Pion, kaon, proton and anti-proton transverse momentum distributions from p+p and d+Au collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adams, J.; Adler, C.; Aggarwal, M.M.; Ahammed, Z.; Amonett, J.; Anderson, B.D.; Anderson, M; Arkhipkin, D.; Averichev, G.S.; Badyal, S.K.; Balewski, J.; Barannikova, O.; Barnby, L.S.; Baudot, J.; Bekele, S.; Belaga, V.V.; Bellwied, R.; Berger, J.; Bezverkhny, B.I.; Bhardwaj, S.; Bhaskar, P.; Bhati, A.K.; Bichsel, H.; Billmeier, A.; Bland, L.C.; Blyth, C.O.; Bonner, B.E.; Botje, M.; Boucham, A.; Brandin, A.; Bravar, A.; Cadman, R.V.; Cai, X.Z.; Caines, H.; Calderon de la Barca Sanchez, M.; Carroll, J.; Castillo, J.; Castro, M.; Cebra, D.; Chaloupka, P.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, H.F.; Chen, Y.; Chernenko, S.P.; Cherney, M.; Chikanian, A.; Choi, B.; Christie, W.; Coffin, J.P.; Cormier, T.M.; Cramer, J.G.; Crawford, H.J.; Das, D.; Das, S.; Derevschikov, A.A.; Didenko, L.; Dietel, T.; Dong, X.; Draper, J.E.; Du, F.; Dubey, A.K.; Dunin, V.B.; Dunlop, J.C.; Dutta Majumdar, M.R.; Eckardt, V.; Efimov, L.G.; Emelianov, V.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Fachini, P.; Faine, V.; Faivre, J.; Fatemi, R.; Filimonov, K.; Filip, P.; Finch, E.; Fisyak, Y.; Flierl, D.; Foley, K.J.; Fu, J.; Gagliardi, C.A.; Ganti, M.S.; Gutierrez, T.D.; Gagunashvili, N.; Gans, J.; Gaudichet, L.; Germain, M.; Geurts, F.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Ghosh, P.; Gonzalez, J.E.; Grachov, O.; Grigoriev, V.; Cronstal, S.; Grosnick, D.; Guedon, M.; Guertin, S.M.; Gupta, A.; Gushin, E.; Hallman, T.J.; Hardtke, D.; Harris, J.W.; Heinz, M.; Henry, T.W.; Heppelmann, S.; Herston, T.; Hippolyte, B.; Hirsch, A.; Hjort, E.; Hoffmann, G.W.; Horsley, M.; Huang, H.Z.; Huang, S.L.; Humanic, T.J.; Igo, G.; Ishihara, A.; Jacobs, P.; Jacobs, W.W.; Janik, M.; Johnson, I.; Jones, P.G.; Judd, E.G.; Kabana, S.; Kaneta, M.; Kaplan, M.; Keane, D.; Kiryluk, J.; Kisiel, A.; Klay, J.; Klein, S.R.; Klyachko, A.; Koetke, D.D.; Kollegger, T.; Konstantinov, A.S.; Kopytine, S.M.; Kotchenda, L.; Kovalenko, A.D.; Kramer, M.; Kravtsov, P.; Krueger, K.; Kuhn, C.; Kulikov, A.I.; Kumar, A.

2003-01-01

Identified mid-rapidity particle spectra of π ± , K ± , and p((bar p)) from 200 GeV p+p and d+Au collisions are reported. A time-of-flight detector based on multi-gap resistive plate chamber technology is used for particle identification. The particle-species dependence of the Cronin effect is observed to be significantly smaller than that at lower energies. The ratio of the nuclear modification factor (R dAu ) between (p+ (bar p)) and charged hadrons (h) in the transverse momentum range 1.2 T < 3.0 GeV/c is measured to be 1.19 ± 0.05(stat) ± 0.03(syst) in minimum-bias collisions and shows little centrality dependence. The yield ratio of (p + (bar p))/h in minimum-bias d+Au collisions is found to be a factor of 2 lower than that in Au+Au collisions, indicating that the Cronin effect alone is not enough to account for the relative baryon enhancement observed in heavy ion collisions at RHIC

D-meson production in d+Au process using a perturbative approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gay Ducati, M.B.; Goncalves, V.P.; Mackedanz, L.F.

2005-01-01

The D-meson production at forward rapidities in d+Au processes is calculated using a pQCD based model, assuming that this treatment could be used as a baseline for distinct dynamical and medium effects. It is analysed how the nuclear effects in the nuclear partonic distributions may affect this process at RHIC and LHC energies. An enhancement in the moderate q T region for RHIC, due to antishadowing in the nuclear medium, is found. Our prediction for LHC suggests that shadowing will suppress the D-meson spectra for q T <14 GeV

Single and double inclusive particle production in d+Au collisions at RHIC, leading twist and beyond

CERN Document Server

Albacete, Javier L

2011-01-01

We discuss the evidence for the presence of QCD saturation effects in the data collected in d+Au collisions at RHIC. In particular we focus our analysis on forward hadron yields and azimuthal correlations. Approaches alternative to the CGC description of these two observables are discussed in parallel.

Pseudorapidity Asymmetry and Centrality Dependence of Charged Hadron Spectra in d+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adams, J.; Aggarwal, M.M.; Ahammed, Z.; Amonett, J.; Anderson, B.D.; Arkhipkin, D.; Averichev, G.S.; Badyal, S.K.; Bai, Y.; Balewski, J.; Barannikova, O.; Barnby, L.S.; Baudot, J.; Bekele, S.; Belaga, V.V.; Bellwied, R.; Berger, J.; Bezverkhny, B.I.; Bharadwaj, S.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A.K.; Bhatia, V.S.; Bichsel, H.; Billmeier, A.; Bland, L.C.; Blyth, C.O.; Bonner, B.E.; Botje, M.; Boucham, A.; Brandin, A.V.; Bravar, A.; Bystersky, M.; Cadman, R.V.; Cai, X.Z.; Caines, H.; Calderon de la Barca Sanchez, M.; Castillo, J.; Cebra, D.; Chajecki, Z.; Chaloupka, P.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, H.F.; Chen, Y.; Cheng, J.; Cherney, M.; Chikanian, A.; Christie, W.; Coffin, J.P.; Cormier, T.M.; Cramer, J.G.; Crawford, H.J.; Das, D.; Das, S.; Moura, M.M. de; Derevschikov, A.A.; Didenko, L.; Dietel, T.; Dogra, S.M.; Dong, W.J.; Dong, X.; Draper, J.E.; Du, F.; Dubey, A.K.; Dunin, V.B.; Dunlop, J.C.; Dutta Mazumdar, M.R.; Eckardt, V.; Edwards, W.R.; Efimov, L.G.; Emelianov, V.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Fachini, P.; Faivre, J.; Fatemi, R.; Fedorisin, J.; Filimonov, K.; Filip, P.; Finch, E.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Fomenko, K.; Fu, J.; Gagliardi, C.A.; Gaillard, L.; Gans, J.; Ganti, M.S.; Gaudichet, L.; Geurts, F.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Ghosh, P.; Gonzalez, J.E.; Grachov, O.; Grebenyuk, O.; Grosnick, D.; Guertin, S.M.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, A.; Gutierrez, T.D.; Hallman, T.J.; Hamed, A.; Hardtke, D.; Harris, J.W.; Heinz, M.; Henry, T.W.; Hepplemann, S.; Hippolyte, B.; Hirsch, A.; Hjort, E.; Hoffmann, G.W.; Huang, H.Z.; Huang, S.L.; Hughes, E.W.; Humanic, T.J.; Igo, G.; Ishihara, A.; Jacobs, P.; Jacobs, W.W.; Janik, M.; Jiang, H.; Jones, P.G.; Judd, E.G.; Kabana, S.; Kang, K.; Kaplan, M.; Keane, D.; Khodyrev, V.Yu.; Kiryluk, J.; Kisiel, A.; Kislov, E.M.; Klay, J.; Klein, S.R.; Koetke, D.D.; Kollegger, T.; Kopytine, M.; Kotchenda, L.; Kramer, M.; Kravtsov, P.; Kravtsov, V.I.; Krueger, K.; Kuhn, C.; Kulikov, A.I.; Kumar, A.; Kutuev, R.Kh.

2005-01-01

The pseudorapidity asymmetry and centrality dependence of charged hadron spectra in d+Au collisions at √s NN = 200 GeV are presented. The charged particle density at mid-rapidity, its pseudorapidity asymmetry and centrality dependence are reasonably reproduced by a Multi-Phase Transport model, by HIJING, and by the latest calculations in a saturation model. Ratios of transverse momentum spectra between backward and forward pseudorapidity are above unity for p T below 5 GeV/c. The ratio of central to peripheral spectra in d+Au collisions shows enhancement at 2 T < 6 GeV/c, with a larger effect at backward rapidity than forward rapidity. Our measurements are in qualitative agreement with gluon saturation and in contrast to calculations based on incoherent multiple partonic scatterings

Time-of-flight data acquisition unit (DAU) for neutron scattering experiments. Specification of the requirements and design concept. Version 3.1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Herdam, G.; Klessmann, H.; Wawer, W.; Adebayo, J.; David, G.; Szatmari, F.

1989-12-01

This specification describes the requirements for the Data Acquisition Unit (DAU) and defines the design concept for the functional units involved. The Data Acquisition Unit will be used in the following neutron scattering experiments: Time-of-Flight Spectrometer NEAT, Time-of-Flight Spectrometer SPAN. In addition, the data of the SPAN spectrometer in Spin Echo experiments will be accumulated. The Data Acquisition Unit can be characterised by the following requirements: Time-of-flight measurement with high time resolution (125 ns), sorting the time-of-flight in up to 4096 time channels (channel width ≥ 1 μs), selection of different time channel widths for peak and background, on-line time-of-flight correction for neutron flight paths of different lengths, sorting the detector position information in up to 4096 position channels, accumulation of two-dimensional spectra in a 32 Mbyte RAM memory (4 K time channels*4 K position channels*16 bits). Because of the stringent timing requirements the functional units of the DAU are hardware controlled via tables. The DAU is part of a process control system which has access to the functional units via the VMEbus in order to initialise, to load tables and control information, and to read status information and spectra. (orig.) With 18 figs

Di-hadron correlations with identified leading hadrons in 200 GeV Au+Au and d+Au collisions at STAR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. Adamczyk

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The STAR Collaboration presents for the first time two-dimensional di-hadron correlations with identified leading hadrons in 200 GeV central Au+Au and minimum-bias d+Au collisions to explore hadronization mechanisms in the quark gluon plasma. The enhancement of the jet-like yield for leading pions in Au+Au data with respect to the d+Au reference and the absence of such an enhancement for leading non-pions (protons and kaons are discussed within the context of a quark recombination scenario. The correlated yield at large angles, specifically in the ridge region, is found to be significantly higher for leading non-pions than pions. The consistencies of the constituent quark scaling, azimuthal harmonic model and a mini-jet modification model description of the data are tested, providing further constraints on hadronization.

Suppression of back-to-back hadron pairs at forward rapidity in d+Au collisions at √s(NN)=200 GeV.

Science.gov (United States)

Adare, A; Afanasiev, S; Aidala, C; Ajitanand, N N; Akiba, Y; Al-Bataineh, H; Alexander, J; Angerami, A; Aoki, K; Apadula, N; Aramaki, Y; Atomssa, E T; Averbeck, R; Awes, T C; Azmoun, B; Babintsev, V; Bai, M; Baksay, G; Baksay, L; Barish, K N; Bassalleck, B; Basye, A T; Bathe, S; Baublis, V; Baumann, C; Bazilevsky, A; Belikov, S; Belmont, R; Bennett, R; Berdnikov, A; Berdnikov, Y; Bhom, J H; Blau, D S; Bok, J S; Boyle, K; Brooks, M L; Buesching, H; Bumazhnov, V; Bunce, G; Butsyk, S; Campbell, S; Caringi, A; Chen, C-H; Chi, C Y; Chiu, M; Choi, I J; Choi, J B; Choudhury, R K; Christiansen, P; Chujo, T; Chung, P; Chvala, O; Cianciolo, V; Citron, Z; Cole, B A; Conesa del Valle, Z; Connors, M; Csanád, M; Csörgo, T; Dahms, T; Dairaku, S; Danchev, I; Das, K; Datta, A; David, G; Dayananda, M K; Denisov, A; Deshpande, A; Desmond, E J; Dharmawardane, K V; Dietzsch, O; Dion, A; Donadelli, M; Drapier, O; Drees, A; Drees, K A; Durham, J M; Durum, A; Dutta, D; D'Orazio, L; Edwards, S; Efremenko, Y V; Ellinghaus, F; Engelmore, T; Enokizono, A; En'yo, H; Esumi, S; Fadem, B; Fields, D E; Finger, M; Finger, M; Fleuret, F; Fokin, S L; Fraenkel, Z; Frantz, J E; Franz, A; Frawley, A D; Fujiwara, K; Fukao, Y; Fusayasu, T; Garishvili, I; Glenn, A; Gong, H; Gonin, M; Goto, Y; Granier de Cassagnac, R; Grau, N; Greene, S V; Grim, G; Grosse Perdekamp, M; Gunji, T; Gustafsson, H-Å; Haggerty, J S; Hahn, K I; Hamagaki, H; Hamblen, J; Han, R; Hanks, J; Haslum, E; Hayano, R; He, X; Heffner, M; Hemmick, T K; Hester, T; Hill, J C; Hohlmann, M; Holzmann, W; Homma, K; Hong, B; Horaguchi, T; Hornback, D; Huang, S; Ichihara, T; Ichimiya, R; Ikeda, Y; Imai, K; Inaba, M; Isenhower, D; Ishihara, M; Issah, M; Isupov, A; Ivanischev, D; Iwanaga, Y; Jacak, B V; Jia, J; Jiang, X; Jin, J; Johnson, B M; Jones, T; Joo, K S; Jouan, D; Jumper, D S; Kajihara, F; Kamin, J; Kang, J H; Kapustinsky, J; Karatsu, K; Kasai, M; Kawall, D; Kawashima, M; Kazantsev, A V; Kempel, T; Khanzadeev, A; Kijima, K M; Kikuchi, J; Kim, A; Kim, B I; Kim, D J; Kim, E J; Kim, Y-J; Kinney, E; Kiss, Á; Kistenev, E; Kochenda, L; Komkov, B; Konno, M; Koster, J; Král, A; Kravitz, A; Kunde, G J; Kurita, K; Kurosawa, M; Kwon, Y; Kyle, G S; Lacey, R; Lai, Y S; Lajoie, J G; Lebedev, A; Lee, D M; Lee, J; Lee, K B; Lee, K S; Leitch, M J; Leite, M A L; Li, X; Lichtenwalner, P; Liebing, P; Linden Levy, L A; Liška, T; Litvinenko, A; Liu, H; Liu, M X; Love, B; Lynch, D; Maguire, C F; Makdisi, Y I; Malakhov, A; Malik, M D; Manko, V I; Mannel, E; Mao, Y; Masui, H; Matathias, F; McCumber, M; McGaughey, P L; Means, N; Meredith, B; Miake, Y; Mibe, T; Mignerey, A C; Miki, K; Milov, A; Mitchell, J T; Mohanty, A K; Moon, H J; Morino, Y; Morreale, A; Morrison, D P; Moukhanova, T V; Murakami, T; Murata, J; Nagamiya, S; Nagle, J L; Naglis, M; Nagy, M I; Nakagawa, I; Nakamiya, Y; Nakamura, K R; Nakamura, T; Nakano, K; Nam, S; Newby, J; Nguyen, M; Nihashi, M; Nouicer, R; Nyanin, A S; Oakley, C; O'Brien, E; Oda, S X; Ogilvie, C A; Oka, M; Okada, K; Onuki, Y; Oskarsson, A; Ouchida, M; Ozawa, K; Pak, R; Pantuev, V; Papavassiliou, V; Park, I H; Park, S K; Park, W J; Pate, S F; Pei, H; Peng, J-C; Pereira, H; Peresedov, V; Peressounko, D Yu; Petti, R; Pinkenburg, C; Pisani, R P; Proissl, M; Purschke, M L; Qu, H; Rak, J; Ravinovich, I; Read, K F; Reygers, K; Riabov, V; Riabov, Y; Richardson, E; Roach, D; Roche, G; Rolnick, S D; Rosati, M; Rosen, C A; Rosendahl, S S E; Rukoyatkin, P; Ružička, P; Sahlmueller, B; Saito, N; Sakaguchi, T; Sakashita, K; Samsonov, V; Sano, S; Sato, T; Sawada, S; Sedgwick, K; Seele, J; Seidl, R; Seto, R; Sharma, D; Shein, I; Shibata, T-A; Shigaki, K; Shimomura, M; Shoji, K; Shukla, P; Sickles, A; Silva, C L; Silvermyr, D; Silvestre, C; Sim, K S; Singh, B K; Singh, C P; Singh, V; Slunečka, M; Soltz, R A; Sondheim, W E; Sorensen, S P; Sourikova, I V; Stankus, P W; Stenlund, E; Stoll, S P; Sugitate, T; Sukhanov, A; Sziklai, J; Takagui, E M; Taketani, A; Tanabe, R; Tanaka, Y; Taneja, S; Tanida, K; Tannenbaum, M J; Tarafdar, S; Taranenko, A; Themann, H; Thomas, D; Thomas, T L; Togawa, M; Toia, A; Tomášek, L; Torii, H; Towell, R S; Tserruya, I; Tsuchimoto, Y; Vale, C; Valle, H; van Hecke, H W; Vazquez-Zambrano, E; Veicht, A; Velkovska, J; Vértesi, R; Virius, M; Vrba, V; Vznuzdaev, E; Wang, X R; Watanabe, D; Watanabe, K; Watanabe, Y; Wei, F; Wei, R; Wessels, J; White, S N; Winter, D; Woody, C L; Wright, R M; Wysocki, M; Yamaguchi, Y L; Yamaura, K; Yang, R; Yanovich, A; Ying, J; Yokkaichi, S; You, Z; Young, G R; Younus, I; Yushmanov, I E; Zajc, W A; Zhou, S; Zolin, L

2011-10-21

Back-to-back hadron pair yields in d+Au and p+p collisions at √s(NN)=200 GeV were measured with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Rapidity separated hadron pairs were detected with the trigger hadron at pseudorapidity |η|back-to-back hadron pairs in d+Au collisions with small impact parameters is observed to be suppressed by a factor of 10 relative to p+p collisions. The kinematics of these pairs is expected to probe partons in the Au nucleus with a low fraction x of the nucleon momenta, where the gluon densities rise sharply. The observed suppression as a function of nuclear thickness, p(T), and η points to cold nuclear matter effects arising at high parton densities. © 2011 American Physical Society

Rapidity and species dependence of particle production at large transverse momentum for d+Au collisions at √ SNN = 200 GeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abelev, B.I.; Adams, J.; Aggarwal, M.M.; Ahammed, Z.; Amonett, J.; Anderson, B.D.; Anderson, M.; Arkhipkin, D.; Averichev, G.S.; Bai, Y.; Balewski, J.; Barannikova, O.; Barnby, L.S.; Baudot, J.; Bekele, S.; Belaga, V.V.; Bellingeri-Laurikainen, A.; Bellwied, R.; Benedosso, F.; Bhardwaj, S.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A.K.; Bichsel, H.; Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Bland, L.C.; Blyth, S.-L.; Bonner, B.E.; Botje, M.; Bouchet, J.; Brandin, A.V.; Bravar, A.; Bystersky, M.; Cadman, R.V.; Cai, X.Z.; Caines, H.; Calderon de la Barca Sanchez, M.; Castillo, J.; Catu, O.; Cebra, D.; Chajecki, Z.; Chaloupka, P.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, H.F.; Chen, J.H.; Cheng, J.; Cherney, M.; Chikanian, A.; Christie, W.; Coffin, J.P.; Cormier, T.M.; Cosentino, M.R.; Cramer, J.G.; Crawford, H.J.; Das, D.; Das, S.; Daugherity, M.; de Moura, M.M.; Dedovich, T.G.; DePhillips, M.; Derevschikov, A.A.; Didenko, L.; Dietel, T.; Djawotho, P.; Dogra, S.M.; Dong, W.J.; Dong, X.; Draper, J.E.; Du, F.; Dunin, V.B.; Dunlop, J.C.; Dutta Mazumdar, M.R.; Eckardt, V.; Edwards, W.R.; Efimov, L.G.; Emelianov, V.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Fachini, P.; Fatemi, R.; Fedorisin, J.; Filimonov, K.; Filip, P.; Finch, E.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Fu, J.; Gagliardi, C.A.; Gaillard, L.; Ganti, M.S.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Ghosh, P.; Gonzalez, J.S.; Gorbunov, Y.G.; Gos, H.; Grebenyuk, O.; Grosnick, D.; Guertin, S.M.; Guimaraes, K.S.F.F.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, N.; Gutierrez, T.D.; Haag, B.; Hallman, T.J.; Hamed, A.; Harris, J.W.; He, W.; Heinz, M.; Henry, T.W.; Hepplemann, S.; Hippolyte, B.; Hirsch, A.; Hjort, E.; Hoffman, A.M.; Hoffmann, G.W.; Horner, M.J.; Huang, H.Z.; Huang, S.L.; Hughes, E.W.; Humanic, T.J.; Igo, G.; Jacobs, P.; Jacobs, W.W.; Jakl, P.; Jia, F.; Jiang, H.; Jones, P.G.; Judd, E.G.; Kabana, S.; Kang, K.; Kapitan, J.; Kaplan, M.; Keane, D.; Kechechyan, A.; Khodyrev, V.Yu.; Kim, B.C.; Kiryluk, J.; Kisiel, A.; Kislov, E.M.; Klein, S.R.; Kocoloski, A.; Koetke, D.D.

2006-01-01

We determine rapidity asymmetry in the production of charged pions, protons and anti-protons for large transverse momentum (p T ) for d+Au collisions at √s NN = 200 GeV. The rapidity asymmetry is defined as the ratio of particle yields at backward rapidity (Au beam direction or -ve rapidity) to those at forward rapidity (d beam direction or +ve rapidity). The identified hadrons are measured in the rapidity regions |y| T range 2.5 T - /π + and (bar p)/p ratios in peripheral d+Au and forward neutron-tagged events are used to study the contributions of valence quarks and gluons to particle production at high p T . The results are compared to calculations based on NLO pQCD and other measurements of quark fragmentation functions

An Upgrade on the Rabbit Model of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiomyopathy: Shorter Protocol, Reduced Mortality, and Higher Incidence of Overt Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Science.gov (United States)

Talavera, Jesús; Fernández-Del-Palacio, María Josefa; García-Nicolás, Obdulio; Seva, Juan; Brooks, Gavin; Moraleda, Jose M.

2015-01-01

Current protocols of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy in rabbits present with high premature mortality and nephrotoxicity, thus rendering them unsuitable for studies requiring long-term functional evaluation of myocardial function (e.g., stem cell therapy). We compared two previously described protocols to an in-house developed protocol in three groups: Group DOX2 received doxorubicin 2 mg/kg/week (8 weeks); Group DAU3 received daunorubicin 3 mg/kg/week (10 weeks); and Group DAU4 received daunorubicin 4 mg/kg/week (6 weeks). A cohort of rabbits received saline (control). Results of blood tests, cardiac troponin I, echocardiography, and histopathology were analysed. Whilst DOX2 and DAU3 rabbits showed high premature mortality (50% and 33%, resp.), DAU4 rabbits showed 7.6% premature mortality. None of DOX2 rabbits developed overt dilated cardiomyopathy; 66% of DAU3 rabbits developed overt dilated cardiomyopathy and quickly progressed to severe congestive heart failure. Interestingly, 92% of DAU4 rabbits showed overt dilated cardiomyopathy and 67% developed congestive heart failure exhibiting stable disease. DOX2 and DAU3 rabbits showed alterations of renal function, with DAU3 also exhibiting hepatic function compromise. Thus, a shortened protocol of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy as in DAU4 group results in high incidence of overt dilated cardiomyopathy, which insidiously progressed to congestive heart failure, associated to reduced systemic compromise and very low premature mortality. PMID:26788502

Estimating Household Willingness to Pay for Improved Solid Waste Management: A Case Study of Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Trang Pham Thi Thuy

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The main objective of this paper is to investigate the household willingness to pay (WTP for improved solid waste management in Thu Dau Mot city, Binh Duong by using Dichotomons choice Contingent Valuation Method. A questionnaire was designed to draw a sample of 330 respondents for the study. The results show that mean household willingness to pay for solid waste management system in Thu Dau Mot is about 24 thousand VND/ month/ household, higher than the current fee (20 thousand VND month/ household.The paper used a logistic regression to establish the factor affecting to the household willingness to pay for solid waste management system. The logit results show that those with a higher income and more educated is willing to pay more for improvement in management of their solid waste. Also, more environmental aware the person the more they are willing to pay. Moreover, females are less likely to give a positive response to WTP compare to male.

Non-isothermal precipitation behaviors of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys with different Zn contents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guo, M.X.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, X.K.; Zhang, J.S.; Zhuang, L.Z.

2016-01-01

The non-isothermal precipitation behaviors of Al–Mg–Si–Cu alloys with different Zn contents were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, hardness measurement and high resolution transmission electron microscope characterization. The results show that Zn addition has a significant effect on the GP zone dissolution and precipitation of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys. And their activation energies change with the changes of Zn content and aging conditions. Precipitation kinetics can be improved by adding 0.5 wt% or 3.0 wt%Zn, while be suppressed after adding 1.5 wt%Zn. The Mg-Si precipitates (GP zones and β″) are still the main precipitates in the Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys after heated up to 250 °C, and no Mg-Zn precipitates are observed in the Zn-added alloy due to the occurrence of Mg-Zn precipitates reversion. The measured age-hardening responses of the alloys are corresponding to the predicted results by the established precipitation kinetic equations. Additionally, a double-hump phenomenon of hardness appears in the artificial aging of pre-aged alloy with 3.0 wt% Zn addition, which resulted from the formation of pre-β″ and β″ precipitates. Finally, the precipitation mechanism of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys with different Zn contents was proposed based on the microstructure evolution and interaction forces between Mg, Si and Zn atoms.

Controllable synthesis of carbon nanotubes by changing the Mo content in bimetallic Fe-Mo/MgO catalyst

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xu Xiangju; Huang Shaoming; Yang Zhi; Zou Chao; Jiang Junfan; Shang Zhijie

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → Increasing the Mo content in the Fe-Mo/MgO catalysts resulted in an increase in wall number, diameter and growth yield of carbon nanotubes. → The Fe interacts with MgO to form complex (MgO) x (FeO) 1-x (0 4 and relative large metal Mo particles can be generated after reduction. → The avalanche-like reduction of MgMoO 4 makes the catalyst particles to be small thus enhances the utilize efficiency of Fe nanoparticles. - Abstract: A series of Fe-Mo/MgO catalysts with different Mo content were prepared by combustion method and used as catalysts for carbon nanotube (CNT) growth. Transmission electron microscopy studies of the nanotubes show that the number of the CNT walls and the CNT diameters increase with the increasing of Mo content in the bimetallic catalyst. The growth yield determined by thermogravimetric analysis also follows the trend: the higher the Mo content, the higher the yield of the CNTs. However, the increase of Mo content leads to the lower degree of graphitization of CNTs. A comparative study on the morphology and catalytic functions of Fe/MgO, Mo/MgO and Fe-Mo/MgO catalysts was carried out by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It is found that the Fe interacts with MgO to form complexes and is then dispersed into the MgO support uniformly, resulting in very small Fe nanoparticles after reduction. The Mo interacts with MgO to form stoichiometry compound MgMoO 4 and relative large metal Mo particles can be generated after reduction. High yield CNTs with small diameter can be generated from Fe-Mo/MgO because the avalanche-like reduction of MgMoO 4 makes the catalyst particles to be small thus enhances the utilize efficiency of Fe nanoparticles.

Effect of Mg content on microstructure and corrosion behavior of hot dipped Zn–Al–Mg coatings

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yao, Caizhen; Lv, Haibing [Research Centre of Laser Fusion, CAEP, P.O.Box 919-988-5, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900 (China); Zhu, Tianping [Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, PB 92019, Auckland 1142 (New Zealand); Zheng, Wanguo [Research Centre of Laser Fusion, CAEP, P.O.Box 919-988-5, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900 (China); Yuan, Xiaodong, E-mail: xdyuan@caep.cn [Research Centre of Laser Fusion, CAEP, P.O.Box 919-988-5, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900 (China); Gao, Wei, E-mail: w.gao@auckland.ac.nz [Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, PB 92019, Auckland 1142 (New Zealand)

2016-06-15

In this article, Zn–Al–Mg coatings were prepared by hot dipping method. The surface morphology, cross–section microstructure, microhardness, composition, corrosion behaviour of ZAM coatings were investigated by using X–ray diffraction (XRD), Optical microscope, Environmental scanning electron microscopy equipped with EDS (FESEM–EDS), Microhardness tester and Electrochemical analysis respectively. Corrosion test was also performed in a standard salt fog spray chamber. Microstructure studies indicates that Zn grain size was refined and eutectic areas at Zn grain boundary areas increased with increasing Mg content. ZA5M1.5 and ZA5M2 coatings have two distinct layers. Mg tends to exist in the outer layer while Al is in the inner layer. The inner layer is composed of Al{sub 5}Fe{sub 2}Zn{sub 0.4} intermetallic, which may to contribute to the microhardness. The outer layer is Zn grains surrounded by Zn–Mg etutectics, which may improve the corrosion resistance. The microhardness is more than 700 HV{sub 50g} for Al-rich layer and around 151 HV{sub 25g} for Mg-rich layer. The improved corrosion resistance of Zn–5%Al-1.5%Mg coating comes from the corrosion product of flocculent type simonkolleite, which prolongs the micro-path and impedes the movement of O{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O, ultimately retards the overall corrosion process. - Highlights: • Two-layer structured Zn–Al–Mg coatings were prepared by hot dipping method. • Mg exists in the outer layer while Al exists in the inner layer of Zn–Al–Mg coating. • Zn–Al–Mg coating has better protective ability than Zn and Zn–Al coatings. • The Mg-modified simonkolleite is the reason of the enhanced corrosion resistance.

Effect of Al and Mg Contents on Wettability and Reactivity of Molten Zn-Al-Mg Alloys on Steel Sheets Covered with MnO and SiO2 Layers

Science.gov (United States)

Huh, Joo-Youl; Hwang, Min-Je; Shim, Seung-Woo; Kim, Tae-Chul; Kim, Jong-Sang

2018-05-01

The reactive wetting behaviors of molten Zn-Al-Mg alloys on MnO- and amorphous (a-) SiO2-covered steel sheets were investigated by the sessile drop method, as a function of the Al and Mg contents in the alloys. The sessile drop tests were carried out at 460 °C and the variation in the contact angles (θc) of alloys containing 0.2-2.5 wt% Al and 0-3.0 wt% Mg was monitored for 20 s. For all the alloys, the MnO-covered steel substrate exhibited reactive wetting whereas the a-SiO2-covered steel exhibited nonreactive, nonwetting (θc > 90°) behavior. The MnO layer was rapidly removed by Al and Mg contained in the alloys. The wetting of the MnO-covered steel sheet significantly improved upon increasing the Mg content but decreased upon increasing the Al content, indicating that the surface tension of the alloy droplet is the main factor controlling its wettability. Although the reactions of Al and Mg in molten alloys with the a-SiO2 layer were found to be sluggish, the wettability of Zn-Al-Mg alloys on the a-SiO2 layer improved upon increasing the Al and Mg contents. These results suggest that the wetting of advanced high-strength steel sheets, the surface oxide layer of which consists of a mixture of MnO and SiO2, with Zn-Al-Mg alloys could be most effectively improved by increasing the Mg content of the alloys.

SEMIAUTOMATED SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION PROCEDURE FOR DRUG SCREENING IN BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS USING THE ASPEC SYSTEM IN COMBINATION WITH CLEAN SCREEN DAU COLUMNS

NARCIS (Netherlands)

CHEN, XH; FRANKE, JP; ENSING, K; WIJSBEEK, J; DEZEEUW, RA

1993-01-01

The use of a semi-automated solid-phase extraction system (ASPEC) for the screening of drugs in plasma and urine on a single mixed-mode column (Clean Screen DAU) is described. The processes of column preconditioning, sample application, column wash, pH adjustment and elution of the drugs were

Take a Deep Dive With DAU: The Kind We Offer Is Safe and Sure to Keep You Dry

Science.gov (United States)

2017-01-01

officer and an executive coach . Haydu-Jackson is a former contractor supporting DAU West Region. She completed her coursework toward a master’s degree...technical deep dive may involve an evaluation of the underlying scientific basis of a technical pursuit, or an in-depth analysis of a program’s...than a decade. Our customers tell us that this in-depth analysis of their organization has helped them better understand inherent challenges and

Nuclear modification factors of phi mesons in d+Au, Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at sqrt(S_NN)=200 GeV

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Adare, A.; Afanasiev, S.; Aidala, C.; Mašek, L.; Mikeš, P.; Růžička, Pavel; Tomášek, Lukáš; Vrba, Václav

2011-01-01

Roč. 83, č. 2 (2011), "024909-1"-"024909-10" ISSN 0556-2813 R&D Projects: GA MŠk LA08015 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100502 Keywords : PHENIX experiment * d+AU collisions Subject RIV: BF - Elementary Particles and High Energy Physics Impact factor: 3.308, year: 2011

Experimental evidences for reducing Mg activation energy in high Al-content AlGaN alloy by MgGa δ doping in (AlN)m/(GaN)n superlattice

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Xiao; Wang, Wei; Wang, Jingli; Wu, Hao; Liu, Chang

2017-03-01

P-type doping in high Al-content AlGaN alloys is a main challenge for realizing AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet optoelectronics devices. According to the first-principles calculations, Mg activation energy may be reduced so that a high hole concentration can be obtained by introducing nanoscale (AlN)5/(GaN)1 superlattice (SL) in Al0.83Ga0.17N disorder alloy. In this work, experimental evidences were achieved by analyzing Mg doped high Al-content AlGaN alloys and Mg doped AlGaN SLs as well as MgGa δ doped AlGaN SLs. Mg acceptor activation energy was significantly reduced from 0.378 to 0.331 eV by using MgGa δ doping in SLs instead of traditional doping in alloys. This new process was confirmed to be able to realize high p-type doping in high Al-content AlGaN.

Suppression of Back-to-Back Hadron Pairs at Forward Rapidity in d+Au Collisions at √(sNN)=200 GeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adare, A.; Ellinghaus, F.; Kinney, E.; Linden Levy, L. A.; Nagle, J. L.; Rosen, C. A.; Seele, J.; Wysocki, M.; Afanasiev, S.; Isupov, A.; Litvinenko, A.; Malakhov, A.; Peresedov, V.; Rukoyatkin, P.; Zolin, L.; Aidala, C.; Datta, A.; Ajitanand, N. N.; Alexander, J.; Chung, P.

2011-01-01

Back-to-back hadron pair yields in d+Au and p+p collisions at √(s NN )=200 GeV were measured with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Rapidity separated hadron pairs were detected with the trigger hadron at pseudorapidity |η| T , and η points to cold nuclear matter effects arising at high parton densities.

Influence of Ni content on physico-chemical characteristics of Ni, Mg, Al-Hydrotalcite like compounds

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre Carlos Camacho Rodrigues

2003-12-01

Full Text Available The physico-chemical properties of a series of Ni,Mg,Al-HTLC with Al/(Al+Mg+Ni = 0.25 and low Ni/Mg ratios were studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD, thermogravimetric (TGA and thermodifferential (DTA analysis, N2 physissorption and temperature programmed reduction (TPR. The as-synthesized materials were well-crystallized, with XRD patterns typical of the HTLCs in carbonate form. Upon calcination and dehydration the dehydroxilation of the layers with concurrent decomposition of carbonate anions produced mixed oxides with high surface area. XRD analysis indicated that the different nickel and aluminum oxides species are well-dispersed in a poor-crystallized MgO periclase-type phase. As observed by TPR, the different Ni species showed distinct interactions with Mg(AlO phase, which were influenced by both nickel content and calcination temperature. Regardless of the the nickel content, the reduction of nickel species was not complete as indicated by the presence of metallic dispersions.

The intergranular corrosion behavior of 6000-series alloys with different Mg/Si and Cu content

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zou, Yun; Liu, Qing, E-mail: qingliu@cqu.edu.cn; Jia, Zhihong, E-mail: zhihongjia@cqu.edu.cn; Xing, Yuan; Ding, Lipeng; Wang, Xueli

2017-05-31

Highlights: • High Cu alloy with high Mg/Si ratio has the best comprehensive property. • Addition of excess Mg could improve the intergranular corrosion resistance. • Si containing particles on the grain boundaries of Si-rich alloys promote IGC. • IGC susceptibility depends primarily on Cu content and secondarily on Mg/Si ratio. - Abstract: 6000-series aluminium alloys with high Cu or excess Si addition were susceptible to intergranular corrosion (IGC). In order to obtain good IGC resistance, four alloys with low/high Cu and various Mg/Si ratios were designed. The corrosion behaviour of four alloys was investigated by accelerated corrosion test, electrochemical test and electron microscopies. It was revealed that IGC susceptibility of alloys was the result of microgalvanic coupling between the noble grain boundary precipitates and the adjacent precipitates free zone (PFZ), which was closely related to a combination of Cu content and the Mg/Si ratio. Excess Mg could improve the IGC resistance of alloys by forming discontinuous precipitates on the grain boundaries. The designed alloy with high Cu and excess Mg has the same corrosion level as the commercial alloy with low Cu and excess Si, which provides possibility for developing new alloy.

Experimental evidences for reducing Mg activation energy in high Al-content AlGaN alloy by MgGa δ doping in (AlN)m/(GaN)n superlattice

OpenAIRE

Xiao Wang; Wei Wang; Jingli Wang; Hao Wu; Chang Liu

2017-01-01

P-type doping in high Al-content AlGaN alloys is a main challenge for realizing AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet optoelectronics devices. According to the first-principles calculations, Mg activation energy may be reduced so that a high hole concentration can be obtained by introducing nanoscale (AlN)5/(GaN)1 superlattice (SL) in Al0.83Ga0.17N disorder alloy. In this work, experimental evidences were achieved by analyzing Mg doped high Al-content AlGaN alloys and Mg doped AlGaN SLs as well as MgG...

Effects of Y content on microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-Zn-Nd

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ti-jun Chen

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The effects of Y addition amount on the microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-Zn-Nd alloy have been investigated by using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope, back-scattered electronic imaging technique, an X-ray diffractometer, a differential thermal analyzer and a universal testing machine. There are three kinds of ternary phases in the Mg-Zn-Y system alloys, such as I phase (Mg3Zn6Y, W phase (Mg3Zn3Y2 and Z or X phase (Mg12ZnY. The experimental results in the present study indicate that the Mg-Zn-RE (RE includes Y and Nd ternary phases change from the I + W phases in turn to unique W, W + Z and unique Z as the Y content increases from 0% to 3%. Simultaneously, their distribution gradually changes from small particle-like form to continuous network form. The grain size first decreases as the Y content increases from 0% to 1% Y, then increases when the Y content exceeds 1% and finally decreases again when the content exceeds 3% due to the variation of growth restriction factor caused by the increased Y element and the change of the ternary phases. The hardness continuously increases because of the increased ternary phase amount. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation first increase within the range of 0-1% Y, also due to the increased ternary phase amount and grain refinement, and then decreases because of the grain coarsening, porosity formation and continuous network distribution of the ternary phases. The grain bonding strength of the W phase-containing alloys is quite strong and the W phase is an ideal strengthening phase if a given amount of it distributes in discontinuous and small-sized form. The alloy with 1% Y only has one ternary phase of W, but has the best combination of mechanical properties. The fracture regimes of these alloys always present a transgranular mode.

Influence of the Mg-content on ESR-signals in synthetic calcium carbonate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barabas, M.; Bach, A.; Mudelsee, M.; Mangini, A.

1989-01-01

Carbonate crystals doped with various concentrations of Mg 2+ -ions have been grown by a gel-diffusion method. An increase of the Mg/Ca-ratio to more than about 1 caused a phase change in the crystal lattice from calcite to aragonite. The properties of the ESR-signals of the synthetic carbonates were studied and compared with natural marine carbonates. The following results were derived: (a) In the presence of Mg 2+ -ions the synthetic carbonates display the same ESR-signals as natural calcites of marine origin with similar properties (thermal stability, radiation sensitivity). (b) The saturation value of the signal at g=2.0006 in synthetic calcites was found to be strongly related with the Mg-content in the crystals. (c) The signal at g=2.0036 (axial symmetry) which is present in calcite was not influenced by the Mg-concentration. Its saturation value decreases when the crystal phase changed from calcite to aragonite and in complement the signal at g=2.0031 appeared. (d) The signals at g=2.0057 and g=2.0031 are most probably not of organic origin. (author)

Early and delayed cardioprotective intervention with dexrazoxane each show different potential for prevention of chronic anthracycline cardiotoxicity in rabbits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jirkovský, Eduard; Lenčová-Popelová, Olga; Hroch, Miloš; Adamcová, Michaela; Mazurová, Yvona; Vávrová, Jaroslava

2013-01-01

Despite incomplete understanding to its mechanism of action, dexrazoxane (DEX) is still the only clearly effective cardioprotectant against chronic anthracycline (ANT) cardiotoxicity. However, its clinical use is currently restricted to patients exceeding significant ANT cumulative dose (300 mg/m 2 ), although each ANT cycle may induce certain potentially irreversible myocardial damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare early and delayed DEX intervention against chronic ANT cardiotoxicity and study the molecular events involved. The cardiotoxicity was induced in rabbits with daunorubicin (DAU; 3 mg/kg/week for 10 weeks); DEX (60 mg/kg) was administered either before the 1st or 7th DAU dose (i.e. after ≈300 mg/m 2 cumulative dose). While both DEX administration schedules prevented DAU-induced premature deaths and severe congestive heart failure, only the early intervention completely prevented the left ventricular dysfunction, myocardial morphological changes and mitochondrial damage. Further molecular analyses did not support the assumption that DEX cardioprotection is based and directly proportional to protection from DAU-induced oxidative damage and/or deletions in mtDNA. Nevertheless, DAU induced significant up-regulation of heme oxygenase 1 pathway while heme synthesis was inversely regulated and both changes were schedule-of-administration preventable by DEX. Early and delayed DEX interventions also differed in ability to prevent DAU-induced down-regulation of expression of mitochondrial proteins encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial genome. Hence, the present functional, morphological as well as the molecular data highlights the enormous cardioprotective effects of DEX and provides novel insights into the molecular events involved. Furthermore, the data suggests that currently recommended delayed intervention may not be able to take advantage of the full cardioprotective potential of the drug

Corrosion behaviors of Mg and its alloys with different Al contents in a modified simulated body fluid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wen Zhaohui; Wu Changjun; Dai Changsong; Yang Feixia

2009-01-01

The corrosion behaviors of pure magnesium (Mg) and three Mg alloys with different Al contents were investigated in a modified simulated body fluid (m-SBF) through immersion tests, Tafel experiments, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) experiments. The immersion results show that the corrosion rates (CRs) of the four samples were in an order of AZ91D ct ) of the three magnesium alloys initially increased and then decreased while the R ct of pure Mg was kept lower within 24 h. The results of a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) show that pure Mg and three alloys were heterogeneously corroded in the m-SBF. The corrosion of pure Mg, which showed a more uniform corrosion appearance, resulted from localized corrosion over the entire surface. Alloy AZ91D (of 8.5-9.5 wt.% Al) showed relatively uniform corrosion morphology and the β-Mg 12 Al 17 precipitates in alloy AZ91D were more homogeneously and continuously distributed along the grain boundaries. Obvious corrosion pits were found on the surface of alloy AZ61 and AZ31. The corrosion pits of alloy AZ61 were shallower than those of alloy AZ31. Alloy AZ61 (of 5.8-7.2 wt.% Al) possessed more Al 8 Mn 5 and a little β-Mg 12 Al 17 presented along the grain boundary heterogeneously and discontinuously. Al 8 Mn 5 was the main phase of the AZ31 alloy (of 2.5-3.5 wt.% Al) dispersed into the matrix. In conclusion, the microstructure and the Al content in the α-Mg (Al) matrix significantly affected the corrosion properties of the alloys in the m-SBF. With the increase in Al content, the corrosion resistances of the samples were improved.

Corrosion behaviors of Mg and its alloys with different Al contents in a modified simulated body fluid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wen Zhaohui [Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001 (China); Wu Changjun, E-mail: wucj163@126.co [Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001 (China); Dai Changsong, E-mail: changsd@hit.edu.c [School of Chemistry Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China); Yang Feixia [School of Chemistry Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China)

2009-11-20

The corrosion behaviors of pure magnesium (Mg) and three Mg alloys with different Al contents were investigated in a modified simulated body fluid (m-SBF) through immersion tests, Tafel experiments, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) experiments. The immersion results show that the corrosion rates (CRs) of the four samples were in an order of AZ91D < AZ61 < AZ31 < pure Mg after immersion for 1 day. With an increase in immersion time, their corrosion rates decreased and then a stable stage was reached after 16 days. The order of CRs of the four samples changed to AZ91D < pure Mg < AZ61 < AZ31 after immersion for 24 days. The results of EIS experiments indicate that the charge transfer resistance (R{sub ct}) of the three magnesium alloys initially increased and then decreased while the R{sub ct} of pure Mg was kept lower within 24 h. The results of a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) show that pure Mg and three alloys were heterogeneously corroded in the m-SBF. The corrosion of pure Mg, which showed a more uniform corrosion appearance, resulted from localized corrosion over the entire surface. Alloy AZ91D (of 8.5-9.5 wt.% Al) showed relatively uniform corrosion morphology and the {beta}-Mg{sub 12}Al{sub 17} precipitates in alloy AZ91D were more homogeneously and continuously distributed along the grain boundaries. Obvious corrosion pits were found on the surface of alloy AZ61 and AZ31. The corrosion pits of alloy AZ61 were shallower than those of alloy AZ31. Alloy AZ61 (of 5.8-7.2 wt.% Al) possessed more Al{sub 8}Mn{sub 5} and a little {beta}-Mg{sub 12}Al{sub 17} presented along the grain boundary heterogeneously and discontinuously. Al{sub 8}Mn{sub 5} was the main phase of the AZ31 alloy (of 2.5-3.5 wt.% Al) dispersed into the matrix. In conclusion, the microstructure and the Al content in the {alpha}-Mg (Al) matrix significantly affected the corrosion properties of the alloys in the m-SBF. With the increase

Effect of calcium content on the microstructure, hardness and in-vitro corrosion behavior of biodegradable Mg-Ca binary alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shervin Eslami Harandi

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Effect of calcium addition on microstructure, hardness value and corrosion behavior of five different Mg-xCa binary alloys (x = 0.7, 1, 2, 3, 4 wt. (% was investigated. Notable refinement in microstructure of the alloy occurred with increasing calcium content. In addition, more uniform distribution of Mg2Ca phase was observed in a-Mg matrix resulted in an increase in hardness value. The in-vitro corrosion examination using Kokubo simulated body fluid showed that the addition of calcium shifted the fluid pH value to a higher level similar to those found in pure commercial Mg. The high pH value amplified the formation and growth of bone-like apatite. Higher percentage of Ca resulted in needle-shaped growth of the apatite. Electrochemical measurements in the same solution revealed that increasing Ca content led to higher corrosion rates due to the formation of more cathodic Mg2Ca precipitate in the microstructure. The results therefore suggested that Mg-0.7Ca with the minimum amount of Mg2Ca is a good candidate for bio-implant applications.

Effect of calcium content on the microstructure, hardness and in-vitro corrosion behavior of biodegradable Mg-Ca binary alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shervin Eslami Harandi

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Effect of calcium addition on microstructure, hardness value and corrosion behavior of five different Mg-xCa binary alloys (x = 0.7, 1, 2, 3, 4 wt. (% was investigated. Notable refinement in microstructure of the alloy occurred with increasing calcium content. In addition, more uniform distribution of Mg2Ca phase was observed in a-Mg matrix resulted in an increase in hardness value. The in-vitro corrosion examination using Kokubo simulated body fluid showed that the addition of calcium shifted the fluid pH value to a higher level similar to those found in pure commercial Mg. The high pH value amplified the formation and growth of bone-like apatite. Higher percentage of Ca resulted in needle-shaped growth of the apatite. Electrochemical measurements in the same solution revealed that increasing Ca content led to higher corrosion rates due to the formation of more cathodic Mg2Ca precipitate in the microstructure. The results therefore suggested that Mg-0.7Ca with the minimum amount of Mg2Ca is a good candidate for bio-implant applications.

Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mg, Al, Ti, and S contents in plants and soil of heaps of nickel smelting works

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Banasova, V; Hajduk, J

1977-01-01

The writers established the Fe, Ce, Cr, Ni, Ca, Mg, Al, Ti and S contents in the neopedon of heaps piling up from processing of nickel ore as well as in the plants: Cardaria draba, Salsola cali, Agropyrum repens, Bromus erectus, Calamagrostis epigeios, Cynodon dactylon and Matricaria inodora, growing on such heaps. Ca, Mg and S contents were found to be higher in dicotyledons and Fe, Al, Ti, Ni and Cr contents higher in monocotyledons. The analyzed dicotyledons appeared to be concentrators of Ca and S. Highest Fe, Al, Ti, Ni and Cr contents were found in individuals of the species Agropyrum repens. The neopedon as well as the plants had extraordinarily high Cr concentrations. The species Salsola cali has been found to possess an unusually higher affinity to the dump substrate after processing of nickel ore and to be a concentrator of Mg. 16 references, 1 table.

Effect of Magnesium Content and Processing Conditions on Phase Formation and Stability in Mg2+ δ Si0.3Sn0.7

Science.gov (United States)

Goyal, Gagan K.; Dasgupta, T.

2018-03-01

Mg2+ δ Si0.3Sn0.7 compositions with nominal Mg content of δ = 0, 0.2 are synthesized using a single-step quartz tube reaction method with different heating rates and holding times. The resulting powders are sintered using a uniaxial induction hot press under similar conditions to produce near-dense compacts. The effect of Mg content and processing conditions on the phase formation and its stability are studied using x-ray diffraction measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with elemental mapping and compositional analysis using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results indicate that with sufficient Mg content and shorter synthesis time, the powder remains single phasic; however, prolonged heat treatment during synthesis results in Mg loss and causes the system to become biphasic. Compaction results in single-phase formation in all the specimens. This is attributed to the removal of the low-melting secondary Sn-rich phases present in the system. The decomposition of the specimens depends on the Mg content after the compaction step with a δ around - 0.15 necessary to preserve the single phase. The decomposition also results in Mg enrichment of the matrix (due to formation of elemental Sn), thereby acting as a self-healing mechanism. Annealing the dense products at 773 K for 24 h in static vacuum is carried out. Progressive Mg loss is observed resulting in degradation of the specimen.

Impact of Mg content on native point defects in Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1−x}O (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.56)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Perkins, J.; Foster, G. M. [Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43210 (United States); Myer, M.; Mehra, S. [Columbus School for Girls, 56 S. Columbia Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43209 (United States); Chauveau, J. M. [Centre de Recherche sur l’Hetero-Epitaxie et ses Applications, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CRHEA-CNRS), Rue B. Gregory, F-06560 Valbonne Sophia Antipolis (France); University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, F-06102 Nice Cedex 2 (France); Hierro, A. [Dpto. Ingeniería Electrónica and ISOM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Redondo-Cubero, A. [Dpto. Física Aplicada y Centro de Micro-Análisis de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Windl, W. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2041 College Road N., Columbus, Ohio 43210 (United States); Brillson, L. J., E-mail: brillson.1@osu.edu [Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43210 (United States); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2015 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1272 (United States); Center for Materials Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (United States)

2015-06-01

We used depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and surface photovoltage spectroscopy to measure the densities, energy levels, and spatial distributions of zinc/magnesium cation and oxygen vacancies in isostructural, single-phase, non-polar Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1−x}O alloys over a wide (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.56) range. Within this wide range, both defect types exhibit strong Mg content-dependent surface segregation and pronounced bulk density minima corresponding to unit cell volume minima, which can inhibit defect formation due to electrostatic repulsion. Mg in ZnO significantly reduces native defect densities and their non-polar surface segregation, both major factors in carrier transport and doping of these oxide semiconductors.

Resonance production and exotic clusters in Au+Au, d+Au and p+p collisions at √(s) = 200 AGeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Besliu, Calin; Jipa, Alexandru; Lungescu, Andrea; Zgura, Sorin

2004-01-01

The resonance production in Au+Au, d+Au and p+p collisions at √(s) = 200 AGeV are presented. The resonances are used as a sensitive tool to examine the collision dynamics in the hadronic medium through their decay and regeneration. The modification of resonance mass, width, and shape due to phase space and dynamical effects are also discussed. The measurement of resonances provides an important tool for studying the dynamics in relativistic heavy-ion collisions by probing the time evolution of the source from chemical to kinetic freeze-out and the hadronic interactions at later stages

The structural, electrical and optical properties of Mg-doped ZnO with different interstitial Mg concentration

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hu, Yonghong, E-mail: hchyh@njust.edu.cn [School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100 (China); Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094 (China); Zeng, Haibo [Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094 (China); Du, Jifu [School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100 (China); Hu, Ziyu [Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100084 (China); Zhang, Shengli [Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094 (China)

2016-10-01

Through first principle calculations, we studied the structural, electronic and optical properties of ZnO doped by interstitial Mg. With the increase of Mg content (x), the derivations of lattice parameters from the wurtzite ZnO become more and more significant. The Mg-doped ZnO with x below 15.79% is found to be n-type semiconductor. The minimum of energy band gap and light transmittance in high energy region (7.5–25 eV) decrease while the conductivity and refractive index increase with increasing x. Further increasing x up to 20%, the Mg-doped ZnO is found to be direct-band-gap semiconductor with great structural derivation from wurtzite phase. The light transmittance increases while the refractive index decreases with the increase of x due to the change of geometry and electronic structure. So, it’s concluded that the electronic and optical properties of ZnO doped by interstitial Mg may be greatly influenced by Mg content. - Graphical abstract: The minimum of energy gap decreases while the corresponding relative number of electrons into the conduction bands increases when the interstitial Mg content x in Mg-doped ZnO increases (0 ≤ x ≤ 15.79%). - Highlights: • The energy band gap decreases with the increase of interstitial Mg content from 5.88% to 15.79%. • The conductivity increases with the increase of interstitial Mg content from 5.88% to 15.79%. • The Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1-x}O (interstitial Mg content x= 20%) is found to be a direct-band-gap semiconductor. • The light transmittance decreases with the increase of interstitial Mg content from 5.88% to 15.79%. • The refractive index increases with the increase of interstitial Mg content from 5.88% to 15.79%.

Neutron activation analysis of Ca, Cl, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Sr contents in the crowns of human permanent teeth

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zaichick, V.

2009-01-01

The effect of age and gender on chemical element contents in intact crowns of permanent teeth of 84 apparently healthy 15-55 year old women (n 38) and men (n = 46) was investigated. Mass fractions of Ca, Cl, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Sr in crowns were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis using short-lived radionuclides. Mean values (M ± SEL) for female and male combined were (on dry weight basis): 350 ± 5 g/kg, 2920± 150 mg/kg, 839 ± 80 mg/kg, 4880 ± 240 mg/kg, 3.20 ± 0.30 mg/kg, 6240 ± 140 mg/kg, 181 ± 4 g/kg, and 293 ± 24 mg/kg respectively. A statistically significant decrease of Sr (P ≤ 0.01) and increase of Na (P ≤ 0.01) content in the tooth crowns with age was found for women. Sex-related comparison did not show any differences. (author)

New dynamics information from experimental results obtained in d-Au collisions at RHIC-BNL energies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jipa, Alexandru

2004-01-01

During the last runs d-Au collisions at √s NN = 200 GeV have been investigated at RHIC-BNL using the BRAHMS Experiment. Some interesting experimental results on charged particle multiplicities, rapidity distributions, transverse momentum spectra, antiparticle to particle ratios, participant spectator evolution have been obtained. In this work the most interesting results are presented for different rapidity and collision centrality ranges. Taking into account the importance of the collision geometry and collision symmetry in the collision dynamics, comparisons with the similar experimental results obtained in Au-Au collisions have been done. New interesting results can be reported. The most significant are related to the evolution of the nuclear modification factor with rapidity and collision centrality. The high transverse momentum suppression and the behaviours in different rapidity and centrality ranges suggest strong initial state effects. These effects could be related to the gluonic structure of the colliding nuclei. Some insights on the Color Glass Condensate formation are possible. (author)

Long-range pseudorapidity dihadron correlations in d+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. Adamczyk

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Dihadron angular correlations in d+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV are reported as a function of the measured zero-degree calorimeter neutral energy and the forward charged hadron multiplicity in the Au-beam direction. A finite correlated yield is observed at large relative pseudorapidity (Δη on the near side (i.e. relative azimuth Δϕ∼0. This correlated yield as a function of Δη appears to scale with the dominant, primarily jet-related, away-side (Δϕ∼π yield. The Fourier coefficients of the Δϕ correlation, Vn=〈cos⁡nΔϕ〉, have a strong Δη dependence. In addition, it is found that V1 is approximately inversely proportional to the mid-rapidity event multiplicity, while V2 is independent of it with similar magnitude in the forward (d-going and backward (Au-going directions.

Isolation and characterization of a novel cold-adapted esterase, MtEst45, from Microbulbifer thermotolerans DAU221

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Yong-Suk eLee

2016-03-01

Full Text Available A novel esterase, MtEst45, was isolated from a fosmid genomic library of Microbulbifer thermotolerans DAU221. The encoding gene is predicted to have a mass of 45,564 Da and encodes 495 amino acids, excluding a 21 amino acid signal peptide. MtEst45 showed a low amino acid identity (approximately 23–24% compared with other lipolytic enzymes belonging to Family III, a closely related bacterial lipolytic enzyme family. MtEst45 also showed a conserved GXSXG motif, G131IS133YG135, which was reported as active site of known lipolytic enzymes, and the putative catalytic triad composed of D237 and H265. Because these mutants of MtEst45, which was S133A, D237N, and H265L, had no activity, these catalytic triad essential for the enzyme catalysis. MtEst45 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3 and purified via His-tag affinity chromatography. The optimal pH and temperature of MtEst45 were estimated to be 8.17 and 46.27°C by response surface methodology, respectively. Additionally, MtEst45 was also active between 1–15°C. The optimal hydrolysis substrate for MtEst45 among p-nitrophenyl esters (C2–C18 was p-nitrophenyl butyrate, and the Km and Vmax values were 0.0998 mM and 550 μmol/min/mg of protein, respectively. MtEst45 was strongly inhibited by Hg2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ ions; by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride; and by β-mercaptoethanol. Ca2+ did not affect the enzyme’s activity. These biochemical properties, sequence identity, and phylogenetic analysis suggest that MtEst45 represents a novel and valuable bacterial lipolytic enzyme family and is useful for biotechnological applications.

