Precursors, however, had been recognized at least 2 months before the eruption and mitigation measures were taken by the local governments well in advance. In this paper, the course of precursors, the eruption and the post-eruptive volcanic activity are reviewed, and a preliminary model for the magma-hydrothermal process that caused the unrest and eruption is proposed. Also, mitigation measures taken during the unrest and eruption are summarized and discussed. The first precursors observed were an inflation of the deep source and deep low-frequency earthquakes in early April 2015; an earthquake swarm then started in late April. On May 3, steam wells in Owakudani, the largest fumarolic area on the volcano, started to blowout. Seismicity reached its maximum in mid-May and gradually decreased; however, at 7:32 local time on June 29, a shallow open crack was formed just beneath Owakudani as inferred from sudden tilt change and InSAR analysis. The same day mud flows and/or debris flows likely started before 11:00 and ash emission began at about 12:30. The volcanic unrest and the eruption of 2015 can be interpreted as a pressure increase in the hydrothermal system, which was triggered by magma replenishment to a deep magma chamber. Such a pressure increase was also inferred from the 2001 unrest and other minor unrests of Hakone volcano during the twenty-first century. In fact, monitoring of repeated periods of unrest enabled alerting prior to the 2015 eruption. However, since open crack formation seems to occur haphazardly, eruption prediction remains impossible and evacuation in the early phase of volcanic unrest is the only way to mitigate volcanic hazard.[Figure not available: see fulltext.

Evaluación del impacto de las Microfinanzas sobre los ingresos y la generación de empleo en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jhon Alexander Méndez Sayago

2011-12-01

Full Text Available El artículo evalúa la capacidad de las herramientas microfinancieras para impulsar el mejoramiento de ingresos de las pequeñas y medianas unidades productivas en Colombia, así como la creación de puestos de trabajo en este segmento empresarial. Para tal cometido, se efectúa una estimación de los impactos del crédito formal, de cualquier tipo de crédito, y del crédito otorgado por la participación en programas de apoyo empresarial como FOMIPYME. Las técnicas para la estimación de los impactos de los tratamientos (microcrédito comprendieron: i los estimadores Matching no paramétricos del vecino más cercano y Kernel; ii el estimador de variables instrumentales; y iii el estimador del efecto local promedio del tratamiento (LATE. En todas las mediciones de los efectos del tratamiento se aceptó la hipótesis nula de que el microcrédito no tiene impacto positivo sobre las ganancias y la generación de empleo de las Micro, Medianas y Pequeñas Empresas

Alternative energy balances for Bulgaria to mitigate climate change

Science.gov (United States)

Christov, Christo

1996-01-01

Alternative energy balances aimed to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are developed as alternatives to the baseline energy balance. The section of mitigation options is based on the results of the GHG emission inventory for the 1987 1992 period. The energy sector is the main contributor to the total CO2 emissions of Bulgaria. Stationary combustion for heat and electricity production as well as direct end-use combustion amounts to 80% of the total emissions. The parts of the energy network that could have the biggest influence on GHG emission reduction are identified. The potential effects of the following mitigation measures are discussed: rehabilitation of the combustion facilities currently in operation; repowering to natural gas; reduction of losses in thermal and electrical transmission and distribution networks; penetration of new combustion technologies; tariff structure improvement; renewable sources for electricity and heat production; wasteheat utilization; and supply of households with natural gas to substitute for electricity in space heating and cooking. The total available and the achievable potentials are estimated and the implementation barriers are discussed.

Stress wave propagation and mitigation in two polymeric foams

Science.gov (United States)

Pradel, Pierre; Malaise, Frederic; Cadilhon, Baptiste; Quessada, Jean-Hugues; de Resseguier, Thibaut; Delhomme, Catherine; Le Blanc, Gael

2017-06-01

Polymeric foams are widely used in industry for thermal insulation or shock mitigation. This paper investigates the ability of a syntactic epoxy foam and an expanded polyurethane foam to mitigate intense (several GPa) and short duration (<10-6 s) stress pulses. Plate impact and electron beam irradiation experiments have been conducted to study the dynamic mechanical responses of both foams. Interferometer Doppler Laser method is used to record the target rear surface velocity. A two-wave structure associated with the propagation of an elastic precursor followed by the compaction of the pores has been observed. The compaction stress level deduced from the velocity measurement is a good indicator of mitigation capability of the foams. Quasi-static tests and dynamic soft recovery experiments have also been performed to determine the compaction mechanisms. In the polyurethane foam, the pores are closed by elastic buckling of the matrix and damage of the structure. In the epoxy foam, the compaction is due to the crushing of glass microspheres. Two porous material models successfully represent the macroscopic response of these polymeric foams.

Regional climate change mitigation analysis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rowlands, Ian H [UNEP Collaborating Centre on Energy and Environment, and Univ. of Waterloo (Canada)

1998-10-01

The purpose of this paper is to explore some of the key methodological issues that arise from an analysis of regional climate change mitigation options. The rationale for any analysis of regional mitigation activities, emphasising both the theoretical attractiveness and the existing political encouragement and the methodology that has been developed are reviewed. The differences arising from the fact that mitigation analyses have been taken from the level of the national - where the majority of the work has been completed to date - to the level of the international - that is, the `regional` - will be especially highlighted. (EG)

Regional climate change mitigation analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rowlands, Ian H.

1998-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to explore some of the key methodological issues that arise from an analysis of regional climate change mitigation options. The rationale for any analysis of regional mitigation activities, emphasising both the theoretical attractiveness and the existing political encouragement and the methodology that has been developed are reviewed. The differences arising from the fact that mitigation analyses have been taken from the level of the national - where the majority of the work has been completed to date - to the level of the international - that is, the 'regional' - will be especially highlighted. (EG)

El factor de impacto, sus variantes y su influencia en la promoción académica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodolfo C. Puche

2011-10-01

Full Text Available La bibliometría refiere a un conjunto de métodos de análisis o medición de la información. Aunque estos métodos pertenecen a la bibliotecología y ciencias de la información, algunas variables bibliométricas son muy frecuentemente utilizadas en áreas afines. Una de las más populares es el Factor de Impacto (FI. El FI es utilizado para determinar el impacto de un área en una determinada disciplina, el impacto de un grupo de investigadores o el de un trabajo en particular. Esta variable es usada en la evaluación cuantitativa de la producción académica y estaría amenazando el curso de la metodología tradicional y la evaluación de la investigación científica. En nuestro medio, los miembros de las comisiones evaluadoras de instituciones de investigación intensiva como el Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET, utilizan el FI para calificar el trabajo de los investigadores. Este artículo revisa el crecimiento exponencial de la bibliometría e intenta exponer la insatisfacción general sobre la calidad analítica del FI. La insatisfacción mencionada es evidente al observar el número de investigaciones en curso que intentan obtener una nueva variable de calidad analítica perfeccionada.

Los materiales alternativos estabilizados y su impacto ambiental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rubén Salvador Roux Gutierrez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo es resultado de investigaciones desarrolladas a partir de la experimentación de materiales alternativos para la edificación, en especial, relacionado con Bloques de Tierra Comprimida (BTC, que han sido estabilizados con hidróxido de cal y cemento, buscando cumplir con las Normas Mexicanas, en el apartado referente a materiales para uso en mampostería de las edificaciones y así corroborar que estos materiales cumplen con requisitos de calidad, al igual que los materiales convencionales, aunado a la realización del análisis de ciclo de vida (ACV en dos poblaciones de BTC’s estabilizados con cementantes, buscando determinar su impacto ambiental y finalmente poder contrastarlos con las bases de datos existentes de materiales convencionales.

CO2 emissions and mitigation potential in China's ammonia industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou Wenji; Zhu Bing; Li Qiang; Ma Tieju; Hu Shanying; Griffy-Brown, Charla

2010-01-01

Significant pressure from increasing CO 2 emissions and energy consumption in China's industrialization process has highlighted a need to understand and mitigate the sources of these emissions. Ammonia production, as one of the most important fundamental industries in China, represents those heavy industries that contribute largely to this sharp increasing trend. In the country with the largest population in the world, ammonia output has undergone fast growth spurred by increasing demand for fertilizer of food production since 1950s. However, various types of technologies implemented in the industry make ammonia plants in China operate with huge differences in both energy consumption and CO 2 emissions. With consideration of these unique features, this paper attempts to estimate the amount of CO 2 emission from China's ammonia production, and analyze the potential for carbon mitigation in the industry. Based on the estimation, related policy implications and measures required to realize the potential for mitigation are also discussed.

A study on residual stress mitigation of the HDPE pipe for various annealing conditions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Jong Sung [Sunchon National University, Sunchon (Korea, Republic of); Yoo, Jeong Ho [Korea Laboratory Engineering System, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Oh, Young Jin [KEPCO E and C, Sungnam (Korea, Republic of)

2015-03-15

This paper presents effects of the annealing condition variables such as temperature and time on the residual stress mitigation. The effects were investigated by using the various measurement methods such as hole-drilling method and slitting method. As a result of the investigation, the residual stress mitigation magnitude increases with increasing the annealing time and temperature. Based on the investigation results, the quantitative correlations between the annealing variables and the residual stress mitigation were derived. Finally, the effect of long-term operation under the normal operating temperature conditions on the residual stress mitigation was investigated by referring to the derived equations and performing some additional tests, and it is identified that the residual stresses are not significantly relaxed over the design lifetime of the safety class III buried HDPE pipes.

