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Sample records for materno-fetale dei virus

  1. Apego materno fetal em gestantes que vivem com HIV/Aids

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    Evelise Rigoni de Faria

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available A gestação no contexto do HIV/Aids é geralmente acompanhada de intensa ansiedade devido à possível transmissão materno infantil do vírus. Este estudo investigou o apego materno fetal em gestantes que viviam com HIV (n = 88, em comparação a gestantes não portadoras do vírus (n = 79, através da Escala de Apego Materno fetal. Os resultados não revelaram diferenças entre as gestantes quanto ao escore total de apego materno fetal. Entretanto, os dados sugerem que o apego materno fetal pode se manifestar de maneira peculiar entre as gestantes que vivem com HIV/Aids: as interações mãe-bebê parecem focar o momento presente da gestação, e os cuidados de saúde com o bebê parecem atrelados àqueles voltados à saúde materna diante da infecção. É possível que a escala não seja suficientemente sensível para eventuais diferenças associadas ao contexto do HIV/Aids. Sugere-se que novos estudos revisem os itens da escala visando maior aproximação das particularidades suscitadas pela infecção quanto ao apego materno fetal.

  2. Vinculação da gestante e apego materno fetal

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    Eluisa Bordin Schmidt

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho verificou as relações existentes entre o tipo de vinculação da gestante, sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e nível de apego materno fetal. Participaram 136 gestantes entre 18 e 42 anos de idade, do 6º ao 9º mês de gestação com escolaridade mínima de 5ª série. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, transversal, correlacional. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Ficha de Dados Sociodemográficos, Escala de Vinculação do Adulto (EVA, Escala de Apego Materno Fetal (MFAS, Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI e Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva, teste exato de Fischer, simulações de Monte Carlo e Correlação de Pearson. Os resultados indicaram que existe associação significativa entre o tipo de vinculação da gestante e o apego materno fetal, e sintomas depressivos. As gestantes que apresentaram uma vinculação segura evidenciaram apego materno fetal alto e sintomas depressivos e ansiosos mínimos.

  3. INFEZIONI VIRALI CONGENITE, PERINATALI E NEONATALI VIRAL INFECTIONS OF THE FETUS AND NEWBORN INFANT

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    Tremolada, Sara; Delbue, Serena; Ferrante, Pasquale

    2009-01-01

    Riassunto Alcuni virus possono essere trasmessi verticalmente da madre a figlio in seguito allo sviluppo, da parte della madre, di un’infezione primaria, ricorrente o cronica. La trasmissione materno-fetale dei virus, che può avvenire in utero (infezione congenita), durante il travaglio del parto (infezione perinatale), oppure attraverso l’allattamento (infezione postnatale), può causare aborto spontaneo, morte fetale, ritardo di crescita intrauterino, anomalie congenite e patologie neonatali o postnatali di diversa entità. Alcuni fattori di rischio sembrano influenzare l’incidenza di trasmissione materno-fetale dei virus, come ad esempio la presenza di altre infezioni virali, la carica virale materna, il tipo di infezione (primaria o ricorrente), la durata della rottura delle membrane, la modalità con cui avviene il parto, le condizioni socio-economiche e l’allattamento. Oggi è possibile prevenire la trasmissione materno-fetale di molti virus grazie all’utilizzo di vaccini, immunizzazione passiva e farmaci antivirali. Il rischio di trasmissione delle infezioni perinatali e postnatali, inoltre, può essere diminuito evitando l’allattamento o ricorrendo ad un parto cesareo. PMID:19216201

  4. Efeitos da ingestão de glicose sobre a circulação materno-fetal Materno-fetal hemodynamic repercussion of glucose ingestion

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    Rose Mary de Castro Ranciaro

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: analisar o efeito da glicose na hemodinâmica materno-fetal pela avaliação doplervelocimétrica da circulação materno-fetal e fetoplacentária. MÉTODOS: trata-se de estudo realizado por único observador, no qual foram incluídas 31 gestantes clinicamente sadias entre a 28ª e a 36ª semana. Os parâmetros foram avaliados imediatamente antes e 60 minutos após a ingestão de 50 g de glicose. Foram utilizados como critérios de inclusão a avaliação clínica e laboratorial normal, a presença de feto único, a idade gestacional entre a 28ª e a 36ª semana de gestação confirmada por exame de ultra-sonografia e/ou a data da última menstruação, a glicemia de jejum menor ou igual a 110 mg/dL e o teste de sobrecarga após 50 g de glicose menor de 140 mg/dL. Como critérios de exclusão, adotaram-se a presença de malformação ou alterações de desenvolvimento fetal, o trabalho de parto, os antecedentes familiares de diabetes, as patologias próprias ou intercorrentes à gestação e o uso de fumo, álcool ou outras drogas. Foram avaliados os vasos maternos da artéria carótida comum e artérias uterinas, os vasos placentários da artéria umbilical e os vasos fetais da artéria cerebral média e aorta abdominal. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros em cada vaso: índice de resistência, índice de pulsatilidade, velocidade sistólica máxima, velocidade diastólica final e tempo de aceleração. A freqüência cardíaca fetal foi avaliada pelo modo M da ultra-sonografia. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o teste t de Student quando a variável diferença de antes e depois da ingestão de glicose apresentou distribuição normal no teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Quando a normalidade foi rejeitada, utilizamos o teste não-paramétrico de Wilcoxon, com o nível de significância sempre estabelecido de pPURPOSE: to analyze the effect of glucose in the materno-fetal hemodynamics through dopplervelocimetric assessment of

  5. Relações entre a saúde mental da gestante e o apego materno-fetal Relations between pregnant women's mental health and maternal-fetal attachment

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    Patrícia Alvarenga

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available O estudo investigou as relações entre variáveis sociodemográficas, saúde mental da gestante e o apego materno-fetal no terceiro trimestre de gestação. Participaram do estudo 261 gestantes selecionadas através de amostragem por acessibilidade em quatro maternidades públicas. As gestantes responderam individualmente uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos, a Escala de Apego Materno-Fetal e o SRQ-20. A análise de regressão revelou que o número de filhos (4% e a saúde mental materna (4,2% explicaram parte da variância no apego materno-fetal. A escolaridade da mãe e do pai não esteve associada a essa variável. O modelo de regressão múltipla considerando os quatro fatores analisados, explicou 8,2% da variância nos escores de apego materno-fetal. Discutem-se as implicações dessas variáveis na formação do vínculo da mãe com o bebê durante a gestação.This study investigated the relations among sociodemographic variables, pregnant women mental health, and maternal-fetal attachment in the third trimester of pregnancy. Participants were 261 pregnant women recruited from public maternity wards using a convenience sampling technique. Each pregnant woman completed a sociodemographic data form, the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale, and the SRQ-20. Regression analysis revealed that the number of children (4% and mothers' mental health (4.2% accounted for part of the variance in maternal-fetal attachment scores. Father's and mother's schooling was not associated with this variable. Taking the four analyzed factors into account, a multiple regression model accounted for 8.2% of the variance in the maternal-fetal attachment scores. The implications of these variables for mother-infant bonding during pregnancy are discussed.

  6. Apego materno-fetal e a percepção materna acerca da capacidade interativa do bebê no primeiro mês = Maternal-fetal attachment and maternal perception about infant interactive skills in the first month = Apego materno-fetal y la percepción materna sobre la capacidad interactiva del bebé en el primer mes

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    Alvarenga, Patrícia

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available A percepção da mãe acerca das capacidades interativas do recém-nascido tem sido apontada como um fator crucial para o estabelecimento de padrões interativos de qualidade entre a díade mãe-filho. O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar as relações entre o apego materno-fetal e a percepção da mãe acerca das capacidades interativas do bebê. Participaram do estudo 64 mães de bebês do sexo masculino, que responderam a Escala de Apego Materno-fetal, no terceiro trimestre da gestação, e uma entrevista sobre a experiência da maternidade, no primeiro mês do bebê. Houve uma correlação positiva entre o apego materno-fetal e a percepção geral das capacidades interativas do bebê (r=0,23; p<0,05. A análise de regressão confirmou que a escolaridade materna e o apego materno-fetal explicaram 12% da variância na percepção da mãe acerca das capacidades interativas dos bebês. Discute-se a relevância da relação da mãe com o feto durante a gestação para a interação mãe-bebê no período pós-natal

  7. Fatores maternos associados ao peso fetal estimado pela ultra-sonografia Maternal factors associated with fetal weight estimated by ultrasonography

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    Adriana Suely de Oliveira Melo

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar o efeito de variáveis maternas, socioeconômicas e obstétricas, assim como a presença de incisuras na 20ª e na 24ª semana, sobre o peso fetal estimado no final da gravidez (36ª semana em gestantes atendidas pelo Programa Saúde da Família em uma cidade do interior do Nordeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudo longitudinal incluindo 137 gestantes. As gestantes foram acompanhadas a cada quatro semanas para aferição das condições clínicas, socioeconômicas e obstétricas, incluindo o peso materno. As artérias uterinas foram avaliadas pelo Doppler na 20ª e 24ª semana, o peso fetal e o índice de líquido amniótico (ILA foram determinados na 36ª semana. O estado nutricional materno inicial foi determinado pelo índice de massa corpórea (IMC, classificando-se as gestantes como com baixo peso, eutróficas, com sobrepeso e obesas. O ganho ponderal durante a gestação foi avaliado de acordo com o estado nutricional inicial, sendo ao final do segundo e terceiro trimestre classificado em ganho ponderal insuficiente, adequado e excessivo. Foi realizada análise de variância para avaliar a associação do peso fetal estimado na 36ª semana com as variáveis preditoras, ajustada por regressão linear múltipla. RESULTADOS: observou-se associação entre peso fetal estimado na 36ª semana e idade da mãe (p=0,02, trabalho materno (p=0,02, estado nutricional inicial (p=0,04, ganho ponderal no segundo trimestre (p=0,01, presença de incisuras nas artérias uterinas (p=0,02 e ILA (p=0,007. Os principais fatores associados ao peso fetal estimado na 36ª semana, após a análise de regressão múltipla, foram: IMC no início da gravidez, ganho ponderal no segundo trimestre, ILA e tabagismo. CONCLUSÕES: o peso fetal no presente estudo associou-se positivamente ao estado nutricional materno inicial, ao ganho ponderal no segundo trimestre, ao volume do líquido amniótico e negativamente ao hábito de tabagismo.PURPOSE: to evaluate the

  8. Fatores de risco maternos associados à acidose fetal Maternal risk factors associated with fetal acidosis

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    José Mauro Madi

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: avaliar os fatores de risco maternos associados à acidose fetal. MÉTODOS: estudo tipo caso-controle composto por 188 recém-nascidos, sendo que 47 compuseram o grupo casos (pH de artéria umbilical OBJECTIVES: to assess maternal risk factors associated with fetal acidosis. METHODS: a case-control type study was conducted of 188 neonates, of whom 47 comprised the case group (umbilical arterial pH <7.0 and 141 the control (umbilical arterial pH E7.1 <7.3. The study included only single-gestation neonates without congenital malformations. Both maternal and fetal variables were taken into consideration. Statistical analysis involved the calculation of the raw and adjusted Odds Ratio, Student's t-test, the chi-squared test and multivariate analysis using Enter-method non-conditional logistic regression. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: in the case group higher percentages of caesarian sections and pre-term births were observed, involving almost five times as much intensive care and twenty-five times more likelihood of Apgar in the 5th minute <7. No association was observed between the groups and fetal presentation, mother's age, history of miscarriage, years of schooling of mother or attendance at prenatal sessions. After multivariate analysis, the only risk factors that remained significant were complications relating to the placenta or the umbilical cord. Deliveries involving complications relating to the placenta or the umbilical cord were three times more likely to involve fetal acidemia. CONCLUSIONS: acidemia among neonates was associated with a higher percentage of caesarians, premature births, a need for intensive care and treatment and an Apgar index of <7 in the 5th minute. After multivariate analysis, complications relating to premature displacement of the placenta and the umbilical cord were the only remaining risk factors associated with fetal acidemia.

  9. Concentraciones plasmáticas de cortisol materno secundarias al uso de betametasona para la maduración pulmonar fetal

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    Keibis Jiménez Castillejo

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Resumen (español El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar las concentraciones plasmáticas de cortisol materno secundarias al uso de betametasona para la maduración pulmonar fetal. Se realizó una investigación con un diseño tipo cuasi-experimental y una muestra no probabilística intencional de 106 pacientes que acudieron a la consulta pre-natal de alto riesgo del Hospital Central “Dr. Urquinaona". Una vez seleccionadas las pacientes se le administró inyecciones intramusculares de betametasona (12 mg por dos días consecutivos. Las mediciones se realizaron en tres ocasiones: La primera medición, antes de la administración de la primera dosis de betametasona; la segunda medición, 24 horas después de la segunda y última inyección; y la tercera medición, siete días luego de la administración de la última dosis de betametasona. Se observó que las inyecciones con betametasona producían disminuciones de las concentraciones plasmáticas de cortisol materno, ya que el valor de la primera medición fue de 30,1 +/- 9,4 picogramos/dL, las concentraciones disminuyeron a 5,6 +/- 1,9 picogramos/dL durante la segunda medición y luego aumentaron a 23,2 +/- 4,2 picogramos/dL a la tercera medición. Las variaciones de las concentraciones de cortisol de la segunda y tercera medición se consideraron estadísticamente significativas al compararlas con las concentraciones iniciales (p = 0,001. Se concluye que el uso de betametasona para inducir la maduración pulmonar fetal produce disminución significativa en las concentraciones plasmáticas de cortisol materno

  10. Acurácia da estimativa ultrassonográfica do peso fetal e influência de fatores maternos e fetais

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    Ricci,Aline Giroto; Brizot,Maria de Lourdes; Liao,Adolfo Wenjaw; Nomura,Roseli Mieko Yamamoto; Zugaib,Marcelo

    2011-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da estimativa ultrassonográfica na predição do peso fetal e analisar fatores maternos e/ou fetais que interferem no resultado. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo e transversal, que incluiu 106 pacientes, nas quais foram realizadas 212 avaliações pela ultrassonografia, por 2 observadores, no máximo 24 h antes do parto. Foram mensurados os seguintes parâmetros: diâmetro biparietal (DBP), circunferência cefálica (CC), circunferência abdominal (CA) e comprimento do fêmur (CF...

  11. Evolução e prognóstico materno-fetal da cirurgia cardíaca durante a gravidez Evolución y pronóstico materno-fetal de la cirugía cardiaca durante el embarazo Maternal-fetal outcome and prognosis of cardiac surgery during pregnancy

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    Walkiria Samuel Ávila

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A cirurgia cardíaca favorece o prognóstico materno em casos refratários à terapêutica clínica, contudo associa-se a riscos ao concepto quando realizada durante a gravidez. OBJETIVO: Analisar a evolução e o prognóstico materno-fetal de gestantes submetidas à cirurgia cardíaca no ciclo gravídico-puerperal. MÉTODOS: Estudou-se a evolução de 41 gestações de mulheres que tiveram indicação de cirurgia cardíaca no ciclo gravídico puerperal. A cardiotocografia fetal foi mantida durante o procedimento nas pacientes com idade gestacional acima de 20 semanas. RESULTADOS: A média da idade materna foi de 27,8 ± 7,6 anos, houve predomínio da valvopatia reumática (87,8%, e 15 dessas (41,6% foram submetidas à reoperação, devido à disfunção de prótese valvar. A média do tempo de circulação extracorpórea foi de 87,4 ± 43,6 min, e a hipotermia foi utilizada em 27 casos (67,5%. Treze mães (31,7% não apresentaram intercorrências e tiveram seus recém-nascidos vivos e saudáveis. A evolução pós-operatória das demais 28 gestações (68,3% mostrou: 17 complicações maternas (41,5%; três óbitos (7,3%; 12 perdas fetais (29,2% e quatro casos de malformação neurológica (10%, dois dos quais evoluíram para óbito tardio. Houve uma perda de seguimento após a cirurgia. Nove pacientes (21,9% foram operadas em caráter de emergência, situação que influenciou (p FUNDAMENTO: La cirugía cardiaca favorece el pronóstico materno en casos refractarios a la terapéutica clínica, sin embargo está asociada a riesgos cuando realizada durante el embarazo. OBJETIVO: Analizar la evolución y el pronóstico materno-fetal de gestantes sometidas a la cirugía cardiaca en el ciclo grávido puerperal. MÉTODOS: Se estudió la evolución de 41 gestaciones de mujeres que tuvieron indicación de cirugía cardiaca en el ciclo grávido puerperal. La cardiotocografía fetal se mantuvo durante el procedimiento en las pacientes con

  12. Fatores maternos e perinatais relacionados à macrossomia fetal Maternal and perinatal factors related to fetal macrosomia

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    José Mauro Madi

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: identificar fatores maternos e perinatais relacionados a fetos com peso igual ou maior do que 4.000 g no nascimento. MÉTODOS: estudo de corte transversal, de 411 casos consecutivos de macrossomia fetal, ocorridos no período de março de 1998 a março de 2005. Compararam-se os dados obtidos aos de 7.349 casos de fetos com peso entre 2.500 e 3.999 g ao nascimento, ocorridos no mesmo período. Foram analisadas variáveis maternas (idade, paridade, diabete melito, ocorrência de parto cesáreo, mecônio, desproporção feto-pélvica, principais indicações das cesáreas e perinatais (ocorrência de tocotraumatismo, índice de Apgar inferior a sete no 1º e 5º minuto, natimortalidade, neomortalidade precoce, necessidade de internação na Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo Neonatal. As avaliações estatísticas foram realizadas com o teste não paramétrico do chi2 com a correção de Yates e com o teste t de Student. Adotou-se o nível de significância de pPURPOSE: to identify maternal and perinatal factors related to neonates with birthweight >4,000 g. METHODS: cross-section cohort study with 411 consecutive cases of fetal macrosomia (FM which occurred from March 1998 to March 2005. Data were compared to 7,349 cases of fetal birthweight >2,500 and <3,999 g which occurred in the same period. Maternal variables (maternal age, parity, diabetes, previous cesarean section, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, cephalopelvic disproportion, main cesarean section indications and perinatal variables (birth injury, <7 1-min and 5-min Apgar score, fetal and early neonatal mortality range, need of neonatal intensive care unit were analyzed. For statistical analysis the chi2 test with Yates correction and Student's t test were used with the level of significance set at 5%. RESULTS: FM was significantly associated with older mothers, more parous and <7 1-min Apgar score (p<0.05; OR=1.8; 95% CI: 1,4-2.5 and <7 5-min Apgar score (p<0,05; OR=2.3; 95% CI: 1

  13. The role of placental MHC class I expression in immune-assisted separation of the fetal membranes in cattle.

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    Benedictus, Lindert; Koets, Ad P; Rutten, Victor P M G

    2015-11-01

    The bovine fetus, like that of other species, is a semi-allograft and the regulation of materno-fetal alloimmunity is critical to prevent its immunological rejection. In cattle, a materno-fetal alloimmune response may be beneficial at parturition. It is hypothesized that upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on the fetal membranes toward the end of gestation induces a maternal alloimmune response that activates innate immune effector mechanisms, aiding in the loss of the adherence between the fetal membranes and the uterus. Loss of fetal-maternal adherence is pivotal for the timely expulsion of the fetal membranes and the absence (or reduction) of the maternal immune response may lead to retained fetal membranes, a common reproductive disorder of cattle. Currently, there is no effective treatment for retained fetal membranes and a better understanding of materno-fetal alloimmune-assisted separation of the fetal membranes may lead to novel targets for the treatment of retained fetal membranes. In this review, the regulation of materno-fetal alloimmunity during pregnancy in cattle, with a focus on placental MHC class I expression, and the importance of maternal alloimmunity for the timely separation of the fetal membranes, are discussed. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Microquimerismo fetal-materno nas doenças reumáticas auto-imunes Maternal-fetal microchimerism in autoimmune rheumatic diseases

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    Karin Spat Albino Barcellos

    2004-02-01

    Full Text Available Estudos recentes indicam a existência de um tráfego bidirecional de células durante a gestação humana normal. Células fetais persistem no sangue periférico materno por muitos anos após a gestação. Muitas doenças auto-imunes são mais prevalentes em mulheres, algumas das quais apresentam pico de incidência em fases tardias dos anos férteis femininos. A doença enxerto-versushospedeiro é uma condição conhecida de quimerismo e possui similaridades clínicas com algumas doenças auto-imunes reumáticas, notavelmente com esclerose sistêmica e síndrome de Sjögren e, algumas vezes, com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico. Este artigo explora a hipótese de que o microquimerismo fetal contribua para a patogênese de algumas doenças auto-imunes, baseado em revisões de estudos anteriores que trabalharam com esta hipótese. São apresentadas ressalvas de ordem conceitual e técnica a serem consideradas na interpretação dos dados da literatura.Recent studies indicate that there is bi-directional traffic of cells during normal human pregnancy. Fetal cells have been found to persist in the maternal peripheral blood for many years after pregnancy. Many autoimmune diseases are more prevalent in women, and some of them have peak incidence at late stages of childbearing years. Chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD is a known condition of chimerism and has clinical similarities to some rheumatic autoimmune diseases, notably systemic sclerosis, Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. This article explores the hypothesis that fetal microchimerism contributes to the pathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases, based on reviews of previous studies that have worked with this hypothesis. Technical and conceptual considerations are presented for a critical appraisal of the available literature.

  15. Trauma na gestante: análise da mortalidade materna e fetal

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    Paulo Roberto Corsi

    Full Text Available Foram analisadas retrospectivamente 26 pacientes gestantes traumatizadas, num período de nove anos. A média de idade foi 23,7 anos (16-42. A idade gestacional variou de dez a quarenta semanas (média 21,5 semanas; a maioria (46,1% no segundo trimestre. O mecanismo predominante (65,3% foi o trauma abdominal fechado por acidente automobilístico (atropelamento ou colisão. Na admissão, oito (30,7% pacientes apresentavam alterações hemodinâmicas. Seis doentes (23,0% apresentavam sangramento vaginal e, destas, quatro estavam hemodinamicamente normais. Analisamos a mortalidade materna, a mortalidade fetal e suas causas. Comparamos também a mediana dos valores do RTS e TRISS entre os grupos, sobrevida materno-fetal, sobrevida materna e óbito materno-fetal. Todas as gestantes admitidas com sangramento vaginal apresentaram óbito fetal. A mortalidade materna foi de 11,5%, por choque hemorrágico. A mortalidade fetal foi de 30,7%, sendo que 37,5% destes óbitos foram provocados pela morte materna. A principal causa de mortalidade fetal foi o descolamento de placenta (50,0%. Os índices de trauma, RTS e TRISS, foram significativamente menor (p=0,0025 e p<0,0001 no grupo óbito materno-fetal, porém esses índices não apresentaram valor prognóstico na mortalidade fetal.

  16. The role of placental MHC class 1 expression in immune-assisted separation of the fetal membranes in cattle

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Benedictus, L.; Koets, A.P.; Rutten, V.P.M.G.

    2015-01-01

    The bovine fetus, like that of other species, is a semi-allograft and the regulation of materno-fetal alloimmunity is critical to prevent its immunological rejection. In cattle, a materno-fetal alloimmune response may be beneficial at parturition. It is hypothesized that upregulation of major

  17. Associação entre a antropometria e a leptina circulante nos compartimentos materno, fetal e placentário, na gravidez normal Association between anthropometry and circulating leptin in maternal, fetal and placental compartments, in healthy pregnancy

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    Flávia Cipriano Castro

    2004-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar a importância da leptina materna e fetal circulantes na gestação saudável por meio da avaliação de sua associação com variáveis antropométricas materna, placentária e fetal ao nascimento e as relações entre os compartimentos avaliados. MÉTODOS: em estudo transversal foi incluída amostra de 33 gestações únicas, a termo, com fetos saudáveis. As variáveis avaliadas foram idade materna, peso materno, índice de massa corporal, peso do recém-nascido, peso placentário e índice placentário. Amostras de sangue materno foram obtidas imediatamente antes do parto e em sangue do cordão umbilical ao nascimento. A dosagem da leptina sérica foi realizada por meio de radioimunoensaio convencional. As relações entre as concentrações de leptina sérica materna e da artéria e veia umbilicais com as variáveis de estudo foram verificadas através da regressão linear. RESULTADOS: a leptina foi detectada no sangue de todas as 33 gestantes e seus respectivos recém-nascidos, sendo a concentração no sangue materno (17,1±1,77 ng/ml superior à dos vasos umbilicais (veia 9,0±1,16 ng/mL; artéria 8,2±1,02 ng/mL, pPURPOSE: to evaluate the importance of circulating maternal and fetal leptin in the healthy gestation, using its association with maternal, placental and fetal anthropometric variables, obtained at birth, and the relationship between the evaluated compartments. METHODS: in a transversal study a population of 33 single, healthy and term gestations was studied. The evaluated variables were maternal age, maternal weight, body mass index (BMF, weight of the newborn, placental weight, and placental index. Samples of maternal blood were immediately obtained before birth and from fetal umbilical cord blood at birth. Determination of serum leptin was performed using conventional radioimmunoassay. The relationships between serum leptin concentrations in maternal blood, umbilical artery and vein and the studied

  18. Fetal demise and failed antibody therapy during Zika virus infection of pregnant macaques.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Magnani, Diogo M; Rogers, Thomas F; Maness, Nicholas J; Grubaugh, Nathan D; Beutler, Nathan; Bailey, Varian K; Gonzalez-Nieto, Lucas; Gutman, Martin J; Pedreño-Lopez, Núria; Kwal, Jaclyn M; Ricciardi, Michael J; Myers, Tereance A; Julander, Justin G; Bohm, Rudolf P; Gilbert, Margaret H; Schiro, Faith; Aye, Pyone P; Blair, Robert V; Martins, Mauricio A; Falkenstein, Kathrine P; Kaur, Amitinder; Curry, Christine L; Kallas, Esper G; Desrosiers, Ronald C; Goldschmidt-Clermont, Pascal J; Whitehead, Stephen S; Andersen, Kristian G; Bonaldo, Myrna C; Lackner, Andrew A; Panganiban, Antonito T; Burton, Dennis R; Watkins, David I

    2018-04-24

    Zika virus (ZIKV) infection of pregnant women is associated with pathologic complications of fetal development. Here, we infect pregnant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with a minimally passaged ZIKV isolate from Rio de Janeiro, where a high rate of fetal development complications was observed. The infection of pregnant macaques with this virus results in maternal viremia, virus crossing into the amniotic fluid (AF), and in utero fetal deaths. We also treated three additional ZIKV-infected pregnant macaques with a cocktail of ZIKV-neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (nmAbs) at peak viremia. While the nmAbs can be effective in clearing the virus from the maternal sera of treated monkeys, it is not sufficient to clear ZIKV from AF. Our report suggests that ZIKV from Brazil causes fetal demise in non-human primates (NHPs) without additional mutations or confounding co-factors. Treatment with a neutralizing anti-ZIKV nmAb cocktail is insufficient to fully stop vertical transmission.

  19. Sorveglianza della circolazione ambientale dei poliovirus nel Lazio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A.M. Patti

    2003-05-01

    Full Text Available Ancora oggi in tutto il mondo il vaccino antipolio più utilizzato è l’OPV costituito da virus viventi attenuati che vengono eliminati per un periodo di tempo variabile dal soggetto vaccinato. L’immissione di virus vaccinali nell’ambiente è stata in passato, e lo è tuttora nelle zone endemiche, estremamente importante per assicurare e la competizione con il poliovirus selvaggio e una immunità di gregge. Nei paesi polio-free, ed in futuro in tutto il mondo, la circolazione di virus vaccinali potrebbe viceversa diventare un punto critico in grado di inficiare i risultati dell’eradicazione. Infatti i virus vaccino derivati, replicando, retromutano verso la neurovirulenza e/o accumulano mutazioni che alla fine conferiscono loro caratteristiche del tutto diverse dai ceppi parentali; inoltre possono anche ricombinarsi con il selvaggio o con altri enterovirus assumendo caratteristiche di virulenza e di trasmissibilità interumana che emergono con lo scoppio di focolai epidemici. Obiettivo del presente progetto è stata la valutazione della circolazione dei poliovirus e degli eventuali virus vaccino derivati in matrici ambientali nella regione Lazio nel periodo 1996-2002. Metodo: sono stati analizzati 26 campioni di liquami e 36 campioni di acque superficiali contaminate da liquami. Le particelle virali sono state concentrate mediante ultra filtrazione tangenziale (10.000 NMWR – Millipore. I concentrati sono stati seminati su cellule BGM ed L20B. I virus isolati sono stati identificati con antisieri specifici (RIUM e sui poliovirus, presso l’ISS, sono stati effettuati la differenziazione intratipica, il sequenziamento della regione VPI/2A, il sequenziamento della regione 5’ NCR e la regione codificante la polimerasi virale. Risultati e conclusioni: sono stati isolati complessivamente 6 poliovirus di cui 4 da acque superficiali. I virus erano tutti Sabin-kike e retromutati ma non ricombinanti. I dati ottenuti sottolineano l

  20. Analysis of gene expression in fetal and adult cells infected with rubella virus

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Adamo, Maria Pilar; Zapata, Marta; Frey, Teryl K.

    2008-01-01

    Congenital infection with rubella virus (RUB) leads to persistent infection and congenital defects and we showed previously that primary human fetal fibroblasts did not undergo apoptosis when infected with RUB, which could promote fetal virus persistence [Adamo, P., Asis, L., Silveyra, P., Cuffini, C., Pedranti, M., Zapata, M., 2004. Rubella virus does not induce apoptosis in primary human embryo fibroblasts cultures: a possible way of viral persistence in congenital infection. Viral Immunol. 17, 87-100]. To extend this observation, gene chip analysis was performed on a line of primary human fetal fibroblasts (10 weeks gestation) and a line of human adult lung fibroblasts (which underwent apoptosis in response to RUB infection) to compare gene expression in infected and uninfected cells. A total of 632 and 516 genes were upregulated or downregulated in the infected fetal and adult cells respectively in comparison to uninfected cells, however only 52 genes were regulated in both cell types. Although the regulated genes were different, across functional gene categories the patterns of gene regulation were similar. In general, regulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes following infection appeared to favor apoptosis in the adult cells and lack of apoptosis in the fetal cells, however there was a greater relative expression of anti-apoptotic genes and reduced expression of pro-apoptotic genes in uninfected fetal cells versus uninfected adult cells and thus the lack of apoptosis in fetal cells following RUB infection was also due to the prevailing background of gene expression that is antagonistic to apoptosis. In support of this hypothesis, it was found that of a battery of five chemicals known to induce apoptosis, two induced apoptosis in the adult cells, but not in fetal cells, and two induced apoptosis more rapidly in the adult cells than in fetal cells (the fifth did not induce apoptosis in either). A robust interferon-stimulated gene response was induced

  1. Femur-sparing pattern of abnormal fetal growth in pregnant women from New York City after maternal Zika virus infection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Walker, Christie L; Merriam, Audrey A; Ohuma, Eric O; Dighe, Manjiri K; Gale, Michael; Rajagopal, Lakshmi; Papageorghiou, Aris T; Gyamfi-Bannerman, Cynthia; Adams Waldorf, Kristina M

    2018-05-05

    Zika virus is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, which can induce fetal brain injury and growth restriction following maternal infection during pregnancy. Prenatal diagnosis of Zika virus-associated fetal injury in the absence of microcephaly is challenging due to an incomplete understanding of how maternal Zika virus infection affects fetal growth and the use of different sonographic reference standards around the world. We hypothesized that skeletal growth is unaffected by Zika virus infection and that the femur length can represent an internal standard to detect growth deceleration of the fetal head and/or abdomen by ultrasound. We sought to determine if maternal Zika virus infection is associated with a femur-sparing pattern of intrauterine growth restriction through analysis of fetal biometric measures and/or body ratios using the 2014 International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century Project and World Health Organization Fetal Growth Chart sonographic references. Pregnant women diagnosed with a possible recent Zika virus infection at Columbia University Medical Center after traveling to an endemic area were retrospectively identified and included if a fetal ultrasound was performed. Data were collected regarding Zika virus testing, fetal biometry, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes. The 2014 International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century Project and World Health Organization Fetal Growth Chart sonographic standards were applied to obtain Z-scores and/or percentiles for fetal head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length specific for each gestational week. A novel 2014 International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century Project standard was also developed to generate Z-scores for fetal body ratios with respect to femur length (head circumference:femur length, abdominal circumference:femur length). Data were then grouped within clinically relevant gestational age strata (34 weeks) to

  2. Moléculas que participan en el transporte de hierro materno-fetal: importancia del receptor 1 de transferrina y de la ferroportina en la placenta humana = Molecules implicated in maternal-fetal iron transport across the placental barrier: Role of Transferrin Receptor 1 and Ferroportin

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Corrales Agudelo, Lady Vanessa

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available La adecuada transferencia placentaria de hierro es crucial para satisfacer los altos requerimientos del feto y promover su adecuado crecimiento y desarrollo intrauterino; de otra parte, contribuye a prevenir la ferropenia y la anemia, entidades altamente prevalentes en los lactantes durante los primeros dos años de edad, que se asocian con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad en la infancia. La placenta es un órgano capaz de realizar diferentes adaptaciones en la producción de moléculas que participan en el transporte de hierro materno-fetal en respuesta al estado de hierro celular, para proveer la mayor disponibilidad de este mineral al feto. Esta revisión, pretende acercar al lector a los mecanismos metabólicos y moleculares relacionados con la captación, el transporte y la salida de hierro por la placenta hacia el feto, así como su regulación, para proporcionar elementos que le permitan comprender en forma integrada, la importancia de un adecuado estado de hierro materno antes y durante la gestación.

  3. Conhecimento de mulheres com diabetes mellitus sobre cuidados pré-concepcionais e riscos materno-fetais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Escolástica Rejane Ferreira Moura

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se descrever o perfil reprodutivo de mulheres com diabetes mellitus (DM e verificar o nível de conhecimento destas quanto aos riscos maternos e fetais e os cuidados pré-concepcionais. Estudo exploratório, que contou com a participação de 106 mulheres, realizado no Centro Integrado de Hipertensão e Diabetes, de março a julho de 2009. As variáveis reprodutivas foram: número de gestações, partos e abortos e planejamento da gravidez. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista que seguiu um formulário pré-estabelecido. O perfil reprodutivo de mulheres com DM mostrou-se permeado de riscos e repercussões reprodutivas negativas à saúde materna e fetal. Das 106 (100% mulheres estudadas, 44 (41,5% apresentaram conhecimento moderado sobre os cuidados pré-concepcionais e 58 (54,7% conhecimento limitado sobre os riscos maternos e fetais. Faz-se necessário oferecer informações às mulheres a fim de promover o conhecimento sobre os riscos maternos e fetais e os cuidados pré-concepcionais.

  4. Concentraciones de aminoácidos maternos secundarias al uso de betametasona para la

    OpenAIRE

    Keibis Jiménez-Castillejo; Eduardo Reyna-Villasmil; Duly Torres- Cepeda; Joel Santos-Bolívar; Jorly Mejia-Montilla

    2016-01-01

    El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar las concentraciones plasmáticas de aminoácidos maternos secundarias al uso de betametasona para la maduración pulmonar fetal. Se realizó una investigación con un diseño tipo cuasi-experimental y una muestra no probabilística intencional de 106 pacientes que acudieron a la Consulta Pe-Natal de Alto Riesgo del Hospital Central “Dr. Urquinaona". A las pacientes seleccionadas se les administró betametasona intramuscular (12 mg) por dos dí...

  5. Parvovirose congênita: relato de caso Congenital parvovirus infection: case report

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniela F. Gradia

    1998-02-01

    Full Text Available Apresentamos um caso de regressão espontânea de hidropisia fetal provavelmente causada por infecção materno-fetal pelo parvovírus B19. Além de hidropisia, observamos anemia e hipocontratilidade cardíaca no feto. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido pela soma dos achados ultra-sonográficos, detecção do vírus no soro materno, hemograma fetal e dosagem de enzimas hepáticas fetais.We report a case in which there was spontaneous regression of hydrops fetalis. Hydrops was probably caused by fetal infection with parvovirus B19. Anemia and hypokinesia of the heart were also observed. Diagnosis was accomplished by the ultrasound, virus detection in maternal serum, complete fetal blood count, and analysis of hepatic enzymes.

  6. Zika virus infection of adult and fetal STAT2 knock-out hamsters.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Siddharthan, Venkatraman; Van Wettere, Arnaud J; Li, Rong; Miao, Jinxin; Wang, Zhongde; Morrey, John D; Julander, Justin G

    2017-07-01

    Zika virus (ZIKV) infection was investigated in adult and fetal STAT2 knock-out (KO) hamsters. Subcutaneous injection of ZIKV of adults resulted in morbidity, mortality, and infection of the uterus, placenta, brain, spinal cord, and testicles, thus providing an opportunity to evaluate congenital ZIKV infection in a second rodent species besides mice. ZIKV-infected cells with morphologies of Sertoli cells and spermatogonia were observed in the testes, which may have implications for sexual transmission and male sterility. Neonates exposed as fetuses to ZIKV at 8 days post-coitus were not smaller than controls. Nevertheless, infectious virus and ZIKV RNA was detected in some, but not all, placentas and fetal brains of KO hamsters. STAT2 KO hamsters may be useful for addressing sexual transmission, pathogenesis, routes of fetal infection, and neurological disease outcomes, and may also be used in antiviral or vaccine studies to identify intervention strategies. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  7. Type I interferons instigate fetal demise after Zika virus infection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yockey, Laura J; Jurado, Kellie A; Arora, Nitin; Millet, Alon; Rakib, Tasfia; Milano, Kristin M; Hastings, Andrew K; Fikrig, Erol; Kong, Yong; Horvath, Tamas L; Weatherbee, Scott; Kliman, Harvey J; Coyne, Carolyn B; Iwasaki, Akiko

    2018-01-05

    Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal outcomes, including microcephaly, growth restriction, and fetal demise. Type I interferons (IFNs) are essential for host resistance against ZIKV, and IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR)-deficient mice are highly susceptible to ZIKV infection. Severe fetal growth restriction with placental damage and fetal resorption is observed after ZIKV infection of type I IFN receptor knockout ( Ifnar1 -/- ) dams mated with wild-type sires, resulting in fetuses with functional type I IFN signaling. The role of type I IFNs in limiting or mediating ZIKV disease within this congenital infection model remains unknown. In this study, we challenged Ifnar1 -/- dams mated with Ifnar1 +/- sires with ZIKV. This breeding scheme enabled us to examine pregnant dams that carry a mixture of fetuses that express ( Ifnar1 +/- ) or do not express IFNAR ( Ifnar1 -/- ) within the same uterus. Virus replicated to a higher titer in the placenta of Ifnar1 -/- than within the Ifnar1 +/- concepti. Yet, rather unexpectedly, we found that only Ifnar1 +/- fetuses were resorbed after ZIKV infection during early pregnancy, whereas their Ifnar1 -/- littermates continue to develop. Analyses of the fetus and placenta revealed that, after ZIKV infection, IFNAR signaling in the conceptus inhibits development of the placental labyrinth, resulting in abnormal architecture of the maternal-fetal barrier. Exposure of midgestation human chorionic villous explants to type I IFN, but not type III IFNs, altered placental morphology and induced cytoskeletal rearrangements within the villous core. Our results implicate type I IFNs as a possible mediator of pregnancy complications, including spontaneous abortions and growth restriction, in the context of congenital viral infections. Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

  8. ECOCARDIOGRAFIA FETAL E SUA ACUIDADE DIAGNÓSTICA – CMIN 2014

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Inês Alencoão

    2016-07-01

    Conclusão: A detecção pré-natal de CC mantém-se um dos maiores desafios em DPN. A ecocardiografia fetal registou eleva- da sensibilidade e especificidade. Os falsos negativos encontra- dos corresponderam a CC simples. A elevada incidência de CC poderá ser explicada por constituirmos um centro de referência materno-infantil de alto risco. A ecocardiografia fetal é fundamental no diagnóstico pré-natal de CC, permitindo o aconselhamento ao casal e a orientação e planeamento dos cuidados perinatais.

  9. Zika virus infection in immunocompetent pregnant mice causes fetal damage and placental pathology in the absence of fetal infection

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kummer, Lawrence W.; Lanthier, Paula; Kim, In-Jeong; Kuki, Atsuo; Thomas, Stephen J.

    2018-01-01

    Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during human pregnancy may cause diverse and serious congenital defects in the developing fetus. Previous efforts to generate animal models of human ZIKV infection and clinical symptoms often involved manipulating mice to impair their Type I interferon (IFN) signaling, thereby allowing enhanced infection and vertical transmission of virus to the embryo. Here, we show that even pregnant mice competent to generate Type I IFN responses that can limit ZIKV infection nonetheless develop profound placental pathology and high frequency of fetal demise. We consistently found that maternal ZIKV exposure led to placental pathology and that ZIKV RNA levels measured in maternal, placental or embryonic tissues were not predictive of the pathological effects seen in the embryos. Placental pathology included trophoblast hyperplasia in the labyrinth, trophoblast giant cell necrosis in the junctional zone, and loss of embryonic vessels. Our findings suggest that, in this context of limited infection, placental pathology rather than embryonic/fetal viral infection may be a stronger contributor to adverse pregnancy outcomes in mice. Our finding demonstrates that in immunocompetent mice, direct viral infection of the embryo is not essential for fetal demise. Our immunologically unmanipulated pregnancy mouse model provides a consistent and easily measurable congenital abnormality readout to assess fetal outcome, and may serve as an additional model to test prophylactic and therapeutic interventions to protect the fetus during pregnancy, and for studying the mechanisms of ZIKV congenital immunopathogenesis. PMID:29634758

  10. Principle of diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) and computed tomography based on DEI method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhu Peiping; Huang Wanxia; Yuan Qingxi; Wang Junyue; Zheng Xin; Shu Hang; Chen Bo; Liu Yijin; Li Enrong; Wu Ziyu; Yu Jian

    2006-01-01

    In the first part of this article a more general DEI equation was derived using simple concepts. Not only does the new DEI equation explain all the problems that can be done by the DEI equation proposed by Chapman, but also explains the problem that can not be explained with the old DEI equation, such as the noise background caused by the small angle scattering reflected by the analyzer. In the second part, a DEI-PI-CT formula has been proposed and the contour contrast caused by the extinction of refraction beam has been qualitatively explained, and then based on the work of Ando's group two formulae of refraction CT with DEI method has been proposed. Combining one refraction CT formula proposed by Dilmanian with the two refraction CT formulae proposed by us, the whole framework of CT algorithm can be made to reconstruct three components of the gradient of refractive index. (authors)

  11. Ácidos graxos trans: doenças cardiovasculares e saúde materno-infantil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    CHIARA Vera Lucia

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo revê a literatura sobre o tema nas últimas décadas, destacando seu efeito no metabolismo humano quanto às doenças coronarianas e à saúde materno-infantil. Recentemente, os ácidos graxos trans foram incluídos entre os fatores dietéticos de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Discute-se ainda sua relação com o processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança desde a fase fetal e período gestacional. Os trans originam-se dos ácidos graxos insaturados no processo de hidrogenação e bio-hidrogenação, apresentando ação diferenciada destes. Diversas pesquisas ressaltam seu efeito hipercolesterolêmico e o bloqueio e inibição da biossíntese de ácidos graxos essenciais. Estas ações têm repercussões na saúde materno-infantil e elevam o risco de doenças cardiovasculares. Recomenda-se a redução do consumo de alimentos que contenham gordura hidrogenada, adotando os limites de 2% a 5% de gorduras trans/energia totais, já empregados em outros países.

  12. Mother-to-child transmission of different HIV-1 subtypes among ARV Naïve infected pregnant women in Nigeria Transmissão materno-fetal de diferentes subtipos de HIV-1 entre gestantes infectadas na Nigéria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G.N. Odaibo

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available The rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT of HIV as well as the implications of the circulating multiple subtypes to MTCT in Nigeria are not known. This study was therefore undertaken to determine the differential rates of MTCT of HIV-1 subtypes detected among infected pregnant women before ARV intervention therapy became available in Nigeria. Twenty of the HIV-positive women who signed the informed consent form during pregnancy brought their babies for follow-up testing at age 18-24 months. Plasma samples from both mother and baby were tested for HIV antibody at the Department of Virology, UCH, Ibadan, Nigeria. All positive samples (plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells - PBMCs were shipped to the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, where the subtype of the infecting virus was determined using the HMA technique. Overall, a mother-to-child HIV transmission rate of 45% was found in this cohort. Specifically, 36.4%, 66.7% and 100% of the women infected with HIV-1 CRF02 (IbNg, G and B, respectively, transmitted the virus to their babies. As far as it can be ascertained, this is the first report on the rate of MTCT of HIV in Nigeria. The findings reported in this paper will form a useful reference for assessment of currently available therapeutic intervention of MTCT in the country.A taxa de transmissão materno-fetal (MTCT do HIV bem como as implicações dos múltiplos subtipos circulantes para MTCT na Nigéria não são conhecidos. Este estudo foi realizado para determinar as diferentes taxas de MTCT dos subtipos de HIV-1 detectados entre gestantes infectadas antes que a administração da terapia ARV estivesse disponível na Nigéria. Vinte das mulheres HIV positivas que assinaram o consentimento durante a gravidez trouxeram seus filhos para seguimento na idade de 18-24 meses. Amostras de plasma de ambos, mãe e filho foram testadas para anticorpos HIV no Departamento de Virologia, UCH, Ibadan, Nigéria. Todas as

  13. Dosagem de folatos maternos e fetais, séricos e eritrocitários em malformações por defeito de fechamento do tubo neural no feto Maternal and fetal serum and red blood cell folate levels in pregnancies complicated by neural tube defects

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Victor Bunduki

    1998-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: avaliar os níveis de folatos maternos e fetais gestações com malformações por defeitos de fechamento do tubo neural (DFTN. Métodos: o estudo foi do tipo caso-controle, no qual 14 casos de fetos com DFTN (grupo estudo e 14 casos de fetos com outras malformações (grupo controle foram estudados em gestantes de baixo risco para DFTN. Propusemo-nos a dosar o ácido fólico, na sua forma total e metilada, nos compartimentos fetal e materno, utilizando dosagens séricas e tissulares (eritrocitárias, assim como o volume corpuscular médio, o hematócrito e a hemoglobina. As coletas foram realizadas imediatamente antes da interrupção da gestação. Os resultados nos dois grupos foram comparados pelo teste t de Student, método de amostras pareados pela idade gestacional. Resultados: não se encontrou diferença nas taxas de folatos fetais e nos parâmetros hematológicos dos fetos, entre os dois grupos. Por outro lado, taxas anormalmente baixas de folatos foram encontradas nos eritrócitos das mães portadoras de fetos com DFTN, tanto para as formas totais(293,9 ng/mL contra 399,1 ng/mL no grupo controle, p=0,01 quanto para as formas metiladas (201,9 ng/mL contra 314,0 ng/mL para o grupo controle, p=0,02. Os folatos séricos maternos não se mostraram diferentes nos grupos estudo e controle. Conclusão: este estudo demonstrou que há uma menor taxa de folatos intratissulares, nas mães de fetos acometidos por DFTN, porém com taxas de folatos séricos semelhantes em relação ao grupo controle.Objective: to analyze maternal and fetal folate status in cases of neural tube defects (NTD. Methods: a case-control study was designed with 14 cases of fetuses with neural tube defects (study group and 14 cases of fetuses with other unrelated malformations (control group gestational age matched, in low-risk pregnant women. Both total and methylated folic acid levels in fetal and maternal compartments using serum and tissular (red blood cells

  14. Zika Virus Infection during Pregnancy in Mice Causes Placental Damage and Fetal Demise.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Miner, Jonathan J; Cao, Bin; Govero, Jennifer; Smith, Amber M; Fernandez, Estefania; Cabrera, Omar H; Garber, Charise; Noll, Michelle; Klein, Robyn S; Noguchi, Kevin K; Mysorekar, Indira U; Diamond, Michael S

    2016-05-19

    Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women causes intrauterine growth restriction, spontaneous abortion, and microcephaly. Here, we describe two mouse models of placental and fetal disease associated with in utero transmission of ZIKV. Female mice lacking type I interferon signaling (Ifnar1(-/-)) crossed to wild-type (WT) males produced heterozygous fetuses resembling the immune status of human fetuses. Maternal inoculation at embryonic day 6.5 (E6.5) or E7.5 resulted in fetal demise that was associated with ZIKV infection of the placenta and fetal brain. We identified ZIKV within trophoblasts of the maternal and fetal placenta, consistent with a trans-placental infection route. Antibody blockade of Ifnar1 signaling in WT pregnant mice enhanced ZIKV trans-placental infection although it did not result in fetal death. These models will facilitate the study of ZIKV pathogenesis, in utero transmission, and testing of therapies and vaccines to prevent congenital malformations. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  15. Vaccinazione antinfluenzale nella ASL RMF della Regione Lazio: verifica dei risultati e dei costi sostenuti

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L. Di Marzio

    2003-05-01

    Full Text Available

    Obiettivi: la vaccinazione antinfluenzale nella
    Regione Lazio dalla campagna 1999-2000 viene
    condotta sulla base di un protocollo regionale che,
    per favorire il raggiungimento degli obiettivi stabiliti
    dal Piano Sanitario Nazionale, coinvolge i
    Medici di Medicina Generale (MMG prevedendo
    una remunerazione aggiuntiva in parte fissa (a prestazione, in parte variabile (condizionata dal risultato
    del singolo medico e della ASL.
    Gli autori si propongono una verifica dei risultati raggiunti e dei costi sostenuti dall’ultima campagna eseguita con sole risorse aziendali del 1998-99 a quella del 2002-03.

    Metodi: il protocollo regionale prevede la raccolta
    delle informazioni per ciascun vaccinato presente
    nell’anagrafe informatizzata degli assistiti aziendali
    e ciò consente la valutazione delle coperture vaccinali
    aziendale e per ciascun MMG.
    Parallelamente sono considerati costi dei vaccini
    acquistati e retribuzione aggiuntiva dei MMG.

    Risultati: esaminati gli archivi dal 1998-99 al 2002-
    03, emerge il progressivo coinvolgimento dei MMG fino al recente 97%, l’aumento inequivocabile delle dosi di vaccino somministrate (da 9.406 a 36.692 e del tasso di copertura negli anziani (dal 24,2% al 66%. Invece la percentuale dei vaccini somministrati ai ›65 diminuisce dal 85,47% al 71,77% ed aumenta a favore dei più giovani così da risultare coperture negli ultrasessantacinquenni inferiori alle attese.Con gli anni l’integrazione dell’esperienza del servizio e dei MMG ha favorito un più oculato approvvigionamento
    con diminuzione degli sprechi passando dal 15,56% nel 2000-01 all’attuale 4,45%, ma contestualmente i costi risultano decuplicati (da 90 a 938 milioni di lire per maggior numero di dosi somministrate e costo delle prestazioni dei MMG

  16. Evaluation of Placental and Fetal Tissue Specimens for Zika Virus Infection - 50 States and District of Columbia, January-December, 2016.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reagan-Steiner, Sarah; Simeone, Regina; Simon, Elizabeth; Bhatnagar, Julu; Oduyebo, Titilope; Free, Rebecca; Denison, Amy M; Rabeneck, Demi B; Ellington, Sascha; Petersen, Emily; Gary, Joy; Hale, Gillian; Keating, M Kelly; Martines, Roosecelis B; Muehlenbachs, Atis; Ritter, Jana; Lee, Ellen; Davidson, Alexander; Conners, Erin; Scotland, Sarah; Sandhu, Kayleigh; Bingham, Andrea; Kassens, Elizabeth; Smith, Lou; St George, Kirsten; Ahmad, Nina; Tanner, Mary; Beavers, Suzanne; Miers, Brooke; VanMaldeghem, Kelley; Khan, Sumaiya; Rabe, Ingrid; Gould, Carolyn; Meaney-Delman, Dana; Honein, Margaret A; Shieh, Wun-Ju; Jamieson, Denise J; Fischer, Marc; Zaki, Sherif R

    2017-06-23

    Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause congenital microcephaly and brain abnormalities (1), and detection of Zika virus RNA in clinical and tissue specimens can provide definitive laboratory evidence of recent Zika virus infection. Whereas duration of viremia is typically short, prolonged detection of Zika virus RNA in placental, fetal, and neonatal brain tissue has been reported and can provide key diagnostic information by confirming recent Zika virus infection (2). In accordance with recent guidance (3,4), CDC provides Zika virus testing of placental and fetal tissues in clinical situations where this information could add diagnostic value. This report describes the evaluation of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens tested for Zika virus infection in 2016 and the contribution of this testing to the public health response. Among 546 live births with possible maternal Zika virus exposure, for which placental tissues were submitted by the 50 states and District of Columbia (DC), 60 (11%) were positive by Zika virus reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Among 81 pregnancy losses for which placental and/or fetal tissues were submitted, 18 (22%) were positive by Zika virus RT-PCR. Zika virus RT-PCR was positive on placental tissues from 38/363 (10%) live births with maternal serologic evidence of recent unspecified flavivirus infection and from 9/86 (10%) with negative maternal Zika virus immunoglobulin M (IgM) where possible maternal exposure occurred >12 weeks before serum collection. These results demonstrate that Zika virus RT-PCR testing of tissue specimens can provide a confirmed diagnosis of recent maternal Zika virus infection.

  17. Elaborazione dei dati sperimentali

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dapor, M.; Ropele, M.

    L'analisi statistica dei dati sperimentali, la loro elaborazione ed una corretta stima degli errori sono conoscenze necessarie agli studenti di fisica, biologia, chimica, ingegneria e dei corsi di specializzazione tecnico-scientifici in cui a di laboratorio. Chi si occupa di problemi tecnici e di misure, per studio o per lavoro, deve possedere gli strumenti matematici di calcolo e di analisi necessari ad una corretta interpretazione dei dati sperimentali. Il testo fornisce in modo sintetico, chiaro ed esaustivo, tutte le nozioni e le conoscenze utili allo scopo.

  18. Radioactivity level and toxic elemental concentration in groundwater at Dei-Dei and Kubwa areas of Abuja, north-central Nigeria

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maxwell, O.; Wagiran, H.; Lee, S. K.; Embong, Z.; Ugwuoke, P. E.

    2015-02-01

    The activity concentrations of uranium and toxic elements in Dei-Dei borehole, Kubwa borehole, Water Board and hand-dug well water samples in Abuja area were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) system. The results obtained were used to calculate human radiological risk over lifetime consumption by the inhabitants in the area. The activity concentrations of 238U in all the water supplies for drinking ranges from 0.849 mBq L-1 to 2.699 mBq L-1 with the highest value of 2.699 mBq L-1 noted at Dei-Dei borehole whereas the lowest value of 0.849 mBq L-1 was noted in Kubwa borehole. The highest annual effective dose from natural 238U in all the water samples was found in Dei-Dei borehole with a value of 8.9×10-5 mSv y-1 whereas the lowest value was noted in Kubwa borehole with a value of 2.8×10-5 mSv y-1. The radiological risks for cancer mortality were found distinctly low, with the highest value of 1.01×10-7 reported at Dei-Dei borehole compared to Kubwa borehole with a value of 3.01×10-8. The cancer morbidity risk was noted higher in Dei-Dei borehole with a value of 1.55×10-7 whereas lower value of 4.88×10-9 was reported in Kubwa borehole. The chemical toxicity risk of 238U in drinking water over a lifetime consumption has a value of 0.006 μg kg-1 day-1 in Dei-Dei borehole whereas lower value of 0.002 μg kg-1 day-1 was found in Kubwa borehole. Measured lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) concentrations reported higher in Water Board compared to Dei-Dei and Kubwa borehole samples. Significantly, this study inferred that the 238U concentrations originate from granitic strata of the tectonic events in the area; thus, there was a trend of diffusion towards north to south and re-deposition towards Dei-Dei area.

  19. Zika Virus Infection and Stillbirths: A Case of Hydrops Fetalis, Hydranencephaly and Fetal Demise.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manoel Sarno

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available The rapid spread of Zika virus in the Americas and current outbreak of microcephaly in Brazil has raised attention to the possible deleterious effects that the virus may have on fetuses.We report a case of a 20-year-old pregnant woman who was referred to our service after a large Zika virus outbreak in the city of Salvador, Brazil with an ultrasound examination that showed intrauterine growth retardation of the fetus at the 18th gestational week. Ultrasound examinations in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters demonstrated severe microcephaly, hydranencephaly, intracranial calcifications and destructive lesions of posterior fossa, in addition to hydrothorax, ascites and subcutaneous edema. An induced labor was performed at the 32nd gestational week due to fetal demise and delivered a female fetus. ZIKV-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction amplification products were obtained from extracts of cerebral cortex, medulla oblongata and cerebrospinal and amniotic fluid, while extracts of heart, lung, liver, vitreous body of the eye and placenta did not yield detectable products.This case report provides evidence that in addition to microcephaly, there may be a link between Zika virus infection and hydrops fetalis and fetal demise. Given the recent spread of the virus, systematic investigation of spontaneous abortions and stillbirths may be warranted to evaluate the risk that ZIKV infection imparts on these outcomes.

  20. Zika Virus Infection and Stillbirths: A Case of Hydrops Fetalis, Hydranencephaly and Fetal Demise.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sarno, Manoel; Sacramento, Gielson A; Khouri, Ricardo; do Rosário, Mateus S; Costa, Federico; Archanjo, Gracinda; Santos, Luciane A; Nery, Nivison; Vasilakis, Nikos; Ko, Albert I; de Almeida, Antonio R P

    2016-02-01

    The rapid spread of Zika virus in the Americas and current outbreak of microcephaly in Brazil has raised attention to the possible deleterious effects that the virus may have on fetuses. We report a case of a 20-year-old pregnant woman who was referred to our service after a large Zika virus outbreak in the city of Salvador, Brazil with an ultrasound examination that showed intrauterine growth retardation of the fetus at the 18th gestational week. Ultrasound examinations in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters demonstrated severe microcephaly, hydranencephaly, intracranial calcifications and destructive lesions of posterior fossa, in addition to hydrothorax, ascites and subcutaneous edema. An induced labor was performed at the 32nd gestational week due to fetal demise and delivered a female fetus. ZIKV-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction amplification products were obtained from extracts of cerebral cortex, medulla oblongata and cerebrospinal and amniotic fluid, while extracts of heart, lung, liver, vitreous body of the eye and placenta did not yield detectable products. This case report provides evidence that in addition to microcephaly, there may be a link between Zika virus infection and hydrops fetalis and fetal demise. Given the recent spread of the virus, systematic investigation of spontaneous abortions and stillbirths may be warranted to evaluate the risk that ZIKV infection imparts on these outcomes.

  1. Scienza dei servizi

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cavenago, Dario; Mezzanzanica, Mario

    I servizi sono oramai centrali nella vita sociale di ogni Paese. L'aspettativa di ogni attore sociale, sia esso cittadino/utente e/o istituzione, è quella di ricevere da uno scambio che ha alla base un servizio un contributo che si caratterizza per una qualità intrinseca. Il mantenimento di tale promessa richiede all'azienda erogatrice un forte coinvolgimento, nel disegno del servizio, degli utenti ed una capacità di gestione della conoscenza; ciò è particolarmente significativo per quei servizi che si caratterizzano per una forte personalizzazione o complessità progettuale. Disegnare un servizio, metterlo in produzione e gestirne l'erogazione ha una complessità variabile in base al grado di coinvolgimento dei destinati ed alle dimensioni critiche che esprimono le condizioni di fattibilità di un servizio di qualità appropriato alle attese degli utilizzatori. Ugualmente la globalizzazione dell'economia e la scarsità delle risorse ha portato l'attenzione, ai fini della sostenibilità delle condizioni sopra richiamate, di una ricerca di modelli e strumenti che permettano una valutazione e una standardizzazione dei processi di produzione ed erogazione secondo condizioni di economicità. Tali primi e sintetici elementi hanno condotto diversi attori istituzionali, grandi imprese ed università attraverso i loro centri di ricerca, ad una azione di riflessione sul grado di "ingegnerizzazione" dei processi sottesi alla erogazione dei servizi ed in particolare ai servizi che attuano le politiche dei grandi settori di base dell'economia di una Nazione: educazione, sanità, sociale, sviluppo infrastrutture ecc.