The influences of Al content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-6Zn magnesium alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Yu; Huang, Xiaofeng; Ma, Zhenduo; Li, Ya; Guo, Feng; Yang, Jianchang; Ma, Ying; Hao, Yuan

2017-01-01

Mg-6Zn magnesium alloys microalloyed with varying Al content (0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 wt%) were prepared by permanent mould casting. The effects of Al on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-6Zn alloy were characterized with an optical microscope (OM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS), an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and mechanical tests at room temperature, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the grain sizes do not decline obviously while the amount of eutectic phase and the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) of the alloys gradually increase when the Al content exceeds 3%. The main phases α-Mg, MgZn 2 , Mg 2 Zn 3 , Mg 7 Zn 3 , MgZn, Mg 32 (Al, Zn) 49 and Mg 17 Al 12 are found in these alloys. A higher addition of Al (≥5 wt%) causes the formation of the Mg 17 Al 12 , meanwhile, the partial morphology of some eutectic phases is modified into lamellar formation, which has an adverse effect on mechanical properties of the Al-containing alloys. The mechanical testing reveals that, the tensile properties are gradually improved within the range of 0 ~ 3%Al, and the maximum values of ultimate tensile strength (UTS, 214 MPa) and elongation (EL, 8.7%) are simultaneously obtained from the alloy with 3% Al, which increases by 21 MPa and 16.0% compared with that of the ZA60 alloy, respectively. Fracture analysis demonstrates that quasi-cleavage fracture, inter-granular and trans-granular fracture are dominant modes in the alloy with additions of 0, 1, 3 wt% Al. In contrast, the rupture mechanisms of the other investigated alloys belong to cleavage and inter-granular fracture modes.

The influences of Al content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-6Zn magnesium alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Yu; Huang, Xiaofeng, E-mail: huangxf_lut@163.com; Ma, Zhenduo; Li, Ya; Guo, Feng; Yang, Jianchang; Ma, Ying; Hao, Yuan

2017-02-16

Mg-6Zn magnesium alloys microalloyed with varying Al content (0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 wt%) were prepared by permanent mould casting. The effects of Al on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-6Zn alloy were characterized with an optical microscope (OM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS), an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and mechanical tests at room temperature, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the grain sizes do not decline obviously while the amount of eutectic phase and the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) of the alloys gradually increase when the Al content exceeds 3%. The main phases α-Mg, MgZn{sub 2}, Mg{sub 2}Zn{sub 3}, Mg{sub 7}Zn{sub 3}, MgZn, Mg{sub 32}(Al, Zn){sub 49} and Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12} are found in these alloys. A higher addition of Al (≥5 wt%) causes the formation of the Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12}, meanwhile, the partial morphology of some eutectic phases is modified into lamellar formation, which has an adverse effect on mechanical properties of the Al-containing alloys. The mechanical testing reveals that, the tensile properties are gradually improved within the range of 0 ~ 3%Al, and the maximum values of ultimate tensile strength (UTS, 214 MPa) and elongation (EL, 8.7%) are simultaneously obtained from the alloy with 3% Al, which increases by 21 MPa and 16.0% compared with that of the ZA60 alloy, respectively. Fracture analysis demonstrates that quasi-cleavage fracture, inter-granular and trans-granular fracture are dominant modes in the alloy with additions of 0, 1, 3 wt% Al. In contrast, the rupture mechanisms of the other investigated alloys belong to cleavage and inter-granular fracture modes.

Pseudorapidity dependence of charged hadron transverse momentum spectra in d+Au collisions at √(sNN )=200 GeV

Science.gov (United States)

Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D.; Ballintijn, M.; Barton, D. S.; Becker, B.; Betts, R. R.; Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Busza, W.; Carroll, A.; Decowski, M. P.; García, E.; Gburek, T.; George, N.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gushue, S.; Halliwell, C.; Hamblen, J.; Harrington, A. S.; Henderson, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Hołyński, R.; Holzman, B.; Iordanova, A.; Johnson, E.; Kane, J. L.; Khan, N.; Kulinich, P.; Kuo, C. M.; Lee, J. W.; Lin, W. T.; Manly, S.; Mignerey, A. C.; Nouicer, R.; Olszewski, A.; Pak, R.; Park, I. C.; Pernegger, H.; Reed, C.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Sagerer, J.; Sarin, P.; Sedykh, I.; Skulski, W.; Smith, C. E.; Steinberg, P.; Stephans, G. S.; Sukhanov, A.; Tonjes, M. B.; Trzupek, A.; Vale, C.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.; Verdier, R.; Veres, G. I.; Wolfs, F. L.; Wosiek, B.; Woźniak, K.; Wysłouch, B.; Zhang, J.

2004-12-01

We have measured the transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons in d+Au collisions at √(sNN )=200 GeV in the range of 0.5< pT <4.0 GeV/c . The total range of pseudorapidity, η , is 0.2<η<1.4 , where positive η is in the deuteron direction. The data has been divided into three regions of pseudorapidity, covering 0.2<η<0.6 , 0.6<η<1.0 , and 1.0<η<1.4 , and has been compared to charged hadron spectra from p+ p¯ collisions at the same energy. There is a significant change in the spectral shape as a function of pseudorapidity. As η increases we see a decrease in the nuclear modification factor RdAu .

Sinergitas Stakeholders Dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Terpadu Untuk Administrasi Publik Yang Demokratis Dalam Perspektif Teori Governance (Studi Pada Tempat Pengelolaan Sampah Terpadu Mulyoagung Bersatu Kecamatan DAU Kabupaten Malang)

OpenAIRE

Aditya, Bayu Rizky

2014-01-01

: Sinergy of Stakeholders in Integrated Waste Management for Democratic Public Administration in the Perspective Governance Theory (Study on Integrated Waste Management Mulyoagung Bersatu Kecamatan Dau Kabupaten Malang) This research was conducted based on the number of services provided by the government to the people are still the concept of Top-Down, which is issued by a government policy without seeing what was needed and required by society, even most of the services provided to the publ...

Centrality Dependence of Charged-Hadron Transverse-Momentum Spectra in d+Au Collisions at (sNN)=200 GeV

Science.gov (United States)

Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D.; Ballintijn, M.; Barton, D. S.; Becker, B.; Betts, R. R.; Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Budzanowski, A.; Busza, W.; Carroll, A.; Decowski, M. P.; García, E.; Gburek, T.; George, N.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gushue, S.; Halliwell, C.; Hamblen, J.; Harrington, A. S.; Henderson, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Hołyński, R.; Holzman, B.; Iordanova, A.; Johnson, E.; Kane, J. L.; Khan, N.; Kulinich, P.; Kuo, C. M.; Lee, J. W.; Lin, W. T.; Manly, S.; Mignerey, A. C.; Noell, A.; Nouicer, R.; Olszewski, A.; Pak, R.; Park, I. C.; Pernegger, H.; Reed, C.; Remsberg, L. P.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Sagerer, J.; Sarin, P.; Sawicki, P.; Sedykh, I.; Skulski, W.; Smith, C. E.; Steinberg, P.; Stephans, G. S.; Sukhanov, A.; Teng, R.; Tonjes, M. B.; Trzupek, A.; Vale, C.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.; Verdier, R.; Veres, G. I.; Wadsworth, B.; Wolfs, F. L.; Wosiek, B.; Woźniak, K.; Wuosmaa, A. H.; Wysłouch, B.; Zhang, J.

2003-08-01

We have measured transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons produced in d+Au collisions at (sNN)=200 GeV. The spectra were obtained for transverse momenta 0.25

Preliminary Study on Mg content of hard part(Test) of a benthic foraminifer from the inner shelf, off West Coast of India

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Khare, N.; Nigam, R.; Iyer, S.D.

A preliminary study has been made for trace element (Mg) in the test of benthic species Bulimina exilis from a shallow sediment core (at 22 m water depth) off west coast of India using Electron Probe Microanalyser (EPMA) The Mg content is selected...

Centrality dependence of charged hadron transverse momentum spectra in d+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

CERN Document Server

Back, B B; Ballintijn, M; Barton, D S; Becker, B; Betts, R R; Bickley, A A; Bindel, R; Budzanowski, A; Busza, W; Carroll, A; Decowski, M P; García, E; Gburek, T; George, N; Gulbrandsen, K H; Gushue, S; Halliwell, C; Hamblen, J; Harrington, A S; Henderson, C; Hofman, D J; Hollis, R S; Holynski, R; Holzman, B; Iordanova, A; Johnson, E; Kane, J L; Khan, N; Kulinich, P A; Kuo, C M; Lee, J W; Lin, W T; Manly, S; Mignerey, A C; Nöll, A; Nouicer, R; Olszewski, A; Pak, R; Park, I C; Pernegger, H; Reed, C; Remsberg, L P; Roland, C; Roland, G; Sagerer, J; Sarin, P; Sawicki, P; Sedykh, I; Skulski, W; Smith, C E; Steinberg, P; Stephans, G S F; Sukhanov, A; Teng, R; Tonjes, M B; Trzupek, A; Vale, C; van Nieuwenhuizen, G J; Verdier, R; Veres, G I; Wadsworth, B; Wolfs, F L H; Wosiek, B; Wozniak, K; Wuosmaa, A H; Wyslouch, B; Zhang, J

2003-01-01

We have measured transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons produced in d+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. The spectra were obtained for transverse momenta 0.25 < p_T < 6.0 GeV/c, in a pseudorapidity range of 0.2 < eta < 1.4 in the deuteron direction. The evolution of the spectra with collision centrality is presented in comparison to p+pbarcollisions at the same collision energy. With increasing centrality, the yield at high transverse momenta increases more rapidly than the overall particle density, leading to a strong modification of the spectral shape. This change in spectral shape is qualitatively different from observations in Au+Au collisions at the same energy. The results provide important information for discriminating between different models for the suppression of high-p_T hadrons observed in Au+Au collisions.

Centrality dependence of charged antiparticle to particle ratios near midrapidity in d+Au collisions at √(sNN )=200 GeV

Science.gov (United States)

Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D.; Ballintijn, M.; Barton, D. S.; Becker, B.; Betts, R. R.; Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Busza, W.; Carroll, A.; Decowski, M. P.; García, E.; Gburek, T.; George, N.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gushue, S.; Halliwell, C.; Hamblen, J.; Harrington, A. S.; Henderson, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Hołyński, R.; Holzman, B.; Iordanova, A.; Johnson, E.; Kane, J. L.; Khan, N.; Kulinich, P.; Kuo, C. M.; Lee, J. W.; Lin, W. T.; Manly, S.; Mignerey, A. C.; Nouicer, R.; Olszewski, A.; Pak, R.; Park, I. C.; Pernegger, H.; Reed, C.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Sagerer, J.; Sarin, P.; Sedykh, I.; Skulski, W.; Smith, C. E.; Steinberg, P.; Stephans, G. S.; Sukhanov, A.; Tonjes, M. B.; Trzupek, A.; Vale, C.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.; Verdier, R.; Veres, G. I.; Wolfs, F. L.; Wosiek, B.; Woźniak, K.; Wysłouch, B.; Zhang, J.

2004-07-01

The ratios of the yields of charged antiparticles to particles have been obtained for pions, kaons, and protons near midrapidity for d+Au collisions at √(sNN )=200 GeV as a function of centrality. The reported values represent the ratio of the yields averaged over the rapidity range of 0.1< yπ <1.3 and 0< yK,p <0.8 , where positive rapidity is in the deuteron direction, and for transverse momenta 0.1< pπ,K T <1 GeV/c and 0.3< ppT <1 GeV/c . Within the uncertainties, a lack of centrality dependence is observed in all three ratios. The data are compared to results from other systems and model calculations.

The impact of Mg contents on Sr partitioning in benthic foraminifers

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Mewes, Antje; Langer, Gerald; Reichart, Gert Jan; de Nooijer, L.J.; Nehrke, Gernot; Bijma, Jelle

2015-01-01

Foraminiferal calcite Mg/Ca (Mg/CaCC) is used in paleoceanographic studies to reconstruct temperature. Furthermore, the Mg/CaCC is influenced by different seawater Mg/Ca (Mg/CaSW). Foraminiferal calcite Sr/Ca (Sr/CaCC) can potentially be used to reconstruct Sr/Ca ratios of seawater (Sr/CaSW). As

Defense AT and L Magazine. Vol. 42, no. 6, November-December 2013

Science.gov (United States)

2013-11-01

Weekes Defense AT&L Editorial Staff Managing Editor/Senior Editor, DAU Press Benjamin Tyree Online Content Editor Collie J. Johnson Production Manager...facilities. POSTMASTER, send address changes to: DEFENSE AT&L DEFENSE ACQUISITION UNIVERSITY ATTN DAU PRESS STE 3 9820 BELVOIR ROAD FT BELVOIR... contacts . We do have an obliga- tion to treat all firms in the same manner—but that doesn’t mean we can’t have conversations with individual firms

Preparation and Hydrogen Storage Properties of Mg-Rich Mg-Ni Ultrafine Particles

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jianxin Zou

2012-01-01

Full Text Available In the present work, Mg-rich Mg-Ni ultrafine powders were prepared through an arc plasma method. The phase components, microstructure, and hydrogen storage properties of the powders were carefully investigated. It is found that Mg2Ni and MgNi2 could be obtained directly from the vapor state reactions between Mg and Ni, depending on the local vapor content in the reaction chamber. A nanostructured MgH2 + Mg2NiH4 hydrogen storage composite could be generated after hydrogenation of the Mg-Ni ultrafine powders. After dehydrogenation, MgH2 and Mg2NiH4 decomposed into nanograined Mg and Mg2Ni, respectively. Thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC analyses showed that Mg2NiH4 phase may play a catalytic role in the dehydriding process of the hydrogenated Mg ultrafine particles.

Radioactivity of β / γ and the Content of Ca, Fe, Mn, Mg, Na on the Spring of Ponorogo East Java Lime Area

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sutjipto

2002-01-01

Radioactivity of β / γ and the content of Ca, Fe, Mn, Mg, Na on the source of Ponorogo East-Java lime area has been studied. This research was carried out to know radioactivity of β / γ and the content of Ca, Fe, Mn, Mg, Na on the spring of different three places were Ngebel-lake source, Ngembak source and Gonggang source. Samples taken, preparation and analysis based on the procedures of environmental radioactivity analysis and water sampling guidelines. The instrument used for the analysis radioactivity were low level β counter modified P3TM-BATAN Yogyakarta with detector GM and spectrometer γ with detector Ge(Li). Radioactivity of β (gross) from the source of different three places (β ≤ 1 Bq/L) are lower than the value of PPRI No. 20/1990. Radioactivity of γ comes from the natural radionuclides of Tl-208 and K-40 are lower than 1 Bq/L for the different of three places, respectively. The metals concentration of Ngebel-lake source were Ca ≤ 14.34 ppm; Fe ≤ 0.04 ppm; Mn ≤ 0.02 ppm; Mg ≤ 6.75 ppm; Na ≤ 14.63 ppm, Ngembak source were Ca ≤ 11.6 ppm; Fe ≤ 0.04 ppm; Mn ≤ 0.02 ppm; Mg ≤ 11.13 ppm; Na ≤ 16.75 ppm and Gonggang source were Ca ≤ 13.78 ppm; Fe ≤ 0.26 ppm; Mn ≤ 0.02 ppm; Mg ≤ 6.13 ppm; Na ≤ 15.00 ppm. The water of Ngebel-lake source, Ngembak source and Gonggang source can be classified as B category water based on radioactivity and the content of the metals concentration in its. (author)

Defense AT and L Magazine. Vol. 42, no. 5, September-October 2013

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-01

DAU Visual Arts and Press Randy Weekes Defense AT&L Editorial Staff Managing Editor/Senior Editor, DAU Press Benjamin Tyree Online Content Editor... ROAD FT BELVOIR VA 22060-5565 Disclaimer Statements of fact or opinion appearing in Defense AT&L are solely those of the authors and are not nec...programs that we cannot reasonably expect to pay for in the future. The author can be contacted at Chad.Ohlandt@osd.mil. Where Can You Get the Latest

Phase Diagram of Al-Ca-Mg-Si System and Its Application for the Design of Aluminum Alloys with High Magnesium Content

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Nikolay A. Belov

2017-10-01

Full Text Available The phase transformations in the Al-Ca-Mg-Si system have been studied using thermodynamic calculations and experimental methods. We show that at 10% Magnesium (Mg, depending on the concentrations of calcium (Ca and silicon (Si, the following phases crystallize first (apart from the aluminum (Al solid solution: Al4Ca, Mg2Si, and Al2CaSi2. We have found that the major part of the calculated concentration range is covered by the region of the primary crystallization of the Al2CaSi2 phase. Regardless of the Ca and Si content, the solidification of the aluminum-magnesium alloys ends with the following nonvariant eutectic reaction: L → (Al + Al4Ca + Mg2Si + Al3Mg2. With respect to the temperature and composition of the liquid phase, this reaction is close to the eutectic reaction in the Al-Mg binary system. The addition of Ca and Si to the Al-10% Mg base alloy increases its hardness, reduces its density, and has no negative influence on its corrosion resistance. We have also established that the near-eutectic alloy containing about 3% Ca and 1% Si has the optimum structure.

Catalytic activity of Co-Mg-Al, Cu-Mg-Al and Cu-Co-Mg-Al mixed oxides derived from hydrotalcites in SCR of NO with ammonia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chmielarz, Lucjan; Kustrowski, Piotr; Rafalska-Lasocha, Alicja [Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow (Poland); Majda, Dorota; Dziembaj, Roman [Regional Laboratory for Physicochemical Analyses and Structural Research, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow (Poland)

2002-01-10

M-Mg-Al hydrotalcites (where M=Cu{sup 2+}, Co{sup 2+} and Cu{sup 2+}+Co{sup 2+}) with M ranging from 5 to 20% (as atomic ratio) were prepared by co-precipitation method. Obtained samples were characterised by XRD and TGA techniques. The influence of transition metal content on thermal decomposition of hydrotalcites was observed. Calcination of the hydrotalcites at 600C resulted in the formation of mixed oxides with surface areas in the range 71-154m{sup 2}/g. Calcined hydrotalcites were tested as catalysts in the selective reduction of NO with ammonia (NO-SCR). The catalytic activity depends on the kind of transition metal, as well as its content. For the NO-SCR the following reactivity order was found: Cu-Mg-Al>Cu-Co-Mg-Al>Co-Mg-Al. Temperature-programmed methods (TPD, TPSR, stop flow-TPD), as well as FT-IR spectroscopy have been applied to determine interaction of NO and NH{sub 3} molecules with the catalyst surface.

PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MATERI PENYESUAIAN MAKHLUK HIDUP DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF METODE THINK-PAIR-SHARE DIPADU DENGAN METODE PICTURE AND PICTURE PADA SISWA KELAS V-A SD MUHAMMADIYAH 8 DAU MALANG

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Citra Marina

2015-03-01

Full Text Available From interviews result, we can say 45% of the number of students has a low learning outcomes. The research purposes are: To determine the increase in the learning material adjustment Beings through cooperative learning combined the TPS method with P & P method at the VA graders SD Muhammadiyah 8 Dau Malang. Implementation of TPS learning combined with P & P already performing optimally. Based on the results of correcting data analysis sheet formative test on cycle-3 students who scored> SKM as many as 27 people (90%,whereas the received value

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-5Mg-0.8Mn Alloys with Various Contents of Fe and Si Cast under Near-Rapid Cooling

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Yulin Liu

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Al-5Mg-0.8Mn alloys (AA5083 with various iron and silicon contents were cast under near-rapid cooling and rolled into sheets. The aim was to study the feasibility of minimizing the deteriorating level of the harmful Fe-rich phases on the mechanical properties through refining the intermetallics by significantly increasing the casting rate. The results showed that the size and density of the intermetallic particles that remained in the hot bands and the cold rolled sheets increased as the contents of iron and silicon in the alloys were increased. However, the increment of the particle sizes was limited due to the significant refinement of the intermetallics formed during casting under near-rapid cooling. The mechanical properties of the alloys reduced as the contents of iron and silicon in the alloys increased. However, the decrement of tensile strengths and ductility was quite small. Therefore, higher contents of iron and silicon could be used in the Al-5Mg-0.8Mn alloy (AA5083 alloy when the material is cast under near-rapid cooling, such as in the continuous strip casting process.

Effect of MgSO4 on the contents of Ca2+ in brain cell and NO in brain tissue of rats with radiation-induced acute brain injury

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yuan Wenjia; Cui Fengmei; Liu Ping; He Chao; Tu Yu; Wang Lili

2009-01-01

The work is to explore the protection of magnesium sulfate(MgSO 4 ) on radiation-induced acute brain injury. Thirty six mature Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of control, experimental control and experimental therapy group. The whole brains of SD rats of experimental control and experimental therapy group were irradiated with a dose of 20 Gy using 6 MeV electron beam. MgSO 4 was injected into the abdomen of experimental therapy rats group 1 day before, immediately and continue for 5 days after irradiation respectively. The brain tissues were taken on 3, 10, 17 and 24 d after irradiation. Ca 2+ content in brain cell was measured by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and the NO content in brain tissue was detected by the method of nitric acid reductase. Compared with the blank control group, the contents of Ca 2+ in brain cell and NO in brain tissue of the experimental control group increase (P 4 used in early stage can inhibit the contents of Ca 2+ in brain cell and NO in brain tissue after radiation-induced acute brain injury. It means that MgSO 4 has a protective effect on radiation-induced acute brain injury. (authors)

Microstructure, mechanical properties, bio-corrosion properties and cytotoxicity of as-extruded Mg-Sr alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhao, Chaoyong [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044 (China); Pan, Fusheng, E-mail: fspan@cqu.edu.cn [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044 (China); National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044 (China); Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401123 (China); Zhang, Lei; Pan, Hucheng; Song, Kai; Tang, Aitao [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044 (China)

2017-01-01

In this study, as-extruded Mg-Sr alloys were studied for orthopedic application, and the microstructure, mechanical properties, bio-corrosion properties and cytotoxicity of as-extruded Mg-Sr alloys were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, tensile and compressive tests, immersion test, electrochemical test and cytotoxicity test. The results showed that as-extruded Mg-Sr alloys were composed of α-Mg and Mg{sub 17}Sr{sub 2} phases, and the content of Mg{sub 17}Sr{sub 2} phases increased with increasing Sr content. As-extruded Mg-Sr alloy with 0.5 wt.% Sr was equiaxed grains, while the one with a higher Sr content was long elongated grains and the grain size of the long elongated grains decreased with increasing Sr content. Tensile and compressive tests showed an increase of both tensile and compressive strength and a decrease of elongation with increasing Sr content. Immersion and electrochemical tests showed that as-extruded Mg-0.5Sr alloy exhibited the best anti-corrosion property, and the anti-corrosion property of as-extruded Mg-Sr alloys deteriorated with increasing Sr content, which was greatly associated with galvanic couple effect. The cytotoxicity test revealed that as-extruded Mg-0.5Sr alloy did not induce toxicity to cells. These results indicated that as-extruded Mg-0.5Sr alloy with suitable mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and good cytocompatibility was potential as a biodegradable implant for orthopedic application. - Highlights: • Biodegradable as-extruded Mg-Sr alloys were fabricated. • Microstructure of alloys changed with increasing Sr content. • Mechanical properties of alloys could be controlled by adjusting the Sr content. • Corrosion properties of alloys decreased with increasing Sr content. • As-extruded Mg-0.5Sr alloy was potential for orthopedic application.

Synthesis and optical properties of ZnO/MgO nanocomposite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chawla, Santa; Jayanthi, K.; Chander, Harish; Haranath, D.; Halder, S.K.; Kar, M.

2008-01-01

ZnO and its ternary alloy ZnMgO offer an excellent material system with potential in applications related to quantum well and photonic devices in UV and visible. ZnO and ZnO/MgO composite were prepared by solid-state mixing and sintering at high temperature in reducing atmosphere. ZnO/MgO nanocomposites up to 50% Mg content could be prepared by this method. The resultant sample was in powder form and has distribution of grain sizes. X-ray diffraction showed hexagonal ZnO structure with small signature of cubic MgO, which increased with increasing Mg content. Particle size estimated from Scherrer formula was in the range of 40 nm, which reflected the average crystallite size. Photoluminescence (PL) studies showed excitation peak around 290 nm (4.3 eV) and 350 nm (3.5 eV). Pure ZnO nanophosphor showed emission peak around 508 nm, which blue shifted with increasing Mg content. Time resolved decay of PL indicated decay time in the microsecond time scale. Optical absorption spectra showed bandgap about 5.6 eV for ZnO/MgO nanocomposite with 50% Mg content. The optical absorption measurement was done in the colloidal suspension form and it is expected that only nanoparticles of very small grain size were effectively contributing to the optical absorption process. The large bandgap could then be manifestation of quantum size effect

The influences of rare earth content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-7Zn-5Al alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xiao, Wenlong; Shen, Yusen; Wang, Lidong; Wu, Yaoming; Cao, Zhanyi; Jia, Shusheng; Wang, Limin

2010-01-01

The influences of rare earth (RE) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-7Zn-5Al alloy were studied. The results indicate that both the dendrite and grain size of the alloy can be refined by low RE addition. The Al 2 REZn 2 phase will be formed with increasing the RE content, however the high RE addition results in the grain coarsening in the alloy due to the decrease of the contribution of Al and Zn solutes on the grain refinement. The strengthening and weakening mechanisms caused by RE addition only lead to the obviously improve on the room temperature ultimate tensile strength. The mechanical properties of the studied alloys can be improved by aging treatment, and the aged Mg-7Zn-5Al-2RE alloy exhibits optimal mechanical properties at room temperature.

Recovery of SO2 and MgO from By-Products of MgO Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization.

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Yan, Liyun; Lu, Xiaofeng; Wang, Quanhai; Guo, Qiang

2014-11-01

An industrial demonstration unit using natural gas as a heat source was built to calcine the by-products of MgO wet flue gas desulfurization from power plants; influencing factors on the SO 2 content in calciner gas were comprehensively analyzed; and an advantageous recycling condition of MgO and SO 2 from by-products was summarized. Results showed that the SO 2 content in the calciner gas was increased by more than 10 times under a lower excess air coefficient, a higher feed rate, a lower crystal water in by-products, and a higher feed port position. For the tests conducted under the excess air coefficient above and below one, the effect of the furnace temperature on the SO 2 content in the calciner gas was reversed. Results of activity analysis indicate that particles of MgO generated under the calcination temperature of 900-1,000°C had a high activity. In contrast, due to the slight sintering, MgO generated under the calcination temperature of 1,100°C had a low activity. To recycle SO 2 as well as MgO, a temperature range of 900-927°C for TE103 is proposed. These studies will prompt the desulfurization market diversification, reduce the sulfur's dependence on imports for making sulfuric acid, be meaningful to balance the usage of the natural resource in China, and be regarded as a reference for the development of this technology for other similar developing countries.

Characterization of Mg-containing hydroxyapatites synthesized by combustion method

Science.gov (United States)

Kaygili, Omer; Keser, Serhat; Bulut, Niyazi; Ates, Tankut

2018-05-01

In the present paper, Mg-substituted hydroxyapatites with the morphology, composed of the stacked plate- and rod-like structures, were prepared at the temperature of 600 °C by combustion method using glycerine as a fuel. A significant decrease in the crystallite size values calculated for both Scherrer and Williamson-Hall methods is found. The crystallinity, lattice parameter of a, stress and anisotropic energy density values decreased by adding of Mg, whereas the lattice strain increased. The amount of HAp phase decreases with increasing amount of Mg and the β-tricalcium phosphate content increases. Mg incorporation the apatitic structure was detected. Depending on the increase in Mg content, Ca-deficiency was observed.

Impact of Mg content on native point defects in MgxZn1−xO (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.56

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J. Perkins

2015-06-01

Full Text Available We used depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and surface photovoltage spectroscopy to measure the densities, energy levels, and spatial distributions of zinc/magnesium cation and oxygen vacancies in isostructural, single-phase, non-polar MgxZn1−xO alloys over a wide (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.56 range. Within this wide range, both defect types exhibit strong Mg content-dependent surface segregation and pronounced bulk density minima corresponding to unit cell volume minima, which can inhibit defect formation due to electrostatic repulsion. Mg in ZnO significantly reduces native defect densities and their non-polar surface segregation, both major factors in carrier transport and doping of these oxide semiconductors.

Chiral magnetic effect search in p+Au, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at RHIC

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Jie

2018-01-01

Metastable domains of fluctuating topological charges can change the chirality of quarks and induce local parity violation in quantum chromodynamics. This can lead to observable charge separation along the direction of the strong magnetic field produced by spectator protons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, a phenomenon called the chiral magnetic effect (CME). A major background source for CME measurements using the charge-dependent azimuthal correlator (Δϒ) is the intrinsic particle correlations (such as resonance decays) coupled with the azimuthal elliptical anisotropy (v2). In heavy-ion collisions, the magnetic field direction and event plane angle are correlated, thus the CME and the v2-induced background are entangled. In this report, we present two studies from STAR to shed further lights on the background issue. (1) The Δϒ should be all background in small system p+Au and d+Au collisions, because the event plane angles are dominated by geometry fluctuations uncorrelated to the magnetic field direction. However, significant Δϒ is observed, comparable to the peripheral Au+Au data, suggesting a background dominance in the latter, and likely also in the mid-central Au+Au collisions where the multiplicity and v2 scaled correlator is similar. (2) A new approach is devised to study Δϒ as a function of the particle pair invariant mass (minv) to identify the resonance backgrounds and hence to extract the possible CME signal. Signal is consistent with zero within uncertainties at high minv. Signal at low minv, extracted from a two-component model assuming smooth mass dependence, is consistent with zero within uncertainties.

Transformation of Mg-bearing amorphous calcium carbonate to Mg-calcite - In situ monitoring

Science.gov (United States)

Purgstaller, Bettina; Mavromatis, Vasileios; Immenhauser, Adrian; Dietzel, Martin

2016-02-01

The formation of Mg-bearing calcite via an amorphous precursor is a poorly understood process that is of relevance for biogenic and abiogenic carbonate precipitation. In order to gain an improved insight on the controls of Mg incorporation in calcite formed via an Mg-rich amorphous calcium carbonate (Mg-ACC) precursor, the precipitation of Mg-ACC and its transformation to Mg-calcite was monitored by in situ Raman spectroscopy. The experiments were performed at 25.0 ± 0.03 °C and pH 8.3 ± 0.1 and revealed two distinct pathways of Mg-calcite formation: (i) At initial aqueous Mg/Ca molar ratios ⩽ 1:6, Mg-calcite formation occurs via direct precipitation from solution. (ii) Conversely, at higher initial Mg/Ca molar ratios, Mg-calcite forms via an intermediate Mg-rich ACC phase. In the latter case, the final product is a calcite with up to 20 mol% Mg. This Mg content is significant higher than that of the Mg-rich ACC precursor phase. Thus, a strong net uptake of Mg ions from the solution into the crystalline precipitate throughout and also subsequent to ACC transformation is postulated. Moreover, the temporal evolution of the geochemical composition of the reactive solution and the Mg-ACC has no significant effect on the obtained ;solubility product; of Mg-ACC. The enrichment of Mg in calcite throughout and subsequent to Mg-ACC transformation is likely affected by the high aqueous Mg/Ca ratio and carbonate alkalinity concentrations in the reactive solution. The experimental results have a bearing on the formation mechanism of Mg-rich calcites in marine early diagenetic environments, where high carbonate alkalinity concentrations are the rule rather than the exception, and on the insufficiently investigated inorganic component of biomineralisation pathways in many calcite secreting organisms.

Proton Motive Force-Driven and ATP-Dependent Drug Extrusion Systems in Multidrug-Resistant Lactococcus lactis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

BOLHUIS, H; MOLENAAR, D; POELARENDS, G; VANVEEN, HW; POOLMAN, B; DRIESSEN, AJM; KONINGS, WN

1994-01-01

Three mutants of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis MG1363, termed Eth(R), Dau(R), and Rho(R), were selected for resistance to high concentrations of ethidium bromide, daunomycin, and rhodamine 6G, respectively. These mutants were found to be cross resistant to a number of structurally and

Microstructure, mechanical properties, bio-corrosion properties and cytotoxicity of as-extruded Mg-Sr alloys.

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Zhao, Chaoyong; Pan, Fusheng; Zhang, Lei; Pan, Hucheng; Song, Kai; Tang, Aitao

2017-01-01

In this study, as-extruded Mg-Sr alloys were studied for orthopedic application, and the microstructure, mechanical properties, bio-corrosion properties and cytotoxicity of as-extruded Mg-Sr alloys were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, tensile and compressive tests, immersion test, electrochemical test and cytotoxicity test. The results showed that as-extruded Mg-Sr alloys were composed of α-Mg and Mg 17 Sr 2 phases, and the content of Mg 17 Sr 2 phases increased with increasing Sr content. As-extruded Mg-Sr alloy with 0.5wt.% Sr was equiaxed grains, while the one with a higher Sr content was long elongated grains and the grain size of the long elongated grains decreased with increasing Sr content. Tensile and compressive tests showed an increase of both tensile and compressive strength and a decrease of elongation with increasing Sr content. Immersion and electrochemical tests showed that as-extruded Mg-0.5Sr alloy exhibited the best anti-corrosion property, and the anti-corrosion property of as-extruded Mg-Sr alloys deteriorated with increasing Sr content, which was greatly associated with galvanic couple effect. The cytotoxicity test revealed that as-extruded Mg-0.5Sr alloy did not induce toxicity to cells. These results indicated that as-extruded Mg-0.5Sr alloy with suitable mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and good cytocompatibility was potential as a biodegradable implant for orthopedic application. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

First-principle Calculations of Mechanical Properties of Al2Cu, Al2CuMg and MgZn2 Intermetallics in High Strength Aluminum Alloys

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LIAO Fei

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Structural stabilities, mechanical properties and electronic structures of Al2Cu, Al2CuMg and MgZn2 intermetallics in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloys were determined from the first-principle calculations by VASP based on the density functional theory. The results show that the cohesive energy (Ecoh decreases in the order MgZn2 > Al2CuMg > Al2Cu, whereas the formation enthalpy (ΔH decreases in the order MgZn2 > Al2Cu > Al2CuMg. Al2Cu can act as a strengthening phase for its ductile and high Young's modulus. The Al2CuMg phase exhibits elastic anisotropy and may act as a crack initiation point. MgZn2 has good plasticity and low melting point, which is the main strengthening phase in the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloys. Metallic bonding mode coexists with a fractional ionic interaction in Al2Cu, Al2CuMg and MgZn2, and that improves the structural stability. In order to improve the alloys' performance further, the generation of MgZn2 phase should be promoted by increasing Zn content while Mg and Cu contents are decreased properly.

Mg-containing hydroxyapatite coatings on Ti-6Al-4V alloy for dental materials

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Ji-Min; Choe, Han-Cheol

2018-02-01

In this study, Mg-containing hydroxyapatite coatings on Ti-6A1-4 V alloy for dental materials were researched using various experimental instruments. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) was performed in electrolytes containing Mg (symbols of specimens: CaP, 5M%, 10M%, and 20M%) at 280 V for 3 min. The electrolyte used for PEO was produced by mixing Ca(CH3COO)2·H2O, C3H7NaCaO6P, and MgCl2·6H2O. The phases and composition of the oxide films were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The irregularity of the surface, pore size, and number of pores decreased as the Mg concentration increased. The ratio of the areas occupied and not occupied by pores decreased as the Mg concentration increased, with the numbers of both large and small pores decreasing with increasing Mg concentration. The number of particles on the internal surfaces of pores was increased as the Mg content increased. Mg content of all samples containing Mg ions showed higher in the pore outside than that of pore inside, whereas the Ca content was higher inside the pores. The P content of samples with the addition of Mg ions showed higher values inside the pores than outside. The Ca/P and [Mg + Ca]/P molar ratios in the PEO films decreased with Mg content. The crystallite size of anatase was increased with increasing Mg concentration in the solution.

Deep levels in a-plane, high Mg-content MgxZn1−xO epitaxial layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gür, Emre; Tabares, G.; Hierro, A.; Arehart, A.; Ringel, S. A.; Chauveau, J. M.

2012-01-01

Deep level defects in n-type unintentionally doped a-plane Mg x Zn 1−x O, grown by molecular beam epitaxy on r-plane sapphire were fully characterized using deep level optical spectroscopy (DLOS) and related methods. Four compositions of Mg x Zn 1−x O were examined with x = 0.31, 0.44, 0.52, and 0.56 together with a control ZnO sample. DLOS measurements revealed the presence of five deep levels in each Mg-containing sample, having energy levels of E c − 1.4 eV, 2.1 eV, 2.6 V, and E v + 0.3 eV and 0.6 eV. For all Mg compositions, the activation energies of the first three states were constant with respect to the conduction band edge, whereas the latter two revealed constant activation energies with respect to the valence band edge. In contrast to the ternary materials, only three levels, at E c − 2.1 eV, E v + 0.3 eV, and 0.6 eV, were observed for the ZnO control sample in this systematically grown series of samples. Substantially higher concentrations of the deep levels at E v + 0.3 eV and E c − 2.1 eV were observed in ZnO compared to the Mg alloyed samples. Moreover, there is a general invariance of trap concentration of the E v + 0.3 eV and 0.6 eV levels on Mg content, while at least and order of magnitude dependency of the E c − 1.4 eV and E c − 2.6 eV levels in Mg alloyed samples.

The Microstructure and Tensile Properties of a Newly Developed Mg-Al/Mg3Sb2 In Situ Composite in As-Cast and Extruded Conditions

Science.gov (United States)

Montajabnia, A.; Pourbahari, B.; Emamy, M.

2018-04-01

The microstructures and tensile properties of Mg-x wt%Al-y wt%Sb alloys have been studied where x/y ratio was 1 and Sb(Al) contents were 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%, respectively. The results indicated that by increasing Sb(Al) content, not only the crystals of primary Mg3Sb2 alter from small flake-like particles to polygonal or needle-like morphology, but also the eutectic structure changes from semi-continuous network in Mg-5Al-5Sb to continuous network in Mg-20Sb-20Al alloy. The results obtained from thermal analysis revealed different peaks related to the formation of Mg3Sb2 as primary phase and eutectic structure containing Mg17Al12 + Al3Mg2 intermetallic phases. Further results also revealed that Sb(Al) additions change the solidification performance of the material by depressing the Mg3Sb2 nucleation temperature, reducing solidification range and widening eutectic area. Tensile testing results showed that with the increase in Sb (Al) content, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation values of the alloys are decreased in as-cast condition. But, significant improvement in the UTS and elongation values of the extruded specimens was attributed to the severe fragmentation of intermetallic phases and well distributed fine particles in the matrix which provided proper obstacles for dislocation motion. It was interesting to note that the fracture behavior of intermetallic particles was found to be different, while Mg3Sb2 was ductile, intermetallic compounds in eutectic regions were brittle.

Microstructure, corrosion behavior and cytotoxicity of biodegradable Mg-Sn implant alloys prepared by sub-rapid solidification.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Chaoyong; Pan, Fusheng; Zhao, Shuang; Pan, Hucheng; Song, Kai; Tang, Aitao

2015-09-01

In this study, biodegradable Mg-Sn alloys were fabricated by sub-rapid solidification, and their microstructure, corrosion behavior and cytotoxicity were investigated by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, immersion test, potentiodynamic polarization test and cytotoxicity test. The results showed that the microstructure of Mg-1Sn alloy was almost equiaxed grain, while the Mg-Sn alloys with higher Sn content (Sn≥3 wt.%) displayed α-Mg dendrites, and the secondary dendrite arm spacing of the primary α-Mg decreased significantly with increasing Sn content. The Mg-Sn alloys consisted of primary α-Mg matrix, Sn-rich segregation and Mg2Sn phase, and the amount of Mg2Sn phases increased with increasing Sn content. Potentiodynamic polarization and immersion tests revealed that the corrosion rates of Mg-Sn alloys increased with increasing Sn content. Cytotoxicity test showed that Mg-1Sn and Mg-3Sn alloys were harmless to MG63 cells. These results of the present study indicated that Mg-1Sn and Mg-3Sn alloys were promising to be used as biodegradable implants. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Synthesis, crystal growth and structure of Mg containing β-rhombohedral boron: MgB17.4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adasch, Volker; Hess, Kai-Uwe; Ludwig, Thilo; Vojteer, Natascha; Hillebrecht, Harald

2006-01-01

For the first time, single crystals of Mg containing β-rhombohedral boron MgB 17.4 were synthesised from the elements in a Mg/Cu melt at 1600deg. C. The crystal structure determined by the refinement of single crystal data (space group R-3m, a=10.991(2)A, c=24.161(4)A, 890 reflections, 123 variables, R 1 (F)=0.049, wR 2 (I)=0.122) improves and modifies the former structure model derived from earlier investigations on powder samples. Mg is located on four different positions with partial occupation. While the occupation of the sites D (53.3%), E (91%) and F (7.2%) is already known from other boron-rich borides related to β-rhombohedral boron, the occupation of the fourth position (18h, 6.7%) is observed for the first time. Two boron positions show partial occupation. The summation reveals the composition MgB 17.4 and Mg 5.85 B 101.9 , respectively, confirmed by WDX measurements. The single crystals of MgB 17.4 show the highest Mg content ever found. Preliminary measurements indicate no superconductivity

TEM Nanostructural Study of Al-6Si-3Cu-Mg Melt-Spun Ribbons

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Ismeli Alfonso López

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Three quaternary Al-6Si-3Cu-xMg (x = 0.59, 3.80, and 6.78 wt.% alloys were produced by melt-spun and characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD, transmission electron microscopy (TEM, and microhardness techniques. Obtained second phases were Al2Cu( for the alloy with 0.59% Mg and Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 (Q for the alloys with 3.80 and 6.78% Mg. These phases are present as 30–50 nm or as 5–10 nm nanoparticles. Alloying elements content in solid solution increased, mainly for Si and Mg. The high alloying elements content in solid solution and the small -Al cell size for melt-spun alloys leads to microhardness values about 2 times higher than those of ingot counterparts. The microhardness increase for melt-spun alloys with 3.80 and 6.78% Mg depends on Mg content in solid solution.

Structural and optical properties of ZnMgO nanostructures formed by Mg in-diffused ZnO nanowires

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pan, C.-J.; Hsu, H.-C.; Cheng, H.-M.; Wu, C.-Y.; Hsieh, W.-F.

2007-01-01

ZnMgO nanostructures with wurtzite phase were prepared by thermal diffusion of Mg into the ZnO nanowires. As ZnO light-emitting devices have been operated by using ZnMgO layers as energy barrier layers to confine the carriers, it is essential to realize the characterization of ZnMgO particularly. In this work, the Mg content in Zn 1 -x Mg x O alloy determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) shows a good coincidence. The variation of lattice constant and the blueshift of near-band-edge emission indicate that Zn 2+ ions are successfully substituted by Mg 2+ ions in the ZnO lattice. In Raman-scattering studies, the change of E 2 (high) phonon line shape in ZnO:Mg nanostructures reveals the microscopic substitutional disorder. In addition to the host phonons of ZnO, two additional bands around 383 and 510 cm -1 are presumably attributed to the Mg-related vibrational modes. - Graphical abstract: We reported the synthesis of the ZnMgO nanostructures prepared by a simple vapor transport method. Magnesium-related anomalous modes are observed by Raman spectra for the first time in ZnMgO system

Instrumental neutron-activation analysis applications in the age dynamics assessment of Ca, Cl, K, Mg. Mn, Na, P, and Sr contents in the human cortical bone

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zaichick, V.

2003-01-01

Full text: Senile osteoporosis and particularly osteoporosis among postmenopausal women represents an urgent problem of modern medicine. One of the main osteoporosis symptoms is a decrease in both bone mineral density and subsequent bone strength. The upper extremity of the femur in humans is a particularly vulnerable section of the skeleton, being subject to fracture and necrosis and to destruction of its cartilage. Iliac crest biopsies are commonly taken clinically on patients. It is known that the control of the mineral component providing bone strength is a good indicator to detect bone diseases like osteoporosis. Despite this, changes of chemical element contents occurring with age in the femoral head and the iliac crest of female and male separately have been little studied, but in iliac cortical bone have not been studied at all. The effect of age and sex on chemical element contents in intact cortical bone of femoral neck and iliac crest of 81 relatively healthy 15-55 years old women (n=36) and men (n=45) was investigated. All subjects had died suddenly and bone samples were obtained at necropsy from the right side of bodies within twenty-four hours after death. A tool made of titanium and plastic was used to clear samples from soft tissues and blood and to cut cortical part of bone. The IAEA and NIST reference materials (H-5 animal bone and SRM1486 bone meal) were used to estimate the precision and accuracy of results. Contents of Ca, Cl, K, Mg> Mn, Na, P, and Sr in intact bone samples were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis using short-lived radionuclides. Our means data for each element of reference materials were within the certified 95 % confidence interval, and indicate an acceptable accuracy of the obtained results. No age- and sex-related differences in the cortical femoral neck composition were detected. Mean values (M±S.E.M.) of Ca, Cl, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions (on dry weight basis) for female and male all

Solar-blind wurtzite MgZnO alloy films stabilized by Be doping

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Su, Longxing; Zhu, Yuan; Zhang, Quanlin; Chen, Mingming; Ji, Xu; Wu, Tianzhun; Gui, Xuchun; Xiang, Rong; Tang, Zikang; Pan, Bicai

2013-01-01

Mg x Zn 1−x O alloy films were deposited on c-plane sapphire substrates by radio frequency plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (rf-PMBE). The phase segregation occurred when x was larger than 33%. Be doping was found experimentally able to stabilize the high-Mg-content MgZnO alloy. By alloying 1–2% Be into MgZnO, the band gap of as-prepared quaternary alloys can be raised to the solar-blind range (4.5 eV). Calculated formation energy of the alloys based on first principle reveals that a small amount of Be incorporation can reduce the formation energy of high-Mg-content MgZnO alloys and results in a more stable system, which justifies our experimental observations. (paper)

The role of Mg in the crystallization of monohydrocalcite

Science.gov (United States)

Rodriguez-Blanco, Juan Diego; Shaw, Samuel; Bots, Pieter; Roncal-Herrero, Teresa; Benning, Liane G.

2014-02-01

Monohydrocalcite is a member of the carbonate family which forms in Mg-rich environments at a wide range of Mg/Ca ratios Mg2+aq/Ca2+aq≥0.17stock solutions. However, its crystallite and particle size are inversely proportional to these parameters. At high supersaturations (SIMHC = 3.89) nanometer-sized single crystals of monohydrocalcite form, while at low values (SIMHC = 2.43) the process leads to low-angle branching spherulites. Many carbonates produced during biomineralization form at similar conditions to most synthetic monohydrocalcites, and thus we hypothesize that some calcite or aragonite deposits found in the geologic record that have formed at high Mg/Ca ratios could be secondary in origin and may have originally formed via a metastable monohydrocalcite intermediate. High-Mg monohydrocalcite (χMgCO3 > 0.06) consists of individual nanometer-sized crystals (500 °C (Fig. 9b). Such high-Mg monohydrocalcites are uncommon in nature, but can be synthesized in the laboratory at high initial supersaturation levels (SI > 3.25). Low-Mg monohydrocalcite (χMgCO3 bonded to Mg, so it fully dehydrates at low temperatures (150-200 °C). They have the same composition as natural monohydrocalcites reported in the literature, and can be synthesized in the laboratory at lower supersaturation levels (SI relationships. Firstly, our on-line experiment shows an increase in nanocrystal sizes during the secondary crystallization of monohydrocalcite, which is coupled with a significant decrease in χMgCO3 (from ˜0.26 to ˜0.065). This corresponds to the transition from high- to low-Mg monohydrocalcite, suggesting that the former would be metastable and rapidly transforming to the latter, possibly triggered by the removal of Mg from aqueous solution. Secondly, Davis et al. (2000) determined that the solubility of Mg-calcite (Ca1-xMgxCO3; x = 0-0.20) varies by approximately half an order of magnitude depending on the Mg content of the solid (Ksp = 10-8.0-10-8.5). A similar

Effect of Cu content on the microstructure evolution and fracture behavior of Al-Mg-Si-xCu (x  =  0, 1, 2 and 4 wt.%) alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Rahman, Tanzilur; Sakib Rahman, Saadman; Zurais Ibne Ashraf, Md; Ibn Muneer, Khalid; Rashed, H. M. Mamun Al

2017-10-01

Lightweighting automobiles can dramatically reduce their consumption of fossil fuels and the atmospheric CO2 concentration. Heat-treatable Al-Mg-Si has attracted a great deal of research interest due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, good formability, and resistance to corrosion. In the past, it has been reported that the mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si can be ameliorated by the addition of Cu. However, determining the right amount of Cu content still remains a challenge. To address this the microstructure evolution, phase transformation, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior of Al-Mg-Si-xCu (x  =  0, 1, 2 and 4 wt.%) alloys were studied through optical and field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, hardness measurements, and tensile tests. The obtained results indicate that the addition of Cu of up to 4 wt.% improved the hardness (17.5% increase) of the alloy, but reduced its ductility. Moreover, an alloy with 4 wt.% Cu fractured in a brittle manner while Al-Mg-Si showed ductile fracture mechanism. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed five exothermic peaks in all Cu containing alloys. Our results also showed that θʹ and Qʹ-type intermetallic phases formed owing to the addition of Cu, which affected the strength and ductility. Thus, Al-Mg-Si-xCu alloy with the right amount of Cu content serves as an excellent candidate for replacing more costly alloys for cost-effective lightweighting and other applications.

Susceptibility testing for welding of AlMg alloys intended for extrusion

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J. Borowski

2016-07-01

Full Text Available The objective of research was to determine the weldability, using Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG of extruded sections made of hard-deformable 5xxx series aluminum alloys with differing magnesium content, i.e. AlMg3, AlMg4,5, AlMg5, AlMg7. Welded joints were obtained as a result of a welding process consisting of several steps. Only welds characterized by very good appearance and quality were selected for tests. As a result of conducted research, TIG welding parameters were determined for sections with a thickness of 8 mm. It was observed that alloys of differing Mg content are characterized by high weldability and do not exhibit a significant reduction of the yield point. Moreover, joints exhibit uniform hardness distribution in the welded joint and heat-affected zone. Tensile strength is reduced.

Ultraviolet detecting properties of amorphous MgInO thin film phototransistors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lu, Huiling; Bi, Xiaobin; Zhang, Shengdong; Zhou, Hang

2015-01-01

The ultraviolet (UV) detecting properties of Mg doped In 2 O 3 (MgInO or MIO) bottom gate thin film transistors (TFTs) were investigated. The optical measurements show that the introduction of Mg dopants effectively widens the optical band gap of In 2 O 3 . The cutoff wavelength of MIO films is pushed to deep UV as Mg content increases. Fabricated MIO TFTs with high Mg content demonstrate appraisable UV detecting properties with a dark current of 10 −14 A, a UV to visible rejection ratio of 10 3 , a responsivity of 3.2 A/W (300 nm) and a cutoff wavelength of 320 nm, which can be put to good use in deep UV detection. The dynamic photo-response measurement shows that the persistent photo-conductivity (PPC) effect can be alleviated by imposing a transient positive gate pulse. (paper)

Casting defects and mechanical properties of high pressure die cast Mg-Zn-Al-RE alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xiao, Wenlong; Easton, Mark A.; Zhu, Suming; Nie, Jianfeng [CAST Cooperative Research Centre, Department of Materials Engineering Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (Australia); Dargusch, Matthew S. [School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD (Australia); Gibson, Mark A. [CSIRO Process Science and Engineering, Melbourne, VIC (Australia); Jia, Shusheng [Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin University, Changchun (China)

2012-02-15

The die casting defects and tensile properties of high pressure die cast (HPDC) Mg-Zn-Al-RE alloys with various combinations of Zn and Al were studied. The results show that die casting defects in Mg-Zn-Al-RE alloys are affected by the percentage of Zn and Al contents. The hot tearing susceptibility (HTS) of Mg-Zn-Al-RE alloys tends to increase with increasing Zn content up to 6 wt%, while a further increase of Al and/or Zn content reduces the HTS. In tensile tests, the yield strength (YS) is generally improved by increasing Zn or Al content, whereas the tensile strength (TS) and ductility appear to depend largely on the presence of casting defects. Compared with Mg-Zn-Al alloys, the mechanical properties of the Mg-Zn-Al-RE alloy are significantly improved. The Mg-4Zn-4Al-4RE alloy is found to have few casting defects and the optimal tensile properties. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

The influence of metal Mg on micro-morphology and crystallinity of spherical hexagonal boron nitride

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Ning, E-mail: zhangning5832@163.com; Liu, Huan; Kan, Hongmin; Wang, Xiaoyang; Long, Haibo; Zhou, Yonghui

2015-08-15

Highlights: • The action mechanism of Mg to the synthesis of spherical BN was explored. • The influence of Mg content on the crystallinity of h-BN powders was studied. • Even if not added any template, the spherical h-BN could be prepared. - Abstract: This search used the boric acid and borax as a source of boron, urea as a nitrogen source, Mg as metal catalyst, and thus prepared different micro-morphology and crystallinity hexagonal boron nitride powders under a flowing ammonia atmosphere at a nitriding temperature of 750 °C. The effect of Mg content on the crystallinity and micro-morphology of hexagonal boron nitride powders was studied, and the Mg action mechanism was explored. Without the added surfactant, the graphitization index (GI) was 6.87, and the diameter of the spherical h-BN was bigger. When the added Mg were 0.1 g, 0.3 g, 0.5 g and 0.7 g, the (GI) decreased to 6.04, 5.67, 4.62 and 4.84, respectively. When the Mg content was higher (0.9 g), GI value increased rapidly, and the crystallinity became bad. When the Mg content was 0.5 g, the dispersion of h-BN powders was at its optimum and refinement apparently, and the crystallinity at its highest.

Effect of Al on Grain Refinement and Mechanical Properties of Mg-3Nd Casting Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Lei; Feng, Yicheng; Wang, Liping; Chen, Yanhong; Guo, Erjun

2018-05-01

The effect of Al on the grain refinement and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-3Nd alloy was investigated systematically by a series of microstructural analysis, solidification analysis and tensile tests. The results show that Al has an obvious refining effect on the as-cast Mg-3Nd alloy. With increasing Al content, the grain size of the as-cast Mg-3Nd alloy decreases firstly, then increases slightly after the Al content reaching 3 wt.%, and the minimum grain size of the Mg-3Nd alloy is 48 ± 4.0 μm. The refining mechanism can be attributed to the formation of Al2Nd particles, which play an important role in the heterogeneous nucleation. The strength and elongation of the Mg-3Nd alloy refined by Al also increase with increasing Al content and slightly decrease when the Al content is more than 3 wt.%, and the strengthening mechanism is attributed to the grain refinement as well as dispersed intermetallic particles. Furthermore, the microstructural thermal stability of the Mg-3Nd-3Al alloy is higher than that of the Mg-3Nd-0.5Zr alloy. Overall, the Mg-3Nd alloy with Al addition is a novel alloy with wide and potential application prospects.

Trace element contents in raw materials and products of the confectionary industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bodnar, J.; Kiss, B.

1984-01-01

Based on measurements by X-ray radiation analysis, the zinc content of raw ingredients for the confectionary industry varies between 27,2 and 56,4 mg/kg and their copper content between 6,2 and 34,3 mg/kg. The same values for bitter chocolates: 22,3 to 28,8 mg/kg for zinc and 10,8 to 18,8 mg/kg for copper resp.; values in milk chocolates: 15,9 to 19,8 mg/kg (zinc) and 2,6 to 6,1 mg/kg (copper). Contents of zinc and copper in cocoa powders are much higher than the above values: 78,1 to 102,5 mg/kg (zinc) and 45,9 to 48,6 mg/kg (copper), resp. Zinc and copper contents in the end products depend in the first place on the raw ingredients; contamination during manufacturing is unlikely. (author)

Phenolic content of Sicilian virgin olive oils and their effect on MG-63 human osteoblastic cell proliferation

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García-Martínez, O.

2014-09-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was, first, to investigate the influence of olive variety and elevation of orchards on the phenolic compound content of Sicilian virgin olive oils (VOOs and, second, to investigate the effects of VOO phenolic extracts on osteoblast cell growth using the human MG-63 osteosarcoma cell line. Olive oil phenolic content and its effect on human osteosarcoma cell proliferation varied according to the type of cultivar and the grove altitude. This variation was also observed within the same type of cultivar. This observation demonstrates that the cultivar and the grove location can significantly affect the chemical composition and bioactivity of virgin olive oil. Although this study supports the hypothesis that virgin olive oil phenolic fractions exert a beneficial effect on bone health, further studies assessing the in vivo accessibility of virgin olive oil phenolic compounds to osteoblast cells should be carried out.El objetivo del presente trabajo es investigar la influencia de la variedad y la altitud del cultivo en el contenido fenólico de aceites de oliva virgen Sicilianos. Asimismo, se ha investigado el efecto de los extractos fenólicos de los aceites en el crecimiento de osteoblastos usando la línea celular de osteosarcoma humano MG-63. El contenido fenólico y el efecto de los extractos analizados en la proliferación de la línea celular osteoblástica muestra una variabilidad consistente de acuerdo con el tipo y la altitud del cultivo. Estos datos demuestran que estas características pueden afectar significativamente la composición química y los efectos en salud del aceite de oliva virgen. Los resultados de este trabajo soportan la hipótesis de que las fracciones fenólicas de los aceites de oliva vírgenes ejercen un efecto beneficioso en la salud ósea. Asimismo, se deben realizar más estudios que establezcan la accesibilidad in vivo de los compuestos fenólicos del aceite de oliva virgen a las células osteoblásticas.

SIMS and Raman studies of Mg-doped InN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Davydov, V.Yu.; Kitaev, Yu.E.; Smirnov, A.N.; Lundina, E.Y.; Klochikhin, A.A.; Smirnov, M.B.; Lu, Hai; Schaff, William J.; Lee, H.M.; Lin, H.W.; Hong, Y.L.; Gwo, S.

2008-01-01

Raman and SIMS studies of Mg-doped InN films with a Mg content from N Mg =3.3 x 10 19 to 5.5 x 10 21 cm -3 are reported. Lattice dynamics of hexagonal InN with substitutional impurities and vacancies has been investigated theoretically and calculated Raman spectra were compared with experimental ones. It is concluded that Raman spectroscopy is a good tool for quantitative characterization of Mg-doped InN. (copyright 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

In vitro degradation and cytotoxicity of Mg/Ca composites produced by powder metallurgy.

