Aspectos legales del uso de drogas ilícitas en México Aspectos legais do uso de drogas ilícitas no México Illegal aspects of illicit drugs use in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ruth Magdalena Gallegos Torres

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue conocer las opiniones de un grupo de personas sobre aspectos legales en materia de adicción. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal; se aplicó una encuesta estructurada, formada por 4 apartados. Uno de los criterios para participar fue que la persona no consumiera drogas y que conociera a alguien cercano que las consumía. Los datos obtenidos se procesaron en el paquete estadístico SPSS V. 14. Participaron 100 sujetos, en el cual, 75% eran del género femenino, 38% tenían una relación de amistad con un usuario de drogas ilícitas, el cual consumía mayoritariamente marihuana y cocaína. Como opinión general, se sugiere que las leyes sean más rigurosas para quienes consumen, venden o transportan drogas. Las leyes actuales no mejoran la conducta criminal de los consumidores. Es importante realizar otros estudios, de opinión sobre este fenómeno, que puedan ofrecer una visión más real del problema de las drogas.Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer as opiniões de um grupo de pessoas sobre questões jurídicas no domínio dos vícios. É estudo transversal, descritivo. Para o levantamento, foi utilizado um questionário estruturado com quatro temas. Um dos critérios para a participação era de que a pessoa não usasse drogas e que tivesse alguém próximo que usasse. Os dados foram processados usando SPSS V. 14. Participaram 100 indivíduos, dos quais 75% eram do sexo feminino, 38% tinham relação amigável com um usuário de drogas ilícitas, principalmente consumidores de maconha e cocaína. Como opinião geral sugeriram que as leis deviam ser mais punitivas para aqueles que consomem, vendem ou transportam drogas. As leis vigentes não melhoram o comportamento criminoso dos consumidores. É importante conduzir estudos de opinião sobre o fenômeno para que se possa ter visão mais realista do problema do consumo de droga.The objective of this cross-sectional, descriptive study was to obtain the

Experiences and opinions of health-care professionals regarding legal abortion in Mexico City: a qualitative study.

Science.gov (United States)

Contreras, Xipatl; van Dijk, Marieke G; Sanchez, Tahilin; Smith, Patricio Sanhueza

2011-09-01

This study examines the experiences and opinions of health-care professionals after the legalization of abortion in Mexico City in 2007. Sixty-four semistructured interviews were conducted between 1 December 2007 and 16 July 2008 with staff affiliated with abortion programs in 12 hospitals and 1 health center, including obstetricians/gynecologists, nurses, social workers, key decisionmakers at the Ministry of Health, and others. Findings suggest that program implementation was difficult because of the lack of personnel, space, and resources; a great number of conscientious objectors; and the enormous influx of women seeking services, which resulted in a work overload for participating professionals. The professionals interviewed indicate that the program improved significantly over time. They generally agree that legal abortion should be offered, despite serious concerns about repeat abortions. They recommend improving family planning campaigns and post-procedure contraceptive use, and they encourage the opening of primary health-care facilities dedicated to providing abortion services.

Exploring the Association of Homicides in Northern Mexico and Healthcare Access for US Residents.

Science.gov (United States)

Geissler, Kimberley H; Becker, Charles; Stearns, Sally C; Thirumurthy, Harsha; Holmes, George M

2015-08-01

Many legal residents in the United States (US)-Mexico border region cross from the US into Mexico for medical treatment and pharmaceuticals. We analyzed whether recent increases in homicides in Mexico are associated with reduced healthcare access for US border residents. We used data on healthcare access, legal entries to the US from Mexico, and Mexican homicide rates (2002-2010). Poisson regression models estimated associations between homicide rates and total legal US entries. Multivariate difference-in-difference linear probability models evaluated associations between Mexican homicide rates and self-reported measures of healthcare access for US residents. Increased homicide rates were associated with decreased legal entries to the US from Mexico. Contrary to expectations, homicides did not have significant associations with healthcare access measures for legal residents in US border counties. Despite a decrease in border crossings, increased violence in Mexico did not appear to negatively affect healthcare access for US border residents.

Social stigma, legal and public health barriers faced by the third gender phenomena in Brazil, India and Mexico: Travestis, hijras and muxes.

Science.gov (United States)

Diehl, Alessandra; Vieira, Denise Leite; Zaneti, Marina Milograna; Fanganiello, Ana; Sharan, Pratap; Robles, Rebecca; de Jesus Mari, Jair

2017-08-01

The aim of this article is to provide a narrative literature review of the 'third gender' phenomenon in Brazil ( Travestis), India ( Hijras) and Mexico ( Muxes), considering the social stigma, the legal and health aspects of these identities. These three groups share similar experiences of stigmatisation, marginalisation, sexual abuse, HIV infection, infringement of civil rights and harassment accessing health services. Brazil, India and Mexico public services for the third gender conditions are still very scarce and inadequate for the heavy demand from potential users. Although all three countries have used legislation to promote provision of comprehensive healthcare services for third gender, there is still strong resistance to implementation of such laws and policies. Brazil, India and Mexico face a huge challenge to become countries where all human rights are respected.

The environmental policy in Mexico: Crisis and perspectives; La politica ambiental en Mexico: Crisis y perspectivas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Urquidi, Victor [Colegio de Mexico, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1997-12-31

In this paper some aspects of the environmental situation in Mexico are condensed. The main roll performed by the modality of the energy resources consumption and the evolution of the environmental policy in Mexico from 1971 to 1996 is analyzed. It is concluded that in Mexico it has not been able to define the environmental policy in all its extension requiring, therefore, a greater participation of all the sectors to protect Nature and fight against the industrial and municipal pollution [Espanol] En esta ponencia se resumen algunos aspectos de la situacion ambiental actual de Mexico. Se analiza el papel central desempenado por la modalidad del consumo de energeticos y la evolucion de la politica ambiental en Mexico desde 1971 hasta 1996. Se concluye en que la politica ambiental en Mexico no se ha podido definir todavia en todos sus alcances por lo que se requiere una mayor participacion de todos los sectores para proteger la naturaleza y combatir la contaminacion industrial y municipal

The environmental policy in Mexico: Crisis and perspectives; La politica ambiental en Mexico: Crisis y perspectivas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Urquidi, Victor [Colegio de Mexico, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1996-12-31

In this paper some aspects of the environmental situation in Mexico are condensed. The main roll performed by the modality of the energy resources consumption and the evolution of the environmental policy in Mexico from 1971 to 1996 is analyzed. It is concluded that in Mexico it has not been able to define the environmental policy in all its extension requiring, therefore, a greater participation of all the sectors to protect Nature and fight against the industrial and municipal pollution [Espanol] En esta ponencia se resumen algunos aspectos de la situacion ambiental actual de Mexico. Se analiza el papel central desempenado por la modalidad del consumo de energeticos y la evolucion de la politica ambiental en Mexico desde 1971 hasta 1996. Se concluye en que la politica ambiental en Mexico no se ha podido definir todavia en todos sus alcances por lo que se requiere una mayor participacion de todos los sectores para proteger la naturaleza y combatir la contaminacion industrial y municipal

Patient characteristics and service trends following abortion legalization in Mexico City, 2007-10.

Science.gov (United States)

Mondragón y Kalb, Manuel; Ahued Ortega, Armando; Morales Velazquez, Jorge; Díaz Olavarrieta, Claudia; Valencia Rodríguez, Jorge; Becker, Davida; García, Sandra G

2011-09-01

Legal abortion services have been available in public and private health facilities in Mexico City since April 2007 for pregnancies of up to 12 weeks gestation. As of January 2011, more than 50,000 procedures have been performed by Ministry of Health hospitals and clinics. We researched trends in service users' characteristics, types of procedures performed, post-procedure complications, repeat abortions, and postabortion uptake of contraception in 15 designated hospitals from April 2007 to March 2010. The trend in procedures has been toward more medication and manual vacuum aspiration abortions and fewer done through dilation and curettage. Percentages of post-procedure complications and repeat abortions remain low (2.3 and 0.9 percent, respectively). Uptake of postabortion contraception has increased over time; 85 percent of women selected a method in 2009-10, compared with 73 percent in 2007-08. Our findings indicate that the Ministry of Health's program provides safe services that contribute to the prevention of repeat unintended pregnancies.

Qualitative evidence on abortion stigma from Mexico City and five states in Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Sorhaindo, Annik M; Juárez-Ramírez, Clara; Díaz Olavarrieta, Claudia; Aldaz, Evelyn; Mejía Piñeros, María Consuelo; Garcia, Sandra

2014-01-01

Social manifestations of abortion stigma depend upon cultural, legal, and religious context. Abortion stigma in Mexico is under-researched. This study explored the sources, experiences, and consequences of stigma from the perspectives of women who had had an abortion, male partners, and members of the general population in different regional and legal contexts. We explored abortion stigma in Mexico City where abortion is legal in the first trimester and five states-Chihuahua, Chiapas, Jalisco, Oaxaca, and Yucatán-where abortion remains restricted. In each state, we conducted three focus groups-men ages 24-40 years (n = 36), women 25-40 years (n = 37), and young women ages 18-24 years (n = 27)-and four in-depth face-to-face interviews in total; two with women (n = 12) and two with the male partners of women who had had an abortion (n = 12). For 4 of the 12 women, this was their second abortion. This exploratory study suggests that abortion stigma was influenced by norms that placed a high value on motherhood and a conservative Catholic discourse. Some participants in this study described abortion as an "indelible mark" on a woman's identity and "divine punishment" as a consequence. Perspectives encountered in Mexico City often differed from the conservative postures in the states.

Public opinion on abortion in eight Mexican states amid opposition to legalization.

Science.gov (United States)

Valencia Rodríguez, Jorge; Wilson, Kate S; Díaz Olavarrieta, Claudia; García, Sandra G; Sánchez Fuentes, Maria Luisa

2011-09-01

In opposition to Mexico City's legalization of first-trimester abortion, 17 Mexican states (53 percent) have introduced initiatives or reforms to ban abortion entirely, and other states have similar legislation pending. We conducted an opinion survey in eight states--four where constitutional amendments have already been approved and four with pending amendments. Using logistic regression analyses, we found that higher education, political party affiliation, and awareness of reforms/initiatives were significantly associated with support for the Mexico City law. Legal abortion was supported by a large proportion of respondents in cases of rape (45-70 percent), risk to a woman's life (55-71 percent), and risk to a woman's health (48-68 percent). A larger percentage of respondents favored the Mexico City law, which limits elective legal abortion to the first 12 weeks of gestation (32-54 percent), than elective abortion without regard to gestational limit (14-31 percent).

Coyotes, Concessions and Construction Companies: Illegal Water Markets and Legally Constructed Water Scarcity in Central Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nadine Reis

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Many regions of (semiarid Mexico, such as the Valley of Toluca, face challenges due to rapid growth and the simultaneous overexploitation of groundwater. The water reform of the 1990s introduced individual water rights concessions granted through the National Water Commission (Comisión Nacional del Agua, or CONAGUA. Since then, acquiring new water rights in officially 'water-scarce' aquifers is only possible through official rights transmissions from users ceding their rights. With the law prohibiting the sale of water rights, a profitable illegal market for these rights has emerged. The key actor in the water rights allocation network is the coyote, functioning as a broker between a people wanting to cede water rights and those needing them, and b the formal and informal spheres of water rights allocation. Actors benefitting from water rights trading include the coyote and his 'working brigades', water users selling surplus rights, and (senior and lower-level staff in the water bureaucracy. The paper concludes that legally constructed water scarcity is key to the reproduction of illegal water rights trading. This has important implications regarding the current push for expanding regularisation of groundwater extraction in Mexico. Currently, regularisation does not counter overexploitation, while possibly leading to a de facto privatisation of groundwater.

Aspectos biopsicosociales asociados al embarazo adolescente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Regina Cogollo Jiménez

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción: El embarazo en la adolescencia, es un evento inesperado, sorpresivo. Este artículo establece la importancia de identificar los aspectos biopsicosociales asociados al embarazo adolescente en las embarazadas asistentes al programa de Control Prenatal de una Empresa Social del Estado de nivel 1 en Montería en 2009, para comprender las actitudes y los comportamientos asociados a esta etapa tan temprana. Materiales y Métodos: Es un estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, de corte transversal. Población y muestra: 30 adolescentes embarazadas asistentes al Programa, el muestreo por conveniencia. Se utilizó la encuesta y la observación directa, previa autorización del Director de la empresa. Resultados: Caracterización de la población: predominó la edad de 15 a 19 años (adolescencia tardía, uniones libres, baja escolaridad debido a la deserción escolar, ingreso económico menor al salario mínimo legal vigente. Aspectos Biológicos: la menarquía a temprana edad (9 a 14 años, y en ella la mitad de los embarazos. La mayoría de los segundos embarazos terminaron en parto, la minoría en cesárea y aborto. La captación para los controles prenatales fue tardía, algunas no cumplieron con las citas programadas. Aspectos Psicológicos: inestabilidad con la pareja al enterarse del embarazo, tuvieron soporte familiar moral y económico, abandonaron sus estudios y presentaron malestares como estrés, depresión y tristeza. Aspectos Sociales: predominó la convivencia con la familia extensa. Hubo aceptación en el colegio y en los amigos. Discusión y Conclusiones: Se plantean estrategias para disminuir estos aspectos: elaboración de una cartilla sobre “Cuidado de la adolescente embarazada”, creación de espacios de reflexión, jornadas lúdicas educativas, entre otros. (Rev Cuid 2012; 3(3:385-93.Palabras clave: Embarazo en Adolescencia, Bienestar Materno, Atención Prenatal. (Fuente: De

The final management of nuclear fuel. Legal and economic aspects; La gestion final del combustible nuclear. Aspectos legales y economicos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Villota, C. de

2009-07-01

This article gives a brief summary of the characteristics of spent fuel and the lines of action considered for its management. It describes the legal framework that supports the Radioactive Waste Management Plan (PGRR), which contains the lines applicable to Final Spent Fuel Management, as well as the evolution of this legal framework. The article contains the 2008 updated costs of the various items of the PGRR, with a more detailed description of those related to this type of fuel, as well the source and amount of the financial contributions to the fund for meeting these costs, including how they have evolved over time. finally, it provides some personal reflections on this issue. (Author)

Legal aspects of unitization: a comparative approach; Aspectos juridicos da unitizacao: uma abordagem comparativa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cunha, Amanda L. [PETROBRAS S.A., Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2004-07-01

The objective of this paper is the study of unitization under a comparative approach between the legal system of some of the most important countries in mature production of oil and gas as well of those which represent the new frontier in exploration and production of these natural resources, and also the provisions regarding unitization in the Brazil's legal system. Firstly, concepts and classifications about unitization, the historical context related to it, and the different doctrines regarding unitization will be analyzed. This analysis will be done considering the concepts developed by American jurisprudence, since it was in the United States where the first thesis regarding unitization were developed, such as the rule of capture and the correlative rights doctrines. Afterwards, it will be presented a study of some unitization's provisions found in different countries' statutes, regulations and contracts such as leases, production sharing agreements, concession contracts etc., being pointed the similarities and differences related to Brazil's legal system. Finally, the national legislation in force as well the Model Concession Contract of ANP's Sixth Round will be analyzed. (author)

Presencia, tendencias y aspectos diferenciadores de la formación sobre derechos de autor en la alfabetización informacional a nivel universitario

OpenAIRE

Uribe Tirado, Alejandro

2010-01-01

Objetivo. Analizar la presencia de la temática de los derechos de autor, de los aspectos legales de la información académica y científica, en distintos programas, cursos o programas de aprendizaje de alfabetización informacional (ALFIN) de diferentes universidades alrededor del mundo, para identificar las tendencias y aspectos diferenciadores que se están presentando en la actualidad respecto a la formación en estas temáticas en relación con la información digital. También se a...

United States-Mexico cross-border health insurance initiatives: Salud Migrante and Medicare in Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Vargas Bustamante, Arturo; Laugesen, Miriam; Caban, Mabel; Rosenau, Pauline

2012-01-01

While U.S. health care reform will most likely reduce the overall number of uninsured Mexican-Americans, it does not address challenges related to health care coverage for undocumented Mexican immigrants, who will remain uninsured under the measures of the reform; documented low-income Mexican immigrants who have not met the five-year waiting period required for Medicaid benefits; or the growing number of retired U.S. citizens living in Mexico, who lack easy access to Medicare-supported services. This article reviews two promising binational initiatives that could help address these challenges-Salud Migrante and Medicare in Mexico; discusses their prospective applications within the context of U.S. health care reform; and identifies potential challenges to their implementation (legal, political, and regulatory), as well as the possible benefits, including coverage of uninsured Mexican immigrants, and their integration into the U.S. health care system (through Salud Migrante), and access to lower-cost Medicare-supported health care for U.S. retirees in Mexico (Medicare in Mexico).

Radioactive waste management regulatory framework in Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barcenas, M.; Mejia, M.

2001-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the current regulatory framework concerning the radioactive waste management in Mexico. It is intended to show regulatory historical antecedents, the legal responsibilities assigned to institutions involved in the radioactive waste management, the sources of radioactive waste, and the development and preparation of national standards for fulfilling the legal framework for low level radioactive waste. It is at present the most important matter to be resolved. (author)

Women's legal knowledge: a case study of Mexican urban dwellers.

Science.gov (United States)

Rivera Izabal, L M

1995-06-01

In Mexico, the nongovernmental organization Sevisio, Desarrollo y Paz, A.C. (SEDEPAC) is helping poor women acquire legal knowledge in an economic climate characterized by the increased feminization of poverty brought about by the Structural Adjustment Program. The Mexican legal system is grounded in a patriarchal tradition, and the codified laws continue to favor men. Women were not granted full citizenship until 1953, and discrimination against women was not addressed in Mexican law until 1974 as the country prepared to host the First UN International Women's Conference. However, legal advances are not being applied in the family or in larger society where men remain in power. Mexico also distinguishes between private law and public law. Because domestic violence falls in the realm of private law, authorities are loathe to follow-up on women's complaints in this area. Since its founding in 1983, SEDEPAC has applied a gender perspective to its activities and programs. SEDEPAC held its first women's legal workshop in 1987 and realized that most poor women have no knowledge of existing laws or their rights, that alternative legal services for women are scarce, that existing laws must be changed, and that the authoritarian and conservative legal system helps maintain cultural stereotypes. Since then, SEDEPAC has held annual workshops, follow-up meetings, and training sessions and has provided counseling. The main topics addressed are women's social conditions; violence and the penal code; civil rights, power, and dependency; women's bodies and reproductive rights; and women's organization and leadership. The workshops use techniques of popular education such as group participation and use of gossip as a communication tool. The workshops have changed participants' lives and led to the formation of an independent Popular Defenders' Coordination.

Radioactive waste management in Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paredes, L.; Reyes L, J.; Jimenez D, J.

2000-01-01

This paper describes the radioactive waste management in Mexico, particularly the activities that the National Institute of Nuclear Research (NINR) is undertaking in this field. Classification and annual generation of radioactive waste, together with practices and facilities relating to the management of radioactive waste are addressed. The respective national legal framework and policy are outlined. (author)

The peaceful use of nuclear energy: National legal implications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guadarrama A, M.E.

2000-01-01

This work analyses in broad sense the legal regime about the use, exploitation and improvement of the nuclear energy in Mexico and its relationship with the International confines . It was realized the study of the elemental concepts referred about the subject and it is described briefly the evolution of the figure in the frame of as National as International laws. The objective of this work finds its basis on the provisions which contemplate the in force statutory law of the 27 Constitutional article concerning Nuclear energy but before considering the legal nature and the main characteristics of this normative instrument. (Author)

LA DEFENSA DE LOS DERECHOS DE LA INFANCIA EN AMÉRICA LATINA DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA LEGAL. UNA VISIÓN EDUCATIVA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulí Davila

2011-01-01

Full Text Available En América Latina la ratificación de la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño (CDN a partir de 1989, supuso cambios en los sistemas legales internos, adecuándolos a dicho tratado internacional. El logro mayor fue la aprobación, entre 1990 y 2009, de los Códigos de la Niñez, que son un modelo de norma legal, pues combina la mayoría de los derechos reconocidos a la infancia. El objetivo de esta colaboración es analizar la estructura y el contenido de dichos códigos, utilizando metodológicamente los ejes clave de la CDN, que ofrece un acertado modelo de análisis. Entre los contenidos de dichos códigos nos centramos en los aspectos educativos presentes en muchos artículos tanto de la CDN como de los códigos. La conclusión principal de este artículo es que los países del área han mostrado una preocupación por resaltar los aspectos educativos en su normativa legal.

Comprehensive Coaching Service for Schools: Approaches to its Configuration in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Graciela Cordero Arroyo

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This article analyzes the initial drafts of the Technical Assistance for Schools (SATE—acronym in Spanish—a comprehensive coaching service for which federal guidelines have yet to be established—in the context of current educational reform in Mexico. To this end, an analysis was made of all legal documents as well as various programmatic documents related to compulsory education that were released during 2013 and 2014. The paper is organized in three sections: the first describes the history of this type of service in Mexico; the second reviews the information provided on SATE in the legal documents of the current educational policy; and the third section discusses what should be taken into account for proper implementation of a service of this nature.

Do undocumented migrants earn lower wages than legal immigrants? New evidence from Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Massey, D S

1987-01-01

"This article examines the extent to which undocumented status lowers wage rates among immigrants to the United States from four Mexican communities. Regression equations were estimated to determine the effect of legal status on wages independent of other demographic, social and economic variables, and special efforts were made to control for possible sample selection biases. Findings suggest that the data are relatively free from selectivity problems that have characterized earlier studies, and that legal status had no direct effect on wage rates earned by male migrants from the four communities. Legal status also had little effect on the kind of job that migrants take in the United States, but it does play an important indirect role in determining the length of time that migrants stay in that country. By reducing the duration of stay, illegal status lowers the amount of employer-specific capital accruing to undocumented migrants, and thereby lowers wage rates relative to legal migrants." Data are for 1982-1983. excerpt

Foros virtuales, ética lingüística y aspectos legales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xavier Laborda Gil

2004-01-01

Full Text Available En el artículo se presenta las situaciones comunicativas de Internet: el correo electrónico, la página web, el juego en red y la discusión de grupo. Cada una de ellas se caracteriza por unos rasgos peculiares debido a la interacción de tecnología y los géneros discursivos de la conversación y la entrevista. La discusión de grupo presenta las modalidades del chat o canal de charla, para la comunicación síncrona, y el foro de discusión o lista de distribución, para la comunicación asíncrona.. Y se analiza a continuación los rasgos discursivos de la discusión de grupo. En el chat se produce una lengua oral tecleada, que manifiesta rasgos infantiles, creativos y transgresores, mientras que en el foro de discusión se adopta un registro estándar-informal. También se considera los aspectos arbitrales o de moderación de los foros virtuales. Los contertulios están sujetos a una regulación particular – someramente comentada–, en tanto que usuarios del correo electrónico, que es su medio de conexión individual con el foro. En la parte práctica del artículo, se recoge y comenta varias muestras de mensajes de un foro de ámbito municipal y carácter social, el Foro Sant Cugat (forum@stcugat.net. Estos mensajes tratan sobre las buenas maneras o netiquette.

Aspectos legales relacionados con las úlceras por presión Legal aspects related to pressure ulcers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. Javier Soldevilla Agreda

2006-12-01

Full Text Available En los últimos años en España se está produciendo un significativo aumento en el cuestionamiento sobre muchos resultados de las actuaciones sanitarias. En ese largo proceso que busca desterrar las úlceras por presión (UPP, como proceso banal y especialmente inevitable, por inherente a la edad avanzada, situaciones de terminalidad o inmovilidad del paciente, comienza a divisarse el despertar de reacciones, reclamaciones y denuncias por parte de los usuarios y sus familiares ante la falta de prevención o un tratamiento inadecuado, como desde hace años viene sucediendo en otros países de nuestro entorno cultural y económico. La revisión del impacto y tratamiento legal del problema de las UPP en los países de nuestro entorno (Reino Unido, EE.UU., Alemania, etc., desde el derecho penal, el derecho civil o mediante procedimientos disciplinarios ha propiciado cambios muy notorios en el comportamiento de profesionales, instituciones y ciudadanía con respecto a este tema. Con un propósito enteramente didáctico, se dibuja la configuración legal de la actividad sanitaria en nuestro país y los tipos de responsabilidad y vías de reclamación judicial aplicables a los procesos que nos ocupan, incluyendo algunas consideraciones específicas tales como: las UPP como biomarcadores de maltrato o abuso en ancianos, los protocolos para la prevención y tratamiento de las UPP como responsabilidad del centro, la responsabilidad por falta de material adecuado para la prevención y el tratamiento de las UPP, el consentimiento informado antes de la aplicación de una técnica, la historia clínica y registros específicos para UPP incluido el fotográfico, las UPP como causa de ingreso hospitalario y altas hospitalarias a pacientes con UPP. Por su actualidad se analiza el tema de la prescripción enfermera en el ámbito del cuidado de las úlceras por presión y otras heridas crónicas como práctica "arraigada, consentida, aplaudida y practicada desde

Divorce and marital equality in Orizaba, Mexico, 1915-1940.

Science.gov (United States)

Swedberg, Gregory

2009-01-01

Mexico's legalization of divorce in 1917 generated tension in working-class communities such as Orizaba between traditional forms of gender relations that afforded men the right to control and discipline their wives and budding legal opportunities that provided women the opportunity to question their husbands' familial power. The state's legal reforms and its emphasis on protecting women and children were not, however intended to create equality between husbands and wives. Rather; officials believed that new laws would enable women to carry out their familial responsibilities more effectively. Nonetheless, mothers and wives were quick to understand how their ability to challenge their husbands' power overlapped with the state's mission to protect women and their children.

Energetic sustainability: Challenges and options in Mexico; Sustentabilidad energetica: Retos y opciones en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rosas Flores, Dionicio; Sheinbaum Pardo, Claudia [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2000-07-01

In this report present a general overview of energy trends and objectives of policy for Mexico, in the context of sustainable development. The work is divided in two main parts: the first one presents trends in energy use and potential, energy sector reform, social and economics indicators and revision of efficiency and renewable energy. The second part discusses options and instruments of energy politics for the country in regard of the sustainable development. The energy is central to concerns of sustainable development, affecting economic; the local and global environment, and social problems as poverty, population, health and education. Mexico should promote political energy that permit the fulfillment the energy requirements while developing strategies that help to alleviate the social problems and productivity, based on lesser environmental impacts. [Spanish] Este reporte presenta una vision sobre las tendencias energeticas de Mexico y plantea prioridades y objetivos de politica para el pais, en el contexto de desarrollo sustentable. El trabajo muestra dos partes principales: la primera seccion presenta tendencias en el uso de energia, potenciales energeticos e indicadores economicos y sociales, ademas de una revision de eficiencias y politicas de energias renovables. La segunda parte discute opciones, instrumentos y restricciones en el contexto del desarrollo energetico sustentable en el pais. La energia es un elemento central en el desarrollo ya que esta relacionado con la economia, el ambiente local y global y aspectos sociales como pobreza, poblacion, salud y educacion. Esto obliga en Mexico a promover politicas que permitan la cobertura de los requerimientos energeticos, las cuales deben desarrollarse de manera conjunta con estrategias, para ayudar a disminuir los problemas, productivos y sociales con menores impactos ambientales.

Munchausen syndrome by proxy in Mexican children: medical, social, psychological and legal aspects.

Science.gov (United States)

Trejo-Hernández, Jorge; Loredo-Abdalá, Arturo; Orozco-Garibay, José Manuel

2011-01-01

The Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSP), is considered as an unusual less frequent variety of child abuse (CA). In this type of abuse the perpetrators purposely provide factitious information, tamper with specimens or actually induce an illness in a child. Nowadays, it is a clinical entity described in pediatrics as more frequently than before. Despite the fact of its presence worldwide, there are still problems in order to get an appropriate diagnostic. It is also difficult to handle both the clinical and legal aspects in various countries. Make our academic fellows aware of various pediatric, psychological, social and legal aspects of a series of cases attended at the Clínica de Atención Integral al Niño Maltratado from Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (CAINM-INP), Mexico [Integral Clinic of Attention for Abused Children, at National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico]. From a series of 25 cases, 18 minors of age were considered with this syndrome since we found that they shared medical, psychological, social and legal characteristics. 18 minors of age belonged to 14 families. 4 of those families had two affected children each one. These affected children were girls 13/18, predominant in children under six years in 10/18. Syndrome expression was distributed as follows: fever from a non determined origin, seizures, chronic diarrhea, hematuria, and probable sexual abuse. 14 children were hospitalized. In all cases, the aggressor was the mother. The psychological evaluation of six perpetrators revealed psychotic, histrionic, and compulsive-obsessive traits. The socio-economic condition was low in 50% of the cases. A legal demand was posed for seven patients in which all the children remained under the custody of the mother. In Mexico, reports of CA have increased within the last years according to experience. Some complex forms as MSP require the participation of an interdisciplinary team for both diagnosis and integral attention.

Politics, Armed Forces and drug trafficking in Mexico: An outlaw army?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gustavo FONDEVILA

2014-07-01

Full Text Available The essay aims to examine the legal and policy issues raised by the military intervention in combating drug trafficking and organized crime in the areas of criminal investigation and people detention in Mexico. Basically, the paper explores three major areas of noncompliance with the law or legal vacuum in matter related to that intervention: a arrests and independent criminal investigation by the military; b lack of protocol in use of military force in civilian operations; c military courts.

Human rights and conventionality control in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Azul América Aguiar-Aguilar

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The protection of human rights in Mexico has, de jure, suffered an important change in the last years, given a new judicial interpretation delivered by the National Supreme Court of Justice that allows the use of conventionality control, which means, that it allows federal and state judges to verify the conformity of domestic laws with those established in the Inter-American Convention of Human Rights. To what extent domestic actors are protecting human rights using this new legal tool called conventionality control? In this article I explore whom and how is conventionality control being used in Mexico. Using N-Vivo Software I reviewed concluded decisions delivered by intermediate level courts (Collegiate Circuit Courts in three Mexican states. The evidence points that conventionality control is a very useful tool especially to defenders, who appear in sentences claiming compliance with the commitments Mexico has acquired when this country ratified the Convention.

History of nonnative Monk Parakeets in Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Hobson, Elizabeth A; Smith-Vidaurre, Grace; Salinas-Melgoza, Alejandro

2017-01-01

Nonnative Monk Parakeets have been reported in increasing numbers across many cities in Mexico, and were formally classified as an invasive species in Mexico in late 2016. However, there has not been a large-scale attempt to determine how international pet trade and national and international governmental regulations have played a part in colonization, and when the species appeared in different areas. We describe the changes in regulations that led the international pet trade market to shift to Mexico, then used international trade data to determine how many parakeets were commercially imported each year and where those individuals originated. We also quantified the recent increases in Monk Parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) sightings in Mexico in both the scientific literature and in citizen science reports. We describe the timeline of increased reports to understand the history of nonnative Monk Parakeets in Mexico. As in other areas where the species has colonized, the main mode of transport is through the international pet trade. Over half a million Monk Parakeets were commercially imported to Mexico during 2000-2015, with the majority of importation (90%) occurring in 2008-2014, and almost all (98%) were imported from Uruguay. The earliest record of a free-flying Monk Parakeet was observed during 1994-1995 in Mexico City, but sightings of the parakeets did not become geographically widespread in either the scientific literature or citizen science databases until 2012-2015. By 2015, parakeets had been reported in 97 cities in Mexico. Mexico City has consistently seen steep increases in reporting since this species was first reported in Mexico. Here we find that both national and international legal regulations and health concerns drove a rise and fall in Monk Parakeet pet trade importations, shortly followed by widespread sightings of feral parakeets across Mexico. Further monitoring of introduced Monk Parakeet populations in Mexico is needed to understand the

[Public and private: insurance companies and medical care in Mexico].

Science.gov (United States)

Tamez, S; Bodek, C; Eibenschutz, C

1995-01-01

During the late 70's and early 80's in Mexico, as in the rest of Latin-America, sanitary policies were directed to support the growth of the private sector of health care at the expense of the public sector. This work analyzes the evolution of the health insurance market as a part of the privatization process of health care. The analysis based on economic data, provides the political profile behind the privatization process as well as the changes in the relations between the State and the health sector. The central hypothesis is that the State promotes and supports the growth of the private market of medical care via a series of legal, fiscal and market procedures. It also discusses the State roll in the legal changes related to the national insurance activity. A comparative analysis is made about the evolution of the insurance industry in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico during the period 1986-1992, with a particular enfasis in the last country. One of the principal results is that the Premium/GNP and Premium/per capita, display a general growth in the 4 countries. This growth is faster for Mexico for each one) because the privatization process occurred only during the most recent years. For the 1984-1991 period in Mexico the direct premium as percentage of the GNP raised from 0.86% to 1.32%. If one focussed only in the insurance for health and accidents branches the rice goes form 8.84% in 1984 to 19.08% in 1991. This indicates that the insurance industry is one of the main targets of the privatization process of the health care system in Mexico. This is also shown by the State support to fast expansion of the big medical industrial complex of the country. Considering this situation in the continuity of the neoliberal model of Mexico, this will profound the inequity and inequality.

Aspectos que interfieren en la movilidad estudiantil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Mercedes Ramírez-Ordoñez

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Identificar los aspectos que interfieren en la realización de movilidad estudiantil. Materiales y Métodos: Esta investigación es cuantitativa de tipo descriptivo transversal por conveniencia, constituida por 243 estudiantes que hacen parte de un programa de enfermería en una institución de educación superior X, de los cuales se entrevistaron a 237. Para la recolección de la información se diseñó un cuestionario donde se evalúa el aspecto económico, académico y familiar y su interferencia con el programa de movilidad de la institución. Para su estructuración se realizó revisión bibliográfica, evaluación de expertos, alfa de cronbach y prueba piloto. Resultados: El aspecto económico ocupa el primer lugar en interferir en la movilidad estudiantil con un 73%, es importante resaltar que la población encuestada pertenece al estrato 2 por lo tanto cuentan con pocos recursos. El segundo lugar fue para el aspecto académico con un 63.45% y en menor dimensión el aspecto familiar con 26%; el 77% manifiesta tener un interés por participar del programa de movilidad, de los cuales el 43.78% prefiere el nivel internacional, el 29,79 % nacional y ambas opciones el 25,95%. Conclusiones: Al relacionar los aspectos económicos, académicos y familiares con el total de la población se encontró que solo el 12% de los estudiantes cumplen la totalidad de estos requisitos y pueden participar de la movilidad estudiantil.

P-{Delta} effects on the reliability of oil offshore jacket platforms in Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

De Leon-Escobedo, D. [Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)]. E-mail: daviddeleonescobedo@yahoo.com.mx; Campos, D. [Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo (Mexico)]. E-mail: dcampos@imp.mx

2012-07-15

Given the important economic consequences of an oil platform failure, all the aspects of its structural behavior and safety issues need to be carefully considered. In particular, P-{Delta} effects on the deck legs of marine offshore jacket platforms may be relevant when the deck height and the vertical load are significant. In this paper, the impact of the moment amplification, due to slenderness of the deck legs, on the platform safety is examined and appraised from the viewpoint of the structural reliability. The formulation is applied to a typical tall deck marine platform under the environmental loading at the Bay of Campeche, Mexico, and its reliability index is calculated with and without the P-{Delta} effect. The results presented herein may be used to improve the current practice in the design and assessment of offshore marine platforms in Mexico and to update the current version of the code. [Spanish] Dadas las importantes consecuencias economicas de la falla de una plataforma petrolera, todos los aspectos de su comportamiento estructural y aspectos de seguridad necesitan considerarse cuidadosamente. En particular, los efectos P-{Delta} en las piernas de la cubierta de plataformas marinas costa fuera petroleras tipo jacket pueden ser relevantes cuando la altura de la cubierta y la intensidad de cargas verticales son significativas. En este articulo se examina el impacto que sobre la seguridad de la plataforma tiene la amplificacion de momentos, debido a la esbeltez de las piernas de la cubierta, y se evalua este impacto desde el punto de vista de confiabilidad estructural. La formulacion se aplica a una plataforma marina tipica, con cubierta alta, bajo la carga ambiental de la Bahia de Campeche, Mexico y se calcula su indice de confiabilidad con y sin el efecto P-{Delta}. Los resultados presentados aqui pueden usarse para mejorar las practicas actuales de diseno y evaluacion de plataformas marinas costa fuera en Mexico y para actualizar la version actual

Not sold here: limited access to legally available syringes at pharmacies in Tijuana, Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Pollini, Robin A; Rosen, Perth C; Gallardo, Manuel; Robles, Brenda; Brouwer, Kimberly C; Macalino, Grace E; Lozada, Remedios

2011-05-24

Sterile syringe access is a critical component of HIV prevention programs. Although retail pharmacies provide convenient outlets for syringe access, injection drug users (IDUs) may encounter barriers to syringe purchase even where purchase without a prescription is legal. We sought to obtain an objective measure of syringe access in Tijuana, Mexico, where IDUs report being denied or overcharged for syringes at pharmacies. Trained "mystery shoppers" attempted to buy a 1 cc insulin syringe according to a predetermined script at all retail pharmacies in three Tijuana neighborhoods. The same pharmacies were surveyed by telephone regarding their syringe sales policies. Data on purchase attempts were analyzed using basic statistics to obtain an objective measure of syringe access and compared with data on stated sales policies to ascertain consistency. Only 46 (28.4%) of 162 syringe purchase attempts were successful. Leading reasons for unsuccessful attempts were being told that the pharmacy didn't sell syringes (35.3%), there were no syringes in stock (31.0%), or a prescription was required (20.7%). Of 136 pharmacies also surveyed by telephone, a majority (88.2%) reported selling syringes but only one-third (32.5%) had a successful mystery shopper purchase; the majority of unsuccessful purchases were attributed to being told the pharmacy didn't sell syringes. There was similar discordance regarding prescription policies: 74 pharmacies said in the telephone survey that they did not require a prescription for syringes, yet 10 of these pharmacies asked the mystery shopper for a prescription. IDUs in Tijuana have limited access to syringes through retail pharmacies and policies and practices regarding syringe sales are inconsistent. Reasons for these restrictive and inconsistent practices must be identified and addressed to expand syringe access, reduce syringe sharing and prevent HIV transmission.

Right To Public Information Regulation In Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Manuel Rosales García

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This paper exposes the legal nature and the usefulness of the right to information, is special in the case of Mexico. So it will be a study of the right to public information, in order to understand its origin and utility; then analyze the establishment and evolution in Mexican positive and discover its use as a mechanism for transparent use of public resources and the accountability of the State authorities.

Herbal Medicine in Mexico: A Cause of Hepatotoxicity. A Critical Review.

Science.gov (United States)

Valdivia-Correa, Bárbara; Gómez-Gutiérrez, Cristina; Uribe, Misael; Méndez-Sánchez, Nahum

2016-02-15

In Mexico, herbal products are commonly used as therapeutic tools. The analysis of several publications reveals that there are dozens of different herbs and herbal products used for different reasons, some of which have been implicated in causing toxic liver disease. However, methodological aspects limit the attribution of causality, and the precise incidence and clinical manifestations of herb-induced liver injury have not been well characterized. This review outlines the history of traditional herbal medicine in Mexico, critically summarizes the mechanisms and adverse effects of commonly used herbal plants, and examines the regulatory issues regarding the legal use of these products.

Preparing Teachers for Inclusion in Mexico: How Effective is This Process?

Science.gov (United States)

Romero-Contreras, Silvia; Garcia-Cedillo, Ismael; Forlin, Chris; Lomelí-Hernández, Karla Abril

2013-01-01

Inclusive education is the most advanced form of recognition of the right to education. Mexico has made important legal and administrative changes to foster inclusion since the end of the twentieth century. This research assesses the impact of the Mexican pre-service teacher curriculum on 813 pre-service teachers' sentiments, attitudes and…

Legal aspects of new electrical sector law; Aspectos juridicos de la nueva ley del sector electrico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Serra Peris, J.M.

1998-12-01

The Electricity Industry Act dated on November 27th 1997 is a milestone of the liberalization process in the basic sectors of the Spanish economy. Concealing the principles of free competition, freedom of establishment and deregulation with the public interest, inherent to this essential service, is the great challenge of rule. The article also analyzes the legal evolution of the electricity industry in either our country or other around it. (Author)

El tratamiento legal de la firma electrónica en Colombia y en el derecho uniforme

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco Pérez

2002-01-01

Full Text Available En la medida en que el uso y la circulación de la información digital se ha venido generalizando, un nuevo elemento de seguridad jurídica ha irrumpido en las relaciones de derecho: las llamadas firmas electrónicas. Su regulación en Colombia, algunos aspectos técnicos y legales relativos a su validez, a su confiabilidad técnica y jurídica, pero en particular, a su valoración probatoria por parte de jueces o árbitros nacionales constituye el tema central del presente artículo; documento que sin duda constituye un interesante análisis crítico del tratamiento legal acogido en Colombia para fomentar la seguridad en la dinámica del comercio electrónico en Internet.

El tratamiento legal de la firma electrónica en Colombia y en el derecho uniforme

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco Pérez

2002-06-01

Full Text Available En la medida en que el uso y la circulación de la información digital se ha venido generalizando, un nuevo elemento de seguridad jurídica ha irrumpido en las relaciones de derecho: las llamadas firmas electrónicas. Su regulación en Colombia, algunos aspectos técnicos y legales relativos a su validez, a su confiabilidad técnica y jurídica, pero en particular, a su valoración probatoria por parte de jueces o árbitros nacionales constituye el tema central del presente artículo; documento que sin duda constituye un interesante análisis crítico del tratamiento legal acogido en Colombia para fomentar la seguridad en la dinámica del comercio electrónico en Internet.

Using litigation to defend women prosecuted for abortion in Mexico: challenging state laws and the implications of recent court judgments.

Science.gov (United States)

Paine, Jennifer; Noriega, Regina Tamés; Puga, Alma Luz Beltrán Y

2014-11-01

While women in Mexico City can access free, safe and legal abortion during the first trimester, women in other Mexican states face many barriers. To complicate matters, between 2008 and 2009, 16 state constitutions were amended to protect life from conception. While these reforms do not annul existing legal abortion indications, they have created additional obstacles for women. Health providers increasingly report women who seek life-saving care for complications such as haemorrhage to the police, and some cases eventually end up in court. The Grupo de Información en Reproducción Elegida (GIRE) has successfully litigated such cases in state courts, with positive outcomes. However, state courts have mainly focused on procedural issues. The Mexican Supreme Court ruling supporting Mexico City's law has had a positive effect, but a stronger stance is needed. This paper discusses the constitutional framework and jurisprudence regarding abortion in Mexico, and the recent Costa Rica decision of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. We assert that Mexican states must guarantee women's access to abortion on the legal grounds established in law. We continue to support litigation at the state level to oblige courts to exonerate women prosecuted for illegal abortion. Advocacy should, of course, also address the legislative and executive branches, while working simultaneously to set legal precedents on abortion. Copyright © 2014 Reproductive Health Matters. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Aspectos ético legales del trasplante de corazón Ethical and legal aspects of heart transplant

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernán del C Mendoza

2007-12-01

Full Text Available El trasplante cardiaco constituye el tratamiento de elección para los pacientes en falla cardiaca refractaria. Desde el punto de vista médico, existen claras indicaciones para realizar el trasplante, pero a nivel local y mundial hay problemas por el escaso número de donantes. Para que se realice un trasplante de corazón, el donante debe reunir criterios de muerte encefálica, la cual se diagnostica por ausencia irreversible de las funciones del tallo encefálico, determinadas por un examen clínico. A pesar de las controversias que existen acerca de cuándo muere una persona, cada vez hay más claridad en este hecho. Existen otros problemas bioéticos que se relacionan con el trasplante como la donación (algunas personas en vida manifiestan su voluntad y autonomía de servir como donantes y otras no, la distribución de órganos y el comercio de órganos y tejidos. Desde el punto de vista legal y ético, se prohíbe la gratificación o pago al donante vivo, a la familia del donante fallecido, al banco de tejidos o de médula ósea, a las clínicas y hospitales, y a las aseguradoras por la donación o suministro de órganos o tejidos humanos. La promoción de la donación y la obtención de componentes anatómicos deberán efectuarse denotando su carácter voluntario, altruista y desinteresado. Debe primar el principio de justicia y excluirse cualquier consideración no equitativa de índole geográfica, racial, sexual, religiosa, etc. Los órganos deben distribuirse con base en criterios médicos; así mismo debe buscarse la más idónea utilización del órgano donado, teniendo como fundamento el manejo equitativo y como principio el respeto por la vida y la dignidad humana.Cardiac transplant is the treatment of choice for patients with refractory cardiac failure. There are clear indications from the medical point of view to perform the transplant, but locally and world - wide there are problems due to the scarce number of donors. In order

Osteossarcoma parosteal: aspectos na radiologia convencional

OpenAIRE

Nanci Neto,Francisco; Marchiori,Edson; Vianna,Alberto Domingues; Aymoré,Ierecê Lins; Almeida,Ana Luiza Brito de; Irion,Klaus L.; Collares,Felipe Birchal

2007-01-01

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os achados clínicos mais importantes do osteossarcoma parosteal e descrever os seus aspectos mais comuns na radiologia convencional. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com 26 pacientes com osteossarcoma parosteal, provenientes do arquivo do Clube do Osso, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, e análise dos principais achados clínicos e aspectos radiológicos. RESULTADOS: A doença predominou em pacientes do sexo feminino e teve idade média de acometimento na terceira década de vida. Os a...

El Convenio de La Haya de 1980 sobre aspectos civiles de la sustracción internacional de menores y su aplicación en Chile: las modalidades de restitución del menor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucía Rizik Mulet

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Para garantizar la restitución de las niñas y niños menores de 16 años que han sido objeto de sustracción internacional con la mayor celeridad posible, el Convenio de La Haya sobre aspectos civiles de la sustracción internacional de menores de 1980 establece tres modalidades o formas para concretar dicho retorno. El presente trabajo analiza estas modalidades, con el fin de resaltar la importancia de ajustar las actuaciones judiciales y administrativas a los requerimientos del Convenio de La Haya sobre aspectos civiles de la sustracción internacional de menores de 1980 y de realizar las modificaciones legales pertinentes para su adecuada implementación.

An analysis of purchase price of legal and illicit cigarettes in urban retail environments in 14 low- and middle-income countries.

Science.gov (United States)

Brown, Jennifer; Welding, Kevin; Cohen, Joanna E; Cherukupalli, Rajeev; Washington, Carmen; Ferguson, Jacqueline; Clegg Smith, Katherine

2017-10-01

To estimate and compare price differences between legal and illicit cigarettes in 14 low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). A cross-sectional census of all packs available on the market was purchased. Cigarette packs were purchased in formal retail settings in three major cities in each of 14 LMIC: Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Pakistan, the Philippines, Russia, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine and Vietnam. A total of 3240 packs were purchased (range = 58 packs in Egypt to 505 in Russia). Packs were categorized as 'legal' or 'illicit' based on the presence of a health warning label from the country of purchase and existence of a tax stamp; 2468 legal and 772 illicit packs were in the analysis. Descriptive statistics stratified by country, city and neighborhood socio-economic status were used to explore the association between price and legal status of cigarettes. The number of illicit cigarettes in the sample setting was small (n price of legal cigarettes ranged from US$0.32 in Pakistan (n = 72) to US$3.24 in Turkey (n = 242); median purchase price of illicit cigarettes ranged from US$0.80 in Ukraine (n = 14) to US$3.08 in India (n = 41). The difference in median price between legal and illicit packs as a percentage of the price of legal packs ranged from 32% in Philippines to 455% in Bangladesh. Median purchase price of illicit cigarette packs was higher than that of legal cigarette packs in six countries (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam). Median purchase price of illicit packs was lower than that of legal packs in Turkey, Ukraine and China. The median purchase price of illicit cigarettes is higher than that of legal cigarette packs in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam, Brazil, Egypt, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia appear to have few or no illicit cigarettes for purchase from formal, urban retailers. © 2017 The Authors. Addiction published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf

Mitochondrial replacement techniques and Mexico's rule of law: on the legality of the first maternal spindle transfer case

Science.gov (United States)

Medina-Arellano, María de Jesús

2017-01-01

Abstract News about the first baby born after a mitochondrial replacement technique (MRT; specifically maternal spindle transfer) broke on September 27, 2016 and, in a matter of hours, went global. Of special interest was the fact that the mitochondrial replacement procedure happened in Mexico. One of the scientists behind this world first was quoted as having said that he and his team went to Mexico to carry out the procedure because, in Mexico, there are no rules. In this paper, we explore Mexico's rule of law in relation to mitochondrial replacement techniques and show that, in fact, certain instances of MRTs are prohibited at the federal level and others are prohibited at the state level. According to our interpretation of the law, the scientists behind this first successful MRT procedure broke federal regulations regarding assisted fertilization research. PMID:28852557

Competitive Legal Professionals’ use of Technology in Legal Practice and Legal Research

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

T du Plessis

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Advances in the information and communication technologies have led to the availability of a range of primary and secondary legal research publications online via the Internet, rather than on other storing devices such as compact discs or publications in the print media. Not only has information and communication technology (ICT impacted on the availability of legal information resources, but its effects are also noticed in various law-related areas such as legal practice management, legal education, corporate governance and the law per se. The question addressed by this article is whether the application of ICTs has an effect on the practice of law, and specifically whether information and knowledge management affects the processes of legal research in modern legal practice. Various issues are considered in this regard, including what the concept of knowledge management (KM entails in a law firm and what the current KM trends in South African law firms are. The article investigates global trends in the application of ICTs for legal research purposes, what the specific applications of KM in support of legal research may be, how information technology applications and KM systems and strategies can support the legal research process, and what the benefits of KM are to legal research. It finally discusses the impact technology has had on the skills required of competitive legal professionals.