  2. Radioactivity level and toxic elemental concentration in groundwater at Dei-Dei and Kubwa areas of Abuja, north-central Nigeria

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Maxwell, O.; Wagiran, H.; Lee, S.K.; Embong, Z.; Ugwuoke, P.E

    2015-01-01

    The activity concentrations of uranium and toxic elements in Dei-Dei borehole, Kubwa borehole, Water Board and hand-dug well water samples in Abuja area were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) system. The results obtained were used to calculate human radiological risk over lifetime consumption by the inhabitants in the area. The activity concentrations of 238 U in all the water supplies for drinking ranges from 0.849 mBq L −1 to 2.699 mBq L −1 with the highest value of 2.699 mBq L −1 noted at Dei-Dei borehole whereas the lowest value of 0.849 mBq L −1 was noted in Kubwa borehole. The highest annual effective dose from natural 238 U in all the water samples was found in Dei-Dei borehole with a value of 8.9×10 −5 mSv y −1 whereas the lowest value was noted in Kubwa borehole with a value of 2.8×10 −5 mSv y −1 . The radiological risks for cancer mortality were found distinctly low, with the highest value of 1.01×10 −7 reported at Dei-Dei borehole compared to Kubwa borehole with a value of 3.01×10 −8 . The cancer morbidity risk was noted higher in Dei-Dei borehole with a value of 1.55×10 −7 whereas lower value of 4.88×10 −9 was reported in Kubwa borehole. The chemical toxicity risk of 238 U in drinking water over a lifetime consumption has a value of 0.006 μg kg −1 day −1 in Dei-Dei borehole whereas lower value of 0.002 μg kg −1 day −1 was found in Kubwa borehole. Measured lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) concentrations reported higher in Water Board compared to Dei-Dei and Kubwa borehole samples. Significantly, this study inferred that the 238 U concentrations originate from granitic strata of the tectonic events in the area; thus, there was a trend of diffusion towards north to south and re-deposition towards Dei-Dei area. - Highlights: • The estimation of human radiological risk over lifetime consumption. • Determination of radiological risks. • The annual effective dose of 238 U in drinking

  3. Influência do estado nutricional materno, ganho de peso e consumo energético sobre o crescimento fetal, em gestações de alto risco Influence of maternal nutritional status, weight gain and energy intake on fetal growth in high-risk pregnancies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roseli Mieko Yamamoto Nomura

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a influência do estado nutricional materno, ganho de peso e consumo energético sobre o crescimento fetal em gestações de alto risco. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de agosto de 2009 a agosto de 2010, com os seguintes critérios de inclusão: puérperas até o 5º dia; gestação de alto risco (caracterizada por complicações médicas ou obstétricas durante a gravidez; feto único e vivo no início do trabalho de parto; parto na instituição; peso materno aferido no dia do parto, e presença de intercorrência clínica e/ou obstétrica caracterizando a gravidez como de alto risco. O estado nutricional foi avaliado pelo índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional e no final da gestação, sendo as pacientes classificadas em: baixo peso, adequado, sobrepeso e obesidade. Para avaliação do consumo energético foi aplicado o Questionário de Frequência de Consumo Alimentar. Foram investigados o ganho de peso materno, dados do parto e resultados perinatais, investigando-se o crescimento fetal pela ocorrência de neonatos pequenos para a idade gestacional e grandes para a idade gestacional. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídas 374 gestantes que constituíram 3 grupos de estudo, de acordo com a adequação do peso do recém-nascido: idade gestacional adequada (270 casos, 72,2%, pequenos para a idade gestacional (91 casos, 24,3% e grandes para a idade gestacional (13 casos, 3,5%. Na análise univariada, as mulheres com neonatos pequenos para a idade gestacional apresentaram média significativamente menor do índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional (23,5 kg/m², pPURPOSE: To analyze the influence of maternal nutritional status, weight gain and energy consumption on fetal growth in high-risk pregnancies. METHODS: A prospective study from August 2009 to August 2010 with the following inclusion criteria: puerperae up to the 5th postpartum day; high-risk singleton pregnancies (characterized by medical or obstetrical complications during

  4. Diagnóstico prenatal no invasivo: Ácidos nucleicos de origen fetal en sangre materna

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carla Sesarini

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Las técnicas actuales de diagnóstico prenatal de enfermedades génicas y cromosómicas incluyen procedimientos invasivos que conllevan un pequeño, pero significativo, riesgo. Por muchos años se ha estudiado la posibilidad de utilizar células fetales en circulación materna; sin embargo, ha fracasado su implementación clínica debido a su escasez y persistencia luego del parto. Desde hace más de una década se detectó ADN fetal libre en sangre de embarazadas. Este sería de origen placentario e indetectable después del parto, y fuente de material fetal para el desarrollo de técnicas diagnósticas utilizando sangre materna. No obstante, la mayoría del ADN libre en circulación materna es de origen materno con una contribución fetal del 3% al 6% aumentando a lo largo de la gestación. Dado que los métodos actuales no permiten separar el ADN libre fetal del materno, las aplicaciones se focalizan en el análisis de genes no presentes en la madre, tales como secuencias del cromosoma Y, o gen RHD en madres Rh negativas, o mutaciones paternas o de novo. Asimismo, la detección de ARN fetal libre en sangre de embarazadas abrió la posibilidad de obtener información acerca de patrones de expresión génica de tejidos embrionarios y, utilizando genes que se expresan sólo en la unidad feto-placentaria, se podría establecer un control de presencia de material fetal, independiente del material genético de la madre. El presente trabajo describe las evidencias acerca del pasaje de ácidos nucleicos fetales a circulación materna, su aplicación actual en el diagnóstico prenatal y posibles usos futuros.

  5. Synchrotron-based DEI for bio-imaging and DEI-CT to image phantoms with contrast agents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rao, Donepudi V.; Swapna, Medasani; Cesareo, Roberto; Brunetti, Antonio; Akatsuka, Tako; Yuasa, Tetsuya; Zhong, Zhong; Takeda, Tohoru; Gigante, Giovanni E.

    2012-01-01

    The introduction of water, physiological, or iodine as contrast agents is shown to enhance minute image features in synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction radiographic and tomographic imaging. Anatomical features of rat kidney, such as papillary ducts, ureter, renal artery and renal vein are clearly distinguishable. Olfactory bulb, olfactory tact, and descending bundles of the rat brain are visible with improved contrast. - Highlights: ► Distinguishable anatomical structures features of rat kidney and rat brain are acquired with Sy-DEI in planar mode. ► Images of a small brain phantom and cylindrical phantom are acquired in tomography mode (Sy-DEI-CT) with contrast agents. ► Sy-DEI and Sy-DEI-CT techniques provide new source of information related to biological microanatomy.

  6. L’addomesticamento dei corpi selvaggi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maurizio Gnerre

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Nella prima parte di questo testo esporrò in modo sintetico alcuni concetti necessari a un impianto prospettico sulle radici corporee della significazione. In tale ambito, porrò in evidenza il ruolo dei micro- e macro-gesti e dei movimenti e della costruzione degli spazi socio-comunicativi che emergono da coordinamenti e sincronizzazioni motorie. Sulla base dei concetti esposti procederò a un’interpretazione di una dimensione centrale dell’attuazione missionaria, quella rivolta alla re-impostazione della gestualità.

  7. Factores nutricionales maternos y el bajo peso al nacer en un área de salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arley Rey Vilchez

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento: el bajo peso al nacer es multifactorial y se atribuye a causas maternas, fetales y ambientales. Los hábitos alimentarios inadecuados unidos a otros factores nutricionales maternos son determinantes. Objetivo: identificar los factores nutricionales maternos relacionados con el bajo peso al nacer en pacientes del Área I del municipio Cienfuegos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico, retrospectivo, de casos y controles entre enero 2006 y diciembre 2008. Se estudiaron 50 madres de recién nacidos bajo peso (casos y 100 madres de niños normopesos (controles a razón de 2 por cada caso, seleccionadas del registro de nacimientos del área. Se revisaron las historias clínicas obstétricas y se entrevistó a cada paciente para evaluar sus hábitos alimentarios según frecuencia de comidas y grupos de alimentos consumidos. El procesamiento de la información se realizó utilizando el programa estadístico SPSS versión 15,0. Los resultados se presentaron en tablas con frecuencias absolutas, porcentajes y resultados de las técnicas estadísticas empleadas. Resultados: se comportaron como factores de riesgo: la edad materna, el estado nutricional al inicio del embarazo, la ganancia de peso durante la gestación y la hemoglobina del tercer trimestre. Las mujeres con hábitos alimentarios inestables e insuficientes tuvieron 33 veces más probabilidades de tener neonatos bajo peso y las que refirieron dietas no saludables según grupos de alimentos consumidos tuvieron 9 veces más riesgo. Conclusiones: los factores nutricionales maternos influyeron en la incidencia del bajo peso al nacer, fundamentalmente los hábitos alimentarios inadecuados.

  8. Prevalência do aleitamento materno Prevalence of breastfeeding

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amauri Pinto da Silva

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar os indicadores de aleitamento materno em consultórios particulares e centros de saúde no município de Lins, SP, e comparar a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo dessa região com a encontrada em outras pesquisas. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal com amostra aleatória de 255 crianças de quatro a doze meses de idade, estratificada por sexo, condição socioeconômica e escolaridade dos pais. Foram avaliados os indicadores de aleitamento materno em dois grupos de crianças: as acompanhadas em consultórios particulares e as acompanhadas em centros de saúde. Foram utilizados questionários respondidos pelos responsáveis. Os dados desta pesquisa foram comparados aos de outros estudos. RESULTADOS: Apesar de haver diferenças significativas nas condições de renda, estrato social e escolaridade dos pais, não houve diferença significativa nos índices de aleitamento materno entre os dois grupos. No grupo total, a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo aos quatro meses foi de 61,1% e a mediana de aleitamento materno exclusivo foi de 120 dias. Os resultados foram superiores aos dos demais estudos consultados. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostraram diferenças relacionadas às condições socioeconômicas, porém, os índices de aleitamento materno foram semelhantes entre os dois grupos. Os resultados de aleitamento materno exclusivo foram superiores aos das demais pesquisas.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the breastfeeding indicators registered for two groups of infants in the city of Lins, São Paulo, Brazil. To compare the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in this area with data found in other studies. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a random sample of 255 infants between 4 and 12 months of age, found in two groups: the infants attended at private medical offices, and those attended at the county health care centers of the city of Lins. The subjects were stratified by sex, parental socioeconomic class and

  9. Maternal and fetal genomes interplay through phosphoinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-p110α signaling to modify placental resource allocation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sferruzzi-Perri, Amanda N.; López-Tello, Jorge; Fowden, Abigail L.; Constancia, Miguel

    2016-01-01

    Pregnancy success and life-long health depend on a cooperative interaction between the mother and the fetus in the allocation of resources. As the site of materno-fetal nutrient transfer, the placenta is central to this interplay; however, the relative importance of the maternal versus fetal genotypes in modifying the allocation of resources to the fetus is unknown. Using genetic inactivation of the growth and metabolism regulator, Pik3ca (encoding PIK3CA also known as p110α, α/+), we examined the interplay between the maternal genome and the fetal genome on placental phenotype in litters of mixed genotype generated through reciprocal crosses of WT and α/+ mice. We demonstrate that placental growth and structure were impaired and associated with reduced growth of α/+ fetuses. Despite its defective development, the α/+ placenta adapted functionally to increase the supply of maternal glucose and amino acid to the fetus. The specific nature of these changes, however, depended on whether the mother was α/+ or WT and related to alterations in endocrine and metabolic profile induced by maternal p110α deficiency. Our findings thus show that the maternal genotype and environment programs placental growth and function and identify the placenta as critical in integrating both intrinsic and extrinsic signals governing materno-fetal resource allocation. PMID:27621448

  10. Analisi della dipendenza spaziale dei prezzi delle abitazioni e dei sottomercati abitativi nella Tainan Metropolis, Taiwan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bor-Ming Hsieh

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available All’interno di questo studio vengono utilizzate diverse metodologie, comprese alcune tecniche di analisi statistica e spaziale, sia per definire i sottomercati spaziali dei prezzi delle abitazioni che per esaminare la dipendenza spaziale dei prezzi delle abitazioni. I dati sono desunti dai prezzi delle transazioni relativi al 2009, riferite all’edilizia abitativa nella Tainan Metropolis. La Tainan Metropolis è una nuova metropoli formata dalla fusione dell'ex Tainan City e di Tainan County. In seguito alla fusione delle municipalità verranno adeguati i confini amministrativi e, nel frattempo, è opportuno individuare i sottomercati spaziali dei prezzi delle abitazioni nell'area metropolitana in relazione ai sottomercati relativi ai precedenti confini amministrativi. Si è constatato che i prezzi più alti delle abitazioni sono concentrati nella zona del centro della città, mentre i prezzi più bassi sono diffusi soprattutto nell'anello esterno al centro della città di Tainan Metropolis. Nella sperimentazione dell’autocorrelazione spaziale dei prezzi delle abitazioni, si è rilevato che si riscontrava una significativa dipendenza spaziale tra i prezzi delle case. I risultati della modellazione dei prezzi delle abitazioni mostrano che i sottomercati spaziali derivati da tecniche di autocorrelazione spaziale hanno impatti più forti e più significativi sui prezzi delle case, inoltre, rispetto ai due modelli alternativi, il modello ha una migliore goodness-of-fit. Le tecniche spaziali possono essere considerate metodi appropriati per classificare sottomercati spaziali dei prezzi delle abitazioni soprattutto nelle aree metropolitane.

  11. Correlação entre a fração inspirada de oxigênio, a pressão parcial de oxigênio materno e a pressão parcial de oxigênio fetal durante parto cesáreo em gestações normais Correlación entre la fracción inspirada de oxígeno, la presión parcial de oxígeno materno y la presión parcial de oxígeno fetal durante el parto por cesárea en embarazos normales Correlation between the inspired fraction of oxygen, maternal partial oxygen pressure, and fetal partial oxygen pressure during cesarean section of normal pregnancies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Henrique Viana de Castro

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Apesar das alterações na função pulmonar, a oxigenação materna se mantém nas anestesias regionais para obstetrícia. Mesmo assim, nessas situações, o fornecimento de oxigênio suplementar para a mãe é prática disseminada. A principal justificativa é a boa oxigenação fetal; entretanto, não há devida comprovação. Este estudo prospectivo e com distribuição randômica das pacientes teve o objetivo de testar a hipótese da existência ou não de correlação entre hiperóxia materna e elevação de parâmetros gasométricos fetais na cesariana eletiva. MÉTODO: Foram estudadas vinte pacientes grávidas, submetidas à raquianestesia, através de gasometrias arteriais, com diferentes frações inspiradas de oxigênio e correlacionadas com a gasometria fetal. RESULTADOS: O aumento da fração inspirada de oxigênio materno não se correlacionou com o aumento da pressão parcial de oxigênio fetal. CONCLUSÕES: A indução de hiperóxia materna através de oxigenoterapia suplementar não foi capaz de aumentar a pressão parcial de oxigênio no feto. Não houve modificação nos parâmetros gasométricos fetais, mesmo em caso de mudança desses parâmetros na parturiente, induzidos pela hiperóxia durante a cesariana sob raquianestesia.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: A pesar de las alteraciones en la función pulmonar, la oxigenación materna se mantiene en las anestesias regionales para obstetricia. Pero incluso así, en esas situaciones, el suministro de oxígeno suplementario para la madre se practica en forma diseminada. La principal justificación es la buena oxigenación fetal, sin embargo, no existe la debida comprobación al respecto. Este estudio prospectivo y con distribución randómica de las pacientes, tuvo el objetivo de comprobar la hipótesis de la existencia o no de una correlación entre la hiperoxia materna y la elevación de los parámetros gasométricos fetales en la cesárea por elecci

  12. Fatores maternos associados ao peso fetal estimado pela ultra-sonografia

    OpenAIRE

    Melo,Adriana Suely de Oliveira; Amorim,Melania Maria Ramos de; Assunção,Paula Lisiane; Melo,Fabiana de Oliveira; Gondim,Sheila Sherezaide Rocha; Carvalho,Danielle Franklin de; Cardoso,Maria Aparecida Alves

    2008-01-01

    OBJETIVO: avaliar o efeito de variáveis maternas, socioeconômicas e obstétricas, assim como a presença de incisuras na 20ª e na 24ª semana, sobre o peso fetal estimado no final da gravidez (36ª semana) em gestantes atendidas pelo Programa Saúde da Família em uma cidade do interior do Nordeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudo longitudinal incluindo 137 gestantes. As gestantes foram acompanhadas a cada quatro semanas para aferição das condições clínicas, socioeconômicas e obstétricas, incluindo o pes...

  13. Elaborazione dei dati sperimentali

    CERN Document Server

    Dapor, Maurizio

    2005-01-01

    L'analisi statistica dei dati sperimentali, la loro elaborazione ed una corretta stima degli errori sono conoscenze necessarie agli studenti di fisica, biologia, chimica, ingegneria e dei corsi di specializzazione tecnico-scientifici in cui è richiesta pratica di laboratorio. Chi si occupa di problemi tecnici e di misure, per studio o per lavoro, deve possedere gli strumenti matematici di calcolo e di analisi necessari ad una corretta interpretazione dei dati sperimentali. Il testo fornisce in modo sintetico, chiaro ed esaustivo, tutte le nozioni e le conoscenze utili allo scopo. Gli argomenti sono esposti in modo rigoroso ma fluido e vengono introdotti con gradualità. Sono riportati i teoremi e le formule essenziali per una completa comprensione evitando, tuttavia, eccessivi appesantimenti matematici. Il libro è stato pensato per consentire ai docenti di scegliere autonomamente gli esperimenti per l'applicazione delle nozioni studiate.

  14. Influence of Infection During Pregnancy on Fetal Development

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adams Waldorf, Kristina M.; McAdams, Ryan M.

    2014-01-01

    Infection by bacteria, viruses and parasites may lead to fetal death, organ injury or limited sequelae depending on the pathogen. Here we consider the role of infection during pregnancy on fetal development including placental development and function, which can lead to fetal growth restriction. The classic group of teratogenic pathogens are referred to as “TORCH” (Toxoplasma gondii, Others like Treponema pallidum, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus), but should include a much broader group of pathogens including Parvovirus B19, Varicella zoster virus, and Plasmodium falciparum to name a few. In this review, we describe the influence of different infections in utero on fetal development and the short- and long-term outcomes for the neonate. In some cases, the mechanisms used by these pathogens to disrupt fetal development are well known. Bacterial infection of the developing fetal lungs and brain begins with inflammatory cascade resulting in cytokine injury and oxidative stress. For some pathogens like P. falciparum, the mechanisms involve oxidative stress and apoptosis to disrupt placental and fetal growth. An in utero infection may also impact the long-term health of the infant; in many cases, a viral infection in utero increases the risk of developing Type 1 diabetes in childhood. Understanding the varied mechanisms employed by these pathogens may enable therapies to attenuate changes in fetal development, decrease preterm birth, and improve survival. PMID:23884862

  15. Utilidad de una prueba cualitativa para la detección de fibronectina fetal en secreción cervicovaginal como predictor de parto prematuro

    OpenAIRE

    L.R. López-Ocaña; F. Palacios-Torres; M.O. Coreño-Juárez; D.A. Obando-Izquierdo; E. Krug-Llamas; R.R. Villanueva-Romero; M. Rodríguez-Gutiérrez; Y.M. Gómez Alegre; M.L. Martínez Morgado

    2015-01-01

    La fibronectina fetal es una glucoproteína de la matriz extracelular que se localiza en la interfase materno-fetal de las membranas amnióticas, entre la decidua y el corion. Los niveles séricos de fibronectina fetal ≥ 50 ng/ml a partir de las 22 semanas de gestación más se han asociado con un riesgo de partos prematuros espontáneos. El parto prematuro es el nacimiento que se presenta antes de las 37 semanas de gestación, es multicausal, contribuye con un 70% de la mortalidad perinatal y su...

  16. Cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma and noninvasive prenatal diagnosis DNA fetal libre en el plasma materno y diagnóstico prenatal no invasivo DNA livre fetal em plasma materno e diagnóstico pré-natal não invasivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ester Silveira Ramos

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available The noninvasive nature of the detection of fetal DNA in the maternal circulation represents the greatest advantage over the conventional methods of prenatal diagnosis. The applications of this methodology involve the detection of the fetal sex, and diagnosis, intra-uterine treatment, and evaluation of the prognosis of many diseases. Fetal cells detected in the maternal circulation have also been shown to be implicated in autoimmune diseases and to represent a potential source of stem cells. On the other hand, with the introduction of a technology that detects the fetal sex as early as at 6-8 weeks of gestation, there is the possibility of early abortion based on sex selection for social purposes. This implies an ethical discussion about the question. The introduction of new noninvasive techniques of prenatal diagnosis and the knowledge of the Nursing Team regarding new methodologies can be of great benefit to the mother and her children, and can help the Genetic Counseling of the families.La naturaleza no invasiva de la investigación del DNA fetal en la circulación materna representa una ventaja importante con relación a los métodos convencionales de diagnóstico prenatal. El uso de esta metodología implica la determinación del sexo fetal y el diagnóstico, el tratamiento intra-útero y la evaluación del pronóstico en muchas enfermedades. Las células fetales detectadas en la circulación maternal también pueden ser implicadas en enfermedades autoinmunes y representar una fuente potencial de células madre. Por otra parte, con la introducción de una tecnología que detecte el sexo fetal entre 6-8 semanas de gestación, existe la posibilidad de aborto precoz basada en la selección del sexo para los propósitos sociales. Esto implica una discusión ética previa sobre este problema. La introducción de nuevas técnicas no invasivas de diagnóstico prenatal y el conocimiento del Equipo de Enfermería con respecto a las nuevas metodolog

  17. Lack of evidence for the presence of emerging HoBi-like viruses in North American fetal bovine serum lots.

    Science.gov (United States)

    The detection of HoBi-like virus in fetal bovine serum (FBS) labeled as United States of America (USA) origin, but packaged in Europe, raised concerns that HoBi-like virus may have entered the USA. In this study, 90 lots of FBS originating in North America (NA) were screened for pestivirus antigen ...

  18. Diagnóstico prenatal no invasivo: Ácidos nucleicos de origen fetal en sangre materna Non invasive prenatal diagnosis: Fetal nucleic acid analysis in maternal blood

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carla Sesarini

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Las técnicas actuales de diagnóstico prenatal de enfermedades génicas y cromosómicas incluyen procedimientos invasivos que conllevan un pequeño, pero significativo, riesgo. Por muchos años se ha estudiado la posibilidad de utilizar células fetales en circulación materna; sin embargo, ha fracasado su implementación clínica debido a su escasez y persistencia luego del parto. Desde hace más de una década se detectó ADN fetal libre en sangre de embarazadas. Este sería de origen placentario e indetectable después del parto, y fuente de material fetal para el desarrollo de técnicas diagnósticas utilizando sangre materna. No obstante, la mayoría del ADN libre en circulación materna es de origen materno con una contribución fetal del 3% al 6% aumentando a lo largo de la gestación. Dado que los métodos actuales no permiten separar el ADN libre fetal del materno, las aplicaciones se focalizan en el análisis de genes no presentes en la madre, tales como secuencias del cromosoma Y, o gen RHD en madres Rh negativas, o mutaciones paternas o de novo. Asimismo, la detección de ARN fetal libre en sangre de embarazadas abrió la posibilidad de obtener información acerca de patrones de expresión génica de tejidos embrionarios y, utilizando genes que se expresan sólo en la unidad feto-placentaria, se podría establecer un control de presencia de material fetal, independiente del material genético de la madre. El presente trabajo describe las evidencias acerca del pasaje de ácidos nucleicos fetales a circulación materna, su aplicación actual en el diagnóstico prenatal y posibles usos futuros.Current prenatal diagnosis of monogeneic and chromosomal diseases, includes invasive procedures which carry a small but significant risk. For many years, analysis of fetal cells in maternal circulation has been studied, however it has failed its clinical use due to the scarcity of these cells and their persistance after delivery. For more than a

  19. Síndrome metabólico durante el embarazo: Complicaciones materno-fetales

    OpenAIRE

    Yépez, Mayel Cristina; Zeppenfel, María Eugenia; Colón, José Antonio; Zimmer, Eveline

    2011-01-01

    Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el síndrome metabólico y las complicaciones maternas, fetales y neonatales, en un grupo de embarazadas entre agosto 2008 y septiembre 2009. Ambiente: Servicio Prenatal de la Maternidad “Concepción Palacios”. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, longitudinal, comparativo, con una muestra de 130 embarazadas, 38 cumplieron los criterios de la Federación Internacional de Diabetes para síndrome metabólico y 92 fueron el grupo control. Resultados: El promedio de ed...

  20. Tecnologia simplificada na enfermagem materno infantil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Selma Campestrini

    1991-09-01

    Full Text Available A autora apresenta três modelos de tecnologia simplificada da enfermagem materno infantil: o equipamento didático SEIO COBAIA para treinar exercícios e massagens da mama e mamilo; a peça indumentária SUPRETRAUMA - sutiã preventivo de traumatismo mamilar - usado por gestantes; e, a técnica para reverter mamilo umbilicado durante o puerperio imediato. Além de corroborar na promoção do aleitamento materno e na prevenção de desmame precoce, demonstra a possibilidade da enfermagem relacionar o saber teórico-científico com o saber tecnico-prático, na saúde da mulher e da criança, com tecnologia adequada às necessidades, à compreensão e ao bem estar da população.

  1. Storia della teoria dei quanti

    CERN Document Server

    Hund, Friedrich

    1980-01-01

    La storia della fisica ha vissuto tra il 1900 e il 1927 uno dei suoi periodi più entusiasmanti. La teoria dei quanti non è stata importante solo per la fisica atomica, ma ha improntato di sé tutta l'epistemologia attuale : grazie ad essa il mondo viene oggi visto con occhi diversi e il concetto di realtà ha subìto profonde modificazioni.

  2. Comparative performance of fetal goat tongue cell line ZZ-R 127 and fetal porcine kidney cell line LFBK-αvβ6 for Foot-and-mouth disease virus isolation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fukai, Katsuhiko; Morioka, Kazuki; Yamada, Manabu; Nishi, Tatsuya; Yoshida, Kazuo; Kitano, Rie; Yamazoe, Reiko; Kanno, Toru

    2015-07-01

    The fetal goat tongue cell line ZZ-R 127 and the fetal porcine kidney cell line LFBK-α(v)β(6) have been reported to have high sensitivity to various Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strains. The suitability of ZZ-R 127 cells for FMDV isolation not only from epithelial suspensions but also from other clinical samples has already been confirmed in a previous study. However, to our knowledge, the suitability of LFBK-α(v)β(6) cells has not been evaluated using clinical samples other than epithelial materials. In addition, both cell lines have never been compared, in terms of use for FMDV isolation, under the same conditions. Therefore, in the current study, the virus isolation rates of both cell lines were compared using clinical samples collected from animals infected experimentally with FMDV. Viruses were successfully isolated from clinical samples other than epithelial suspensions for both cell lines. The virus isolation rates for the 2 cell lines were not significantly different. The Cohen kappa coefficients between the virus isolation results for both cell lines were significantly high. Taken together, these results confirmed the suitability of LFBK-α(v)β(6) cells for FMDV isolation from clinical samples other than epithelial suspensions. The levels of susceptibility of both cell lines to FMDV isolation were also confirmed to be almost the same. © 2015 The Author(s).

  3. LA RIABILITAZIONE IMPLANTOPROTESICA DEI PAZIENTI SOTTOPOSTI A RESEZIONE ONCOLOGICA DEI MASCELLARI: NOSTRO PROTOCOLLO DI TRATTAMENTO.

    OpenAIRE

    Bucci, Tommaso

    2010-01-01

    I pazienti sottoposti a resezione oncologica per patologia neoplastica del cavo orale, subiscono interventi chirurgici molto spesso mutilanti che, nonostante la ricostruzione del difetto osseo e dei tessuti molli, determinano una alterazione della normale anatomia della cavitá orale, una alterazione dei normali movimenti della lingua e della mandibola, un deficit della sensibilitá propriocettiva della mucosa orale. Tutte queste variabili determinano una impossibilitá da parte del pazie...

  4. Meccanica quantistica relativistica introduzione alla teoria quantistica dei campi

    CERN Document Server

    Maiani, Luciano

    2012-01-01

    Tra gli argomenti trattati: le simmetrie dello spazio-tempo; la particella libera classica; teoria lagrangiana dei campi; quantizzazione dell' equazione di Klein Gordon; quantizzazione del campo elettromagnetico; l'equazione di Dirac; i propagatori dei campi liberi; interazioni; evoluzione nel tempo dei sistemi quantistici; teoria relativistica delle perturbazioni...

  5. Vaginal Exposure to Zika Virus during Pregnancy Leads to Fetal Brain Infection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yockey, Laura J; Varela, Luis; Rakib, Tasfia; Khoury-Hanold, William; Fink, Susan L; Stutz, Bernardo; Szigeti-Buck, Klara; Van den Pol, Anthony; Lindenbach, Brett D; Horvath, Tamas L; Iwasaki, Akiko

    2016-08-25

    Zika virus (ZIKV) can be transmitted sexually between humans. However, it is unknown whether ZIKV replicates in the vagina and impacts the unborn fetus. Here, we establish a mouse model of vaginal ZIKV infection and demonstrate that, unlike other routes, ZIKV replicates within the genital mucosa even in wild-type (WT) mice. Mice lacking RNA sensors or transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7 resulted in higher levels of local viral replication. Furthermore, mice lacking the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR) became viremic and died of infection after a high-dose vaginal ZIKV challenge. Notably, vaginal infection of pregnant dams during early pregnancy led to fetal growth restriction and infection of the fetal brain in WT mice. This was exacerbated in mice deficient in IFN pathways, leading to abortion. Our study highlights the vaginal tract as a highly susceptible site of ZIKV replication and illustrates the dire disease consequences during pregnancy. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. Il Garante e la protezione dei dati personali

    OpenAIRE

    Carlesi, Carlo

    2006-01-01

    Presentazione PowerPoint, svolta come parte del tema: Sicurezza dei dati e applicazione del 'Codice in materia di protezione dei dati personali', nell'ambito del corso di formazione 'STeP: Sicurezza Tutela e Privacy'. Obiettivo della presentazione, illustrare le principali attivit? svolte dal 'Garante per la protezione dei dati personali' in qualit? di autorit? indipendente istituita con la legge n.675 del 1996, detta anche legge sulla 'Privacy'.

  7. Revisión Bibliográfica: Relación de la subunidad beta de gonadotropina corionica humana, testosterona libre y sexo fetal con el desarrollo de preeclampsia.

    OpenAIRE

    Francisco A. Yegüez M; Olivar C. Castejón; Marisol García de Yegüez

    2007-01-01

    La hipertensión arterial que complica al embarazo, constituye una patología compleja que comprende entidades clínicas como la preeclampsia (PE), eclampsia (E) y síndrome de HELLP. En su etiopatogenia se imbrican innumerables factores conducentes a disfunción endotelial que desencadena una cascada de manifestacionesclínicas que generan un gran impacto en la salud materno fetal: restricción del crecimiento fetal, parto prematuro y/o asfixia perinatal, abruptio placentae, hemorragias maternas in...

  8. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: maternal and fetal complications.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Grio, R; Porpiglia, M; Vetro, E; Uligini, R; Piacentino, R; Minì, D; Marchino, G L

    1994-12-01

    From an analysis of the data reported in the literature it is clear that pregnancy is a predisposing factor for urinary tract infection and that pregnant women with this pathology are exposed to dangerous risks which may influence maternal wellbeing and fetal prognosis. Authors do not concur on the specific risks to the mother and fetus, one reason being that the statistics reported to date reveal discrepancies relating to the presence of disorders prior to pregnancy and the environmental, working and socio-hygienic conditions of the populations studied. The apparently paradoxical finding of a higher incidence of perinatal problems in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria compared to manifest forms can be attributed to the fact that the latter are treated with adequate therapies whereas asymptomatic bacteriuria, which is difficult to diagnose, may persist throughout pregnancy. This underlines the importance of early diagnosis using a protocol which entails the execution of serial urine tests and urine cultures and adequate treatment of all cases of asymptomatic bacteriuria in order to reduce the incidence of urinary tract infections and materno-fetal complications. Non-treated asymptomatic bacteriuria in fact represents a considerable risk factor since it may lead to the onset of acute pyelonephritis in approximately 5% of pregnant women and may increase the risk of fetal mortality.

  9. Effetti dei blocchi totali del traffico motorizzato sulla concentrazione dei principali inquinamenti atmosferici

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C. Signorelli

    2003-05-01

    Full Text Available

    Obiettivi: il contenimento degli inquinamenti atmosferici attraverso blocchi parziali e totali dei veicoli circolanti nelle aree critiche è un tema molto dibattuto negli ultimi anni, soprattutto in relazione all’efficacia a breve e medio termine di questi provvedimenti sulla concentrazione degli inquinanti nell’aria. Sulla base dei dati diffusi dall’ARPA della Regione Lombardia sono stati analizzati gli effetti di due blocchi totali del traffico motorizzato, avvenuti in due domeniche dell’inverno 2001-2002, sulle concentrazioni di due inquinanti specifici per il traffico veicolare, il PM10 e il benzene.

    Metodologia: l’analisi è stata condotta in Lombardia considerando i dati ambientali delle tre zone critiche dove sono stati registrati i valori più elevati di inquinanti atmosferici e dove sono stati attuati i blocchi del traffico come misura d’emergenza (Milano, Como e Sempione. Tramite l’elaborazione di alcuni parametri metereologici, di grafici e di dati relativi l’andamento delle medie giornaliere e orarie degli inquinanti considerati è stata, quindi valutata l’efficacia dei blocchi stradali ai fini della diminuzione dell’inquinamento atmosferico.

    Risultati: i risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato che le concentrazioni di inquinanti subiscono complessivamente un calo nelle ore di blocco del traffico, ma risalgono rapidamente a partire dalle ore successive la conclusione dei blocchi e non subiscono variazioni significative nei giorni successivi. I fattori metereologici (vento e pioggia intensa rivestono grande importanza nel condizionare la concentrazioni di PM10 e benzene.

    Conclusioni: i risultati confermano che i provvedimenti d’emergenza di limitazione del traffico non rappresentano una soluzione definitiva per ridurre complessivamente l’inquinamento atmosferico nelle aree urbane. Risulta, quindi, necessario effettuare

  10. Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança e aleitamento materno em unidade de neonatologia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vannuchi Marli T Oliveira

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto da iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança sobre a prática do aleitamento materno durante a internação de recém-nascidos em unidade de neonatologia e durante os primeiros seis meses de vida. MÉTODOS: Foram consultados todos os prontuários de recém-nascidos internados em unidade de neonatologia de um hospital de ensino durante os anos de 1994 (N=285 e 1998 (N=368. Foram analisadas informações sobre o regime alimentar durante a internação e após a alta hospitalar, até os primeiros seis meses de vida. Para estimar a duração do aleitamento materno e do aleitamento materno exclusivo e as diferenças entre os dois anos, foram utilizados a técnica de Kaplan-Meier e o teste de Log-Rank. Análises de regressão logística e de Cox foram aplicadas para controlar variáveis de confusão. RESULTADOS: Durante o período de internação, houve aumento expressivo do percentual de crianças em aleitamento materno exclusivo (de 1,9%, em 1994, para 41,7%, em 1998 e alimentação exclusiva por fórmula, que era de 17,9%, em 1994, e deixou de existir em 1998. Quanto à amamentação nos primeiros seis meses de vida, o tempo mediano do aleitamento materno exclusivo aumentou de 12 para 45 dias. Para o aleitamento materno, que inclui a ingestão de outros alimentos, não houve diferença significativa. CONCLUSÕES: A implantação da iniciativa do hospital estudado contribuiu para aumentar o índice de aleitamento materno exclusivo durante a internação de recém-nascidos em uma unidade de neonatologia e nos primeiros seis meses de vida.

  11. Idraulica dei sistemi fognari dalla teoria alla pratica

    CERN Document Server

    Gisonni, Corrado

    2012-01-01

    La progettazione dei sistemi fognari e dei manufatti in essi presenti richiede un’attenta conoscenza delle leggi che regolano i fenomeni idraulici, con particolare riferimento alle correnti idriche a superficie libera. Partendo dalle nozioni fondamentali dell’Idraulica, il testo intende colmare alcune importanti lacune che ancora caratterizzano la letteratura italiana nel settore e che spesso sono alla base di errori progettuali, con ovvie conseguenze sulla sicurezza dei centri abitati (come testimoniato dai frequenti fenomeni di allagamento che sono stati registrati negli ultimi anni). Il libro è rivolto agli allievi dei corsi di studio nel settore dell’ingegneria Civile ed Ambientale. Particolare interesse è rivolto ai professionisti operanti nel settore della ingegneria idraulica e della pianificazione urbana, per i quali è forte l’esigenza di testi che contengano indicazioni di carattere sia teorico sia pratico, finalizzate alla progettazione di sistemi di drenaggio nei centri abitati.

  12. Il cumulo dei redditi.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    V. BARATTIERI

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available L’imposizione dei redditi familiari è diffusa nella maggior parte dei paesi sviluppati, seppure con varianti profondamente diverse per mitigare l’onere. La tassazione separata è in vigore solo in Canada, Grecia e Nuova Zelanda, on chè , tra i paesi latini, in Argentina. Non sempre però la tassazione separata risulta più favorevole, in quanto alcune forme peculiari del cumulo, quali “splitting” ed il quoziente familiare, consentono un trattamento preferenziale per le famiglie rispetto ai nn coniugati. I vantaggi del quoziente familiare sono ancora maggiori , specie per le famiglie numerose, e questo sembra anacronistico in un momento in cui vi è larga convergenza d’opinioni sull’opportunità di non incoraggiare l’espansione demografica.

  13. [Active management of labor with cesarean index 6.4% and very good materno-fetal outcome].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Crespo Ruiz, Eliodoro; Rodríguez Fernández, Jesús Javier

    2002-11-01

    The objective of this study is to reduce the incidence of cesarean section and to evaluate the impact on fetal-maternal morbidity and mortality by strictly following the guidelines of the National Health Office (Secretaria de Salud) at the Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Garza Garcia in Nuevo Leon, Mexico. A prospective and observational study was made. All the patients who culminated their pregnancy on Saturdays and Sundays between 7:00 and 19:00 hrs, in the period June 2000 to June 2001, were included in this study. The incidence of Cesarean sections and its impact on maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality were observed. A total of 798 patients were included in the study. The total number of newborns was 801. The age average was of 23.4 years (14 years-40 years). Of the 798 patients, 280 (35.1%) presented dystocia at vaginal delivery, 467 patients (58.5%) had an eutocic vaginal delivery and 51 patients (6.4%) went through a Caesarean section. The Apgar scores were: 8 at the first minute and 9 at the fifth minute for 681 neonates (85.01%); and 7/9 for 53 (6.6%). According to the results obtained in the present study we can conclude that the incidence of Cesarean section can be reduced by strictly following the guidelines of the National Health Office without affecting the maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality.

  14. Teoria dei campi

    CERN Document Server

    Landau, Lev Davidovich

    1996-01-01

    Principio di relatività ; meccanica relativistica ; carica in un campo elettromagnetico ; equazioni del campo elettromagnetico ; campo elettromagnetico costante ; onde elettromagnetiche ; propagazione della luce ; campo di cariche in moto ; radiazione elettromagnetica ; particella in un campo gravitazionale ; equazioni del campo gravitazionale ; campo dei gravi ; onde gravitazionali ; cosmologia relativistica.

  15. Type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection increases apoptosis at the maternal-fetal interface in late gestation pregnant gilts.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Predrag Novakovic

    Full Text Available The pathogenesis of fetal death associated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS is hypothesized to be a consequence of PRRS virus-induced apoptosis at the maternal-fetal interface (MFI. The objectives of this study were to evaluate distribution and degree of apoptosis in the uterine and fetal placental tissues during the experimental type 2 PRRS virus (PRRSV infection and determine associations between apoptosis at the MFI, PRRSV RNA concentration and antigen staining intensity, PRRSV-induced microscopic lesions, and fetal preservation status. A total of 114 naïve, high-health pregnant gilts were inoculated with type 2 PRRSV on gestation day 85±1 with euthanasia 21 days later; 19 sham-inoculated gilts served as controls. Two hundred and fifty samples of uterine tissue with fetal placenta were selected based on negative, low PRRSV RNA, and high PRRSV RNA concentration (0, 2.7 log10 copies/mg, respectively. TUNEL assay was used to detect apoptosis in the endometrium and at the MFI. PRRSV RNA concentration and numbers of PRRSV immunopositive cells in uterine and placental tissue were positively associated with the severity of apoptosis in the endometrium and the MFI (P<0.001, P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively. The number of TUNEL positive cells at the MFI was also positively associated with the severity (P<0.001 of vasculitis, but not total numbers of inflammatory cells in the endometrium. Increased numbers of TUNEL positive cells at the MFI were associated with PRRSV load in the fetal thymus, and greater odds of meconium staining of the fetus at 21 days post infection (P<0.001 for both. These findings suggest an important role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of uterine epithelial and trophoblastic cell death at the MFI. Moreover, apoptosis at the MFI is significantly associated with fetal demise during in utero type 2 PRRSV infection.

  16. Conducta médica posnatal ante la dilatación del tracto urinario superior fetal

    OpenAIRE

    Sandalio Durán Álvarez

    2012-01-01

    El seguimiento sistemático del embarazo normal mediante el estudio ultrasonográfico materno-fetal ha demostrado que por cada 500 embarazos debemos esperar una anomalía importante del tracto urinario. La anomalía detectada con mayor frecuencia es la dilatación del tracto urinario superior, que si bien la mayoría de las veces no se traduce en una alteración importante, obliga a su estudio posnatal para poder valorar su significación. Una dilatación del tracto urinario superior puede ser la trad...

  17. Missionale kerk, missio Dei en kerkverband: ’n Diskussie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Griffel van Wyk

    2014-11-01

    focused on recent criticism of the missional church movement in South Africa, probed the underlying role of the missio Dei in the missional church movement and touched on the implications of the missio Dei for inter-church relations. The missio Dei proves to be of much value for fruitful discussion on the emerging and missional church, because it functions as a suitable paradigm of reference and theological enquiry and also seems able to address issues arising within denominations and inter-church relations caused by the emerging church phenomenon.

  18. Propuesta de un nuevo puntaje para optimizar estimados ecográficos de peso fetal: estudio piloto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Rojas Camayo

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: La estimación del peso fetal es importante para las decisiones obstétricas; la precisión de los estimados ecográficos no ha sido estudiada. Objetivos: Determinar la precisión del estimado ecográfico del peso fetal mediante un puntaje basado en parámetros clínicos, ecográficos y maternos. Diseño: Estudio de tipo transversal. Lugar: Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Perú. Participantes: 130 gestantes y sus fetos. Intervenciones: Se consignó datos clínicos, ecográficos y maternos. Se procedió a dicotomizar los aciertos entre menor o igual a ±10% (acertadas y mayor a ±10% (erradas del peso real. Se analizó las variables clínicas, ecográficas y maternas mediante el uso de las curvas ROC, para identificar aquellas que tuvieron más influencia en la precisión ecográfica. Con las variables identificadas, se procedió al desarrollo de un modelo de regresión logística, para establecer un puntaje que estimara la probabilidad de variación, teniendo como punto de corte ±10% del peso real. Principales medidas de resultados: Precisión de un puntaje que relaciona la edad gestacional con la circunferencia abdominal y el diámetro biparietal del feto, el ponderado clínico y el peso materno. Resultados: El nuevo puntaje tuvo un buena capacidad de discriminación de las ecografías, según su variación a ±10% del peso real (área bajo la curva ROC: 0,76 p<0,001. Según los puntajes obtenidos, se obtuvo tres grupos: rendimiento alto 20%, rendimiento convencional 44,4% y rendimiento bajo 71,2%. Conclusiones: El nuevo puntaje propuesto tiene la capacidad de estimar la probabilidad de variación de los estimados ecográficos mayores al ±10% del peso real, conformando tres grupos de rendimiento: alto, convencional y bajo.

  19. Estrés Materno y Configuración Familiar: Estudio comparativo en Familias Chilenas Monoparentales y Nucleares de bajos ingresos

    OpenAIRE

    Olhaberry, Marcia; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Farkas, Chamarrita

    2012-01-01

    Los estudios sobre estrés materno durante la crianza infantil han considerado variables contextuales para explicarlo. El nivel socioeconómico, así como la configuración familiar han sido variables relevantes, asociándose monoparentalidad en familias de bajos ingresos a mayores niveles de estrés materno. Se estudian los niveles de estrés materno en familias chilenas nucleares y monoparentales de N.S.E. bajo, considerando el estrés en distintas dimensiones, asociado al rol materno, a la interac...

  20. Pathologic Evaluation of Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection at the Maternal-Fetal Interface of Late Gestation Pregnant Gilts.

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    Predrag Novakovic

    Full Text Available The pathogenesis of fetal death caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV remains unclear. The objective of this study was to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis by assessing potential relationships between specific histopathological lesions and PRRSV RNA concentration in the fetuses and the maternal-fetal interface. Pregnant gilts were inoculated with PRRSV (n = 114 or sham inoculated (n = 19 at 85±1 days of gestation. Dams and their litters were humanely euthanized and necropsied 21 days later. PRRSV RNA concentration was measured by qRT-PCR in the maternal-fetal interface and fetal thymus (n = 1391. Presence of fetal lesions was positively related to PRRSV RNA concentration in the maternal-fetal interface and fetal thymus (P<0.05 for both, but not to the distribution or severity of vasculitis, or the severity of endometrial inflammation. The presence of fetal and umbilical lesions was associated with greater odds of meconium staining (P<0.05 for both. The distribution and severity of vasculitis in endometrium were not significantly related to PRRSV RNA concentration in maternal-fetal interface or fetal thymus. Endometrial inflammation severity was positively related to distribution and severity of vasculitis in endometrium (P<0.001 for both. Conclusions from this study suggest that type 2 PRRSV infection in pregnant gilts induces significant histopathological lesions at maternal-fetal interface, but they are not associated with presence of PRRSV in the maternal-fetal interface at 21 days post infection. Conversely, fetal pathological lesions are associated with presence of PRRSV in the maternal-fetal interface and fetal thymus, and meconium staining is significantly associated with the presence of both fetal and umbilical lesions observed 21 days post infection.

  1. Pathologic Evaluation of Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection at the Maternal-Fetal Interface of Late Gestation Pregnant Gilts

    Science.gov (United States)

    Novakovic, Predrag; Harding, John C. S.; Al-Dissi, Ahmad N.; Ladinig, Andrea; Detmer, Susan E.

    2016-01-01

    The pathogenesis of fetal death caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis by assessing potential relationships between specific histopathological lesions and PRRSV RNA concentration in the fetuses and the maternal-fetal interface. Pregnant gilts were inoculated with PRRSV (n = 114) or sham inoculated (n = 19) at 85±1 days of gestation. Dams and their litters were humanely euthanized and necropsied 21 days later. PRRSV RNA concentration was measured by qRT-PCR in the maternal-fetal interface and fetal thymus (n = 1391). Presence of fetal lesions was positively related to PRRSV RNA concentration in the maternal-fetal interface and fetal thymus (P<0.05 for both), but not to the distribution or severity of vasculitis, or the severity of endometrial inflammation. The presence of fetal and umbilical lesions was associated with greater odds of meconium staining (P<0.05 for both). The distribution and severity of vasculitis in endometrium were not significantly related to PRRSV RNA concentration in maternal-fetal interface or fetal thymus. Endometrial inflammation severity was positively related to distribution and severity of vasculitis in endometrium (P<0.001 for both). Conclusions from this study suggest that type 2 PRRSV infection in pregnant gilts induces significant histopathological lesions at maternal-fetal interface, but they are not associated with presence of PRRSV in the maternal-fetal interface at 21 days post infection. Conversely, fetal pathological lesions are associated with presence of PRRSV in the maternal-fetal interface and fetal thymus, and meconium staining is significantly associated with the presence of both fetal and umbilical lesions observed 21 days post infection. PMID:26963101

  2. Implicazioni della regolazione dei mercati dei derivati sulle materie prime negli USA e nell’Unione Europea

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    Jayati Ghosh

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Implicazioni della regolazione dei mercati dei derivati sulle materie prime negli USA e nell’Unione EuropeaAbstract: The argument for effective financial regulation to curb financial activity and associated volatility in primary commodity markets is now more compelling than ever, in the context of the renewed increase in food prices. However, as in much other financial regulation, the devil is in the detail. This paper considers recent patterns in global food markets and discusses some of the implications of recent moves to regulate financial activity in commodity futures markets in the US and the EU. Specific regulatory issues are considered and alternative strategies are considered.

  3. As necessidades comunicacionais das práticas educativas na prevenção da transmissão materno-fetal do HIV Communication needs of education practices in preventing maternal-fetal HIV transmission

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Katia Virginia de O Feliciano

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: elucidar a fecundidade da prática educativa centrada na prevenção da transmissão materno-fetal da AIDS para promover a comunicação usuárias-serviços. MÉTODOS: Estudo exploratório, parte de uma pesquisa sobre atenção pré-natal, realizado em 19 centros de saúde, duas maternidades e seis unidades de saúde da família da Secretaria de Saúde da cidade do Recife, de maio a julho de 1998. O processo de trabalho foi observado, equipes técnicas entrevistadas e um questionário foi aplicado às 355 mulheres em atendimento; dessas, 81 foram submetidas à sondagem. RESULTADOS: nenhum serviço faz aconselhamento, mesmo quando informam sobre o teste anti-HIV (48,1%. O trabalho educativo está focalizado no fornecimento de informações durante a consulta, pois, as atividades coletivas, nas unidades que realizam-nas (48,1%, não ocorrem em todos os horários do pré-natal. A prática educativa baseada na racionalidade estratégica subestima a importância da aproximação às decisões valorativas das mulheres, das quais somente 11,1% utilizam camisinha de modo sistemático. CONCLUSÕES: a pequena oferta de atividades educativas no pré-natal e o "monólogo tecnocrático" que predomina nas relações entre usuárias e serviços de saúde têm repercussões negativas na vulnerabilidade da população feminina e de seus filhos.OBJECTIVES: to determine the efficiency of educational methods in preventing maternal-fetal AIDS transmission through communication among users and health services providers. METHODS: exploratory study, part of the survey on pre-natal care, accomplished in 19 clinics, two maternity hospitals and six family health units performed by the Health Secretariat of the city of Recife, from May to July, 1998. Procedures were observed, technical teams were interviewed and questionnaires applied to 355 women being seen, of these, 81 participated of the survey. RESULTS: healthcare providers do not perform counseling, even

  4. Immortalization of Human Fetal Hepatocyte by Ectopic Expression of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase, Human Papilloma Virus (E7) and Simian Virus 40 Large T (SV40 T) Antigen Towards Bioartificial Liver Support.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Giri, Shibashish; Bader, Augustinus

    2014-09-01

    Generation of genetically stable and non-tumoric immortalization cell line from primary cells would be enormously useful for research and therapeutic purposes, but progress towards this goal has so far been limited. It is now universal acceptance that immortalization of human fetal hepatocytes based on recent advances of telomerase biology and oncogene, lead to unlimited population doubling could be the possible source for bioartificial liver device. Immortalization of human fetal hepatocytes cell line by ectopic expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), human papilloma virus gene (E7) and simian virus 40 large T (SV40 T) antigens is main goal of present study. We used an inducible system containing human telomerase and E7, both of which are cloned into responder constructs controlled by doxycycline transactivator. We characterized the immortalized human fetal hepatocyte cells by analysis of green fluorescent cells (GFP) positive cells using flow cytometry (FACs) cell sorting and morphology, proliferative rate and antigen expression by immunohistochemical analysis. In addition to we analysized lactate formation, glucose consumption, albumin secretion and urea production of immortalized human fetal hepatocyte cells. After 25 attempts for transfection of adult primary hepatocytes by human telomerase and E7 to immortalize them, none of the transfection systems resulted in the production of a stable, proliferating cell line. Although the transfection efficiency was more than 70% on the first day, the vast majority of the transfected hepatocytes lost their signal within the first 5-7 days. The remaining transfected hepatocytes persisted for 2-4 weeks and divided one or two times without forming a clone. After 10 attempts of transfection human fetal hepatocytes using the same transfection system, we obtained one stable human fetal hepatocytes cell line which was able albumin secretion urea production and glucose consumption. We established a

  5. The materno-fetal interface in llama (Lama guanicoe glama A interface materno-fetal em lhamas (Lama guanicoe glama

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    David M. Iturrizaga

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Samples from 9 llamas (28 through 36 weeks of gestation were collected and fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde (light microscopy and in 2.5% buffered glutaraldehyde (transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The material was processed in paraplast and slides (5mm were stained with HE, PAS, Masson-Trichrome, acid phosphatase and Perl's. The uteroferrin was immunolocalized. The results show that llama placenta is chorioallantoic, diffuse, folded and epitheliochorial, and the fetus is covered with an epidermal membrane. The trophoblast cells have variable morphology: cubic, rounded and triangular cells, with cytoplasm containing PAS-positive granules. Binucleated cells with large cytoplasm and rounded nuclei, as well as giant trophoblastic cells with multiple nuclei were also observed. Numerous blood vessels were observed beneath the cells of the uterine epithelium and around the chorionic subdivided branches. Glandular activity was shown by PAS, Perl's, and acid phosphatase positive reactions in the cytoplasm and glandular lumen, and by immunolocalization of the uteroferrin in the glandular epithelium. The uterine glands open in spaces formed by the areoles, which are filled by PAS-positive material. The llama fetus was covered by the epidermal membrane, composed of stratified epithelium, with up to seven layers of mono-, bi- or trinucleated cells. The high level of maternal and fetal vascularization surfaces indicates an intense exchange of substances across both surfaces. The metabolic activity shown in the uterine glands suggests an adaptation of the gestation to the high altitudes of the natural habitat of this species.Fragmentos da placenta de 9 animais (28-36 semanas de gestação, provenientes do Instituto Veterinario de Investigaciones Tropicales y de Altura (IVITA, Cusco-Peru, e da Universidad del Altiplano (UNA, Puno-Peru, foram colhidos e fixados em paraformoldeído 4% em PBS para microscopia de luz e em glutaraldeido em 2,5% PBS

  6. Prematuros e prematuros tardios: suas diferenças e o aleitamento materno

    OpenAIRE

    Silva,Waléria Ferreira da; Guedes,Zelita Caldeira Ferreira

    2015-01-01

    Resumo:OBJETIVO:verificar se há diferenças entre recém nascidos prematuros e prematuros tardios no que se refere ao tempo de aleitamento materno e aleitamento materno exclusivo causas e consequências do desmame precoce. Ademais, foi observado o uso de oxigenoterapia e sonda para alimentação, número de sessões de fonoterapia e o tempo de internação.MÉTODOS:pesquisa de campo, de caráter exploratório e longitudinal. Participaram do estudo 82 mães de prematuros. Os dados categóricos foram resumid...

  7. Implantacao da Rede Amamenta Brasil e prevalencia de aleitamento materno exclusivo

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    Adriana Passanha

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO : Analisar a associação entre grau de implantação da Rede Amamenta Brasil e prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo. MÉTODOS : Estudo transversal, com amostra representativa de 916 crianças < 6 meses em Ribeirão Preto, SP, em 2011. Foram coletados dados sobre aleitamento materno, local de acompanhamento ambulatorial e demais características, durante a Campanha Nacional de Vacinação. O fator de estudo correspondeu ao local de acompanhamento ambulatorial: Privado; Público não Rede; Público com Oficina da Rede; e Público certificado na Rede. O efeito individualizado do fator de estudo sobre o desfecho foi avaliado mediante análise de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. RESULTADOS : A comparação entre os locais privados (categoria de referência e os demais mostrou relação dose-resposta significativa com elevação progressiva da prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo em locais públicos não Rede, em locais públicos com Oficina da Rede e em locais públicos certificados na Rede (p = 0,047. A Razão de Prevalência para amamentação exclusiva foi igual a 1,47 (IC95% 1,00;2,17 para o estrato das Unidades Básicas de Saúde certificadas na Rede, após ajuste pelas variáveis de confusão. CONCLUSÕES : A prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo em < 6 meses foi maior nos locais certificados na Rede, evidenciando a relevância de investir na certificação de Unidades Básicas de Saúde nessa ação.

  8. Estilo de vida materno e aspectos nutricionais do pré-escolar

    OpenAIRE

    Érica Bezerra Nobre

    2016-01-01

    INTRODUÇÃO: Muitos dos comportamentos de saúde envolvidos no aparecimento das doenças crônicas não comunicáveis são originados na infância sob influência dos pais. A mãe é a pessoa mais envolvida na educação e nos cuidados de saúde da criança. O estilo de vida (EdV) é um determinante social da saúde. Nunca se compreendeu características de EdV materno associadas com aspectos da nutrição infantil. OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação dos EdV materno comportamental e não comportamental com aspectos...

  9. Fetal Ascites and Second Trimester Maternal Hepatitis C Virus Infection

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    Pei-Ying Ling

    2006-09-01

    Conclusion: Second trimester perinatal HCV infection with possible CMV coinfection associated with fetal ascites is a rare event. Fetal therapy resulting in a successful outcome has not been reported. Prompt fetal therapy with paracentesis in this case led to the delivery of a healthy term liveborn baby with anti-HCV seropositivity.

  10. [Zika virus infection during pregnancy].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Picone, O; Vauloup-Fellous, C; D'Ortenzio, E; Huissoud, C; Carles, G; Benachi, A; Faye, A; Luton, D; Paty, M-C; Ayoubi, J-M; Yazdanpanah, Y; Mandelbrot, L; Matheron, S

    2016-05-01

    A Zika virus epidemic is currently ongoing in the Americas. This virus is linked to congenital infections with potential severe neurodevelopmental dysfunction. However, incidence of fetal infection and whether this virus is responsible of other fetal complications are still unknown. National and international public health authorities recommend caution and several prevention measures. Declaration of Zika virus infection is now mandatory in France. Given the available knowledge on Zika virus, we suggest here a review of the current recommendations for management of pregnancy in case of suspicious or infection by Zika virus in a pregnant woman. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  11. Fatores de risco para morte fetal no município de Pato Branco (Brasil Factores de riesgo para muerte fetal en el municipio de Pato Branco (Brasil Risk factors for fetal death in the city of Pato Branco (Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Letícia de Lima Trindade

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Descrever os fatores de risco para mortalidade fetal na cidade de Pato Branco (Brasil. Metodologia. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, no qual foram analisados os casos de nascidos mortos de 2000 a 2008 na cidade de Pato Branco. A informação foi obtida do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade. Resultados. Registraram-se 91 mortes fetais no período estudado para uma taxa média de 9.27 por mil nascidos vivos. Os principais fatores de risco de origem maternos foram: placenta prévia (38.5%, hipertensão induzida na gravidez (13.2%, idade de 21 a 30 anos (40.7%, ter três e menos anos de escolaridade (25.7% e a ocupação de dona de casa (34.1%. Para os fetos, o único fator de risco registrado foi o sexo, no que o masculino contribuiu o 52.7% das mortes. Conclusão. Identificaram-se alguns fatores de risco previsíveis que é necessário intervir com o fim de reduzir a mortalidade fetal no município.Objetivo. Describir los factores de riesgo para natimortalidad en la ciudad de Pato Branco (Brasil. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, en el cual fueron analizados los casos de nacidos muertos de 2000 a 2008 en la ciudad de Pato Branco. La información fue obtenida del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad. Resultados. Se registraron 91 muertes fetales en el periodo estudiado para una tasa media de 9.27 por mil nacidos vivos. Los principales factores de riesgo de origen maternos fueron: placenta previa e hipertensión inducida en el embarazo como complicaciones del embarazo (38.5% y 13.2%, edad de 21 a 30 años (40.7%, baja escolaridad (25.7% y como ocupación de ama de casa (34.1%. Para los fetos, el único factor de riesgo registrado fue el sexo: el masculino aportó el 52.7% de las muertes. Conclusión. Se identificaron algunos factores de riesgo prevenibles que merecen intervención con el fin de reducir la natimortalidad en el municipio.Objective. To describe risk factors for fetal mortality in the city of Pato Branco

  12. Elementi e relazioni in un sistema di classificazione dei record

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    Maria Mata Caravaca

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available La costruzione di schemi di classificazione dei record è un tema poco sviluppato a cui la disciplina archivistica ha finora dedicato poca attenzione. Non si tratta di un argomento di facile comprensione, dal momento che gli schemi di classificazione dei record sono gli strumenti principali utilizzati tradizionalmente per l'organizzazione e la gestione dei record. Questo articolo esamina gli elementi presi in considerazione nella costruzione di uno schema di classificazione, così come le modalità attraverso le quali questi elementi sono correlati. Vengono inoltre esaminate le relazioni gerarchiche e non gerearchiche, ed identificate le possibili future direzioni della ricerca su questi temi.

  13. Conducta médica posnatal ante la dilatación del tracto urinario superior fetal

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    Sandalio Durán Álvarez

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available El seguimiento sistemático del embarazo normal mediante el estudio ultrasonográfico materno-fetal ha demostrado que por cada 500 embarazos debemos esperar una anomalía importante del tracto urinario. La anomalía detectada con mayor frecuencia es la dilatación del tracto urinario superior, que si bien la mayoría de las veces no se traduce en una alteración importante, obliga a su estudio posnatal para poder valorar su significación. Una dilatación del tracto urinario superior puede ser la traducción de una hidronefrosis obstructiva por estenosis ureteropiélica, una hidronefrosis no obstructiva, un reflujo vesicoureteral o una pielectasia, y menos frecuentemente, puede ser la imagen de un doble sistema excretor con el superior obstruido, un megauréter obstructivo o no obstructivo, o una valva de uretra posterior en el sexo masculino. En esta revisión se presentan los criterios diagnósticos y el tratamiento clínico de las hidronefrosis y pielectasias, así como el estudio de los casos en que se sospecha reflujo vesicoureteral, y se relatan las anomalías encontradas en 318 niños en que el ultrasonido materno-fetal detectó alguna alteración del tracto urinario. Aunque no tan frecuente como las pielectasias y las hidronefrosis no obstructivas, las estenosis pieloureterales que producen obstrucción, pueden traer serias consecuencias sobre la función renal, que obligan a tomar decisiones médicas, y, en ocasiones, quirúrgicas, para mejorar la calidad de vida de estos niños.

  14. Intensificazione del significato tramite l’uso dei prefissi e dei suffissi superlativi nel linguaggio giovanile e nello stile femminile

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    Małgorzata Berezowska

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available L’uso dei prefissi e dei suffissi superlativi, oltre alla loro funzione di base in quanto indicatori delle dimensioni dell’oggetto descritto o dell’intensità delle sue proprietà, può servire a esprimere l’atteggiamento del parlante nei confronti della realtà extralinguistica. Questi elementi morfologici svolgono non solo la loro funzione di base, ma possono essere utilizzati nella loro funzione secondaria: quella di trasmettere le emozioni dell’autore dell’enunciato. Il materiale linguistico analizzato nell’articolo, tratto dai forum di discussione, riflette le tendenze tipiche dello stile femminile e del linguaggio giovanile.