Science.gov (United States)

Zheng, Y F; Gu, X N; Xi, Y L; Chai, D L

2010-05-01

Mg/Ca (1 wt.%, 5 wt.%, 10 wt.% Ca) composites were prepared from pure magnesium and calcium powders using the powder metallurgy method, aiming to enlarge the addition of Ca content without the formation of Mg(2)Ca. The microstructures, mechanical properties and cytotoxicities of Mg/Ca composite samples were investigated. The corrosion of Mg/Ca composites in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) for various immersion intervals was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements and environmental scanning electron microscope, with the concentrations of released Mg and Ca ions in DMEM for various immersion time intervals being measured. It was shown that the main constitutional phases were Mg and Ca, which were uniformly distributed in the Mg matrix. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation of experimental composites decreased with increasing Ca content, and the UTS of Mg/1Ca composite was comparable with that of as-extruded Mg-1Ca alloy. The corrosion potential increased with increasing Ca content, whereas the current density and the impedance decreased. It was found that the protective surface film formed quickly at the initial immersion stage. With increasing immersion time, the surface film became compact, and the corrosion rate of Mg/Ca composites slowed down. The surface film consisted mainly of CaCO(3), MgCO(3)x3H(2)O, HA and Mg(OH)(2) after 72 h immersion in DMEM. Mg/1Ca and Mg/5Ca composite extracts had no significant toxicity (p>0.05) to L-929 cells, whereas Mg/10Ca composite extract induced approximately 40% reduced cell viability. Copyright (c) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Charged-particle multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions measured with the PHOBOS detector in Au+Au, Cu+Cu, d+Au, and p+p collisions at ultrarelativistic energies

Science.gov (United States)

Alver, B.; Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D.; Ballintijn, M.; Barton, D. S.; Betts, R. R.; Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Budzanowski, A.; Busza, W.; Carroll, A.; Chai, Z.; Chetluru, V.; Decowski, M. P.; García, E.; Gburek, T.; George, N.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gushue, S.; Halliwell, C.; Hamblen, J.; Heintzelman, G. A.; Henderson, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Hołyński, R.; Holzman, B.; Iordanova, A.; Johnson, E.; Kane, J. L.; Katzy, J.; Khan, N.; Kotuła, J.; Kucewicz, W.; Kulinich, P.; Kuo, C. M.; Li, W.; Lin, W. T.; Loizides, C.; Manly, S.; McLeod, D.; Michałowski, J.; Mignerey, A. C.; Nouicer, R.; Olszewski, A.; Pak, R.; Park, I. C.; Pernegger, H.; Reed, C.; Remsberg, L. P.; Reuter, M.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Rosenberg, L.; Sagerer, J.; Sarin, P.; Sawicki, P.; Sedykh, I.; Skulski, W.; Smith, C. E.; Steadman, S. G.; Steinberg, P.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Stodulski, M.; Sukhanov, A.; Tonjes, M. B.; Trzupek, A.; Vale, C.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.; Vaurynovich, S. S.; Verdier, R.; Veres, G. I.; Wadsworth, B.; Walters, P.; Wenger, E.; Wolfs, F. L. H.; Wosiek, B.; Woźniak, K.; Wuosmaa, A. H.; Wysłouch, B.

2011-02-01

Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles emitted in Au+Au, Cu+Cu, d+Au, and p+p collisions over a wide energy range have been measured using the PHOBOS detector at the BNL Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). The centrality dependence of both the charged particle distributions and the multiplicity at midrapidity were measured. Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles emitted with |η|<5.4, which account for between 95% and 99% of the total charged-particle emission associated with collision participants, are presented for different collision centralities. Both the midrapidity density dNch/dη and the total charged-particle multiplicity Nch are found to factorize into a product of independent functions of collision energy, sNN, and centrality given in terms of the number of nucleons participating in the collision, Npart. The total charged particle multiplicity, observed in these experiments and those at lower energies, assumes a linear dependence of (lnsNN)2 over the full range of collision energy of sNN=2.7-200 GeV.

Apple wine processing with different nitrogen contents

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Aline Alberti

2011-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of this work was to evaluate the nitrogen content in different varieties of apple musts and to study the effect of different nitrogen concentrations in apple wine fermentation. The average total nitrogen content in 51 different apples juices was 155.81 mg/L, with 86.28 % of the values above 100 mg/L. The apple must with 59.0, 122.0 and 163.0 mg/L of total nitrogen content showed the maximum population of 2.05x 10(7; 4.42 x 10(7 and 8.66 x 10(7 cell/mL, respectively. Therefore, the maximum fermentation rates were dependent on the initial nitrogen level, corresponding to 1.4, 5.1 and 9.2 g/L.day, respectively. The nitrogen content in the apple musts was an important factor of growth and fermentation velocity.

Antibacterial biodegradable Mg-Ag alloys

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D Tie

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The use of magnesium alloys as degradable metals for biomedical applications is a topic of ongoing research and the demand for multifunctional materials is increasing. Hence, binary Mg-Ag alloys were designed as implant materials to combine the favourable properties of magnesium with the well-known antibacterial property of silver. In this study, three Mg-Ag alloys, Mg2Ag, Mg4Ag and Mg6Ag that contain 1.87 %, 3.82 % and 6.00 % silver by weight, respectively, were cast and processed with solution (T4 and aging (T6 heat treatment.The metallurgical analysis and phase identification showed that all alloys contained Mg4Ag as the dominant β phase. After heat treatment, the mechanical properties of all Mg-Ag alloys were significantly improved and the corrosion rate was also significantly reduced, due to presence of silver. Mg(OH2 and MgO present the main magnesium corrosion products, while AgCl was found as the corresponding primary silver corrosion product. Immersion tests, under cell culture conditions, demonstrated that the silver content did not significantly shift the pH and magnesium ion release. In vitro tests, with both primary osteoblasts and cell lines (MG63, RAW 264.7, revealed that Mg-Ag alloys show negligible cytotoxicity and sound cytocompatibility. Antibacterial assays, performed in a dynamic bioreactor system, proved that the alloys reduce the viability of two common pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (DSMZ 20231 and Staphylococcus epidermidis (DSMZ 3269, and the results showed that the killing rate of the alloys against tested bacteria exceeded 90%. In summary, biodegradable Mg-Ag alloys are cytocompatible materials with adjustable mechanical and corrosion properties and show promising antibacterial activity, which indicates their potential as antibacterial biodegradable implant materials.

Effect of excess Mg and Excess Nb incorporation into the B-site of pyrochlore in the Pb-Mg-Nb-O system

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Mergen, A.

2002-12-01

Full Text Available In the Pb-Mg-Nb-O system, excess Mg and excess Nb incorporation into the B-site of PMN pyrochlore were investigated along the compositons of Pb1.83Mg0.29+xNb1.71-xO6.39-1.5x where x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.522 and Pb1.83Mg0.29-xNb1.71+xO6.39+1.5x where x=0.1, 0.2, 0.29 respectively. Excess Mg incorporation led to the formation of perovskite and excess Nb resulted in formation of Pb2Nb2O7 monoclinic pyrochlore. The densities of the PMN pyrochlore-PMN perovskite mixtures decreased with an increase in Mg concentration. The relative permittivity of the mixtures increased with decreasing pyrochlore content. The effect of pyrochlore on the permittivity follows the Weiner’s mixture rule up to a pyrochlore content of 50 vol%.

Se investigó la incorporación en lugares B de pirocloro PMN de un exceso de Mg y un exceso de Nb. En el sistema Pb-Mg-Nb-O2 las composiciones analizadas fueron Pb1.83Mg0.29+xNb1.71-xO6.39-1.5x donde x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.522 y en Pb1.83Mg0.29-xNb1.71+xO6.39+1.5x donde x= 0.1, 0.2,0.29. El exceso de Mg condujo a la formación de perovskita y el exceso de Nb resultó en la formación del pirocloro monolínico, Pb2Nb2O7. La densidad de la mezcla de PMN pirocloro-perovskita dismunuye con el aumento de la concentración de Mg. La permitividad dieléctrica de las mezclas aumenta con la disminución del contenido de pirocloro. El efecto del pirocloro sobre la permitividad sigue la regla de mezclas de Weiner hasta conenidos de pirocloro del 50%.

Mg-enriched erythrite from Bou Azzer, Anti-Atlas Mountains, Morocco: geochemical and spectroscopic characteristics

Science.gov (United States)

Dumańska-Słowik, Magdalena; Pieczka, Adam; Natkaniec-Nowak, Lucyna; Kunecki, Piotr; Gaweł, Adam; Heflik, Wiesław; Smoliński, Wojciech; Kozub-Budzyń, Gabriela

2018-06-01

Supergene Mg-enriched erythrite, with an average composition (Co2.25Mg0.58Ni0.14Fe0.04Mn0.02 Zn0.02) (As1.97PMorocco. The unit cell parameters of monoclinic Mg-enriched erythrite [space group C2/ m, a = 10.252(2) Å, b = 13.427(3) Å, c = 4.757(3) Å, ß = 105.12(1)°] make the mineral comparable with erythrite from other localities. The composition of the sample represents the solid solution between erythrite, hörnesite and annabergite, that is, the nearest to the endmember erythrite. However, Mg-enriched erythrite forming the crystal exhibits variable compositions, especially in Mg and Co contents, with Mg increasing from 0.32 up to 1.39 apfu, and Co decreasing from 2.53 to 1.50 apfu, which manifests in the fine compositional oscillatory zoning. It is the highest content of Mg in erythrite structure reported so far. The most intensive Raman active ν3 and ν1 bands, recorded for the crystal's zones with maximum Mg contents, occur at 865 and 800 cm- 1 and are shifted towards higher wavenumbers, where normally hörnesite Raman bands appear. The characteristic oscillatory zoning texture results from varying contents of main and trace elements mobilized from the host ores (Co arsenides, mainly skutterudite) and rock-forming minerals (among others, dolomite) by the solutions in the oxidation zone of the ore deposits. The heating of the Mg-enriched erythrite up to 1000 °C leads to the crystallization of the water-free (Co,Mg)3(AsO4)2 phase.

The study on binary Mg-Co hydrogen storage alloys with BCC phase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Yao; Tsushio, Yoshinori; Enoki, Hirotoshi; Akiba, Etsuo

2005-01-01

Novel Mg-Co binary alloys were successfully synthesized by mechanical alloying. These alloys were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron micrograph (TEM), pressure-composition-isotherms measurements (P-C-T) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Both XRD Rietveld analysis and TEM observation confirmed that these binary alloys contain BCC phase and that the BCC phase existed in the range from 37 to 80 at.% Co. The lattice parameter of the BCC phase increased with the increase of the Co content from 37 to 50 at.%. When the Co content reached 50 at.%, the lattice parameter reached a maximum value, and then turned to decrease gradually with further increase of the Co content. Most of Mg-Co BCC alloys absorbed hydrogen at 373 K under 6 MPa of hydrogen pressure. The Mg 60 Co 40 alloy showed the highest hydrogen absorption capacity, about 2.7 mass% hydrogen. However, all the Mg-Co alloys studied did not desorb hydrogen at 373 K. By means of DSC measurements and in situ XRD analysis, it was found that under 4 MPa hydrogen atmosphere, Mg 50 Co 50 alloy transformed from BCC solid solution to Mg 2 CoH 5 tetragonal hydride at 413 K

In vivo and in vitro degradation comparison of pure Mg, Mg-10Gd and Mg-2Ag: a short term study

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I Marco

2017-02-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to compare short term in vitro and in vivo biodegradation studies with low purity Mg (> 99.94 %, Mg-10Gd and Mg-2Ag designed for biodegradable implant applications. Three in vitro testing conditions were applied, using (i phosphate buffered saline (PBS, (ii Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS and (iii Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM in 5 % CO2 under sterile conditions. Gas evolution and mass loss (ML were assessed, as well as the degradation layer, by elemental mapping and scanning electron microscopy (SEM. In vivo, implantations were performed on male Sprague-Dawley rats evaluating both, gas cavity volume and implant volume reduction by micro-computed tomography (µCT, 7 d after implantation. Samples were produced by casting, solution heat treatment and extrusion in disc and pin shape for the in vitro and in vivo experiments, respectively. Results showed that when the processing of the Mg sample varied, differences were found not only in the alloy impurity content and the grain size, but also in the corrosion behaviour. An increase of Fe and Ni or a large grain size seemed to play a major role in the degradation process, while the influence of alloying elements, such as Gd and Ag, played a secondary role. Results also indicated that cell culture conditions induced degradation rates and degradation layer elemental composition comparable to in vivo conditions. These in vitro and in vivo degradation layers consisted of Mg hydroxide, Mg-Ca carbonate and Ca phosphate.

Structural and magnetic properties of Mg-Zn ferrites (Mg1−xZnxFe2O4) prepared by sol-gel method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reyes-Rodríguez, Pamela Yajaira; Cortés-Hernández, Dora Alicia; Escobedo-Bocardo, José Concepción; Almanza-Robles, José Manuel; Sánchez-Fuentes, Héctor Javier; Jasso-Terán, Argentina; De León-Prado, Laura Elena; Méndez-Nonell, Juan; Hurtado-López, Gilberto Francisco

2017-01-01

In this study, the Mg 1−x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles (x=0–0.9) were prepared by sol-gel method. These ferrites exhibit an inverse spinel structure and the lattice parameter increases as the substitution of Zn 2+ ions is increased. At lower Zn content (0.1≤x≤0.5), saturation magnetization (Ms) increases, while it decreases at higher Zn content (x≥6). The remnant magnetization (0.17–2.0 emu/g) and coercive field (6.0–60 Oe) indicate a ferrimagnetic behavior. The average core diameter of selected ferrites is around 15 nm and the nanoparticles morphology is quasi spherical. The heating ability of some Mg 0.9 Zn 0.1 Fe 2 O 4 and Mg 0.7 Zn 0.3 Fe 2 O 4 aqueous suspensions indicates that the magnetic nanoparticles can increase the medium temperature up to 42 °C in a time less than 10 min - Highlights: • Magnetic nanoparticles of Mg 1−x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 were synthesized by sol-gel method. • Nanoparticles showing a single spinel crystalline structure were obtained. • Aqueous suspensions of Mg 0.7 Zn 0.3 Fe 2 O 4 and Mg 0.9 Zn 0.1 Fe 2 O 4 show heating ability.

Carotene and provitamin A content of vegetables sold in Viçosa, MG, Brazil, during spring and winter

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Pollyanna Costa Cardoso

2009-09-01

Full Text Available This study investigated the α- and β-carotene content and provitamin A value of four leafy vegetables sold at local and street markets in Viçosa, MG, Brazil, in the spring and winter of 2002. Carotenoids were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. α-Carotene was detected in all samples sold during spring, but was only present in a few samples of smooth and curly lettuce and kale in winter. β-Carotene was found in marked quantities in all leafy vegetables analyzed. Duncan's test (α = 5% showed significantly higher α-carotene content in curly lettuce and vitamin A value in large-leaved watercress in the spring. Mean β-carotene content and vitamin A value were 7544, 8751, 2584, 2792, 8193, and 5338 μg/100 g and 666, 760, 227, 238, 698, and 460 μg RAE/100 g in large-leaved and hydroponic watercress, smooth and curly lettuce, kale and spinach, respectively. All leafy vegetables analyzed represent important sources of provitamin A and supply an important part of the daily requirements of children and adults.Investigou-se o conteúdo de α e β-caroteno e avaliou-se o valor pro-vitamínico A de quatro hortaliças folhosas comercializadas em mercados locais e feira- livre de Viçosa, MG durante a primavera e o inverno de 2002. Os carotenóides foram analisados por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE. O α-caroteno foi detectado em todas as amostras analisadas na primavera, porém no inverno, somente algumas amostras de alface crespa e lisa, e couve apresentaram tal carotenóide. O β-caroteno foi encontrado, em quantidades apreciáveis, em todas as hortaliças folhosas analisadas. O teste de Duncan (α=5% detectou que o conteúdo de α-caroteno em alface crespa e o valor de vitamina A em agrião de folha larga foram estatisticamente superiores na primavera. Os teores médios de β-caroteno e de valor de vitamina A para agrião de folha larga e hidropônico, alface crespa e lisa, couve e espinafre foram: 7544; 8751

Magnetic resonance imaging and quantitative analysis of contents of epidermoid and dermoid cysts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takeshita, Mikihiko; Kubo, Osami; Hiyama, Hirofumi; Tajika, Yasuhiko; Izawa, Masahiro; Kagawa, Mizuo; Takakura, Kintomo; Kobayashi, Naotoshi; Toyoda, Masako [Tokyo Women' s Medical Coll. (Japan)

1994-07-01

The intracapsular cholesterol protein, and calcium contents of epidermoid and dermoid cysts from seven patients were compared with the signal intensities on T[sub 1]-weighted spin-echo magnetic resonance (MR) images. All specimens had a paste-like consistency when resected. Epidermoid and dermoid cysts demonstrated a wide range of cholesterol and calcium contents, and epidermoid cysts were not always rich in cholesterol. Five patients had cysts with lower signal intensity than white matter, which contained more than 18.3 mg/g wet weight of protein. One of these patients had the highest cholesterol content of all seven patients (22.25 mg/g wet weight) and another had the highest calcium content (0.75 mg/g wet weight). Two patients had cysts with higher signal intensity than white matter, with protein contents of lower than 4.3 mg/g wet weight. High protein content (>18.3 mg/g wet weight) may decrease signal intensity on T[sub 1]-weighted MR images, while low protein content (<4.3 mg/g wet weight) may increase signal intensity in epidermoid and dermoid cysts with high viscosity (paste-like consistency) contents. (author).

Influence of Microstructure on Corrosion Property of Mg-Al-Zn Alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Jeong Ja; Na, Seung Chan; Yang, Won Seong; Hwang, WoonSuk; Jang, Si Sung; Yoo, Hwang Ryong

2006-01-01

Influence of microstructure on the corrosion property of Mg-Al-Zn Alloy was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization experiments, galvanic coupling experiments, and scanning electron microscopy in sodium chloride solutions. Pitting was the mot common form of attack in chloride solution, and filiform corrosion was also occurred in AZ91D-T4 alloy. On the contrary, filiform attack in the bulk matrix was predominant corrosion form in AZ91D-T6 alloy, and the number and size of pit were decreased than those of AZ91D-T4 alloy. Galvanic coupling effect between Mg 17 Al 12 and matrix was existed, but the propagation of galvanic corrosion was localized only near the Mg 17 Al 12 phase in AZ91D-6T alloy. The corrosion resistance of Mg-Al matrix increased with decreasing Al content in the matrix. And, it could be regarded that Al content in the matrix is decreased by precipitation of Mg 17 Al 12 curing the aging treatment and it decreases the anodic reaction rate of the matrix and galvanic effect in AZ91D-T6 alloy. It could be considered that the composition and macrostructure of surface protective layer would be varied by precipitation of Mg 17 Al 12 and subsequent decreasing of Al content in the matrix. And it would contribute the corrosion resistance of AZ91D-T6 aging alloy

Concentration effect on inter-mineral equilibrium isotope fractionation: insights from Mg and Ca isotopic systems

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, F.; Wang, W.; Zhou, C.; Kang, J.; Wu, Z.

2017-12-01

Many naturally occurring minerals, such as carbonate, garnet, pyroxene, and feldspar, are solid solutions with large variations in chemical compositions. Such variations may affect mineral structures and modify the chemical bonding environment around atoms, which further impacts the equilibrium isotope fractionation factors among minerals. Here we investigated the effects of Mg content on equilibrium Mg and Ca isotope fractionation among carbonates and Ca content on equilibrium Ca isotope fractionation between orthopyroxene (opx) and clinopyroxene (cpx) using first-principles calculations. Our results show that the average Mg-O bond length increases with decreasing Mg/(Mg+Ca) in calcite when it is greater than 1/48[1] and the average Ca-O bond length significantly decreases with decreasing Ca/(Ca+Mg+Fe) in opx when it ranges from 2/16 to 1/48[2]. Equilibrium isotope fractionation is mainly controlled by bond strengths, which could be measured by bond lengths. Thus, 103lnα26Mg/24Mg between dolomite and calcite dramatically increases with decreasing Mg/(Mg+Ca) in calcite [1] and it reaches a constant value when it is lower than 1/48. 103lnα44Ca/40Ca between opx and cpx significantly increases with decreasing Ca content in opx when Ca/(Ca+Mg+Fe) ranges from 2/16 to 1/48 [2]. If Ca/(Ca+Mg+Fe) is below 1/48, 103lnα44Ca/40Ca is not sensitive to Ca content. Based on our results, we conclude that the concentration effect on equilibrium isotope fractionation could be significant within a certain range of chemical composition of minerals, which should be a ubiquitous phenomenon in solid solution systems. [1] Wang, W., Qin, T., Zhou, C., Huang, S., Wu, Z., Huang, F., 2017. GCA 208, 185-197. [2] Feng, C., Qin, T., Huang, S., Wu, Z., Huang, F., 2014. GCA 143, 132-142.

Mg and Ca isotope fractionation during CaCO3 biomineralisation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chang, Veronica T.-C.; Williams, R.J.P.; Makishima, Akio; Belshawl, Nick S.; O'Nions, R. Keith

2004-01-01

The natural variation of Mg and Ca stable isotopes of carbonates has been determined in carbonate skeletons of perforate foraminifera and reef coral together with Mg/Ca ratios to assess the influence of biomineralisation processes. The results for coral aragonite suggest its formation, in terms of stable isotope behaviour, approximates to inorganic precipitation from a seawater reservoir. In contrast, results for foraminifera calcite suggest a marked biological control on Mg isotope ratios presumably related to its low Mg content compared with seawater. The bearing of these observations on the use of Mg and Ca isotopes as proxies in paleoceanography is considered

In vitro degradation of pure Mg in response to glucose

Science.gov (United States)

Zeng, Rong-Chang; Li, Xiao-Ting; Li, Shuo-Qi; Zhang, Fen; Han, En-Hou

2015-08-01

Magnesium and its alloys are promising biodegradable biomaterials but are still challenging to be used in person with high levels of blood glucose or diabetes. To date, the influence of glucose on magnesium degradation has not yet been elucidated, this issue requires more attention. Herein, we present pure Mg exhibiting different corrosion responses to saline and Hank’s solutions with different glucose contents, and the degradation mechanism of pure Mg in the saline solution with glucose in comparison with mannitol as a control. On one hand, the corrosion rate of pure Mg increases with the glucose concentration in saline solutions. Glucose rapidly transforms into gluconic acid, which attacks the oxides of the metal and decreases the pH of the solution; it also promotes the absorption of chloride ions on the Mg surface and consequently accelerates corrosion. On the other hand, better corrosion resistance is obtained with increasing glucose content in Hank’s solution due to the fact that glucose coordinates Ca2+ ions in Hank’s solution and thus improves the formation of Ca-P compounds on the pure Mg surface. This finding will open up new avenues for research on the biodegradation of bio-Mg materials in general, which could yield many new and interesting results.

Cytarabine and daunorubicin or idarubicin in induction therapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia patients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eivazi-Ziaei, J.; Kermani, I.A.; Nikanfar, A.; Maljaie, H.; Mahmoudpour, A.; Dolatkhah, R.

2010-01-01

Objectives: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common form of acute leukemia, is treated by remission induction and post-remission therapy. Remission induction is usually achieved by administration of cytarabine along with an anthracycline such as Daunorubicin (DAU) or Idarubicin (IDA). Our objective was see the benefits if any of IDA over DAU in AML therapy. Methodology: Eighty adult AML patients were enrolled in this study, where 40 received DAU and 40 were treated with IDA. Remission status in each subject was studied and response to therapy was subsequently analyzed using SPSS. Results: Complete remission, partial remission and no responsive status were 15, 19, and 14 respectively for patients on DAU and 14, 18, and 11 for patients on IDA protocol. No significant benefit was detected for IDA compared to DAU in response to therapy. Conclusion: We found no benefit in using IDA over DAU in induction therapy for AML patients treated in northwest of Iran. (author)

[Status and trend for sodium content of Chinese per-packaged foods].

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Xuesong; Wang, Zhu; He, Mei; Men, Jianhua; Yang, Jingming; Shen, Xiang; Lu, Ying; Yang, Yuexin

2014-03-01

To collect the data on the sodium content of Chinese per-packaged foods, and to analyze the variation trend of sodium content. 1279 data on the sodium content of per-packaged foods in all were recorded and analyzed through the investigation of per-packaged food nutrition labels, and were categorized into 31 varieties. Median sodium content and variation were calculated for each variety and compared with 2004 sodium content data on China Food Composition. There are 6 per-packaged foods varieties has the median sodium content more than 500 mg/100 g. The food varieties with the highest mean sodium content were ready-to-eat food(2500 mg/100 g), followed by instant noodles (1900 mg/100 g). Compared with 1991 -2004 per-packaged foods sodium content, 13 varieties had medium sodium content that increased, and 5 varieties increased significantly, such as cake, liquid milk, instant noodles etc. The survey show that sodium content of some per-packaged food increased.

COLOUR, PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE SLOVAK ALIBERNET RED WINE SAMPLES

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Daniel Bajčan

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Sixteen Alibernet wine samples, originated from three most important Slovak vineyard regions, were evaluated spectrophotometrically for the content of total polyphenols, content of total anthocyanins, antioxidant activity and wine colour density. The determined total polyphenol contents in observed wines ranged from 2141 to 4274 mg gallic acid per liter (average content was 3057 mg gallic acid/L and total anthocyanin contents ranged from 73.4 to 791.2 mg/L (average content was 403.4 mg/L. Determined values of antioxidant activity were within the interval 54.8 – 86.8% (average value was 74.5% and the values of wine colour density varied between 0.944 and 4.592 (average value was 2.317. The statistical evaluation of the obtained results confirmed only weak linear correlation between total polyphenol content and total anthocyanin content, however strong linear correlations between total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity, resp. wine colour density were observed. Our results also confirmed very highly significant linear relationship between wine colour density and total polyphenol content, resp. antioxidant activity and between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content.

Microstructure and degradation performance of biodegradable Mg-Si-Sr implant alloys.

Science.gov (United States)

Gil-Santos, Andrea; Marco, Iñigo; Moelans, Nele; Hort, Norbert; Van der Biest, Omer

2017-02-01

In this work the microstructure and degradation behavior of several as-cast alloy compositions belonging to the Mg rich corner of the Mg-Si-Sr system are presented and related. The intermetallic phases are identified and analyzed describing the microstructure evolution during solidification. It is intended in this work to obtain insight in the behavior of the ternary alloys in in vitro tests and to analyze the degradation behavior of the alloys under physiologically relevant conditions. The as-cast specimens have been exposed to immersion tests, both mass loss (ML) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP). The degradation rate (DR) have been assessed and correlated to microstructure features, impurity levels and alloy composition. The initial reactions resulted to be more severe while the degradation stabilizes with time. A higher DR is related with a high content of the Mg 17 Sr 2 phase and with the presence of coarse particles of the intermetallics Mg 2 Si, MgSiSr and MgSi 2 Sr. Specimens with a higher DR typically have higher levels of impurities and alloy contents. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sono-synthesis and characterization of bimetallic Ni-Co/Al2O3-MgO nanocatalyst: Effects of metal content on catalytic properties and activity for hydrogen production via CO2 reforming of CH4.

Science.gov (United States)

Abdollahifar, Mozaffar; Haghighi, Mohammad; Babaluo, Ali Akbar; Talkhoncheh, Saeed Khajeh

2016-07-01

Sono-dispersion of Ni, Co and Ni-Co over Al2O3-MgO with Al/Mg ratio of 1.5 was prepared and tested for dry reforming of methane. The samples were characterized by XRD, FESEM, PSD, EDX, TEM, BET and FTIR analyses. In order to assess the effect of ultrasound irradiation, Ni-Co/Al2O3-MgO with Co content of 8% prepared via sonochemistry and impregnation methods. The sono-synthesized sample showed better textural properties and higher activity than that of impregnated one. Comparison of XRD patterns indicated that the NiO peaks became broader by increasing Co content over the support. The FESEM images displayed the particles are small and well-dispersed as a result of sonochemistry method. Also, EDX analysis demonstrated better dispersion of Ni and Co as a result of sonochemistry method in confirmation of XRD analysis. The sono-synthesized Ni-Co/Al2O3-MgO as a superior nanocatalyst with Co content of 3% illustrates much higher conversions (97.5% and 99% for CH4 and CO2 at 850 °C), yields (94% and 96% for H2 and CO at 850 °C) and 0.97 of H2/CO molar ratio in all samples using an equimolar feed ratio at 850 °C. During the 1200 min stability test, H2/CO molar ratio remained constant for the superior nanocatalyst. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Improved flux pinning behaviour in bulk MgB2 achieved by nano-SiO2 addition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rui, X F; Zhao, Y; Xu, Y Y; Zhang, L; Sun, X F; Wang, Y Z; Zhang, H

2004-01-01

Bulk MgB 2 with SiO 2 nanoparticles added has been synthesized using a simple solid-state reaction route. The lattice constant in the c direction increases with additive content due to a small amount of Si being doped into the lattice of the MgB 2 ; however, T c is almost fixed at 37.2 K. The addition of SiO 2 nanoparticles also improves the J c -H and H irr -T characteristics of MgB 2 when the additive content is lower than 7%. At 20 K and 1 T, J c for the sample with 7% additive content reaches 2.5 x 10 5 A cm -2 . Microstructural analysis reveals that a high density of MgSi 2 nanoparticles (10-50 nm) exists inside the MgB 2 grains, leading to the formation of a nanocomposite superconductor

Stress corrosion inhibitors for type 18-10 stainless steels with low carbon content in hot and concentrated solutions of MgCl2. Study of some inorganic iodides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pinard, J.-L.

1974-01-01

Stress corrosion inhibitors for type Z2CN18-10 austenitic stainless steels with low carbon content in a solution of Cl 2 Mg at 105 deg C were investigated. It was established that iodides are the most adequate corrosion inhibitors because they react simultaneously upon the three main components of the alloy (Fe, Ni, Cr). A difference of behavior between I 2 Mg and the other iodides was observed (in electrochemistry and in simple stress corrosion experiments) and the influence of the metallic cation associated to I - was studied. The formation of the superficial film and the phenomena liable to occur at the interface film-corrosive solution were examined: film growth in MgCl 2 ; influence of certain substances added to the solution. A mechanism of inhibition by I - is suggested. It is similar to the mechanism proposed by BERGEN for the stress corrosion cracking by Cl - [fr

Microstructure, mechanical properties and bio-corrosion properties of Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca alloy for biomedical application

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Erlin; Yang Lei

2008-01-01

Microstructure, mechanical properties and bio-corrosion properties of as-cast Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca alloys were investigated for biomedical application in detail by optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), mechanical properties testing and electrochemical measurement. SEM and optical microscopy observation indicated that the grain size of the as-cast alloys significantly decreased with the increasing of Ca content up to 0.5 wt.%. Further increasing of Ca content did not refine the grain more. The phase constitute was mainly controlled by the atomic ratio of Zn to Ca. When the ratio was more than 1.0-1.2, the alloy was mainly composed of primary Mg and lamellar eutectic (α-Mg + Ca 2 Mg 6 Zn 3 ), while the alloy was composed of primary Mg and divorced eutectic (α-Mg + Mg 2 Ca + Ca 2 Mg 6 Zn 3 ) when the atomic ratio was less than 1.0-1.2. The yield strength of the as-cast alloy increased but the elongation and the tensile strength increased first and then decreased with the increasing of Ca content. It was thought that Mg 2 Ca phase deteriorated the tensile strength and ductility. Electrochemical measurements indicated that Mg 2 Ca phase improved the corrosion resistance of the as-cast alloy

Procyanidin content and variation in some commonly consumed foods.

Science.gov (United States)

Hammerstone, J F; Lazarus, S A; Schmitz, H H

2000-08-01

Procyanidins are a subclass of flavonoids found in commonly consumed foods that have attracted increasing attention due to their potential health benefits. However, little is known regarding their dietary intake levels because detailed quantitative information on the procyanidin profiles present in many food products is lacking. Therefore, the procyanidin content of red wine, chocolate, cranberry juice and four varieties of apples has been determined. On average, chocolate and apples contained the largest procyanidin content per serving (164.7 and 147.1 mg, respectively) compared with red wine and cranberry juice (22.0 and 31.9 mg, respectively). However, the procyanidin content varied greatly between apple samples (12.3-252.4 mg/serving) with the highest amounts on average observed for the Red Delicious (207.7 mg/serving) and Granny Smith (183.3 mg/serving) varieties and the lowest amounts in the Golden Delicious (92.5 mg/serving) and McIntosh (105.0 mg/serving) varieties. The compositional data reported herein are important for the initial understanding of which foods contribute most to the dietary intake of procyanidins and may be used to compile a database necessary to infer epidemiological relationships to health and disease.

HRTEM characterization of melt-spun Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys solidified at different rates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alfonso, Ismeli; Maldonado, Cuauhtemoc; Medina, Ariosto; Gonzalez, Gonzalo; Bejar, Luis

2006-01-01

Six quaternary alloys Al-6Si-3Cu-xMg (x = 0.59, 3.80 and 6.78 wt.%) were produced by melt spinning using two different tangential speeds of the copper wheel (30 and 45 ms -1 ), and characterized using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microhardness. At 30 ms -1 , XRD and TEM investigations revealed the presence of Al 2 Cu (θ) for the alloy with 0.59%Mg and Al 5 Cu 2 Mg 8 Si 6 (Q) for the alloys with 3.80 and 6.78%Mg. The increase in microhardness of the alloys with higher Mg content is attributed to the presence of nanosized a-Al particles and a higher content of Q nanoparticles. At 45 ms -1 the alloying element content in solid solution is increased due to the fact that the quantity of free second phases (θ and Q nanoparticles) has decreased. For this rotation speed, amorphous regions of α -Al were observed, increasing microhardness compared to the 30 ms -1 ribbons

Mineral and heavy metal contents of the outer and inner tissues of commonly used fruits.

Science.gov (United States)

Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Harmankaya, Mustafa; Gezgin, Sait

2012-01-01

The rate of heavy metal pollution in some minor fruit samples growing at roadsides in Turkey were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The mineral contents of samples were found to be different depending on the several parts Citrus fruits. The highest minor and heavy metal levels for Citrus fruits were determined between 17.24 and 45.30 mg/kg boron, 2.08 and 15.05 mg/kg copper, 1.01 and 16.00 mg/kg iron and 2.35 and 9.87 mg/kg zinc. Boron content ranged from 16.54 mg/kg (Deveci pear inner pulp) to 89.89 mg/kg (Arjantin apple outer skin). The level of Fe ranged from 1.49 mg/kg (quince pulp) to 25.05 mg/kg (Ankara pear pulp). Cu content of fruits ranged between 2.52 mg/kg (Fuji apple skin) and 25.93 mg/kg quince skin). Zn content was found between 0.46 mg/kg (Golden apple pulp) and 14.34 mg/kg (quince skin). P contents ranged from 651 mg/kg (Golden apple pulp) to 1269 mg/kg (quince skin). Na was found between 500 mg/kg (Fuji apple skin) and 907 mg/kg (Arjantin apple skin).

PROTEINS OF POTATOES IN RELATION TO THE CONTENT OF CADMIUM IN THEIR TUBERS

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Judita Bystrická

2010-11-01

Full Text Available In the work the influence of cadmium in soil on the range of cumulating in tubers of potatoes and in proteins of potatoes grown under model conditions of pot trial experiment and under the real conditions of locality Imeľ in Danube Lowland was surveyed. Under conditions of pot trial the increased contents in tubers positively correlated with contents of cadmium applied into soil; the highest content of Cd was assessed in variety Junior (from 0.211 mg.kg-1 FM in 1st variant to 0.715 mg.kg-1 FM in 4th variant. The influence of increased content of Cd was manifested statistically significant in the content of proteins also in the content of Cd in protein fractions (1st var. 0.026 (Asterix – 0.045 (Agria mg.kg-1 FM; 2nd var. 0.047 (Livera – 0.085 (Asterix mg.kg-1 FM; 3rd var. 0.06 (Livera – 0.117 (Junior mg.kg-1 FM; 4th var. 0.068 (Livera – 0.142 (Asterix mg.kg-1 FM. Contents of Cd in potatoes from locality Imeľ did not exceed the value 0.1 mg.kg-1 FM defined in PK SR. The average contents of proteins were in range from 1.19 % (Victoria to 1.489 % (Adora, the average content of Cd cumulated in proteins was the highest in variety Vivaldi (1.317 μg.kg-1 FM. Positive correlation was confirmed between the content of Cd in potato tubers and in proteins only in Livera variety. doi:10.5219/74

Study Effect of Salt Washing Process on Content and Iodium Stability of Salt

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Nelson Saksono

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Effect of Salt Washing Process on Content and Iodium Stability of Salt. Salt washing process should increase the saltquality. It should clean the salt from sludge or clay and also reduce the impurity compound such as Mg, Ca and the reductor content. The objective of these reseach is to assess the effect of washing process on the content og hygroscopic impurities compound (Ca and Mg, and reductor content of salt. The research also investigate the water absorbing, pH, KIO3 content as function of time to obtain effect of washing process on KIO3 stability in salt. The experiment result shows that the lowest content of Mg and reductor compound 0.016 % wt and 2.65 ppm respectively which is reached at the fi ne salt washing process using 27 % wt brine. The analysis of water content indicates an increase the Ca and Mg content, causing an water absorbtion in salt , However the effect on pH the is not clear.

Development and studies of Cd_1_−_xMg_xTe thin films with varying band gaps to understand the Mg incorporation and the related material properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Palomera, Roger C.; Martínez, Omar S.; Pantoja-Enriquez, J.; Mathews, N.R.; Reyes-Banda, Martín G.; Krishnan, B.; Mathew, X.

2017-01-01

Highlights: • Cd_1_−_xMg_xTe films with band gap in the range 1.47–2.41 eV is obtained. • Cd substitution by Mg was confirmed with SIMS and XPS analysis. • Cd_1_−_xMg_xTe films maintained CdTe structural features but with higher band gap. • Mg incorporation in CdTe inhibited grain growth. - Abstract: In this paper we report a systematic work involving the development of Cd_1_−_xMg_xTe thin films by co-evaporation of CdTe and Mg. The evaporation rate of both materials were adjusted to obtain ternary films of varying stoichiometry and hence the band gap. We have deposited films with band gap ranging from 1.47 to 2.41 eV. The films were characterized for structural, morphological, optical, opto-electronic, and spectroscopic properties. The film stoichiometry was studied across the thickness using SIMS data. SEM images showed that the grain size has a dependence on Mg content in the film, which inhibits the grain growth. The structural parameters showed a systematic dependence on Mg content in the film, however, there was no noticeable change in the XRD reflections with respect that of pure CdTe for lower concentrations of Mg. XPS analysis shed light on the incorporation of Mg further supporting the band gap variations observed with the UV–Vis spectroscopic studies. The photoresponse of the film was affected by Mg incorporation. Prototype devices of the type Cd_1_−_XMg_xTe/CdS were fabricated and the results are discussed.

Effect of Mg on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of the Continuously Hot-Dip Galvanizing Zn-Mg Coating

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Anping Dong

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The microstructure of continuously hot-dip galvanizing Zn-Mg coating was investigated in order to obtain the mechanism of the effects of Mg on the corrosion resistance. In this paper, the vertical section of the Zn-0.20 wt % Al-Mg ternary phase diagram near the Al-low corner was calculated. The results indicates that the phase composition of the Zn-0.20 wt % Al-Mg ternary phase diagram near the Al-low corner is the same as Zn-Mg binary phase diagram, suggesting Al in the Zn-Mg (ZM coatings mainly concentrates on the interfacial layer between the coating and steel substrate. The microstructure of continuously hot-dip galvanizing ZM coatings with 0.20 wt % Al containing 1.0–3.0 wt % Mg was investigated using tunneling electron microscopy (TEM. The morphology of Zn in the coating changes from bulk to strip and finally to mesh-like, and the MgZn2 changes from rod-like to mesh-like with the Mg content increasing. Al in the ZM coatings mainly segregates at the Fe2Al5 inhibition layer and the Mg added to the Zn bath makes this inhibition layer thinner and uneven. Compared to GI coating, the time of the first red rust appears increases by more than two-fold and expansion rate of red rust reduces by more than four-fold in terms of salt spray experiment. The ZM coating containing 2.0 wt % Mg has the best corrosion resistance. The enhanced corrosion resistance of ZM coatings mainly depends on different corrosion products.

Microstructure and magnetic studies of Mg-Ni-Zn-Cu ferrites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bachhav, S.G.; Patil, R.S.; Ahirrao, P.B.; Patil, A.M.; Patil, D.R.

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Ni x Mg 0.5-x Cu 0.1 Zn 0.4 Fe 2 O 4 ferrite shows spinel structure. → Lattice parameter, X-ray density, porosity increase with increase in Ni content. → The IR spectra show tetrahedral and octahedral complexes. → Initial permeability remains constant with temperature and drops to zero at certain temperature which is in close agreement with Curie temperature. → The Curie temperature shows increasing trend with Ni content. - Abstract: Soft Mg-Ni-Zn-Cu spinel ferrites having general chemical formula Ni x Mg 0.5-x Cu 0.1 Zn 0.4 Fe 2 O 4 (where x 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) were prepared by standard double sintering ceramic method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction at room temperature. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study revealed that lattice parameter decreases with increase in Ni content, resulting in a reduction in lattice strain. The electrical and magnetic properties of the synthesized ferrites have been investigated as a function of temperature. The variation of initial permeability and AC susceptibility with temperature exhibits normal ferrimagnetic behavior. The variation of initial permeability with frequency is studied. The Curie temperature (T C ) in the present work was determined from initial permeability and AC susceptibility. The Curie temperature increases with Ni content.

Effects of Mg Doping on the Performance of InGaN Films Made by Reactive Sputtering

Science.gov (United States)

Kuo, Dong-Hau; Li, Cheng-Che; Tuan, Thi Tran Anh; Yen, Wei-Chun

2015-01-01

Mg-doped InGaN (Mg-InGaN) films have been deposited directly on Si (100) substrates by radio-frequency reactive sputtering technique with single cermet targets in an Ar/N2 atmosphere. The cermet targets with a constant 5% indium content were made by hot pressing the mixture of metallic In, Ga, and Mg powders and ceramic GaN powder. The Mg-InGaN films had a wurtzite structure with a preferential () growth plane. The SEM images showed that Mg-InGaN films were smooth, continuous, free from cracks and holes, and composed of nanometer-sized grains. As the Mg dopant content in Mg-InGaN increased to 7.7 at.%, the film was directly transformed into p-type conduction without a post-annealing process. It had high hole concentration of 5.53 × 1018 cm-3 and electrical mobility of 15.7 ± 4.2 cm2 V-1 s-1. The over-doping of Mg in InGaN degraded the electrical properties. The bandgap of Mg-InGaN films decreased from 2.92 eV to 2.84 eV, as the Mg content increased from 7.7% to 18.2%. The constructed p-type Mg-InGaN/ n-type GaN diode was used to confirm the realization of the p-type InGaN by sputtering technique.

Investigation of aluminum content of imported candies and snack foods in Taiwan

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Tai Sheng Yeh

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Candies, chewing gums, dried fruits, jellies, chocolate, and shredded squid pieces imported from 17 countries were surveyed for their aluminum content. The samples were bought from candy shops, supermarkets, and convenience stores, and through online shopping. Sample selection focused on imported candies and snacks. A total of 67 samples, including five chewing gums, seven dried fruits, 13 chocolates, two jellies, two dried squid pieces, and 38 candies, were analyzed. The content of aluminum was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES. The limit of quantitation for aluminum was 1.53 mg/kg. The content of aluminum ranged from not detected (ND to 828.9 mg/kg. The mean concentrations of aluminum in chewing gums, dried fruits, chocolate, jellies, dried squid pieces, and candies were 36.62 mg/kg, 300.06 mg/kg, 9.1 mg/kg, 2.3 mg/kg, 7.8 mg/kg, and 24.26 mg/kg, respectively. Some samples had relatively high aluminum content. The highest aluminum content of 828.9 mg/kg was found in dried papaya threads imported from Thailand. Candies imported from Thailand and Vietnam had aluminum contents of 265.7 mg/kg and 333.1 mg/kg, respectively. Exposure risk assessment based on data from the Taiwan National Food Consumption Database was employed to calculate the percent provisional tolerable weekly intake (%PTWI. The percent provisional tolerable weekly intake of aluminum for adults (19–50 years and children (3–6 years based on the consumption rate of the total population showed that candies and snacks did not contribute greatly to aluminum exposure. By contrast, in the exposure assessment based on the consumers-only consumption rate, the estimated values of weekly exposure to aluminum from dried papaya threads in adults (19–50 years and children (3–6 years were 4.18 mg/kg body weight (bw/wk and 7.93 mg/kg bw/wk, respectively, for 50th percentile consumers, and 6.26 mg/kg bw/wk and 12.88 mg/kg bw

Morphological and optical studies of zinc oxide doped MgO

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Othman, Zayani Jaafar, E-mail: jaafar.zayani@yahoo.fr; Matoussi, Adel

2016-06-25

This paper reports morphological and optical characterizations of sintered (ZnO){sub 1−x}(MgO){sub x} composite materials. The effects of MgO doping content on these pellets properties have been analyzed. The SEM observations have shown rougher surfaces of the samples covered by grains having prismatic shapes and different sizes. From reflectance and absorption measurements, we have determined the band gap energy which tends to augment from 3.287 to 3.827 eV as the doping content increases. This widening of the optical band gap is explained by the Burstein-Moss effect which causes a significant increase of electron concentration (2.89 10{sup 18}−5.1910{sup 20} cm{sup −3}). In addition, the absorption coefficient, Urbach energy, optical constants (refractive index, extinction coefficient, dielectric constant) and dispersion parameters, such as E{sub 0} (single-oscillator energy), E{sub d} (dispersive energy) were determined of the (ZnO){sub 1−x}(MgO){sub x} composites and analyzed. - Highlights: • (ZnO){sub 1−x}(MgO){sub x} composites were synthesized by solid state sintering method. • MgO doping increased the band gap energy. • SEM observations have shown a decrease of grain sizes when the MgO doping increases. • Optical constants and dispersion parameters were determined and analyzed.

Texture development in Al-Mg alloys during high temperature annealing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saitou, T.; Inagaki, H.

2001-01-01

To clarify the effect of Mg content on annealing textures developed in Al-Mg alloys during high temperature annealing, Al-Mg alloys containing up to 9 wt.% Mg in supersaturated solid solution were cold rolled 95% and isothermally annealed at 450 C. Their textures were investigated with the orientation distribution function analysis. It was found that, in the recrystallization textures observed at complete recrystallization, addition of more than 1 wt.% Mg was sufficient to suppress the development of {100} left angle 001 right angle. With increasing Mg content, {100} left angle 001 right angle decreased remarkably, whereas {100} left angle 013 right angle and {103} left angle 321 right angle increased. Thus, {100} left angle 013 right angle and {103} left angle 321 right angle were found to be the main orientations of the recrystallization textures of Al-Mg alloys annealed at high temperatures. {100} left angle 013 right angle developed most remarkably at 4 wt.% Mg, while {103} left angle 321 right angle showed the maximum development at 7 wt.% Mg. During subsequent grain growth at 450 C, remarkable texture changes were observed only in the alloys containing Mg in the range between 2 and 4 wt.%. In these alloys, {100} left angle 013 right angle developed at the expense of {100} left angle 001 right angle at earlier stages of grain growth, whereas {103} left angle 321 right angle increased independently of these two orientations at later stages of grain growth. Reflecting these texture changes, grain growth occurred in these alloys discontinuously. Such a discontinuous grain growth with large texture changes is expected, if strong textures are already present before grain growth, and if recrystallized grains having similar orientations are distributed by forming large clusters before grain growth. (orig.)

Effects of graphite doping on critical current density and microstructure of MgB2 bulks by an improved Mg-diffusion method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pan, X.F.; Zhao, Y.; Feng, Y.; Yang, Y.; Cheng, C.H.

2008-01-01

abstract: A series of graphite-doped MgB 2 bulks with high density have been successfully prepared by an improved Mg-diffusion method in ambient pressure. The effects of graphite doping on lattice parameters, T c , J c and microstructure of MgB 2 have been investigated. The results show that compared to the nano-C-doped or CNTs-doped MgB 2 , C is not easy to substitute B in graphite-doped MgB 2 . However, at the same C content, the graphite-doped MgB 2 has a higher J c . At 10 K and self-field, the J c for MgB 1.985 C 0.015 reaches 0.58 MA/cm 2 . For the MgB 1.945 C 0.055 , at 5 K, 7 T and 10 K, 6 T the J c achieves 10,000 A/cm 2 which is two orders of magnitude higher than that for the undoped sample. In addition to improving electron scattering and intergranular connectivity, the unreacted graphite in the graphite-doped MgB 2 is proposed to be responsible to the excellent J c properties of MgB 2 in high fields, due to depressed grain growth and enhanced grain boundary flux pinning

Raman-spectroscopic (Fe/Fe+Mg, CO2) and Structural studies of Mg-Fe cordierites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haefeker, U.

2013-01-01

In the course of this dissertation synthetic hexagonal and orthorhombic Mg-Fe-cordierites have been investigated with Raman-spectroscopy and XRD methods. Cordierite´s Mg- and Fe-end-members as well as their Mg-Fe solid solutions with the chemical formula (Mg, Fe 2+ ) 2 Al 4 Si 5 O 18 *nH 2 O have been synthesized. Raman-data of synthetic hydrous Mg- and Fe-cordierites have been obtained in the wavenumber-region 100-1250 cm-1 and the experimental data were then compared with the results of quantum-mechanical calculations. 86 theoretical bands could be related to specific vibrational modes of the tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the cordierite structure. Maximum and mean deviation between experimentally-derived bands and calculated modes were ±7 cm -1 for Mg-cordierite and ±19 cm -1 for Fe-cordierite. Spectra comparison revealed a trend of peak downshifting as a consequence of Fe-incorporation. The calculations now allow more accurate interpretation of the Raman spectra with respect to structural changes of cordierite, resulting from Al-Si ordering and Mg-Fe exchange. Atomic motions in cordierite have been compared with those of the structurally similar mineral beryl. Investigations of 16 H 2 O-bearing synthetic well-ordered Mg-Fe-cordierites (XFe =0-1) with micro-Raman spectroscopy revealed a linear correlation between the Fe/Mg ratio and the position of certain Raman peaks. The peaks (wave-number Mg-/Fe-cordierite) at 122/111, 262/257, 430/418, 579/571, 974/967, and 1012/1007 cm -1 were selected for a detailed deconvolution analysis . The shifts of these peaks were then plotted vs. XFe and regression of the data lead to the formulation of a set of linear equations. In addition, the effect of different H 2 O contents and the degree of Al-Si ordering on the Fe/Mg determination were also investigated. Testing the calibration against data from six well-characterized natural cordierite samples yielded excellent agreement. Existing calibration diagrams for CO 2

Mercury and nickel contents in fish meat

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomas Toth

2016-10-01

Full Text Available The main aim of our work was to identify the content of mercury and nickel in selected fish species. Consumers today are increasingly aware of the association between diet and health, and thus in Europe consume more and more fish. Fish is a valuable source of high quality protein, minerals and vitamins, and fatty fish are also rich in omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are normally considered to be beneficial to health. In our work we determined content of mercury and nickel harvested fish in particular were the following species: Common goldfish (Carassius auratus, L., Common roach (Rutilus rutilus, L. and Common bream (Abramis brama, L. Concentrations of mercury and nickel was analyzed and results evaluated according to current standards and compared to the values ​​established by the Codex Alimentarius of the Slovak Republic and the EU Commission Regulation no. 1881/2006, as well as in the EU Commission Regulation no. 420/2011 and no. 269/2008. In our research area we analysed 19 samples of fish muscle. Samples were taken from two water reservoirs – Golianovo and Vráble.  The highest mercury content was in sample Rutilus 1 - 0.052632 mg/kg. Lowest mercury content was in sample Abramis 2  - 0.010431 mg/kg. Largest nickel content was in meat of Abramis  - sample 2  - 0.78 mg/kg. Minimum content of nickel was in sample Carassius 1  - 0.11 mg/kg. We got out of the limit values ​​specified: Codex Alimentarius SR - Mercury 0.5 mg/kg and  Regulation of the EU Commission no. 1881/2006, no. 420/2011 and no. 629/2008. To optimize the protection of the population, it is necessary to continue to monitor the concentration of mercury in fish and fish products. Risk management strategy must focus on reducing potential exposure derived from consumption of fish. In particular, the definition of maximum levels for methylmercury, advising consumers and environmental activities oriented to reduce contamination.

Influence of iridium doping in MgB2 superconducting wires

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Grivel, Jean-Claude

2018-01-01

MgB2 wires with iridium doping were manufactured using the in-situ technique in a composite Cu-Nb sheath. Reaction was performed at 700°C, 800°C or 900°C for 1h in argon atmosphere. A maximum of about 1.5 at.% Ir replaces Mg in MgB2. The superconducting transition temperature is slightly lowered...... by Ir doping. The formation of IrMg3 and IrMg4 secondary phase particles is evidenced, especially for a nominal stoichiometry with 2.0 at.% Ir doping. The critical current density and accommodation field of the wires are strongly dependent on the Ir content and are generally weakened in the presence...

Electrochemical deposition of La-Mg alloys in LaCl3-MgCl2-KCl system with molten salt electrolysis process

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sahoo Kumar D.

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La-Mg alloys of different compositions were prepared by electrolysis of LaCl3-MgCl2-KCl melts. Different phases of La-Mg alloys were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM. Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES analyses showed that chemical compositions of La-Mg alloys were consistent with phase structures of XRD pattern, and magnesium content in the alloy could be controlled by electrolysis parameters. The effects of various process parameters such as concentration of magnesium chloride in the bath, temperature of electrolysis and cathode current density on the current efficiency have been investigated. A maximum current efficiency of 85% and yield of 80% was obtained from the bath at 12.5A/cm2 current density at an operating temp 850°C.

The cadmium and lead content of the grain produced by leading Chinese rice cultivars.

Science.gov (United States)

Xie, L H; Tang, S Q; Wei, X J; Shao, G N; Jiao, G A; Sheng, Z H; Luo, J; Hu, P S

2017-02-15

The cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) content in both white and wholemeal flour milled from 110 leading rice cultivars was assessed. The white flour Cd content ranged from <0.0025 to 0.2530mg/kg (geometric mean (GM)=0.0150mg/kg), while its Pb content ranged from <0.0250 to 0.3830mg/kg (GM=0.0210mg/kg). The indica types took up higher amounts of Cd and Pb than did the japonica types. Although the heavy metal content of wholemeal flour tended to higher than that of white flour, nevertheless 84.5% (Cd) and 95.4% (Pb) of the entries were compliant with the national maximum allowable concentration of 0.2000mg/kg of each contaminant. An analysis of the Cd content in the white flour of three indica type cultivars grown in two consecutive years at two locations indicated that Cd content may be significantly affected by the conditions prevailing in the growing season. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Synthesis and microstructural characterization of Sr- and Mg-substituted LaGaO3 solid electrolyte

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Datta, Pradyot; Majewski, Peter; Aldinger, Fritz

2007-01-01

Sr and Mg substituted LaGaO 3 is a solid electrolyte for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell. Phase purity of this material is a concern for the researchers for a long time. In this contribution the secondary phases that are evolved during the synthesis of Sr and Mg doped LaGaO 3 are reported. For that purpose, a series of La 1-x Sr x Ga 1-y Mg y O 3-δ (LSGM) was prepared by solid state synthesis route. Scanning electron microscopic photographs showed secondary phases namely La 4 Ga 2 O 9 , LaSrGa 3 O 7 , LaSrGaO 4 along with the parent perovskite LSGM depending upon the amount of dopant. Amount of secondary phases was estimated from the peak positions of room temperature X-ray diffraction. It was observed that for a fixed amount of Mg dopant increasing the amount of Sr content also increased the amount of secondary phases whereas the reverse was found to be true when Sr content was fixed and Mg content was increased. This behaviour was attributed to the increase in solid solubility of Sr in presence of Mg

Deformation behavior of commercial Mg-Al-Zn-Mn type alloys under a hydrostatic extrusion process at elevated temperatures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoon, Duk Jae; Lee, Sang Mok; Lim, Seong Joo; Kim, Eung Zu

2010-01-01

This paper presents the deformation behavior of commercial Mg-Al-Zn-Mn type alloys during hydrostatic extrusion process at elevated temperatures. In the current study commercial Mg-Al-Zn-Mn type alloys with different Al contents were subjected to hydrostatic extrusion process at a range of temperatures and at ram speeds of 4.5, 10 and 17 mm/sec. Under the hydrostatic condition at 518K, the alloy with Al contents of 2.9 wt% was successfully extruded at all applied speeds. The alloys with Al content of 5.89 and 7.86 wt% were successful up to 10mm/sec, and finally extrusion of alloy with Al content 8.46wt% was successful only at 4.5 mm/sec. These results show that the deformation limit in the Mg alloys in terms of extrusion speed greatly extended to higher value in the proximity of lower Al content. It is presumed that deformation becomes harder as Al content increases because of strengthening mechanism by solute drag to increase of supersaturated Mg 17 Al 12 precipitates. Also, microstructures of cast and extruded Mg alloys were compared. Defect-wide microstructure of cast alloy completely evolved into dense and homogeneous microstructure with equiaxed grains

Mineral contents of some plants used in Iran.

Science.gov (United States)

Rahmatollah, Rahimi; Mahbobeh, Rabani

2010-07-01

In this work, mineral contents of 4 plants used in Iran were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry. The concentrations were calculated on a dry weight basis. All materials contained high amounts of Na, Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, P, Zn, and I. On a moisture-free basis, the highest levels of Ca, P, and Mg were found in spinach to be 3200 mg/100 g, 2150 mg/100 g, and 460 mg/100 g, respectively. Bi, Cd, Li, Pb, and Se contents of condiments were found to be very low. The results were compared with those from the Spanish, Turkish, and Indian. This work attempts to contribute to knowledge of the nutritional properties of these plants. These results may be useful for the evaluation of dietary information and concluded that the green vegetables are the good sources of minerals.

Selected Heavy Metals Content in Soil and Arundina graminifolia from Pelepah Kanan Mine, Kota Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sahibin Abdul Rahim; Zulfahmi Ali Rahman; Wan Mohd Razi Idris; Azman Hashim; Tukimat Lihan; Muhd Barzani Gasim; Jumaat Adam; Lim, F.N.

2009-01-01

Heavy metals composition of Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in Arundina graminifolia collected from mining area at Lombong Pelepah Kanan, Kota Tinggi, Johor were determined. The heavy metal content was also analysed in their soil substrates. The plants were separated into different portions for example root, stem and leaf and extracted for their heavy metal content by digestion method whereas the soils heavy metal content was extracted by sequential extraction. Heavy metal content in soil and plant extract was determined using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Heavy metal contents of Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb in plants were compared with their content in the control plant, whereas the Co and Zn contents were three to five folds higher. As for heavy metal content in different plant parts, it was found that Cd concentration was high in roots (2.03 mg/ kg) followed by leaf (1.67 mg/ kg) and stem (1.49 mg/ kg). Co concentration was high in leaf (9.26 mg/ kg) followed by root (9.18 mg/ kg) and stem (6.94 mg/ kg). For Cr, the concentration in decreasing sequence was root (0.46 mg/ kg) > leaf (0.19 mg/ kg) > stem (0.08 mg/ kg). Ni concentration was higher in leaf (2.78 mg/ kg) followed by root (2.71 mg/ kg) and stem (1.66 mg/ kg). Concentration in decreasing order was root (10.34 mg/ kg) > leaf (4.18 mg/ kg) > stem (3.75 mg/ kg). Zn concentration was higher in leaf (44.03 mg/ kg) followed by root (32.30 mg/ kg) and stem (13.21 mg/ kg). Total heavy metal content in soil was 2.07 - 5.59 mg/ kg, 8.72 - 39.93 mg/ kg, 1.81 - 2.14 mg/ kg, 2.66 - 6.87 mg/ kg, 23.02 - 51.56 mg/ kg and 0.64 - 2.61 mg/ kg for Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Co and Cr, respectively. The available fraction of heavy metals in soil was 21.9 % for Ni, 15.3 % for Zn, 49.9 % for Cd, 19.3 % for Pb, 45.7 % for Co and nil percent for Cr. Biological adsorption coefficient for the heavy metals studied was very low except for Zn where BAC value slightly higher than 1. This plant was not suitable to be used as a phyto

Lead, cadmium, and mercury contents of fungi in the Helsinki area and in unpolluted control areas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuusi, T.; Liukkonen-Lilja, H.; Piepponen, S.; Laaksovirta, K.; Lodenius, M.