Factores asociados con la búsqueda del servicio de interrupción legal del embarazo en la Ciudad de México, 2010 Factors associated with the seeking of legal induced abortion services in Mexico City in 2010

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alejandro Figueroa-Lara

2012-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar factores asociados con la búsqueda del servicio de interrupción legal del embarazo (ILE en la Ciudad de México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se utilizó un diseño casos-controles. Usuarias del servicio de ILE fueron definidas como casos, y usuarias de control prenatal con 13 o más semanas de gestación con un embarazo no deseado constituyeron los controles. Se ajustaron modelos de regresión logística condicional. RESULTADOS: Los años de escolaridad (RM=1.47, IC:1.04-2.07, la ocupación (estudiante, RM=7.31, IC:1.58-33.95; tener empleo remunerado, RM= 13.43, IC:2.04-88.54 y número de interrupciones de embarazo previas (RM=11.41, IC:1.65-79.07 se asociaron con la búsqueda de ILE. El factor de mayor peso fue la ocupación; las mujeres que trabajan tuvieron 13.4 veces mayor posibilidad de demandar el servicio de ILE. CONCLUSIONES: En el contexto de la Ciudad de México, mujeres con más educación y participación laboral activa utilizan más los servicios de ILE. Se requieren estrategias dirigidas a incrementar el uso de estos servicios por mujeres menos favorecidas.OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with the seeking of the legal-interruption-pregnancy (LIP services in Mexico City. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used a case-control design. Users who utilized the LIP were defined as cases, while users of the antenatal care service with gestational age 13 or more weeks and who reported having an unwanted pregnancy were defined as controls. Logistic regressions were fitted to estimate odds ratios. RESULTS: Higher level of education (OR=1.47, 95% CI:1.04-2.07, women's occupation (being student OR=7.31, 95% CI:1.58-33.95; worker OR=13.43, 95% CI:2.04-88.54, and number of previous abortions (OR=11.41, 95% CI:1.65-79.07 were identified as factors associated with the lookup of LIP. CONCLUSIONS: In Mexico City context, empowered women with a higher level of education, or having a work activity are the users of LIP services

Towards a New Set of Democratic Institutions in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonardo VALDÉS ZURITA

2013-07-01

Full Text Available This paper analyzes the dynamics underlying constitutional reform in Mexico, its implications on the country’s legal and institutional framework, on the organization of national elections and on the conditions of political competition during the past thirty-five years. After this historical overview, the article focuses on proposals which might be considered for a new electoral reform prior to the start of the 2014-2015 federal electoral process.

The Imposition of the Death Penalty on Mexican Nationals in the United States and the Cultural, Legal and Political Context

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

James Michael Olivero

2013-03-01

Full Text Available This paper reviews death penalty perspectives from the United States, Mexico and international law. The United States practices the death penalty on not only its citizens, but those of other nations who commit capital crimes. Mexico is a death penalty abolitionist state that takes significant issue with the United States over executing Mexican nationals. The paper analyzes the cultural, legal and political conflict between the two countries surrounding the application of the death penalty on Mexican nationals.

Encuadre normativo y empírico para un diagnóstico del trabajo infantil en México (Normative and empirical framework for a diagnose of child labour in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mónica González Contró

2012-05-01

Full Text Available This paper seeks to diagnose the phenomenon of children and adolescent labour in Mexico from the legal and empirical perspective, while expecting to make visible underlying, persistent and oftenly hidden realities. With this framework, we present a general path concerning some legal instruments that allow us to define and categorize the studied phenomenon, and we carry out an empirical analysis from a series of indicators developed in the Module of child labour included in the National Survey of Occupation and Employment raised by National Institute of Statistics and Geography (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, INEGI in 2009. Information and analyzed data allow us to conclude in a broad manner that the constitutional and legal prohibition to child labour has not fulfill its eradication, further more, not starting from the approach of rights has implied a position of more vulnerability to underage persons who work due to several circumstances, whether economical, social or cultural. En este trabajo se busca realizar una aproximación diagnóstica al fenómeno del trabajo infantil y adolescente en México con miras a visibilizar aspectos que han estado invisibilizados a lo largo del tiempo, desde la perspectiva legal y empírica. En este marco, se hace un recorrido general de algunos instrumentos legales que permiten definir y categorizar el fenómeno, y se realiza un análisis empírico a partir de una serie de indicadores surgidos del Módulo de Trabajo Infantil incluido en la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo levantada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía en el año 2009. La información manejada, así como los datos analizados permiten concluir de manera general que la prohibición constitucional y legal del trabajo infantil no ha conseguido su erradicación, y el no partir de un enfoque de derechos colocaría en una posición de mayor vulnerabilidad a las personas menores de edad que trabajan por

Hepatitis C antibody prevalence among Mexico City prisoners injecting legal and illegal substances.

Science.gov (United States)

Silverman-Retana, Omar; Serván-Mori, Edson; McCoy, Sandra I; Larney, Sarah; Bautista-Arredondo, Sergio

2017-12-01

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is highly prevalent among prisoners and this prevalence estimates reach 64% among prisoners who inject illicit drugs. Prisons are important sites for HCV transmission in the absence of access to sterile injecting equipment; hence, it can be transmitted between prisoners who share contaminated needles and syringes. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of risk factors for anti-HCV prevalence, with particular interest on injecting behavior, and to assess correlates of anti-HCV positivity among Mexico City prisoners. Cross-sectional study based on information -collected in three male and two female prisons in Mexico City during 2010-2011- about sexually transmitted infections, socio-demographics, criminal history, substance use, vitamin injection, tattooing, among others (n=3,910). Weighted multivariable adjusted logistic regression models were estimated to assess the overall and differential odds for anti-HCV due to injecting behavior. Overall prevalence of anti-HCV was 3.3%. This figure rose to 43.1% among prisoners with a history of illicit drug injection. Prisoners with history of vitamin injection showed a similar prevalence of anti-HCV (43.8%). After stratifying by substance injected, the adjusted odds ratio was 9.8 (95% CI: 4.0, 23.8) for illicit drug injection and 11.9 (95% CI: 5.8, 23.8) for illicit drug and vitamin injection. Based on data from the most populous prisons in Mexico City, this study showed that anti-HCV is highly prevalent among prisoners with history of injecting behavior. In this sense, injecting behavior per-se, independent of the substance used, is associated with increased odds of anti-HCV positivity. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Proceedings of the 7 Annual conference of the Mexican association for the energy economy. The energy sector in Mexico: challenges and solutions. [Selected papers]; 7. Conferencia anual de la asociacion mexicana para la economia energetica. El sector energia en Mexico: retos y soluciones

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2004-07-01

The Mexican Association for the Energy Economy (AMEE) had its VII annual conference, The energy sector in Mexico: challenges and solutions, in October, 2004. Some of the expounded topics are: technical and environmental aspects of the combined cycle power stations; analysis of the generation of electric power across biogas from sanitary landfills in Mexico; cogeneration in large power plants; methodologies for the calculation of relative efficiency: description and application of natural gas distributors in Latin American and others. [Spanish] La Asociacion Mexicana para la Economia Energetica A. C. (AMEE), llevo acabo su VII conferencia anual El sector energia en Mexico: retos y soluciones, en octubre del 2004. Algunos de los temas tratados son: Aspectos tecnicos y medioambientales de las centrales de ciclo combinado con gasificacion integrada; Analisis de la generacion de energia electrica a traves de biogas procedente de rellenos sanitarios en Mexico; Cogeneracion en grandes centrales de proceso; Metodologias para el calculo de eficiencia relativa: descripcion y aplicacion para distribuidores de gas natural en Latinoamerica y otros.

Youth programmes in Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodriguez De Macias, G

1990-12-01

Research indicates that in-school adolescents in Mexico have their first sexual contact at the average age of 15.5 years. In 50% of cases, such contact is with a boyfriend or girlfriend, 28.1% with a fiance, and 18.3% with a prostitute. First sexual intercourse occurs with a spouse in only 1.3% of cases. Since only one in six young people in Mexico use a form of contraception, many unwanted pregnancies outside of marriage result. 450,000 births in 1989 were to mothers below 20 years old, with 15% of births annually being among teenage mothers. An estimated three million abortions occur annually in Mexico, and abortions are the fifth major cause of death at the national level. Teen pregnancy is decisively linked with poor living conditions and life expectancy, a relatively lower level of education, and rural residence. As for psychological and anthropological variables, most teens who become pregnant belong to large, unstable families with poor family communication, and are characterized as submissive, highly dependent, and of low self-esteem. Targeting students, workers, and other youths, the MEXFAM Youth Program selects and trains program coordinators over age 21 and volunteer promoters of both sexes aged 16-20 in urban/marginal communities. Promoters offer information to their peers and other youths in their local communities, distribute barrier contraceptives, and channel medical, psychological, and legal services to young people in need. Program procedure is described.

Public opinion on abortion in Mexico City after the landmark reform.

Science.gov (United States)

Wilson, Kate S; García, Sandra G; Díaz Olavarrieta, Claudia; Villalobos-Hernández, Aremis; Rodríguez, Jorge Valencia; Smith, Patricio Sanhueza; Burks, Courtney

2011-09-01

This article presents findings from three opinion surveys conducted among representative samples of Mexico City residents: the first one immediately prior to the groundbreaking legalization of first-trimester abortion in April 2007, and one and two years after the reform. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess changes in opinion concerning abortion and correlates of favorable opinion following reform. In 2009 a clear majority (74 percent) of respondents were in support of the Mexico City law allowing for elective first-trimester abortion, compared with 63 percent in 2008 and 38 percent in 2007. A significant increase in support for extending the law to the rest of Mexico was found: from 51 percent in 2007 to 70 percent in 2008 and 83 percent in 2009. In 2008 the significant independent correlates of support for the Mexico City law were education, infrequent religious service attendance, sex (being male), and political party affiliation; in 2009 they were education beyond high school, infrequent religious service attendance, and ever having been married.

Hacia lenguajes de metamodelado orientados a aspectos

OpenAIRE

Reina Quintero, Antonia María; Torres Valderrama, Jesús; Toro Bonilla, Miguel

2006-01-01

En este artículo se propone la extensión de los lenguajes de metamodelado con constructores de la orientación a aspectos. Tras justificar brevemente el interés que en la actualidad está teniendo el metamodelado, y sentar las bases necesarias para entender la propuesta, se presenta, a través de ejemplos, la necesidad de extender un lenguaje de metamodelado como Kermeta con conceptos introducidos en el ámbito de la orientación a aspectos

Capacity of the legal framework of public health institutions in Mexico to support their functional integration

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ignacio Ibarra

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Objective. Evaluate the capacity of the federal legal framework to govern financing of health institutions in the public sector through innovative schemes –otherwise known as functional integration–, enabling them to purchase and sell health services to and from other public providers as a strategy to improve their performance. Materials and methods. Based on indicators of normative alignment with respect to functional integration across public health provider and governance institutions, content analysis was undertaken of national health programs and relevant laws and guidelines for financial coordination. Results. Significant progress was identified in the implementation of agreements for the coordination of public institutions. While the legal framework provides for a National Health System and a health sector, gaps and contradictions limit their scope. The General Register of Health is also moving forward, yet it lacks the necessary legal foundation to become a comprehensive tool for integration. The medical service exchange agreements are also moving forward based on tariffs and shared guidelines. However, there is a lack of incentives to promote the expansion of these agreements. Conclusions. It is recommended to update the legal framework for the coordination of the National Health System, ensuring a more harmonious and general focus to provide functional integration with the needed impulse.

Discrimination of legal entities: Phenomenological characteristics and legal protection

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Petrušić Nevena

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Their social nature encourages people to associate and jointly achieve the goals that they would not be able to achieve individually. Legal entities are created as one of the legal modalities of that association, as separate entities that have their own legal personality independent of the subjectivity of their members. Legal entities are holders of some human rights, depending on the nature of the right, including the right to non-discrimination. All mechanisms envisaged for legal protection against discrimination in the national legislation are available to legal persons. On the other hand, the situation is quite different in terms of access to international forums competent to deal with cases of discrimination. Legal entities do not have access to some international forums, while they may have access to others under the same conditions prescribed for natural persons. Legal entities may be exposed to various forms of direct and indirect discrimination both in the private and in the public sphere of social relations. Phenomenological characteristics of discrimination against legal persons are not substantially different from discrimination against individuals. There are no significant differences regarding the application of discrimination test in cases of discrimination of legal entities as compared to the use of this test in cases involving discrimination of natural persons or groups of persons. Legal entities may be discriminated against on the basis of characteristics of their legal personality, such as those which are objective elements of the legal entity and part of its legal identity. Discrimination of legal entities may be based on personal characteristics of its members (i.e. people who make a personal essence of a legal entity because their characteristics can be 'transferred' to the legal entity and become part of its identity. Legal entities should also be protected from this special form of transferred (associative discrimination.

Muerte encefálica: consideraciones clínicas y legales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

W. Arnold Hoppe, Dr.

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Temor y ambivalencia son aspectos centrales en la matriz sociocultural relacionada con la muerte encefálica. Para el médico que debe evaluar pacientes y certificar el diagnóstico de muerte encefálica es crucial contar con una sólida comprensión de la fisiopatología, los criterios diagnósticos y de los exámenes complementarios. La existencia de un marco legal coherente y completo para el diagnóstico de muerte encefálica, independiente de la potencial donación de órganos, es ciertamente crucial para el médico. La relevancia que tiene en este sentido el fallo del Tribunal Constitucional de Chile del 13 de agosto de 1995 se analiza en profundidad.

E-Waste Supply Chain in Mexico: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Samantha E. Cruz-Sotelo

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Electronic waste is a widespread environmental problem. From all waste streams, e-waste is registering one of the largest growing rates (between 3% and 5%. In Mexico, the e-waste recovery system comprises a mix of formal and informal sectors not well known to date. The goal of this article was to analyze electronic waste in Mexico through the active actors in the recovery chain. This article presents the evolution of studies on electronic waste in Mexico. The legal regulations and public policies were analyzed, as were the existing practices of electronic waste handling, and some challenges facing this country for waste flow management. A management model is proposed which highlights components that must be considered in the model and the opportunities and challenges to transition from an unbundled handling, which still has practices that lack environmental and technical support, to sustainable management.

Luisa's Ghosts: Haunted Legality and Collective Expressions of Pain.

Science.gov (United States)

Krauss, Amy

2018-04-25

Feminist health care providers have debated the efficacy of the decriminalization of abortion in Mexico City. Luisa, a counselor in a private clinic, suggested that while the law has expanded the visibility of, and access to safe abortion, it has also called forth "other ghosts." In this article, I take Luisa's critical perspective as a starting point for examining ongoing criminalization and moral stigma as forms of haunting that arise in the wake of the Mexico City abortion policy. Drawing on ethnographic research, I explore how Luisa's ghosts materialize in the embodied- affective relations between patients in new legal clinics. Women who attend public clinics negotiate moral stigma along with religious and familial pressures in the ways they suffer, as well as normalize abortion as a painful experience. Rather than approach pain as purely a sign of victimization, I suggest that its expression constitutes an effervescent collectivity between women in the clinic, making explicit, while at the same time dissipating, an intractable moral-affective knot that might otherwise be ignored.

Legal analysis at the Law for Civil liabilities by nuclear damage

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gonzalez G, A.

2000-01-01

The present work has the objective to analyse in specific terms the legal regime of the Civil liability by nuclear damage. It has been the intention of that this compilation is the initiation of a large way which awake the interests of jurists and specialists dedicated to study the aspects as the liability by nuclear damage, compensation guarantee, risk and nuclear damage among others. The peaceful applications of the nuclear energy require the necessity of a legal ordinance that it is updated according to the nuclear technology development that the regulations of the common law do not cover. This work is initiated mentioning some antecedents of the nuclear energy law in Mexico. Also is realized the study of the elemental concepts and definitions about the subject as the evolution of the legal figure in the National law frame where the jurist must do an incursion in the nuclear field and make use of scientific and technical terminology. It was analysed and it was made the reflection of the legal figure of liability, its exoneration cases, about the concepts of risk and nuclear damage overcoming the conceptual error among them. It is talked about the study of nuclear damage and its repairing as financial guarantee to compensate to the people injured by a nuclear accident. Finally, it was treated about the legal analysis and proposals of additions and reforms for updating the Nuclear damage liability Law, concluding with general contributions to the Law resulting products of this work. (Author)

Aspectos gerais do poliestireno

OpenAIRE

Montenegro, Ricardo Sá Peixoto; Serfaty, Moysés Elias

2002-01-01

O presente trabalho pretende dar uma visão geral e atualizada do poliestireno, o mais antigo termoplástico fabricado comercialmente no mundo. Apresenta-se uma visão simplificada do cenário mundial, da América do Sul e do Brasil, bem como alguns aspectos das tecnologias de fabricação e ambiental. Bibliografia: p. 136

Controle de constitucionalidade em face da mutação constitucional e da mutação legal

OpenAIRE

Bufulin, Vinicius Castrequini; Universidade Estadual de Londrina

2004-01-01

The study seeks to approach the fundamental aspects of the informal alteration of the group of juridical norms. So that it is possible an analysis of the control of constitutional of the product of the Constitutional Mutation and of the Legal Mutation. El estudio busca acercarse los aspectos fundamentales de la alteración informal del ordenamiento jurídico. Que para que sea posible un análisis del mando de constitucionalidade del producto de la Mutación Constitucional y de la Mutación Leg...

The peaceful use of nuclear energy: National legal implications; El uso pacifico de la energia nuclear: implicaciones juridicas nacionales

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guadarrama A, M E

2000-07-01

This work analyses in broad sense the legal regime about the use, exploitation and improvement of the nuclear energy in Mexico and its relationship with the International confines . It was realized the study of the elemental concepts referred about the subject and it is described briefly the evolution of the figure in the frame of as National as International laws. The objective of this work finds its basis on the provisions which contemplate the in force statutory law of the 27 Constitutional article concerning Nuclear energy but before considering the legal nature and the main characteristics of this normative instrument. (Author)

Legal issues of the natural gas regulation; Aspectos juridicos da regulacao do gas natural

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Soares, Adriano; Nunes, Alessandro; Nascimento, Juliana; Gois, Luciana; Jardim, Mariana; Moura, Tacio; Campos, Vitor [Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), RJ (Brazil). Faculdade de Direito

2004-07-01

The present essay analyses a new type of economic intervention of the Brazilian State, by means of overcoming his interventionist position with the opening to private wealth. This creates the need of State fiscalization, which is done by creating the regulatory agencies. Focussing the current regulatory model, the role ANP plays is distinguished in its regulatory, fiscalization and fomenter of gas-related activities functions, established as federal scope. Equally important is the analysis of state sphere activities and guardianship assigned by the Constitution, in its article 25, para. 2nd, to states that now need forensic basement to be able to explore the local service of canalized gas. In this context, a comparative model of the role played by the state regulatory agencies has been created concerning the states of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. It is, therefore, perceivable, by means of this study, the necessity to review the current regulatory model and legal dispositions, which, because of its lack of peculiarity, leaves gaps that will be filled in by this regulatory agent. (author)

Analysis considerations in the future of the nuclear energy in Mexico; Consideraciones de analisis en el futuro de la energia nuclear en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alonso V, G., E-mail: gustavo.alonso@inin.gob.mx [ININ, Carretera Mexico-Toluca s/n, 52750 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

2013-10-15

Mexico requires for legal command reducing the participation of fossil energy for the electric power production to not more than 65% for 2024, the other 35% will be covered by sources of clean energy, among which are the renewable sources and the nuclear energy. Inside the National Strategy of Energy 2012-2016 3 possible scenarios are outlined to give execution to this command, in this work is made an analysis of these scenarios and its implications in energy safety. (Author)

Detractors of democracy: overview of electoral crimes and abstentionism in Mexico

OpenAIRE

Rubén Manuel Ibarra-Reyes; Elizabeth Amador-Márquez

2017-01-01

This paper looks at two obstacles to democratic life in Mexico, electoral crimes and abstentionism. Speaking of electoral crimes and rates of abstentionism to analyze two of the most complex obstacles that the political culture and the Mexican democratic life faces and allows action strategies that promote from the legal wing and political inculturation tangible and implementable solutions context national to strengthen the social system. Thus, the characteristics of both problems and their c...

United States-Mexico border diabetes prevalence survey: lessons learned from implementation of the project Encuesta de prevalencia de diabetes en la zona fronteriza entre México y los Estados Unidos: lecciones aprendidas de la ejecución del proyecto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Federico G. de Cosío

2010-09-01

Full Text Available This paper reviews and discusses the main procedures and policies that need to be followed when designing and implementing a binational survey such as the United States of America (U.S.-Mexico Border Diabetes Prevalence Study that took place between 2001 and 2002. The main objective of the survey was to determine the prevalence of diabetes in the population 18 years of age or older along U.S.-Mexico border counties and municipalities. Several political, administrative, financial, legal, and cultural issues were identified as critical factors that need to be considered when developing and implementing similar binational projects. The lack of understanding of public health practices, implementation of existing policies, legislation, and management procedures in Mexico and the United States may delay or cancel binational research, affecting the working relation of both countries. Many challenges were identified: multiagency/multifunding, ethical/budget clearances, project management, administrative procedures, laboratory procedures, cultural issues, and project communications. Binational projects are complex; they require coordination between agencies and institutions at federal, state, and local levels and between countries and need a political, administrative, bureaucratic, cultural, and language balance. Binational agencies and staff should coordinate these projects for successful implementation.En este artículo se analizan los principales procedimientos y normas que se deberían seguir al diseñar y ejecutar una encuesta binacional, como el estudio de prevalencia de la diabetes en la zona fronteriza entre México y los Estados Unidos que se llevó a cabo entre el 2001 y el 2002. El objetivo principal de la encuesta fue determinar la prevalencia de diabetes en las personas de 18 años o mayores en los condados y municipios fronterizos entre México y los Estados Unidos. Se definieron diversos aspectos políticos, administrativos, financieros

Incapacidad jurídica, patria potestad y derechos humanos: El desafío político de los derechos igualitarios y el derecho a la diferencia Legal disability, parental rights and human rights: The political challenge of iqual rights and the right to the difference

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Romina Solitario

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo, que es un recorte de la tesis doctoral de la autora, aborda los derechos de las personas con problemáticas en salud mental, analizando un aspecto particular que consiste en las transformaciones que operan en los vínculos con los hijos a partir de la declaración de incapacidad jurídica por motivos de enfermedad mental. Estas transformaciones, que encuentran su punto de apoyo en categorías del derecho, se manifiestan a nivel de las prácticas adquiriendo diversas expresiones. El objetivo es analizar críticamente el marco jurídico vigente en salud mental considerando la esfera de lo jurídico como un aspecto de la realidad social, como un aspecto cultural entre otros (Krotz, 2002. No se busca construir modelos de aplicación general, abstraídos de los contextos sociales, como una visión meramente jurídica pudiera pretender, sino que, por el contrario, la intención es dar cuenta de la manera en que los sistemas jurídicos se encuentran inmersos y a la vez moldean las prácticas sociales.This work, that is part of the author´s PhD thesis, deals with the rights of people with mental health problems, analysing a particular aspect that consists of the transformations on the relationship with their children after the declaration of legal incapacity by mental illness. These changes that ind their support point in law categories, are implemented in practices acquiring various expressions. The aim is to critically analyze the current legal framework in mental health considering legal sphere as an aspect of social reality, as a cultural aspect among others (Krotz, 2002. The intention is not to construct models with general application, abstracted from social contexts, as a legal perspective could claim, but on the contrary, the intention is to explain how legal systems are not only involved but also shape social practices.

Aspectos bioéticos e médico-legais do implante coclear em crianças Bioethics and medical/legal considerations on cochlear implants in children

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivan Dieb Miziara

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Implante coclear é a melhor forma de correção da surdez profunda nas formas congênitas. As crianças "implantáveis" são tidas como "vulneráveis", recaindo a decisão de se implantar sobre os responsáveis. Pelo Código Penal Brasileiro, o surdo-mudo pode ter sua imputabilidade reduzida. Existem controvérsias bioéticas a respeito do implante, pois parcela dos representantes da chamada "comunidade de surdos" vê nele uma maneira de "dizimar" sua cultura e valores intrínsecos. OBJETIVOS: Discutir em termos bioéticos a validade de se realizar implante coclear em criança, analisando a sua vulnerabilidade e os aspectos socioculturais do problema, e discutir aspectos médico-legais a respeito da imputabilidade do surdo-mudo. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Forma de estudo: pesquisou-se o tema nas bases de dados Medline e Lilacs e a análise ética foi baseada na Bioética Principialista. RESULTADOS: O implante coclear é a melhor opção terapêutica para correção da surdez profunda, estando moralmente justificado. Quanto à imputabilidade penal do surdo-mudo é necessário analisar seu grau de entendimento e autodeterminação à época dos fatos a ele imputados. CONCLUSÕES: O implante coclear é moralmente válido. Sua aplicação deverá ser analisada em cada caso, cabendo ao otorrinolaringologista a responsabilidade ética pela indicação, após assinatura de termo de consentimento pelos responsáveis pela criança.Cochlear implants are the best treatment for congenital profound deafness. Pediatric candidates to implantation are seen as vulnerable citizens, and the decision of implanting cochlear devices is ultimately in the hands of their parents/guardians. The Brazilian Penal Code dictates that deaf people may enjoy diminished criminal capacity. Many are the bioethical controversies around cochlear implants, as representatives from the deaf community have seen in them a means of decimating their culture and intrinsic values. OBJECTIVE: This

Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Semaan, Leslie

The text explores Mexico's history, geography, art, religion, and lifestyles in the context of its complex economy. The text focuses on Mexico's economy and reasons for its current situation. Part I of this teaching unit includes: Teacher Overview, Why Study Mexico, Mexico Fact Sheet, Map of Mexico, the Land and Climate, History, Government,…

THE RELEVANCE OF SOCIO-LEGAL STUDIES IN LEGAL SCIENCE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Victor Imanuel W. Nalle

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Some law schools in Indonesia reject socio-legal studies with epistemological arguments that puts jurisprudence as sui generis. Rejection is based argument that jurisprudence is a normative science. In fact socio-legal studies in the development of jurisprudence outside Indonesia has long existed and contributed to the legal reform. Socio-legal studies also significant for legal reform. It is caused by the existence of non doctrinal aspect in law making and implementation of the law. Therefore the position and relevance of socio-legal research is not related to the benefits that provided for the development of national law or jurisprudence. Beberapa fakultas hukum di Indonesia menolak penelitian sosio-legal dengan argumentasi epistemologis yang menempatkan ilmu hukum sebagai sui generis. Penolakan tersebut didasarkan argumentasi bahwa ilmu hukum adalah ilmu yang bersifat normatif. Kenyataannya studi sosio-legal dalam perkembangan ilmu hukum di luar Indonesia telah lama eksis dan berperan dalam pembaharuan hukum. Selain itu, studi sosiolegal juga berperan dalam pembaharuan hukum. Hal ini disebabkan adanya aspek-aspek nondoktrinal yang berperan dalam pembentukan hukum dan implementasi hukum di masyarakat. Oleh karena itu kedudukan dan relevansi penelitian sosio-legal pada ada tidaknya manfaat yang diberikan bagi perkembangan hukum nasional ataupun ilmu hukum.

THE RELEVANCE OF SOCIO-LEGAL STUDIES IN LEGAL SCIENCE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Victor Imanuel W. Nalle

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Some law schools in Indonesia reject socio-legal studies with epistemological arguments that puts jurisprudence as sui generis. Rejection is based argument that jurisprudence is a normative science. In fact socio-legal studies in the development of jurisprudence outside Indonesia has long existed and contributed to the legal reform. Socio-legal studies also significant for legal reform. It is caused by the existence of non doctrinal aspect in law making and implementation of the law. Therefore the position and relevance of socio-legal research is not related to the benefits that provided for the development of national law or jurisprudence.   Beberapa fakultas hukum di Indonesia menolak penelitian sosio-legal dengan argumentasi epistemologis yang menempatkan ilmu hukum sebagai sui generis. Penolakan tersebut didasarkan argumentasi bahwa ilmu hukum adalah ilmu yang bersifat normatif. Kenyataannya studi sosio-legal dalam perkembangan ilmu hukum di luar Indonesia telah lama eksis dan berperan dalam pembaharuan hukum. Selain itu, studi sosiolegal juga berperan dalam pembaharuan hukum. Hal ini disebabkan adanya aspek-aspek nondoktrinal yang berperan dalam pembentukan hukum dan implementasi hukum di masyarakat. Oleh karena itu kedudukan dan relevansi penelitian sosio-legal pada ada tidaknya manfaat yang diberikan bagi perkembangan hukum nasional ataupun ilmu hukum.

Guide for the development of power generation projects using renewable energy in and for municipalities; Guia para el desarrollo de proyectos de generacion de electricidad con energia renovable en y para los municipios

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

De Buen Rodriguez, Odon [Energia, Tecnologia y Educacion, S.C., ENTE, S.C. (Mexico)

2010-05-15

The Mexico Competitiveness Project has come about as a result of a good understanding and broad cooperation between the United States and Mexican governments. Its primary objective is to strengthen governance so as to improve the economic competitiveness of Mexico as well as to improve environmental management for the preservation of biodiversity in the country. This program, financed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), will be carried out for approximately 4 years, from October 2008 to November 2012. Its cooperative efforts are primarily focused on assisting local efforts to foster sustainable development. In this context, and as part of the specific activities on which the program is focused during the current year, the Guide for the Development of Power Generation Projects in Municipalities was designed, whose purpose is to integrate information to enable municipal officials to understand these types of projects and take actions to foster their development. The present guide consists of a set of modules that detail and explain the most important aspects involved in the development of these projects, ranging from legal considerations to costs associated with the projects themselves. This guide has two sections: a general portion with 8 chapters about topics directly related to the projects and a set of appendices that describe aspects relevant to moving forward with projects for power generation using renewable energy. [Spanish] El Programa de Competitividad Mexico se deriva del buen entendimiento y amplia cooperacion entre los gobiernos de Estados Unidos y Mexico, y tiene como principal objetivo fortalecer la gobernabilidad para mejorar la competitividad economica de Mexico, asi como robustecer la gestion ambiental para preservar la biodiversidad del pais. Este programa, que es financiado por la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID), tiene una duracion aproximada de cuatro anos a partir de octubre

ASPECTOS FINANCIEROS DE LA REFORMA LOCAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amable Corcuera Torres

2015-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se analizan los aspectos jurídico-financieros más relevantes que incluye la Ley 27/2013, de 27 de diciembre, de racionalización y sostenibilidad de la Administración Local. Las nuevas medidas incluidas en la citada Ley afectan tanto a los ingresos de los entes locales como a sus gastos. Al respecto, se abordan cuestiones relativas a los efectos económicos de la fusión de municipios, la supresión general de licencias, el contenido de los planes económico-financieros, el cálculo del coste efectivo de los servicios, el redimensionamiento del sector público local, la novedosa atribución a la Junta de Gobierno Local de la competencia para aprobar ciertos actos financieros, la disolución de entidades de ámbito territorial inferior al Municipio que no presenten sus cuentas antes de 31 de diciembre de 2014 o la posibilidad de reducir la deuda comercial o financiera a través de la venta de patrimonio público del suelo. In this work the most important legal and financial aspects including the Law 27/2013, of 27 December, rationalization and sustainability of local government are analyzed. The new measures included in that Act affect both the income of local authorities and their expenses. In this regard, issues concerning the economic effects of the merger of municipalities, the general abolition of licenses, the content of financial plans, the calculation of the actual cost of services, the local public sector downsizing, the novel addresses allocation to the Local Government of the power to grant certain financial actions, the dissolution of entities below the Municipality territory who do not submit their accounts before December 31, 2014 or the possibility of reducing the commercial or financial debt through the sale of public land heritage.

Mexico, the challenge of integrating renewable energy into the grid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martínez Aranda, R.

2016-01-01

Mexico is the second largest market in Latin America’s renewable energy sector and the one that offers the highest growth potential. During a time of transition in which the rules of the market are being redefined and technical standards updated, applications for pre-feasibility studies up until 2018 have already exceeded 27,400 MW. For this trend to consolidate, a legal framework and robust technique is critical that satisfies the interests of both the public and the developers, without compromising electrical grid stability. (Author)

Defining Legal Moralism

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thaysen, Jens Damgaard

2015-01-01

This paper discusses how legal moralism should be defined. It is argued that legal moralism should be defined as the position that “For any X, it is always a pro tanto reason for justifiably imposing legal regulation on X that X is morally wrong (where “morally wrong” is not conceptually equivalent...... to “harmful”)”. Furthermore, a distinction between six types of legal moralism is made. The six types are grouped according to whether they are concerned with the enforcement of positive or critical morality, and whether they are concerned with criminalising, legally restricting, or refraining from legally...... protecting morally wrong behaviour. This is interesting because not all types of legal moralism are equally vulnerable to the different critiques of legal moralism that have been put forth. Indeed, I show that some interesting types of legal moralism have not been criticised at all....

Legal aspects relating to the captation and exploitation of groundwater in Spain; Aspectos legales a considerar en las obras de ejecuion, instalacion y puesta en servicio de las captaciones de agua subterranea en Espana

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garcia Ruiz, T.

2007-07-01

The legal aspects relating to the captation and exploitation of groundwater in Spain are very broad and are contained in a large number of provisions, which in many cases are presented in a piece-meal fashion, making it difficult its interpretation. In most cases, is the experience of professionals working in the area which is used to be knowing and synthesizing all the legal nuances, since often the own competent administrations have a biased approach of the law. This article presents a compendium of the main laws that affect the captation and exploitation of ground-water in Spain. (Author)

Children’s Migration to the United States from Mexico and Central America: Evidence from the Mexican and Latin American Migration Projects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katharine M. Donato

2015-02-01

Full Text Available In light of rising numbers of unaccompanied minors at the Mexico-US border in 2014, this article examines child migration from Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua. Using data from the Mexican and Latin American Migration Projects that permit us to go beyond simple descriptive analysis about children apprehended at the border, we investigate the extent to which children from these countries: (1 enter without legal authorization to do so; (2 are more likely to cross the border now than in the past; and (3 are tied to their parents’ migration. In theory, if immigration and refugee protections worked well for children and offered them legal pathways to reunify with their families, then we would expect low levels of unauthorized entry and no dramatic shifts over time. However, our examination of child migration shows that it is strongly linked to unauthorized entry, period of entry, and parents’ US experience.The findings show that the migration of children is closely linked to their parents’ migration history. Although the overall likelihood of a Mexican child making a first US trip is quite low, it is practically non-existent for children whose parents have no US experience. Thus, the increase in child migration from Central America, and the continued high levels of child migration from Mexico result from widespread migration networks and the United States’ long-standing reliance on the children’s parents as immigrant workers. The findings suggest that these children need protection in the form of family reunification and permanent legal status.

Detractors of democracy: overview of electoral crimes and abstentionism in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rubén Manuel Ibarra-Reyes

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This paper looks at two obstacles to democratic life in Mexico, electoral crimes and abstentionism. Speaking of electoral crimes and rates of abstentionism to analyze two of the most complex obstacles that the political culture and the Mexican democratic life faces and allows action strategies that promote from the legal wing and political inculturation tangible and implementable solutions context national to strengthen the social system. Thus, the characteristics of both problems and their current status in the country are presented.

Analysis considerations in the future of the nuclear energy in Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alonso V, G.

2013-10-01

Mexico requires for legal command reducing the participation of fossil energy for the electric power production to not more than 65% for 2024, the other 35% will be covered by sources of clean energy, among which are the renewable sources and the nuclear energy. Inside the National Strategy of Energy 2012-2016 3 possible scenarios are outlined to give execution to this command, in this work is made an analysis of these scenarios and its implications in energy safety. (Author)

What is legal medicine--are legal and forensic medicine the same?

Science.gov (United States)

Beran, Roy G

2010-04-01

Some consider the terms "forensic" and "legal" medicine to be synonymous but this is counter to the title of the Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine or the dual strands for progression to fellowship of the Australian College of Legal Medicine. The paper examines a very brief historical background to legal medicine and develops a definition of the strands thereof, namely legal and forensic medicine. It demonstrates that the two are different components of the application of medical knowledge upon the legal system. Legal medicine has greater relevance to civil and tort law, impacting upon patient care, whereas forensic medicine relates to criminal law and damage to, or by, patients.

DIAGNOSIS OF AQUACULTURE IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ALVARADO VERACRUZ, MEXICO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lenin Rangel-López

2014-07-01

Full Text Available This research aims to analyze the current situation of aquaculture farms in the Municipality of Alvarado, Veracruz, Mexico. During this study, 29 interviews were conducted aimed to the units of aquaculture producers; 24 variables were analyzed within the aspects of the socio-economic, technical, marketing and legal framework. The most relevant results within the legal framework: 21% of units has “National Registration of Fisheries and Aquaculture” (RNPyA and 7% has “Federal Taxpayer Register” (RFC; in the socio-economic aspects: 187 jobs are generated; on technical aspects: the average area for cultivation is 410.11 ha, 79% of production is Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.. The aquaculture activity on Alvarado, Veracruz, it is in a learning process, therefore strategies are needed in order to the development of the activity and increasing production; improving cultivation methodologies and training producers on managing their aquaculture units.

Las clínicas jurídicas y la identidad del jurista: reflexiones filosófico-jurídicas a partir del debate italiano | Legal Clinics And The Identity Of The Jurist: A Legal-Philosophical Perspective From The Italian Landscape

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Giulia Bernardini

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Si bien en Italia el debate sobre las clínicas jurídicas está en una fase inicial, cada vez hay un mayor número de universidades que están poniendo en marcha iniciativas vinculadas a tal fenómeno emergente. Ello permite plantearse nuevas cuestiones, en especial aquellas relacionadas con las clínicas, pero también es posible reconfigurar algunos de los temas “clásicos” y fundamentales de la filosofía del derecho. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo apuntar algunos de tales aspectos. Así tras una reconstrucción del marco general del debate, me detendré sobre los temas principales de la experiencia clínica, esto es la formación del jurista y la tensión por alcanzar la justicia social. Abstract: Although the Italian debate concerning legal clinics is at the beginning, a growing number of Law Schools is starting to explore this approach to legal education. As a consequence, new topics specifically concerning legal clinics arise, while others – more “traditional” for legal-philosophical experts – need to be reconfigured and re-articulated. This essay aims at addressing some of the latter aspects: once the terms of the debate have been reconstructed, I will consider two of the main topics of the clinical experience, namely the jurist’s formation and the tension towards social justice outcomes.

Trabalho infanto-juvenil: motivações, aspectos legais e repercussão social Child and adolescent labor: factors, legal aspects, and social repercussions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Otávio Cruz Neto

1998-04-01

Full Text Available A população infanto-juvenil constitui-se hoje em um dos segmentos mais prejudicados pelo acirramento dos problemas sócio-econômico-culturais que o País enfrenta. O não oferecimento por parte do poder público de uma rede de ensino de qualidade e universal, a concentração de renda, os baixos salários, o desemprego e a desestruturação das famílias são fatores que vêm afetando diretamente a trajetória de vida de crianças e adolescentes, abrigando-os a inserirem-se precocemente no mercado de trabalho, no qual seus direitos como "cidadãos em condições especiais de desenvolvimento" são seguidamente vilipendiados. O presente artigo objetiva fornecer subsídios para a erradicação do trabalho infantil e para a adequação da atividade laboral juvenil ao preconizado pela legislação brasileira. Para isso, procura levantar na Constituição Federal, na Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas e no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente as situações em que estas atividades são ­ ou não ­ permitidas, dirimindo as possíveis divergências existentes entre estes instrumentos jurídicos e analisando seus aspectos sociais.Children and youth are currently one of the population segments most heavily jeopardized by the worsening of social, economic, and cultural problems in Brazil. Factors such as lack of government support for a sound, universally accessible school system, income concentration, low wages, unemployment, and family dysfunction have direct impacts on the life histories of children and adolescents, forcing them to join the labor market early, where their rights as "citizens with special developmental conditions" are routinely ignored. This article aims to provide support for the eradication of child labor and the adaptation of adolescent labor to the terms of the pertinent Brazilian legislation. To this end, the article reviews the Federal Constitution, Consolidated Labor Laws, and Statute for Children and Adolescents to

Policy frameworks for adaptation to climate change in coastal zones. The case of the Gulf of Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Levina, E.; Jacob, J.S.; Ramos Bustillos, L.E.; Ortiz, I.

2007-05-01

This paper is the third in a series of AIXG (Annex I Expert Group on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)) papers that analyse the roles that national policy frameworks of various sectors play in adaptation to climate change. Adaptation to climate change is unlikely to be a standalone process. It occurs within the existing sectoral and cross-sectoral policy frameworks, including legal provisions, institutional structures, policies and management practices, and is supported by the available information tools. The previous two papers focused on the water sector. The aim of this paper is to identify and analyse policy frameworks that are important for facilitating adaptation to climate change impacts in coastal zones. The paper is based on the analysis of the Gulf of Mexico. Two countries, the US and Mexico, are examined, with a focus on two aspects of coastal zones: wetlands and built environment. Next to these two sectors attention is paid to four components that construct policy frameworks, namely legal framework, institutional landscape, policies and management tools, and information. Following a brief introduction of the Gulf of Mexico region, its physical and economic characteristics, the paper takes a look at current climatic conditions and trends in the Gulf region and expected climate change impacts and the key vulnerabilities of the region to these changes (Section 2). The rational for the scope and focus of the sectoral analysis presented in this paper can also be found in Section 2. Section 3 focuses on the analysis of policy frameworks that govern wetlands in the US and Mexico and their links with adaptation. Section 4 focuses on the analysis of policy frameworks that govern the development of human settlements, and adaptation to climate change. Sections 3 and 4 follow a structure similar to the one that was used for the two previous papers on policy frameworks for adaptation in the water sector. Both sections examine

Legal Hybrids

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Herrmann, Janne Rothmar

2009-01-01

in which embryos and foetuses are placed are much more complex. These categories are identified using Danish legislation as an example and on that basis the article extracts and identifies the different parameters that play a part in the legal categorisation of the human conceptus.......The article discusses the inadequacy of traditional theory on legal personhood in relation to embryos and foetuses. To challenge the somewhat binary view of legal personhood according to which the ‘born alive' criterion is paramount the article demonstrates that the number of legal categories...

Las microfinancieras: por la sostenibilidad y un marco legal apropiado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iván Gutiérrez Aguirre

2002-02-01

Full Text Available En los últimos años el sector de las microfinanzas ha crecido de forma acelerada hasta llegar a tener un peso importante en la generación de servicios financieros a los micro y pequeños empresarios. También han surgido nuevas tendencias dentro de las microfinanzas en orden a convertirlas en entidades de mayor nivel de eficiencia y especialización. Sin embargo, diversos obstáculos de carácter técnico, legal y regulatorio han impedido su desarrollo y formalización. Existen diversos caminos para que este sector de las finanzas tome un rumbo nuevo y estable, para ello tienen que ampliar su horizonte estratégico, profundizar sus procesos de eficiencia y transparencia y abrir nuevos espacios en los mercados del microcrédito. En este artículo presentaremos una reseña de los principales aspectos que atraen o preocupan de esta actividad financiera.

Promoción y regulación ambiental de la palma aceitera en el Perú: aspectos legales e institucionales

OpenAIRE

Dammert B., Juan Luis

2016-01-01

Analiza el marco legal e institucional referido al cultivo de palma aceitera en el Perú, e identifica y discute algunos elementos que se consideran contradictorios. En la medida en que el cultivo está asociado con prácticas de cambio de cobertura forestal a agraria, la deforestación es el fenómeno que se analiza en mayor profundidad, pero no es el único.

Regional Legal Assistance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abdul Fatah

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Legal aid policy in the area carried out on several considerations including: Implementation of the authority given to the legal aid act, granting the guarantee and protection of access to justice and equality before the law in the area, equitable distribution of justice and increase public awareness and understanding of the law, and legal implications that accompanied the emergence of the right to legal counsel without pay and the right to choose the legal settlement. How To Cite Fatah, A. (2015. Regional Legal Assistance. Rechtsidee, 2(1, 1-10. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v2i1.7

Public health and social injustice are the key issues for the decriminalization of abortion in Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

1994-01-01

Although the Second National Abortion Survey Gallup found that 88% of Mexicans believe abortion should be a woman's choice and 77% think the decriminalization of abortion would substantially reduce maternal mortality, abortion in Mexico remains governed by a 1931 criminal code. The survey was initiated by the Information and Reproductive Choice Group to provide information for the 1994 national debate on abortion. Supporters of legal abortion note that poor women resort to unsafe pregnancy terminations without regard to the criminal status of abortion. According to Patricia Mercado, co-founder of the Reproductive Choice Group, "You can be against abortion, but still allow it to be decriminalized. In other words, criminalization does not prevent women from having abortions, it only makes then have then in bad conditions. The idea is that women should be able to decide freely without risking problems of health and social justice." Despite public support for abortion legalization, survey results indicate widespread fear about acknowledging the existence of clandestine abortion. An estimated 1-2 million illegal abortions occur each year in Mexico, yet only 26% of survey respondents would admit to knowing a woman who had undergone illegal abortion.

Presentación del Libro, “Epilepsia. Aspectos Clínicos y Psicosociales”.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Medina Malo

2006-12-01

aspectos biológicos. Es excelente porque muestra el equipo que reunió el Dr. Medina, a los integrantes de la Liga contra la Epilepsia, que se ve reflejada en ese aspecto biopsicosocial de la persona con epilepsia.

Fundamental discrepancies in abortion estimates and abortion-related mortality: A reevaluation of recent studies in Mexico with special reference to the International Classification of Diseases

Science.gov (United States)

Koch, Elard; Aracena, Paula; Gatica, Sebastián; Bravo, Miguel; Huerta-Zepeda, Alejandra; Calhoun, Byron C

2012-01-01

In countries where induced abortion is legally restricted, as in most of Latin America, evaluation of statistics related to induced abortions and abortion-related mortality is challenging. The present article reexamines recent reports estimating the number of induced abortions and abortion-related mortality in Mexico, with special reference to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). We found significant overestimations of abortion figures in the Federal District of Mexico (up to 10-fold), where elective abortion has been legal since 2007. Significant overestimation of maternal and abortion-related mortality during the last 20 years in the entire Mexican country (up to 35%) was also found. Such overestimations are most likely due to the use of incomplete in-hospital records as well as subjective opinion surveys regarding induced abortion figures, and due to the consideration of causes of death that are unrelated to induced abortion, including flawed denominators of live births. Contrary to previous publications, we found important progress in maternal health, reflected by the decrease in overall maternal mortality (30.6%) from 1990 to 2010. The use of specific ICD codes revealed that the mortality ratio associated with induced abortion decreased 22.9% between 2002 and 2008 (from 1.48 to 1.14 deaths per 100,000 live births). Currently, approximately 98% of maternal deaths in Mexico are related to causes other than induced abortion, such as hemorrhage, hypertension and eclampsia, indirect causes, and other pathological conditions. Therefore, only marginal or null effects would be expected from changes in the legal status of abortion on overall maternal mortality rates. Rather, maternal health in Mexico would greatly benefit from increasing access to emergency and specialized obstetric care. Finally, more reliable methodologies to assess abortion-related deaths are clearly required. PMID:23271925

Legalization of Sunday alcohol sales and alcohol consumption in the United States.

Science.gov (United States)

Yörük, Barış K

2014-01-01

To investigate the relationship between legalization of Sunday alcohol sales and alcohol consumption in the United States. State-level per capita consumption of beer, wine and spirits was analyzed using difference-in-differences econometric methods. United States. Five treatment states that repealed their laws restricting Sunday alcohol sales during 1990-2007 and 12 control states that retained their Sunday alcohol laws during the same period. Outcome measures are state-level per capita consumption of overall alcohol, beer, wine and spirits. Among the states that legalized Sunday sales of alcoholic beverages, Delaware, Pennsylvania and New Mexico experienced significant increases in overall alcohol consumption (P sales in Massachusetts and Rhode Island on per capita alcohol consumption was insignificant (P = 0.964 and P = 0.367). Three out of five states in the United States that repealed their laws restricting Sunday sale of alcoholic beverages during 1990-2007 experienced significant increases in per capita alcohol consumption. This finding implies that increased alcohol availability leads to an increase in alcohol consumption. © 2013 Society for the Study of Addiction.

Trends in electricity markets and international investment in Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bohigas, N.

1999-01-01

A review of current market trends in the energy sector around the world was presented. There is a global movement towards the restructuring of public utility companies. The Americas are opening new energy markets, integrating gas and electricity, privatising public utilities and making mass investments. Mexico has made a proposal to liberalize the market since extensive restructuring is needed to encourage foreign investment. Over the next ten years, energy needs are expected to reach 22,000 MW. Much of this paper focused on how Hydro-Quebec International would be a partner of choice in the Mexican energy market. Hydro-Quebec International is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hydro-Quebec. It has a wide range of expertise in hydroelectric power. The utility has completed more than 300 contracts in 80 countries. Their projects in Mexico include the ECOMEX NGV project which involves the construction of compressed stations, and the CLOROTEC project which includes the construction of a thermal generating station and cogeneration with a capacity of 105 MW. This paper also described the ideal conditions for investing as being political stability, a defined regulatory structure, an established legal system, complementary partners, and acceptable rate of return. It was determined that in order to promote a more favourable investment climate, Mexico must approve the structural reform proposed to the electrical sector

Petroleum industry in Latin America: volume III Argentina, Bolivia, Mexico, Peru

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reinsch, A.E.; Tissot, R.R.