  15. Ambiente receptivo uterino: control materno, control embrionario, muerte embrionaria

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    Ángela Gonella D

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available El ambiente receptivo en el útero, o ambiente embriotrófico, se define como la capacidad del organismo materno para hospedar el conceptus exitosamente. La receptividad uterina depende de la correcta sincronía del eje conceptus - cuerpo lúteo - endometrio y está controlada por dos mecanismos. El primero depende de la madre y se establece a través de las relaciones entre los estrógenos (E2 y la Progesterona (P4. El segundo es mediado por el trofoblasto que secreta interferón Tau (INFt. Los estrógenos se sintetizan en las células foliculares y determinan los cambios fisicoquímicos, morfológicos y del comportamiento expresadas por la hembra durante el celo. La P4 es sintetizada por el cuerpo lúteo (CL, y promueve, entre otros, cambios a nivel endometrial para la manutención de la gestación. Cuando la fertilización y desarrollo embrionario son exitosos, el INFt ejerce su efecto luteotrópico entre los días 15 y 19 de la gestación, desencadenando el proceso de reconocimiento materno para evitar la regresión luteal y asegurar la sobrevivencia del embrión. Además, el INFt estimula al organismo materno para producir un microambiente que le provea al embrión condiciones nutricionales, inmunológicas y fisiológicas óptimas para su desarrollo. La presente revisión pretende contextualizar cuales son los cambios que sufre el endometrio para proveer las condiciones necesarias permitiendo que el embrión se desarrolle correctamente y se establezca una gestación.

  16. Accouchement par forceps: indications et pronostic materno-foetal ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    L'accouchement par voie basse, peut être parfois compromis par des facteurs maternels, foetaux ou materno-foetaux nécessitant des moyens thérapeutiques comme le forceps pour achever l'accouchement par voie naturelle. Le forceps, une méthode qui n'est pas sans risque pour la mère et le nouveau-né. Nous avons ...

  17. Superando o falicismo: sofrimento materno na psicanálise de crianças

    OpenAIRE

    Melo, Henriqueta Lúcia Arcoverde de; Andrade, Fernando Cezar Bezerra de; Lima, Hélida Magalhães da Costa

    2012-01-01

    Interpreta-se, no contexto da psicanálise de uma criança psicótica, o sofrimento materno e suas implicações nos destinos do tratamento. O sofrimento parental interfere negativamente quando compele à repetição fantasmática de traumatismos cujas mensagens, uma vez intrometidas, não são elaboradas pelos pais. Como demonstra o caso clínico, o falicismo materno e a foraclusão da função paterna não necessariamente estão presentes na geração da psicose. Longe de ser falo, originalmente ao paciente f...

  18. LA GESTIONE DEI CREDITI ANOMALI IN TEMPO DI CRISI

    OpenAIRE

    MANUELA GERANIO

    2013-01-01

    L'evoluzione del mercato del credito al dettaglio negli anni più recenti, caratterizzati da una riduzione dei volumi erogati e da un aumento delle anomalie, va evidenziando l'importanza di un approccio proattivo e sempre più business oriented anche nella fase di recupero dei crediti, volto a minimizzare i tempi ed i costi della collection nonché a conservare, dove possibile, la relazione con il cliente.

  19. Iniciativa Unidade Basica Amiga da Amamentacao e sua relacao com o aleitamento materno exclusivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Lucia Naves Alves

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO : Analisar a prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo e sua associação com a assistência pela Iniciativa Unidade Básica Amiga da Amamentação. MÉTODOS : Estudo transversal, com dados da pesquisa sobre práticas alimentares no primeiro ano de vida conduzida nas campanhas de vacinação em Barra Mansa, RJ, em 2003 e 2006. Foram selecionadas as crianças < 6 meses, no total 589 em 2003 e 707 em 2006. Tomou-se por base o inquérito de 2006 para estimar a relação entre ser assistido pela Iniciativa Unidade Básica Amiga da Amamentação e a prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo. Variáveis de exposição que se mostraram associadas (p ≤ 0,20 ao desfecho na análise bivariada foram selecionadas para a análise múltipla. As razões de prevalência ajustadas foram obtidas por modelo de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta, segundo modelo conceitual hierarquizado. O modelo final foi composto por variáveis de exposição que obtiveram p ≤ 0,05. RESULTADOS : A prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo aumentou de 30,2% em 2003 para 46,7% em 2006. Baixa escolaridade materna reduziu o aleitamento materno exclusivo em 20,0% (RP = 0,798; IC95% 0,684;0,931, o parto cesariano em 16,0% (RP = 0,838; IC95% 0,719;0,976, o uso de chupeta em 41,0% (RP = 0,589; IC95% 0,495;0,701 e a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo foi 1,0% menor a cada dia de vida da criança (RP = 0,992; IC95% 0,991;0,994 na análise múltipla. O acompanhamento do bebê por unidade credenciada na Iniciativa Unidade Básica Amiga da Amamentação aumentou o desfecho em 19,0% (RP = 1,193; IC95% 1,020;1,395. CONCLUSÕES : A Iniciativa Unidade Básica Amiga da Amamentação contribuiu para a prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo e para orientação de gestantes e mães quando implementada na rede primária de saúde.

  20. Características de la enterocolitis necrotizante en neonatos Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal 2010 - 2014

    OpenAIRE

    Anicama Elias, Erika Lucila

    2017-01-01

    Objetivo: Conocer las características de la enterocolitis necrotizante en neonatos del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal de Lima, 2010 – 2014 Método: Investigación descriptiva, observacional, transversal, retrospectiva, diseño no experimental. La población constituida por los 31 neonatos con diagnóstico de enterocolitis necrotizante hospitalizada en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal durante los años 2010-2014. Resultados: La variable prematuridad est...

  1. Preliminary attempt on maximum likelihood tomosynthesis reconstruction of DEI data

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Zhentian; Huang Zhifeng; Zhang Li; Kang Kejun; Chen Zhiqiang; Zhu Peiping

    2009-01-01

    Tomosynthesis is a three-dimension reconstruction method that can remove the effect of superimposition with limited angle projections. It is especially promising in mammography where radiation dose is concerned. In this paper, we propose a maximum likelihood tomosynthesis reconstruction algorithm (ML-TS) on the apparent absorption data of diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI). The motivation of this contribution is to develop a tomosynthesis algorithm in low-dose or noisy circumstances and make DEI get closer to clinic application. The theoretical statistical models of DEI data in physics are analyzed and the proposed algorithm is validated with the experimental data at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF). The results of ML-TS have better contrast compared with the well known 'shift-and-add' algorithm and FBP algorithm. (authors)

  2. Sulla ricerca del minimo dei consumi per vetture sportive

    OpenAIRE

    Dolcini, Enrico

    2008-01-01

    La ricerca oggetto di questa tesi, come si evince dal titolo stesso, è volta alla riduzione dei consumi per vetture a forte carattere sportivo ed elevate prestazioni specifiche. In particolare, tutte le attività descritte fanno riferimento ad un ben definito modello di vettura, ovvero la Maserati Quattroporte. Lo scenario all’interno del quale questo lavoro si inquadra, è quello di una forte spinta alla riduzione dei cosiddetti gas serra, ossia dell’anidride carbonica, in linea con quelle ...

  3. Zika Virus Infection in Pregnancy, Microcephaly, and Maternal and Fetal Health: What We Think, What We Know, and What We Think We Know.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alvarado, Maria Gabriela; Schwartz, David A

    2017-01-01

    -The global epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has emerged as an important public health problem affecting pregnant women and their infants. -To review the causal association between ZIKV infection during pregnancy and intrauterine fetal infection, microcephaly, brain damage, congenital malformation syndrome, and experimental laboratory models of fetal infection. Many questions remain regarding the risk factors, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and timing of maternal-fetal transmission and disease. These include mechanisms of fetal brain damage and microcephaly; the role of covariables, such as viral burden, duration of viremia, and host genetics, on vertical transmission; and the clinical and pathologic spectrum of congenital Zika syndrome. Additional questions include defining the potential long-term physical and neurobehavioral outcomes for infected infants, whether maternal or fetal host genetics influence the clinical outcome, and whether ZIKV infection can cause maternal morbidity. Finally, are experimental laboratory and animal models of ZIKV infection helpful in addressing maternal-fetal viral transmission and the development of congenital microcephaly? This communication provides current information and attempts to address some of these important questions. -Comprehensive review of published scientific literature. -Recent advances in epidemiology, clinical medicine, pathology, and experimental studies have provided a great amount of new information regarding vertical ZIKV transmission and the mechanisms of congenital microcephaly, brain damage, and congenital Zika syndrome in a relatively short time. However, much work still needs to be performed to more completely understand the maternal and fetal aspects of this new and emerging viral disease.

  4. Contribution of Leptospira, Neospora caninum and bovine viral diarrhea virus to fetal loss of beef cattle in New Zealand.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sanhueza, J M; Heuer, C; West, D

    2013-10-01

    The profitability of beef breeding farms in New Zealand depends principally on optimal reproductive performance. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of four major pathogens, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), Neospora caninum (N. caninum), Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo (Hardjo), and Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona (Pomona), on rates of fetal loss in commercial beef breeding herds. Farms reporting fetal loss were recruited, and a blood sample from aborting cows (cases) was collected. Controls were normally calving cows from the same farm. At least four controls were selected from each farm contributing cases. Samples were tested using ELISA for detection of antibodies against BVDV and N. caninum, and microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for detection of antibody against Hardjo and Pomona. A selection of titer cut-offs was conducted to evaluate the relationship between fetal loss and seropositivity to each pathogen using conditional logistic regression. The cut-off titer with the strongest association with fetal loss was included in the multivariate model. A significant increased risk of fetal loss was found for animals seropositive to N. caninum (odds ratio (OR)=3.36; 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=1.27-8.89), Hardjo (OR=1.84; 95% CI=1.01-3.33), and Pomona in non-vaccinated cows (OR=14.91, 95% CI=1.73-128.84) at the ELISA titer ≥ 30, and MAT titers of ≥ 1:384 and ≥ 1:768 for a positive sample, respectively. A marginally non-significant increased risk of fetal loss was found for animals exposed to BVDV (OR=2.01; 95% CI=0.99-4.11) at the ELISA titer of ≤ 1. Vaccination did not affect ORs for Hardjo or BVDV and no herd vaccinated against N. caninum. Approximately 14.0% of all fetal loss in the beef breeding cattle population in New Zealand may be attributable to BVDV (3.5%), N. caninum (3.0%), Hardjo (4.7%), and Pomona (3.6%). Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  5. I diritti sindacali nel titolo III dello Statuto dei lavoratori

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alessandro Riccobono

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Sommario: 1. I diritti sindacali: struttura del titolo III e differenze rispetto al titolo II dello Statuto dei la­voratori. – 2. I limiti all’esercizio dell’attività sindaca­le privilegiata. – 2.1. segue: la selezione dei soggetti protetti. – 2.2. segue: il criterio dimensionale e la no­zione di unità produttiva. – 2.3. segue: il contempera­mento con interessi pari o sovraordinati. – 3. Il diritto di assemblea tra istanze di democrazia diretta e afflati di democrazia rappresentativa. – 3.1. I soggetti legitti­mati alla convocazione. – 3.2. Il dibattito sulla titolari­tà, individuale o collegiale, del potere di convocazione. – 3.3. L’oggetto dell’assemblea. – 3.4. Il luogo di svol­gimento dell’assemblea. – 3.5. Assemblea in orario di lavoro. – 3.6. Imputazione del monte orario e diritto alla conservazione della retribuzione. – 3.7. Il ruolo della contrattazione collettiva. – 4. Il referendum: struttura e funzione. – 4.1. I contenuti e le modalità di svolgimento. – 5. Il trasferimento dei dirigenti sindaca­li: profili generali. – 5.1. Il rapporto con i divieti di di­scriminazione ex art. 15 st. lav. – 5.3. I soggetti benefi­ciari. – 5.4. L’ambito di applicazione oggettivo. – 5.5. L’applicazione dell’art. 22 nel pubblico impiego. Cen­ni. – 6. Il diritto di affissione. Profili generali. – 6.1. Ti­pologia ubicazione e distribuzione dei canali informa­tivi. – 6.2. Contenuti delle comunicazioni e limiti alla defissione unilaterale da parte del datore di lavoro. – 7. I locali delle Rsa. – 7.1. Le caratteristiche dei locali: idoneità, dotazioni, ubicazione. – 7.2. Sulla possibilità di ingresso da parte dei sindacalisti esterni. – 7.3. La disciplina apprestata per le articolazioni aziendali di minori dimensioni.

  6. L'applicazione dei Sistemi Informativi Geografici per la valutazione dei bisogni di salute della popolazione pediatrica immigrata residente a Roma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. G. De Belvis

    2003-05-01

    Full Text Available

    Obiettivi: lo studio applica i GIS per l’analisi dei bisogni di salute della popolazione immigrata in età pediatrica regolarmente residente a Roma e per la costruzione di bacini di utenza a livello di Municipio, ASL e Comune rispetto alle corrispondenti strutture di offerta.

    Materiali e Metodi: i dati sono stati acquisiti dall’Ufficio Statistica del Comune di Roma (popolazione in età 0-18 anni residente al 31/12/2002 per Municipio, Distretto e ASL. I dati relativi all’offerta dei servizi per l’infanzia delle ASL sono stati reperiti dalle ASL, dal Comune e dalla Caritas di Roma. I dati sono stati successivamente inseriti, verificati ed analizzati attraverso i programmi Excel e Stata7. L’utilizzo delle applicazioni GIS è stato realizzato attraverso il software Arc-View.

    Risultati: dei 169.064 immigrati presenti al 31/12/2002, quelli in età pediatrica (29.629 sono variabilmente distribuiti rispetto al totale degli immigrati e alla popolazione pediatrica residente.
    Ad esempio, la proporzione immigrati minori/immigrati varia da un minimo del 7,3% in Municipio I, ad un massimo del 20,1% nei Municipi VII e VII (Media: 13.26, I.C.95%: 11.46-15.05.
    L’analisi ha permesso di caratterizzare i bisogni socio-sanitari per Municipio, distretto e ASL. Una valutazione quantitativa della relazione bisogno/offerta è stata realizzata georeferenziando la popolazione immigrata in età pediatrica con le corrispondenti strutture di offerta censite.

    Conclusioni: l’utilizzo dei GIS in epidemiologia e sanità pubblica si presenta sempre più prezioso, per la capacità di sintetizzare, rappresentare efficacemente i fenomeni, suggerire ipotesi di correlazioni tra i fenomeni e indirizzare le decisioni in sanità.
    L’applicazione dei GIS sulla popolazione immigrata in età pediatrica – regolarmente residente a Roma - si è prestata in maniera efficace

  7. Fatores associados com a duração do aleitamento materno Factors associated with duration of breastfeeding

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto G. Chaves

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Determinar os índices de aleitamento materno exclusivo e complementado e identificar variáveis que interferem na prática da amamentação no município de Itaúna (MG. MÉTODOS: Estudo longitudinal realizado com 246 mulheres assistidas na maternidade do Hospital Manoel Gonçalves, no município de Itaúna (MG. O acompanhamento das mães e recém-nascidos foi realizado mensalmente nos primeiros 12 meses após o parto ou até a interrupção da amamentação. A análise da duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo e complementado foi realizada utilizando procedimentos de análise de sobrevivência. O efeito das co-variáveis sobre o tempo de aleitamento foi avaliado através do modelo de regressão de Cox. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo no sexto mês foi de 5,3%, e de aleitamento materno aos 12 meses, 33,7%. A mediana de aleitamento materno exclusivo foi de 40 dias, e a mediana de aleitamento materno, 237 dias. A análise multivariada mostrou associação negativa (p 9 consultas, uso de álcool ou tabaco, tempo da primeira mamada (> 6 horas e uso de chupeta. CONCLUSÕES: Os índices de aleitamento materno no município de Itaúna (MG estão muito abaixo daqueles preconizados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. As principais variáveis relacionadas negativamente ao tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo e complementado estão associadas à assistência materno-infantil, sendo, portanto, passíveis de intervenção.OBJECTIVES: To determine rates of exclusive breastfeeding and of complementary feeding and to identify variables that interfere with breastfeeding in the municipality of Itaúna, MG, Brazil. METHODS: A longitudinal study was undertaken enrolling 246 women who gave birth at the maternity unit of the Manoel Gonçalves Hospital, in Itaúna, MG. The mothers and their infants were seen monthly for the first 12 months after birth or until they stopped breastfeeding. Survival analysis procedures were

  8. Introduzione alla Teoria della elasticità Meccanica dei solidi continui in regime lineare elastico

    CERN Document Server

    Colombo, Luciano

    2007-01-01

    La meccanica dei solidi rappresenta un corpus di conoscenze di formidabile robustezza concettuale, di raffinata eleganza matematico-formale e di grandissima utilita’ applicativa. Come tale ha una valenza formativa molto forte in diversi campi delle scienze naturali (fisica della materia, scienza dei materiali), ingegneristiche (scienza delle costruzioni, ingegneria strutturale e meccanica) e matematiche (matematica applicata). La teoria della elasticita’costituisce inoltre uno dei punti-cardine su cui si articola il moderno paradigma di ricerca detto "modellazione multi-scala dei materiali", secondo il quale le proprieta’ di un materiale sono descritte tramite la concorrenza di metodi teorici affatto diversi: mentre alla nanoscala opera la meccanica quantistica, alla micro- e meso-scala opera il continuo. La conoscenza del continuo elastico abilita lo Studente di Fisica, di Scienza dei Materiali, di Matematica o l’Allievo Ingegnere a confrontarsi con questo moderno e affascinate strumento di ricerca s...

  9. Incidência do near miss materno no parto e pós-parto hospitalar: dados da pesquisa Nascer no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Augusto Bastos Dias

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo avaliou os dados sobre a incidência do near miss materno, identificados segundo os critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde, na pesquisa Nascer no Brasil. O estudo foi realizado entre fevereiro/2011 e outubro/2012 e os resultados apresentados são estimativas para a população estudada (2.337.476 partos, baseados na amostra de 23.894 puérperas entrevistadas. Os resultados mostraram uma incidência de near miss materno de 10,21 por mil nascidos vivos e uma razão de mortalidade do near miss materno de 30,8 casos para cada morte materna. Os critérios clínicos para identificação do near miss materno foram os mais prevalentes e tiveram incidência de 5,2 por mil nascidos vivos. O near miss materno esteve associado com a idade materna de 35 anos ou mais (RR = 1,6; IC95%: 1,1-2,5, com história de cesariana anterior (RR = 1,9; IC95%: 1,1-3,4 e gestação de risco (RR = 4,5; IC95%: 2,8-7,0. Os hospitais localizados nas capitais (RR = 2,2; IC95%: 1,3-3,8 e os pertencentes ao SUS (RR = 3,2; IC95%: 1,6-6,6 também apresentaram maior incidência de casos de near miss materno. A qualificação dos serviços de assistência ao parto pode ajudar a reduzir a mortalidade materna no Brasil.

  10. On generalized Rédei functions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. Matthews

    1988-01-01

    Full Text Available A generalization of Rédei functions to polynomial vectors in n indeterminates over finite fields or residue class rings of integers is given by considering special types of polynomial vectors. Properties such as polynomial composition, change of basis, group structure and fixed points are studied together with applications in cryptography.

  11. The imago Dei Weltanschauung as narrative motif within the Corinthian correspondence

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jacobus (Kobus Kok

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available This article reflects on the doctrine of humanity to explore that God created humankind in his image and likeness, and this means that all human beings have an inherent capacity to know the difference between good and bad, and between right and wrong. Thus, all human beings have an innate ability to be ethical, as the God who created them is good, and so becomes the source of their ethics. This article title highlights the interrelationships between identity, ethics, and ethos. These three related analytical categories, within the New Testament, show the necessity for an interdisciplinary approach in treating questions of the origin of humanity. This article incorporates reflections in the studies of anthropology, philosophy, and theology and draws from the writings of Apostle Paul, in his Corinthian Correspondence, as he instructed them on how they ought to relate, and what would be their roles within the broader scope of God�s original intention for humanity. In this attempt, he made reference to the anthropological identity of the imago Dei, and he shows that the perfect expression of the imago Dei is Christ Jesus; thus, this is the image they ought to emulate. Therefore, this article investigates �The imago Dei weltanschauung as narrative motif within the Corinthian correspondence�.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This research gives the perspective of the presupposition of the imago Dei as presented in the New Testament as the framework of understanding ethics, as it appears within the formation of an anthropological horizon. In relation to accepting the message of the New Testament, this article shows how the imago Dei worldview underpins Pauline ethics and can serve as a framework of understanding an anthropological ethical paradigm.Keywords: Imago Dei; Corinthian; Paul

  12. Proteção fetal frente a desafio com o vírus da Diarréia Viral Bovina (BVDV em ovelhas imunizadas com duas amostras de vírus modificadas experimentalmente Fetal protection against challenge with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV in pregnant ewes immunized with two strains experimentally attenuated

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mário C.S. Brum

    2002-04-01

    virus (BVDV submitted to multiple passages in tissue culture associated with ultraviolet irradiation were evaluated as vaccine virus candidates. The attenuation of the modified viruses was assessed in calves and in pregnant ewes. Intramuscular inoculation of the viruses in four seronegative calves produced only a mild and transient rise in body temperature, followed by the production of high titers of neutralizing antibodies. The viruses were not detected in nasal secretions or in the blood following inoculation. However, intramuscular inoculation of these viruses in four pregnant ewes resulted in transplacental transmission and infection of all fetuses. To assess fetal protection conferred by immunization, pregnant ewes immunized twice with the modified viruses were subsequently challenged by intranasal inoculation of BVDV-1 (SV-126.8, n=6 or BVDV-2 (SV-260, n=5. At the day of challenge (134 days after the second immunization, all ewes had high titers of neutralizing antibodies (256 to >4096 to the vaccine viruses and variable titers (8 to >4096 to Brazilian BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 field isolates. Fifteen days after challenge, the ewes were euthanized and fetal tissues were examined for infectivity. All fetuses from non-vaccinated, challenged ewes (n=4 were infected. In contrast, none of the fetuses from the immunized dams (n=11 were positive for virus, indicating that the immunological response induced by immunization with the vaccine candidate viruses was capable of preventing fetal infection. These results indicate that it is possible to achieve fetal protection to BVDV by induction of a strong immunological response using modified live vaccines.

  13. Studiare i prezzi dei libri nell'Europa della prima età moderna: questioni e fonti

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angela Nuovo

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Il contributo presenta in modo sintetico il quadro concettuale all'interno del quale uno studio dei prezzi dei libri nella prima età moderna dovrebbe muoversi, così come i problemi metodologici da affrontare. Nonostante la natura di manufatto semi-industriale ponga il libro a stampa in una classe merceologica del tutto particolare nell'economia pre-industriale, è possibile utilizzare le categorie generali di domanda e offerta per identificare alcuni fattori atti ad impostare specifici percorsi di ricerca basati sull'analisi storico-economica. La storia del libro può essere quindi messa in relazione con alcuni temi classici della storia economica, allo scopo di inserire il problema del commercio librario e dei prezzi dei libri in un dibattito storiografico più ampio. Tra le fonti disponibili per lo studio dei prezzi dei libri nella prima età moderna, l'inventario di bottega di Bernardo Giunti (Department of Special Collections, UCLA, Collection 170/622 è una chiara testimonianza del fiorente mercato librario allora esistente a Venezia. Le quasi 12.000 registrazioni incluse nella lista dei libri in vendita riflettono gli scopi e gli obiettivi dell’azienda. La struttura di questo documento è decisamente complessa, frutto di più di venti anni di uso continuo (1600-1620 c.. Lungo questo periodo di tempo, il documento sembra essere evoluto da un semplice elenco o catalogo ad uso del personale interno a un importante strumento per la gestione della bottega e del suo magazzino. Quasi ogni titolo presenta un prezzo, e ciò rende questo inventario una delle fonti più ampie e significative per lo studio dei prezzi dei libri nella prima età moderna.This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement n° 694476.

  14. Placental Inflammation and Fetal Injury in a Rare Zika Case Associated With Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Abortion

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kíssila Rabelo

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Zika virus (ZIKV is an emerging virus involved in recent outbreaks in Brazil. The association between the virus and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS or congenital disorders has raised a worldwide concern. In this work, we investigated a rare Zika case, which was associated with GBS and spontaneous retained abortion. Using specific anti-ZIKV staining, the virus was identified in placenta (mainly in Hofbauer cells and in several fetal tissues, such as brain, lungs, kidneys, skin and liver. Histological analyses of the placenta and fetal organs revealed different types of tissue abnormalities, which included inflammation, hemorrhage, edema and necrosis in placenta, as well as tissue disorganization in the fetus. Increased cellularity (Hofbauer cells and TCD8+ lymphocytes, expression of local pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α, and other markers, such as RANTES/CCL5 and VEGFR2, supported placental inflammation and dysfunction. The commitment of the maternal-fetal link in association with fetal damage gave rise to a discussion regarding the influence of the maternal immunity toward the fetal development. Findings presented in this work may help understanding the ZIKV immunopathogenesis under the rare contexts of spontaneous abortions in association with GBS.

  15. Superando o falicismo: sofrimento materno na psicanálise de crianças Superando el falicismo: sufrimiento materno en el psicoanálisis de niños Beyond phallicism: maternal suffering in child psychoanalysis

    OpenAIRE

    Henriqueta Lúcia Arcoverde de Melo; Fernando Cezar Bezerra de Andrade; Hélida Magalhães da Costa Lima

    2012-01-01

    Interpreta-se, no contexto da psicanálise de uma criança psicótica, o sofrimento materno e suas implicações nos destinos do tratamento. O sofrimento parental interfere negativamente quando compele à repetição fantasmática de traumatismos cujas mensagens, uma vez intrometidas, não são elaboradas pelos pais. Como demonstra o caso clínico, o falicismo materno e a foraclusão da função paterna não necessariamente estão presentes na geração da psicose. Longe de ser falo, originalmente ao paciente f...

  16. Mario Soldati voyageur dans La messa dei villeggianti

    OpenAIRE

    Alexandre, Denise

    2015-01-01

    Sont examinés les textes appartenant au recueil La messa dei villeggianti, que Mario Soldati a publié à l’âge de cinquante-deux ans. Occasion tour à tour de références artistiques, de pèlerinages littéraires, de souvenirs de gastronome et même de réminiscences de séducteur déçu, ces récits de voyage laissent percer les états d’âme d’un écrivain s’estimant vieillissant qui s’interroge sur le sens de sa vie. Sono presi in esame i testi appartenenti alla raccolta La messa dei villeggianti, pu...

  17. Valutazione dell'appropriatezza dei ricoveri in un Policlinico Universitario: analisi mediante l'uso comparativo dei sistemi di classificazione isogravitá APR-DRG e Disease Staging e del PRUO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Volpe

    2003-05-01

    Full Text Available

    Obiettivi: valutare l’appropriatezza organizzativa dei ricoveri effettuati in un Policlinico Universitario attraverso la comparazione di due metodi, dei quali uno basato sui dati della scheda di dimissione ospedaliera ed utilizza, rispettivamente, i sistemi di classificazione iso-gravità APR-DRG e Disease Staging e l’altro sulla revisione delle cartelle cliniche mediante il PRUO.

    Metodi: oggetto di analisi sono i ricoveri ordinari effettuati nell’anno 2001 ed afferenti ai DRG inclusi nella delibera della Giunta Regionale del Lazio 864/2002 che recepisce il D.P.C.M. 29/11/2001 sui livelli essenziali di assistenza.

    Risultati: i risultati evidenziano che le due varianti del
    metodo basato sulla SDO (metodo APPRO mostrano quote di ricoveri inappropriati sovrapponibili rispetto al complesso dei ricoveri oggetto di analisi, ma con differenze anche rilevanti tra APR-DRG e Disease Staging in relazione ai singoli DRG considerati, riconducibili ai diversi algoritmi di attribuzione del livello di severità utilizzati dai due sistemi. L’analisi campionaria effettuata con il metodo PRUO su casi afferenti ai DRG della DGR 864/2002 caratterizzati da livelli di severità minimi evidenzia una proporzione di ricoveri inappropriati superiore a quella determinata tramite i metodi basati sulla SDO. Tale differenza è verosimilmente dovuta al ruolo del valore delle soglie percentuali di accettabilità individuate dalla Regione Lazio per ciascun DRG: le quote di ricoveri che eccedono tali soglie sono considerate inappropriate.

    Conclusioni: sulla base dei risultati ottenuti gli autori
    descrivono gli interventi organizzativi adottati per ottimizzare il contesto di erogazione delle prestazioni
    oggetto di analisi, discutono vantaggi e limiti dei metodi SDO-based e del metodo analitico PRUObased e ne propongono l

  18. Factores maternos y bajo peso al nacer, Bahía Honda Maternal factors and low-weight at birth, Bahia Honda

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xiomara Elsa Martínez Argudín

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: el bajo peso al nacer ha constituido un enigma para la ciencia a través de los tiempos. Objetivo: realizar una evaluación de algunos de los factores de riesgo maternos asociados al bajo peso al nacer en el municipio Bahía Honda durante el período de enero 2006-junio 2009.Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Este permitió hacer una caracterización de las gestantes, cuyo producto fueron los niños con bajo peso al nacer. Se aplicó una encuesta tipo planilla de recolección de datos, la cual fue aplicada a las historias clínicas obstétricas, pertenecientes a los Policlínicos Docentes "Manuel González Díaz" y "Pablo de la Torriente Brau"; los datos fueron procesados mediante la estadística descriptiva: medida de resumen para variables cuantitativas y cualitativas, y el estadígrafo de Ji cuadrado para la correlación entre variables. Resultados: el mayor porciento de niños con bajo peso al nacer correspondió a las madres comprendidas entre los 20-24 años y 30-34 años de edad y entre las 34.0-36.6 semanas y 37.0 semanas y más de gestación. La mayoría comenzaron la gestación con un peso adecuado, sin embargo, predominó la ganancia de insuficiente durante ésta. La hipertensión arterial predominó entre los antecedentes patológicos de las gestantes. Conclusiones: se ha demostrado que los factores de riesgo maternos tienen una importante asociación con el bajo peso al nacer, es por ello, la necesidad de identificarlos en el momento oportuno y modificarlos, con el objetivo de proporcionar bienestar materno y fetal.Introduction: low-weight at birth constitutes an enigma to the current science. Objective: to carry out an assessment of some maternal risk factors associated with low-weight at birth in Bahia Honda municipality from January 2006 to June 2009. Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted which allowed characterizing women who

  19. Late arrival in hospital during labour: any correlation with materno ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Background: Late arrival in labour is a common occurrence in my centre, It has been said to be associated with poor maternal and foetal outcome because of the lack of intrapartum materno-foetal monitoring. It gave me a great concern why booked patients should deliver in vehicles in 21st century. Objectives: Is to ...

  20. Atención neonatal y materno con enfoque de riesgo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ruiz de Cárdenas Carmen Helena

    1991-12-01

    Full Text Available

    En los últimos años el enfoque de la atención en salud ha estado orientado hacia la atención primaria ejercida dentro de una comunidad determinada y vinculada a los organismos de nivel primario. Este enfoque que de por sí es una estrategia muy importante para el progreso de las comunidades, no ha permitido el desarrollo de acciones desde los niveles de atención secundaria y terciaria hacia la comunidad y los organismos de primer nivel. En el presente trabajo se pretende desarrollar un programa docente asistencial coordinado por una enfermera, con la participación de las facultades de Enfermería y Medicina de la Universidad Nacional y el Instituto Materno Infantil e implementar algunas estrategias de atención primaria con la participación de otros profesionales y la coordinación inter- institucional, en un organismo de tercer nivel como es el Instituto Materno Infantil y proyectarlos hacia la comunidad y los centros de salud correspondientes al área de influencia de la institución.

  1. Fenologia dei Chirotteri nella grotta di Onferno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Massimo Bertozzi

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available Con le sue 11 specie e le oltre 6000 presenze di Chirotteri la Riserva naturale orientata di Onferno è certamente un punto di notevole interesse nel patrimonio naturale italiano. A seguito dei piani di indagine e di sorveglianza posti in essere fin dalla sua creazione nel 1992 da parte della gestione della Riserva e soprattutto grazie al progetto LIFE in corso, si riassumono qui i principali tratti fenologci delle diverse specie nella cavità. Il sistema ipogeo è altamente differenziato topografica e in termini di microclima, come rilevato dal sistema di monitoraggio presente. Da Dicembre inizia il periodo più tipicamente invernale con rapido abbandono della cavità principale da parte dei miniotteri. Vi rimangono poche decine di esemplari e altrettanti rinolofidi delle diverse specie. Tale situazione si prolunga con alcune piccole variazioni fino a Marzo. Al cambio di stagione i miniotteri si muovono dai rifugi posti soprattutto in un tunnel a S. Marino (circa 11 km in linea d?aria a temperatura tra i 3 e 5 °C per tornare nel tratto principale a circa 7°C. I rinolofidi mantengono le posizioni e i numeri precedenti. Con Aprile il gruppo dei miniotteri, oramai completo o quasi, si sposta nella Sala Guano o rimane in vari ambiti del percorso principale. I rinolofidi appaiono in movimento ma il loro numero diminuisce almeno dalle zone di controllo. A Maggio compaiono anche i grandi vespertili già aggregati al grande gruppo dei miniotteri che spesso si presenta in contingenti suddivisi in vari ambiti della grotta. Non si ritrovano più rinolofi maggiori, mentre euryale e minore raggiungono le sale più calde e secche. Con Giugno i contingenti si concentrano nella grande sala ?Quarina? per formare nella seconda metà la colonia riproduttiva. Dal 15 circa iniziano i parti in tutte le specie. Nel Miniottero si registrano scarti di almeno una settimana tra l?avvio della riproduzione e le ultime nascite. Tutto Luglio è speso nella crescita dei

  2. High-Content Screening in hPSC-Neural Progenitors Identifies Drug Candidates that Inhibit Zika Virus Infection in Fetal-like Organoids and Adult Brain.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Ting; Tan, Lei; Cederquist, Gustav Y; Fan, Yujie; Hartley, Brigham J; Mukherjee, Suranjit; Tomishima, Mark; Brennand, Kristen J; Zhang, Qisheng; Schwartz, Robert E; Evans, Todd; Studer, Lorenz; Chen, Shuibing

    2017-08-03

    Zika virus (ZIKV) infects fetal and adult human brain and is associated with serious neurological complications. To date, no therapeutic treatment is available to treat ZIKV-infected patients. We performed a high-content chemical screen using human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) and found that hippeastrine hydrobromide (HH) and amodiaquine dihydrochloride dihydrate (AQ) can inhibit ZIKV infection in hNPCs. Further validation showed that HH also rescues ZIKV-induced growth and differentiation defects in hNPCs and human fetal-like forebrain organoids. Finally, HH and AQ inhibit ZIKV infection in adult mouse brain in vivo. Strikingly, HH suppresses viral propagation when administered to adult mice with active ZIKV infection, highlighting its therapeutic potential. Our approach highlights the power of stem cell-based screens and validation in human forebrain organoids and mouse models in identifying drug candidates for treating ZIKV infection and related neurological complications in fetal and adult patients. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. Fondamenti di fisica dei plasmi

    CERN Document Server

    Golant, V E; Sacharov, I E

    1983-01-01

    Introduzione ; collisioni del plasma ; equazioni cinetiche per particelle cariche ; plasmi in equilibrio termodinamico ; funzione di distribuzione di particelle cariche in un campo elettrico ; equazioni dei momenti della funzione di distribuzione ; processi di trasporto nel plasma in assenza di campi magnetici ; moto di particelle cariche nel plasma in presenza di campi magnetici ; processi di trasporto in campo magnetico ; confinamento del plasma mediante campi magnetici.

  4. Il ‘volontariato’ dei richiedenti asilo in Italia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martina Pasqualetto

    Full Text Available Riassunto L'articolo analizza la politica pubblica italiana che prevede il coinvolgimento dei richiedenti asilo in attività di 'volontariato' a favore delle amministrazioni locali per calmare il malcontento popolare causato dalla loro presunta inattività. In primo luogo l'autrice mette in discussione l'efficacia di tale policy e ne destruttura il discorso governativo mettendone in luce le mistificazioni. Mediante una ricerca esplorativa ispirata alla grounded theory si dimostra inoltre che la reale natura delle attività promosse risiede nel lavoro gratuito e che esse veicolano un messaggio di simbolica e percepita utilità dei profughi che impatta negativamente sull'immaginario collettivo rispetto al tema del diritto d'asilo.

  5. [Application research of DEI technique based on synchrotron X-ray source in imaging rabbit eyeball in vitro].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yin, Hong-xia; Huang, Zhi-feng; Wang, Zhen-chang; Liu, Zhao-hui; Li, Yong; Zhu, Pei-ping

    2010-03-23

    To study the application of DEI technique in imaging the small structures of rabbit eyeball. DEI technique was used to image the eyeball of New Zealand white rabbit in vitro. The experiments were performed using beamline 4W1A at the topography station of Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF). DEI image showed clearly the fine structures of the rabbit eyeball, such as the transparent cornea, the sclera, the ciliaris, and the ciliary body. DEI is a new X-ray imaging modality which achieves high contrast and spatial resolution. It also showed obvious effect of edge enhancement. DEI has good potential in observing the micro-structures of eyeballs and other small organs.

  6. Óbito fetal no descolamento prematuro da placenta: comparação entre dois períodos Fetal death in placental abruption: comparison of two different time periods

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fábio Roberto Cabar

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Comparar a incidência de descolamento prematuro da placenta (DPP, de óbito fetal e o perfil dos fatores maternos associados ao óbito fetal em casos acometidos por DPP em dois períodos, num mesmo serviço médico terciário. MÉTODOS: Avaliação retrospectiva dos casos de DPP ocorridos entre 1º de janeiro de 1994 a 31 de dezembro de 1997 (período 94-97 e 1º de abril de 2001 a 31 de março de 2005 (período 01-05, em gestações únicas com peso do recém-nascido superior a 500g e idade gestacional acima da 20ª semana. Foram analisados os fatores: idade materna, cor, antecedentes obstétricos, ocorrência de hipertensão arterial ou ruptura prematura de membranas ovulares, presença de sangramento genital, hemoâmnio, características do tônus uterino, ocorrência de CIVD, insuficiência renal, anemia puerperal, bem como a idade gestacional e peso do RN no parto. RESULTADOS: No período 94-97, foram realizados 7.692 partos e o DPP ocorreu em 0,78% (60 casos, e no período 01-05 foram 8.644 partos com 0,59% (51 casos de DPP, sem diferença significativa. No período 94-97, a proporção de casos sem sangramento genital foi significativamente maior no grupo que evoluiu com óbito fetal quando comparado aos casos cujo feto nasceu vivo (57,9% vs 22,0%; p=0,01. No período 01-05, a proporção de casos com hipertonia uterina foi significativamente maior no grupo que evoluiu com óbito fetal quando comparado aos casos com recém-nascido nativivo (66,7% vs 29,3%; p=0,04. As complicações maternas no pós-parto foram mais freqüentes nos casos de óbito fetal, em ambos os períodos 94-97 e 01-05 (31,6% vs 4,9%, p=0,009, e, 50,0% vs 5,1%, p=0,001, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: O DPP permanece grave problema obstétrico com conseqüências potencialmente fatais, principalmente nos casos com maior área de descolamento da placenta. Maior gravidade do quadro clínico materno é observada nos casos de óbito fetal.OBJECTIVE: To compare the

  7. Social media e sentiment analysis l’evoluzione dei fenomeni sociali attraverso la rete

    CERN Document Server

    Ceron, Andrea; Iacus, Stefano M

    2014-01-01

    Due miliardi e mezzo di utenti internet, oltre un miliardo di account Facebook, 550 milioni di profili Twitter. Che parlano, discutono, si confrontano sui temi più svariati. Un flusso in continuo divenire di informazioni che dà sostanza ogni giorno al mondo dei Big Data. Ma come si analizza concretamente il “sentiment” della Rete? Quali sono i pregi e i limiti dei diversi metodi esistenti? E a quali domande possiamo dare una risposta? Dopo aver presentato le varie tecniche di analisi testuale applicate ai social media, questo libro discute di come l’informazione presente in Rete sia in grado di aiutarci a meglio comprendere il presente e a fare previsioni sul futuro riguardo a una molteplicità di fenomeni sociali, che spaziano dall’andamento dei mercati finanziari, alla diffusione di malattie, alle rivolte e ai sommovimenti popolari fino ai risultati dei talent show, prima di concentrarsi su due casi specifici: l’andamento della felicità degli italiani giorno per giorno, e i risultati delle camp...

  8. Dinamica classica dei sistemi fisici

    CERN Document Server

    Turchetti, Giorgio

    1998-01-01

    Principi generali ; problemi unidimensionali ; campo centrale ; sistemi di punti ; punto vincolato ; sistemi di punti vincolati ; simmetrie ; rotazioni e moto relativo ; corpo rigido ; sistemi lineari ; stabilità ; teoria qualitativa ; piccole oscillazioni ; principi variazionali ; trasformazioni canoniche ; serie di Lie ; proprietà dell'azione ; sistemi integrabili ; teoria perturbativa ; sistemi quasi integrabili ; sistemi caotici ; integrazione numerica ; modelli hamiltoniani ; equazioni stocastiche ; meccanica statistica ; corda elastica ; equazione delle onde ; meccanica dei continui.

  9. ALEITAMENTO MATERNO E AS CRENÇAS ALIMENTARES

    OpenAIRE

    Ichisato,Sueli Mutsumi Tsukuda; Shimo,Antonieta Keiko Kakuda

    2001-01-01

    A hipogalactia tem levado ao desmame precoce. As crenças e os tabus influenciam a alimentação materna durante a lactação. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar lactogogos regionais utilizados como suporte do aleitamento materno (AM), pautados nos tabus e crenças. Trata-se de um estudo de caso utilizando a análise de prosa(12). Alimentar-se ou não de certos alimentos, ter vivenciado a amamentação, as crenças transmitidas por familiares e médicos, crescimento e desenvolvimento da cria...

  10. Fisica degli atomi e dei nuclei

    CERN Document Server

    Bernardini, Carlo

    1965-01-01

    Evidenza della struttura atomica della materia ; le proprietà degli atomi e la meccanica atomica ; gli atomi e le radiazioni elettromagnetiche ; struttura microscopica dello stato gassoso ; struttura microscopica dello stato liquido ; struttura microscopica della stato solido ; proprietà elettriche e magnetiche delle sostanze ; proprietà dei nuclei degli atomi ; le particelle elementari.

  11. Estilo de crianza materno y el desarrollo emocional en una cuna- jardín Callao-2014

    OpenAIRE

    Vera Condori, Gabi Milagritos

    2015-01-01

    La presente investigación educativa titulada “Estilo de crianza materno y el desarrollo emocional en una cuna-jardín Callao-2014”, siendo el objetivo determinar la asociación que existe entre el estilo de crianza materno y el desarrollo emocional de los niños de 2 años de la Institución Educativa Inicial “Stella Maris”. La metodología de la investigación es de tipo Básica o fundamental ya que sólo busca ampliar y profundizar los conocimientos científicos existentes acerca ...

  12. ANOMALIE RESUDUE E DERIVATE SECONDE NELLA INTERPRETAZIONE DEI DATI GRAMIMETRICI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G. TRIBALTO

    1956-06-01

    Full Text Available L'eliminazione dell'effetto del campo gravimetrico regionale dall'anomalia
    di Bouguer è uno dei problemi più discussi nell'interpretazione
    dei rilevamenti geofisici.
    Esso consiste nel decomporre l'anomalia di Bouguer nelle sue due
    parti componenti, anomalia residua ed anomalia regionale, allo scopo
    di individuare le strutture locali.
    L'anomalia regionale è dovuta all'effetto delle strutture profonde
    e di grande estensione; le curve isoanomale relative a tale campo hanno
    generalmente un andamento regolare e quindi un gradiente non
    variabile rapidamente.

  13. Il mondo dei quanti la fisica quantistica per tutti

    CERN Document Server

    Ford, Kenneth W

    2006-01-01

    L'autore spiega come le leggi che governano l'enormemente piccolo e l'enormemente rapido sfidino il senso comune e mettano alla prova l'intelletto al limite delle sue possibilità. Ford introduce alle grandi idee di una teoria - la fisica quantistica - che continua a rimanere misteriosa nonostante i numerosi successi: la granularità (la materia e alcune sue proprietà, come l'energia, sono "grumose"), il dualismo onda-particella, il principio di indeterminazione, la natura dei bosoni e dei fermioni, il principio di sovrapposizione e la non separabilità (il fatto che un atomo possa trovarsi simultaneamente in due o più stati di moto diversi).

  14. Differential Responses of Human Fetal Brain Neural Stem Cells to Zika Virus Infection

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Erica L. McGrath

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Zika virus (ZIKV infection causes microcephaly in a subset of infants born to infected pregnant mothers. It is unknown whether human individual differences contribute to differential susceptibility of ZIKV-related neuropathology. Here, we use an Asian-lineage ZIKV strain, isolated from the 2015 Mexican outbreak (Mex1-7, to infect primary human neural stem cells (hNSCs originally derived from three individual fetal brains. All three strains of hNSCs exhibited similar rates of Mex1-7 infection and reduced proliferation. However, Mex1-7 decreased neuronal differentiation in only two of the three stem cell strains. Correspondingly, ZIKA-mediated transcriptome alterations were similar in these two strains but significantly different from that of the third strain with no ZIKV-induced neuronal reduction. This study thus confirms that an Asian-lineage ZIKV strain infects primary hNSCs and demonstrates a cell-strain-dependent response of hNSCs to ZIKV infection.

  15. Differential Responses of Human Fetal Brain Neural Stem Cells to Zika Virus Infection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McGrath, Erica L; Rossi, Shannan L; Gao, Junling; Widen, Steven G; Grant, Auston C; Dunn, Tiffany J; Azar, Sasha R; Roundy, Christopher M; Xiong, Ying; Prusak, Deborah J; Loucas, Bradford D; Wood, Thomas G; Yu, Yongjia; Fernández-Salas, Ildefonso; Weaver, Scott C; Vasilakis, Nikos; Wu, Ping

    2017-03-14

    Zika virus (ZIKV) infection causes microcephaly in a subset of infants born to infected pregnant mothers. It is unknown whether human individual differences contribute to differential susceptibility of ZIKV-related neuropathology. Here, we use an Asian-lineage ZIKV strain, isolated from the 2015 Mexican outbreak (Mex1-7), to infect primary human neural stem cells (hNSCs) originally derived from three individual fetal brains. All three strains of hNSCs exhibited similar rates of Mex1-7 infection and reduced proliferation. However, Mex1-7 decreased neuronal differentiation in only two of the three stem cell strains. Correspondingly, ZIKA-mediated transcriptome alterations were similar in these two strains but significantly different from that of the third strain with no ZIKV-induced neuronal reduction. This study thus confirms that an Asian-lineage ZIKV strain infects primary hNSCs and demonstrates a cell-strain-dependent response of hNSCs to ZIKV infection. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. Currículo en el nivel preescolar costarricense: El Ciclo Materno Infantil (CMI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Lucía Chaves-Álvarez

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Recibido 20 de abril de 2009 • Aprobado 14 de setiembre de 2009 • Corregido 15 de octubre de 2009     Este artículo aborda la conceptuación y la descripción del Ciclo Materno Infantil como parte del nivel de preescolar del sistema educativo formal costarricense. Con el propósito de tener una visión más amplia de este Ciclo, se hace un repaso por el concepto de currículo, así como de los elementos que lo conforman, y, luego, se detallan específicamente los aspectos relacionados con el currículo de preescolar costarricense del Ciclo Materno Infantil, tomando como punto de partida el Programa de Estudio que se elaboró para atender este Ciclo en el sistema educativo de Costa Rica.

  17. Zika virus infection of Hofbauer cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Simoni, Michael K; Jurado, Kellie Ann; Abrahams, Vikki M; Fikrig, Erol; Guller, Seth

    2017-02-01

    Recent studies have linked antenatal infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) with major adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes, including microcephaly. There is a growing consensus for the existence of a congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Previous studies have indicated that non-placental macrophages play a key role in the replication of dengue virus (DENV), a closely related flavivirus. As the placenta provides the conduit for vertical transmission of certain viruses, and placental Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are fetal-placental macrophages located adjacent to fetal capillaries, it is not surprising that several recent studies have examined infection of HBCs by ZIKV. In this review, we describe congenital abnormalities associated with ZIKV infection, the role of HBCs in the placental response to infection, and evidence for the susceptibility of HBCs to ZIKV infection. We conclude that HBCs may contribute to the spread of ZIKV in placenta and promote vertical transmission of ZIKV, ultimately compromising fetal and neonatal development and function. Current evidence strongly suggests that further studies are warranted to dissect the specific molecular mechanism through which ZIKV infects HBCs and its potential impact on the development of CZS. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  18. Tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo em recém-nascidos prematuros e a termo Time of exclusive breastfeeding of preterm and term newborn babies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Waléria Ferreira da Silva

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: determinar o tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo de recém nascidos prematuros e observar se estes apresentam um índice de aleitamento materno exclusivo diferente do apresentado pelo município de Maceió, na I e II Pesquisa de Prevalência de Aleitamento Materno nas Capitais Brasileiras e no Distrito Federal. Além de comparar o tempo de aleitamento materno e aleitamento materno exclusivo de recém nascidos prematuros e a termo e verificar as causas do desmame precoce e suas consequências. MÉTODO: trata-se de uma investigação de campo, de caráter exploratório e longitudinal da prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo de recém nascidos prematuro e à termo. RESULTADOS: o percentual de aleitamento materno e de aleitamento materno exclusivo de prematuros aos 6 meses. Houve diferença significante para a variável peso ao nascimento. Dentre as causas do desmame precoce, os fatores educacionais seguidos dos fatores culturais apareceram em maior porcentagem. Como consequência do desmame precoce a prática de hábitos orais ocorreu em 98,1% das crianças. CONCLUSÃO: as crianças prematuras permaneceram mais tempo em aleitamento materno e em aleitamento materno exclusivo que as nascidas a termo. Os fatores educacionais e culturais foram as principais causas do desmame precoce e sua consequência foi o uso de chupeta e mamadeira.PURPOSE: to determine the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding. However, only a minority of women engage in breastfeeding practices. This research is aimed to establish the time of exclusive breastfeeding as for preterm babies and observe whether they have a different level of exclusive breastfeeding in relation to the level achieved by the city of Maceió at the I and II PPAM-CDF. Additionally, other goals are to compare the breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding types of preterm and term newborns and determine the causes of early weaning and its consequences. METHOD: this is a field investigation

  19. Tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo em recém-nascidos prematuros e a termo Time of exclusive breastfeeding of preterm and term newborn babies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Waléria Ferreira da Silva

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: determinar o tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo de recém nascidos prematuros e observar se estes apresentam um índice de aleitamento materno exclusivo diferente do apresentado pelo município de Maceió, na I e II Pesquisa de Prevalência de Aleitamento Materno nas Capitais Brasileiras e no Distrito Federal. Além de comparar o tempo de aleitamento materno e aleitamento materno exclusivo de recém nascidos prematuros e a termo e verificar as causas do desmame precoce e suas consequências. MÉTODO: trata-se de uma investigação de campo, de caráter exploratório e longitudinal da prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo de recém nascidos prematuro e à termo. RESULTADOS: o percentual de aleitamento materno e de aleitamento materno exclusivo de prematuros aos 6 meses. Houve diferença significante para a variável peso ao nascimento. Dentre as causas do desmame precoce, os fatores educacionais seguidos dos fatores culturais apareceram em maior porcentagem. Como consequência do desmame precoce a prática de hábitos orais ocorreu em 98,1% das crianças. CONCLUSÃO: as crianças prematuras permaneceram mais tempo em aleitamento materno e em aleitamento materno exclusivo que as nascidas a termo. Os fatores educacionais e culturais foram as principais causas do desmame precoce e sua consequência foi o uso de chupeta e mamadeira.PURPOSE: to determine the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding. However, only a minority of women engage in breastfeeding practices. This research is aimed to establish the time of exclusive breastfeeding as for preterm babies and observe whether they have a different level of exclusive breastfeeding in relation to the level achieved by the city of Maceió at the I and II PPAM-CDF. Additionally, other goals are to compare the breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding types of preterm and term newborns and determine the causes of early weaning and its consequences. METHOD: this is a field investigation

  20. Aleitamento materno e seus benefícios: primeiro passo para a promoção saúde

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Izabella Santos Nogueira de Andrade

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available O aleitamento materno é reconhecido pelo Ministério da Saúde, em consonância com a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS e Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância (UNICEF, como uma das estratégias fundamentais para a diminuição dos índices de mortalidade neonatal(1. É pacífico o fato de que o aleitamento materno deva ser iniciado após o parto, uma vez que o colostro é considerado a primeira imunização do neonato pela presença de imunoglobulinas e maior quantidade de proteínas e vitamina A(2. Recomenda-se o aleitamento materno exclusivo até o sexto mês de vida, podendo ser dado como suplemento alimentar até os dois anos de idade ou mais(3,4. Então, é papel do profissional de saúde, em qualquer área de atuação, incentivar, estimular e apoiar o aleitamento materno(5. Dentre as ações de promoção, proteção e apoio ao aleitamento materno do Ministério da Saúde implementadas nos últimos 30 anos destacam-se a Iniciativa Hospital Amiga da Criança (IHAC, que prioriza os 10 passos para o aleitamento materno, a criação da Norma Brasileira de Comercialização de Alimentos para Lactentes (NBCAL, a Rede Brasileira de Bancos de Leite Humano (REDEBLH, as campanhas anuais como Semana Mundial da Amamentação (SMAM e Dia Nacional de Doação de Leite Humano, e, mais recentemente, a Rede Amamenta Brasil(6. Observam-se os inúmeros benefícios do aleitamento materno relacionados aos aspectos nutricionais e emocionais, em que esse aleitamento aparece como fonte de nutrientes, em quantidade e qualidade adequadas ao bebê, sendo ao mesmo tempo promotor da relação mãe-filho(5. A interação mãe-filho durante a amamentação favorece o desenvolvimento dos laços afetivos para a aprendizagem mútua, visto que gera afeto, segurança, acolhimento e contribui para o desenvolvimento da linguagem e a construção da inteligência. A mãe aprende sobre o comportamento do bebê e sobre seu papel de mãe; o bebê aprende a se relacionar

  1. Políticas del amor materno, Chile 1927-1937

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javiera Poblete Vargas

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo, se ha propuesto determinar la utilidad política y económica que los médicos y las “visitadoras sociales” le confirieron al amor materno en Chile, en el tratamiento del problema del Binomio “Madre y Niño” al interior de sus artículos escritos en cuatro revistas de circulación científica entre 1927 y1937: Servicio Social, Beneficencia, Asistencia Social y Acción Social. Con las herramientas teóricas que le ha proporcionado a la historiografía los estudios culturales, los estudios de género, el análisis crítico del discurso y la filosofía política, analizaremos las fuentes históricas disponibles y buscaremos demostrar que en el proyecto político e ideológico de los profesionales de la salud y del servicio social,  dicha dimensión afectiva, tendrá una utilidad  política y económica, en la medida que logre naturalizar y afianzar en las mujeres del pueblo su rol social/sexual materno para la formación y cuidado de la vida de futuras madres y ciudadanos del país, en medio de un escenario de crisis

  2. Zika Fetal Neuropathogenesis: Etiology of a Viral Syndrome.

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    Zachary A Klase

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available The ongoing Zika virus epidemic in the Americas and the observed association with both fetal abnormalities (primary microcephaly and adult autoimmune pathology (Guillain-Barré syndrome has brought attention to this neglected pathogen. While initial case studies generated significant interest in the Zika virus outbreak, larger prospective epidemiology and basic virology studies examining the mechanisms of Zika viral infection and associated pathophysiology are only now starting to be published. In this review, we analyze Zika fetal neuropathogenesis from a comparative pathology perspective, using the historic metaphor of "TORCH" viral pathogenesis to provide context. By drawing parallels to other viral infections of the fetus, we identify common themes and mechanisms that may illuminate the observed pathology. The existing data on the susceptibility of various cells to both Zika and other flavivirus infections are summarized. Finally, we highlight relevant aspects of the known molecular mechanisms of flavivirus replication.

  3. Zika Fetal Neuropathogenesis: Etiology of a Viral Syndrome

    Science.gov (United States)

    Klase, Zachary A.; Khakhina, Svetlana; Schneider, Adriano De Bernardi; Callahan, Michael V.; Glasspool-Malone, Jill

    2016-01-01

    The ongoing Zika virus epidemic in the Americas and the observed association with both fetal abnormalities (primary microcephaly) and adult autoimmune pathology (Guillain–Barré syndrome) has brought attention to this neglected pathogen. While initial case studies generated significant interest in the Zika virus outbreak, larger prospective epidemiology and basic virology studies examining the mechanisms of Zika viral infection and associated pathophysiology are only now starting to be published. In this review, we analyze Zika fetal neuropathogenesis from a comparative pathology perspective, using the historic metaphor of “TORCH” viral pathogenesis to provide context. By drawing parallels to other viral infections of the fetus, we identify common themes and mechanisms that may illuminate the observed pathology. The existing data on the susceptibility of various cells to both Zika and other flavivirus infections are summarized. Finally, we highlight relevant aspects of the known molecular mechanisms of flavivirus replication. PMID:27560129

  4. Triploidia fetal associada à diminuição da subunidade beta e do estriol não-conjugado no soro materno Fetal triploidy associated with low levels of unconjugated estriol and beta-subunit in maternal serum

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    Eduardo Vieira Neto

    1999-05-01

    Full Text Available Relatamos um caso de triploidia fetal não-molar detectada na 20ª semana gestacional por cordocentese realizada em razão de estudo ultra-sonográfico que revelou retardo do crescimento intra-uterino e grave oligoidrâmnio. Na 19ª semana foram verificados acentuada diminuição da subunidade beta livre da gonadotrofina coriônica humana e do estriol não-conjugado e níveis de alfa-fetoproteína normais, apontando para um risco aumentado de síndrome de Edwards. Houve morte fetal um dia após a cordocentese e a resolução do caso foi por parto vaginal induzido com misoprostol e ocitocina, sob analgesia peridural. Estudo cromossômico das células sangüíneas fetais revelou o cariótipo 69,XXX. O grave retardo do crescimento intra-uterino, a macrocefalia, constatada no estudo anatomopatológico do feto, e os níveis muito baixos de hCG e de estriol não-conjugado sugerem um caso de triploidia por diginia, fertilização de um óvulo diplóide por um espermatozóide haplóide.We report a case of nonmolar fetal triploidy detected by fetal blood sampling at 20 weeks of gestation, performed as an investigation of intrauterine growth retardation and severe oligohydramnios found by ultrasound scan. At 19 weeks of gestation very low levels of maternal free serum beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin and unconjugated estriol, and normal levels of alpha-fetoprotein were found, which were interpreted as a high risk of fetal Edwards syndrome. Fetal death supervened the day after fetal blood sampling, and the pregnancy was terminated by vaginal delivery induced by misoprostol and oxytocin, under epidural anesthesia. Chromosome study of the fetal blood cells showed a 69,XXX karyotype. The severe intrauterine growth retardation and macrocephaly noted on pathological review plus the very low levels of hCG and unconjugated estriol suggest a fetal gynoid triploidy case, caused by the fertilization of a diploid egg by a haploid sperm.

  5. Cistoadenocarcinoma mucinoso de ovario en estadio terminal, en embarazo complicado con muerte fetal tardía. Presentación de un caso.

    OpenAIRE

    Hansy Díaz Pérez; Rafael Pérez Castro; Juan Carlos Maura Tandrón; Caridad Cordovés Brito; Julio Concepción Bombino

    2007-01-01

    Presentamos un caso de Cistoadenocarcinoma mucinoso de ovario en un embarazo de 36.4 semanas de gestación complicado con muerte fetal tardía. que ingresó en el Hospital Materno Provincial “Isabel María de Valdivia y Salas de Sancti-Spíritus” diagnosticándose el tumor de ovario en un estadío avanzado de la enfermedad con un cuadro clínico florido y múltiples hallazgos al exámen físico que motivó varios planteamientos y dudas en el diagnóstico ,no realizándose el mismo durante la vigilancia pr...

  6. The Grotta dei Cervi (Otranto – Lecce

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    Elettra Ingravallo

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Warburg (1988 offers an interesting interpretative approach to the images of Grotta dei Cervi by the notion of the concept of ‘survival’. We can read them as the images of memory which acquire other meanings every time they are brought back to the present flow.

  7. Atividade física durante a gestação e associação com indicadores de saúde materno-infantil Actividad física durante la gestación y asociación con indicadores de salud materno-infantil Physical activity during pregnancy and its association with maternal and child health indicators

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    Samuel C Dumith

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar fatores associados à prática de atividade física durante a gestação e sua relação com indicadores de saúde materno-infantil. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com todos os nascimentos ocorridos em maternidades no município de Rio Grande, RS, durante o ano de 2007 (N = 2.557. As informações foram obtidas por entrevista, por meio de um questionário pré-codificado aplicado às mães. Os desfechos de saúde materno-infantil analisados foram: hospitalização durante a gravidez, parto por cesárea, prematuridade (idade gestacional menor de 37 semanas, baixo peso ao nascer (OBJETIVO: Analizar factores asociados con la práctica de actividad física durante la gestación y su relación con indicadores de salud materno-infantil. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal realizado con todos los nacimientos ocurridos en maternidades en el municipio de Rio Grande, Sur de Brasil, durante el año 2007 (N=2.557. Las informaciones fueron obtenidas por entrevista, por medio de un cuestionario pre-codificado aplicado a las madres. Los desenlaces de salud materno-infantil analizados fueron: hospitalización durante el embarazo, parto por cesárea, prematuridad (edad gestacional menor de 37 semanas, bajo peso al nacer (OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors associated with the practice of physical activity during pregnancy and its relationship to maternal and child health indicators. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out with all births that occurred at maternity hospitals in the municipality of Rio Grande (Southern Brazil during the year of 2007 (N = 2,557. Information was collected through interviews, by means of a pre-coded questionnaire administered to the mothers. The analyzed maternal and child health outcomes were: hospitalization during pregnancy, cesarean delivery, preterm birth (gestational age < 37 weeks, low birth weight (< 2500g, and fetal death. RESULTS: A total of 32.8% of mothers (95%CI 31.0;34.6 reported having practiced

  8. Interrupción terapéutica del embarazo en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal , Perú, 2009-2013

    OpenAIRE

    Guevara Ríos, Enrique

    2016-01-01

    Objetivo: Describir las causas de la interrupción terapéutica del embarazo en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal. Diseño: Estudio observacional descriptivo, tipo revisión de casos. Institución: Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima, Perú. Material: Solicitudes para interrupción terapéutica del embarazo. Métodos: Se revisó todos los casos de interrupción terapéutica del embarazo realizados en los diferentes servicios de la institución entre los años 2009 y el 2013. Principales medida...