1981-10-01

More than 40 species of wild-growing fungi in Finland have been investigated with regard to their contents of lead, cadmium and mercury. A total of 326 samples was studied, 242 being from the urban area of Helsinki and 84 from unpolluted rural areas. The lead content ranged from < 0.5 to 78 mg/kg of dry matter. In the control areas the mean contents for the different species ranged from < 0.5 to 13 mg/kg, and in the urban area from 0.5 to 16.8 mg/kg. The cadmium content ranged from < 0.2 to 101 mg/kg of dry matter. In the control areas the mean contents for the different species ranged from < 0.2 to 16.8 mg/kg, and in the urban area from < 0.2 to 17.3 mg/kg. The mercury content ranged from < 0.01 to 95 mg/kg of dry matter. In the rural areas the mean contents for the diferent species ranged from 0.03 to 4.2 mg/kg, and in the urban area from 0.02 to 14.1 mg/kg. In conclusion, consumption of those fungi that grow in unpolluted rural areas carries no risk, particularly when they belong to mycorrhizal species. In urban areas the risk is somewhat greater. The Agaricus species show the highest contents of the metals studied and their use as food requires caution.

Fracture toughness of MgCr2O4-ZrO2 composities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Singh, J.P.

1985-01-01

The effect of unstabilized ZrO 2 inclusions on the fracture surface energy of MgCr 2 O 4 was studied as a function of ZrO 2 content. It was observed that fracture surface energy increases with increasing ZrO 2 content, and reaches the maximum value of 24.5 j/m 2 at 16.5 vol% ZrO 2 . This represents an approx. = fourhold increase in the fracture surface energy of Mg 2 O 4 as a result of ZrO 2 inclusions. It is proposed that this improvement results from the energy absorbed by the microcracks formed in the MgCr 2 O 4 matrix as a result of the tetragonal → monoclinic phase transormation of ZrO 2 and the associated volume expansion

Growth and Yield Stimulation of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brasssica Napus L. by Mg-Titanit Fertiliser

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kováčik Peter

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The effort to achieve higher yields at the required qualitative level has led to the intensive studying the problems of the rational usage of the titanium containing fertilisers by the agricultural research in the course the previous thirty years. Therefore, the objective of the experiment was to evaluate the impact of two doses of Mg-Titanit (0.2 l/ha and 0.4 l/ha on the formation of the aboveground and underground phytomass, also on the total chlorophyll in leaves, on the titanium and nitrogen content in the seeds and straw, on the quantity and quality of winter rape yield. The doses were applied two or three times on the leaves of winter rape (BBCH 50-52, BBCH 59, BBCH 66-67. The experiment was realized on the Haplic Chernozem (48°42´ N, 17°70´ E - Western Slovakia during two farming years (2009/2010 and 2010/2011. The results showed that all three applications of Mg-Titanit in both doses stimulated the formation of aboveground and underground phytomass of winter rape. The highest growth of phytomass was detected after the second application. The application of Mg-Titanit in the growth phases BBCH 50-52 and BBCH 59 increased the contents of both chlorophylls (a and b, where the growth of chlorophyll b content was more considerable than the growth of chlorophyll a content. The third spraying by Mg-Titanit decreased the content of the total chlorophyll. The application of Mg-Titanit had the positive impact on the yield of seeds, straw and fat content in the winter oilseed rape seeds.

Fatty acid, tocopherol and squalene contents of Rosaceae seed oils.

Science.gov (United States)

Matthaus, Bertrand; Özcan, Mehmet Musa

2014-12-01

The aim of current study is to establish the composition of these seeds belong to Rosaceae family with respect to fatty acid, tocopherol and squalene content. The oil contents of seeds varied between 3.49 (Cotoneaster bullatus) to 46.15 g/100 g (Prunus tenella). The main fatty acids of seed oils were oleic (6.50 - 67.11 %), linoleic (22.08 - 68.62 %) and 20:1n-7 (0.10 - 61.59 %). As observed, the oils of seed were rich in linoleic and oleic acids. Total tocopherol contents ranged between 7.06 mg/100 g (Prunus tenella) to 165.74 mg/100 g (Potentilla glandulosa ssp. pseudorupestris). The major tocopherols were γ-tocopherol, ranging from 2.08 mg/100 g to 106.01 mg/100 g; α-tocopherol ranging from 2.86 mg100 g to 74.26 mg/100 g and δ-tocopherol ranging used in this experiment were found between 0.02 mg/100 g (Alchemilla caucasica) to o.29 mg/100 g (Cotoneaster simonsii). These results show that Rosaceae seed oils can be a potential saurce of valuable oil which might be useful for the evaluation of dietary information in important food crops and other industrial applications.

Mg-doped ZnO thin films deposited by the atomic layer chemical vapor deposition for the buffer layer of CIGS solar cell

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Zhao-Hui [Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, Soojung-gu, Seongnam city 461-701, Gyunggi-do (Korea, Republic of); Center for Photovoltaic and Solar Energy, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen city 518055 (China); Cho, Eou-Sik [Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, Soojung-gu, Seongnam city 461-701, Gyunggi-do (Korea, Republic of); Kwon, Sang Jik, E-mail: sjkwon@gachon.ac.kr [Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, Soojung-gu, Seongnam city 461-701, Gyunggi-do (Korea, Republic of)

2014-09-30

Highlights: • Mg-doped ZnO film as CIGS buffer was prepared by ALD process. • The grain size of ZnO-like hexagonal phase decreased with Mg content. • The transmittance and crystallinity increased but the band gap decreased with temperature. - Abstract: Mg-doped ZnO [(Zn, Mg)O] thin films were prepared by atomic layer chemical vapor deposition (ALCVD) process with different Mg content, using diethyl zinc, biscyclopentadienyl magnesium, and water as the metal and oxygen sources, respectively. The ratio of Mg to Zn was varied by changing the pulse ratio of MgCp{sub 2} to DEZn precursor to study its effect on the properties of (Zn, Mg)O thin films. From the experimental results, it was shown that the grain size of the ZnO-like hexagonal phase (Zn, Mg)O decreased as the Mg content increased. But the transmittance and optical band gap of (Zn, Mg)O films increased with the increase of the Mg content. In addition, the effect of the substrate temperature on the properties of (Zn, Mg)O films was also investigated. The deposition rate, transmittance, and crystallinity of (Zn, Mg)O films increased as the substrate temperature increased. But its band gap decreased slightly with the increase of substrate temperature.

Evaluation of polyphenol content in different parts of physalis ixocarpa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bakht, J.; Shafi, M.

2016-01-01

In the current study extracts of leaf, stem, fruit and calyx with different polarity was investigated for their phenolic content using high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric assay. Among different parts, stem contain high concentration of total polyphenol and gallic acid. The effect of extraction solvent on polyphenol quantification was observed in both assays. Spectrophotometric analysis of the data regarding polyphenol content indicated that among different extracts from the stem, leaf and fruit tissues; ethyl acetate extracted fraction of stem measured maximum polyphenol content of 110.376 mgGAE/g of dry extract. The ethyl acetate extracted sample of leaf showed high polyphenol (Gallic acid) content of 95 mg GAE/g of dry extract using high performance liquid chromatography assay. The amounts of phenolic content (Gallic acid) extracted from the parts of the plant with the different solvent ranged from 0.0354- 95 mg GAE/g of the dry extract using HPLC, however, spectrophotometric assay indicated total polyphenol ranged from 38-110.37 mgGAE g-1 of the dry extract. The current study suggested that ethyl acetate is an effective solvent for the extraction of polyphenol in different parts of P. ixocarapa. (author)

Isoflavone content and antioxidant properties of soybean seeds

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edina Šertović

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The isoflavone content and antioxidant properties of five Croatian soybean seed cultivars from two locations were analysed. The content of total and individual isofavones was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. For determination of antioxidant properties scavenging capacity on DPPHֹ radicals has been applied. The total phenolic content, oil and protein content in soybean cultivars were also determined. Significant differences in the content of individual isoflavones were observed within the soybean cultivars. The total phenol content in soybean cultivars ranged from 87.2 to 216.3 mg GAE/100g of soybean. The total isoflavone content in soybean seeds ranged from 80.7 to 213.6 mg/100g of soybean. The most abundant isoflavone in soybean seeds was genistein. There was statistically significant difference (p < 0.05 among two locations in total and individual isoflavone contents. The highest contents of total isoflavones were found in cultivar “os55-95”. Conversely, cultivars poor in isoflavones also showed low levels of DPPH-radical scavenging activity.

The Lactose and Galactose Content of Cheese Suitable for Galactosaemia: New Analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Portnoi, P A; MacDonald, A

2016-01-01

The UK Medical Advisory Panel of the Galactosaemia Support Group report the lactose and galactose content of 5 brands of mature Cheddar cheese, Comte and Emmi Emmental fondue mix from 32 cheese samples. The Medical Advisory Panel define suitable cheese in galactosaemia to have a lactose and galactose content consistently below 10 mg/100 g. A total of 32 samples (5 types of mature Cheddar cheese, Comte and "Emmi Swiss Fondue", an emmental fondue mix) were analysed by high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) technology used to perform lactose and galactose analysis. Cheddar cheese types: Valley Spire West Country, Parkham, Lye Cross Vintage, Lye Cross Mature, Tesco West Country Farmhouse Extra Mature and Sainsbury's TTD West Country Farmhouse Extra Mature had a lactose and galactose content consistently below 10 mg/100 g (range <0.05 to 12.65 mg). All Comte samples had a lactose content below the lower limit of detection (<0.05 mg) with galactose content from <0.05 to 1.86 mg/100 g; all samples of Emmi Swiss Fondue had lactose below the lower limit of detection (<0.05 mg) and galactose between 2.19 and 3.04 mg/100 g. All of these cheese types were suitable for inclusion in a low galactose diet for galactosaemia. It is possible that the galactose content of cheese may change over time depending on its processing, fermentation time and packaging techniques.

Mg-doped nano ferrihydrite - A new adsorbent for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mohapatra, M., E-mail: mamatamohapatra@yahoo.com [Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 013, Orissa (India); Hariprasad, D.; Mohapatra, L.; Anand, S.; Mishra, B.K. [Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 013, Orissa (India)

2012-03-01

The present study evaluates synthesized Mg-doped nano ferrihydrite powder as an adsorbent for F{sup -} removal from aqueous solutions. High surface area Mg-doped ferrihydrite was prepared by co-precipitation method under controlled conditions. Samples were prepared by varying Mg content in the range of 0.39-1.12%. Preliminary test work revealed that under similar conditions, with the increase in Mg content from 0.39 to 0.98% in doped ferrihydrite, % F{sup -} adsorption increased from 66 to 91%. Hence this sample was characterized by XRD, TEM, SAED and TG-DTA. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out by varying contact time (30-480 min), initial pH (1.0-10), initial fluoride concentration (10-150 mg/L), adsorbent dose (0.5-4 g/L), temperature (20-45 Degree-Sign C) and Cl{sup -} or SO{sub 4}{sup 2-} concentrations (nil to 50 mg/L). The results showed 0.98% Mg-doped ferrihydrite to be an excellent fluoride adsorbent giving maximum adsorption capacity of 64 mg/g. The time data fitted well to pseudo second order kinetic model. The isothermal data followed Langmuir model. Thermodynamic parameters confirmed the adsorption process to be spontaneous and endothermic. 89% of fluoride could be desorbed from loaded sample using 1 M NaOH.

Microstructure and heat resistance of Mg-Al-Zn alloys containing metastable phase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Jeong-Min; Park, Bong-Koo; Jun, Joong-Hwan; Shin, Keesam; Kim, Ki-Tae; Jung, Woon-Jae

2007-01-01

In this research microstructural studies have been made on cast specimens of AZ91 base alloys containing various amounts of Zn. As the amount of Zn addition increased up to 2%, any new Zn-containing phase did not appear while the Zn content in Mg 17 Al 12 phase continuously increased. A quasi-crystalline phase started to form at Mg 17 Al 12 phase when the added Zn content was about 3 wt.%. The tensile strength and elongation of the alloys at 175 deg. C were observed to increase significantly with increasing Zn content. The quasi-crystalline phase was found to be stable up to 300 deg. C, based on scanning electron microscopy examinations of the specimens heated at different temperatures for 24 h

Thermal, mechanics and electrical characterization of the Al-0,6%Mg-08%Si alloy refined and modified with different copper contents; Caracterizacao termica, mecanica e eletrica da liga Al-0,6% Mg-0,8% Si refinada e modificada com diferentes teores de cobre

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Freitas, E.S. [Universidade Federal do Para (UFPA), Belem, PA (Brazil)], Email: mmanufreitas@gmail.com; Marques, P.R.R.; Santos, W.L.R.; Kamizono, K.A.; Quaresma, J. Maria V.

2009-07-01

The aluminum, magnesium and silicon alloys form a very important group, utilized as casted form and worked alloys, especially in 6201 alloy series. These alloys show applicability on cables and wires fabrication to electrical energy transmission. The present work analyzes the copper content variation and its influence in electrical conductivity, tensile strength and in studied alloy ductility. The refined Al-0,6% Mg-0,8% Si studied alloy was modified with the following contents: [0,05; 0,10; 0,20 e 0,30]% Cu and unidirectional solidified. The test specimen were machined to 10 mm diameter and rolled to 3,98 mm, whose deformation rate was 60,2%. The obtained wires were mechanical, electrical and structural characterized and the mechanical and electrical characterization results were associated to fractures of evaluated micro cavities. The highest observation was the Cu content in alloy increases the TS, decreases electrical conductivity and increases liquidus isotherm's velocity, forming micro cavities. (author)

Relationships Between Element Contents in Polish Children's and Adolescents' Hair.

Science.gov (United States)

Długaszek, Maria; Skrzeczanowski, Wojciech

2017-11-01

Environment, sex, and age are the main factors which determine the elemental composition of hair. The objective of the study is to determine the contents of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in girls' and boys' hair in five age groups (within 1-19-year range) corresponding to successive human ontogenesis phases as well as to evaluate the relationships between these elements. Quantitative analysis has been carried out using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Experimental results were analyzed using classic and principal component (PCA) statistical analyses. In particular, differences between contents of particularly Ca, Mg, and Zn in girls' and boys' hair were found, and substantial differences between age groups were stated. In general, larger amounts of Ca, Mg, and Zn as compared to boys' hair have been observed for girls' hair and higher toxic element (Pb, Cd) contents for boys were measured in some age groups. An increasing trend was found for bioelements (Ca, Mg, Zn) both for girls and boys in all age groups, while for Cu and Fe content, changes are insignificant and even decreasing for teenagers. The most frequently correlating element pairs are Ca-Mg, Ca-Zn, Mg-Zn, and Pb-Cd. Classic and PCA statistics show, in general, a satisfactory consistence. The elemental composition of hair varies depending on the gender and age of children and young people.

Structural, optical and magnetic characterizations of Mn-doped MgO nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Azzaza, S.; El-Hilo, M.; Narayanan, S.; Judith Vijaya, J.; Mamouni, N.; Benyoussef, A.; El Kenz, A.; Bououdina, M.

2014-01-01

Structural, optical and room temperature magnetic properties of Mn-doped MgO nanoparticles with Mn fractions (5–50 at.%), were investigated. The as-prepared pure MgO, with grain size of about 15 nm, exhibits two magnetization components, one is diamagnetic and another is superparamagnetic. After removing the diamagnetic contribution, the magnetization curve exhibits superparamagnetic behavior which may be attributed to vacancy defects. As the Mn content increases, the lattice parameter decreases, the ferromagnetism appears and the emission bands were considerably blue shifted. First principle electronic structure calculations reveal the decrease of both the gap and the Curie temperature with increasing Mn concentration. The obtained results suggest that both Mn doping and oxygen vacancies play an important role in the development of room temperature ferromagnetism. - Graphical abstract: The measured room temperature magnetization curve for the Mn doped MgO with 5 at.%, 10 at.% and 20 at.%. - Highlights: • Combination of experimental and calculation methods. • Decrease of both the gap and the Curie temperature with increasing Mn content. • Ferromagnetism in MgO originate from interactions between defects

Oxalate Content of Taro Leaves Grown in Central Vietnam

Science.gov (United States)

Du Thanh, Hang; Phan Vu, Hai; Vu Van, Hai; Le Duc, Ngoan; Le Minh, Tuan; Savage, Geoffrey

2017-01-01

Leaves were harvested from four different cultivars of Colocasia esculenta and three cultivars of Alocasia odora that were growing on nine different farms in central Vietnam. The total, soluble and insoluble oxalate contents of the leaves were extracted and measured using HPLC chromatography. Total calcium determinations were also carried out on the same samples. The total oxalate content of the leaves ranged from 433.8 to 856.1 mg/100 g wet matter (WM) while the soluble oxalate ranged from 147.8 to 339.7 mg/100 g WM. The proportion of soluble oxalate ranged from 28% to 41% (overall mean 35%) of the total oxalate content of the leaves. The equivalent insoluble oxalate proportion ranged from 59% to 72% of the total (overall mean 65%). There was little difference between the Colocasia esculenta and Alocasia odora taro cultivars, although the total oxalate content was significantly higher in Alocasia odora cultivars. The overall mean total calcium content was 279.5 mg/100 WM and the percentage of insoluble calcium bound as calcium oxalate ranged from 31.7% to 57.3% of the total calcium content (overall mean 47.1%). The oxalate content in taro leaves is a major factor to consider when different cultivars of taro are recommended for human or animal consumption. PMID:28231080

Variability in the 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine content of 'ecstasy' tablets in the UK.

Science.gov (United States)

Wood, David Michael; Stribley, Vasoulla; Dargan, Paul Ivor; Davies, Susannah; Holt, David W; Ramsey, John

2011-09-01

Toxicity, such as hyperpyrexia, associated with the use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; 'ecstasy') appears to be related to serum MDMA concentrations. However, there does not appear to be a similar association with the number of tablets ingested, suggesting variation in the tablet content of MDMA. Although work has shown this variation in other areas of the world, no studies have reported on the variation of MDMA content in UK ecstasy tablets. Ecstasy tablets seized from individuals attending nightclubs were analysed qualitatively to determine if they contained MDMA and quantitatively to determine the MDMA content per tablet. The mean amount of MDMA hydrochloride in 101 seized ecstasy tablets was 58.7±22.9 mg per tablet, with a range of 20 mg to 131 mg per tablet. The majority (96.0%) of tablets contained less than 100 mg MDMA per tablet. There appeared to be a bimodal distribution of MDMA content at approximately 20-40 mg per tablet and 60-80 mg per tablet. There is variability in the MDMA content of ecstasy tablets in the UK. This variability could potentially put users at increased risk of acute harm due to inadvertent excess ingestion of MDMA, as they are unaware of the differences in the MDMA content. Repeat sampling and quantification of MDMA content of ecstasy tablets in the UK will allow better education of users about the potential harms associated with the variability in the MDMA content. In addition, it will provide information to allow the monitoring of changes in not only the MDMA content, but also other adulterants, in ecstasy tablets.

Effect of extraction solvent on total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Limnophila aromatica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Quy Diem Do

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Limnophila aromatica is commonly used as a spice and a medicinal herb in Southeast Asia. In this study, water and various concentrations (50%, 75%, and 100% of methanol, ethanol, and acetone in water were used as solvent in the extraction of L. aromatica. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content of the freeze-dried L. aromatica extracts were investigated using various in vitro assays. The extract obtained by 100% ethanol showed the highest total antioxidant activity, reducing power and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. The same extract also exhibited the highest phenolic content (40.5 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of defatted L. aromatica and the highest flavonoid content (31.11 mg quercetin equivalent/g of defatted L. aromatica. The highest extraction yield was obtained by using 50% aqueous acetone. These results indicate that L. aromatica can be used in dietary applications with a potential to reduce oxidative stress.

On the nature of T(Al2Mg3Zn3) and S(Al2CuMg) phases present in as-cast and annealed 7055 aluminum alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mondal, Chandan; Mukhopadhyay, A.K.

2005-01-01

Aluminum alloys, encompassed by AA 7055 alloy composition, having the nominal zinc content (i.e. 8 wt.%) but varying copper and magnesium contents across the alloy composition range were examined in the as-cast form by a combination of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It is observed that for all compositions, the second phases based on η(MgZn 2 ), T(Al 2 Mg 3 Zn 3 ) and S(Al 2 CuMg) are present. The T phase dissolves copper up to 28 wt.%, whilst the S phase shows metastable solubility of zinc that may range up to 30 wt.%. In alloys with magnesium at the lower limit and the copper contents approaching the upper limit of the alloy composition, the θ phase (Al 2 Cu) of the constituent binary Al-Cu system is further observed. The θ phase (Al 2 Cu) does not dissolve either zinc or magnesium. Below the nominal composition, the alloys could be homogenized substantially using a commercially viable homogenization treatment leaving small amounts of undissolved S phase that does not contain any zinc

Standards-based Content Resources: A Prerequisite for Content Integration and Content Interoperability

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christian Galinski

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Objective: to show how standards-based approaches for content standardization, content management, content related services and tools as well as the respective certification systems not only guarantee reliable content integration and content interoperability, but also are of particular benefit to people with special needs in eAccessibility/eInclusion. Method: document MoU/MG/05 N0221 ''Semantic Interoperability and the need for a coherent policy for a framework of distributed, possibly federated repositories for all kinds of content items on a world-wide scale''2, which was adopted in 2005, was a first step towards the formulation of global interoperability requirements for structured content. These requirements -based on advanced terminological principles- were taken up in EU-projects such as IN-SAFETY (INfrastructure and SAFETY and OASIS (Open architecture for Accessible Services Integration and Standardization. Results: Content integration and content interoperability are key concepts in connection with the emergence of state-of-the-art distributed and federated databases/repositories of structured content. Given the fact that linguistic content items are increasingly combined with or embedded in non-linguistic content items (and vice versa, a systemic and generic approach to data modelling and content management has become the order of the day. Fulfilling the requirements of capability for multilinguality and multimodality, based on open standards makes software and database design fit for eAccessibility/eInclusion from the outset. It also makes structured content capable for global content integration and content interoperability, because it enhances its potential for being re-used and re-purposed in totally different eApplications. Such content as well as the methods, tools and services applied can be subject to new kinds of certification schemes which also should be based on standards. Conclusions: Content must be totally reliable in some

Pulp antioxidant activities, mineral contents and juice nutritional ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Statistical differences among the citrus pulps were established for the contents of phenols, flavonoids and carotenoids, the quantification of bioactive compounds revealed distinct contents amongst the analysed materials. Phenolic and flavonoid contents presented a value between 3108.78 and 4046.20 mg gallic acid/100 g ...

Preparation and characterization of porous Mg-Zn-Ca alloy by space holder technique

Science.gov (United States)

Annur, D.; Lestari, Franciska P.; Erryani, A.; Sijabat, Fernando A.; G. P. Astawa, I. N.; Kartika, I.

2018-04-01

Magnesium had been recently researched as a future biodegradable implant material. In the recent study, porous Mg-Zn-Ca alloys were developed using space holder technique in powder metallurgy process. Carbamide (10-20%wt) was added into Mg-6Zn-1Ca (in wt%) alloy system as a space holder to create porous structure material. Sintering process was done in a tube furnace under Argon atmosphere in 610 °C for 5 hours. Porous structure of the resulted alloy was examined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), while the phase formation was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Further, mechanical properties of porous Mg-Zn-Ca alloy was examined through compression testing. Microstructure characterization showed higher content of Carbamide in the alloy would give different type of pores. However, compression test showed that mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy would decrease significantly when higher content of carbamide was added.

A study on total phenolics and vitamin c contents of kalecik karasi (vitis vinifera l.) clones

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Keskin, N.; Keskin, S.

2014-01-01

In this study total phenolic and vitamin C contents of the fully ripe berries of 23 clones of Kalecik Karasi which is one of the leading Turkish local red-wine grape cultivar originally grown in Kizilirmak valley near Kalecik/Ankara region were examined under the clone selection project supported by TUBTAK (Project Nr: 107 O 731). High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for vitamin C and spectrophotometer for total phenolics estimation. One way ANOVA was used to compare means of clone for their total phenolic and vitamin C contents. In addition to this univariate method, hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to identify similarity levels among the clones by considering total phenolics and vitamin C content together. Differences among the clones were found statistically significant for both characteristics. Total phenolic contents of the clones varied from 3.310 mg (clone 21) to 3.389 mg (clone 6) as GAE g fw. Vitamin C content ranged from 14.010 mg (clone 6) to 16.500 mg (clone 19) in 100g fw. Furthermore, similarity level for all clones was 83.1% that means variation rate is about 17% among the clones. As a summary of whole data, the first three performing clones are 6 (3.389 mg), 10 (3.374 mg) and 1 (3.365 mg) for total phenolics, and 19 (16.500 mg), 9 (16.020 mg), and 21 (16.015 mg) for vitamin C contents of the berries. (author)

Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial property of ZnO:Mg nanoparticles

Science.gov (United States)

Kompany, A.; Madahi, P.; Shahtahmasbi, N.; Mashreghi, M.

2012-09-01

Sol-gel method was successfully used for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) doped with different concentrations of Mg and the structural, optical and antibacterial properties of the nanoparticles were studied. The synthesized ZnO:Mg powders were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transformation Infrared (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. It was revealed that the samples have hexagonal Wurtzite structure, and the phase segregation takes place for 15% Mg content. TEM images show that the average size of the particles is about 50 nm. Also, the antibacterial activities of the nanoparticles were tested against Escherichia coli (Gram negative) cultures. ZnO:Mg nanofluid showed good antibacterial activity which increases with the increase of NPs concentration, and decreases slightly with the amount of Mg.

Role of Cu-Mg-Al mixed oxide catalysts in lignin depolymerization in supercritical ethanol

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Huang, X.; Ceylanpinar, A.; Koranyi, T.I.; Boot, M.D.; Hensen, E.J.M.

2015-01-01

We investigate the role of Cu-Mg-Al mixed oxides in depolymerization of soda lignin in supercritical ethanol. A series of mixed oxides with varying Cu content and (Cu+Mg)/Al ratio were prepared. The optimum catalyst containing 20 wt% Cu and having a (Cu+Mg)/Al ratio of 4 yielded 36 wt% monomers

Effects of dietary manganese contents on 54Mn metabolism in mice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sato, I.; Matsusaka, N.; Kobayashi, H.; Nishimura, Y.

1996-01-01

Several parameters of 54 Mn metabolism were noted in mice maintained on diets with manganese contents of 80 to 8000 mg/kg. Excretion of 54 Mn was promoted as the dietary manganese contents increased. Clearance of 54 Mn from the liver, kidneys, pancreas, and spleen was markedly accelerated by feeding mice a high-manganese diet, but clearance from the muscles, femurs, and brain was relatively insensitive to the dietary manganese. Manganese concentrations in the tissue were regulated homoestatically upto the dietary manganese content of 2400 mg/kg, but marked accumulations of manganese occurred when mice were given 8000 mg/kg diet. No toxic symptoms were found up to the 2400 mg/kg diet, but consumption of the 8000 mg/kg diet was less than for other diets. These results suggest that an oral intake of excess manganese is effective for promoting the excretion of 54 Mn from a body contaminated with this isotope. (author)

Mechanical behaviour of Zn–Al–Cu–Mg alloys: Deformation mechanisms of as-cast microstructures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wu, Zhicheng; Sandlöbes, Stefanie; Wu, Liang; Hu, Weiping; Gottstein, Günter; Korte-Kerzel, Sandra, E-mail: Korte-Kerzel@imm.rwth-aachen.de

2016-01-10

We study the effects of dilute Mg addition on the microstructure formation and mechanical properties of a ZnAl4Cu1 alloy. On the basis of the composition of the commercial alloy Z410 (4 wt% Al, 1 wt% Cu, and 0.04 wt% Mg), three laboratory alloys with different Mg contents (0.04 wt%, 0.21 wt% and 0.31 wt%) are characterised in terms of their mechanical properties and microstructures using ex-situ and in-situ tensile tests in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Increasing Mg content causes the precipitation of Mg{sub 2}Zn{sub 11} phase precipitates and refined lamellar spacings in the eutectoid phase. The alloy with a medium Mg content (0.21 wt%) exhibits the highest yield strength both at room temperature and at elevated temperatures. Further, we show that dilute Mg alloying causes an improvement of the ductility of ZnAl4Cu1 base-alloys, especially at elevated temperatures. In addition, the alloys reveal two distinct deformation regimes distinguishable close to room temperature and at commonly employed strain rates, with work hardening and brittle fracture exhibited at room temperature and/or elevated strain rate (5×10{sup −4} s{sup −1}), and work softening and ductile fracture at elevated temperature and/or low strain rate (6×10{sup −6} s{sup −1}). The deformation mechanisms and fracture behaviour in both regimes are investigated and the underlying physical mechanisms of the observed phenomena are discussed.

Mechanical behaviour of Zn–Al–Cu–Mg alloys: Deformation mechanisms of as-cast microstructures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu, Zhicheng; Sandlöbes, Stefanie; Wu, Liang; Hu, Weiping; Gottstein, Günter; Korte-Kerzel, Sandra

2016-01-01

We study the effects of dilute Mg addition on the microstructure formation and mechanical properties of a ZnAl4Cu1 alloy. On the basis of the composition of the commercial alloy Z410 (4 wt% Al, 1 wt% Cu, and 0.04 wt% Mg), three laboratory alloys with different Mg contents (0.04 wt%, 0.21 wt% and 0.31 wt%) are characterised in terms of their mechanical properties and microstructures using ex-situ and in-situ tensile tests in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Increasing Mg content causes the precipitation of Mg_2Zn_1_1 phase precipitates and refined lamellar spacings in the eutectoid phase. The alloy with a medium Mg content (0.21 wt%) exhibits the highest yield strength both at room temperature and at elevated temperatures. Further, we show that dilute Mg alloying causes an improvement of the ductility of ZnAl4Cu1 base-alloys, especially at elevated temperatures. In addition, the alloys reveal two distinct deformation regimes distinguishable close to room temperature and at commonly employed strain rates, with work hardening and brittle fracture exhibited at room temperature and/or elevated strain rate (5×10"−"4 s"−"1), and work softening and ductile fracture at elevated temperature and/or low strain rate (6×10"−"6 s"−"1). The deformation mechanisms and fracture behaviour in both regimes are investigated and the underlying physical mechanisms of the observed phenomena are discussed.

Effects of graphite doping on critical current density and microstructure of MgB{sub 2} bulks by an improved Mg-diffusion method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pan, X.F. [Key Laboratory of Magnetic Levitation and Maglev Trains (Ministry of Education of China), Superconductivity R and D Center (SRDC), Mail Stop 165, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 (China); Zhao, Y. [Key Laboratory of Magnetic Levitation and Maglev Trains (Ministry of Education of China), Superconductivity R and D Center (SRDC), Mail Stop 165, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 (China); School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW (Australia)], E-mail: yshao@home.swjtu.edu.cn; Feng, Y. [Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, P.O. Box 51, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710016 (China); Western Superconductivity Technology Company, Xi' an (China); Yang, Y. [Key Laboratory of Magnetic Levitation and Maglev Trains (Ministry of Education of China), Superconductivity R and D Center (SRDC), Mail Stop 165, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 (China); Cheng, C.H. [Key Laboratory of Magnetic Levitation and Maglev Trains (Ministry of Education of China), Superconductivity R and D Center (SRDC), Mail Stop 165, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 (China); School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW (Australia)

2008-09-15

abstract: A series of graphite-doped MgB{sub 2} bulks with high density have been successfully prepared by an improved Mg-diffusion method in ambient pressure. The effects of graphite doping on lattice parameters, T{sub c}, J{sub c} and microstructure of MgB{sub 2} have been investigated. The results show that compared to the nano-C-doped or CNTs-doped MgB{sub 2}, C is not easy to substitute B in graphite-doped MgB{sub 2}. However, at the same C content, the graphite-doped MgB{sub 2} has a higher J{sub c}. At 10 K and self-field, the J{sub c} for MgB{sub 1.985}C{sub 0.015} reaches 0.58 MA/cm{sup 2}. For the MgB{sub 1.945}C{sub 0.055}, at 5 K, 7 T and 10 K, 6 T the J{sub c} achieves 10,000 A/cm{sup 2} which is two orders of magnitude higher than that for the undoped sample. In addition to improving electron scattering and intergranular connectivity, the unreacted graphite in the graphite-doped MgB{sub 2} is proposed to be responsible to the excellent J{sub c} properties of MgB{sub 2} in high fields, due to depressed grain growth and enhanced grain boundary flux pinning.

Total phenol content and antioxidant activity of water solutions of plant extracts

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mirela Kopjar

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Water solutions of extracts were investigated for total phenol content, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. Susceptibility to degradation of water solutions of plant extracts, under light and in the dark, during storage at room temperature was investigated in order to determine their stability prior to their application for fortification of food products. Large dispersion of total phenol (TP content in the investigated model solutions of selected extracts (olive leaves, green tea, red grape, red wine, pine bark PE 5:1, pine bark PE 95 %, resveratrol, ranging from 11.10 mg GAE/100 mL to 92.19 mg GAE/100 mL was observed. Consequently, large dispersion of total flavonoids (TF content (8.89 mg to 61.75 mg CTE/100 mL was also observed. Since phenols have been mostly responsible for antioxidant activity of extracts, in most cases, antioxidant activity followed the TP content. That was proven by estimation of correlation coefficient between the total phenol content and antioxidant activity. Correlation coefficients between investigated parameters ranged from 0.5749 to 0.9604. During storage of 5 weeks at room temperature loss of phenols and flavonoids occurred. Antioxidant activity decreased with the decrease of TP and TF content. Degradations of phenols and flavonoids were more pronounced in samples stored at light.

Effect of Thermomechanical Processing on Microstructure, Texture Evolution, and Mechanical Properties of Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloys with Different Zn Contents

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, X. F.; Guo, M. X.; Chen, Y.; Zhu, J.; Zhang, J. S.; Zhuang, L. Z.

2017-07-01

The effect of thermomechanical processing on microstructure, texture evolution, and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys with different Zn contents was studied by mechanical properties, microstructure, and texture characterization in the present study. The results show that thermomechanical processing has a significant influence on the evolution of microstructure and texture and on the final mechanical properties, independently of Zn contents. Compared with the T4P-treated (first preaged at 353 K (80 °C) for 12 hours and then naturally aged for 14 days) sheets with high final cold rolling reduction, the T4P-treated sheets with low final cold rolling reduction possess almost identical strength and elongation and higher average r values. Compared with the intermediate annealed sheets with high final cold rolling reduction, the intermediate annealed sheets with low final cold rolling reduction contain a higher number of particles with a smaller size. After solution treatment, in contrast to the sheets with high final cold rolling reduction, the sheets with low final cold rolling reduction possess finer grain structure and tend to form a weaker recrystallization texture. The recrystallization texture may be affected by particle distribution, grain size, and final cold rolling texture. Finally, the visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) model was used to predict r values.

Oxalate Content of Taro Leaves Grown in Central Vietnam

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hang Du Thanh

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Leaves were harvested from four different cultivars of Colocasia esculenta and three cultivars of Alocasia odora that were growing on nine different farms in central Vietnam. The total, soluble and insoluble oxalate contents of the leaves were extracted and measured using HPLC chromatography. Total calcium determinations were also carried out on the same samples. The total oxalate content of the leaves ranged from 433.8 to 856.1 mg/100 g wet matter (WM while the soluble oxalate ranged from 147.8 to 339.7 mg/100 g WM. The proportion of soluble oxalate ranged from 28% to 41% (overall mean 35% of the total oxalate content of the leaves. The equivalent insoluble oxalate proportion ranged from 59% to 72% of the total (overall mean 65%. There was little difference between the Colocasia esculenta and Alocasia odora taro cultivars, although the total oxalate content was significantly higher in Alocasia odora cultivars. The overall mean total calcium content was 279.5 mg/100 WM and the percentage of insoluble calcium bound as calcium oxalate ranged from 31.7% to 57.3% of the total calcium content (overall mean 47.1%. The oxalate content in taro leaves is a major factor to consider when different cultivars of taro are recommended for human or animal consumption.

The natural aging and precipitation hardening behaviour of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys with different Mg/Si ratios and Cu additions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ding, Lipeng [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044 China (China); Jia, Zhihong, E-mail: zhihongjia@cqu.edu.cn [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044 China (China); Zhang, Zhiqing; Sanders, Robert E.; Liu, Qing [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044 China (China); Yang, Guang [Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Centre for Dielectric Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049 (China)

2015-03-11

The natural aging and artificial aging behaviours of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys with different Mg/Si ratios and Cu additions were investigated using Vickers microhardness measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterisation. Excess Si and Cu additions enhanced the alloy hardening ability during natural (NA) and artificial aging (AA). Alloys with low Cu and high Si contents exhibited higher precipitation hardening than alloys rich in Mg during artificial aging. In contrast, the alloys with high amounts of Cu were less dependent on the Mg/Si ratio during precipitation hardening due to their similar aging kinetics. The main precipitate phases that contributed to the peak-aging hardness were the L, Q′ and β″ phases. In the over-aging conditions, the alloys rich in Mg and Cu had finer and more numerous precipitates than their Si-rich equivalents due to the preferential precipitation of the L phase. The combination of excess Mg and high Cu resulted in an alloy with a relatively low hardness in T4 temper and a relatively higher hardness after the paint baking cycle. Thus, this alloy has good potential for use in auto body panel applications.

The electrochemical properties and mechanism of formation of anodic oxide films on Mg-Al alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Seong Jong; Okido, Masazumi

2003-01-01

The electronchemical properties and the mechanism of formation of anodic oxide films on Mg alloys containing 0-15 mass% Al, when anodized in NaOH solution, were investigated by focusing on the effects of anodizing potential, Al content, and anodizing time. The intensity ratio of Mg(OH) 2 in the XRD analysis decreased with increasing applied potential, while that of MgO increased. Mg(OH) 2 was barely detected at 80 V, while MgO was readily detected. The anti-corrosion properties of anodized specimens at each constant potential were better than those of non-anodized specimens. The specimen anodized at an applied potential of 3 V had the best anti-corrosion property. The intensity ratio of the β phase increased with aluminum content in Mg-Al alloys. During anodizing, the active dissolution reaction occurred preferentially in β phase until about 4 min, and then the current density increased gradually until 7 min. The dissolution reaction progressed in α phase, which had a lower Al content. In the anodic polarization test in 0.017 mol·dm -3 NaCl and 0.1 mol·dm -3 Na 2 SO 4 at 298 K, the current density of Mg-15 mass% Al alloy anodized for 10 min increased, since the anodic film that forms on the α phase is a non-compacted film. The anodic film on the α phase at 30 min was a compact film as compared with that at 10 min

The paint-bake response of three Al-Mg-Zn alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balderach, Dustin C.; Hamilton, Jennifer A.; Leung, Emma; Cristina Tejeda, M.; Qiao Jun; Taleff, Eric M.

2003-01-01

The aging behaviors of three Al-Mg-Zn alloys have been investigated under conditions similar to the paint-bake cycle currently used in automotive manufacturing. The three alloys contain Mg in atomic concentrations from one to two times those of Zn. Natural aging at 25 deg. C after solutionizing is found to produce a linear increase in hardness with logarithmic time for times of up to 1 year. Hardnesses in naturally and artificially aged conditions are found to increase with Mg content. Artificial aging at 175 deg. C for 30 min, which simulates the automotive paint-bake cycle, produces increases in hardness of 15-36% over the solution-treated conditions. Peak hardness from artificial aging at 175 deg. C is produced in all alloys after approximately 8 h. Natural aging for 10 days prior to artificial aging at 175 deg. C does not produce significant changes in hardness compared with artificial aging alone. Natural aging for 1 year after simulated paint-bake aging increases hardnesses by 41-78% over those after simulated paint-bake aging alone. The precipitation strengthening mechanism in these alloys is consistent with η' formation. Increases in hardness and strength with increasing Mg content are consistent with increased solid-solution strengthening, which is retained even after artificial aging

Induction précoce de l'ovulation chez le saumon Atlantique Salmo salar élevé entièrement en eau douce

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

JALABERT B.

1980-10-01

Full Text Available Des essais réalisés sur une population de Saumon Atlantique de l'Allier, élevée entièrement en eau douce, ont démontré la possibilité d'induire artificiellement l'ovulation avec une avance d'au moins 15 jours sur la date d'ovulation naturelle. Le traitement le plus avantageux (dose minimale de gonadotropine de Saumon partiellement purifiée. G.S.P.P. de 0,1 mg/kg fournissant une réponse rapide est constitué par deux injections successives de G.S.P.P. (0,05 mg/kg suivies d'une injection de 17 x hydroxy-20 β dihydroprogestérone (2 mg/kg.

Sodium content in major brands of US packaged foods, 2009.

Science.gov (United States)

Gillespie, Cathleen; Maalouf, Joyce; Yuan, Keming; Cogswell, Mary E; Gunn, Janelle P; Levings, Jessica; Moshfegh, Alanna; Ahuja, Jaspreet K C; Merritt, Robert

2015-02-01

Most Americans consume more sodium than is recommended, the vast majority of which comes from commercially packaged and restaurant foods. In 2010 the Institute of Medicine recommended that manufacturers reduce the amount of sodium in their products. The aim was to assess the sodium content in commercially packaged food products sold in US grocery stores in 2009. With the use of sales and nutrition data from commercial sources, we created a database with nearly 8000 packaged food products sold in major US grocery stores in 2009. We estimated the sales-weighted mean and distribution of sodium content (mg/serving, mg/100 g, and mg/kcal) of foods within food groups that contribute the most dietary sodium to the US diet. We estimated the proportion of products within each category that exceed 1) the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) limits for sodium in foods that use a "healthy" label claim and 2) 1150 mg/serving or 50% of the maximum daily intake recommended in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Products in the meat mixed dishes category had the highest mean and median sodium contents per serving (966 and 970 mg, respectively). Products in the salad dressing and vegetable oils category had the highest mean and median concentrations per 100 g (1072 and 1067 mg, respectively). Sodium density was highest in the soup category (18.4 mg/kcal). More than half of the products sold in 11 of the 20 food categories analyzed exceeded the FDA limits for products with a "healthy" label claim. In 4 categories, >10% of the products sold exceeded 1150 mg/serving. The sodium content in packaged foods sold in major US grocery stores varied widely, and a large proportion of top-selling products exceeded limits, indicating the potential for reduction. Ongoing monitoring is necessary to evaluate the progress in sodium reduction. © 2015 American Society for Nutrition.

Mineral content in four browse species from northeastern mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tilo, G.; Gomez, D.; Roque, G.; Lonano, R.; Lozano, R.

2014-01-01

The aim of the present study was to determine and compare macro (Ca, K, Mg, Na and P) and micro (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) nutrient foliar content in Acacia amentacea (DC.), Celtis pallida (Torr.), Forestiera angustifolia (Torr.) and Parkinsonia texana (A. Gray). Leaf samples were collected monthly from January throughout December 2009 in China, Linares and Los Ramones counties in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. All nutrients were significantly different among sites, months and species; double and triple interactions were also significant. Among sites, samples from Los Ramones County showed the higher macronutrient content, followed by China and Linares. As for species, Celtis pallida showed the highest values while A. amentacea had the lowest macronutrient content. Micronutrient content showed the following decreasing order: China>Los Ramones>Linares. Parkinsonia texana was characteristically the most abundant in micronutrient content, while, A. amentacea was the poorest in this respect. Regardless of species, site or timing, Ca (total mean = 30 g kg-1), K (15; except A. amentacea), Mg (5.2; except A. amentacea), Na (1.9; only F. angustifolia), Fe (100 mg kg-1), Mn (51; only F. angustifolia) and Zn (35; except A. amentacea) were determined to be present in suitable amounts to meet nutritional requirements of range ruminants, while Na (1.9; except F. angustifolia), P (1.3 g kg-1) and Cu (6 mg kg-1) were marginally deficient throughout the year. (author)

Powder metallurgical low-modulus Ti-Mg alloys for biomedical applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Yong; Li, Kaiyang; Luo, Tao; Song, Min; Wu, Hong; Xiao, Jian; Tan, Yanni; Cheng, Ming; Chen, Bing; Niu, Xinrui; Hu, Rong; Li, Xiaohui; Tang, Huiping

2015-11-01

In this work, powder metallurgical (PM) Ti-Mg alloys were prepared using combined techniques of mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. The alloys mainly consist of super saturations of Mg in Ti matrix, and some laminar structured Ti- and Mg-rich phases. The PM Ti-Mg alloys contain a homogeneous mixtures of nanocrystalline Mg and Ti phases. The novel microstructures result in unconventional mechanical and biological properties. It has been shown that the PM Ti-Mg alloys have a much lower compression modulus (36-50GPa) compared to other Ti alloys, but still remain a very high compressive strength (1500-1800MPa). In addition, the PM Ti-Mg alloys show good biocompatibility and bioactivity. Mg can dissolve in the simulated body fluids, and induce the formation of the calcium phosphate layer. The compression modulus of PM Ti-Mg alloys decreases with the amount of Mg, while the bioactivity increases. Although the corrosion resistance of Ti-Mg alloys decreases with the content of Mg, the alloys still show good stability in simulated body fluid under electrochemical conditions. The indirect and direct cytotoxicity results show that PM Ti-Mg alloys have a good biocompatibility to NIH-3T3 cells. Therefore, the PM Ti-Mg alloys are promising candidates in biomedical applications. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

MgNiO-based metal-semiconductor- metal ultraviolet photodetector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhao Yanmin; Zhang Jiying; Jiang Dayong; Shan Chongxin; Zhang Zhenzhong; Yao Bin; Zhao Dongxu; Shen Dezhen

2009-01-01

In this study, we report the growth of Mg x Ni 1-x O thin films on quartz substrates by electron beam evaporation. The absorption edge shows a blue shift from 340 nm to 260 nm with increase in the Mg content from 0.2 to 0.8. A metal-semiconductor-metal structured photodetector is fabricated from the Mg 0.2 Ni 0.8 O film. At a bias of 5 V, the dark current of the photodetector is about 70 nA. The maximum responsivity is about 147.3 μA W -1 at 320 nm. In addition, the ultraviolet (UV) (320 nm) to visible (400 nm) rejection ratio is nearly two orders of magnitude. Based on these results, it is proposed that Mg x Ni 1-x O is a potential candidate for application in UV photodetectors. (fast track communication)

Structural and magnetic properties of Mg-Zn ferrites (Mg{sub 1−x}Zn{sub x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4}) prepared by sol-gel method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reyes-Rodríguez, Pamela Yajaira, E-mail: pamela2244_4@hotmail.com [Cinvestav-Unidad Saltillo, Av. Industrial Metalúrgica #1062, Parque Industrial Saltillo-Ramos Arizpe, CP 25900, México (Mexico); Cortés-Hernández, Dora Alicia; Escobedo-Bocardo, José Concepción; Almanza-Robles, José Manuel; Sánchez-Fuentes, Héctor Javier; Jasso-Terán, Argentina; De León-Prado, Laura Elena [Cinvestav-Unidad Saltillo, Av. Industrial Metalúrgica #1062, Parque Industrial Saltillo-Ramos Arizpe, CP 25900, México (Mexico); Méndez-Nonell, Juan [Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Ave. Miguel Cervantes #120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, CP 31109 Chihuahua, México (Mexico); Hurtado-López, Gilberto Francisco [Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo #140, CP 25294 Saltillo, Coahuila, México (Mexico)

2017-04-01

In this study, the Mg{sub 1−x}Zn{sub x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles (x=0–0.9) were prepared by sol-gel method. These ferrites exhibit an inverse spinel structure and the lattice parameter increases as the substitution of Zn{sup 2+} ions is increased. At lower Zn content (0.1≤x≤0.5), saturation magnetization (Ms) increases, while it decreases at higher Zn content (x≥6). The remnant magnetization (0.17–2.0 emu/g) and coercive field (6.0–60 Oe) indicate a ferrimagnetic behavior. The average core diameter of selected ferrites is around 15 nm and the nanoparticles morphology is quasi spherical. The heating ability of some Mg{sub 0.9}Zn{sub 0.1}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and Mg{sub 0.7}Zn{sub 0.3}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} aqueous suspensions indicates that the magnetic nanoparticles can increase the medium temperature up to 42 °C in a time less than 10 min - Highlights: • Magnetic nanoparticles of Mg{sub 1−x}Zn{sub x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} were synthesized by sol-gel method. • Nanoparticles showing a single spinel crystalline structure were obtained. • Aqueous suspensions of Mg{sub 0.7}Zn{sub 0.3}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and Mg{sub 0.9}Zn{sub 0.1}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} show heating ability.

Micro- and Macroelements Content in Soil, Plants Nectaro- Pollenifer Leaves, Pollen and Bees Body

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicolae Eremia

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Taking into account the fact that quality and biological value of bee products depend on the chemical composition and taking account of the environmental situation, studying the content and dynamics of micro-, macro elements composition of soil, plant, bee products and bee body have theoretical and practical interest. Our research was conducted to determine the micro-and macro elements content in soil composition, nectar-pollen plant leaves, pollen, bee bread and body. Content of micro- and macro elements were determined by atomic spectroscopy method in the laboratory of the Institute of Atomic Spectroscopy Chemistry of the ASM. It was established that the soil composition is containing 5434,69 mg/kg micronutrients in nectar-pollen plant leaves - 319,3 mg/kg, pollen - 179,04 mg/kg, pasture - 152,7 mg/kg, honey - 5,01 mg/kg and the bee body - 103,76 mg/kg. It was revealed that the total quantity of studied macro elements in soil was 6230,1 mg/kg, nectar-pollen plant leaves - 54409,9 mg/kg, pollen - 13772,74 mg/kg, pasture - 9311,2 mg/kg in bee body - 24234,2 mg/kg.

The microstructure of mechanically alloyed Al-Mg determined by X-ray diffraction peak profile analysis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gubicza, J.; Kassem, M.; Ribarik, G.; Ungar, T

2004-05-15

The effect of the nominal Mg content and the milling time on the microstructure and the hardness of mechanically alloyed Al-rich Al-Mg solid solutions is studied. The crystallite size distribution and the dislocation structure are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak profile analysis and the hardness is obtained from depth-sensing indentation tests. Magnesium gradually goes into solid solution during ball milling and after 3 h an almost complete solid solution is attained. With increasing milling time, the Mg concentration in solid solution, the dislocation density and the hardness increase, whereas the crystallite size decreases. A similar tendency of these parameters is observed at a particular duration of ball milling with increasing nominal Mg content. After 3 h milling there are no changes in both the microstructure and the hardness.

THE RESEARCH OF TOTAL POLYPHENOLS CONTENT AND THEIR CHANGES IN DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF POTATOES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Beáta Volnová

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants with antioxidant properties. In this work we research the changes in the content of total polyphenols in five varieties of potatoes (Rumelia, Arwen, Megan, Malvína, Erídia. Potatoes were grown at the stage of full maturity from Matejovce nad Hornádom, region of Poprad. Total polyphenols we determined in whole peeled potatoes; in the outside part of peeled potato tubers (1 cm; in inside part of potato tubers (mean 2 cm and in the whole peel-boiled potatoes. The total polyphenols content was determined by spectrophotometry (λ = 765 nm and it was used lyophilized samples in ethanol extracts. In whole peeled potatoes was the content of total polyphenols in the range from 243.34 mg.kg-1 DM (cv. Rumelia to 446.38 mg.kg-1 DM (cv. Megan, in the outside part of peeled potato tubers was content in the range from 190.45 mg.kg-1 (cv. Rumelia to 446.84 mg.kg-1 DM (cv. Malvína and in inside part of potato tubers from 245.51 mg.kg-1 to 446.26 mg.kg-1 DM (Arwen < Rumelia < Megan < Erídia < Malvína. In the whole peel-boiled potatoes was the lowest content of total polyphenols in variety Rumelia (252.5 mg.kg-1 DM and the highest content in variety Megan (440.54 mg.kg-1 DM. Results were statistically evaluated by the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA – Multiple Range Tests, Method: 95.0 percent LSD using statistical software STATGRAPHICS (Centurion XVI.I, USA and the regression and correlation analysis (Microsoft Excel was used.

Study the Effect of Mg O on the Photo catalysis of Zn O Thin Layers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zaghlool, R.A.I.M.

2011-01-01

The removal of the non-biodegradable organic chemicals is a crucial ecological problem. Dyes are an important class of synthetic organic compounds used in the textile industry and are therefore common industrial pollutants. Due to the stability of modern dyes, conventional biological treatment methods for industrial wastewater are ineffective resulting often in an intensively colored discharge from the treatment facilities. Heterogeneous photo catalysis by semiconductor films is a promising technology for the reduction of global environmental pollutants. Zn O has received much attention in the degradation and complete mineralization of environmental pollutants. In order to improve the properties of the films, several techniques such as sputtering, thermal evaporation and spray pyrolysis have been applied for the production of Zn O. Spray pyrolysis technique is preferred among these techniques. It is less expensive, simpler and more versatile than all the other techniques, which allows the possibility of obtaining large area films with the required properties for different applications. In order to improve the photo catalytic efficiency of Zn O films, the particle sizes, morphologies, surface properties, and electronic structure have to be changed. This can be done by doping with some metals. In this work, Mg was doped into Zn O thin films. Zn 1x Mg x O thin films are prepared by spray pyrolysis method on glass substrates. The deposition temperature was 500 °C. Mg concentration was varied in the range of 0.0 to 0.3 in intervals of 0.05. The pure Zn O films were polycrystalline with preferred orientation (100). Zn 1x Mg x O films become amorphous with increasing Mg concentration. The grain size decreased with increasing Mg content. Also, doping with Mg has increased the surface roughness of the films. The optical band gap of Zn 1x Mg x O changes from 3.26 to 3.48 eV with increasing Mg content. The refractive index has been decreased but the extinction coefficient

Antioxidant activity, phenolic content and colour of the Slovak cabernet sauvignon wines

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Daniel Bajčan

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Antioxidants are specific substances that oxidize themselves and in this way they protect other sensitive bioactive food components against destruction. At the same time, they restrict the activity of free radicals and change them to less active forms. Grapes and wine are a significant source of antioxidants in human nutrition. One of the most important group occuring in grapes and wines are polyphenols. Many of phenolic compounds have been reported to have multiple biological activities, including cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, antiviral and antibacterial properties attributed mainly to their antioxidant and antiradical activity. Therefore, it is important to know the content of polyphenols and their antioxidant effects in foods and beverages. Twenty-eight Cabernet Sauvignon wine samples, originated from different Slovak vineyard regions, were analyzed using spectrophotometry for the content of total polyphenols, content of total anthocyanins, antioxidant activity and wine colour density. Determined values of antioxidant activity in observed wines were within the interval 69.0 - 84.2% inhibition of DPPH (average value was 78.8% inhibition of DPPH and total polyphenol content ranged from 1,218 to 3,444 mg gallic acid per liter (average content was 2,424 mg gallic acid.L-1. Determined total anthocyanin contents were from 68.6 to 430.7 mg.L-1 (average content was 220.6 mg.L-1 and values of wine colour density ranged from 0.756 to 2.782 (average value was 1.399. The statistical evaluation of the obtained results did not confirm any linear correlations between total polyphenol content, resp. total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity. The correlations between total polyphenol content and total anthocyanin content, resp. the content of total anthocyanins and wine colour density were strong. The results confirmed very strong correlations between wine colour density and total polyphenol content, resp. antioxidant

Effect of H2O on Upper Mantle Phase Transitions in MgSiO3: is the Seismic X-discontinuity an Indicator of Mantle Water Content

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

S Jacobsen; Z Liu; T Boffa Ballaran; E Littlefield; L Ehm; R Hemley

2011-12-31

The mantle X-discontinuity, usually assigned to positive seismic velocity reflectors in the 260-330 km depth range, has proved difficult to explain in terms of a single mineralogical phase transformation in part because of its depth variability. The coesite to stishovite transition of SiO{sub 2} matches deeper X-discontinuity depths but requires 5-10% free silica in the mantle to match observed impedance contrast. The orthoenstatite (OEn) to high-pressure clinoenstatite (HPCen) transformation of MgSiO{sub 3} also broadly coincides with depths of the X but requires chemically depleted and orthoenstatite-rich lithology at 300 km depth in order to match observed seismic impedance contrast. On the basis of high-pressure infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy, we show that 1300 ppm variation of H{sub 2}O content in MgSiO{sub 3} can displace the transition of low-pressure clinoenstatite (LPCen) to HPCen by up to 2 GPa, similar to previous quench experiments on the OEn to HPCen phase transition, where about 30-45 km (1.0-1.5 GPa) of deflection could occur per 0.1 wt% H{sub 2}O. If the mantle X-discontinuity results from pyroxene transitions in a depleted harzburgite layer, because of the strong influence of minor amounts of water on the transformation boundary, the depth of the mantle X-discontinuity could serve as a potentially sensitive indicator of water content in the uppermantle.

Comparative milk and serum cholesterol content in dairy cow and camel

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Bernard Faye

2015-04-01

Full Text Available In order to compare cholesterol contents in cow and camel milk in similar farming conditions, milk and blood of seven cows and seven camels maintained at normal diet at the middle of lactation were sampled at morning and evening, then after two weeks of keeping them at low protein diet. The cholesterol content in camel milk (5.64 ± 3.18 mg/100 g, SD was not significantly lower than in cow milk (8.51 ± 9.07 mg/100 g, SD. Fat contents in cow milk were higher. Cholesterol/fat ratios were similar in the two species (camel: 225 ± 125 mg/100 g fat; cow: 211 ± 142 mg/100 g fat. The serum cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in cow (227.8 ± 60.5 mg/100 ml than in camel (106.4 ± 28.9 mg/100 ml. There was a significant difference between morning and evening milking in milk fat compositions and concentrations in cholesterol. Fat levels increased in cow after two-week low energy-protein diet.

Effects of exchangeable Ca:Mg ratio on the dispersion of soils some ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The soils studied were acidic, low in nutrient level, showed high dispersion rate, high water- dispersible clay content and the textural class were loamy sand and sandy loam. The exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents of the soils dominated the exchange complex. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) ranges between 4 ...

Content and distribution of fluorine in rock, clay and water in fluorosis area Zhaotong, Yunnan Province

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Luo, K.; Li, H.; Feng, F. (and others) [Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China)

2007-04-15

About 160 samples of coal, pyritic coal balls, coal seam gangue, clay, corn, capsicum and drinking water were collected from the endemic fluorosis area of Zhenxiong and Weixin county, China to determine the fluorine content, distribution pattern and source in this fluorosis area. The study shows that the average fluorine content in the coal samples collected from 3 coal mines of the Late Permian coals in Zhenxiong and Weixin county, Zhaotong City, which are the main mining coals there, is 77.13 mg/kg. The average fluorine content coals collected form thee typical fluorosis villages in 72.56 mg/kg. Both of them are close to the world average and little low than the Chinese average. The fluorine content of drinking water is lower than 0.35 mg/L, the clay used as an additive for coal-burning and as a binfer in briquette-making by local residents has a high content of fluorine, ranging from 367-2,435 mg/kg, with the majority higher than 600 mg/kg and an average of 1,084.2 mg/kg. 29 refs., 5 tabs.