Barreras comerciales y su impacto en las exportaciones peruanas (1992-2002)

OpenAIRE

Mario D. Tello; Cristina J. Tello Trillo

2008-01-01

El presente trabajo determina, con diversas especificaciones y métodos de estimación, el impacto de las barreras comerciales (arancelarias, no arancelarias y los obstáculos técnicos) impuestas por los principales países de destino de las exportaciones peruanas sobre el valor de estas para el periodo 1992-2002. Los resultados del análisis de la información y estimaciones realizadas indican, por un lado, que los aranceles Nación Más Favorecida (NMF) y Sistema Generalizado de Preferencias (SGP) ...

IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS NA PRODUÇÃO DO ETANOL BRASILEIRO: UMA BREVE DISCUSSÃO DO CAMPO À INDÚSTRIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lilian Pugliese

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho tem como objetivo compilar e apresentar conjuntamente os principais impactos ambientais causados pela produção agrícola e industrial da produção de etanol, assim como apontar medidas de mitigação que têm sido apresentadas na literatura. O delineamento do estudo foi realizado pela análise qualitativa do material obtido em revisão bibliográfica. Durante a produção agrícola, os principais impactos ambientais encontrados foram a compactação dos solos por tratores e implementos agrícolas, a contaminação de corpos d’água e solos pelo uso intensivo de fertilizantes e agrotóxicos, aplicação não controlada de vinhaça, torta de filtro ou escórias de siderurgia e poluição do ar por queimadas da palha da cana-de-açúcar. Durante a produção industrial, os principais impactos ambientais apontados relacionam-se com a poluição de ar proveniente da queima do bagaço e palhada excedente para geração de energia elétrica e cinzas dessa queima, com o descarte inadequados da água de lavagem da cana e de equipamentos, das águas residuais de condensadores e multijatos e das águas residuais domésticas. As discussões apresentadas demonstram que a produção de etanol pode gerar impactos desconhecidos pela maior parte da população, tanto na produção agrícola, quanto na produção industrial, podendo ocasionar poluição atmosférica e dos recursos hídricos. Medidas de mitigação, como biodegradação da vinhaça e produção de gases para geração de energia, diminuição do consumo e reúso da água, também são apontadas.

Informing decision making in agricultural greenhouse gas mitigation policy: A Best–Worst Scaling survey of expert and farmer opinion in the sheep industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jones, A.K.; Jones, D.L.; Edwards-Jones, G.; Cross, P.

2013-01-01

Highlights: ► Effectiveness and practicality of greenhouse gas mitigation measures are assessed. ► Best–Worst Scaling surveys are used to elicit expert and sheep farmer opinion. ► Effective and practical measures are priority candidates for policy inclusion. ► Support mechanisms may be needed to deliver effective, low practicality measures. ► Variation in farmers’ perceptions of practicality holds implications for policy delivery. -- Abstract: Policy decision making for agricultural greenhouse gas mitigation is hindered by scientific uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of mitigation measures. Successful on-farm adoption of measures is contingent upon farmer perception of the relative practicality of implementing the measure and associated incentives and advice. In the absence of a comprehensive evidence base we utilised Best–Worst Scaling, a discrete choice survey method, to elicit expert and farmer opinion on the relative effectiveness and practicality of mitigation measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from sheep production systems. The method enabled individual mitigation measures to be ranked on a ratio scale of effectiveness (expert opinion) and practicality (farmer opinion). Six measures were identified as possessing the combined qualities of effectiveness and practicality and are considered priority candidates for policy promotion. The overall preferred measure was the use of legumes in pasture reseed mixes. Estimation and analysis of the distribution of individual respondent scores revealed heterogeneity in farmers’ perceptions of practicality, suggesting that flexible policies are required to enable farmers to select mitigation measures most suited to their farm type and locality. Practical measures with below average effectiveness may be widely adopted with limited regulation, incentivisation or advice, whilst some highly effective measures with lower practicality are likely to present greater obstacles to adoption

18 CFR 35.38 - Mitigation.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mitigation. 35.38 Section 35.38 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT... Sales of Electric Energy, Capacity and Ancillary Services at Market-Based Rates § 35.38 Mitigation. (a...

Reducing uncertainty of estimated nitrogen load reductions to aquatic systems through spatially targeting agricultural mitigation measures using groundwater nitrogen reduction

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hashemi, Fatemeh; Olesen, Jørgen Eivind; Jabloun, Mohamed

2018-01-01

variation across the landscape in natural N-reduction (denitrification) of leached nitrate in the groundwater and surface water systems. A critical basis for including spatial targeting in regulation of N-load in Denmark is the uncertainty associated with the effect of spatially targeting measures, since......The need to further abate agricultural nitrate (N)-loadings to coastal waters in Denmark represents the main driver for development of a new spatially targeted regulation that focus on locating N-mitigation measures in agricultural areas with high N-load. This targeting makes use of the spatial...... the effect will be critically affected by uncertainty in the quantification of the spatial variation in N-reduction. In this study, we used 30 equally plausible N-reduction maps, at 100 m grid and sub-catchment resolutions, for the 85-km2 groundwater dominated Norsminde catchment in Denmark, applying set...

Climate change mitigation through livestock system transitions

Science.gov (United States)

Havlík, Petr; Valin, Hugo; Herrero, Mario; Obersteiner, Michael; Schmid, Erwin; Rufino, Mariana C.; Mosnier, Aline; Thornton, Philip K.; Böttcher, Hannes; Conant, Richard T.; Frank, Stefan; Fritz, Steffen; Fuss, Sabine; Kraxner, Florian; Notenbaert, An

2014-01-01

Livestock are responsible for 12% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable intensification of livestock production systems might become a key climate mitigation technology. However, livestock production systems vary substantially, making the implementation of climate mitigation policies a formidable challenge. Here, we provide results from an economic model using a detailed and high-resolution representation of livestock production systems. We project that by 2030 autonomous transitions toward more efficient systems would decrease emissions by 736 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year (MtCO2e⋅y−1), mainly through avoided emissions from the conversion of 162 Mha of natural land. A moderate mitigation policy targeting emissions from both the agricultural and land-use change sectors with a carbon price of US$10 per tCO2e could lead to an abatement of 3,223 MtCO2e⋅y−1. Livestock system transitions would contribute 21% of the total abatement, intra- and interregional relocation of livestock production another 40%, and all other mechanisms would add 39%. A comparable abatement of 3,068 MtCO2e⋅y−1 could be achieved also with a policy targeting only emissions from land-use change. Stringent climate policies might lead to reductions in food availability of up to 200 kcal per capita per day globally. We find that mitigation policies targeting emissions from land-use change are 5 to 10 times more efficient—measured in “total abatement calorie cost”—than policies targeting emissions from livestock only. Thus, fostering transitions toward more productive livestock production systems in combination with climate policies targeting the land-use change appears to be the most efficient lever to deliver desirable climate and food availability outcomes. PMID:24567375

Disruption Physics and Mitigation on DIII-D

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Whyte, D.G.; Humphreys, D.A.; Kellman, A.G.

2005-01-01

The contributions of the DIII-D tokamak toward the understanding and control of disruptions are reviewed. Disruptions are found to be deterministic, and the underlying causes of disruption can therefore be predicted and avoided. With sufficiently rapid detection, possible damage from disruptions can be mitigated using an understanding of disruption phenomenology and plasma physics. Regimes of high β are readily available in DIII-D and provide access to relatively high energy density disruptions, despite DIII-D's moderate magnetic field and size. DIII-D, with all-graphite wall armor and wall conditioning between discharges, has proven highly resilient to the deleterious effects that disruptions can have on plasma operations. Simultaneously, exploitation and adaptation of DIII-D's extensive core and edge plasma diagnostic set have allowed for unique plasma measurements during disruptions. These measurements have tied into the development of several physical models used to understand aspects of disruptions, such as magnetohydrodynamic growth at the disruption onset, radiation energy balance through the thermal quench, and halo currents during the current quench. Based on this fundamental understanding, DIII-D has developed techniques to mitigate the harmful effects of disruptions by radiative dissipation of the plasma energy and extrapolated these techniques for possible use on larger devices like ITER

Uma Nota Sobre o Impacto do Comércio Internacional no Crescimento de Economias em Desenvolvimento

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ALEXANDRE LOURES

Full Text Available Esta nota investiga o impacto do comércio internacional sobre o crescimento econômico de um grupo de países em desenvolvimento. Para tanto, emprega-se o modelo estrutural proposto por Anderson et al. (2014. Os resultados indicam que o crescimento é estimulado pelo comércio bilateral. Os exercícios contrafactuais sugerem que a liberalização comercial, seja ela fruto de uma redução dos custos do North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA, ou de um processo de hiperglobalização, possui um impacto expressivo e positivo sobre o bem-estar social para alguns dos países analisados. No caso do Brasil, a melhora no bem-estar é de 0,25% e 9,13%, respectivamente. Em geral, os resultados demonstram que o comércio internacional pode ser utilizado como instrumento para alavancar o crescimento do PIB e o bem-estar dos países.