  9. Características técnicas y resultados maternos y perinatales de las pacientes isoinmunizadas sometidas a transfusión fetal intrauterina Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Medellín, Colombia, 1998-2006

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    Carlos Alberto Rebolledo López

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available

    OBJETIVO: describir las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y técnicas y los resultados maternos y perinatales de las pacientes isoinmunizadas sometidas a transfusión fetal intrauterina (TFI en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl (HUSVP de Medellín, Colombia, entre los años 1998 y 2006.

    METODOLOGÍA: se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de 13 pacientes isoinmunizadas que requirieron TFI en el HUSVP entre 1998 y 2006. Se analizaron variables como ruptura prematura de membranas ovulares (RPMO, corioamnionitis, sufrimiento fetal agudo (SFA, muerte perinatal e hidropesía fetal; además se describen las características técnicas de las transfusiones así como las complicaciones relacionadas con el procedimiento.

    RESULTADOS: a un total de 13 madres isoinmunizadas se les hicieron 29 TFI. La tasa de supervivencia fetal fue del 77%. Se complicaron 5 de las madres (38,5% así: RPMO en 3 casos (23% y corioamnionitis en 2 (15,4%. Seis fetos (46,1% presentaron al menos una complicación. Tres fetos fallecieron (23%, 2 (15,4% presentaron hidropesía inmune, y en 4 (30,8% hubo SFA. En total se realizaron 29 transfusiones durante las cuales hubo 11complicaciones en 6 fetos así: bradicardia fetal 4 (13,7%, desgarro del cordón 1 (3,4%, hematomas del cordón 2 (6,8% y sangrado postransfusión 4

  10. Coxsackie Virus A16 Infection of Placenta with Massive Perivillous Fibrin Deposition Leading to Intrauterine Fetal Demise at 36 Weeks Gestation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yu, Weiming; Tellier, Raymond; Wright, James R

    2015-01-01

    Massive perivillous fibrin deposition (MPFD) is an uncommon placental disorder, associated with significant fetal morbidity, mortality, and recurrence; its etiology is unknown. We describe a 31-year-old mother, diagnosed with Coxsackievirus infection and hand-foot-and-mouth disease at 35 weeks gestation. Ultrasound at 35 weeks revealed a normal fetus and placenta. One week later, the mother experienced decreased fetal movement and ultrasound demonstrated intrauterine demise. The autopsy showed mild, acute pericarditis and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Placenta examination showed MPFD involving 80% of the parenchyma. Molecular viral analysis and serotyping showed Coxsackie A16 virus. The mother had an uneventful pregnancy 15 months later. Coxsackievirus infections in pregnant mothers are often asymptomatic. Transplacental Coxsackievirus infection is very rare but is associated with spontaneous abortion, intrauterine demise, or serious neonatal morbidity. Mild, nonspecific histologic changes have been reported in the placenta. To our knowledge, this is the first report of MPFD associated with Coxsackievirus infection.

  11. O papel do aleitamento materno no desenvolvimento de alergias respiratórias = The role of breastfeeding on the development of respiratory allergies

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    Silva, Denise Rizzo Nique da

    2009-01-01

    Conclusões: apesar das muitas pesquisas sobre o tema, não se pode concluir se o aleitamento materno ajudará a prevenir a sensibilização a alérgenos em crianças com enfermidades como asma. No entanto, por todas as suas conhecidas vantagens, o aleitamento materno exclusivo deve ser encorajado nos primeiros meses de vida

  12. ALEITAMENTO MATERNO E AS CRENÇAS ALIMENTARES

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    Sueli Mutsumi Tsukuda Ichisato

    Full Text Available A hipogalactia tem levado ao desmame precoce. As crenças e os tabus influenciam a alimentação materna durante a lactação. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar lactogogos regionais utilizados como suporte do aleitamento materno (AM, pautados nos tabus e crenças. Trata-se de um estudo de caso utilizando a análise de prosa(12. Alimentar-se ou não de certos alimentos, ter vivenciado a amamentação, as crenças transmitidas por familiares e médicos, crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança foram os fatores que estimularam o AM na nossa pesquisa

  13. Anomalia anorretal e cuidados maternos

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    Manuela Costa Melo

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar um estudo de revisão bibliográfica sobre anomalia anorretal e cuidados maternos. O assunto foi abordado por meio de revisão integrativa realizada em consulta de artigos publicados nas bases de dados indexados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Foram identificadas 25 publicações que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão pré-estabelecidos. Nos estudos analisados observaram-se distintos desenhos metodológicos demonstrando que algumas crianças nascidas com anomalia anorretal necessitam de cirurgia de urgência. Os profissionais de saúde, juntamente aos pais, precisam desenvolver parcerias que possibilitem um acompanhamento a longo prazo e orientações cuidadosas. Faz-se necessário que novas pesquisas sejam realizadas sobre o tema, com propostas metodológicas que retratem melhor a essência do cuidado com as crianças estomizadas

  14. Anomalia anorretal e cuidados maternos

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    Manuela Costa Melo

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar um estudo de revisão bibliográfica sobre anomalia anorretal e cuidados maternos. O assunto foi abordado por meio de revisão integrativa realizada em consulta de artigos publicados nas bases de dados indexados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Foram identificadas 25 publicações que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão pré-estabelecidos. Nos estudos analisados observaram-se distintos desenhos metodológicos demonstrando que algumas crianças nascidas com anomalia anorretal necessitam de cirurgia de urgência. Os profissionais de saúde, juntamente aos pais, precisam desenvolver parcerias que possibilitem um acompanhamento a longo prazo e orientações cuidadosas. Faz-se necessário que novas pesquisas sejam realizadas sobre o tema, com propostas metodológicas que retratem melhor a essência do cuidado com as crianças estomizadas

  15. Evolução da assistência materno-infantil na cidade de São Paulo (1984-1996

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    Carlos Augusto Monteiro

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever a evolução da assistência materno-infantil, com base nas informações extraídas de dois inquéritos domiciliares realizados nos anos de 1984/85 e de 1995/96, na cidade de São Paulo, SP. MÉTODOS: Foram estudadas amostras probabilísticas da população entre zero e 59 meses de idade: 1.016 crianças em 1984/85 e 1.280 crianças em 1995/96. Três componentes da assistência materno-infantil foram investigados: assistência pré-natal, assistência ao parto e ao recém-nascido e assistência de puericultura. RESULTADOS: Aspectos favoráveis da evolução da assistência materno-infantil na cidade de São Paulo foram a manutenção da cobertura universal da assistência hospitalar ao parto, a expansão substancial do alojamento conjunto mãe-filho na maternidade, o aumento no número de consultas de puericultura no primeiro ano de vida e, sobretudo, a universalização da cobertura das vacinas BCG, tríplice e anti-sarampo. Aspectos desfavoráveis foram o progresso muito modesto e claramente insuficiente da assistência pré-natal, a manutenção de quase 50% de cesarianas e a não expansão da puericultura após o primeiro ano de vida. CONCLUSÕES: Estimativas sobre a evolução da assistência materno-infantil no conjunto das áreas urbanas do País em período semelhante confirma e acentua o desempenho insatisfatório da assistência pré-natal na cidade de São Paulo. Comparações favoráveis a São Paulo são registradas apenas quanto a cobertura vacinal. A influência que mudanças na assistência materno-infantil podem ter exercido sobre a evolução de diferentes indicadores do estado de saúde das crianças da cidade é examinada em artigos subseqüentes.

  16. Evolução da assistência materno-infantil na cidade de São Paulo (1984-1996

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    Monteiro Carlos Augusto

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever a evolução da assistência materno-infantil, com base nas informações extraídas de dois inquéritos domiciliares realizados nos anos de 1984/85 e de 1995/96, na cidade de São Paulo, SP. MÉTODOS: Foram estudadas amostras probabilísticas da população entre zero e 59 meses de idade: 1.016 crianças em 1984/85 e 1.280 crianças em 1995/96. Três componentes da assistência materno-infantil foram investigados: assistência pré-natal, assistência ao parto e ao recém-nascido e assistência de puericultura. RESULTADOS: Aspectos favoráveis da evolução da assistência materno-infantil na cidade de São Paulo foram a manutenção da cobertura universal da assistência hospitalar ao parto, a expansão substancial do alojamento conjunto mãe-filho na maternidade, o aumento no número de consultas de puericultura no primeiro ano de vida e, sobretudo, a universalização da cobertura das vacinas BCG, tríplice e anti-sarampo. Aspectos desfavoráveis foram o progresso muito modesto e claramente insuficiente da assistência pré-natal, a manutenção de quase 50% de cesarianas e a não expansão da puericultura após o primeiro ano de vida. CONCLUSÕES: Estimativas sobre a evolução da assistência materno-infantil no conjunto das áreas urbanas do País em período semelhante confirma e acentua o desempenho insatisfatório da assistência pré-natal na cidade de São Paulo. Comparações favoráveis a São Paulo são registradas apenas quanto a cobertura vacinal. A influência que mudanças na assistência materno-infantil podem ter exercido sobre a evolução de diferentes indicadores do estado de saúde das crianças da cidade é examinada em artigos subseqüentes.

  17. Efecto de la aplicación de oxitocina en variables críticas sanguíneas de cerdas distócicas

    OpenAIRE

    González-Lozano, Miguel; Trujillo Ortega, Ma. Elena; Becerril-Herrera, Marcelino; Alonso-Spilsbury, María; Ramírez-Necoechea, Ramiro; Hernández-González, Rafael; Mota-Rojas, Daniel

    2009-01-01

    Con el propósito de evaluar las respuestas maternas a dosis baja de oxitocina en estado avanzado del parto en cerdas con eutocia y distocia materno-fetal, se seleccionaron 60 cerdas de la cruza Yorkshire x Landrace, 30 eutócicas y 30 con distocia materno-fetal. Las cerdas de cada grupo fueron divididas en subgrupos: 15 recibieron 0.083 UI/kg de oxitocina después de la expulsión del quinto lechón, las otras 15 no fueron tratadas. Se obtuvieron muestras sanguíneas en cada una de las cerdas medi...

  18. Indagini su conoscenze e comportamenti dei medici in tema di prevenzione delle neoplasie del cavo orale: primi risultati

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    G. Nicotera

    2003-05-01

    Full Text Available

    Obiettivi: l’indagine si propone di valutare il livello di conoscenze ed i comportamenti dei medici italiani in merito alla prevenzione delle neoplasie del cavo orale.

    Metodi: lo studio è stato effettuato mediante l’invio postale ad un campione casuale di 500 di medici di medicina generale della regione Calabria di un questionario con 38 domande strutturate in 3 sezioni: caratteristiche anagrafiche e lavorative (sesso, età, anni di attività, etc., conoscenze (principali fattori di rischio, lesioni precancerose, sede di insorgenza, etc. e comportamenti (esame obiettivo del cavo orale, anamnesi personale, etc..

    Risultati: i dati si riferiscono ai primi 151 questionari
    restituiti. La maggior parte dei rispondenti è di
    sesso maschile, l’età media è di 51.4 anni, la media
    degli anni di attività lavorativa è 19 anni e meno dei
    due terzi dei medici afferma di lavorare più di 30
    ore settimanali. Relativamente al livello delle conoscenze,
    solo il 19% dei medici conosce almeno 3 dei principali fattori di rischio del cancro della cavità orale, poco più di un terzo (35.1% riconosce la leucoplachia e l’eritroplachia come le due principali lesioni precancerose associate alle neoplasie e il 56.7% identifica il carcinoma squamocellulare
    come la forma neoplastica più diffusa della bocca.

    Per quanto riguarda i comportamenti, i primi risultati si evidenziano che il 67% del campione effettua l’esame obiettivo del cavo orale e poco meno dei due raccoglie informazioni inerenti all’ uso/abuso di alcool e tabacco dei pazienti.

    Conclusioni: i primi risultati dello studio, se pur preliminari, fanno emergere l’importanza di pianificare interventi formativi in merito alla prevenzione delle neoplasie del cavo orale.

  19. DUE NUOVE SPECIE DI OTIORHYNCHUS (LIXORRHYNCHUS REITTER, 1914 E UNA NUOVA SPECIE DI RAYMONDIONYMUS WOLLASTON, 1873 DEI MONTI AURUNCI (LAZIO (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONOIDEA

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    Paolo Magrini

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available Nella presente nota vengono descritti tre nuovi Curculionoidea ipogei dei Monti Aurunci (Lazio: Otiorhynchus (Lixorrhynchus avoni n. sp.; Otiorhynchus (Lixorrhyn­chus paulae n. sp. e Raymondionymus pulcherrimus n. sp. Nel testo vengono riportate immagini fotografiche dei principali caratteri esoscheletrici (sia interni che esterni che contraddistinguono le nuove specie, nell’ambito dei gruppi di appartenenza. Una cartina geografica riassume lo stato dell’attuale distribuzione dei Lixorrhynchus anoftalmi o microftalmi in Italia penisulare e nell’area Sardo-Corsa. Le prime due specie presentano indubbie affinità con Otiorhynchus (Lixorrhynchus bastianinii Magrini, Meoli & Abbazzi, 2005, recentemente descritto dei Monti Aurunci centrali [Grava dei Serini (= Grotta dei Serini 587 La/FR], mentre la terza specie costituisce, insieme a R. meggiolaroi (Osella, 1977 (Liguria, R. eximius Meregalli & Osella, 2006 (Lazio, Monti Simbruini e R. zoiai (Osella & Giusto, 1985 (Piemonte, Massiccio del Monviso, un gruppo immediatamente riconoscibile rispetto ai taxa congeneri, per la particolare conformazione del pronoto.

  20. Aleitamento materno exclusivo e adiposidade Amamantamiento materno exclusivo y adiposidad Exclusive breastfeeding and adiposity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Fernando V. N. Moraes

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Associar o tempo de amamentação exclusiva da criança à adiposidade central e periférica, por meio do índice de massa corporal, dos perímetros da cintura e do braço, e das dobras cutâneas triciptal, subescapular e a somatória destas em pré-escolares. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa de delineamento transversal, em que 134 pré-escolares entre três e cinco anos de idade de uma escola par-ticular de Brasília, DF, foram avaliados quanto a: massa corporal, estatura, perímetros do braço e da cintura, dobras cutâneas triciptal e subescapular. Os pais das crianças responderam a um questionário sobre tempo de amamentação. O diagnóstico de sobrepeso e obe-sidade foi realizado de acordo com a classificação da Organização Mundial da Saúde para o índice de massa corporal por idade. RESULTADOS: As meninas tiveram maior concentração adiposa na dobra cutânea triciptal (p=0,001, subescapular (p=0,044 e na somatória destas (p=0,003 em relação aos meninos. A prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade foi similar nos dois sexos (25,4% nos meninos e 22,6% nas meninas, assim como o tempo médio de amamentação exclusiva (4,3 meses para meninos e 4,6 meses para meninas. Notou-se correlação inversa significativa entre tempo de amamentação exclusiva e perímetro da cintura (r=-0,166; p=0,05. As demais variáveis também mostraram tendência de correlação inversa com o tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo, porém sem valores significativos. CONCLUSÕES: A associação inversa entre o tempo de ama-mentação e o perímetro da cintura mostra um possível efeito do aleitamento materno sobre a distribuição de gordura corporal no pré-escolar.OBJETIVO: Asociar el tiempo de amamantamiento exclusivo del niño con la adiposidad central y periférica mediante el índice de masa corporal, perímetros de la cintura y del brazo, y pliegues cutáneos ticipital, subescapular y la suma de estos en pre-escolares. MÉTODOS: Investigación de delineaci

  1. Internações por complicações obstétricas na gestação e desfechos maternos e perinatais, em uma coorte de gestantes no Sistema Único de Saúde no Município de São Paulo, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Barbara Laisa Alves Moura

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available A morbidade materna, a mortalidade neonatal e a mortalidade fetal são importantes indicadores da saúde materna infantil. O estudo tem por objetivo descrever desfechos maternos e perinatais (baixo peso ao nascer, prematuridade, óbito fetal e neonatal, internações pós-parto e readmissão dos recém-nascidos de uma coorte de gestantes cujos partos foram financiados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS no Município de São Paulo, Brasil, no segundo semestre de 2012. Foi obtida uma coorte retrospectiva de 55.404 gestantes com vinculação (determinística e probabilística das informações do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SUS, Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC, Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM e Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES. Internações por complicações obstétricas da gestação ocorreram em 4,3% das gestantes. Diagnósticos mais frequentes foram: infecções, doenças hipertensivas e diabetes. As internações prévias ao parto foram mais frequentes nas gestantes a partir de 35 anos, de gestações múltiplas e com baixa escolaridade. As internações das gestantes no pós-parto foram 3 vezes maior e a mortalidade materna 9 vezes maior entre as gestantes com internação prévia por complicações obstétricas. Os desfechos perinatais (mortalidade fetal e neonatal, prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer foram 2 vezes mais frequentes entre os conceptos de gestantes com internação prévia que aquelas sem internação. Comportamento semelhante foi encontrado com relação à internação dos recém-nascidos logo após o parto e na readmissão hospitalar. Desfechos maternos e perinatais negativos foram mais frequentes em gestantes com internação prévia ao parto.

  2. Un passo indietro sul fronte dei diritti di libertà e di eguaglianza in materia religiosa [?

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    Sergio Lariccia

    2016-06-01

    SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa – 2. La corte ritiene ammissibile l’intervento, nel giudizio costituzionale, dell’associazione privata degli atei e degli agnostici razionalisti. Funzione e importanza dei gruppi sociali organizzati per l’affermazione dei diritti verso e contro le religioni – 3. L’UAAR può essere considerata una confessione religiosa? – 4. Non è ammesso un controllo giurisdizionale sulle decisioni del consiglio dei ministri riguardanti l’avvio delle trattative per la stipulazione di eventuali intese tra una confessione religiosa e lo Stato. Ma “ci sarà pure un giudice a Berlino!” – 5. Potere politico, potere amministrativo e potere giurisdizionale in tema di diritti dei gruppi religiosi in Italia – 6. Ragioni della politica e ragioni del diritto: una scelta metodologica. Dubbi, nella fattispecie, sul ruolo del parlamento come organo di garanzia che esercita il controllo sul governo – 7. 2 aprile 1966: il ricordo di una giornata particolare di cinquant’anni fa.

  3. Serial Head and Brain Imaging of 17 Fetuses With Confirmed Zika Virus Infection in Colombia, South America.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Parra-Saavedra, Miguel; Reefhuis, Jennita; Piraquive, Juan Pablo; Gilboa, Suzanne M; Badell, Martina L; Moore, Cynthia A; Mercado, Marcela; Valencia, Diana; Jamieson, Denise J; Beltran, Mauricio; Sanz-Cortes, Magda; Rivera-Casas, Ana Maria; Yepez, Mayel; Parra, Guido; Ospina Martinez, Martha; Honein, Margaret A

    2017-07-01

    To evaluate fetal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings among a series of pregnant women with confirmed Zika virus infection to evaluate the signs of congenital Zika syndrome with respect to timing of infection. We conducted a retrospective case series of pregnant women referred to two perinatal clinics in Barranquilla and Ibagué, Colombia, who had findings consistent with congenital Zika syndrome and Zika virus infection confirmed in maternal, fetal, or neonatal samples. Serial ultrasound measurements, fetal magnetic resonance imaging results, laboratory results, and perinatal outcomes were evaluated. We describe 17 cases of confirmed prenatal maternal Zika virus infection with adverse fetal outcomes. Among the 14 symptomatic women, the median gestational age for maternal Zika virus symptoms was 10 weeks (range 7-14 weeks of gestation). The median time between Zika virus symptom onset and microcephaly (head circumference less than 3 standard deviations below the mean) was 18 weeks (range 15-24 weeks). The earliest fetal head circumference measurement consistent with microcephaly diagnosis was at 24 weeks of gestation. The earliest sign of congenital Zika syndrome was talipes equinovarus, which in two patients was noted first at 19 weeks of gestation. Common findings on fetal magnetic resonance imaging were microcephaly, ventriculomegaly, polymicrogyria, and calcifications. Our analysis suggests a period of at least 15 weeks between maternal Zika virus infection in pregnancy and development of microcephaly and highlights the importance of serial and detailed neuroimaging.

  4. Suporte materno mediante o abuso sexual infantil: revisão de literatura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Marafon

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available O suporte materno é fundamental para minimizar os efeitos traumáticos dos maus-tratos infantis. Objetivou-se com este estudo investigar como as mães se comportam frente à revelação do abuso sexual contra seus filhos. Com base nas diretrizes do guia Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses PRISMA, foram selecionados artigos publicados entre 1995 e 2015, nas bases de dados SciELO, BVS e ScienceDirect, usando os descritores “maternal support”, “disclosure”, “child sexual abuse” e “psychological assessment”, “suporte materno”, “denúncia”, “abuso sexual infantil”, “avaliação psicológica”. Identificaram-se 80 artigos, sendo 17 incluídos neste estudo. Diante da revelação do abuso: i as mães oferecem apoio às filhas e necessitam de suporte para prestar auxílio; ii o uso de álcool e drogas, as ideias suicidas e homicidas são fatores contribuintes para a falta de assistência das mães. O suporte materno em situação de abuso sexual está relacionado à rede de apoio psicossocial oferecido.

  5. Nonproductive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of human fetal astrocytes: independence from CD4 and major chemokine receptors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sabri, F; Tresoldi, E; Di Stefano, M; Polo, S; Monaco, M C; Verani, A; Fiore, J R; Lusso, P; Major, E; Chiodi, F; Scarlatti, G

    1999-11-25

    Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of the brain is associated with neurological manifestations both in adults and in children. The primary target for HIV-1 infection in the brain is the microglia, but astrocytes can also be infected. We tested 26 primary HIV-1 isolates for their capacity to infect human fetal astrocytes in culture. Eight of these isolates, independent of their biological phenotype and chemokine receptor usage, were able to infect astrocytes. Although no sustained viral replication could be demonstrated, the virus was recovered by coculture with receptive cells such as macrophages or on stimulation with interleukin-1beta. To gain knowledge into the molecular events that regulate attachment and penetration of HIV-1 in astrocytes, we investigated the expression of several chemokine receptors. Fluorocytometry and calcium-mobilization assay did not provide evidence of expression of any of the major HIV-1 coreceptors, including CXCR4, CCR5, CCR3, and CCR2b, as well as the CD4 molecule on the cell surface of human fetal astrocytes. However, mRNA transcripts for CXCR4, CCR5, Bonzo/STRL33/TYMSTR, and APJ were detected by RT-PCR. Furthermore, infection of astrocytes by HIV-1 isolates with different chemokine receptor usage was not inhibited by the chemokines SDF-1beta, RANTES, MIP-1beta, or MCP-1 or by antibodies directed against the third variable region or the CD4 binding site of gp120. These data show that astrocytes can be infected by primary HIV-1 isolates via a mechanism independent of CD4 or major chemokine receptors. Furthermore, astrocytes are potential carriers of latent HIV-1 and on activation may be implicated in spreading the infection to other neighbouring cells, such as microglia or macrophages. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

  6. HoBi-like virus challenge of pregnant cows that had previously given birth to calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus

    Science.gov (United States)

    The ability of bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) to establish persistent infection (PI) following fetal infection is central to keeping these viruses circulating. Similarly, an emerging species of pestivirus, HoBi-like viruses, is also able to establish PIs. Dams that are not PI, but carrying PI ...

  7. Consumo alimentar de lactentes com fenilcetonúria em uso de aleitamento materno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jacqueline Siqueira Santos

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ingestão de calorias, fenilalanina, tirosina e proteína de lactentes com fenilcetonúria em uso de aleitamento materno. MÉTODOS: Um grupo de 39 crianças, com até 6 meses de idade, que fazia uso de aleitamento materno (grupo amamentado foi comparado a um grupo-controle que fazia uso de fórmula especial com baixo teor de fenilanina, por meio de um estudo de coorte histórico concorrente. Os grupos foram pareados por sexo e duração da amamentação. Foram revistos 719 recordatórios alimentares de pacientes do grupo amamentado e 628 do grupo-controle. Foi realizada avaliação antropométrica no início e no final do estudo. A análise da ingestão de nutrientes foi feita com a utilização dos programas Minitab e LogXact 4.0, e a avaliação antropométrica foi feita com a utilização do programa Epi Info 6.0. RESULTADOS: O grupo amamentado apresentou ingestão adequada de fenilalanina e tirosina e maior adequação de ingestão proteica e energética. A maioria das crianças dos dois grupos apresentou escore-Z dentro dos limites normais (Z ³-2, com evolução favorável dos indicadores estudados (peso/idade, estatura/idade, peso/estatura e perímetro cefálico. CONCLUSÃO: O aleitamento materno na fenilcetonúria proporcionou ingestão adequada de calorias, fenilalanina, tirosina e proteína. A chance de uma criança do grupo amamentado possuir recordatórios de 24h adequados de ingestão energética foi 10,64 vezes maior que a chance de uma criança do grupo-controle. Em relação à ingestão proteica a chance foi 5,34 vezes maior. O crescimento foi similar nos dois grupos.

  8. Maternal Nutritional Factors and Low Birth Weight in a Health Area Factores nutricionales maternos y el bajo peso al nacer en un área de salud

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    Amarelis Rodríguez Fuentes

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Background: low birth weight is multifactorial and is commonly attributed to maternal, fetal and environmental causes. Dietary habits linked to inadequate maternal nutritional factors are decisive. Objective: to identify maternal nutritional factors related to low birth weight in patients of the consultation Area # I in Cienfuegos. Methods: an analytical, retrospective and case-control study was conducted from January 2006 to December 2008. We studied 50 mothers of low birth weight infants (cases and 100 mothers of normal weight children (controls at a rate of 2 per case. They were selected out of birth records in the health area. Obstetric medical records were reviewed and an interview was applied to each patient in order to assess their nutritional habits according to meals frequency and more widely consumed food groups. The data processing was performed using SPSS version 15,0. The results are presented in tables with absolute frequencies, percentages and results of the statistical techniques used. Results: maternal age, nutritional status in early pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy and hemoglobin in the third quarter emerged as risk factors. Women with unstable and insufficient eating habits were 33 times more likely to have low birth weight infants and women who reported unhealthy diets according to more widely consumed food groups were estimated to be nine times more exposed to risk. Conclusions: maternal nutritional factors influenced the incidence of low birth weight, primarily in the cases of inadequate eating habits.Fundamento: el bajo peso al nacer es multifactorial y se atribuye a causas maternas, fetales y ambientales. Los hábitos alimentarios inadecuados unidos a otros factores nutricionales maternos son determinantes. Objetivo: identificar los factores nutricionales maternos relacionados con el bajo peso al nacer en pacientes del Área I del municipio Cienfuegos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico, retrospectivo, de

  9. The Athletae Dei: Missing the Meaning of Sport.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hoffman, Shirl J.

    By making virtue of ascesis or self-discipline in their sport, the athlete evangelists (the "athletae-Dei"), unwittingly rob sport of its fundamental theological significance. These proponents of an evangelical brand of protestant theology have shifted drastically from an anti-sport stance of a century ago to a position that not only…

  10. Le seriazioni nel processo di formazione dei canzonieri francesi: alcuni aspetti significativi

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    Stefano Resconi

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Attraverso l’analisi di seriazioni di componimenti, il contributo formula alcune riflessioni sulle modalità di formazione dei canzonieri lirici francesi: particolare attenzione è dedicata al riconoscimento della fisionomia dei materiali disponibili ai piani medî e alti della tradizione, e alle relative ripercussioni sui criterî di organizzazione interna delle raccolte.By analyzing sequences of poems, the essay aims to discuss the formation of French lyric chansonniers, with particular attention to the features of sources available in the early stages of the manuscript tradition, and their consequences on the internal organization of the anthologies. 

  11. Impacto do aleitamento materno no coeficiente de inteligência de crianças de oito anos de idade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana L. M. Fonseca

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a influência do aleitamento materno na capacidade intelectual de crianças pertencentes a uma coorte de um país em desenvolvimento, controlando para os principais fatores de confusão. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte prospectiva com todos os recém-nascidos nos hospitais de uma cidade de porte médio e acompanhou-se uma amostra aleatória destes aos 30, 90 e 180 dias de vida e aos 8 anos. No acompanhamento foram avaliados diversos aspectos da amamentação e, aos 8 anos, foi realizada avaliação da capacidade intelectual geral aplicando-se o Teste de Raven. As análises estatísticas utilizaram Teste T, ANOVA e regressão linear e logística, considerando como associações estatisticamente significativas aquelas cujo valor de p foi inferior a 0,05. RESULTADOS: Aos 8 anos 560 crianças participaram da avaliação com o Teste de Raven. A média da pontuação das crianças no teste foi de 22,56 pontos com desvio padrão de 5,93. A diferença de médias entre os grupos em aleitamento materno ou não, aos seis meses, foi de 1,33 (p = 0,008. Permaneceram associadas ao desfecho, após regressão linear e logística, a cor materna e da criança, classe socioeconômica, escolaridade e tabagismo maternos e o aleitamento materno aos 6 meses de idade (p = 0,007. CONCLUSÕES: As crianças que mamaram por seis meses ou mais tiveram melhor desempenho na avaliação intelectual geral, mesmo após ajuste para os principais fatores de confundimento.

  12. Near miss materno e iniquidades em saúde: análise de determinantes contextuais no Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

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    Tatyana Maria Silva de Souza Rosendo

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os fatores contextuais socioeconômicos e de assistência à saúde na atenção básica associados ao near miss materno e a suas condições marcadoras. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico que utilizou como unidade de análise os dados agregados de 63 clusters formados pelos municípios do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, através do método Skater de regionalização de áreas. A razão de near miss materno e de suas condições marcadoras foram obtidas através do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde. Na análise de regressão linear múltipla, houve associação significativa entre o near miss materno e variáveis relacionadas à pobreza e à pior assistência na atenção básica. As doenças hipertensivas também associaram-se à pobreza e à pior assistência e a ocorrência de hemorragia associou-se à mortalidade infantil. Pôde-se constatar que a ocorrência de near miss materno está relacionada a condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis e a uma assistência à saúde de pior qualidade que são reflexo de políticas públicas que reforçam a iniquidade em saúde.

  13. I nuovi criteri di valutazione dei terreni in seguito al regolamento spagnolo per la valutazione dei terreni del 2011: l’oggettivazione delle aspettative edificatorie nel territorio rurale

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    Ana Maria De La Encarnación Valcárcel

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Il regime di valutazione dei terreni ha subito una delle sue più importanti modifiche ad opera della Legge sui Suoli del 2008 e del relativo Regolamento del 2011. Secondo il cosiddetto principio di oggettività, che definisce tutti i metodi fissati per le nuove "situazioni di base" dei terreni, ed in base al prescritto divieto di prendere in considerazione le aspettative edificatorie derivanti dal rilascio di una concessione edilizia, è facilmente desumibile l’esistenza di circostanze, che non sono una conseguenza naturale degli investimenti effettuati per il bene da parte del proprietario. Questo è in contrasto con lo spirito della Legge sui Suoli in vigore, enunciato nella Relazione Esplicativa.

  14. L’interconnessione dei registri europei della proprietà immobiliare: il caso italiano e spagnolo a confronto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Agostina Lodde

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available La necessità che le informazioni detenute dai Registri Immobiliari possano liberamente circolare all’interno dello spazio dell’Unione rappresenta un obiettivo prioritario nell’ambito della strategia delineata dal Consiglio UE in materia di giustizia elettronica europea 2014-2018, la quale prevede di incentrare l’azione “sulla interconnessione dei registri che presentino un interesse per i cittadini, le imprese, gli operatori della giustizia e i magistrati”. Pertanto, si afferma che “si dovrebbero assicurare i presupposti tecnici e giuridici necessari per rendere possibile tale interconnessione”. La realizzazione dei “presupposti tecnici” di cui si parla, grazie agli sviluppi straordinari delle tecnologie informatiche, rappresenta il traguardo meno difficile da raggiungere, mentre è di gran lunga più complicato risolvere le difficoltà giuridiche derivanti dalla storica diversità dei Registri, tenendo anche in considerazione il limite posto dall’art. 345 del Trattato sul Funzionamento dell’Unione Europea, secondo il quale “I trattati lasciano del tutto impregiudicato il regime di proprietà esistente negli Stati membri”. Per meglio comprendere le suddette diversità e facendo seguito alla panoramica sui diversi sistemi europei di registrazione immobiliare illustrata da Lodde (2016, si è cercato di fornire un quadro comparato dei sistemi di registrazione italiano e spagnolo, sistemi che poggiano su tradizioni giuridiche comuni (quelle di civil law ma che, per diversi percorsi evolutivi, sono pervenuti a una regolamentazione completamente differente dei rispettivi Registri.

  15. Programas de saúde materno-infantil em Moçambique: marcos evolutivos e a inserção da enfermagem Programas de atención de salud materno-infantil en Mozambique: marcos evolutivos e inserción de la enfermería Programs of maternal and infant health in Mozambique: gradual landmarks and the insertion of nursing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Acácia Ernesto Lourenço

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Pesquisa centrada nas políticas públicas do governo moçambicano para o setor da saúde, com foco voltado para programas de assistência à saúde materno-infantil. Tem o propósito de apresentar contextos básicos para a reflexão sobre a filosofia da implantação e implementação dos programas e a inserção da Enfermagem, mostrando seus marcos evolutivos. Constatou-se que, na década 70, o Sistema Nacional de Saúde adotou o Programa de Proteção Materno-Infantil, que na década de 80 ficou concebido como Programa de Saúde Materno-Infantil e, posteriormente, na década 90, ficou inserido no Programa Nacional Integrado de Saúde Materno-Infantil e Planejamento Familiar, Programa Alargado de Vacinação, Saúde Escolar e do Adolescente, incluindo Saúde Sexual e Reprodutiva. A inserção da Enfermagem foi evidenciada na implementação das ações assistenciais. Os marcos evolutivos foram: a introdução dos cursos específicos de Enfermagem em saúde materno-infantil do nível básico ao superior e abrangência dos serviços do Programa Nacional Integrado.Pesquisa Centrada en las políticas públicas del gobierno Mozambicano para el setor salud, con foco en los Programas de Asistencia en Salud Materno-infantil, con el propósito de presentar contextos básicos para la reflexión acerca de la filosofia de implantación e implementación de los programas mostrando sus marcos evolutivos e de la inserción de la Enfermería. Se constató que en la década 70, el Sistema Nacional de Salud adoptó el Programa de Protección Materno Infantil, que en la década de 80 se transformó en Programa de Salud Materno-infantil y posteriormente en la década de 90 fue inserido en el Programa Nacional Integrado de Salud Materno- Infantil y Planificación Familia, Programas Ampliado de Vacunación, Salud Escolar y del Adolescente incluyendo la salud Sexual y Reproductiva. La inserción de la Enfermería fue evidenciada en la implantación por medio de

  16. L’enigma dei raggi cosmici le più grandi energie dell’universo

    CERN Document Server

    De Angelis, Alessandro

    2012-01-01

    Grazie ad avventurosi studi fu possibile dimostrare un secolo fa che parte della radiazione naturale che si osserva sulla Terra è di natura extraterrestre: era la scoperta dei cosiddetti “raggi cosmici”, particelle che arrivano da misteriosi acceleratori nell’universo, probabilmente buchi neri supermassicci e resti di supernova, a energie anche centinaia di milioni di volte di quelle a cui riusciamo a produrle con i più potenti acceleratori della Terra. A cent’anni dalle prime scoperte questo libro si propone, con l’aiuto di documenti scoperti recentemente, di raccontare la vera storia di questa appassionante avventura scientifica e le frontiere dell'esplorazione dei raggi cosmici.

  17. Prime note sulla tutela penale dei culti nei Paesi dell’Est Europa

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    Giovanni Cimbalo

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available Testo della relazione tenuta al Convegno “La Carta e la Corte” (Ferrara, 27 ottobre 2007 destinata alla pubblicazione negli Atti. SOMMARIO: 1. Alcune considerazioni preliminari sullo status delle Confessioni religiose nei paesi dell’Est Europa - 2. I nuovi orientamenti del diritto penale nell’Est Europa - 3. Le norme statali in materia di tutela penale dei culti e del sentimento religioso. 3. Le norme penali relative ai culti e a al sentimento religioso prima del 1992 nei Paesi dell’Est Europa - 4. Tipologie e tecniche legislative di tutela penale dei culti dopo il 1992 nei Paesi dell’Est Europa - 5. Alcune sommarie considerazioni.

  18. Reconhecimento materno na Unidade de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal

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    Monika Wernet

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: analisar experiências maternas em Unidade de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal, com foco nas relações de reconhecimento. Método: estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido na perspectiva da hermenêutica gadameriana, fundamentado no conceito honnethiano de reconhecimento. Foram entrevistadas, em profundidade, dez mães de crianças internadas em Unidade de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal. Resultados: há comprometimentos no processo de reconhecimento materno na unidade e, como desdobramento, surgem sentimentos de obrigação e insegurança para o cuidado do filho e fragilidades na autoestima. Conclusão: as interações com os profissionais de saúde e as normas e protocolos ali existentes promovem vulnerabilidades e comprometem o reconhecimento e a autonomia materna.

  19. Imaging lobular breast carcinoma: comparison of synchrotron radiation DEI-CT technique with clinical CT, mammography and histology

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fiedler, S.; Bravin, A.; Keyriläinen, J.; Fernández, M.; Suortti, P.; Thomlinson, W.; Tenhunen, M.; Virkkunen, P.; Karjalainen-Lindsberg, M.-L.

    2004-01-01

    Different modalities for imaging cancer-bearing breast tissue samples are described and compared. The images include clinical mammograms and computed tomography (CT) images, CT images with partly coherent synchrotron radiation (SR), and CT and radiography images taken with SR using the diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) method. The images are evaluated by a radiologist and compared with histopathological examination of the samples. Two cases of lobular carcinoma are studied in detail. The indications of cancer are very weak or invisible in the conventional images, but the morphological changes due to invasion of cancer become pronounced in the images taken by the DEI method. The strands penetrating adipose tissue are seen clearly in the DEI-CT images, and the histopathology confirms that some strands contain the so-called 'Indian file' formations of cancer cells. The radiation dose is carefully measured for each of the imaging modalities. The mean glandular dose (MGD) for 50% glandular breast tissue is about 1 mGy in conventional mammography and less than 0.25 mGy in projection DEI, while in the clinical CT imaging the MGD is very high, about 45 mGy. The entrance dose of 95 mGy in DEI-CT imaging gives rise to an MGD of 40 mGy, but the dose may be reduced by an order of magnitude, because the contrast is very large in most images.

  20. Infrastrutture e pianificazione paesaggistica nel rinnovato Codice dei Beni culturali e del Paesaggio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Saverio Santangelo

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Le infrastrutture agiscono sul paesaggio con effetti sia diretti, e spazialmente limitati, che indiretti, e non precisamente limitati nello spazio e nel tempo. Gli effetti indiretti, in particolare, riguardano anche le infrastrutture che non vediamo, perché nel sottosuolo, o di cui vediamo solo gli elementi puntuali e materiali di reti prevalentemente immateriali. In quest’ultimo caso si tratta dei sistemi di flusso delle informazioni, che oggi e ancor più in prospettiva, insieme ai sistemi per la produzione locale di energia (segnatamente fotovoltaico ed eolico, rafforzano le tendenze all’indifferenza dei fattori localizzativi di attività e residenze. Tutto questo da un lato consente riduzioni dei suoli impegnati e, per alcuni versi, la stessa salvaguardia del paesaggio (possono ridursi le reti fisiche per il trasporto di energia elettrica e gas, ed esempio, ma dall’altro favorisce nuove domande di suolo a fini urbanizzativi e di infrastrutture, non soltanto stradali, per servire ed accedere alle nuove aree interessate dalla domanda, e quindi comporta altri impatti sul paesaggio.

  1. Atribuições de enfermeiros na orientação de lactantes acerca do aleitamento materno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ariele Londres Mesquita

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available O aleitamento materno exclusivo é um problema mundial de saúde pública. O enfermeiro como educador e promotor da saúde é quem deve orientar as gestantes no pré-natal, puerpério e pós-parto. São inúmeros os benefícios que existem na amamentação, dentre eles a involução uterina de forma acelerada, benefícios para mãe na prevenção de uma nova gestação e benefícios também para o bebê que receberá todos os nutrientes necessários na fase inicial de sua vida. A partir deste pressuposto o estudo tem como objetivo identificar as atribuições do enfermeiro no processo de conscientização do aleitamento materno para com as gestantes. Este estudo constitui em uma revisão integrativa de literatura científica e para coleta dos materiais foram utilizadas as bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS, os Periódicos Capes e o Google Acadêmico; os critérios de inclusão foram indexação de estudos nas respectivas bases de dados; relação direta com os descritores; pesquisas desenvolvidas no Brasil; idiomas de publicação em português; período de publicação compreendido entre 2011 e 2016. A partir dos fatos extraidos entende-se que a falta de orientação sobre aleitamento materno, os cuidados e os benefícios gerados são ainda os principais motivos de desmame precoce; desta forma o enfermeiro tem um papel importante na prevenção e promoção de saúde a estas nutrizes, estratégias devem ser criadas em conjunto com equipes de saúde para diminuir o índice de intercorrências mamarias e consequentemente garantir um período de amamentação adequado sem prejuízos tanto para a mãe quanto para o bebê. Descritores: Aleitamento materno; Amamentação; Enfermeiro.

  2. Zika Virus RNA Replication and Persistence in Brain and Placental Tissue

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rabeneck, Demi B.; Martines, Roosecelis B.; Reagan-Steiner, Sarah; Ermias, Yokabed; Estetter, Lindsey B.C.; Suzuki, Tadaki; Ritter, Jana; Keating, M. Kelly; Hale, Gillian; Gary, Joy; Muehlenbachs, Atis; Lambert, Amy; Lanciotti, Robert; Oduyebo, Titilope; Meaney-Delman, Dana; Bolaños, Fernando; Saad, Edgar Alberto Parra; Shieh, Wun-Ju; Zaki, Sherif R.

    2017-01-01

    Zika virus is causally linked with congenital microcephaly and may be associated with pregnancy loss. However, the mechanisms of Zika virus intrauterine transmission and replication and its tropism and persistence in tissues are poorly understood. We tested tissues from 52 case-patients: 8 infants with microcephaly who died and 44 women suspected of being infected with Zika virus during pregnancy. By reverse transcription PCR, tissues from 32 (62%) case-patients (brains from 8 infants with microcephaly and placental/fetal tissues from 24 women) were positive for Zika virus. In situ hybridization localized replicative Zika virus RNA in brains of 7 infants and in placentas of 9 women who had pregnancy losses during the first or second trimester. These findings demonstrate that Zika virus replicates and persists in fetal brains and placentas, providing direct evidence of its association with microcephaly. Tissue-based reverse transcription PCR extends the time frame of Zika virus detection in congenital and pregnancy-associated infections. PMID:27959260

  3. Prosumer e star dei videogiochi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giuseppe Frazzetto

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available Su molti server di World of Warcraft ci sono toon (“personaggi” pilotati dal giocatore “famosi”. Il caso più significativo è quello di Kungen (cioè “re”, toon del giocatore svedese Thomas Bengtsson, leader prima dei Nihilum poi di un’altra celebre gilda, Ensidia. Questa peculiare fama settoriale è certamente legata alla struttura degli MMORPG, al loro essere basati su una specifica forma di socializzazione. Tuttavia ci si potrebbe chiedere: il giocatore capace di guidare un suo toon fino alla “celebrità” è un “produttore”? Un prosumer? Certo, non è “produttore” del software. Qui è in questione qualcosa di molto diverso.

  4. Human antibodies to the dengue virus E-dimer epitope have therapeutic activity against Zika virus infection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fernandez, Estefania; Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa; Cao, Bin; Scheaffer, Suzanne M; Supasa, Piyada; Wongwiwat, Wiyada; Esakky, Prabagaran; Drury, Andrea; Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip; Moley, Kelle H; Mysorekar, Indira U; Screaton, Gavin R; Diamond, Michael S

    2017-11-01

    The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic has resulted in congenital abnormalities in fetuses and neonates. Although some cross-reactive dengue virus (DENV)-specific antibodies can enhance ZIKV infection in mice, those recognizing the DENV E-dimer epitope (EDE) can neutralize ZIKV infection in cell culture. We evaluated the therapeutic activity of human monoclonal antibodies to DENV EDE for their ability to control ZIKV infection in the brains, testes, placentas, and fetuses of mice. A single dose of the EDE1-B10 antibody given 3 d after ZIKV infection protected against lethality, reduced ZIKV levels in brains and testes, and preserved sperm counts. In pregnant mice, wild-type or engineered LALA variants of EDE1-B10, which cannot engage Fcg receptors, diminished ZIKV burden in maternal and fetal tissues, and protected against fetal demise. Because neutralizing antibodies to EDE have therapeutic potential against ZIKV, in addition to their established inhibitory effects against DENV, it may be possible to develop therapies that control disease caused by both viruses.

  5. Influencia del ejercicio físico aeróbico durante el embarazo en los niveles de hemoglobina y de hierro maternos. (Influence of the physical aerobic exercise during pregnancy in the maternal haemoglobin and iron levels.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    James Stirling

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Son bien conocidos los efectos beneficiosos que el ejercicio físico tiene sobre la salud en general, aunque no se cuenta con la misma información cuando se desarrolla durante el embarazo. La mayor incertidumbre es saber si pueden coexistir ambos procesos, ejercicio y embarazo, sin conflictos materno-fetales y sin resultados del embarazo alterados. Especialmente cuando día a día, son más las mujeres que desean continuar ejercitándose de alguna forma, durante su embarazo. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la influencia del ejercicio físico aeróbico moderado desarrollado durante el segundo y tercer trimestres en los niveles de hemoglobina y de hierro maternos. Material y métodos: Se llevó acabo un estudio experimental que incluyó un total de 142 gestantes. Grupo casos: integrado por 72 mujeres. Grupo control: integrado por 70 mujeres. Los parámetros maternos estudiados fueron: niveles de hierro, nivel de hemoglobina previo al parto, edad gestacional, tipo de parto. Fetales: Peso de nacimiento, talla, perímetro craneal, test de Apgar (1´y 5´. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas a nivel estadístico entre ambos grupos (p menor que 0,05, el grupo de casos (ejercicio presento medias similares en los niveles de hemoglobina: 12.1 ± 0.8 y de hierro: 65.90 ± 7.1; que el grupo de control: hemoglobina: 12.3 ± 0.8 y hierro: 66.42 ± 8.4. El peso de nacimiento fue inferior en el grupo de casos dentro de valores normales (-142.1 grs.. Conclusión: El ejercicio aeróbico moderado desarrollado durante el segundo y tercer trimestre de embarazo parece no alterar los niveles de hierro y hemoglobina maternos. Abstract They are very well-known the beneficial effects that the physical exercise has about the health in general, although it is not had the same information when it refers to a pro- cess of remarkable importance: the pregnancy. The biggest uncertainty is to know if both processes, exercise and pregnancy can

  6. IMMIGRATION AND IDENTITY IN L'ALBERO DEI DESTINI SOSPESI

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    User

    culture-crossed lovers' feelings and fears that intersperse their process of acculturation ultimately result in changes to their self-categorisation and identity. L'albero dei destini .... The absence of women is highly significant in the film, although the .... This is reinforced by the political use of information by the media – see.

  7. Fondamenti di Meccanica e Biomeccanica Meccanica dei corpi rigidi articolati

    CERN Document Server

    Picasso, Bruno

    2013-01-01

    Nel presente volume vengono presentati in forma estesa e rigorosa i principi della Meccanica dei corpi rigidi, il cui apprendimento richiede solo le conoscenze di base della Fisica, studiata nella Scuola Superiore. La quasi totalità delle applicazioni, degli esempi e degli esercizi presentati si riferisce all’analisi del movimento e degli stati di sforzo nel corpo umano. Le applicazioni svolte con Matlab e Simulink richiedono una conoscenza elementare di programmazione in questi ambienti. Nel testo si privilegia l’approccio applicativo, perché la materia rimanga viva nella successiva vita professionale del lettore. Il testo si rivolge principalmente agli studenti dei Corsi di Biomeccanica, professati nei Corsi di Studio di base in Bioingegneria, in Scienze Motorie e nelle Scuole di Specializzazione in Ortopedia. Per l’estensione della materia trattata e per le applicazioni, il testo può essere utilmente adottato anche nei Corsi di Laurea specialistica in Bioingegneria.

  8. Aspetti tributari dei crediti d’impresa contabilizzati secondo gli Ias/Ifrs: prime riflessioni sistematiche

    OpenAIRE

    A. CONTRINO

    2011-01-01

    1. La disciplina dei crediti d’impresa nei principi contabili internazionali. – 1.1. Costo ammortizzato, valore di presumibile realizzo e «perdite da valutazione». – 1.2. Derecognition, «realizzo» ai fini IAS/IFRS e «perdite da cancellazione». – 2. I nuovi termini di rilevanza fiscale dei crediti IAS/IFRS in forza del principio di derivazione «rafforzata». – 2.1. Sui confini dell’area di determinazione dell’imponibile riservata dall’art. 83 ai principi contabili internazionali. – 2.2. Il nuov...

  9. Wisdom of God as Ars Dei Have bl. Augustine: between Neoplatonism and Christianity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fokin Aleksei

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available The article deals with the notion of ars Dei (“art of God” in philosophical and theological thought of St. Augustine of Hippo. It is argued that ars Dei is not only an intelligent design or knowledge which God had with regard to his creation, but also the divine Wisdom and Word of God, in whom exist the eternal and unchangeable forms and reasons of all things, according to which God not only knows, but also creates everything. It is notified, that the notion of ars Dei reflects the Neo-Platonic notion of the universal Intellect (νοDς and also has an affi nity with the concept of the universal Logos, or “designing Logos” (τεχνικOς λMγος, as found in the works of Philo and in those of several Greek Fathers of the Church, as well as is a result of a development of the biblical notions of the Wisdom and Word of God, through whom all things were made. In the same time Augustine’s doctrine is truly without peer in contemporary philosophical and Patristic literature.

  10. Motivação de gestantes para o aleitamento materno Motivating breastfeeding among expectant mothers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sueli Aparecida Moreira Takushi

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Conhecer os motivos de gestantes para o aleitamento materno. MÉTODOS: É um estudo qualitativo realizado com 164 gestantes assistidas no pré-natal em dois Centros de Saúde na região central da cidade de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas sobre motivação para amamentar. As narrativas foram organizadas em planilha eletrônica em busca de categorias. RESULTADOS: As principais categorias identificadas estavam relacionadas à saúde da criança, da mulher e aos benefícios da prática de amamentar e do leite materno. A maioria das mulheres (98,8% foi favorável à amamentação. Benefícios à saúde da criança foi o motivo mais freqüente (73,8%. CONCLUSÃO: A motivação ao aleitamento materno foi centrada nos benefícios à saúde da criança. A amamentação é valorizada independentemente da vontade materna.OBJECTIVE: The present study sought to discover the reasons for expectant mothers to breastfeed. METHODS: This was a qualitative study involving 164 expectant mothers attending prenatal care in two health centers of the city of São Paulo. Semi-structured interviews were done to collect data on the reasons to breastfeed. The information was organized in a spreadsheet to search for categories. RESULTS: The main identified categories regarded the child's and woman's health and the benefits of breastfeeding and breast milk. The majority of the women (98.8% regarded breastfeeding favorably. Benefit to the child's health was the reason mentioned most often (73.8%. CONCLUSION: Motivation to breastfeed was based on benefits to the child's health. Breastfeeding is valued regardless of the mother's will.

  11. La partecipazione dei fedeli laici alla vita pubblica. Testimonianza cristiana, etica pubblica e bene comune nell’insegnamento di Benedetto XVI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabio Franceschi

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available Versione riveduta e ampliata, nel testo e nell’apparato bibliografico, della relazione presentata con il titolo “L’impegno dei fedeli laici nella vita pubblica tra responsabilità propria, libertà e dovere di obbedienza al magistero. L’insegnamento di Benedetto XVI” al Convegno di studi “Il fedele laico: realtà e prospettive”, organizzato dalla Pontificia Università della Santa Croce (7-8 aprile 2011. Il contributo è destinato alla pubblicazione negli Atti del Convegno. SOMMARIO: 1. Considerazioni introduttive. Natura essenzialmente laicale della responsabilità politica - 2. L’intervento della Chiesa nel dibattito pubblico su questioni inerenti alla vita sociale e politica. I principi c.d. non negoziabili - 3. Fondamentale libertà dei fedeli rispetto alle indicazioni della gerarchia in materia temporale – 4. La funzione di orientamento dei pastori della comunità ecclesiale e i confini dell’intervento della stessa – 5. I limiti alla libertà dei fedeli in materia temporale: il rapporto tra libertà e verità e la salvaguardia delle esigenze etiche fondamentali e irrinunciabili per il bene comune e della società – 6. Benedetto XVI e l’invito a una nuova generazione di cattolici impegnati in politica. La difesa della centralità della persona umana come compito primario dei credenti impegnati nel governo della città terrena– 7. (segue L’impegno a favore della promozione di un concetto positivo di laicità, aperto alla Trascendenza − 8. (segue La politica come forma singolare di realizzazione della carità – 9. (segue La dottrina sociale della Chiesa come strumento di formazione essenziale e guida sicura per i fedeli laici impegnati nell’ambito socio-politico – 10. Considerazioni conclusive. Doveri, rispettivi, dello Stato e della Chiesa affinché si conservino, o se necessario si creino le condizioni esterne idonee e necessarie allo svolgimento dei compiti dei christifideles laici nella polis.

  12. Actualización del Programa de Atención Materno Infantil en la disciplina Enfermería

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nora Helena Martínez-Malo Gutiérrez

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: el Programa de Atención Materno Infantil tiene como centro la salud de la mujer, los niños y adolescentes y la planificación familiar entre otros aspectos. Su propósito esencial es contribuir a elevar el nivel de salud y el grado de satisfacción de la población mediante acciones de prevención, promoción, protección y recuperación en la mujer embarazada o no, el niño y adolescente. Objetivo: actualizar el Programa Atención Materno Infantil en la disciplina enfermería. Material y métodos: se realizó una investigación de corte pedagógico, que asume el método dialéctico materialista como rector del proceso de investigación; los métodos del nivel teórico como el histórico-lógico, el sistémico-estructural, el de inducción-deducción y el método de la modelación y los métodos del nivel empírico como el análisis documental, las encuestas y entrevistas, observación al proceso docente de enfermería, además de métodos estadísticos. Resultados: existen dificultades en cuanto a la actualización de los contenidos del Programa de Atención Materno Infantil en la disciplina Enfermería, en función del modelo del profesional; todo lo cual afecta el desarrollo del proceso docente educativo, la adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades en la propia disciplina. Se diseñaron acciones validadas por los expertos para la actualización de estos contenidos. Conclusiones: se diseñaron acciones dirigidas a perfeccionar el proceso docente educativo en la disciplina enfermería, a partir de los contenidos relacionados con el Programa de Atención Materno Infantil desde el punto de vista didáctico y metodológico y de superación profesional.

  13. L’identificazione di virus citopatogeni isolati dall’ambiente:ricerca ed applicazione di protocolli analitici

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Carducci

    2003-05-01

    Full Text Available

    Obiettivi: la ricerca dei virus enterici in matrici ambientali, soprattutto nei reflui urbani, risulta di grande interesse sia per la valutazione del rischio di natura virale sia per compiere studi epidemiologici.

    Lo scopo di questo lavoro è stato l’applicazione parallela di diverse tecniche attualmente in uso in virologia clinica a isolati citopatogeni ambientali al fine di ottenere una precisa identificazione degli agenti rilevati.

    Metodi: sono stati analizzati 21 campioni di aerosol, provenienti da impianti di depurazione di reflui civili a fanghi attivi, e risultati citopatogeni in colture di cellule BGM.

    Dopo una nuova semina in “shell vials”, su tre linee cellulari continue per mettere in evidenza eventuali differenze nello spettro di citopatogenicità. Per l’identificazione degli isolati virali, sono state adottate in parallelo: microscopia elettronica, tecniche biomolecolari di amplificazione genica, elettroforesi su gel di poliacrilamide (PAGE, test immunoenzimatici, sieroneutralizzazione.

    Risultati: la semina in “shell vials” ha confermato la
    presenza di particelle virali infettive in tutti i campioni
    tranne uno; inoltre ha permesso di ridurre il
    tempo di comparsa dell’effetto citopatico a 3-4 giorni
    contro i 6-8 giorni necessari seminando in fiasche.
    La microscopia elettronica ha individuato la presenza
    di particelle enterovirus-simili in 18 dei 21
    campioni e di virioni della famiglia Reoviridae in 8.
    La positività dei campioni è stata ottenuta, inoltre,
    con la RT-PCR, per 2 campioni di enterovirus e 2 di
    reovirus e con la PAGE in 6 campioni. Il presente
    studio ha portato ad un’identificazione sufficientemente
    certa di reovirus in 2 campioni e di enterovirus
    in 1 campione.

    Conclusioni: l’identificazione di isolati ambientali si

  14. La qualità dell'eLearning Un approccio qualitativo per l'analisi dei feedback degli studenti e dei docenti

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrizia Ghislandi

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available La discussione sulla qualità dell'eLearning accademico si sta orientando verso una critica dei modelli di qualità più legati alla produzione industriale, che sono principalmente fondati sulla conformità a standards prestabiliti, i quali a loro volta richiedono generalmente metodi di valutazione quantitativi (Ehlers & Schneckenberg, 2010, Ghislandi, 2008, 2012. In ambito formativo questo implica una visione molto centrata sui risultati (outputs e sull'impatto (outcomes, con scarsa attenzione ai processi. Una visione innovativa della qualità richiede la profonda comprensione di elementi contestuali complessi, delle interazioni e dimensioni relazionali spesso invisibili dagli strumenti quantitativi; e, soprattutto, della generazione di logiche partecipate che aumentino la consapevolezza degli attori coinvolti nei processi che portano alla qualità del modello formativo. In questo lavoro, attraverso la presentazione di uno studio di caso di formazione continua blended, viene introdotto un approccio per il monitoraggio della qualità dell'eLearning. Tale approccio predilige metodologie di analisi qualitativa e partecipata, basate sulla riflessione e  sull’utilizzo di rubric per l’analisi dell’attività formativa. Tale approccio, secondo le autrici, risulta coerente sia dal punto di vista metodologico sia da quello epistemologico, con una nuova visione della qualità come processo continuo di riflessione sulla valutazione dell'esperienza formativa alla scoperta del senso e dei valori portanti della stessa.

  15. Superando o falicismo: sofrimento materno na psicanálise de crianças Superando el falicismo: sufrimiento materno en el psicoanálisis de niños Beyond phallicism: maternal suffering in child psychoanalysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Henriqueta Lúcia Arcoverde de Melo

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Interpreta-se, no contexto da psicanálise de uma criança psicótica, o sofrimento materno e suas implicações nos destinos do tratamento. O sofrimento parental interfere negativamente quando compele à repetição fantasmática de traumatismos cujas mensagens, uma vez intrometidas, não são elaboradas pelos pais. Como demonstra o caso clínico, o falicismo materno e a foraclusão da função paterna não necessariamente estão presentes na geração da psicose. Longe de ser falo, originalmente ao paciente foi atribuído o lugar de substituto de um objeto odiado numa cena traumática vivida na infância materna, responsável pela intromissão de mensagens sexuais em torno de experiências de nascimento e morte, revividas fantasmaticamente no contexto da análise de seu filho.Se interpreta, en el contexto del psicoanálisis de un niño psicótico, el sufrimiento materno y sus implicaciones en los objetivos del tratamiento. El sufrimiento parental interfiere negativamente cuando obliga a la repetición fantasmática de traumatismos cuyos mensajes, una vez entrometidos, no han sido procesados por los padres. Como demuestra el caso clínico, el falicismo materno y la foraclusión de la función paterna no están necesariamente presentes en la generación de la psicosis. Originalmente al paciente le fue atribuido el lugar de sustituto de un objeto odiado en una escena traumática vivida en la infancia materna, responsable por la intromisión de mensajes sexuales acerca de experiencias de nacimiento y muerte, revividas fantasmáticamente en el contexto del análisis de su hijo.The article interprets maternal suffering and its implications on a psychotic child's psychoanalysis. Parental suffering interferes with a child's treatment when it induces the repetition of fantasies generated in traumas whose messages, once intruded, were not worked through by the parents. As the clinical case demonstrates, the mother's phallicism and the foreclosure of the

  16. Proteção do leite materno e ética

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marina Ferreira Rea

    2000-08-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A Organização Mundial da Saúde, em 1981, recomendou aos países a adoção do "Código Internacional de Marketing dos Substitutos do Leite Materno" e o Brasil o traduziu em normas desde 1988. Objetivou-se verificar o cumprimento dessa norma entre empresas que devem obedecê-la, especialmente quanto aos profissionais de saúde. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se pesquisa exploratória com amostragem intencional em 30 cidades brasileiras, entrevistando 95 profissionais de saúde. Descrevem-se os resultados referentes à relação profissional de saúde-companhias comercializadoras de leites infantis. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas práticas promocionais dos produtores de substitutos de leite materno, especialmente com pediatras, que evidenciam conflitos de interesses: o apoio financeiro recebido beneficia o profissional, que passa a ter seu nome ligado aos que apóiam direta ou indiretamente a indústria. DISCUSSÃO: Existe conflito de interesses sempre que um interesse secundário faz com que a atitude profissional se modifique (por exemplo, na metodologia de uma pesquisa, na análise ou na publicação dos resultados, em favor daquele interesse e em detrimento da atitude científica. Tanto o código citado como a Norma Brasileira sobre a Comercialização de Alimentos para Lactentes parecem não ser suficientes para indicar os limites éticos da relação profissional-indústria. Proteger a prática de amamentar dos interesses comerciais passa por políticas públicas que contemplem essas questões.