Mg-controlled formation of Mg–Ag co-clusters in initial aged Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bai, Song; Liu, Zhiyi; Zhou, Xuanwei; Xia, Peng; Zeng, Sumin

2014-01-01

Highlights: • The strongest age-hardening response was found in 0.81Mg alloy. • Quantitative APT study showed strong dependence of Mg–Ag co-clustering on Mg content. • A critical Mg content related to the greatest Mg–Ag co-clustering was revealed. • The evolution from Mg–Ag co-clusters to Ω phase was accelerated in 1.18Mg alloy. - Abstract: The effect of Mg variations on the number density, solute concentrations and sizes of Mg–Ag co-clusters at the early aging stage, as well as the age-hardening response of different Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloys, was well investigated by a combination of Vickers hardness measurement, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT). The strongest age-hardening response at 165 °C was found in 0.81Mg alloy, accompanied by the highest nucleation rate of Mg–Ag co-clusters after aging for 0.5 h. However, the least response was revealed in 0.39Mg alloy. By quantitative APT analysis, the observed trend in the total number density of Mg–Ag co-clusters suggested the following order: 0.81Mg alloy > 0.39Mg alloy > 1.18Mg alloy. This parabolic change in the total number density of Mg–Ag co-clusters with increasing Mg highlighted the existence of a critical Mg content, which contributed to the greatest nucleation kinetics of Mg–Ag co-clusters. As Mg increased from 0.39 to 0.81, the formation of small Mg–Ag co-clusters was significantly promoted, whereas the number density of large Mg–Ag co-clusters almost remained constant. Moreover, the remarkable enrichment of Cu within Mg–Ag co-clusters indicated that the accelerated evolution from Mg–Ag co-clusters to Ω phase was responsible for the lowest number density of Mg–Ag co-clusters in 1.18Mg alloy after aging at 165 °C for 0.5 h

[Sodium, potassium and calcium content in regional dishes consumed in Sonora, Mexico].

Science.gov (United States)

Grijalva Haro, M I; Valencia, M E; Wyatt, J

1990-06-01

The content of sodium, potassium and calcium was determined in 15 regional dishes, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The Na:K ratio was high in most of the dishes due to the high sodium content and low content of potassium found. The higher sources of the studied minerals were "tortilla de harina" with 1,372.8 mg/100 g of sodium; "chorizo con papas" with 466 mg/100 g of potassium, and "calabacitas con queso" with 244.1 mg/100 g of calcium. Two of the dishes considered as desserts, "capirotada" and "arroz con leche" showed the lowest Na:K ratio (0.66 and 0.81, respectively).

Total and soluble oxalate content of some Indian spices.

Science.gov (United States)

Ghosh Das, Sumana; Savage, G P

2012-06-01

Spices, such as cinnamon, cloves, cardamom, garlic, ginger, cumin, coriander and turmeric are used all over the world as flavouring and colouring ingredients in Indian foods. Previous studies have shown that spices contain variable amounts of total oxalates but there are few reports of soluble oxalate contents. In this study, the total, soluble and insoluble oxalate contents of ten different spices commonly used in Indian cuisine were measured. Total oxalate content ranged from 194 (nutmeg) to 4,014 (green cardamom) mg/100 g DM, while the soluble oxalate contents ranged from 41 (nutmeg) to 3,977 (green cardamom) mg/100 g DM. Overall, the percentage of soluble oxalate content of the spices ranged from 4.7 to 99.1% of the total oxalate content which suggests that some spices present no risk to people liable to kidney stone formation, while other spices can supply significant amounts of soluble oxalates and therefore should be used in moderation.

The electrochemical properties and mechanism of formation of anodic oxide films on Mg-Al alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Seong Jong; Okido, Masazumi [Nagoya Univ., Nagoya (Japan)

2003-07-01

The electronchemical properties and the mechanism of formation of anodic oxide films on Mg alloys containing 0-15 mass% Al, when anodized in NaOH solution, were investigated by focusing on the effects of anodizing potential, Al content, and anodizing time. The intensity ratio of Mg(OH){sub 2} in the XRD analysis decreased with increasing applied potential, while that of MgO increased. Mg(OH){sub 2} was barely detected at 80 V, while MgO was readily detected. The anti-corrosion properties of anodized specimens at each constant potential were better than those of non-anodized specimens. The specimen anodized at an applied potential of 3 V had the best anti-corrosion property. The intensity ratio of the {beta} phase increased with aluminum content in Mg-Al alloys. During anodizing, the active dissolution reaction occurred preferentially in {beta} phase until about 4 min, and then the current density increased gradually until 7 min. The dissolution reaction progressed in {alpha} phase, which had a lower Al content. In the anodic polarization test in 0.017 mol{center_dot}dm{sup -3} NaCl and 0.1 mol{center_dot}dm{sup -3} Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4} at 298 K, the current density of Mg-15 mass% Al alloy anodized for 10 min increased, since the anodic film that forms on the {alpha} phase is a non-compacted film. The anodic film on the {alpha} phase at 30 min was a compact film as compared with that at 10 min.

Effects of Basicity and MgO in Slag on the Behaviors of Smelting Vanadium Titanomagnetite in the Direct Reduction-Electric Furnace Process

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Tao Jiang

2016-05-01

Full Text Available The effects of basicity and MgO content on reduction behavior and separation of iron and slag during smelting vanadium titanomagnetite by electric furnace were investigated. The reduction behaviors affect the separation of iron and slag in the direct reduction-electric furnace process. The recovery rates of Fe, V, and Ti grades in iron were analyzed to determine the effects of basicity and MgO content on the reduction of iron oxides, vanadium oxides, and titanium oxides. The chemical compositions of vanadium-bearing iron and main phases of titanium slag were detected by XRF and XRD, respectively. The results show that the higher level of basicity is beneficial to the reduction ofiron oxides and vanadium oxides, and titanium content dropped in molten iron with the increasing basicity. As the content of MgO increased, the recovery rate of Fe increased slightly but the recovery rate of V increased considerably. The grades of Ti in molten iron were at a low level without significant change when MgO content was below 11%, but increased as MgO content increased to 12.75%. The optimum conditions for smelting vanadium titanomagnetite were about 11.38% content of MgO and quaternary basicity was about 1.10. The product, vanadium-bearing iron, can be applied in the converter steelmaking process, and titanium slag containing 50.34% TiO2 can be used by the acid leaching method.

Modelling M/G/1 queueing systems with server vacations using ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Simple numerical examples are also provided to illustrate the func- ... M/G/1/N queueing systems with server vacations under a limited service discipline ...... system contents in a discrete-time non-preemptive priority queue with general service.

Multiple phases of mg-calcite in crustose coralline algae suggest caution for temperature proxy and ocean acidification assessment: lessons from the ultrastructure and biomineralization in Phymatolithon (Rhodophyta, Corallinales)1.

Science.gov (United States)

Nash, Merinda C; Adey, Walter

2017-10-01

Magnesium content, strongly correlated with temperature, has been developed as a climate archive for the late Holocene without considering anatomical controls on Mg content. In this paper, we explore the ultrastructure and cellular scale Mg-content variations within four species of North Atlantic crust-forming Phymatolithon. The cell wall has radial grains of Mg-calcite, whereas the interfilament (middle lamella) has grains aligned parallel to the filament axis. The proportion of interfilament and cell wall carbonate varies by tissue and species. Three distinct primary phases of Mg-calcite were identified: interfilament Mg-calcite (mean 8.9 mol% MgCO 3 ), perithallial cell walls Mg-calcite (mean 13.4 mol% MgCO 3 ), and hypothallium Mg-calcite (mean 17.1 mol% MgCO 3 ). Magnesium content for the bulk crust, an average of all phases present, showed a strongly correlated (R 2  = 0.975) increase of 0.31 mol% MgCO 3 per °C. Of concern for climate reconstructions is the potential for false warming signals from undetected postgrazing wound repair carbonate that is substantially enriched in Mg, unrelated to temperature. Within a single crust, Mg-content of component carbonates ranged from 8 to 20 mol% MgCO 3 , representing theoretical thermodynamic stabilities from aragonite-equivalent to unstable higher-Mg-calcite. It is unlikely that existing current predictions of ocean acidification impact on coralline algae, based on saturation states calculated using average Mg contents, provide an environmentally relevant estimate. © 2017 Phycological Society of America.

Estimation of content of anti-TB drugs supplied at centres of the Revised National TB Control Programme in Tamil Nadu, India.

Science.gov (United States)

Ramachandran, Geetha; Chandrasekaran, Vedachalam; Hemanth Kumar, Agibothu Kupparam; Dewan, Puneet; Swaminathan, Soumya; Thomas, Aleyamma

2013-09-01

To determine the content of certain antituberculosis (TB) drugs supplied at TB treatment centres of the Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Eight districts across the state were selected, and the following drugs were collected from five settings (District TB centre, TB unit, designated microscopy centres, DOT providers) in each district: rifampicin (150 and 450 mg), isoniazid (300 mg), pyrazinamide (500 and 750 mg), ethambutol (400 and 600 mg), ethionamide (250 mg), levofloxacin (500 mg) and cycloserine (250 mg). A maximum of 10 tablets/capsules were collected from each setting. The drugs were coded prior to analysis. All drugs were assayed by validated spectrophotometric methods. The acceptable limits for drug content were taken as 90-110% of the stated content. More than 90% of tablets of rifampicin 450 mg, isoniazid 300 mg, pyrazinamide 500 and 750 mg, ethambutol 400 and 600 mg and ethionamide 250 mg were within acceptable limits. Eighty per cent of rifampicin 150 mg, 21% of cycloserine 250 mg and 87% of levofloxacin 500 mg were within acceptable limits. The mean cycloserine content was below the acceptable limit in all districts, the mean drug content being 200 mg (range: 108-245 mg). This systematic study showed that the stated drug content of cycloserine was not reached in all districts. Deterioration of cycloserine could be minimised by storing the drug in refrigerators. The geographical location of the districts had no influence on the drug content. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

A study of relationship of element contents in human hair with some respiratory system diseases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hou Xiaolin; Wu Lanlan; Yuan Ling; Huang Liyun; Jia Zhanxiang; Chen Yang

1994-01-01

19 elements, such as Ca, Mg, Fe, Se, Cu, Zn, etc., in hair of 65 patients with chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema and cor-pulmonale diseases and 65 healthy people have been investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The results show that the contents of Ca and Mg are lower and Fe, As and Co are higher in the hair of patients than in healthy persons. The contents of Ca and Mg are lower and Fe is higher in the hair of patients during attack periods of chronic bronchitis than in relaxed periods. The differences are significant (P<0.05-0.01). The content of Ca is closely related to that of Mg in hair (P<0.01). The contents of inorganic elements in the Chinese medicine cough and asthma capsule used to treat chronic bronchitis have been determined. The results show that the contents of elements Ca, Mg, Sr, etc., are higher in this medicine than the average amounts of these elements in 120 other Chinese medicines. (author) 15 refs.; 8 tabs

MgNiO-based metal-semiconductor- metal ultraviolet photodetector

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhao Yanmin; Zhang Jiying; Jiang Dayong; Shan Chongxin; Zhang Zhenzhong; Yao Bin; Zhao Dongxu; Shen Dezhen, E-mail: zhangjy53@yahoo.com.c [Key Laboratory of Excited State Processes, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033 (China)

2009-05-07

In this study, we report the growth of Mg{sub x}Ni{sub 1-x}O thin films on quartz substrates by electron beam evaporation. The absorption edge shows a blue shift from 340 nm to 260 nm with increase in the Mg content from 0.2 to 0.8. A metal-semiconductor-metal structured photodetector is fabricated from the Mg{sub 0.2}Ni{sub 0.8}O film. At a bias of 5 V, the dark current of the photodetector is about 70 nA. The maximum responsivity is about 147.3 {mu}A W{sup -1} at 320 nm. In addition, the ultraviolet (UV) (320 nm) to visible (400 nm) rejection ratio is nearly two orders of magnitude. Based on these results, it is proposed that Mg{sub x}Ni{sub 1-x}O is a potential candidate for application in UV photodetectors. (fast track communication)

Live microbial cells adsorb Mg2+ more effectively than lifeless organic matter

Science.gov (United States)

Qiu, Xuan; Yao, Yanchen; Wang, Hongmei; Duan, Yong

2018-03-01

The Mg2+ content is essential in determining different Mg-CaCO3 minerals. It has been demonstrated that both microbes and the organic matter secreted by microbes are capable of allocating Mg2+ and Ca2+ during the formation of Mg-CaCO3, yet detailed scenarios remain unclear. To investigate the mechanism that microbes and microbial organic matter potentially use to mediate the allocation of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in inoculating systems, microbial mats and four marine bacterial strains ( Synechococcus elongatus, Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp., and Desulfovibrio vulgaris) were incubated in artificial seawater media with Mg/Ca ratios ranging from 0.5 to 10.0. At the end of the incubation, the morphology of the microbial mats and the elements adsorbed on them were analyzed using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and energy diffraction spectra (EDS), respectively. The content of Mg2+ and Ca2+ adsorbed by the extracellular polysaccharide substances (EPS) and cells of the bacterial strains were analyzed with atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS). The functional groups on the surface of the cells and EPS of S. elongatus were estimated using automatic potentiometric titration combined with a chemical equilibrium model. The results show that live microbial mats generally adsorb larger amounts of Mg2+ than Ca2+, while this rarely is the case for autoclaved microbial mats. A similar phenomenon was also observed for the bacterial strains. The living cells adsorb more Mg2+ than Ca2+, yet a reversed trend was observed for EPS. The functional group analysis indicates that the cell surface of S. elongatus contains more basic functional groups (87.24%), while the EPS has more acidic and neutral functional groups (83.08%). These features may be responsible for the different adsorption behavior of Mg2+ and Ca2+ by microbial cells and EPS. Our work confirms the differential Mg2+ and Ca2+ mediation by microbial cells and EPS, which may provide insight into the processes that microbes use to

Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles in d + Au and p + p collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV

Science.gov (United States)

Nouicer, Rachid; the PHOBOS Collaboration; Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D.; Ballintijn, M.; Barton, D. S.; Becker, B.; Betts, R. R.; Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Busza, W.; Carroll, A.; Decowski, M. P.; García, E.; Gburek, T.; George, N.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gushue, S.; Halliwell, C.; Hamblen, J.; Harrington, A. S.; Henderson, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Hołyński, R.; Holzman, B.; Iordanova, A.; Johnson, E.; Kane, J. L.; Khan, N.; Kulinich, P.; Kuo, C. M.; Lee, J. W.; Lin, W. T.; Manly, S.; Mignerey, A. C.; Olszewski, A.; Pak, R.; Park, I. C.; Pernegger, H.; Reed, C.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Sagerer, J.; Sarin, P.; Sedykh, I.; Skulski, W.; Smith, C. E.; Steinberg, P.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Sukhanov, A.; Tonjes, M. B.; Trzupek, A.; Vale, C.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.; Verdier, R.; Veres, G. I.; Wolfs, F. L. H.; Wosiek, B.; Wozniak, K.; Wysłouch, B.; Zhang, J.

2004-08-01

The measured pseudorapidity distributions of primary charged particles are presented for d+Au and p+p collisions at {\\sqrt{sNN} = {200 GeV} } over a wide pseudorapidity range of |η|<= 5.4. The results for d+Au collisions are presented for minimum-bias events and as a function of collision centrality. The measurements for p+p collisions are shown for minimum-bias events. The ratio of the charged particle multiplicity in d+Au and p+A collisions relative to that for inelastic p+p collisions is found to depend only on langNpartrang, and it is remarkably independent of collision energy and system mass. The deuteron and gold fragmentation regions in d+Au collisions are in good agreement with proton nucleus data at lower energies.

Semiconducting p-type MgNiO:Li epitaxial films fabricated by cosputtering method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kwon, Yong Hun; Chun, Sung Hyun; Cho, Hyung Koun [School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746 (Korea, Republic of)

2013-07-15

Li-doped ternary Mg{sub x}Ni{sub 1-x}O thin films were deposited on (0001) Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} substrates by a radio frequency (RF) magnetron cosputtering method with MgO and NiO:Li targets. The Mg mole fraction and Li content were relatively controlled by changing RF power for the MgO target over a range of 0-300 W, while the NiO:Li target was kept at 150 W. As a result, all films were epitaxially grown on (0001) Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} substrates with the relationship of [110]{sub NiO}||[1110]{sub Al2O3}, [112]{sub NiO}||[2110]{sub Al2O3} (in-plane), and [111]{sub NiO}||[0001]{sub Al2O3} (out-of-plane), and showed p-type semiconducting properties. Furthermore, from x-ray diffraction patterns, the authors found that MgO was effectively mixed with NiO:Li without structural deformation due to low lattice mismatch (0.8%) between NiO and MgO. However, the excess Li contents degraded the crystallinity of the MgNiO films. The band-gap of films was continuously shifted from 3.66 eV (339 nm) to 4.15 eV (299 nm) by the RF power of the MgO target. A visible transmittance of more than 80% was exhibited at RF powers higher than 200 W. Ultimately, the electrical resistivity of p-type MgNiO films was improved from 7.5 to 673.5 {Omega}cm, indicating that the Li-doped MgNiO films are good candidates for transparent p-type semiconductors.

Ultraviolet electroluminescence from Au/MgO/MgxZn1−xO heterojunction diodes and the observation of Zn-rich cluster emission

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, C.Y.; Xu, H.Y.; Sun, Y.; Zhang, C.; Ma, J.G.; Liu, Y.C.

2014-01-01

In this work, ultraviolet (UV) electroluminescence (EL) is achieved from Au/MgO/Mg x Zn 1−x O heterojunction diodes. The EL mechanism and laser forming process are discussed based on the energy band diagram, impact-ionization process and disordered optical structure. For ZnO and low Mg-content MgZnO devices, their EL spectra show single near-band-edge (NBE) emission. While in high Mg-content MgZnO devices, the emission from self-formed Zn-rich MgZnO clusters is observed and also contribute to the UV EL band. These Zn-rich clusters can act as thermally-stable luminescence centers, suggesting a promising route for developing MgZnO-based UV light-emitting devices. -- Highlights: • A series of Au/MgO/Mg x Zn 1−x O heterojunction diodes with multiple Mg compositions are fabricated and ultraviolet electroluminescence is achieved. • EL mechanism and laser forming process are discussed based on energy band diagram, impact-ionization process and disordered optical structure. • The transition from spontaneous to stimulated emission is observed in these heterojunctions, and the lasing mode is random laser. • In high Mg-content MgZnO devices, the emission from self-formed Zn-rich clusters is observed, which are thermally stable luminescence centers

Fabrication of biodegradable Zn-Al-Mg alloy: Mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities.

Science.gov (United States)

Bakhsheshi-Rad, H R; Hamzah, E; Low, H T; Kasiri-Asgarani, M; Farahany, S; Akbari, E; Cho, M H

2017-04-01

In this work, binary Zn-0.5Al and ternary Zn-0.5Al-xMg alloys with various Mg contents were investigated as biodegradable materials for implant applications. Compared with Zn-0.5Al (single phase), Zn-0.5Al-xMg alloys consisted of the α-Zn and Mg 2 (Zn, Al) 11 with a fine lamellar structure. The results also revealed that ternary Zn-Al-Mg alloys presented higher micro-hardness value, tensile strength and corrosion resistance compared to the binary Zn-Al alloy. In addition, the tensile strength and corrosion resistance increased with increasing the Mg content in ternary alloys. The immersion tests also indicated that the corrosion rates in the following order Zn-0.5Al-0.5MgAl-0.3MgAl-0.1MgAl. The cytotoxicity tests exhibited that the Zn-0.5Al-0.5Mg alloy presents higher viability of MC3T3-E1 cell compared to the Zn-0.5Al alloy, which suggested good biocompatibility. The antibacterial activity result of both Zn-0.5Al and Zn-0.5Al-Mg alloys against Escherichia coli presented some antibacterial activity, while the Zn-0.5Al-0.5Mg significantly prohibited the growth of Escherichia coli. Thus, Zn-0.5Al-0.5Mg alloy with appropriate mechanical properties, low corrosion rate, good biocompatibility and antibacterial activities was believed to be a good candidate as a biodegradable implant material. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Influence of Heat Treatments on Carotenoid Content of Cherry Tomatoes

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Laura D'Evoli

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Tomatoes and tomato products are rich sources of carotenoids—principally lycopene, followed by β-carotene and lutein. The aim of this work was to study the effect of heat treatment on carotenoid content in cherry tomatoes. Raw and canned products were sampled and analysed; furthermore whole, skin and pulp fractions of cherry tomatoes were analysed when raw and home-processed, in order to better understand heat treatment effects. Lycopene content in canned tomatoes was two-fold higher than in raw tomatoes (11.60 mg/100 g versus 5.12 mg/100 g. Lutein and β-carotene were respectively 0.15 mg/100 g and 0.75 mg/100 g in canned tomatoes versus 0.11 mg/100 g and 1.00 mg/100 g in raw tomatoes. For home-processed tomatoes, β-carotene and lutein showed a content decrease in all thermally treated products. This decrease was more evident for β-carotene in the skin fraction (−17%, while for lutein it was greater in the pulp fraction (−25%. Lycopene presented a different pattern: after heat treatment its concentration increased both in the whole and in pulp fractions, while in the skin fraction it decreased dramatically (−36%. The analysis of the isomers formed during the thermal treatment suggests that lycopene is rather stable inside the tomato matrix.

Influence of Heat Treatments on Carotenoid Content of Cherry Tomatoes.

Science.gov (United States)

D'Evoli, Laura; Lombardi-Boccia, Ginevra; Lucarini, Massimo

2013-07-31

Tomatoes and tomato products are rich sources of carotenoids-principally lycopene, followed by β-carotene and lutein. The aim of this work was to study the effect of heat treatment on carotenoid content in cherry tomatoes. Raw and canned products were sampled and analysed; furthermore whole, skin and pulp fractions of cherry tomatoes were analysed when raw and home-processed, in order to better understand heat treatment effects. Lycopene content in canned tomatoes was two-fold higher than in raw tomatoes (11.60 mg/100 g versus 5.12 mg/100 g). Lutein and β-carotene were respectively 0.15 mg/100 g and 0.75 mg/100 g in canned tomatoes versus 0.11 mg/100 g and 1.00 mg/100 g in raw tomatoes. For home-processed tomatoes, β-carotene and lutein showed a content decrease in all thermally treated products. This decrease was more evident for β-carotene in the skin fraction (-17%), while for lutein it was greater in the pulp fraction (-25%). Lycopene presented a different pattern: after heat treatment its concentration increased both in the whole and in pulp fractions, while in the skin fraction it decreased dramatically (-36%). The analysis of the isomers formed during the thermal treatment suggests that lycopene is rather stable inside the tomato matrix.

Formation of MgZnO alloy under thermodynamic conditions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Markevich, I.V.; Stara, T.R., E-mail: stara_t@ukr.net; Kuchuk, A.V.; Polishchuk, Yu.O.; Kladko, V.P.

2014-11-15

Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1−x}O ceramics with x=0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 were sintered at T{sub s}=700–1250 °C. Photoluminescence (PL) and PL excitation (PLE) spectra as well as X-ray diffraction patterns were measured at 293 K. Bandgap width was evaluated from the position of PLE peak. Non-monotonous dependence of PLE peak position on T{sub s} was observed for all used x. This effect was concluded to be caused by the formation of cubic phase side by side with hexagonal one and the enhancement of this process with increasing T{sub s}, which resulted in the decrease of Mg content in the hexagonal phase at T{sub s}>1000 °C. Temperature range of 1000–1050 °C was found to be the optimum one for the formation of hexagonal MgZnO alloy at used x. It was shown that x=0.20 was the solubility limit of MgO in hexagonal Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1−x}O ceramics.

Ficus deltoidea Standardization: Analytical Methods for Bioactive Markers in Deltozide Tablet 200 MG

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hazlina Ahmad Hassali; Zainah Adam; Rosniza Razali

2016-01-01

Standardization of herbal materials based on their chemical and biological profile is an important prerequisite for development of herbal product. The phyto pharmaceutical product that has been developed by Medical Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency is DELTOZIDE TABLET 200 MG containing 200 mg of spray-dried aqueous extract of Ficus deltoidea var kunstleri leaf as the active ingredient. Ficus deltoidea Jack or locally known as Mas Cotek is a South East Asian native plant traditionally used to treat several diseases. Pharmacological data showed that this plant exhibited good antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is important to establish the chemical profiles and determine the phytochemicals content of this plant as it is popularly used in traditional medicines. Thus, the present study reports on the comprehensive phytochemicals evaluation of bioactive markers from this extract for the development of DELTOZIDE TABLET 200 MG . Characterization of extract using LCMS/ MS Triple TOF System showed the presence of major constituents representing vitexin, isovitexin, gallic acid, catechinic, api genin, epicatechin and caffeoylquinic acid along with other minor constituents. The extract was standardized by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) using two pharmacologically active markers, vitexin and isovitexin. Furthermore, qualitative determination of phytochemicals showed the presence of important phyto-constituents namely anthraquinones, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, phlobatannins, alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, steroids and phenols in the aqueous extract of Ficus deltoidea. Quantitative determination of phytochemicals revealed that the amount of total phenolic content (TPC; Gallic acid as standard) and total flavonoid content (TFC; Quercetin as standard) were 126.67±3.98 mg GAE/ g extract and 9.08±0.36 mg QE/ g extract respectively. The generated data provides some explanation for its wide usage in

Comparative Analysis of Phenolic Content and Anti oxidative Activities of Eight Malaysian Traditional Vegetables

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nur Huda-Faujan; Zulaikha Abdul Rahim; Maryam Mohamed Rehan; Faujan Ahmad

2015-01-01

Vegetables have been believed to exhibit antioxidant activities due to its phenolic content. Thus, this study was carried out to determine the total phenolic content of water and ethanolic extracts of Malaysian traditional vegetables and assess their antioxidant activities. Eight samples of Malaysian traditional vegetables were dried and extracted its phenolic compounds using water and ethanolic solvent. Total phenolic content of the extracts were compared and evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu and Prussian Blue reagent. The antioxidant activity were assessed using ferric thiocyanate assay and DPPH free radical scavenging assays. Results found that total phenolic content of water extracts ranged from 7.08 to 14.76 mg GAE (Folin-Ciocalteu assay) and 3.50 to 7.82 mg GAE (Prussian Blue assay). However, the content of phenolic of ethanolic extracts ranged from 5.21 to 15.86 mg GAE (Folin-Ciocalteu assay), and 1.84 to 11.54 mg GAE (Prussian Blue assay). The highest antioxidant activity was observed in water extracts of Etlingera elatior (75.6 %) and ethanolic extracts of Sauropus androgynus (78.1 %). Results also found that the best half maximal inhibitory concentration or IC 50 were demonstrated by water and ethanolic extracts of Sauropus androgynus which demonstrated 0.077 mg/mL and 0.078 mg/ mL, respectively. Hence, this study obtained that most of the Malaysian traditional vegetables have a potential source of natural antioxidant. (author)

Magnesium content in jaws and teeth of rats with experimental caries

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Djulgerova, E.; Bakyrdshiev, P. (Meditsinska Akademiya, Sofia (Bulgaria)); Kuleff, I. (Sofia Univ. (Bulgaria). Khimicheski Fakultet); Apostolov, D. (Bylgarska Akademiya na Naukite, Sofia. Inst. za Yadrena Izsledvaniya i Yadrena Energetika)

1983-09-26

The content of Mg is determined in the teeth and maxillary bones of rats by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The rats are fed with carbohydrate diet to which MgCl/sub 2/, NaF and methylene blue are added. An opposite influence of F ions and methylene blue on magnesium content in bones and teeth is found, while both additives reduce the caries.

Selective antibacterial effects of mixed ZnMgO nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vidic, Jasmina; Stankic, Slavica; Haque, Francia; Ciric, Danica; Le Goffic, Ronan; Vidy, Aurore; Jupille, Jacques; Delmas, Bernard

2013-01-01

Antibiotic resistance has impelled the research for new agents that can inhibit bacterial growth without showing cytotoxic effects on humans and other species. We describe the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of nanostructured ZnMgO whose antibacterial activity was compared to its pure nano-ZnO and nano-MgO counterparts. Among the three oxides, ZnO nanocrystals—with the length of tetrapod legs about 100 nm and the diameter about 10 nm—were found to be the most effective antibacterial agents since both Gram-positive (B. subtilis) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria were completely eradicated at concentration of 1 mg/mL. MgO nanocubes (the mean cube size ∼50 nm) only partially inhibited bacterial growth, whereas ZnMgO nanoparticles (sizes corresponding to pure particles) revealed high specific antibacterial activity to Gram-positive bacteria at this concentration. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that B. subtilis cells were damaged after contact with nano-ZnMgO, causing cell contents to leak out. Our preliminary toxicological study pointed out that nano-ZnO is toxic when applied to human HeLa cells, while nano-MgO and the mixed oxide did not induce any cell damage. Overall, our results suggested that nanostructured ZnMgO, may reconcile efficient antibacterial efficiency while being a safe new therapeutic for bacterial infections.

Selective antibacterial effects of mixed ZnMgO nanoparticles

Science.gov (United States)

Vidic, Jasmina; Stankic, Slavica; Haque, Francia; Ciric, Danica; Le Goffic, Ronan; Vidy, Aurore; Jupille, Jacques; Delmas, Bernard

2013-05-01

Antibiotic resistance has impelled the research for new agents that can inhibit bacterial growth without showing cytotoxic effects on humans and other species. We describe the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of nanostructured ZnMgO whose antibacterial activity was compared to its pure nano-ZnO and nano-MgO counterparts. Among the three oxides, ZnO nanocrystals—with the length of tetrapod legs about 100 nm and the diameter about 10 nm—were found to be the most effective antibacterial agents since both Gram-positive ( B. subtilis) and Gram-negative ( E. coli) bacteria were completely eradicated at concentration of 1 mg/mL. MgO nanocubes (the mean cube size 50 nm) only partially inhibited bacterial growth, whereas ZnMgO nanoparticles (sizes corresponding to pure particles) revealed high specific antibacterial activity to Gram-positive bacteria at this concentration. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that B. subtilis cells were damaged after contact with nano-ZnMgO, causing cell contents to leak out. Our preliminary toxicological study pointed out that nano-ZnO is toxic when applied to human HeLa cells, while nano-MgO and the mixed oxide did not induce any cell damage. Overall, our results suggested that nanostructured ZnMgO, may reconcile efficient antibacterial efficiency while being a safe new therapeutic for bacterial infections.

Selective antibacterial effects of mixed ZnMgO nanoparticles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vidic, Jasmina, E-mail: jasmina.vidic@jouy.inra.fr [VIM, Institut de la Recherche Agronomique (France); Stankic, Slavica, E-mail: slavica.stankic@insp.jussieu.fr; Haque, Francia [CNRS, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, UMR 7588 (France); Ciric, Danica; Le Goffic, Ronan; Vidy, Aurore [VIM, Institut de la Recherche Agronomique (France); Jupille, Jacques [CNRS, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, UMR 7588 (France); Delmas, Bernard [VIM, Institut de la Recherche Agronomique (France)

2013-05-15

Antibiotic resistance has impelled the research for new agents that can inhibit bacterial growth without showing cytotoxic effects on humans and other species. We describe the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of nanostructured ZnMgO whose antibacterial activity was compared to its pure nano-ZnO and nano-MgO counterparts. Among the three oxides, ZnO nanocrystals-with the length of tetrapod legs about 100 nm and the diameter about 10 nm-were found to be the most effective antibacterial agents since both Gram-positive (B. subtilis) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria were completely eradicated at concentration of 1 mg/mL. MgO nanocubes (the mean cube size {approx}50 nm) only partially inhibited bacterial growth, whereas ZnMgO nanoparticles (sizes corresponding to pure particles) revealed high specific antibacterial activity to Gram-positive bacteria at this concentration. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that B. subtilis cells were damaged after contact with nano-ZnMgO, causing cell contents to leak out. Our preliminary toxicological study pointed out that nano-ZnO is toxic when applied to human HeLa cells, while nano-MgO and the mixed oxide did not induce any cell damage. Overall, our results suggested that nanostructured ZnMgO, may reconcile efficient antibacterial efficiency while being a safe new therapeutic for bacterial infections.

Enhanced mechanical properties of an Al–Si–Cu–Mg alloy at 300 °C: Effects of Mg and the Q-precipitate phase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Farkoosh, A.R.; Pekguleryuz, M.

2015-01-01

Strategies to improve the strength of Al–Si alloys at elevated temperatures can follow two routes: (i) improving the age-hardening behavior and/or (ii) producing effective dispersoid strengthening. In this study, the influence of Mg (in the range of 0.3–0.7 wt%) on the precipitation characteristics and mechanical properties of the Al–7Si–0.5Cu–(Mg) alloy was investigated. Thermodynamic calculations were performed via the CALPHAD method which showed that Q-Al 5 Mg 8 Cu 2 Si 6 is the main thermodynamically stable precipitate at 300 °C. The calculations were validated by transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. Increasing the Mg level from 0.3 wt% to the maximum solubility limit of ∼0.5 wt% increased the amount of the Q-Al 5 Mg 8 Cu 2 Si 6 precipitates at 300 °C by ∼60 wt% and significantly improved the tensile strength and creep resistance at the expense of some ductility. Mg in excess of the solubility limit was seen to remain within the microstructure in the form of the large π-Al 8 FeMg 3 Si 6 and β-Mg 2 Si intermetallics after solution treatment at 530 °C. Cracking of the brittle π-Al 8 FeMg 3 Si 6 intermetallics during deformation was accounted for the decreased ductility of the alloys at high Mg levels. It is concluded that the Mg level can be increased to 0.5 wt% in the A–7Si–0.5Cu alloys to improve strength. However, for elevated temperature applications in which both strength and ductility are required (e.g. Diesel engine), modification of the π-Al 8 FeMg 3 Si 6 intermetallics would be required to improve the ductility of the alloys with high Mg contents

Effect of organic matrices on the determination of the trace element chemistry (Mg, Sr, Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca) of aragonitic bivalve shells (Arctica islandica). Comparison of ICP-OES and LA-ICP-MS data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schoene, Bernd R.; Zhang, Zengjie; Jacob, Dorrit; Soldate, Analia; Gillikin, David P.; Tuetken, Thomas; Garbe-Shoenberg, Dieter; McConnaughey, Ted

2010-01-01

The element chemistry of biogenic carbonates can provide important data on past environments. However, the Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios as well as the Mg and Sr concentrations of biological carbonates, especially aragonitic bivalves often depart from apparent thermodynamic equilibrium. When measured in situ by means of LA-ICP-MS, the Mg concentration is often substantially enriched (two- to threefold) near the organic-rich, annual growth lines. To test the hypothesis that some organic components exert a major influence on the skeletal metal content, the element chemistry of different shell components (insoluble organic matrix, IOM; dissolved CaCO 3 and soluble organics, SOM) of Arctica islandica was measured by means of ICP-OES and LA-ICP-MS. The ICP-OES data indicate that the IOM is strongly enriched in Mg (130 ppm) and depleted in Sr and Ca (10 ppm and 0.22 wt%, respectively) when compared to the whole biomineral (Mg: 68 to 99 ppm, Sr: 860 to 1,060 ppm, Ca: ∼35.72 wt%). Although the average relative abundance of the IOM barely exceeds 0.46 wt%, its chemical composition in combination with its heterogeneous distribution across the shell can significantly increase estimates of the Mg concentration if measured in situ by LA-ICP-MS. Depending on the distribution of the IOM, the Ca concentration may be significantly lower locally than the average Ca concentration of the whole shell (35.72 wt%). If this remains undetected, the Mg concentration of shell portions with higher than average IOM content is overestimated by LA-ICP-MS and, conversely, the Mg concentration is underestimated in shell portions with lower than average IOM content. Removal of the IOM prior to the chemical analysis by LA-ICP-MS or mathematical correction for the IOM-derived magnesium concentrations is therefore strongly advised. The different chemistry of the IOM may also exert a major control on the trace element to calcium ratios. Shell portions enriched in IOM will show up to 200 times higher Mg

Phthalocyanine doping to improve critical current densities in MgB2 tapes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Xianping; Ma Yanwei; Wang Dongliang; Gao Zhaoshun; Wang Lei; Qi Yanpeng; Awaji, Satoshi; Watanabe, Kazuo; Mossang, Eric

2009-01-01

Phthalocyanine-doped MgB 2 tapes were prepared by the in situ powder-in-tube method. The relationships between the critical current properties, crystallinity and microstructure were studied as a function of the phthalocyanine doping level. It is found that both H irr and H c2 were improved when MgB 2 samples were doped with phthalocyanine, which are mainly attributed to the effective carbon substitution and enhanced flux pinning strength caused by very fine grain sizes. Furthermore, compared to pure samples, the MgO content remained almost unchanged in all doped tapes, which is very beneficial to having better grain connectivity in MgB 2 . Significantly improved J c was obtained in the phthalocyanine-doped MgB 2 tapes, especially under high magnetic fields.

Effect of Mg contents on the mechanical proprieties and precipitation kinetics in Al–3.3 wt.% Cu alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Messaoud Fatmi

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The effect of additional Mg on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and transformation kinetics during aging in Al–3.3 wt.% Cu alloy was studied. The compositions and microstructure were examined by X-ray diffraction, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC and scanning electron microscope (SEM with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS. The results show that the Mg in the Al–Cu alloy mainly precipitated to the grain boundaries during the process of transformation and formed a ternary Al2CuMg metallic compound and the rate of discontinuous precipitation reaction decreases with increasing concentration of Mg. The activation energy of crystallization was evaluated by applying the Kissinger equation.

Raman and NMR study in MgO-doped LiNbO3 crystal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hu, L.J.; Chang, Y.H.; Chang, C.S.; Yang, S.J.; Hu, M.L.; Tse, W.S.

1991-01-01

This paper reports on the MgO-doped LiNbO 3 crystal grown and studied by NMR and Raman techniques. The solubility of MgO in the LiNbO 3 crystal is as much as 30 mole %. It is shown in NMR spectra that the number of Nb 5+ cations at A-site (Li-site) decrease as Mg concentration increased when the Mg content is lower than 5 mole %. The vibration of (NbO 6 ) octahedron and translations involving Li + and Mg 2+ cations motion can be identified by replacing Nb 5+ and Li + cations with Ta 5+ and Mg 2+ cations through Raman spectra. The 115 cm -1 and 151 cm -1 peaks are due to the translational modes of Mg 2+ and Li + cations. The doping mechanisms of MgO are proposed

Effect of soil type and forage crops on manganese content in roughage

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jakšić Snežana

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to examine the effects of soil type and forage crops on the content of manganese (Mn in roughages, and forage quality regarding Mn content. The trial was carried out on chernozem and humogley under alfalfa and red clover. Samples for determination of Mn content in plant and total Mn content in soil were digested using the apparatus Milestone Ethos 1 and for Mn determination on ICP-OES Vista Pro-Axial Varian. Average total Mn content in soil of the tested sites was 473.1 mg/kg. Total Mn content in chernozem was higher than in humogley. Average Mn content in forage crops was 28.7 mg/kg. Dry matter Mn content was lower in crops grown on humogley. Mn content was significantly higher in red clover. Significant positive correlation was found between total Mn content in soil and Mn content in crops. Mn concentration in crops was below critical and toxic value.

Determination of aluminium, silicon and magnesium content in water samples by nuclear physical methods using XRFA and the MT-25 microtron

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maslov, O.D.; Gustova, M.V.; Belov, A.G.; Drobina, T.P.

2011-01-01

Some of element contents in the samples have been determined by nuclear physical methods (XRFA, GAA and NAA). The possibility of determining Al, Si and Mg content in water samples has been studied. The detection limits of 0.03 mg/1 for Al, 0.3 mg/1 for Si and 0.1 mg/1 for Mg in water samples have been obtained. Monitoring of the aluminium and silicon content in water is important because the high concentration of aluminium or the low content of silicon in drinking water may be risk factors for Alzheimer's disease

Material for the storage of Mg-Ni-Based hydrogen produced by mechanical alloying; Materiales para almacenamiento de hidrogeno base Mg-Ni producidas por aleado mecanico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zaldivar-Cadena, A. A. [Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon (Mexico); Leon Santiago, M.; Suarez Alcantara, K.; Morales-Hernandez, J.; Cabanas Moreno, J. G. [Instituto Politecnico Nacional, UPALM, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)]. E-mail: gcabanas@esfm.ipn.mx

2009-09-15

Combinations of Mg-5%Ni and Mg-20%Ni were prepared with mechanical alloying and evaluated for application as materials to store hydrogen. The effect of the dispersion of nickel in magnesium was studied using grinding times of 15 and 30 hours. Hydration experiments, including batch hydration tests, were performed at 200, 250 and 300 degrees Celsius at 2 Mpa during 30 minutes. Characterization techniques such as SEM-EDX and XRD were used to characterize the microstructure and composition of the powders. The hydrogen absorption-desorption characteristics of the alloys were evaluated using thermal analysis techniques such as DTA-TGA. Batch type preliminary experiments resulted in a variation in the quantities of MgH{sub 2} in the hydrate powders, depending on the hydrate composition and conditions. Gravimetry experiments with Mg-5%Ni powder combinations indicated hydrogen contents of approximately 5.59% - 6.12% in weight, showing rapid hydration kinetics at temperatures under 250 degrees Celsius; although the dehydration process occurred reasonably quickly only at temperatures between 250 and 300 degrees Celsius. The hydration/dehydration behavior is influenced by the tendency of forming Mg{sub 2}Ni in mechanically alloyed powders. This tendency is promoted by high Ni contents, long grinding times and high hydration temperatures. The best results are apparently obtained with an optimal balance of the dispersion of Ni, which depends on the Ni contents and grinding time. [Spanish] Mezclas de Mg-5%Ni y Mg-20%Ni fueron preparadas por aleado mecanico y evaluadas para su aplicacion como materiales para almacenamiento de hidrogeno. El efecto de la dispersion del niquel en el magnesio fue estudiado utilizando tiempos de molienda de 15 y 30 hrs. Experimentos de hidruracion incluyendo pruebas de hidruracion del tipo Batch fueron realizadas a 200, 250 y 300 grados centigrados a 2 Mpa durante 30 minutos. Tecnicas de caracterizacion como MEB-EDX y DRX fueron empleados en la

Fluoride content and distribution pattern in groundwater of eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou, China.

Science.gov (United States)

Luo, Kunli; Liu, Yonglin; Li, Huijie

2012-02-01

For study, the fluoride (F) content and distribution pattern in groundwater of eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou fluorosis area in southwestern China, the F content of 93 water samples [groundwater (fissure water, cool spring, and hot springs), rivers water] and 60 rock samples were measured. The result shows the F content of the fissure water and cold spring water is 0.027-0.47 mg/L, and river water is 0.048-0.224 mg/L. The F content of hot spring water is 1.02-6.907 mg/L. The drinking water supplied for local resident is mainly from fissure water, cool spring, and river water. And the F content in all of them is much lower than the Chinese National Standard (1.0 mg/L), which is the safe intake of F in drinking water. The infected people in eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou fluorosis area have very little F intake from the drinking water. The hot spring water in fluorosis area of eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou, southwest China has high F content, which is not suitable for drinking. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011

Bergenin Content and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Bergenia Extracts. .

Science.gov (United States)

Hendrychová, Helena; Martin, Jan; Tůmová, Lenka; Kočevar-Glavač, Nina

2015-07-01

Our research was focused on the evaluation of bergenin content and free radical scavenging activity of extracts prepared from three different species of Bergenia - B. crassifolia (L.) Fritsch., B. ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. and B. x ornata Stein. collected during different seasons. Using an HPLC method, the highest total amount of bergenin was revealed in the leaves of B. x ornata and B. crassifolia (4.9 - 5.1 mg x g(-1)). Free radical scavenging power was determined by two methods--FRAP and NADH. The best free radical scavengers were B. crassifolia (FRAP: 6.7 - 15.9 mg GAE. 100g(-1); NADH: 20.3 - 50.9%) and B. ornata (FRAP: 13.7 - 15.2 mg GAE. 100g(-1); NADH: 29.3 - 31.1%). The lowest content of bergenin and the weakest radical scavenger was B. ciliata (bergenin: 3.1 mg x g(-1); FRAP: 5.5 - 11.0 mg GAE.100g(-1); NADH: 23.2 - 25.6%). The presence of a large percentage of bergenin is responsible for the radical scavenging activity, as shown by the results from the FRAP and NADH assays. Significant, positive correlation was found between bergenin content and radical scavenging activity in both methods.

Hair progesterone contents during oestrus cycle and pregnancy in goats

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zeng Xianyin; Guo Dazhi; Liu Xianyi

1991-01-01

Hair progesterone contents during gestasion and milk progesterone levels during oestrus cycle in Saanen(S), crosses F 1 (SXChengdu Mah) and F 2 (SX(SXChengdu Mah)) goats were determined using the RIA kit. The results showed that progesterone in goats hair could be detected using the RIA kit. In pregnant goats, hair progesterone contents was correlated with the milk progesterone profile during 1-28 days after oestrus (r=0.5458, p<0.01). In non-pregnant goats, similar correlation was observed (r=7832, p<0.01). After milk samples were collected 22 days, 3.9ng/ml of progesterone was taken as the discriminatory level, and precision of pregnancy and non-pregnancy diagnosis were 82.4% and 100% respectively. After hair samples were collected 22 days, 3.7ng/50mg of progesterone was taken as discriminatory level, and precision of pregnancy and non-pregnancy diagnosis were 77.8% and 100% respectively. During gestation, hair progesterone content increased gradually from day 30(5.67±0.98ng/50mg hair)to day 120 (9.85±1.20ng/50mg) and decreased rapidly from -8(before parturition, 7.73±1.91ng/50mg) to day 0(parturition, 4.93±0.25ng/50mg)

Effect of extraction method and orientin content on radio-protective effect of tulsi extracts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tiwari, Mrinalini; Dwarakanath, B. S.; Agrawala, Paban K., E-mail: pkagrawal@gmail.com [Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi (India); Murugan, R.; Parimelazhagan, T. [Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore (India); Uma Devi, P. [ARA-B-3SA, Plavilakonam,Trivandrum (India); Gota, V.; Sarin, R. K. [Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai (India)

2014-07-01

Extract of tulsi leaves (Ocimum sanctum) has been reported for its radioprotective efficacy. In our initial studies we observed significant variation in the survival of irradiated mice with different batches of tulsi extracts and therefore we employed different extraction methods on leaves collected during various seasons from different localities to study any variation in the radioprotective efficacy. Orientin, a component of tulsi extract, was considered a marker. Mice whole body survival (at 10 Gy lethal whole body irradiation) study and day 11 endo-CFU-s assay (at 5 Gy WBI) were performed employing 3 treatment schedules, 50 mg/kg or 25 mg/kg b.w (single injection, 30 min irradiation), and 10 mg/kgb.w (one injection per day for 5 day, last injection being 30 min before irradiation). Single dose of 25 mg/kg b.w (both aqueous and alcoholic) did not provide any significant survival benefit. The orientin concentrations in the extracts tested varied from 3.3 to 9.91 mg/g extract as studied by HPLC method. With a single administration (i.p) of 50 mg/kg, the aqueous extract from leaves of monsoon season had an orientin content of 9.91 mg/g extract and gave a survival of 60% with a CFU-s count of 37, while extract of leaf summer leaves had an orientin content of 4.15 mg/g extract and gave a survival of 50% with a CFU-s count of 11.6. At the same dose (50 mg/kg), the aqueous extract from the winter season had an orientin content of 3.30 mg/g extract and gave 25% survival with a CFU-s count of 19, while the ethanolic extract had an orientin content of 7.70 mg/g extract and gave a survival of 50% with a CFU-s count of 13. These observations suggest that different climatic factors, orientin content and the doses of administration are important factors regulating radioprotection afforded by different extracts of tulsi. (author)

Refinement of Mg2Si reinforcement in a commercial Al–20%Mg2Si in-situ composite with bismuth, antimony and strontium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nordin, Nur Azmah; Farahany, Saeed; Ourdjini, Ali; Abu Bakar, Tuty Asma; Hamzah, Esah

2013-01-01

Refinement by addition elements of Al–Mg 2 Si alloys is known to result in a change of primary Mg 2 Si morphology. In this paper, the effects of Bi, Sb and Sr on the characteristic parameters of Al–20%Mg 2 Si in-situ composite have been investigated by computer aided cooling curve thermal analysis and microstructural inspection. Size, density and aspect ratio measurements showed that additions of 0.4 wt.% Bi, 0.8 wt.% Sb and 0.01 wt.% Sr refined the Mg 2 Si reinforcement. Exceeding these concentrations, however, resulted in coarsening of Mg 2 Si particles with no change in the morphology. The results also showed that addition elements caused a decrease in the nucleation and growth temperatures of Mg 2 Si particles. The refining effect of Bi, Sb and Sr is likely to be related to the effect of oxide bifilms suspended in the composite melt as favored nucleation substrates for Mg 2 Si particles. - Highlight: • 0.4 wt.%, 0.8 wt.% and 0.01 wt.% is the optimum content for Bi, Sb and Sr addition. • Exceeding optimum concentration resulted in the coarsening of reinforcements. • Nucleation and growth temperatures decrease with addition of Bi, Sb and Sr. • The refining effect of Bi, Sb and Sr is likely to be related to the oxide bifilms

The Effect of Differentiated Nutrition on the Content of Antioxidants in Broccoli

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Anton Uher

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this work is to determine the impact of differentiated nutrition, using different rates of nitrogen and sulphur, on the level of antioxidants, particularly vitamin E1 (α-tocopherol, vitamin C and β-carotene in the broccoli rosette. The experimental broccoli variety was Tiburon F1. It is a strong medium-late variety with a vegetation period of 82 days. In the 3-year field trial we observed the effects of different rates of nitrogen and sulphur on the amount of antioxidant compounds in broccoli. The experiment consisted of four fertilisation treatments: 1 unfertilised control, 2 fertilised with 200 kg N.ha−1, 3 also fertilized with 200 kg N.ha−1 and supplemented with 50 kg S.ha−1, 4 200 kg.ha−1 and 60 kg S.ha−1 was applied. To determine the amount of β-carotene and vitamin E1, the slightly modified method of Olives Barb et al. (2006 was used. The vitamin C content was determined by titration. Nitrogen nutrition has a significant impact not only on the amount of harvested broccoli, but also on the content of β-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E1. The average content of β-carotene for the entire experimental period ranged from 24.84 mg.kg−1 to 30.13 mg.kg−1 of fresh mass. The content of β-carotene in broccoli rosettes increased as per the following order of treatments: control > N:S (200:50 kg.ha−1 > N:S (200:60 kg.ha−1 > N (kg.ha−1. The β-carotene content increased significantly only in treatment 2 (30.13 mg.kg−1 as compared to all the other treatments. The level of vitamin C revealed the significant effect of fertilisation in all the treatments (567.9–614.2 mg.kg−1 in contrast to the control variant (528.4 mg.kg−1. What is more, in treatment 4 the content of vitamin C increased significantly in contrast to fertilised treatments 2 and 3. The average content of vitamin E1 ranged from 4.33 mg.kg−1 to 4.88 mg.kg−1 of fresh mass. There were no significant differences among the untreated control

n3- polyunsaturated Fat Acid Content of Some Edible Fish from Bahrain Waters

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Arrayedu, F. H.; Al Maskati, H. A.; Abdullah, F. J.

1999-08-01

This study was performed to determine the content of n3- polyunsaturated fatty acids in 10 fish species that are commonly consumed in Bahrain in addition to the main commercial shrimp species. White sardinella, which is a plankton feeder, had the highest content of n3- polyunsaturated fatty acids. It had the highest value of eicosapentaenoic acid (146.5 ± 20 mg 100 g-1) and linolenic acid (98.9±f 100 g-1) and the second highest value of docosahexaenoic acid at (133.7 ± 22 mg 100 g-1). Spanish mackerel which feeds mainly on sardinella was second with eicosapentaenoc acid at 55 ± 5.4 mg 100 g-1, docosahexaenoic acid at 161 ± 19.8 mg 100 g-1, linolenic acid at 16.4 mg 100 g-1 and docosapentaenoic acid at 25 ± 1.9 mg 100 g-1. Rabbitfish, the most popular edible fish in Bahrain which feeds mainly on benthic algae had the third highest content of n3- polyunsaturated fatty acids with eicosapentaenoic acid at 37.5 ± 3.9 mg 100 g-1, docosahexaenoic acid at 76 ± 6.7 mg 100 g-1, and docosapentaenoic acid at 85.8 ± 10 mg 100 g-1. The other fish and crustacean species studied were Arabian carpet shark, doublebar bream, grouper, gray grunt, golden travally, keeled mullet, spangled emperor and shrimp. The study explores the transfer of n3- polyunsaturated fatty acids through the food webs of the examined fish. It is apparent, generally, that plankton feeders displayed the highest content of n3- polyunsaturated fatty acids followed by seaweed and algae grazers, with benthic carnivores feeding on invertebrates displaying the poorest content. The values reported here, however, are much lower than those reported for fish available in American markets and in Mediterranean fish. Warm water temperature and high salinity which lead to lowering of the density of phytoplankton and phytoplankton content of n3- polyunsaturated fatty acids are suggested as the reason for the observed low values of n3- polyunsaturated fatty acids in Bahrain fish.

Factors affecting trace element content in periurban market garden subsoil in Yunnan Province, China.

Science.gov (United States)

Zu, Yanqun; Bock, Laurent; Schvartz, Christian; Colinet, Gilles; Li, Yuan

2011-01-01

Field investigations were conducted to measure subsoil trace element content and factors influencing content in an intensive periurban market garden in Chenggong County, Yunnan Province, South-West China. The area was divided into three different geomorphological units: specifically, mountain (M), transition (T) and lacustrine (L). Mean trace element content in subsoil were determined for Pb (58.2 mg/kg), Cd (0.89 mg/kg), Cu (129.2 mg/kg), and Zn (97.0 mg/kg). Strong significant relationships between trace element content in topsoil and subsoil were observed. Both Pb and Zn were accumulated in topsoil (RTS (ratio of mean trace element in topsoil to subsoil) of Pb and Zn > or =1.0) and Cd and Cu in subsoil (RTS of Cd and Cu related to relief, stoniness, soil color, clay content, and cation exchange capacity. Except for 7.5 YR (yellow-red) color, trace element content increased with color intensity from brown to reddish brown. Significant positive relationships were observed between Fe content and that of Pb and Cu. Trace element content in mountain unit subsoil was higher than in transition and lacustrine units (M > T > L), except for Cu (T > M > L). Mean trace element content in calcareous subsoil was higher than in sandstone and shale. Mean trace element content in clay texture subsoil was higher than in sandy and sandy loam subsoil, and higher Cu and Zn content in subsoil with few mottles. It is possible to model Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn distribution in subsoil physico-chemical characteristics to help improve agricultural practice.

FOLIAR NUTRIENT CONTENTS AND FRUIT YIELD IN CUSTARD APPLE PROGENIES

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Paulo Sérgio Lima e Silva

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Foliar nutrient contents are evaluated in several fruit trees with many objectives. Leaf analysis constitutes a way of evaluating the nutritional requirements of crops. Due to the positive impact that fertilizers have on crop yields, researchers frequently try to evaluate the correlations between yield and foliar nutrient contents. This work's objective was to present fruit yields from the 4th to the 6th cropping seasons, evaluate foliar nutrient contents (on the 5th cropping season, and estimate the correlations between these two groups of traits for 20 half-sibling custard apple tree progenies. The progenies were evaluated in a random block design with five replicates and four plants per plot. One hundred leaves were collected from the middle third of the canopy (in height of each of four plants in each plot. The leaves were collected haphazardly, i.e., in a random manner, but without using a drawing mechanism. In the analysis of variance, the nutrient concentrations in the leaves from plants of each plot were represented by the average of four plants in the plot. Fruit yield in the various progenies did not depend on cropping season; progeny A4 was the most productive. No Spearman correlation was found between leaf nutrient concentrations and fruit yield. Increased nutrient concentrations in the leaves were progeny-dependent, i.e., with regard to Na (progenies FE5 and JG1, Ca (progeny A4, Mg (progeny SM7, N (progeny A3, P (progeny M, and K contents (progeny JG3. Spearman's correlation was negative between Na-Mg, Na-Ca, and Mg-P contents, and positive between Mg-Ca and N-K contents.

Spectroscopic, thermal, and electrical properties of MgO/ polyvinyl pyrrolidone/ polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites

Science.gov (United States)

Mohammed, Gh.; El Sayed, Adel M.; Morsi, W. M.

2018-04-01

In this study, we aimed to control the optical and electrical properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in order to broaden its industrial and technological applications, which we achieved by blending PVA with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and adding sol-gel prepared MgO nanopowder. The blended film and nanocomposite films were prepared using the solution casting technique. X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the crystallite size was ∼18.4 nm for MgO and the highest degree of crystallinity (XC) in the films was about 24.34% at 1.0 wt% MgO. High resolution transmission electron microscopy determined the nanoribbon morphology of MgO. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated the uniform distribution of the MgO nanoribbons on the surfaces of the PVA/PVP films. SEM and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy also confirmed the interaction between the blend and MgO fillers. The effects of the additives on the glass transition (Tg) and melting (Tm) temperatures were evaluated by differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The appearance of one melting point confirmed the miscibility of the two polymers. According to ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectroscopy measurements, the optical properties and optical constants of PVA could be adjusted by the addition of PVP and MgO, where the optical band gap (Eg) determined for PVA increased with the PVP content, whereas it decreased to 4.8 eV as the MgO content increased. The DC conductivity (σdc) of the films increased whereas the activation energy (Ea) decreased after the addition of MgO, possibly because the nanoribbon shape fixed the preferred conducting pathways. In addition, MgO could break the H-bond in sbnd OH groups of the blends to allow the free movement of the molecular chains.

Adsorption of arsenate on Cu/Mg/Fe/La layered double hydroxide from aqueous solutions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guo, Yanwei [State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092 (China); Zhu, Zhiliang, E-mail: zzl@tongji.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092 (China); Qiu, Yanling [Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092 (China); Zhao, Jianfu [State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092 (China)

2012-11-15

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A novel layered double hydroxide containing lanthanum (Cu/Mg/Fe/La-LDH) has been synthesized. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The average pore size of the materials with about 16 nm indicated that the mesoporous structures existed in the Cu/Mg/Fe/La-LDHs. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The adsorption capacity of As(V) increased with the increment of La{sup 3+} content in the LDH. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The maximum adsorption capacity of the synthesized Cu/Mg/Fe/La-LDH for arsenate was 43.5 mg/g. - Abstract: A novel layered double hydroxide containing lanthanum (Cu/Mg/Fe/La-LDH) has been synthesized and used for the removal of arsenate from aqueous solutions. The purpose of incorporation of La{sup 3+} into LDHs was tried to enhance the uptake efficiency of arsenate and broaden the application field of LDHs functional materials. Effects of various physico-chemical factors such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial arsenate concentrations on the adsorption of arsenate onto Cu/Mg/Fe/La-LDH were investigated. Results showed that the removal efficiency of arsenate increased with the increment of the lanthanum content in Cu/Mg/Fe/La-LDH adsorbents, and the optimized lanthanum content was 20% of the total trivalent metals composition (Fe{sup 3+} and La{sup 3+}). The adsorption isotherms can be well described by Langmuir equation, and the adsorption kinetics of arsenate followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Coexistent ions such as HPO{sub 4}{sup 2-}, CO{sub 3}{sup 2-}, SO{sub 4}{sup 2-}, Cl{sup -} and NO{sub 3}{sup -} exhibited obvious competition with arsenate for the adsorption on Cu/Mg/Fe/La-LDH. The solution pH significantly affected the removal efficiency, which was closely related to the change of arsenate species distribution under different pH conditions. The predominant adsorption mechanism can be mainly attributed to the processes including ion exchange and layer ligand exchange.