1995-01-01

As the previous volume in this series, this concluding volume was divided into separately paged sections, one for each of Argentina, Bolivia, Mexico and Peru, each section being complete in itself. For each of the countries dealt with, there was a brief historical introduction, followed by a detailed analysis of its energy sector, a description of the physical and market characteristics, the transportation and infrastructure systems, the legal and regulatory issues pertaining to the petroleum industry, especially as regards investment and environmental requirements, and an analysis of the prevailing political climate. figs., tabs., refs

La ingeniería legal en la formación del ingeniero y la contratación estatal en ingeniería

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Guzmán Castro

2002-05-01

Full Text Available En la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá, se ha ofrecido desde hace mucho tiempo la asignatura Ingeniería Legal, que conceptualiza los puntos de convergencia entre el ejercicio de la ingeniería y los aspectos legales vigentes en el país. Inicialmente el ilustre ingeniero Alfredo Bateman, y más adelante los autores del artículo han dirigido el curso que se ha dictado para todas las especialidades de ingeniería. Al comienzo del presente artículo se describen los conceptos de la ingeniería legal, agrupándolos en subtemas: la legislación laboral, las actividades mercantiles y el régimen de sociedades, la propiedad y la legislación fiscal, la contratación en ingeniería, la legislación ambiental y la reglamentación de la profesión de ingeniería. En una segunda parte se profundiza en uno de los temas, la contratación en ingeniería, describiendo los tipos de contratos y las condiciones de contratación vigentes en la legislación colombiana.

Financing options in Mexico`s energy industry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McKenna, J.J. [PricewaterhouseCoopers Securities, Houston, TX (United States)

1999-10-01

A series of brief notes accompanied this presentation which was divided into seven sections entitled: (1) capital markets update, (2) Mexican financial market update, (3) financing options in the energy industry, (4) the Venezuelan experience at La Apertura, (5) private and strategic equity alternatives, (6) Pricewaterhouse Coopers Securities, and (7) Mexico energy 2005 prediction. The paper focused on how the financial crisis and merger activity in Latin America will impact electricity reform in Mexico. It was noted that under Mexico`s Policy Proposal for Electricity Reform of the Mexican Electricity Industry, the financial community will seek to back companies in power generation, transportation and distribution. The difficulty of financing government businesses undergoing privatization was also discussed with particular emphasis on the challenge of accepting political and regulatory risks. The Latin private equity market and Canadian investment in Mexico was also reviewed. Since NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) went into affect in 1994, Canadian investment in Mexico has more than tripled. Canadian companies have invested more than C$1.7 billion in Mexico since NAFTA. Pricewaterhouse Coopers Securities is a global investment bank which sees large opportunities in the Mexican energy market. They predict that in five years, Mexico will experience a gradual liberalization of the oil and gas sector, and a full liberalization of the gas pipeline and distribution business and the power generation, transmission and distribution business. 3 figs.

Legal method in danish law

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Blume, Peter Erik

and furthermore a brief account of Danish legal history is provided. The following chapters concern: • Legal institutions, • Statute and Statutory Law • Legal Decisions • Legal Literature and Legal Knowledge • Other National Legal Sources • External Influences on Danish Law......This book describes how legal method is used within the Danish legal system. Its target group is foreign lawyers and law students who have an interest in knowing how Danish law commonly is determined and applied. In the first chapters legal method and legal sources in general are defined...

LEGAL AND ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES ON THE LEGAL PENALTY INTEREST

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodica Diana APAN

2014-06-01

Full Text Available The legal evaluation of the penalty interest, meaning the ex lege determination of its level is applicable only in the case of non-fulfillment of a monetary payment obligation. The applicability of the system of legal evaluation of the interest is generally determined by the absence of a document that ascertains the agreement of the parties, such as a contract, through which the parties, following this agreement, evaluate the prejudice caused by the non-fulfillment of a monetary payment obligation, before the prejudice has occurred. The legal evaluation of the penalty interest, as a component of the regulation in the field of legal interest has the purpose to ensure creditor’s protection. Regardless of the prejudice caused to the creditor, the legal penalty interest shall be determined by relating it to a variable benchmark that is the level of the reference interest rate of the National Bank of Romania, which is the monetary policy interest rate of the National Bank of Romania.

Cannabis sintético: aspectos toxicológicos, usos clínicos y droga de diseño

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrés Felipe Casadiego Mesa

2015-07-01

Full Text Available La planta Cannabis Sativa, tiene un largo historial de uso en el transcurso de la humanidad y desde hace varias décadas, se ha retomado el interés por ella debido a su potencial terapéutico relacionado con diversidad de patologías. Sin embargo, el acercamiento a los aspectos toxicológicos, clínicos y terapéuticos de la planta y sus derivados sintéticos se ha visto limitado, debido a las connotaciones culturales y legales que existen en la actualidad alrededor de su uso, ya que dichos derivados sintéticos están siendo utilizados con fines recreativos, exponiendo a gran cantidad de personas a riesgos en su salud. Así pues, este artículo expondrá algunas generalidades sobre la planta, el sistema endocannabinoide y sus ligandos, su uso como droga de síntesis y su uso terapéutico, principalmente en las enfermedades neurodegenerativas del Parkinson y el Alzheimer.

[Abortion and rights. Legal thinking about abortion].

Science.gov (United States)

Perez Duarte, A E

1991-01-01

countries with decriminalization of abortion should also be assessed. Factors considered should include the true impunity of abortion, public health problems and socioeconomic problems generated by the state through criminalization of abortion, and the psychological and economic implications for women of the criminal status of abortion. Systems of decriminalization should be examined to decide which would be appropriate for Mexico. These systems include authorizing complete freedom of choice for the 1st trimester and permitting abortion only for specific indications. All penal codes in Mexico now use the system of abortion for specific indications. Few cases are accepted for legal pregnancy termination.

Mexico Geoid Heights (MEXICO97)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This 2' geoid height grid for Mexico, and North-Central America, is the MEXICO97 geoid model. The computation used about one million terrestrial and marine gravity...

Identifying and characterizing transboundary aquifers along the Mexico-US border: An initial assessment

Science.gov (United States)

Sanchez, Rosario; Lopez, Victoria; Eckstein, Gabriel

2016-04-01

The transboundary nature of water dividing Mexico and the United States (U.S.) transforms the entire border region into an instrument of cooperation, a source of conflict, a national security issue, and an environmental concern. Reasonable data collection and research analysis have been conducted for surface waters by joint governmental institutions and non-governmental bodies. However, with the exception of the U.S. Transboundary Assessment Act Program (TAAP) (focusing on the Hueco Bolson, Mesilla Bolson, San Pedro and Santa Cruz aquifers), there is no comparable research, institutional development, or assessment of transboundary groundwater issues on the frontier. Moreover, data collection and methodologies vary between the two countries, there is no broadly accepted definition of the transboundary nature of an aquifer, and available legal and policy frameworks are constrained by non-hydrological considerations. Hence, there is a conceptual and institutional void regarding transboundary groundwater resources between Mexico and the U.S. The purpose of this paper is to bridge this void and characterize transboundary aquifers on the Mexico-US border. It reviews existing international frameworks for identifying hydrological and social criteria that characterize an aquifer as transboundary. It then assesses data from both countries to propose where and which aquifers could be considered transboundary. Finally, the paper proposes an agenda for assessing Mexico-US transboundary aquifers as a means for improving groundwater management in the border region.

Aspectos psicosociales en universitarias embarazadas

OpenAIRE

Estupiñán-Aponte, María R.; Rodríguez-Barreto, Lucía

2009-01-01

Objetivo Determinar los aspectos psicosociales relacionados con el embarazo en estudiantes universitarias.Metodología A partir de la revisión de archivos y el muestreo intencional, se seleccionaron 68 estudiantes que tuvieron un embarazo adolescente. Mediante relatos de vida y entrevistas en profundidad se analizan las implicaciones del embarazo en la condición personal, familiar y académica.Resultados Durante el primer trimestre de embarazo, se generan crisis y ajustes en la estructura famil...

The Legal Case

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sartor, Giovanni; Contissa, Giuseppe; Schebesta, H.; Laukyte, Migle; Lanzi, Paola; Marti, Patrizia; Paola, Tomasello

2013-01-01

This paper presents the first release of the Legal Case, recently developed by the ALIAS Project and still under refinement. The Legal Case is a methodological tool intended to address liability issues of automated ATM systems: it provides for a legal risk management process that can be applied

O perfil dos ortodontistas em relação aos aspectos odontolegais dos prontuários odontológicos The profile of orthodontists in relation to the legal aspects of dental records

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giovanni Garcia Reis Barbosa

2010-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer os principais aspectos legais relacionados ao exercício da Ortodontia que podem ser utilizados como importantes instrumentos de defesa em caso de ação ética e/ou judicial. MÉTODOS: realizou-se um estudo transversal com ortodontistas de Belo Horizonte/MG, por meio de instrumento próprio (questionário, abordando os aspectos éticos e judiciais que envolvem essa especialidade. Foi solicitado, no questionário, o preenchimento dos seguintes campos: identificação pessoal, formação acadêmica, acessórios ortodônticos, higiene bucal, plano de tratamento, prestação de serviço, documentação ortodôntica, prescrição medicamentosa e vias de comunicação com o paciente, dentre outros. RESULTADOS: um montante de 237 ortodontistas, registrados no CRO-MG e domiciliados em Belo Horizonte, receberam o instrumento de coleta de dados. Desse universo, 69 (29,11% responderam e devolveram os questionários. Dos 69 respondentes, 57,97% eram do gênero masculino e 42,03% do feminino. Em relação às instituições onde esses profissionais se graduaram, constatou-se que 52,17% deles se formaram em Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES privadas. Observou-se que 34,78% dos ortodontistas concluíram a especialização entre 5 e 10 anos após o término da graduação. A maioria dos profissionais (94,2% registra nos prontuários as quebras dos acessórios ortodônticos utilizados pelos pacientes e 53,62% desses ortodontistas arquivam, por todo o período de atividade profissional, a documentação ortodôntica dos pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: por intermédio desse estudo, ficou evidente que alguns parâmetros de análise foram bastante satisfatórios, como: a existência de modelos contratuais para a prestação de serviços, a comunicação com os pacientes e/ou os responsáveis por eles em caso de abandono de tratamento, o arquivo da documentação ortodôntica e o registro, no prontuário, de quebras e

Aspectos éticos en investigaciones no clínicas en el campo de la salud: Algunas consideraciones acerca del consentimiento informado en personas declaradas incapaces Ethical aspects in non - clinical investigations in health: Some considerations about the informed consent in incapable people

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pamela Garbus

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación UBACyT P040 cuya directora es Alicia Stolkiner. El consentimiento informado es un aspecto dentro de la investigación social cuya utilización se ha convertido en una condición ineludible para sostener la viabilidad de un estudio dentro de aspectos éticos aceptables. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la especificidad que adquiere el consentimiento informado en investigación cuando se trata de realizar estudios con sujetos que han atravesado un juicio de insania y como resultado del mismo han sido declarados incapaces. Como metodología para este trabajo, se realizará un estudio documental de instrumentos normativos y legales (nacionales e internacionales que regulan los aspectos éticos que deben ser considerados en investigaciones no clínicas en salud, y aquellos que legislan los derechos de las personas con problemáticas psiquiátricas en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y en la Provincia de Buenos Aires.This paper is framed in the proyect of investigation UBACyT P040 whose director is Alicia Stolkiner. Informed consent is an aspect of social research that has become in recent years a prerequisite for sustaining the viability of a study within acceptable ethical aspects. The aim of this paper is to analyze the specificity of informed consent in research with people who has undergone a trial of insanity and as a result of it has been declared incapable. The methodology for this work is a documental study and the analysis of legal instruments (domestic and international that legislate ethical aspects that must be considered in clinical research in health, and those that legislate the rights of people with psychiatric problems in Buenos Aires City and the Province of Buenos Aires.

CHALLENGES TO ILLEGAL MIGRATION POLICIES AND NATIONAL SECURITY OF MEXICO: ANALYSIS FROM THE MANAGEMENT CONDUCTED BETWEEN 2001 AND 2014 AND THE CASE CONCERNING INTERNATIONAL REFERENCES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

PEDRO RODRÍGUEZ MORENO

2017-09-01

Full Text Available This article discusses the issue of political-legal, social and human rights challenges imposed by irregular migration to Mexico, a nation that has been converted into an important area of destination and transit to the United States. The criminalization of the phenomenon and, therefore, the securitization of immigration policy, endorsed by the National Security Policy, has led to social and humanitarian conditions that are deplorable for undocumented migrants most of the times. It then examines the situation of Mexico between 2001 and 2014 and the reality of international benchmarks in the field. One of the challenges recognized for Immigration and National Security policies on the social level is the stigmatization suffered by irregular migrants both adults and children. In the political-legal arena to challenge the institutionalization of irregular migration as a threat that affects national security and overcomes the disjunction between the established regulations and their implementation. Key

Dementia and legal competency.

Science.gov (United States)

Filaković, Pavo; Erić, Anamarija Petek; Mihanović, Mate; Glavina, Trpimir; Molnar, Sven

2011-06-01

The legal competency or capability to exercise rights is level of judgment and decision-making ability needed to manage one's own affairs and to sign official documents. With some exceptions, the person entitles this right in age of majority. It is acquired without legal procedures, however the annulment of legal capacity requires a juristic process. This resolution may not be final and could be revoked thorough the procedure of reverting legal capacity - fully or partially. Given the increasing number of persons with dementia, they are often subjects of legal expertise concerning their legal capacity. On the other part, emphasis on the civil rights of mentally ill also demands their maximal protection. Therefore such distinctive issue is approached with particular attention. The approach in determination of legal competency is more focused on gradation of it's particular aspects instead of existing dual concept: legally capable - legally incapable. The main assumption represents how person with dementia is legally capable and should enjoy all the rights, privileges and obligations as other citizens do. The aspects of legal competency for which person with dementia is going to be deprived, due to protection of one's rights and interests, are determined in legal procedure and then passed over to the guardian decided by court. Partial annulment of legal competency is measure applied when there is even one existing aspect of preserved legal capability (pension disposition, salary or pension disposition, ability of concluding contract, making testament, concluding marriage, divorce, choosing whereabouts, independent living, right to vote, right to decide course of treatment ect.). This measure is most often in favour of the patient and rarely for protection of other persons and their interests. Physicians are expected to precisely describe early dementia symptoms which may influence assessment of specific aspects involved in legal capacity (memory loss, impaired task

Legal Philosophy - Five Questions

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

This collection gathers together a host of the most eminent contemporary legal philosophers, who writes about their take on legal philosophy, its fundamental questions and potential.......This collection gathers together a host of the most eminent contemporary legal philosophers, who writes about their take on legal philosophy, its fundamental questions and potential....

Interrelation of the concepts «legal influence» and «administrative-legal influence»

OpenAIRE

Голуб, Віктор Олександрович

2014-01-01

The author analyzes the concept of «legal influence» and «administrative-legal influence» and examines their interrelation. Also the scientific positions related to understanding the essence of these concepts are analyzed. The author gives characteristic of the features, structural elements and forms of the administrative-legal influence. English abstract V. Golub Interrelation of the concepts «legal influence» and «administrative-legal influence» The author analyzes the concept of «legal inf...

Business structures and sustainable regional legal practice: the use of incorporated legal practices by regional, rural and remote legal practitioners

OpenAIRE

Caroline Lydia Hart

2012-01-01

Since 2007 the Legal Profession Act 2007 (Qld) has offered legal practitioners a wider choice of business structure other than sole practitioner or partnership, to include incorporated legal practice ('ILP') or multidisciplinary partnership. In particular the use of ILPs offers legal practitioners a range of benefits in terms of operating a law firm consistent with business management practices. The status of ILP however comes at a cost of putting in place 'appropriate management systems'. ...

A sense of self-suspicion: global legal pluralism and the claim to legal authority

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mariano Croce

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Legal pluralism has become common currency in many contemporary debates on law and globalization. Its main claim is that a form of global legal pluralism represents both the most accurate description of law in times of globalization and the best normative option. On the descriptive level, global legal pluralism is considered more reliable than state-based accounts. On the normative level, global legal pluralism is understood as a possibility to open up the legal realm to previously unheard voices. This article assesses these claims against the background of classic legal-pluralist scholarship. After reconstructing the emergence of global legal pluralism and then examining its epistemic and normative versions, the last two sections identify the shortcoming of this approach by underlining the absence of what the authors call ‘a sense of self-suspicion’ in drawing the map of legalities in the global sphere. The main argument put forward is that global legal pluralism is oblivious of a few key insights offered by the founding fathers of classic legal pluralism.

Aspectos legales de la publicidad en televisión y la defensa de lso derechos de las audiencias

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro J. Reinares Lara

2012-04-01

Full Text Available La comunicación publicitaria en televisión es parte fundamental en las estrategias de comunicación de los anunciantes, generando su elevado volumen de negocio complejas relaciones entre los agentes participantes. Este artículo presenta una interpretación del marco legal que regula los formatos publicitarios en televisión fundamentada en los procedimientos habituales del mercado. El análisis aplicado es resultado de una investigación sobre la adecuación de la normativa a las figuras reguladas  y sus equivalentes en los formatos comerciales de las cadenas, interpretando el grado de cumplimiento de los fines perseguidos por dicha normativa y en especial en la defensa de los derechos de las audiencias. 

Analysis - what is legal medicine?

Science.gov (United States)

Beran, Roy G

2008-04-01

Legal medicine addresses the interface between medicine and law in health care. The Australian College of Legal Medicine (ACLM) established itself as the peak body in legal and forensic medicine in Australia. It helped establish the Expert Witness Institute of Australia (EWIA), the legal medicine programme at Griffith University and contributes to government enquiries. Public health, disability assessment, competing priorities of privacy verses notification and determination of fitness for a host of pursuits are aspects of legal medicine. Complementing the EWIA, the ACLM runs training programmes emphasising legal medicine skills additional to clinical practice, advocating clinical relevance. Assessment of athletes' fitness and ensuring that prohibited substances are not inadvertently prescribed represent a growing area of legal medicine. Ethical consideration of health care should respect legal medicine principles rather than armchair commentary. International conventions must be respected by legal medicine and dictate physicians' obligations. The NSW courts imposed a duty to provide emergency medical care. Migration and communicable diseases are aspects of legal medicine. Police surgeons provide a face to legal medicine (which incorporates forensic medicine) underpinning its public perception of specialty recognition. Legal medicine deserves its place as a medical specialty in its own right.

Violence deaths and its impact on life expectancy: a comparison between Mexico and Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

González-Pérez, Guillermo Julián; Vega-López, María Guadalupe; Souza, Edinilsa Ramos de; Pinto, Liana Wernersbach

2017-09-01

Using official data, this study analyzed violent deaths (homicide, suicide, events of undetermined intent and deaths due to legal intervention) in Brazil and Mexico in the three-year periods 2002-2004 and 2012-14, the impact of these causes of death on life expectancy in both countries and the role of the different age groups in years of life expectancy lost (YLEL). Abridged life tables were constructed for both countries for both periods. Temporary life expectancy and YLEL between zero and 80 years by selected causes and age groups were calculated for each triennium. The leading cause of YLEL among men was homicide in both periods in Brazil (1.5 years) and in the second period in Mexico (one year). Violent deaths (VD) accounted for around 16% of YLEL in Brazil and 13% in Mexico in 2012-2014. Among women, YLEL due to homicides and suicides showed the greatest relative increase in both countries, although VD accounted for barely 3% of total YLEL. The highest percentage of YLEL due to VDwas found among the 15 to 29 year age groups in both countries and for both sexes. The increase in rates of VD in Mexico, above all among young people, has curbed further increases in life expectancy in recent years, especially among men. Likewise, the high rates of VD in Brazil in both periods have hindered the growth of life expectancy.

La huelga de hambre en el ámbito penitenciario: aspectos éticos, deontológicos y legales Hunger striking in prisons: ethics and the ethical and legal aspects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. García-Guerrero

2013-06-01

Full Text Available La huelga de hambre es una forma de reivindicación frecuente en prisiones y puede llegar a ocasionar multitud de problemas de todo tipo, tanto a la Administración penitenciaria como a los médicos encargados de la asistencia a los presos que la hacen. Asuntos como el conflicto de derechos y obligaciones en juego, así como la forma de tratarla en personas que están sujetas a la Administración, que en este caso adopta una posición de garante, han generado no poca polémica doctrinal. La objeción de conciencia y el conflicto de doble fidelidad de los médicos que trabajan en las prisiones son también asuntos muy ligados a una huelga de hambre penitenciaria. En este trabajo se revisará la solución que se da al problema del tratamiento de la huelga de hambre penitenciaria desde tres perspectivas: ética, deontológica y legal.Hunger strike is a common form of protest in prisons and is a potential cause of many types of problems, both for the prison administration and the doctors who care for prisoners who participate in one. Issues of conflict of rights and obligations involved, and how to treat people who are subject to the Administration, which in this case takes the position of guarantor, have created major controversies over doctrine. Conscientious objection and the conflict of dual loyalty of doctors working in prisons are also issues closely linked to a prison hunger strike. In this paper we review the solution given to the problem of treatment of a prison hunger strike from three perspectives: ethics, ethical and legal.

From Reproductive Rights to Responsibilization: Fashioning Liberal Subjects in Mexico City's New Public Sector Abortion Program.

Science.gov (United States)

Singer, Elyse Ona

2017-12-01

Building on medical anthropology literature that analyzes doctor-patient interactions as a charged site for the production of political subjectivities, I demonstrate how a central feature of Mexico City's new public sector abortion program involves "responsibilization." In accordance with entrenched Ministry of Health objectives, providers transmit a suite of values about personal responsibility and self-regulation through the use of birth control, hinging abortion rights to responsible reproductive subjectivity. Based on 18 months of ethnographic research across program clinics, including 75 interviews with patients and providers, I show how interrupción legal del embarazo protocols fashion "responsibilized" liberal subjects. I argue that the recent granting of abortion rights in Mexico City-ostensibly a new moment for the construction of women's citizenship-instead reflects and extends long-standing state agendas of "reproductive governance." My analysis of reproductive rights as the newest framing of ongoing population policies in Mexico adds to a critical anthropology of human rights and of liberal projects of governance. © 2016 by the American Anthropological Association.

Aspectos legales y éticos vinculados con el establecimiento y uso de los reservorios y bancos de ADN humano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bianchi, Néstor Oscar

2007-01-01

Full Text Available La utilidad de los depósitos de material genético humano para la investigación médica, antropológica y básica es indiscutible. Los repositorios y bancos permiten compartir las muestras entre distintos laboratorios de investigación, efectuar nuevos ensayos moleculares en muestras representativas de distintos grupos étnicos o de diversas enfermedades genéticas o hereditarias, acelerar y abaratar la obtención de resultados evitando la implementación de colectas de material biológico cada vez que se inicia un nuevo proyecto científico. Sin embargo, la organización de un repositorio o banco de material genético es compleja, involucra a varias partes (donantes, representantes legales del repositorio o banco, usuarios del material depositado y a distintas entidades y organismos públicos y privados con y sin fines de lucro, tales como organismos que proveen los fondos para financiar los bancos y repositorios, entidades sede de los bancos y repositorios, comités de ética encargados de autorizar y monitorear los depósitos de material genético, empresas farmacéuticas que realizan investigaciones con fines de lucro, organizaciones no gubernamentales sin fines de lucro que colectan fondos para el establecimiento de reservorios de material genético destinados a mejorar la asistencia médica de determinadas afecciones. Esta multiplicidad de actores con intereses diversos genera también diversas interpretaciones de las cuestiones éticas y legales relacionadas con los depósitos de material genético, las cuales se hacen evidentes al analizar las recomendaciones sobre el tema que hacen distintas organizaciones internacionales tales como UNESCO, HUGO, OMS, Comités de Ética de la Comunidad Europea y de Australia, “American Society of Human Genetics”, “American College of Medical Genetics”.

United States-Mexico Border Diabetes Prevalence Survey: lessons learned from implementation of the project.

Science.gov (United States)

de Cosío, Federico G; Díaz-Apodaca, Beatriz A; Ruiz-Holguín, Rosalba; Lara, Agustín; Castillo-Salgado, Carlos

2010-09-01

This paper reviews and discusses the main procedures and policies that need to be followed when designing and implementing a binational survey such as the United States of America (U.S.)-Mexico Border Diabetes Prevalence Study that took place between 2001 and 2002. The main objective of the survey was to determine the prevalence of diabetes in the population 18 years of age or older along U.S.-Mexico border counties and municipalities. Several political, administrative, financial, legal, and cultural issues were identified as critical factors that need to be considered when developing and implementing similar binational projects. The lack of understanding of public health practices, implementation of existing policies, legislation, and management procedures in Mexico and the United States may delay or cancel binational research, affecting the working relation of both countries. Many challenges were identified: multiagency/multifunding, ethical/budget clearances, project management, administrative procedures, laboratory procedures, cultural issues, and project communications. Binational projects are complex; they require coordination between agencies and institutions at federal, state, and local levels and between countries and need a political, administrative, bureaucratic, cultural, and language balance. Binational agencies and staff should coordinate these projects for successful implementation.

Texas-Mexico multimodal transportation: developments in Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Boske, Leigh B.

1994-03-01

This presentation highlights the results of a recently completed study that examines the Texas- Mexico multimodal transport system already in place, current plans for improvements or expansion, and opportunities and constraints faced by each transport mode -- motor carriage, rail, maritime, and air. Particular emphasis is given to findings regarding transportation developments in Mexico. The study concludes that in Mexico, all modes are working at establishing new services and strategic alliances, intermodal arrangements are on the rise, and private-sector participation in infrastructure improvements is growing daily at Mexican seaports and airports as well as within that nation's highway and rail systems. This presentation looks at developments that concern privatization, deregulation, infrastructure improvements, financing arrangements, and new services in Mexico.

Medico legal issues.

Science.gov (United States)

Mackenzie, Geraldine; Carter, Hugh

2010-01-01

This chapter gives an educational overview of: * An awareness of the legal issues involved in health informatics * The need for the privacy and security of the patient record * The legal consequences of a breach of the security of the patient record * The concept of privacy law and what precautions ought to be taken to minimize legal liability for a breach of privacy and/or confidentiality.

A construção médico-legal da violência sexual infantil nos EUA: Teorias, práticas e estratégias de controle

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Herbert Rodrigues

2017-12-01

Full Text Available O artigo apresenta aspectos do debate sobre a violência sexual infantil nos EUA nas últimas três décadas. A análise centra-se na construção médico-legal da questão da pedofilia. O objetivo principal consiste em apresentar a consolidação do debate atual por meio de uma análise da literatura médica, do ordenamento jurídico, dos sistemas de avaliação dos delinquentes sexuais e das plataformas digitais que divulgam a identidade dos agressores sexuais infantis. A discussão desse material é importante para compreender os desdobramentos e os significados históricos e sociais da disputa pelo conceito de pedofilia. The article The Medical-Legal Construction of Child Sexual Violence in the United States of America: Theories, Practices and Strategies of Control presents aspects of the debate on child sexual violence in the USA over the last three decades. The analysis focuses on the medical-legal construction of the issue of pedophilia. The main objective is to present the current debate through an analysis of the medical literature, legal ordering, the systems that assess of sex offenders, and the digital platforms that publicize information about sex offenders. The  discussion of this material is important for understanding the historical and social ramifications and the meanings of the disputed concept of pedophilia.Keywords: child, pedophilia, legal system, psychiatry, social control

September 1985 Mexico City, Mexico Images

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The magnitude 8.1 earthquake occurred off the Pacific coast of Mexico. The damage was concentrated in a 25 square km area of Mexico City, 350 km from the epicenter....

Aspectos subjetivos relacionados con la violencia intrafamiliar. Caso municipio de Sabaneta Antioquia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Naidalis Yadira Martínez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo identifica las interacciones en aspectos familiares y subjetivos. En el artículo se desarrollan los aspectos subjetivos de las dinámicas familiares que justifican el uso y la implementación de la violencia intrafamiliar, se da cuenta de la naturalización de la violencia intrafamiliar en la interacción de los grupos familiares, convirtiéndola en un elemento de la relación que se establece entre los miembros de la familia. En el análisis realizado se identifican aspectos coyunturales asociados a situaciones que se vivieron en la dinámica de la familia de origen, pero que al momento han sido pocas las condiciones que permiten la modi- ficación de estas conductas ya que las familias han asumido estas expresiones de violencia intrafamiliar como parte de sus vidas.

Lawful Sinners: Reproductive Governance and Moral Agency Around Abortion in Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Singer, Elyse Ona

2018-03-01

The Catholic Hierarchy unequivocally bans abortion, defining it as a mortal sin. In Mexico City, where the Catholic Church wields considerable political and popular power, abortion was recently decriminalized in a historic vote. Of the roughly 170,000 abortions that have been carried out in Mexico City's new public sector abortion program to date, more than 60% were among self-reported Catholic women. Drawing on eighteen months of fieldwork, including interviews with 34 Catholic patients, this article examines how Catholic women in Mexico City grapple with abortion decisions that contravene Church teachings in the context of recent abortion reform. Catholic women consistently leveraged the local cultural, economic, and legal context to morally justify their abortion decisions against church condemnation. I argue that Catholic women seeking abortion resist religious injunctions on their reproductive behavior by articulating and asserting their own moral agency grounded in the contextual dimensions of their lives. My analysis informs conversations in medical anthropology on moral decision-making around reproduction and on local dynamics of resistance to reproductive governance. Moreover, my findings speak to the deficiencies of a feminist vision focused narrowly on fertility limitation, versus an expanded framework of reproductive justice that considers as well the need for conditions of income equality and structural supports to facilitate reproduction and parenting among women who desire to keep their pregnancies.

Exploración de repositorios de software y análisis de potenciales extensiones a aspectos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Graciela Beatriz Vidal

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Tanto el Desarrollo basado en Componentes como el Desarrollo de Software orientado a Aspectos son enfoque propuestos para abordar diversos problemas que surgen en el proceso de desarrollo de aplicaciones. Ambos enfoques tienen como objetivo el reuso de software, ante esta situación surge la necesidad de que componentes y aspectos compartan un espacio común en el cual puedan ser publicados, recuperados y reutilizados. Los repositorios actuales parecen no proveer aspectos de manera explícita, en ocasiones los aspectos son utilizados para especificar el componente, pero no son reusables. La tarea de publicar y recuperar componentes es muy compleja, existen diversos métodos de publicación y recuperación a tal fin. En este trabajo se exploraron diferentes repositorios analizando criterios al igual que se exponen los métodos de publicación y recuperación con el fin de determinar si es posible la adaptación o extensión de los repositorios a aspectos.

Fundamentals of legal argumentation : A survey of theories on the justification of legal decisions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Feteris, E.T.

2017-01-01

This book is an updated and revised edition of Fundamentals of Legal Argumentation published in 1999. It discusses new developments that have taken place in the past 15 years in research of legal argumentation, legal justification and legal interpretation, as well as the implications of these new

Geosites, geomorphosites and geoparks: importance, actual situation and perspectives in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Luis Palacio Prieto

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Geosites, Geomorphosites and Geoparks are strategies for conservation, education and sustainable development. During the past two decades, and particularly in this century, international networks on these issues have increased significantly, which has led to its recognition by international bodies that regulate their operation. While in many countries worldwide these strategies have proven effective, in Mexico its development is still in its infancy, despite the existence of some groups and individuals who have made work about it and that country conditions appear favorable for their development. Among the reasons for the lack of studies on these issues are: the lack of a legal framework that recognizes and values explicitly the importance of geology and geomorphology focused on conservation, education and sustainable development and the apparent bias towards biotic environmental legislation embodied in our country. The contribution of these strategies to local development takes place mainly from activities like Geotourism, whose positive impact in several reported cases is outstanding. We conclude that these strategies are potentially applicable in Mexico and compatible with other figures aimed at environmental conservation.

O exercício físico e os aspectos psicobiológicos El ejercicio físico y los aspectos psicobiológicos Physical exercise and the psychobiological aspects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco Túlio de Mello

2005-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desta revisão é trazer parte dos estudos sobre um assunto pouco explorado: a relação entre o exercício físico e os aspectos psicobiológicos. A importância da compreensão desses aspectos e como eles afetam a qualidade de vida do ser humano é o que estimula as pesquisas sobre esse assunto. A literatura destaca que a prática regular de exercício físico traz resultados positivos não somente ao sono e aos seus possíveis distúrbios, mas também aos aspectos psicológicos e aos transtornos de humor, como a ansiedade e a depressão, e aos aspectos cognitivos, como a memória e a aprendizagem. Contudo, há indivíduos que se envolvem na prática de exercícios físicos com tal intensidade e/ou freqüência ou, ainda, fazem uso de drogas ilícitas que podem trazer prejuízos à saúde, como, por exemplo, o dependente de exercício físico e o usuário de esteróides anabolizantes. O exercício físico provoca alterações fisiológicas, bioquímicas e psicológicas, portanto, pode ser considerado uma intervenção não-medicamentosa para o tratamento de distúrbios relacionados aos aspectos psicobiológicos.El objetivo de esta revisión es trazer parte de los estudios sobre un asunto poco explorado: la relación ejercicio físico y los aspectos psicobiológicos. La importancia de la comprensión de estos aspectos y como ellos afectan la calidad de vida del ser humano és lo que estimula las pesquisas sobre este asunto. La literatura destaca que la práctica regular del ejercicio físico trae resultados positivos no solamente al sueño y a los posibles distúrbios, más también a los aspectos psicológicos y los trastornos del humor, como la ansiedad y la depresión, y los aspectos cognitivos, como la memoria y el aprendizaje. Con todo hay individuos que se envuelven en la práctica de ejercícios físicos con tal intensidad y / o frecuencia o, donde, hacen usos de drogas ilícitas que pueden traer perjuicios a la salud, como

Legal socialization of personality as a phenomenon of legal psychology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Borisova S.E.

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The relevance of the topic to the continuing importance of legal regulation of human behavior, the necessity of foreseeing the adverse consequences of social disorders and urgency of the prevention of deconditioning and deviant behavioral manifestations. In this regard, it is important to examine the phenomenon of legal socialization, causing interest among the representatives of the human Sciences and specialists in different branches of psychological knowledge. Taking into account the multidimensional nature of this phenomenon, it is an essential consideration of the trajectories of its occurrence in correlation with different interacting with other determinants. Such determinants include age psychological characteristics, experience crises of mental development, socially conditioned factors, and the influence of the professional environment. In article are characterized by individual patterns of legal socialization of a personality, revealing its essence, on the basis of summarizing opinions of scientists based on their own point of view. On the basis of the theoretical analysis made assumptions about the peculiarities of legal socialization of the individual occurring in different age periods of life; formulated likely areas for further study the phenomenon under research legal psychology.

Dementia and Legal Competency

OpenAIRE

Filaković, Pavo; Petek Erić, Anamarija; Mihanović, Mate; Glavina, Trpimir; Molnar, Sven

2011-01-01

The legal competency or capability to exercise rights is level of judgment and decision-making ability needed to manage one's own affairs and to sign official documents. With some exceptions, the person entitles this right in age of majority. It is acquired without legal procedures, however the annulment of legal capacity requires a juristic process. This resolution may not be final and could be revoked thorough the procedure of reverting legal capacity – fully or partially. Given ...

Methodology in Legal Research

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tom R. Tyler

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Recent legal scholarship demonstrates increased attention to empirical research in the design and evaluation of law and the policies and practices of legal authorities. The growth of evidence informed law is an exciting development and one that promises to improve the legal system. In this paper I argue for the particular value of drawing not just upon empirical research methods when evaluating existing policies and practices but upon social science theories. Theory based research provides a basis for imagining and testing different models about how the legal system might operate. I support this argument by presenting research on social science frameworks for legal authority which are alternatives to the currently prevalent instrumental model.

Laws of Language and Legal Language: A Study of Legal Language in Some Indonesian Regulations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shidarta Shidarta

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Legal language must follow the laws of language (grammar that widely known and commonly used by the public, including groups of the scientist. Legal language on the other hand also recognizes specific terminologies. These terminologies were introduced by jurists or by legislative power holders. Accordingly, legal language became the product of legal doctrines or political decisions. The problems arose when a number of compositions and legal terms turned out to be elusive, convoluted, and ambiguous due to the pattern of writing that was once done and because of certain considerations. This article proposed reviewing the factors that result in problems. The author presented a solution to observe using hermeneutic methods of law and legal reasoning. The author argued that the text of the law was not neutral since it was trapped not only by the laws of language but also by the perspective of the interpreters as they believed such a perspective was based on the guidance of legal science. By using legal hermeneutics can be checked the depth of the meaning of the law; while over the legal reasoning can be seen its rationale according to legal science.

Development of the Regulatory Framework in Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carreño Padilla, A. L.; Paz García Beltran, A.B.; Godínez Sánchez, V.

2015-01-01

The present study describes and introduces in a simplified way the process for issuing a Mexican Official Standard of Nuclear series, setting out the departments and agencies involved in this process, and also describing the main challenges identified for preparation, issuance and review of them. Furthermore, topics that are currently in the process of standardisation in Mexico in radiation and nuclear safety are mentioned. The National Commission for Nuclear Safety and Safeguards is the regulatory body empowered and commissioned in Mexico to issue and amends the Official Mexican Standards in nuclear and radiation safety, whose duties and responsibilities are set out in the Regulatory Law on Nuclear Matters of Article 27. The Mexican Standards are of social kind because they are focused to prevent risks that could affect human been health, animal or plants damages, and are also associated to safety in the workplaces, to avoid damages which may be irreparable to the environment and population. Normalization is the process by which all the activities concerning public health, environment protection, labor protection, among others, are ruled on in both, private and public sectors. Through this process, the rules, features or products specifications are set for a product or a regulated service. The objective of a standard is to get an optimum degree of order in a given activity. The objective of creating a regulation is to develop legal certainty, to avoid imminent harm or to reduce existing damages on health, the environment and the Economy. Currently, the regulation for nuclear and radiological safety, physical security, as well as for safeguards in Mexico, is under constant development, looking for to cover the safety needs of employees, licencees, environment and society in a whole; many of these needs are supported by the international recommendations of the IAEA. (author)

Criptococose pulmonar: aspectos na tomografia computadorizada

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silva Ana Carina Gamboa da

2003-01-01

Full Text Available A criptococose pulmonar é uma doença causada pelo Criptococcus neoformans, um fungo unimórfico que possui distribuição mundial, existindo na mesma forma tanto no seu habitat natural quanto em animais e humanos. A doença possui apresentações clínica e patológica variáveis e pode manifestar-se tanto em pacientes com a imunidade normal como em imunocomprometidos, que representam a maioria dos casos. Neste trabalho são analisados os aspectos encontrados nas tomografias computadorizadas do tórax de 14 pacientes com criptococose pulmonar confirmada. Os achados mais freqüentes na tomografia do tórax foram as massas e os nódulos pulmonares. Outros aspectos observados foram as áreas de escavação, as consolidações, o espessamento do interstício peribroncovascular e o reticulado difuso. Massa pulmonar foi o achado isolado mais comum (64,2%, seguido dos nódulos isolados ou múltiplos (35,7%. Doença pulmonar difusa foi vista em apenas 14,2% dos casos. Os lobos superiores foram os mais comprometidos, sendo a doença mais comum nas regiões anteriores. A tomografia do tórax permitiu avaliar com precisão o grau de comprometimento do parênquima pulmonar.

A construção médico-legal da violência sexual infantil nos EUA: Teorias, práticas e estratégias de controle

OpenAIRE

Herbert Rodrigues

2017-01-01

O artigo apresenta aspectos do debate sobre a violência sexual infantil nos EUA nas últimas três décadas. A análise centra-se na construção médico-legal da questão da pedofilia. O objetivo principal consiste em apresentar a consolidação do debate atual por meio de uma análise da literatura médica, do ordenamento jurídico, dos sistemas de avaliação dos delinquentes sexuais e das plataformas digitais que divulgam a identidade dos agressores sexuais infantis. A discussão desse material é importa...

Powering Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1992-01-01

This article examines Mexico's demand for electricity and the market for independent power generation. The topics discussed in the article include the outlook for the 1990s for growth in Mexico's economy and energy demand, renewable energy, energy conservation, small-scale, off-grid renewable energy systems, and estimates of Mexico's market for electric power generating equipment

On Plagiarism and Power Relations in Legal Academia and Legal Education

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tilen Štajnpihler

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The article challenges the misconception that legal academia is a harmonious community without internal discrepancies, characterised by common interests, a coherent set of values and standards of behaviour that are unilaterally transposed into the legal profession through the process of legal education. The paper focuses on a case study of a public dispute between two law professors initiated by an article published in one of the main national law magazines wherein one accused the other of plagiarism. Even though the dispute did not come to an unequivocal conclusion, it deserves a closer examination as it clearly exposed two important issues. Firstly, it revealed certain unresolved issues concerning legal writing and legal ethics that are essential elements of the legal profession, as they have a profound impact on legal education and legal practice, and, secondly, it showed that these divergences are at least to some extent related to the latent network of power relations and struggles that dominate the legal (academic field. Este artículo cuestiona la creencia de que el mundo jurídico-académico es una comunidad armoniosa sin discrepancias internas, caracterizada por intereses comunes, valores coherentes y parámetros de comportamiento que se transponen de forma unilateral al ejercicio de la profesión jurídica a través de la educación en Derecho. El artículo se centra en el estudio de una disputa entre dos profesores de Derecho, en la cual uno acusaba al otro de plagio. A pesar de que la disputa no se resolvió de forma clara, merece un análisis más cuidadoso, ya que puso de manifiesto dos temas importantes: en primer lugar, algunos conflictos sin resolver sobre la escritura y la ética del derecho que son elementos esenciales de la profesión jurídica, pues tienen un profundo impacto sobre la educación y la práctica del Derecho; y, en segundo lugar, que estos desacuerdos están relacionados con las redes latentes de poder que

Contenedores: Aspectos tecnicos, biologicos y economicos

Science.gov (United States)

Tara Luna; Thomas D. Landis; R. Kasten Dumroese

2012-01-01

La elección del contenedor es una de las consideraciones más importantes al establecer un nuevo vivero o empezar a producir una especie nueva. El tipo y tamaño de contenedor no sólo determina la cantidad de agua y nutrientes minerales que están disponibles para el crecimiento de una planta, sino que también afecta otros aspectos operativos del vivero, como el tamaño de...

High dead-space syringe use among people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Rafful, Claudia; Zule, William; González-Zúñiga, Patricia E; Werb, Dan; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos; Strathdee, Steffanie A

2015-05-01

High dead-space syringes (HDSS) are believed to confer an elevated risk of acquiring HIV and other blood-borne infections. We identified prevalence and correlates of HDSS use among injection drug users (IDU) in Tijuana, Mexico, where syringe purchase and possession is legal without a prescription. Beginning in 2011, IDU who reported being 18 years or older and injected drugs within the last month were recruited into a prospective study. At baseline and semi-annually, 557 IDU underwent HIV-testing and interviewer-administered surveys. Logistic regression was used to identify correlates of using HDSS. Of 557 IDU, 40% had ever used HDSS, mostly because no other syringe type was available (72%), or because they were easier to get (20%). Controlling for sex and age at first injection, use of HDSS was associated with cocaine as the first drug injected (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 2.68; Confidence Interval 95% [CI]: 1.15-6.22), having been stopped or arrested by police (AOR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.11-3.07), being deported from the US (AOR: 1.64; 95% CI:1.06-2.53), and believing it is illegal to carry syringes (AOR:1.78; 95% CI: 1.01-3.15). Use of HDSS is surprisingly common among IDU in Tijuana. Efforts are needed to expand coverage of low-dead space syringes through existing syringe exchange programs. Education is required to increase awareness of the harms associated with HDSS, and to inform IDU that syringe possession is legal across Mexico.

Meningites bacterianas no lactente aspectos neurológicos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Valeriana L. de Moura-Ribeiro

1990-06-01

Full Text Available Aspectos clínicos, neurológicos e laboratoriais das meningites bacterianas agudas no lactente são criticamente analisados em função da experiência da autora. São apresentadas considerações fisiopatológicas sobre os eventos que ocorrem na fase aguda desses processos.

ASPECTOS NORTEADORES NA ORIENTAÇÃO DE MONOGRAFIA A DISTÂNCIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

monica seixas mello

2012-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar os aspectos norteadores na orientação de monografia na modalidade a distância a partir de relato de experiência em curso de pó-graduação Lato Sensu em Gestão Pública., constatando-se que na orientação a distância em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem as interações entre professor e aluno observam os seguintes aspectos: pedagógico, gerencial, social e técnico Palavras-chaves: educação, distância, orientação, monografia, pos-graduação.

Vote Buying with Illegal Resources: Manifestation of a Weak Rule of Law in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gilles Serra

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Mexico’s consolidation strategy seems to be reaching a limit. The country’s transition from authoritarianism was largely based on a series of electoral reforms that leveled the playing field in elections. While this strategy was initially successful, it has failed to address several problems, especially in the electoral arena. This essay analyzes the prevalence of two such problems, vote buying and illegal campaign finance, which are closely connected. I draw evidence from available accounts of the 2012 presidential election and subsequent contests in problematic states such as Tabasco. The outcomes of the midterm elections of June 2015 are also used to assess whether previous electoral reforms have provided effective solutions to the problems analyzed here. I suggest that no legal reform will be effective while these laws are only being weakly enforced. A more comprehensive package of measures strengthening the rule of law would help Mexico transition from electoral democracy to liberal democracy.

Estatuto da Cidade: aspectos epistemológicos, sociopolíticos e jurídicos Statute of the City: epistemological, social political and legal aspects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sérgio Luís Boeira

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo contribui com o debate sobre o Estatuto da Cidade (EC, vinculando-o a diferentes abordagens e clivagens subjacentes à crise da modernidade. Aspectos epistemológicos e teóricos são relevantes, mas têm sido negligenciados no debate. Neste artigo tais aspectos são abordados introdutoriamente. Faz-se também uma breve comparação de três enfoques especializados em direito urbanístico sobre artigos do EC, evidenciando-se a ausência de consenso e a necessidade de uma reflexão mais abrangente. Conclui-se que o que está em disputa no debate do EC são os recursos para a compreensão dos desafios de sua implementação, que envolvem especialmente três fatores: a abordagem comparativa entre os enfoques de especialistas do direito urbanístico; abordagem inter e transdisciplinar, com a contribuição do paradigma da complexidade; e a abordagem democrático-participativa, com políticas públicas orientadas pelas teorias e experiências relativas à terceira via e à formação de capital social.This article brings a contribution to the debate on the Statute of the City (SC, linking it to different approaches and underlying cleavages of the crisis of modernity. The article introduces relevant epistemological and theoretical aspects that have been neglected in this debate and briefly compares three specialized urban law approaches to articles of the SC, showing absence of consensus and the need for a comprehensive reflexion. To conclude, what is in dispute in the EC debate are the resources for the understanding of the challenges of its implementation, which involves especially three factors: the comparative approach to the views of urban law specialists; an inter and trans-disciplinary approach, with the contribution of the complexity paradigm; a democratic-participative perspective, with public policies oriented by the theories and experiences of the third way and the formation of social capital.

Trajectories of emigrant quasi-citizenship: a comparative study of Mexico and Turkey.

Science.gov (United States)

Yasar, Rusen

2017-01-01

In two of the busiest migration corridors of the twentieth century, namely Mexico-US and Turkey-Germany, migrants can today be dual citizens. However, the acceptance of dual citizenship did not occur automatically; instead, it followed a period of legal statuses short of full citizenship. This paper conceptualises such statuses as quasi-citizenship, a transitional equilibrium between the absence of plural citizenship and the existence of transnational migration. Focusing on sending states, the emergence of emigrant quasi-citizenship is thus explained, first, in terms of whether the reciprocal regimes of emigration and immigration states diverge on the acceptance of plural citizenship. Second, the stance towards plural citizenship is explained in terms of the experience with emigration. It is then shown that, in the case of Mexico, the legacy of undesired emigration weakened the incentives to adapt the territorial conception of citizenship to expatriates, hence creating quasi-citizens, and in the case of Turkey, the higher political relevance of expatriates, who could have the host country citizenship, reinforced the external dimension of the ethno-cultural conception of citizenship.