  17. A musicoterapia pode aumentar os índices de aleitamento materno entre mães de recém-nascidos prematuros: um ensaio clínico randomizado controlado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martha N. S Vianna

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto da musicoterapia nos índices de aleitamento materno entre mães de recém-nascidos prematuros. MÉTODO: Neste ensaio clínico controlado, randomizado e aberto, mães de neonatos prematuros com peso < 1.750 g foram submetidas a sessões de musicoterapia três vezes por semana durante 60 minutos. Os desfechos foram os índices de aleitamento materno na ocasião da alta hospitalar do bebê e em consultas de seguimento (7-15 dias, 30 e 60 dias após a alta. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas 94 mães (48 no grupo da musicoterapia e 46 no grupo controle. O aleitamento materno foi significativamente mais frequente no grupo da musicoterapia na primeira consulta de seguimento [risco relativo (RR = 1,26; intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95% = 1,01-1,57; p = 0,03; número necessário para tratar (NNT = 5,6]. Esse grupo também apresentou índices mais elevados de aleitamento materno na ocasião da alta do bebê (RR = 1,22; IC95% = 0,99-1,51; p = 0,06; NNT = 6,3, e 30 e 60 dias após a alta (RR = 1,21; IC95% = 0,73-5,66; p = 0,13 e RR = 1,28; IC95% = 0,95-1,71; p = 0,09, respectivamente, mas esses resultados não foram estatisticamente significativos. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo demonstrou que a musicoterapia teve efeito significativo no aumento do índice de aleitamento materno entre mães de recém-nascidos prematuros na primeira consulta de seguimento, e uma influência positiva (embora não significativa que se estendeu até 60 dias depois da alta. A musicoterapia pode ser útil para elevar os índices de aleitamento materno entre mães de prematuros.

  18. Strategic solid waste management in cities in Japan; La gestione strategica dei rifiuti solidi nelle citta giapponesi

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tanaka, M. [Okayama Univ. (Japan). Istituto di scienze naturali e tecnologiche

    2005-09-15

    SWM (Solid Waste Management) systems have always been compatible with the societal need at every point of time. In 1950's it was oriented towards maintaining public health standards mainly to control infectious diseases. While in 1970's energy generation was considered as the vital aspect of the system. In 1990's reduction in waste generation and recycling were officially incorporated in the waste management regulation. By enacting basic law in 2000 A.D.; the society is poised to become a recycling based society in its drive towards sustainable society. The document explain the actual solid waste strategic management, and related issues, in Japan. [Italian] Nel corso della storia la gestione dei rifiuti solidi si e sempre resa compatibile con le esigenze della societa espresse in quel determinato momento. Negli anni '50 la gestione era orientata al mantenimento di determinati standard di salute pubblica, principalmente rivolti al controllo della diffusione di malattie infettive, mentre negli anni '70 la produzione di energia dai rifiuti era considerato l'aspetto prioritario per la corretta risoluzione del problema gestionale dei rifiuti. Negli anni '90 la riduzione della produzione dei rifiuti e il loro riciclaggio sono stati inseriti, come principio, nei documenti per la regolamentazione della gestione dei rifiuti solidi. Con l'approvazione di specifiche normative quadro, a partire dai primi anni del 2000, la societa si avvia ad essere una societa basata sul riciclaggio, nel suo cammino verso la sostenibilita. Nel testo si esaminano i principali aspetti strategici della gestione dei rifiuti solidi, e problematiche annesse, in Giappone.

  19. Ripensare l’integrazione attraverso lo sport: la partecipazione sportiva a livello comunitario dei migranti turchi in Francia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    William Gasparini

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Storicamente, la Francia è una terra d’immigrazione già a partire dal XIX secolo, periodo in cui lo sport moderno si è sviluppato. Progressivamente, i migranti e i loro discendenti si sono mescolati nello “creuset français” anche attraverso il contributo che lo sport ha dato all’integrazione sociale di numerosi sportivi migranti. Lo sport (e più particolarmente il calcio si presenta dunque come un terreno di studio particolarmente interessante sia sull’ambito delle espressioni di identità che sulle nuove forme del “vivere insieme”. L’articolo propone di mettere questi aspetti alla prova dei fatti analizzando la pratica sportiva dei migranti turchi, l’ultima grande onda di migranti in Francia e prima comunità di migranti in Europa. I dati empirici raccolti nell’ambito dei club turchi nella regione d’Alsazia (nord-est della Francia mostrano la presenza, chiara, di un raggruppamento comunitario che pone una serie di domande: tali raggruppamenti esistono poiché costretti o derivano da una scelta fatta in senso militante ? Da questo punto di vista, in che modo lo sport permette la loro coesione e la loro integrazione sociale ? Al di là della sola “identità turca” verrà dimostrato che l’esistenza di un club “turco” nell’ambito della società di accoglienza e la partecipazione sportiva a livello comunitario sono legati a dei fattori sociali e politici. Nel mettere in luce le cause sociali dei raggruppamenti sportivi, l’articolo intende inoltre superare l’opposizione classica tra la socializzazione comunitaria e la socializzazione societaria.

  20. Prenatal brain MRI of fetuses with Zika virus infection

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Guillemette-Artur, Prisca [Centre Hospitalier de Polynesie Francaise, Service de Radiologie, Pirae, Tahiti (Country Unknown); Besnard, Marianne [Centre Hospitalier de Polynesie Francaise, Service de Reanimation Neo-natale, Pirae, Tahiti (Country Unknown); Eyrolle-Guignot, Dominique [Centre Hospitalier de Polynesie Francaise, Service d' Obstetrique, Pirae, Tahiti (Country Unknown); Jouannic, Jean-Marie [Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Service de Medecine Foetale, Hopital d' Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris (France); Garel, Catherine [Hopital d' Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Department of Radiology, Paris (France)

    2016-06-15

    An outbreak of Zika virus was observed in French Polynesia in 2013-2014. Maternal Zika virus infection has been associated with fetal microcephaly and severe cerebral damage. To analyze the MRI cerebral findings in fetuses with intrauterine Zika virus infection. We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data. Inclusion criteria comprised cases with (1) estimated conception date between June 2013 and May 2014, (2) available US and MRI scans revealing severe fetal brain lesions and (3) positive polymerase chain reaction for Zika virus in the amniotic fluid. We recorded pregnancy history of Zika virus infection and analyzed US and MRI scans. Three out of 12 cases of severe cerebral lesions fulfilled all inclusion criteria. History of maternal Zika virus infection had been documented in two cases. Calcifications and ventriculomegaly were present at US in all cases. MRI showed micrencephaly (n = 3), low cerebellar biometry (n = 2), occipital subependymal pseudocysts (n = 2), polymicrogyria with laminar necrosis and opercular dysplasia (n = 3), absent (n = 1) or hypoplastic (n = 1) corpus callosum and hypoplastic brainstem (n = 1). Severe cerebral damage was observed in our series, with indirect findings suggesting that the germinal matrix is the principal target for Zika virus. The lesions are very similar to severe forms of congenital cytomegalovirus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections. (orig.)

  1. Prenatal brain MRI of fetuses with Zika virus infection

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guillemette-Artur, Prisca; Besnard, Marianne; Eyrolle-Guignot, Dominique; Jouannic, Jean-Marie; Garel, Catherine

    2016-01-01

    An outbreak of Zika virus was observed in French Polynesia in 2013-2014. Maternal Zika virus infection has been associated with fetal microcephaly and severe cerebral damage. To analyze the MRI cerebral findings in fetuses with intrauterine Zika virus infection. We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data. Inclusion criteria comprised cases with (1) estimated conception date between June 2013 and May 2014, (2) available US and MRI scans revealing severe fetal brain lesions and (3) positive polymerase chain reaction for Zika virus in the amniotic fluid. We recorded pregnancy history of Zika virus infection and analyzed US and MRI scans. Three out of 12 cases of severe cerebral lesions fulfilled all inclusion criteria. History of maternal Zika virus infection had been documented in two cases. Calcifications and ventriculomegaly were present at US in all cases. MRI showed micrencephaly (n = 3), low cerebellar biometry (n = 2), occipital subependymal pseudocysts (n = 2), polymicrogyria with laminar necrosis and opercular dysplasia (n = 3), absent (n = 1) or hypoplastic (n = 1) corpus callosum and hypoplastic brainstem (n = 1). Severe cerebral damage was observed in our series, with indirect findings suggesting that the germinal matrix is the principal target for Zika virus. The lesions are very similar to severe forms of congenital cytomegalovirus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections. (orig.)

  2. Influência regional no consumo precoce de alimentos diferentes do leite materno em menores de seis meses residentes nas capitais brasileiras e Distrito Federal

    OpenAIRE

    Saldiva,Silvia Regina Dias Medici; Venancio,Sonia Isoyama; Gouveia,Ana Gabriela Cepeda; Castro,Ana Lucia da Silva; Escuder,Maria Mercedes Loureiro; Giugliani,Elsa Regina Justo

    2011-01-01

    Objetivou-se avaliar a influência regional no consumo precoce de alimentos diferentes do leite materno em menores de seis meses residentes nas capitais brasileiras. Analisaram-se dados de 18.929 crianças da II Pesquisa de Prevalência de Aleitamento Materno nas Capitais Brasileiras - 2008. As frequências do consumo de chá, sucos, leite artificial e mingau/papa foram calculadas para as capitais das cinco regiões brasileiras. Curvas do consumo foram obtidas pela análise de logitos e estimativas ...

  3. Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Outcomes in Pregnant Dengue Patients in Mexico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Machain-Williams

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available To increase our understanding of the consequences of dengue virus infection during pregnancy, a retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of all completed pregnancies (live births and pregnancy losses at nine public hospitals in the Gulf of Mexico from January to October 2013. Eighty-two patients developed clinical, laboratory-confirmed dengue virus infections while pregnant. Of these, 54 (65.9% patients were diagnosed with dengue without warning signs, 15 (18.3% patients were diagnosed with dengue with warning signs, and 13 (15.9% patients had severe dengue. Five (38.5% patients with severe dengue experienced fetal distress and underwent emergency cesarean sections. Four patients delivered apparently healthy infants of normal birthweight while the remaining patient delivered a premature infant of low birthweight. Patients died of multiple organ failure during or within 10 days of the procedure. Severe dengue was also associated with obstetric hemorrhage (30.8%, four cases, preeclampsia (15.4%, two cases, and eclampsia (7.7%, one case. These complications were less common or absent in patients in the other two disease categories. Additionally, nonsevere dengue was not associated with maternal mortality, fetal distress, or adverse neonatal outcomes. In summary, the study provides evidence that severe dengue during pregnancy is associated with a high rate of fetal distress, cesarean delivery, and maternal mortality.

  4. Peracetic acid as disinfectant of municipal wastewaters; L'acido peracetico nella disinfezione dei reflui urbani

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Funari, E. [Istituto Superiore di Sanita' , Laboratorio di Igiene Ambientale, Reparto di Medicina Ambientale, Rome (Italy); Lopez, A. [Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque, Reparto di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Acque, Bari (Italy)

    2000-09-01

    altri settori tra cui quello alimentare, e' dovuto, diversamente da quanto si verifica con l'uso di altri disinfettanti, alla dichiarata assenza di sottoprodotti pericolosi ed al conseguente mancato aumento di tossicita' dei reflui trattati. Tuttavia, nonostante tali premesse, nel settore dei reflui urbani l'impiego dell'acido peracetico stenta ad affermarsi sia per fattori economici che per la prevedibile diffidenza verso un prodotto relativamente nuovo che cosi' <> la limitata conoscenza, specie se comparata con quella relativa al cloro, della sua reale efficacia germicida nei confronti dei diversi tipi di microrganismi patogeni (batteri, virus, parassiti), delle sue proprieta' eco-tossicologiche, delle sue prestazioni come disinfettante in impianti in piena scala. Il presente lavoro oltre a fornire un'ampia raccolta di riferimenti bibliografici, esamina i dati disponibili sul PAA con particolare riferimento: all'efficacia disinfettante nei confronti dei diversi microrganismi patogeni; alla formazione e tossicita' di sottoprodotti di disinfezione; all'impatto ambientale associato allo scarico di reflui trattati con PAA nei corpi idrici; alle condizioni operative adottate in impianti di dimensioni signficative.

  5. Feto portador de síndrome de turner e tetralogia de fallot associadas à elevação de alfafetoproteína materna Fetal turner syndrome and tetralogy of fallot associated with elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Vieira Neto

    1998-06-01

    Full Text Available A síndrome de Turner fetal e suas complicações, a hidropisia e o higroma cístico, podem produzir alteração dos marcadores bioquímicos de soro materno inicialmente utilizados no rastreamento de síndrome de Down e de defeitos de tubo neural (DTN. Os autores relatam o caso de uma gestante de 37 anos, que foi rastreada para síndrome de Down e DTN no início do 2º trimestre. Foi constatado aumento da alfafetoproteína de soro materno (MSAFP e o rastreamento foi considerado positivo para DTN. Foi realizado exame ultra-sonográfico tridimensional, que não demonstrou nenhuma anormalidade fetal ou placentária, caracterizando o caso como elevação idiopática de MSAFP. No 3º trimestre, a gravidez evoluiu com acentuada oligoidrâmnia e alteração do fluxo uteroplacentário, obrigando à instituição de terapia com corticosteróides e parto cesáreo na 34ª semana gestacional. O concepto do sexo feminino foi encaminhado à UTI neonatal, onde foram diagnosticadas tetralogia de Fallot e síndrome de Turner. Esse caso incentivou os autores a rever a literatura sobre marcadores bioquímicos de soro materno na síndrome de Turner e nas malformações cardíacas congênitas. Ao final, propõe-se um protocolo para elevação idiopática de MSAFP.Turner syndrome and its complications, hydrops and cystic hygroma, can produce alterations in maternal serum biochemical markers used in screening for Down's syndrome and neural tube defects (NTD. The authors report the case of a 37-year-old pregnant woman, screened for Down's syndrome and NTD in the second trimester of pregnancy. The maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP level was increased and the test was considered screen positive for NTD. A three-dimensional ultrasound investigation was performed, but no fetal or placental anomalies were found, indicating a case of unexplained increased msafp. In the third trimester severe oligohydramnios and disturbances in uteroplacental arterial circulation

  6. The Effects of Zika Virus Infection on Fetal Brain and Nervous System Development during Pregnancy%妊娠寨卡病毒感染对胎儿脑/神经系统发育的影响

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    陈嘉雯; 任泰; 倪云翔; 丁之德

    2016-01-01

    In recent years, the Zika virus outbreak is ongoing in South-America, followed by increasing morbidity of neurological disorders, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and congenital microcephaly. By the end of March, 2016, thirty-three countries in America were involved, with suspected cases over 190 000. Besides, imported cases have also been reported in Europe and Asia. The correlation between Zika virus infection during the pregnancy and fetal neurogenesis defects raises global severe concern immediately. The potential mechanism can be divided into two pathways:①The blood-placenta barrier may be penetrated by Zika virus and the virus has a characteristic of neurotropism. Subsequently Zika virus can impair neurogenesis directly. ②Zika virus might disrupt fetal neurogenesis indirectly by other mediators, such as fetal inflammatory cytokines or antibodies in cross-immune response. Although the precise mechanism has not been completely elucidated yet, to review the effects of Zika virus infection in pregnancy on fetal neurogenesis promptly as well as the prevention and control of Zika virus outbreak in our country will have both critical clinical and long-term social significances.%近年来,南美洲寨卡病毒(Zika virus)流行,同时该地区吉兰-巴雷综合征(Guillain-Barré syndrome)、新生儿小头畸形发病率明显升高。截至2016年3月,疫情共波及美洲33个国家和地区,超过19万人疑似感染。另外,欧洲、亚洲诸国也均有输入性病例的报道。妊娠寨卡病毒感染与胎儿神经系统发育异常存在着高度的相关性,这已引起了全球范围的密切关注。寨卡病毒影响胎儿神经系统发育的机制可分为直接和间接两条途径:①寨卡病毒可通过血-胎盘屏障,且病毒具有嗜神经性

  7. Valutazione e mappatura dei servizi culturali nei paesaggi terrazzati. Il caso studio della Costiera Amalfitana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonia Gravagnuolo

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available I paesaggi culturali rappresentano una risorsa fondamentale per lo sviluppo sostenibile. Tra questi, i paesaggi terrazzati sono classificati come paesaggi culturali “evolutivi viventi” (UNESCO, 2012, espressione della storica interrelazione tra uomo e territorio. Attualmente molti paesaggi terrazzati sono considerati a rischio a causa delle mutate condizioni socio-economiche. L’esigenza della conservazione e di una gestione efficace di questo eccezionale patrimonio pone la questione dell’identificazione di funzioni e valori complessi del paesaggio, tenendo conto di bisogni, visioni e preferenze delle comunità locali. Questo studio ha l’obiettivo di identificare valori e servizi del paesaggio terrazzato sulla base della teoria dei servizi ecosistemici. Viene affrontato il tema della valutazione e mappatura dei servizi culturali, con riferimento al paesaggio terrazzato della Costiera Amalfitana in Campania. Le categorie di servizi sono state valutate con il coinvolgimento della comunità locale attraverso un questionario semi-strutturato somministrato online ad un campione di 147 soggetti. L’integrazione tra valutazione multicriterio e analisi spaziale in ambito GIS (Geographic Information System ha condotto alla costruzione di mappe dei servizi culturali che permettono di visualizzare in maniera sintetica le relazioni complesse che legano l’uomo al paesaggio. Gli strumenti di mapping collaborativo (Volunteered Geographic Information – VGI sono stati utilizzati per la costruzione di alcune delle mappe dei servizi culturali, integrando i risultati del questionario con i dati relativi all’esperienza diretta degli utenti.

  8. Fetal echocardiography

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chaubal, Nitin G.; Chaubal, Jyoti

    2009-01-01

    USG performed with a high-end machine, using a good cine-loop facility is extremely helpful in the diagnosis of fetal cardiac anomalies. In fetal echocardiography, the four-chamber view and the outflow-tract view are used to diagnose cardiac anomalies. The most important objective during a targeted anomaly scan is to identify those cases that need a dedicated fetal echocardiogram. Associated truncal and chromosomal anomalies need to be identified. This review shows how fetal echocardiography, apart from identifying structural defects in the fetal heart, can be used to look at rhythm abnormalities and other functional aspects of the fetal heart

  9. Alteraciones en el vínculo materno- infantil: prevalencia, factores de riesgo, criterios diagnósticos y estrategias de evaluación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruma Palacios-Hernández

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available La interacción temprana entre una madre y su bebé durante el primer año de posparto, se centra en la respuesta emocional materna que determina el vínculo materno-infantil, considerado éste un importante mediador en el desarrollo psicosocial del infante. Alteraciones en esta vinculación temprana se asocian a importantes consecuencias en el infante a nivel cognitivo, social, de salud mental y con riesgo de maltrato, abuso infantil y hasta infanticidio. Los factores de riesgo para una alteración en el vínculo materno-infantil incluyen factores de la madre, del bebé, del embarazo, parto y posparto y del ambiente social. El estudio de los aspectos psicosociales de la relación temprana entre una madre y su infante, ha sido de principal interés en países desarrollados; sin embargo, en Latinoamérica la investigación es aún muy escasa. En la presente revisión se exploran las características del vínculo materno-infantil, sus factores de riesgo y consecuencias negativas más asociadas, así como una identificación de las estrategias de evaluación más usadas en diferentes países. La detección temprana de una problemática del vínculo materno-infantil es una estrategia fundamental para diseñar intervenciones de salud específicas y pertinentes que disminuyan las consecuencias adversas y promuevan el bienestar de la diada madre-bebé y su ámbito familiar.

  10. Valutazione della qualitá dei dati in uno studio post marketing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D. D’Alessandro

    2003-05-01

    Full Text Available

    Obiettivo: misurare l'affidabilita nella segnalazione
    di eventi avversi a vaccino nell'ambito di uno studio post-marketing sulla tollerabilita della vaccinazione antipneumococcica (AP in associazione con la vaccinazione antinfluenzale (AI nella popolazione anziana.


    Metodi: e stato predisposto un modello di regressione
    logistica per stimare gli OR tra la segnalazione di almeno un effetto collaterale locale (y ed alcune variabili individuali dei vaccinati (x1: eta .75 anni; x2: sesso; x3: allergie; x4: associazione AI+AP; x5: vivere solo; x6: patologie croniche. I medici aderenti al progetto (229 sono stati stratificati in cinque categorie in funzione dellfincidenza media di eventi avversi da loro registrata: 0% (29, 1-5%
    (68, 6-10% (50, 11-50% (72, .50% (10. Lo stesso modello di regressione e stato applicato ai quattro
    sotto-gruppi di vaccinati afferenti alle categorie di medici che hanno segnalato sintomi, per valutare la coerenza degli OR registrati nei gruppi.

    Risultati: tra i 29.086 vaccinati, l'f11,3% (3.278 ha segnalato almeno un evento avverso locale nelle
    72 ore successive alla vaccinazione: 9,9% tra i soggetti vaccinati con AI e 13,9% tra i vaccinati con
    AI+AP. I fattori significativamente associati all'faumento di rischio sono: AI+AP (OR 1,4; allergie (OR 1,3; patologie croniche (OR 1,3. L' applicazione del modello di regressione ai sotto-gruppi di vaccinati ha mostrato un trend negli OR per le categorie di medici che hanno segnalato dall'f1-5% fino all'f11- 50%, mostrando un'effettiva differenza di rischio dei pazienti.

    Tale coerenza non si e evinta nell'ultima categoria (.50%, dove tali fattori appaiono addiritura protettivi nei riguardi dei sintomi (AI+AP: OR 0,5; allergie: OR 0,7, o non associati
    (patologie croniche: OR 1,0.

    Conclusioni: il 4,3% dei medici arruolati nello studio (10 su 229 ha

  11. Tendências temporais e fatores associados à duração do aleitamento materno em Pernambuco Tendencias temporales y factores asociados a la duración del amamantamiento materno en Pernambuco, Noreste de Brasil Time trends and factors associated with breastfeeding in the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria de Fátima Costa Caminha

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar as tendências temporais de duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo e os fatores de proteção. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas as prevalências de amamentação total e o aleitamento materno exclusivo de lactentes aos quatro meses de idade. Os dados foram obtidos de inquéritos populacionais realizados em 1991, 1997 e 2006, com 935, 2.081 e 1.568 crianças, respectivamente. Os dados foram coletados por entrevista realizada com o responsável pela criança. As prevalências foram analisadas por regressão de Poisson em relação a: condições ambientais, comportamentais e socioeconômicas, variáveis maternas e fatores biológicos da criança. RESULTADOS: A duração mediana do aleitamento total elevou-se de 89 dias (1991 para 106 dias (1997 e, finalmente, 183 dias (2006. A mediana do aleitamento materno exclusivo manteve-se estacionária em torno de 30 dias entre 1997 e 2006. Na análise multivariada, das dez variáveis analisadas, apenas a escolaridade e idade maternas, situação do domicílio e a criança ser do sexo feminino se mantiveram no modelo explicativo final. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar do aleitamento total ter tido importante aumento de duração, o mesmo não ocorreu com a duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo.OBJETIVO: Analizar las tendencias temporales de duración del amamantamiento materno exclusivo y los factores de protección. MÉTODOS: Fueron analizadas las prevalencias de amamantamiento total y el amamantamiento materno exclusivo de lactantes a los cuatro meses de edad. Los datos fueron obtenidos de pesquisas poblacionales realizadas en 1991, 1997 y 2006, con 935, 2.081 y 1.568 niños, respectivamente. Los datos fueron colectados por entrevista realizada con el responsable del niño. Las prevalencias fueron analizadas por regresión de Poisson en relación a: condiciones ambientales, de comportamiento y socioeconómicas, variables maternas y factores biológicos del niño. RESULTADOS: La duración mediana

  12. Diagnosis, treatment and long-term outcome in fetal hydrocephalus

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yamasaki, Mami; Nonaka, Masahiro; Bamba, Yohei; Teramoto, Chika; Ban, Chiaki; Pooh, Ritsuko

    2011-01-01

    The objective of this study was to evaluate the method of prenatally estimating an appropriate clinical outcome in fetal hydrocephalus. Retrospective study, single institute (Osaka National Hospital). Hundred and seventeen cases with fetal hydrocephalus treated at Osaka National Hospital from 1992 to 2010 were analysed. Of the 117 cases analysed, 38% are diagnosed as isolated ventriculomegaly (IVM), 51% as other types of malformation (30 cases of myelomeningocele, 4 cases of holoprosencephaly, 4 of Dandy Walker syndrome, 10 of arachnoid cyst and 6 of encephalocele etc.) and 11% as secondary hydrocephalus. They are diagnosed between 17 and 40 weeks of gestation (average 27 weeks), 17% diagnosed between 17 and 21 weeks, 30% between 22 and 27 weeks and 53% after 28 weeks. With the exception of 9 aborted cases and 30 unknown cases too young to be evaluated or lost due to lack of follow-up, final outcome was analyzed in 78 cases. Of these 78 cases, 15% died in utero or after birth, 23% showed severe retardation, 17% moderate retardation, 26% mild retardation, and 19% showed good outcome. Long term consequences were mostly influenced by basic disease and accompanied anomalies. Hydrocephalus associated with arachnoid cyst, atresia of Monro, corpus callosum agenesis and hydrocephalus due to fetal intracranial hemorrhage are categorized in the good outcome group. On the other hand, holoprosencephaly, hydrocephalus associated with encephalocele, syndromic hydrocephalus and hydrocephalus due to fetal virus infection are categorized in the poor outcome group. In order to accurate diagnosis and proper counseling, establishment of diagnosis protocol and treatment policy for fetal hydrocephalus including not only fetal sonography, fetal MRI, toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex (TORCH) screening test but also chromosomal and gene testing is required. (author)

  13. Aleitamento materno: instintivo? Natural? O paradigma biológico x os direitos reprodutivos em discussão

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kátia Fernanda Alves Moreira

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste ensaio foi refletir sobre a naturalização do aleitamento, inserindo o campo da amamentação na esfera dos direitos da mulher, procurando desconstruir o paradigma que biologiza o corpo feminino para as funções maternas, em especial para a amamentação, à luz dos direitos reprodutivos. Na discussão salientamos a importância das ações de incentivo ao aleitamento materno estarem embasadas na noção de direitos reprodutivos, o que permitirá aos profissionais de saúde compreenderem os significados da amamentação no marco de vida da mulher e de seu cotidiano. Propomos no final que os direitos reprodutivos direcionem as ações de incentivo ao aleitamento materno desenvolvidas pelos profissionais de saúde, na perspectiva de resgatar a visibilidade da mulher enquanto sujeito principal desta prática.

  14. Autopsy and Postmortem Studies Are Concordant: Pathology of Zika Virus Infection Is Neurotropic in Fetuses and Infants With Microcephaly Following Transplacental Transmission.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schwartz, David A

    2017-01-01

    -Pathology studies have been important in concluding that Zika virus infection occurring in pregnant women can result in vertical transmission of the agent from mother to fetus. Fetal and infant autopsies have provided crucial direct evidence that Zika virus can infect an unborn child, resulting in microcephaly, other malformations, and, in some cases, death. -To better understand the etiologic role and mechanism(s) of Zika virus in causing birth defects such as microcephaly, this communication analyzes the spectrum of clinical and autopsy studies reported from fetuses and infants who developed intrauterine Zika virus infection, and compares these findings with experimental data related to Zika virus infection. -Retrospective analysis of reported clinical, autopsy, pathology, and related postmortem studies from 9 fetuses and infants with intrauterine Zika virus infection and microcephaly. -All fetuses and infants examined demonstrated an overlapping spectrum of gross and microscopic neuropathologic abnormalities. Direct cytopathic effects of infection by the Zika virus were confined to the brain; in cases where other organs were evaluated, no direct viral effects were identified. -There is concordance of the spectrum of brain damage, reinforcing previous data indicating that the Zika virus has a strong predilection for cells of the fetal central nervous system following vertical transmission. The occurrence of additional congenital abnormalities suggests that intrauterine brain damage from Zika virus interferes with normal fetal development, resulting in fetal akinesia. Experimental in vitro and in vivo studies of Zika virus infection corroborate the human autopsy findings of neural specificity.

  15. Fetal magnetic resonance: technique applications and normal fetal anatomy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Martin, C.; Darnell, A.; Duran, C.; Mellado, F.; Corona, M

    2003-01-01

    Ultrasonography is the preferred diagnostic imaging technique for intrauterine fetal examination. Nevertheless, circumstances sometimes dictate the use of other techniques in order to analyze fetal structures. The advent of ultra rapid magnetic resonance (MR) sequencing has led to the possibility of doing MR fetal studies, since images are obtained in an extradordiarily short time and are not affected by either maternal or fetal movements. It does not employ ionizing radiations, it provides high-contrast images and it can obtain such images in any plane of space without being influenced by either the child bearer's physical characteristics of fetal position. MR provides good quality images of most fetal organs. It is extremely useful in analysing distinct structures, as well as permitting an evaluation of cervical structures, lungs, diaphragms, intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal structures, and fetal extremities. It can also provide useful information regarding the placenta,umbilical cord, amniotic fluid and uterus. The objective of this work is to describe MR technique as applied to intrauterine fetal examination, and to illustrate normal fetal anatomy as manifested by MR and its applications. (Author) 42 refs

  16. Hígado graso agudo del embarazo: tres primeros casos en el Hospital Materno Infantil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ariel I. Ruiz Parra

    1986-01-01

    Full Text Available We present three cases of acute fatty liver during pregnancy studied at the Hospital Materno Infantil of Bogotá; clinical laboratory and pathological results are discussed and knowledge and hypothesis about the disease entity are resumend, emphasiying the need to consider this diagnostic option when studying icteric patients during the third pregnancy trimester since instauration of support mea sures could contribute to a better prognosis.

  17. La gestione dei flussi turistici tramite sistemi di trasporto innovativi: l’esempio di Perugia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonardo Naldini

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available La città di Perugia ha, fin dagli anni ’70, unito alla sua capacità di attrazione turistica, dovuta al patrimonio storico ambientale plurimillenario, una volontà di affrontare il tema della mobilità urbana in maniera profondamente innovativa ed ambientalmente sostenibile. Il concetto della creazione di parcheggi di attestazione, serviti da percorsi meccanizzati di risalita verso l’acropoli, è stato recentemente ampliato dalla creazione del Minimetro, mezzo di trasporto innovativo, dal ridottissimo impatto ambientale, che unisce in soli 12 minuti, con un servizio semicontinuo, l’area di valle di Pian di Massiano, dotata di un capace parcheggio da circa 2800 posti auto, al centro cittadino, servendo diversi quartieri urbani. Tale sistema di trasporto, corridoio forte del trasporto pubblico urbano, ha fornito lo spunto per attuare una nuova modalità di gestione dei flussi turistici, che individua nel Minimetro la modalità principale di accesso al centro storico sia per i gruppi a numero ridotto, sia per i gruppi organizzati in arrivo con i bus turistici. L’organizzazione della mobilità turistica che ne è derivata costituisce un ulteriore passo in avanti lungo quell’itinerario di gestione della città che cerca di coniugare l’attrattiva turistica, con le sue ricadute in termini di crescita economica, e la salvaguardia del patrimonio storico artistico e della qualità della vita dei cittadini. Gli scenari futuri vedono un’iniezione di tecnologia in questo contesto, con l’introduzione nella gestione dei flussi turistici dei concetti di accreditamento, dell’infomobilità come supporto alle politiche urbane, del controllo unito alla fornitura di servizi georeferenziati.

  18. Estrés Materno y Configuración Familiar: Estudio comparativo en Familias Chilenas Monoparentales y Nucleares de bajos ingresos / Maternal Stress and Family Constitution: Comparative Study on Chilean, Single-Mother and Nuclear, Low-Income Families

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcia Olhaberry

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Los estudios sobre estrés materno durante la crianza infantil han considerado variables contextuales para explicarlo. El nivel socioeconómico, así como la configuración familiar han sido variables relevantes, asociándose monoparentalidad en familias de bajos ingresos a mayores niveles de estrés materno. Se estudian los niveles de estrés materno en familias chilenas nucleares y monoparentales de N.S.E. bajo, considerando el estrés en distintas dimensiones, asociado al rol materno, a la interacción madre-hijo(a y a la percepción de dificultades en el niño(a percibidas por la madre. Se estudia un total de 169 diadas, 80 pertenecientes a familias monoparentales y 89 pertenecientes a familias nucleares con niños(as entre los 4 y 15 meses de edad. Se evaluaron los niveles de estrés materno con el Parental Stress Index, versión abreviada, desarrollado por R. Abidin (1995. Los resultados muestran niveles de estrés significativamente más altos en las madres pertenecientes a familias monoparentales en el estrés asociado al rol materno, a la percepción del niño(a como difícil y en el estrés total.

  19. Analysis of fetal movements by Doppler actocardiogram and fetal B-mode imaging.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maeda, K; Tatsumura, M; Utsu, M

    1999-12-01

    We have presented that fetal surveillance may be enhanced by use of the fetal actocardiogram and by computerized processing of fetal motion as well as fetal B-mode ultrasound imaging. Ultrasonic Doppler fetal actogram is a sensitive and objective method for detecting and recording fetal movements. Computer processing of the actograph output signals enables powerful, detailed, and convenient analysis of fetal physiologic phenomena. The actocardiogram is a useful measurement tool not only in fetal behavioral studies but also in evaluation of fetal well-being. It reduces false-positive, nonreactive NST and false-positive sinusoidal FHR pattern. It is a valuable tool to predict fetal distress. The results of intrapartum fetal monitoring are further improved by the antepartum application of the actocardiogram. Quantified fetal motion analysis is a useful, objective evaluation of the embryo and fetus. This method allows monitoring of changes in fetal movement, as well as frequency, amplitude, and duration. Furthermore, quantification of fetal motion enables evaluation of fetal behavior states and how these states relate to other measurements, such as changes in FHR. Numeric analysis of both fetal actogram and fetal motion from B-mode images is a promising application in the correlation of fetal activity or behavior with other fetal physiologic measurements.

  20. Image quality dependence on thickness of sliced rat kidney taken by a simplest DEI construction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Gang; Chen Zhihua; Wu Ziyu; Ando, M.; Pan Lin; Wang, J.Y.; Jiang, X.M.

    2005-01-01

    The excised rat kidney slices were investigated using a simplified diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) configuration with only two crystals: the first one working as monochromator and the second one working as analyzer in the Bragg geometry that was developed at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF). Many fine anatomic structures of the sliced rat kidneys with thickness of 2mm and 120μm can be distinguished clearly in the DEI images that were obtained at the shoulder of a rocking curve. The authors would like to emphasize that the thick and thin slices DEI provides very different images; in the thick sample only the structure with the big density gradient or that near the surface where X-ray comes out can be distinguished, while in the thin ones some fine structures, which can not be distinguished at the thick sample under the same condition, can be seen very clearly. The reason related with the counteraction of δ(x,y,z) gradient in the integral process along the X-ray path inside the thick sample is discussed

  1. Image quality dependence on thickness of sliced rat kidney taken by a simplest DEI construction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li Gang [Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Yuquan Rd. No 19, Beijing 100039 (China)]. E-mail: lig@ihep.ac.cn; Chen Zhihua [China-Japan Friendship Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Yinghua Rd., Beijing 100029 (China); Wu Ziyu [Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Yuquan Rd. No 19, Beijing 100039 (China); Ando, M. [Photon Factory, KEK, Oho 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801 (Japan); Pan Lin [China-Japan Friendship Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Yinghua Rd., Beijing 100029 (China); Wang, J.Y. [Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Yuquan Rd. No 19, Beijing 100039 (China); Jiang, X.M. [Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Yuquan Rd. No 19, Beijing 100039 (China)

    2005-08-11

    The excised rat kidney slices were investigated using a simplified diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) configuration with only two crystals: the first one working as monochromator and the second one working as analyzer in the Bragg geometry that was developed at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF). Many fine anatomic structures of the sliced rat kidneys with thickness of 2mm and 120{mu}m can be distinguished clearly in the DEI images that were obtained at the shoulder of a rocking curve. The authors would like to emphasize that the thick and thin slices DEI provides very different images; in the thick sample only the structure with the big density gradient or that near the surface where X-ray comes out can be distinguished, while in the thin ones some fine structures, which can not be distinguished at the thick sample under the same condition, can be seen very clearly. The reason related with the counteraction of {delta}(x,y,z) gradient in the integral process along the X-ray path inside the thick sample is discussed.

  2. La misurazione dei processi di regolazione cognitiva e metacognitiva durante lo studio con gli ipermedia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roger Azevedo

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available L’apprendimento autoregolato rappresenta una modalità di apprendimento di fondamentale importanza quando ci si avvale del supporto di ambienti ipermediali. Obiettivo di questo articolo è presentare quattro assunzioni chiave che consentono la misurazione dei processi cognitivi e metacognitivi attivati durante l’apprendimento tramite ipermedia. Innanzi tutto, assumiamo che sia possibile individuare, tracciare, modellare e favorire processi di apprendimento auto-regolato durante lo studio con gli ipermedia. La seconda assunzione si focalizza sul comprendere come la complessità dei processi regolatori che avvengono durante l’apprendimento mediato da sistemi ipermediali sia importante per determinare il perché alcuni processi vengono messi in atto durante l’esecuzione di un compito. Le terza assunzione è relativa al considerare che l’utilizzo di processi di apprendimento auto-regolato possa dinamicamente cambiare nel tempo e che tali processi sono di natura ciclica (influenzati dalle condizioni interne ed esterne e da meccanismi di feedback. Infine, l’identificazione, raccolta e classificazione dei processi di apprendimento autoregolato utilizzati durante lo studio con sistemi ipermediali, può risultare un compito alquanto difficoltoso.

  3. Efectos del bajo peso materno preconcepcional sobre el embarazo y el parto

    OpenAIRE

    López Montero, Maribel; Trufero Cánovas, Norma

    2006-01-01

    Se realizó un estudio de cohorte no concurrente pareado 1:1 para investigar los efectos del bajo peso materno preconcepcional (malnutrición materna por defecto) sobre el embarazo, el parto y el recién nacido en el Policlínico Finlay del municipio Camagüey desde octubre de 2002 hasta abril de 2004. Fueron estudiadas 51 gestantes malnutridas por defecto y 51 embarazadas sin riesgo. Los datos fueron tomados a partir de los registros oficiales de la atención perinatal complementados con una encue...

  4. Validez del tacto materno en el reconocimiento de fiebre en niños menores de 36 meses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Velásquez-Espíritu

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar la validez del tacto materno como método de detección de la presencia o no de fiebre en los niños. Material y métodos: Se seleccionaron por conveniencia a 269 madres y sus respectivos niños menores de 36 meses que acudieron al Servicio de Emergencias Pediátricas del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia por cualquier molestia. Se preguntó a las madres si su niño presentaba fiebre o no (detectado por tacto, y luego se procedió con la medición de la temperatura rectal de cada niño. Resultados: Se incluyeron 269 participantes. El tacto materno para la detección de fiebre tuvo una sensibilidad de 79,3% (69,6% a 86,5%, especificidad 91,8% (86,8% a 94,9%, VPP 82,1% (72,6% a 88,9% y VPN 90,3% (85,1% a 93,8%; el likelihood ratio positivo fue 9,62 (5,86 a 15,81 y el likelihood ratio negativo fue 0,23 (0,15 a 0,34. La correlación (índice Kappa de fiebre o no fiebre determinada por la madre y la medida por termómetro fue de 0,72 (p:0,0000. Conclusiones: Las madres tienen una buena capacidad discriminativa en la determinación de la presencia o ausencia de fiebre mediante la palpación, por lo que la detección de fiebre por tacto materno es un eficiente método de despistaje.(Rev Med Hered 2010;21:175-179

  5. Intrapartum fetal heart rate profiles with and without fetal asphyxia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Low, J A; Pancham, S R; Worthington, D N

    1977-04-01

    Fetal heart rate profiles for periods up to 12 hours prior to delivery have been reviewed in 515 patients with a fetus at risk. Mechanisms other than fetal asphyxia will cause fetal heart rate decelerations, and fetal asphyxia may in some instances develop in the absence of total or late decelerations. However, an increasing incidence of total decelerations and late decelerations and particularly a marked pattern of total decelerations and late decelerations are of value in the prediction of fetal asphyxia. Fetal heart rate deceleration patterns can predict the probability of fetal asphyxia at the time of initial intervention, while a progression of fetal heart rate deceleration patterns in the individual fetus can be of assistance in the subsequent scheduling of serial acid-base assessments during labor.

  6. [Materno-fetal acid-base equilibrium evaluation in parturients submitted to ketamine anesthesia (author's transl)].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mauad Filho, F; Meirelles, R S

    1975-01-01

    In the present work ketamine was used as anesthetic during the labor in order to evaluate the effect of this anesthetic on the binominal fetus-mother. Two groups of parturients and their fetuses, were studied: 1) The experimental group, with 22 parturients and their fetuses submitted to ketamine anesthesia during the labord, and 2) The control group, with 20 parturients and their fetuses without any analgesic treatment during the labor. In 20 cases of the experimental group the anesthetic was injected during the delivery labor and the other two just before it. It were evaluated in the mother's blood the biochemical parameters of the acid-base balance and others collateral effects of the anesthesia; on the fetus's side the same parameters also and the cardiac frequency. The newborn were evaluated by Apgar Score during the first and fifth minutes of life. The incidence of the spontaneous delivery in the experimental group, was 78%; in 22% of these patients the forceps of relief was used. In 22 cases in which Ketamine was applied it were observed, the following events: elevation of the blood pressure (50%), perineum rigidness (18%), dreams and or hallucinations (18%), increase of the cardiac frequency (9%), apneia (4%) and nausea (4%). It was also observed an increase of uterine tonus an abolishment of abdominal press during the delivery labor, studied through the uterine electromyography register. It was noted after the Ketamine application a fall in the pH of the maternal peripherical venous blood, fetal skull blood and the pH of the blood of the umbilical vein. 22% of the newborns, from the experimental group, presented a depression in the first minute of life (Apgar less than or equals to 6). The pCO2 values in the blood of the umbilical artery were higher in the experimental group than in the control one.

  7. A maior dor do mundo: o luto materno em uma perspectiva fenomenológica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joanneliese Lucas de Freitas

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho busca refletir sobre a vivência do luto materno na sociedade brasileira contemporânea, a partir da perspectiva fenomenológico-existencial. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa com três mães enlutadas. Utilizou-se o método fenomenológico de entrevistas, com uso de pergunta disparadora. A análise dos dados seguiu os quatro passos metodológicos de Giorgi. O relato das mães evidenciou diferentes temáticas, descritas por meio de dez elementos constituintes da vivência de luto materno, a saber: dor; perda de um modo de existir; espiritualidade; culpa; perda do sentido do mundo-da-vida; vontade de morrer; fragmentação dos laços afetivos; engajamento em projetos relacionados ao filho; perpetuação da memória do filho; estreitamento de laços com pessoas significativas para o morto. Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa indicam que, embora o luto se modifique ao longo do tempo, a perda de um filho jamais é superada, sendo este sofrimento compreendido não mais como uma condição patológica, mas como especificidades a serem compreendidas.

  8. Prenatal brain MRI of fetuses with Zika virus infection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guillemette-Artur, Prisca; Besnard, Marianne; Eyrolle-Guignot, Dominique; Jouannic, Jean-Marie; Garel, Catherine

    2016-06-01

    An outbreak of Zika virus was observed in French Polynesia in 2013-2014. Maternal Zika virus infection has been associated with fetal microcephaly and severe cerebral damage. To analyze the MRI cerebral findings in fetuses with intrauterine Zika virus infection. We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data. Inclusion criteria comprised cases with (1) estimated conception date between June 2013 and May 2014, (2) available US and MRI scans revealing severe fetal brain lesions and (3) positive polymerase chain reaction for Zika virus in the amniotic fluid. We recorded pregnancy history of Zika virus infection and analyzed US and MRI scans. Three out of 12 cases of severe cerebral lesions fulfilled all inclusion criteria. History of maternal Zika virus infection had been documented in two cases. Calcifications and ventriculomegaly were present at US in all cases. MRI showed micrencephaly (n = 3), low cerebellar biometry (n = 2), occipital subependymal pseudocysts (n = 2), polymicrogyria with laminar necrosis and opercular dysplasia (n = 3), absent (n = 1) or hypoplastic (n = 1) corpus callosum and hypoplastic brainstem (n = 1). Severe cerebral damage was observed in our series, with indirect findings suggesting that the germinal matrix is the principal target for Zika virus. The lesions are very similar to severe forms of congenital cytomegalovirus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections.

  9. Status sulle conoscenze dei mammiferi molisani

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nicola Norante

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available Il Molise risulta poco studiato dal punto di vista teriologico e, per colmare almeno in parte tale lacuna, il GMSO si è proposto di raccogliere dati bibliografici e inediti e promuovere qualche progetto. Si riportano sinteticamente dati relativi ad alcune specie. Sciurus vulgaris risulta comune in Prov. di Isernia, più localizzato in quella di Campobasso, presente nelle riserve MAB, nel Parco Naz. d?Abruzzo, Matese e Venafrano, nei pressi della zona ospedaliera di Campobasso ed anche al centro del capoluogo. Hystrix cristata, segnalata fino agli anni anni ?60 a Campomarino è stata trovata di recente (aculei in Alto Molise, sporadiche le segnalazioni nell?agro di S. Croce di Magliano-Colletorto (CB. Canis lupus ha recentemente allargato il suo areale raggiungendo anche siti in collina (per l?immissione dei Daini. Presente oltre che nel PNA, in tutta la Prov. di Isernia, Matese, montagna di Frosolone fino a Castropignano-Casalciprano. Preoccupante invece il randagismo canino verso il quale è auspicabile prendere dei provvedimenti. Ursus arctos è in aumento con massimi in Val di Mezzo, Val Fiorita, Val Pagana, M .te Marrone ed in tutto il gruppo delle Mainarde; fuori dal PNA è sempre più frequente: Matese, Carpinone e recentemente (27.04.03 una coppia in Valle del Sangro a S. Angelo in Pesco (IS. Nel 1995 una femmina è stata investita dal treno nei pressi di Carpinone (IS. Lutra lutra invece è diminuita rispetto al passato. La si incontrava fino agli anni ?70/80 fino alla foce dei fiumi Trigno, Biferno e T. Saccione. Attualmente è segnalata in prov. di Isernia (es. Venafrano, Matese, Montagna di Frosolone. Felis silvestris è presente soprattutto in Prov. di Isernia dove è segnalato in 38 Comuni. In quella di Campobasso appare più localizzato a nord e nel Matese. Riguardo Lynx lynx pare che qualche soggetto sia stato osservato nell?area limitrofa al P.N.A. dove è stata

  10. Costos de la analgesia epidural de parto. Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal. Enero 2006

    OpenAIRE

    Arias Lazarte, Silvia E.; Montes Ruiz, Celina H.; Arias Lazarte, Gladys C.

    2010-01-01

    Objetivo: Determinar el costo unitario y el costo operacional, para identificar los elementos y más importantes variables. Material y método: Diseño: retrospectivo, descriptivo y transversal. Los pacientes fueron 53 mujeres en trabajo de parto. Ellas reciberon analgesia epidural en enero de 2006 en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal INMP. El instrumento utilizado fue una encuesta para analizar los costos. Los tipos de costos fueron calculados por la metodología del sistema de"información...

  11. Prevalência do aleitamento materno em recém-nascidos de baixo peso Prevalence of breast feeding of low birthweight infants

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César C. Xavier

    1991-10-01

    Full Text Available Estudou-se de forma longitudinal e prospectiva a duração do aleitamento materno no primeira ano de vida de 222 crianças nascidas com peso menor ou igual a 2.500 gramas no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (Brasil, no período de outubro de 1985 a setembro de 1986. A incidência do aleitamento materno foi de 86,5%. A prevalência encontrada para as crianças que foram amamentadas foi de 62,5% aos 3 meses, 38,5% aos 6 meses, 28,7% aos 9 meses e 25,0% aos 12 meses de vida. A mediana da duração do aleitamento materno foi de 4 meses. O peso ao nascer mostrou associação positiva com a incidência e duração do aleitamento materno, O nível de escolaridade materno associou-se positivamente com sua duração. A idade materna, situação conjugal e o número de consultas pré-natais não apresentaram associação com o aleitamento materno. Estes dados mostram índices menores em relação aos de populações de países desenvolvidos, em especial os pré-termos finlandeses nascidos com peso menor do que 1.500 gramas. Programas de ações envolvendo a comunidade e/ou instituições devem resultar em melhoria de nossos índices, se bem implementados.The present situation regarding the breast feeding of children born with a weight of 2,500 grammes or less (LWB at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Medical School of the Universidade de S. Paulo in Ribeirão Preto (Brazil was studied. The study was descriptive and the data were obtained through a longitudinal follow-up carried over the period from October 1985 to September 1986 inclusive. Of the 222 children included in the study, 30 (13.5% infants were not breastfed. Thus the incidence of breast feeding among this population was of 86.5%. At 3 months 62.5% of these infants were still being breastfed. At 6 months this figure fell to 38.5% and only 25.0% were still being breast-fed at the end of 12 months. The average duration of breast feeding for the 192 children that

  12. Understanding Zika virus pathogenesis: an interview with Catherine Spong

    OpenAIRE

    Spong, Catherine Y.

    2016-01-01

    A recent outbreak of Zika virus has been linked to fetal abnormalities in pregnant women who have been infected. The scientific community is working toward understanding Zika virus pathogenesis to better manage affected women and children. In an interview with Dr. Catherine Spong, we discuss the aims and challenges of a forthcoming longitudinal study of a cohort of pregnant women in areas of current active Zika virus transmission.

  13. Conference Held at the Centro Linceo Interdisciplinare, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei

    CERN Document Server

    1980-01-01

    The idea of organizing a symposium on mathematical models in biology came to some colleagues, members of the Accademia dei Lincei, in order to point out the importance of mathematics not only for supplying instruments for the elaboration and the evaluation of experimental data, but also for discussing the possibility of developing mathematical formulations of biological problems. This appeared particularly appropriate for genetics, where mathematical models have been of historical importance. When the organizing work had started, it became clear to us that the classic studies of Vito Volterra (who was also a Member of the Academy and its President from 1923 to 1926) might be con­ sidered a further reason to have the meeting in Rome at the Accademia dei Lincei; thus the meeting is dedicated to his memory. Biology, in its manifold aspects proved to Se ~ difficult object for an exhaustive approach; thus it became necessary for practical reasons to make a choice of problems. Therefore not all branches of biology...

  14. La costellazione dei generi: forme letterarie e modi del discorso nel pensiero di Paul Ricœur

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Talamo

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Il pensiero filosofico di Ricœur si è sviluppato attraverso un costante e proficuo confronto con le diverse forme della letteratura antica e moderna. Con una carrellata attraverso i testi del filosofo e quelli dei principali interpreti della sua riflessione, si ricostruisce la trama significativa dei nessi tra filosofia e generi letterari: questi offrono al pensiero ricoeuriano la possibilità di «pensare di più» i nodi etici del campo filosofico.

  15. Augustinus' geschrift 'De stad van God' (De ciuitate Dei): Een ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Test

    7 juni 2011 ... als doctor litterarum sacrae scripturae. Twee mooie titels, maar voor wie goed leest en hoort zeggen ze in feite hetzelfde. Graag wil ik daarom van beide leraren nog veel leren. Inleiding. In het enorme œuvre van Augustinus wordt zijn geschrift De ciuitate Dei ofwel De stad van God, gewoonlijk samen met ...

  16. The effect of fetal sex on customized fetal growth charts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rizzo, Giuseppe; Prefumo, Federico; Ferrazzi, Enrico; Zanardini, Cristina; Di Martino, Daniela; Boito, Simona; Aiello, Elisa; Ghi, Tullio

    2016-12-01

    To evaluate the effect of fetal sex on singleton pregnancy growth charts customized for parental characteristics, race, and parity Methods: In a multicentric cross-sectional study, 8070 ultrasonographic examinations from low-risk singleton pregnancies between 16 and 40 weeks of gestation were considered. The fetal measurements obtained were biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL). Quantile regression was used to examine the impact of fetal sex across the biometric percentiles of the fetal measurements considered together with parents' height, weight, parity, and race. Fetal gender resulted to be a significant covariate for BDP, HC, and AC with higher values for male fetuses (p ≤ 0.0009). Minimal differences were found among sexes for FL. Parity, maternal race, paternal height and maternal height, and weight resulted significantly related to the fetal biometric parameters considered independently from fetal gender. In this study, we constructed customized biometric growth charts for fetal sex, parental, and obstetrical characteristics using quantile regression. The use of gender-specific charts offers the advantage to define individualized normal ranges of fetal biometric parameters at each specific centile. This approach may improve the antenatal identification of abnormal fetal growth.

  17. Resultados de la aplicación de tres guías nacionales para prevenir la transmisión vertical del VIH en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal. Lima, Perú Results of the implementation of three national guidelines for the prevention of HIV vertical transmission in instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal. Lima, Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Velásquez

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Se realiza un análisis retrospectivo de tres periodos sucesivos entre los años 1996 al 2009, para evaluar el impacto de la aplicación de tres guías nacionales para la prevención de la transmisión vertical del VIH. Se incluyeron 275 nacimientos en los 13 años de estudio. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de casos de VIH entre los niños expuestos al virus en los tres periodos: 15 % durante el periodo en el cual solo se administraba zidovudina (AZT a la gestante; 6,4 % durante el segundo (administración de AZT a la gestante sin criterios de inicios de TARGA, y TARGA a las que tenían criterios para este tratamiento, y 4 % durante el tercer periodo en el cual se aplicó TARGA a todas las gestantes con infección por VIH. El 95 % de las gestantes culminaron el embarazo por cesárea y el 100 % de niños recibió fórmula maternizada. Los cambios realizados en las guías nacionales han producido un impacto favorable en la disminución de nacimientos de niños infectados por el VIH en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal en Perú.A retrospective analysis is performed in three successive periods between the years 1996 and 2009, in order to evaluate the impact of the implementation of three national guidelines for the prevention of the vertical transmission of HIV. 275 births were included in 13 years. Significant statistical differences were found in the percentage of HIV cases in the children exposed to the virus between the three periods: 15% during the period in which only zidovudine (AZT was administered to the pregnant woman, 6.4% during the second period (administration of AZT to the pregnant woman not fulfilling HAART initiation criteria and HAART to those fulfilling criteria for this treatment, and 4% during the third period in which HAART was applied to all pregnant women with HIV infection. 95% of pregnant women ended their pregnancy by cesarean section and the 100% of children received infant formula

  18. [Zika virus infection or the future of infectious diseases].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Valerio Sallent, Lluís; Roure Díez, Sílvia; Fernández Rivas, Gema

    2016-10-07

    Zika virus belongs to the Flaviridae, an extended phylogenetic family containing dengue or yellow fever, viruses whose shared main vector are Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The virus originally came from Central African simian reservoirs and, from there, expanded rapidly across the Pacific to South America. The disease is an example of exantematic fever usually mild. Mortality is very low and mainly limited to secondary Guillain-Barré or fetal microcephaly cases. Diagnostic confirmation requires a RT-PCR in blood up to the 5th day from the onset or in urine up to the 10-14th day. Specific IgM are identifiable from the 5th symptomatic day. Clinically, a suspected case should comply with: a) a journey to epidemic areas; b) a clinically compatible appearance with fever and skin rash, and c) a generally normal blood count/basic biochemistry. There is some evidence that causally relates Zika virus infection with fetal microcephaly. While waiting for definitive data, all pregnant women coming from Central or South America should be tested for Zika virus. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

  19. Fetal MRI; Fetales MRT

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Blondin, D. [Inst. fuer Diagn. Radiologie, Uniklinikum Duesseldorf (Germany); Turowski, B. [Inst. fuer Diagn. Radiologie, Neuroradiologie, Uniklinikum Duesseldorf (Germany); Schaper, J. [Inst. fuer Diagn. Radiologie, Kinderradiologie, Uniklinikum Duesseldorf (Germany)

    2007-02-15

    Ultrasonography is the method of choice for prenatal malformation screening, but it does not always provide sufficient information for correct diagnosis or adequate abnormality evaluation. Fetal MRI is increasingly being used to complete sonographic findings. It was initially used for evaluation of cerebral abnormalities but is increasingly being applied to other fetal areas. In vivo investigation of fetal brain maturation has been enhanced by MRI. An adequate analysis of fetal chest and abdomen can be achieved with fast T2-, T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The advantages include the great field of view and the excellent soft tissue contrast. This allows correct diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and evaluation of the consequences on pulmonary growth. Other pulmonary malformations, such as cystic adenomatoid malformation, sequestration and brochogenic cysts, can also be easily identified. Renal position can be quickly determined using DWI sequences and renal agenesia can be easily diagnosed with only one sequence. Prenatal MRI is virtually as effective as postnatal examination, dispenses with transport of a potentially very ill newborn, and provides logistic advantages. Therefore, prenatal MRI is useful for adequate postnatal treatment of newborns with malformations. (orig.)

  20. Ebola Virus Disease in Pregnancy: Clinical, Histopathologic, and Immunohistochemical Findings.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Muehlenbachs, Atis; de la Rosa Vázquez, Olimpia; Bausch, Daniel G; Schafer, Ilana J; Paddock, Christopher D; Nyakio, Jean Paul; Lame, Papys; Bergeron, Eric; McCollum, Andrea M; Goldsmith, Cynthia S; Bollweg, Brigid C; Prieto, Miriam Alía; Lushima, Robert Shongo; Ilunga, Benoit Kebela; Nichol, Stuart T; Shieh, Wun-Ju; Ströher, Ute; Rollin, Pierre E; Zaki, Sherif R

    2017-01-01

    Here we describe clinicopathologic features of Ebola virus disease in pregnancy. One woman infected with Sudan virus in Gulu, Uganda, in 2000 had a stillbirth and survived, and another woman infected with Bundibugyo virus had a live birth with maternal and infant death in Isiro, the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2012. Ebolavirus antigen was seen in the syncytiotrophoblast and placental maternal mononuclear cells by immunohistochemical analysis, and no antigen was seen in fetal placental stromal cells or fetal organs. In the Gulu case, ebolavirus antigen localized to malarial parasite pigment-laden macrophages. These data suggest that trophoblast infection may be a mechanism of transplacental ebolavirus transmission. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2016. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

  1. Hipertireoidismo na gravidez: repercussões materno-fetais Hyperthyroidism during pregnancy: maternal-fetal outcomes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amanda Tavares Pinheiro

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar a experiência do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", no acompanhamento de gestantes com hipertireoidismo. MÉTODOS: foram estudadas, retrospectivamente, 60 pacientes, divididas em grupos com hipertireoidismo compensado (GHC=24 e com hipertireoidismo descompensado (GHD=36 e comparadas quanto a características clínico-laboratoriais e intercorrências. Para análise dos resultados, foram utilizados o teste t de Student, as tabelas de contingência, regressão linear múltipla e regressão logística múltipla, com nível de significância de 5,0%. RESULTADOS: propiltiouracil (PTU foi usado por 94,0% do GHD e 42,0% do GHC (pPURPOSE: to evaluate the experience of Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", in the follow-up of pregnant women with hyperthyroidism. METHODS: Sixty patients, divided in groups with compensated hyperthyroidism (CHG=24 and with uncompensated hyperthyroidism (UHG=36 were retrospectively studied and compared concerning clinical-laboratorial characteristics and intercurrences. The t-Student test, contingency tables, multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression with significance level at 5.0% were used. RESULTS: propylthiouracil (PTU was used by 94.0% of UHG and by 42.0% of CHG (p<0.0001; maternal complications close to delivery have occurred in 20.6% of UHG and in 11.8% of CHG, and UHG presented three fetal deaths, influenced by the mother age, higher level of T4L (lT4L and of PTU dose (PTUd in the third trimester (p=0.007; restriction of intra-uterine growth, influenced by lT4L and PTUd in the third trimester has occurred in nine UHG and in three CHG cases, and oligoamnios has occurred in 12 patients (83.3% of UGH and 16.7% of CGH, influenced by age and lT4L in the third trimester (p=0.04; the gestational age at delivery was 34.4

  2. Increasing fetal ovine number per gestation alters fetal plasma clinical chemistry values.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zywicki, Micaela; Blohowiak, Sharon E; Magness, Ronald R; Segar, Jeffrey L; Kling, Pamela J

    2016-08-01

    Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is interconnected with developmental programming of lifelong pathophysiology. IUGR is seen in human multifetal pregnancies, with stepwise rises in fetal numbers interfering with placental nutrient delivery. It remains unknown whether fetal blood analyses would reflect fetal nutrition, liver, and excretory function in the last trimester of human or ovine IUGR In an ovine model, we hypothesized that fetal plasma biochemical values would reflect progressive placental, fetal liver, and fetal kidney dysfunction as the number of fetuses per gestation rose. To determine fetal plasma biochemical values in singleton, twin, triplet, and quadruplet/quintuplet ovine gestation, we investigated morphometric measures and comprehensive metabolic panels with nutritional measures, liver enzymes, and placental and fetal kidney excretory measures at gestational day (GD) 130 (90% gestation). As anticipated, placental dysfunction was supported by a stepwise fall in fetal weight, fetal plasma glucose, and triglyceride levels as fetal number per ewe rose. Fetal glucose and triglycerides were directly related to fetal weight. Plasma creatinine, reflecting fetal renal excretory function, and plasma cholesterol, reflecting placental excretory function, were inversely correlated with fetal weight. Progressive biochemical disturbances and growth restriction accompanied the rise in fetal number. Understanding the compensatory and adaptive responses of growth-restricted fetuses at the biochemical level may help explain how metabolic pathways in growth restriction can be predetermined at birth. This physiological understanding is important for clinical care and generating interventional strategies to prevent altered developmental programming in multifetal gestation. © 2016 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Physiological Society and The Physiological Society.