Adsorption of arsenate on Cu/Mg/Fe/La layered double hydroxide from aqueous solutions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guo, Yanwei; Zhu, Zhiliang; Qiu, Yanling; Zhao, Jianfu

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► A novel layered double hydroxide containing lanthanum (Cu/Mg/Fe/La-LDH) has been synthesized. ► The average pore size of the materials with about 16 nm indicated that the mesoporous structures existed in the Cu/Mg/Fe/La-LDHs. ► The adsorption capacity of As(V) increased with the increment of La 3+ content in the LDH. ► The maximum adsorption capacity of the synthesized Cu/Mg/Fe/La-LDH for arsenate was 43.5 mg/g. - Abstract: A novel layered double hydroxide containing lanthanum (Cu/Mg/Fe/La-LDH) has been synthesized and used for the removal of arsenate from aqueous solutions. The purpose of incorporation of La 3+ into LDHs was tried to enhance the uptake efficiency of arsenate and broaden the application field of LDHs functional materials. Effects of various physico-chemical factors such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial arsenate concentrations on the adsorption of arsenate onto Cu/Mg/Fe/La-LDH were investigated. Results showed that the removal efficiency of arsenate increased with the increment of the lanthanum content in Cu/Mg/Fe/La-LDH adsorbents, and the optimized lanthanum content was 20% of the total trivalent metals composition (Fe 3+ and La 3+ ). The adsorption isotherms can be well described by Langmuir equation, and the adsorption kinetics of arsenate followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Coexistent ions such as HPO 4 2− , CO 3 2− , SO 4 2− , Cl − and NO 3 − exhibited obvious competition with arsenate for the adsorption on Cu/Mg/Fe/La-LDH. The solution pH significantly affected the removal efficiency, which was closely related to the change of arsenate species distribution under different pH conditions. The predominant adsorption mechanism can be mainly attributed to the processes including ion exchange and layer ligand exchange.

Implementasi Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja Aktivitas, Green Supply Chain Management (Gscm (Studi Kasus: Kud “Dau”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Al Wafdah Lazuardian

2016-10-01

Full Text Available KUD "DAU" merupakan salah satu sektor industri yang memiliki aktivitas supply chain dalam memproduksi susu pasteurisasi yang diberi nama Dau Fresh Milk. Selama ini, KUD "DAU" belum pernah membuat pengukuran kinerja manajemen rantai pasokan yang ramah lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu metode yang diterapkan dalam mengukur kinerja SCM yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat pencapaian kinerja manajemen rantai pasokan KUD "DAU" yang ramah lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur kinerja SCM adalah metode pendekatan hijau ramah lingkungan untuk manajemen rantai pasokan (GSCM. Model pengukuran kinerja GSCM terdiri dari kegiatan pengadaan hijau, green manufacturing, green distribution logistics. Pengamatan diperoleh dari sejumlah 44 indikator yang mengukur indikator kinerja utama yang valid. Dari pengukuran tersebut dapat diberikan rekomendasi perbaikan indikator kinerja yang memiliki kategori merah traffic light system.

Methylxanthine Content in Commonly Consumed Foods in Spain and Determination of Its Intake during Consumption

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan M. Sanchez

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Methylxanthines present psychostimulant effects. These compounds have low toxicity and their consumption at moderate levels presents some beneficial health effects, whereas some significant risk appears at high levels. Samples of common types of methylxanthine-containing beverages and foods consumed in Spain were analyzed to determine their content. Caffeine was the methylxanthine that was most found in the samples investigated. Instant coffees gave the highest caffeine percentage (18–44 mg·g−1. Green and scented teas were found to have a caffeine dry-weight content (8–26 mg·g−1 equivalent to ground coffees (13–23 mg·g−1, but black and pu-erh teas (18–30 mg·g−1 had a higher caffeine content. The evaluation of the most conventional methods for preparing espresso coffees showed that an espresso contains between 88–116 mg of caffeine. In the case of tea beverages, the amount of caffeine present was 2–3 times smaller than in espresso coffees. Energy drinks showed a similar caffeine content (80–106 mg as espresso coffees. Chocolates had the lowest caffeine content. It has been found that none of the foods evaluated reach the recommended daily intake limit of 400 mg of caffeine with a single dose. This limit can be reached with 4–5 doses in the case of coffees and energy drinks. In the case of chocolates, the methylxanthine compound detected at large levels was theobromine, with amounts ranging from 4 to 10 mg·g−1 for dark chocolates.

[A survey on the sodium content of customers' orderings at three restaurants in Beijing].

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Nanxi; Liang, Baojing; He, Pingping; Li, Liming; Lyu, Jun

2014-04-01

To survey the mean sodium content of menu offering and customers' orderings on sodium when eating out. All weights of ingredients of menu offerings at three Chinese restaurants with Wenzhou, Shandong, and Yunnan cuisine, in Beijing, were collected and their sodium values were estimated based on data from the Chinese Food Composition. All records from customers' orders were collected in a certain period of time from year 2011 to 2013. The mean sodium content of ordering per person and the proportion of all orders exceeding the recommended daily sodium limit that applicable to most native Chinese, were estimated. Of all the menu offerings, hot dishes (1 728.6 mg; P25, P75: 1 198.7, 2 482.8) and soup dishes (2 101.5 mg; P25, P75: 1 467.8, 2 291.2) had the highest sodium contents, followed by cold dressed dishes (790.7 mg; P25, P75: 128.1, 1 472.9) staple foods (802.9 mg; P25, P75: 115.1, 1 563.2) while the beverages having the lowest sodium contents (17.0 mg; P25, P 75: 2.0, 19.5) (P < 0.05). Meat dishes (1 796.3 mg; P25, P75: 1 303.9, 2 670.3) contained more sodium than vegetable dishes (1 105.5 mg; P25, P75: 423.6, 1 628.6) (P < 0.001). The median sodium contents in per person orderings were 2 325.6 mg (P25, P75:1 700.7, 3 213.8) for lunch and 2 542.5 mg (P25, P75: 1 857.5, 3 498.1) for dinner. Current dietary guideline recommended for Chinese adults was: in general, the amount of consumption should not exceed 2 400 mg of sodium per day. Based on the recommended optimal daily calories intake ratio as 3:4:3 for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, we would suggest that the sodium intake should follow the amount as 960 mg for lunch and 720 mg for dinner. Our data indicated that 97.5% of the ordered meals appeared that they were over the recommended sodium limit and 76.5% of the tables showed two times more than the limit of recommendation. Soup and hot dishes provided at these three restaurants contained more sodium contents. People ordered dishes at restaurants would

Glycoalkaloids in potatoes: Content of glycoalkaloids in potatoes for consumption

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Knuthsen, Pia; Jensen, Udo; Schmidt, Bjørn

2009-01-01

mg/kg. Thus the aim of this study was to make a survey of the distribution and contents of TGA in potatoes on the Danish market, including many different and relevant varieties during a 6-year period. A total of 386 samples of potato tubers were analysed for α-solanine and α-chaconine by extraction...... with acetic acid and determination by RP-HPLC with UV-detection at 202 nm. The results not only confirmed that contents above 100 mg TGA/kg in potato tubers frequently occurred in some years, but also showed the possibility of finding lower contents in the same varieties other years. This led to the cautious...

Agaritine content of 53 Agaricus species collected from nature

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schulzova, V.; Hajslova, J.; Peroutka, R.

2009-01-01

carcinogen. There was a huge variation in agaritine content between species, but less variation between samples of a species. Whereas the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus commonly contain 200-500 mg agaritine kg-1 fresh weight, no less than 24 of the 53 species contained agaritine levels above 1000 mg...... strain development of Agaricus mushrooms for cultivation. No correlation could be observed between agaritine content and size of the mushroom, week of the year when collected, year of collection, or site of collection. Besides occurring in the genus Agaricus, some species of the genera Leucoagaricus...

Structural and optical properties of magnetron sputtered Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1-x}O thin films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kumar, Sanjeev; Gupte, Vinay; Sreenivas, K [Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007 (India)

2006-04-05

Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1-x}O (MZO) thin films prepared by an rf magnetron sputtering technique are reported. The films were grown at room temperature and at relatively low rf power of 50 W. MZO thin films were found to possess preferred c-axis orientation and exhibited hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO up to a Mg concentration of 42 mol%. A small variation in the c-axis lattice parameter of around 0.3% was observed with increasing Mg composition, showing the complete solubility of Mg in ZnO. The band gap of the MZO films in the wurtzite phase varied linearly with the Mg concentration and a maximum band gap {approx}4.19 eV was achieved at x = 0.42. The refractive indices of the MgO films were found to decrease with increasing Mg content. The observed optical dispersion data are in agreement with the single oscillator model. A photoluminescence study revealed a blue shift in the near band edge emission peak with increasing Mg content in the MZO films. The results show the potential of MZO films in various opto-electronic applications.

Phenolic compounds and sterol contents of olive (olea europaea l.) oils obtained from different

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Juhaimi, F.; Ghafoor, K.; Adiamo, O.Q.; Babiker, E.E.

2017-01-01

Oil obtained from 5 different olive cultivars was analyzed for phenolic and sterol composition. Total phenolic contents of oils were determined between 94.99 mg GAE/kg oil (Al-Joif) to 405.71 mg GAE/ kg oil (Sariulak) (p<0.05). Phenolic compounds of oils obtained from different olive verities (Ayvalik, Sariulak, Savrani, Al-Joif and Gemlik) when fully ripened were evaluated using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol were identified to have higher concentrations than other compounds. Tyrosol contents were between 3.65 mg/kg to 21.47 mg/kg oil (p<0.05) in different verities. The contents of hydroxytyrosol of oils for Ayvalik and Gemlik were 1.23 and 14.42 mg/kg, respectively. Cinnamic acid was detected only in Al-Joif olive oil sample. Low amounts of syringic, vanillin, p-cumaric, quercetin and luteolin were observed in different varieties' oils. (author)

Validation of FNAA method for testing the elements of Mn, Cr and Mg on the Gajahwong river sediment sample

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wisjachudin Faisal; Elin Nuraini

2010-01-01

Validation of elements of Mn, Cr and Mg by using FNAA method has been performed. NBS SRM 8704 (Bufallo River Sediment), was used as the standard reference material, with the neutrons generator operating condition at the optimum voltage of 110 kV. Energy and channel number of calibration lines obtained with the standard equation as y = 1.034 x + 151.21. From the analysis of SRM, the results show that only Mg can be analyzed, because Cr and Mn are located at the same peak point (interferences), so that they can not be analyzed. From the analysis for Mg element (SRM), the precision and the accuration obtained are 95.53 % and 94.88%, while the average price of expanded uncertainty for the various locations is 0.233 ± 0.012. Mg content analysis result at various locations along the river Gajahwong ranging from 85.41 – 103.55 ppm. When compared with previous studies showing the elements content of Fe, Al and Si is much higher than Mg content. (author)

Catalytic properties of pure and K+-doped Cu O/Mg O system towards 2-propanol conversion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

El-Molla, S. A.; Amin, N. H.; Hammed, M. N.; Sultan, S. N.; El-Shobaky, G. A.

2013-01-01

Cu O/Mg O system having different compositions was prepared by impregnation method followed by calcination at 400-900 C. The effect of Cu O content, calcination temperature and doping with small amounts of K + species (1-3 mol %) on physicochemical, surface and catalytic properties of the system were investigated using X-ray diffraction, adsorption of N 2 at - 196 C, and conversion of isopropyl alcohol at 150-400 C using a flow technique. The results revealed that the solids having the formulae 0.2 and 0.3 Cu O/Mg O calcined at 400 C consisted of nano sized Mg O and Cu O as major phases together with Cu 2 O as minor phase. The Bet-surface areas of different absorbents are decreased by increasing Cu O content, calcination temperature and K + -doping. Mg O-support material showed very small catalytic activity in 2-propanol conversion. The investigated system behaved as selective catalyst for dehydrogenation of 2-propanol with selectivity >80%. The catalytic activity increased by increasing Cu O content and decreased by increasing the calcination temperature within 400-900 C. K + -doping increased the catalytic activity and catalytic durability. (Author)

Brazilian Capsicum peppers: capsaicinoid content and antioxidant activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Bogusz, Stanislau; Libardi, Silvia H; Dias, Fernanda Fg; Coutinho, Janclei P; Bochi, Vivian C; Rodrigues, Daniele; Melo, Arlete Mt; Godoy, Helena T

2018-01-01

Capsicum peppers are known as a source of capsaicinoids, phenolic compounds and antioxidants. Brazilian Capsicum peppers are important spices used in foods worldwide. However, little information is available on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of these peppers. Capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were investigated in extracts of three Brazilian peppers: Capsicum frutescens, C. chinense and C. baccatum var. pendulum, in two different harvest years and at two ripening stages. The bioactive compound content was dependent on harvest year, and changes in the concentration profiles were found for capsaicin. Mature fruits of C. chinense harvested in the first year had the highest capsaicin concentration (2.04 mg g -1 fresh pepper), and mature fruits of C. frutescens harvested in the same first year had the highest dihydrocapsaicin content (0.95 mg g -1 fresh pepper). Mature fruits of C. frutescens harvested in the first year showed the major total phenolic compound content (2.46 mg g -1 fresh pepper). The total phenolic compound content was directly related to antioxidant activity. Our results suggest that phenolic compounds significantly contribute to the antioxidant activity of the investigated peppers. Also, these data add valued novel information that enhances current knowledge of Brazilian pepper fruits. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Changes in Average Sodium Content of Prepacked Foods in Slovenia during 2011-2015.

Science.gov (United States)

Pravst, Igor; Lavriša, Živa; Kušar, Anita; Miklavec, Krista; Žmitek, Katja

2017-08-29

A voluntary gradual reduction in the salt content of processed foods was proposed Slovenia in 2010. Our objective was to determine the sodium content of prepacked foods in 2015 and to compare these results with data from 2011. Labelled sodium content and 12-month sales data were collected for prepacked foods ( N = 5759) from major food stores in Slovenia. The average and sales-weighted sodium content, as well as the share in total sodium sales (STSS) were calculated for different food category levels, particularly focusing on processed meat and derivatives (STSS: 13.1%; 904 mg Na/100 g), bread (9.1%; 546 mg), cheese (5.1%; 524 mg), and ready-to-eat meals (2.2%; 510 mg). Reduced sale-weighted sodium content was observed in cheese (57%), a neutral trend was observed in processed meat and derivatives (99%) and bread (100%), and an increase in sodium content was found in ready meals (112%). Similar trends were observed for average sodium levels, but the difference was significant only in the case of ready meals. No statistically significant changes were observed for the matched products, although about one-third of the matched products had been reformulated by lowering the sodium level by more than 3.8%. Additional efforts are needed to ensure salt reduction in processed foods in Slovenia. Such efforts should combine closer collaboration with the food industry, additional consumer education, and setting specific sodium content targets (limits) for key food categories.

Heavy Metal Contents in Spices from Markets in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Huremović, J.

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Spices are some of the most common foods in the human diet around the world. Spices are dried parts of plants used often as diet components to improve aroma and acceptability of food. The aim of this work was to determine the contents of seven heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in spices available at local markets in Sarajevo. Metal concentrations in six spice samples (black pepper (Piper nigrum, basil (Ocimum basilicum, oregano (Oreganum vulgaris, paprika (Capsicum annuum, parsley (Petroselinum crispum and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The content of chromium and nickel in all samples was below 5 mg kg-1 . Copper levels were in the range of 2.36-19.47 mg kg-1 , iron 6.80-785.56 mg kg-1 , manganese 6.14-59.36 mg kg-1 , lead 0.74-20.35 and zinc 6.93-85.44 mg kg-1 . These results were in agreement with other published data except in the case of Pb which content was slightly higher. Daily intake of different metals was calculated and compared with the MRL values given by ATSDR (2013. The content of lead in most of the samples was above the maximum permitted concentrations recommended by WHO and national regulations of Bosnia and Herzegovina.  

Influence of compositions on thermal stability and thermodynamic parameter in Ca-Mg-Cu bulk metallic glasses

Science.gov (United States)

Deshmukh, A. A.; Khond, A. A.; Palikundwar, U. A.

2018-05-01

In the present manuscript, influence of compositions on thermal stability (ΔTx) and thermodynamic parameter PHSS of Ca-Mg-Cu bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) is evaluated. The statistical approach of regression analysis is adopted to investigate the compositional variation with ΔTx and PHSS. It is found that calcium (Ca) and copper (Cu) content has goodlinear relationship with ΔTx and PHSS. It is observed that with increase in Ca content, ΔTx and PHSS decreases. On the other hand, increase in Cu content, both ΔTx and PHSS increases. Correlation fit of magnesium (Mg) content with both ΔTx and PHSS is very poor. A graph is also plotted to understand the relationship between ΔTx and PHSS. Result of the relationship between ΔTx and PHSS reveals that the alloy composition having more negative value of PHSS will have more stability. Therefore, compositions with more negative value of PHSS will lead to ease of BMGs formation in Ca-Mg-Cu alloy system and hence more stable it will be. It is expected that these results will be supportive in identifying the compositions having these elements for making BMGs.

Total polyphenols contents in different grapevine varieties in highlands of southern brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Brighenti Emilio

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Phenolic compounds are one of the main parameters of wine quality and contribute to the organoleptic characteristics, particularly color, astringency and body. In the highlands of southern Brazil, low temperatures and high accumulation of global solar radiation favor the synthesis of total polyphenols in grapes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the concentration of total polyphenols of 10 white varieties and 13 red varieties produced in high altitude regions of southern Brazil. The vineyard is located in the Experimental Station of Santa Catarina State Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Agency (EPAGRI, in the city of São Joaquim (28° 16′30″S, 49° 56′09″W, Altitude 1,400 m, the evaluations occurred in 2015/2016 growing season. The content of total polyphenols was determined as proposed by Singleton & Rossi (1965, using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, with spectrophotometer readings. Polyphenol content ranged from 283.56 to 1,387.31 mg/L for white varieties, the varieties with the highest concentrations were Greco di Tufo (1,378.31 mg/L, Trebbiano Toscano (995.59 mg/L and Ribola Gialla (737.48 mg/L. For the red varieties, the total polyphenol content ranged from 523.87 to 4,929.57 mg/L, Ancellotta (4,929.57 mg/L, Uva di Troia (2,722.27 mg/L and Croatina (2,410 mg/L stood out for presenting the highest levels.

[The content of mineral elements in Camellia olei fera ovary at pollination and fertilization stages determined by auto discrete analyzers and atomic absorption spectrophotometer].

Science.gov (United States)

Zou, Feng; Yuan, De-Yi; Gao, Chao; Liao, Ting; Chen, Wen-Tao; Han, Zhi-Qiang; Zhang, Lin

2014-04-01

In order to elucidate the nutrition of Camellia olei fera at pollination and fertilization stages, the contents of mineral elements were determined by auto discrete analyzers and atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the change in the contents of mineral elements was studied and analysed under the condition of self- and cross-pollination. The results are showed that nine kinds of mineral elements contents were of "S" or "W" type curve changes at the pollination and fertilization stages of Camellia olei fera. N, K, Zn, Cu, Ca, Mn element content changes showed "S" curve under the self- and out-crossing, the content of N reaching the highest was 3.445 8 mg x g(-1) in self-pollination of 20 d; K content reaching the highest at the cross-pollination 20 d was 6.275 5 mg x g(-1); Zn content in self-pollination of 10 d reaching the highest was 0.070 5 mg x g(-1); Cu content in the cross-pollination of 5 d up to the highest was 0.061 0 mg x g(-1); Ca content in the cross-pollination of 15 d up to the highest was 3.714 5 mg x g(-1); the content of Mn reaching the highest in self-pollination 30 d was 2. 161 5 mg x g(-1). Fe, P, Mg element content changes was of "S" type curve in selfing and was of "W" type curve in outcrossing, Fe content in the self-pollination 10 d up to the highest was 0.453 0 mg x g(-1); P content in self-pollination of 20 d reaching the highest was 6.731 8 mg x g(-1); the content of Mg up to the highest in self-pollination 25 d was 2.724 0 mg x g(-1). The results can be used as a reference for spraying foliar fertilizer, and improving seed setting rate and yield in Camellia olei fera.

Determination of minerals content in leaves of Moringa Oleifera by neutron activation analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Th Rina Mulyaningsih; Saeful Yusuf

2018-01-01

Moringa oleifera ( Mo) or kelor is a high-value plant, distributed in many tropical and subtropical countries. This plant can be used as a vegetable, cosmetic oil, and medicinal plant. The leaves of Mo is rich in essential minerals needed by the body’s health. Moringa oleifera widely cultivated in various places in Indonesia, easily obtained and inexpensive so precious can be used to overcome malnutrition. Research on the macro-micro mineral content in Moringa leaves here is still limited. Mineral composition in leaves include Mo leaves varies depending on location grow. The purpose of this research is to determine the mineral content in the leaves of the Mo taken from Indonesia. For the preliminary study samples was taken from Central Java to be compared with the results of studies conducted in several other countries. Leaf samples were collected randomly from sampling area. Mineral content in the samples is determined using Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA). Irradiation was carried out at rabbit system of Multipurpose Reactor G.A Siwabessy on neutron flux ~10 13 n.cm -2 .dt -1 . The results obtained indicate that Mo is rich in essential minerals, mainly Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Fe and Cl. Content in dried leaves include: calcium (3.45 % ), magnesium (0.66 %), potassium (3.35 %), chloride (0.25 %), iron (147.20 mg/kg), sodium ( 152.52 mg/kg ), zinc (35.71 mg/kg), and manganese (102.10 mg/kg). Mo also contains other minerals such as chromium (4.76 mg/kg), bromine (4.82 mg/kg), cobalt (0.16 mg/kg), and aluminium (150.40 mg/kg) in addition to other element. Compared with the results of existing studies, it shows that mineral composition in Mo leaves varies depending on the location where the plant is grown. (author)

Use of thermodynamic calculation to predict the effect of Si on the ageing behavior of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ji, Yanli; Zhong, Hao; Hu, Ping; Guo, Fuan

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → Thermodynamic calculation can predict the ageing behavior of 6xxx alloys. → The hardness level of the alloys depends on the Si content in as-quenched matrix. → The precipitation strengthening effect depends on the Mg 2 Si level of the alloys. -- Abstract: Thermodynamic calculation was employed to predict the influence of Si content on the ageing behavior of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys. In addition, experiments were carried out to verify the predictions. The results show that thermodynamic calculation can predict the effect of Si content on the ageing behavior of the studied alloys. This study further proposes that the hardness level of alloys during ageing is directly related to the Si content in the as-quenched supersaturated solution, while the precipitation strengthening effect is directly related to the Mg 2 Si level of the alloys.

The magnesium content in jaws and teeth of rats with experimental caries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Djulgerova, E.; Bakyrdshiev, P.; Kuleff, I.; Apostolov, D.

1983-01-01

The content of Mg is determined in the teeth and maxillary bones of rats by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The rats are fed with carbohydrate diet to which MgCl 2 , NaF and methylene blue are added. An opposite influence of F ions and methylene blue on magnesium content in bones and teeth is found, while both additives reduce the caries. (author)

PHENIX results on jets in d + Au

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hanks, J. Ali

2016-12-15

We present recently published results [A. Adare, et al., (arXiv:1509.04657)] on fully reconstructed R=0.3 anti-k{sub t} jets measured in p+p and d+Au collisions at 200 GeV center-of-mass energy. The jet yields for four centrality classes along with the p+p reference are presented, as well as both the minimum bias R{sub dAu} and centrality dependent R{sub dAu} and R{sub CP}. We find that while the minimum bias R{sub dA} is consistent with unity, providing a strong constraint on models including cold-nuclear-matter effects or energy loss in small systems, the centrality dependent R{sub dAu} show a striking variation which presents a challenge to models attempting to describe the interplay between soft and hard processes in these systems.

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Porous Mg-6 wt.% Zn Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, Yang; Kang, Yijun; Li, Ding; Yu, Kun; Xiao, Tao; Wang, Qiyuan; Deng, Youwen; Fang, Hongjie; Jiang, Dayue; Zhang, Yu

2018-03-01

Porous Mg-based scaffolds have been extensively researched as biodegradable implants due to their attractive biological and excellent mechanical properties. In this study, porous Mg-6 wt.% Zn scaffolds were prepared by powder metallurgy using ammonium bicarbonate particles as space-holder particles. The effects of space-holder particle content on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the Mg-6 wt.% Zn scaffolds were studied. The mean porosity and pore size of the open-cellular scaffolds were within the range 6.7-52.2% and 32.3-384.2 µm, respectively. Slight oxidation was observed at the grain boundaries and on the pore walls. The Mg-6 wt.% Zn scaffolds were shown to possess mechanical properties comparable with those of natural bone and had variable in vitro degradation rates. Increased content of space-holder particles negatively affected the mechanical behavior and corrosion resistance of the Mg-6 wt.% Zn scaffolds, especially when higher than 20%. These results suggest that porous Mg-6 wt.% Zn scaffolds are promising materials for application in bone tissue engineering.

Physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and mineral contents of pineapple genotypes grown in china.

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Xin-Hua; Sun, De-Quan; Wu, Qing-Song; Liu, Sheng-Hui; Sun, Guang-Ming

2014-06-23

The fruit physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and mineral contents of 26 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] genotypes grown in China were measured. The results showed great quantitative differences in the composition of these pineapple genotypes. Sucrose was the dominant sugar in all 26 genotypes, while citric acid was the principal organic acid. Potassium, calcium and magnesium were the major mineral constituents. The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. The two parameters in the predominant cultivars Comte de Paris and Smooth Cayenne were relative low. However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of pineapple was correlated with the contents of phenolics, flavonoids and AsA. The present study provided important information for the further application of those pineapple genotypes.

Enhanced mechanical properties of an Al–Si–Cu–Mg alloy at 300 °C: Effects of Mg and the Q-precipitate phase

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Farkoosh, A.R., E-mail: amir.rezaeifarkoosh@mail.mcgill.ca; Pekguleryuz, M., E-mail: mihriban.pekguleryuz@mcgill.ca

2015-01-05

Strategies to improve the strength of Al–Si alloys at elevated temperatures can follow two routes: (i) improving the age-hardening behavior and/or (ii) producing effective dispersoid strengthening. In this study, the influence of Mg (in the range of 0.3–0.7 wt%) on the precipitation characteristics and mechanical properties of the Al–7Si–0.5Cu–(Mg) alloy was investigated. Thermodynamic calculations were performed via the CALPHAD method which showed that Q-Al{sub 5}Mg{sub 8}Cu{sub 2}Si{sub 6} is the main thermodynamically stable precipitate at 300 °C. The calculations were validated by transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. Increasing the Mg level from 0.3 wt% to the maximum solubility limit of ∼0.5 wt% increased the amount of the Q-Al{sub 5}Mg{sub 8}Cu{sub 2}Si{sub 6} precipitates at 300 °C by ∼60 wt% and significantly improved the tensile strength and creep resistance at the expense of some ductility. Mg in excess of the solubility limit was seen to remain within the microstructure in the form of the large π-Al{sub 8}FeMg{sub 3}Si{sub 6} and β-Mg{sub 2}Si intermetallics after solution treatment at 530 °C. Cracking of the brittle π-Al{sub 8}FeMg{sub 3}Si{sub 6} intermetallics during deformation was accounted for the decreased ductility of the alloys at high Mg levels. It is concluded that the Mg level can be increased to 0.5 wt% in the A–7Si–0.5Cu alloys to improve strength. However, for elevated temperature applications in which both strength and ductility are required (e.g. Diesel engine), modification of the π-Al{sub 8}FeMg{sub 3}Si{sub 6} intermetallics would be required to improve the ductility of the alloys with high Mg contents.

Activation analysis of microelement contents in food stuff of traditional children food in Republics Uzbekistan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rasulov, S.K.

2006-01-01

Full text: Recent years Hematogists and Pediatricians pay more attention to the issue of disturbance of microelement homeostasis which is the most important in formation of microelementosis in children. To prevent and to treat the deficient forms of microelementosis the determination of microelement contents in traditional food of the population in any particular region is an issue of great importance. Provision of school age children with essential microelements and deficiency of many micronutrients are not sufficiently studied. In this aspect the issue of microelement contents in food stuffs of the children of Zarafshan valley is not enough investigated. Therefore, it is advisable to study the specific weight of microelements such as iron, zinc, copper, cobalt and manganese in vegetable and animal products and phytomedium which are consumed as the traditional food of the population of this region. We have studied 47 types of food stuffs mainly of vegetable and animal origin as well as widely used phytomedium. Microelement concentration in food stuffs were defined by neutron-activation analysis method worked out at Nuclear Physics Institute Republic of Uzbekistan. For the first time we have investigated national dishes - sumalak, halisa, shinni which are the essential part of traditional food of Central Asian population and the contents of microelements being studied. As per results of investigation it was found out that the most highest contents of iron was in dried apricot (358 mg/kg), then in black (180 mg/kg) and white (110 mg/kg) raisins. National dish - shinni ( the grapes syrup) contained iron equal to 103 mg/kg, local apple - 100 mg/kg. It should be noted that not only raisins and shinni are rich with iron but the decoction from wild vineyard stalks too which contains 366 mg/l. Moderate iron contents ( 50-100 mg/kg) was found in the following dried fruits: blackberry, haw, bitter and sweet almond, dried fig, and mulberry. Low concentration of iron (less

Characterization of Hf/Mg co-doped ZnO thin films after thermal treatments

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Chih-Hung; Chung, Hantsun [Graduate Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (China); Chen, Jian-Zhang, E-mail: jchen@ntu.edu.tw [Graduate Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (China); Cheng, I-Chun, E-mail: iccheng@ntu.edu.tw [Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (China)

2014-11-03

Rf-sputtered Mg{sub 0.05}Zn{sub 0.95}O thin films become amorphous/nanocrystalline with the addition of hafnium oxide. All films (thickness: ∼ 100 nm) sputter-deposited from Hf{sub x}Mg{sub 0.05}Zn{sub 0.95−x}O targets are highly transparent (> 80%) from 400 to 800 nm. The Tauc bandgap ΔE (eV) increases with the Hf content. However, the bandgap decreases after thermal treatment. The reduction in the bandgap is positively correlated with the Hf content and annealing temperature. The residual stresses of films sputtered from Mg{sub 0.05}Zn{sub 0.95}O and Hf{sub 0.025}Mg{sub 0.05}Zn{sub 0.925}O targets are determined based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) data using a bi-axial stress model. The residual stresses of as-deposited films are compressive. As the annealing temperature increases, the residual stresses are relaxed and even become tensile. The bandgap narrowing after thermal treatment is attributed to the stress relaxation that changes the repulsion between the oxygen 2p and zinc 4s bands. Slight grain growth may also result in bandgap reduction because bandgap modification caused by the quantum confinement effect becomes significant in amorphous/nanocrystalline materials. The amorphous thin films reveal good thermal stability after 600 °C annealing for up to 2 h, as evidenced by the XRD and transmission spectra. - Highlights: • Thin films are sputtered from Hf{sub x}Mg{sub 0.05}Zn{sub 0.95−x}O targets at room temperature. • Bandgap increases with Hf content but decreases with post-annealing temperature. • Bandgap narrowing after annealing partly results from the relaxation of stresses. • Bandgap narrowing partly results from quantum confinement effect by nanomaterials. • Hf doping increases resistivity due to the lattice disorder and enlarged bandgap.

The influence of different matrices on the nature and content of haloacetic acids precursors in ozonized water

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Molnar Jelena J.

2012-01-01

Full Text Available This paper investigates the influence of different matrices (groundwater a realistic natural matrix and commercial humic acid solution a synthetic matrix on the nature and content of haloacetic acid (HAA precursors in ozonized water (0.4 to 3.0 mg O3/mg DOC; pH 6. Natural organic matter (NOM characterization of the natural matrix showed it was largely of hydrophobic character (65% fulvic and 14% humic acids, with the hydrophilic fractions HPIA and HPI-NA at 12% and 9%, respectively. At approximately the same dissolved organic carbon (DOC content of the investigated matrices (~10 mg /L, a greater degree of hydrophobicity was seen in the humic acid solution than in the natural matrix, resulting in a higher content of HAA precursors (559 ± 21 μg/L in the synthetic matrix compared to 309 ± 15 μg/L in the natural matrix. By applying different ozone doses (0.4 to 3.0 mg O3/mg DOC, the DOC content of the studied matrices was reduced by 6-22%, with a maximum process efficacy being achieved with 3.0 mg O3/mg DOC. Ozonation also lead to changes in the NOM structure, i.e. complete oxidation of the humic acid fractions in both investigated matrices. After oxidation, hydrophilic structures dominate the natural water matrix (65%, whereas the synthetic matrix has an equal distribution of hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions (~50%. Changes in the content and structure of NOM during ozonation resulted in the reduction of the total HAA precursors content (63-85%, using 3.0 mg O3/mg DOC. Detailed analysis of the reactivity of the residual HAA precursor materials shows that ozonation using 3.0 mg O3/mg DOC reduced the reactivity of the NOM fractions in comparison to the raw water. By contrast, HAA precursor material present in the commercial HA solution was transformed after ozonation into other reactive compounds, i.e. precursors which originated from the fulvic acid and hydrophilic fractions. The results of the laboratory testing indicate that the

Inorganic synthesis of Fe-Ca-Mg carbonates at low temperature

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Romanek, Christopher S.; Jiménez-López, Concepción; Navarro, Alejandro Rodriguez; Sánchez-Román, Monica; Sahai, Nita; Coleman, Max

2009-01-01

A set of free-drift experiments was undertaken to synthesize carbonates of mixed cation content (Fe, Ca, Mg) from solution at 25 and 70 °C to better understand the relationship between the mineralogy and composition of these phases and the solutions from which they precipitate. Metastable solid

Germanium content in Polish hard coals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Makowska Dorota

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Due to the policy of the European Union, it is necessary to search for new sources of scarce raw materials. One of these materials is germanium, listed as a critical element. This semi-metal is widely used in the electronics industry, for example in the production of semiconductors, fibre optics and solar cells. Coal and fly ash from its combustion and gasification for a long time have been considered as a potential source of many critical elements, particularly germanium. The paper presents the results of germanium content determination in the Polish hard coal. 23 coal samples of various coal ranks were analysed. The samples were collected from 15 mines of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin and from one mine of the Lublin Coal Basin. The determination of germanium content was performed with the use of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Electrothermal Atomization (GFAAS. The investigation showed that germanium content in the analysed samples was at least twice lower than the average content of this element in the hard coals analysed so far and was in the range of 0.08 ÷ 1.28 mg/kg. Moreover, the content of Ge in the ashes from the studied coals does not exceed 15 mg/kg, which is lower than the average value of Ge content in the coal ashes. The highest content of this element characterizes coals of the Lublin Coal Basin and young coals type 31 from the Vistula region. The results indicate a low utility of the analysed coal ashes as a source of the recovery of germanium. On the basis of the analyses, the lack of the relationship between the content of the element and the ash content in the tested coals was noted. For coals of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, the relationship between the content of germanium in the ashes and the depth of the seam was observed.

The Effect of Increasing Sn Content on High-Temperature Mechanical Deformation of an Mg-3%Cu-1%Ca Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Georgios S.E. Antipas

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Chill casting of magnesium alloy samples with secondary alloying elements of Cu, Ca and Sn at % w.t. concentrations in the range 1–5, 0.1–5 and 0.1–3 respectively, gave rise to appreciably enhanced resistance to high-temperature creep, while maintaining good heat conductivity. The latter was considered to be driven by Cu and Mg-Cu intermetallics while it was clear that Sn mediated the high-temperature performance, mainly via networks of Mg2Sn and MgCaSn precipitates along the Mg matrix grain boundaries. It was postulated that Sn formed intermetallics by preferential substitution of Ca atoms and, thus, did not degrade the heat conductivity by retaining Cu. The % w.t. stoichiometry with the optimum combination of heat conductivity and resistance to high-temperature creep was found to be Mg-3Cu-1Ca-0.1Sn.

Influence of bleaching and coloring on ethyl glucuronide content in human hair.

Science.gov (United States)

Petzel-Witt, Silvana; Pogoda, Werner; Wunder, Cora; Paulke, Alexander; Schubert-Zsilavecz, Manfred; Toennes, Stefan W

2018-01-01

Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is increasingly used in forensic toxicology as a marker for alcohol use in analyses of hair samples, especially in abstinence control. Some cosmetic treatments are considered to markedly reduce the EtG content. In view of especially many women with coloured hair the present study was performed to further investigate the effect of a variety of colouring procedures (bleaching, tinting, permanent and semi-permanent dyeing, henna) on the EtG content. Untreated hair samples (n = 12, EtG 13.9-64.7 pg/mg) were re-analyzed (gas chromatography- negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry, 0.8 pg/mg quantification limit) after different treatment procedures. A decrease of the EtG content of at least 10% occurred in every case. The reduction in comparison to the untreated hair was expectedly high for permanent dyeing and bleaching with 18.1% of the initial content (median, range 0.0-50.9%) and 18.4% (0.0-46.7%), respectively. For henna this was 38.3% (0.0-83.0%), for tinting 70.4% (29.0-90.8%), for semi-permanent dyeing 41.9% (0.0-77.4%). With permanent hair dye the EtG content was decreased to below 7 pg/mg in 10 of 12 cases, in 3 cases even below the LOD (0.2 pg/mg). Surprisingly henna treatment without oxidative component had a marked influence, EtG was below 2 pg/mg in 2 of 12 samples. The study showed that all tested coloration procedures markedly affected the deposited EtG content. Even temporary or henna coloration may have a marked effect. The present data support the recommendation to exclude hair samples with colour manipulations for analysis on the EtG content as a precaution in alcohol abstinence programs. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Two-dimensional electron gases in MgZnO/ZnO and ZnO/MgZnO/ZnO heterostructures grown by dual ion beam sputtering

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, Rohit; Arif Khan, Md; Sharma, Pankaj; Than Htay, Myo; Kranti, Abhinav; Mukherjee, Shaibal

2018-04-01

This work reports on the formation of high-density (~1013-1014 cm-2) two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in ZnO-based heterostructures, grown by a dual ion beam sputtering system. We probe 2DEG in bilayer MgZnO/ZnO and capped ZnO/MgZnO/ZnO heterostructures utilizing MgZnO barrier layers with varying thickness and Mg content. The effect of the ZnO cap layer thickness on the ZnO/MgZnO/ZnO heterostructure is also studied. Hall measurements demonstrate that the addition of a 5 nm ZnO cap layer results in an enhancement of the 2DEG density by about 1.5 times compared to 1.11 × 1014 cm-2 for the uncapped bilayer heterostructure with the same 30 nm barrier thickness and 30 at.% Mg composition in the barrier layer. From the low-temperature Hall measurement, the sheet carrier concentration and mobility are both found to be independent of the temperature. The capacitance-voltage measurement suggests a carrier density of ~1020 cm-3, confined in 2DEG at the MgZnO/ZnO heterointerface. The results presented are significant for the optimization of 2DEG for the eventual realization of cost-effective and large-area MgZnO/ZnO-based high-electron-mobility transistors.

The impacts of growth temperature on morphologies, compositions and optical properties of Mg-doped ZnO nanomaterials by chemical vapor deposition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, X.H., E-mail: wangxh@sdju.edu.cn [School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Dianji University, 1201 Jiang Chuan Road, Shanghai 200245 (China); Huang, L.Q.; Niu, L.J.; Li, R.B. [School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Dianji University, 1201 Jiang Chuan Road, Shanghai 200245 (China); Fan, D.H. [Institute of Functional Materials Research, Department of Mathematics and Physics, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020 (China); Zhang, F.B.; Chen, Z.W.; Wang, X.; Guo, Q.X. [Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Synchrotron Light Application Center, Saga University, Saga 840-8502 (Japan)

2015-02-15

Highlights: • Mg-doped ZnO nanomaterials were fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). • Growth temperature determines the characteristics of Zn{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}O nanomaterials. • The modulation of band gap is caused by Mg addition. - Abstract: The Mg-doped ZnO (Zn{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}O) nanomaterials with different morphologies of nanoparticles, partially opened nanowire-on-spherical shells, hemispheric shells and chain-like nanoparticles were synthesized at 750, 850, 900 and 1000 °C by a simple chemical vapor deposition. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements indicate that Mg content increases from 2.87 at.% to 5.01 at.% with the increase of growth temperature from 750 to 1000 °C. The measurement results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that the (0 0 2) peaks of Zn{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}O nanomaterials shift to higher diffraction angle with the increase of Mg content, implying that Mg{sup 2+} is substituted into Zn{sup 2+} site. The absorption spectra at room temperature exhibit that the band gap of the Mg-doped ZnO nanomaterials increases with the Mg concentration, illustrating that the modulation of band gap is caused by Mg addition. The PL measurements show that UV peak from Zn{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}O nanomaterials is shifted towards lower wavelength side (blue shift) from 381 nm to 372 nm with the increase of the Mg dopant content. The room-temperature Raman spectra show that the crystal quality of the Zn{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}O nanomaterials is improved with the increase of growth temperature, and the Mg dopants do not decrease the crystal quality of ZnO nanomaterials.

The effects of Mg addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of thixoformed Al–5%Si–Cu alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salleh, M.S.; Omar, M.Z.; Syarif, J.

2015-01-01

Highlights: • The average globule size of α-Al decreased when Mg amount is increased. • T6 heat treatment has increased the strength of the thixoformed alloys. • The elongation after T6 heat treatment is even significantly improved. • Thixoformed alloy with high Mg content shows a brittle type fracture. • Thixoformed alloy in T6 condition shows a ductile type fracture. - Abstract: In this study, the effects of different amounts of magnesium (Mg) on the microstructures and tensile properties of thixoformed Al–5%Si–Cu alloys were investigated. Three different alloys containing various amounts of Mg (0.5, 0.8 and 1.2 wt%) were prepared through the cooling slope casting technique, before they were thixoformed using a compression press. Several of the thixoformed samples were then treated with a T6 heat treatment, that is, solution treatment at 525 °C for 8 h, quenching in warm water at 60 °C, followed by aging at 155 °C for 4 h. All of the samples were then characterised by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis as well as by tensile tests. The results revealed that magnesium was able to refine the size of α-Al globules and the eutectic silicon in the samples. It was also observed that a compact π-Al 9 FeMg 3 Si 5 phase was formed when the magnesium content was 0.8 wt% and 1.2 wt%. The mechanical properties of the thixoformed alloys improved significantly after the T6 heat treatment. The highest attainment was recorded by the latter alloy (i.e. with 1.2 wt%Mg) with its ultimate tensile strength (UTS) as high as 306 MPa, yield strength (YS), 264 MPa, and elongation to fracture of 1.8%. The fracture of thixoformed alloy with a low Mg content (0.5 wt%) showed a combination of dimple and cleavage fracture, whereas in the alloy that contained the highest Mg content (1.2 wt%), cleavage fracture was observed

Catalytic properties of pure and K{sup +}-doped Cu O/Mg O system towards 2-propanol conversion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

El-Molla, S. A.; Amin, N. H.; Hammed, M. N.; Sultan, S. N. [Ain Shams University, Faculty of Education, Chemistry Department, Roxy, Heliopolis, Cairo 11757 (Egypt); El-Shobaky, G. A., E-mail: saharelmolla@yahoo.com [National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo (Egypt)

2013-08-01

Cu O/Mg O system having different compositions was prepared by impregnation method followed by calcination at 400-900 C. The effect of Cu O content, calcination temperature and doping with small amounts of K{sup +} species (1-3 mol %) on physicochemical, surface and catalytic properties of the system were investigated using X-ray diffraction, adsorption of N{sub 2} at - 196 C, and conversion of isopropyl alcohol at 150-400 C using a flow technique. The results revealed that the solids having the formulae 0.2 and 0.3 Cu O/Mg O calcined at 400 C consisted of nano sized Mg O and Cu O as major phases together with Cu{sub 2}O as minor phase. The Bet-surface areas of different absorbents are decreased by increasing Cu O content, calcination temperature and K{sup +}-doping. Mg O-support material showed very small catalytic activity in 2-propanol conversion. The investigated system behaved as selective catalyst for dehydrogenation of 2-propanol with selectivity >80%. The catalytic activity increased by increasing Cu O content and decreased by increasing the calcination temperature within 400-900 C. K{sup +}-doping increased the catalytic activity and catalytic durability. (Author)

Band gap tuning of ZnO nanoparticles via Mg doping by femtosecond laser ablation in liquid environment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chelnokov, E.; Rivoal, M.; Colignon, Y.; Gachet, D.; Bekere, L.; Thibaudau, F.; Giorgio, S.; Khodorkovsky, V.; Marine, W.

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► Femtosecond laser ablation synthesis of Mg doped ZnO nanoparticles. ► Electronic properties of ZnO are modified by Mg. ► Band gap and exciton energy shifts to the blue. ► The exciton energy shift is saturated at Mg content of about 20%. ► Phase separation at Mg content is at more than 25%. ► Mechanism of exciton pinning – recombination via new surface states. - Abstract: We use multiphoton IR femtosecond laser ablation to induce non-thermal non-equilibrium conditions of the nanoparticle growth in liquids. Modifications of the electronic properties of ZnO NP were achieved by Mg ion doping of targets prepared from mixtures of Zn and Mg acetylacetonates. The nanoparticle sizes were 3–20 nm depending on the ablation conditions. X-ray fluorescence indicates that stoichiometric ablation and incorporation of Mg in nanocrystalline ZnO occurs. HRTEM observations show that nanoparticles retain their wurtzite structure, while at high Mg concentrations we detect the MgO rich domains. Exciton emissions exhibit relatively narrow bands with progressive and controlled blue shifts up to 184 meV. The exciton energy correlates to band edge absorption indicating strong modification of the NP band gaps. Stabilisation of the exciton blue shift is observed at high Mg concentration. It is accompanied by the formation of structure defects and ZnO/MgO phase separation within the nanoparticles.

The charge transfer induced by Cr doping in MgB2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Huarong; Zhao Jiyin; Shi Lei

2005-01-01

Mg 1-x Cr x B 2 polycrystal bulk samples with 0 x 5% have been synthesized by a solid-state reaction and studied by X-ray diffraction, SEM and Raman spectrum. It is found that the c-axis of the lattice decreases as the Cr content increases, while the a-axis remains unchanged. Moreover, crystal grain size increases apparently with Cr doping concentration increase. The normal-state resistivity increases and the superconducting transition temperature (T c ) decreases from 38.2 K (x = 0) to 35.1 K (x 0.03) with the increase of Cr content. It is suggested that the charge transfer between the Mg-layer and the B-layer causes the decrease of the charge carrier concentration and induces the changes of T c and normal-state resistivity. On the other hand, by the Raman scattering study, it is found that the linewidth of Raman spectrum increases with the increase of Cr content, which is resulted by the competition between the electron-phonon interaction and substitution-induced disorder. The Raman peak has no evident shift due to the countervailing between the effects of the electron-phonon coupling and the grain size

Comparative total phenolic content, anti-lipase and antioxidant ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Total phenol values are expressed in terms of Gallic acid equivalent (w/w of dry mass). Aframomum melegueta exhibited the highest phenolic content of 60.4 ± 2.36 mgGAE/g, a percentage antioxidant activity of 86.6 % at 200μg/ml and percentage lipase inhibition of 89% at 1mg/ml while Aframomum danielli revealed a total ...

High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) Mg-Zn-Ca Alloys with Excellent Biodegradation Performance

Science.gov (United States)

Hofstetter, J.; Becker, M.; Martinelli, E.; Weinberg, A. M.; Mingler, B.; Kilian, H.; Pogatscher, S.; Uggowitzer, P. J.; Löffler, J. F.

2014-04-01

This article deals with the development of fine-grained high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) magnesium alloys intended for use as biodegradable implant material. The alloys contain solely low amounts of Zn and Ca as alloying elements. We illustrate the development path starting from the high-Zn-containing ZX50 (MgZn5Ca0.25) alloy with conventional purity, to an ultrahigh-purity ZX50 modification, and further to the ultrahigh-purity Zn-lean alloy ZX10 (MgZn1Ca0.3). It is shown that alloys with high Zn-content are prone to biocorrosion in various environments, most probably because of the presence of the intermetallic phase Mg6Zn3Ca2. A reduction of the Zn content results in (Mg,Zn)2Ca phase formation. This phase is less noble than the Mg-matrix and therefore, in contrast to Mg6Zn3Ca2, does not act as cathodic site. A fine-grained microstructure is achieved by the controlled formation of fine and homogeneously distributed (Mg,Zn)2Ca precipitates, which influence dynamic recrystallization and grain growth during hot forming. Such design scheme is comparable to that of HSLA steels, where low amounts of alloying elements are intended to produce a very fine dispersion of particles to increase the material's strength by refining the grain size. Consequently our new, ultrapure ZX10 alloy exhibits high strength (yield strength R p = 240 MPa, ultimate tensile strength R m = 255 MPa) and simultaneously high ductility (elongation to fracture A = 27%), as well as low mechanical anisotropy. Because of the anodic nature of the (Mg,Zn)2Ca particles used in the HSLA concept, the in vivo degradation in a rat femur implantation study is very slow and homogeneous without clinically observable hydrogen evolution, making the ZX10 alloy a promising material for biodegradable implants.

Refinement of Mg{sub 2}Si reinforcement in a commercial Al–20%Mg{sub 2}Si in-situ composite with bismuth, antimony and strontium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nordin, Nur Azmah; Farahany, Saeed, E-mail: saeedfarahany@gmail.com; Ourdjini, Ali; Abu Bakar, Tuty Asma; Hamzah, Esah

2013-12-15

Refinement by addition elements of Al–Mg{sub 2}Si alloys is known to result in a change of primary Mg{sub 2}Si morphology. In this paper, the effects of Bi, Sb and Sr on the characteristic parameters of Al–20%Mg{sub 2}Si in-situ composite have been investigated by computer aided cooling curve thermal analysis and microstructural inspection. Size, density and aspect ratio measurements showed that additions of 0.4 wt.% Bi, 0.8 wt.% Sb and 0.01 wt.% Sr refined the Mg{sub 2}Si reinforcement. Exceeding these concentrations, however, resulted in coarsening of Mg{sub 2}Si particles with no change in the morphology. The results also showed that addition elements caused a decrease in the nucleation and growth temperatures of Mg{sub 2}Si particles. The refining effect of Bi, Sb and Sr is likely to be related to the effect of oxide bifilms suspended in the composite melt as favored nucleation substrates for Mg{sub 2}Si particles. - Highlight: • 0.4 wt.%, 0.8 wt.% and 0.01 wt.% is the optimum content for Bi, Sb and Sr addition. • Exceeding optimum concentration resulted in the coarsening of reinforcements. • Nucleation and growth temperatures decrease with addition of Bi, Sb and Sr. • The refining effect of Bi, Sb and Sr is likely to be related to the oxide bifilms.

Design Development of Sprinkler Irrigation System To Protect The Failed Harvest of Citrus “Keprok 55” In Dry Season at Selorejo, Dau, Malang

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bambang Suharto

2016-07-01

Full Text Available This study is a part of ongoing research to mainstay citrus productivity in Malang region. Therefore, the specific aim of this study is developing the design of sprinkle irrigation in field. Selorejois central location of citrus production called “KEPROK 55” in Dau-Malang. The cultivation requires maintenance of soil and plants, in addition the lower of citrus production especially in dry season thus indispensable an effort to increase the production. Application of technology using sprinkle irrigation is expected to create the increasing of Citrus production. Result on research study show that the coefficient of uniformity tends to have same value on all the treatment that is above 98%, where the average value of the coefficient of uniformity was 98.8%. The highest value of the coefficient of uniformity achieved at combination of treatment P1T1 (pressure of 1 bar with a riser pipe 50 cm height that is equal to 99.78%. While the coefficient of uniformity was lowest at the combination of treatment P2T3 (pressure of 1.5 bar with a riser pipe 150 cm height by 96.6%. The pressure effected to the coefficient of uniformity indicates that the greater pressure exerted, then the coefficient of uniformity will be higher. It indicated at the treatment of pressure P1, P2, and P3 (1 bar, 1.5 bar and 2 bar that have the average coefficient of uniformity of 98.53%, 98.27%, and 99.64%.

Wild leafy vegetables consumed in Buhera District of Zimbabwe and their phenolic compounds content.

Science.gov (United States)

Chipurura, Batsirai; Muchuweti, Maud; Kasiyamhuru, Abisha

2013-01-01

A questionnaire was used to gather information on the wild leafy vegetables consumed. The phenolic concentrations were determined by the vanillin, butanol, and tannin binding assays. Seventy-nine traditional vegetables were mentioned by the respondents and 20 of these were classified according to their species. The contents of flavonoids varied from 1.2 mg/g for Cleome gynandra to 8.0 mg/g for Bidens pilosa. The levels of proanthocyanidins ranged from 1.9 mg/g for lettuce to 11.2 mg/g for Bidens pilosa. The tannin contents of the vegetables ranged from 5.7 mg/g for Cleome gynandra to 8.3 mg/g for Bidens pilosa. The present study showed that these vegetables are valuable sources of phenolic compounds as compared to some exotic species.

Learning Asset Technology Integration Support Tool Design Document

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-11

language known as Hypertext Preprocessor ( PHP ) and by MySQL – a relational database management system that can also be used for content management. It...Requirements The LATIST tool will be implemented utilizing a WordPress platform with MySQL as the database. Also the LATIST system must effectively work... MySQL . When designing the LATIST system there are several considerations which must be accounted for in the working prototype. These include: • DAU

Effects of Be, Sr, Fe and Mg interactions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum based aeronautical alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Ibrahim, Mohamed Fawzy

The present work was carried out on a series of heat-treatable aluminum-based aeronautical alloys containing various amounts of magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), strontium (Sr) and beryllium (Be). Tensile test bars (dendrite arm spacing ~ 24mum) were solutionized for either 5 or 12 hours at 540°C, followed by quenching in warm water (60°C). Subsequently, these quenched samples were aged at 160°C for times up to 12 hours. Microstructural assessment was performed. All heat-treated samples were pulled to fracture at room temperature using a servo-hydraulic tensile testing machine. The results show that Be causes partial modification of the eutectic silicon (Si) particles similar to that reported for Mg addition. Addition of 0.8 wt.% Mg reduced the eutectic temperature by ~10°C. During solidification of alloys containing high levels of Fe and Mg, without Sr, a peak corresponding to the formation of a Be-Fe phase (Al8Fe2BeSi) was detected at 611°C. The Be-Fe phase precipitates in a script-like morphology. A new quinary eutectic-like reaction was observed to take place near the end of solidification of high Mg, high Fe, Be-containing alloys. This new reaction is composed mainly of fine particles of Si, Mg2Si, pi-Al 8Mg3FeSi6 and (Be-Fe) phases. The volume fraction of this reaction decreased with the addition of Sr. The addition of Be has a noticeable effect on decreasing the beta-phase length, or volume fraction, this effect may be limited by adding Sr. Beryllium addition also results in the precipitation of the beta-phase in a nodular form, which reduces the harmful effects of these intermetallics on the alloy mechanical properties. Increasing both Mg and Fe levels led to an increase in the amount of the pi-phase; increasing the iron content led to an increase in the volume fraction of the partially soluble beta- and pi-phases, while Mg2Si particles were completely dissolved. The beta-phase platelets were observed to undergo changes in their morphology due to the

Caffeine content of decaffeinated coffee.

Science.gov (United States)

McCusker, Rachel R; Fuehrlein, Brian; Goldberger, Bruce A; Gold, Mark S; Cone, Edward J

2006-10-01

Caffeine is the most widely consumed drug in the world with coffee representing a major source of intake. Despite widespread availability, various medical conditions necessitate caffeine-restricted diets. Patients on certain prescription medications are advised to discontinue caffeine intake. Such admonition has implications for certain psychiatric patients because of pharmacokinetic interactions between caffeine and certain anti-anxiety drugs. In an effort to abstain from caffeine, patients may substitute decaffeinated for caffeinated coffee. However, decaffeinated beverages are known to contain caffeine in varying amounts. The present study determined the caffeine content in a variety of decaffeinated coffee drinks. In phase 1 of the study, 10 decaffeinated samples were collected from different coffee establishments. In phase 2 of the study, Starbucks espresso decaffeinated (N=6) and Starbucks brewed decaffeinated coffee (N=6) samples were collected from the same outlet to evaluate variability of caffeine content of the same drink. The 10 decaffeinated coffee samples from different outlets contained caffeine in the range of 0-13.9 mg/16-oz serving. The caffeine content for the Starbucks espresso and the Starbucks brewed samples collected from the same outlet were 3.0-15.8 mg/shot and 12.0-13.4 mg/16-oz serving, respectively. Patients vulnerable to caffeine effects should be advised that caffeine may be present in coffees purported to be decaffeinated. Further research is warranted on the potential deleterious effects of consumption of "decaffeinated" coffee that contains caffeine on caffeine-restricted patients. Additionally, further exploration is merited for the possible physical dependence potential of low doses of caffeine such as those concentrations found in decaffeinated coffee.

Selenium content of mushrooms.

Science.gov (United States)

Stijve, T

1977-07-29

The selenium contents of 83 species of wild mushrooms were determined by oxygen combustion of the sample, followed by conversion of selenite to bromopiazselenol and final estimation by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography. Selenium concentration were found to range from 0.012-20.0 mg/kg dry weight. Selenium content was species-dependent. High concentrations were found in Agaricaceae and in certain Boletaceae of the genus Tubiporus, whereas in Russulaceae, Amanitaceae and Cantharellaceae selenium-rich species were absent or rare. Ascomycetes and all mushrooms growing on wood had a very low selenium content. The highest selenium concentrations (up to 20 ppm) were found in Boletus (Tubiporus) edulis, a most popular edible mushroom. Analyses of various parts of carpophores of B. edulis, Suillus luteus and Amanita muscaria indicate that in all three species the stalk contains less selenium than the fleshy part of the cap. In Boletus and Suillus the highest selenium content was found in the tubes.

Gamma rays induced mutation for low phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor content in soybean

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gupta, S.K.; Manjaya, J.G.