Jackpile-Paguate Uranium Mine Reclamation Project, Laguna Indian Reservation, Cibola County, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1986-10-01

The final version of environmental impact statement, EPA No. 860443F, relates to a proposed reclamation plan for the Jackpile-Paguate uranium mine in New Mexico. The statement describes backfilling of disturbed areas, the reduction of waste dump slopes, steam stabilization, and revegetation plans. Positive impacts include the restoration of the site to productive land use, the reduction of hazards, and aesthetic improvements. Negative impacts include a one-time loss of water and assignment of labor. The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 provides a legal mandate for the statement. The summary includes a reference to the draft statement

FUZZY LOGIC IN LEGAL EDUCATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Z. Gonul BALKIR

2011-04-01

Full Text Available The necessity of examination of every case within its peculiar conditions in social sciences requires different approaches complying with the spirit and nature of social sciences. Multiple realities require different and various perceptual interpretations. In modern world and social sciences, interpretation of perception of valued and multi-valued have been started to be understood by the principles of fuzziness and fuzzy logic. Having the verbally expressible degrees of truthness such as true, very true, rather true, etc. fuzzy logic provides the opportunity for the interpretation of especially complex and rather vague set of information by flexibility or equivalence of the variables’ of fuzzy limitations. The methods and principles of fuzzy logic can be benefited in examination of the methodological problems of law, especially in the applications of filling the legal loopholes arising from the ambiguities and interpretation problems in order to understand the legal rules in a more comprehensible and applicable way and the efficiency of legal implications. On the other hand, fuzzy logic can be used as a technical legal method in legal education and especially in legal case studies and legal practice applications in order to provide the perception of law as a value and the more comprehensive and more quality perception and interpretation of value of justice, which is the core value of law. In the perception of what happened as it has happened in legal relationships and formations, the understanding of social reality and sociological legal rules with multi valued sense perspective and the their applications in accordance with the fuzzy logic’s methods could create more equivalent and just results. It can be useful for the young lawyers and law students as a facilitating legal method especially in the materialization of the perception and interpretation of multi valued and variables. Using methods and principles of fuzzy logic in legal

Aspectos sociotécnicos das TI & Relacionamento Humano & Sinergia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergio Vieira Holtz Filho

2008-06-01

Full Text Available As Tecnologias de Informação (TI estão entre os principais agentes de mudança sociais. Para gerir tais mudanças, uma miríade de áreas do conhecimento humano têm muito a contribuir para a abordagem dos aspectos sociotécnicos das TI e promover sinergia. Como uma organização empresarial atua no sentido de provocar mudanças no comportamento das pessoas, visando a melhoria contínua, esse processo de mudança provocada chama-se aprendizagem. Isto posto, neste artigo apresentaremos resultados observados em empresas em processo de reengenharia e submetidas a utilização de metodologias integradas (PDCA, Método Paulo Freire e Roteiro Integração de Equipes, abordando os aspectos sociotécnicos das TI & relacionamentos humanos pela praxe da pedagogia como elemento de sinergia.

THEORETICAL AND LEGAL PERSPECTIVE ON CERTAIN TYPES OF LEGAL LIABILITY IN CRYPTOCURRENCY RELATIONS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oleksii Drozd

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of this article is to study the theoretical, methodological, and legal possibilities of application of certain types of legal responsibility to the relations, which are connected with cryptocurrency (bitcoin. Some types of liability in the field of cryptocurrency relations make the subject of the study. Methodology. The research is based on a comparison of legal regulation of the sphere of cryptocurrency in Ukraine and in foreign countries. Advantages and disadvantages of different modes of cryptocurrency turnover are determined: from direct prohibition to granting the status of the official payment system. It is made on the basis of the analysis of peculiarities of the circulation of virtual money in Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, Indonesia, China, the Russian Federation, Bolivia, Ecuador, Thailand, Vietnam, the USA, Japan, Spain, and some other countries. On the basis of the comparative legal study of certain provisions of the civil, administrative, tort, and criminal legislation of Ukraine, the possibilities and limits of the application of certain types of legal responsibility to violations in the field of cryptocurrency are determined. The results of the comparative legal study have shown that, unlike most foreign countries, in Ukraine, there is no legislative consolidation of the legal status of the virtual currency. In this regard, today in the national legislation, there are no direct rules that would predict the occurrence of administrative, criminal or civil liability for the offenses in the field of cryptocurrency relations. Practical impact. Since guarantees of compulsory restoration or protection of violated law play an important role in the legal regulation of any social relations, the proper legislative regulation of public relations in the sphere of crypto currency circulation is an urgent problem today, including with the help of establishing liability for the offenses in this field

Representações Sociais das implicações legais da infecção hospitalar e de seu controle Representaciones Sociales de las implicaciones legales de la infección hospitalária y sú control Social Representations of the legal implications of nosocomial infection and its control

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristina Maria Miranda de Sousa

2007-08-01

Full Text Available O estudo objetivou apreender as Representações Sociais das implicações legais da infecção hospitalar (IH e analisar como essas representações se articulam com a qualidade do trabalho desenvolvido pelos profissionais da saúde e de direito. Os dados foram produzidos através de entrevistas e processados pelo software Alceste 4.8. A análise hierárquica descendente mostrou 04 classes de palavras, que objetivaram as implicações legais da IH, ancoradas nos aspectos ideológicos, históricos e sócio-culturais, no direito que o usuário da saúde tem de não correr riscos, resultantes de ocorrências causadas por negligência dos envolvidos no processo, devendo ser fiscalizadas pelos órgãos competentes para que os responsáveis respondam civilmente e penalmente, pelo descaso ou descuido na assistência hospitalar.El estudio objectivó aprehender las representaciones sociales de las implicaciones legales de la infección hospitalaria (IH y analizar como esas representaciones se articulan con la cualidad de trabajo desarrollado por los profesionales de la salud y de derecho. Los datos fueron producidos a través de encuestas y procesados por el software Alceste 4.8. El analisis jierarquico decendiente enseñó 04 clases de palabras que objectivaron las impliciones legales de IH , atracado en los aspectos ideológicos, históricos y socio-culturales, en el derecho que el usuario de la salud tiene de no correr riesgos, resultantes de ocurrencias causadas por negligencia de los involuncrados en el proceso, debendo ser fiscalizado por los órganos competentes para que los responsables contesten civilmente y penalmente, por el descaso y descuido en asistencia hospitalaria.The study aimed at learning the social representations of the legal implications of hospital infections (HI and analyze how these representations are articulated with the quality of work developed by the health and law professionals.The data were produced through interviews

Legal Aspects of Radioactive Waste Management: Relevant International Legal Instruments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wetherall, Anthony; Robin, Isabelle

2014-01-01

The responsible use of nuclear technology requires the safe and environmentally sound management of radioactive waste, for which countries need to have stringent technical, administrative and legal measures in place. The legal aspects of radioactive waste management can be found in a wide variety of legally binding and non-binding international instruments. This overview focuses on the most relevant ones, in particular those on nuclear safety, security, safeguards and civil liability for nuclear damage. It also identifies relevant regional instruments concerning environmental matters, in particular, with regard to strategic environmental assessments (SEAs), environmental impact assessments (EIAs), public access to information and participation in decision-making, as well as access to justice

La gestión por procesos, su surgimiento y aspectos teóricos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daysi Ruiz - Fuentes

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Abordó aspectos históricos y teóricos relacionados con la gestión por procesos, se precisa las potencialidades de su aplicación para el perfeccionamiento de la dirección de las empresas. Presentó un análisis de diferentes definiciones de este término a partir del c ual se determinan las regularidades que lo caracterizan. Se puntualizan algunos aspectos teóricos vinculados con esta forma de gestión empresarial.

La gestión por procesos, su surgimiento y aspectos teóricos

OpenAIRE

Daysi Ruiz-Fuentes; Rosa Mercedes Almaguer-Torres; Isabel Cristina Torres-Torres; Alejandro Miguel Hernández-Peña

2014-01-01

Abordó aspectos históricos y teóricos relacionados con la gestión por procesos, se precisa las potencialidades de su aplicación para el perfeccionamiento de la dirección de las empresas. Presentó un análisis de diferentes definiciones de este término a partir del c ual se determinan las regularidades que lo caracterizan. Se puntualizan algunos aspectos teóricos vinculados con esta forma de gestión empresarial.

Legality Principle of Crimes and Punishments in Iranian Legal System

Science.gov (United States)

Habibzadeh, Mohammad Ja'far

2006-01-01

The Principle of legality of crimes and punishments (nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege) refers to the fact that an act is not considered a crime and deserves no punishment, unless the Legislator determines and announces the criminal title and its penalty before. The legality principle protects individual security by ensuring basic individual…

Prerequisites for Correctness in Legal Argumentation

OpenAIRE

Mackuvienė, Eglė

2011-01-01

A phenomenon called legal argumentation is analyzed in the dissertation. The aim of the thesis is to identify the prerequisites that allow to consider the legal argumentation to be correct, also to evaluate those prerequisites logically. Legal argumentation is analyzed as a phenomenon per se, without relating it to any particular arguing subject. Other dimensions of the process of making a legal decision, such as legal reasoning, legal discourse, interpretation of law and others are discu...

Legal technique: approaches to section on types

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

І. Д. Шутак

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Legal technique is a branch of knowledge about the rules of doing legal work and creating in the process a variety of legal documents, which had previously been part of the theory of law. In modern conditions of the legal technique are isolated in a separate branch of legal science, focused on solving practical problems. The purpose of this article is to analyze the types of legal techniques, in particular, on the basis of theoretical propositions about legal technique to allocate substantial characteristics and types of legal technique. O. Malko and M. Matuzov consider legal technique as a set of rules, techniques, methods of preparation, creation, registration of legal documents, their classification and accounting for their excellence, efficient use. A similar meaning is investing in this concept Alekseev, determining that the legal technique is a set of tools and techniques used in accordance with accepted rules in the formulation and systematization of legal acts to ensure their perfection. So, legal technique – theoretical and applied legal science, which studies the regularities of rational legal practice in the creation, interpretation and implementation of law. In relation to the type of legal techniques in the literature proposed different classifications. For example, G. Muromtsev technique, which is used only in the field of law, divide on the technique of law-making (legislative technique, technique of law enforcement, interpretation, technique of judicial speech, interrogation, notarial activities. V. Kartashov shared legal technique on law making and enforcement (prorealtime, interpretive yourself and prevacidrebatezw, judicial or investigative, prosecutorial, and the like. Some authors clearly indicate that the criterion by which to distinguish types of legal techniques. So, S. Alekseev notes that legal technique is classified from the point of view of the legal nature of the act made on: a techniques of legal acts; b the

[The control of urban growth in Mexico City. Suppositions regarding poor planning].

Science.gov (United States)

Aguilar, A G; Olvera, G

1991-01-01

Plan of the state of Mexico published in 1986 proposed 2 important programs for controlling urban growth. The territorial reserves program aimed to anticipate the need and make available through purchase, expropriation, or other means sufficient lands for housing to which the lowest income groups would share access. The "Paint Your Line" program establiished physical limits for urban expansion in each of the 17 conurban municipios in the State of Mexico. To date, however, few lands have been set aside for legal acquisition and the Paint Your Line program has been slow in delimiting the areas to be settled. Data from a 1989 study in the municipios of Chalco and Ixtapaluca demonstrate the shortcomings of the programs, which do not address the true processes and agents that control new settlements and especially illegal occupations and which fail to satisfy the needs of low-income population sectors.

Aspectos nutricionales de la anorexia nerviosa

OpenAIRE

Delgado Santirso, Pablo

2017-01-01

El estudio que se presentará en las siguientes líneas pretende la actualización de los datos sobre los aspectos nutricionales de uno de los principales Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA), la Anorexia Nerviosa (AN), así como aportar información acerca de sus características generales, etiopatogenia, evaluación y diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se centrará fundamentalmente en las medidas higiénico-dietéticas necesarias del tratamiento nutricional y en el establecimiento de la función del di...

Estilo de vida materno e aspectos nutricionais do pré-escolar

OpenAIRE

Érica Bezerra Nobre

2016-01-01

INTRODUÇÃO: Muitos dos comportamentos de saúde envolvidos no aparecimento das doenças crônicas não comunicáveis são originados na infância sob influência dos pais. A mãe é a pessoa mais envolvida na educação e nos cuidados de saúde da criança. O estilo de vida (EdV) é um determinante social da saúde. Nunca se compreendeu características de EdV materno associadas com aspectos da nutrição infantil. OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação dos EdV materno comportamental e não comportamental com aspectos...

Legality in multiple legal orders

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Besselink, L.F.M.; Pennings, F.J.L.; Prechal, A.

2010-01-01

This is the Introductory chapter to The Eclipse of the Legality Principle in the European Union, Edited by Leonard Besselink, Frans Pennings, Sacha Prechal [European Monographs, vol. 75], Kluwer Law International, Alphen aan den Rijn, 2011 [2010], xxv + 303 pp.

Aspectos prosódicos da fala de sujeitos parkinsonianos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lourenço Chacon

2001-02-01

Full Text Available

Problemas de prosódia na fala de parkinsonianos têm sido apontados nos estudos sobre parkinsonismo. Contudo, nesses estudos a prosódia é freqüentemente desvinculada dos fatores comunicativos da fala. O propósito deste artigo foi investigar fatores comunicativos relacionados a aspectos prosódicos da fala de sujeitos com doença de Parkinson. As amostras 'de fala foram extraídas de conversas espontâneas de dois sujeitos parkinsonianos, do sexo masculino. A análise mostrou que os elementos prosódicos ocorreram em diversas combinações, possibilitando a identificação de: a atos de fala; b alguns aspectos da organização conversacional; e c diferentes vozes no discurso. Foram destacadas algumas implicações desses resultados para uma melhor compreensão da atividade verbal em condições patológicas, bem como para avaliação, diagnóstico e terapia de parkinsonianos.

The Development of Legal Policy and Legal Needs of Indonesian Immigration Law: Answered Partially, Forget the Rest

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bilal Dewansyah

2015-08-01

Full Text Available The replacement of the immigration law, from Law No. 9 of 1992 to Law No. 6 of 2011 reflected the development of immigration legal policy. As a branch of administrative law that has dynamic character, the reform immigration laws should address the immigration legal needs in practice. This paper discusses the development of Indonesian immigration legal policy and to what extent these developments address the immigration legal needs. Based on the author analyses, it can be concluded, firstly, the development of immigration legal policy, in legal direction context, emphasized to face the impact of globalization both positive and negative effects, and other developments in the future. In legal substances aspect, the current immigration legal policy change various principles immigration laws, such as the principle of selective policies are balanced with the principle of respect for human rights, although in certain settings are not in line with human rights (as in the case of the period of temporary prohibition to leave Indonesia, that can be extended continuously. In legal form and scope context, Indonesian immigration legal policy today, is more concerned with the rules of immigration law in detail than ever before. Secondly, the development of immigration legal policy answered the immigration legal needs particularly, such as in the case of human smuggling, but forget the rest of the immigration legal needs, in terms of the handling of illegal immigrants, asylum seekers and refugees.

Constitutional Legal Regulation And The Reasons For The Legal Nihilism Existence In Modern Russian Society

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dmitriy E. Nekrasov

2014-09-01

Full Text Available In the present article questions of constitutional and legal regulation and reason for the legal nihilism existence, methods and forms of fight against legal nihilism are considered. Reasons of low legal culture in modern Russian society and ways of the population's legal literacy increase in general are allocated. These problems are extremely topical today as at the 1990th when there was a reorientation of values, ideals and the principles and legislative base was significantly changed, people were simply lost, and it was extremely difficult for them to realize and accept new, absolutely other reality. Today peculiar spiritual and valuable "reconstruct" did not pass completely and the state is obliged to help citizens to carry out it most without serious consequences and successfully. In the conclusion authors draw a conclusion that: first, the problem of legal nihilism more than ever now is particularly acute for modern Russian society. The policy of the state has to be directed by the consciousness of citizens, who understand that law is the integral and obligatory part of the order in the country and that it is one of the basic for any person. Secondly, one of the ways to overcome the legal nihilism consists in the increase of the legal culture level along with the development of effective legal policy. Thirdly, legal idealism, reevaluation of opportunities in law gains especially wide circulation in the years of changes in response to social expectations an insufficiently skilled legislator forms a belief that it is enough to adopt good laws, and all problems would be solved.

The Civil Law Tradition and Constitutionalism in Twentieth Centruy Mexico. The Legacy of Emilio Rabasa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Charles A. Hale

1998-07-01

Full Text Available This article argues that it is neccessary to look to Mexico's "civil-law tradition", derived from Rome and continental Europe, in order to understand the problem of constitutionalism and judicial review in the country's public law. Two keys elements of that tradition are a depreciation of judges and a resistance to judge-made law, and the theoretical corollary that law emanates from the Legislator. The political and judicial thought of Emilio Rabasa provides an intriguing insight into these issues. Rabasa advocated a powerful supreme court on the North American pattern and yet resisted the "legislación de los jueces" that he oberved in practice while in exile in the United States from 1913 to 1920. The article argues further that despite Rabasa's ambivalence toward the Northe American legal model, the ssence of his juridical thought was critically  historical and comparative, a characteristic which declined in post-revolutionary Mexico, resulting in a divergence between law and history.

[Historic, cultural, legal, psychosocial and educational aspects of induced abortion].

Science.gov (United States)

Aguirre Zozaya, F; Iglesias, M; Reyes, R M; Iturralde, G; Martínez, M; Pineda Hernández, C

1980-08-01

The history of abortion is a very long one. Every people and nation used different and widely varied methods during the centuries to get rid of unwanted pregnancies. Unfortunately, in most instances, the great majority of these methods was equivalent to zero effectiveness, or, too often, to suicide. Legal aspects of induced abortion have changed considerably with the passing of time and according to countries; these days 36% of the world countries admit abortion on request, 24% for specific reasons only, 16% for medical reasons only, and 8% still consider it an illegal practice. In Mexico abortion is legal only when pregnancy would imply death of the mother, when it is the result of rape of minors, or when it is done on women with very serious mental pathology. Obviously abortion is not the solution to unwanted pregnancies; an improvement in the socioeconomic condition and in the quality of life of many people would be a much better, and more difficult, approach to the solution. Psychosocial factors of abortion involve concepts which are difficult to define, such as those of the wanted or of the unwanted child, and can cause problems which are very difficult to handle. Health education, and sex education in particular, should not only teach the fundamentals of reproduction, but respect and consideration for the phenomenon of procreation, and a strong sense of personal and social responsibility toward family planning.

Analysis of cooperative society and taxation in the Mixteca region, Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Analaura Medina Conde

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Due to the richness of the cooperative that lies mainly in its principles constitutes an important alternative for local development, the overall research objective was an analysis of the situation of the Cooperative Society in the Mixteca region of Oaxaca, which is one of the poorest and most marginalized regions of Mexico and its taxation, is a mixed qualitative and quantitative research transectional exploratory approach, the method of legal doctrine and the analytical method for statistical review provided by the National Statistics Directory of Economic Units, National Institute of Statistics and Geography and the database is used of the Labor Secretary Oaxaca.Received: 08.05.2015 Accepted: 17.07.2015

Aspectos ergonômicos e estatísticos no projeto de um carro do metrô

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Costa Neto Pedro Luiz de Oliveira

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo descreve experimentos realizados como parte de um trabalho envolvendo aspectos do projeto de um carro para uma nova linha do Metrô de São Paulo. Nele são considerados aspectos ergonômicos relacionados com a posição de barras de segurança e assentos, bem como aspectos estatísticos relacionados com o fluxo de passageiros entrando e saindo do carro na estação. Nesse estudo, é de particular interesse o uso da técnica do quadrado latino na análise de regressão múltipla, como forma de reduzir o porte do experimento.

Two conceptions of legal principles

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Spaić Bojan

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The paper discusses the classical understanding of legal principles as the most general norms of a legal order, confronting it with Dworkin's and Alexy's understanding of legal principles as prima facie, unconditional commands. The analysis shows that the common, classical conception brings into question the status of legal principles as norms, by disreguarding their usefulness in judicial reasoning, while, conversely, the latterhas significant import forlegal practice and consequently for legal dogmatics. It is argued that the heuristic fruitfulness of understanding principles as optimization commands thusbecomesapparent. When we understand the relation of priciples to the idea of proportionality, as thespecific mode of their application, which is different from the supsumtive mode of applying rules, the theory of legal principles advanced by Dworkin and Alexy appears therefore to be descriptively better than others, but not without its flaws.

[Child abuse: its knowledge, attention and diffusion in three pediatric hospitals in Mexico].

Science.gov (United States)

Loredo-Abdalá, Arturo; Villanueva-Clift, Héctor; Aguilar-Ceniceros, Angélica María; Casas-Muñoz, Abigail

Child abuse (CA) was observed in Mexico since the early 60's through isolated publications from clinical cases and where manifestations of physical injury or sexual abuse predominated. Since the 90's, the Clinic for Integral Care of the Abused Child was established at the National Institute of Pediatrics (CAINM-INP, for its Spanish acronym), which actions were addressed to the care, teaching and research on this topic. This approach was replicated in two hospital centers in the country: the Clinic for Integral Care of the Abused Children at Children's Specialty Care Hospital of Chihuahua and the Pediatric Service of the General Hospital of Mexicali. The main objective of this work was to present to the medical community, paramedics, and other professionals who interact with the pediatric population and society, the efforts that have been made in Mexico to address this legal, medical, and social pathology in a logical manner, and always aimed at protecting victims and their families. Copyright © 2016 Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Publicado por Masson Doyma México S.A. All rights reserved.

Legal nature of affatomia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stanković Miloš

2015-01-01

Full Text Available In Salian and Ripuarian Code affatomia represented a bilateral legal transaction that was aimed at changing of the scoped of heirs determined by the customs, at least insofar being applied in the absence of biological descendants only. However, almost all further similarities in the field cease at this point. The form for using affatomia with Ripuarian Franks was much simpler than the one with the Salian Franks. Unlike the Salian Franks, affatomia could by all odds be used by Ripuarian Franks spouses in determining each other for a heir. Legal nature of the Salian Franks affatomia is most similar to the mancipatio familiae type of will in the Roman law (which does not mean it emerged from this law, while its form in the Ripuarian Code is much closer to testamentary adoption. As with Ripuarian Franks, affatomia seems to have definitely produced legal effects only after the death of the disposant, while its legal effects with the Salian Code performed inter vivos. Contemporary authors are trying to designate the legal nature of legal affairs from the early development of human and legal civilization through modern institutes that represent the completion of their evolutionary path. Taking the inheritance contract of the German or Swiss law, or the future assets donation of the French law, for example, and then comparing them to affatomia and thinx is an anachronism. This is evident by the fact that the legal nature of these ancient Germanic institutes can not be viewed unilaterally, but always through a combination of those institutes which we know today as adoption, gift or mixed donation with retention of different modalities for the transferor or the testator (usually usufruct. In this sense, if we are looking for a inheritance agreement in the Middle Ages, the contract in which a person determines other person for his/her universal or singular successor in the modern sense, we will certainly not find one. However, if within this institute we

Legal Institutions and Economic Development

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Beck, T.H.L.

2010-01-01

Legal institutions are critical for the development of market-based economies. This paper defines legal institutions and discusses different indicators to measure their quality and efficiency. It surveys a large historical and empirical literature showing the importance of legal institutions in

Valoración médico legal de la hipoacusia

OpenAIRE

Maikel Vargas Sanabria

2012-01-01

En la presente revisión se repasan los aspectos más básicos del sonido y el proceso de audición, en primer lugar los aspectos físicos del primero y luego los aspectos anatómicos y fisiológicos de dicho proceso, para que el perito tenga a mano los elementos necesarios para efectuar las pruebas clínicas y enviar los exámenes complementarios que considere pertinentes de acuerdo a su criterio para una adecuada valoración de la hipoacusia de origen laboral o secundaria a una tramaThe present artic...

Defining Legal Writing: An Empirical Analysis of the Legal Memorandum. LSAC Research Report Series.

Science.gov (United States)

Breland, Hunter M.; Hart, Frederick M.

This study examined legal writing as it was represented in legal memoranda prepared by first-semester law students at 12 different law schools. The study was based on the cumulative judgments of the instructors and professors of law in those institutions, humanities specialists at the Educational Testing Service, and two legal consultants. A…

Did Legalized Abortion Lower Crime?

Science.gov (United States)

Joyce, Ted

2004-01-01

Changes in homicide and arrest rates were compared among cohorts born before and after legalization of abortion and those who were unexposed to legalized abortion. It was found that legalized abortion improved the lives of many women as they could avoid unwanted births.

Datafication of Automated (Legal) Decisions

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schaumburg-Müller, Sten

Even though I maintain that it is a misconception to state that states are “no longer” the only actors, since they never were, indeed it makes sense to “shed light on the impact of (…) new tendencies on legal regulatory mechanisms (…)” One regulatory tendency is obviously the automation of (legal......) decisions which has implications for legal orders, legal actors and legal research, not to mention legal legitimacy as well as personal autonomy and democracy. On the one hand automation may facilitate better, faster, more predictable and more coherent decisions and leave cumbersome and time consuming...... a substantial part of the components of the decisions are prefabricated. With a risk of misplacing the responsibility, this may be called the “google syndrome”. The hidden algorithms may also constitute the basis for decisions concerning individuals (the passive aspect), the “profiling syndrome”. Based on big...

The legal reasoning skills. Theoretical considerations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lisett D. Páez Cuba

2014-06-01

Full Text Available This research analyzes the legal reasoning as essential skills to the teaching - learning process of law. This approach is based on a theoretical systematization of the Theory of Legal Argumentation (TLA that allows the conception of law as an argumentative act itself. It also determines, as a new element, the inclusion of legal argumentation as the final phase of the law cycle, which has particular impact on the teaching of this science. In this regard, the proposal of three skills of legal reasoning is made: interpreting the law, enforce the rule of law and legally argue the legal decision.

Aspectos Técnicos en la Producción de Caucho Hevea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Uribe Henao Alfonso

1950-09-01

Full Text Available El propósito primordial de este trabajo es el de hacer una exposición de los principales factores o aspectos técnicos que deben tenerse en cuenta en el planeamiento y desarrollo del cultivo de la Hevea, para poder obtener de él en la forma más económica el máximo beneficio. Se ha dacio preferencia a los aspectos técnicos concernientes al Hevea de mayor importancia, sin pretender exponerlos todos. No es pues su objetivo dar a conocer todos aquellos detalles y sistemas aconsejables y necesarios en su explotación que pudieran considerarse como principios elementales, y que más bien vienen a ser prácticas corrientes del cultivo.

Aspectos ultra-estruturais da forma epimastigota do Trypanosoma cruzi em meio LIT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wanderley de Souza

1975-06-01

Full Text Available E feito um estudo da ultra-estrutura da forma epismastigota do Trypanosoma cruzi mantida em meio de cultivo acelular. O núcleo das formas em divisão apresenta um aspecto homogêneo. Microtúbulos intranucleares são observados durante a divisão. No entanto, a membrana nuclear permanece íntegra. O citoplasma apresenta-se com vacúolos de dimensões e aspectos variados. Com o método do ácido periódico-tiosemicarbazida-proteinato de prata, polissacaríáeos e/ou glicoproteínas foram localizados na membrana celular e na membrana que delimita certos vacúolos citoplasmáticos.

Legal capacity of persons with disabilities in Ethiopia: The need to reform existing legal frameworks.

Science.gov (United States)

Marishet, Mohammed Hamza

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) prohibited deprivation legal capacity of persons with disability based on assessment of mental capacity. The assertion is that, persons with disabilities shall exercise their legal capacity in all aspects of life without any restrictions that are based on mental incapacity (such as, unsoundness of mind, deficit in mental capacity, dotage, etc. This approach signifies a shift from substituted decision making, where another person act on behalf of persons with mental disabilities, to supported decision making where the person with mental disability is assisted in decision making. The rationale for the move lies on the recognition that the right to legal capacity embodies the inherent meaning of what it meant to be human. Without legal capacity a person cannot exercise all other rights and entitlements. Accordingly, States parties to CRPD are required to reform domestic legislations that are based on substituted decision making model and recognize full legal capacity of persons with disabilities in line with supported decision making model. As a Sate party to CRPD, Ethiopia assumed the same obligation. Nonetheless, in its initial report to the Committee on CRPD, the country denies existence of legislation that restricts legal capacity on the grounds of mental incapacity. This research found out that there are restrictions imposed on legal capacity of persons with disabilities on the basis of mental incapacity/disability. The research analyzed the approach employed to restrict legal capacity under the existing legal frameworks of Ethiopia vis-à-vis supported decision-making regime under CRPD. The research is doctrinal and, as such, limited to content analysis of general and specific legal capacity laws of the country (such as, marriage, divorce, will, work and employment, political participation, access to justice and others). Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Legal capacity and biomedicine: Biomedical discrimination

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cvetić Radenka

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The article begins with the overview of the legal capacity as a general legal qualification recognized by the legal order guaranteeing the right to be a holder of rights and obligations. The article is then focused on the scope of the absolute Constitutional guarantee of the right to legal personality as well as on the Constitutional prohibition of discrimination which gives rise to the general equality before the Constitution and the law. The focus of this article is the moment when the legal capacity, or legal personality, is considered to be acquired. It then moves to the issue whether limiting the access to techniques of assisted reproduction (biomedical conception is contrary to the general rules on legal capacity, and whether this is a genuine form of biomedical discrimination.

Aspectos de regulación sanitaria en Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jose Carlos Buzanello

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Mira a algunos aspectos de la regulación de los servicios de saneamiento en Brasil, específicamente la política de regulación resultante del proceso de reforma del Estado de 1995. Cuestiona los resultados de la productividad de los servicios de agua y alcantarillado de los concesionarios y el alcance de estas medidas al consumismo usuario.

Psychology in Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Ruiz, Eleonora Rubio

2011-01-01

The first formal psychology course taught in Mexico was in 1896 at Mexico's National University; today, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM in Spanish). The modern psychology from Europe and the US in the late 19th century were the primary influences of Mexican psychology, as well as psychoanalysis and both clinical and experimental…

THEORETICAL AND LEGAL PERSPECTIVE ON CERTAIN TYPES OF LEGAL LIABILITY IN CRYPTOCURRENCY RELATIONS

OpenAIRE

Oleksii Drozd; Yaroslav Lazur; Ruslan Serbin

2017-01-01

The aim of this article is to study the theoretical, methodological, and legal possibilities of application of certain types of legal responsibility to the relations, which are connected with cryptocurrency (bitcoin). Some types of liability in the field of cryptocurrency relations make the subject of the study. Methodology. The research is based on a comparison of legal regulation of the sphere of cryptocurrency in Ukraine and in foreign countries. Advantages and disadvantages of different m...

LEGAL DRAFTING IN CROATIA - CASE STUDY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dario Đerđa

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This paper highlights the importance of legal drafting and its essential elements, which has not drawn a lot of attention in the Republic of Croatia so far. The paper emphasises the importance of proportionality in the simplicity and legal distinctness of a legal text in the process of drafting for the purpose of its clarity. The paper also presents objective requirements necessary for quality legal drafting, as well as subjective qualities of the drafters. With the purpose of drawing attention to imperfections in the legal drafting in Croatia, some defi ciencies are presented in the process of drafting and amending of the Utility Services Act. The process of drafting and amending of this Act is a good example of the way how legal drafting should not be done. It contains a lot of defi ciencies and failures that are the result of legal drafting mistakes. At the end, authors expect that the adoption of the Uniform methodology and nomotechnical rules for the drafting of acts enacted by Parliament should contribute to the higher quality of legal texts and to their full adjustment to the general requirements of legal certainty and rule of law.

Aspectos éticos de la obesidad

OpenAIRE

de Santiago Martín, Sandra

2016-01-01

El sobrepeso y la obesidad se están convirtiendo en uno de los problemas de salud de mayor preocupación, convirtiéndose en los últimos años en una verdadera pandemia mundial. Los objetivos de esta revisión bibliográfica son analizar los aspectos éticos de la obesidad, desde el punto de vista de la familia y la sociedad, las buenas prácticas sanitarias, los principios bioéticos y de los derechos del paciente obeso. Para realizar este trabajo de investigación se accedieron a las bases de ...

Aspectos puntuales del estado vegetativo persistente

OpenAIRE

Hodelín Tablada, Ricardo

2013-01-01

El estado vegetativo persistente es una condición clínica caracterizada por la ausencia completa de conciencia sobre uno mismo y el entorno, unido a ciclos de sueño-vigilia, con preservación total o parcial de las funciones hipotalámicas y autonómicas del tallo encefálico. En el presente artículo, el autor discute aspectos puntuales sobre la entidad clínica, basado en su experiencia y en la revisión de la bibliografía sobre el tema; igualmente se exponen elementos clínicos y epidemiológicos d...

medico-legal an overview of some of the key legal developments in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Enrique

equipped to admit a child with HIV as none of its teachers ... Head, Legal Unit, AIDS Law Project, and Centre for Applied Legal Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg ... once they have certified that the test or treatment is in the.

Arbitral sentence and its legal nature Sentença arbitral e a sua natureza jurídica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rozane da Rosa Cachapuz

2005-12-01

Full Text Available The arbitration is instrument of solution of conflicts of interests that involve available patrimonial rights, having for bedding the will of parts and the State authorization, here it is that instituted for the Law nº 9,307 of 23 of September of 1996. The study it deals with its more excellent act, carrying through a more refined analysisof the aspects of special award in its legal nature. Objective to demystify the legal nature of the award when analyzing the theory of the judicial sentence and apply it in the institute of the arbitration, everything objectifying to establish the contours of the legal nature of the award, in order to locate it in the legal system and to facilitate its understanding. It concludes demonstrating the intensity of identification between the award and judicial, on the basis of the study made on its identification and differentiated, extracted elements of the analysed thematic sources.A arbitragem é instrumento de solução de conflitos de interesses que envolvam direitos patrimoniais disponíveis, tendo por fundamento a vontade das partes e a autorização estatal, eis que instituído pela Lei nº 9.307 de 23 de setembro de 1996. O estudo trata de seu ato mais relevante, realizando uma análise mais apurada dos aspectos da sentença arbitral em especial sua natureza jurídica. Objetiva desmistificar a natureza da sentença arbitral ao analisar a teoria da sentença judicial e aplicá-la ao instituto da arbitragem, verificando sua adequação e pertinência teórica; tudo objetivando estabelecer os contornos da natureza jurídica da sentença arbitral, de modo a localizá-la no ordenamento jurídico e facilitar sua compreensão. Conclui demonstrando a intensidade de identificação entre a sentença arbitral e judicial, com base no estudo feito sobre seus elementos identificadores e diferenciados, extraídos das vertentes temáticas analisadas.

Medico-legal autopsies in Denmark

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Sara Tangmose; Lynnerup, Niels

2011-01-01

At 2.7% in 1970, the Danish medico-legal autopsy frequency was lower than recent frequencies observed in the Nordic countries (4-24%). The aim of this study was to analyse trends in the number and frequency of Danish medico-legal autopsies.......At 2.7% in 1970, the Danish medico-legal autopsy frequency was lower than recent frequencies observed in the Nordic countries (4-24%). The aim of this study was to analyse trends in the number and frequency of Danish medico-legal autopsies....

Aspectos comportamentais na gestão de projetos: uma análise bibliométrica (1988-2014

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diane Aparecida dos Reis Silva

Full Text Available Resumo A demanda por gerentes de projetos é crescente. Um dos principais fatores que impactam no desempenho desse profissional relaciona-se ao aspecto comportamental, ou seja, àquele em que as relações e o entendimento entre os indivíduos de um grupo são fundamentais. Ante essa problemática, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma análise bibliométrica sobre aspectos comportamentais na gestão de projetos, buscando identificar as relações entre aspectos comportamentais e o gerenciamento de projetos. Para tanto, utilizou-se a metodologia bibliométrica: as bases de dados que compõem a amostra foram coletadas em ISI Web of Science e Scopus, desde que os artigos da Scopus também estivessem na base principal da ISI Web of Science. As análises sugerem ou evidenciam que os aspectos comportamentais, o “lado humano”, se apresenta como fator essencial para o sucesso na gestão de projetos.

Legal reality of Russia: constants and variables

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrey Valeryevich Skorobogatov

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Objective to develop the sciencebased knowledge about essential and substantial aspects of the current legal reality of Russia in the context of postclassical paradigm. Methods the methodological basis of this research is the synthesis of classical and postclassical paradigms that determine the choice of specific methods of research formallegal comparative legal modeling method hermeneutic discursive methods. Results basing on the postclassical methodology it is proved that the legal reality of Russia consists of three levels legislation law enforcement and legal behavior. The determinant level of legal reality is legal behavior that is aimed at observing the unwritten rules. The legal reality of Russia is characterized by a transgressive state of the modern Russian society expressed in broad application of nonlegislative nonlegal practices low level of legal culture legal nihilism and legal infantilism. Scientific novelty the article for the first time analyzes the ontological and phenomenological essence of the legal reality in Russia and determines its transgressive nature at the present stage of development. Practical value the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and pedagogical activity when considering questions about the nature and content of legal development. nbsp

LEGAL PROTECTION VERSUS LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS (The changing Perspective in Law and Society Research

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muhammad Helmy Hakim

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Considering the important role of historical, cultural, social, and attitudinal aspects in the study of law, there has been a shift from instrumental law to constitutive law. While instrumental law considers law beyond the social and cultural spheres, constitutive law integrally embraces law, politics, ideology, and action. Legal consciousness is an important asset for marginalised people who are at high risk of discriminative treatments in occupational and social life. Not only will they are legally aware of their rights and obligations at works, they will have adequate knowledge of where and how to name, blame, and claim in case mistreatment do occur. Legally proficient will allow them build legal protection which is not adequately provided by the authorized bodies.

ASPECTOS ERGONÔMICOS E POSTURAIS EM CENTRO DE MATERIAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Neusa Maria Cosía Alexandre

Full Text Available Determinados fatores ambientais inadequados podem provocar lesões na coluna vertebral. Este trabalho discute certos aspectos ergonômicos e posturais específicos em Centro de Material com o objetivo de desenvolver uma consciência crítica a respeito dos efeitos do local de trabalho sobre a saúde.

Adjustment of legally binding local plans

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hvingel, Line Træholt; Aunsborg, Christian; Christensen, Finn Kjær

2012-01-01

Traditionally, and by law, new urban areas in Denmark are regulated and planned through legally binding local plans. Recently a tendency has occurred: The municipalities make the legally binding local plans quite open for future adjustment, and they are using a substantial amount of ‘empowerment ...... the considerations of legal rights, the extend of the legal use of empowerment provisions and the combination of the use of legal binding local plans and other legal instruments such as easements and sales agreements.......Traditionally, and by law, new urban areas in Denmark are regulated and planned through legally binding local plans. Recently a tendency has occurred: The municipalities make the legally binding local plans quite open for future adjustment, and they are using a substantial amount of ‘empowerment...... provisions’ which empower the municipalities to later ruling. This way of making plans postpones the actual regulation of an area (i.e. the planning permission) making it an individual ruling for instance at the application of building permits. Case studies show examples of this way of regulating an area...

Marketing legal services on the Internet

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alicja Mikołajczyk

2014-09-01

Full Text Available This article describes accessible means of marketing legal services under restrictive regulations in the Polish market. As attorneys-at-law and legal advisers face significant legal and ethical limitations in their market communication, they are forced to seek alternative tools of promoting their services and reaching potential clients. Electronic media turned out to be an effective and convenient channel in marketing legal services, often prevailing offline marketing communication. The article presents legal restrictions in the market, with emphasis to fundamental barriers that prevent implementation of traditional marketing tools and techniques broadly available in market communication. The second part presents selected tools of online marketing applicable in promotion of legal services, examplified with their use in practice.

The changing purpose of mental health law: From medicalism to legalism to new legalism.

Science.gov (United States)

Brown, Jennifer

2016-01-01

The role of law in regulating mental health detention has come to engender great contention in the legal and sociological disciplines alike. This conflict is multifaceted but is centred upon the extent to which law should control the psychiatric power of detention. In this manner the evolution of law regulating mental health detention has been seen in terms of a pendulous movement between two extremes of medicalism and legalism. Drawing on socio-legal literature, legislation, international treaties and case law this article examines the changing purpose of mental health law from an English and Council of Europe perspective by utilizing the concepts of medicalism, legalism and new legalism as descriptive devices before arguing that the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities goes further than all of these concepts and has the potential to influence mental health laws internationally. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Belief and legal philosophy: a conceptual framework for Christian scholarship in undergraduate legal education

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. de Freitas

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Legal education in South Africa has arrived at a discursive juncture that demands clarity on what the “purpose” of legal education should be. Debate on the purpose of legal education, more specifically for the Christian law student, becomes especially important in a society dominated by positivism, mate-rialism and pragmatism. With specific reference to the under-graduate Christian law student, this article firstly explains that the purpose of legal education should include the nurturing of the student’s belief – a belief encompassing his/her foun-dational perspective(s on reality. Secondly, in order to achieve the proper nurturing and development of the Christian law student’s belief, the importance of the teaching of legal philo-sophy is explained. In this regard, proposals are postulated pertaining to specific means by which such nurturing and development of the undergraduate Christian law student’s foundational belief can be attained.

75 FR 28555 - Executive Green ICT & Energy Efficiency Trade Mission to Mexico City, Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-21

... Trade Mission to Mexico City, Mexico AGENCY: International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce... Trade Mission to Mexico City from September 27-29, 2010. This Executive led mission will focus on... & Energy Efficiency conference will take place at the World Trade Center in Mexico City. Relevant issues on...

Artificial intelligence approach to legal reasoning

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gardner, A.V.D.L.

1984-01-01

For artificial intelligence, understanding the forms of human reasoning is a central goal. Legal reasoning is a form that makes a new set of demands on artificial intelligence methods. Most importantly, a computer program that reasons about legal problems must be able to distinguish between questions it is competent to answer and questions that human lawyers could seriously argue either way. In addition, a program for analyzing legal problems should be able to use both general legal rules and decisions in past cases; and it should be able to work with technical concepts that are only partly defined and subject to shifts of meaning. Each of these requirements has wider applications in artificial intelligence, beyond the legal domain. This dissertation presents a computational framework for legal reasoning, within which such requirements can be accommodated. The development of the framework draws significantly on the philosophy of law, in which the elucidation of legal reasoning is an important topic. A key element of the framework is the legal distinction between hard cases and clear cases. In legal writing, this distinction has been taken for granted more often than it has been explored. Here, some initial heuristics are proposed by which a program might make the distinction

El envío de indios americanos a la Península Ibérica: aspectos legales (1492-1542

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Esteban MIRA CABALLOS

2009-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: En este presente artículo ofrecemos por primera vez una sistematización sobre la legislación existente en torno a la trata de indios americanos con destino a los mercados esclavistas de la Península Ibérica. Se trata sin duda de un trabajo sumamente novedoso que aporta nueva luz a un aspecto de la Historia Moderna de España que ha pasado casi desapercibido hasta la fecha para la historiografía más reciente. La conclusión principal que se puede extraer de este trabajo es la negativa de la Corona -salvo en los dubitativos momentos iniciales- a que se trajesen indios esclavos a la Península. No obstante, esta legislación prohibitiva sólo sirvió para que los envíos se ralentizaran sin erradicar totalmente una trata que siempre encontró las formas de continuar de una manera más o menos fraudulenta.ABSTRACT: For the first time the present article offers us a systematization about the existing laws concerning the American indians trade with the Iberian Peninsula slaves markets. Undoubtledly, it consists of an extremely original work which casts light on one aspect of the Spanish early modern history that has gone unnoticed to the recent historiography. The main conclusion to be drawn from this work is the Crown's denial for the Indian slaves to be brought, except for the doubts arisen at the beginning. This prohibitive laws only served to slow down the slave shipment without eradicate this practice that always founds to continue new forms, more or less fraudulent.

Opportunity for America: Mexico`s coal future

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Loose, V.W.

1993-09-01

This study examines the history, current status and future prospects for increased coal use in Mexico. Environmental implications of the power-generation capacity expansion plans are examined in general terms. Mexican environmental law and regulations are briefly reviewed along with the new sense of urgency in the cleanup of existing environmental problems and avoidance of new problems as clearly mandated in recent Mexican government policy initiatives. It is expected that new capital facilities will need to incorporate the latest in process and technology to comply with existing environmental regulation. Technology developments which address these issues are identified. What opportunities have new initiatives caused by the recent diversification of Mexico`s energy economy offered US firms? This report looks at the potential future use of coal in the Mexican energy economy, examining this issue with an eye toward identifying markets that might be available to US coal producers and the best way to approach them. Market opportunities are identified by examining new developments in the Mexican economy generally and the energy economy particularly. These developments are examined in light of the current situation and the history which brought Mexico to its present status.

Aspectos da tomografia computadorizada craniana na neurocisticercose na infância

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marilisa M. Guerreiro

1989-06-01

Full Text Available Os autores relatam aspectos tomográficos da neurocisticercose na infância a propósito da análise de 27 exames em 18 pacientes, que foram distribuídos em três grupos segundo o quadru clínico e os achados tomográficos. O grupo 1 foi caracterizado basicamente por epilepsias e calcificações. O grupo 2 caracterizou-se por hipertensão intracraniana e diversos aspectos tomográficos: edema, cistos e nódulos em três pacientes; hidrocefalia e calcificações em dois pacientes e normal em um paciente. O grupo 3 consistiu clinicamente de epilepsia e cefaléia, com vários padrões tomográficos. Os resultados são discutidos à luz da literatura disponível.

Micrometeorological studies for the characterization of the atmospheric superficial layer in the Valley of Mexico; Estudios micrometeorologicos para la caracterizacion de la capa atmosferica superficial en el Valle de Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saldana Flores, Ricardo; Salcido Gonzalez, Victor A.; Borja Diaz, Marco Antonio R.; Morales Reyes, Maria Flor [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1995-12-31

This work establishes the principal aspects related to two micrometeorological campaigns carried out in the Valley of Mexico, the first one from May 19 to 27, 1992 in the vicinity of the Valle de Mexico thermoelectric central and the second from September 13 to 21, 1993 in a site nearby the recreational lake of the Texcoco Plan. The first campaign of measurements encompassed the monitoring at ground level (at a height of 10 meters) of the following parameters: -wind orthogonal components; -temperature; -relative humidity; -Global radiation; - Net radiation; -Atmospheric pressure. Also, simultaneously five daily radio soundings were performed through a captive balloon and free soundings, up to an approximate height of 2500 meters. During the second campaign the same measurements as in the first campaign were carried out, except the radio soundings with the captive balloon, incorporating a turbulence ultrasonic sensor with which, among other parameters, were obtained: -Mean velocities of the wind orthogonal components; -Mean temperature; -Covariance of the wind component z and temperature; -Friction velocity; -Monin-Obukov length; -Vertical heat flow; -Wind mean velocity; -Wind mean direction. [Espanol] En el presente trabajo se anotan los principales aspectos relativos a dos campanas micrometeorologicas realizadas en el Valle de Mexico, la primera del 19 al 27 de mayo de 1992 en las inmediaciones de la central termoelectrica Valle de Mexico y la segunda del 13 al 21 de septiembre de 1993, en un sitio cercano al lago recreativo del Plan Texcoco. La primera campana de mediciones abarco el monitoreo en superficie (a 10 m de altura) de los siguientes parametros: - Componentes ortogonales del viento. - Temperatura. - Humedad relativa. - Radiacion global. - Radiacion neta. - Presion atmosferica. Asimismo, se llevaron a cabo simultaneamente cinco radiosondeos diarios a traves de un globo cautivo y de sondas libres, hasta una altura aproximada de 2500 metros. Durante la

Micrometeorological studies for the characterization of the atmospheric superficial layer in the Valley of Mexico; Estudios micrometeorologicos para la caracterizacion de la capa atmosferica superficial en el Valle de Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saldana Flores, Ricardo; Salcido Gonzalez, Victor A; Borja Diaz, Marco Antonio R.; Morales Reyes, Maria Flor [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1996-12-31

This work establishes the principal aspects related to two micrometeorological campaigns carried out in the Valley of Mexico, the first one from May 19 to 27, 1992 in the vicinity of the Valle de Mexico thermoelectric central and the second from September 13 to 21, 1993 in a site nearby the recreational lake of the Texcoco Plan. The first campaign of measurements encompassed the monitoring at ground level (at a height of 10 meters) of the following parameters: -wind orthogonal components; -temperature; -relative humidity; -Global radiation; - Net radiation; -Atmospheric pressure. Also, simultaneously five daily radio soundings were performed through a captive balloon and free soundings, up to an approximate height of 2500 meters. During the second campaign the same measurements as in the first campaign were carried out, except the radio soundings with the captive balloon, incorporating a turbulence ultrasonic sensor with which, among other parameters, were obtained: -Mean velocities of the wind orthogonal components; -Mean temperature; -Covariance of the wind component z and temperature; -Friction velocity; -Monin-Obukov length; -Vertical heat flow; -Wind mean velocity; -Wind mean direction. [Espanol] En el presente trabajo se anotan los principales aspectos relativos a dos campanas micrometeorologicas realizadas en el Valle de Mexico, la primera del 19 al 27 de mayo de 1992 en las inmediaciones de la central termoelectrica Valle de Mexico y la segunda del 13 al 21 de septiembre de 1993, en un sitio cercano al lago recreativo del Plan Texcoco. La primera campana de mediciones abarco el monitoreo en superficie (a 10 m de altura) de los siguientes parametros: - Componentes ortogonales del viento. - Temperatura. - Humedad relativa. - Radiacion global. - Radiacion neta. - Presion atmosferica. Asimismo, se llevaron a cabo simultaneamente cinco radiosondeos diarios a traves de un globo cautivo y de sondas libres, hasta una altura aproximada de 2500 metros. Durante la

Applying a Virtual Economy Model in Mexico's Oil Sector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baker, G.

1994-01-01

The state of Mexico's oil industry, including the accomplishments of Pemex, Mexico's national oil company, was discussed, with particular reference to the progress made in the period of 1988-1994, and the outlook for innovations in the post-Salinas era. The concept of an evolutionary trend from a command economy (State as sole producer), towards market (State as regulator) or mixed economies (State as business partner) in developing countries, was introduced, placing Pemex within this evolutionary model as moving away from centralized control of oil production and distribution, while achieving international competitiveness. The concept of ''virtual market economy'' was also discussed. This model contains the legal basis of a command economy, while instituting modernization programs in order to stimulate market-economic conditions. This type of economy was considered particularly useful in this instance, sine it would allow Pemex units to operate within international performance and price benchmarks while maintaining state monopoly. Specific details of how Pemex could transform itself to a virtual market economy were outlined. It was recommended that Pemex experiment with the virtual mixed economy model; in essence, making the state a co-producer, co-transporter, and co-distributor of hydrocarbons. The effects of such a move would be to bring non-debt funding to oil and gas production, transmission, and associated industrial activities

Algunos aspectos éticos en la práctica de la obstetricia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

DR. P. Sergio Valenzuela

2014-11-01

Full Text Available La obstetricia ejercida en el contexto clínico asistencial es una fuente permanente de cuestionamientos éticos para los especialistas. En este artículo, que tiene carácter de ensayo, se aborda una primera parte introductoria, que da cuenta de la dimensión antropológica del cuidado obstétrico. Luego se destaca la necesidad de referirse a un número mayor de principios en la fundamentación del quehacer obstétrico. Por último, profundiza principalmente en los aspectos éticos de su ejercicio como obstetricia de urgencia y la ética del diagnóstico; quedando aspectos importantes para discutir en una futura oportunidad.