Tratamento artroscópico do impacto femoroacetabular Arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giancarlo C. Polesello

2009-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: O propósito deste estudo é avaliar os resultados em curto prazo do tratamento artroscópico do impacto femoroacetabular. A hipótese é a de que os resultados do tratamento artroscópico são favoráveis. MÉTODOS: Entre agosto de 2003 e agosto de 2007, 28 quadris foram submetidos ao tratamento do impacto femoroacetabular pela via artroscópica. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 34 anos, com média de seguimento de 27 meses. Quanto à melhora clínica, os pacientes foram avaliados pré e pósoperatoriamente pelo Harris Hip Score (HHS modificado por Byrd. Os pacientes foram avaliados pré e pós-operatoriamente em relação à rotação interna do quadril acometido. Os valores obtidos nos índices acima foram analisados estatisticamente através do método de Wilcoxon para a avaliação de variáveis não paramétricas. RESULTADOS: O Harris Hip Score médio pré-operatório foi de 54,2 e o pós-operatório, de 94,8 (p OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the short-term follow-up results of arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement. Our hypothesis is that arthroscopic treatment results are favorable. METHODS: Between August 2003 and August 2007, 28 hips had femoroacetabular impingement treated by hip arthroscopy. The mean age was 34 years, with mean follow-up period of 27 months. Clinical results were graded with the modified Harris hip score, which was measured pre-and postoperatively. Patients had also their internal rotation analyzed. These parameters were calculated by using Wilcoxon's t test for analysis of nonparametric paired samples performed. RESULTS: The mean preoperative Harris Hip Score was 54.2, improving to 94.8 postoperatively (p<0,001. The mean increase was 37.5 points. We had 4 good results (15% and 24 excellent results (85%. Preoperatively, the patients had a mean internal rotation of 17º, and, postoperatively, 36º. The average internal rotation increase was 19º (p<0,001. CONCLUSIONS

On civil engineering disasters and their mitigation

Science.gov (United States)

Xie, Lili; Qu, Zhe

2018-01-01

Civil engineering works such as buildings and infrastructure are the carriers of human civilization. They are, however, also the origins of various types of disasters, which are referred to in this paper as civil engineering disasters. This paper presents the concept of civil engineering disasters, their characteristics, classification, causes, and mitigation technologies. Civil engineering disasters are caused primarily by civil engineering defects, which are usually attributed to improper selection of construction site, hazard assessment, design and construction, occupancy, and maintenance. From this viewpoint, many so-called natural disasters such as earthquakes, strong winds, floods, landslides, and debris flows are substantially due to civil engineering defects rather than the actual natural hazards. Civil engineering disasters occur frequently and globally and are the most closely related to human beings among all disasters. This paper emphasizes that such disasters can be mitigated mainly through civil engineering measures, and outlines the related objectives and scientific and technological challenges.

Fuel conservation and GHG (Greenhouse gas) emissions mitigation scenarios for China’s passenger vehicle fleet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hao, Han; Wang, Hewu; Ouyang, Minggao

2011-01-01

Passenger vehicles are the main consumers of gasoline in China. We established a bottom-up model which focuses on the simulation of energy consumptions and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions growth by China’s passenger vehicle fleet. The fuel conservation and GHG emissions mitigation effects of five measures including constraining vehicle registration, reducing vehicle travel, strengthening fuel consumption rate (FCR) limits, vehicle downsizing and promoting electric vehicle (EV) penetration were evaluated. Based on the combination of these measures, the fuel conservation and GHG emissions mitigation scenarios for China’s passenger vehicle fleet were analyzed. Under reference scenario with no measures implemented, the fuel consumptions and life cycle GHG emissions will reach 520 million tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe) and 2.15 billion tons in 2050, about 8.1 times the level in 2010. However, substantial fuel conservation can be achieved by implementing the measures. By implementing all five measures together, the fuel consumption will reach 138 Mtoe in 2030 and decrease to 126 Mtoe in 2050, which is only 37.1% and 24.3% of the consumption under reference scenario. Similar potential lies in GHG mitigation. The results and scenarios provided references for the Chinese government’s policy-making. -- Highlights: ► We established a bottom-up model to simulate the fuel consumptions and GHG (Greenhouse gas) emissions growth by China’s passenger vehicle fleet. ► Five measures including constraining vehicle registration, reducing vehicle travel, improving fuel efficiency, vehicle downsizing and promoting EV penetration were evaluated. ► The fuel conservation and GHG emissions mitigation scenarios for China’s passenger vehicle fleet were provided as references for policy-making.

Climate change mitigation studies in Sri Lanka

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wickramaratne, Rupa

1998-01-01

In Sri Lanka, Climate Change Mitigation Studies have received low priority and have been limited to an ADB-sponsored preliminary study followed by an initial assessment of some mitigation options in the energy and agricultural sectors, with technical assistance from the US Country Studies Program. The major focus was on options of the mitigation of carbon dioxide emissions from the energy sector. Owing to funding constraints, only the potential for reduction of carbon dioxide emissions resulting from the various mitigation options were quantified; analysis of monetary costs and benefits or policy/programs for adoption of the options were not undertaken. For the non-energy sector, a very limited study on mitigation of methane emissions from rice fields was carried out. (au)

Drainage filter technologies to mitigate site-specific phosphorus losses

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kjærgaard, Charlotte; Heckrath, Goswin Johann; Iversen, Bo Vangsø

2014-01-01

-specific nutrient losses in drainage. The “SUPREME-TECH” project (2010-2015), funded by the Danish Strategic Research Council, aims at providing the scientific basis for developing cost-effective drainage filter technologies to retain P in agricultural drainage waters. The project studies different approaches...... high risks areas of P loss and applying site-specific measures therefore seems a more cost-efficient approach. The Danish Commission for Nature and Agriculture has now called for a shift of paradigm towards targeted mitigation and development of new, cost-efficient technologies to mitigate site......-scale surface-flow constructed wetland. In the former, various natural and industrial P filter substrates have been tested for their ability to reduce inlet P concentrations to below environmental threshold values (

Creating Stakeholder Value through Risk Mitigation Measures in the Context of Disaster Management

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Minna Räikkönen

2017-10-01

Full Text Available The resilience of critical infrastructure (CI to extreme weather events (EWE is one of the most demanding challenges for all stakeholders in modern society. Although partial risk reduction is feasible through the introduction and implementation of various risk mitigation measures (RMM, decision-makers at all decision-making levels are pressured to find ways to cope with the impending extreme weather and to have a thorough understanding of the EWE impacts on CI. This paper discusses how the value of RMMs can be created and assessed in a stakeholder network. Qualitative research methods, namely literature review and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process, were applied as research methods. The paper examines how disaster management and value creation both converge and differ from each other. It also presents a case study on the value of various RMM and the impacts of extreme winter conditions on electricity distribution in Finland. Based on the case study, the most important value criterion was the benefits of the RMM in economic, social, and environmental terms. At a fundamental level, the value of RMM should be expressed not only in terms of money but also in regard to safety, security, societal acceptability, CI dependability, and other typically intangible criteria. Moreover, the results reveal that the interrelationship of value creation and disaster management offers new insights to both approaches.

Industry initiatives in impact mitigation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Metz, W.C.

1982-08-01

The author concludes that mitigation is the focus of conflicting opinions regarding responsibility, strategy, and effort. There are no hard, fast, or tried and true rules for company involvement in mitigation efforts. Each mitigation effort must be tailored and negotiated to match the unique characteristics of individual projects and circumstances of specific locales. Companies must assume financial responsibility for the temporary impacts and area needs created by their projects. They must also offer financial and technical assistance to impact areas, not just the host political jurisdiction, when local, state, federal, and special fund sources of revenue or technical assistance are not available or insufficient. But, local, state, and federal governments must also recognize their responsibilities and make adjustments in tax jurisdiction boundaries and disbursement formulas so that impacted areas are properly defined and receive an adequate share of lease, royalty, severance tax, permit fee, special use and service charges, and sales tax payments. Laws need to allow innovative uses of tax pre-payments, housing mortgage bonds, changeable debt and bounding limits, industrial loans with delayed prepayment, and revised revenue assistance formulas. Enabling legislation is required in most states to allow impact areas to negotiate the mitigation efforts. A review of 7 types of mitigation effort is presented: transportation; housing; public utilities; health, public safety and recreation; miscellaneous; and company-community interaction. (PBS)

The influence of mitigation on sage-grouse habitat selection within an energy development field.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bradley C Fedy

implemented may be responsible for the measurable improvement in sage-grouse nesting habitats within the development area. However, we cannot reject alternative hypotheses concerning the influence of population density and intraspecific competition. Additionally, we were unable to assess the actual fitness consequences of mitigation or the source-sink dynamics of the habitats. We compared the pre-mitigation and post-mitigation models predicted as maps with habitats ranked from low to high relative probability of use (equal-area bins: 1 - 5. We found more improvement in habitat rank between the two time periods around mitigated wells compared to non-mitigated wells. Informed mitigation within energy development fields could help improve habitats within the field. We recommend that any mitigation effort include well-informed plans to monitor the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation actions that assess both habitat use and relevant fitness parameters.

44 CFR 201.6 - Local Mitigation Plans.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

..., require a local mitigation plan for the Repetitive Flood Claims Program. A local government must have a... eligible for FMA project grants. However, these plans must be clearly identified as being flood mitigation... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Local Mitigation Plans. 201.6...

Estudio experimental y numérico frente a impacto de material deportivo

OpenAIRE

Villamor Cuadrado, Luis Alexander

2015-01-01

En la actualidad el uso de diferentes plásticos y espumas foam se ha multiplicado en el campo del material deportivo gracias a su baja densidad y su facilidad de amoldarse a infinidad de formas. Otra de las razones por la cual la utilización de estos materiales se está potenciando es debido a las diferentes combinaciones entre sus compuestos, lo cual les confiere diferentes propiedades. El presente proyecto fin de grado pretende estudiar experimentalmente el comportamiento frente a impacto...