2017-01-01

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is an important source of vegetable protein and is used as a food, feed and health supplement. However, consumption of soybean as food is limited because of the presence of many anti-nutritional factors. Trypsin inhibitors and phytic acid are two major anti-nutritional factors present in soybean that need to be removed for increasing the soybean consumption as food. Trypsin inhibitor is known to inhibit the trypsin/chymotrpsin activity and phytic acid reduces the bioavailability of essential micronutrients in digestive tract, resulting in adverse effect on health. Therefore, developing soybean cultivars having low trypsin inhibitors and phytic acid content is highly desirable. Soybean cultivar JS 93-05 was irradiated with 250 Gy gamma rays to induce mutation for various morphological and biochemical characters. A large number of mutants with altered morphological characters were identified. Ninety true breeding mutant lines in M6 generation were screened for trypsin inhibitor and phytic acid content. The phytic acid content was estimated using modified colorimetric method and trypsin inhibitor concentration was estimated using BAPNA as substrate in colorimetric method. The phytic acid content in the mutants varied from 7.59 to 24.14 mg g -1 . Two mutants lines TSG - 62 (7.59 mg g -1 ) and TSG - 66 (9.62 mg g -1 ) showed significant low phytic acid content as compared to the parent JS 93-05 (20.19 mg g -1 ). The trypsin inhibitor concentration in the mutants varied from 19.92 to 53.64 TIU mg -1 and one mutant line (TSG -14) was found with the lowest trypsin inhibitor concentration of 19.92 TIU mg -1 compared to parent JS 93-05 (50.90 TIU mg -1 ). The mutant lines identified in this study will serve as important genetic resources for developing low phytic acid and low trypsin inhibitor cultivars in soybean. (author)

Variations of arsenic species content in edible Boletus badius growing at polluted sites over four years.

Science.gov (United States)

Mleczek, Mirosław; Niedzielski, Przemysław; Rzymski, Piotr; Siwulski, Marek; Gąsecka, Monika; Kozak, Lidia

2016-07-02

The content of arsenic (As) in mushrooms can vary depending on the concentration level of this metalloid in the soil/substrate. The present study evaluated the content of arsenic in Boletus badius fruiting bodies collected from polluted and non-polluted sites in relation to the content of this element in overgrown substrate. It was found that mushrooms from the arsenic-polluted sites contained mean concentrations from 49 to 450 mg As kg(-1) dry matter (d.m.), with the greatest content found for specimens growing in close proximity of sludge deposits (490±20 mg As kg(-1)d.m.). The mean content of total arsenic in mushrooms from clean sites ranged from 0.03 to 0.37 mg kg(-1) It was found that B. badius could tolerate arsenic in soil substrate at concentrations of up to 2500 mg kg(-1), at least. In different years of investigation, shifts in particular arsenic forms, as well as a general increase in the accumulation of organic arsenic content, were observed. The results of this study clearly indicate that B. badius should not be collected for culinary purposes from any sites that may be affected by pollution.

A Comparative Analysis of Nutrients and Mineral Elements Content ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

(Mg), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) content, while P. pedicellatum has high ... INTRODUCTION ... central to animal production and productivity. .... for growth and serve as structural element in all plant ... the animal's body, it ensured correct maintenance of ... Ash content because Ash is the approximation of total.

Sputter-deposited Mg-Al-O thin films: linking molecular dynamics simulations to experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Georgieva, V; Bogaerts, A; Saraiva, M; Depla, D; Jehanathan, N; Lebelev, O I

2009-01-01

Using a molecular dynamics model the crystallinity of Mg x Al y O z thin films with a variation in the stoichiometry of the thin film is studied at operating conditions similar to the experimental operating conditions of a dual magnetron sputter deposition system. The films are deposited on a crystalline or amorphous substrate. The Mg metal content in the film ranged from 100% (i.e. MgO film) to 0% (i.e. Al 2 O 3 film). The radial distribution function and density of the films are calculated. The results are compared with x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses of experimentally deposited thin films by the dual magnetron reactive sputtering process. Both simulation and experimental results show that the structure of the Mg-Al-O film varies from crystalline to amorphous when the Mg concentration decreases. It seems that the crystalline Mg-Al-O films have a MgO structure with Al atoms in between.

Quantitative Analysis of Mg in Pipeline Dirt Based on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Shaolong; Wang Yangen; Chen Shanjun; Chen Qi

2015-01-01

In order to maintain the pipeline better and remove the dirt more effectively, it was necessary to analyze the contents of elements in dirt. Mg in soil outside of the pipe and the dirt inside of the pipe was quantitatively analyzed and compared by using the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Firstly, Mg was quantitatively analyzed on the basis of Mg I 285.213 nm by calibration curve for integrated intensity and peak intensity of the spectrum before and after subtracting noise, respectively. Then calibration curves on the basis of Mg II 279.553 nm and Mg II 280.270 nm were analyzed. The results indicated that it is better to use integrated intensity after subtracting noise of the spectrum line with high relative intensity to make the calibration curve. (paper)

Delayed surgical repair of posttraumatic posterior urethral distraction defects in children and adolescents: long-term results.

Science.gov (United States)

Podesta, Miguel; Podesta, Miguel

2015-04-01

Various surgical techniques have been proposed to treat pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects (PFUDDs) in children (Figure): primary alignment of the acute transected urethra, substitution procedures and delayed anastomosis urethroplasties (DAU) by perineal, elaborated perineal, transpubic or perineo-abdominal/partial transpubic access. However, long-term follow-up of surgical correction for PFUDDS with DAU is infrequently reported in the literature. Long-term efficacy of DAU in children and adolescents with PFUDDs was evaluated. Other surgical methods used to accomplish tension-free DAU were also described. We reviewed records of 49 male children aged 3.5-17.5 years (median 9.6) with PFUDDS who underwent DAU from 1980 to 2006. Median PFUDDs length was 3 cm (range 2-6). Six patients had prior failed treatments: anastomotic urethroplasties (5) and internal urethrotomy (1). Surgical access was transperineal in 28 cases and perineal/partial pubectomy in 21. Urethral rerouting was performed in 8 cases. Median follow-up was 6.5 years (range 5-22). On review median PFUDDS length in patients treated with primary cystostomy was 3 cm compared to those initially managed with urethral alignment (4 cm). Five patients treated with perineal DAU developed recurrent strictures at the anastomosis site, successfully managed with additional perineal/partial pubectomy anastomosis (4 cases) and internal urethrotomy (1). Primary and overall success rate was 89, 7% and 100%, respectively. Urinary incontinence occurred in 9 cases. Two had overflow incontinence and performed self-catheterization; 1 developed sphincter incontinence and required AUS placement, while 4 of 6 cases with mild stress incontinence achieved dryness at pubertal age. Retrospectively, associated bladder neck lesions at trauma time were noted in 5 patients. Three patients with erectile dysfunction before DAU remained impotent. In children, several factors make management of PFUDDs more difficult than in adults

Mineral content in some Cameroonian household foods eaten in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

STORAGESEVER

2008-09-03

Sep 3, 2008 ... Their zinc, copper, manganese and iron contents were between 0.49 ± 0.06 and. 12.08 ± 0.83 mg/100 g, ... garlic, beef meat, pepper, spices. 11) Corn meal with .... 0.49 ± 0.06 to 12.08 ± 0.83 mg/100g in green cooked banana ...

Determination of soluble protein contents from RVNRL

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wan Manshol Wan Zin; Nurulhuda Othman

1996-01-01

This project was carried out to determine the soluble protein contents on RVNRL film vulcanisates, with respect to the RVNRL storage time, gamma irradiation dose absorbed by the latex and the effect of different leaching time and leaching conditions. These three factors are important in the hope to determine the best possible mean of minimizing the soluble protein contents in products made from RVNRL. Within the nine months storage period employed in the study, the results show that, the longer the storage period the less the soluble protein extracted from the film samples. Gamma irradiation dose absorbed by the samples, between 5.3 kGy to 25.2 kGy seems to influence the soluble protein contents of the RVNRL films vulcanisates. The higher the dose the more was the soluble protein extracted from the film samples. At an absorbed dose of 5.3 kGy and 25.2 kGy, the soluble contents were 0. 198 mg/ml and 0.247 mg/ml respectively. At a fixed leaching temperature, the soluble proteins increases with leaching time and at a fixed leaching time, the soluble proteins increases with leaching temperature. ne highest extractable protein contents was determined at a leaching time of 10 minutes and leaching temperature of 90'C The protein analysis were done by using Modified Lowry Method

Discharge behaviour of Mg-Al-Pb and Mg-Al-Pb-In alloys as anodes for Mg-air battery

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Naiguang; Wang, Richu; Peng, Chaoqun; Peng, Bing; Feng, Yan; Hu, Chengwang

2014-01-01

Highlights: • We investigate the effect of indium on the discharge behaviour of Mg-Al-Pb alloy. • We evaluate the performance of Mg-air batteries with Mg-Al-Pb and Mg-Al-Pb-In anodes. • We analyze the activation mechanism of Mg-Al-Pb-In alloy in the discharge process. - Abstract: The discharge behaviour of Mg-Al-Pb and Mg-Al-Pb-In alloys in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution is investigated by electrochemical techniques, and compared with that of pure magnesium. The results show that Mg-Al-Pb-In alloy provides a more negative potential and exhibits a higher utilization efficiency in contrast with Mg-Al-Pb alloy and pure magnesium during the half-cell test at a large current density, and gives desirable discharge performance when used as anode for Mg- air battery. The peak power density of the Mg-air battery with Mg-Al-Pb-In anode is 94.5 mW cm −2 , which is comparable with those of Mg-H 2 O 2 semi-fuel batteries. Moreover, the activation mechanism of Mg-Al-Pb-In alloy during the discharge process is also analyzed

Trends in Sodium Content of Menu Items in Large Chain Restaurants in the U.S.

Science.gov (United States)

Wolfson, Julia A; Moran, Alyssa J; Jarlenski, Marian P; Bleich, Sara N

2018-01-01

Consuming too much sodium is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, and restaurant foods are a primary source of sodium. This study assessed recent trends in sodium content of menu items in U.S. chain restaurants. Data from 21,557 menu items in 66 top-earning chain restaurants available from 2012 to 2016 were obtained from the MenuStat project and analyzed in 2017. Generalized linear models were used to examine changes in calorie-adjusted, per-item sodium content of menu items offered in all years (2012-2016) and items offered in 2012 only compared with items newly introduced in 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016. Overall, calorie-adjusted sodium content in newly introduced menu items declined by 104 mg from 2012 to 2016 (prestaurant type; sodium content, particularly for main course items, was high. Sodium declined by 83 mg in fast food restaurants, 19 mg in fast casual restaurants, and 163 mg in full service restaurants. Sodium in appetizer and side items newly introduced in 2016 increased by 266 mg compared with items on the menu in 2012 only (prestaurants. However, sodium content of core and new menu items remain high, and reductions are inconsistent across menu categories and restaurant types. Copyright © 2018 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of soluble oxalates content in infusions of different kinds of tea and coffee available on the Polish market.

Science.gov (United States)

Rusinek, Elzbieta

2012-01-01

Tea and coffee are the potentially rich source of oxalic acid, which can act as a antinutrient. The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the content of soluble oxalates in teas and coffees available on the Polish market. The green, red and black teas, and black natural ground and instant coffees were used for preparing the infusions. The manganometric method was used for the determination of the oxalates in the infusions. The mean oxalates content in the infusions from 3 g of black teas was 115.68 mg/100 cm3 and was higher as compared to red teas (101.91 mg/100 cm3) and green teas (87.64 mg/100 cm3). Disregarding the variety of analyzed teas, the largest oxalates content was in infusions of pure one-component tea--"Sir Roger" (164.82-174.22 mg/100 cm3), while the lowest oxalates content was noted in the tea containing the components from other plants ("Bio-Active" with grapefruit juice--reaching as low level as 39.00 mg/100 cm3). Instant coffees contained larger amount of oxalates than natural ground coffees. Irrespective of the kind of the tested coffees, the lowest oxalates content was found in the infusions from the following coffees: Tchibo Exclusive--19.62 mg/100 cm3, Gala ulubiona--37.32 mg/100 cm3, and Maxwell House--38.40 mg/100 cm3, while the highest oxalates content in instant coffee--Nescafe Espiro 51.80 mg/100 cm3. The results revealed a significant relation between phytochemical composition of analyzed teas and coffees and the level of soluble oxalates in infusions prepared from the tested products.

Biodegradation Resistance and Bioactivity of Hydroxyapatite Enhanced Mg-Zn Composites via Selective Laser Melting.

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Shuai, Cijun; Zhou, Yuanzhuo; Yang, Youwen; Feng, Pei; Liu, Long; He, Chongxian; Zhao, Mingchun; Yang, Sheng; Gao, Chengde; Wu, Ping

2017-03-17

Mg-Zn alloys have attracted great attention as implant biomaterials due to their biodegradability and biomechanical compatibility. However, their clinical application was limited due to the too rapid degradation. In the study, hydroxyapatite (HA) was incorporated into Mg-Zn alloy via selective laser melting. Results showed that the degradation rate slowed down due to the decrease of grain size and the formation of protective layer of bone-like apatite. Moreover, the grain size continually decreased with increasing HA content, which was attributed to the heterogeneous nucleation and increased number of nucleation particles in the process of solidification. At the same time, the amount of bone-like apatite increased because HA could provide favorable areas for apatite nucleation. Besides, HA also enhanced the hardness due to the fine grain strengthening and second phase strengthening. However, some pores occurred owing to the agglomerate of HA when its content was excessive, which decreased the biodegradation resistance. These results demonstrated that the Mg-Zn/HA composites were potential implant biomaterials.

The effect of the MgO buffer layer thickness on magnetic anisotropy in MgO/Fe/Cr/MgO buffer/MgO(001)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kozioł-Rachwał, Anna, E-mail: a.koziolrachwal@aist.go.jp [National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Spintronics Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 (Japan); AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków (Poland); Nozaki, Takayuki; Zayets, Vadym; Kubota, Hitoshi; Fukushima, Akio; Yuasa, Shinji [National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Spintronics Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 (Japan); Suzuki, Yoshishige [National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Spintronics Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 (Japan); Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 (Japan)

2016-08-28

The relationship between the magnetic properties and MgO buffer layer thickness d was studied in epitaxial MgO/Fe(t)/Cr/MgO(d) layers grown on MgO(001) substrate in which the Fe thickness t ranged from 0.4 nm to 1.1 nm. For 0.4 nm ≤ t ≤ 0.7 nm, a non-monotonic coercivity dependence on the MgO buffer thickness was shown by perpendicular magneto-optic Kerr effect magnetometry. For thicker Fe films, an increase in the buffer layer thickness resulted in a spin reorientation transition from perpendicular to the in-plane magnetization direction. Possible origins of these unusual behaviors were discussed in terms of the suppression of carbon contamination at the Fe surface and changes in the magnetoelastic anisotropy in the system. These results illustrate a method to control magnetic anisotropy in MgO/Fe/Cr/MgO(d) via an appropriate choice of MgO buffer layer thickness d.

Synthesized of PEG-6000 coated MgFe2O4 nanoparticles based on natural iron sand by co-precipitation method

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Setiadi, E. A.; Simbolon, S.; Saputra, A. S. P.; Marlianto, E.; Djuhana; Kurniawan, C.; Yunus, M.; Sebayang, P.

2018-02-01

The polymer coated Magnesium Ferrite nanoparticles (MgFe2O4) based on natural iron sand, Mg(CH3COO)2.4H2O, and PEG-6000 have been successfully prepared by co-precipitation method. The mass variation of PEG-6000 content was from 0 to 12 gram. It was prepared at synthesize temperature of 70°C. The PEG coating reduced the effect of agglomeration, so the coercivity value can be closed to soft magnets. The nanoparticle of synthesized has MgFe2O4 single phase and cubic spinel structure. The bonding of MgFe2O4 and PEG-6000 as a coating material was confirmed by FTIR curve. The MgFe2O4 density decreased with the increasing of PEG 6000 content. On the other hand, the coercivity value was slightly reduced as the addition of PEG-6000, with the lowest value was obtained on 8 gram PEG content. The optimum condition is obtained at addition of 8 gram PEG 6000 to MgFe2O4, with coercivity, saturation, and remanence are 198.41 Oe, 52.53 emu/g, and 8.51 emu/g, respectively. So that, the sample is widely used as absorbance material of heavy metal.

The effect of CNT content and sintering temperature on some properties of CNT-reinforced MgAl composites

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Islak Serkan

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Magnesium and its alloys are considered as an important material for modern light structures at the present time and therefore they have a wide area of usage especially in electronics, aircraft, and automotive industries. Its popularity increases further as a result of its production as a composite material. In this study, carbon nanotube (CNT reinforced MgAl matrix composite materials were produced by using the hot pressing method. While 0.25 wt%, 0.50 wt%, 0.75 wt%, and 1.00 wt% CNT were added, 450°C, 500°C, and 550°C was selected as sintering temperatures. The effect of sintering temperature and amount of CNT on some properties of the composites was examined. Microstructure and phase composition of the materials were examined by using optical microscopy (OM, scanning electron microscope (SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS. The hardness of the composites was measured in Brinell. Relative densities of the materials were determined in accordance with Archimedes’ principle. A dense and slightly porous structure was obtained based on both SEM images and density measurements. XRD analyses showed that there were Mg, Mg17Al12, and MgO phases in the composites. The reason for the absence of Al in graphics was that Al formed the solid solution by being dissolved in Mg. Also, the C peak could not be determined for CNT. The hardness of the composites increased with the increasing sintering temperature and CNT addition. The highest hardness value was measured as 88.45 HB10 with the addition of 1.00 wt% CNT at 550°C. Free distribution of CNT in the matrix caused this hardness increase.

[Analysis of changes in minerals contents during cider fermentation process by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry].

Science.gov (United States)

Ye, Meng-qi; Yue, Tian-li; Gao, Zhen-peng; Yuan, Ya-hong; Nie, Gang

2015-01-01

The changes in mineral elements during cider fermentation process were determined using ICP-MS. The results showed that the main minerals in the fermentation liquor included K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Sr and B. The content of K was the highest in both the apple juice and the cider, being 1 853. 83 and 1 654. 38 mg . L-1 respectively. The content of minerals was in dynamic changes along with the fermentation process. As a whole, during 72-120 h and 144-216 h, most of the minerals contents underwent great fluctuation. Especially when fermented for 192 h, the content of most of the minerals reached peak value or valley value. The content of Fe and Zn achieved their peak value, while the content of K, Na, Ca, Mg, Mn and B achieved valley value. But during the following 24 h, the content of minerals underwent a sharp reversal. After fermentation, the content of K, Mg, Cu, Zn and B decreased significantly, while the content of Na, Ca, Mn, Fe and Sr did not change significantly. The correlational analysis was conducted to evaluate the correlation between the mineral elements, and the result showed that the correlation between Ca and Mn was the most significant, with the correlation index reaching 0. 924. The information of this study will supply sufficient data for the fermentation process control and quality improvement of cider.

E-cigarette liquids: Constancy of content across batches and accuracy of labeling.

Science.gov (United States)

Etter, Jean-François; Bugey, Aurélie

2017-10-01

To assess whether bottles of refill liquids for e-cigarettes were filled true to label, whether their content was constant across two production batches, and whether they contained impurities. In 2013, we purchased on the Internet 18 models from 11 brands of e-liquids. We purchased a second sample of the same models 4months later. We analyzed their content in nicotine, anabasine, propylene glycol, glycerol, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol, and tested their pH. The median difference between the nicotine value on the labels and the nicotine content in the bottles was 0.3mg/mL (range -5.4 to +3.5mg/mL, i.e. -8% to +30%). For 82% of the samples, the actual nicotine content was within 10% of the value on the labels. All models contained glycerol (median 407mg/mL), and all but three models contained propylene glycol (median 650mg/mL). For all samples, levels of anabasine, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol were below our limits of detection. The pH of all the e-liquids was alkaline (median pH=9.1; range 8.1 to 9.9). The measured content of two batches of the same model varied by a median of 0% across batches for propylene glycol, 1% for glycerol, 0% for pH, and 0.5% for nicotine (range -15% to +21%; 5th and 95th percentiles: -15% and +10%). The nicotine content of these e-liquids matched the labels on the bottles, and was relatively constant across production batches. The content of propylene glycol and glycerol was also stable across batches, as was the pH. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

The influence of yttrium (Y) on the corrosion of Mg-Y binary alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Ming; Schmutz, Patrik; Uggowitzer, Peter J.; Song Guangling; Atrens, Andrej

2010-01-01

Research highlights: → The Y-intermetallic can accelerate corrosion and Y can increase the protectiveness of the surface layer. → In 0.1 M NaCl, the corrosion rate of Mg-Y alloys increased with increasing Y due to the Y intermetallic. → In 0.1 M NaCl, there was filiform corrosion. → In 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 , the corrosion rate of Mg-Y alloys decreased with increasing Y in the range 3-7%Y. → Hydrogen evolution was observed from particular parts of the alloy surface. - Abstract: Corrosion of Mg-Y alloys was studied using electrochemical evaluations, immersion tests and direct observations. There were two important effects. In 0.1 M NaCl, the corrosion rate increased with increasing Y content due to increasing amounts of the Y-containing intermetallic. In 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 , the corrosion rate decreased with increasing Y content above 3%, attributed to a more protective surface film, despite the intermetallic. The corrosion rate evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was somewhat smaller than that evaluated from H evolution as expected from the Mg corrosion mechanism. A mechanism is proposed for filiform corrosion. Direct in situ corrosion observations revealed that a predominant feature was hydrogen evolution from particular parts of the alloy surface.

Content Heavy Metal Pb, Cd In Perna viridis And Sediments In Semarang Bay

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Suprapto, D.; Suryanti, S.; Latifah, N.

2018-02-01

Waste disposal from human activities, generally contain heavy metals such as Pb and Cd which derived from industrial activities. The aims of the study were to know the concentration of Pb and Cd heavy metals contained in Perna viridis tissue, sediment and water at Semarang Bay. This study was conducted in May 2017 at Semarang Bay. - Samples were collected using purposive sampling method. The heavy metal content in the water and clam was observed using- APHA method and was analyzed using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). The results showed that concentration of heavy metal of Pb in the water was 0.00-50.5mg/L and the Cd content was of 26.9-51.7 mg/L, whereas the concentration of Pb in the sediment is 445.5-2.053.0mg/L and Cd 963.3-2,150.0 mg/L. Pb content in soft tissue of Perna viridis - is 67.1-1.933.9 mg/L and the concentration of Cd was 203.5-5.787.3 mg/L. The analysis of Pb and Cd in seawater, sediment and soft tissue of Perna viridis according to Enviroment Ministerial decree (KepMenLH ) number 51 of 2004 and applied by NOAA 1999 does not exceed the quality standard, that meant that the Perna viridis has been contaminated by metal Pb it is controversial with the above sentence and Cd. It concluded that the metal content of Pb and Cd in Perna viridis tissue exceeds the quality standard, so it is not suitable to be consumed, especially in high quantity

Microstructural evolution in Mg-rich Mg-Zn-Y alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Biswas, T.; Ranganathan, S.; Nair, S.; Bajargan, G.

2005-01-01

Mg-rich Mg-Zn-Y alloys with nominal compositions Mg 97 Zn 1 Y 2 , Mg 97 Zn 2 Y 1 , Mg 92 Zn 6.5 Y 1.5 and Mg 97-x Zn 1 Y 2 Zr x have been chosen for the present study. These alloys are prepared by using sand casting mold. The sand cast alloys are remelted and subjected to copper mold casting and melt spinning techniques. The effect of cooling rate on microstructures was studied. It is observed that the size of the precipitates decreases with an increase of cooling rate. The formation of nano precipitates results in higher strength of the alloy as compared to the conventional alloys. The microstructures of melt spun ribbons are compared with RS/PM (rapidly solidified power metallurgy) Mg 97 Zn 1 Y 2 alloy, obtained from a different source. (author)

Trace content of uranium in spices and condiments

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sharma, Y P; Lal, N; Mahesh, K; Nagpaul, K K [Regional Engineering Coll., Kurukshetra (India). Dept. of Physics; Chakarvarti, S K [Kurukshetra Univ. (India). Dept. of Physics

1981-10-01

The natural uranium trace contents of eighteen spice and condiment samples belonging to twelve different plant families in India were determined by the fission track etch technique. The uranium contents varied from 0.28 +- 0.002 to 78.6 +- 0.50 pg/g. This does not pose a serious health hazard since the permissible limit intake by humans is 40 mg/day.

Mg2FeH6 Synthesis Efficiency Map

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Katarzyna Witek

2018-02-01

Full Text Available The influences of the processing parameters on the Mg2FeH6 synthesis yield were studied. Mixtures of magnesium hydride (MgH2 and iron (Fe were mechanically milled in a planetary ball mill under argon for 0.5-, 1-, 2- and 3-h periods and subsequently sintered at temperatures from 300–500 ∘ C under hydrogen. The reaction yield, phase content and hydrogen storage properties of the received materials were investigated. The morphologies of the powders after synthesis were studied by SEM. The synthesis effectiveness map was presented. The obtained results prove that synthesis parameters, such as the milling time and synthesis temperature, greatly influence the reaction yield and material properties and show that extended mechanical milling may not be beneficial to the reaction efficiency.

Mg II-Absorbing Galaxies in the UltraVISTA Survey

Science.gov (United States)

Stroupe, Darren; Lundgren, Britt

2018-01-01

Light that is emitted from distant quasars can become partially absorbed by intervening gaseous structures, including galaxies, in its path toward Earth, revealing information about the chemical content, degree of ionization, organization and evolution of these structures through time. In this project, quasar spectra are used to probe the halos of foreground galaxies at a mean redshift of z=1.1 in the COSMOS Field. Mg II absorption lines in Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasar spectra are paired with galaxies in the UltraVISTA catalog at an impact parameter less than 200 kpc. A sample of 77 strong Mg II absorbers with a rest-frame equivalent width ≥ 0.3 Å and redshift from 0.34 < z < 2.21 are investigated to find equivalent width ratios of Mg II, C IV and Fe II absorption lines, and their relation to the impact parameter and the star formation rates, stellar masses, environments and redshifts of their host galaxies.

Spatial variability of chlorophyll and nitrogen content of rice from hyperspectral imagery

Science.gov (United States)

Moharana, Shreedevi; Dutta, Subashisa

2016-12-01

Chlorophyll and nitrogen are the most essential parameters for paddy crop growth. Spectroradiometric measurements were collected at canopy level during critical growth period of rice. Chemical analysis was performed to quantify the total leaf content. By exploiting the ground based measurements, regression models were established for chlorophyll and nitrogen aimed indices with their corresponding crop growth variables. Vegetation index models were developed for mapping these parameters from Hyperion imagery in an agriculture system. It was inferred that the present Simple Ratio (SR) and Leaf Nitrogen Concentration (LNC) indices, which followed a linear and nonlinear relationship respectively, were completely different from published Tian et al. (2011). The nitrogen content varied widely from 1 to 4% and only 2 to 3% for paddy crop using present modified index models and Tian et al. (2011) respectively. The modified LNC index model performed better than the established Tian et al. (2011) model as far as estimated nitrogen content from Hyperion imagery was concerned. Furthermore, within the observed chlorophyll range obtained from the studied rice varieties grown in the rice agriculture system, the index models (LNC, OASVI, Gitelson, mSR and MTCI) performed well in the spatial distribution of rice chlorophyll content from Hyperion imagery. Spatial distribution of total chlorophyll content varied widely from 1.77 to 5.81 mg/g (LNC), 3.0 to 13 mg/g (OASVI), 0.5 to 10.43 mg/g (Gitelson), 2.18 to 10.61 mg/g (mSR) and 2.90 to 5.40 mg/g (MTCI). The spatial information of these parameters will help in proper nutrient management, yield forecasting, and will serve as inputs for crop growth and forecasting models for a precision rice agriculture system.

Mineral, protein and nitrate contents in leaves of Pereskia aculeata subjected to nitrogen fertilization

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Maria Regina de Miranda Souza

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Considering that nitrogen is directly related to leaf protein content, the nitrogen fertilization in Pereskia aculeata plants may affect the protein content and increase its nutritional potential. This study aimed at assessing the effect of nitrogen fertilization on mineral, protein and nitrate contents, as well as the yield of P. aculeata leaves. A randomized blocks design was used, with three replications and five treatments, consisting of increasing topdressing nitrogen doses (0-400 kg ha-1, in soil with organic matter content of 4.0 dag kg-1. Three harvests were performed for leaf analysis. No significant effect was observed for mineral and protein content or leaf fresh mass yield. The mean values for mineral composition were: 3.52 dag kg-1 of N, 0.47 dag kg-1 of P, 4.65 dag kg-1 of Ca, 0.71 dag kg-1 of Mg, 0.25 dag kg-1 of S, 36.64 mg kg-1 of Zn and 174.13 mg kg-1 of Fe. The mean content for protein was 21.86 % and the leaf fresh mass yield was 0.971 kg plant-1. K levels decreased from 50 kg ha-1 of N. Nitrate increased linearly with the nitrogen fertilization, reaching a maximum value of 78.2 mg kg-1 of fresh mass, well below the health risk threshold. It was concluded that a soil with high organic matter content does not require nitrogen fertilization. However, doses up to 400 kg ha-1 of nitrogen ensure adequate leaf yield and protein and mineral contents within the desired range for the species, being a food rich in proteins, iron and calcium.

Effect of Alloy Elements on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties in Al-Mg-Si Alloys

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Kato, Yoshikazu; Hisayuki, Koji; Sakaguchi, Masashi; Higashi, Kenji

Microstructures and mechanical properties in the modified Al-Mg-Si alloys with variation in the alloy elements and their contents were investigated to enhance higher strength and ductility. Optimizing both the alloy element design and the industrial processes including heat-treatments and extrusion technology was carried out along the recent suggestion from the first principles calculation. The investigation concluded that the addition of Fe and/or Cu could recovery their lost ductility, furthermore increase their tensile strength up to 420 MPa at high elongation of 24 % after T6 condition for Al-0.8mass%Mg-1.0mass%Si-0.8mass%Cu-0.5mass%Fe alloy with excess Si content. The excellent combination between strength and ductility could be obtained by improvement to the grain boundary embitterment caused by grain boundary segregation of Si as a result from the interaction of Si with Cu or Fe with optimizing the amount of Cu and Fe contents.

Proximate composition, minerals and vitamins content of selected vegetables grown in Peshawar

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bangash, J.A.; Arif, M.; Khan, M.A.; Khan, F.; Amin-ur-Rrahma; Hussain, I.

2011-01-01

Ten vegetables namely Pot purslane, Spinach, Turnip, Garlic, Mustard (Sarson), Radish, Bitter gourd, Lady finger, Bath sponge and Brinjal were analyzed for their proximate composition, vitamin and mineral contents to evaluate their importance in human nutrition. The results showed that almost all vegetables contain appreciable amount of essential nutrients. The maximum content of moisture, carbohydrate, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and ash recorded in these vegetables was (92.50 %, 26.88 %, 5.0%, 0.40%, 1.4% and 1.9%), respectively, with a minimum content (66.80 %, 3.91 %, 0.7%, 0.08%, 0.4% and 0.38%), respectively. Maximum concentration of macro minerals K, Ca, Mg, and Na, observed was (400, 210, 109, and 55) mg/100 g, respectively, with a minimum concentration (26, 15, 17, and 10) mg/100 g, respectively. Maximum concentration of micro minerals Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Cr observed was (29, 0.33, 3.05, 1.70, and 0.36) mg/100 g with a minimum concentration (2, 0.05, 0.43, 0.21, and 0.06) mg/100 g, respectively. Maximum concentration of water soluble vitamins i.e. thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid recorded was (0.280, 0.190, 0.69, and 65) mg/100 g with a minimum concentration (0.011, 0.015, 0.23, and 4.00) mg/100 g, respectively. From this study it can be concluded that consumption of vegetables in different combinations could provide a reasonable daily recommended amount of essential nutrients for the maintenance of healthy life and normal body functioning. (author)

The Enhancement of Mg Corrosion Resistance by Alloying Mn and Laser-Melting

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Youwen Yang

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Mg has been considered a promising biomaterial for bone implants. However, the poor corrosion resistance has become its main undesirable property. In this study, both alloying Mn and laser-melting were applied to enhance the Mg corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and microstructure of rapid laser-melted Mg-xMn (x = 0–3 wt % alloys were investigated. The alloys were composed of dendrite grains, and the grains size decreased with increasing Mn. Moreover, Mn could dissolve and induce the crystal lattice distortion of the Mg matrix during the solidification process. Mn ranging from 0–2 wt % dissolved completely due to rapid laser solidification. As Mn contents further increased up to 3 wt %, a small amount of Mn was left undissolved. The compressive strength of Mg-Mn alloys increased first (up to 2 wt % and then decreased with increasing Mn, while the hardness increased continuously. The refinement of grains and the increase in corrosion potential both made contributions to the enhancement of Mg corrosion resistance.

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-3Al-3RE alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tian, X.; Wang, L.M.; Wang, J.L.; Liu, Y.B.; An, J.; Cao, Z.Y.

2008-01-01

The Mg-3Al-3RE alloys (RE, the cerium-rich or the yttrium-rich misch metal) were smelted in a resistance furnace under the protective flux from the Mg-RE master alloys and pure magnesium ingots. The microstructure and mechanical properties of samples prepared by steel mould casting method were investigated. Results show that the main phases of the alloys are α-Mg, Mg 17 Al 12 and Al-RE compounds, and the grain size reduced with the increasing content of the cerium-rich misch metal. Mg-3Al-2Ymm-1Cemm (Ymm, the yttrium-rich misch metal; Cemm, the Cerium-rich misch metal) exhibited the highest mechanical properties, that is UTS = 201 MPa and YS = 75 MPa, and ε = 8.2% at room temperature; UTS = 146 MPa, and YS = 70 MPa, ε = 18.2% at the temperature of 150 deg. C, respectively. Fracture surface analysis revealed that the Mg-3Al-2Ymm-1Cemm alloy has a mixed fracture feature at room temperature but ductile fracture at elevated temperature (150 deg. C)

Mineral content of the honey produced in Zulia state, Venezuela.

Science.gov (United States)

Sulbarán de Ferrer, Betzabé; Ojeda de Rodríguez, Graciela; Peña, Jorge; Martínez, Janeth; Morán, María

2004-09-01

The mineral content of the honey produced in five zones of the Zulia state, Venezuela, during dry and rainy seasons was determined. The analyzed elements were: sodium, potassium (by emission spectroscopy), calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese (by atomic absorption spectroscopy), phosphorus (phosphate ions, by colorimetric method), and ash content of raw honey samples directly collected from different beekeepers. The mean values for Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and P were 353+84; 1774+138; 237+66; 52+24; 0.76+0.43; 13.5+10.23; 0.92+0.42 and 1642+323 mg/kg respectively. The mean ash content was 0.431+0.15%. Potassium was the most abundant of the elements determined. This results confirm that Zulian honey can be considered a good source of minerals.

Thioacetamide-induced changes in the body weight, kidney weight and the total nucleic acids content of kidney of mouse

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shakoori, Abdul Rauf; Ashraf, Fauzia.

1976-01-01

Effects of thioacetamide (TAA) on the body weight, kidney weight and the total nucleic acids content of kidney of mouse were studied. TAA 1% and 2% solutions were injected intraperitoneally, twice with an interval of 24 hours in two different batches of male mice. In this way one batch received a total dose of 100 mg TAA/Kg body wt. while the other got a total dose of 200 mg TAA/Kg. Both the body as well as kidney weights decrease after TAA treatment. A total dose of 200 mg/Kg is a stronger inhibitor of growth as compared with that of 100 mg/Kg. The nucleic acids content show an increase after the drug treatment. The ribonucleic acid content of kidney increased from an average value of 4.30+0.14 mg/g kidney to 4.60+-0.22 mg/g kidney after 1% TAA treatment. The increase in 2% TAA treated mice is slightly more prominent. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content of kidney are likewise affected. After an initial increase in 1% TAA-treated animals, the DNA content gradually fall down to normal control values. Administration of 2% TAA solution causes an average increase of 21% i.e. from 1.93+-0.19 mg/g kidney wt to 2.26+-0.23 mg/g kidney wt. The size of cell, nucleus and nucleolus also increased after drug treatment, which mainly occurred during the first 24 hours of the post-treatment period

Changes in the Sodium Content of Australian Processed Foods between 1980 and 2013 Using Analytical Data

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Felicity Zganiacz

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to obtain analytical data on the sodium content of a range of processed foods and compare the levels obtained with their label claims and with published data of the same or equivalent processed foods in the 1980s and 1990s to investigate the extent of any change in sodium content in relation to reformulation targets. The sodium contents of 130 Australian processed foods were obtained by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES analysis and compared with previously published data. The sodium content between 1980 and 2013 across all products and by each product category were compared. There was a significant overall sodium reduction of 23%, 181 mg/100 g (p <0.001, 95% CI (Confidence Interval, 90 to 272 mg/100 g, in Australian processed foods since 1980, with a 12% (83 mg/100 g reduction over the last 18 years. The sodium content of convenience foods (p < 0.001, 95% CI, 94 to 291 mg/100 g and snack foods (p = 0.017, 95% CI, 44 to 398 mg/100 g had declined significantly since 1980. Meanwhile, the sodium contents of processed meats (p = 0.655, 95% CI, −121 to 190 and bread and other bakery products (p = 0.115, 95% CI, −22 to 192 had decreased, though not significantly. Conversely, the sodium content of cheese (p = 0.781, 95% CI, −484 to 369 mg/100 g had increased but also not significantly. Of the 130 products analysed, 62% met Australian reformulation targets. Sodium contents of the processed foods and the overall changes in comparison with previous data indicate a decrease over the 33 years period and suggest that the Australian recommended reformulation targets have been effective. Further sodium reduction of processed foods is still required and continuous monitoring of the reduction of sodium levels in processed foods is needed.

ANALISIS FLYPAPER EFFECT PADA BELANJA DAERAH KABUPATEN DAN KOTA DI PROVINSI BANTEN

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Fitri Amalia

2015-05-01

Full Text Available This study aims to identify the flypaper effect on the country and city in Banten Province in 2010-2013. The main objective of this research is to provide empirical evidence for the occurrence of flypaper effect on General Allocation Fund (DAU and Local Revenue (PAD to Regional Expenditure (BD of country/city in Banten Province. In this case, the dependent variable used is the shopping area while the independent variable is PAD and DAU. Object of research include 8 counties and cities in Banten Province with data source Realisasi Budget Report 2010-2013. Design research using model hypothesis testing using secondary data in the form of panel data. The method of analysis of data used is multiple regression.This research result indicates that (1 PAD and DAU simultaneously influence significantly to regional expenditure, (2 PAD and DAU partially influential significantly against regional expenditure, (3 there is no flypaper effect on contry and city in Banten in the 2010-2013. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi terjadinya flypaper effect pada belanja daerah kabupaten dan kota di Provinsi Banten tahun 2010-2013.Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan bukti empiris terjadinya flypaper effect pada Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD terhadap Belanja Daerah kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Banten. Dalam hal ini, variabel dependen yang digunakan adalah belanja daerah sedangkan variabel independennya adalah Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan Dana Alokasi Umum. Objek penelitian meliputi 8 kabupaten dan kota di Provinsi Banten dengan sumber data yang diperoleh dari Laporan Realisasi APBD 2010-2013. Desain penelitian menggunakan model pengujian hipotesis dengan menggunakan data sekunder dalam bentuk data panel. Adapun metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1 PAD dan DAU secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Belanja Daerah, (2 PAD dan DAU secara parsial berpengaruh

Phenolic Content and Their Antioxidant Activity in Various Berries Cultivated in Romania

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Zoriţa Diaconeasa

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Berry fruits are a rich source of phenolic compounds with health benefits.  Phenolic compounds occur in berries mainly as a variety of conjugated forms, mostly with sugars.  The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare the phenolic content and antioxidant potential in the most common fruits consumed in Romania: blueberry, blackberries, raspberry and cranberries. Folin-Ciocalteu method has been used in order to evaluate total phenolic content of analyzed berries. Antioxidant activity was determinate using ORAC assay which measures the decrease of AAPH-radical level by the scavenging action of the antioxidant substance. In addition, the vitamin C content and total tannins of the berries extracts were determined using spetophomotmetric methods. The phenolic contents and antioxidant potential of analyzed berries did not varied considerably. The highest amounts of TPC and the strongest antioxidant activities were found in blueberry and blackberries (678 GAE mg/100 g FW, 442 mg/100g FW respectively. Vitamin C content was found in higher concentration in raspberries 21.7 mg/100 g FW while the lower concentration was found in blackberry.  All berries contain higher levels of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols or tannins which are responsible for their antioxidant potential and bring their nutritional value, being highly recommended for daily consumption.

Study of variation of tocochromanol and phytosterol contents in black and yellow seeds of Brassica napus L. doubled haploid populations.

Science.gov (United States)

Cegielska-Taras, Teresa; Nogala-Kałucka, Małgorzata; Szala, Laurencja; Siger, Aleksander

2016-01-01

In the study, an analysis of tocopherols, plastochomanol-8 and phytosterols was conducted using DH lines obtained from F1 hybrids of reciprocal crosses between yellow- and black-seeded lines. The biological material for the study consisted of two DH populations of winter oilseed rape obtained from F1 hybrids of reciprocal crosses between two DH lines: yellow- and black-seeded. Seed color was determined using a ColorFlex spectrophotometer. Fat content was determined via pulsed NMR. The levels of tocopherols, and plastochromanol-8 are analyzed using HPLC. Phytosterol contents and composition were determined by the GC method. The fat content of the black-seeded parental line was 49% and this was higher than that of the yellow-seeded parental line (44%). The fat content of DH line populations ranged from 44 to 51%. Total tocopherol content ranged from 460 to 602 mg/kg and the α-T/γ-T ratio was from 0.66 to 1.09. In parental lines H2-26 and Z-114 the total tocopherol content was 534 and 525 mg/kg, but the α-T/γ-T ratios were 0.81 and 1.21, respectively. The yellow-seeded parental line (Z-114) was characterized by a higher PC-8 content (81 mg/kg) than the H2-26 black-seeded parental line (58 mg/kg). The largest part of the total phytosterol content in seeds of both populations was β-sitosterol from 976 to 2148 mg/kg, followed by campasterol, from 636 to 1364 mg/kg, and brassicasterol from 375 to 678 mg/kg. The total tocopherol content ranged from 462 to 595 mg/kg (population HxZ) and from 460 to 602 mg/kg (population ZxH). Significantly positive correlations were observed between the seed color with α-T (r = 0.38, p phytosterol content were not noted. Considering the range of genetic variation among doubled haploids of two populations, selected DH lines may be good parents for further breeding programs focused on increasing the amount and improving the quality of oilseed rapeseed oil. However, further studies will also be made to determine the influence of the

Geochemical pattern of soils in Bobovdol valley, Bulgaria. Assessment of Cd and Co contents

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Ivona Nikova

2016-07-01

Full Text Available The chemical composition of soils spread in the Bobov dol valley was studied in order to reveal the natural and anthropogenic patterns of Cd and Co spatial distribution. A sampling procedure based on the irregular grid of points and validated analytical methods were used in the field and laboratory studies. It is found that Cd content varies from 0.21 to 0.90 mg kg-1 in studied soils and the average value of 0.55 mg kg-1 coincides with concentration demarcating soil pollution (0.5 mg kg-1. Co content ranges from 2.22 to 15.76 mg kg-1 and in 70 % of sampled points exceeds the natural background content of 7.8 mg kg-1 found in local rocks. Still, Cd enrichment of studied soils is more significant than Co’s with coefficient of Clarke concentration of 3.67. Hence, the secondary deposition of studied elements as a result of the Bobov dol Thermal power plant air emissions is verified by results obtained. The spatial distribution of Cd and Co is featured with an altitudinal gradient in deposition and a trend of quantitative depletion in the South of Plant. Soil organic matter and pH have no influence on the content and spatial distribution of studied elements. Elements iron affinity governs their geochemical linkage in soils although cobalt occurs allied with aluminum and titanium.

Investigation of Structural Re-ordering of Hydrogen Bonds in LiNbO3:Mg Crystals Around the Threshold Concentration of Magnesium

Science.gov (United States)

Sidorov, N. V.; Teplyakova, N. A.; Palatnikov, M. N.; Bobreva, L. A.

2017-09-01

Crystals of LiNbO3congr and LiNbO3:Mg (0.19-5.91 mole %) were studied by IR and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the intensities of the bands corresponding to the stretching vibrations of the OH groups in the IR spectra of LiNbO3:Mg crystals change and components of the bands disappear with increase of the Mg content. This was explained by disappearance of the OH groups close to {Nb}_{Li}^{4+}-{V}_{Li}- defects as a result of displacement of NbLi defects by Mg cations. In the Raman spectra of the LiNbO3:Mg (5.1 mole %) compared with the congruent crystal the lines corresponding to the vibrations of oxygen atoms in the oxygen octahedra and the stretching bridge vibrations of the oxygen atoms along the polar axis become broader, and new low-intensity lines that may correspond to pseudoscalar vibrations of A2-type symmetry also appear. The broadening of the lines is due to deformation of the oxygen octahedra caused both by increase of the Mg content in the crystal structure and by change in the localization of the protons. Suppression of the photorefraction effect in the LiNbO3:Mg crystals with Mg contents above the threshold level can be explained by change in the localization of the protons in the structure and by screening of the space charge field.

The effects of Mg addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of thixoformed Al–5%Si–Cu alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Salleh, M.S., E-mail: shukor@utem.edu.my [Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Selangor (Malaysia); Department of Manufacturing Process, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka (Malaysia); Omar, M.Z., E-mail: zaidi@eng.ukm.my [Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Selangor (Malaysia); Syarif, J., E-mail: syarif@eng.ukm.my [Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Selangor (Malaysia)

2015-02-05

Highlights: • The average globule size of α-Al decreased when Mg amount is increased. • T6 heat treatment has increased the strength of the thixoformed alloys. • The elongation after T6 heat treatment is even significantly improved. • Thixoformed alloy with high Mg content shows a brittle type fracture. • Thixoformed alloy in T6 condition shows a ductile type fracture. - Abstract: In this study, the effects of different amounts of magnesium (Mg) on the microstructures and tensile properties of thixoformed Al–5%Si–Cu alloys were investigated. Three different alloys containing various amounts of Mg (0.5, 0.8 and 1.2 wt%) were prepared through the cooling slope casting technique, before they were thixoformed using a compression press. Several of the thixoformed samples were then treated with a T6 heat treatment, that is, solution treatment at 525 °C for 8 h, quenching in warm water at 60 °C, followed by aging at 155 °C for 4 h. All of the samples were then characterised by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis as well as by tensile tests. The results revealed that magnesium was able to refine the size of α-Al globules and the eutectic silicon in the samples. It was also observed that a compact π-Al{sub 9}FeMg{sub 3}Si{sub 5} phase was formed when the magnesium content was 0.8 wt% and 1.2 wt%. The mechanical properties of the thixoformed alloys improved significantly after the T6 heat treatment. The highest attainment was recorded by the latter alloy (i.e. with 1.2 wt%Mg) with its ultimate tensile strength (UTS) as high as 306 MPa, yield strength (YS), 264 MPa, and elongation to fracture of 1.8%. The fracture of thixoformed alloy with a low Mg content (0.5 wt%) showed a combination of dimple and cleavage fracture, whereas in the alloy that contained the highest Mg content (1.2 wt%), cleavage fracture was observed.

Influence of Mg{sup 2+} doping on the structure and electrochemical performances of layered LiNi{sub 0.6}Co{sub 0.2-x}Mn{sub 0.2}Mg{sub x}O{sub 2} cathode materials

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huang, Zhenjun; Wang, Zhixing, E-mail: zxwang.csu@hotmail.com; Guo, Huajun; Li, Xinhai

2016-06-25

Introducing the Mg ion into host lattice is applied to improving the electrochemical performance of LiNi{sub 0.6}Co{sub 0.2}Mn{sub 0.2}O{sub 2}. The effect of Mg substitution for Co on the structure, morphology, electrochemical properties and Li{sup +} diffusion coefficients are investigated in details. Rietveld refinement results reveal that Mg is incorporated into the bulk lattice, which results in reduced cation mixing and expand c-lattice parameter. All Mg-doped sample exhibit better cycle and rate performances, although the Mg substitution for Co led to decreasing a part of capacity. The Li diffusion coefficients obtained by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) are increased with increases of Mg content. - Highlights: • Mg-doped sample exhibits better electrochemical performance. • The change of crystal structure by Mg doping are studied. • The Mg doping improves the lithium ion diffusion coefficient.

Effect of rolling reduction on the development of rolling and recrystallization textures in Al-Mg alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Endou, S; Inagaki, H [Shonan Inst. of Tech., Fujisawashi (Japan)

2002-07-01

In order to investigate the effect of Mg content on the development of the rolling textures in Al pure Al, Al-3% Mg alloy and Al-5% Mg alloy were cold rolled by varying rolling reductions up to 97%. Their rolling textures were investigated by the orientation distribution function analysis. The extent of work hardening introduced by cold rolling was estimated by the hardness measurements. It was found that, at all rolling reductions, the main orientations of the rolling textures depended strongly on the Mg content. In pure Al, {l_brace}123{r_brace} left angle 634 right angle was always the main orientation, whereas {l_brace}112{r_brace} left angle 111 right angle was most strong in the Al-3%Mg alloy. In the Al-5% Mg alloy, the development of both {l_brace}123{r_brace} left angle 634 right angle and {l_brace}112{r_brace} left angle 111 right angle were strongly suppressed, whereas {l_brace}110{r_brace} left angle 112 right angle developed remarkably. In pure Al, most of the texture development occurred at the later half of work hardening, i.e. at rolling reductions above 70%. With increasing Mg content, rolling texture tended to develop already at lower rolling reductions. Dynamic recovery, which occurred at very high rolling reductions, suppressed the development of the rolling textures. All these results strongly suggested that the formation of dislocation cell structures and shear banding are origins of the formation of these rolling textures. On annealing these specimens at 450 C for 30 min, recrystallization textures developed only in specimens having strong rolling textures, i. e. in the specimens cold rolled more than 70%. {l_brace}100{r_brace} left angle 001 right angle developed only in pure Al and in the Al-3% Mg ally, in which {l_brace}123{r_brace} left angle 634 right angle and {l_brace}112{r_brace} left angle 111 right angle were strong in the rolling textures. Recrystallization textures of the Al-5% Mg alloy was wather random. Its main orientation, {l

Pigment content (chlorophyll and carotenoids) in 37 species of trees and shrubs in northeastern mexico during summer season

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rodriguez, H.G.; Avendano, E.; Maiti, R.; Kumari, C.A.

2017-01-01

Plant pigments play an important role in plant assimilatory systems and plant growth. A study was undertaken to determine chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids contents of thirty seven species of trees and shrubs in summer season, in Linares, northeastern Mexico. Large variations were observed in the contents of chlorophyll (a, b and total) and also carotenoids among species. Chlorophyll a was minimum (around 0.6 mg) in Leucophyllum frutescens and Acacia berlandieri and maximum (1.8 mg) in Ebenopsis ebano. Chlorophyll b was minimum in Forestiera angustifolia, Acacia berlandieri, and Leucophyllum frutescens (0.1 to 0.2 mg), while Ebenopsis ebano contained maximum (0.4 mg). Carotenoids content was minimum (around 0.2 mg) in Leucophyllum frutescens, Acacia berlandieri and Parkinsonia aculeata and others but maximum value (around 0.6 mg) was observed in Berberis trifoliata. Total chlorophyll (a+b) content minimum values (around 0.6 mg) were recorded in Leucophyllum frutescens, Forestiera angustifolia, Croton suaveolens and Acacia berlandieri, while maximum value (around 2 mg) was obtained in Ebenopsis ebano. Maximum values of chlorophyll (a:b) ratio (around 7) was seen in Forestiera angustifolia, Salix lasiolepis followed by Diospyros texana (around 6). The ratio of total chlorophyll/carotenoids was maximum in Parkinsonia aculeata (nearing 8), while minimum value was obtained in Berberis trifoliata (around 2). (author)

Calcium and magnesium content in hard tissues of rats under condition of subchronic lead intoxication.

Science.gov (United States)

Todorovic, Tatjana; Vujanovic, Dragana; Dozic, Ivan; Petkovic-Curcin, Aleksandra

2008-03-01

Lead manifests toxic effects in almost all organs and tissues, especially in: the nervous system, hematopoietic system, kidney and liver. This metal has a special affinity for deposition in hard tissue, i.e., bones and teeth. It is generally believed that the main mechanism of its toxicity relies on its interaction with bioelements, especially with Ca and Mg. This article analyses the influence of Pb poisoning on Ca and Mg content in hard tissues, (mandible, femur, teeth and skull) of female and young rats. Experiments were carried out on 60 female rats, AO breed, and on 80 of their young rats (offspring). Female rats were divided into three groups: the first one was a control group, the second one received 100 mg/kg Pb2+ kg b.wt. per day in drinking water, the third one received 30 mg/kg Pb(2+) kg b.wt. per day in drinking water. Young rats (offspring) were divided into the same respective three groups. Lead, calcium and magnesium content in hard tissues (mandible, femur, teeth-incisors and skull) was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry in mineralized samples. There was a statistically significant Pb deposition in all analyzed female and young rat hard tissues. Ca and Mg contents were significantly reduced in all female and young rat hard tissues. These results show that Pb poisoning causes a significant reduction in Ca and Mg content in animal hard tissues, which is probably the consequence of competitive antagonism between Pb and Ca and Mg.

Analysis of iodine content in seaweed by GC-ECD and estimation of iodine intake

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Tai Sheng Yeh

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Edible seaweed products have been consumed in many Asian countries. Edible seaweeds accumulate iodine from seawater, and are therefore a good dietary source of iodine. An adequate consumption of seaweed can eliminate iodine deficiency disorders, but excessive iodine intake is not good for health. The recommended dietary reference intake of 0.15 mg/d and 0.14 mg/d for iodine has been established in the United States and Taiwan, respectively. In this study, 30 samples of seaweed were surveyed for iodine content. The samples included 10 nori (Porphyra, 10 wakame (Undaria, and 10 kombu (Laminaria products. The iodine in seaweed was derivatized with 3-pentanone and detected by gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD. The method detection limit was 0.5 mg/kg. The iodine content surveyed for nori was 29.3–45.8 mg/kg, for wakame 93.9–185.1 mg/kg, and for kombu 241–4921 mg/kg. Kombu has the highest average iodine content 2523.5 mg/kg, followed by wakame (139.7 mg/kg and nori (36.9 mg/kg. The GC-ECD method developed in this study is a low-cost alternative to inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy for iodine detection in seaweeds. The iodine intake from seaweed in the current survey was calculated and compared with the iodine dietary reference intake of Taiwan. The risk and benefit of seaweed consumption is also discussed.

Are You Experienced The Case for Acquisition Professional Qualification Standards

Science.gov (United States)

2015-10-01

1, DAU 236), featuring a cover story on micro machines used in defense systems. The winners for Defense AT&L were managing edi - tor/senior editor of...Gonzalez, copy edi - tor and circulation manager; and Noelia Gamboa, editorial support. Defense AT&L’s sister DAU publication, the Defense Acquisition

Journal of Genetics | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Journal of Genetics. Dau Dayal Aggarwal. Articles written in Journal of Genetics. Volume 93 Issue 1 April 2014 pp 103-112 Research Article. Effects of body-size variation on flight-related traits in latitudinal populations of Drosophila melanogaster · Veer Bhan Ravi Parkash Dau Dayal Aggarwal.

Role of dopants in LiF:Mg,Cu, LiF:Mg,P and LiF:Mg,Cu,P detectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mohammadi, Kh.; Moussavi Zarandi, A.; Afarideh, H.; Shahmaleki, S.

2013-01-01

In this study, electronic structure of LiF crystal doped with Mg,Cu,P impurities was studied with WIEN2k code on the basis of FPLAPW+lo method. Results show that in Mg-doped LiF composition, an electronic trap was created with impurity concentration of 1.56% and 3.125%. In this condition, the electronic trap with increasing the percentage of the impurities up to 4.687% is annihilated. It was found, that by doping of Mg and Cu or P simultaneously, a hole-trap is created in valence band. It was realized that in LiF:Mg,Cu, LiF:Mg,P and LiF:Mg,Cu,P, Cu impurity and Li atom, have a key role in creation of levels which lead to create electronic and hole traps. Mg impurity and F atom, only have a role in creation of electronic traps. In addition, P impurity has a main role in creation of the electronic and hole traps in LiF:Mg,Cu,P. The activation energy of electronic and hole trap in LiF:Mg,Cu, LiF:Mg,P and LiF:Mg,Cu,P crystalline lattice were obtained as 0.3 and 5.5 eV, 0.92 and 3.4 eV and 0.75 and 3.1 eV, respectively. - Graphical abstract: Figure (a) and (b) shows changes in electronic structure and band gap energy of LiF crystal due to presence of Mg and Cu, Mg and P ions respectively. - Highlights: • Electronic structure of LiF, LiF:Mg,Cu, LiF:Mg,P and LiF:Mg,Cu,P materials were studied with WIEN2K code. • In LiF:Mg,Cu and LiF:Mg,Cu,P, Li atom and Cu impurity have a key role in creation of levels. • F atom and Mg impurity only have a role in creation of electronic traps. • In LiF:Mg,Cu,P, P impurity has a main role in creation of electronic and hole traps

Improved interface quality and luminescence capability of InGaN/GaN quantum wells with Mg pretreatment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wu, Zhengyuan; Shen, Xiyang; Xiong, Huan; Li, Qingfei; Kang, Junyong; Fang, Zhilai [Xiamen University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Department of Physics, Xiamen (China); Lin, Feng; Yang, Bilan; Lin, Shilin [San' an Optoelectronics Co., Ltd, Xiamen (China); Shen, Wenzhong [Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Shanghai (China); Zhang, Tong-Yi [Shanghai University, Shanghai University Materials Genome Institute and Shanghai Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai (China)

2016-02-15

Interface modification of high indium content InGaN/GaN quantum wells was carried out by Mg pretreatment of the GaN barrier surface. The indium in the Mg-pretreated InGaN layer was homogeneously distributed, making the interfaces abrupt. The improved interface quality greatly enhanced light emission capacity. The cathodoluminescence intensity of the Mg-pretreated InGaN/GaN quantum wells was correspondingly much stronger than those of the InGaN/GaN quantum wells without Mg pretreatment. (orig.)

A study on the effect of silicon content on mechanical properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kwon, C.T.; Nam, T.W.; Lee, S.I.

1978-01-01

In Al-Si alloy, the variation of mechanical properties with silicon contents was investigated the silicon content being varied from 5% to 25%, and the effects of additives and refining elements were also studied. The results obtained are as follows: 1) Sodium treatment made the primary silicon crystals refined and spheroidized, and made the matrix structure intensified. The effect of P treatment on refining primary silicon crystals was greater then that of Na. 2) Tensile strength showed the maximum value at near the eutectic composition and was improved considerably by addition of Mg and treatment with Na. 3) The variation of matrix hardness with silicon contents was not perceptible and the hardness was improved by addition of Mg and treatment with Na. (author)

THE CONTENT OF POLYPHENOLS IN FRUIT OF HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY (VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM L. RELATING TO DIFFERENT FERTILIZER APPLICATION

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Michal Medvecký

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Six varieties of high blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. grown on a plantation of research station in Krivá, that is located in the northern part of Slovakia, was examined to determine the content of polyphenols in the fruit depending on the three variants of fertilization. The first variant was realized with the application of organic fertilization, second one with mineral fertilizers and third variant was left without fertilization. The content of total polyphenols (TP was determined spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. The total polyphenol content ranged from 2522.90 mg.kg-1 to 4960.20 mg.kg-1 in the variant with organic fertilization. In the variant with mineral fertilization the total polyphenol content ranged from 2278.25 mg.kg-1 to 3350.23 mg.kg-1. In the variant without fertilization was concentration of total polyphenols from 2503.63 mg.kg-1 to 3790.48 mg.kg-1. Statistical evaluation of the results confirmed a very weak correlation between polyphenols and one variety of different fertilization on the level of significance (p <0.05. Statistically significant effect on the level of significance (p <0.05 in Tukey's test was confirmed at the Patriot variety of organic and mineral fertilization and the mineral fertilization and control variant.