Planificación estratégica: aspectos introductorios (I)

OpenAIRE

Galindo Reyes, Fuensanta Carmen; De la Varga Salto, José María

2016-01-01

Transparencias como material docente para la asignatura de Administración de Organizaciones. Se corresponden con la etapa primera del proceso administrativo de las organizaciones, la planificación estratétiga. En concreto, incluyen aspectos introductorios relacionados con los conceptos y elementos principales de la planificación estratégica. Planificación estratégica

INTERACTION OF EUROPEAN AND RUSSIAN LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Tyrtyshny

2015-01-01

Full Text Available This article provides an overview of certain ideologemes of Western (European and Russian legal consciousness – prominent works of Ivan Ilyin and Duncan Kennedy are taken as examples. The article analyzes the tabula rasa principle and its place in legal consciousness. We use legal scholarship, judicial practice and opinion polls to examine the relationship between legal consciousness and the lack of trust in Russian courts, as well as their inefficiency from the point of view of public opinion. There are a number of shocking cases of torture of innocent people by the Russian police. Why is this so? The answer lies in the legal consciousness of police officers and of judges. This is something that has been inherited from the Soviet period. It is completely different from the Western legal consciousness, one of the key features of which is denial of authority. The critical legal studies branch of American legal realism almost denies the very existence of law, and, perhaps for this reason, American culture is less open to abuses like torture. At the same time, there is no possibility to shift legal consciousness immediately, the tabula rasa principle does not work. The final objective of the article is to provide a perspective on the reform of higher legal education and its relation to legal consciousness and legal anthropology. We propose that a greater part of the university curriculum is devoted to legal anthropology.

Legal analysis at the Law for Civil liabilities by nuclear damage; Analisis juridico a la Ley de responsabilidad civil por danos nucleares

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonzalez G, A

2000-07-01

The present work has the objective to analyse in specific terms the legal regime of the Civil liability by nuclear damage. It has been the intention of that this compilation is the initiation of a large way which awake the interests of jurists and specialists dedicated to study the aspects as the liability by nuclear damage, compensation guarantee, risk and nuclear damage among others. The peaceful applications of the nuclear energy require the necessity of a legal ordinance that it is updated according to the nuclear technology development that the regulations of the common law do not cover. This work is initiated mentioning some antecedents of the nuclear energy law in Mexico. Also is realized the study of the elemental concepts and definitions about the subject as the evolution of the legal figure in the National law frame where the jurist must do an incursion in the nuclear field and make use of scientific and technical terminology. It was analysed and it was made the reflection of the legal figure of liability, its exoneration cases, about the concepts of risk and nuclear damage overcoming the conceptual error among them. It is talked about the study of nuclear damage and its repairing as financial guarantee to compensate to the people injured by a nuclear accident. Finally, it was treated about the legal analysis and proposals of additions and reforms for updating the Nuclear damage liability Law, concluding with general contributions to the Law resulting products of this work. (Author)

Animal-caused fatalities in New Mexico, 1993-2004.

Science.gov (United States)

Lathrop, Sarah L

2007-01-01

To evaluate animal-caused fatalities in New Mexico using data collected during medicolegal death investigations, including toxicology, survival interval, and circumstances. A retrospective review of the computerized database and hard copies of files from a centralized, statewide medical examiner's office, excluding deaths due to zoonotic diseases and motor vehicle collisions involving animals. Between 1993 and 2004, 63 deaths caused by animals were reported in New Mexico. The majority of decedents were male (46/63, 73%) and non-Hispanic white (33/63, 52%). Horses were the most commonly implicated animals, with 43 (68%) deaths due to a person being thrown from, crushed, dragged, or kicked by a horse. Cattle caused 9 deaths (14%), dogs caused 3 (5%), and venomous animals caused 3, whereas a bear was responsible for 1 death. Ten decedents (16%) had alcohol present at the time of death, and 8 would have been over the legal blood alcohol concentration for driving (0.08%). Ten deaths (16%) were work-related and included deaths of jockeys and ranch workers. The majority of deaths (42/63, 67%) occurred in remote locations, potentially delaying access to treatment. Survival intervals ranged from 1 day to 33 years. Whereas both human and animal behavior can be difficult to predict, a review of animal-caused fatalities investigated by a medical examiner revealed that in many cases, deaths could have been prevented by either the use of protective gear or alterations in human behavior.

[The need of transforming the health system in Mexico].

Science.gov (United States)

López-Cervantes, Malaquías; Durán Arenas, Juan Luis; Villanueva Lozano, Marcia

2011-01-01

In this article we review the need for the transformation of the Mexican health care system given the deformities that the system developed in the last 60 years. We start by the discussion of two main deformities: the segmented answer to the health right, and the development of a segmented health care system based on the method of payment (formal workers contributions); and the development of a health care model based on specialties and hospital care. These deformities have resulted in a health care system characterized by high costs and low effectiveness. Even though the correction of the deformities imply complex modifications that involve political economic and legal aspects, in the short term we have the conditions in Mexico for the creation of a universal primary health care system, given the human and financial resources available in the country.

Mexico's "ley de narcomenudeo" drug policy reform and the international drug control regime.

Science.gov (United States)

Mackey, Tim K; Werb, Daniel; Beletsky, Leo; Rangel, Gudelia; Arredondo, Jaime; Strathdee, Steffanie A

2014-11-14

It has been over half a century since the landmark Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs was adopted, for the first time unifying international drug policy under a single treaty aimed at limiting use, manufacture, trade, possession, and trafficking of opiates, cannabis, and other narcotics. Since then, other international drug policy measures have been adopted, largely emphasizing enforcement-based approaches to reducing drug supply and use. Recently, in response to concerns that the historic focus on criminalization and enforcement has had limited effectiveness, international drug policies have begun to undergo a paradigm shift as countries seek to enact their own reforms to partially depenalize or deregulate personal drug use and possession. This includes Mexico, which in 2009 enacted national drug policy reform partially decriminalizing possession of small quantities of narcotics for personal consumption while also requiring drug treatment for repeat offenders. As countries move forward with their own reform models, critical assessment of their legal compatibility and effectiveness is necessary. In this commentary we conduct a critical assessment of the compatibility of Mexico's reform policy to the international drug policy regime and describe its role in the current evolving drug policy environment. We argue that Mexico's reform is consistent with flexibilities allowed under international drug treaty instruments and related commentaries. We also advocate that drug policy reforms and future governance efforts should be based on empirical evidence, emphasize harm reduction practices, and integrate evidence-based evaluation and implementation of drug reform measures.

Aspectos sociales de la malaria importada en Latinoamérica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alfonso J. Rodríguez-Morales

2008-04-01

Full Text Available La malaria continúa siendo un grave problema de salud pública mundial, ya no sólo en países endémicos, sino comenzando a representar un dilema médico en países distantes por la llegada de casos importados. Ahora bien, aun cuando en términos de las disciplinas médicas convencionales se ha publicado muchos estudios clínico-epidemiológicos y reportes de caso, los aspectos sociales, que parecerían obvios en el contexto de la malaria importada por supeditarse a la migración de la población, no han sido exhaustivamente explorados en relación con este fenómeno. Por estas razones, en esta revisión se analiza los aspectos sociales relacionados con el fenómeno de la malaria importada con énfasis al contexto epidemiológico de América Latina.

Aspectos éticos en Pediatría, las inmunodeficiencias primarias

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martha Leonor Paradoa Pérez

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Las inmunodeficiencias primarias son enfermedades genéticas, caracterizadas por infecciones crónicas devastadoras que conllevan a la muerte, al desarrollo de tumores y a enfermedades autoinmunes, y la mayoría de estas enfermedades cursan en la edad pediátrica. Desde la última década del pasado siglo, el desarrollo de la tecnología, el surgimiento del Proyecto del Genoma Humano y la profundización en los aspectos bioéticos, han dado lugar a especificidades en la atención médica e investigativa del paciente pediátrico y del que desarrolla una enfermedad inmunológica. Este trabajo recoge los aspectos bioéticos más importantes y los dilemas éticos con los que se enfrenta el inmunólogo pediátrico en la atención al paciente con inmunodeficiencia primaria, el cual demanda la atención de, prácticamente, todas las especialidades pediátricas.

One World? One Law? One Global Legal System? Modern Law and Socio-Legal Communities

OpenAIRE

Werner Krawietz

2014-01-01

In the present article the author considers the issues connected with globalization and structural changes in the contemporary societies. In author’s opinion, development of legal regulation encompasses not only the practical and theoretical argumentation in the law. It also includes the informative and communicative perspectives of our analytical and conceptual legal thinking and of our legal world-outlook which is formed accordingly to the social world of law. The author stresses that there...

Aspectos geopolíticos en el desarrollo de la zona franca industrial de Ilo

OpenAIRE

Cardenas Nuñez, Gilberto; Cardenas Nuñez, Gilberto

1994-01-01

El presente trabajo de Tesis enfatiza el aspecto geopolítico en el desarrollo de la Zona franca Industrial de Ilo (ZOFRI-IL0). La razón de tal énfasis es simple: por este aspecto específicamente es que se creó la ZOFRI-ILO. En consecuencia, el tratamiento del tema tiene que ver con la influencia geopolítica en las sucesivas etapas de su desarrollo, considerando sus posibilidades de desarrollo a futuro en el marco de las tendencias internacionales de la globalización de la economía mundial. ...

U.S.-Mexico energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1991-05-01

This paper reports that while Mexico's petrochemical industry has grown rapidly, it now faces shortages both in investment funds and in supplies of basic petrochemicals due to a financial crisis in the 1980s. Mexico has undertaken a series of policy reforms aimed at encouraging foreign and private investment, but these efforts have generally failed to entice U.S. investment in Mexico. U.S. petrochemical companies have cited unfavorable market conditions, insufficient basic petrochemical capacity in Mexico, concern about the reversibility of Mexican reforms, inadequate Mexican protection of intellectual property rights, and lack of investment protection for U.S. businesses as impediments to investment in Mexico. Cooperation between the two nations in overcoming these obstacles could help U.S. petrochemical companies maintain their positions in a competitive global market, while at the same time provide Mexico with much needed capital investment and technological expertise

Marketing legal services on the Internet

OpenAIRE

Alicja Mikołajczyk

2014-01-01

This article describes accessible means of marketing legal services under restrictive regulations in the Polish market. As attorneys-at-law and legal advisers face significant legal and ethical limitations in their market communication, they are forced to seek alternative tools of promoting their services and reaching potential clients. Electronic media turned out to be an effective and convenient channel in marketing legal services, often prevailing offline marketing communication. The artic...

Fundamental discrepancies in abortion estimates and abortion-related mortality: A reevaluation of recent studies in Mexico with special reference to the International Classification of Diseases

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Koch E

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Elard Koch,1,2 Paula Aracena,1 Sebastián Gatica,1 Miguel Bravo,1 Alejandra Huerta-Zepeda,3 Byron C Calhoun41Institute of Molecular Epidemiology (MELISA, Center of Embryonic Medicine and Maternal Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile; 2Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; 3Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla UPAEP, Puebla, México; 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West Virginia University, Charleston, WV, USAAbstract: In countries where induced abortion is legally restricted, as in most of Latin America, evaluation of statistics related to induced abortions and abortion-related mortality is challenging. The present article reexamines recent reports estimating the number of induced abortions and abortion-related mortality in Mexico, with special reference to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD. We found significant overestimations of abortion figures in the Federal District of Mexico (up to 10-fold, where elective abortion has been legal since 2007. Significant overestimation of maternal and abortion-related mortality during the last 20 years in the entire Mexican country (up to 35% was also found. Such overestimations are most likely due to the use of incomplete in-hospital records as well as subjective opinion surveys regarding induced abortion figures, and due to the consideration of causes of death that are unrelated to induced abortion, including flawed denominators of live births. Contrary to previous publications, we found important progress in maternal health, reflected by the decrease in overall maternal mortality (30.6% from 1990 to 2010. The use of specific ICD codes revealed that the mortality ratio associated with induced abortion decreased 22.9% between 2002 and 2008 (from 1.48 to 1.14 deaths per 100,000 live births. Currently, approximately 98% of maternal deaths in Mexico are related to causes other than

Research and technological development on heat pumps in Mexico operating with geothermal energy; Investigacion y desarrollo tecnologico sobre bombas de calor en Mexico operando con energia geotermica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garcia Gutierrez, Alfonso; Barragan Reyes, Rosa Maria; Arellano Gomez, Victor Manuel [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)

2008-07-01

The Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) and the Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) carried out in the past an extensive work of research and development (R&D) on heat pumps (HP). The systems tried on include heat pumps by mechanical compression, thermal absorption and thermal transformers. This paper briefly describes the main aspects of R&D on heat pumps and presents a more detailed description of three of the main studies: a) a Heat Pump (HP) by mechanical compression water-water type, designed for brine purification, operating with low pressure geothermal steam at the geothermal field Los Azufres, Michoacan, Mexico; b) a HP by absorption for cooling and refrigeration, operating with ammoniac/water and low enthalpy geothermal energy, which was tested in the geothermal fields of Los Azufres, Michoacan and Cerro Prieto, Baja California, and c) a thermal transformer by absorption, named Heat Pump by Absorption Type 2, which was tested to evaluate the behavior of diverse ternary solutions as working fluids. To date, there are plans to install and test a geothermal heat pump (connected to the subsoil), in Cerro Prieto, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. [Spanish] El Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) y la Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) realizaron un trabajo extenso de investigacion y desarrollo (I&D) sobre bombas de calor (BC) en el pasado. Los sistemas que se probaron incluyen bombas de calor por compresion mecanica, absorcion y transformadores termicos. Este trabajo describe brevemente los principales aspectos de I&D sobre bombas de calor y se da una descripcion mas detallada de tres de los principales estudios: a) una Bomba de Calor (BC) por compresion mecanica tipo agua-agua, disenada para purificacion de salmueras, operando con vapor geotermico de baja presion en el campo geotermico de Los Azufres, Michoacan; b) una BC por absorcion para enfriamiento y refrigeracion, operando con amoniaco/agua y energia geotermica de baja entalpia

Mexico and Central America.

Science.gov (United States)

Bronfman, M

1998-01-01

This article reviews the literature on migration and HIV/AIDS in Mexico and Central America, including Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama. Most migrants travel to the US through Mexico. US-Mexico trade agreements created opportunities for increased risk of HIV transmission. The research literature focuses on Mexico. Most countries, with the exception of Belize and Costa Rica, are sending countries. Human rights of migrants are violated in transit and at destination. Migration policies determine migration processes. The Mexican-born population in the US is about 3% of US population and 8% of Mexico's population. About 22% arrived during 1992-97, and about 500,000 are naturalized US citizens. An additional 11 million have a Mexican ethnic background. Mexican migrants are usually economically active men who had jobs before leaving and were urban people who settled in California, Texas, Illinois, and Arizona. Most Mexican migrants enter illegally. Many return to Mexico. The main paths of HIV transmission are homosexual, heterosexual, and IV-drug-injecting persons. Latino migrants frequently use prostitutes, adopt new sexual practices including anal penetration among men, greater diversity of sexual partners, and use of injectable drugs.

Abortion legalized: challenges ahead.

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, M; Jha, R

2007-01-01

To see whether advocacy for abortion law and comprehensive abortion care (CAC) sites after legalization of abortion in Nepal is adequate among educated people (above school leaving certificate). 150 participants were assigned randomly who agreed to be in the survey and were given structured questionnaires to find out their perception of abortion and CAC sites. Majority know abortion is legalized and majority have positive attitude about legalization of abortion, however majority are not aware of abortion service in CAC sites and none knew the cost of abortion service. Proper and adequate advocacy of the new abortion law and CAC service is essential.

UN legal advisers meet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1969-01-01

Legal Advisers from twelve international organizations belonging to the United Nations Organization's family met at the Agency's Headquarters in Vienna on 19 and 20 May to discuss legal problems of common administrative interest. The meeting was held on the initiative of the Agency while the UN Conference on the Law of Treaties was taking place in Vienna during April and May. With Mr. Constantin A. Stavropoulos, Under-Secretary, Legal Counsel of the United Nations, as chairman, this was the second meeting of Legal Advisers since 1954. The following organizations were represented: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Labour Organisation, Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization, International Monetary Fund, International Telecommunication Union, United Nations, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, World Health Organization. Topics discussed included the recruitment of legal staff and possible exchange of staff between organizations; competence and procedure of internal appeals committees, experience with cases before the Administrative Tribunals and evaluation of their judgments; experience with Staff Credit Unions; privileges and immunities of international organizations; headquarters and host government agreements; and patent policies of international organizations. Consultations will continue through correspondence and further meetings. (author)

Abortion Legalization and Adolescent Substance Use

OpenAIRE

Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Stephens, Melvin, Jr

2006-01-01

We assess whether in utero exposure to legalized abortion in the early 1970's affected individuals' propensities to use controlled substances as adolescents. We exploit the fact that some states legalized abortion before national legalization in 1973 to compare differences in substance use for adolescents across birth cohorts in different states. We find that persons exposed to early legalization were, on average, much less likely to use controlled substances. We also assess how substance use...

LEGAL CULTURES AND MEDIATION. INTERACTIONS AND EVOLUTIONS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudiu Ramon D. BUTCULESCU

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Mediation, as an alternative dispute resolution method, is closely connected with the system of legal cultures. Mediation is an important link between legal culture and the judicial system. Mediation also acts as an interface between internal legal culture and external legal culture. This paper addresses the issues regarding the links and interactions between mediation and legal cultures, as well as the effects that arise from these interactions.

Commission on Legal Matters

CERN Multimedia

Staff Association

2016-01-01

What is a commission within the Staff Association (SA)? A commission is a working group of the CERN Staff Council, led by a staff representative. The commission is composed mainly of staff representatives, but interested members of the SA can apply to participate in the work of a commission. What is the commission on legal matters? The commission on legal matters works on texts governing the employment conditions of staff (Employed Members of Personnel and Associated Members of Personnel). This covers legal documents such as the Staff Rules and Regulations, administrative and operational circulars, as well as any other document relating to employment conditions. How is the work organised in this commission? The revision process of the text is generally done along following lines: The HR department, and its legal experts, proposes new texts or modifications to existing texts. A schedule for the study of these texts is established each year and this calendar by the commission to plan its work. The new or modi...

The Multiplication Effect of Legal Insurance

NARCIS (Netherlands)

J.P.B. De Mot (Jef); B. Depoorter (Ben); M.G. Faure (Michael)

2016-01-01

textabstractBecause legal insurance policies cover the expenses of plaintiffs in bringing legal claims, such policies increase the risk of negligent or careless acts by tortfeasors. For this reason, potential tortfeasors would prefer to avoid injuring holders of legal insurance policies. Since

Can legal research benefit from evaluation studies?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Frans L. Leeuw

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The article describes what evaluation studies have to offer to legal research. Several cases and types of evaluations are presented, in relation to legal or semi-legal questions. Also, a short overview of the contemporary history of evaluation studies is presented. Finally, it will address the question of how to ensure that in legal research and in legal training attention is paid to theories, designs and methods of evaluation studies.

45 CFR 400.115 - Establishing legal responsibility.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Establishing legal responsibility. 400.115 Section... Child Welfare Services § 400.115 Establishing legal responsibility. (a) A State must ensure that legal responsibility is established, including legal custody and/or guardianship, as appropriate, in accordance with...

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE EFFECTS OF LEGAL COMMUNICATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudiu Ramon D. Butculescu

2015-11-01

Full Text Available This article addresses some aspects of legal communication or legal effects of communication. As such, legal communication can have positive and negative effects. Both effects are briefly analyzed, and for the negative effects of legal communication we have also presented proposals to reduce the negative effects of law communication. Thus, the article presents the positive effects of right communication in various branches of law such as civil, constitutional law or tax law. On the other hand, the negative effects of communication leading to the deterioration of the legal message, so that much of the legal message becomes legal noise. Another negative effect of miscommunication of law is the phenomenon of legislative inflation, which has a profound impact on the way in which legal rules are understood and respected by community members. All these negative effects produce serious consequencesin civil law, company law, tax law, and in many other areas of law.

New Mexico Math Pathways Taskforce Report

Science.gov (United States)

New Mexico Higher Education Department, 2016

2016-01-01

In April 2015 New Mexico faculty, Dana Center staff, and New Mexico Higher Education (NMHED) co-presented the need for better math pathways statewide. Faculty from 6 institutions (New Mexico State University, New Mexico Highlands University, Dine College, Eastern New Mexico University, El Paso Community College, and San Juan College) participated…

Towards enhanced public access to legal information : A proposal for official networked one-stop legal information websites

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Mitee, Leesi Ebenezer

2018-01-01

Abstract: This article identifies the publishing of fragments of legal information on multiple, isolated official legal information websites (OLIWs) as the major factor underlying the existing problems in locating the available official online legal information of all levels of government (national,

Legal Pluralism, Private Power, and the Impact of the Financial Crisis on the Global Political Economy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edward S. Cohen

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Private corporate actors have played a central role in the construction of the legal rules of globalized capitalism over the past four decades. In no sector has this been more true than in global finance, where private agents have reshaped the norms and practices of credit creation and allocation. The global financial crisis, however, has led many states to challenge aspects of this power and raised broader questions about the legitimacy and future of private power in the global legal order(s. In this paper, I argue that –while state actors have clawed back significant power in global finance– the specific powers of credit creation and allocation combined with the structural pull of transnational legal pluralism will enable major private financial institutions to retain substantial power in the face of these challenges and questions. In the process, I present some broad suggestion about how we can think about private power in the making of global commercial law. Durante las últimas cuatro décadas, actores corporativos privados han desempeñado un papel decisivo en la construcción de las normas legales del capitalismo globalizado. En ningún sector ha sido esto más cierto que en las finanzas globales, donde los agentes privados han reformado las normas y prácticas de la creación de crédito y asignación. La crisis financiera global, sin embargo, ha llevado a muchos estados a cuestionar aspectos de este poder y planteado cuestiones más amplias acerca de la legitimidad y el futuro del poder privado en el/los ordenamiento/s jurídico/s global/es. En este trabajo se sostiene que –mientras que los actores estatales han recuperado un poder significativo en las finanzas globales– los poderes específicos de la creación de crédito y asignación combinados con la fuerza estructural del pluralismo jurídico transnacional permitirán a las principales instituciones financieras privadas retener poder sustancial ante estos retos y preguntas

Aspectos “Subjetivos” do Fetichismo da Mercadoria Cultural no Ensaio Sobre Música Popular de T. W. Adorno

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fábio César da Silva

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo, apresento uma leitura do ensaio Sobre Música Popular (1941 de T. W. Adorno (1903-1969, enfatizando os aspectos “subjetivos” do fetichismo da mercadoria cultural. Considero aspectos “subjetivos” do fetichismo quando se enfatiza o consumo de mercadorias. Esse ensaio fez parte dos resultados de pesquisa de rádio da Universidade de Princeton, feita nos Estados Unidos entre 1938 a 1940, cujo objetivo era analisar as programações radiofônicas. Focarei a leitura na seção Teoria do Ouvinte, pois nela Adorno enfatizou esses aspectos “subjetivos” por meio de análises específicas do consumo da música popular americana supondo seus modos de recepção.

Politics, religion and gender equality in contemporary Mexico: women's sexuality and reproductive rights in a contested secular state.

Science.gov (United States)

Amuchástegui, Ana; Cruz, Guadalupe; Aldaz, Evelyn; Mejía, María Consuelo

2010-01-01

This article explores the complexities of the interaction between politics, religion and gender equality in contemporary Mexico, by analysing recent developments in public debate, legal changes and implementation of government policies in two areas: 1) the inclusion of emergency contraception in public health services in 2004; and 2) the decriminalisation of abortion in Mexico City in 2008, which was followed by a massive campaign to re-criminalise abortion in the federal states. Three main findings emerge from our analysis: first, that women's sexual and reproductive autonomy has become an issue of intense public debate that is being addressed by both state-public policy and society; second, that the gradual democratisation of the Mexican political system and society is forcing the Catholic Church to play by the rules of democracy; and third, that the character and nature of the Mexican (secular) state has become an arena of intense struggle within which traditional political boundaries and ideologies are being reconfigured.

The International Atomic Energy Agency: activities and relationship with Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abud Osuna, Javier.

1987-01-01

Legal and political studies on the activities of the IAEA infer that the pacific uses of nuclear energy become more significant every day in the ambit of international relationships. The studies analyze as a whole relationships among member states. The first part is divided into four chapters, starting with the background and creation of the agency, its structure, statutes, amendments and the performance of its main organisms. It continues to describe mechanisms and programmes carried out, including cooperation agreements between the IAEA and other specialized organizations in the United Nations. It ends up with the IAEA performance resulting from different treaties. The second part examines Mexican norms on nuclear matter as well as relationships between Mexico and the IAEA. It demonstrates that achievements in the Agency have been possible because of the establishment of an international cooperation basis, which avoids duplicity of actions. The conclusions recommend joint efforts from both the developed and the developing countries in the following: a) to imbue public opinion with the goodness of nuclear energy; b) to discourage the construction and operation of nuclear installations; c) to unify national standards on nuclear safety and control; d) to decrease export restrictions, based on safeguards; e) to promote internal nuclear research in Mexico or throught regional integration agreements, with technical assistance and support from the IAEA. (author)

English Teaching in Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Salazar, Denise

2002-01-01

Discusses teaching English in Mexico, a country with important social, cultural, and economic ties to the United States. Looks at the various English teaching situations as well as teacher education for teachers in Mexico. Concludes that the English teaching situation in Mexico reflects great diversity and growth, and that the knowledge of English…

Regulator process for the authorization of an amendment to the operation license of a nuclear power plant in Mexico; Proceso regulador para la autorizacion de una enmienda a la licencia de operacion de una central nuclear en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Perez, R.; Espinosa V, J.M.; Salgado, J.R.; Mamani, Y.R. [CNSNS, Dr. Barragan 779, Col. Narvarte, 03020 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

2005-07-01

The regulator process by which an authorization is granted from an amendment to the License of Operation of a nuclear power station in Mexico is described. It makes an appointment the effective legal mark, the technical characteristics of the modification, the evaluation process and deposition upon oath of tests and finally the elaboration of the Safety report and the Technical Verdict that is a correspondent for the regulator organism to the Secretary of Energy, the one that in turn is the responsible of granting the amendment the License just as it establishes it the Law. (Author)

Should Drugs Be Legalized?

Science.gov (United States)

Chambliss, William; Scorza, Thomas

1989-01-01

Presents two opposing viewpoints concerning the legalization of drugs. States that control efforts are not cost effective and suggests that legalization with efforts at education is a better course of action (W. Chambliss). The opposing argument contends that the cost in human suffering negates any savings in dollars gained through legalization…

Legal Coordinator | IDRC - International Development Research ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Develops systems and procedures for administering and tracking legal undertakings, coordinates and consolidates the legal information in order to meet deadlines. • Collaborates with the Secretary and General Counsel to ensure that all legal issues are handled efficiently, while respecting the highly confidential nature of ...

Continuity with Creole Epic and Innovation in the «History of New Mexico», 1610

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Cebollero

2017-11-01

Full Text Available This is an introductory study to Gaspar de Villagrá’s History of New Mexico (1610 in the context of the Cortés epic cycle tradition. The concept of «epic continuity» is utilized in order to better understand how the poem adheres to epic tradition at the same time that it goes through formal changes needed for its renovation. Part of the renovation is the inclusion of prose as a legal defense strategy, and its use as a vehicle for the struggles of Mexican Creoles. It is proposed that this poem belongs in a Frontier Creole epic sub-cycle.

Legal clinic gender sensitive method for law students

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Petrušić Nevena

2008-01-01

Full Text Available In this paper, the authors discuss models of integrating gender issues, gender perspective and some gender aspects into the university education. In that context, the authors particularly focus on the concept of clinical legal education in legal clinics offering a specific practical model of teaching gender studies. Legal clinics provide for an innovative approach to gender education of prospective legal professional. The teaching method used in these legal clinics is aimed at raising students' awareness of gender issues and common gender-related biases. In the recent period, the Legal Clinic at the Law Faculty in Niš has achieved excellent results in the Clinical legal education program on the women's rights protection, which clearly proves that legal clinics have good prospects in general legal education.

The Legal Ethical Backbone of Conscientious Refusal

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Munthe, Christian; Nielsen, Morten Ebbe Juul

2017-01-01

This article analyzes the idea of a legal right to conscientious refusal for healthcare professionals from a basic legal ethical standpoint, using refusal to perform tasks related to legal abortion (in cases of voluntary employment) as a case in point. The idea of a legal right to conscientious...... refusal is distinguished from ideas regarding moral rights or reasons related to conscientious refusal, and none of the latter are found to support the notion of a legal right. Reasons for allowing some sort of room for conscientious refusal for healthcare professionals based on the importance of cultural...... identity and the fostering of a critical atmosphere might provide some support, if no countervailing factors apply. One such factor is that a legal right to healthcare professionals’ conscientious refusal must comply with basic legal ethical tenets regarding the rule of law and equal treatment...

New Mexico Parks

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — This dataset provides an initial version of the locations of parks in New Mexico, in point form, with limited attributes, compiled using available data from a...

Los aspectos socioculturales de la migración en la frontera norte

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oscar Priego Hernández

2011-12-01

Full Text Available México se considera el país de emigrantes más importante del mundo y Estados Unidos el principal país de inmigrantes. Su posición geográfica en la frontera Norte lo convierten atractivo para los flujos migratorios de los países centroamericanos. Hoy enfrenta los retos de la crisis financiera internacional de los últimos años que afecta las economías y las relaciones bilaterales. Este trabajo consiste en realizar un estudio de la problemática de los aspectos socioculturales provocada por la migración de personas, analizar fortalezas y debilidades, identificar los nuevos aspectos de la migración y proponer alternativas para mejorar las condiciones de vida de los migrantes mexicanos.

Legal capital: an outdated concept

OpenAIRE

John Armour

2006-01-01

This paper reviews the case for and against mandatory legal capital rules. It is argued that legal capital is no longer an appropriate means of safeguarding creditors' interests. This is most clearly the case as regards mandatory rules. Moreover, it is suggested that even an 'opt in' (or default) legal capital regime is unlikely to be a useful mechanism. However, the advent of regulatory arbitrage in European corporate law will provide a way of gathering information regarding investors' prefe...

Legal Regimes of Official Information in Ukraine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Serhii Yesimov

2018-04-01

Full Text Available In the article on the basis of the methodology of system analysis the legal nature and sources of legal regulation of the legal regime of official information in Ukraine in the conditions of adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to the legislation of the European Union are considered. A comparative legal analysis of official information in the public-law and private-law spheres in the context of legal regimes of restricted information, confidential information and information classified as state secrets has been conducted.

Economic and legal consequences of concluded apparent legal on national interests in Montenegro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vuksanović Draginja

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Concluding contracts on long-term leases of state-owned properties, beaches and bathing grounds should bring about positive economic effects through the payment of lease fees and the construction of tourist complexes, which in turn should be reflected on the development of tourism, and therefore on a better quality of life of citizens. In order to have legal effect, a contract as a legal transaction must be concluded in accordance with positive legal regulations. The respect for the institution of public order is the only condition limiting the fundamental principle of the law of obligations - the freedom of contract (autonomy of will. Through a detailed legal analysis, we want to draw attention to the examples of contracts on long-term leases that are unlawful. It is a particular type of apparent legal transactions (simulated contracts, because in concluding contracts on long-term leases of state-owned property, leases are simulated in public, while the contracts actually contain elements of sales. It is particularly interesting that the lessor in the concluded contracts is a relevant state authority (a ministry, on whose behalf the contract is signed by an authorized representative who had also led the negotiations with foreign investors. The consequences of such contracts negatively influence the economic development, tourism industry, and therefore also the standard of living of citizens.

The Legal Ethical Backbone of Conscientious Refusal.

Science.gov (United States)

Munthe, Christian; Nielsen, Morten Ebbe Juul

2017-01-01

This article analyzes the idea of a legal right to conscientious refusal for healthcare professionals from a basic legal ethical standpoint, using refusal to perform tasks related to legal abortion (in cases of voluntary employment) as a case in point. The idea of a legal right to conscientious refusal is distinguished from ideas regarding moral rights or reasons related to conscientious refusal, and none of the latter are found to support the notion of a legal right. Reasons for allowing some sort of room for conscientious refusal for healthcare professionals based on the importance of cultural identity and the fostering of a critical atmosphere might provide some support, if no countervailing factors apply. One such factor is that a legal right to healthcare professionals' conscientious refusal must comply with basic legal ethical tenets regarding the rule of law and equal treatment, and this requirement is found to create serious problems for those wishing to defend the idea under consideration. We conclude that the notion of a legal right to conscientious refusal for any profession is either fundamentally incompatible with elementary legal ethical requirements, or implausible because it undermines the functioning of a related professional sector (healthcare) or even of society as a whole.

First discussion for fostering the photovoltaic energy in Mexico; Primer coloquio para el fomento de la energia fotovoltaica en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2007-06-15

The varied spheres (political, environmental, economic, scientific and social) day by day are looking for the key issues, which are going to make them to preserve or disappear either in the present or in the future. Therefore, it was carried out the first conversation in the State of Zacatecas, Mexico. Here there were shown different advances related to the renewable energies by those spheres. Generally speaking, it was in this event where there were gather together private and government organs in order to present every issue related to the use and to the promotion of the renewable energies. By these means, it was probed that the renewable energies are: the current market, the groundbreaking technology, the best option friendly-environment, the panacea for the society and for the improvement of the economy of many countries both developing countries and developed countries. The renewable energy topic is seen from different point of views. [Spanish] Las diferentes esferas que rigen el dia a dia; es decir, la politica, el medio ambiente, la economia, las ciencias y la sociedad, siempre estan en busca de cuestiones que las hagan crecer y evolucionar para asi seguir ocupando un espacio no solo en el presente sino tambien en el futuro. En esta ocasion fue en el primer coloquio, realizado en el Estado de Zacatecas, Mexico, donde dichas esferas se reunieron con el fin de mostrar sus diversos avances acerca de las energias fotovoltaicas. En otras palabras, fue en este coloquio donde se reunieron organos privados y gubernamentales con el fin de mostrar todo lo relacionado con el uso y la promocion de las energias renovables. Comprobando que las energias renovables son tanto: el mercado de hoy, la tecnologia de punta, la mejor opcion ambiental, la panacea para la sociedad y para la mejora de la economia de muchos paises en vias de desarrollo y de primer mundo. En estas ponencias no solo se habla de las energias renovables desde un aspecto cientifico, sino tambien financiero

Over-the-counter but out of reach: a pharmacy-based survey of OTC syringe sales in Tijuana, Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Pollini, Robin A; Gallardo, Manuel; Ruiz, Serena; Case, Patricia; Zaller, Nickolas; Lozada, Remedios

2014-05-01

Sterile syringe access is critical to HIV prevention efforts targeting injection drug users (IDUs) but some pharmacies do not sell syringes over-the-counter (OTC) even where such sales are legal. We conducted a pharmacy survey in Tijuana, Mexico (where OTC sales are legal) to characterize attitudes toward syringe sales and to explore support for expanding pharmacy-based HIV prevention efforts. Of 203 respondents, 28% supported OTC syringe sales to IDUs and 74% said their pharmacy required a prescription for at least some syringe sales. Support for OTC syringe sales was independently associated with selling OTC syringes, understanding the role of sterile syringes in HIV prevention, and recognizing pharmacies as an important health resource for IDUs. Most respondents supported an expanded role for pharmacies in HIV prevention, exclusive of OTC syringe sales. Our study provides information for developing interventions to promote OTC syringe sales and expanding pharmacy-based distribution of HIV-related information and resources.

Civil legal responsibility for environmental pollution

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pajtić Bojan L.

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Serbia's EU accession process has actualised the need to harmonise our legislation with the common legal regulations of the European community of nations. The accelerated economic growth produces environmental challenges associated with harmful emissions. This paper gives an account of international declarations, conventions, directives and other state and civil society instruments of legal protection against the environmental damage. A special focus is placed on our positive legislation and enforcement of legal regulations in ensuring the civil legal responsibility, i.e. prevention of the occurrence of damage and indemnification for the damage caused.

LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amelia-Raluca ONIŞOR

2016-05-01

Full Text Available The research analyses the legal effects of mergers and acquisitions from the Romanian Company Law perspective, underlining certain general principles, the procedure of annulment of such a legal transformation of companies and the protection of the employees of companies participating in the merger according to the Law no. 67/2006. These consequences of mergers and acquisions are to be seen in the broader light of the most important purpose of this legal instrument, maximizing financial and organizational efficiencies, thus legal certainty is a desirable goal to be assumed by any merger regulation.

Radon availability in New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McLemore, V.T.

1995-01-01

The New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources (NMBMMR) in cooperation with the Radiation Licensing and Registration Section of the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have been evaluating geologic and soil conditions that may contribute to elevated levels of indoor radon throughout New Mexico. Various data have been integrated and interpreted in order to determine areas of high radon availability. The purpose of this paper is to summarize some of these data for New Mexico and to discuss geologic controls on the distribution of radon. Areas in New Mexico have been identified from these data as having a high radon availability. It is not the intent of this report to alarm the public, but to provide data on the distribution of radon throughout New Mexico

Aspectos metodologicos de la medición en el sitio de ocurrencia de lesiones por accidentes de tráfico Methodological aspects of measuring injuries from traffic accidents at the site of occurrence

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martha C. Híjar-Medina

1997-02-01

Full Text Available Os acidentes de trânsito de veículos a motor representam problema de saúde pública, em nível mundial. No México, a pesquisa, nesse campo, é limitada e a metodologia para seu estudo é pouco desenvolvida. Na literatura científica internacional são escassos os artigos que discutem os aspectos metodológicos de pesquisa nesse campo. Assim, realizou-se estudo com o objetivo de apresentar alguns aspectos metodológicos úteis para os interessados em pesquisar lesões por acidentes de trânsito. Foram discutidos aspectos sobre como medir, no local de ocorrência, as variáveis básicas para o estudo dessas lesões, tais como: se o motorista sofreu ou não lesões, uso de cinto de segurança, velocidade e consumo de álcool.Los accidentes de tráfico de vehículos de motor, representan un problema de Salud Pública a nivel mundial. En México la investigación en este campo es limitada y la metodología para su estudio está poco desarrollada. Por otro lado, son relativamente escasos los artículos publicados en revistas científicas internacionales que abunden, en la discusión sobre aspectos metodológicos de la investigación. El objetivo del trabajo es el presentar algunas consideraciones metodológicas que pueden ser de utilidad para los investigadores interesados en el tema de las lesiones por accidentes de tráfico. Se discuten aspectos que deben tenerse en cuenta cuando se miden en el sitio de ocurrencia algunas variables fundamentales para el estudio de las lesiones, como son: Si el conductor está o no lesionado, uso de cinturón de seguridad, velocidad y consumo de alcohol.Traffic accidents are a well-known public health problem worldwide. In Mexico research into risk factors for motor involving vehicles accidents and their consequences has recentlly been taken into account. The relevant literature does not normally describe the methodological aspects involved in the collection of primary data, since most studies have used secondary

Legal mentality: the interpretation of the scientific discourse

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ігор Олексійович Поліщук

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the specifics of the interpretation of «legal mentality ‘category in different scientific concepts. The most authoritative study of the mentality directions: social psychology, which is based on the sociological theory of E. Durkheim; general psychology, theory of archetypes as the basis of the «collective unconscious,» K. Jung, the concept of «social character», V. Rayh. Legal mentality – a deep, well-established system of views and opinions of a particular social group, class, stratum, people, nation or community to another institute of law, peculiarities of its application and role in society. The specifics of the legal mentality lies in its visual Depending on historical traditions and culture of a particular nation. This necessitates mandatory accounting features of the legal mentality of the people in the legislative process. Formation of legal culture of the people is impossible without its primer on its historical traditions, culture and language. Revival Ukrainian legal culture consistent with modern legal policy polyarchy. Despite the trend of integration of their own political, economic and legal systems in the European community of the European Union member states to carefully refer to the national legal traditions. National mentality and its features are reflected in the legal submissions which are contained in proverbs, sayings, myths, thoughts, tales, is the oral form of manifestation of the people's legal culture, as well as reflected in the customs, traditions, ways of working, which were made in the legal daily on throughout the history of the people. In addition, the features appear in the national legal notions and reactions in relation to such objects of political and legal reality as a state, local government, law, crime, punishment, the court, the trial, the political leaders, customs reform, civil servants, family, inheritance, labor, property, and so on. It is noted that in legal science

Action-Based Jurisprudence: Praxeological Legal Theory in Relation to Economic Theory, Ethics, and Legal Practice

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Konrad Graf

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Action-based legal theory is a discrete branch of praxeology and the basis of an emerging school of jurisprudence related to, but distinct from, natural law. Legal theory and economic theory share content that is part of praxeology itself: the action axiom, the a priori of argumentation, universalizable property theory, and counterfactual-deductive methodology. Praxeological property-norm justification is separate from the strictly ethical “ought” question of selecting ends in an action context. Examples of action-based jurisprudence are found in existing “Austro-libertarian” literature. Legal theory and legal practice must remain distinct and work closely together if justice is to be found in real cases. Legal theorizing was shaped in religious ethical contexts, which contributed to confused field boundaries between law and ethics. The carrot and stick influence of rulers on theorists has distorted conventional economics and jurisprudence in particular directions over the course of centuries. An action-based approach is relatively immune to such sources of distortion in its methods and conclusions, but has tended historically to be marginalized from conventional institutions for this same reason.

Mexico's nuclear paradox

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Redclift, M.

1989-01-01

Opposition to Mexico's nuclear reactors at Laguna Verde has grown during the last two years. The nuclear programme is blamed for being expensive and wasteful, and the decision to rely on the USA contradicts Mexico's espoused policy of greater independence from the USA. The way in which petroleum revenues were used to precipitate the nuclear option is compared with the lack of urgency given to renewable energy and greater energy efficiency. From a social and environmental perspective, as well as an economic one, Mexico's nuclear programme is judged expensive and irrelevant. (author)

Planificación estratégica: aspectos introductorios (II)

OpenAIRE

Galindo Reyes, Fuensanta Carmen; De la Varga Salto, José María

2016-01-01

Transparencias como material docente para la asignatura de Administración de Organizaciones. Se corresponden con la etapa primera del proceso administrativo de las organizaciones, la planificación estratégica. En concreto, incluyen aspectos introductorios relacionados con el análisis del entorno y el análisis interno, así como con el concepto y las características de los objetivos estratégicos.

Organizational Factors Affecting Legalization in Education.

Science.gov (United States)

Meyer, John W.

Legalization here refers to the introduction into the educational system of new legal rules, emanating from outside the routine channels of educational management. It includes general legal rules from legislation, from the courts, or from higher administrative levels. The key to the definition is lack of integration of the new rules with the main…

Morocco : Legal and Judicial Sector Assessment

OpenAIRE

World Bank

2003-01-01

The overall legal framework in Morocco is not a priority area for reform. The law-making process, however, is weak, resulting in poorly drafted laws, and legal dissemination is inadequate. Legal education relies upon outdated curricula and is offered in competing languages, French and Arabic, the selection of which largely determines students' choices for future employment. The training of...

The Theory of the Legal State

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. J. Du Plessis

1981-03-01

Full Text Available In this article, which has not been published before, the late Prof. du Plessis lays bare the philosophical roots of the liberal-democratic state, or the legal state, as he preferred to call it. After a recapitulative version of the theory of the legal state, het indicates the origin of this form in Greek philosophy and in Medieval thought. The stress, however, is on the Modem Era, in which he distinuishes two main periods in the development of the theory of the legal state:the jusnaturalistic period and thepositivistic or formal period.He argues that positivism has destroyed the original ideal o f individual freedom in facts by regarding justice as a purely formal matter susceptible to any content. All guarantees for individual freedom which rested on a universal normative system fe ll away. The state defines its own competence and limits itself to legal forms in all its activities. The legal state thus merely becomes the state, any state as determined by fixed rules o f its own making to which it binds itselfin all its functioning. Law sinks to a mere form in which the juristic personality of the state manifests its supremacy, and from this there is only one step to the concept that the state is identical with law, so that any state necessarily is a legal state, and any state action which is formally correct, is legal. The article concludes with a brief representation o f the author’s own political and legal vision.

The Legalization of Higher Education

Science.gov (United States)

Badke, Lara K.

2017-01-01

A complete discussion of intellectual property (IP), faculty rights, and the public good requires a thorough framing of higher education's legal context, from which the rise of legalistic criteria (or legalization) and current IP regime have grown.

The Legal Regulation of Cybersecurity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Darius Štitilis

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Cybercrime has become a global phenomenon, which is causing more harm to individual citizens, organizations, society and the state. Most countries in the world compare cybercrime with offences such as terrorism and drug trafficking due to its risks and profitability. Cybersecurity is the central category to fight cybercrime in cyberspace. Therefore, the strategic legal regulation of cybersecurity is one of the most relevant problems in EU, including Lithuania. So far cybersecurity legal regulation analysis in scientific literature has been rather limited. The European Commission, together with the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, has published a cybersecurity strategy alongside a Commission proposed directive on network and information security (NIS. The cybersecurity strategy – “An Open, Safe and Secure Cyberspace” - represents the EU’s comprehensive vision on how best to prevent and respond to cyber disruptions and attacks. The purpose of its is to further European values of freedom and democracy and ensure the digital economy can safely grow. Specific actions are aimed at enhancing cyber resilience of information systems, reducing cybercrime and strengthening EU international cyber-security policy and cyber defence. The main goal of the paper is to analyze and compare the EU cybersecurity strategy and experience of several foreign countries with the strategic legal regulation of cybersecurity in Lithuania. The article consists of four parts. The first part dealt with the EU cybersecurity strategy. The second part of the article examines the comparative aspect of foreign cybersecurity strategic legal regulation. The third part deals with attempts in Lithuania to draft cybersecurity law and the holistic approach of cybersecurity legal regulation. The fourth part examines Lithuanian cybersecurity strategy and comments on the main probleas related with the strategy. Several different approaches

Eugenia vinculada a aspectos bioéticos: uma revisão integrativa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vanessa Cruz Santos

Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo é analisar o que versam as produções científicas sobre eugenia, vinculando-as com aspectos bioéticos. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura. Os dados foram coletados nas bases de dados Lilacs e SciELO, por meio dos descritores: eugenia, etnia e saúde, ética e bioética. Para a análise e posterior síntese dos artigos foi utilizada figura sinóptica. Verificou-se que a eugenia viola os direitos humanos, contradiz com o princípio da solidariedade e coloca em risco a diversidade humana. Conclui-se que houve déficit de artigos que abordem aspectos bioéticos vinculados à eugenia, assim, este estudo poderá contribuir para a reflexão sobre essa articulação.

Mexico: Rasgos de Su Historia. (Mexico: Highlights of Its History).

Science.gov (United States)

Orozco, Cecilio

Intended for both teachers and students, this publication, written in Spanish, briefly traces Mexico's history from its Conquest in 1519 to the overthrow of Porfirio Diaz in 1910. The following are briefly discussed: Mexico's Conquest in 1519; events immediately after the fall of Tenochtitlan; the War for Independence; Texas' separation from…

Calibrating Legal Judgments

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Frederick Schauer

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Objective to study the notion and essence of legal judgments calibration the possibilities of using it in the lawenforcement activity to explore the expenses and advantages of using it. Methods dialectic approach to the cognition of social phenomena which enables to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the integrity of objective and subjective factors it determined the choice of the following research methods formallegal comparative legal sociological methods of cognitive psychology and philosophy. Results In ordinary life people who assess other peoplersaquos judgments typically take into account the other judgments of those they are assessing in order to calibrate the judgment presently being assessed. The restaurant and hotel rating website TripAdvisor is exemplary because it facilitates calibration by providing access to a raterrsaquos previous ratings. Such information allows a user to see whether a particular rating comes from a rater who is enthusiastic about every place she patronizes or instead from someone who is incessantly hard to please. And even when less systematized as in assessing a letter of recommendation or college transcript calibration by recourse to the decisional history of those whose judgments are being assessed is ubiquitous. Yet despite the ubiquity and utility of such calibration the legal system seems perversely to reject it. Appellate courts do not openly adjust their standard of review based on the previous judgments of the judge whose decision they are reviewing nor do judges in reviewing legislative or administrative decisions magistrates in evaluating search warrant representations or jurors in assessing witness perception. In most legal domains calibration by reference to the prior decisions of the reviewee is invisible either because it does not exist or because reviewing bodies are unwilling to admit using what they in fact know and employ. Scientific novelty for the first

Aspectos valorizados por porfissionais de enfermagem na higiene pessoal e na higiene corporal do paciente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elóide André Oliveira

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Survey descritivo, com o qual se objetivou identificar que aspectos da higiene corporal são valorizados pelos componentes da equipe de enfermagem, na higiene corporal pessoal e na higiene corporal do paciente. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em oito instituições públicas de saúde e a amostra foi composta por 126 profissionais de enfermagem, correspondendo a 12,8% do total de 986 componentes das equipes de enfermagem destas instituições. Na higiene corporal pessoal, chamou a atenção o fato de que os cuidados com as unhas e com os cabelos tenham suplantado, no número de citações dos profissionais de enfermagem, aspectos básicos como o cuidado com as mãos. Na higiene corporal do paciente, o banho foi o aspecto considerado mais importante pelas três categorias profissionais; a higiene oral, pelas(os enfermeiras(os e auxiliares de enfermagem; e as unhas, pelas(os enfermeiras(os e técnicas(os de enfermagem.