Impacto del comercio alemán en la economía regional marabina (1870-1900

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Germán Cardozo Galué

2013-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se aborda el impacto del comercio alemán en la economía regional marabina, caracterizada tradicionalmente por la agroexportación. Consumada la Independencia y creada la República de 1830, las economías regionales venezolanas continuaron con la actividad agroexportadora estimulada por la creciente demanda mundial de café en los circuitos agroexportadoras de La Guaira, Maracaibo y Puerto Cabello. La demanda cafetalera dio inicio a una etapa de franca expansión y consolidación de la Venezuela agroexportadora a la Venezuela que se sumó a la explotación industrial petrolera a inicios del siglo XX. A lo largo de este ensayo se desarrolla el impacto generado por la importancia del encuentro generacional del tradicional desarrollo agrícola en la región marabina y el nuevo impulso que cobró la actividad mercantil hacia los mercados europeos y norteamericanos. Metodológicamente abordaremos el tema en base a las fuentes consultadas en los archivos bibliográficos y documentales nacionales y extranjeros.

NAMAs and the carbon market. Nationally appropriate mitigation actions of developing countries

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Holm Olsen, K.; Fenhann, J.; Hinostroza, M.

2009-07-01

The role of carbon markets in scaling up mitigation actions in developing countries in the post-2012 climate regime is the topic of Perspectives 2009: NAMAs and the Carbon Market - Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions of Developing Countries. The eight papers presented explore how mitigation actions in developing countries, in the context of sustainable development, may be supported by technology, finance and capacity development in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner. Key issues discussed are the pros and cons of market and non-market mechanisms in raising private and public finance, and the appropriate governance structures at the international and national levels. The aim of this publication is to present possible answers to these questions, with a specific focus on the role of existing and emerging carbon markets to finance NAMAs. (LN)

Experimental evaluation of optical crosstalk mitigation using phase scrambling

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Tangdiongga, E.; Tafur Monroy, I.; Jonker, R.J.W.; Waardt, de H.

2000-01-01

We report an experimental study of mitigation of optical homodyne crosstalk by phase scrambling. This is obtained by frequency shifting the signal-crosstalk heating noise power out of the receiver bandwidth. An increased tolerance to crosstalk of 7 and 5 dB is measured in a 2.5-Gb/s link of result

Wetland Mitigation Monitoring at the Fernald Preserve - 13200

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Powell, Jane [Fernald Preserve Site Manager, DOE Office of Legacy Management, Harrison, Ohio (United States); Bien, Stephanie; Decker, Ashlee; Homer, John [Environmental Scientist, S.M. Stoller Corporation, Harrison, Ohio (United States); Wulker, Brian [Intern, S.M. Stoller Corporation, Harrison, Ohio (United States)

2013-07-01

The U.S. Department of Energy is responsible for 7.2 hectares (17.8 acres) of mitigation wetland at the Fernald Preserve, Ohio. Remedial activities affected the wetlands, and mitigation plans were incorporated into site-wide ecological restoration planning. In 2008, the Fernald Natural Resource Trustees developed a comprehensive wetland mitigation monitoring approach to evaluate whether compensatory mitigation requirements have been met. The Fernald Preserve Wetland Mitigation Monitoring Plan provided a guideline for wetland evaluations. The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (Ohio EPA) wetland mitigation monitoring protocols were adopted as the means for compensatory wetland evaluation. Design, hydrologic regime, vegetation, wildlife, and biogeochemistry were evaluated from 2009 to 2011. Evaluations showed mixed results when compared to the Ohio EPA performance standards. Results of vegetation monitoring varied, with the best results occurring in wetlands adjacent to forested areas. Amphibians, particularly ambystomatid salamanders, were observed in two areas adjacent to forested areas. Not all wetlands met vegetation performance standards and amphibian biodiversity metrics. However, Fernald mitigation wetlands showed substantially higher ratings compared to other mitigated wetlands in Ohio. Also, soil sampling results remain consistent with other Ohio mitigated wetlands. The performance standards are not intended to be 'pass/fail' criteria; rather, they are reference points for use in making decisions regarding future monitoring and maintenance. The Trustees approved the Fernald Preserve Wetland Mitigation Monitoring Report with the provision that long-term monitoring of the wetlands continues at the Fernald Preserve. (authors)

Wetland Mitigation Monitoring at the Fernald Preserve - 13200

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Powell, Jane; Bien, Stephanie; Decker, Ashlee; Homer, John; Wulker, Brian

2013-01-01

The U.S. Department of Energy is responsible for 7.2 hectares (17.8 acres) of mitigation wetland at the Fernald Preserve, Ohio. Remedial activities affected the wetlands, and mitigation plans were incorporated into site-wide ecological restoration planning. In 2008, the Fernald Natural Resource Trustees developed a comprehensive wetland mitigation monitoring approach to evaluate whether compensatory mitigation requirements have been met. The Fernald Preserve Wetland Mitigation Monitoring Plan provided a guideline for wetland evaluations. The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (Ohio EPA) wetland mitigation monitoring protocols were adopted as the means for compensatory wetland evaluation. Design, hydrologic regime, vegetation, wildlife, and biogeochemistry were evaluated from 2009 to 2011. Evaluations showed mixed results when compared to the Ohio EPA performance standards. Results of vegetation monitoring varied, with the best results occurring in wetlands adjacent to forested areas. Amphibians, particularly ambystomatid salamanders, were observed in two areas adjacent to forested areas. Not all wetlands met vegetation performance standards and amphibian biodiversity metrics. However, Fernald mitigation wetlands showed substantially higher ratings compared to other mitigated wetlands in Ohio. Also, soil sampling results remain consistent with other Ohio mitigated wetlands. The performance standards are not intended to be 'pass/fail' criteria; rather, they are reference points for use in making decisions regarding future monitoring and maintenance. The Trustees approved the Fernald Preserve Wetland Mitigation Monitoring Report with the provision that long-term monitoring of the wetlands continues at the Fernald Preserve. (authors)

Impacto não Linear do Marketing Mix no Desempenho em Vendas de Marcas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafael Barreiros Porto

2015-01-01

Full Text Available O padrão de impacto que as atividades de marketingexercem nas vendas não tem sido evidenciado na literatura. Muitas pesquisas adotam perspectivas lineares restritas, desconsiderando as evidências empíricas. Este trabalho investigou o impacto não linear do marketingmixno volume em vendas e no volume de consumidores e de compra por consumidor. Realizou-se um estudo longitudinal em painel de marcas e de consumidores simultâneos. Analisaram-se 121 marcas durante 13 meses, com 793 compras/mês feitas pelos consumidores por meio de três equações de estimativas generalizadas. Os resultados apontam que o marketing mix, em especial brandinge precificação, impacta fortemente todas as dependentes em formato não linear, com bons ajustes dos parâmetros. Oefeito conjunto gera economias de escala para as marcas, enquanto, para cada consumidor, o efeito conjunto estimula-o a adquirir maiores quantidades gradativamente. A pesquisa demonstra oito padrões impactantes do marketingmixsobre os indicadores investigados, com alterações de sua ordem e de seu peso para marcas e consumidores.

Alcances e impactos del Programa Hábitat en comunidades pobres urbanas de México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gerardo ORDÓÑEZ-BARBA

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo resume los resultados de una evaluación del Programa Hábitat que tuvo como pro - pósito valorar los alcances e impactos de su intervención. Después de revisar las modificaciones a su diseño, dimensionar sus niveles de cobertura y analizar los impactos generados en las condi - ciones de vida de sus beneficiarios mediante una metodología de tipo experimental, se concluye que: a los cambios introducidos en las reglas de operación han limitado su capacidad de actua - ción, convirtiéndolo en un programa especializado en la introducción de servicios básicos e in - fraestructura urbana; b enfrenta grandes limitaciones para desplegar una cobertura acorde con el tamaño de su universo potencial y c tiene efectos significativos sobre un conjunto de indicadores que denotan mejoras en la calidad de vida y la satisfacción de sus beneficiarios, particularmente en lo que se refiere a las condiciones físicas del entorno urbano, aunque no se observan cambios en las condiciones sociales al interior de las comunidades.

Impactos de medidas “antidumping” adotadas pelos EUA sobre o setor siderúrgico de Minas Gerais e o restante do Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vinícius de Azevedo Couto Firme

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Analisar o impacto de medidas antidumping aplicadas pelos Estados Unidos sobre exportações do setor siderúrgico de Minas Gerais, para o período entre 1999 e 2002, foi o objetivo deste trabalho. Os resultados mostraram que tal medida teve efeitos estatisticamente significativos sobre a redução no fluxo de comércio. Na análise da integração dos resultados econométricos com a abordagem de matrizes inter-regionais de insumo-produto, foi possível concluir que o setor mais afetado, no que se refere à produção, seria a siderurgia mineira, em que o impacto representou mais de 75% do total, no período em análise. Com relação ao emprego, o impacto sobre a siderurgia de Minas Gerais corresponde, em média, a mais de 50% do total de vagas que seriam criadas, caso nenhuma medida antidumping tivesse sido adotada; e a siderurgia do restante do país seria responsável por mais de 16% dos postos de trabalho criados no período.

El impacto de los precios del petróleo sobre el crecimiento económico en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Perilla

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Este artículo forma parte de una investigación sobre el efecto del precio del petróleo sobre el crecimiento económico en Colombia a nivel agregado y sectorial. La estimación del impacto se realiza a ambos niveles aplicando técnicas de series de tiempo. La evidencia sugiere que _este impacto existe y es asimétrico a nivel agregado. En el período de análisis la dinámica de los precios habría tenido efectos cambiarios que favorecieron la importación de bienes intermedios y de capital pero al mismo tiempo habrían tenido consecuencias negativas para las exportaciones sectoriales. La combinación de estos dos principales efectos sobre el comportamiento de la producción sectorial no es concluyente ni homogénea entre sectores.