  3. Aleitamento e parasitismo intestinal materno-infantil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Costa-Macedo Lêda Maria

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Entre março e maio de 1991, a prevalência das enteroparasitoses e o aleitamento materno foram determinados simultaneamente em 208 crianças menores de dois anos de idade e suas mães, atendidas em Instituição Pública de Saúde no Rio de Janeiro. Através da técnica de sedimentação, detectou-se positividade geral de 12,7% para as crianças, e 37,3% para as mães. Ascaris lumbricoides foi o parasito mais prevalente nas mulheres (12,7% e nos lactentes (4,3%. A distribuição dos parasitos entre os grupos de aleitamento não variou para as mulheres, mas foi estatisticamente significativa em relação às crianças (p < 0,05. Nenhuma criança em aleitamento exclusivo apresentou parasitose. Verificou-se correlação positiva entre parasitismo e desmame. Cerca de 60% das crianças parasitadas eram filhas de mães também parasitadas, sendo detectado um risco 1,7 vezes maior destas crianças virem a apresentar algum parasito intestinal. Acreditamos que a mãe parasitada possa influenciar na freqüência do parasitismo infantil.

  4. Effect of maternal exercises on biophysical fetal and maternal parameters: a transversal study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Santos, Caroline Mombaque Dos; Santos, Wendel Mombaque Dos; Gallarreta, Francisco Maximiliano Pancich; Pigatto, Camila; Portela, Luiz Osório Cruz; Morais, Edson Nunes de

    2016-01-01

    To evaluate the acute effects of maternal and fetal hemodynamic responses in pregnant women submitted to fetal Doppler and an aerobic physical exercise test according to the degree of effort during the activity and the impact on the well-being. Transversal study with low risk pregnant women, obtained by convenience sample with gestational age between 26 to 34 weeks. The participants carry out a progressive exercise test. After the exercise session, reduced resistance (p=0.02) and pulsatility indices (p=0.01) were identified in the umbilical artery; however, other Doppler parameters analyzed, in addition to cardiotocography and fetal biophysical profile did not achieve significant change. Maternal parameters obtained linear growth with activity, but it was not possible to establish a standard with the Borg scale, and oxygen saturation remained stable. A short submaximal exercise had little effect on placental blood flow after exercise in pregnancies without complications, corroborating that healthy fetus maintains homeostasis even in situations that alter maternal hemodynamics. Avaliar os efeitos agudos de respostas hemodinâmicas maternas e fetais em gestantes submetidas a Doppler fetal e a um teste de exercício físico aeróbio, de acordo com o grau de esforço durante a atividade e o impacto sobre o bem-estar. Estudo transversal desenvolvido com gestantes de baixo risco, por amostra de conveniência com idade gestacional entre 26 e 34 semanas. As participantes realizam um teste de esforço progressivo. Na artéria umbilical, após sessão de exercício físico, identificou-se a redução do índice de resistência (p=0,02) e do índice de pulsatilidade (p=0,01), mas os demais parâmetros Doppler analisados, além da cardiotocografia e do perfil biofísico fetal, não obtiveram alteração significativa. Os parâmetros maternos obtiveram crescimento linear com a atividade, mas não foi possível estabelecer padrão com a escala de Borg, e a saturação de oxig

  5. Properties and processing technologies of polymers for medical devices; Proprieta' e tecnologie di lavorazione dei polimeri utilizzati nei dispositivi medici

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Salernitano, E [ENEA, Divisione Nuovi Materiali, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Rome (Italy)

    2000-07-01

    The variety of biomaterials applications in medical devices for substitution or functional integration of organs and tissues has remarkably grown. This has allowed an increased survival of patients affected by traumatic or pathologic events. Biomaterials growing variety and improvement were remarkable and constant over the last twenty years; this fact yielded important clinical effects in every medical area, especially in orthopaedics, cardiovascular surgery and dentistry. Performances of medical materials are evaluated according to their bio functionality and biocompatibility. These concepts are strongly connected: bio functionality refers to devices physical and mechanical properties which allow to perform a specific function. Several transformation methods and different processing technologies allow to obtain products having different physico-chemical and mechanical properties. Among them, chemical and physical stability, biocompatibility, possibility to undergo sterilisation process, control of gases and moisture permeability, control of biodegradation products, wear and fatigue resistance and toughness are the most relevant. Most of research efforts are devoted to improve reliability and last of biomaterials already used thanks to their bio functionality and biocompatibility. Expected developments of medial devices are associated with the design of bio artificial organs, where biomaterials act as a scaffold for the three-dimensional cells growth. [Italian] Il numero delle applicazioni dei biomateriali in dispositivi medici che sostituiscono od integrino dal punto di vista funzionale organi o tessuti e' cresciuto notevolmente. Questo ha portato ad un aumento della sopravvivenza dei pazienti colpiti da eventi patologici o traumatici. La crescita ed il perfezionamento dei biomateriali e' stata, infatti, nell'ultimo ventennio considerevole e costante ed ha avuto importanti ricadute cliniche in tutte le discipline mediche ed in particolare in ortopedia, in

  6. Fissuras labiopalatinas, ganho de peso e cirurgias: leite materno versus fórmulas lácteas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Roberto Tovani Palone

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available As fissuras labiopalatinas são as anomalias craniofaciais mais comuns na espécie humana. Por sua vez, com o propósito de ganho de peso corporal necessário para realização das cirurgias reabilitadoras, uma alternativa rotineiramente utilizada para crianças com fissuras consiste no uso de fórmulas lácteas industrializadas, como um substituto do leite materno ou mesmo uma suplementação alimentar. Contudo, é imprescindível a conscientização das mães e demais cuidadores desse grupo de crianças sobre a importância do aleitamento materno e seus benefícios adicionais, os quais inclusive colocam em questionamento a necessidade e viabilidade da prescrição dessas fórmulas nos casos em que a amamentação natural é possível. Ademais, o tipo de alimentação, aleitamento natural ou artificial é de notória importância, com influência direta na composição da microbiota gastrintestinal e possibilidades de impactos sobre a imunomodulação destes indivíduos.

  7. Uso de medicamentos por nutrizes em Itaúna-MG: caracterização e associação com o tempo de aleitamento materno

    OpenAIRE

    Roberto Gomes Chaves

    2007-01-01

    O aleitamento materno é uma prática associada a valiosos benefícios para a criança, a mãe, a família e a sociedade, recomendada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde até pelo menos dois anos de idade. Contudo, as crianças raramente são amamentadas até esse período considerado ideal. Assim, torna-se necessária a realização de pesquisa para identificar os fatores associados à duração do aleitamento materno. Entre eles, o uso de medicamentos tem sido apontado como responsável por menos tempo de a...

  8. L’AZIONE DI CANCELLAZIONE - TUTELA DEI DIRITTI TAVOLARI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zrinka Radić

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Il titolare di un diritto tavolare, leso dall’iscrizione a favore di altro soggetto, al fi ne di tutelare il proprio diritto è autorizzato a pretendere la cancellazione di qualsiasi iscrizione che lo offenda ed a ripristinare nel libro fondiario lo stato precedente. Se l’iscrizione di un diritto tavolare a favore di altro soggetto sia o no fondata, verrà stabilito dal tribunale in sede contenziosa. L’autore del lavoro si occupa della questione della legittimazione attiva e passiva e dei termini quali presupposti incontrovertibili volti alla presentazione della domanda di cancellazione. Si disaminano le questioni che sono problematiche in giurisprudenza ed in dottrina. Precisamente: la valutazione della legittimazione attiva, le questioni riguardanti dunque l’individuazione di coloro che in qualità di «lesi nel proprio diritto tavolare» possano intraprendere l’azione di cancellazione e la questione circa i tipi di iscrizione in occasione delle quali si possa giungere ad una tale lesione. Ancora, si valuta se l’attore debba in caso di azione di cancellazione provare il suo diritto sostanziale e quali eccezioni possa sollevare nell’azione. Al centro dell’attenzione v’è anche la questione della legittimazione passiva e dei termini quali presupposti incontrovertibili ai fi ni della presentazione della domanda di cancellazione; come pure l’interrogativo se l’azione di cancellazione sia giustifi cata soltanto nel caso di un’iniziale nullità del titolo o se sia suffi ciente anche una nullità successiva.

  9. O aleitamento materno no tratamento de crianças com fenilcetonúria Breastfeeding in the treatment of children with phenylketonuria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Viviane C. Kanufre

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do leite materno como fonte de fenilalanina (phe nos níveis sangüíneos desse aminoácido e no crescimento de fenilcetonúricos. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 35 fenilcetonúricos que mantiveram leite materno, e os resultados foram comparados com os de 35 lactentes que usaram fórmula láctea comercial. Os grupos foram pareados por sexo e por idade à suspensão do aleitamento materno. Os dados foram analisados até a suspensão do leite materno ou durante 12 meses de acompanhamento. O grupo amamentado recebeu "fórmula especial" isenta em phe, em mamadeira a cada 3 horas, e leite materno em livre demanda nos intervalos. Os níveis sangüíneos de phe, coletados semanalmente até 6 meses e quinzenalmente até 1 ano de idade, foram analisados durante a amamentação. Foram comparados o tempo necessário para adequação dos níveis sangüíneos de phe, após o início do tratamento, utilizando o teste de Wilcoxon e os dados antropométricos, pelo teste t de Student pareado, utilizando o escore z. As dosagens de phe foram analisadas durante a amamentação. RESULTADOS: O tempo mediano para adequação dos níveis de phe no sangue foi de 8 dias para o grupo amamentado e de 7 dias para o grupo controle. As dosagens de phe estavam adequadas em 87% das vezes para o grupo amamentado e em 74,4% para o grupo controle. Na avaliação antropométrica, a maioria das crianças, de ambos os grupos, apresentou escore z > -2. CONCLUSÃO: A manutenção do aleitamento materno, durante o tratamento, mostrou-se adequada no controle metabólico e no crescimento das crianças fenilcetonúricas.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of breastmilk as a source of phenylalanine (phe on levels of this amino acid and on growth in phenylketonuric infants. METHODS: The study recruited 35 breastfed phenylketonuric infants and compared their results with those of 35 infants fed on commercial, milk-based formula. The groups were paired for sex and age at

  10. STREPTOCOQUE BETA HEMOLYTIQUE DU GROUPE B ET ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    hémolytic streptococcus during pregnancy and its materno-fetal ..... and their newborns. Medscape Women's Health. 1996 Mar; 1(3):2. 21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Perinatal Group B streptococcal disease after universal ...

  11. Musei post-etnografici: Le trasformazioni dei rapporti tra antropologia e museo in Francia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Benoît de L'Estoile

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available L’articolo riflette sulle trasformazioni contemporanee dei rapporti tra antropologia e museo in Francia alla luce dell’apertura negli ultimi anni del Musée du quai Branly, del Musée des Civilisations de l'Europe et de la Méditerranée (MUCEM, e del rinnovamento del Musée de l'Homme. La relazione tra musei e antropologia, storicamente più stretta in Francia che in altri contesti nazionali, spiega l’intensità delle reazioni suscitate da queste trasformazioni. La ricostruzione della successione dei progetti di musei etnografici, e in particolare l’ideale del ‘museo-laboratorio’, dimostra il ruolo duraturo del paradigma enciclopedico-naturalista. L’esaurimento del paradigma naturalista, tanto negli stessi musei di storia naturale come il Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle di Parigi quanto nei musei etnografici, ha prodotto una trasformazione del ruolo dei musei, sancito dal passaggio da un discorso museografico centrato sulla scienza e il razionalismo ad un approccio estetizzante fondato sulle emozioni. Allo stesso tempo, il paradigma naturalista ed evoluzionista rinasce nel nuovo Musée de l'Homme, inaugurato nel 2015. Questi nuovi musei, che possono essere definiti come ‘post-etnografici’, non sono ancora riusciti a fare i conti con la storia e con il loro passato coloniale. Nel contempo, l’antropologia francese si trova di fronte alla sfida di reinventarsi come ‘antropologia post-museo’.

  12. The missio Dei as context for a ministry to refugees

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diniz R. Soares

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available The current global escalation of refugees and involuntary migration, due to the effects of war and world disasters, makes it imperative to devise an effective approach to care for refugees. This article, therefore examines the problem of displacement from the perspective of missio Dei. It presents God’s active involvement in his creation, recreating it and providing particular care for the vulnerable and refugees.

  13. Il commercio dei captivi nel Mediterraneo di età moderna (secc. XVI - XVIII. Orientamenti e prospettive attuali di ricerca

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bosco, Michele

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Da oltre un ventennio, il tema della guerra da corsa e quello del commercio dei captivi nel Mediterraneo di età moderna, ad esso strettamente connesso, sono oggetto di rinnovato interesse da parte della storiografia internazionale. Soprattutto in Italia, Spagna e Francia (ma anche altrove, ricerche sistematiche hanno permesso di ricostruire diversi aspetti della schiavitù nel Mediterraneo di età moderna: modalità della cattura, condizioni di vita dei prigionieri, riscatti, conversioni. Non solo storici, ma anche antropologi, economisti, storici delle religioni e del diritto hanno dato il loro contributo alla ricerca, tradottosi in raccolte di saggi o in volumi monografici; tale abbondante produzione ha innanzitutto mostrato chiaramente come la guerra da corsa e il commercio dei captivi abbiano rappresentato a lungo un elemento cruciale della storia dei paesi che si affacciano sul Mediterraneo, dal medioevo all’età moderna, giungendo fino ai primi decenni del secolo XIX. Nelle prossime pagine proveremo a ricostruire, a grandi linee, l’evoluzione del dibattito storiografico sull’argomento, in modo da far emergere le questioni ancora aperte e di individuare nuovi possibili percorsi di indagine, che sfruttino in particolare le serie documentarie ancora scarsamente utilizzate o meritevoli di ulteriori ricerche.

  14. Severe Neurologic Disorders in 2 Fetuses with Zika Virus Infection, Colombia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Acosta-Reyes, Jorge; Navarro, Edgar; Herrera, Maria José; Goenaga, Eloina; Ospina, Martha L; Parra, Edgar; Mercado, Marcela; Chaparro, Pablo; Beltran, Mauricio; Gunturiz, Maria Luz; Pardo, Lissethe; Valencia, Catalina; Huertas, Sandra; Rodríguez, Jorge; Ruiz, Germán; Valencia, Diana; Haddad, Lisa B; Tinker, Sarah C; Moore, Cynthia A; Baquero, Hernando

    2017-06-01

    We report the results of pathologic examinations of 2 fetuses from women in Colombia with Zika virus infection during pregnancy that revealed severe central nervous system defects and potential associated abnormalities of the eye, spleen, and placenta. Amniotic fluid and tissues from multiple fetal organs tested positive for Zika virus.

  15. Fetal thrombocytopenia in pregnancies with fetal human parvovirus-B19 infection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Melamed, Nir; Whittle, Wendy; Kelly, Edmond N; Windrim, Rory; Seaward, P Gareth R; Keunen, Johannes; Keating, Sarah; Ryan, Greg

    2015-06-01

    Fetal infection with human parvovirus B19 (hParvo-B19) has been associated mainly with fetal anemia, although data regarding other fetal hematologic effects are limited. Our aim was to assess the rate and consequences of severe fetal thrombocytopenia after fetal hParvo-B19 infection. We conducted a retrospective study of pregnancies that were complicated by fetal hParvo-B19 infection that underwent fetal blood sampling (FBS). The characteristics and outcomes of fetuses with severe thrombocytopenia (B19 infection. A total of 37 pregnancies that were affected by fetal hParvo-B19 infection were identified. Of the 29 cases that underwent FBS and had information regarding fetal platelets, 11 cases (38%) were complicated by severe fetal thrombocytopenia. Severely thrombocytopenic fetuses were characterized by a lower hemoglobin concentration (2.6 ± 0.9 g/dL vs 5.5 ± 3.6 g/dL; P = .01), lower reticulocyte count (9.1% ± 2.8% vs 17.3% ± 10.6%; P = .02), and lower gestational age at the time of diagnosis (21.4 ± 3.1 wk vs 23.6 ± 2.2 wk; P = .03). Both the fetal death rate within 48 hours of FBS (27.3% vs 0%; P = .02) and the risk of prematurity (100.0% vs 13.3%; P B19 infection, can be further worsened by IUT, and may be associated with an increased risk of procedure-related fetal loss after either FBS or IUT. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  16. Avaliação da vitalidade fetal e resultados perinatais em gestações após gastroplastia com derivação em Y de Roux Assessment of fetal vitality and perinatal results in pregnancies after gastroplasty with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roseli Mieko Yamamoto Nomura

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados da avaliação da vitalidade fetal de gestações após gastroplastia com derivação em Y de Roux, verificando as complicações maternas e os resultados perinatais. MÉTODOS: No período de julho de 2001 a setembro de 2009, foram analisados, retrospectivamente, dados de prontuário de pacientes com gestação após gastroplastia com derivação em Y de Roux, acompanhadas em pré-natal especializado e cujo parto foi realizado na instituição. Foram analisados os exames de avaliação da vitalidade fetal (cardiotocografia, perfil biofísico fetal e dopplervelocimetria das artérias umbilicais realizada na semana anterior ao parto. As variáveis maternas investigadas foram: dados demográficos, complicações clínicas maternas, tipo de parto, complicações no parto e pós-parto, exames hematimétricos maternos e resultados perinatais. RESULTADOS: Trinta gestações após gastroplastia com derivação em Y de Roux foram identificadas e 24 delas foram submetidas à avaliação da vitalidade fetal. Todas as pacientes apresentaram resultados normais na cardiotocografia, no perfil biofísico fetal e na dopplervelocimetria das artérias umbilicais. Houve um caso de oligohidrâmnio. A principal complicação observada foi anemia materna (Hb OBJECTIVE: To study fetal vitality assessed in pregnancies after gastroplasty with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass'and verify maternal complications and perinatal results. METHODS: Hospital charts of all pregnancies after gastroplasty with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass were reviewed retrospectively. All cases followed at the specialized prenatal care that gave birth in this institution, between July 2001 and September 2009, were reviewed. The assessment of fetal vitality (cardiotocography, fetal biophysical profile and umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry performed in the last week before delivery were analyzed. The maternal variables investigated were: demographic data, maternal complications

  17. Properties and processing technologies of polymers for medical devices; Proprieta' e tecnologie di lavorazione dei polimeri utilizzati nei dispositivi medici

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Salernitano, E. [ENEA, Divisione Nuovi Materiali, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Rome (Italy)

    2000-07-01

    The variety of biomaterials applications in medical devices for substitution or functional integration of organs and tissues has remarkably grown. This has allowed an increased survival of patients affected by traumatic or pathologic events. Biomaterials growing variety and improvement were remarkable and constant over the last twenty years; this fact yielded important clinical effects in every medical area, especially in orthopaedics, cardiovascular surgery and dentistry. Performances of medical materials are evaluated according to their bio functionality and biocompatibility. These concepts are strongly connected: bio functionality refers to devices physical and mechanical properties which allow to perform a specific function. Several transformation methods and different processing technologies allow to obtain products having different physico-chemical and mechanical properties. Among them, chemical and physical stability, biocompatibility, possibility to undergo sterilisation process, control of gases and moisture permeability, control of biodegradation products, wear and fatigue resistance and toughness are the most relevant. Most of research efforts are devoted to improve reliability and last of biomaterials already used thanks to their bio functionality and biocompatibility. Expected developments of medial devices are associated with the design of bio artificial organs, where biomaterials act as a scaffold for the three-dimensional cells growth. [Italian] Il numero delle applicazioni dei biomateriali in dispositivi medici che sostituiscono od integrino dal punto di vista funzionale organi o tessuti e' cresciuto notevolmente. Questo ha portato ad un aumento della sopravvivenza dei pazienti colpiti da eventi patologici o traumatici. La crescita ed il perfezionamento dei biomateriali e' stata, infatti, nell'ultimo ventennio considerevole e costante ed ha avuto importanti ricadute cliniche in tutte le discipline mediche ed in particolare in

  18. Reflexões sobre a prática do aleitamento materno Reflexions about breastfeeding's practices

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isilia Aparecida Silva

    1996-04-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho traz uma análise sobre o aleitamento materno, fazendo reflexões sobre os indicadores determinantes da situação atual, buscando identificar os elementos fins e meios para atingir o cenário idealizado para o futuro da prática do amamentar.The autor makes analises of breast feeding, doing a reflexion about the mainly indicators who has determined the atual situation, looking for identify ways for win the ideal cenary to future of breast feeding.

  19. Terapia nutricional no diabetes gestacional

    OpenAIRE

    Padilha,Patricia de Carvalho; Sena,Ana Beatriz; Nogueira,Jamile Lima; Araújo,Roberta Pimenta da Silva; Alves,Priscila Dutra; Accioly,Elizabeth; Saunders,Cláudia

    2010-01-01

    Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura científica sobre a terapia nutricional no Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional, sem restrição de data e com fontes primárias indexadas nas bases de dados SciELO, PubMed, Medline. Os resultados desta revisão apontam a intervenção nutricional como uma importante aliada no controle do Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional, trazendo potenciais benefícios à saúde materno-fetal. Na avaliação do estado nutricional materno devem ser empregados os indicadores antropométricos, di...

  20. Modelo de rol materno en la alimentación del lactante: Teoría del rango medio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosario Edith Ortiz-Félix

    Full Text Available Las interacciones madre-hijo durante la alimentación en el primer año de vida tienen impacto duradero en la regulación del apetito y el desarrollo de obesidad actual y futura del individuo. Para los profesionales de enfermería es un reto y una nueva función prevenir problemas nutricionales en los lactantes. Contar con teorías de rango medio propias de enfermería que guíen el cuidado diario resulta indispensable. El presente trabajo presenta el desarrollo de la teoría de rango medio Modelo de rol materno en la alimentación del lactante, mediante el método de derivación teórica de Fawcett. Este modelo tiene como objetivo explicar cómo características maternas y del lactante influyen en el rol materno de alimentación y estado nutricional del hijo en el primer año de vida. Mediante este modelo se ofrece sustento teórico para la investigación e intervenciones de enfermería enfocadas a prevenir problemas de nutrición en el lactante.

  1. Conducta médica posnatal ante la dilatación del tracto urinario superior fetal Postnatal medical behavior in face a dilatation of fetal high urinary tract

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandalio Durán Álvarez

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available El seguimiento sistemático del embarazo normal mediante el estudio ultrasonográfico materno-fetal ha demostrado que por cada 500 embarazos debemos esperar una anomalía importante del tracto urinario. La anomalía detectada con mayor frecuencia es la dilatación del tracto urinario superior, que si bien la mayoría de las veces no se traduce en una alteración importante, obliga a su estudio posnatal para poder valorar su significación. Una dilatación del tracto urinario superior puede ser la traducción de una hidronefrosis obstructiva por estenosis ureteropiélica, una hidronefrosis no obstructiva, un reflujo vesicoureteral o una pielectasia, y menos frecuentemente, puede ser la imagen de un doble sistema excretor con el superior obstruido, un megauréter obstructivo o no obstructivo, o una valva de uretra posterior en el sexo masculino. En esta revisión se presentan los criterios diagnósticos y el tratamiento clínico de las hidronefrosis y pielectasias, así como el estudio de los casos en que se sospecha reflujo vesicoureteral, y se relatan las anomalías encontradas en 318 niños en que el ultrasonido materno-fetal detectó alguna alteración del tracto urinario. Aunque no tan frecuente como las pielectasias y las hidronefrosis no obstructivas, las estenosis pieloureterales que producen obstrucción, pueden traer serias consecuencias sobre la función renal, que obligan a tomar decisiones médicas, y, en ocasiones, quirúrgicas, para mejorar la calidad de vida de estos niños.The systematic follow-up of the normal pregnancy by means of a mother-fetus ultrasonography study has demonstrated that for each 500 pregnancies, we must to expect a significant anomaly of urinary tract. The more frequent anomaly detected is the high urinary tract dilatation, which if not always it is a significant alteration, leads to a postnatal study to assess its significance. A high urinary tract dilatation may to give rise to an obstructive hydronephrosis

  2. Estratificación socioeconómica y salud materno infantil en México

    OpenAIRE

    Carlos Javier Echarri Cánovas

    2004-01-01

    El objetivo del artículo es el estudio de la salud de los niños en México, mediante un análisis que tenga como eje la diferenciación social, la atención a la salud materno infantil y la estructura familiar. Se argumenta la necesidad de prestar mas atención al análisis de los determinantes que de los indicadores de salud, en virtud de las características de información disponible y de los niveles de mortalidad infantil. Un aspecto metodológico importante es que lo...

  3. Pasado y esperanza de un hospital Instituto Materno Infantil hospital universitario monumento nacional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel Mercado Pedroza

    2002-07-01

    Full Text Available El Instituto Materno Infantil (IMI ha sido fundamentalmente una casa de educación en la cultura del respeto por la mujer, el recién nacido y la familia, en un país asolado por la muerte es un centro de vida y esperanza de un futuro mejor para todos. Ha sido un hospital comprometido con la misión de atender a la mujer y al binomio madre - recién nacido, especialmente aquellos de escasos recursos. El IMI es un hospital por el Género femenino, para el género humano.

  4. Average fetal depth in utero: data for estimation of fetal absorbed radiation dose

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ragozzino, M.W.; Breckle, R.; Hill, L.M.; Gray, J.E.

    1986-01-01

    To estimate fetal absorbed dose from radiographic examinations, the depth from the anterior maternal surface to the midline of the fetal skull and abdomen was measured by ultrasound in 97 pregnant women. The relationships between fetal depth, fetal presentation, and maternal parameters of height, weight, anteroposterior (AP) thickness, gestational age, placental location, and bladder volume were analyzed. Maternal AP thickness (MAP) can be estimated from gestational age, maternal height, and maternal weight. Fetal midskull and abdominal depths were nearly equal. Fetal depth normalized to MAP was independent or nearly independent of maternal parameters and fetal presentation. These data enable a reasonable estimation of absorbed dose to fetal brain, abdomen, and whole body

  5. Il bizzarro mondo dei quanti

    CERN Document Server

    Camejo, Silvia Arroyo

    2008-01-01

    Scritto prima dell'esame di maturità da una giovane di eccezionale talento, questo libro colma il vuoto esistente tra la letteratura divulgativa sulla fisica quantistica, che normalmente evita ogni formula matematica, e la letteratura specialistica, ben farcita, invece, di matematica avanzata. L'autrice, appena diciannovenne, con l'ausilio della sola matematica della scuola superiore, introduce il lettore ai principi della fisica dei quanti. Se ne ricava uno sguardo profondo sul microcosmo, il regno affascinante delle particelle elementari: oggetti il cui comportamento si distingue in modo drastico e fondamentale da tutto ciò a cui è avvezzo il nostro umano buonsenso. "Un libro... che avrei desiderato avere a 17 anni". Silvia Arroyo Camejo "In modo assolutamente preciso dal punto di vista fisico, l'autrice spiega con grande passione e divertimento i fondamenti della moderna fisica quantistica ... " Prof. Reinhold A. Bertlmann "Un libro stupefacente di un'autrice straordinaria! Si avverte il suo entusiasmo ...

  6. La qualitá percepita dei pazienti con infezione da HIV presso il servizio di diagnosi e cura dell' AIDS di Novara

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Renna

    2003-05-01

    Full Text Available

    Obiettivi: costruire e sperimentare un modello per lo studio della qualità percepita dai pazienti affetti da HIV/AIDS.

    Metodi: è stato condotto uno studio di tipo osservazionale descrittivo mediante un’indagine con l’utilizzo di un questionario di soddisfazione presso il Servizio di diagnosi e terapia dell’AIDS dell’UOA di Malattie Infettive dell’ASO “Maggiore della Carità” di Novara. I dati sono stati analizzati mediante l’analisi fattoriale e l’analisi dei cluster.

    Risultati: il campione è stato rappresentato da 62 soggetti (35 uomini e 27 donne, età media di 39,40 anni. Sono stati identificati tre fattori principali determinanti la soddisfazione dei pazienti: l’assistenza infermieristica (che ha spiegato il 24,03% della variabilità delle risposte, l’assistenza medica (21,18% e l’organizzazione del servizio (22,22%. Nel dettaglio livelli di soddisfazione elevati sono stati registrati per la qualità dell’assistenza del personale, la competenza dei medici ed il funzionamento della terapia, mentre i più bassi sono stati misurati per il rispetto della privacy e la disponibilità di servizi accessori. L’analisi dei cluster ha permesso di aggregare gli utenti in 3 gruppi in base al livello di soddisfazione. I fattori che hanno maggiormente determinato il diverso livello di soddisfazione misurato nei tre gruppi sono stati: la prima accoglienza presso il servizio, il livello di informazione ricevuto e l’efficacia nel controllo del dolore e dei sintomi.

    Conclusioni: il modello di analisi adottato ha reso possibile l’identificazione dei determinanti della soddisfazione degli utenti afferenti al servizio, evidenziando gli elementi di criticità del percorso assistenziale. I risultati hanno dimostrato la necessità per gli studi di valutazione della qualità percepita di adottare i metodi e gli strumenti della ricerca

  7. Fetal behavioral teratology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Visser, Gerard H A; Mulder, Eduard J H; Tessa Ververs, F F

    2010-10-01

    Ultrasound studies of fetal motor behavior provide direct – in vivo – insight in the functioning of the motor component of the fetal central nervous system. In this article, studies are reviewed showing changes in the first timetable of appearance of fetal movements, changes in quality and/or quantity of movements and disturbances in the development of fetal behavioral states in case of endogenous malfunctions, maternal diseases and exogenous behavioral teratogens.

  8. Influenciadores da intenção do comportamento do aleitamento materno – um estudo exploratório no âmbito do Marketing Social

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oliva Dourado Martins

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Ao considerando as Teorias do Comportamento do Consumidor, esta investigação visa explorar as principais variáveis no âmbito do Marketing Social, para desenvolver um modelo de análise para descrever e explicar a intenção da mãe no comportamento do aleitamento materno. Pelo facto de o comportamento do aleitamento materno ter sido pouco referenciado no âmbito do marketing social, optou-se por utilizar uma investigação exploratória qualitativa através de 10 entrevistas em profundidade sustentadas por um roteiro de questões semi-abertas. A unidade de estudo da investigação exploratória foi o profissional de saúde envolvido na proteção, promoção e suporte ao aleitamento materno em Portugal. Alguns dos actuais modelos de análise da intenção do comportamento existentes na literatura utilizam o conhecimento como uma variável exógena para influenciar a atitude. Porém, nos estudos mais recentes, concluiu-se que o conhecimento tem pouca significância no processo de intenção do aleitamento materno. Como resultado desta investigação, verificou-se que a auto-estima, que ainda não se encontrava presente nos actuais modelos de análise da intenção do comportamento, foi confirmada nas entrevistas como uma possível variável a ser testada. Como principais limitações, além de ser uma investigação de natureza qualitativa exploratória fundamentada num modelo específico de análise da intenção, pode ressaltar-se o facto de o modelo ter sido desenvolvido especificamente para o comportamento em questão e ainda não ter sido testado. Propõe-se então um novo modelo de análise da intenção do comportamento.

  9. Apoio paterno ao aleitamento materno: uma revisão integrativa Fathers support on breastfeeding: an integrative review

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruna Turaça Silva

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar, na literatura científica, publicações sobre a participação do pai ou companheiro no aleitamento materno. FONTES DE DADOS: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa no período de 1995 a 2010, utilizando-se os unitermos "pai" e "aleitamento materno" nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, BDENF e PubMed/MEDLINE. Os dados obtidos foram organizados em três categorias: o pai como suporte para a amamentação; percepções paternas sobre a amamentação; e o impacto da intervenção educativa sobre aleitamento para os pais. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Foram identificadas 44 publicações que mostraram que o apoio social, profissional e familiar foi imprescindível para o sucesso do aleitamento materno. O pai foi destacado como suporte fundamental pela forte influência na decisão da mulher em amamentar e na sua continuidade. Contudo, a participação do pai exibe sentimentos ambivalentes: competitividade com a mãe vs. proteção; exclusão vs. aumento do vínculo familiar; apoio vs. preconceitos. Os profissionais de saúde, apontados como referência na busca de informações, mostram-se despreparados para atender aos pais. CONCLUSÕES: Foram encontradas várias produções científicas ressaltando a relevância do apoio paterno para o sucesso do aleitamento materno. Contudo, a maioria das pesquisas apresenta abordagem descritiva, havendo poucos estudos com intervenções educativas.OBJECTIVE: To identify publications regarding the role of the father or partner in the breastfeeding practice. DATA SOURCE: An integrative review of the literature was performed searching for articles published between 1995 and 2010, using the key-words "father" and "breastfeeding" in following databases: LILACS, SciELO, BDENF e PubMed/MEDLINE. Data were organized in three categories: the supporting role of the father on breastfeeding; paternal perceptions about breastfeeding; and the impact of educational intervention on breastfeeding for parents. DATA

  10. Acute Effects of Viral Exposure on P-Glycoprotein Function in the Mouse Fetal Blood-Brain Barrier

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Enrrico Bloise

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available Background/Aims: Viral infection during pregnancy is known to affect the fetal brain. The toll-like receptor (TLR-3 is a pattern recognition receptor activated by viruses known to elicit adverse fetal neurological outcomes. The P-glycoprotein (P-gp efflux transporter protects the developing fetus by limiting the transfer of substrates across both the placenta and the fetal blood-brain barrier (BBB. As such, inhibition of P-gp at these blood-barrier sites may result in increased exposure of the developing fetus to environmental toxins and xenobiotics present in the maternal circulation. We hypothesized that viral exposure during pregnancy would impair P-gp function in the placenta and in the developing BBB. Here we investigated whether the TLR-3 ligand, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C, increased accumulation of one P-gp substrate in the fetus and in the developing fetal brain. Methods: Pregnant C57BL/6 mice (GD15.5 were injected (i.p. with PolyI:C (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg or vehicle (saline. [3H]digoxin (P-gp substrate was injected (i.v. 3 or 23h post-treatment and animals were euthanized 1h later. Maternal plasma, ‘fetal-units’ (fetal membranes, amniotic fluid and whole fetus, and fetal brains were collected. Results: PolyI:C exposure (4h significantly elevated maternal plasma IL-6 (P<0.001 and increased [3H]digoxin accumulation in the fetal brain (P<0.05. In contrast, 24h after PolyI:C exposure, no effect on IL-6 or fetal brain accumulation of P-gp substrate was observed. Conclusion: Viral infection modeled by PolyI:C causes acute increases in fetal brain accumulation of P-gp substrates and by doing so, may increase fetal brain exposure to xenobiotics and environmental toxins present in the maternal circulation.

  11. [Zika Virus and Zika Viral Disease].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Shuo; Li, Dexin

    2016-01-01

    Since Zika virus (ZIKV) has firstly been isolated in 1947, Uganda, outbreaks of Zika fever have been reported in many areas such as in Africa, Southeast Asia and America. Imported cases in China also have been reported. Zika virus belongs to the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, and include Africa subtype and Asia subtype. It is a mosquito-borne virus primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Sexual transmission, Blood transmission and mother-to-fetus transmission were also reported. Zika virus can go though blood-brain barrier and infect central nervous system. Symptoms are generally mild and self-limited, but recent evidence suggests a possible association between maternal Zika virus infection and adverse fetal outcomes, such as congenital microcephaly, as well as a possible association with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Laboratorial Diagnosis includes nucleic acid detection, Serological test, and isolation of virus. Currently, no vaccine or medication exists to prevent or treat Zika virus infection. Preventive measures against Zika virus infection should be taken through prevention of mosquito bites and surveillance in epidemic area.

  12. L’ACQUISIZIONE DEI SEGNALI DISCORSIVI IN ITALIANO L2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elisabetta Jafrancesco

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Il contributo presenta i risultati di una ricerca sull’acquisizione dei segnali discorsivi (SD in italiano L2, condotta su un corpus di parlato di studenti universitari in mobilità accademica, presenti nell’università di Firenze e inseriti in percorsi formativi di italiano L2 presso il Centro Linguistico di Ateneo. Il principale obiettivo dello studio è indagare l’italiano di stranieri relativamente a questo tratto specifico al fine di individuare eventuali sequenze acquisizionali, contribuendo a delineare lo sviluppo della competenza sociopragmatica degli apprendenti nei livelli di competenza proposti nel Quadro comune europeo di riferimento per le lingue (QCER Si analizza, in particolare, l’uso dei SD nel parlato dialogico degli informanti nei Livelli basico, indipendente e competente del QCER – con riferimento al modello tassonomico dei SD proposto da Bazzanella nella Grande grammatica italiana di consultazione (1995, integrato, in relazione allo specifico contesto, con nuove funzioni – evidenziando i principali macrofenomeni emersi, con l’intento inoltre di riflettere su come i dati dell’acquisizione dell’italiano L2 possono rappresentare un punto di riferimento per la definizione di percorsi formativi coerenti con i processi naturali di sviluppo della competenza.Acquisition of discourse markers in Italian L2The paper presents the results of a study on the acquisition of discourse markers (SD in Italian L2 students, conducted on a corpus of spoken language by university students at the University of Florence who attended Italian L2 language course at the University Language Center. The main objective of the study was to investigate the Italian of foreigners in relation to this specific trait in order to identify possible acquisitional sequences, helping shape the development of learners' socio-pragmatic competence levels proposed in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR. In particular, we

  13. First Imported Case of Zika Virus Infection into Korea.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jang, Hee-Chang; Park, Wan Beom; Kim, Uh Jin; Chun, June Young; Choi, Su-Jin; Choe, Pyoeng Gyun; Jung, Sook-In; Jee, Youngmee; Kim, Nam-Joong; Choi, Eun Hwa; Oh, Myoung-Don

    2016-07-01

    Since Zika virus has been spreading rapidly in the Americas from 2015, the outbreak of Zika virus infection becomes a global health emergency because it can cause neurological complications and adverse fetal outcome including microcephaly. Here, we report clinical manifestations and virus isolation findings from a case of Zika virus infection imported from Brazil. The patient, 43-year-old Korean man, developed fever, myalgia, eyeball pain, and maculopapular rash, but not neurological manifestations. Zika virus was isolated from his semen, and reverse-transcriptase PCR was positive for the virus in the blood, urine, and saliva on the 7th day of the illness but was negative on the 21st day. He recovered spontaneously without any neurological complications. He is the first case of Zika virus infection in Korea imported from Brazil.

  14. Delicta reservata seu delicta graviora: la disciplina dei crimini rimessi alla competenza della Congregazione per la Dottrina della Fede

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniela Milani

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available contributo sottoposto a valutazioneSOMMARIO: 1. La disciplina dei delicta graviora: una riforma mossa dall'esigenza di contrastare la piaga della pedofilia – 2. Delicta graviora o delicta reservata? Una bussola per orientarsi tra entità del vulnus e competenza – 3. Introduzione alle fattispecie – 4. I delitti contro la fede  – 5. (segue contro la celebrazione dei sacramenti – 6. (segue contro i costumi – 7. La procedura – 8. Qualche considerazione di sistema.

  15. Computational identification of mutually homologous Zika virus ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Background Zika virus (ZIKV) has been associated with a variety of neuropathologies, including microcephaly. We hypothesize that ZIKV genes activate host microRNAs (miRNAs) causing dysfunctional development of human fetal brains. Objectives/methods A bioinformatics search for miRNA genome-wide binding sites in ...

  16. Trent'anni che sconvolsero la fisica la storia della teoria dei quanti

    CERN Document Server

    Gamow, George

    1993-01-01

    Gli anni dal 1900 al 1930 hanno portato un profondo mutamento nella visione che l'uomo aveva dell'universo: tra la prima idea di Max Planck dei quanti di luce nel 1900, e la previsione dell'esistenza delle antiparticelle formulata da P. A. M. Dirac nel 1929, corre un periodo di emozionanti progressi nel campo della fisica teorica.

  17. Ecce Agnus Dei, qui tollit peccata mundi. Sobre los símbolos de Jesucristo en la Edad Media

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Torres Jiménez, Raquel

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available The article deals with the symbolic meanings of Agnus Dei in the Middle Ages, its uses, reception and evolution, from the perspective of both religious and cultural history. It makes use of the analysis of the Church Fathers’ texts, Christian medieval literature, theological discourse, biblical exegesis in the medieval context, iconography, objects from churches, as well as the analysis of liturgy and mysticism. The text gives priority to an integral view of the symbol, which, beyond moral analogies, is able to explain the whole history of salvation: Agnus Dei evokes how the salvific facts of the past become present in the Eucharist and extend triumphantly into the future.El artículo trata de los significados simbólicos del Agnus Dei en la Edad Media, sus usos, recepciones y evolución, desde la perspectiva de la historia religiosa y de la historia cultural. Se sirve del análisis de textos de los Padres de la Iglesia, literatura cristiana medieval, discursos teológicos, exégesis bíblica en el contexto medieval, iconografía, objetos de iglesias, liturgia, mística. Se privilegia la visión integral de este símbolo, que, más allá de analogías morales, tiene capacidad para explicar toda la historia de la salvación: el Agnus Dei evoca cómo los hechos salvíficos del pasado se hacen presentes en la eucaristía y se proyectan triunfalmente hacia el futuro.

  18. Testing for Zika virus infection in pregnancy: key concepts to deal with an emerging epidemic.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eppes, Catherine; Rac, Martha; Dunn, James; Versalovic, James; Murray, Kristy O; Suter, Melissa A; Sanz Cortes, Magda; Espinoza, Jimmy; Seferovic, Maxim D; Lee, Wesley; Hotez, Peter; Mastrobattista, Joan; Clark, Steven L; Belfort, Michael A; Aagaard, Kjersti M

    2017-03-01

    Zika virus is an emerging mosquito-borne (Aedes genus) arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family. Following epidemics in Micronesia and French Polynesia during the past decade, more recent Zika virus infection outbreaks were first reported in South America as early as May 2013 and spread to now 50 countries throughout the Americas. Although no other flavivirus has previously been known to cause major fetal malformations following perinatal infection, reports of a causal link between Zika virus and microcephaly, brain and ocular malformations, and fetal loss emerged from hard-hit regions of Brazil by October 2015. Among the minority of infected women with symptoms, clinical manifestations of Zika virus infection may include fever, headache, arthralgia, myalgia, and maculopapular rash; however, only 1 of every 4-5 people who are infected have any symptoms. Thus, clinical symptom reporting is an ineffective screening tool for the relative risk assessment of Zika virus infection in the majority of patients. As previously occurred with other largely asymptomatic viral infections posing perinatal transmission risk (such as HIV or cytomegalovirus), we must develop and implement rapid, sensitive, and specific screening and diagnostic testing for both viral detection and estimation of timing of exposure. Unfortunately, despite an unprecedented surge in attempts to rapidly advance perinatal clinical testing for a previously obscure arbovirus, there are several ongoing hindrances to molecular- and sonographic-based screening and diagnosis of congenital Zika virus infection. These include the following: (1) difficulty in estimating the timing of exposure for women living in endemic areas and thus limited interpretability of immunoglobulin M serologies; (2) cross-reaction of immunoglobulin serologies with other endemic flaviruses, such as dengue; (3) persistent viremia and viruria in pregnancy weeks to months after primary exposure; and (4) fetal brain malformations and anomalies

  19. Bambini stranieri con bisogni speciali: rappresentazione della disabilità dei figli da parte delle famiglie migranti e degli insegnanti

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alain Goussot

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available Interviste qualitative a genitori immigrati di bambine e bambini con disabilità: 5 interviste a Cesena e 4 interviste a Pescara. Somministrazione questionari ad insegnanti. La maggioranza dei bambini frequenta la scuola primaria e qualcuno la secondaria. Dalle interviste fatte ai genitori, in particolare le madri si hanno una serie di indicazioni sulla storia nella prima infanzia, su come i genitori vivono la disabilità dei propri figli in una condizione particolare che è quella dell'esperienza migratoria. Nella ricostruzione della storia migratoria abbiamo anche la ricostruzione delle storie cliniche dei bambini; alcuni con disabilità congenite (la maggior parte di tipo sensoriale (sordità, cecità , qualcuno con disabilità intellettiva, vi sono anche due casi con disabilità acquisite. la ricerca mette in evidenza quanto lo sguardo e il vissuto dei genitori sia fortemente condizionato da alcuni variabili: cultura di origine, condizioni e motivi dell'esperienza migratoria, evento traumatico che provoca la disabilità, condizioni dell'accoglienza in Italia, storia familiare, aspettative di guarigione dei genitori. Vi è anche una analisi del vissuto delle madri e del loro modo di concepire la relazione con il figlio disabile: vissuto e concezione fortemente condizionati dalla cultura della cura del proprio contesto di origine e dalle condizioni psico-affettive e sociali dell'inserimento della donna. Vi sono madri che arrivano in Italia pensando di curare e 'riparare' il figlio, vi è anche chi si trova in difficoltà nel combinare lo sguardo medico della neuropsichiatria infantile 'occidentale' con lo sguardo della cultura tradizionale del paese di provenienza. Quello che emerge dal lavoro è anche l'importanza del nesso madre-figlia/o disabile nonché la valorizzazione delle forme di maternage veicolate dalle madri migranti; forme che non coincidono sempre con quelle italiane. I casi di accompagnamento positivo sono dovuti all

  20. Five cases of acute Zika virus infection in French women of reproductive age returning from Central and South America.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Penot, P; Balavoine, S; Leplatois, A; Brichler, S; Leparc-Goffart, I; Alloui, A-C; Flusin, O; Guilleminot, J; Amellou, M; Molina, J-M

    2017-08-01

    The favorable season for Aedes albopictus circulation has started in Europe and may lead to autochthonous transmission of Zika virus. Health care providers should be familiar with evocative clinical presentations and able to give updated information to women of reproductive age infected by Zika virus. We report five laboratory-confirmed Zika virus infections imported to metropolitan France from Central and South America between January and April, 2016. The five young women were not connected and not pregnant; common presentation combined a rash with persistent arthralgia. Zika virus was identified by RT-PCR from serum or urines, between two and eight days after the onset of the symptoms. As the duration of potential materno-foetal infectivity is still unknown, we were unable to answer with certitude to the patients' questions about the time interval to respect before attempting a pregnancy: one of them became pregnant one month after the diagnosis. Copyright © 2016 Société Nationale Française de Médecine Interne (SNFMI). Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

  1. Fetal echocardiography

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007340.htm Fetal echocardiography To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript. Fetal echocardiography is a test that uses sound waves ( ultrasound ) ...

  2. Critical load of acid precipitations. Mapping of Italian regions; Mappa dei carichi critici di acidita' totale riferita al territorio italiano

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bonanni, P.; Brini, S.; Delmonaco, G.; Liburdi, R.; Trocciola, A.; Vetrella, G. [ENEA Centro Ricerche Casaccia, S. Maria di Galeria, RM (Italy). Dipt. Ambiente

    1999-07-01

    In this report the mapping of critical loads of acidity for the Italian terrestrial ecosystems is presented. The level O method (Stockholm Environment Institute) has been used to determine sensitivity to acid deposition; this semi-quantitative method has been modified to address some Italian characteristics. The results show that the sensitivity of the Italian soils to acidification is not particularly elevated: there are really only few small areas with poor tolerance to acid depositions. These areas are in the north-east of Italy, in Alpine and Prealpine region. [Italian] Nel rapporto vengono riportati i risultati della mappatura, riferita agli ecosistemi terrestri del territorio italiano, dei carichi critici per l'acidita' totale. Il calcolo dei carichi critici e' stato eseguito sulla base della metodologia messa a punto dallo Stokholm Environment Institute; a questo metodo semi-quantitativo sono state apportate alcune modifiche per meglio adattarlo alle caratteristiche del territorio italiano. Dall'analisi dei risultati ottenuti, si evince come la sensibilita' dei suoli italiani all'acidificazione non sia particolarmente elevata: sono state riscontrate infatti solo alcune aree, peraltro con superficie limitata, con una scarsa tolleranza alle deposizioni acide. Tali aree sono localizzate nell'Italia nord-orientale, in zona alpina e prealpina.

  3. Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) for fetal monitoring during labour.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Neilson, James P

    2015-12-21

    Hypoxaemia during labour can alter the shape of the fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform, notably the relation of the PR to RR intervals, and elevation or depression of the ST segment. Technical systems have therefore been developed to monitor the fetal ECG during labour as an adjunct to continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring with the aim of improving fetal outcome and minimising unnecessary obstetric interference. To compare the effects of analysis of fetal ECG waveforms during labour with alternative methods of fetal monitoring. The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (latest search 23 September 2015) and reference lists of retrieved studies. Randomised trials comparing fetal ECG waveform analysis with alternative methods of fetal monitoring during labour. One review author independently assessed trials for inclusion and risk of bias, extracted data and checked them for accuracy. One review author assessed the quality of the evidence using the GRADE approach. Seven trials (27,403 women) were included: six trials of ST waveform analysis (26,446 women) and one trial of PR interval analysis (957 women). The trials were generally at low risk of bias for most domains and the quality of evidence for ST waveform analysis trials was graded moderate to high. In comparison to continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring alone, the use of adjunctive ST waveform analysis made no obvious difference to primary outcomes: births by caesarean section (risk ratio (RR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96 to 1.08; six trials, 26,446 women; high quality evidence); the number of babies with severe metabolic acidosis at birth (cord arterial pH less than 7.05 and base deficit greater than 12 mmol/L) (average RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.20; six trials, 25,682 babies; moderate quality evidence); or babies with neonatal encephalopathy (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.30 to 1.22; six trials, 26,410 babies; high quality evidence). There were, however, on average

  4. Inizio di Carlo Sini: la crisi dei saperi e il compito pedagogico del pensiero

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paolo Beretta

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Nelle diverse sezioni che compongono Inizio, Carlo Sini affronta in vari modi, a partire da spunti differenti, la crisi attuale dei saperi nel loro senso complessivo e la necessità per la filosofia di ritornare alla sua vocazione pedagogica.

  5. Pulmonary Hypoplasia Caused by Fetal Ascites in Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection Despite Fetal Therapy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kazumichi Fujioka

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available We report two cases of pulmonary hypoplasia due to fetal ascites in symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV infections despite fetal therapy. The patients died soon after birth. The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypoplasia in our cases might be thoracic compression due to massive fetal ascites as a result of liver insufficiency. Despite aggressive fetal treatment, including multiple immunoglobulin administration, which was supposed to diminish the pathogenic effects of CMV either by neutralization or immunomodulatory effects, the fetal ascites was uncontrollable. To prevent development of pulmonary hypoplasia in symptomatic congenital CMV infections, further fetal intervention to reduce ascites should be considered.

  6. Fetal scalp pH testing

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fetal scalp blood; Scalp pH testing; Fetal blood testing - scalp; Fetal distress - fetal scalp testing; Labor - fetal scalp testing ... a baby. In these cases, testing the scalp pH can help the doctor decide whether the fetus ...

  7. DETERMINACIÓN DEL CATABOLISMO DE LOS ANTICUERPOS MATERNOS Y SU INTERACCIÓN CON DIFERENTES PLANES VACUNALES PARA LA ENFERMEDAD DE GUMBORO EN POLLOS DE ENGORDE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. Castañeda

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Con el in de evaluar el catabolismo de los anticuerpos maternos y su interferencia con tres planes vacunales diferentes contra la enfermedad de Gumboro se realizó un estudio utilizando pollos de la estirpe Ross 308, divididos en cuatro grupos: grupo 1: control (sin vacuna; grupo 2: vacunado los días 1, 7 y 15; grupo 3: vacunados los días 1 y 12; y grupo 4: vacunado el día 12. En el primer experimento el biológico se suministró en el agua de bebida, y en el segundo se hizo en el pico. Se sacriicaron 15 aves de cada grupo a los 1, 12, 21 y 42 días de edad y se evaluó peso corporal, tamaño y peso de la bolsa de Fabricio, relación peso bolsa/peso corporal (PB/PC, grado de depleción linfoide, presencia de cepas estándar y/o variantes del virus y los títulos de anticuerpos para la enfermedad de Gumboro. El catabolismo de los anticuerpos maternos ocurrió entre los 21 y 28 días de edad. En los grupos vacunados no se evidenció una respuesta inmune activa frente a ningún plan vacunal. La relación PB/PC no indicó atroia de la bolsa en el experimento 1, aunque las lesiones histopatológicas en el último muestreo fueron grado 3; en el segundo experimento solamente el grupo 3 presentó una disminución en la relación PB/PC; las lesiones histopatológicas en el tercer y cuarto muestreos, en todos los grupos, fueron clasiicadas como grado 3 y 4. En los dos experimentos se detectó la presencia de cepas tanto clásicas como variantes y una baja respuesta humoral. Ninguno de los tres planes vacunales conirió adecuada protección a las aves.

  8. DETERMINACIÓN DEL CATABOLISMO DE LOS ANTICUERPOS MATERNOS Y SU INTERACCIÓN CON DIFERENTES PLANES VACUNALES PARA LA ENFERMEDAD DE GUMBORO EN POLLOS DE ENGORDE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Robin O. J.

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available Con el in de evaluar el catabolismo de los anticuerpos maternos y su interferencia con tres planes vacunales diferentes contra la enfermedad de Gumboro se realizó un estudio utilizando pollos de la estirpe Ross 308, divididos en cuatro grupos: grupo 1: control (sin vacuna; grupo 2: vacunado los días 1, 7 y 15; grupo 3: vacunados los días 1 y 12; y grupo 4: vacunado el día 12. En el primer experimento el biológico se suministró en el agua de bebida, y en el segundo se hizo en el pico. Se sacriicaron 15 aves de cada grupo a los 1, 12, 21 y 42 días de edad y se evaluó peso corporal, tamaño y peso de la bolsa de Fabricio, relación peso bolsa/peso corporal (PB/PC, grado de depleción linfoide, presencia de cepas estándar y/o variantes del virus y los títulos de anticuerpos para la enfermedad de Gumboro. El catabolismo de los anticuerpos maternos ocurrió entre los 21 y 28 días de edad. En los grupos vacunados no se evidenció una respuesta inmune activa frente a ningún plan vacunal. La relación PB/PC no indicó atroia de la bolsa en el experimento 1, aunque las lesiones histopatológicas en el último muestreo fueron grado 3; en el segundo experimento solamente el grupo 3 presentó una disminución en la relación PB/PC; las lesiones histopatológicas en el tercer y cuarto muestreos, en todos los grupos, fueron clasiicadas como grado 3 y 4. En los dos experimentos se detectó la presencia de cepas tanto clásicas como variantes y una baja respuesta humoral. Ninguno de los tres planes vacunales conirió adecuada protección a las aves.

  9. [Incidence of fetal macrosomia: maternal and fetal morbidity].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rodríguez-Rojas, R R; Cantú-Esquivel, M G; Benavides-de la Garza, L; Benavides-de Anda, L

    1996-06-01

    The macrosomia is an obstetric eventuality associated to high maternal-fetal morbidity-mortality. This assay was planned in order to know the incidence of macrosomia in our institution, the relation between vaginal and abdominal deliveries and the fetal-maternal morbidity we reviewed 3590 records and we found 5.6% incidence of macrosomia in the global obstetric population. There was 58% of vaginal deliveries, 68% of the newborn were male. The main complications were in the C. sections, 2 laceration of the hysterectomy, and 2 peroperative atonias. In the vaginal deliveries, the lacerations of III and IV grade were 9 of each grade. The main fetal complications were 5 slight to severe asphyxia and 4 shoulder dystocias. This assay concludes that the macrosomia in our service is similar to the already published ones, a 42% were C. section and the maternal-fetal morbidity was low.

  10. The use of non-invasive fetal electrocardiography in diagnosing second-degree fetal atrioventricular block.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lakhno, Igor; Behar, Joachim A; Oster, Julien; Shulgin, Vyacheslav; Ostras, Oleksii; Andreotti, Fernando

    2017-01-01

    Complete atrioventricular block in fetuses is known to be mostly associated with autoimmune disease and can be irreversible if no steroids treatment is provided. Conventional methods used in clinical practice for diagnosing fetal arrhythmia are limited since they do not reflect the primary electrophysiological conduction processes that take place in the myocardium. The non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram has the potential to better support fetal arrhythmias diagnosis through the continuous analysis of the beat to beat variation of the fetal heart rate and morphological analysis of the PQRST complex. We present two retrospective case reports on which atrioventricular block diagnosis could have been supported by the non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram. The two cases comprised a 22-year-old pregnant woman with the gestational age of 31 weeks and a 25-year-old pregnant woman with the gestational age of 41 weeks. Both women were admitted to the Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine at the Kyiv and Kharkiv municipal perinatal clinics. Patients were observed using standard fetal monitoring methods as well as the non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram. The non-invasive fetal electrocardiographic recordings were analyzed retrospectively, where it is possible to identify the presence of the atrioventricular block. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the feasibility of the non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram as a supplementary method to diagnose of the fetal atrioventricular block. Combined with current fetal monitoring techniques, non-invasive fetal electrocardiography could support clinical decisions.

  11. La libertà religiosa tra ascesa e crisi dei diritti umani

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlo Cardia

    2016-06-01

    SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa – 2. Il cammino verso la laicità dello Stato – 3. La rivoluzione della laicità, i totalitarismi, la terra promessa dei diritti umani – 4. Le nuove sfide. il secolarismo senza etica – 5. Altri segni di regresso: antisemitismo, guerra ai simboli religiosi – 6. Il mischiarsi della storia, il confondersi di religioni, popoli, culture – 7. La bestemmia della violenza religiosa.

  12. Prevalência de práticas educativas acerca do aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME em Cuiabá - MT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luma Natalia Barbosa

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência das práticas educativas em saúde sobre o aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME no Município de Cuiabá - MT nos meses de julho a dezembro de 2012. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal, realizado junto a mulheres internadas em um hospital. A amostra foi composta por 306 mulheres no período pós-parto imediato. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário semiestruturado. Resultados: Ter oito anos ou mais de estudo (RP = 1,77; ter renda até dois salários mínimos (RP = 1,22; ter planejado a gravidez (RP = 1,31; ter iniciado o atendimento no serviço de pré-natal no primeiro trimestre (RP = 1,65 e serem primíparas (RP = 1,21 são características que aparecem associadas com uma maior chance de receber orientações sobre aleitamento materno do que as demais mulheres. Conclusão: Faz-se necessário repensar mudanças dessas práticas, a fim de se realizar ações educativas que busquem efetivar transformações na relação profissional/usuário, visando o acolhimento das gestantes.

  13. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging: methods and techniques; Fetale Magnetresonanztomographie: Methoden und Technik

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Brugger, P.C. [Zentrum fuer Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Medizinische Universitaet Wien (Austria). Arbeitsgruppe Integrative Morphologie; Stuhr, F.; Lindner, C.; Prayer, D. [Medizinische Universitaet Wien (Austria). Klinik fuer Radiodiagnostik

    2006-02-15

    Since the introduction of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) into prenatal diagnostics, advances in coil technology and development of ultrafast sequences have further enhanced this technique. At present numerous sequences are available to visualize the whole fetus with high resolution and image quality, even in late stages of pregnancy. Taking into consideration the special circumstances of examination and adjusting sequence parameters to gestational age, fetal anatomy can be accurately depicted. The variety of sequences also allows further characterization of fetal tissues and pathologies. Fetal MRI not only supplies additional information to routine ultrasound studies, but also reveals fetal morphology and pathology in a way hitherto not possible. (orig.) [German] Seit Einfuehrung der fetalen Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) in die praenatale Diagnostik wurde das Verfahren durch neue Spulentechniken und die Entwicklung ultraschneller Sequenzen kontinuierlich weiter entwickelt. Gegenwaertig steht eine Vielzahl von Sequenzen zur Verfuegung, die es erlauben, mit hoher Bildqualitaet und raeumlicher Aufloesung selbst in fortgeschrittenen Schwangerschaftsstadien den gesamten Feten darzustellen. Unter Beruecksichtigung der speziellen Untersuchungsbedingungen und des Schwangerschaftsalters kann so die fetale Anatomie genau abgebildet werden. Die Vielfalt an Sequenzen und deren gezielter Einsatz ermoeglichen es weiter, fetale Gewebe und Pathologien naeher zu charakterisierten. Auf diese Weise liefert die fetale MRT nicht nur Zusatzinformationen zur Routineultraschalluntersuchung, sie gibt auch Aufschluss ueber bestimmte fetale Morphologien und Pathologien, die bisher nicht darstellbar waren. (orig.)

  14. Automedicación en gestantes que acuden al Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Perú 2011 Self-medication behavior among pregnant women user of the Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Peru 2011

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elsy Miní

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de automedicación en gestantes y sus características, se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal. Se entrevistó a 400 gestantes que acudían a control prenatal en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal de Lima. El 10,5% (42 pacientes se automedicó durante la gestación, el 64,6% opinó que la automedicación puede producir malformaciones congénitas a sus bebes. Los medicamentos consumidos por las gestantes estuvieron en categoría A y B de la clasificación de la Administración de Alimentos y Drogas de EUA (FDA; principalmente, consumieron paracetamol (47,6% y amoxicilina (16,7%. Todas las mujeres que se automedicaron durante la gestación lo habían hecho antes de estar embarazadas. De acuerdo con estos resultados concluimos que la prevalencia de automedicación en gestantes del estudio es baja, comparado con la literatura internacional.We aim to determine the prevalence of self prescribing behaviour during pregnancy and its characteristics. For this purpose, we designed a cross sectional study and interviewed 400 pregnant women who had their prenatal care at Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima. We found that 10.5% of the patients (42 patients had a self prescribing behavior during pregnancy, 64.5% think that self prescribing behavior can produce congenital malformations. The medications used were classified as type A and B according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA. Paracetamol was used more frequently (47.6% followed by amoxicillin (16.7%. All the women who self-prescribed have had this behavior before pregnancy. According to these results, we conclude there is a low prevalence of self-prescribing behavior during pregnancy compared to the international literature.

  15. Conhecimento de mulheres com diabetes mellitus sobre cuidados pré-concepcionais e riscos materno-fetais

    OpenAIRE

    Escolástica Rejane Ferreira Moura; Danielle Rosa Evangelista; Ana Kelve de Castro Damasceno

    2012-01-01

    Objetivou-se descrever o perfil reprodutivo de mulheres com diabetes mellitus (DM) e verificar o nível de conhecimento destas quanto aos riscos maternos e fetais e os cuidados pré-concepcionais. Estudo exploratório, que contou com a participação de 106 mulheres, realizado no Centro Integrado de Hipertensão e Diabetes, de março a julho de 2009. As variáveis reprodutivas foram: número de gestações, partos e abortos e planejamento da gravidez. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista que ...