The users of legal information

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabio Assis Pinho

2012-04-01

Full Text Available The decision making needs must be based on current and reliable information, especially in legal environments. In Brazil, the changes in legislation are constants because of the enactments of the provisional measures. In this sense, it is necessary to know the sources and changes to satisfy the needs of users of legal area. Therefore, through an exploratory research, it aimed to do a user study, experts on legal aspects in the law library of the Regional Procurator of the Republic of the 5th Region (Brazil, which is a unit belonging to Brazil's Federal Public Ministry, with the use of a questionnaire as data collection tool. The results shows that users of legal information is more demanding and expert in their search and uses various sources, because their information needs has a high degree of difficulty.

Legal Marketing and Lawyer's Communication

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sara Casolaro

2016-09-01

Full Text Available The application of marketing strategies to the law firm represents a breakthrough in Italy which has struggled to establish itself as a result of a culture based on a strict code of ethics. However, in recent years there has been a turnaround and the benefits arising from the application to legal profession of the typical principles of enterprises are increasingly evident.   Il marketing legale e la comunicazione dell’avvocato L’applicazione delle strategie di marketing allo studio legale rappresenta un’innovazione che in Italia ha stentato a imporsi a causa di una cultura basata su una rigida deontologia. Tuttavia, negli ultimi anni vi è stata un’inversione di tendenza e i benefici derivanti dall’applicazione alla professione forense dei princìpi tipici delle imprese sono sempre più evidenti. Parole chiave: marketing, studio legale, comunicazione

Legal Translation Dictionaries for Learners

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Sandro

2010-01-01

in conditional clauses. When translating into languages not allowing such structures, for instance, English and French, learners need their legal translation dictionaries to help them with both the legal terms and the syntactic structures. The uses of textual conventions that characterise the legal genre vary....... Lexicographers should therefore design their dictionaries so that they contain intra-lingual or contrastive descriptions of the relevant genre conventions. As illustrated in Nielsen (2000) whether the best solution is to retain the genre conventions found in the SL text or to adopt the conventions used in TL...

78 FR 14983 - Fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico; Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-08

... the Gulf of Mexico; Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting AGENCY: National Marine... of Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council Spanish Mackerel and Cobia Stock Assessment Review Workshop. SUMMARY: Independent peer review of Gulf of Mexico Spanish Mackerel and Cobia stocks will be...

Aspectos bioéticos del consentimiento informado en investigación con población vulnerable

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabio Alberto Garzón Díaz

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo es el resultado de 10 años de investigación en el tema del Consentimiento Informado en Investigación Biomédica. Este artículo presenta un análisis sistemático de los aspectos teóricos y prácticos del consentimiento informado en personas y poblaciones vulnerables. Aborda la cuestión a partir de todos los ángulos pertinentes, desde el histórico hasta el jurídico, pasando por la fundamentación filosófica, psicológica, antropológica y didáctica del consentimiento informado. La profundidad en el recorrido por los aspectos teóricos se ve complementada por la presentación de los aspectos más prácticos, que llega hasta la formulación de propuestas muy concretas para la mejora del consentimiento informado.

Minimally legally invasive dentistry.

Science.gov (United States)

Lam, R

2014-12-01

One disadvantage of the rapid advances in modern dentistry is that treatment options have never been more varied or confusing. Compounded by a more educated population greatly assisted by online information in an increasingly litigious society, a major concern in recent times is increased litigation against health practitioners. The manner in which courts handle disputes is ambiguous and what is considered fair or just may not be reflected in the judicial process. Although legal decisions in Australia follow a doctrine of precedent, the law is not static and is often reflected by community sentiment. In medical litigation, this has seen the rejection of the Bolam principle with a preference towards greater patient rights. Recent court decisions may change the practice of dentistry and it is important that the clinician is not caught unaware. The aim of this article is to discuss legal issues that are pertinent to the practice of modern dentistry through an analysis of legal cases that have shaped health law. Through these discussions, the importance of continuing professional development, professional association and informed consent will be realized as a means to limit the legal complications of dental practice. © 2014 Australian Dental Association.

Binational Teacher Development: Teacher Ambassador Exchange Program, New Mexico, USA and Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Habermann, Mary Jean

The report describes the rationale for and history of an exchange program for Nuevo Leon (Mexico) and New Mexico bilingual education teachers. The program evolved from the need to help Spanish-speaking students maintain their own language and culture while in the United States. New Mexico's state policy concerning language-minority children and…

Aspectos biopsicossociais na surdocegueira Bio psycho social aspects in deaf blindness

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Susana Maria Mana de Aráoz

2008-04-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir aspectos biopssicossociais referentes a pessoas com surdocegueira e suas famílias com o objetivo trazer a tona estas questões que se tem mostrado importantes para o desenvolvimento dos atendimentos aos surdocegos. Está baseado em dados bibliográficos de pesquisas com pais e outras divulgações abordando as causas que são, principalmente, Rubéola Congênita, prematuridade, infecções, acidentes, síndromes genéticas ou não. Coloca as conseqüências das mesmas, o desenvolvimento educacional alcançado e as necessidades das famílias em aspectos ligadas às áreas da saúde, educação, lazer, segurança e inclusão social. Também trata da adaptação das famílias ao impacto produzido pela surdocegueira tendo em conta aspectos orgânicos, afetivo-relacional, sócio-culturais e de produtividade. Reflete sobre a necessidade da divulgação dos conhecimentos e da ação conjunta de todas as partes envolvidas nos mais diversos aspectos da vida dos surdocegos para conseguir o desenvolvimento dos atendimentos para os surdocegos.The objective of the present article is to discuss bio-psycho-social aspects related to people with deaf blindness and their families so as to highlight those issues that have become important for the development of working methods in deaf blindness. It is based on bibliographic data found in research with parents of deaf blind children and other publications that deal with the causes of the condition. The main causes are congenital German measles, prematurity, infection, genetic or non genetic syndromes. The authors discuss the results of the various presentations, the expected educational development and the needs of the families in aspects related to health, education, leisure, safety and social inclusion. They also discusses issues of family adaptation to the impact produced by deaf blindness, taking into account organic, social-cultural, affect and inter

Mexico Wind Resource Assessment Project

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schwartz, M.N.; Elliott, D.L.

1995-05-01

A preliminary wind energy resource assessment of Mexico that produced wind resource maps for both utility-scale and rural applications was undertaken as part of the Mexico-U.S. Renewable Energy Cooperation Program. This activity has provided valuable information needed to facilitate the commercialization of small wind turbines and windfarms in Mexico and to lay the groundwork for subsequent wind resource activities. A surface meteorological data set of hourly data in digital form was utilized to prepare a more detailed and accurate wind resource assessment of Mexico than otherwise would have been possible. Software was developed to perform the first ever detailed analysis of the wind characteristics data for over 150 stations in Mexico. The hourly data set was augmented with information from weather balloons (upper-air data), ship wind data from coastal areas, and summarized wind data from sources in Mexico. The various data were carefully evaluated for their usefulness in preparing the wind resource assessment. The preliminary assessment has identified many areas of good-to-excellent wind resource potential and shows that the wind resource in Mexico is considerably greater than shown in previous surveys.

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE EFFECTS OF LEGAL COMMUNICATION

OpenAIRE

Claudiu Ramon D. Butculescu

2015-01-01

This article addresses some aspects of legal communication or legal effects of communication. As such, legal communication can have positive and negative effects. Both effects are briefly analyzed, and for the negative effects of legal communication we have also presented proposals to reduce the negative effects of law communication. Thus, the article presents the positive effects of right communication in various branches of law such as civil, constitutional law or tax law. On th...

Studying Legal Cultures and Encounters?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Petersen, Hanne

2015-01-01

This article discusses the cultural and other turns in relation to legal culture and situates Western legal culture in context. It deals with concepts and their relations to trends and fashions and introduces methodological reflections such as use of interdisciplinary methods, personal experience...

Legal Principles and Legislative Instrumentalism

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Gribnau, J.L.M.; Soeteman, A.

2003-01-01

Instrumentalist legislation usually underestimates the importance of legal principles in modern law. Legal principles are the normative core of a value oriented conception of law. They function as essential criteria of evaluation for lawmaking by the legislator and the executive. In fact,

Linguagem e aspectos visuo-espaciais : uma abordagem neurolinguistica

OpenAIRE

Carla Queiroz Pereira

2006-01-01

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa é investigar como o sujeito JS - não afásico após sofrer três acidentes vasculares cerebrais isquêmicos (AVCi?s) que lesionaram regiões parieto-occipitais de ambos os hemisférios cerebrais - realiza determinadas atividades lingüístico-cognitivas que envolvem aspectos vísuo-espaciais relacionados ao corpo, à escrita, à leitura de textos e de horas. Com base na Neurolingüística discursivamente orientada, na Neuropsicologia luriana e nas bases biológ...

€œLegal Boundaries of Online Advertising"

OpenAIRE

Gürkaynak, Gönenç; Yılmaz, İlay; Yeşilaltay, Burak

2014-01-01

This contribution discusses the legal framework of online advertising and common legal issues pertaining thereto. This paper also addresses the implementation of general legal provisions to online advertising issues in different jurisdictions and the diversity of approaches. It provides the legal boundaries that are specifically applicable to online advertising. The paper then provides a legal analysis on online advertising with a focus on Turkish laws and practice. In the conclusion, there a...

Mexico, the challenge of integrating renewable energy into the grid; México, el reto de la integración de las energias

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martínez Aranda, R.

2016-07-01

Mexico is the second largest market in Latin America’s renewable energy sector and the one that offers the highest growth potential. During a time of transition in which the rules of the market are being redefined and technical standards updated, applications for pre-feasibility studies up until 2018 have already exceeded 27,400 MW. For this trend to consolidate, a legal framework and robust technique is critical that satisfies the interests of both the public and the developers, without compromising electrical grid stability. (Author)

9 CFR 93.427 - Cattle from Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cattle from Mexico. 93.427 Section 93... CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Ruminants Mexico 10 § 93.427 Cattle from Mexico. (a) Cattle and other ruminants imported from Mexico, except animals being transported in bond for immediate return to Mexico or...

Legal Knowledge and Agility in Public Administration

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Boer, A.; van Engers, T.

2013-01-01

To address agility in public administration, we have developed a knowledge acquisition infrastructure for legal knowledge, based on an implementation-oriented conceptualization of the legal system. Our objective is to reframe legal knowledge as a knowledge source in a design-oriented task ontology,

Legal Quality, Inequality, and Tolerance

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjørnskov, Christian

Previous findings suggest that income inequality leads to lower legal quality. This paper argues that voters' tolerance of inequality exerts an additional influence. Empirical findings suggest that inequality leads to lower legal quality due to its effect on trust while the tolerance of inequality...

Legal Quality, Inequality, and Tolerance

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjørnskov, Christian

2004-01-01

Previous findings suggest that income inequality leads to lower legal quality. This paper argues that voters' tolerance of inequality exerts an additional influence. Empirical findings suggest that inequality leads to lower legal quality due to its effect on trust while the tolerance of inequality...

Legal highs on the Internet.

Science.gov (United States)

Hillebrand, Jennifer; Olszewski, Deborah; Sedefov, Roumen

2010-02-01

This article describes the findings of a descriptive analysis of 27 online drug retailers selling legal alternatives to illegal drugs, commonly referred to as "herbal highs" and "legal highs" in 2008 . The study attempted to quantify the online availability of drug retailers, to describe common products and characteristics in EU-based retail sales. The findings highlight the concern about the lack of objective information about products offered, including potential risks to health. Systems should be developed to assess the contents of products and the accuracy of information provided on the Internet, alongside continued monitoring of this market for "legal high" substances.

[Taxation and tobacco control: the cases of Brazil and Mexico].

Science.gov (United States)

de Miera-Juárez, Belén Sáenz; Iglesias, Roberto

2010-01-01

This study analyzes the achievements, obstacles and challenges related to cigarette taxes in Brazil and Mexico. Both countries have increased cigarette taxes in recent years and have included a specific tax, which allows maximizing the impact of tax increases on prices. However, it seems they have not taken full advantage of these measures. Three recommendations follow from these experiences: 1) specific taxes must represent a significant percentage of final prices; 2) specific taxes must be regularly adjusted to keep pace with cumulative inflation; and 3) specific taxes must be adjusted to compensate increases in personal income. It is also important to consider that taxes on legal substitutes of cigarettes must be similar to cigarette taxes. As for illegal substitutes, the issue is to reduce the incentives for illicit trade and to make illegal transactions more difficult. Modifications to national legislation and international cooperation constitute key elements to achieve this.

[Abortion and physicians in training: the opinion of medical students in Mexico City

Science.gov (United States)

González De León Aguirre D; Salinas Urbina AA

1997-04-01

This research project explores doctors' views regarding induced abortion. Abortion's penalization in Mexico greatly conditions its relevance as a social and public health problem. Physicians constitute a professional sector that can play an important role in reforming current laws on abortion. As a professional group, they have taken a conservative stance towards abortion. Their attitudes are to a great extent influenced by the medical training they receive. In this article we present results from a survey of 96 medical students from the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, in Mexico City. Data were processed with the SPSS program. Simple frequencies show that students have limited knowledge concerning the legal status of abortion and that they tolerate it with restrictions and in limited situations. Women students apparently take a more conservative stance, but statistical analysis with the c-square test did not show significant differences by gender. The article poses the need to modify doctors' training in the reproductive health field, allowing future doctors to acquire a broader view of health problems related to sexuality and reproduction. In the long run, this should also promote a kind of comprehensive health care practice in medical services, thus responding more satisfactorily to women's needs.

ACCESSORIES OF FISCAL OBLIGATION. LEGAL REGIME

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

RADA POSTOLACHE

2012-05-01

Full Text Available The interest – which is an institution typical to private law, has been taken over by the fiscal field and adapted to the specific features of fiscal obligation – being defined by its imperative legal regime, which has at the least the following characteristic elements: unitary character, imposed legal percentage, compulsory demand of interest, automatic application. In order to render responsible fiscal debtors, the lawmaker has reintroduced, as an accessory of fiscal obligation, delayed payment penalties, which have a distinct nature and legal regime, but without the principle non bis in idem being transgressed. Our study aims to establish the legal regime ofaccessories typical to fiscal obligation, from the perspective of special normative acts, but also of the common law within the field – Civil Code and Government Ordinance No. 13/2011 – by pointing out at the same time both the particular circumstances and procedural ones regulated by the Fiscal Procedure Code, shedding light upon the controversial legal nature of accessories.

21 CFR 808.81 - New Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false New Mexico. 808.81 Section 808.81 Food and Drugs... and Local Exemptions § 808.81 New Mexico. The following New Mexico medical device requirement is... from preemption under section 521(b) of the act: New Mexico Statutes Annotated, section 67-36-16(F...

Collaborative Legal Pluralism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wim Decock

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Legal pluralism calls into question the monopoly of the modern state when it comes to the production and the enforcement of norms. It rests on the assumption that juridical normativity and state organization can be dissociated. From an early modern historian’s perspective, such an assumption makes perfect sense, the plural nature of the legal order being the natural state of affairs in imperial spaces across the globe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. This article will provide a case study of the collaborative nature of the interaction between spiritual and temporal legal orders in Spain and its overseas territories as conceived by Tomás de Mercado (ca. 1520–1575, a major theologian from the School of Salamanca. His treatise on trade and contracts (1571 contained an extended discussion of the government’s attempt to regulate the grain market by imposing a maximum price. It will be argued that Mercado’s view on the bindingness of economic regulations in conscience allowed for the internalization of the regulatory power of the nascent state. He called upon confessors to be strict enforcers of state law, considering them as fathers of the republic as much as fathers of faith. This is illustrative of the »collaborative form of legal pluralism« typical of the osmotic relationship between Church and State in the early modern Spanish empire. It contributed to the moral justification of state jurisdictions, while at the same time, guaranteeing a privileged role for theologians and religious leaders in running the affairs of the state.

Una plataforma multiagente para la búsqueda de recursos educacionales considerando aspectos culturales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bender, Cristina

2006-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se propone una arquitectura multiagente para la recuperación de recursos educacionales, que ayude a los usuarios a encontrar cursos que se adecuen a sus características personales y aspectos culturales. En este trabajo, se considera como aspectos culturales a las características que permiten distinguir las preferencias de estudiantes pertenecientes a distintas regiones geográficas. La plataforma multiagente planteada incluye varios tipos de agentes que tienen funcionalidades diferentes. En particular, se modela el Educational Resources Finder Agent como un agente BDI Graduado. Este agente se encarga de la recuperación de los mejores cursos de acuerdo al perfil de cada estudiante. Se describe el sistema multiagente completo y se presenta un ejemplo ilustrativo del proceso de búsqueda.

Antiretroviral purchasing and prescription practices in Mexico: constraints, challenges and opportunities.

Science.gov (United States)

Chaumont, Claire; Bautista-Arredondo, Sergio; Calva, Juan José; Bahena-González, Roberto Isaac; Sánchez-Juárez, Gerda Hitz; González de Araujo-Muriel, Arturo; Magis-Rodríguez, Carlos; Hernández-Ávila, Mauricio

2015-01-01

This study examines the antiretroviral (ARV) market characteristics for drugs procured and prescribed to Mexico's Social Protection System in Health beneficiaries between 2008 and 2013, and compares them with international data. Procurement information from the National Center for the Prevention and the Control of HIV/AIDS was analyzed to estimate volumes and prices of key ARV. Annual costs were compared with data from the World Health Organization's Global Price Reporting Mechanism for similar countries. Finally, regimens reported in the ARV Drug Management, Logistics and Surveillance System database were reviewed to identify prescription trends and model ARV expenditures until 2018. Results show that the first-line ARV market is concentrated among a small number of patented treatments, in which prescription is clinically adequate, but which prices are higher than those paid by similar countries. The current set of legal and structural options available to policy makers to bring prices down is extremely limited. Different negotiation policies were not successful to decrease ARV high prices in the public health market. The closed list approach had a good impact on prescription quality but was ineffective in reducing prices. The Coordinating Commission for Negotiating the Price of Medicines and other Health Supplies also failed to obtain adequate prices. To maximize purchase efficiency, policy makers should focus on finding long-term legal and political safeguards to counter the high prices imposed by pharmaceutical companies.

Health Law as a Legal Discipline

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Madsen, Helle Bødker

2011-01-01

The issue of how to dispose of aborted foetuses is a sensitive ethical and legal issue which relates directly to the legal status of the foetus. An illustrative example of this issue’s practical legal relevance is the Danish Council of Ethics’ recommendation of March 3, 2011, in reply...... to the Municipality of Odense regarding the establishment of a separate anonymous lawn for aborted foetuses at the town’s principal cemetery in order to provide parents with a free and optional alternative to the current procedure.The aim of this article is to analyse death before life in Danish law and to offer some...... general reflections on the legal status of cadaveric foetuses....

ASPECTOS AMBIENTALES EN LA EXPERIMENTACIÓN QUÍMICA PARA PREVENIR RIESGOS A LA SALUD Y AL AMBIENTE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María O. Peña O.

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Un aspecto ambiental se considera como cualquier material o elemento físico o químico que el hombre arroja al agua, al aire y al suelo o que interactúe con el ambiente y propicie un riesgo para la salud y para el medio ambiente. Los residuos originados durante el desarrollo de actividades relacionadas con la experimentación química, aunque en una proporción menor que en un proceso industrial, ellos pueden ser residuos peligrosos al medio ambiente. Los aspectos ambientales se asocian con las actividades de generación de residuos, derrames, emisión a la atmósfera, el consumo de recursos naturales y ruido. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo proponer directrices para identificar y clasificar a los residuos que son generados en una experimentación química e introducir aspectos de seguridad para la salud y para el medio ambiente dentro de los procedimientos analíticos. Se inició con una evaluación diagnóstica sobre el conocimiento de la normativa en materia de gestión de los residuos o desechos, dirigida a técnicos y profesores que realizan actividades en ocho laboratorios para la enseñanza de la Química. Se siguió con la selección de un procedimiento analítico, como caso estudio, para revisar y aplicar estrategias de reusar, reciclar y reducir la generación de los residuos. Se encontró un desconocimiento de la normativa ambiental, representada por el 73% de los encuestados y un escaso tratamiento de residuos. Se concluye que la extensión de aspectos ambientales en los procedimientos analíticos puede ayudar a prevenir la contaminación ambiental, a fortalecer aspectos toxicológicos, de seguridad y de prevención de riesgos laborales.

[THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE LEGAL PERSPECTIVE - THE LEGAL WORLD'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE MEDICAL WORLD].

Science.gov (United States)

Sigler-Harcavi, Alona; Cohen Ashkenazi, Limor

2018-04-01

Working with medical and paramedical teams has taught us that the medical staff does not fully utilize the potential of judicial decisions and precedents as a source for learning, drawing conclusions and motivating progress. Judicial ruling is an essential part of the toolbox used by medical administrators in general, and healthcare risk managers in particular. Knowing the relevant legal rulings, before you embark on any given path, is the equivalent of looking before you leap. This is not necessarily an issue of "holy scripture", but should mainly be considered as a source for expanding your perspective. Knowledge of the relevant rulings has many advantages that stem from the unique characteristics of the legal system. While the medical world has a clear and unequivocal advantage regarding knowledge and experience with respect to medicine, the legal world has various other advantages: a different and wider perspective with respect to economic and/or political considerations; universal fundamental principles, such as autonomy, equality, distributive justice, human dignity, the state's obligations to its citizens; complex systems of checks and balances, such as: desirable vs. available, the benefit of few vs. the good of the many, etc. These tools, typical of the legal world, are especially relevant to medicolegal issues, usually associated with medical administration, such as: the obligation of consultation, obligation of follow-up, treatment continuity, priorities, resource distribution, patient rights, etc. The contribution of the legal world to these issues is both unique and essential. Those who question the ability of judges to understand the medical world and to materially contribute to medical thinking and practice, claiming that they lack medical training and experience, should recognize the diverse contribution of the legal world to the medical world.

Legal risk management in shipping

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Siig, Kristina

The book discusses the most typical legal challenges met in the chartering, broker, agent or port management part of the shipping industry. It discusses these issues in both English and Scandinavian law and gives indications on how to best ensure your legal risk management in these parts...

LABORATORIO DE HORMONAS: ASPECTOS PRÁCTICOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

René E. Díaz T., DR.

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Las técnicas de laboratorio de análisis hormonales han experimentado grandes progresos en las últimas décadas, actualmente se pueden realizar determinaciones hormonales con gran precisión y automatización, sin embargo, existen muchos elementos que es necesario tener en consideración al momento de interpretar un examen hormonal. El elegir el examen adecuado para la condición que estamos estudiando, el conocer sus limitaciones y potenciales falsos positivos y negativos es parte del conocimiento que es fundamental tener como clínicos. En este artículo se pretende entregar una breve revisión de las principales determinaciones hormonales, orientado a aspectos que puedan ser de utilidad al médico no especialista en su práctica clínica.

5 CFR 582.202 - Service of legal process.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Service of legal process. 582.202 Section... GARNISHMENT OF FEDERAL EMPLOYEES' PAY Service of Legal Process § 582.202 Service of legal process. (a) A... agency as a garnishee. (b) Service of legal process may be accomplished by certified or registered mail...

Personal Dignity in the European Legal Culture

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lyudmila V. Butko

2017-09-01

Full Text Available The article presents the genesis of the origins of forming the legal mechanisms to protect the personal dignity in the European legal culture. It is noted that the legal content of dignity is predetermined by the moral aspect of consideration. In addition, the definition of "dignity" was transformed under the influence of the development of legal norms, doctrine and practice of protecting a person's rights and freedoms, the foundations of civil society and legal awareness. The chronological period of research was limited to the XIII-XIX centuries, within which the authors, using a comparative legal method, defined the directions of conceptualization and formalization of the personal dignity by scientists and legislation in the European countries. As a conclusion, it is shown that the observance of the right to personal dignity by the state will not only promote the exaltation of human dignity, but also simultaneously initiate the expansion of public law compensated by increasing the subjective rights.

Aspectos podológicos en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Martínez Sabater

Full Text Available Objetivo: la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENS es el instrumento para detectar el nivel de salud de la población, por lo que se plantea como objetivo el análisis de las diferentes ediciones para valorar la presencia de los aspectos podológicos y de la figura del profesional de podología en la atención a las personas mayores. Metodología: se ha realizado un análisis de contenido de las diferentes ENS tras la recopilación de las diferentes ediciones (8. Después de la lectura en profundidad y análisis por parte de dos investigadores, se han cumplimentado las fichas de análisis y se han categorizado los diferentes transcriptores, y se ha realizado el análisis e interpretación de la información encontrada. Resultados: en las diferentes ediciones no aparece ninguna mención a la profesión de podología; sí que aparecen referencias a otras figuras como naturópatas, quiroprácticos, entre otros. En relación con los descriptores sobre las afecciones de los pies, solo aparece una referencia en la edición de 1987. No obstante, la referencia a aspectos podológicos es prácticamente inexistente. Conclusiones: la ENS es el instrumento básico para conocer el estado de salud de la población general, pero presenta limitaciones al omitir los aspectos podológicos que suponen una merma en el diagnóstico de las necesidades y, por consiguiente, en la calidad de vida de las personas, principalmente mayores. Al igual que ocurre con la cartera de servicios del SNS, obvia a los/as profesionales formados para la atención básica de los problemas podológicos en el equipo de salud.

Regulator process for the authorization of an amendment to the operation license of a nuclear power plant in Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Perez, R.; Espinosa V, J.M.; Salgado, J.R.; Mamani, Y.R.

2005-01-01

The regulator process by which an authorization is granted from an amendment to the License of Operation of a nuclear power station in Mexico is described. It makes an appointment the effective legal mark, the technical characteristics of the modification, the evaluation process and deposition upon oath of tests and finally the elaboration of the Safety report and the Technical Verdict that is a correspondent for the regulator organism to the Secretary of Energy, the one that in turn is the responsible of granting the amendment the License just as it establishes it the Law. (Author)

[Communication in health care - legal aspects].

Science.gov (United States)

Mina, András

2016-04-24

This paper is focusing on the legal aspects of communication in health care, especially on doctor-patient relationship, responsibility for information, communication of adverse events, and legal declarations.

Does Legalized Prostitution Increase Human Trafficking?

OpenAIRE

Seo-Young Cho; Axel Dreher; Eric Neumayer

2011-01-01

This paper investigates the impact of legalized prostitution on human trafficking inflows. According to economic theory, there are two opposing effects of unknown magnitude. The scale effect of legalized prostitution leads to an expansion of the prostitution market, increasing human trafficking, while the substitution effect reduces demand for trafficked women as legal prostitutes are favored over trafficked ones. Our empirical analysis for a cross-section of up to 150 countries shows that th...

Legal Aspects of the Web.

Science.gov (United States)

Borrull, Alexandre Lopez; Oppenheim, Charles

2004-01-01

Presents a literature review that covers the following topics related to legal aspects of the Web: copyright; domain names and trademarks; linking, framing, caching, and spamdexing; patents; pornography and censorship on the Internet; defamation; liability; conflict of laws and jurisdiction; legal deposit; and spam, i.e., unsolicited mails.…

76 FR 64248 - Gulf of Mexico Reef Fish Fishery; Closure of the 2011 Gulf of Mexico Commercial Sector for...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-18

.... 040205043-4043-01] RIN 0648-XA766 Gulf of Mexico Reef Fish Fishery; Closure of the 2011 Gulf of Mexico... the commercial sector for greater amberjack in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of the Gulf of Mexico... Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico (FMP). The FMP was prepared by the Gulf of Mexico Fishery...

42 CFR 57.1511 - Opinion of legal counsel.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... indebtedness to the lender, stating that the credit and security instruments executed by the applicant are duly... memorandum or opinion of legal counsel with respect to the legality of any proposed note issue, the legal authority of the applicant to issue the note and secure it by the proposed collateral, and the legality of...

28 CFR 543.15 - Legal aid program.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... necessary to maintain security or good order in the institution, the Warden may prohibit a student or legal... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Legal aid program. 543.15 Section 543.15 Judicial Administration BUREAU OF PRISONS, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT LEGAL MATTERS...

New Mexico State Parks

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — This dataset provides an initial version of the generalized physical boundaries of New Mexico State Parks, in polygonal form with limited attributes, compiled using...

Platform economy in legal profession : An empirical study on online legal service providers in China

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Li, Jing

2018-01-01

Platform economy breaks into the legal profession by pooling lawyers with different specializations into a simple user-friendly platform, consolidating the lower-tier supply side of the legal market and generating economy of scale. This paper is the very first empirical piece looking into China’s

In the weeds: a baseline view of cannabis use among legalizing states and their neighbours.

Science.gov (United States)

Pacula, Rosalie Liccardo; Jacobson, Mireille; Maksabedian, Ervant J

2016-06-01

To describe patterns of cannabis use, the degree of overlap between medicinal and recreational users, and their differential use patterns, modes of consumption and sources of cannabis. An ongoing probability-based internet panel maintained by the market research firm GfK Group. Households in Colorado, Washington, Oregon and New Mexico, USA. A total of 2009 individuals from Washington (n = 787), Oregon (n = 506), Colorado (n = 503) and New Mexico (n = 213). Post stratification sampling weights were provided so that estimates could be made representative of the household population in each of these states. Respondents were aged between 18 and 91 years, with a mean age of 53 years. We compare patterns of cannabis consumption for medicinal and recreational users as well as simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis. We also examine the extent to which patterns of use differ across states that chose to legalize (Washington and Colorado) and those that did not (New Mexico and Oregon). Rates of life-time medical cannabis use are similar in Colorado and Washington (8.8% and 8.2%) but lower in Oregon and New Mexico (6.5% and 1%). Recreational use is considerably higher than medical use across all states (41%), but highest in Oregon and Washington. Approximately 86% of people who report ever using cannabis for medicinal purposes also use it recreationally. Medical users are more likely to vaporize and consume edibles and report a higher amount (in grams) consumed, and spend more money per month than recreational users. Individuals who use cannabis do not commonly use it with alcohol, irrespective of whether they are consuming cannabis recreationally or medically. Fewer than one in five recreational users report simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis most or all of the time and fewer than 3% of medicinal users report frequent simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis. In the United States, the degree of overlap between medicinal and recreational cannabis users is 86

Aspectos psicossociais da homofobia intrafamiliar e saúde de jovens lésbicas e gays

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juliana Perucchi

2014-03-01

Full Text Available O número de pesquisas sobre diferentes aspectos da homofobia cresceu nos últimos dez anos. Entretanto, há uma carência de estudos que analisem os aspectos psicossociais que envolvem as experiências de jovens lésbicas e gays mediante situações de violência e os desdobramentos destas na sua saúde. O presente artigo busca relatar os resultados de uma pesquisa que objetivou analisar como se constituem as situações de homofobia no âmbito das relações familiares vividas por jovens lésbicas e gays, analisando os aspectos psicossociais dos processos de ruptura ou afastamento temporário ou permanente do vínculo familiar. A hipótese confirmada ao longo desses anos de pesquisa é de que o preconceito se articula no contexto familiar como dispositivo de legitimação da violência e, consequentemente, ocasiona a ruptura do vínculo, o afastamento temporário ou permanente entre jovens lésbicas e gays e seus familiares, levando, muitas vezes, à saída ou à expulsão da casa dos pais em circunstâncias complexas e, frequentemente, dolorosas.

Legal regulation of home births

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Baturan Luka O.

2015-01-01

Full Text Available In this paper, authors tried to find efficient legal frame for home births. The main problem is the risk of life and health of a mother and a baby. If a mother wants a home labor, there are no legal obstacles ^for her to take the risk of her own life, after consultation with health-care professionals. However, society is obligated to protect unborn child from irrational behavior of the mother, if she acts against child's best interests. Legal rules were analyzed by methods of neo-institutional economic theory, while the risks of life and health of a mother and a baby were analyzed by medical science methods.

New Mexico Ghost Towns

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — This data provides locations and non-spatial attributes of many ghost towns in the State of New Mexico, compiled from various sources. Locations provided with...

Legal Inheritance in the Republic of Kosovo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dr.Sc. Hamdi Podvorica

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Legal inheritance is one of the most important institutions of inheritance law which regulates the process of legal transition of property of the decedent to one or several heirs. The establish-ment of the legal framework has brought about new reforms to the Inheritance Law. This has enabled the enrichment and functio-ning of the law. A particularly important step was taken towards regulation of legal procedures regarding to how courts, other or-gans and other persons should act regarding inheritance issues. Concretization of the legal authorizations of bodies authorized to enforce the procedure of processing hereditary property has estab-lished the legal basis for realization of the iso jure principle, accor-ding to which, at the moment of death of the person, the heirs gain the right of inheritance and the hereditary property is never left without a titleholder. This is a great advantage that we have noted in undertaking this analysis of the norms in this work, because leaving hereditary property for a longer period of time without a titleholder would render the property vulnerable to des-truction, theft and extermination. The goal of this paper is to avoid focusing only on finding the positive sides of the normative regulation of the legal inheritance process, but also in finding practical deficiencies that are weighing down at the moment on this important process in Kosovo, and in proposing measures for overcoming them. The dark side of the legal inheritance process is linked to the inefficiency of courts and the still fragile legal system in Kosovo. By implementing empirical methods, we have come to the con-clusion that the low number of judges in proportion with the huge number of cases has become a key liability for practical implemen-tation of the principle of initiating the legal procedure ex officio. The failure in enforcing this principle and initiating the procedu-res for processing of hereditary property by courts, even though they

Legal protection in French environmental law

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fromont, M.

1983-01-01

The author presents a comparison of the French and the Federal German legal provisions providing for preliminary legal protection in connection with proceedings where protection of the environment is involved. The author also discusses proceedings in contentious administrative matters in connection with the licensing of the construction and operation of nuclear power plants, as well as the protection of the laws in subject matters concerning airborne pollution control and environmental protection in general. One of the most outstanding different features is the fact that in legal proceedings on administrative matters in France, protection of the existing legal system is the main issue rather than the protection of individual rights, as is the case in the Fed. Republic of Germany. (HP) [de

The legal mentality and the succession of the law.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vladimir Rybakov

2017-01-01

Full Text Available УДК 340Subject. The peculiarities of the legal mentality and succession of law, their correlation and communication.The purpose of the article is to identify the relationship of the legal mentality and development of the law.Methodology. The research is based on the method of legal analysis, formal-legal method.Results, scope of application. The legal mentality and continuity in the law are linked and have common features. They are based on national law, are a reflection of him.Continuity in the law is objectively existing relationship between the various stages of its development, aimed at ensuring the continuity of national rights, preserving the past in the present.The basis of the legal mentality and continuity in the development of the law are objective factors. These phenomena are associated with the past, with the history of their own, caused by it. The development of law and legal awareness is provided not only in the change process, but in the process of preservation. The legal mentality and continuity in the development of the law are genetic in nature. Communication legal mentality with continuity in the development of the law can clearly be seen in its functions: maintain the continuity of the existence of a particular community (homeostasis function, communication, preservation (protection, stabilization and preservation of justice, regulatory.Conclusions. There is an interaction between the legal mentality and continuity in the development of the law. Mentality as a historically formed and stable matrix typification of behavior and thinking through the lawmaking process predetermines the preservation and use of the original legal material is proven to be effective. The stability of the legal positions, legal thinking, passed down from generation to generation are the basis of the continuity law. Stability of legal views, legal thinking, transferred from generation to generation are the basis succession of law. 

Legal Research in a Changing Information Environment

African Journals Online (AJOL)

tduplessis

opportunities for research into constitutional issues, constitutional development and the relationship ... Legal research is a fundamental skill in the legal profession.9 Although all areas of law do not require ..... 1999 Legal RSQ 78. 56 In the print information environment lawyers use standard citation formats, e.g. X v Z 1999.

Aspectos conceituais da tributação de bens digitais = Conceptual aspects of digital goods taxing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Érica Elisa Dani Wilkens

2008-11-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em identificar o regime juríco aplicável aos bens digitais no Brasil. Para chegar a tal objetivo busca-se classificar os bens digitais e conceituá-los no âmbito jurídico e no comércio eletrônico. E, por fim, apresentar uma análise sobre os aspectos tributários referentes ao ICMS (Imposto Sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços e ao ISSQN (Imposto Sobre Serviços de Qualquer Natureza em relação aos bens digitais. O estudo caracteriza-se como exploratório, utilizando-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, sendo a abordagem do problema qualitativa. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que, pela intangibilidade, os bens digitais comercializa dos no meio virtual, isto é, pela Internet, são equiparados aos pro gramas de computador e tributados como serviços. Em relação a não incidência do ICMS ela se dá pelo fato dos bens digitais serem incorpóreos e a noção de mercadoria exigir a materialidade.The objective of this study is to identify the legal regulations which can be applied todigital goods in Brazil. To achieve such objective, the digital goods were classified andconceptualized in the legal field and electronics commerce. Finally, an analysis ispresented, following the taxing aspects of ICMS (stands for ‘Imposto Sobre Circulaçãode Mercadorias e Serviços’ – Service and Goods Circulation Tax and ISSQN (stands for‘Imposto Sobre Serviços de Qualquer Natureza’ – Services of Any Nature Tax. This studyis considered exploratory once it makes use of a bibliographic and documental research.At the same time, the approach to the problem is qualitative. The results of this researchpoint out the intangibility of digital goods commercialized on the Internet which areconsidered as if they were softwares and are taxed as services. In relation to ICMS, sincethe digital goods are seen as incorporeal, it is not incident because the goods notionrequires a material characteristic.

Electric power and environment in Mexico; Energia electrica y medio ambiente en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Quintanilla, J. [ed.] [UNAM IIE-PUE, Ciudad Universitaria (Mexico)

1997-07-01

This volume is one of the three resulting volumes about the project named Document analysis and prospective organized by the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) through it University Energy Program (PUE). It is a non-periodical publication collection of the variable content and extent that as a whole constitutes an information heritage and an original contribution about the energy problematic as International level as at the country context and the University activities. In this book the manners of producing electrical energy are discussed, so how satisfying the growing necessities of this energy in Mexico without contaminating environment and how doing rational and efficient use of energy. The content of each document of this book is however exclusive responsibility of authors, as in the information as in their told opinions. The following papers were presented: 1) Hydroelectricity, soils use and water management. 2) The electric generation in Mexico and its environmental impacts: Past, present and future. 3) The nucleo electricity and the radioactive materials management. 4) Exposure to electromagnetic fields and its association with leukemia in children. 5) The electric power in Mexico and the supportable development. 6) Potential of electric generation at great scale with eolic energy in Mexico. 7) Toward an electric generation scheme distributed with non-conventional energies. 8) Renewable sources of energy in Mexico at the Century 21. (Author)

Georeferenced Population Datasets of Mexico (GEO-MEX): Urban Place GIS Coverage of Mexico

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The Urban Place GIS Coverage of Mexico is a vector based point Geographic Information System (GIS) coverage of 696 urban places in Mexico. Each Urban Place is...

El maltrato infantil: aspectos psicológicos y programas de tratamientos

OpenAIRE

González Díaz, Adriana

2013-01-01

La presente revisión recoge los aspectos psicológicos derivados del maltrato infantil. Expone la tipología, así la evaluación psicológica de los menores en estos casos y las patologías asociadas al maltrato. Finalmente se exponen los principales programas de intervención y tratamiento en estos casos

30 CFR 41.20 - Legal identity report.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Legal identity report. 41.20 Section 41.20... ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS NOTIFICATION OF LEGAL IDENTITY Operator's Report to the Mine Safety and Health Administration § 41.20 Legal identity report. Each operator of a coal or other mine shall file notification of...

The interface of legal and esthetic considerations

Science.gov (United States)

Richard C. Smardon

1979-01-01

This paper is an overview of development of legal/policy factors affecting visual resource management. Review of major legal issues, court cases, laws and administrative decisionmaking reveals that the "action" regarding legal and aesthetic issues is currently in the public arena as managed by administrative agencies. Analysis of key court cases reveals that...

Terrorism as a Social and Legal Phenomenon

Science.gov (United States)

Serebrennikova, Anna; Mashkova, Yekaterina

2017-01-01

This article examines the concept of terrorism as a social and legal phenomenon, its international legal and criminal-legal characteristics. Highlighted are the main aspects of cooperation of the states and the international community to counter terrorist activities. Terrorism as a social phenomenon is determined by paragraph 1 of article 3 of the…

Legal terminology

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Engberg, Jan

2013-01-01

texts disseminating legal concepts in different situations (Wikipedia article for general public, article from ministry aimed at children and adolescents) and especially investigate, to what extent the paraphrase concept is applicable also for describing dissemination strategies in such situations...

The International Legal Personality of the Individual

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kjeldgaard-Pedersen, Astrid

This book scrutinizes the relationship between the concept of international legal personality as a theoretical construct and the position of the individual as a matter of positive international law. By testing four main theoretical conceptions of international legal personality against historical...... to transform during the second half of the twentieth century so as to include individuals as its subjects. Rather, the answer to the question of individual rights and obligations under international law is—and always was—solely contingent upon the interpretation of international legal norms. It follows......, of course, that the entities governed by a particular norm tell us nothing about the legal system to which that norm belongs. Instead, the distinction between international and national legal norms turns exclusively on the nature of their respective sources. Against the background of these insights...

La obesidad: aspectos psicológicos y conductuales

OpenAIRE

Bersh, Sonia

2006-01-01

Introducción: La obesidad es un problema médico de creciente gravedad por su morbilidad y su alta y creciente prevalencia. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión actualizada acerca de la obesidad y su tratamiento, con énfasis en los aspectos de mayor interés para la práctica psiquiátrica. Resultados: La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica de difícil manejo y alta tasa de recurrencia, que se asocia con complicaciones médicas graves. Los factores psicológicos y conductuales son muy relevantes en el cur...

Telemedicine: licensing and other legal issues.

Science.gov (United States)

Siegal, Gil

2011-12-01

The growth of information technology and telecommunications has created promising opportunities for better, faster, more accessible, barrier-free health care; telemedicine (TM). The feasibility of many TM projects depends on resolving legal issues. Mastering technical issues or providing training remain important benchmarks for implementation of TM, but legal issues constrain progress. This article identifies the key legal issues, maps current legislation, and offers a forecast of necessary steps to expedite the dissemination of TM. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

California-Mexico gas exports eyed

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1992-01-01

This paper reports that two California utilities have proposed providing natural gas transportation services to Mexico. The arrangement would provide a second U.S. export sales point at the U.S.-Mexico border and perhaps help alleviate an expected surplus of gas pipeline capacity available to California. Mexico currently imports about 200 MMcfd of U.S. gas via pipelines in Texas

Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

1993-01-01

The background notes on Mexico provide text and recent statistical information on the geography, population, government, economy, and foreign relations, specifically the North American Free Trade Agreement with US. The 1992 population is estimated at 89 million of which 60% are mestizo (Indian-Spanish), 30% are American Indian, 9% are Caucasian, and 1% are other. 90% are Roman Catholic. There are 8 years of compulsory education. Infant mortality is 30/1000 live births. Life expectancy for males is 68 years and 76 years for females. The labor force is comprised of 30% in services, 24% in agriculture and fishing, 19% in manufacturing, 13% in commerce, 7% in construction, 4% in transportation and communication, and .4% in mining. There are 31 states and a federal district. Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was $3200 in 1991. Military expenditures were .5% of GDP in 1991. The average inflation rate is 19%. Mexico City with 20 million is the largest urban center in the world. In recent years, the economy has been restructured with market oriented reforms; the result has been a growth of GDP of 3.6% in 1991 from 2% in 1987. Dependence on oil exports has decreased. There has been privatization and deregulation of state-owned companies. Subsidies to inefficient companies have been stopped. Tariff rates were reduced. The financial debt has been reduced and turned into a surplus of .8% in 1992. Mexico's foreign debt has been reduced from its high in 1987 of $107 billion. Agricultural reforms have been ongoing for 50 years. Land was redistributed, but standards of living and productivity have improved only slightly. Rural land tenure regulations have been changed, and other economic reforms are expected. Mexico engages in ad hoc international groups and is selective about membership in international organizations.

Diseño de una compañía exportadora de banano y otras musáceas para el mercado ruso

OpenAIRE

Játiva Murillo, Henry Isaac

2013-01-01

El proyecto tiene la finalidad de mostrar los aspectos legales, estratégicos y comerciales para la exportación de banano al mercado ruso, aprovechando la demanda creciente del país y la gran riqueza de producción de la fruta en el Ecuador. También se analizará agregar otros productos musáceos al mismo mercado ruso, aprovechando las operaciones logísticas y comerciales que la nueva empresa tendrá en el país europeo. Se determinará el nombre de la empresa, los aspectos legales, el capi...

18 CFR 3b.5 - Legal guardians.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Legal guardians. 3b.5... INFORMATION General § 3b.5 Legal guardians. For the purposes of this part, the parent of any minor, or the legal guardian of any individual who has been declared to be incompetent due to physical or mental...

Competitive Legal Professionals' use of Technology in Legal ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Advances in the information and communication technologies have led to the availability of a range of primary and secondary legal research publications online via the Internet, rather than on other storing devices such as compact discs or publications in the print media. Not only has information and communication ...

Should Pediatric Euthanasia be Legalized?

Science.gov (United States)

Brouwer, Marije; Kaczor, Christopher; Battin, Margaret P; Maeckelberghe, Els; Lantos, John D; Verhagen, Eduard

2018-02-01

Voluntary active euthanasia for adults at their explicit request has been legal in Belgium and the Netherlands since 2002. In those countries, acceptance of the practice for adults has been followed by acceptance of the practice for children. Opponents of euthanasia see this as a dangerous slippery slope. Proponents argue that euthanasia is sometimes ethically appropriate for minors and that, with proper safeguards, it should be legally available in appropriate circumstances for patients at any age. In this Ethics Rounds, we asked philosophers from the United States and the Netherlands, and a Dutch pediatrician, to discuss the ethics of legalizing euthanasia for children. Copyright © 2018 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Legal Duties and Legal Liabilities of Coaches toward Athletes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mirsafian Hamidreza

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Background. It is undeniable that coaches play a major role in the development of athletes. Coaches and athletes have a close relationship and share various experiences that lead to a strong bond between them, and this is of great responsibility for the coach. Therefore, the coach should maintain this bond with mutual respect and trust. Various responsibilities are progressively placed on coaches by law to prevent or minimize injuries to athletes. In other words, since a coach is placed in a position of power and trust, the duty of care will always be placed on him. If certain requirements are not met, the coach may be held financially, or even criminally, liable. In this study, the author explains and discusses coaches’ legal duties, legal liabilities, and the elements required for liability of coaches toward athletes.

77 FR 56168 - Reef Fish Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico; Gulf of Mexico Individual Fishing Quota Programs

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-12

.... 090206140-91081-03] RIN 0648-XC227 Reef Fish Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico; Gulf of Mexico Individual... red snapper and grouper/tilefish components of the reef fish fishery in the Gulf of Mexico (Gulf), the... INFORMATION: The reef fish fishery of the Gulf of Mexico is managed under the Fishery Management Plan for Reef...

Putting the "social" back in legal socialization: procedural justice, legitimacy, and cynicism in legal and nonlegal authorities.

Science.gov (United States)

Trinkner, Rick; Cohn, Ellen S

2014-12-01

Traditionally, legal socialization theory and research has been dominated by a cognitive developmental approach. However, more recent work (e.g., Fagan & Tyler, 2005) has used procedural justice to explain the legal socialization process. This article presents 2 studies that expand this approach by testing a procedural justice model of legal socialization in terms of legal and nonlegal authority. In Study 1, participants completed surveys assessing the degree to which they perceived 3 authorities (police officers, parents, and teachers) as procedurally fair, the degree to which they perceived the authorities as legitimate, how cynical they were about laws, and the extent of their rule violation during the past 6 months. Across all 3 authorities, legitimacy and legal cynicism mediated the relation between procedural justice and rule violation. Study 2 examined the model with the same 3 authority types using experimental methods. Participants read 3 scenarios describing an interaction between an adolescent and an authority figure where a rule is enforced. Within each scenario, we manipulated whether the adolescent had a voice and whether the authority enforced the rule impartially. After reading each scenario, participants rated the authority's legitimacy, their cynicism toward the authority's rule, and the likelihood they would violate the rule. Again, legitimacy and rule cynicism mediated the relation between impartiality, voice, and rule violation. In addition, impartiality had a stronger effect in the parent and teacher scenarios, whereas voice had a stronger effect in the police scenario. Results are discussed in terms of expanding legal socialization to nonlegal contexts and applying legal socialization research to prevention and intervention strategies. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved.