Consideraciones metodológicas acerca del proceso de gestión del impacto y riesgo de contaminación de acuíferos

OpenAIRE

Massone, Hector; Martínez, Daniel

2008-01-01

En este trabajo se describen y analizan dos aproximaciones al análisis del proceso de gestión de la contaminación de acuíferos: desde el concepto de impacto ambiental y desde las etapas de manejo de riesgos naturales; se analizan similitudes y diferencias, la aplicabilidad de cada una y se enfatizan sus particularidades. Se pone énfasis en la aproximación desde el riesgo, menos difundida y reglamentada que la del impacto ambiental. Se describe el proceso de gestión de riesgos naturales,...

Greenhouse gas emissions from Thailand’s transport sector: Trends and mitigation options

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pongthanaisawan, Jakapong; Sorapipatana, Chumnong

2013-01-01

Rapid growth of population and economy during the past two decades has resulted in continuing growth of transport’s oil demand and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The objectives of this study are to examine pattern and growth in energy demand as well as related GHG emissions from the transport sector and to analyze potential pathways of energy demand and GHG emissions reduction from this sector of the measures being set by the Thai Government. A set of econometric models has been developed to estimate the historical trend of energy demand and GHG emissions in the transport sector during 1989–2007 and to forecast future trends to 2030. Two mitigation option scenarios of fuel switching and energy efficiency options have been designed to analyze pathways of energy consumption and GHG emissions reduction potential in Thailand’s transport sector compared with the baseline business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, which assumed to do nothing influences the long-term trends of transport energy demand. It has been found that these two mitigation options can reduce the GHG emissions differently. The fuel-switching option could significantly reduce the amount of GHG emissions in a relatively short time frame, albeit it will be limited by its supply resources, whereas the energy efficiency option is more effective for GHG emissions mitigation in the long term. Therefore, both measures should be implemented simultaneously for both short and long term mitigation effects in order to more effectively achieve GHG emissions reduction target.

EXPANSIÓN URBANA Y TURISMO EN LA COMARCA DEL CAMPO DE CARTAGENA-MAR MENOR (MURCIA. IMPACTO EN EL SELLADO DEL SUELO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Asunción Romero Díaz

2017-01-01

Full Text Available En las últimas décadas, la comarca estudiada ha experimentado una expansión urbana sin precedentes motivada por el turismo residencial. Esto ha supuesto un notable impacto medioambiental. Para estudiar este proceso y sus impactos, se han analizado los tipos de viviendas y población, digitalizando las superficies urbanas de tres fechas (1956, 1981 y 2011 y estimando la longitud y superficie de la red viaria. La superficie de suelo sellada, por este tipo de usos se ha evaluado en un 16% con respecto al total. Consecuencia de lo anterior es el aumento en la frecuencia de las inundaciones.

Experimental research of the effects of different shields on power frequency electric field mitigation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nahman Jovan

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The paper describes experimental research on the effects of different shields on power frequency electric field mitigation. This research was performed in order to determine those materials that may be used for electric field mitigation in cases where the reference level is exceeded. Using measured results, the value of the shielding factor has been calculated for all tested shields and the most efficient shields were determined.

Space debris mitigation - engineering strategies

Science.gov (United States)

Taylor, E.; Hammond, M.

The problem of space debris pollution is acknowledged to be of growing concern by space agencies, leading to recent activities in the field of space debris mitigation. A review of the current (and near-future) mitigation guidelines, handbooks, standards and licensing procedures has identified a number of areas where further work is required. In order for space debris mitigation to be implemented in spacecraft manufacture and operation, the authors suggest that debris-related criteria need to become design parameters (following the same process as applied to reliability and radiation). To meet these parameters, spacecraft manufacturers and operators will need processes (supported by design tools and databases and implementation standards). A particular aspect of debris mitigation, as compared with conventional requirements (e.g. radiation and reliability) is the current and near-future national and international regulatory framework and associated liability aspects. A framework for these implementation standards is presented, in addition to results of in-house research and development on design tools and databases (including collision avoidance in GTO and SSTO and evaluation of failure criteria on composite and aluminium structures).

Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exposure mitigation in US residences: In-home measurements of ventilation control and source control

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hult, Erin L. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Willem, Henry [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Price, Phillip N. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Hotchi, Toshifumi [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Russell, Marion L. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Singer, Brett C. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

2014-10-01

Measurements were taken in new US residences to assess the extent to which ventilation and source control can mitigate formaldehyde exposure. Increasing ventilation consistently lowered indoor formaldehyde concentrations. However, at a reference air exchange rate of 0.35 h^-1, increasing ventilation was up to 60% less effective than would be predicted if the emission rate were constant. This is consistent with formaldehyde emission rates decreasing as air concentrations increase, as observed in chamber studies. In contrast, measurements suggest acetaldehyde emission was independent of ventilation rate. To evaluate the effectiveness of source control, formaldehyde concentrations were measured in Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified/Indoor airPLUS homes constructed with materials certified to have low emission rates of volatile organic compounds (VOC). At a reference air exchange rate of 0.35 h^-1, and adjusting for home age, temperature and relative humidity, formaldehyde concentrations in homes built with low-VOC materials were 42% lower on average than in reference new homes with conventional building materials. Without adjustment, concentrations were 27% lower in the low-VOC homes. The mean and standard deviation of formaldehyde concentration were 33 μg m-3 and 22 μg m^-3 for low-VOC homes and 45 μg m^-3 and 30 μg m^-3 for conventional.

Estudio de impacto ambiental Expost y el plan de manejo ambiental para el Batallón de Infantería 19 Carchi

OpenAIRE

Quezada Yaguache, Galo Efrén

2016-01-01

La realización del proyecto, estudio de impacto ambiental Expost y Plan de Manejo Ambiental para el Batallón de Infantería 19 Carchi, contempló acciones previas donde se estableció información relevante en base a características Físicas y microbiológicas del agua, para lo cual se realizaron pruebas de laboratorio en la cual se obtuvo impactos negativos despreciables en el componente Abiótico o biótico de tal manera que serán mitigados en las diferentes acciones propuestas en el plan de manejo...

Digital.CSIC: el impacto de la ciencia en abierto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martínez Santiago, María Dolores

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Desde la Oficina Técnica de la Unidad de Recursos de Información Científica para la Investigación (URICI se están llevando a cabo mejoras en el repositorio institucional Digital.CSIC con el objeto de analizar la visibilidad y el impacto de los trabajos depositados a través de estadísticas, citas y otros indicadores. Para optimizar el tiempo de depósito, han desarrollado la pasarela ConCiencia que permite trasvasar los datos bibliográficos y el texto completo al repositorio de forma rápida, tanto es así que a partir del mes de su inauguración ha habido un gran incremento de depósitos en el repositorio.

12 CFR 702.108 - Risk mitigation credit.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Risk mitigation credit. 702.108 Section 702.108... CORRECTIVE ACTION Net Worth Classification § 702.108 Risk mitigation credit. (a) Who may apply. A credit union may apply for a risk mitigation credit if on any of the current or three preceding effective dates...

Impactos Operacionais das Alteraçõess no Contrato Futuro de Milho Da BM&F-BOVESPA na Mitigação de RiscoOperational Impacts of the Changes in the Corn Futures Contract of the BM&F Bovespa Regarding Risk MitigationImpactos Operativos de las Modificaciones del Contrato Futuro de Maíz de BM&F-Bovespa Sobre la Eliminación del Riesgo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

SOUZA, Waldemar Antonio da Rocha de

2012-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMOO mercado de milho possui importante participação no cenário agropecuário nacional, pela relevância dentro da indústria de carnes. Destacam-se as estratégias de comercialização do grão, em especial as relacionadas à mitigação do risco de preço com o uso de contratos futuros. Objetiva-se identificar e interpretar os efeitos causados pela modificação no contrato futuro do milho negociado na BM&F-Bovespa, que em setembro de 2008 passou de entrega física para liquidação financeira, sobre o desempenho do mercado futuro do grão comercializado. Avaliam-se a liquidez dos contratos, a volatilidade dos preços futuro e físico do milho, bem como a convergência da base. Identificaram-se como possíveis efeitos da alteração contratual o aumento da liquidez do contrato futuro de milho e a redução da volatilidade dos preços, além da melhoria na convergência da base. Os resultados alinham-se com a teoria e evidenciam impacto positivo da implementação da liquidação financeira no contrato futuro de milho.ABSTRACTThe corn market plays an important role in the national agricultural scenario, given its relevance in the meat industry, where grain marketing strategies are outstanding, especially those related to price risk mitigation using futures contracts. This article aims to identify and interpret the effects of the changes of the corn futures contract traded at the BM&F-Bovespa, which shifted in September 2008 from physical delivery to cash settlement, on the grain futures market performance. We evaluated contract liquidity, volatility of future and physical corn prices, and base convergence. The possible effects of the contract amendment include the increase in liquidity of the corn futures contract, reduction of the price volatility and improved base convergence. The results are in line with the theory and highlight the positive impact of implementing cash settlement for corn futures.RESUMENEl mercado del maíz tiene un

32 CFR 989.22 - Mitigation.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... EPF informed of the mitigation status. The EPF reports its status, through the MAJCOM, to HQ USAF/A7CI when requested. Upon request, the EPF must also provide the results of relevant mitigation monitoring... forwarded, through the MAJCOM EPF to HQ USAF/A7CI for review within 90 days from the date of signature of...