Influence of different extracts addition on total phenols, anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of blackberry juice during storage

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Blanka Bilić

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was investigation of influence of different extracts addition on total phenols, anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity and percent of polymeric colour of blackberry juice during storage of 52 days at 4 °C. Anthocyanin content of control sample (blackberry juice without extracts addition was 149.91 mg/L. Samples with addition of extracts (olive leaf, pine bark PE 5:1, pine bark PE 95 %, green tea, red wine PE 30 %, red wine PE 4:1 and bioflavonoids had higher anthocyanin content (from 152.42 to 161.19 mg/L in comparison to control sample. Sample with addition of bioflavonoids had the highest anthocyanin content. Samples with addition of extracts had much higher total phenol content and antioxidant activity than control sample, what was expected since extracts are rich in phenols. During storage decrease of phenols, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity occurred in higher or lesser extent, depending on extract type addition. Anthocyanin content in control sample was 119.85 mg/L. Samples with addition of bioflavonoids, olive leaf, pine bark PE 5:1 and red wine PE 4:1 had lower (from 103.44 to 118.84 mg/L, while other samples had higher (from 131.99 to 135.57 mg/L anthocyanin content than control sample. After storage, decrease of anthocyanins was followed with increase of percent of polymeric colour, with exception of samples with addition of green tea.

Conteúdo básico comum: ensino de arte em escolas públicas estaduais de Belo Horizonte/MG Common basic contents: teaching art in public schools in Belo Horizonte/MG

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Pires Bessa

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Procuramos captar como se dá, na prática, a implementação do Conteúdo Básico Comum, o CBC, de Arte - atual Proposta Curricular do Estado - no primeiro ano do Ensino Médio, em duas escolas públicas estaduais localizadas na cidade de Belo Horizonte/MG. Optou-se por pesquisar somente escolas (pólo de Ensino Médio, uma classificada como Escola Referência, a outra, não. Visamos a mostrar as conclusões relativas à proposta pedagógica em Arte das escolas pesquisadas; o planejamento do arteeducador, verificando as possibilidades de um diálogo entre este e o CBC/Arte; a colaboração dos agentes informadores; bem como a perspectiva do alunado quanto aos aspectos conceituais, procedimentais e atitudinais oferecidos nas aulas de Arte. Longe de se querer, a partir da análise de duas escolas, generalizar os resultados, pretende-se que, ao elucidar questões presentes nas escolas pesquisadas, possam elas servir de reflexão e signifiquem uma contribuição a outras escolas, a professores e pesquisadores.We try to capture, as it is happening, the practical implementation of "Common Basic Contents, CBC, of Art - the current Curricular Proposal of the State - in the 1st year of secondary school, in two state public schools, both located in the city of Belo Horizonte/MG. We chose to research only schools (two secondary schools, poles apart in performance levels one classified as a Reference School; the other, not. We aim to draw our conclusions with relation to the pedagogical Art proposal of the school being studied; the art educator's planning process providing the opportunity for exploring what possibilities exist for a dialogue between the school proposal and that of CBC/Art; the cooperation of all agents able to inform (shed light on the process; not least, the perspective of the student body, but equally the conceptual, procedural and attitudinal aspects presented in Art classes. Far from intending to generalize results, having only

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-11Li-6Zn-0.6Zr-0.4Ag-0.2Ca-x Y Alloys.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Yong-Ho; Yoo, Hyo-Sang; Son, Hyeon-Taek

2018-09-01

Magnesium and its alloys are potential candidates for many automotive and aerospace applications due to their low density and high specific strength. However, the use of magnesium as wrought products is limited because of its poor workability at ambient temperatures. Mg-Li alloys containing 5-11 wt.% Li exhibit a two-phase structure consisting of a α (hcp) Mg-rich phase and a β (bcc) Li-rich phase. Mg-Li alloys with Li content greater than 11 wt.% exhibit a single-phase structure consisting of only the β phase. In the present study, we studied the effects of Y addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-11Li-6Zn-0.6Zr-0.4Ag-0.2Ca based alloys. The melt was maintained at 720 °C for 20 min and poured into a mold. Then, the as-cast Mg alloys were homogenized at 350 °C for 4 h and were hot-extruded onto a 4-mm-thick plate with a reduction ratio of 14:1. The as-cast Mg-11Li-6Zn-0.6Zr-0.4Ag-0.2Ca-xY (x 0, 1, 3, and 5 wt.%) alloys were composed of α-Mg, β-Li, γ-Mg2Zn3Li, I-Mg3YZn6, W-Mg3Y2Zn3, and X-Mg12YZn phases. By increasing the Y content from 0 to 5 wt.%, the composition of the W-Mg3Y2Zn3 phase increased. With increasing Y content, from 0 to 1, 3, and 5 wt.%, the average grain size and ultimate tensile of the as-extruded Mg alloys decreased slightly, from 8.4, to 3.62, 3.56, and 3.44 μm and from 228.92 to 215.57, 187.47, and 161.04 MPa, respectively, at room temperature.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Y alloy containing LPSO phase and I-phase

Science.gov (United States)

Ye, Zhijian; Teng, Xinying; Lou, Gui; Zhou, Guorong; Leng, Jinfeng

2017-08-01

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Y alloy including LPSO phase and I-phase was investigated. Transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction analysis and differential scanning calorimeter analysis reveal that the LPSO (long period stacking ordered structure) phase and I-phase can co-exist within the α-Mg matrix. Wherein, the quasicrystal phases exist in the (I-phase  +  α-Mg) eutectic structures. In the Mg-Zn-Y alloy, it is also found that 14 H type LPSO phases consist of LPSO phase and I-phase. With the addition of quasicrystal master alloy content, the microstructures are refined, and the mechanical properties are enhanced.

Structure and properties of Al-Mg-Li-Zr system alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fridlyander, I.N.; Dolzhanskij, Yu.M.; Sandler, V.S.; Tyurin, .V.; Nikol'skaya, T.I.

1977-01-01

Studied were the structure and mechanical properties of the Al-Mg-Li-Zr alloy system (including 01420 alloy) containing 1.6-5.3%Li and 1.0-8.8%Mg). Electron microscopic studies of 01420 alloy conducted after heating at 450 deg C for 4 hours revealed non-uniformly distributed precipitations of a metastable phase ZrAl 3 , having spherical and needle-like configurations. These precipitations, together with zirconium contained in the solid solution, retard recrystallization. The introduction of 0.1-0.2% Zr decreases the limiting solubility of magnesium and lithium in the aluminium solid solution and leads to the formation of disperse equilibrium (S and, possibly, γ) phases with the size of 0.1-0.5 mcm. These phases were observed in the alloys containing (>=) 4% Mg and 1.9-3.5% Li. The method of planned experiment was used to study the principles governing the variation of the mechanical properties of the alloys subjected to water hardening and after aging at 170 deg C for 16 hours. It was established that the strength properties of the hardened alloys become higher, and the relative elongation decreases with the content of lithium and especially magnesium. It would be more proper to assess strengthening in the course of aging according to variation in the yield point and hardness. The effect of aging determined by the yield point depends on the content of lithium and is practically independent of the concentration of magnesium

[Effects of dauricine on action potentials and slow inward currents of guinea pig ventricular papillary muscles].

Science.gov (United States)

Li, S N; Zhang, K Y

1992-11-01

Effects of dauricine (Dau) on the action potentials (AP), the slow action potentials (SAP), and the slow inward currents (Isi) of guinea pig ventricular papillary muscles were observed by means of intracellular microelectrode and single sucrose gap voltage clamp technique. In the early stage, Dau shortened action potential duration 100 (APD100) and effective refractory period (ERP) (ERP/APD ERP, and APD20, significantly decreased action potential amplitude (APA), maximum velocity (Vmax), and overshot (OS) (ERP/APD > 1; P SAP induced by isoprenaline (P < 0.01), and remarkably inhibited Isi (P < 0.01). The results suggested that Dau exerted an inhibitory effect on Na+, Ca2+, and K+ channels.

Phase segregation and dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of MgO-doped NBT-BT lead-free ferroelecric ceramics

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Gang; Wang, Ziyang; Zhang, Leiyang; Shi, Wenjing; Jing, Jiayi; Chen, Yi; Liu, Hongbo; Yan, Yan

2018-03-01

MgO doped NBT-BT ceramics were prepared by the conventional electroceramic processing. The effects of MgO on the phase, microstructures and electrical properties of NBT-BT ceramics were systematically investigated. When doping content is more than 1%, a second phase appeared, which has great effect on dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties, such as the T F-R peak weakened, moved to the higher temperature, and eventually disappeared. When the doping content is above 1.5%, the ceramic samples show a strong relaxation. The detailed analysis and discussion can be found within this study.

Pseudobrookite-type MgTi2O5 water purification filter with controlled particle morphology

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Yuta Nakagoshi

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Pseudobrookite-type oxide-based ceramics, such as Al2TiO5 and MgTi2O5, have recently been studied as porous ceramic membranes. Here, the effect of LiF doping on the morphology of MgTi2O5 particles is presented in detail. Water purification filters were produced using porous MgTi2O5, with different particle morphologies. MgCO3 (basic and TiO2 powders with various LiF contents were wet-ball milled, dried, and then, calcined in air at 1100 °C to obtain the MgTi2O5 powders. The powder compacts were sintered at 1000–1200 °C to produce the MgTi2O5 disk filters. The 0.5 wt.% LiF-doped MgTi2O5 disk filter, with elongated grains, showed well-balanced performance removing boehmite particles with diameter of 0.7 μm. Non-doped MgTi2O5 disk filter with equiaxed grains was suitable for precise filtration.

Effects of different phosphorus and potassium fertilization on contents and uptake of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg in winter wheat I. Content of macronutrients

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Renata GAJ

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of the study carried out under field conditions was to evaluate the effect of differentiated phosphorus and potassium fertilization level on nutritional status of winter wheat at stem elongation (BBCH 31 and flowering (BBCH 65 development stages as well as on macronutrient contents in yield obtained (grain and straw. The research was conducted in 2007-2010, within an individual agricultural holding, on lessive soil with medium and high richness in potassium and phosphorus, respectively. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium in wheat changed depending on the organ assessed and plant development stage. At BBCH 31, regardless fertilization level, the plants observed were malnourished with potassium, phosphorus and calcium and at the control site also with nitrogen. Furthermore, there were found significant correlation relationships among the contents of nutrient pairs: nitrogen-potassium, nitrogen-phosphorus, nitrogen-magnesium and nitrogen-calcium. The content of nitrogen in wheat grain and straw differed mainly due to weather conditions during the study. Irrespective of the years of observation, differentiated rates of P and K applied had no significant effect on N accumulation in wheat at full ripening stage. In contrast to nitrogen, the level of P and K fertilization significantly differentiated the contents of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in wheat grain and straw. In case of calcium, the effect of fertilization factor was indicated only as regards the content of this nutrient in grain.

In vitro anthelmintic activity of Barleria buxifolia on Indian adult earthworms and estimation of total flavonoid content

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Purna A. Chander

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Objective: To study the anthelmintic activity of Barleria buxifolia leaf and to estimate the total flavonoid content. Methods: The aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts were prepared and these were analyzed for total flavonoid content by aluminium chloride colorimetric method and Pheretima posthuma was used for anthelmintic activity by using the different concentrations (10, 20, 40, 80 and 100 mg/mL. Results: All the investigational extracts showed an anthelmintic activity at concentration of 10 mg/mL. The ethanolic extract of 100 mg/mL has produced an significant effect (P<0.001 when compared to aqueous extract. The total flavonoid content was found to be 5.67 mg QE/100 g. Conclusions: From the above study, the leaf extract has shown a good anthelmintic activity.

Microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of Mg-Dy-Gd-Zr alloys for medical applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, L; Huang, Y; Feyerabend, F; Willumeit, R; Mendis, C; Kainer, K U; Hort, N

2013-11-01

In previous investigations, a Mg-10Dy (wt.%) alloy with a good combination of corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility showed great potential for use as a biodegradable implant material. However, the mechanical properties of Mg-10Dy alloy are not satisfactory. In order to allow the tailoring of mechanical properties required for various medical applications, four Mg-10(Dy+Gd)-0.2Zr (wt.%) alloys were investigated with respect to microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties. With the increase in Gd content, the number of second-phase particles increased in the as-cast alloys, and the age-hardening response increased at 200°C. The yield strength increased, while the ductility reduced, especially for peak-aged alloys with the addition of Gd. Additionally, with increasing Gd content, the corrosion rate increased in the as-cast condition owing to the galvanic effect, but all the alloys had a similar corrosion rate (~0.5 mm year(-1)) in solution-treated and aged condition. Copyright © 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Biodegradation Resistance and Bioactivity of Hydroxyapatite Enhanced Mg-Zn Composites via Selective Laser Melting

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Cijun Shuai

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Mg-Zn alloys have attracted great attention as implant biomaterials due to their biodegradability and biomechanical compatibility. However, their clinical application was limited due to the too rapid degradation. In the study, hydroxyapatite (HA was incorporated into Mg-Zn alloy via selective laser melting. Results showed that the degradation rate slowed down due to the decrease of grain size and the formation of protective layer of bone-like apatite. Moreover, the grain size continually decreased with increasing HA content, which was attributed to the heterogeneous nucleation and increased number of nucleation particles in the process of solidification. At the same time, the amount of bone-like apatite increased because HA could provide favorable areas for apatite nucleation. Besides, HA also enhanced the hardness due to the fine grain strengthening and second phase strengthening. However, some pores occurred owing to the agglomerate of HA when its content was excessive, which decreased the biodegradation resistance. These results demonstrated that the Mg-Zn/HA composites were potential implant biomaterials.

Composition and content analysis of sugars and organic acids for 45 grape cultivars from northeast region of china

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zaozhu, G.N.; Jia, Z.; Zhihu, R.; Zuhui, Z.; Quan, G.; Hongyan, G.; Xiuwu, G.

2017-01-01

The qualitative and quantitative analysis of sugars and acids of grape cultivars from northeast region of China was carried out for quality evaluation and variety improvement of grape. Analysis of major sugars and organic acids for 45 grape berries was carried out using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The result showed that glucose and fructose were the major sugars, beside that, some grape cultivars also contained sucrose. The quantity of glucose and fructose was almost equal in most of grape berries. A significant positive correlation existed between them, glucose content ranged from 53.24 mg/ml to 124.18mg/ml and fructose content ranged from 48.39 mg/ml to118.84 mg/ml. Tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid and oxalic acid were organic acids and tartaric acid was the main constituent in most grape berries and its concentration was higher than the other organic acids. However, in some grape cultivars, malic acid and citric acid were two highest organic acids while oxalic acid content was the lowest and even in some cultivars it could not be detected. Tartaric acid ranged from 1.28mg/ml to 6.82 mg/ml, malic acid ranged from 0.09mg/ml to 3.95 mg/ml, citric acid ranged from 0.08mg/ml to 4.43 mg/ml, oxalic acid ranged from mg/ml to 0.370 mg/ml. Thirty-four grape cultivars out of 45 cultivars accounted more than 50% tartic acid of the total organic acid contents. However, in cultivars Bixiang Wuhe and Shennong Jinhuanghou citric acid was the main organic acid. Malic acid and citric acid were significantly positively related with total acid. In 43 grape cultivars, the soluble sugars were glucose and fructose. Besides glucose and fructose, sucrose was also observed in cultivars of LN33 and Cayuga white. (author)

Determination of amino acids and protein content in fresh and commercial royal jelly from Bulgaria

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R. Balkanska

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Royal jelly (RJ is popular among consumers around the world due to its perceived health benefits. The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of free and total amino acid profile as well as protein content in order to characterize Bulgarian RJ samples. A total of 17 fresh and commercial RJ samples from different regions of Bulgaria were analyzed. The results obtained show that proline (Pro, lysine (Lys, methionine (Met, aspartic acid (Asp, cysteine (Cys, histidine (His were major free amino acids (FAAs in RJ. The average content of Pro was 2.3 mg/g. The FAA content ranged from 5.5 to 6.2 mg/g of RJ. The most abundant total amino acids (TAAs were aspartic acid (Asp, glutamic acid (Glu, lysine (Lys, leucine (Leu, serine (Ser and proline (Pro. The average TAA content in fresh and commercial RJ were 129±10 and 114±8 mg/g, respectively. The results obtained for TAA content were used to establish a range for amino acid composition of Bulgarian RJ. The content of proteins was higher in fresh RJ than in commercial samples and this difference was significant (p<0.05. The following ranges were observed for fresh and commercial samples 14.7–17.3 and 12.5–14.9 mg/g, respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v29i3.16

In vitro callus culture of Heliotropium indicum Linn. for assessment of total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, Muthusamy Senthil; Chaudhury, Shibani; Balachandran, Srinivasan

2014-12-01

The total phenolic and flavonoid content and percentage of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of callus and in vivo plant parts of Heliotropium indicum Linn. were estimated. Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 2.0 mg/l with benzyladenine (BA) 0.5 mg/l showed the highest amount of callus biomass (1.87 g/tube). The morphology of callus was significantly different according to the plant growth regulators and their concentrations used in the medium. The highest amount of total phenolic (21.70 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram (GAE/g)) and flavonoid (4.90 mg quercetin equivalent per gram (QE/g)) content and the maximum percentage (77.78 %) of radical scavenging activity were estimated in the extract of inflorescence. The synergistic effect of NAA (2.0 mg/l) and BA (0.5 mg/l) enhances the synthesis of total phenolic (9.20 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (1.25 mg QE/g) content in the callus tissue. The callus produced by the same concentration shows 45.24 % of free radical scavenging activity. While comparing the various concentrations of NAA with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for the production of callus biomass, total phenolic and flavonoid content and free radical scavenging activity, all the concentrations of NAA were found to be superior than those of 2,4-D.

Content of heavymetals in Gentiana lutea L. roots and galenic forms

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DRAGOJA RADANOVIC

2007-02-01

Full Text Available An experimental field for the cultivated production of Gentiana lutea L. was established five years ago at the Suvobor Mountain, Serbia. Soil analysis of this area revealed the occurrence of high pseudo-total (Ni – 1270 mg/kg, Cr – 423 mg/kg, Co – 385 mg/kg and available (especially Ni – 133 mg/kg heavy metals contents in the soil. Hence, the aim of this research was to evaluate the quality of Gentiana lutea L. – roots and galenic forms (liquid extract in 70 % ethanol, spissum and siccum produced from the roots, because, for most plants, heavy metals accumulate in the root tissue. The amounts of Ni and Cr found in the analyzed roots were very high (54 mg/kg and 14 mg/kg, respectively. The efficiency of ethanol in extracting heavy metals from the roots varied depending on the particular element. The highest efficiency was obtained for Ni (41.3 %, then for Cd (39.5 %, Pb (37.0% and Co (30.4 %. According to this, a potential hazard exists for humans, if gentian's galenic forms are produced from the raw material with high heavy metals contents. It is concluded that quality control of the raw material must be carried out before further utilization of gentian.

Re-examining the 26Mg(α ,α')26Mg reaction: Probing astrophysically important states in 26Mg

Science.gov (United States)

Adsley, P.; Brümmer, J. W.; Li, K. C. W.; Marín-Lámbarri, D. J.; Kheswa, N. Y.; Donaldson, L. M.; Neveling, R.; Papka, P.; Pellegri, L.; Pesudo, V.; Pool, L. C.; Smit, F. D.; van Zyl, J. J.

2017-11-01

Background: The 22Ne(α ,n )25Mg reaction is one of the neutron sources for the s process in massive stars. The properties of levels in 26Mg above the α -particle threshold control the strengths of the 22Ne(α ,n )25Mg and 22Ne(α ,γ )26Mg reactions. The strengths of these reactions as functions of temperature are one of the major uncertainties in the s process. Purpose: Information on the existence, spin, and parity of levels in 26Mg can assist in constraining the strengths of the 22Ne(α ,γ )26Mg and 22Ne(α ,n )25Mg reactions, and therefore in constraining s -process abundances. Methods: Inelastically scattered α particles from a 26Mg target were momentum-analyzed in the K600 magnetic spectrometer at iThemba LABS, South Africa. The differential cross sections of states were deduced from the focal-plane trajectory of the scattered α particles. Based on the differential cross sections, spin and parity assignments to states are made. Results: A newly assigned 0+ state was observed in addition to a number of other states, some of which can be associated with states observed in other experiments. Some of the deduced Jπ values of the states observed in the present study show discrepancies with those assigned in a similar experiment performed at RCNP Osaka. The reassignments and additions of the various states can strongly affect the reaction rate at low temperatures. Conclusion: The number, location, and assignment of levels in 26Mg that may contribute to the 22Ne+α reactions are not clear. Future experimental investigations of 26Mg must have an extremely good energy resolution to separate the contributions from different levels. Coincidence experiments of 26Mg provide a possible route for future investigations.

Structural, magnetic and electrical characterization of Cd-substituted Mg ferrites synthesized by double sintering technique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zahir, R. [Department of Physics, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chittagong 4349 (Bangladesh); Chowdhury, F.-U.Z, E-mail: faruque@cuet.ac.bd [Department of Physics, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chittagong 4349 (Bangladesh); Uddin, M.M. [Department of Physics, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chittagong 4349 (Bangladesh); Hakim, M.A. [Materials Science Division, Atomic Energy Center, Dhaka 1000 (Bangladesh)

2016-07-15

Cd-substituted Mg ferrites with compositional formula Mg{sub 1−x}Cd{sub x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} with 0.1≤x≤0.6 in the steps of 0.1 have been synthesized by double sintering ceramic technique. The X-ray diffraction analysis has revealed that the samples crystallize in a single phase cubic spinel structure. The lattice parameter has increased with increasing Cd content in conformity with Vegard's law. The study of scanning electron microscopy has revealed that Cd substitution has increased the particle size of the ferrites increases from ~2.2 to 9.2 µm. Some probable interpretations based on literature have been discussed. The increase in particle size with increasing of Cd content has consequently resulted in the initial permeability. The Curie temperature has decreased linearly with increasing Cd content which pointed out the weakening of A-B exchange interaction. The spectra of quality factor have showed a steady bandwidth of 0.1–8 MHz, this finding makes the ferrite system suitable for broadband pulse transformer. The variation of electrical resistivity (DC and AC) has been explained on the basis of electron hopping between Fe{sup 2+}and Fe{sup 3+}. - Highlights: • Synthesis of Cd-substituted Mg ferrites by double sintering ceramic technique. • Studies of Cd substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of Mg Ferrites. • The Curie temperature decreases linearly with increasing Cd concentration. • Due to the conduction of hopping of charge carriers DC resistivity decreases.

Total phosphorus, phytate phosphorus contents and the correlation of phytates with amylose in selected edible beans in Sri Lanka

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Keerthana Sivakumaran

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Phytate a major anti nutritional factors in legumes and it accounts for larger portion of the total phosphorus, while limiting the bioavailablity of certain divalent cations to the human body. Legumes of eleven varieties cultivated in Sri Lanka, Mung bean (MI5, MI6, Cowpea (Waruni, MICP1, Bombay, Dhawala, ANKCP1, Soybean (MISB1, Pb1 and Horse gram (ANKBlack, ANKBrown were analyzed for phosphorus content and phytate content. Total phosphorus content was quantified by dry ashing followed by spectrophotometrical measurement of the blue colour intensity of acid soluble phosphate with sodium molybdate in the presence of ascorbic acid while phytate phosphorus using anion exchange chromatographic technique followed by spectrometrical measurement of the digested organic phosphorus and amylose content by Simple Iodine-Colourimetric method. Where the least value for phosphorus was observed 275.04 ±1.44 mg.100g-1 in ANKBlack (Horse gram and the highest in MISB1 (Soyabean with 654.94 ±0.05 mg.100g-1. The phytate phosphorus content (which is a ratio of phyate to total phosphorus was highest in Dhawala (Cowpea. The phytate phosphorus (which is a ratio of phyate to total phosphorus was highest in Dhawala with 67.42% and least in Bombay (Cowpea with 24.87%. The amylose content of the legumes was least in Pb1 with 8.71 ±0.13 mg.100mg-1 and the highest in MI6 22.58 ±0.71 mg.100mg-1. The correlation between phyate and total phosphorus was significant (p <0.05 and positive (r = 0.62. Similarly the correlation coefficient for phytate phosphorus and total phosphorus was significant (p <0.05 and positive (r = 0.63. Amylose content of legumes was significantly correlated negatively (p <0.05 with the total phytates content (r = -0.82.

Antioxidant Capacity and Metal Content of Physalis Peruviana L. Fruit Sold in Markets

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Ayse Eken

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Aim: The dietary intake of medicinal food with antioxidant activity and required amounts of trace elements is important to pursue good healthy life. In our study, we aimed to determine the antioxidant capacity and metal content of goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L. fruit sold in markets in Kayseri. Material and Method: The antioxidant capacity of P. peruviana fruit was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The DPPH radical scavenger capacity of the methanol extract of fruit was compared with known antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, gallic acid, and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT as references. The metal content of P. peruviana fruit was measured by using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS. Results: The fruit of P. peruviana was found to possess DPPH free radical scavenging activity but the antioxidant capacity was lower than the standard substances. Inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50 values of P. peruviana, ascorbic acid, gallic acid, and BHT were determined as 32 mg/ml, 3.8 mg/ml, 3.51 mg/ml, and 1.21 mg/ml, respectively. As a result of the analysis by AAS, it was observed that P. peruviana fruit contented plentiful trace elements and the content of heavy metal was small amount or not detected. Discussion: These observations suggest that the fruit of P. peruviana has a potential source of antioxidant and trace elements of natural origin.

The influence of salinity and drought stress on sodium,potassium and proline content of solanum lycopersicum l. cv. rio grande

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ali, S.; Rab, A.

2017-01-01

The influence of salinity and drought stress on sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and proline content of Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato) cv. Rio Grande was investigated by exposing the plants to five salinity levels i.e., 0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl and four drought regimes i.e. 0 (Control), 2, 4 and 6 days, applied from seedling (4-5 true leaves) to the harvesting stage. The means across salinity levels showed an increase in proline content and Na+ concentration but a reduced K+ concentrations, resulting in high Na+/K+ ratios in shoot and root tissue. In contrast, drought stress decreased the Na+ and K+ content, Na+/K+ ratio but increased the proline content in both the root and shoot tissue. The interaction of salinity and drought significantly affected the sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) contents, Na+/K+ and proline content of the shoot but K+ content and proline accumulation were not significant. The root and shoot tissue of control plants (0 mMNaCl + 0 Days drought stress) had the minimum Na+ content (2316 and 3490 mu M/g D.wt.), Na+/ K+ ratio (0.399 and 0.364) and proline content (0.72 and 1.91 mu M/g F.wt.) but the highest K+ content (6399 and 9603 mu M/g D.wt.). Whereas, the Na+ content increased with salinity, the K+ content declined. It resulted in the maximum Na+/K+ ratio of the root (1.26) and shoot (0.76) with 200 mMNaCl + 0 Days drought stress. The drought stress also increased the Na+/K+ ratio. Thus, the highest Na+/K+ ratio of root (0.78) and shoot (0.77) was recorded in plants grown under 200 mMNaCl+ 6 Days drought stress. The proline content of the root and shoot were 0.462 and 1.904 mu M/g F.wt. respectively in control plants which increased with increasing salinity and drought stress duration. Thus, the maximum proline content of root (10.61 mu M/g F.wt.) and shoot (28.05 mu M/g F.wt.) was recorded in plants exposed to 200 mMNaCl + 6 days drought stress combination. (author)

The Content of Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity of Wild Strawberry Fruit (Fragaria vesca L.

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Magdalena Dyduch-Siemińska

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Chemical analyses carried out in 2011–2013 aimed at evaluating the contents of flavonoids, free phenolic acids, tannins, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity (% by means of DPPH radical neutralization ability in fresh and air-dried fruits of three wild strawberry cultivars. Examinations revealed differences in contents of biologically active substances determined in raw versus dried material depending on the cultivar. Mean concentrations of flavonoids and tannins were highest in raw fruits of “Baron von Solemacher” cv., which amounted to 1.244 mg·g−1 and 6.09%, respectively. Fresh fruits of “Regina” cv. were characterized by the highest average content of phenolic acids and anthocyanins: 4.987 mg·g−1 and 0.636 mg·100 g−1. The pattern of mean contents of biologically active substances analyzed in air-dried fruits was similar. Significant differences in abilities to neutralize the DPPH radical to diphenylpicrylhydrazine by extracts made of examined wild strawberry fruits were also indicated.

Corrosion behavior of as-cast binary Mg-Bi alloys in Hank's solution

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Wei-li Cheng

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Biodegradable Mg-xBi (x = 3, 6 and 9wt.% alloys were fabricated by ingot casting, and the change of corrosion behavior of the alloys in the Hank's solution was analyzed with respect to the microstructure using optical micrograph (OM, X-ray diffraction (XRD, scanning electron microscope (SEM equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS, electrochemical and immersion tests. The results show that the microstructures of the as-cast Mg-Bi alloys mainly consisted of dendritic ?Mg grains and Mg3Bi2 phase in common, with the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS decreasing significantly from 41.2 靘 to 25.4 靘 and the fraction of Mg3Bi2 increasing from 3.1% to 10.7%. Furthermore, the corrosion rate increasing from 1.32 mm昦-1 to 8.07 mm昦-1 as the Bi content was increased from 3wt.% to 9wt.%. The reduced corrosion resistance was mainly ascribed to the increasing fraction of the second phase particles, which bring positive effects on the development of pitting.

INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETICAL FACTORS ON UREA CONTENT IN HOLSTEIN BREED COWS MILK

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Draženko Budimir

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The aims of this paper were to determine to which extent the environmental factors (order and stadium of lactation, age with the first calving, calving season, region and herd have the influence on the content of urea in milk, and connection of urea content in milk with other features of milk production with cows. The largest share of urea content in milk was recorded in the first lactation, in the period between 110 and 140 days, when it was around 23.6 mg/100 ml. In the end of the first lactation the average urea content in milk was around 21.6 mg/100 ml. The second lactation is chara¬cterized by somewhat bigger urea content, in the period immediately after calving when the highest values from all tracked lactations was recorded. The age of cows with their first calving also had an impact on urea con¬tent in milk. Cows that calved in the age from 24th to 26th month had the highest value of urea content, being 23.2 mg/100 ml for the stated period. The lowest value of urea content was recorded with cows that calved in the age of 18 months and it was below 20 mg/100 ml. Season of calving also influenced the urea content in milk. In winter season 2004 the lowest values of urea content in milk were recorded while in the autumn sea¬son of the same year the highest urea content in milk was measured (24 mg/100 ml. In the following calving season increase of urea content in milk followed. The differences in urea content in milk were determined between the counties. The highest value of heritabi-lity (0.08 was estimated by the model where, as a comparison group, the interaction between the herds and control day was used. In the research the share of variability was explained by the interaction herd-control day and it was 67%, while 25% of variability of urea con¬tent in milk remained unexplained. This model was used when estimating the breeding values. A model was also tested where the influence of herd was used as a comparison group, and by this

Investigation of blue luminescence in Mg doped AlN films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sun, Xiliang; Xiong, Juan, E-mail: xiongjuana@163.com; Zhang, Weihai; Liu, Lei; Gu, Haoshuang, E-mail: guhsh@hubu.edu.cn

2015-02-05

Highlights: • AlN films doped with 0.8–4.4 at.% Mg were deposited by magnetron sputtering. • Structural and photoluminescence properties of Mg-doped AlN films were synthesized in detailed. • A broad blue band centered at 420 nm and 440 nm was observed in Mg-doped AlN films. • An enhancement of A1 (TO) mod and a slightly blue-shift of E2 (high) mode were observed. - Abstract: The Al{sub 1−x}Mg{sub x}N thin films were deposited on (1 0 0) silicon substrates by magnetron sputtering. The structural and photoluminescence properties of the films with varying Mg concentrations were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectra and photoluminescence (PL), respectively. The results clearly showed that the Mg atoms successfully incorporated into AlN, while the crystal structure of the films was maintained. The Raman spectra of Al{sub 1−x}Mg{sub x}N films reveals the enhancement of A{sub 1} (TO) mode, a slightly blue-shift and an augment in FWHM for E{sub 2} (high) phonon mode with increasing Mg content, which can be associated with the deterioration of (0 0 2) orientation and the appearance of (1 0 0) orientation. A broad blue band centered at 420 nm and 440 nm was observed in Mg-doped AlN films. It was suggested that the transitions from the shallow donor level not only to the ground state but also to the excited states of the deep level was responsible for the broad blue emission band. This work indicates the AlN film for the application in lighting emission devices.

POLYPHENOLS, ASCORBIC ACID AND CAROTENOIDS CONTENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES IN FRUITS OF CAPSICUM CHINENSE JACQ.

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M. I. Mamedov

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Capsicum chinense Jacq. is the rich source of phytochemical substances, such as vitamin C, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and occupies a significant place in the cooking of many peoples. The pigment composition, the amount of carotenoids, ascorbic acid and their contribution to the formation of antioxidant properties were studied. The total content of carotenoids and red/yellow pigments varied greatly among the accessions of C. chinense. The highest content of carotenoids 0.581 mg/g was observed in the varieties ‘Ognennaya Deva’ with the red fruit color in the phase of biological ripeness, where red pigments accumulated 56% more than in yellow ones. Fruits of accessions ‘Kolokolchik’ only accumulated yellow pigments, 0.318 mg/g. Presence of significant amount, 2.03 times as much red pigments as yellow ones in the variety ‘Trinidad Scorpion Chocolate’, with protein complex could cause the formation of a brown fruit color. Another tendency was observed in ‘Trinidad Dglahou’. The yellow pigment is 1.5 times as much amount as red, as estimated 0.119 mg/g of yellow and 0.077 mg/g of red pigment. The ascorbic acid content did not depend on the fruit color. Fruits of the ‘Ognennaya Deva’ accumulated the highest amount of ascorbic acid, 301 mg%. The maximum total antioxidant content, was detected in the variety ‘Ognennaya Deva’ 2.65 (TAC, mg.eq. GA/g. Analysis of the dependence of the content of thermo stable antioxidants to the total ones showed the contribution of the unstable antioxidants to thermal effects (particularly ascorbic acid on the level of 16%, on average. A comparative assessment of the pungency level and quantitative capsaicin content in the fruit was carried out by organoleptic, spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. The intervals of observed concentrations of capsaicin were 1.0-7.5 mg/g of dry weight (HPLC, the level of pungency on the Scoville scale was 17440-153120 SHU. There

Optical properties of Zn{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}Se epilayers studied by spectroscopy methods[thin films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Glowacki, G; Gapinski, A; Derkowska, B; Bala, W [Institute of Physics, N. Copernicus University, Torun (Poland); Sahraoui, B [Laboratoire des Proprietes Optiques des Materiaux et Applications (POMA), Universite d' Angeres, Angeres (France)

1998-07-01

Linear optical properties of Zn{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}Se (0 {<=} x {<=} 0.4) alloys have been studied using reflectance, spectroscopic ellipsometry and photoluminescence measurements. The refractive indexes of Zn{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}Se epilayers were investigated as a function of Mg composition (0 {<=} x {<=} 0.4). The energies of band gap E{sub g} and spin-orbit splitting E{sub g} + {delta}, have been determined. These energies are shifted gradually to higher values with increasing Mg content. (author)

Phosphorus Doped Zn 1- x Mg x O Nanowire Arrays

KAUST Repository

Lin, S. S.

2009-11-11

We demonstrate the growth of phosphorus doped Zn 1-xMg xO nanowire (NW) using pulsed laser deposition. For the first time, p-type Zn 0.92Mg 0.08O:P NWs are likely obtained In reference to atomic force microscopy based piezoelectric output measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the transport property between the NWs and a n-type ZnO film. A shallow acceptor level of ∼140 meV Is identified by temperaturedependent photoluminescence. A piezoelectric output of 60 mV on average has been received using the doped NWs. Besides a control on NW aspect ratio and density, band gap engineering has also been achieved by alloying with Mg to a content of x = 0.23. The alloyed NWs with controllable conductivity type have potential application In high-efficiency all-ZnO NWs based LED, high-output ZnO nanogenerator, and other optical or electrical devices. © 2009 American Chemical Society.

Lead contamination of environment in Meza Valley, Yugoslavia: some considerations on lead content in soil and plants

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Djuric, D; Kerin, Z

1970-01-01

As part of a broad ecological study of lead contamination, soil samples and underground parts of some vegetables were analyzed for lead by the dithizone method. Vegetables fell into three groups: those with a relatively high Pb content (over 30 mg/kg); those with a medium Pb content (over 10 mg/kg); and those with a low Pb content (under 5 mg/kg). Variations in Pb content in the same kind of vegetables represented variations in soil Pb content and absorption. Variations between different kinds of vegetables were due to differences in plant physiology and capacity of absorption, shape and size of root, and depth of root in soil. Lead content was higher in vegetables grown in summer and fall than for the same vegetables grown in spring. Lead absorption coefficients were calculated for underground parts of vegetables according to the relation between the Pb content of the plant and total Pb content of soil and according to the relation between the Pb content of the plant and the AL-soluble Pb in soil (AL is the ammonium lactate acetic acid mixture). The latter method gave much less dispersed coefficients, indicating that AL-soluble Pb represents much more authoritative data for determining absorption coefficients than total soil Pb.

Volatile release from self-assembly structured emulsions: effect of monoglyceride content, oil content, and oil type.

Science.gov (United States)

Mao, Like; Roos, Yrjö H; Miao, Song

2013-02-20

Monoglycerides (MGs) can form self-assembled structures in emulsions, which can be used to control volatile release. In this study, initial headspace concentrations (C(initial)), maximum headspace concentrations (C(max)), release rates, and partition coefficients of propanol, diacetyl, hexanal, and limonene were determined in MG structured oil-in-water emulsions using dynamic and static headspace analyses. For all of the volatile compounds, C(initial) values above structured emulsions were significantly lower than those above unstructured emulsions and decreased with increasing MG contents (p triglyceride emulsions than in soybean oil emulsions (p structured emulsions than in unstructured emulsions (p structured emulsions can be potentially used as delivery systems to modulate volatile release.

Preparation and thermoluminescent dosimetry features of high sensitivity LiF:Mg,Ce phosphor

Science.gov (United States)

Shoushtari, M. K.; Zahedifar, M.; Sadeghi, E.

2018-04-01

Thermoluminescence (TL) kinetics and dosimetry features of newly produced LiF doped with Mg and Ce were investigated. Different contents of Mg (0-1 mol%) and Ce (0-2 mol%) were introduced in host material by melting method. The most TL sensitivity of the fabricated phosphor was obtained at 0.7 and 0.05 mol% concentrations of Mg and Ce impurities, respectively. The optimum pre-irradiation annealing regime of the synthesized LiF-based material was found at 350 °C for 10 min. Kinetic parameters of LiF:Mg,Ce dosimeter were obtained using different methods of computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD), initial rise (IR) and isothermal decay (ID). A good conformity are observed between the results obtained from different kinetic analysis methods. Other TL features such as fading, dose response and reusability were also examined.

NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND HEAVY METALS CONTENTS OF THE DRIED SEA CUCUMBER Stichopus vastus FROM SALEMO ISLAND, INDONESIA

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Abdullah Rasyid

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The dried sea cucumber Stichopus vastus is one of the commercially species harvested in Indonesian waters. This study aims to highlight the nutritional value and heavy metals content of dried sea cucumber S. vastus. Proximate (moisture, ash, protein, fat and carbohydrate, mineral (sodium, calcium, potassium and iron and heavy metal (mercury, cadmium, arsenic and lead were determined by standard method of AOAC, while phosphorous was determined by spectrophotometric method. Chondroitin sulphate was determined by UPLC method, glucosamine sulphate and vitamin (A, B1, B2 and E by HPLC method. Results show that protein was the major component in proximate analysis of dried sea cucumber S. vastus in the present study. The protein content was 38.70%. Moisture, ash, fat and carbohydrate content were 19.46%, 34.04%, 0.38% and 7.42% respectively. All vitamins and heavy metals examined in this study were not detected. The sodium content was 8054.36 mg/100 g higher than other minerals. Calcium, potassium, phosphorus and iron content were 2449.9 mg/100 g, 159.77 mg/100 g, 5085.2 mg/100 g and 520.8 mg/100 g respectively. Glucosamine sulphate content was found to be 2.429 g/100 g, whereas chondroitin sulphate was found to be 1.115 g/100 g. It can therefore, be concluded that the dried sea cucumber S. vastus from Salemo Island is safe for human consumption and hence can be used as a source of food supplement in the future. Keywords: food supplement, Salemo island, Stichopus vastus

Age hardening in mechanically alloyed Al-Mg-Li-C-O

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Papazian, J.M. (Corporate Research Center, Grumman Corporation, Bethpage, NY (USA)); Gilman, P. (Allied-Signal Inc., Morristown, NJ (USA))

1990-05-01

The age-hardening behavior of a series of mechanically alloyed Al-Mg-Li-C-O alloys containing 3.0-4.0 wt.% Mg and 1.3-1.75 wt.% Li was studied using hardness tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy. The hardness tests showed an increased hardness after 100degC aging in all the alloys containing at least 1.5 at.% Li. Likewise, the calorimetry results showed the presence of pronounced precipitate dissolution peaks in these same alloys after 100degC aging. The volume fraction of precipitates formed (as measured by the dissolution enthalpies of the DSC peaks) increased systematically with increasing solute content. Transmission electron microscopy after 100 and 190degC aging showed images and diffraction spots similar to those of {delta}' (Al{sub 3}Li). Comparison of the DSC results with results from binary Al-Li and Al-Mg alloys indicated that the precipitates formed in the Al-Mg-Li-C-O alloys were similar to those formed in binary Al-Li alloys, and that the primary role of the magnesium was to lower the solid solubility of lithium. (orig.).

PENGARUH DESENTRALISASI FISKAL TERHADAP DISPARITAS PENDAPATAN REGIONAL DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2001-200

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Muhammad Andry Nurman

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimanakah pengaruh desentralisasi fiskal terhadap disparitas pendapatan regional di Indonesia selama periode 2001-2008. Studi dilakukan terhadap Kabupaten/Kota di Indonesia yang merupakan titik tolak dari desentralisasi di Indonesia. Sampel yang diteliti sebanyak 253 Kabupaten/Kota. Variabel yang digunakan sebagai proxy dari desentralisasi fiskal adalah: belanja langsung (desentralisasi pengeluaran, serta PAD, DAU dan Dana Bagi Hasil (desentralisasi penerimaan. Studi menggunakan pendekatan data panel dan alat analisis Least Square Dummy Variables (LSDV atau juga dikenal sebagai Fixed Effect Model (FEM dan Newey West Method atau juga dikenal sebagai HAC (heteroscedasticity-and autocorrelation-consistent untuk menghilangkan heteroskedastisitas dan autokorelasi. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa variabel belanja langsung telah mampu untuk mengurangi disparitas pendapatan regional, sebaliknya DAU justru mengakibatkan meningkatnya disparitas pendapatan regional. Terdapat indikasi bahwa penyebab utamanya adalah adanya missallocated di dalam mekanisme alokasi DAU. Sementara itu variabel PAD dan Dana Bagi Hasil tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap disparitas pendapatan regional. This study aims to analyze how the influence of fiscal decentralization on regional income disparity in Indonesia during the period 2001-2008. Studies conducted on municipalities in Indonesia. 253 municipalities are used as samples. The variables used as proxies of fiscal decentralization are: direct expenditure (expenditure decentralization, and PAD, DAU and DBH (revenue decentralization. The study is using panel data approach and Least Square Dummy Variables (LSDV as an analytical tool or also known as the Fixed Effect Modeland Newey West method or also known as HAC (heteroscedasticity-and Autocorrelation-consistent to remove heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation. The study shows that direct expenditure variable has been able to reduce

Source of Global Scale Variations in the Midday Vertical Content of Ionospheric Metal Ions

Science.gov (United States)

Joiner, J.; Grebowsky, J. M.; Pesnell, W. D.; Aikin, A. C.; Goldberg, Richard A.

1999-01-01

An analysis of long baseline NIMBUS 7 SBUV (Solar Backscatter UV Spectrometer) observations of the latitudinal variation of the noontime vertical Mg' content above approx. 70 km have revealed seasonal, solar activity and magnetic activity dependencies in the Mg+ content. The distributions were categorized in terms of magnetic coordinates partially because transport processes lifting metallic ions from the main meteor ionization layer below 100 km up into the F- region and down again are controlled by electrodynamical processes. Alternatively, the Nimbus Mg+ distributions may simply be a result of ion/neutral chemistry changes resulting from atmospheric changes and not dynamics. In such a case magnetic control would not dominate the distributions. Using in situ satellite measurements of metal ions from the Atmosphere Explorer satellites in the region above the main meteor layer and published sounding rocket measurements of the main metallic ion layers, the effects of the dynamics on the vertical content are delineated. The consequences of atmospheric changes on the vertical content are explored by separating the Nimbus measurements in a geodetic frame of reference.

Optical absorption and thermoluminescence in Mg O, Mg O:Ni and Mg O:Li irradiated at room temperature; Absorcion optica y termoluminiscencia en MgO, MgO:Ni y MgO:Li irradiados a temperatura ambiente

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Delgado, L

1984-07-01

Optical absorption and thermoluminescence (TL) studies in Mg O, Mg O:Ni and Mg O:Li irradiated at room temperature are presented. In pure Mg O the thermal annihilation of Fe3+ by recombination with thermally released electrons at {approx} 90 and 175 degree centigree and the V center annealing by hole release up to 100 degree centigree cause the observed glow peaks at these temperatures. The TL excitation spectrum shows two maxima at 245 nm (electron center) and 288 nm (Fe3+). In Mg O:Ni X irradiation induces Fe{sup 2}+ {yields}- Fe{sup 3}+ and Ni{sup 2}+ {yields} Ni{sup 3}+ oxidations. Two TL emission bands centered at 110 degree centigree (red) and 80 o{sup C} (green) are assigned to electron release and their recombination at Fe{sup 3}+ and Ni{sup 3}+ respectively. In Mg O:Li two TL emission bands, one blue (430 nm) and the other red (730 nm) with excitation maxima at 245 nm (electron center) and 200 nm (hole center) respectively are observed. No V-center formation was detected in both Ni and Li doped samples. (Author) 42 refs.

Behaviour of Fe4O5-Mg2Fe2O5 solid solutions and their relation to coexisting Mg-Fe silicates and oxide phases

Science.gov (United States)

Uenver-Thiele, Laura; Woodland, Alan B.; Miyajima, Nobuyoshi; Ballaran, Tiziana Boffa; Frost, Daniel J.

2018-03-01

Experiments at high pressures and temperatures were carried out (1) to investigate the crystal-chemical behaviour of Fe4O5-Mg2Fe2O5 solid solutions and (2) to explore the phase relations involving (Mg,Fe)2Fe2O5 (denoted as O5-phase) and Mg-Fe silicates. Multi-anvil experiments were performed at 11-20 GPa and 1100-1600 °C using different starting compositions including two that were Si-bearing. In Si-free experiments the O5-phase coexists with Fe2O3, hp-(Mg,Fe)Fe2O4, (Mg,Fe)3Fe4O9 or an unquenchable phase of different stoichiometry. Si-bearing experiments yielded phase assemblages consisting of the O5-phase together with olivine, wadsleyite or ringwoodite, majoritic garnet or Fe3+-bearing phase B. However, (Mg,Fe)2Fe2O5 does not incorporate Si. Electron microprobe analyses revealed that phase B incorporates significant amounts of Fe2+ and Fe3+ (at least 1.0 cations Fe per formula unit). Fe-L2,3-edge energy-loss near-edge structure spectra confirm the presence of ferric iron [Fe3+/Fetot = 0.41(4)] and indicate substitution according to the following charge-balanced exchange: [4]Si4+ + [6]Mg2+ = 2Fe3+. The ability to accommodate Fe2+ and Fe3+ makes this potential "water-storing" mineral interesting since such substitutions should enlarge its stability field. The thermodynamic properties of Mg2Fe2O5 have been refined, yielding H°1bar,298 = - 1981.5 kJ mol- 1. Solid solution is complete across the Fe4O5-Mg2Fe2O5 binary. Molar volume decreases essentially linearly with increasing Mg content, consistent with ideal mixing behaviour. The partitioning of Mg and Fe2+ with silicates indicates that (Mg,Fe)2Fe2O5 has a strong preference for Fe2+. Modelling of partitioning with olivine is consistent with the O5-phase exhibiting ideal mixing behaviour. Mg-Fe2+ partitioning between (Mg,Fe)2Fe2O5 and ringwoodite or wadsleyite is influenced by the presence of Fe3+ and OH incorporation in the silicate phases.

Strength of Al and Al-Mg/alumina bonds prepared using ultrahigh vacuum diffusion bonding

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

King, W.E.; Campbell, G.H.; Wien, W.L.; Stoner, S.L.

1994-01-01

The authors have measured the cross-breaking strength of Al and Al-Mg alloys bonded with alumina. Diffusion bonding of Al and Al-Mg alloys requires significantly more bonding time than previously thought to obtain complete bonding. In contrast to previous diffusion bonding studies, fracture morphologies are similar to those obtained in bonds formed by liquid phase reaction; i.e., bonds are as strong or stronger than the ceramic; and fracture tends to propagate in the metal for pure Al and near the interface in the ceramic for the alloys. There are indications that the fracture morphology depends on Mg content and therefore on plasticity in the metal

Study of copper (Cu) contents in blood cockles (Anadara sp.) at Surabaya coastal waters

Science.gov (United States)

Alfionita, S.; Pursetyo, K. T.; Sahidu, A. M.

2018-04-01

Heavy metal pollution categorized as harmful effect on the environment. This study aims to determine the content and the rate of accumulation of heavy metals copper (Cu) in the mussel of cockles (Anadara sp.) This study uses observation method with descriptive analysis. The test results Cu in sea water was pollution classification 49.98 mg Cu/kg. The results of shells fur Cu on Wonokromo was 1.833 mg/kg and Dadapan was 1.352 mg/kg. According to the MOH Decree No.0375/B/SK/1989 about Quality Standard Biota Consumption of Metals to the maximum limit of the existing Cu concentrations in marine biota was 20 ppm or 20 mg / kg so that the content of Cu in shellfish feathers still below the limit of existing quality standards.

Microstructure, mechanical property and corrosion behavior of interpenetrating (HA + β-TCP)/MgCa composite fabricated by suction casting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, X.; Dong, L.H.; Li, J.T.; Li, X.L.; Ma, X.L.; Zheng, Y.F.

2013-01-01

The novel interpenetrating (HA + β-TCP)/MgCa composites were fabricated by infiltrating MgCa alloy into porous HA + β-TCP using suction casting technique. The microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviors of the composites have been evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), mechanical testing, electrochemical and immersion tests. It was shown that the composites had compact structure and the interfacial bonding between MgCa alloy and HA + β-TCP scaffolds was very well. The ultimate compressive strength of the composites was about 500–1000 fold higher than that of the original porous scaffolds, and it still retained quarter-half of the strength of the bulk MgCa alloy. The electrochemical and immersion tests indicated that the corrosion resistance of the composites was better than that of the MgCa matrix alloy, and the corrosion products of the composite surface were mainly Mg(OH) 2 , HA and Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 . Meanwhile, the mechanical and corrosive properties of the (HA + β-TCP)/MgCa composites were adjustable by the choice of HA content. - Highlights: • The composites were fabricated by infiltrating MgCa alloy into porous HA + β-TCP. • The microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties were investigated. • It showed composites had compact structures and good interfacial bonding. • The mechanical and corrosive properties can be adjustable by the HA content. • The corrosion mechanism of the composite has been explained

Effect of alcoholic fermentation in the content of phenolic compounds in cider processing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alessandro Nogueira

2008-10-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work was to study the effect of alcoholic fermentation on the content of phenol compounds of five cider apple varieties. The initial content in the apple juice samples, as determined by HPLC, varied from 188.4 to 2776.17 m mg.L-1. In three of them (DC, PJ, GU, the total phenol compounds remained unaffected by fermentation. However, in two (DM, KE, the final values were lower (55 and 313 mg.L-1. In these apple cider, the values of caffeic acid increased from 6.6 mg.L-1 to 41.8 mg.L-1. The catechin content increased during the process, approximately 13 mg.L-1 independent of the variety. The other phenols class did not present any modifications due to the alcoholic fermentation, maintaining the phenolic compounds of original clarified apple juice in the cider.O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito da fermentação alcoólica no teor de compostos fenólicos de cinco mostos de maçãs industriais. Os compostos fenólicos foram analisados por HPLC. Os mostos apresentaram fenóis totais entre 188,4 a 2776,17 mg.L-1. Os teores de fenóis durante a fermentação permaneceram os mesmos para as variedades DC, PJ e GU, entretanto, em DM e KE foi observada uma diminuição dos teores de fenóis (55 e 313 mg.L-1, respectivamente. Em KE o teor do ácido caféico aumentou de 6,6 mg.L-1 para 41,8 mg.L-1. O teor de catequinas aumentou cerca de 13 mg.L-1 durante o processo, independente da variedade. As outras classes de fenóis não apresentaram modificações com a fermentação alcoólica, permanecendo na sidra os compostos fenólicos do suco de maçã clarificado.

The certification of the contents (mass fractions) of sulphur in six coals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Griepink, B; Maier, E A; Wilkinson, H C [CEC, Bruxelles (Belgium)

1990-01-01

This report presents the preparation and the certification of the sulphur content of six coal reference materials: low volatile steam coal (CRM 331), high volatile industrial coal (CRM 332), coking steam coal (CRM 333), anthracite (CRM 334), flame coal (CRM 335) and high volatile steam coal (CRM 336), as well as the homogeneity and stability studies. The analytical work leading to certification is also presented. The certified mass fractions for total sulphur in CRMs 331, 332, 333, 334, 335 and 336 respectively are 4.99 mg/g, 9.61 mg/g, 13.44 mg/g, 16.09 mg/g, 50.8 mg/g and 32.90 mg/g.

Contribution of food additives to sodium and phosphorus content of diets rich in processed foods.

Science.gov (United States)

Carrigan, Anna; Klinger, Andrew; Choquette, Suzanne S; Luzuriaga-McPherson, Alexandra; Bell, Emmy K; Darnell, Betty; Gutiérrez, Orlando M

2014-01-01

Phosphorus-based food additives increase the total phosphorus content of processed foods. However, the extent to which these additives augment total phosphorus intake per day is unclear. To examine the contribution of phosphorus-based food additives to the total phosphorus content of processed foods, separate 4-day menus for a low-additive and additive-enhanced diet were developed using Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) software. The low-additive diet was designed to conform to U.S. Department of Agriculture guidelines for energy and phosphorus intake (∼2,000 kcal/day and 900 mg of phosphorus per day), and it contained minimally processed foods. The additive-enhanced diet contained the same food items as the low-additive diet except that highly processed foods were substituted for minimally processed foods. Food items from both diets were collected, blended, and sent for measurement of energy and nutrient intake. The low-additive and additive-enhanced diet provided approximately 2,200 kcal, 700 mg of calcium, and 3,000 mg of potassium per day on average. Measured sodium and phosphorus content standardized per 100 mg of food was higher each day of the additive-enhanced diet as compared with the low-additive diet. When averaged over the 4 menu days, the measured phosphorus and sodium contents of the additive-enhanced diet were 606 ± 125 and 1,329 ± 642 mg higher than the low-additive diet, respectively, representing a 60% increase in total phosphorus and sodium content on average. When comparing the measured values of the additive-enhanced diet to NDSR-estimated values, there were no statistically significant differences in measured versus estimated phosphorus contents. Phosphorus and sodium additives in processed foods can substantially augment phosphorus and sodium intake, even in relatively healthy diets. Current dietary software may provide reasonable estimates of the phosphorus content in processed foods. Copyright © 2014 National Kidney

Polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of fruit and vegetable beverages processed by different technology methods

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jiří Mlček

2016-10-01

Full Text Available The purpose of the natural drinks production is the preservation of biologically active compounds in maximal amount in prepared drinks. The issue is the loss of these substances due to conventional conservation methods, such as pasteurization. Pascalization, a conservation method using high pressure, performs a new trend in conservation. According to available research, it causes only a minimal loss of bioactive compounds. Influence of conservation technology of fruit and vegetable beverages on the content of bioactive substances - polyphenols, flavonoids and on their antioxidative activity has been investigated. Their content has been compared in fresh juice samples, in samples conserved by pasteurization and after the appliance of high pressure treatment - pascalization (HPP. HPP has a positive effect on total antioxidative capacity of juices - broccoli with apple (increase of the amount from 189.12 mg.100 mL-1 to 217.12 mg.100 mL-1 and beetroot and on total polyphenol content within all samples of beverages except from carrot juice. Decrease of the amounts of flavonoids has been observed within all beverages. For drinks after pasteurization treatment there is evident the decrease of total polyphenols content and total antioxidant activity, besides carrot juice, where the antioxidant capacity value had increased from 37.24 to 43.14 mg.100 mL-1. The flavonoid content of fruit and vegetable juices after heat treatment had increased only in the juice prepared from broccoli with apple (from 40.71 mg.100 mL-1 to 45.14 mg.100 mL-1, the content in other juices had decreased. However, the decrease of the flavonoid content is lower after heat treatment in comparison to HPP, except the samples of cabbage juice with apple. With the exception of flavonoids, HPP has been proved as a gentle conservation technology enabling preserving higher amounts of bioactive substances with antioxidative properties if compared with the heat treatment. For the samples

Modeling and stabilities of Mg/MgH2 interfaces: A first-principles investigation

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Jia-Jun Tang

2014-07-01

Full Text Available We have theoretically investigated the modeling and the structural stabilities of various Mg/MgH2 interfaces, i.e. Mg(101¯0/MgH2(210, Mg(0001/MgH2(101 and Mg(101¯0/MgH2(101, and provided illuminating insights into Mg/MgH2 interface. Specifically, the main factors, which impact the interfacial energies, are fully considered, including surface energies of two phases, mutual lattice constants of interface model, and relative position of two phases. The surface energies of Mg and MgH2, on the one hand, are found to be greatly impacting the interfacial energies, reflected by the lowest interfacial energy of Mg(0001/MgH2(101 which is comprised of two lowest energy surfaces. On the other hand, it is demonstrated that the mutual lattice constants and the relative position of two phases lead to variations of interfacial energies, thus influencing the interface stabilities dramatically. Moreover, the Mg-H bonding at interface is found to be the determinant of Mg/MgH2 interface stability. Lastly, interfacial and strain effects on defect formations are also studied, both of which are highly facilitating the defect formations. Our results provide a detailed insight into Mg/MgH2 interface structures and the corresponding stabilities.