The latitude of logic in legal hermeneutics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Medar Suzana

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Legal hermeneutics (the interpretation of law] has always taken a highly significant place in general hermeneutics. The interpretation of laws involves an intricate task of determining the real meaning or rationale of legal norms. Considering the complexity of this goal, the most frequent classification of legal hermeneutics is based on the interpretation instruments. In traditional theory, the most widely recognized instruments for the interpretation of legal norms are language, logic, legal system, history and purpose of a legal norm. Under the influence of general analytic philosophy, the particular interest in language as the basic instrument for the interpretation of law may be found in mid-20th century. The interest in the language of law is closely related to the study of legal logic and legal argumentation. In theory, there is no dispute about the logical interpretation in a narrow sense which is based on drawing true conclusions by applying the basic rule of formal reasoning. Yet, it has given a head start to argumentation as 'a problem-based reasoning skill' which provides answers to the questions raised in contentious cases. Argumentation is closely associated with the dialectic method of reasoning (which has been widely recognized since the Ancient Greece], where conclusions are based on probable premises. One of the most significant goals of the argumentation theory is to locate the sources or common grounds for developing arguments; these basic argumentative patterns are generally known as 'topoi' or 'loci, sedes argumentorum'. On the other hand, 'topica' is part of rhetoric art dealing with the theoretical explanation of the basic argumentative patterns (topoi] and how they are structured, including the location of new topoi and arguments. The most significant proponents of the topical reasoning are Chaïm Perelman and Theodor Viehweg. Perelman relates topical reasoning to judicial reasoning and considers that specific legal topoi

[Aging in Mexico].

Science.gov (United States)

Contreras de Lehr, E

1986-01-01

Demographic social and economic aspects of the situation of the elderly in Mexico are described with special emphasis upon education programmes and types of care in nursing homes. Considering the future trends of an increase in Mexico's elderly population, the author calls for more efforts in research and training in the field of gerontology. First results in this area are reported.

ALGUNOS ASPECTOS A CONSIDERAR SOBRE LA SEXUALIDAD DEL ADULTO MAYOR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zoila Edith Hernández Zamora

2008-12-01

Full Text Available La presente investigación expone, a partir de una serie de entrevistas realizadas a una muestra de adultos mayores, aspectos relativos a la satisfacción general en la vida, así como las actitudes, conocimientos y prácticas de la sexualidad de un grupo de adultos mayores que asisten regularmente a una estancia diurna de la ciudad de Xalapa, Veracruz, México, misma que fue diseñada especialmente para este grupo etario. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la actitud hacia el ejercicio de la sexualidad de las personas mayores entre los hombres y las mujeres de la muestra, y entre .las personas que tienen pareja con relación a las que no tienen; así como que hay una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre aquellas personas que tiene una o ninguna enfermedad y las que tienen dos o más enfermedades con respecto a su frecuencia de actividad sexual. Es de resaltar la escasez de conocimientos sobre aspectos básicos de la sexualidad que poseen estas personas mayores, lo que hace necesario el establecimiento de programas educativos que incluyan al personal de salud y a los mismos senectos.

Mexico and the CTBT; Mexico y el CTBT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aguirre G, J.; Martinez L, J.; Ruiz E, L. J.; Aragon M, I. B., E-mail: jaguirre@cnsns.gob.mx [Comision Nacional de Seguridad Nuclear y Salvaguardias, Dr. Barragan 779, Col. Narvarte, 03020 Mexico D. F. (Mexico)

2013-10-15

The Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban-Treaty (CTBT) is a treaty that prohibits all the nuclear explosions by anybody and in any place, either on the terrestrial surface, in the atmosphere, under the sea or underground. From the adoption of this Treaty by the United Nations, Mexico has had interest for its entrance in vigor, as integral part to assure the international peace. For this reason, our country signed the Treaty since it was open in September 24, 1996 and three years later ratified it, due to Mexico is part of the group of necessary countries for their entrance in vigor. During 13 years, the country has been committed and helped to the installation of monitoring stations, actions that allow the strengthening of the International System of Surveillance. The purpose of this work is to divulge the Treaty,its technologies and benefits; and also to diffuse the works realized by Mexico regarding the radionuclides monitoring station and noble gases both certified ones for the CTBT. Besides the radionuclides technology, Mexico has taken charge of the installation and operation of the seismic stations and hydro-acoustics that have been certified too. The radionuclides station Rn-44 located in Guerrero Negro, BCS has two technologies, an automated sampler of suspended particles in air brand Cinderella/ARAME and a noble gases system Sauna used for the particles detection of radioactive material gamma emitting and Xenon radioisotopes product of nuclear assays. Both technologies are transmitting data in real time to the International Center of Data. These technologies are shown in this work. (Author)

La propiedad Intelectual en la era digital

OpenAIRE

Carmona, Dolores

2010-01-01

En: Jornadas abiertas: investigadores, empresas y estudiantes. Protección del software y contenidos digitales. Getafe, 21 de diciembre de 2010. Esta jornada persigue dar respuesta a las dudas de los investigadores y profundizar en los aspectos relacionados con la protección de los contenidos digitales con expertos sobre: Protección intelectual de los contenidos digitales. Aspectos legales a tener en cuenta. Gestión y acceso a los contenidos digitales en Internet. Aspectos prác...

La protección de los contenidos digitales en España

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez de las Heras Ballell, Teresa

2010-01-01

En: Jornadas abiertas: investigadores, empresas y estudiantes. Protección del software y contenidos digitales. Getafe, 21 de diciembre de 2010 Esta jornada persigue dar respuesta a las dudas de los investigadores y profundizar en los aspectos relacionados con la protección de los contenidos digitales con expertos sobre: Protección intelectual de los contenidos digitales. Aspectos legales a tener en cuenta. Gestión y acceso a los contenidos digitales en Internet. Aspectos práct...

Labour Market Interactions Between Legal and Illegal Immigrants

OpenAIRE

Epstein, Gil S

2000-01-01

This paper looks at the situation of legal immigrants who employ illegal immigrants to provide them with various services. This enables the legal immigrants to allocate more time to other work, thereby increasing their earnings. Illegal immigrants employed by legal immigrants may specialize in certain professions and may themselves employ other illegal immigrants. An economy is evolving whose sole purpose is the provision of services by illegal immigrants for legal immigrants.

Labor Market Interactions Between Legal and Illegal Immigrants

OpenAIRE

Epstein, Gil S.

2000-01-01

This paper looks at the situation of legal immigrants who employ illegal immigrants to provide them with various services. This enables the legal immigrants to allocate more time to other work, thereby increasing their earnings. Illegal immigrants employed by legal immigrants may specialize in certain professions and may themselves employ other illegal immigrants. An economy is evolving whose sole purpose is the provision of services by illegal immigrants for legal immigrants.

The law isn't everything: The impact of legal and non-legal sanctions on motorists' drink driving behaviors.

Science.gov (United States)

Freeman, James; Szogi, Elizabeth; Truelove, Verity; Vingilis, Evelyn

2016-12-01

The effectiveness of drink driving countermeasures (such as sanctions) to deter motorists from driving over the legal limit is extremely important when considering the impact the offending behavior has on the community. However, questions remain regarding the extent that both legal and non-legal factors influence drink driving behaviors. This is of particular concern given that both factors are widely used as either sanctioning outcomes or in media campaigns designed to deter drivers (e.g., highlighting the physical risk of crashing). This paper reports on an examination of 1,253 Queensland motorists' perceptions of legal and non-legal drink driving sanctions and the corresponding deterrent impact of such perceptions on self-reported offending behavior. Participants volunteered to complete either an online or paper version of the questionnaire. Encouragingly, quantitative analysis of the data revealed that participants' perceptions of both legal sanctions (e.g., certainty, severity and swiftness) as well as non-legal sanctions (e.g., fear of social, internal or physical harm) were relatively high, with perceptual certainty being the highest. Despite this, a key theme to emerge from the study was that approximately 25% of the sample admitted to drink driving at some point in time. Multivariate analyses revealed six significant predictors of drink driving, being: males, younger drivers, lower perceptions of the severity of sanctions, and less concern about the social, internal, and physical harms associated with the offense. However, a closer examination of the data revealed that the combined deterrence model was not very accurate at predicting drink driving behaviors (e.g., 21% of variance). A range of non-legal deterrent factors have the potential to reduce the prevalence of drink driving although further research is required to determine how much exposure is required to produce a strong effect. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd and National Safety Council. All rights

ASPECTOS BASICOS DEL DERECHO ADUANERO PARA ESTUDIANTES DE PREGRADO

OpenAIRE

Castro Rangel, Jesus David; Garcia Vargas, Kristhell; Sepulveda Mora, Myriam

2008-01-01

La presente investigación comprende un estudio en un grado fundamental y a nivel general del Derecho Aduanero y una herramienta pedagógica dirigida a facilitar, a los alumnos de Pregrado de la Universidad Libre de Cúcuta, el entendimiento y aprendizaje de los aspectos básicos del Derecho Aduanero, teniendo en cuenta que Cúcuta es una zona fronteriza. El estudiante a través del presente trabajo encontrará las herramientas que le permitirán ubicarse dentro del contexto aduanero y...

Legal consequences of kleptomania.

Science.gov (United States)

Grant, Jon E; Odlaug, Brian L; Davis, Andrew A; Kim, Suck Won

2009-12-01

Although studies have examined clinical characteristics of kleptomania, no previous studies have examined the legal consequences of kleptomania. From 2001 to 2007, 101 adult subjects (n = 27 [26.7%] males) with DSM-IV kleptomania were assessed on sociodemographics and clinical characteristics including symptom severity, comorbidity, and legal repercussions. Of 101 subjects with kleptomania, 73.3% were female. Mean age of shoplifting onset was 19.4 +/- 12.0 years, and subjects shoplifted a mean of 8.2 +/- 11.0 years prior to meeting full criteria for kleptomania. Co-occurring depressive, substance use, and impulse control disorders were common. Sixty-nine subjects with kleptomania (68.3%) had been arrested, 36.6% had been arrested but not convicted, 20.8% had been convicted and incarcerated after conviction, while only 10.9% had been convicted and not incarcerated after conviction. Kleptomania is associated with significant legal repercussions. The findings emphasize the need for rigorous treatment approaches to target kleptomania symptoms and prevent re-offending.

Geothermal energy from deep sedimentary basins: The Valley of Mexico (Central Mexico)

Science.gov (United States)

Lenhardt, Nils; Götz, Annette E.

2015-04-01

The geothermal potential of the Valley of Mexico has not been addressed in the past, although volcaniclastic settings in other parts of the world contain promising target reservoir formations. A first assessment of the geothermal potential of the Valley of Mexico is based on thermophysical data gained from outcrop analogues, covering all lithofacies types, and evaluation of groundwater temperature and heat flow values from literature. Furthermore, the volumetric approach of Muffler and Cataldi (1978) leads to a first estimation of ca. 4000 TWh (14.4 EJ) of power generation from Neogene volcanic rocks within the Valley of Mexico. Comparison with data from other sedimentary basins where deep geothermal reservoirs are identified shows the high potential of the Valley of Mexico for future geothermal reservoir utilization. The mainly low permeable lithotypes may be operated as stimulated systems, depending on the fracture porosity in the deeper subsurface. In some areas also auto-convective thermal water circulation might be expected and direct heat use without artificial stimulation becomes reasonable. Thermophysical properties of tuffs and siliciclastic rocks qualify them as promising target horizons (Lenhardt and Götz, 2015). The here presented data serve to identify exploration areas and are valuable attributes for reservoir modelling, contributing to (1) a reliable reservoir prognosis, (2) the decision of potential reservoir stimulation, and (3) the planning of long-term efficient reservoir utilization. References Lenhardt, N., Götz, A.E., 2015. Geothermal reservoir potential of volcaniclastic settings: The Valley of Mexico, Central Mexico. Renewable Energy. [in press] Muffler, P., Cataldi, R., 1978. Methods for regional assessment of geothermal resources. Geothermics, 7, 53-89.

Measuring improvement in knowledge of drug policy reforms following a police education program in Tijuana, Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Arredondo, J; Strathdee, S A; Cepeda, J; Abramovitz, D; Artamonova, I; Clairgue, E; Bustamante, E; Mittal, M L; Rocha, T; Bañuelos, A; Olivarria, H O; Morales, M; Rangel, G; Magis, C; Beletsky, L

2017-11-08

Mexico's 2009 "narcomenudeo reform" decriminalized small amounts of drugs, shifting some drug law enforcement to the states and mandating drug treatment diversion instead of incarceration. Data from Tijuana suggested limited implementation of this harm reduction-oriented policy. We studied whether a police education program (PEP) improved officers' drug and syringe policy knowledge, and aimed to identify participant characteristics associated with improvement of drug policy knowledge. Pre- and post-training surveys were self-administered by municipal police officers to measure legal knowledge. Training impact was assessed through matched paired nominal data using McNemar's tests. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of improved legal knowledge, as measured by officers' ability to identify conceptual legal provisions related to syringe possession and thresholds of drugs covered under the reform. Of 1750 respondents comparing pre- versus post training, officers reported significant improvement (p < 0.001) in their technical understanding of syringe possession (56 to 91%) and drug amounts decriminalized, including marijuana (9 to 52%), heroin (8 to 71%), and methamphetamine (7 to 70%). The training was associated with even greater success in improving conceptual legal knowledge for syringe possession (67 to 96%) (p < 0.001), marijuana (16 to 91%), heroin (11 to 91%), and methamphetamine (11 to 89%). In multivariable modeling, those with at least a high school education were more likely to exhibit improvement of conceptual legal knowledge of syringe possession (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.6, 95% CI 1.4-3.2) and decriminalization for heroin (aOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3-4.3), methamphetamine (aOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4-3.2), and marijuana (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.6-4). Drug policy reform is often necessary, but not sufficient to achieve public health goals because of gaps in translating formal laws to policing practice. To close such gaps, PEP initiatives

Ethical issues in medico-legal exposures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

O'Reilly, G.; Malone, J. F.

2008-01-01

The Medical Exposure Directive (MED) 97/43/Euratom defines medico-legal procedures as 'procedures performed for insurance or legal purposes without a medical indication'. The term 'medico-legal exposures' covers a wide range of possible types of exposures, very different in nature, for which the only feature in common is the fact that the main reason for performing them does not relate directly to the health of the individual being exposed to ionising radiation. The key issue in medico-legal exposures is justification. Balancing the advantages and disadvantages of such exposures is complex because not only can these be difficult to quantify and hence compare, but often the advantage may be to society whereas the disadvantage is usually to an individual. This adds an additional layer of ethical complexity to the problem and one, which requires input from a number of sources beyond the established radiation protection community. Because medico-legal exposures are considered to be medical exposures, they are not subject to dose limits. In medico-legal exposures where the benefit is not necessarily to the individual undergoing the exposure, the question must be asked as to whether or not this is an appropriate framework within which to conduct such exposures. This paper looks at the current situation in Europe, highlighting some of the particular problems that have arisen, and tries to identify the areas, which require further clarification and guidance. (authors)

Modern Questions Of The Legal Philosophy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gennadiy A. Torgashev

2014-06-01

Full Text Available In the present article author considers fundamental problems of law connected with equality, justice and freedom. Author proves that philosophy and law as forms of public consciousness carry out the important closely interconnected among themselves functions of the social life judgment. In the article author noted that among other forms of public consciousness law is one of difficult objects of knowledge, because law is connected with such forms of consciousness as philosophy, morals, religion, policy. The legal philosophy is the philosophical discipline having the subject the general regularities of law functioning, taken in their historical and sociocultural development, definition and the sense of legal judgment and its fundamental concepts. Law represents a set of obligatory rules of conduct (norms established by the authorized or the state. Diverse spiritual life of the society assumes a variety in the nature of law. The typology of philosophical concepts of the law and how the legal philosophy interprets legal reality is researched, various philosophical and legal concepts which are caused by two main types of rights – natural and positive are allocated. Author gives opinions of scientists, and explains own views of the author.

LKIF Core: principled ontology development for the legal domain

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hoekstra, R.; Breuker, J.; Di Bello, M.; Boer, A.; Breuker, J.; Casanovas, P.; Klein, M.C.A.; Francesconi, E.

2009-01-01

In this paper we describe a legal core ontology that is part of the Legal Knowledge Interchange Format: a knowledge representation formalism that enables the translation of legal knowledge bases written in different representation formats and formalisms. A legal (core) ontology can play an important

The Uneven Legal Push for Europe

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wind, Marlene; Martinsen, Dorte Sindbjerg; Rotger, Gabriel Pons

2009-01-01

National courts have been key players in the legal push for Europe, though notably to varying degrees. This paper examines the persisting variations in the referral rates of national courts and the underlying causal factors, aiming to better understand why some member states' courts have been more...... reluctant to join in the legal push for Europe. By using econometric methods, it challenges the modified neofunctionalist argument that the extent of intra-EC trade explains the referral practice of the individual member states. Majoritarian democracy is hypothesized as a causal factor in the low referral...... of majoritarian democracy on the number of referrals. The paper concludes that, owing to the uneven legal push for Europe, some member states and their citizens remain at arms' length from the legal integration process - and, in consequence, from the full impact of European integration....

Public perceptions of arguments supporting and opposing recreational marijuana legalization.

Science.gov (United States)

McGinty, Emma E; Niederdeppe, Jeff; Heley, Kathryn; Barry, Colleen L

2017-06-01

In debates about recreational marijuana legalization, pro-legalization arguments highlighting economic and other potential policy benefits compete with anti-legalization arguments emphasizing public health risks. In 2016, we conducted a national survey using an online panel (N=979) designed to answer two main research questions: (1) How do Americans perceive the relative strength of competing arguments about recreational marijuana legalization? (2) How are perceptions of argument strength associated with public support for recreational marijuana legalization? We examined differences in attitudes among individuals living in states that have/have not legalized recreational marijuana and among Democrats/Independents/Republicans. Ordered logit regression assessed the relationship between perceived argument strength and public support for recreational marijuana legalization. Respondents rated pro-legalization arguments highlighting beneficial economic and criminal justice consequences as more persuasive than anti-legalization arguments emphasizing adverse public health effects. Respondents were more likely to agree with arguments highlighting legalization's potential to increase tax revenue (63.9%) and reduce prison overcrowding (62.8%) than arguments emphasizing negative consequences on motor vehicle crashes (51.8%) and youth health (49.6%). The highest rated anti-legalization arguments highlighted the conflict between state and federal marijuana laws (63.0%) and asserted that legalization will fail to eliminate the black market (57.2%). Respondents who endorsed pro-legalization economic and criminal justice arguments were more likely than other respondents to support legalization. Our findings indicate that, on both side of the recreational marijuana legalization debate, there are arguments that resonate with the American public. However, public health risk messages were viewed as less compelling than pro-legalization economic and criminal justice-oriented arguments

Human right to sanitation in the legal and non-legal literature : The need for greater synergy

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Obani, P.; Gupta, J.

2016-01-01

This review paper analyzes the legal and non-legal literature on the human right to sanitation (HRS). It shows that despite applying different paradigms in framing the HRS, both literature support the following three main conclusions: (a) state and non-state actors, particularly NGOs and private

Legal aspects of intergenerational equity issues

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Green, H.P.

1984-01-01

This paper examines the extent to which American law and legal institutions have addressed problems of intergenerational equities. Beginning with a definition of the issue, the paper goes on to address conservation law, public debt ceilings, property law, and eugenic laws. The research supports the conclusion that neither statutory law, the formal expression of public policy articulated by the legislature, nor common law, the case-by-case definition of private legal rights by the courts has developed a coherent set of legal principles for dealing with the difficult problems of intergenerational equity. 15 references

Religious legal systems: challenges of the modernity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Д. В. Лук’янов

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The influence of world globalization processes on the development of the religious legal systems has been analyzed in the paper. Globalization processes in the XXI century are regarding individuals, nations, and civilizations. Global transformations lead to qualitative changes in the socio-cultural relations and actualize a wide range of issues which are related to the formation of a new world culture. Modern globalization takes diverse range of public relations in its own orbit. The relationship between the legal systems in the twentieth century is some of the most important aspects of this process. However, the interaction of legal systems has significant differences from the interaction of economies of different countries. There are actual economic relations domination of Western financial and economic institutions and standardization of relevant rules. But the attempts to apply this approach to law lead to resistance to Western standards and the spread of major civilizational conflicts in different parts of the world. Globalization should be based on respect for cultural, religious and legal diversity. It has to ensure preservation of forced “Westernisation”. Significant differences in the impact of globalization on the convergence of legal systems of Western law (Romano-Germanic and Anglo-American and their impact on religious legal systems of Muslim, Hindu and Jewish law must be emphasized. The religious legal systems are not exposed to other systems and the related changes. This is due to such features as the divine nature, increased stability, specific sources of law etc. An important issue that requires further study is the reverse influence which religious law exercises to secularized modern legal system.

“In the Weeds: A Baseline View of Cannabis Use Among Legalizing States and Their Neighbours

Science.gov (United States)

Jacobson, Mireille; Maksabedian, Ervant J

2016-01-01

Aims To describe patterns of cannabis use, the degree of overlap between medicinal and recreational users, and their differential use patterns, modes of consumption and sources of cannabis. Design An ongoing probability-based internet panel maintained by the market research firm GfK Group. Setting Households in Colorado, Washington, Oregon and New Mexico, USA. Participants 2009 individuals from Washington (n=787), Oregon (n=506), Colorado (n=503), and New Mexico (N=213). Post stratification sampling weights were provided so that estimates could be made representative of the household population in each of these states. Respondents were between 18 and 91 years old with a mean age of 53. Methods We compare patterns of cannabis consumption for medicinal and recreational users as well as simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis. We also examine the extent to which patterns of use differ across states that chose to legalize (Washington and Colorado) and those that did not (New Mexico and Oregon). Findings Rates of lifetime medical cannabis use are similar in Colorado and Washington (8·8% and 8·2%) but lower in Oregon and New Mexico (6.5% and 1%). Recreational use is considerably higher than medical use across all states (41%) but highest in Oregon and Washington. About 86% of people who report ever using cannabis for medicinal purposes also use it recreationally. Medical users are more likely to vaporize and consume edibles, and report a higher amount (in grams) consumed, and spend more money per month than recreational users. Individuals who use cannabis do not commonly use it with alcohol, irrespective of whether they are consuming cannabis recreationally or medically. Fewer than 1 in 5 recreational users report simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis most or all of the time and less than 3% of medicinal users report frequent simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis. Conclusions In the USA, the degree of overlap between medicinal and recreational cannabis users is

[Medical data security in medico-legal opinioning].

Science.gov (United States)

Susło, Robert; Swiatek, Barbara

2005-01-01

Medical data security can be approached in medico-legal opinioning in three main situations: security of medical data, on which the opinion should be based, opinioning itself and whether the medical data security was properly ensured and ensuring medical data security during medico-legal opinion giving. The importance of medical data security, during collecting, processing and storing, as well in medical as in legal institutions, is of major importance for the possibility of providing a proper medico-legal opinion. Theoretically speeking, it is possible to give a proper medico-legal opinion using incorrect data, but the possibility is low. When the expert is given improper, unreadable, incomplete or even bogus in part or in the whole medical data it is extremely possible, that he fails in giving his opinion. The term "medical data" was defined and subsequently there was a brief review of medical data storing methods made and specific threats bound with them, based on modern literature. The authors also pointed out possible methods of preventing the threats. They listed Polish as well as international regulations and laws concerning the problem, accenting the importance of preserving medical data for the purposes of medico-legal opinioning.

Uranium resources in New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McLemore, V.T.; Chenoweth, W.L.

1989-01-01

For nearly three decades (1951-1980), the Grants uranium district in northwestern New Mexico produced more uranium than any other district in the world. The most important host rocks containing economic uranium deposits in New Mexico are sandstones within the Jurassic Morrison Formation. Approximately 334,506,000 lb of U 3 O 8 were produced from this unit from 1948 through 1987, accounting for 38% of the total uranium production from the US. All of the economic reserves and most of the resources in New Mexico occur in the Morrison Formation. Uranium deposits also occur in sandstones of Paleozoic, Triassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quaternary formations; however, only 468,680 lb of U 3 O 8 or 0.14% of the total production from New Mexico have been produced from these deposits. Some of these deposits may have a high resource potential. In contrast, almost 6.7 million lb of U 3 O 8 have been produced from uranium deposits in the Todilto Limestone of the Wanakah Formation (Jurassic), but potential for finding additional economic uranium deposits in the near future is low. Other uranium deposits in New Mexico include those in other sedimentary rocks, vein-type uranium deposits, and disseminated magmatic, pegmatitic, and contact metasomatic uranium deposits in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Production from these deposits have been insignificant (less than 0.08% of the total production from New Mexico), but there could be potential for medium to high-grade, medium-sized uranium deposits in some areas. Total uranium production from New Mexico from 1948 to 1987 amounts to approximately 341,808,000 lb of U 3 O 8 . New Mexico has significant uranium reserves and resources. Future development of these deposits will depend upon an increase in price for uranium and lowering of production costs, perhaps by in-situ leaching techniques

Legal Education: Critical of Contemporaneity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrícia Verônica Nunes Carvalho Sobral

2016-10-01

Full Text Available This study reflects on the Legal Education, considering the criticism of contemporaneity. To reach the goal, the text is divided into: Critical, idealization and reality of legal education; Professor  of  law  schools;  The  educational  legislation  Questions  of  legal  education methodology; Pedagogy and the law. The reading of the sources referred the thought inferences  about  the  teaching  of  law,  the  methodological  approach  and  the  didactic- pedagogic preparation, according to Associação Latino Americana de Metodologia do Ensino do Direito. Contributes to the continuity of academic debate in progress, it is a problem that concerns the professional higher education.

Aspectos moleculares da anemia falciforme

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Galiza Neto Gentil Claudino de

2003-01-01

Full Text Available No presente artigo abordaram-se vários aspectos relacionados à natureza molecular da anemia falciforme, desordem hematológica de caráter hereditário que acomete expressivo número de indivíduos em várias regiões do mundo. As pesquisas realizadas em torno desta patologia da hemácia, ao longo de quase um século, a partir de 1910, cooperaram para a criação de um novo e importante segmento da ciência, denominado biologia molecular. A descoberta dos polimorfismos da mutação (GAT->GTG no gene que codifica a cadeia beta da hemoglobina, originando diferentes haplótipos da doença, permitiu um melhor e mais amplo conhecimento em torno da heterogeneidade clínica nos pacientes falcêmicos. Analisando a hemoglobina na sua estrutura normal e mutante, sua produção e evolução, pode-se ter um entendimento mais completo da fisiopatologia desta doença e da sua complexidade clínica.

Subsidence Induced Faulting Hazard risk maps in Mexico City and Morelia, central Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Cabral-Cano, E.; Solano-Rojas, D.; Hernández-Espriu, J.; Cigna, F.; Wdowinski, S.; Osmanoglu, B.; Falorni, G.; Bohane, A.; Colombo, D.

2012-12-01

Subsidence and surface faulting have affected urban areas in Central Mexico for decades and the process has intensified as a consequence of urban sprawl and economic growth. This process causes substantial damages to the urban infrastructure and housing structures and in several cities it is becoming a major factor to be considered when planning urban development, land use zoning and hazard mitigation strategies in the next decades. Subsidence is usually associated with aggressive groundwater extraction rates and a general decrease of aquifer static level that promotes soil consolidation, deformation and ultimately, surface faulting. However, local stratigraphic and structural conditions also play an important role in the development and extension of faults. Despite its potential for damaging housing, and other urban infrastructure, the economic impact of this phenomena is poorly known, in part because detailed, city-wide subsidence induced faulting risk maps have not been published before. Nevertheless, modern remote sensing techniques are most suitable for this task. We present the results of a risk analysis for subsidence induced surface faulting in two cities in central Mexico: Morelia and Mexico City. Our analysis in Mexico City and Morelia is based on a risk matrix using the horizontal subsidence gradient from a Persistent Scatterer InSAR (Morelia) and SqueeSAR (Mexico City) analysis and 2010 census population distribution data from Mexico's National Institute of Statistics and Geography. Defining subsidence induced surface faulting vulnerability within these urbanized areas is best determined using both magnitude and horizontal subsidence gradient. Our Morelia analysis (597,000 inhabitants with localized subsidence rates up to 80 mm/yr) shows that 7% of the urbanized area is under a high to very high risk level, and 14% of its population (11.7% and 2.3% respectively) lives within these areas. In the case of the Mexico City (15'490,000 inhabitants for the

Estructura del sistema legal del turismo en Venezuela | Structure of the legal system of tourism in Venezuela

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Melania Navas Graterol

2017-11-01

Full Text Available It is a fact that the social dynamic of human life, in its constant evolution promotes special and particular circumstances that the law must regulate, such as tourism. The latter, as multifaceted activity, develops into different scopes of human activities: economic, social, cultural, environmental, political and obviously, in the judicial, and requires to be regulated, supervised, encouraged and coordinated by the law. This compendium of rules integrates what is known as the Legal System Structure of the Tourism in Venezuela and they are organized in a hierarchical way, into a legal level that gives a determinate rank, which can be the same or different, and could be seen in the pyramidal model created by Hans Kelsen. The understanding of this legal system that regulates tourism through the compressive hermeneutics of its rules, allowed to find out that the legal structure is well defined within the Venezuelan touristic context. The analysis of results allowed to conclude that the norm that regulates the tourism activity in Venezuela responds to the Kelsen pyramidal model and there is a diverse number of legal instruments which contain rules that regulates it in direct way and others indirectly.

Legal Reform, De-colonization and State-building in Palestine ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Legal Reform, De-colonization and State-building in Palestine. Demands for legal reform have come from both inside and outside Palestine. Inside Palestine, legal reform is seen as a prerequisite for democracy and good governance. Outside, legal reform is perceived as integral to the continued peace process with Israel.

Aspectos Comportamentais no Julgamento Profissional dos Auditores Independentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Emerson Firmino

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Alguns estudos evidenciam que a adoção das International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS proporcionou melhorias na qualidade das informações contábeis. Mas, o conjunto de Procedimentos descritos nas IFRSs é fortemente afetado pelo julgamento profissional dos contadores. O mesmo fato ocorre com o auditor, que deve avaliar se a aplicação das normas resulta em fair presentation. Esse julgamento dependerá da interpretação do auditor sobre o nível de probabilidade associada a determinadas expressões presentes no texto das normas contábeis. Alguns autores evidenciam que existem diferenças significativas na interpretação das expressões verbais de probabilidade entre os auditores e que aspectos comportamentais estão influenciando a emissão do parecer de auditoria. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar como se comportam os auditores no julgamento de situações subjetivas, inseridos em um cenário pessimista ou otimista, no momento da avaliação dos critérios de reconhecimento e/ou mensuração, quando da execução dos trabalhos da auditoria. A amostra desta pesquisa é composta por 258 auditores independentes com registro de responsáveis técnicos junto à Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM. Os resultados obtidos, por intermédio da análise das respostas dos auditores para situações subjetivas, sugerem que o julgamento do auditor em situações de subjetividade é influenciado por aspectos comportamentais, sendo que eles podem apresentar opiniões distintas em seus relatórios.

9 CFR 93.325 - Horses from Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Horses from Mexico. 93.325 Section 93... CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Horses Mexico 18 § 93.325 Horses from Mexico. Horses offered for entry from Mexico shall be inspected as provided in §§ 93.306 and 93.323; shall be accompanied by a...

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS STUDY OF FORMATION OF FUTURE LEGAL LAWYERS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eugene Stepanovich Shevlakov

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The article deals with topical issues of formation of legal consciousness of future lawyers in high school. Obtained kinds of legal consciousness of future lawyers, determined its structure. Dedicated components of justice are mutually reinforcing, and provide an opportunity for further development of the personality of the future specialist, their personal growth.The purpose: to carry out theoretical analysis of the problem of formation of legal consciousness of future lawyers.The novelty is based. On the analysis of theoretical appro-aches of pedagogy, psychology, law, the notion of «lawfulness of the future of the law student», which is regarded as a form of social consciousness, which is a set of legal views and feelings, expressing the attitude to the law and legal phenomena that have regulatory in character and which includes know-ledge of legal phenomena and their evaluation from the point of view of fairness and justice, formed in the process of studying in the University.Results: this article analyzes different approaches to understanding the content and essence of the concept of legal consciousness of the legal profession. Define the types and structure of legal consciousness of future lawyers.

7 CFR 319.8-13 - From Northwest Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false From Northwest Mexico. 319.8-13 Section 319.8-13... for the Entry of Cotton and Covers from Mexico § 319.8-13 From Northwest Mexico. Contingent upon continued freedom of Northwest Mexico and of the West Coast of Mexico from infestations of the pink bollworm...

ASPECTOS ÉTICOS Y LEGALES DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA EN BRASIL ASPECTOS ÉTICOS E LEGAIS DA PESQUISA CIENTÍFICA NO BRASIL ETHICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN BRAZIL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Roberto da Silva

2010-06-01

ção humana, das pesquisas com populações indígenas, das pesquisas em genética humana, dos projetos multicêntricos e das bases de dados biológicas. Pode-se concluir que existem leis de amparo à pesquisa científica no Brasil, estabelecendo prioridades nacionais, determinando direitos e deveres dos pesquisadores e dos sujeitos de pesquisa. Existe um sistema nacional de regulação ética; todavía estabelecido por resoluções do poder executivo. As resoluções incluem diversas temáticas associadas com a investigação científica, incluindo as diretrizes mundiais acerca da ética em pesquisa, considerando até a Declaração de Helsinki.This article has searched and analyzed the regulatory process of the ethics of scientific research in Brazil. The methodology consisted in a systematic review, characterized by a bibliographical and documental study, results being analyzed by the content analysis technique. Legal documents studied dealt mainly with constitutional guaranties associated with scientific research, system of ethics regulation, definition of user, clinical investigations, investigations with foreign cooperation, treatment and diagnosis safeguards, human reproduction research, research with aboriginal populations, human genetics research, multicenter projects and biological data bases. It can be concluded that there are protection laws for scientific research in Brazil, establishing national priorities, determining researchers and research subjects rights and duties. There is a national system of ethics regulation established by resolutions of legislative power. Resolutions include diverse topics associated with scientific research, in line with world guidelines for research ethics, in this case the Helsinki Declaration.

The problem of the legal nature of Green Certificates in the Italian legal system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Colcelli, Valentina

2012-01-01

Green Certificates are usually described as negotiable instruments or commercial papers. The Italian legal system identifies Green Certificates as rights but, due to the ambiguity of the definition, their juridical nature remains uncertain. This reverberates on the functioning of the Green Certificates market and on the enforcement of the relevant norms. This paper discusses the actual legal nature of Green Certificates in Italy and concludes that they should be regarded as goods. This means that private law instruments apply in their market transactions, with consequent implications on the policy side. - Highlights: ► A definition of Green Certificates in the Italian legal system is provided. ► Green Certificates are not Credit Instruments. ► However, they may be negotiated separately from the energy they represent. ► Green Certificates are goods, which relate to new properties.

Supporting the legal Practitioner LKBS or the Web?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Leenes, R.E.; Svensson, Jorgen S.

1997-01-01

The legal practitioner is a knowledge worker. Two distinct technologies may be of assistance to this type of professional: legal knowledge‐based system technology and Internet World Wide Web technology. In this paper we investigate the relation between legal knowledge‐based systems and the Internet.

Realistic rhetoric and legal decision

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Maurício Adeodato

2017-06-01

Full Text Available The text aims to lay the foundations of a realistic rhetoric, from the descriptive perspective of how the legal decision actually takes place, without normative considerations. Aristotle's rhetorical idealism and its later prestige reduced rhetoric to the art of persuasion, eliminating important elements of sophistry, especially with regard to legal decision. It concludes with a rhetorical perspective of judicial activism in complex societies.

The Legality and Validity of Administrative Enforcement

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergei V. Iarkovoi

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The article discusses the concept and content of the validity of adopted by the executive authorities and other bodies of public administration legal acts and committed by them legal actions as an important characteristic of law enforcement by these bodies. The Author concludes that the validity of the administrative law enforcement is not an independent requirement for it, and acts as an integral part of its legal requirements.

Marijuana Legalization: Impact on Physicians and Public Health.

Science.gov (United States)

Wilkinson, Samuel T; Yarnell, Stephanie; Radhakrishnan, Rajiv; Ball, Samuel A; D'Souza, Deepak Cyril

2016-01-01

Marijuana is becoming legal in an increasing number of states for both medical and recreational use. Considerable controversy exists regarding the public health impact of these changes. The evidence for the legitimate medical use of marijuana or cannabinoids is limited to a few indications, notably HIV/AIDS cachexia, nausea/vomiting related to chemotherapy, neuropathic pain, and spasticity in multiple sclerosis. Although cannabinoids show therapeutic promise in other areas, robust clinical evidence is still lacking. The relationship between legalization and prevalence is still unknown. Although states where marijuana use is legal have higher rates of use than nonlegal states, these higher rates were generally found even prior to legalization. As states continue to proceed with legalization for both medical and recreational use, certain public health issues have become increasingly relevant, including the effects of acute marijuana intoxication on driving abilities, unintentional ingestion of marijuana products by children, the relationship between marijuana and opioid use, and whether there will be an increase in health problems related to marijuana use, such as dependence/addiction, psychosis, and pulmonary disorders. In light of this rapidly shifting legal landscape, more research is urgently needed to better understand the impact of legalization on public health.

Mexico tornado climatology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Macías Medrano

2013-07-01

Full Text Available A brief introduction on some features of tornado database in Mexico is exposed showing its substantive criteria. We resent a brief analysis about main Mexican tornadoes´ characteristics, based on data collected between 2000 to 2010, talking about spatial and temporal expressions (historical, seasonal and horary in order to show the importance of it destruction capacity and also the people´s vulnerability in Mexico.

Legal Frame of Non-Social Robots

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Fosch Villaronga, Eduard; Husty, M.; Hofbaur, M.; Can Dede, M.I.

2016-01-01

This paper describes some relevant legal aspects concerning non-social robots. Special attention is drawn to Person Carrier Robots (PCaR) and Physical Assistant Robots (PAR). Although concrete legal binding regulations concerning these two sub-types of Personal Care Robots (PCR) are missing, the

Formation of ideal of legal personality

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Віта Олександрівна Сліпенчук

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Problem setting. In the process of transformation of Ukrainian society towards the assimilation and implementation of basic European values such as human rights, democracy and the rule of law the role of personality that respects the dignity of others and their right to free expression in its multifaceted manifestations becomes more important. Such definitions of it assume the character of the ideal to be pursued, but that has not received adequate expression in people's minds and in practice yet. Since this ideal inextricably links right and personality, enabling the operation of law due to the special qualities of the individual, it can be defined as the ideal of legal personality. It is the formation and realization of such ideal that becomes urgent practical task of our society, which in turn requires a comprehensive theoretical understanding. Recent research and publications analysis. It should be noted that some philosophical aspects of the meaning of legal personality and its formation are revealed in the works of Ukrainian researcher in the field of philosophy of law S.I. Maksimov. However, all actual researches are based on a certain cultural and ideological tradition. The research of  a Polish-American scholar in the history of philosophical and legal thought Andrzej Walicki pays attention to the ideological and methodological potential liberal legal philosophy of the late 19th - early 20th century in the Russian Empire, realization of which, unfortunately, failed because of the violent interruption of this tradition by Bolsheviks. Researches of philosophers of law of that period are of particular significance in this issue: Ukrainian by origin and outlook Bohdan Kistyakivskiy and one of the authors of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948 Serhiy Gessen. It is reconstruction of the concept of "legal personality" in the views of philosophers of law of that period, which is really made for the first time, which will give, as

Support for Marijuana Legalization and Predictors of Intentions to Use Marijuana More Often in Response to Legalization Among U.S. Young Adults.

Science.gov (United States)

Cohn, Amy M; Johnson, Amanda L; Rose, Shyanika W; Rath, Jessica M; Villanti, Andrea C

2017-01-28

As of 2015, more than half of U.S. states have legalized, medicalized, or decriminalized marijuana. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of support for marijuana legalization in a national sample of young adults and the intention to use marijuana more frequently if it were legalized. Data were from Wave 7 (weighted N = 3532) of the Truth Initiative Young Adult Cohort, a national sample of men and women aged 18-34. We assessed demographics, past 30-day substance (alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, other drug use), depression and anxiety, social smoking, marijuana harm perceptions (relative to cigarettes), and state-level marijuana policies as correlates of support for marijuana legalization and intentions to use marijuana more often if it were legalized. Multivariable models of correlates of support for legalization and intentions to use marijuana were conducted separately for the full sample and for nonmarijuana users. Weighted estimates showed that 39% of the full sample and 9% of nonmarijuana users supported marijuana legalization. Multivariable models showed that lower marijuana harm perceptions and lifetime and past 30-day tobacco use were common predictors of support for marijuana legalization and intentions to use marijuana among non-users of marijuana. Conclusions/Importance: Over a third of the sample supported marijuana legalization. Tobacco use and perceptions that marijuana is less harmful than cigarettes were robust risk correlates of support for marijuana legalization and intentions to use more frequently among nonusers. Public health campaigns should target these factors to deter marijuana-related harm in susceptible young adults.

Yes… Mexico is a racist country

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Carrales, Juan Carlos Finck

2017-01-01

According to recent official statistics, in Mexico there is a relation between people’s privileges and their skin color: The lighter, the more privilege. However, social exclusion by racist practices in Mexico has been common practically since its Spanish conquest between 1519 and 1521, in which...... privileges where absorbed and monopolized by European settlers in Mexico (Spanish people: peninsulares) and their descendants (creole: criollos). As a consequence, currently in Mexico, the color of skin affects people’s economic and political privileges and powers in individual and social levels related...

Legal briefing: home birth and midwifery.

Science.gov (United States)

Pope, Thaddeus Mason; Fisch, Deborah

2013-01-01

This issue's "Legal Briefing" column covers recent legal developments involving home birth and midwifery in the United States. Specifically, we focus on new legislative, regulatory, and judicial acts that impact women's' access to direct entry (non-nurse) midwives. We categorize these legal developments into the following 12 categories. 1. Background and History 2. Certified Nurse-Midwives 3. Direct Entry Midwives 4. Prohibition of Direct Entry Midwives 5. Enforcement of Prohibition 6. Challenges to Prohibition 7. Forbearance without License 8. Voluntary Licensure 9. Unclear and Uncertain Status 10. Growth of DEM Licensure 11. Licensure Restrictions 12. Medicaid Coverage

Medical legal aspects of radiation oncology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wall, Terry J.

1996-01-01

The theoretical basis of, and practical experience in, legal liability in the clinical practice of radiation oncology is reviewed, with a view to developing suggestions to help practitioners limit their exposure to liability. New information regarding the number, size, and legal theories of litigation against radiation oncologists is presented. The most common legal bases of liability are then explored in greater detail, including 'malpractice', and informed consent, with suggestions of improving the specialty's record of documenting informed consent. Collateral consequences of suffering a malpractice claim (i.e., the National Practitioner Data Bank) will also be briefly discussed

Aspectos legais da enfermagem hiperbárica brasileira: por que regulamentar? Aspectos legales de la enfermería hiperbárica brasileña: ¿por que reglamentar? Legal issues of Brazilian hyperbaric nursing: why regulate?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leila Milman Alcantara

2010-04-01

Brazilian Society of Hyperbaric Medicine, on Brazilian Chapter of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, on Regulating Rules of the Ministry of Labor and on the Code of Ethics of Nursing Professionals, as instruments still insufficient to legalize the Hyperbaric Nurse, its procedures in hyperbaric conditions and pressurized environments. It allowed pondering on the disclosure of the state of art of hyperbaric nursing, as well as the incorporation of this activity in relation to the specialties on the COFEN Resolution 290/2004 and postgraduate courses in Nursing.

Society as a crime victim of legal entities

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tanjević Nataša

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Tortious acts of legal entities have unforeseen harmful consequences in all areas. In the greedy desire to gain profit, certain legal entities do not have any regard for the most important resources of individuals and society. Damage resulting from the commission of criminal acts is very high for the whole society, especially when it comes to crimes against the environment. In order to prevent and combat corporate crime in criminal law, an increasingly wider acceptance of criminal liability of legal entities was adopted. This paper discusses the basic characteristics of corporate crime, as well as the reasons for the introduction of the criminal responsibility of legal entities. In this regard, we analyzed the law provisions regarding the liability of legal entities for criminal offenses, and concluded that despite the criminal-political need to react with more serious sanctions to the offenses of legal entities, there are certain obstacles and problems that stand in the way of introducing this responsibility.

Aspectos motivacionais e afetivos na mediação de professores alfabetizadores

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Azevedo, Cleomar

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo é o resultado de uma pesquisa que parte da seguinte questão: o que diferencia o professor que obtém sucesso no processo de alfabetização? Levanto a hipótese que na mediação os aspectos motivacionais e afetivos são componentes que se fazem presente na atuação desses professores alfabetizadores. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de levantar os aspectos motivacionais e afetivos na mediação do processo de alfabetização, através da fala de professores alfabetizadores. Foram entrevistados 18 professores com a premissa de serem bons alfabetizadores. Investigar o que mobiliza e caracteriza a ação dos docentes, que mesmo possuindo inúmeras variáveis que interfiram negativamente nesse processo, conseguem obter êxito no desenvolvimento da alfabetização de seus alunos é uma possibilidade de levantar questões voltadas à problemática da aprendizagem do processo de alfabetização

Legal aspects of nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kraut, A.

1981-01-01

The legal basis for the use of nuclear energy is generally given by an Atomic Energy Act. Additionally, however, a system of regulations and standards has to be set up to lay down more detailed requirements. The fundamental philosophy and strategy has to be specified by governmental organizations. For the specification and implementation of the requirements some minimum organizational arrangements are necessary, which are not only restricted to governmental organizations. Furthermore procedural regulations have to be laid down before the implementation phase. This includes aspects like public participation in the licensing procedure. In practice, however, the implementation of the legal requirements always shows some weakness of the basic legal requirements. To learn from this experience some examples are presented, which gave rise to difficulties in the implementation procedure. (orig./RW)

Paternity tests in Mexico: Results obtained in 3005 cases.

Science.gov (United States)

García-Aceves, M E; Romero Rentería, O; Díaz-Navarro, X X; Rangel-Villalobos, H

2018-04-01

National and international reports regarding the paternity testing activity scarcely include information from Mexico and other Latin American countries. Therefore, we report different results from the analysis of 3005 paternity cases analyzed during a period of five years in a Mexican paternity testing laboratory. Motherless tests were the most frequent (77.27%), followed by trio cases (20.70%); the remaining 2.04% included different cases of kinship reconstruction. The paternity exclusion rate was 29.58%, higher but into the range reported by the American Association of Blood Banks (average 24.12%). We detected 65 mutations, most of them involving one-step (93.8% and the remaining were two-step mutations (6.2%) thus, we were able to estimate the paternal mutation rate for 17 different STR loci: 0.0018 (95% CI 0.0005-0.0047). Five triallelic patterns and 12 suspected null alleles were detected during this period; however, re-amplification of these samples with a different Human Identification (HID) kit confirmed the homozygous genotypes, which suggests that most of these exclusions actually are one-step mutations. HID kits with ≥20 STRs detected more exclusions, diminishing the rate of inconclusive results with isolated exclusions (Powerplex 21 kit (20 STRs) and Powerplex Fusion kit (22 STRs) offered similar PI (p = 0.379) and average number of exclusions (PE) (p = 0.339) when a daughter was involved in motherless tests. In brief, besides to report forensic parameters from paternity tests in Mexico, results describe improvements to solve motherless paternity tests using HID kits with ≥20 STRs instead of one including 15 STRs. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.

Responsive Legal Approach to Law of Human Trafficking in Indonesia

Science.gov (United States)

Farhana

2018-01-01

Formation and legal changes influenced by the social and political dynamics. Law understood as the rules are rigid and too much emphasis on the legal aspects of the legal system or emphasize aspects of the legitimacy of the rules themselves, without associated with social problems. A Responsive legal approach is an approach the legal establishment…

Creating a Danish legal language: legal terminology in the medieval Law of Scania

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tamm, Ditlev; Vogt, Helle

2013-01-01

In the decades after 1200 the kingdom of Denmark developed a corpus of provincial laws written in Danish for the three major legal provinces. With the legislation for the eastern province of Scania as a starting point, this article shows how the writing down of the law led not only to the creatio...... of a legal language but to a written vernacular language in general. It was not until the fifteenth century that written Danish was found outside of texts; charters and narrative until that point had been written in Latin....

Curbing Abuses of Legal Power in the Society

OpenAIRE

Tajudeen Ojo Ibraheem

2015-01-01

In a world characterized by greed and the lust for power and its attendant trappings, abuse of legal power is nothing new to most of us. Legal abuses of power abound in all fields of human endeavour. Accounts of such abuses dominate the mass media and for the average individual, no single day goes by without his getting to hear about at least one such occurrence. This paper briefly looks at the meaning of legal power, what legal abuse is all about, its causes, and some of...

Satisfacción con el aspecto dental general y tratamientos deseados en estudiantes universitarios

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Clarisse Virginia Díaz Reissner

2015-08-01

Full Text Available La apariencia dental es considerada un componente de la belleza facial, que al ser restaurada por el odontólogo, podría influir con un efecto positivo en la valoración personal y la calidad de vida. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la satisfacción general con la apariencia dental en estudiantes de las carreras de Artes Visuales y Diseño de Indumentaria del Instituto Superior de Arte de la Facultad de Arquitectura Diseño y Arte de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción, matriculados en el 2014. Se aplicó un cuestionario que contenía preguntas sobre datos demográficos, satisfacción con el aspecto dental general y con diversos aspectos dentales, así como también sobre el tratamiento estético deseado. La muestra quedó conformada por 108 estudiantes, que corresponde al 49,1% de la población. Se observó que el 48,2% se encontraba insatisfecho con el aspecto general de sus dientes, siendo los tratamientos de elección: blanqueamiento (63,9% y ortodoncia (47,2%. Los factores predisponentes a la insatisfacción fueron residir en Gran Asunción e interior del país y percibir sus dientes como desalineados. Por otro lado, favoreció la satisfacción el haberse sentirse a gusto con el color de sus dientes.

Legal Information Sources: An Annotated Bibliography.

Science.gov (United States)

Conner, Ronald C.