IMPRO4: UNA APLICACIÓN DE TIPO SAAS (SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE PARA LA EVALUACIÓN DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Teresa Gómez Villarino

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta el programa IMPRO4-EIA, aplicación informática diseñada expresamente para realizar el Estudio de Impacto Ambiental de un proyecto y sus alternativas, en forma sistemática, rápida, eficaz y eficiente, de acuerdo con el contenido que fija la legislación vigente y con el estilo de los más modernos enfoques. Dicho estudio supone el principal soporte técnico de la Evaluación Impacto Ambiental (EIA. El manejo del programa por parte del usuario sigue un proceso conversacional, de tal modo que permite simular distintas hipótesis de trabajo (cambiar criterios, valoraciones, juicios, etc., obteniendo respuestas rápidas. Dicha posibilidad es de gran interés, dada la incertidumbre inherente a los estudios de impacto ambiental derivada de su carácter predictivo, de su complejidad y de la necesidad de incluir juicios de valor durante todo el proceso de elaboración, debido a que una de las formas más útiles de tratar la incertidumbre, consiste en hacer análisis de sensibilidad, es decir, analizar cómo cambian los resultados cuando se cambian las hipótesis de trabajo, lo cual sólo puede hacerse de manera eficaz cuando se dispone de una herramienta que permita obtener tales resultados con rapidez.

An investigation of radon mitigation in Pennsylvania

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Belanger, W.E.

1990-01-01

This paper reports that Radon mitigation contractors were contacted to obtain information on the progress of radon mitigation in Pennsylvania. Information was obtained on the beginning and ending radon concentrations, the cost of the job, the mitigation method used, and the location by zip code. Most radon mitigations achieved reductions below 90 percent, and most achieved 4 pCi/1. 65 percent achieved 2 pCi/1. There was little relationship between the cost of the job and either the percent reduction or the beginning radon. Percent reduction was strongly related to beginning radon, with lower percent reductions associated with low starting radon

Flood risk mitigation in Europe: how far away are we from the aspired forms of adaptive governance?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Fournier, Marie; Larrue, Corinne; Alexander, Meghan; Hegger, D.L.T.; bakker, marloes; Pettersson, Maria; Crabbé, Ann; Mees, Hannelore; Chorynski, Adam

2016-01-01

Flood mitigation is a strategy that is growing in importance across Europe. This growth corresponds with an increasing emphasis on the need to learn to live with floods and make space for water. Flood mitigation measures aim at reducing the likelihood and magnitude of flooding and complement flood

AGRICULTURIZACION E IMPACTOS AMBIENTALES EN EL PARTIDO DE NECOCHEA, PROVINCIA DE BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - AGRICULTURIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN NECOCHEA COUNTY, BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA

OpenAIRE

Patricia Vazquez; Laura Zulaica; Belen Benavidez

2017-01-01

El modelo actual de producción agropecuaria de la región pampeana argentina, ha mostrado una tendencia a la agriculturización, con un efecto directo sobre la dinámica de los agroecosistemas, generando impactos ambientales con consecuencias sobre la base de los recursos naturales. Tomando el partido de Necochea inserto en la región, esta investigación propone analizar los cambios en el uso del suelo en dicho Partido entre 2003-2011, mediante sensores remotos, y estimar los impactos ambientales...

Mitigating residential exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke

Science.gov (United States)

Klepeis, Neil E.; Nazaroff, William W.

In a companion paper, we used a simulation model to explore secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposures for typical conditions in residences. In the current paper, we extend this analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of physical mitigation approaches in reducing nonsmokers' exposure to airborne SHS particulate matter in a hypothetical 6-zone house. Measures investigated included closing doors or opening windows in response to smoking activity, modifying location patterns to segregate the nonsmoker and the active smoker, and operating particle filtration devices. We first performed 24 scripted simulation trials using hypothetical patterns of occupant location. We then performed cohort simulation trials across 25 mitigation scenarios using over 1000 pairs of nonsmoker and smoker time-location patterns that were selected from a survey of human activity patterns in US homes. We limited cohort pairs to cases where more than 10 cigarettes were smoked indoors at home each day and the nonsmoker was at home for more than two thirds of the day. We evaluated the effectiveness of each mitigation approach by examining its impact on the simulated frequency distribution of residential SHS particle exposure. The two most effective strategies were the isolation of the smoker in a closed room with an open window, and a ban on smoking whenever the nonsmoker was at home. The use of open windows to supply local or cross ventilation, or the operation of portable filtration devices in smoking rooms, provided moderate exposure reductions. Closed doors, by themselves, were not effective.

Un caso de estudio de impacto ambiental: el embalse de Vallfornés. Cataluña-España

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pinedo, Alejandro

1990-10-01

Full Text Available Environmental impact studies are used as a tool in project development to attain an adequate integration of the proposed activities in their environments so that adverse effects that are likely to affect the environmental quality can be avoided or reduced. The Vallfornés reservoir project case, whose main objective is storing water for irrigation, has al so the peculiarity of being located in the Montseny Natural Park (Catalonia, Spain thus needing not only a careful treatment of the projected works, but also the resolution of the unavoidable conflicts that can arise related to the Natural Park regulations. This paper focuses on the main aspects of the environmental Impact study of this reservoir project: Natural Park regulations that could affect the project, environmental characterization of the area, Identification, characterization and assessment of environmental impacts, and recommendations for reducing or avoiding impacts.

Los estudios de impacto ambiental surgen de la necesidad de proyectar las actividades de la forma más adecuada posible, que facilite su integración en el medio natural en que han de inscribirse para que su calidad no se vea afectada. El caso del embalse de Vallfornés, cuya finalidad principal es el abastecimiento de agua para regadío, presenta además la peculiaridad de afectar a terrenos Incluidos dentro del Parque Natural de Montseny, lo que obliga no sólo a un tratamiento cuidadoso de la obra, sino también a la resolución de conflictos inevitables con la normativa existente. En el presente artículo se pasa revista a los principales aspectos del estudio de impacto ambiental de dicho embalse: análisis de las implicaciones derivadas de su ubicación en terrenos del Parque Natural del Montseny, caracterización del medio afectado, identificación de las acciones productoras de impacto, caracterización y valoración de los mismos y recomendaciones respecto a la corrección de los impactos potenciales.

Social strategy games in communicating trade-offs between mitigation and adaptation in cities

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Juhola, Sirkku; Driscoll, Patrick Arthur; Suarez, Pablo

2013-01-01

and mitigation strategies and what kinds of negative and positive synergies can be identified between them. This paper explores how social games can help people to understand the trade-offs between mitigation and adaptation measures in an urban environment and examines the possibilities of using social gaming...... as a research method. Data was collected from Denmark, Finland and the US through organized gaming sessions. The conclusion of the study is that social games are a promising method to understand complex planning problems....

Impacto em cuidadores de idosos com demência atendidos em um serviço psicogeriátrico Impact on caregivers of elderly patients with dementia treated at a psychogeriatric service

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Regiane Garrido

2004-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: O número de idosos com demência no Brasil está crescendo rapidamente, e há carência de dados empíricos sobre o impacto em cuidadores informais. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o impacto sobre cuidadores informais de pacientes com síndrome demencial. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal foi conduzido em um serviço psicogeriátrico da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Entrevistas estruturadas e semi-estruturadas foram aplicadas em 49 idosos com demência e em seus cuidadores informais. O impacto em cuidadores foi avaliado com a Zarit Burden Interview. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes eram em sua maioria do sexo feminino, apresentavam escore médio no mini exame do estado mental de 12,2 e alta freqüência de transtornos de comportamento. Os cuidadores eram predominantemente mulheres, filhas ou esposas, e co-residiam com seus pacientes. A média de impacto foi de 32,4 (dp: 16,7. As variáveis estatisticamente associadas a níveis de impacto foram o grau de parentesco do cuidador com o paciente (p=0,011, sintomas psiquiátricos do cuidador (pOBJECTIVE: There is an increasingly number of demented elderly in Brazil but empirical data on the resulting impact on their informal caregivers is still poorly documented. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact on informal caregivers of elderly with dementia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a psychogeriatric unit in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Structured and semi-structured interviews were administered to 49 elderly patients with dementia and their caregivers. The impact on the caregiver was measured using the Zarit Burden Interview. RESULTS: Most patients were females, had an average score of 12.2 in the Mini Mental State Examination and high incidence of disruptive behavior. Caregivers were predominantly females, generally wives or daughters who lived with their patients. The mean impact score was 32.4 (SD 16.7. Variables statistically associated with the level of

Comprehensive assessments of measures mitigating heat island phenomena in urban areas; Heat shinku wo riyoshita daikibo reibo system no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishitani, H; Yamada, K; Yamaji, K; Matsuhashi, T; Iizuka, E; Suzuki, T; Genchi, H; Komiyama, H [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-02-01

This paper describes actual condition and measures against heat island (HI) phenomena in large urban areas with buildings. Tokyo was selected as a model. To extract typical pattern of daily change of air temperature, statistic analysis was conducted using the existing air temperature data at 100 points in and near the city of Tokyo. As a result, five patterns were obtained, i.e., central city, sea/land water affecting zone, thickly settled suburbs, garden city, and countryside. Each one point was selected in each pattern, to measure the underground temperature. It was found that the effect of HI can be easily evaluated from the underground temperature. It was suggested that the HI effect in the central city is estimated to be around 3.6 {degree}C. The measures mitigating HI were divided into the thermal balance improvement in the whole district and the temperature improvement of living space by homogenization or inhomogenization. Energy conservation was investigated for improving the thermal balance which can be practically conducted. According to the measures, it was found that the air temperature in the central city can be decreased by about 0.5 {degree}C at maximum. 3 figs., 1 tab.