  16. Cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kagan, Karl Oliver; Hamprecht, Klaus

    2017-07-01

    Due to the severe risk of long-term sequelae, prenatal cytomegalovirus infection is of particular importance amongst intrauterine viral infections. This review summarizes the current knowledge about CMV infection in pregnancy. A search of the Medline and Embase database was done for articles about CMV infection in pregnany. We performed a detailed review of the literature in view of diagnosis, epidemiology and management of CMV infection in pregnancy. The maternal course of the infection is predominantly asymptomatic; the infection often remains unrecognized until the actual fetal manifestation. Typical ultrasound signs that should arouse suspicion of intrauterine CMV infection can be distinguished into CNS signs such as ventriculomegaly or microcephaly and extracerebral infection signs such as hepatosplenomegaly or hyperechogenic bowel. Current treatment strategies focus on hygienic measures to prevent a maternal CMV infection during pregnancy, on maternal application of hyperimmunoglobulines to avoid materno-fetal transmission in case of a maternal seroconversion, and on an antiviral therapy in case the materno-fetal transmission have occurred. CMV infection in pregnancy may result in a severe developmental disorder of the newborn. This should be taken into account in the treatment of affected and non-affected pregnant women.

  17. Jeanne Hersch: una filosofia dei contorni

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberta De Monticelli

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available A Si tracciano le linee fondamentali del pensiero di Jeanne Hersch (Ginevra, 1910-2000, che concepisce la filosofia come servizio anti-idolatrico nei confronti della trascendenza da un lato, e dall’altro come continua presa di coscienza dei gesti della libertà che fanno irriducibile al dato e insieme profondamente individuata, qui ed ora, la nostra vita. Si mostra come l’ontologia di questa pensatrice sia indissociabile dalla sua estetica, o piuttosto dalla sua teoria del fare umano quale partecipazione finita e incarnata alla creazione. Si mostra il nesso da lei particolarmente sottolineato fra consistenza morale personale e responsabilità del pensiero teorico, sulla base dell’esempio negativo di Heidegger, sostenitore del nazismo. Si discute la netta presa di posizione che Jeanne Hersch assume contro le seduzioni e le liturgie verbali del suo pensiero incantatorio, irresponsabile nei confronti della verità e “radicato nel disprezzo”.

  18. Fetal cardiology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Meijboom, E.J.; Rijsterborgh, N.; Bom, N.

    1986-01-01

    Doppler echocardiography makes it possible to diagnose congenital heart disease in early pregnancy. It allows us to study the anatomical configuration of the fetal heart, and additionally, to evaluate the physiological conditions of the fetus. Evaluation of the direction, velocity, wave form pattern, and quantification of blood flow at the various sites in the fetal heart helps us to assess the characteristics of the fetal circulation and condition of the fetal heart. In order to use this technique in pathological situations, an initial study of the developing normal human fetal circulation was necessary. The authors studied 34 uncomplicated pregnancies by serial Doppler echocardiography. The studies were performed every 4 weeks from 16-weeks gestation to term. The pulsed Doppler sector scanner provided cardiac cross-sectional images, mitral and tricuspid blood velocities were obtained from apical four-chamber views. Angle corrected maximal and mean temporal velocities were calculated by digitizing the Doppler frequency shift recording on a graphic tablet computed with a minicomputer. The angle between the Doppler interrogation beam and the direction of blood flow was kept as small as possible in order to minimize the error

  19. Bovine herpes virus infections in cattle.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nandi, S; Kumar, Manoj; Manohar, M; Chauhan, R S

    2009-06-01

    Bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1) is primarily associated with clinical syndromes such as rhinotracheitis, pustular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis, abortion, infertility, conjunctivitis and encephalitis in bovine species. The main sources of infection are the nasal exudates and the respiratory droplets, genital secretions, semen, fetal fluids and tissues. The BHV-1 virus can become latent following a primary infection with a field isolate or vaccination with an attenuated strain. The viral genomic DNA has been demonstrated in the sensory ganglia of the trigeminal nerve in infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and in sacral spinal ganglia in pustular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis cases. BHV-1 infections can be diagnosed by detection of virus or virus components and antibody by serological tests or by detection of genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nucleic acid hybridization and sequencing. Inactivated vaccines and modified live virus vaccines are used for prevention of BHV-1 infections in cattle; subunit vaccines and marker vaccines are under investigation.

  20. Nuclear polyhedrosis virus as a biological control agent for Malacosoma americanum (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

    Science.gov (United States)

    R.A. Progar; M.J. Rinella; D. Fekedulegn; L. Butler

    2010-01-01

    In addition to damaging trees, the eastern tent caterpillar is implicated in early fetal loss and late-term abortion in horses. In a field study, we evaluated the potential biological control of the caterpillar using eastern tent caterpillar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ETNPV), a naturally occurring virus that is nearly species-specific. Egg masses were hatched and...

  1. Topicality of the Second Vatican Council Constitution Dei Verbum in Contemporary Biblical Studies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bogdan Zbroja

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available The article discusses the issue of how strongly contemporary ecclesiological and scholarly approach to the Sacred Scripture is rooted in the Second Vatican Council Constitution Dei Verbum. The Bible originates from the faith of the Church, and, together with Tradition, helps to build this faith. The text consists of three sections. The first one focuses on God, who reveals Himself and His plan of salvation to man. Then, the ways in which God communicates with man through human authors and the long process of writing the inspired sacred books  are mentioned. The last part emphasises how important it is for man to respond to the Word of God, which will enable the salvific dialogue of man with his Father, through His Son in the Holy Spirit. The community of Church faith is a natural environment of research,  devotional reading and encounters with the Word of God, which are the elements of Christian life that the Constitution Dei Verbum (no. 25 encourages to implement.

  2. Human fetal anatomy: MR imaging.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Weinreb, J C; Lowe, T; Cohen, J M; Kutler, M

    1985-12-01

    Twenty-four pregnant women carrying 26 fetuses (two sets of twins) were imaged with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 0.35 T following sonographic evaluation. Each study was retrospectively evaluated to determine which of 33 normal fetal structures were visible on the images and which imaging parameters were most useful for depicting fetal anatomy. Fetal motion degraded fetal images in all but two cases, both with oligohydramnios and in the third trimester of gestation. Nevertheless, many fetal structures were identifiable, particularly in the third trimester. Visualization of fetal anatomy improved with intravenous maternal sedation in five cases. Relatively T1-weighted images occasionally offered the advantage of less image degradation owing to fetal motion and improved contrast between different fetal structures. More T2 weighting was believed to be advantageous in one case for outlining the fetal head and in one case for delineation of the brain. In many cases, structures were similarly identifiable (though with different signal intensities) regardless of the parameters selected. The authors conclude that MR imaging of many fetal structures is currently unsatisfactory and is probably of limited value, particularly in the first and second trimesters. However, the relative frequency and detail with which the fetal head and liver can be depicted indicate that these may be areas for further investigation, and the potential utility of imaging fetal fat warrants further investigation.

  3. O perfil de portadores de diabetes tipo 1 considerando seu histórico de aleitamento materno El perfil de los portadores de Diabetes tipo 1 considerando su histórico de amamantamiento materno The profile of people with Type 1 Diabetes considering their history of breast feeding

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dalila Teixeira Leal

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Trata-se de um estudo que teve como objetivo descrever o perfil dos usuários de um Serviço de Controle de Hipertensão, Diabetes e Obesidade e discutir a relação entre a história de aleitamento materno da criança ou adolescente portador de diabetes tipo 1 e o desenvolvimento desta patologia. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário estruturado, aplicado aos pais ou responsáveis de crianças ou adolescentes portadoras de diabetes mellitus tipo 1, durante o segundo semestre de 2007. Os dados foram analisados com uma abordagem quantitativa, em que se utilizou a estatística descritiva. Como resultados foram apresentados dados referentes à caracterização da amostra, ocorrência do desmame precoce, período de aleitamento materno exclusivo, dieta oferecida após o desmame, entre outros. Na conclusão é evidenciada a significativa relação entre desmame precoce, com a consequente introdução de substitutos do leite materno e o desenvolvimento do diabetes mellitus tipo 1.Es un estudio que tuvo como objetivo describir el perfil de los usuarios del Servicio de Control de Hipertensión, Diabetes y Obesidad y discutir la relación entre la historia de amamantamiento materno del niño o del adolescente portador de diabetes tipo 1 y el desenvolvimiento de esta enfermedad. La colecta de los datos fue realizada por medio de un cuestionario estructurado, aplicado en los padres o responsables de estos niños, durante el 2º semestre de 2007. Los datos fueron analizados en un abordaje cuantitativo en que se utilizó la estadística descriptiva. Como resultados fueron presentados datos referentes a la caracterización de la muestra, ocurrencia de la interrupción del amamantamiento precoz, período de amamantamiento materno exclusivo, dieta ofrecida después de la interrupción del amamantamiento y otros. En la conclusión es presentada la significativa relación entre la interrupción del amamantamiento precoz, con la consecuente

  4. Fetal MSCs

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    First page Back Continue Last page Overview Graphics. Derived from extra embryonic tissues (amniotic fluid, placenta, cord blood, Wharton's Jelly) and fetal tissues (aborted fetuses). Derived from extra embryonic tissues (amniotic fluid, placenta, cord blood, Wharton's Jelly) and fetal tissues (aborted fetuses). In comparison ...

  5. “Deus está sonhando você”: Narrativa como Imitatio Dei em Miguel de Unamuno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaimir Conte

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available Traduçáo do artigo "'God is dreaming you': Narrative as Imitatio Dei in Miguel de Unamuno," artigo publicado originalmente Janus Head –Interdisciplinary Studies in Continental Philosophy, Literature, and the Arts, Volume 7, Issue 2

  6. Fetal abdominal magnetic resonance imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brugger, Peter C.; Prayer, Daniela

    2006-01-01

    This review deals with the in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of the human fetal abdomen. Imaging findings are correlated with current knowledge of human fetal anatomy and physiology, which are crucial to understand and interpret fetal abdominal MRI scans. As fetal MRI covers a period of more than 20 weeks, which is characterized not only by organ growth, but also by changes and maturation of organ function, a different MR appearance of the fetal abdomen results. This not only applies to the fetal intestines, but also to the fetal liver, spleen, and adrenal glands. Choosing the appropriate sequences, various aspects of age-related and organ-specific function can be visualized with fetal MRI, as these are mirrored by changes in signal intensities. Knowledge of normal development is essential to delineate normal from pathological findings in the respective developmental stages

  7. Fetal abdominal magnetic resonance imaging

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Brugger, Peter C. [Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Integrative Morphology Group, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13, 1090 Vienna (Austria)]. E-mail: peter.brugger@meduniwien.ac.at; Prayer, Daniela [Department of Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerguertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna (Austria)

    2006-02-15

    This review deals with the in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of the human fetal abdomen. Imaging findings are correlated with current knowledge of human fetal anatomy and physiology, which are crucial to understand and interpret fetal abdominal MRI scans. As fetal MRI covers a period of more than 20 weeks, which is characterized not only by organ growth, but also by changes and maturation of organ function, a different MR appearance of the fetal abdomen results. This not only applies to the fetal intestines, but also to the fetal liver, spleen, and adrenal glands. Choosing the appropriate sequences, various aspects of age-related and organ-specific function can be visualized with fetal MRI, as these are mirrored by changes in signal intensities. Knowledge of normal development is essential to delineate normal from pathological findings in the respective developmental stages.

  8. A single-dose live-attenuated vaccine prevents Zika virus pregnancy transmission and testis damage.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shan, Chao; Muruato, Antonio E; Jagger, Brett W; Richner, Justin; Nunes, Bruno T D; Medeiros, Daniele B A; Xie, Xuping; Nunes, Jannyce G C; Morabito, Kaitlyn M; Kong, Wing-Pui; Pierson, Theodore C; Barrett, Alan D; Weaver, Scott C; Rossi, Shannan L; Vasconcelos, Pedro F C; Graham, Barney S; Diamond, Michael S; Shi, Pei-Yong

    2017-09-22

    Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause congenital abnormities or fetal demise. The persistence of Zika virus in the male reproductive system poses a risk of sexual transmission. Here we demonstrate that live-attenuated Zika virus vaccine candidates containing deletions in the 3' untranslated region of the Zika virus genome (ZIKV-3'UTR-LAV) prevent viral transmission during pregnancy and testis damage in mice, as well as infection of nonhuman primates. After a single-dose vaccination, pregnant mice challenged with Zika virus at embryonic day 6 and evaluated at embryonic day 13 show markedly diminished levels of viral RNA in maternal, placental, and fetal tissues. Vaccinated male mice challenged with Zika virus were protected against testis infection, injury, and oligospermia. A single immunization of rhesus macaques elicited a rapid and robust antibody response, conferring complete protection upon challenge. Furthermore, the ZIKV-3'UTR-LAV vaccine candidates have a desirable safety profile. These results suggest that further development of ZIKV-3'UTR-LAV is warranted for humans.Zika virus infection can result in congenital disorders and cause disease in adults, and there is currently no approved vaccine. Here Shan et al. show that a single dose of a live-attenuated Zika vaccine prevents infection, testis damage and transmission to the fetus during pregnancy in different animal models.

  9. Viral Infections in Pregnancy: A Focus on Ebola Virus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Olgun, Nicole S

    2018-01-30

    During gestation, the immune response of the placenta to viruses and other pathogens plays an important role in determining a pregnant woman's vulnerability toward infectious diseases. Located at the maternal- fetal interface, trophoblast cells serve to minimize the spread of viruses between the host and developing fetus through an intricate system of innate antiviral immune signaling. Adverse pregnancy outcomes, ranging from learning disabilities to preterm birth and fetal death, are all documented results of a viral breach in the placental barrier. Viral infections during pregnancy can also be spread through blood and vaginal secretions, and during the post-natal period, via breast milk. Thus, even in the absence of vertical transmission of viral infection to the fetus, maternal health can still be compromised and threaten the pregnancy. The most common viral DNA isolates found in gestation are adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, and enterovirus. However, with the recent pandemic of Ebola virus, and the first documented case of a neonate to survive due to experimental therapies in 2017, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the changing roles and impacts of viral infection during pregnancy needs to be better understood, while strategies to minimize adverse pregnancy outcomes need to be identified. This review focuses on the adverse impacts of viral infection during gestation, with an emphasis on Ebola virus. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

  10. Fetal tachycardia : diagnosis and treatment

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Oudijk, Martijn Alexander

    2003-01-01

    Part I: Fetal tachyarrhythmias Diagnosis Fetal tachycardia is a serious condition warranting specialized evaluation. In chapter 2, methods of diagnosis of fetal tachycardia are described, including doppler and M-mode echocardiography and fetal magnetocardiography. The study presented in chapter 3

  11. Fetal short time variation during labor: a non-invasive alternative to fetal scalp pH measurements?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schiermeier, Sven; Reinhard, Joscha; Hatzmann, Hendrike; Zimmermann, Ralf C; Westhof, Gregor

    2009-01-01

    To determine whether short time variation (STV) of fetal heart beat correlates with scalp pH measurements during labor. From 1279 deliveries, 197 women had at least one fetal scalp pH measurement. Using the CTG-Player, STVs were calculated from the electronically saved cardiotocography (CTG) traces and related to the fetal scalp pH measurements. There was no correlation between STV and fetal scalp pH measurements (r=-0.0592). Fetal STV is an important parameter with high sensitivity for antenatal fetal acidosis. This study shows that STV calculations do not correlate with fetal scalp pH measurements during labor, hence are not helpful in identifying fetal acidosis.

  12. Who's the patient? : ethics in and around maternal-fetal surgery

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Rodrigues, Helena Catarina Misarela Loureiro

    2012-01-01

    Het complex van chirurgische handelingen en andere prenatale interventies die reeds voor de geboorte van de foetus worden uitgevoerd wordt ook wel Materno-Foetale chirurgie genoemd (MFS). Doel van deze handelingen is om levensbedreigende of met een ernstige handicap gepaard gaande afwijkingen reeds

  13. The relationship between maternal and fetal vitamin D, insulin resistance, and fetal growth.

    LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

    Walsh, Jennifer M

    2013-05-01

    Evidence for a role of vitamin D in maintaining normal glucose homeostasis is inconclusive. We sought to clarify the relationship between maternal and fetal insulin resistance and vitamin D status. This is a prospective cohort study of 60 caucasian pregnant women. Concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), glucose, insulin, and leptin were measured in early pregnancy and at 28 weeks. Ultrasound at 34 weeks assessed fetal anthropometry including abdominal wall width, a marker of fetal adiposity. At delivery birth weight was recorded and fetal 25-OHD, glucose, C-peptide, and leptin measured in cord blood. Insulin resistance was calculated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) equation. We found that those with lower 25-OHD in early pregnancy had higher HOMA indices at 28 weeks, (r = -.32, P = .02). No significant relationship existed between maternal or fetal leptin and 25-OHD, or between maternal or fetal 25-OHD and fetal anthropometry or birth weight. The incidence of vitamin D deficiency was high at each time point (15%-45%). These findings lend support to routine antenatal supplementation with vitamin D in at risk populations.

  14. Understanding the biological mechanisms of Zika virus disease ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    This project will use advanced biomolecular, genomics and proteomics techniques to explain the molecular mechanisms by which the Zika virus infects and persists in the human body, how it affects the human reproductive and central nervous system, and how the risk of fetal abnormalities can be better predicted in infected ...

  15. Characterization of the fetal blood transcriptome and proteome in maternal anti-fetal rejection: evidence of a distinct and novel type of human fetal systemic inflammatory response.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Joonho; Romero, Roberto; Chaiworapongsa, Tinnakorn; Dong, Zhong; Tarca, Adi L; Xu, Yi; Chiang, Po Jen; Kusanovic, Juan Pedro; Hassan, Sonia S; Yeo, Lami; Yoon, Bo Hyun; Than, Nandor Gabor; Kim, Chong Jai

    2013-10-01

    The human fetus is able to mount a systemic inflammatory response when exposed to microorganisms. This stereotypic response has been termed the 'fetal inflammatory response syndrome' (FIRS), defined as an elevation of fetal plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6). FIRS is frequently observed in patients whose preterm deliveries are associated with intra-amniotic infection, acute inflammatory lesions of the placenta, and a high rate of neonatal morbidity. Recently, a novel form of fetal systemic inflammation, characterized by an elevation of fetal plasma CXCL10, has been identified in patients with placental lesions consistent with 'maternal anti-fetal rejection'. These lesions include chronic chorioamnionitis, plasma cell deciduitis, and villitis of unknown etiology. In addition, positivity for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) panel-reactive antibodies (PRA) in maternal sera can also be used to increase the index of suspicion for maternal anti-fetal rejection. The purpose of this study was to determine (i) the frequency of pathologic lesions consistent with maternal anti-fetal rejection in term and spontaneous preterm births; (ii) the fetal serum concentration of CXCL10 in patients with and without evidence of maternal anti-fetal rejection; and (iii) the fetal blood transcriptome and proteome in cases with a fetal inflammatory response associated with maternal anti-fetal rejection. Maternal and fetal sera were obtained from normal term (n = 150) and spontaneous preterm births (n = 150). A fetal inflammatory response associated with maternal anti-fetal rejection was diagnosed when the patients met two or more of the following criteria: (i) presence of chronic placental inflammation; (ii) ≥80% of maternal HLA class I PRA positivity; and (iii) fetal serum CXCL10 concentration >75th percentile. Maternal HLA PRA was analyzed by flow cytometry. The concentrations of fetal CXCL10 and IL-6 were determined by ELISA. Transcriptome analysis was undertaken after the extraction of total RNA

  16. Influência das intercorrências maternas e fetais nos diferentes graus de corioamnionite Influence of maternal and fetal intercurrences on the different degrees of chorioamnionitis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliana Reis Machado

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência das complicações maternas, da prematuridade, dos parâmetros antropométricos do feto e de condições do recém-nascido nos diferentes graus de corioamnionite. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas 90 placentas provenientes de partos realizados no Hospital de Clinicas da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro com diagnóstico de inflamação no exame anatomopatológico. A revisão dos prontuários foi realizada para adquirir informações materno-fetais relevantes. A infecção foi classificada em: grau I - deciduíte; grau II - corioamnionite; grau III - corioamnionite e vasculite; grau IV - sepse neonatal; e grau V - morte fetal e pneumonite. RESULTADOS: Dentre as gestantes analisadas, 50,0% não apresentaram intercorrências, 15,0% apresentaram amniorrexe prematura, 15,0% infecção do trato urinário, 7,5% síndromes hipertensivas, 7,5% infecção transvaginal, 5,0% infecção hematogênica e 11,1% outras complicações. Mais da metade dos neonatos eram do sexo masculino e 72,2% a termo. Analisando o grau de corioamnionite, 56,7% apresentaram o grau I, 22,2 % grau II, 4,4% grau III, 10,0% grau IV e 6,7% grau V. Na análise estatística foi utilizado o Teste Χ2 para a análise de variáveis qualitativas e o Teste de Spearman para a análise das correlações. Os graus mais elevados de corioamnionite foram observados nos casos que apresentaram intercorrências maternas. Foram observadas correlações negativas entre todos os parâmetros fetais e o grau de corioamnionite, sendo significativa em relação ao peso, ao comprimento, à circunferência torácica e ao Apgar no primeiro e quinto minuto. CONCLUSÕES: Os diferentes padrões de corioamnionite estão relacionados a diferentes manifestações clínicas materno-fetais, influenciando nas condições de vida do recém-nascido e na gravidade de lesões morfológicas encontradas em natimortos.PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of maternal complications, prematurity

  17. Fetal exposure to herpesviruses may be associated with pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders and preterm birth in a Caucasian population.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gibson, C S; Goldwater, P N; MacLennan, A H; Haan, E A; Priest, K; Dekker, G A

    2008-03-01

    To investigate the role of fetal viral infection in the development of a range of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), including pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders (PIHD), antepartum haemorrhage (APH), birthweight PTBs, the risk of developing PIHD was increased in the presence of DNA from Herpes PCR group B viruses (OR 3.57, 95% CI 1.10-11.70), CMV (OR 3.89, 95% CI 1.67-9.06), any herpesvirus (OR 5.70, 95% CI 1.85-17.57) and any virus (OR 5.17, 95% CI 1.68-15.94). The presence of CMV was associated with PTB (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.14-2.27). No significant association was observed between SGA or APH and exposure to viral infection. Fetal exposure to herpesvirus infection was associated with PIHD for both term and PTBs in this exploratory study. Exposure to CMV may also be associated with PTB. These findings need confirmation in future studies.

  18. Considerazioni sul problema dei rigassificatori tra aggregazione del consenso e conflitto ambientale

    OpenAIRE

    Lodoli, Flavio

    2011-01-01

    2009/2010 Considerazioni sul problema dei Rigassificatori tra Aggregazione del Consenso e Conflitto Ambientale 1. Il nostro Paese, per scelta politica e per una sostanziale limitata capacità di innovazione del mondo industriale, ha una quota attuale di produzione di energia da fonti rinnovabili poco significativa nonostante gli investimenti, i contributi e le agevolazioni fiscali che dovrebbero incentivare opportunamente ad esempio, l’utilizzo dell’energia solare che rappresenta una...

  19. Primary Human Placental Trophoblasts are Permissive for Zika Virus (ZIKV) Replication.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aagaard, Kjersti M; Lahon, Anismrita; Suter, Melissa A; Arya, Ravi P; Seferovic, Maxim D; Vogt, Megan B; Hu, Min; Stossi, Fabio; Mancini, Michael A; Harris, R Alan; Kahr, Maike; Eppes, Catherine; Rac, Martha; Belfort, Michael A; Park, Chun Shik; Lacorazza, Daniel; Rico-Hesse, Rebecca

    2017-01-27

    Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne (Aedes genus) arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family. Although ZIKV has been predominately associated with a mild or asymptomatic dengue-like disease, its appearance in the Americas has been accompanied by a multi-fold increase in reported incidence of fetal microcephaly and brain malformations. The source and mode of vertical transmission from mother to fetus is presumptively transplacental, although a causal link explaining the interval delay between maternal symptoms and observed fetal malformations following infection has been missing. In this study, we show that primary human placental trophoblasts from non-exposed donors (n = 20) can be infected by primary passage ZIKV-FLR isolate, and uniquely allowed for ZIKV viral RNA replication when compared to dengue virus (DENV). Consistent with their being permissive for ZIKV infection, primary trophoblasts expressed multiple putative ZIKV cell entry receptors, and cellular function and differentiation were preserved. These findings suggest that ZIKV-FLR strain can replicate in human placental trophoblasts without host cell destruction, thereby serving as a likely permissive reservoir and portal of fetal transmission with risk of latent microcephaly and malformations.

  20. MALFORMAÇÕES CONGÊNITAS E FATORES DE RISCO MATERNO EM CAMPINA GRANDE - PARAÍBA

    OpenAIRE

    Virgínia Rossana de Sousa Brito; Francisco Stélio de Sousa; Francisco Henrique Gadelha; Rafaella Queiroga Souto; Ana Raquel de Figueiredo Rego; Inacia Sátiro Xavier de França

    2010-01-01

    n el siguiente artículo se realiza un estudio para verificar el predominio de niños nacidos con malformaciones congénitas en las maternidades de Campina Grande–PB y los factores de riesgo asociados. Los datos recolectados se refieren a tres cen- tros maternos a través de las Declaraciones de Nacido Vivo — DNV emitidos en el período del 2003 al 2005. La asociación entre los tipos de malformaciones y las variables fue avalorada por el Chi-cuadrado y las Odds Ratio, fueron calculadas para cada v...

  1. Fetal Echocardiography and Indications

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Melih Atahan Güven

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available Congenital heart diseases are encountered in 0.8% of live births and are among the most frequently diagnosed malformations. At least half of these anomalies end up with death or require surgical interventions and are responsible for 30% of the perinatal mortality. Fetal echocardiography is the sum of knowledge, skill and orientation rather than knowing the embryologic details of the fetal heart. The purpose of fetal echocardiography is to document the presence of normal fetal cardiac anatomy and rhythm in high risk group and to define the anomaly and arrhythmia if present. A certain sequence should be followed during the evaluation of fetal heart. Sequential segmental analysis (SSA and basic definition terminology made it possible to determine a lot of complex cardiac anomalies during prenatal period. By the end of 1970’s, Shinebourne started using sequential segmental analysis for fetal cardiac evaluation and today, prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease is possible without any confusion. In this manner, whole fetal heart can be evaluated as the relation of three segments (atria, ventricles and the great arteries with each other, irrelevant of complexity of a possible cardiac anomaly. Presence of increased nuchal thickness during early gestation and abnormal four-chamber-view during ultrasonography by the obstetrician presents a clear indication for fetal echocardiography,however, one should keep in mind that 80-90% of the babies born with a congenital heart disease do not have a familial or maternal risk factor. In addition, it should be remembered that expectant mothers with diabetes mellitus pose an indication for fetal echocardiography.

  2. Value of amniocentesis versus fetal tissue for cytogenetic analysis in cases of fetal demise.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bryant Borders, Ann E; Greenberg, Jessica; Plaga, Stacey; Shepard-Hinton, Megan; Yates, Carin; Elias, Sherman; Shulman, Lee P

    2009-01-01

    Use of fetal tissue for cytogenetic analysis in cases of second- and third-trimester fetal demise frequently results in unacceptably high failure rates. We reviewed our ongoing use of amniocentesis prior to uterine evacuation to determine if this provided a better source of cells for cytogenetic analysis. We compared cytogenetic results using fetal tissues obtained following uterine evacuation to our ongoing use of amniotic fluid cell obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis prior to uterine evacuation from 2003 to 2008. In 49 of the 63 cases evaluated by fetal tissue biopsies performed after uterine evacuation, a karyotypic analysis was obtained (77.8%). Among the 38 cases evaluated by amniocentesis, an amniotic fluid sample and fetal cytogenetic results were obtained in all 38 (100%) cases. Our findings indicate that amniocentesis is a more reliable source of cytogenetic information than fetal tissue in cases of second- and third-trimester fetal demise.

  3. Clinical implications from monitoring fetal activity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rayburn, W F

    1982-12-15

    The monitoring of fetal motion in high-risk pregnancies has been shown to be worthwhile in predicting fetal distress and impending fetal death. The maternal recording of perceived fetal activity is an inexpensive surveillance technique which is most useful when there is chronic uteroplacental insufficiency or when a stillbirth may be expected. The presence of an active, vigorous fetus is reassuring, but documented fetal inactivity required a reassessment of the underlying antepartum complication and further fetal evaluation with real-time ultrasonography, fetal heart rate testing, and biochemical testing. Fetal distress from such acute changes as abruptio placentae or umbilical cord compression may not be predicted by monitoring fetal motion. Although not used for routine clinical investigation, electromechanical devices such as tocodynamometry have provided much insight into fetal behavioral patterns at many stages of pregnancy and in pregnancies with an antepartum complication.

  4. Fetal body weight and the development of the control of the cardiovascular system in fetal sheep.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Frasch, M G; Müller, T; Wicher, C; Weiss, C; Löhle, M; Schwab, K; Schubert, H; Nathanielsz, P W; Witte, O W; Schwab, M

    2007-03-15

    Reduced birth weight predisposes to cardiovascular diseases in later life. We examined in fetal sheep at 0.76 (n = 18) and 0.87 (n = 17) gestation whether spontaneously occurring variations in fetal weight affect maturation of autonomic control of cardiovascular function. Fetal weights at both gestational ages were grouped statistically in low (LW) and normal weights (NW) (P fetal sheep not constituting a major malnutritive condition. Mean fetal blood pressure (FBP) of all fetuses was negatively correlated to fetal weight at 0.76 but not 0.87 gestation (P fetal heart rate depended on fetal weight (P fetal weight within the normal weight span is accompanied by a different trajectory of development of sympathetic blood pressure and vagal heart rate control. This may contribute to the development of elevated blood pressure in later life. Examination of the underlying mechanisms and consequences may contribute to the understanding of programming of cardiovascular diseases.

  5. Screening for fetal growth restriction using fetal biometry combined with maternal biomarkers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gaccioli, Francesca; Aye, Irving L M H; Sovio, Ulla; Charnock-Jones, D Stephen; Smith, Gordon C S

    2018-02-01

    Fetal growth restriction is a major determinant of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Screening for fetal growth restriction is a key element of prenatal care but it is recognized to be problematic. Screening using clinical risk assessment and targeting ultrasound to high-risk women is the standard of care in the United States and United Kingdom, but the approach is known to have low sensitivity. Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials do not demonstrate any benefit from universal ultrasound screening for fetal growth restriction in the third trimester, but the evidence base is not strong. Implementation of universal ultrasound screening in low-risk women in France failed to reduce the risk of complications among small-for-gestational-age infants but did appear to cause iatrogenic harm to false positives. One strategy to making progress is to improve screening by developing more sensitive and specific tests with the key goal of differentiating between healthy small fetuses and those that are small through fetal growth restriction. As abnormal placentation is thought to be the major cause of fetal growth restriction, one approach is to combine fetal biometry with an indicator of placental dysfunction. In the past, these indicators were generally ultrasonic measurements, such as Doppler flow velocimetry of the uteroplacental circulation. However, another promising approach is to combine ultrasonic suspicion of small-for-gestational-age infant with a blood test indicating placental dysfunction. Thus far, much of the research on maternal serum biomarkers for fetal growth restriction has involved the secondary analysis of tests performed for other indications, such as fetal aneuploidies. An exemplar of this is pregnancy-associated plasma protein A. This blood test is performed primarily to assess the risk of Down syndrome, but women with low first-trimester levels are now serially scanned in later pregnancy due to associations with placental causes of

  6. Prevalência do aleitamento materno na região noroeste de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, 2001 Breast-feeding prevalence, northwest region of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, 2001

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Felipe Alves Cecchetti

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Calcular a prevalência do aleitamento materno entre crianças menores de dois anos de idade, residentes na região Noroeste de Campinas, São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal foi conduzido, em 2001, junto a 4 103 crianças, questionando sobre data de nascimento, sexo, alimentação e serviço de saúde utilizado. O questionário foi aplicado em 42 postos de vacinação durante a Campanha Nacional de Vacinação contra Poliomielite (Campólio. A dieta foi classificada em amamentação exclusiva, predominante, continuada e aleitamento artificial. RESULTADOS: No primeiro semestre, a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo foi de 31,6% e a de aleitamento total 74,5%. Das crianças com idade entre 6 e 12 meses, 38,0% recebiam leite materno. No segundo ano, a prevalência de aleitamento materno foi reduzida para 22,1%. O aleitamento materno exclusivo passou de 72,2% aos 7 dias de idade para 53,8% aos 15 dias, 33,3% aos 3 meses, 10,0% aos 4 meses e 5,7% aos 6 meses. A prevalência do aleitamento materno total foi de 100,0% aos 7 dias; 79,1% aos 3 meses; 54,3% aos 6; 34,4% aos 12 meses; 26,1% aos 18 e zero aos 24 meses. A mediana de amamentação exclusiva foi de 67 dias e a de amamentação total foi de 6,6 meses. Das crianças vinculadas ao Sistema Único de Saúde, 42,2% receberam aleitamento materno, em contraste com 34,4% das usuárias de serviços privados (pOBJECTIVE: To calculate the prevalence of breast-feeding among children less than two years old, in the northwest region of the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: A survey was conducted in 2001, with 4 103 children, querying about birth date, gender, feeding practices and health services routinely used. The questionnaire was applied at the 42 public immunization centers during the 2001 National Campaign against Polyomielites. The child's diet was categorized as exclusive breast-feeding, predominant breast-feeding, continued breast-feeding and bottle

  7. Clinical significance of perceptible fetal motion.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rayburn, W F

    1980-09-15

    The monitoring of fetal activity during the last trimester of pregnancy has been proposed to be useful in assessing fetal welfare. The maternal perception of fetal activity was tested among 82 patients using real-time ultrasonography. All perceived fetal movements were visualized on the scanner and involved motion of the lower limbs. Conversely, 82% of all visualized motions of fetal limbs were perceived by the patients. All combined motions of fetal trunk with limbs were preceived by the patients and described as strong movements, whereas clusters of isolated, weak motions of the fetal limbs were less accurately perceived (56% accuracy). The number of fetal movements perceived during the 15-minute test period was significantly (p fetal motion was present (44 of 45 cases) than when it was absent (five of 10 cases). These findings reveal that perceived fetal motion is: (1) reliable; (2) related to the strength of lower limb motion; (3) increased with ruptured amniotic membranes; and (4) reassuring if considered to be active.

  8. Zika virus: Vaccine initiatives and obstacles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Reema Mukherjee

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Over 130,000 humans in Brazil are infected with Zika virus (ZIKV since March 2015, and presently 29 countries in Americas have reported local autochthonous ZIKV transmission. Besides the associated clinical features, Brazil has also reported a temporal and spatial association of ZIKV with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS and Zika fetal syndrome. ZIKV vaccine approaches include purified inactivated virus, nucleic acid-based vaccines (DNA, RNA, live vector vaccines, subunit vaccines, virus-like particle technologies, and live recombinant vaccines similar to the technologies used against other human flaviviruses. At present, 15 commercial entities are involved in the development of ZIKV vaccine. Vaccines developed through different approaches would have their own inherent advantages and disadvantages. The presentation of disease in different populations and lack of clarity on the pathogenesis and complications is the most important obstacle. Second, Zika belongs to a genus that is notorious for the antibody-mediated enhancement of infection, which proved to be a stumbling block during the development of the dengue vaccine. Identifying large naive and yet uninfected at-risk populations may be an obstacle to demonstrating efficacy. Next, the association of Zika with GBS is being researched since the vaccine may have the potential to provoke similar neuropathophysiologic mechanisms. Zika's association with adverse fetal outcomes necessitates that pregnant women and women of childbearing age are considered for evaluating vaccines, which form a vulnerable group for vaccine trials.

  9. Cistoadenocarcinoma mucinoso de ovario en estadio terminal, en embarazo complicado con muerte fetal tardía. Presentación de un caso.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hansy Díaz Pérez

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Presentamos un caso de Cistoadenocarcinoma mucinoso de ovario en un embarazo de 36.4 semanas de gestación complicado con muerte fetal tardía. que ingresó en el Hospital Materno Provincial “Isabel María de Valdivia y Salas de Sancti-Spíritus” diagnosticándose el tumor de ovario en un estadío avanzado de la enfermedad con un cuadro clínico florido y múltiples hallazgos al exámen físico que motivó varios planteamientos y dudas en el diagnóstico ,no realizándose el mismo durante la vigilancia prenatal habitual ni durante la ecografía pélvica que se realiza durante esta, siendo un hallazgo durante la laparotomía exploradora ya cuando la paciente se encontraba en la fase final del cuadro que la lleva al fallecimiento en la Unidad de cuidados intensivos al tercer día del ingreso con asistencia ventilatoria y múltiples complicaciones.

  10. Differential diagnosis between fetal extrarenal pelvis and obstructive uropathy on fetal ultrasonogram

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Han, Byoung Hee; Cho, Jeong Yeon; Cho, Byung Jae; Lee, Kyung Sang [Samsung Cheil Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

    2003-03-15

    To establish the standard guideline for differentiating the extrarenal pelvis from obstructive uropathy on fetal ultrasonogram (US) to avoid unnecessary postnatal follow-up and other additional examinations. From July 2000 to July 2001, Thirty-four kidneys with hydronephrosis diagnosed on fetal ultrasonogram performed during the third trimester of pregnancy were included in this study. Hydronephrosis was defined as the pelvic anteroposterior (AP) diameter being 4 mm or greater before 33 weeks of gestation while 7 mm or greater at or after 33 weeks of gestation. The size of the renal pelvis was measured at intrarenal, intra-extrarenal junctional and extrarenal portions in every kidney on the transverse view of the fetal renal hiluin. Postnatally, all neonates underwent renal ultrasonogram 2 to 8 days after birth, and renal pelvic diameters were measured using the same method as the fetal US in 28 kidneys. We then compared the extrarenal-intrarenal ratio (E/I ratio) of pelvic diameter between fetal and neoatal kidneys. We presumed that the extrarenal pelvis in fetal US was the pelvis showing the normal intrarenal pelvic diameter accompanied by the most dilated exrtarenal pelvic diameter. Follow-up ultrasonograms were measured using the same method as the fetal US in 28 kidneys. We then compared the extrarenal intrarenal ratio (E/I ratio) of pelvic diameter between fetal and neonatal kidneys. We presumed that the extrarenal pelvis on fetal US was the pelvis showing the normal intrarenal pelvic diameter accompanied by the most dilated extrarenal pelvic diameter. Follow-up ultrasonograms were performed in 12 of 17 neonates who had the maximal diameter at extrarenal portion on fetal ultrasonogram. VCUG and IVU were taken in 2 patients with a persistent dilatation of the renal pelvis on follow-up ultrasonograms. On fetal US, 17/34 kidneys showed the extrarenal portion with the most dilatation while in 12/34 kidneys, the intra-extra renal junction portion was the most

  11. Differential diagnosis between fetal extrarenal pelvis and obstructive uropathy on fetal ultrasonogram

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Han, Byoung Hee; Cho, Jeong Yeon; Cho, Byung Jae; Lee, Kyung Sang

    2003-01-01

    To establish the standard guideline for differentiating the extrarenal pelvis from obstructive uropathy on fetal ultrasonogram (US) to avoid unnecessary postnatal follow-up and other additional examinations. From July 2000 to July 2001, Thirty-four kidneys with hydronephrosis diagnosed on fetal ultrasonogram performed during the third trimester of pregnancy were included in this study. Hydronephrosis was defined as the pelvic anteroposterior (AP) diameter being 4 mm or greater before 33 weeks of gestation while 7 mm or greater at or after 33 weeks of gestation. The size of the renal pelvis was measured at intrarenal, intra-extrarenal junctional and extrarenal portions in every kidney on the transverse view of the fetal renal hiluin. Postnatally, all neonates underwent renal ultrasonogram 2 to 8 days after birth, and renal pelvic diameters were measured using the same method as the fetal US in 28 kidneys. We then compared the extrarenal-intrarenal ratio (E/I ratio) of pelvic diameter between fetal and neoatal kidneys. We presumed that the extrarenal pelvis in fetal US was the pelvis showing the normal intrarenal pelvic diameter accompanied by the most dilated exrtarenal pelvic diameter. Follow-up ultrasonograms were measured using the same method as the fetal US in 28 kidneys. We then compared the extrarenal intrarenal ratio (E/I ratio) of pelvic diameter between fetal and neonatal kidneys. We presumed that the extrarenal pelvis on fetal US was the pelvis showing the normal intrarenal pelvic diameter accompanied by the most dilated extrarenal pelvic diameter. Follow-up ultrasonograms were performed in 12 of 17 neonates who had the maximal diameter at extrarenal portion on fetal ultrasonogram. VCUG and IVU were taken in 2 patients with a persistent dilatation of the renal pelvis on follow-up ultrasonograms. On fetal US, 17/34 kidneys showed the extrarenal portion with the most dilatation while in 12/34 kidneys, the intra-extra renal junction portion was the most

  12. Valutazione dei parametri ecocardiografici di funzionalità atriale in cavalli dell’Esercito Italiano

    OpenAIRE

    Carta, Sergio

    2017-01-01

    In cardiologia equina, nonostante la fibrillazione atriale rappresenti l’aritmia di più frequente riscontro nei cavalli atleti, le metodiche ecocardiografiche per valutare le dimensioni dell’atrio sinistro non appaiono ancora ben standardizzate. Lo scopo della presente tesi è stato quello di contribuire alla standardizzazione della valutazione ecocardiografica delle dimensioni dell’atrio sinistro e dei parametri di funzionalità atriale, calcolati sulla base delle misure bidimensionali (dia...

  13. ELABORAZIONE DI UN QUESTIONARIO PER LA RILEVAZIONE DEI BISOGNI COMUNICATIVI DEGLI ADULTI IMMIGRATI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Annamaria Aquilino

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available L’intensità del fenomeno migratorio in Italia suscita una riflessione critica sui bisogni linguistici di un  nuovo pubblico di apprendenti, spinti verso la conoscenza della lingua italiana da una forte esigenza di integrazione sociale. L’articolo presenta l’elaborazione di un questionario come strumento d’indagine essenziale per la rilevazione dei bisogni comunicativi degli immigrati adulti. Progettato nell’ambito di un corso di italiano L2  presso il CTP di Rozzano (Milano e sottoposto a un campione di 24 stranieri, il questionario si  è rivelato molto utile per la definizione del profilo dei singoli apprendenti e dell’intera classe che, caratterizzata da una grande differenziazione, non è sempre facile da gestire. L’interpretazione finale dei dati ha messo in luce non solo gli elementi di diversità ma ha anche permesso di cogliere alcuni tratti omogenei molto interessanti, indispensabili per la programmazione del percorso didattico, che sarà tanto efficace quanto più si adatterà alla realtà psicologica e socio-culturale degli apprendenti.     Questionnaire design to Survey the communicative needs of adult immigrants   Widespread immigration in Italy has brought about critical reflection on the linguistic needs of a new group of learners, highly motivated to learn the Italian language because of their strong need for social integration.  This article presents the designing of a questionnaire as an essential tool for surveying the communicative needs of adult immigrants.  Designed for an Italian L2 course held at the CTP in Rozzano (Milano and administered to 24 foreigners, the questionnaire was very useful for defining the profile of the single learners and the whole class group, which was dissimilar, and thus not the easiest to conduct.  The final interpretation of the data brought to light not only the elements of diversity but they also allowed us to recognize a few interesting common traits, essential for

  14. Análisis de la tasa de detección de fetos macrosómicos mediante ecografía

    OpenAIRE

    Teva G,María Jesús; Redondo A,Rosario; Rodríguez G,Isabel; Martínez C,Sara; Abulhaj M,Mariam

    2013-01-01

    Antecedentes: La macrosomía fetal es clínicamente relevante debido a que se asocia a un incremento significativo de la morbilidad materno-fetal. La ecografía es el estándar dorado para la estimación del peso fetal y la valoración de su crecimiento. Tiene una sensibilidad de 21,6%, por tanto la probabilidad de detectar ma-crosomía es baja para todas las fórmulas. El error entre el peso real y el estimado es 7,5-10%, y en el caso de RN macrosomas éste puede llegar al 15%. Objetivo: Analizar las...

  15. A Reverse Genetics Platform That Spans the Zika Virus Family Tree

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Douglas G. Widman

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Zika virus (ZIKV, a mosquito-borne flavivirus discovered in 1947, has only recently caused large outbreaks and emerged as a significant human pathogen. In 2015, ZIKV was detected in Brazil, and the resulting epidemic has spread throughout the Western Hemisphere. Severe complications from ZIKV infection include neurological disorders such as Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and a variety of fetal abnormalities, including microcephaly, blindness, placental insufficiency, and fetal demise. There is an urgent need for tools and reagents to study the pathogenesis of epidemic ZIKV and for testing vaccines and antivirals. Using a reverse genetics platform, we generated six ZIKV infectious clones and derivative viruses representing diverse temporal and geographic origins. These include three versions of MR766, the prototype 1947 strain (with and without a glycosylation site in the envelope protein, and H/PF/2013, a 2013 human isolate from French Polynesia representative of the virus introduced to Brazil. In the course of synthesizing a clone of a circulating Brazilian strain, phylogenetic studies identified two distinct ZIKV clades in Brazil. We reconstructed viable clones of strains SPH2015 and BeH819015, representing ancestral members of each clade. We assessed recombinant virus replication, binding to monoclonal antibodies, and virulence in mice. This panel of molecular clones and recombinant virus isolates will enable targeted studies of viral determinants of pathogenesis, adaptation, and evolution, as well as the rational attenuation of contemporary outbreak strains to facilitate the design of vaccines and therapeutics.

  16. CONTRIBUTO AL DIBATTITO SUL PRINCIPIO DI EGUAGLIANZA DEI MEZZI PROCESSUALI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dejan Bodul

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Il principio di eguaglianza dei mezzi processuali presuppone l’esistenza di una ragionevole possibilità in capo ad entrambe le parti di esporre e comprovare i fatti, in un modo che non metta alcuna delle parti in posizione sfavorevole rispetto alla controparte (caso LB INTERFINANZ A.G. v. Croazia, sentenza del 27.03.2008, riscorso n. 29549/04.. Un tanto rappresenta, nella sua espressione di equilibrio tra le parti processuali, uno degli elementi costitutivi del diritto ad un giusto processo. Tuttavia, con l’entrata in vigore della (nuova legge fallimentare (GU, n. 71/15. in avanti LF la questione dell’eguaglianza sul piano processuale diviene nuovamente di attualità. Precisamene, la LF ha mantenuto una soluzione in base alla quale il creditore ha la possibilità di instaurare il procedimento fallimentare qualora renda probabile l’esistenza del proprio credito e la sussistenza del fondamento fallimentare così che è trattenuto ed eccepito il provvedimento in base al quale la probabilità della sussistenza del credito non può venire dimostrata dal creditore sulla base di una decisione dell’autorità giudiziale o amministrativa che non sia passata in giudicato. Posto che esistono diverse soluzioni con riguardo alle questioni illustrate, gli autori si limiteranno a delle constatazioni di carattere generale sulla base di esperienze comparate, senza una dettagliata disamina delle variegate e peculiari soluzioni giuridiche straniere. Nel lavoro si disaminano sia le implicazioni pratiche che quelle teoriche della soluzione giuridica di diritto positivo, analizzando la giurisprudenza della Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo nei procedimenti in base all’art. 6 (diritto ad un giusto processo della Convenzione europea per la salvaguardia dei diritti dell’uomo e delle libertà fondamentali, poiché partiamo dal presupposto che le conoscenze sul punto possono essere fondamentali per la comprensione dell’oggetto dell’indagine condotta

  17. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects in Child Development.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pancratz, Diane R.

    This literature review defines Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) and considers their causes, diagnoses, prevalence, and educational ramifications. Effects of alcohol during each of the trimesters of pregnancy are summarized. Specific diagnostic characteristics of FAS are listed: (1) growth deficiency, (2) a…

  18. Trabajo y salud de las docentes de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba: uso de medicamentos/sustancias lícitas y plan materno infantil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giacone Marta Susana

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo investigar condiciones de existencia, proceso de trabajo y salud y consumo de medicamentos de docentes universitarias en edad reproductiva. Además, intentó conocer uso, opiniones y sugerencias de usuarias del Plan Materno Infantil de la Obra Social Universitaria. El estudio se encaminó desde la perspectiva teórico-metodológica del materialismo histórico y dialéctico, se delineó como investigación social desarrollada a través de un estudio de campo descriptivo-correlativo e estratégico en una muestra total de 50 personas. Los resultados indican presencia de condiciones de existencia y trabajo deterioradas, afectando el perfil de salud de las docentes y el consumo de medicamentos. Alto porcentaje de las entrevistadas consideró el Plan Materno Infantil muy bueno o bueno y enfatizó la necesidad de mejor información a cerca de ella.

  19. Fetal scalp blood sampling during labor

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Chandraharan, Edwin; Wiberg, Nana

    2014-01-01

    Fetal cardiotocography is characterized by low specificity; therefore, in an attempt to ensure fetal well-being, fetal scalp blood sampling has been recommended by most obstetric societies in the case of a non-reassuring cardiotocography. The scientific agreement on the evidence for using fetal...... scalp blood sampling to decrease the rate of operative delivery for fetal distress is ambiguous. Based on the same studies, a Cochrane review states that fetal scalp blood sampling increases the rate of instrumental delivery while decreasing neonatal acidosis, whereas the National Institute of Health...... and Clinical Excellence guideline considers that fetal scalp blood sampling decreases instrumental delivery without differences in other outcome variables. The fetal scalp is supplied by vessels outside the skull below the level of the cranial vault, which is likely to be compressed during contractions...

  20. "Rulers of Venice, 1349 to 1524". Alcune osservazioni sulla schedatura dei registri del Segretario alle Voci

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Mozzato

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Illustrazione dei criteri di compilazione del data-base Rulers of Venice, progettato dallo storico americano Benjamin Kohl utilizzando l’archivio della magistratura della repubblica di Venezia denominata “Segretario alle voci”, ed esemplificazione del funzionamento di tale repertorio mediante alcuni case-studies.

  1. Evaluación del tamizaje selectivo de errores innatos del metabolismo en el instituto materno infantil en colombia

    OpenAIRE

    Bermúdez, M.; Arteaga, C.; Cifuentes, Y.

    2011-01-01

    El programa de detección de Errores Innatos del metabolismo del Instituto Materno Infantil (IMI) de Bogotá, en un periodo de cinco años ha estudiado 1.147 pacientes de alto riesgo (nacidos y remitidos al IMI como también procedentes de otras Instituciones) con:
    1.Antecedentes en la historia familiar
    2.Alteraciones neurológicas.
    3.Sepsis sin respuesta al tratamiento.
    4.Asfixia perinatal severa, falla cardiaca, dificultada respiratoria sin causa evide...

  2. Intrapartum fetal monitoring by ST-analysis of the fetal ECG

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Westerhuis, M.E.M.H.

    2010-01-01

    Objective Intrapartum fetal monitoring aims to identify fetuses at risk for neonatal and long-term injury due to asphyxia. To serve this purpose, cardiotocography (CTG) combined with ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram (ECG), which is a relatively new method, may be used. The main aim of this

  3. Satisfacción sobre la educación en salud materno infantil de las madres en Huelva

    OpenAIRE

    Tierra Burguillo, María del Pilar

    2016-01-01

    Objetivos Conocer el nivel de satisfacción sobre educación en salud materno infantil que tienen las madres de Huelva es el principal objetivo del estudio. Los específicos son: 1. Describir si existe relación entre el grado de satisfacción y las características sociodemográficas maternas y otras variables relacionadas con la crianza. 2. Determinar las principales redes sociales de información materna durante el embarazo. 3. Identificar los principales obstáculos con los que se encu...

  4. Avaliação da contratilidade da vesícula biliar com leite materno e leite de vaca em lactentes Gallbladder contractility after breast milk and cow's milk meals in infants

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marise Silva Teixeira

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available As múltiplas características distintas do leite materno e do leite de vaca fazem com que o esvaziamento gástrico seja mais rápido após ingestão do primeiro. Esta rapidez do esvaziamento gástrico pode estar associada ao esvaziamento da vesícula biliar, também mais rápido. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar se há diferença na velocidade de esvaziamento da vesícula biliar, por método ultra-sonográfico, após ingestão de leite materno e leite de vaca. Estudamos 47 crianças menores de dois anos, 22 após uma refeição com leite materno e 25 após uma refeição com leite de vaca. A vesícula biliar foi medida após um período de quatro a seis horas de jejum e uma hora após uma refeição (leite materno ou leite de vaca, e a contração da vesícula biliar foi avaliada, em porcentagem, pela diferença de volume da vesícula biliar entre as duas medidas e expressa em porcentagem do volume inicial. As medianas das porcentagens do volume inicial para as crianças alimentadas com leite materno e leite de vaca foram, respectivamente, 92,25% e 53,8%, diferença estatisticamente significativa. Portanto, a contração da vesícula biliar após uma refeição com leite de vaca é muito mais lenta do que aquela após uma refeição com leite materno.Breast milk and cow's milk differ in multiple characteristics that account for a faster gastric emptying time after breast feeding. This faster gastric emptying may be associated with a faster gallbladder emptying. Our aim was to compare gallbladder contraction after breast milk meal and cow's milk meal using ultrasound examination. We studied 22 infants after a breast milk meal and 25 infants after a cow's milk meal. Gallbladder volume was measured after a 4-6 hours fasting and one hour after the meal (breast milk or cow's milk. Gallbladder contractility was calculated by determining the difference between gallbladder volume one hour after the meal and the fasting volume, and expressed as a

  5. Bungowannah virus--a probable new species of pestivirus--what have we found in the last 10 years?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kirkland, P D; Read, A J; Frost, M J; Finlaison, D S

    2015-06-01

    Bungowannah virus was discovered following an outbreak of stillbirths and sudden death in young pigs. Affected animals consistently showed a myocardopathy with signs of cardiac failure. After virus isolation and PCR investigations were unsuccessful, direct fetal inoculation was undertaken. Nucleic acid purified from serum from infected fetuses was subjected to sequence-independent single-primer amplification and nucleic acid sequencing. Sequences consistent with a pestivirus were obtained. The entire genome was identified but was genetically remote from the recognized pestivirus species. This virus was not recognized by pan-pestivirus reactive monoclonal antibodies but was subsequently detected in cell cultures by immunoperoxidase staining using convalescent sow serum. Experimental infections of sows at different stages of gestation reproduced the myocarditis syndrome. Pre-weaning losses of 70 and 29% were observed following infection at days 35 and 90, respectively. Piglets infected at day 35 were shown to be persistently infected, while chronic infections were observed after fetal infection at day 55. Chronically infected piglets showed growth retardation and were viremic for up to 7 months. Myocarditis was associated with infection in late gestation (day 90). Non-pregnant sheep and cattle have been experimentally infected but with no evidence of disease. Infection of pregnant cattle in early gestation resulted in both maternal and fetal infection, but all infected fetuses mounted an antibody response to the virus. Analysis of the nucleic acid sequence confirmed that Bungowannah has a number of changes not observed in other pestiviruses. Genes encoding some of the structural proteins remain fully functional when inserted into a bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) backbone. Cell culture-based studies have shown that Bungowannah virus will grow in cells extending from humans to bats as well as farm animals.

  6. Metodologia das Pesquisas Populacionais de Saúde Materno-Infantil: uma série transversal realizada no Estado do Ceará de 1987 a 2007

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciano Lima Correia

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Objectivo: descrever os métodos utilizados nas Pesquisas de Saúde Materno-Infantil (PESMIC no Ceará, durante 20 anos. Métodos: a série de inquéritos realizados no período de 20 anos foi analisada nos seguintes aspectos: a Estudos transversais em série de base populacional, com amostra representativa de 8000 famílias; b Utilizou-se questionários e medições antropométricas, estudando-se níveis e causas de mortalidade infantil, prevalência de desnutrição da mãe e da criança, duração da amamentação, cobertura vacinal, prevalência e manejo da diarreia e acesso aos serviços de saúde materno-infantil; c Obteve-se como resultado as variáveis desfechos (principal mortalidade infantil e diversos determinantes materno-infantis e socioeconómicos. Resultados: o índice de resposta foi de quase 100% nos cinco inquéritos realizados (1986-2007, e ocorreram importantes mudanças nos indicadores sociodemográficos e de saúde; redução de 81% da taxa de mortalidade infantil, aumento de 43% da taxa de amamentação; índice de imunização de 95%. Observou-se aumento de 243% do índice de sobrepeso. Foram entrevistados no total somado dos cinco estudos: 177.132 residentes, sendo 47.508 mulheres e 13.049 crianças. Conclusões: recomenda-se a continuidade desses estudos utilizando-se a mesma metodologia, possibilitando analises de variações temporais.

  7. Fetal short time variation during labor: a non-invasive alternative to fetal scalp pH measurements?

    OpenAIRE

    Schiermeier, Sven; Reinhard, Joscha; Hatzmann, Hendrike; Zimmermann, Ralf C.; Westhof, Gregor

    2009-01-01

    Objective: To determine whether short time variation (STV) of fetal heart beat correlates with scalp pH measurements during labor. Patients and methods: From 1279 deliveries, 197 women had at least one fetal scalp pH measurement. Using the CTG-Player®, STVs were calculated from the electronically saved cardiotocography (CTG) traces and related to the fetal scalp pH measurements. Results: There was no correlation between STV and fetal scalp pH measurements (r=−0.0592). Conclusions: Fetal ST...

  8. Culicoides and the Tartar Steppe: Il Deserto dei Tartari Culicoides and the spread of blue tongue virus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Houin, R

    2008-12-01

    Culicoides were described for the first time in England in 1713, but named by Latreille in 1809 only. Even so, they were better known as Ceratopogon until Kieffer reintroduced the name Culicoides. The family name became Ceratopogonidae, the description by Meigen (1803) being better adapted to that systematic level. Culicoides were considered simply as biting insects until it was found that they can carry filaria and viruses. In 1944, du Toit in Transvaal described their role in the transmission of blue-tongue virus. Blue-tongue disease has since extended progressively northward from South Africa, disseminated by Culicoides imicola. At the end of the 20th century, it reached the southern shores of the Mediterranean sea, and has since threatened the southern Europe. Surveillance and prevention procedures were put in place, but fortress Europe was taken breached when a different strain of the virus entered through Belgium in 2006. Transmitted by local Culicoides species that were aggressive and abundant, the disease spread quickly, in a disastrous epizootic southward through more than half of France. Westward, infected insects have been carried by wind over the Channel, introducing the disease to England.

  9. Real-Time Automatic Fetal Brain Extraction in Fetal MRI by Deep Learning

    OpenAIRE

    Salehi, Seyed Sadegh Mohseni; Hashemi, Seyed Raein; Velasco-Annis, Clemente; Ouaalam, Abdelhakim; Estroff, Judy A.; Erdogmus, Deniz; Warfield, Simon K.; Gholipour, Ali

    2017-01-01

    Brain segmentation is a fundamental first step in neuroimage analysis. In the case of fetal MRI, it is particularly challenging and important due to the arbitrary orientation of the fetus, organs that surround the fetal head, and intermittent fetal motion. Several promising methods have been proposed but are limited in their performance in challenging cases and in real-time segmentation. We aimed to develop a fully automatic segmentation method that independently segments sections of the feta...

  10. Nuove Tecnologie per il Monitoraggio e la Gestione dei giardini storici

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maurizio Romani

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available ItSotto la spinta dei cambiamenti socio-economici e di significativi progressi tecnici, la gestione dei giardini storici e degli spazi verdi in genere, sta vivendo un periodo di forte cambiamento ed evoluzione. Nel tentativo di razionalizzare l’uso delle risorse naturali e umane, nascono nuovi servizi che fanno intravedere la necessità di creare specifiche figure professionali, in grado di colmare in tempi rapidi il divario tra le potenzialità applicative offerte dalle nuove tecnologie e le diverse realtà operative, ancora legate all’uso di pratiche e metodologie tradizionali. Anche nel settore dei giardini e dei parchi storici è giunto il momento di approfondire i temi relativi alla loro conservazione e valorizzazione, che oggi sono strettamente legati a una concreta sostenibilità economica e ambientale delle pratiche di gestione e di promozione. Queste considerazioni sono state alla base di una serie di iniziative e di progetti promossi a livello nazionale ed europeo, che, grazie all’integrazione di strumenti ICT, SMART-Sensors e IA, in alcuni casi si sono concretizzati nella realizzazione di metodologie e soluzioni di grande interesse operativo.Le procedure e i criteri presentati in questo articolo sono il risultato dell’attività di ricerca e trasferimento tecnologico condotta dal CNR-IBIMET di Firenze negli ultimi dieci anni. Già nella sua versione prototipale, il sistema proposto mostra tutte le sue potenzialità di monitoraggio e supporto alle attività gestionali e manutentive degli spazi verdi, aprendo la strada a una progressiva automazione e virtualizzazione delle procedure (creazione di scenari, elementi essenziali per la successiva valorizzazione e promozione del bene a livello sociale e culturale.In particolare, oltre allo schema logico del sistema, si discutono alcune tra le funzioni di monitoraggio di maggiore interesse (disponibilità idrica, stato fitosanitario e fenologia, evidenziando quali siano i vantaggi

  11. Non-invasive pulsed cavitational ultrasound for fetal tissue ablation: feasibility study in a fetal sheep model.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Y; Gelehrter, S K; Fifer, C G; Lu, J C; Owens, G E; Berman, D R; Williams, J; Wilkinson, J E; Ives, K A; Xu, Z

    2011-04-01

    Currently available fetal intervention techniques rely on invasive procedures that carry inherent risks. A non-invasive technique for fetal intervention could potentially reduce the risk of fetal and obstetric complications. Pulsed cavitational ultrasound therapy (histotripsy) is an ablation technique that mechanically fractionates tissue at the focal region using extracorporeal ultrasound. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using histotripsy as a non-invasive approach to fetal intervention in a sheep model. The experiments involved 11 gravid sheep at 102-129 days of gestation. Fetal kidney, liver, lung and heart were exposed to ultrasound pulses (bones. Histological assessment confirmed lesion locations and sizes corresponding to regions where cavitation was monitored, with no lesions found when cavitation was absent. Inability to generate cavitation was primarily associated with increased depth to target and obstructing structures such as fetal limbs. Extracorporeal histotripsy therapy successfully created targeted lesions in fetal sheep organs without significant damage to overlying structures. With further improvements, histotripsy may evolve into a viable technique for non-invasive fetal intervention procedures. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  12. Fetal blood drawing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hobbins, J C; Mahoney, M J

    1975-07-19

    A small sample of fetal blood suitable for studies of haemoglobin synthesis was obtained from a placental vessel under endoscopic visualisation in 23 of 26 patients in whom the procedure was attempted prior to second-trimester abortion. Fetal blood loss, calculated in 23 cases, was between 0-2 ml. and 2-5 ml., and fetal blood-volume depletion varied from 0-5% to 15%. No short-term ill-effects were demonstrated in mother or fetus in any of 16 patients in whom the injection of aborti-facient was postponed for between 16 and 24 hours after the procedure.