This 25-page annotated bibliography describes the legal reference materials in the special collection of a medium-sized public library. Sources are listed in 12 categories: cases, dictionaries, directories, encyclopedias, forms, references for the lay person, general, indexes, laws and legislation, legal research aids, periodicals, and specialized…

Rule of law and legal epistemology

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Tjong Tjin Tai, Eric; Feteris, Eveline; Kloosterhuis, Harm; Plug, José; Smith, Carel

2016-01-01

In the positivistic conception of law, sources of law (statute, precedent) are strictly distinguished from other legal materials such as doctrine. Courts as well as academia are, however, beginning to recognise the legal relevance of doctrine and case law of lower courts. This acceptance of such

Legal culture as a factor of social stability

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M M Akulich

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The article examines legal culture as a factor of stability in developing societies referring to the concepts of culture proposed by P.A. Sorokin, L.N. Kogan, M.T. Iovchuk and other famous sociologists. The authors state that in the modern sociological literature legal culture is studied mainly from the theoretical rather than empirical standpoint: the sociology has accumulated a lot of data on the legal culture, although its study in the context of agreements and conflicts, stability and destructiveness is not enough. Legal culture should be regarded as a regulator and stabilizer of social interactions and relationships in both specific countries and the global space. Thus, identifying regional and global aspects of legal culture has become an important theoretical problem of the sociological studies nowadays as well as considering legal culture in relation to moral, economic and political values and priorities. The authors argue that it is not possible to build a state of law and civil society without raising the level of legal culture, and present the results of the sociological study of the legal culture in the south of the Tyumen region conducted in 2013. This survey revealed an average level of following the law in 55% of the local population, although 90% consider themselves law-abiding citizens. At the same time, 46% believe in the possibility to manipulate the law, and 60% approve the principle of equity of the law. The authors conclude that the identified average level of legal culture among the local population is an indicator of a quite stable and successful development of the region under study.

New Mexico Property Tax Districts

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — This layer represents boundaries for New Mexico tax district "OUT" categories and incorporated/municipal "IN" categories as identified on the "Certificate of Tax...

The Politics of Legal Arrangements

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Leander, Anna

2018-01-01

This article explores the place of formal legal arrangements in the politics surrounding the hybrid, enmeshed public-in-the-private forms of authority this special issue focuses on. It does so by analyzing the significance of one specific legal arrangement, the Duty of Care, for the politics...... and divisions currently organizing debates about the regulation of commercial security as well as about managerialism in international law more generally....

[Biopiracy: about its legal meanings].

Science.gov (United States)

Ramírez García, Hugo Saúl

2009-01-01

This article explores the legal meanings of biopiracy concept, linked to subjects such as intellectual property rights on genetic resources, bioprospecting contracts, right to food, and food security. It overcomes the critical function of biopiracy concept related to world-wide extended tendencies: privatization and technification. Likewise, protectionism shows the opportunity that biopiracy concept represents for the enrichment of the legal interpretation related to the bioethical statue of biotech developments.

German Legal History: National Traditions and Transnational Perspectives

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thomas Duve

2014-01-01

Full Text Available In this article, I review select institutional and analytical traditions of Legal History in 20th century Germany, in order to put forth some recommendations for the future development of our discipline. A careful examination of the evolution of Legal History in Germany in the last twenty-five years, in particular, reveals radical transformations in the research framework: Within the study of law, there has been a shift in the internal reference points for Legal History. While the discipline is opening up to new understandings of law and to its neighboring disciplines, its institutional position at the law departments has become precarious. Research funding is being allocated in new ways and the German academic system is witnessing ever more internal differentiation. Internationally, German contributions and analytic traditions are receiving less attention and are being marginalized as new regions enter into a global dialogue on law and its history. The German tradition of research in Legal History had for long been setting benchmarks internationally; now it has to reflect upon and react to new global knowledge systems that have emerged in light of the digital revolution and the transnationalization of legal and academic systems. If legal historians in Germany accept the challenge these changing conditions pose, thrilling new intellectual and also institutional opportunities emerge. Especially the transnationalization of law and the need for a transnational legal scholarship offers fascinating perspectives for Legal History.

Atitudes frente a aspectos relevantes da prática médica: estudo transversal randomizado com alunos de segundo e sexto anos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriana Rainha Mascia

Full Text Available Estudo transversal com duas amostras randomizadas de 50 alunos do segundo e 50 do sexto ano de graduação em Medicina. Foi aplicado um questionário com questões abertas e a escala "Instrumento de avaliação de atitudes de estudantes de medicina frente a aspectos relevantes da prática médica" (Colares, 2002. A escala contém 52 questões referentes à: 1. Aspectos psicológicos e emocionais nas doenças orgânicas e mentais; 2. Manejo de situações relacionadas à morte; 3. Atenção primária à saúde; 4. Aspectos relacionados à doença mental; 5. Contribuição do médico ao avanço científico da medicina; 6. Outros aspectos relacionados à atuação médica e às políticas de saúde. As atitudes são categorizadas em positivas, negativas e conflitantes. Observou-se que os estudantes apresentaram atitudes positivas frente a pelo menos três dos seis aspectos abordados; os alunos do segundo ano e do sexto ano apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa (chi² = 6,901, g.l. = 1, p < 0,05 nas atitudes relacionadas ao fator 2 (manejo de situações relacionadas à morte.

Piercing and Tattoos in Adolescents: Legal and Medico-legal Implications.

Science.gov (United States)

Conti, Adelaide; Bin, Paola; Casella, Claudia; Capasso, Emanuele; Fedeli, Piergiorgio; Salzano, Francesco Antonio; Terracciano, Lucia; Piras, Mauro

2018-01-01

Non-therapeutic body modification interventions are permitted within the limits of the use of one's own body that can be specified in the legal system. The authors take into consideration Italian regulation on tattooing and piercing, in particular in relation to adolescents. In Italy, several regions have therefore issued acts aimed at regulating the activities of tattoo and piercing also in reference to minors. Discussion. With regard to minors, the rules taken into account set precise limits in relation to the age criterion and subordinate the implementation of such practices to the provision of consent by legal representatives. If such practices are of an aesthetic nature, we cannot avoid considering the implications they have on health protection, and then adopt appropriate measures to protect the person who intends to undergo them, particularly in the case of minors.

Piercing and Tattoos in Adolescents: Legal and Medico-legal Implications

Science.gov (United States)

Conti, Adelaide; Bin, Paola; Casella, Claudia; Capasso, Emanuele; Fedeli, Piergiorgio; Salzano, Francesco Antonio; Terracciano, Lucia; Piras, Mauro

2018-01-01

Abstract Non-therapeutic body modification interventions are permitted within the limits of the use of one’s own body that can be specified in the legal system. The authors take into consideration Italian regulation on tattooing and piercing, in particular in relation to adolescents. Results In Italy, several regions have therefore issued acts aimed at regulating the activities of tattoo and piercing also in reference to minors. Discussion. With regard to minors, the rules taken into account set precise limits in relation to the age criterion and subordinate the implementation of such practices to the provision of consent by legal representatives. Conclusion If such practices are of an aesthetic nature, we cannot avoid considering the implications they have on health protection, and then adopt appropriate measures to protect the person who intends to undergo them, particularly in the case of minors. PMID:29675481

Who presents past the gestational age limit for first trimester abortion in the public sector in Mexico City?

Science.gov (United States)

Saavedra-Avendano, Biani; Schiavon, Raffaela; Sanhueza, Patricio; Rios-Polanco, Ranulfo; Garcia-Martinez, Laura; Darney, Blair G.

2018-01-01

Objective To identify socio-demographic factors associated with presenting for abortion services past the gestational age (GA) limit (12 weeks), and thus not receiving services, in Mexico City’s public sector first trimester abortion program. Methods We used clinical data from four high volume sites in the Interrupción Legal de Embarazo (ILE) program, 2007–2015. We used descriptive statistics to quantify the proportion of women who did not receive an abortion due to presenting past the gestational age limit. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify associations between women’s characteristics and presenting past the GA limit and calculated predicted probabilities of late presentation for key characteristics. Results Our sample included 52,391 women, 8.10% (n = 4,246) of whom did not receive abortion services due to presenting past the GA limit. Adolescents (12–17) made up 8.69% of the total sample and 13.40% of those presenting past the GA limit (p = 40 years’ old respectively). Women living in Mexico City and with higher levels of education had lower odds of presenting past the GA limit, and there was an educational gradient across all age groups. In the multivariable predicted probability models, adolescents at every level of education have significantly higher probabilities of not receiving an abortion due to presenting past the gestational age limit compared with adults (among women with a primary education: 11.75% adolescents vs. 9.02–4.26% across adult age groups). Conclusions Our results suggest that continued efforts are needed to educate women, especially younger and less educated women, about early pregnancy recognition. In addition, all women need information about the availability of first trimester legal abortion to ensure timely access to abortion services. PMID:29414987

Who presents past the gestational age limit for first trimester abortion in the public sector in Mexico City?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Biani Saavedra-Avendano

Full Text Available To identify socio-demographic factors associated with presenting for abortion services past the gestational age (GA limit (12 weeks, and thus not receiving services, in Mexico City's public sector first trimester abortion program.We used clinical data from four high volume sites in the Interrupción Legal de Embarazo (ILE program, 2007-2015. We used descriptive statistics to quantify the proportion of women who did not receive an abortion due to presenting past the gestational age limit. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify associations between women's characteristics and presenting past the GA limit and calculated predicted probabilities of late presentation for key characteristics.Our sample included 52,391 women, 8.10% (n = 4,246 of whom did not receive abortion services due to presenting past the GA limit. Adolescents (12-17 made up 8.69% of the total sample and 13.40% of those presenting past the GA limit (p = 40 years' old respectively. Women living in Mexico City and with higher levels of education had lower odds of presenting past the GA limit, and there was an educational gradient across all age groups. In the multivariable predicted probability models, adolescents at every level of education have significantly higher probabilities of not receiving an abortion due to presenting past the gestational age limit compared with adults (among women with a primary education: 11.75% adolescents vs. 9.02-4.26% across adult age groups.Our results suggest that continued efforts are needed to educate women, especially younger and less educated women, about early pregnancy recognition. In addition, all women need information about the availability of first trimester legal abortion to ensure timely access to abortion services.

Choice: Ethical and Legal Rehabilitation Challenges.

Science.gov (United States)

Patterson, Jeanne Boland; Patrick, Adele; Parker, Randall M.

2000-01-01

The concept of choice has evolved into legal mandates and ethical challenges for rehabilitation professionals during the latter part of the 20th century. This article identifies the ethical and legal issues related to choice, summarizes a pilot project on rehabilitation counselors' perceptions of choice, and provides recommendations for…

New Mexico Charter Schools Annual Report

Science.gov (United States)

New Mexico Public Education Department, 2013

2013-01-01

In 2011, the New Mexico legislature passed changes to the Charter School Act that provided more accountability for both charters and authorizers in New Mexico. As part of that law, the Public Education Department (PED) is asked to submit an annual report on the status of charter schools in New Mexico. This is the first report submitted under that…

Marijuana Legalization: Impact on Physicians and Public Health

Science.gov (United States)

Wilkinson, Samuel T.; Yarnell, Stephanie; Radhakrishnan, Rajiv; Ball, Samuel A.; D'Souza, Deepak Cyril

2016-01-01

Marijuana is becoming legal in an increasing number of states for both medical and recreational use. Considerable controversy exists regarding the public health impact of these changes. The evidence for the legitimate medical use of marijuana or cannabinoids is limited to a few indications, notably HIV/AIDS cachexia, nausea/vomiting related to chemotherapy, neuropathic pain, and spasticity in multiple sclerosis. Although cannabinoids show therapeutic promise in other areas, robust clinical evidence is still lacking. The relationship between legalization and prevalence is still unknown. Although states where marijuana use is legal have higher rates of use than nonlegal states, these higher rates were generally found even prior to legalization. As states continue to proceed with legalization for both medical and recreational use, certain public health issues have become increasingly relevant, including the effects of acute marijuana intoxication on driving abilities, unintentional ingestion of marijuana products by children, the relationship between marijuana and opioid use, and whether there will be an increase in health problems related to marijuana use, such as dependence/addiction, psychosis, and pulmonary disorders. In light of this rapidly shifting legal landscape, more research is urgently needed to better understand the impact of legalization on public health. PMID:26515984

The electric energy and the environment in Mexico. Volume 3; Energia electrica y medio ambiente en Mexico. Volumen 3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Quintanilla Martinez, Juan [eds.] [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1997-12-31

This document is the third one of three volumes of the 1. Seminar on the Current Conditions and Perspectives of the Electric Sector in Mexico, organized by the Programa Universitario de Energia and the Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas (University Program of Energy and the Institute of Economic Research), both of them agencies of the Universidad Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM). The titles of the three volumes are the following: Volume 1.- The opening of the Mexican Electric Sector to foreign investment. Volume 2.- Concrete innovation and technological learning experiences at the Luz y Fuerza del Centro enterprise. Volume 3.- The Electric Energy and the Environment in Mexico. This third volume covers the following subjects: Hydroelectricity, land use and water managing; the electric generation in Mexico and its environmental impact, the nuclear electricity and the handling of radioactive materials; the exposure to electromagnetic fields and its association with children`s leukemia; the energy in Mexico and the sustainable development; potential of electricity generation in large scale with wind power in Mexico; towards a scheme of distributed electric power generation with non-conventional energies and renewable energy sources in Mexico in the 21Century. These documents were elaborated by specialists of the electric sector, from the sector itself as well as from private and public academic entities [Espanol] Este documento constituye el tercero de tres volumenes del Primer Seminario sobre Situacion y Perspectivas del Sector Electrico en Mexico, organizado por el Programa Universitario de Energia y el Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas, ambas dependencias de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM). Los titulos de los tres volumenes son los siguientes: volumen 1: La apertura externa del sector electrico mexicano, volumen 2: Experiencias concretas de innovacion y aprendizaje tecnologico en la empresa Luz y Fuerza del Centro, volumen 3: Energia electrica

HSIP Hospitals in New Mexico

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — Hospitals in New Mexico The term "hospital" ... means an institution which- (1) is primarily engaged in providing, by or under the supervision of physicians, to...

Visions of the Future of (Legal) Education

OpenAIRE

Madison, Michael

2017-01-01

One law professor takes a stab at imagining an ideal law school of the future and describing how to get there. The Essay spells out a specific possible vision, taking into account changes to the demand for legal services and changes to the economics and composition of the legal profession. That thought experiment leads to a series of observations about values and vision in legal education in general and about what it might take to move any vision forward.

Legal regulation of treatment of wild animals

OpenAIRE

Kolečkářová, Eliška

2014-01-01

The diploma thesis deals with the legal regulation of the treatment with wild animals. It compares different terms used in legal regulation of protection of animals. It specified differences between concept of an animal in private law and public law. The diploma thesis is focused on possibilities of gaining ownership to the wild animals, proving origin of animals bred in human care. It concerns with legal regulation of treatment with handicap animals. The diploma thesis analyzes preparation a...

Crime and the Legalization of Recreational Marijuana

OpenAIRE

Dragone, Davide; Prarolo, Giovanni; Vanin, Paolo; Zanella, Giulio

2017-01-01

We provide first-pass evidence that the legalization of the cannabis market across US states may be inducing a crime drop. Exploiting the recent staggered legalization enacted by the adjacent states of Washington (end of 2012) and Oregon (end of 2014) we find, combining county-level difference-in-differences and spatial regression discontinuity designs, that the legalization of recreational marijuana caused a significant reduction of rapes and thefts on the Washington side of the border in 20...

A computerized legal information management system | Ohiagu ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

A computerized legal information management system. ... process through the filling system using the survey research methodology. ... A framework for the design and implementation of a legal information management system was presented.

Clarity Versus Accuracy and Objectivity in Written Legal English

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Violeta Janulevičienė

2011-12-01

Full Text Available This paper is an attempt to analyse the most important grammatical and, specifically, syntactic features and to point out some prominent lexical ones, which aim at accuracy and objectivity of a written legal document, and to discuss how these features influence clarity and transparency of the legal documents. The study covers the analysis of some EU, UK, US legislative acts alongside with some extracts from contract samples. The analysis reveals that written legal English is distinguished by long compound sentences, often with inverted word order and numerous embeddings, passive constructions and nominalisations, specific use of personal pronouns and collocations of synonyms (doublets and triplets, etc. These means allow to achieve the most possible accuracy and objectivity in legal texts but make them complicated and difficult to comprehend at once. Formality, achieved by the mentioned means, makes legal English distant from everyday language and often becomes a reason for criticism. Plain English supporters encourage simplifying legal language; however, long traditions of legal English make changes slow and difficult. Therefore, comprehension and usage of legal English still requires special knowledge of its lexical and grammatical features.

" Canvas " and the Legal Business Model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Frederico de Andrade Gabrich

2016-06-01

Full Text Available There is no idea, business or company, private or public control, which does not require an appropriate legal strategy to be implemented as efficiently as possible. Therefore, there is no way actually know the areas of law that are directly related to the business organization, without analysis of the planning logic and implementation of ideas generally used by companies. More than that, the combination of modeling and business planning is essential, with appropriate legal and related strategic planning of business objectives. So it’s the need and the importance of developing a Legal Business Model that can be used in combination with Canvas.

Direito a moradia e inclusão social: aspectos positivos e negativos do "programa minha casa minha vida"

OpenAIRE

Desordi, Jordana Laís; Strücker, Bianca

2016-01-01

O presente artigo pretende analisar aspectos conceituais e doutrinários referentes ao direito à moradia e à inclusão social, fazendo referência aos aspectos positivos e negativos do programa habitacional brasileiro “Minha Casa Minha Vida” (PMCMV). A pesquisa dá ênfase ao PMCMV, momento em que é analisada a legislação que cria e institui o Programa em suas duas versões existentes até este momento. Destaca-se, ainda, os reflexos que o programa causou ao proporcionar o acesso do indivíduo a sua ...

A import??ncia dos aspectos psicomotores na educa????o infantil

OpenAIRE

Silva, ??talo Cardoso Barreto da

2016-01-01

Introdu????o: Os aspectos psicomotores proporcionam atribui????es significativas para o desenvolvimento do aluno e pode ainda contribuir para sua evolu????o cognitiva, o tornando h??bil para realiza????o de diferentes movimentos. A educa????o f??sica escolar tem o poder de criar, estimular uma ampla gama de a????es motoras, novas viv??ncias que iriam estimular e desenvolver as crian??as. Criando tamb??m a capacidade de inclus??o, diversidade, respeito entre elas e quem as cerca. Objetivo: O p...

Tillandsia recurvata L. (Bromeliaceae: aspectos farmacognósticos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alex Lucena de Vasconcelos

2013-01-01

Full Text Available A cobertura superior das florestas tropicais, formada pelas copas das árvores, constitui um ambiente de extrema diversidade vegetal. Contribuindo com a grande riqueza dessas florestas encontram-se as espécies botânicas epífitas, cuja importância pode ser observada do ponto de vista ecológico, faunístico, etnobotânico e até mesmo farmacológico. Dentre as espécies adaptadas à vida epifítica podemos citar as bromeliáceas, que compõem uma das famílias mais representativas dessa flora com elevada variabilidade genética. Tillandsia recurvata é uma espécie epífita cosmopolita, nativa, adaptada a habitats áridos, utilizada para o tratamento de diversas doenças, mas pouco se tem publicado a respeito das comprovações científicas de suas propriedades. O presente trabalho revisa os aspectos etnofarmacológicos, atividades biológicas e compostos químicos relacionados à espécie em questão, pertencente à Bromeliaceae. A partir do levantamento de dados realizado, observa-se que esta se trata de uma espécie de conhecido uso popular no tratamento de diferentes distúrbios, com alguns estudos farmacológicos que comprovam suas propriedades terapêuticas. Do ponto de vista químico observa-se a presença de terpenos, flavonoides e derivados cinâmicos em sua constituição, em que alguns compostos isolados ilustram a potencialidade desta espécie como fonte de biomoléculas de interesse. Todos estes aspectos considerados nesta revisão contribuem para o conhecimento a respeito da importância biológica e o potencial terapêutico acerca dos metabólitos desta promissora espécie.

4 CFR 83.18 - Rights of legal guardians.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 4 Accounts 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Rights of legal guardians. 83.18 Section 83.18 Accounts GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE RECORDS PRIVACY PROCEDURES FOR PERSONNEL RECORDS § 83.18 Rights of legal guardians. For the purposes of this part, the parent of any minor, or the legal guardian of any individual...

Dosimetry through the Secondary Laboratory of Dosimetric Calibration of Mexico; Dosimetria a traves del Laboratorio Secundario de Calibracion Dosimetrica de Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tovar M, V.M.; Alvarez R, J.T.; Medina O, V.P.; Vergara M, F.; Anaya M, R.; Cejudo A, J.; Salinas L, B. [ININ, A.P. 18-1027, 11801 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

2004-07-01

In the beginnings of the sixty years an urgent necessity is presented mainly in the developing countries, of improving in important form the accuracy in the dosimetry of external faces in therapy of radiations (radiotherapy centers), mainly in the calibration of ''clinical dosemeters''. In 1976 the International Atomic Energy Agency, (IAEA), and the World Health Organization, (WHO), they carried out a mutual agreement with regard to the establishment and operation of a net of Secondary Patron Laboratories of Dosimetry, (LSCD). The necessity to establish measure patterns in the field of the dosimetry of the ionizing radiations, is necessary, to have an accuracy but high in the dosimetry of the radiation beams in therapy which is highly dependent of the dose given to the tumor of those patient with cancer. Similar levels of accuracy are required in protection measures to the radiation with an acceptable smaller accuracy, however, when the personal dosemeters are used to determine the doses received by the individuals under work conditions, such mensurations in therapy of radiations and radiological protection will have traceability through a chain of comparisons to primary or national patterns. The traceability is necessary to assure the accuracy and acceptability of the dosimetric measures, as well as, the legal and economic implications. The traceability is also necessary in the dosimetry of high dose like in the sterilization of different products. The main function of the LSCD is to provide a service in metrology of ionizing radiations, maintaining the secondary or national patterns, which have a traceability to the International System of measures, which is based for if same in the comparison of patterns in the Primary Laboratories of Dosimetry (LPD) under the auspice of the International Office of Weights and Measure (BIPM). The secondary and national patterns in the LSCD constitute in Mexico, the national patterns of the magnitudes in the

The Legal Regulation of Cybersecurity

OpenAIRE

Darius Štitilis

2013-01-01

Cybercrime has become a global phenomenon, which is causing more harm to individual citizens, organizations, society and the state. Most countries in the world compare cybercrime with offences such as terrorism and drug trafficking due to its risks and profitability. Cybersecurity is the central category to fight cybercrime in cyberspace. Therefore, the strategic legal regulation of cybersecurity is one of the most relevant problems in EU, including Lithuania. So far cybersecurity legal regul...

New Mexico State Forestry Districts

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — This dataset contains boundaries of the New Mexico Forestry Districts, plus the names of the district offices. It is in a vector digital structure digitized from a...

Digital Geologic Map of New Mexico - Formations

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — The geologic map was created in GSMAP at Socorro, New Mexico by Orin Anderson and Glen Jones and published as the Geologic Map of New Mexico 1:500,000 in GSMAP...

The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime

OpenAIRE

John Donohue; Steven Levitt

2000-01-01

We offer evidence that legalized abortion has contributed significantly to recent crime reductions. Crime began to fall roughly 18 years after abortion legalization. The 5 states that allowed abortion in 1970 experienced declines earlier than the rest of the nation, which legalized in 1973 with Roe v. Wade. States with high abortion rates in the 1970s and 1980s experienced greater crime reductions in the 1990s. In high abortion states, only arrests of those born after abortion legaliz...

31 CFR 3.3 - Legal review.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Legal review. 3.3 Section 3.3 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury CLAIMS REGULATIONS AND INDEMNIFICATION OF DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY EMPLOYEES Claims Under the Federal Tort Claims Act § 3.3 Legal review. Any...

31 CFR 3.22 - Legal review.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Legal review. 3.22 Section 3.22 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury CLAIMS REGULATIONS AND INDEMNIFICATION OF DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY EMPLOYEES Claims Under the Small Claims Act § 3.22 Legal review. Claims...

Traditional Festivals to Become Legal Holidays

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2007-01-01

@@ As nearly everyone knows already,the state is going to rearrange the schedule of legal holidays. The four traditional Chinese festivals, inluding Mid-Autumn Day, Dragon Boat Festival,Tomb-Sweeping Day and Spring Festival Eve, will be made into legal holidays. As for the Golden Week system, should it be continued or canceled?

16 CFR 698.2 - Legal effect.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Legal effect. 698.2 Section 698.2 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT MODEL FORMS AND DISCLOSURES § 698.2 Legal effect. These model forms and disclosures prescribed by the FTC do not constitute a trade regulation rule...

Representation and Non-representation of Knowledge Mediation in Legal Contracts

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Aase Voldgaard

takes place in different ways. A survey among lawyers (Larsen 2009) showed that, concerning legal contracts, mediation of knowledge is largely performed by legal experts, i.e. lawyers, to their clients during personal consultations before the contract is signed. Many lawyers prefer to explain difficult......In this paper, focus is on mediation of legal knowledge between expert and layman in connection with German legal contracts. Focus is not, however, on the role of a classical mediator (e.g. a translator), but on knowledge mediation performed by the expert himself. This mediation of legal knowledge...... for the layman. Some legal experts, however, take these problems into account and mediate the legal knowledge that the layman is expected to be lacking in the wording of the legal contract. Using methods of text analysis, this paper explores the ways in which this is done. On the one hand, it is seen...

Jeroky Mbaekua - aspectos da etnoarte indígena.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oseias de Oliveira

2015-06-01

Full Text Available A idéia de arte compartilhada na cultura ocidental tradicionalmente tem sido entendida a partir de elementos conceituais e categorizações que não podem ser aplicados na cultura indígena. Assim, considerar a arte indígena significa observar sua complexidade, de forma a perpassar todas as instâncias da vida desses sujeitos. Desta forma, o texto busca discutir aspectos da etnoarte indígena que não é focada em uma noção de arte centralizada e homogeneizadora mas, sim atenta à uma perspectiva que busca contemplar melhor o seu modo de construção de símbolos, significados e representações culturais.

Tabaco y salud infantil: un aspecto no suficientemente valorado

OpenAIRE

Rubio, Ivonne; Kanopa, Virginia

2015-01-01

La campaña que se desarrolla en Uruguay contra el consumo de tabaco enfatiza sobre los efectos nocivos que produce el cigarrillo en la salud de la población adulta que fuma y en fumadores pasivos. La disminución de afecciones cardiovasculares como el infarto de miocardio y del cáncer de pulmón ha mostrado resultados alentadores en relación a la disminución del número de consumidores, si bien aún no se ha logrado el descenso esperado. La campaña enfoca varios aspectos dirigidos a la presentaci...

Migration, Multiple Citizenships, and the Right toParticipate in Official Electoral Bodies in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Antonio Rojas Choza

2017-07-01

Full Text Available El fenómeno migratorio en México y el recono-cimiento de la ciudadanía múltiple ha abierto dis-tintas problemáticas en torno al ejercicio de los derechos políticos, en particular, el derecho a in-tegrar autoridades electorales. El objetivo del pre-sente texto es reflejar cuantitativamente la posible dimensión de la ciudadanía múltiple en México, producto de la creciente migración internacional, y realizar un análisis jurídico de las restricciones por motivo de la ciudadanía múltiple en el ejerci-cio de la función electoral. Para el caso de Méxi-co, dichas restricciones son discriminatorias y no guardan razonabilidad ni proporcionalidad entre los distintos cargos, sean autoridades electorales administrativas o jurisdiccionales. / Migration and the recognition of multiple citizenship have opened up different problems in the exercise of political rights, and specifically, the right to be part of official electoral bodies. This article aims to quantify the possible effects of multiple citizenship in Mexico due to growing international migration, as well as to analyze the legal restrictions on the exercise of electoral rights due to multiple citizenship. In the case of Mexico, these restrictions are discriminatory and neither reasonable nor proportional to the different administrative or jurisdictional electoral positions.

Calidad de servicio (QoS en procesos: Escenarios de procesamiento con aspectos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hector Manuel Soto Pérez

2016-12-01

En resumen el presente trabajo estudia conceptos básicos de calidad de servicio y algunos de sus marcos de aplicación siguiendo un enfoque aspectual. Planteando posibles casos de uso genéricos para aplicar mejoras en la prestación de la QoS mediante aspectos en la planificación y gestión de recursos de aplicaciones tradicionales.

Sobressalto patológico: aspectos clínicos e eletrencefalográficos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Frederico Dahne Kliemann

1967-06-01

Full Text Available Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente apresentando crises de sobressalto provocadas por estímulos auditivos, sensitivos e visuais, sem crises epilépticas espontâneas nem retardo psicomotor. Estudam os aspectos clínicos e eletrencefalográficos e revisam a situação da entidade entre as assim chamadas epilepsias reflexas.

MEDICAL ERROR: CIVIL AND LEGAL ASPECT.

Science.gov (United States)

Buletsa, S; Drozd, O; Yunin, O; Mohilevskyi, L

2018-03-01

The scientific article is focused on the research of the notion of medical error, medical and legal aspects of this notion have been considered. The necessity of the legislative consolidation of the notion of «medical error» and criteria of its legal estimation have been grounded. In the process of writing a scientific article, we used the empirical method, general scientific and comparative legal methods. A comparison of the concept of medical error in civil and legal aspects was made from the point of view of Ukrainian, European and American scientists. It has been marked that the problem of medical errors is known since ancient times and in the whole world, in fact without regard to the level of development of medicine, there is no country, where doctors never make errors. According to the statistics, medical errors in the world are included in the first five reasons of death rate. At the same time the grant of medical services practically concerns all people. As a man and his life, health in Ukraine are acknowledged by a higher social value, medical services must be of high-quality and effective. The grant of not quality medical services causes harm to the health, and sometimes the lives of people; it may result in injury or even death. The right to the health protection is one of the fundamental human rights assured by the Constitution of Ukraine; therefore the issue of medical errors and liability for them is extremely relevant. The authors make conclusions, that the definition of the notion of «medical error» must get the legal consolidation. Besides, the legal estimation of medical errors must be based on the single principles enshrined in the legislation and confirmed by judicial practice.

How reliable are forensic evaluations of legal sanity?

Science.gov (United States)

Gowensmith, W Neil; Murrie, Daniel C; Boccaccini, Marcus T

2013-04-01

When different clinicians evaluate the same criminal defendant's legal sanity, do they reach the same conclusion? Because Hawaii law requires multiple, independent evaluations when questions about legal sanity arise, Hawaii allows for the first contemporary study of the reliability of legal sanity opinions in routine practice in the United States. We examined 483 evaluation reports, addressing 165 criminal defendants, in which up to three forensic psychiatrists or psychologists offered independent opinions on a defendant's legal sanity. Evaluators reached unanimous agreement regarding legal sanity in only 55.1% of cases. Evaluators tended to disagree more often when a defendant was under the influence of drugs or alcohol at the time of the offense. But evaluators tended to agree more often when they agreed about diagnosing a psychotic disorder, or when the defendant had been psychiatrically hospitalized shortly before the offense. In court, judges followed the majority opinion among evaluators in 91% of cases. But when judges disagreed with the majority opinion, they usually did so to find defendants legally sane, rather than insane. Overall, this study indicates that reliability among practicing forensic evaluators addressing legal sanity may be poorer than the field has tended to assume. Although agreement appears more likely in some cases than others, the frequent disagreements suggest a need for improved training and practice.

Abortion Legalization and Life-Cycle Fertility

Science.gov (United States)

Ananat, Elizabeth Oltmans; Gruber, Jonathan; Levine, Phillip

2007-01-01

The early-1970s abortion legalization led to a significant drop in fertility. We investigate whether this decline represented a delay in births or a permanent reduction in fertility. We combine Census and Vital Statistics data to compare the lifetime fertility of women born in early-legalizing states, whose peak childbearing years occurred in the…

Prohibition as ontological basis of the Russian legal reality

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrey V. Skorobogatov

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Objective to identify characteristics of the nature content and functioning of prohibition in the legal reality of Russia. nbsp Methods the methodological basis of research is the dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors as well as a postmodern paradigm giving the opportunity to explore the legal reality at different levels. Dialectical approach and postmodern paradigm determined the choice of specific research methods comparative hermeneutic discursive. Results the paper proposes a definition of prohibition as a state socio volitional constraining limiting means that under the threat of legal liability is intended to prevent the wrongful act of the subject physical or legal entity and ensure the maintenance of law and order. Prohibition is a necessary means of ensuring the discipline of public relations and the consolidation of legal values designed to assure the effectiveness of legal regulation. Scientific novelty for the first time the article shows that prohibition as a legal category is the ontological basis of legal reality and acts as a determining factor in the content and focus not only of lawmaking and law enforcement but legal behavior as well. Practical significance the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in research and teaching when considering questions about the nature content and functioning of prohibitions.

Attitudes Toward Medical Cannabis Legalization Among Serbian Medical Students.

Science.gov (United States)

Vujcic, Isidora; Pavlovic, Aleksandar; Dubljanin, Eleonora; Maksimovic, Jadranka; Nikolic, Aleksandra; Sipetic-Grujicic, Sandra

2017-07-29

Currently, medical cannabis polices are experiencing rapid changes, and an increasing number of nations around the world legalize medical cannabis for certain groups of patients, including those in Serbia. To determine medical students' attitudes toward medical cannabis legalization and to examine the factors influencing their attitudes. Fourth-year medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, had participated in a cross-sectional study. Data were collected by an anonymous questionnaire. Overall, 63.4% students supported medical cannabis legalization, and only 20.8% supported its legalization for recreational use. Students who previously used marijuana (p medical cannabis legalization compared with students who never used them. Support for marijuana recreational use was also related to prior marijuana (p cancer (90.4%) and chronic pain (74.2%) were correctly reported approved medical indications by more than half the students. Students who supported medical cannabis legalization showed better knowledge about indications, in contrast to opponents for legalization who showed better knowledge about side effects. Beliefs that using medical cannabis is safe and has health benefits were correlated with support for legalization, and previous marijuana and alcohol use, while beliefs that medical cannabis poses health risks correlated most strongly with previous marijuana use. Conclusions/Importance: The medical students' attitudes toward medical cannabis legalization were significantly correlated with previous use of marijuana and alcohol, knowledge about medical indications and side effects, and their beliefs regarding medical cannabis health benefits and risks.

ANÁLISIS DE LA TRAZABILIDAD DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DE LA ORIENTACIÓN A ASPECTOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marta Silvia Tabares

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta un análisis acerca de la trazabilidad de los intereses de un sistema de software, desde el enfoque del desarrollo de software orientado a aspectos. Para esto se abordarán los conceptos generales de trazabilidad, de la orientación a aspectos y de las características que esta técnica puede proveer para verificar la fiabilidad y evolución de los requisitos en el proceso de desarrollo de software. Tratar la trazabilidad desde este enfoque pretende orientar al desarrollador a identificar elementos generales para determinar la traza de los intereses de corte transversal cuando estos afectan otros intereses del sistema y a su vez cómo diferentes piezas de un artefacto de software asociadas a este tipo de intereses han evolucionado y afectado a otras a lo largo del ciclo de vida de desarrollo.

Infidelity and the Possibility of a Liberal Legal Moralism

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thaysen, Jens Damgaard

2017-01-01

This paper argues that according to the influential version of legal moralism presented by Moore infidelity should all-things-considered be criminalized. This is interesting because criminalizing infidelity is bound to be highly controversial and because Moore’s legal moralism is a prime example...... of a self-consciously liberal legal moralism, which aims to yield legislative implications that are quite similar to liberalism, while maintaining that morality as such should be legally enforced. Moore tries to make his theory yield such implications, first by claiming that the scope of our moral...... obligations is much more limited than legal moralists have traditionally claimed, and second by allowing for the possibility that the goodness of legally enforcing morality is often outweighed by the badness of limiting citizens’ morally valuable autonomy and spending scarce resources on enforcement. If Moore...

Legal Change and Stigma in Surrogacy and Abortion.

Science.gov (United States)

Robertson, John A

2015-01-01

Stigma marks both surrogacy and abortion. Legal change lessens stigma but may not remove it altogether. Post-legalization regulation may reinstall stigma by surrounding a legalized practice with barriers that make exercise of that right more difficult. As a result, law may reenact stigma even as it purports to take it away. © 2015 American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Inc.

21 CFR 21.75 - Rights of legal guardians.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Rights of legal guardians. 21.75 Section 21.75... Individual § 21.75 Rights of legal guardians. For the purposes of this part, the parent of any individual who is a minor or the legal guardian of any individual who has been declared to be incompetent due to...

Prótesis dental en el paciente anciano: aspectos relevantes

OpenAIRE

Almeida, Erika Oliveira de; Silva, Eulália Maria Martins da; Falcón Antenucci, Rosse Mary; Freitas Junior, Amílcar Chagas

2014-01-01

Para el paciente anciano la prótesis dental es una integradora familiar, social, mantenedora de la salud general y elevadora de la expectativa de vida. Algunos cambios fisiológicos, patológicos y funcionales que ocurren con los elementos dentales en la tercera edad pueden repercutir en el tratamiento protésico. La siguiente revisión de literatura destaca los aspectos  fundamentales que deben ser considerados en el tratamiento protésico de pacientes ancianos. Se destacan las particularidades d...

Conceptual Analysis of Causation in Legal Discourse

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Doležal, Adam; Doležal, Tomáš

2014-01-01

Roč. 10, č. 7 (2014), s. 53-70 ISSN 1857-7881 Institutional support: RVO:68378122 Keywords : causation * tort law * legal liability Subject RIV: AG - Legal Sciences http://www.eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/2968

Senior Legal Counsel | IDRC - International Development Research ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Advises on a range of current legal and business issues impacting IDRC by ... legal and risk management practices, and recommending courses of action to ... in conducting its overseas operations;; advising on new legislation, such as the ...

Legal pluralism and social justice in economic and political development

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Benda-Beckmann, von F.

2001-01-01

Legal pluralism is an approach which accepts the possibility that within any given polity, there can be more than one 'legal order' and that the state is not the exclusive source of legal regulation. Nevertheless, defining whether a particular claim or social relation is legally sanctioned is a

16 CFR 600.2 - Legal effect.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Legal effect. 600.2 Section 600.2 Commercial... INTERPRETATIONS § 600.2 Legal effect. (a) The interpretations in the Commentary are not trade regulation rules or regulations, and, as provided in § 1.73 of the Commission's rules, they do not have the force or effect of...

Semantiz Structure of the Legal Term

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Екатерина Владимировна Кулевская

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The article examines the semantic structure of the legal term. Nowadays, with the rapid development of cross-cultural communication, people, while pursuing their professional career, learn specific languages, including the language of law, with terms being its important component. Terms can often impede the process of successful cross-cultural communication so teaching cross-cultural communication, according to many researchers, including P. Cranmer and K. Koskinen, is immensely important. The article aims to demonstrate that a legal term, a word or phrase used in legislation, is a generalized name for a legal concept that may lack a precise meaning in practice as it is polysemous. To proof this statement, the semantic structure of the legal term is studied from the cognitive point of view. The key terms (term, frame, lexico-semantic variant of a word, microframe (reference category are defined at the beginning of the article. The article also describes the classification of various semantic structures of terms developed by Prof. Belyayevskaya, based on an analysis of the cognitive foundations of the typology of semantic structures as well as on the classification of meanings. They are homogeneous semantic structures, with different lexico-semantic variants of a polysemous word representing different aspects of one microframe; these structures include monosemous terms, polysemous terms with a homogeneous semantic structure, and terms with the intermediate type of lexemes. Heterogeneous semantic structures are semantic structures, with a lexico-semantic variant of a word representing two or more reference categories rather than one category; these structures are considered to be “classical” polysemy. Two types of such structures are introduced in the article, with examples of the actualization of their lexical meaning in speech being analysed (there were used examples from the British and Russian National corpora; official legal documents and

Legal Knowledge as a Tool for Social Change

Science.gov (United States)

González Vélez, Ana Cristina; Jaramillo, Isabel Cristina

2017-01-01

Abstract In May 2006, Colombia’s Constitutional Court liberalized abortion, introducing three circumstances under which the procedure would not be considered a crime: (1) rape or incest; (2) a risk to the woman’s health or life; and (3) fetal malformations incompatible with life. Immediately following the court’s ruling, known as Sentence C-355, members of La Mesa por la Vida y Salud de las Mujeres (hereinafter La Mesa) began to mobilize to ensure the decision’s implementation, bearing in mind the limited impact that the legal framework endorsed by the court has had in other countries in the region. We argue that La Mesa’s strategy is an innovative one in the field of legal mobilization insofar as it presumes that law can be shaped not just by public officials and universities but also by social actors engaged in the creation and diffusion of legal knowledge. In this regard, La Mesa has become a legal expert on abortion by accumulating knowledge about the multiple legal rules affecting the practice of abortion and about the situations in which these rules are to be applied. In addition, by becoming a legal expert, La Mesa has been able to persuade health providers that they will not risk criminal prosecution or being fired if they perform abortions. We call this effect of legal mobilization a “pedagogical effect” insofar as it involves the production of expertise and appropriation of knowledge by health professionals. We conclude by discussing La Mesa’s choice to become a legal expert on abortion as opposed to recruiting academics to do this work or encouraging women to produce and disseminate this knowledge. PMID:28630545

Indonesian legal framework to support innovation sustainability

Science.gov (United States)

Pratama, Bambang

2018-03-01

The successful economy in a country can be measured by the number of commercializing intellectual property rights (IPR). To pursue IPR growth, triple helix component becomes a backbone to weave academia, business and government to collaborate with each other. Generally, collaborations move from their common interest, but within triple helix the collaboration can be run structurally and sustain. Depart from the arguments; the question arises: How is the condition of Indonesia Innovation System? Through legal approach, this paper will explain current legal condition and legal structure of the Indonesian innovation system. The reason to review the law is to relate with the government’s target to create 1000 digital start-ups alike as in Silicon Valley level size. Therefore, legal framework review becomes useful to explain the condition of the law as a supporting system. In this sense, the legal prescription can be generated to confirm Indonesian laws, whether supported the national innovation system or conversely. Within law perspective, Indonesian government categorizes the innovative industry as a creative industry. However, there is still no resolute concept to follow. Therefore, some of law adjustment is needed to support the government’s plan to pursue commercialized innovation.

Parents Representations of the Legal Socialization of Children

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kalashnikova A.S.,

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Insufficient knowledge about the impact of parental education on the development strategies of justice of children and adolescents in destabilizing the social conditions of modern society determines the relevance of the author's work. The study involved 64 subjects (39 women and 25 men aged 24 to 48 years, with minor children, including 30 subjects with a harmonious style of parenting and 34 - with disharmonious style. We used a questionnaire "Analysis of family relationships" (E.G. Eidemiller, V.V. Yustitskis, a technique of studying legal awareness of J. Tapp and F. Levine, as well as specially designed questionnaires, aimed at studying the cognitive (knowledge of parents about legal socialization and behavioral (conversations on topics of law, reinforcement and punishment of right and wrong actions, monitoring of performance, personal example components of legal socialization. We obtained new empirical evidence on the relation between the features of legal socialization of children and parent-child relationship, clarified the role of the individual types of parental attitudes in the formation of the legal socialization of children, revealed the factors of parental attitudes that hinder and facilitate the process of legal socialization of children

22 CFR 92.85 - Service of legal process usually prohibited.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Service of legal process usually prohibited. 92... RELATED SERVICES Quasi-Legal Services § 92.85 Service of legal process usually prohibited. The service of process and legal papers is not normally a Foreign Service function. Except when directed by the...

Building the South African Nation through Legal Deposit: The Impact ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The legal deposit of and preservation of digital materials depends on the proper legislative framework and implementation of the Legal Deposit Act. This article examines the challenges related to legal instruments affecting the legal deposit of digital materials in South Africa. Two main objectives of the study upon which this ...

Significance of Hemispheric Security for Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

2003-04-07

La Seguridad Internacional, la Nueva Geopolitica Continental y Mexico ,” Seminario Internacional sobre Misiones de Paz, Seguridad y Defensa, Rio de...USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT SIGNIFICANCE OF HEMISPHERIC SECURITY FOR MEXICO by LTC Enrique Garcia Jaramillo Cavalry, Mexican Army COL Joseph R...xx-xx-2002 to xx-xx-2003 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Significance of Hemispheric Security for Mexico Unclassified 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c

Expectancy and Professional Norms in Legal Translation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Faber, Dorrit; Hjort-Pedersen, Mette

2013-01-01

. These parameters focus on the degree to which the use of explicitation and implicitation is considered to influence meaning transfer, authentic English legal language and style, and the informative function of the translation in a defined translational situation. Based on Chesterman’s categorization of norms...... perceived norms influence the use of explicitation and implicitation. The findings are based on experiments involving Danish translators and legal experts who were asked to evaluate three different translations into English of the same Danish legal source text on a set of defined parameters...

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE INTERPRETATION OF LEGAL NORM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Camelia IGNĂTESCU

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The legal norm represents an intellectual creation of the legislator. It is expressed in legal language, according to certain rules of preparation, respecting the grammar rules specific to the language in which it is drawn up, as well as the legislative technique. The final result, thought out and wanted by the author, must be understood in direct relation to his intention. Interpretation of the law concerns the particular significance of the general form and the cognitive value of the information, of grammatical construction that expresses the legal norm.

Social and structural factors associated with HIV infection among female sex workers who inject drugs in the Mexico-US border region.

Science.gov (United States)

Strathdee, Steffanie A; Lozada, Remedios; Martinez, Gustavo; Vera, Alicia; Rusch, Melanie; Nguyen, Lucie; Pollini, Robin A; Uribe-Salas, Felipe; Beletsky, Leo; Patterson, Thomas L

2011-04-25

FSWs who inject drugs (FSW-IDUs) can acquire HIV through high risk sexual and injection behaviors. We studied correlates of HIV infection among FSW-IDUs in northern Mexico, where sex work is quasi-legal and syringes can be legally obtained without a prescription. FSW-IDUs>18 years old who reported injecting drugs and recent unprotected sex with clients in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez underwent surveys and HIV/STI testing. Logistic regression identified correlates of HIV infection. Of 620 FSW-IDUs, prevalence of HIV, gonorrhea, Chlamydia, trichomonas, syphilis titers ≥1:8, or any of these infections was 5.3%, 4%, 13%, 35%, 10% and 72%, respectively. Compared to other FSW-IDUs, HIV-positive women were more likely to: have syphilis titers ≥1:8 (36% vs. 9%, psocial environment (i.e., injecting drugs with clients) and policy environment (i.e., having syringes confiscated by police, attending NEPs) predominated as factors associated with risk of HIV infection, rather than individual-level risk behaviors. Interventions should target unjustified policing practices, clients' risk behaviors and HIV/STI prevention through NEPs.

Legal highs - legal aspects and legislative solutions.

Science.gov (United States)

Kapka-Skrzypczak, Lucyna; Kulpa, Piotr; Sawicki, Krzysztof; Cyranka, Małgorzata; Wojtyła, Andrzej; Kruszewski, Marcin

2011-01-01

In recent years the attention of society, the media and politicians has focused on the negative phenomenon of the occurrence of an enormous amount of new psychoactive substances flooding the European market. In Poland and in Europe they are known under the name 'legal highs' or 'smart drugs'. In many countries these compounds present a serious social and health problem. The core of the problem is the fact that in the light of the law these substances are legal, while actually they imitate the eff ect of illegal narcotics. Smart drugs are sold allegedly as 'products not intended for human consumption', under the cover of 'collector's commodities', 'incense sticks' or 'bath salts'. Efforts undertaken by many countries, including Poland, are biased towards gaining control over this pathological phenomenon by placing the subsequent substances on the list of prohibited agents. However, the resilient chemical and pharmaceutical industry still remains one step ahead by introducing new derivatives of already banned products, practically identical in action. The presented article is an attempt to bring closer the problem of smart drugs in Poland, from the occurrence of this alarming phenomenon, through the spread of sales in shops all over Poland, to a series of changes in the Polish anti-narcotic law, drastic actions of closing the shops throughout the entire country, and transferring the sale of smart drugs to the internet.

Enhancing public access to legal information : A proposal for a new official legal information generic top-level domain

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Mitee, Leesi Ebenezer

2017-01-01

Abstract: This article examines the use of a new legal information generic Top-Level Domain (gTLD) as a viable tool for easy identification of official legal information websites (OLIWs) and enhancing global public access to their resources. This intervention is necessary because of the existence of

22 CFR 92.89 - Fees for service of legal process.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Fees for service of legal process. 92.89 Section 92.89 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE LEGAL AND RELATED SERVICES NOTARIAL AND RELATED SERVICES Quasi-Legal Services § 92.89 Fees for service of legal process. No charge should be made for...

Aspectos metodologicos de la medición en el sitio de ocurrencia de lesiones por accidentes de tráfico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Híjar-Medina Martha C.

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Os acidentes de trânsito de veículos a motor representam problema de saúde pública, em nível mundial. No México, a pesquisa, nesse campo, é limitada e a metodologia para seu estudo é pouco desenvolvida. Na literatura científica internacional são escassos os artigos que discutem os aspectos metodológicos de pesquisa nesse campo. Assim, realizou-se estudo com o objetivo de apresentar alguns aspectos metodológicos úteis para os interessados em pesquisar lesões por acidentes de trânsito. Foram discutidos aspectos sobre como medir, no local de ocorrência, as variáveis básicas para o estudo dessas lesões, tais como: se o motorista sofreu ou não lesões, uso de cinto de segurança, velocidade e consumo de álcool.