El impacto social de League of Legends en Corea del Sur

OpenAIRE

García Callealta, Desiré

2016-01-01

Trabajo de Fin de Máster del Máster en Asia oriental - Estudios japoneses, curso 2015-2016 [ES] Este trabajo consiste en una breve descripción y revisión bibliográfica sobre la historia de los e-Sports y su desarrollo en Corea del Sur. Debido a que se trata del primer videojuego tipo MOBA totalmente gratis que ha alcanzado la máxima popularidad en todo el mundo, League of Legends será el e-Sport central de esta exposición, si bien el impacto social que ha causado en Corea del Sur, la segun...

ESTUDIO ELECTROCINÉTICO DE UN SUELO SOMETIDO A IMPACTO TÉRMICO

OpenAIRE

Vázquez, Mario V.; Hernández-Luis, Felipe; Ramírez, Carolina; D. Arbelo, Carmen

2010-01-01

En el presente trabajo se analizan algunos cambios producidos en las propiedades de un suelo sometido a impacto térmico. Para llevar a cabo este estudio se utiliza una técnica electrocinética basada en los mismos principios que la electrorremediación. El análisis se enfoca en la variación, durante el tratamiento, de la corriente de electrólisis y de la diferencia de potencial generada en el interior del suelo en una región cercana a la cámara de los electrodos. Los resultados obtenidos se exp...

Análisis de mapas causales de impactos del turismo residencial

OpenAIRE

ANTONIO ALEDO; HUGO GARCÍA; GUADALUPE ORTIZ

2010-01-01

Este artículo presenta la novedad metodológica de aplicar los programas informáticos de análisis de redes sociales (Ucinet® y Netdraw®) al análisis de mapas causales con la finalidad de mejorar los procesos de diagnóstico del turismo residencial a escala local. En concreto, esta propuesta metodológica se articula en los siguientes pasos: primero, la identificación de los impactos a escala local y la elaboración de sus mapas causales con la participación de actores locales relevantes; segundo,...

El salario emocional y su impacto en la cuenta de resultados

OpenAIRE

García Roldán, Tomás

2017-01-01

Trabajo Final de Máster que aborda la relación entre la gestión activa del salario emocional con el impacto en los resultados financieros de la compañía. También se analiza su implicación con otros factores que redundan en una mejor cuenta de resultados como es la posición como employer branding (atracción y fidelización del talento y, por tanto, del conocimiento tácito), la cultura organizativa o la función de responsabilidad social que trae consigo el salario emocional. Se incluye una encue...

Propuesta de un plan de mercadeo para el Gimnasio Impacto Total

OpenAIRE

Rojas Salazar, Manuel Emilio

2009-01-01

Tesis de maestría -- Universidad de Costa Rica. Posgrado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas. Maestría Profesional en Administración y Dirección de Empresas, 2009 El Gimnasio Impacto Total es una micro empresa dedicada a brindar sus servicios en el cantón de Atenas, de nuestro país, donde participa en un mercado bastante competitivo. El gimnasio tiene poco más de un año de haber abierto sus puertas, sin embargo, posee una participación importante en dicho mercado. El presente trabajo...

Climate Change And Mitigation Measures For The Hydrometerological Disaster In Himachal Pradesh India- In Light Of Dams.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vinay K. Pandey

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Continuing climate change is predicted to lead to major changes in the climate of the Himalayan region. Casualties and damage due to hazards in mountain regions will increase irrespective of global warming especially where populations are growing and infrastructure is developed at exposed locations. But climate change will definitely increase risk due to the fact that expected increases of heavy rainfall heat waves and glacier melt will amplify hazards in Himalayan region. The rapid release of melt water and rainfall may combine to trigger debris flows and flash flood in higher ranges including the formation of potentially dangerous lakes. These lakes may breach suddenly resulting in discharge of huge volume of water and debris. Himachal Pradesh had experienced a large number of incidences of Hydro-meteorological disaster HMD since its inception in 1971. Flash flood of March 1975 Dec 1988 Satluj flash flood of August 2000 July 2001 June 2005 Flash flood of July 2005 and Cloud burst in June 2013 are the major natural calamities in Himachal Pradesh. Due to continuous HMD brought heavy toll to the state as the loss was estimated in several thousand millions of rupees and also killed several hundreds of people besides large number of cattle heads. Through this paper we carried out a comprehensive study of past HMD and mitigation measures solution and concluded that these disaster are by their nature difficult to predict and control but it is possible to reduce the risk to lives and property through develop mitigation strategy and plan to construct damsbarrages with awareness and knowledge among local communities about the impacts of global warming natural disaster and the threat to the ecosystem communities and infrastructure are generally inadequate.

Effective mitigation of debris flows at Lemon Dam, La Plata County, Colorado

Science.gov (United States)

deWolfe, V.G.; Santi, P.M.; Ey, J.; Gartner, J.E.

2008-01-01

To reduce the hazards from debris flows in drainage basins burned by wildfire, erosion control measures such as construction of check dams, installation of log erosion barriers (LEBs), and spreading of straw mulch and seed are common practice. After the 2002 Missionary Ridge Fire in southwest Colorado, these measures were implemented at Knight Canyon above Lemon Dam to protect the intake structures of the dam from being filled with sediment. Hillslope erosion protection measures included LEBs at concentrations of 220-620/ha (200-600% of typical densities), straw mulch was hand spread at concentrations up to 5.6??metric tons/hectare (125% of typical densities), and seeds were hand spread at 67-84??kg/ha (150% of typical values). The mulch was carefully crimped into the soil to keep it in place. In addition, 13 check dams and 3 debris racks were installed in the main drainage channel of the basin. The technical literature shows that each mitigation method working alone, or improperly constructed or applied, was inconsistent in its ability to reduce erosion and sedimentation. At Lemon Dam, however, these methods were effective in virtually eliminating sedimentation into the reservoir, which can be attributed to a number of factors: the density of application of each mitigation method, the enhancement of methods working in concert, the quality of installation, and rehabilitation of mitigation features to extend their useful life. The check dams effectively trapped the sediment mobilized during rainstorms, and only a few cubic meters of debris traveled downchannel, where it was intercepted by debris racks. Using a debris volume-prediction model developed for use in burned basins in the Western U.S., recorded rainfall events following the Missionary Ridge Fire should have produced a debris flow of approximately 10,000??m3 at Knight Canyon. The mitigation measures, therefore, reduced the debris volume by several orders of magnitude. For comparison, rainstorm

Impactos socioeconômicos do cultivo de camarão marinho em municípios selecionados do Nordeste brasileiro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yony Sampaio

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, analisa-se o impacto do camarão marinho cultivado sobre a economia de dez municípios selecionados do Nordeste brasileiro. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido o modelo da economia municipal e são usadas matrizes de insumo-produto para calcular os impactos indiretos e induzidos. São calculados os impactos diretos, indiretos e induzidos sobre o emprego, sobre a renda municipal e sobre a arrecadação municipal. Constata-se que há grande contribuição para a expansão do emprego municipal, principalmente do emprego formal. Os impactos indiretos e induzidos são reduzidos, uma vez que os desdobramentos da atividade se interligam com municípios maiores e outros estados e regiões. Os impactos sobre a renda podem ser de grande magnitude nos municípios menores. De modo geral, a renda gerada representa parcela substancial do PIB municipal. Quanto à arrecadação, a contribuição para o aumento da receita tributária é pequena, mas a contribuição, via valor agregado e exportações, para as transferências da cota-parte do ICMS e compensatória da isenção das exportações é substancial. Em conseqüência, pode-se concluir que a carcinicultura, nos municípios analisados, contribui para a elevação e a estabilidade do emprego, para a elevação e a estabilidade da renda, para a elevação da receita municipal e para a melhoria das condições de vida.This paper analyses the impact of farmed shrimp on the economy of ten municipalities in the Northeast of Brazil. A model of the municipal economy is developed and input-output tables are used to estimate indirect and induced impacts on job, income and municipal finances. It is concluded that farmed shrimp has a sizable contribution to job increases, in particular formal employment. Indirect and induced impacts are reduced because of spillovers to larger municipalities and other states. Income impacts can be sizable in particular in small counties. In general, the generated income

Mitigation of two pyrethroid insecticides in a Mississippi Delta constructed wetland.

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, M T; Cooper, C M; Smith, S; Cullum, R F; Knight, S S; Locke, M A; Bennett, E R

2009-01-01

Constructed wetlands are a suggested best management practice to help mitigate agricultural runoff before entering receiving aquatic ecosystems. A constructed wetland system (180 m x 30 m), comprising a sediment retention basin and two treatment cells, was used to determine the fate and transport of simulated runoff containing the pyrethroid insecticides lambda-cyhalothrin and cyfluthrin, as well as suspended sediment. Wetland water, sediment, and plant samples were collected spatially and temporally over 55 d. Results showed 49 and 76% of the study's measured lambda-cyhalothrin and cyfluthrin masses were associated with vegetation, respectively. Based on conservative effects concentrations for invertebrates and regression analyses of maximum observed wetland aqueous concentrations, a wetland length of 215 m x 30 m width would be required to adequately mitigate 1% pesticide runoff from a 14 ha contributing area. Results of this experiment can be used to model future design specifications for constructed wetland mitigation of pyrethroid insecticides.

Urban Policies and Earthquake Risk Mitigation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sarlo, Antonella

2008-01-01

consequence, the opportunity to promote an approach to the theme of mitigation policies realized through strategic principles and systemic logics able to shift the problem from the building to the town. The critical aspects of this theme are tied to three main issues:- The sharing of the way of interpreting town planning,- The integration of multiple objectives in one intervention tool,- The measures which can be adopted for an effective prevention policy.The above-mentioned elements have inspired these researches experimented on Calabrian towns.In particular, in this paper the experience carried out on Reggio Calabria is proposed. Its cultural roots derive from the principles and criteria experimented in small Calabrian towns, but it modifies them according to the complexity of the urban settlement, introducing also some experimental concepts and methodological approaches

Can re-regulation reservoirs and batteries cost-effectively mitigate sub-daily hydropeaking?

Science.gov (United States)

Haas, J.; Nowak, W.; Anindito, Y.; Olivares, M. A.

2017-12-01

To compensate for mismatches between generation and load, hydropower plants frequently operate in strong hydropeaking schemes, which is harmful to the downstream ecosystem. Furthermore, new power market structures and variable renewable systems may exacerbate this behavior. Ecological constraints (minimum flows, maximum ramps) are frequently used to mitigate hydropeaking, but these stand in direct tradeoff with the operational flexibility required for integrating renewable technologies. Fortunately, there are also physical methods (i.e. re-regulation reservoirs and batteries) but to date, there are no studies about their cost-effectiveness for hydropeaking mitigation. This study aims to fill that gap. For this, we formulate an hourly mixed-integer linear optimization model to plan the weekly operation of a hydro-thermal-renewable power system from southern Chile. The opportunity cost of water (needed for this weekly scheduling) is obtained from a mid-term programming solved with dynamic programming. We compare the current (unconstrained) hydropower operation with an ecologically constrained operation. The resulting cost increase is then contrasted with the annual payments necessary for the physical hydropeaking mitigation options. For highly constrained operations, both re-regulation reservoirs and batteries show to be economically attractive for hydropeaking mitigation. For intermediate constrained scenarios, re-regulation reservoirs are still economic, whereas batteries can be a viable solution only if they become cheaper in future. Given current cost projections, their break-even point (for hydropeaking mitigation) is expected within the next ten years. Finally, less stringent hydropeaking constraints do not justify physical mitigation measures, as the necessary flexibility can be provided by other power plants of the system.

EL IMPACTO ECONOMICO-SOCIAL DEL REFUGIADO CENTROAMERICANO EN COSTA RICA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María de los Angeles Zúñiga

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Históricamente, cada continente, región o país se caracteriza en un momento dado por determinadas circunstancias que afectan la dinámica de esa sociedad, en una o todas las dimensiones económicas, políticas y sociales de ese conjunto. En este sentido, América Latina, en general, y Centro América, en particular, se caracterizan por una serie de conflictos políticos y una crisis económica y social, reflejada en casi todas las economías de la región. Una de las manifestaciones más importantes de esta etapa es la afluencia de un fuerte contingente de migrantes a otros países, en busca de mejores condiciones económicas, políticas, sociales, que le ofrezcan una cierta estabilidad y protección temporal o permanente.El fenómeno migratorio entendido como el desplazamiento de seres humanos de un territorio a otro, continúa siendo muy importante a pesar de su antigüedad, por el impacto global que implica su ocurrencia en una sociedad. Particularmente, dentro de esta corriente migratoria constante, debe destacarse el desplazamiento de grandes grupos de población, cuya motivación principal ha sido la guerra, la persecución ideológica y los trastornos civiles. Estas corrientes están constituidas por personas conocidas como "refugiados o exiliados". En los primeros 80 años de este siglo, más de cien millones de personas han tenido que desarraigarse de su hogar para salir en busca de una nueva patria. Es por eso que a esta temática y sobre todo el análisis de su impacto ha interesado a los científicos sociales y por ende a los investigadores del IDESPO.

Current-use pesticides in stream water and suspended particles following runoff: exposure, effects, and mitigation requirements.

Science.gov (United States)

Bereswill, Renja; Streloke, Martin; Schulz, Ralf

2013-06-01

The European Union's directive for sustainable use of pesticides requires implementing risk mitigation measures at streams threatened by pesticide entries. The need for mitigation measures was investigated at 10 stream sites within an intensively used arable region in central Germany by characterizing pesticide exposure following edge-of-field runoff and effects on the aquatic macroinvertebrates. Moreover, the influence of riparian buffer strip width (as a mitigation measure) at the sampling sites was considered. Generally, invertebrate fauna was dominated by pesticide-tolerant species, suggesting a high pesticide exposure at almost all sites. This result is also reflected by the elevated levels of suspended particle contamination in terms of toxic units (logTUMax  > -2), corresponding to one-hundredth of the median lethal concentration (LC50) to Daphnia magna. At two sites that received high aqueous-phase entries of the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin (logTUMax  > -0.6), the abundance and number of sensitive species in terms of the species at risk index decreased during the pesticide application period. In contrast, no acute significant negative effects on macroinvertebrates were observed at sites characterised by low water-phase toxicity (logTUMax  < -3.5). An influence of riparian buffer strip width on pesticide exposure was not observed, supposedly because of the presence of erosion rills and ephemeral ditches. In conclusion, results show that mitigation measures (such as the improvement of currently present riparian buffer strips) are needed in the study area. Copyright © 2013 SETAC.

44 CFR 78.6 - Flood Mitigation Plan approval process.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Flood Mitigation Plan..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY INSURANCE AND HAZARD MITIGATION National Flood Insurance Program FLOOD MITIGATION ASSISTANCE § 78.6 Flood Mitigation Plan approval process. The State POC will forward all Flood...

El impacto de la crisis en la manipulación contable

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Ignacio Jarne Jarne

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Basándonos en los grupos cotizados en el mercado español, el presente trabajo aporta evidencia empírica sobre el impacto de la crisis en las prácticas de earnings management.Utilizamos los ajustes por devengo discrecionales como medida de manipulación. Los resultados obtenidos constatan que la calidad de la información financiera se ve afectada en periodos de crisis, ya que ponen de manifiesto que la manipulación al alza del resultado vía ajustes por devengo discrecionales se ha visto incrementada ante las dificultades económicas y financieras. Esto es debido no a la crisis en sí misma, sino a que la crisis ha reforzado la importancia de algunos incentivos para manipular, como es el endeudamiento.The study analyses the impact of the crisis on the earnings management by listed companies on Spanish stock market. We use discretionary accruals as a measure of earnings management. The results show that earnings-increasing discretionary accruals have increased during the crisis, confirming that crisis periods affect to financial reporting quality. This is not due to crisis as such, but the crisis has strengthened some incentives to manage earnings, such us the indebtedness.

Mitigation win-win

Science.gov (United States)

Moran, Dominic; Lucas, Amanda; Barnes, Andrew

2013-07-01

Win-win messages regarding climate change mitigation policies in agriculture tend to oversimplify farmer motivation. Contributions from psychology, cultural evolution and behavioural economics should help to design more effective policy.

Computation of electron cloud diagnostics and mitigation in the main injector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Veitzer, S A; Cary, J R; Stoltz, P H; LeBrun, P; Spentzouris, P; Amundson, J F

2009-01-01

High-performance computations on Blue Gene/P at Argonne's Leadership Computing Facility have been used to determine phase shifts induced in injected RF diagnostics as a function of electron cloud density in the Main Injector. Inversion of the relationship between electron cloud parameters and induced phase shifts allows us to predict electron cloud density and evolution over many bunch periods. Long time-scale simulations using Blue Gene have allowed us to measure cloud evolution patterns under the influence of beam propagation with realistic physical parameterizations, such as elliptical beam pipe geometry, self-consistent electromagnetic fields, space charge, secondary electron emission, and the application of arbitrary external magnetic fields. Simultaneously, we are able to simulate the use of injected microwave diagnostic signals to measure electron cloud density, and the effectiveness of various mitigation techniques such as surface coating and the application of confining magnetic fields. These simulations provide a baseline for both RF electron cloud diagnostic design and accelerator fabrication in order to measure electron clouds and mitigate the adverse effects of such clouds on beam propagation.

Evaluacion de la deforestacion y sus impactos ambientales: provincia de Padre Abad

OpenAIRE

Meza Arquiñigo, Carlos; Diaz Encinas, Alida Isidora

2014-01-01

El estudio está orientado a evaluar los problemas de la deforestación, mediante la aplicación del Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG), que viene impactando en el medio ambiente, con el propósito de mostrar las áreas críticas para un mejor ordenamiento espacial y manejo de los recursos; en tal sentido, nos trazamos los siguientes objetivos: estudiar y analizar la deforestacion y el cambio en el medio con la finalidad de interpretar los impactos ambientales que está ocasionando en la provin...

O Impacto do project finance nas empresas portuguesas no setor têxtil

OpenAIRE

Ribeiro, Sónia Patrícia dos Santos

2012-01-01

Dissertação para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Contabilidade e Finanças Orientador: Mestre Adalmiro Álvaro Malheiro de Castro Andrade Pereira A presente dissertação desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado em Contabilidade e Finanças pretende analisar o impacto do Project Finance nas empresas portuguesas no setor têxtil. O Project Finance é uma forma de financiamento de projetos inovadora, muito utilizada nos Estados Unidos e na Europa e que se aplica essencialmente a projetos de grande esc...

Impacto da infertilidade no funcionamento e satisfação sexual feminina

OpenAIRE

Conde, Pedro João Casado, 1978-

2012-01-01

Tese de mestrado, Sexualidade Humana, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2013 A infertilidade é definida como a incapacidade de engravidar após um ano de relacionamento sexual regular e desprotegido. É um problema que afecta 10 a 15 % dos casais. Os desafios físicos, psicológicos e financeiros colocados pela infertilidade podem causar um impacto negativo na sexualidade. A expressão sexual do casal infértil pode ficar fragilizada, reduzida a algo de mecânico e forçado. A mulher...

La cultura nacional y su impacto en los negocios: el caso chileno