  13. Reclutamento e formazione dei poliziotti: il caso degli ufficiali della gendarmeria francese

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    François Dieu

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available Partendo dal caso degli ufficiali della gendarmeria francese, questo articolo illustra il modo in cui il reclutamento e la formazione possono contribuire, informalmente, alla ripartizione del potere nelle organizzazioni di polizia. Tramite la diversità delle vie di reclutamento si costituisce, di fatto, un vero e proprio sistema di "caste", con una stratificazione degli ufficiali in tre livelli gerarchici, che produce, al di là dei principi meritocratici, delle ineguaglianze manifeste nella ripartizione del potere nell'organizzazione della gendarmeria.

  14. Fetal and neonatal thyrotoxicosis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Batra, Chandar Mohan

    2013-01-01

    Fetal thyrotoxicosis is a rare disease occurring in 1 out of 70 pregnancies with Grave's disease or in 1 out of 4000-50,000 deliveries. The mortality is 12-20%, usually from heart failure, but other complications are tracheal compression, infections and thrombocytopenia. It results from transfer of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins from mother to fetus through the placenta. This transplacental transfer begins around 20th week of pregnancy and reaches its maximum by 30th week. These autoantibodies bind to the fetal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors and increase the secretion of the thyroid hormones. The mother has an active autoimmune thyroid disease or has been treated for it in the past. She may be absolutely euthyroid due to past treatment by drugs, surgery or radioiodine ablation, but still have active TSH receptor stimulating autoantibodies, which can cause fetal thyrotoxicosis. The other features of this disease are fetal tachycardia, fetal goiter and history of spontaneous abortions and findings of goiter, ascites, craniosyntosis, fetal growth retardation, maceration and hydrops at fetal autopsy. If untreated, this disease can result in intrauterine death. The treatment for this disease consists of giving carbimazole to the mother, which is transferred through the placenta to the fetus. The dose of carbimazole is titrated with the fetal heart rate. If the mother becomes hypothyroid due to carbimazole, thyroxine is added taking advantage of the fact that very little of thyroxine is transferred across the placenta. Neonatal thyrotoxicosis patients are very sick and require emergency treatment. The goal of the treatment is to normalize thyroid functions as quickly as possible, to avoid iatrogenic hypothyroidism while providing management and supportive therapy for the infant's specific signs and symptoms. PMID:24251220

  15. Fetal MRI of pathological brain development; Fetale MRT der pathologischen Hirnentwicklung

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Brugger, P.C. [Medizinische Universitaet Wien (Austria). Arbeitsgruppe Integrative Morphologie, Zentrum fuer Anatomie und Zellbiologie; Prayer, D. [Medizinische Universitaet Wien (Austria). Klinik fuer Radiodiagnostik

    2006-02-15

    Because of the superior tissue contrast, high spatial resolution, and multiplanar capabilities, fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can depict fetal brain pathologies with high accuracy. Pathological fetal brain development may result from malformations or acquired conditions. Differentiation of these etiologies is important with respect to managing the actual pregnancy or counseling future pregnancies. As a widened ventricular system is a common hallmark of both maldevelopment and acquired conditions, it may cause problems in the differential diagnosis. Fetal MRI can provide detailed morphological information, which allows refinement of the diagnosis of ventricular enlargement in a large number of cases. Systematic work-up of morphological details that may be recognized on MR images provides an approach for achieving a correct diagnosis in cases of ventricle enlargement. (orig.) [German] Aufgrund des hervorragenden Gewebekontrastes, der hohen raeumlichen Aufloesung und multiplanaren Moeglichkeiten erlaubt die fetale Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) eine detaillierte Darstellung fetaler Hirnpathologien. Eine pathologische Hirnentwicklung kann sowohl auf Fehlbildungen als auch waehrend der Schwangerschaft erworbenen Stoerungen beruhen. Nachdem die weiteren Konsequenzen fuer die bestehende, aber auch fuer folgende Schwangerschaften zu einem grossen Teil von einer Differenzierung dieser Aetiologien abhaengig sein kann, ist ein Erkennen der jeweiligen Pathologie wesentlich. Die morphologische Praesentation erworbener und fehlbildungsbedingter Veraenderungen auf MR-Bildern ist u. U. sehr aehnlich. Besondere differenzialdiagnostische Probleme bereitet dabei das Vorliegen eines erweiterten Ventrikelsystems, das als Symptom unterschiedlichster Veraenderungen vorliegen kann. Anhand einer systematischen Darstellung mittels MR-erfassbarer morphologischer Details wird eine Anleitung gegeben, bei Bestehen dieses Leitsymptoms zu einer moeglichst genauen Diagnose zu kommen

  16. Aleitamento materno exclusivo entre trabalhadoras com creche no local de trabalho Exclusive breastfeeding among working women with free daycare available at workplace

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria José Duarte Osis

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Investigar os fatores relacionados à decisão das mulheres em amamentar e a duração planejada e, de fato observada, do aleitamento exclusivo entre trabalhadoras que dispõem de creche na empresa. MÉTODOS: Estudo qualitativo no qual se comparou um grupo de 15 trabalhadoras cujos bebês estavam sendo alimentados apenas com leite materno quando começaram a freqüentar a creche da empresa com outro similar que incluía mulheres cujos bebês que, ao ingressar, já estavam recebendo, além do leite materno, outros alimentos. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas e grupos focais. RESULTADOS: Evidenciaram-se como fatores relacionados à decisão de iniciar a amamentação e mantê-la ao retornar ao trabalho: o desejo de amamentar, embasado no valor que as mulheres dos dois grupos atribuíam ao aleitamento materno, bem como seus maridos e outras pessoas significativas (por exemplo: mãe, irmã, amigas. A duração do aleitamento exclusivo relacionou-se principalmente à orientação do pediatra que cuidava do bebê, que foi distinta em cada um dos grupos estudados. CONCLUSÃO: A existência da creche no local de trabalho aparece como elemento relevante para a manutenção do aleitamento após a licença de maternidade, especialmente o materno exclusivo. A decisão sobre quanto tempo amamentar de forma exclusiva esteve relacionada às informações recebidas acerca do assunto antes e durante a gestação, e no pós-parto. A diferença entre os dois grupos estudados foi que as mulheres que mantiveram o aleitamento exclusivo por quase seis meses acreditavam que quanto mais tempo dessem somente o leite materno, mais benefícios o bebê teria, enquanto as mulheres do outro grupo acreditavam que três meses de aleitamento exclusivo eram suficientes.OBJECTIVE: To investigate factors related to the decision of exclusive breastfeeding, and the planned and the actual duration among working women with free daycare available at workplace

  17. Antithyroid drug-induced fetal goitrous hypothyroidism

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bliddal, Sofie; Rasmussen, Ase Krogh; Sundberg, Karin

    2011-01-01

    Maternal overtreatment with antithyroid drugs can induce fetal goitrous hypothyroidism. This condition can have a critical effect on pregnancy outcome, as well as on fetal growth and neurological development. The purpose of this Review is to clarify if and how fetal goitrous hypothyroidism can...... be prevented, and how to react when prevention has failed. Understanding the importance of pregnancy-related changes in maternal thyroid status when treating a pregnant woman is crucial to preventing fetal goitrous hypothyroidism. Maternal levels of free T(4) are the most consistent indication of maternal...... and fetal thyroid status. In patients with fetal goitrous hypothyroidism, intra-amniotic levothyroxine injections improve fetal outcome. The best way to avoid maternal overtreatment with antithyroid drugs is to monitor closely the maternal thyroid status, especially estimates of free T(4) levels....

  18. Il problem solving aritmetico: analisi dei processi cognitivi e metacognitivi e illustrazione del software "Risolvere problemi aritmetici"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonella D'Amico

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Il presente contributo esamina la letteratura relativa al problem solving matematico ed illustra uno strumento multimediale per la soluzione dei problemi aritmetici in bambini del secondo ciclo della scuola primaria e in bambini che presentano difficoltà in tale area. Il software presenta sia un modulo test, in cui vengono presentati problemi aritmetici di livello di difficoltà crescente, che un modulo di training. Il training è stato elaborato in base alle più recenti ricerche nell’area del problem solving matematico e prevede attività sulla comprensione, rappresentazione, categorizzazione e pianificazione del problema. Il training prevede inoltre particolari attività che stimolano l’uso della memoria di lavoro nella soluzione dei problemi. Il training si presenta come metacognitivamente orientato, in quanto i personaggi guida dell’ambientazione si configurano come compagni di studio che stimolano la riflessione metacognitiva rispetto alle attività affrontate.

  19. MR evaluation of fetal demise

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Victoria, Teresa; Chauvin, Nancy Anne; Johnson, Ann M.; Kramer, Sandra Sue; Epelman, Monica; Capilla, Elena

    2011-01-01

    Fetal demise is an uncommon event encountered at MR imaging. When it occurs, recognition by the interpreting radiologist is important to initiate appropriate patient management. To identify MR findings of fetal demise. Following IRB approval, a retrospective search of the radiology fetal MR database was conducted searching the words ''fetal demise'' and ''fetal death.'' Fetuses with obvious maceration or no sonographic confirmation of death were excluded. Eleven cases formed the study group. These were matched randomly to live fetuses of similar gestational age. Images were reviewed independently by three pediatric radiologists. The deceased fetus demonstrates decreased MR soft-tissue contrast and definition of tissue planes, including loss of gray-white matter differentiation in the brain. The signal within the cardiac chambers, when visible, is bright on HASTE sequences from the stagnant blood; the heart is small. Pleural effusions and decreased lung volumes may be seen. Interestingly, the fetal orbits lose their anatomical round shape and become smaller and more elliptical; a dark, irregular rim resembling a mask may be seen. Although fetal demise is uncommonly encountered at MR imaging, radiologists should be aware of such imaging findings so prompt management can be instituted. (orig.)

  20. 21 CFR 884.2900 - Fetal stethoscope.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Fetal stethoscope. 884.2900 Section 884.2900 Food... Fetal stethoscope. (a) Identification. A fetal stethoscope is a device used for listening to fetal heart... conventional stethoscopes. (b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the...

  1. La parola a mamme e papà: cosa pensano i genitori della propria efficacia educativa e dei bisogni delle famiglie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alessandra Gigli

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available Famiglie in crisi, genitori assenti, distratti, tendenti alla delega che non fanno fronte alle proprie responsabilità, incapaci di porre limiti e regole ai propri figli: lo stereotipo negativo di “famiglia incapace di educare” sembra ormai consolidato e socialmente condiviso anche da parte di molti operatori dei servizi per la prima infanzia. Per evitare atteggiamenti giudicanti che possono ulteriormente indebolire il ruolo educativo delle famiglie ed ostacolare lo sviluppo di un rapporto di cooperazione, per evitare che si sviluppi sfiducia reciproca tra educatori/insegnanti e genitori, la presente ricerca è stata finalizzata a comprendere il punto di vista dei genitori su una serie di elementi caratterizzanti il “quotidiano dell’educazione” in famiglia. Con la rilevazione effettuata, tramite focus group e questionari, si è cercato di mettere a fuoco il punto di vista dei genitori, di bambini in età 0-6, su alcuni temi tra cui: cosa si inceppa e cosa ostacola l’esercizio delle funzioni normative da parte di padri e madri; il modo in cui vengono condivise le funzioni di cura nella coppia; le coordinate della rete sociale che può sostenere le famiglie nel loro compito; lo stato di salute della relazione educativa e le idee di “buona educazione” più diffuse.

  2. Characterization of a Zika Virus Isolate from Colombia.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anismrita Lahon

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Zika virus (Flavivirus genus is the first mosquito-borne virus known to cause high rates of microcephaly and abortion in humans. Typically, Zika virus causes a self-limiting, systemic illness; however, the current outbreak of Zika virus in the Americas has been associated with increased rates of fetal malformations and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Very few Zika virus isolates have been described in the literature, and live viruses are needed to perform studies of pathogenesis and to develop vaccines and treatments.We isolated Zika virus, strain FLR, directly from the serum of an individual infected in Barranquilla, Colombia (December, 2015. Here, we describe the patient's clinical course and characterize strain FLR by its growth characteristics in mosquito and mammalian cells and its partial resistance to UV-inactivation. The full genome sequence of FLR was also analyzed (including the 3' un-translated region, to determine its probable geographic origin, and to pinpoint structural differences from other Zika virus strains.We anticipate that the study of this low passage, clinical isolate of Zika virus, which is available for worldwide distribution, will help uncover the mechanisms of viral replication and host immune responses contributing to the varied and sometimes severe clinical presentations seen during the current epidemic in the Americas.

  3. Zika virus produces noncoding RNAs using a multi-pseudoknot structure that confounds a cellular exonuclease

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Akiyama, Benjamin M.; Laurence, Hannah M.; University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; University of California, Davis, CA; Massey, Aaron R.

    2016-01-01

    The outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) and associated fetal microcephaly mandates efforts to understand the molecular processes of infection. Related flaviviruses produce noncoding subgenomic flaviviral RNAs (sfRNAs) that are linked to pathogenicity in fetal mice. These viruses make sfRNAs by co-opting a cellular exonuclease via structured RNAs called xrRNAs. We found that ZIKV-infected monkey and human epithelial cells, mouse neurons, and mosquito cells produce sfRNAs. The RNA structure that is responsible for ZIKV sfRNA production forms a complex fold that is likely found in many pathogenic flaviviruses. Mutations that disrupt the structure affect exonuclease resistance in vitro and sfRNA formation during infection. The complete ZIKV xrRNA structure clarifies the mechanism of exonuclease resistance and identifies features that may modulate function in diverse flaviviruses.

  4. Effects of cell culture and laboratory conditions on type 2 dengue virus infectivity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Manning, J S; Collins, J K

    1979-01-01

    The stability of type 2 dengue virus to exposure to a variety of laboratory conditions was determined. Suckling mouse brain passage virus was adapted for growth in BHK-21 cells, and plaque assays were performed using a tragacanth gum overlay. A three- to fourfold increase in plaque size could be obtained if monolayers were subconfluent at time of inoculation. Incubation of virus for 24 h at 37 degrees C, pH 6.5, or in buffer containing 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetate considerably reduced virus infectivity as compared with virus incubated for the same period at 4 degrees C, pH 8.0, or in buffer with or without 1 mM CaCl2 and 1 mM MgCl2. Multiple freezing and thawing of virus tissue culture medium containing 10% fetal calf serum did not reduce virus infectivity. Images PMID:41848

  5. CUIDADO MATERNO AOS FILHOS NASCIDOS EXPOSTOS AO HIV/AIDS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Léa Maria Moura Barroso

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available La finalidad fue evaluar el cuidado materno a hijos menores de seis meses, nacidos expuestos al VIH/SIDA con la meta de reducir la transmisión vertical. En un ambulatorio especializado en Fortaleza/CE, 18 madres fueron entrevistadas en el segundo semestre de 2007. Estudio exploratorio y descriptivo con planteo cuantitativo. Preguntas evaluaron las recomendacio- nes para cuidado en salud bajo la perspectiva de la prevención de la transmisión vertical. Ninguna madre ofreció lactancia natural al hijo; el 94,4% ofreció Zidovudina® en jarabe de manera adecuada; el 27,8% no llevó a su hijo para acompañamiento especializado, ni tampoco realizó análisis específicos; el 53,9% tuvo frecuencia inadecuada en las consultas; el 55,6% de los niños no recibió profilaxis para pulmonía y estaba con el calendario de vacunas atrasado. Todos los niños recibieron lactancia artificial, aunque con dilución, frecuencia y cantidad inadecuadas, y alimentación complementaria incorrecta. Se concluye que los cuidados proporcionados a los hijos nacidos expuestos al VIH no están en total consonancia con normas preestablecidas para reducción de la transmisión vertical en Brasil.

  6. La nuova qualificazione dei docenti di religione: note a margine del D.P.R. n. 175 del 2012

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simona Attollino

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Il contributo, sottoposto a valutazione, è destinato alla pubblicazione negli atti del Convegno nazionale ADEC "Insegnamenti e insegnanti di religione nella scuola pubblica italiana" (Catanzaro, 25-27 ottobre 2012. SOMMARIO: 1. Il piano dei diritti: incompiute acquisizioni giurisprudenziali - 2. La qualificazione professionale dei docenti alla luce del D.P.R. n. 175 del 20 agosto 2012 - 3. Verso l’accentuazione del carattere culturale dell’I.R.C. - 4. L’ermeneutica del pluralismo sociale: un’offerta formativa aperta. ABSTRACT This essay regards the new professional status of teacher's religion in public school, in the light of juridical discipline approved in 2012. It analyses the rules as well as the abundant case-law in this field, underling the trend that considers the cultural value of catholicism teaching in public school in respect to the context of religious and social pluralism.

  7. Ocular and uteroplacental pathology in a macaque pregnancy with congenital Zika virus infection

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stewart, Laurel M.; Koenig, Michelle; Semler, Matthew; Breitbach, Meghan E.; Zeng, Xiankun; Weiler, Andrea M.; Barry, Gabrielle L.; Thoong, Troy H.; Wiepz, Gregory J.; Dudley, Dawn M.; Simmons, Heather A.; Mejia, Andres; Morgan, Terry K.; Salamat, M. Shahriar; Kohn, Sarah; Antony, Kathleen M.; Mohns, Mariel S.; Hayes, Jennifer M.; Schultz-Darken, Nancy; Schotzko, Michele L.; Peterson, Eric; Capuano, Saverio; Osorio, Jorge E.; O’Connor, Shelby L.; O’Connor, David H.; Golos, Thaddeus G.

    2018-01-01

    Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection impacts fetal development and pregnancy outcomes. We infected a pregnant rhesus macaque with a Puerto Rican ZIKV isolate in the first trimester. The pregnancy was complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), intraamniotic bacterial infection and fetal demise 49 days post infection (gestational day 95). Significant pathology at the maternal-fetal interface included acute chorioamnionitis, placental infarcts, and leukocytoclastic vasculitis of the myometrial radial arteries. ZIKV RNA was disseminated throughout fetal tissues and maternal immune system tissues at necropsy, as assessed by quantitative RT-PCR for viral RNA. Replicating ZIKV was identified in fetal tissues, maternal uterus, and maternal spleen by fluorescent in situ hybridization for viral replication intermediates. Fetal ocular pathology included a choroidal coloboma, suspected anterior segment dysgenesis, and a dysplastic retina. This is the first report of ocular pathology and prolonged viral replication in both maternal and fetal tissues following congenital ZIKV infection in a rhesus macaque. PPROM followed by fetal demise and severe pathology of the visual system have not been described in macaque congenital ZIKV infection previously. While this case of ZIKV infection during pregnancy was complicated by bacterial infection with PPROM, the role of ZIKV on this outcome cannot be precisely defined, and further nonhuman primate studies will determine if increased risk for PPROM or other adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with congenital ZIKV infection. PMID:29381706

  8. Mapping of critical loads of acidity for the Italian terrestrial ecosystems; Mappa dei carichi critici di acidita' totale riferita al territorio italiano

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bonanni, P.; Brini, S.; Delmonaco, G.; Liburdi, C.; Trocciola, A.; Vetrella, G. [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Rome (Italy). Dipt. Ambiente

    1999-07-01

    In this report the mapping of critical loads of acidity for the Italian terrestrial ecosystems is presented. The level 0 method (Stockholm Environment Institute) has been used to determine sensitivity to acid deposition; this semi-quantitative method has been modified to address some Italian characteristics. The sensitivity of the Italian soils to acidification is not particularly elevated: there are really only few small areas with poor tolerance to acid depositions in the north-east Italy, Alpine and Prealpine region. [Italian] Nel presente relazione vengono riportati i risultati della mappatura riferita ad ecosistemi terrestri del territorio italiano, dei carichi critici per l'acidita' totale. Il calcolo dei carichi e' stato eseguito sulla base della metodologia messa a punto dallo Stockholm Environment Institute con alcune modifiche per adattarlo meglio alle caratteristiche del territorio italiano. Si dimostra che la sensibilita' dei suoli italiani all'acidificazione non sia particolarmente elevata: sono state riscontrate infatti solo alcune aree, peraltro con superficie limitata, con una scarsa tolleranza alle deposizioni acide nelle zone del Nord Est, in zona alpina e prealpina.

  9. Outcomes of Congenital Zika Disease Depend on Timing of Infection and Maternal-Fetal Interferon Action

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jinling Chen

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Zika virus (ZIKV infection during pregnancy in humans results in intrauterine growth restriction, spontaneous abortion, and microcephaly. Here, we found that fetus-derived type I interferon (IFN-I signaling can enhance anti-ZIKV responses and provide clinical benefits to the fetus. Because IFN-λ shares signaling cascades and antiviral functions with IFN-I, we investigated the in vivo effects of IFN-λ in ZIKV-infected pregnant mice. IFN-λ administration during mid-pregnancy reduced ZIKV burden in maternal and fetal organs and alleviated placental injuries and fetal demise. In addition, prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of IFN-λ1 in a human trophoblast line, as well as in primary human amniotic epithelial cells, greatly reduced the ZIKV burden. Our data highlight IFN-λ1 as a potential therapeutic useful for women at risk for congenital Zika disease.

  10. Efectos de los RNAm maternos sobre la maduración del ovocito y el desarrollo embrionario temprano en mamíferos. Revisión

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Eduviges Burrola-Barraza

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Obtener o vocitos madurados in vitro , que sean competentes para fertilizarse y originar un porcentaje superior al 50 % de blastocitos viables, es una de las principales metas que existen en el desarrollo in vitro de embriones bovinos. Es por ello necesario entender los procesos celulares, que desembocan en la maduración del ovocito durante la foliculogénesis y su subsecuente transición al embrión. La transición del ovocito al embrión es un p roceso complejo que involucra la inactivación genómica del ovocito y la activación del genoma embrionario. Este proceso se da en bovinos en la etapa de 8 a 16 células y presenta una degradación selectiva de RNAm maternos, que fueron almacenados durante la ovogénesis y son la fuente para la codificación de proteínas en las etapas iníciales del desarrollo embrionario. La acción de los RNAm maternos es clave para que la activación del genoma embrionario se realice en tiempo y forma adecuados. Entender la participación de estos transcritos en la activación del genoma embrionario, es esencial para esclarecer los procesos celulares que fallan en los protocolos de maduración de ovocitos in vitro . Es por esto que el objetivo de esta revisión fue recopilar la información de los principales RNAm maternos que han sido identificados tanto en el modelo murino como el bovino, esto con el fin de integrar el conocimiento relacionado con los procesos genómicos que permiten el desarrollo del embrión en el bovino, y diseñar nuevas estrategias que permitan mejorar los protocolos de fertilización in vitro.

  11. En Alto Riesgo: La Crisis De La Salud Pública En El Instituto Materno Infantil De Bogotá.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César ernesto abadía barrero.

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available This article examinesthe impact of the economic crisis of the instituto materno infantil, colombia, on patients and workers. Families comment on the quality and warmth of health care provided; however, healthcare workers act as buffers protecting patients from the full impact of the crisis. in addition, delays in workers' payments have worsened their quality of life and forced them to look for additional income. We discuss connections between the economic crisis of public hospitals and structural adjustment and conclude that the "problem" of financial viability of the hospitals needs to be analyzed with a political economy framework.

  12. La formación docente desde lo asistencial en el especialista en enfermería materno infantil

    OpenAIRE

    Mur Villar, Norma

    2010-01-01

    La formación, preparación y actualización docente de la enfermería en Cuba es una necesidad para cumplir con el encargo social de este profesional. La presente tesis: “La Formación Docente desde lo Asistencial en el Especialista de Enfermería Materno Infantil, tiene como objeto el proceso de formación de este especialista y como objetivo la elaboración de una propuesta en que la formación docente se concibe como la integración del desempeño docente, asistencial y comunitario en las diferentes...

  13. Fatores que influenciam a transmissão vertical do vírus da imunodeficiência humana tipo 1 Risk factors for vertical transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Geraldo Duarte

    2005-11-01

    ões mamilares, que podem ser resumidos no contexto da amamentação natural.One of the most important advances in the control of the spread of infection with type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1 occurred within the context of vertical transmission (VT, with a reduction from levels of more than 40% to levels of less than 3%. Technological progress together with a better physiopathological understanding of this infection has permitted the determination of the situations and factors that increase the rates of perinatal transmission of the virus, indicating which interventions are most adequate for its control. The situations of higher risk for VT of HIV involve maternal, adnexal, obstetrical, fetal, viral, and postnatal factors. Among maternal factors, particularly important is viral load, the major indicator of the risk of this form of transmission. However, despite its relevance, viral load is not the only variable in this equation, with the following factors also playing important roles: use of illicit drugs, multiple sex partners and unprotected sex, malnutrition, smoking habit, advanced maternal disease, and lack af access or compliance with antiretroviral drugs. Among the adnexal factors are prolonged chorion-amniorrhexis, loss of placental integrity, and the expression of secondary receptors in placental tissue. Among the obstetrical factors, it should be remembered that invasive interventions in the fetus or amniotic chamber, internal cardiotocography, type of delivery, and contact of the fetus/newborn infant with maternal blood are also important elements to be controlled. Among the fetal factors are the expression of secondary HIV-1 receptors, genetic susceptibility, reduced cytotoxic T-lymphocyte function, and prematurity. Among the viral factors, mutations and syncytium-inducing strains are believed to be risk factors for VT. Finally, there are postnatal factors represented by an elevated viral load in maternal milk, a low antibody concentration in this fluid

  14. Value of fetal skeletal radiographs in the diagnosis of fetal death

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bourliere-Najean, B.; Russel, A.S.; Petit, P.; Devred, P.; Panuel, M.; Piercecchi-Marti, M.D.; Fredouille, C.; Sigaudy, S.; Philip, N.

    2003-01-01

    The aim of this study was to assess the value of fetal skeletal radiographs in determining the etiology of fetal death. A total of 1193 post-mortem fetal skeletal radiographs were analysed. Fetuses were classified into one of three groups (group I: abnormality diagnosed during pregnancy; group II: maternal pathology; group III: spontaneous abortion of pregnancy, IIIa before 26 weeks of gestation (WG), IIIb after 26 weeks of gestation). Face, supine and lateral skeletal views were performed. Skeletal abnormalities were detected in 33.9% of the fetuses, including 22.7% with minor abnormalities (abnormal rib number, no nasal bone ossification, amesophalangia or P2 hypoplasia of the fifth digit) and 14.5% with major abnormalities (other skeletal abnormalities). Among the fetuses with major abnormalities, 98.8% came from group I, 2.9% came from group II, 2.3% came from group IIIa and none came from group IIIb. Fetal skeletal radiographs are not useful in fetuses arising from spontaneous abortion of pregnancy without abnormality on ultrasound screening, abnormality clinical examination or in fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormality. This practice is valuable only if there is a multidisciplinary team, with all the participants (pathologists, radiologists, geneticists) knowledgeable about fetal pathology. In the absence of this multidisciplinary approach, it is easier to X-ray all fetuses to avoid misdiagnosis and the important consequences for genetic counselling. (orig.)

  15. Value of fetal skeletal radiographs in the diagnosis of fetal death

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bourliere-Najean, B.; Russel, A.S.; Petit, P.; Devred, P. [Department of Pediatric Radiology, CHU Timone, 264 rue St. Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 5 (France); Panuel, M. [Department of Radiology, Hopital Nord, chemin Bourrelys, 13915 Marseille cedex 20 (France); Piercecchi-Marti, M.D.; Fredouille, C. [Department of Pathology, CHU Timone, 264 rue St. Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 5 (France); Sigaudy, S.; Philip, N. [Department of Genetics, CHU Timone, 264 rue St. Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 5 (France)

    2003-05-01

    The aim of this study was to assess the value of fetal skeletal radiographs in determining the etiology of fetal death. A total of 1193 post-mortem fetal skeletal radiographs were analysed. Fetuses were classified into one of three groups (group I: abnormality diagnosed during pregnancy; group II: maternal pathology; group III: spontaneous abortion of pregnancy, IIIa before 26 weeks of gestation (WG), IIIb after 26 weeks of gestation). Face, supine and lateral skeletal views were performed. Skeletal abnormalities were detected in 33.9% of the fetuses, including 22.7% with minor abnormalities (abnormal rib number, no nasal bone ossification, amesophalangia or P2 hypoplasia of the fifth digit) and 14.5% with major abnormalities (other skeletal abnormalities). Among the fetuses with major abnormalities, 98.8% came from group I, 2.9% came from group II, 2.3% came from group IIIa and none came from group IIIb. Fetal skeletal radiographs are not useful in fetuses arising from spontaneous abortion of pregnancy without abnormality on ultrasound screening, abnormality clinical examination or in fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormality. This practice is valuable only if there is a multidisciplinary team, with all the participants (pathologists, radiologists, geneticists) knowledgeable about fetal pathology. In the absence of this multidisciplinary approach, it is easier to X-ray all fetuses to avoid misdiagnosis and the important consequences for genetic counselling. (orig.)

  16. FATORES DE RISCO MATERNOS E INFANTIS ASSOCIADOS À MORTALIDADE NEONATAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Aparecida Munhoz Gaiva

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se estudiaron los factores materno-infantiles relacionados con la mortalidad neonatal, a partir de datos obtenidos de los Sistemas de Información de Nacidos Vivos y Mortalidad integrados por vinculación. Se analizaron 9.349 nacidos vivos en Cuiabá-MT, en 2010, 78 de los cuales murieron en el período neonatal. Se realizó análisis univariado y multivariado empleando la regresión logística. En el modelo múltiple, se mantuvo asociada con la mortalidad neonatal: la edad materna menor de 20 años; la prematuridad; bajo peso al nacer; Apgar menor a siete en el 1 y 5 minutos; y la presencia de anomalías congénitas. Los resultados indicaron la necesidad de mejorar la calidad de la atención prenatal, para la prevención del bajo peso al nacer y la prematuridad. La asociación entre la muerte neonatal y baja puntuación de Apgar en el 1 y 5 minutos indica, a su vez, la importancia de la atención del parto.

  17. Cuidados maternos a crianças de baixo peso ao nascer Cuidados maternos a niños con bajo peso al nacer Mothers' care to the low birth weight infant

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Débora Falleiros de Mello

    2002-09-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo é descritivo exploratório e teve por objetivo caracterizar os relatos maternos sobre o cuidado à saúde de crianças de baixo peso ao nascer no primeiro e segundo ano de vida, através de entrevistas domiciliares com um grupo de onze mães de crianças procedentes de Ribeirão Preto - SR De modo geral, as mães apontam dificuldades no cuidado de amamentar o bebê, alimentação e uso de medicação, referem preocupações com as intercorrências, reinternações e desenvolvimento psicomotor, implicando na necessidade de suporte profissional para avaliar e acompanhar o processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil no cotidiano das famílias.Este estudio es descriptivo exploratório y tuvo por objetivo caracterizar los relatos maternos sobre el cuidado a la salud de niños con bajo peso al nacer en el primero y segundo ano de vida, a través de entrevistas domiciliares con un grupo de once madres de niños procedentes de Ribeirão Preto - SR De modo general, las madres apuntan dificultades en el cuidado relacionados a la lactancia del bebé, alimentación y uso de medicación. Refieren preocupaciones con las intercurrencias, reinternaciones y desarrollo psicomotor, implicando en la necesidad de soporte profesional para evaluar y acompañar el proceso de crecimiento y desarrollo infantil en el cotidiano de las familias.This is an exploratory and descriptive study which aimed at characterizing mothers' accounts on the care given to the health of children with low weight at birth during their first and second years of life by means of home interviews with a group of eleven mothers of children from Ribeirão Preto - SR The mothers pointed to difficulties with breastfeeding, the babies' diet and medication use. They also referred to concerns about intercurrences, re-hospitalizations and psychomotor development, which results in the need for professional support in order to evaluate and follow the growth and development process of

  18. Epigenetic regulation and fetal programming.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gicquel, Christine; El-Osta, Assam; Le Bouc, Yves

    2008-02-01

    Fetal programming encompasses the role of developmental plasticity in response to environmental and nutritional signals during early life and its potential adverse consequences (risk of cardiovascular, metabolic and behavioural diseases) in later life. The first studies in this field highlighted an association between poor fetal growth and chronic adult diseases. However, environmental signals during early life may lead to adverse long-term effects independently of obvious effects on fetal growth. Adverse long-term effects reflect a mismatch between early (fetal and neonatal) environmental conditions and the conditions that the individual will confront later in life. The mechanisms underlying this risk remain unclear. However, experimental data in rodents and recent observations in humans suggest that epigenetic changes in regulatory genes and growth-related genes play a significant role in fetal programming. Improvements in our understanding of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms at play in fetal programming would make it possible to identify biomarkers for detecting infants at high risk of adult-onset diseases. Such improvements should also lead to the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies.

  19. Fetal pancreatic beta-cell function in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus: relationship to fetal acidemia and macrosomia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Salvesen, D R; Brudenell, J M; Proudler, A J; Crook, D; Nicolaides, K H

    1993-05-01

    Our purpose was to investigate the relationship between fetal pancreatic beta-cell function and fetal acidemia and macrosomia in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus. A cross-sectional study at the Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, London, was performed. In 32 pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus cordocentesis was performed at 36 to 39 weeks' gestation for the measurement of umbilical venous blood pH, PO2, PCO2, lactate, and glucose concentration; plasma insulin immunoreactivity; and insulin/glucose ratio. A reference range for plasma insulin and insulin/glucose ratio was constructed by studying fetal blood samples from 80 women who did not have diabetes mellitus. Mean umbilical venous blood pH was significantly lower and plasma insulin immunoreactivity and insulin/glucose ratio were significantly higher than the appropriate normal mean for gestation. There were significant associations between (1) maternal and fetal blood glucose concentrations (r = 0.95, p < 0.0001), (2) fetal blood glucose and plasma insulin immunoreactivity (r = 0.57, p < 0.01), (3) fetal plasma insulin immunoreactivity and blood pH (r = -0.39, p < 0.05), and (4) fetal insulin/glucose ratio and degree of macrosomia (r = 0.76, p < 0.0001). Fetal pancreatic beta-cell hyperplasia is implicated in the pathogenesis of both fetal acidemia and macrosomia.

  20. Analisi dei metaboliti secondari da fonti naturali: isolamento, caratterizzazione strutturale e attività biologiche

    OpenAIRE

    Nini, Antonella

    2015-01-01

    L’ attività di ricerca del Dottorato di Ricerca in Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, XXVII ciclo, si inserisce nell’ambito della chimica delle sostanze naturali ed è rivolta all’isolamento e alla caratterizzazione strutturale dei metaboliti secondari provenienti da matrici vegetali . Le specie oggetto di studio sono piante, utilizzate nella medicina popolare per le loro caratteristiche fitoterapiche, oppure sono impiegate anche nell’alimentazione. L’indagine chimica si è concentrata sulle ...

  1. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging of thoracic and abdominal malformations; Fetale Magnetresonanztomographie thorakaler und abdomineller Malformationen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Woitek, R.; Asenbaum, U.; Furtner, J.; Prayer, D. [Medizinische Universitaet Wien, Abteilung fuer Neuroradiologie und Muskuloskelettale Radiologie, Universitaetsklinik fuer Radiodiagnostik, Wien (Austria); Brugger, P.C. [Medizinische Universitaet Wien, Zentrum fuer Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Wien (Austria)

    2013-02-15

    Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of fetal thoracic and abdominal malformations. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In cases of suspected pathologies based on fetal ultrasound MRI can be used for more detailed examinations and can be of assistance in the differential diagnostic process. Improved imaging of anatomical structures and of the composition of different tissues by the use of different MRI sequences. Fetal MRI has become a part of clinical routine in thoracic and abdominal malformations and is the basis for scientific research in this field. In cases of thoracic or abdominal malformations fetal MRI provides important information additional to ultrasound to improve diagnostic accuracy, prognostic evaluation and surgical planning. (orig.) [German] Diagnose und Differenzialdiagnose fetaler thorakaler und abdomineller Malformationen. Ultraschall, MRT. MRT zur weiteren Abklaerung und genaueren Differenzierung bei vielen im Ultraschall gestellten Verdachtsdiagnosen. Verbesserte anatomische Darstellung mittels MRT und Darstellung unterschiedlicher Gewebezusammensetzung mittels verschiedener MR-Sequenzen. Die fetale MRT ist bei der angegebenen Fragestellung in die klinische Routine eingegangen und liefert weiterhin die Basis fuer wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen in diesem Bereich. Die fetale MRT liefert beim Vorliegen thorakaler oder abdomineller Malformationen komplementaer zum Ultraschall wichtige Zusatzinformationen, um die diagnostische Genauigkeit zu erhoehen, die Prognoseabschaetzung zu verbessern und ggf. eine bessere chirurgische Planung zu ermoeglichen. (orig.)

  2. Immunobiology of herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus infections of the fetus and newborn

    OpenAIRE

    Muller, William J.; Jones, Cheryl A.; Koelle, David M.

    2010-01-01

    Immunologic “immaturity” is often blamed for the increased susceptibility of newborn humans to infection, but the precise mechanisms and details of immunologic development remain somewhat obscure. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are two of the more common severe infectious agents of the fetal and newborn periods. HSV infection in the newborn most commonly occurs after exposure to the virus during delivery, and can lead to a spectrum of clinical disease ranging from isolat...

  3. Frecuencia cardiaca y movimientos fetales posterior a la administracion de betametasona para maduración pulmonar fetal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yolima Ruiz Lopez

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de la investigación fue demostrar las modificaciones de la frecuencia cardiaca y los movimientos fetales producidas por la administración de betametasona para maduración pulmonar fetal. Se realizó una investigación de tipo explicativa, prospectiva y longitudinal con un diseño cuasi-experimental y una muestra no probabilística de 106 gestantes entre 24 y 34 semanas, con diagnóstico de amenaza de parto pretérmino tratadas con betametasona (12 mg intramuscular cada 24 horas por dos dosis que acudieron al Hospital Central “Dr. Urquinaona”. Se evaluaron los movimientos fetales y frecuencia cardiaca materna y fetal. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la frecuencia cardiaca materna comparado con los valores iniciales (p = ns. Se observó que el valor inicial de la frecuencia cardiaca fetal fue de 135,1±9,7 latidos por minuto para aumentar luego a 137,2±8,9 latidos por minuto (p = ns para presentar un nuevo aumento hasta (142,9±9,9 latidos por minuto que fue significativo comparado con los valores iniciales (p < 0,05. Se observó una disminución significativa de movimientos fetales medidos en 30 minutos después de la primera inyección (23,1±6,0 movimientos comparado con 14,8±7,0 movimientos, para aumentar después de la segunda inyección pero aun presentando valores significativamente más bajos comparado con los valores iniciales (20,0 ±6,7 movimientos; p < 0,05. Se concluye que la administración de betametasona para maduración pulmonar fetal produce incremento significativo en la frecuencia cardiaca y reducción marcada de los movimientos fetales. Abstract Fetal heart rate and movements after betamethasone administration for fetal lung maturity The objective of research was to demonstrate fetal heart rate and movements modifications by the use of betamethasone for fetal lung maturity. An explicative, prospective and longitudinal research was done with a quasi-experimental design and a non

  4. Role of land filling in the modern strategies for solid waste management; Il ruolo della discarica nelle moderne strategie di smaltimento dei rifiuti solidi urbani

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cossu, R.; Lavagnolo, M. C.; Raga, R. [Padua Univ., Padua (Italy). Dipt. di Ingegneria, Idraulica, Marittima, Ambientale e Geotecnica

    2001-09-01

    The new environmental regulations in Europe require higher standards for design and management of new landfills. Municipal solid wastes (MSW) have to be pretreated before land filling, in order to enable strong reduction of landfill emissions and environmental impact. The paper briefly describes the role of new landfills in solid waste management and the influence of some measures on the reduction of emissions and environmental impact. [Italian] In base alle nuove Direttive italiane e comunitarie, la discarica controllata e' destinata ad avere anche in futuro un ruolo di primo piano nella gestione dei rifiuti solidi urbani. In particolare, saranno destinati a smaltimento in discarica rifiuti pretrattati che garantiscano limitata putrescibilita' e minore impatto ambientale della discarica. Nell'articolo vengono esposte alcune considerazioni sul ruolo delle discariche nelle moderne strategie di smaltimento dei rifiuti solidi urbani, sugli effetti del pretrattamento dei rifiuti sulle emissioni di biogas e percolato dalle discariche e sulle caratteristiche idrauliche e meccaniche delle discariche per rifiuti pretrattati.

  5. Una ricerca sulla qualità della vita scolastica di bambini e bambine affetti da malattie emorragiche congenite. Lettura critica dei dati e considerazioni pedagogiche.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alessandra Gigli

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available Il presente rapporto di ricerca costituisce l'esito del lavoro svolto dalle ricercatrici A. Gigli, S. Demozzi del Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Educazione dell’Università di Bologna all'interno del progetto Strategico di Ateneo dal titolo “Definizione di linee guida d’intervento sui pazienti pediatrici affetti da malattie emorragiche congenite: aspetti medici, psicosociali, educativi ed etici”. L'obiettivo principale del lavoro è stato quello di analizzare il punto di vista degli insegnanti in merito alla vita scolastica dei bambini con malattie emorragiche congenite (Mec, le loro relazioni con insegnanti e compagni, i rapporti tra scuola e famiglie. Per monitorare questi aspetti legati alla vita scolastica, nel 2008 è stata realizzata un’indagine sul campo che ha coinvolto insegnanti di scuole dell’infanzia, scuole primarie, scuole secondarie di primo grado della Provincia di Bologna che hanno in classe un/a bambino/a affetti da Mec. Le rilevazioni effettuate tramite interviste semi strutturate hanno avuto i seguenti obiettivi: verificare l’esistenza di rappresentazioni “distorte” delle patologie ed eventuali pregiudizi esistenti; analizzare il processo informativo attraverso cui i docenti conoscono la situazione del bambino e vengono informati sulle Mec; rilevare i nodi problematici e punti di forza, che qualificano negativamente o positivamente le relazione scuola-famiglia; monitorare l’esistenza di pregiudizi in merito alle capacità cognitive dei bambini; verificare se, secondo i docenti, la malattia influisce sulla qualità della relazione educativa, indagando, in particolare, sugli aspetti comunicativi; rilevare eventuali problematiche di integrazione nel gruppo dei pari; verificare se l’adozione di strategie per permettere una migliore integrazione o lo svolgimento delle attività didattiche, ludiche e sportive; rilevare i bisogni formativi e informativi dei docenti. Nell’articolo si presenta una lettura

  6. Chromosome 11-linked determinant controls fetal globin expression and the fetal-to-adult globin switch

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Melis, M.; Demopulos, G.; Najfeld, V.; Zhang, J.W.; Brice, M.; Papayannopoulou, T.; Stamatoyannopoulos, G.

    1987-01-01

    Hybrids formed by fusing mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells with human fetal erythroid cells produce human fetal globin, but they switch to adult globin production as culture time advances. To obtain information on the chromosomal assignment of the elements that control γ-to-β switching, the authors analyzed the chromosomal composition of hybrids producing exclusively or predominantly human fetal globin and hybrids producing only adult human globin. No human chromosome was consistently present in hybrids expressing fetal globin and consistently absent in hybrids expressing adult globin. Subcloning experiments demonstrated identical chromosomal compositions in subclones displaying the fetal globin program and those that had switched to expression of the adult globin program. These data indicate that retention of only one human chromosome -- i.e., chromosome 11 -- is sufficient for expression of human fetal globin and the subsequent γ-to-β switch. The results suggest that the γ-to-β switch is controlled either cis to the β-globin locus of by a trans-acting mechanism, the genes of which reside on human chromosome 11

  7. Monitoraggio virologico dellíinfluenza in Emilia Romagna nellíinverno 2002-2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P. Affanni

    2003-05-01

    Full Text Available

    Obiettivi: è stata organizzata su base regionale la sorveglianza virologica dell’influenza, al fine di verificare la comparsa e diffusione di virus influenzali nella popolazione ed individuare eventuali nuove varianti.

    Metodi: la sorveglianza si è basata sulle segnalazioni di ILI (influenza like illness da parte di 28 medici sentinella distribuiti in diverse città della regione (Parma, Modena, Ravenna, Bologna, Forlì, Rimini, Piacenza; la raccolta dei campioni, iniziata nella quarantaseiesima settimana del 2002, si è protratta fino alla diciassettesima settimana del 2003. I virus isolati in cellule MDCK (e/o PCR sono stati identificati con reazioni di IEA e quindi inviati all’ ISS per una più precisa caratterizzazione antigenica. Risultati: dai 220 tamponi faringei eseguiti sono stati isolati 49 ceppi virali (pari al 22,3%; di questi 39 sono risultati essere H3N2, 8 H1N1, ed 1 di tipo B; uno dei virus isolati è risultato appartenere al nuovo ceppo H1N2 recentemente isolato in altre aree del mondo. Cinque dei virus isolati provenivano da soggetti vaccinati.

    Conclusioni: per quanto le segnalazioni di ILI siano iniziate precocemente nella stagione, il primo isolamento virale ed il picco di massima circolazione dei virus sono risultati tardivi in Emilia Romagna (rispettivamente: 5° e 10° settimana 2003. L’epidemia influenzale, sia come segnalazioni di ILI sia come isolamenti virali, non ha raggiunto i livelli degli anni precedenti (1,2. Nel corso della stagione hanno circolato, tra gli H3N2, diversi tipi e varianti virali di ceppi antigenicamente correlati ai virus A/New York/55/01 e A/Panama/2007/99. Tranne un caso tutti i virus sono stati isolati in giovani adulti confermando dati provenienti da altre regioni.

  8. Fetal Echocardiography/Your Unborn Baby's Heart

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Artery Disease Venous Thromboembolism Aortic Aneurysm More Fetal Echocardiography / Your Unborn Baby's Heart Updated:Oct 6,2016 ... Your Risk • Symptoms & Diagnosis Introduction Common Tests Fetal Echocardiography/Your Unborn Baby's Heart - Fetal Echocardiogram Test - Detection ...

  9. UN NUOVO DUVALIUS DEI MONTI MARTANI (UMBRIA (Coleoptera, Carabidae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P. Magrini

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available Viene descritto Duvalius consortii n. sp. del Monte Martano in Umbria: anoftalmo, con habitus molto specializzato e quindi insolito per un endogeo. In base alla struttura dell’organo genitale maschile la nuova specie risulta non inquadrabile in nessuno dei gruppi di specie già noti (Magrini 1997, 1998. La forma dell’edeago, corto, tozzo e uncinato inferiormente all’apice è ben diversa da quella di tutti i Duvalius noti, mentre la lamella copulatrice si discosta nettamente da quella delle specie dell’Italia centro-meridionale, ricordando solo vagamente la forma di quella di alcuni gruppi alpini,come Duvalius boldorii Jeannel, 1926, ma riteniamo che si tratti sicuramente solo di una convergenza evolutiva. Per questo taxon viene pertanto considerata una nuova linea filetica nella quale istituiamo un “gruppo consortii”.

  10. Molecular and cellular insights into Zika virus-related neuropathies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Kai; Wang, Long; Yu, Di; Huang, Hesuyuan; Ji, Hong; Mo, Xuming

    2017-06-01

    Zika virus (ZIKV), a relatively elusive Aedes mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, had been brought into spotlight until recent widespread outbreaks accompanied by unexpectedly severe clinical neuropathies, including fetal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in the adult. In this review, we focus on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms by which vertically transmitted microorganisms reach the fetus and trigger neuropathies.

  11. Diversão em movimento: um projeto lúdico para crianças hospitalizadas no Serviço de Oncologia Pediátrica do Instituto Materno Infantil Prof. Fernando Figueira, IMIP Ludotherapy for hospitalized children: a ludotherapy program for hospitalized children in the Pediatrics Oncology Unit of the Instituto Materno Infantil Prof. Fernando Figueira, IMIP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arli Melo Pedrosa

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho descreve as atividades lúdicas desenvolvidas na enfermaria de oncologia pediátrica do Instituto Materno Infantil Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP, com 60 pacientes portadores de neoplasias malignas, no período de janeiro de 2004 a janeiro de 2005. Descreve também as etapas do Projeto e apresenta os resultados obtidos, correlacionando as etapas do desenvolvimento da aprendizagem com os instrumentos lúdicos utilizados como recurso minimizador do processo de hospitalização, através dos itens mais solicitados, considerando, para essa análise, as idéias de Jean Piaget e Bruno Bettelheim.This paper describes a ludotherapy program implemented in the pediatrics oncology ward of the Instituto Materno Infantil Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP with 60 malignant neoplasia patients from January 2004 to January 2005. It describes the phases of the project, demonstrates results obtained, relating learning development phases and ludic tools used as a resource to mitigate hospitalization hardships through the most requested items. Jean Piaget and Bruno Bettelheim concepts were used in this assessment.

  12. [Delivery after a previous cesarean in the Gyneco-Obsteric Hospital Garza Garcia, N.L].

    Science.gov (United States)

    de la Garza Quintanilla, C; Celaya Juárez, J A; Hernández Escobar, C

    1997-04-01

    One hundred and four patients who delivered after a previous cesarean section, at Hospital de Ginecoobstetricia de Garza García, N.L., from February 1, 1994 to January 31, 1995, were reviewed. The objective for this study was to know materno-fetal morbi-mortality at our hospital. Age, parity weeks of gestation, cause for previous section, delivery culmination, weight and Apgar of products, as well as, materno-fetal morbi-mortality, were analyzed. Average age group was 21 to 30 years with 68.5%. As to parity nulliparae predominated with 48.1%. As to weeks of gestation, the most frequent was 37 to 40 weeks, 85.5%. Previous section indication was: 1. Pelvic presentation, 2. Fetal stress, 3. Cefalo-pelvic disproportion, 4. Premature rupture of membranes, 5. Toxemia. As to deliveries outcome, there was dystocia in 86.5%, by profilactic low forceps application in 81.7%; and mid low in 4.8%. Eutocic delivery, 13.5%. Product weight was 3,000 to 3,500 g, with 51%. Apgar in 94 products was 8 and 9 at one minute. Maternal morbidity was 15.3% being most frequent vaginal tears. There was one case of uterine atonia, and one case of dura mater adverted puncture. There were no uterine dehiscence nor rupture. Perinatal morbidity was 5.6%. There was no perinatal death.

  13. Maternal hemodynamics, fetal biometry and Dopplers in pregnancies followed up for suspected fetal growth restriction.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Roberts, Llinos A; Ling, Hua Zen; Poon, Liona; Nicolaides, Kypros H; Kametas, Nikos A

    2018-04-01

    To assess whether in a cohort of patients with small for gestational age (SGA) foetuses with estimated fetal weight ≤10 th percentile, maternal hemodynamics, fetal biometry and Dopplers at presentation, can predict the subsequent development of abnormal fetal Dopplers or delivery with birthweight Cheetah), mean arterial pressure, fetal biometry, umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA) and uterine artery (UT) pulsatility index (PI) and the deepest vertical pool (DVP) of amniotic fluid. Z-scores of these variables were calculated based on reported reference ranges and the values were compared between those with evidence of abnormal fetal Dopplers at presentation (group 1), those that developed abnormal Dopplers in subsequent visits (group 2) and those who did not develop abnormal Dopplers throughout pregnancy (group 3). Abnormal fetal Dopplers were defined as UAPI >95 th percentile, or MCA PI <5 th percentile. Differences in measured variables at presentation were also compared between pregnancies delivering a baby with birthweight <3 rd and ≥3 rd percentile. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine significant predictors of birthweight <3 rd percentile and evolution from normal fetal Dopplers to abnormal fetal Dopplers in groups 2 and 3. In the study population 14 (16%) cases were in group 1, 19 (22%) in group 2 and 53 (62%) in group 3. The birthweight was <3 rd percentile in 39 (45%) cases and ≥3 rd percentile in 47 (55%). In the study groups, compared to normal populations, there was decreased cardiac output and stroke volume and increased peripheral vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the deviations from normal were most marked in group 1. Pregnancies with a birthweight <3 rd , compared to those ≥3 rd percentile, had higher deviations from normal in fetal biometry, maternal cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate and peripheral vascular resistance and UT-PI. Multivariate logistic regression

  14. Digital atlas of fetal brain MRI.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chapman, Teresa; Matesan, Manuela; Weinberger, Ed; Bulas, Dorothy I

    2010-02-01

    Fetal MRI can be performed in the second and third trimesters. During this time, the fetal brain undergoes profound structural changes. Interpretation of appropriate development might require comparison with normal age-based models. Consultation of a hard-copy atlas is limited by the inability to compare multiple ages simultaneously. To provide images of normal fetal brains from weeks 18 through 37 in a digital format that can be reviewed interactively. This will facilitate recognition of abnormal brain development. T2-W images for the atlas were obtained from fetal MR studies of normal brains scanned for other indications from 2005 to 2007. Images were oriented in standard axial, coronal and sagittal projections, with laterality established by situs. Gestational age was determined by last menstrual period, earliest US measurements and sonogram performed on the same day as the MR. The software program used for viewing the atlas, written in C#, permits linked scrolling and resizing the images. Simultaneous comparison of varying gestational ages is permissible. Fetal brain images across gestational ages 18 to 37 weeks are provided as an interactive digital atlas and are available for free download from http://radiology.seattlechildrens.org/teaching/fetal_brain . Improved interpretation of fetal brain abnormalities can be facilitated by the use of digital atlas cataloging of the normal changes throughout fetal development. Here we provide a description of the atlas and a discussion of normal fetal brain development.

  15. LA FORMACIÓN DE UNA NUEVA MENTALIDAD RELIGIOSA DE LA ELITE EMPRESARIAL DURANTE LA DICTADURA MILITAR, 1974-1990. EL CATOLICISMO EMPRESARIAL DEL OPUS DEI.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabián Gaspar Bustamante Olguín

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender las claves de la formación de la nueva mentalidad religiosa de la elite empresarial, nacida durante la dictadura militar, a través del análisis de los postulados de Monseñor Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer, líder y fundador del Opus Dei. La interrogante de este artículo es ¿de qué manera el Opus Dei le imprimió un nuevo ethos cultural y una justificación ideológica al empresariado y a su sistema neoliberal? ¿Cuánto de esamentalidad religiosa conservadora aportó al proyecto económico de la elite empresarial? De lo anterior, se sostiene que los planteamientos del Opus Dei, basados en la santificación del trabajo ordinario y la justificación que hacen de la riqueza, permitieron sintetizar los valores tradicionales católicos de la élite con las exigencias de la modernización económica capitalista neoliberal.

  16. Maternal protein-energy malnutrition during early pregnancy in sheep impacts the fetal ornithine cycle to reduce fetal kidney microvascular development.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dunford, Louise J; Sinclair, Kevin D; Kwong, Wing Y; Sturrock, Craig; Clifford, Bethan L; Giles, Tom C; Gardner, David S

    2014-11-01

    This paper identifies a common nutritional pathway relating maternal through to fetal protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and compromised fetal kidney development. Thirty-one twin-bearing sheep were fed either a control (n=15) or low-protein diet (n=16, 17 vs. 8.7 g crude protein/MJ metabolizable energy) from d 0 to 65 gestation (term, ∼ 145 d). Effects on the maternal and fetal nutritional environment were characterized by sampling blood and amniotic fluid. Kidney development was characterized by histology, immunohistochemistry, vascular corrosion casts, and molecular biology. PEM had little measureable effect on maternal and fetal macronutrient balance (glucose, total protein, total amino acids, and lactate were unaffected) or on fetal growth. PEM decreased maternal and fetal urea concentration, which blunted fetal ornithine availability and affected fetal hepatic polyamine production. For the first time in a large animal model, we associated these nutritional effects with reduced micro- but not macrovascular development in the fetal kidney. Maternal PEM specifically impacts the fetal ornithine cycle, affecting cellular polyamine metabolism and microvascular development of the fetal kidney, effects that likely underpin programming of kidney development and function by a maternal low protein diet. © FASEB.

  17. Symptoms of postpartum depression and early interruption of exclusive breastfeeding in the first two months of life Sintomas de depressão pós-parto e interrupção precoce do aleitamento materno exclusivo nos dois primeiros meses de vida

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Helena Hasselmann

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available This study evaluates the association between postpartum depression and interruption of exclusive breastfeeding in the first two months of life. Cohort study of 429 infants Avaliou-se a associação entre depressão pós-parto e interrupção precoce do aleitamento materno exclusivo nos dois primeiros meses de vida. Estudo de coorte com 429 crianças < 20 dias de idade em quatro unidades de saúde no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Considerou-se como interrupção precoce do aleitamento materno exclusivo a introdução de chá, água, suco, leite artificial ou qualquer outro alimento. Na avaliação da depressão pós-parto utilizou-se a Edinburgh Post-natal Depression Scale. Associações foram expressas como razões de prevalências (linha de base e riscos relativos (primeiro e segundo meses de vida e respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança estimados via regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Filhos de mulheres com sintomas de depressão pós-parto apresentam maior risco de interrupção precoce do aleitamento materno exclusivo nos dois meses de seguimento (RR = 1,46; IC95%: 0,98-2,17 e RR = 1,21; IC95%: 1,02-1,45, respectivamente. Entre mães que amamentam exclusivamente até o primeiro mês de vida, depressão pós-parto não se associou à interrupção precoce do aleitamento materno exclusivo (RR = 1,44; IC95%: 0,68-3,06. Esses achados apontam para a importância da saúde mental materna no sucesso do aleitamento materno exclusivo.

  18. Complicações obstétricas em gestações com feto portador de anomalia incompatível com a sobrevida neonatal Complicaciones obstétricas en gestaciones con feto portador de anomalía incompatible con la sobrevivencia neonatal Obstetric complications in pregnancies with fetal anomalies incompatible with neonatal survival

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Danila Cristina Paquier Sala

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever as complicações obstétricas mais comuns encontradas nos períodos gestacional, parto e puerpério imediato de gestantes com fetos portadores de anomalias incompatíveis com a vida. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, onde avaliou-se 78 prontuários de pacientes atendidas no pré-natal da Disciplina de Medicina Fetal da Universidade Federal de São Paulo que tiveram partos nessa mesma instituição, entre 2000 e 2006. RESULTADOS: As principais complicações obstétricas identificadas foram:variação do volume de líquido amniótico em 68%; abortamento, parto pré-termo e a gravidez prolongada estiveram presentes em 6,4%, 55,1% e 3,8% das gestações, respectivamente; óbito fetal intra-uterino em 17,9%; descolamento prematuro da placenta ocorreu em 6,4% e histerectomia em 2,6%. CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados sugerem aumento de risco materno em gestações com fetos portadores de anomalias graves, fato que demonstra necessidade de avaliação especializada caso a caso.OBJETIVO: Describir las complicaciones obstétricas más comunes encontradas en los períodos de gestación, parto y puerperio inmediato de embarazadas con fetos portadores de anomalías incompatibles con la vida. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, que evaluó 78 fichas médicas de pacientes atendidos en el prenatal de la Disciplina de Medicina Fetal de la Universidad Federal de Sao Paulo que tuvieron partos en esa misma institución, entre 2000 y 2006. RESULTADOS: Las principales complicaciones obstétricas identificadas fueron: variación del volumen de líquido amniótico en 68%; abortamiento, parto pre-término y embarazo prolongado estuvieron presentes en 6,4%, 55,1% y 3,8% de las gestaciones, respectivamente; muerte fetal intra-uterina en 17,9%; desprendimiento prematuro de la placenta ocurrió en 6,4% e histerectomía en 2,6%. CONCLUSIÓN: Éstos resultados sugieren un aumento del riesgo materno en gestaciones con fetos portadores de anomal

  19. Accounting for Fetal Origins

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Dalgaard, Carl-Johan Lars; Hansen, Casper Worm; Strulik, Holger

    2017-01-01

    The Fetal Origins hypothesis has received considerable empirical support, both within epidemiology and economics. The present study compares the ability of two rival theoretical frameworks in accounting for the kind of path dependence implied by the Fetal Origins Hypothesis. We argue that while...

  20. The number of fetal cells in maternal blood is associated to exercise and fetal gender

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Schlütter, Jacob Mørup; Kirkegaard, Ida; Christensen, Connie Britta

    Introduction: We have established a robust method to specifically identify and isolate a placental fetal cell in maternal blood (fcmbs) at a gestational age of 12 weeks. The concentration of these cells, however, varies considerably among pregnant women (median 3 fcmbs/30 mL blood, range 0...... activity was obtained by a questionnaire and a structured interview. The number of fcmbs was assessed in 30 mL blood processed by a proprietary method developed in-house. Fetal cells in the blood, binding to fetal cell specific antibodies, were initially isolated by magnetic cell sorting. The fetal cells...... vs. 4, p=0.06) decreased the number of fcmbs, whereas coitus the evening before increased the number (4 vs. 3, p=0.11). Conclusion: The number of fcmbs is affected by normal activities. This should be taken into account when planning collection of fetal cells in connection for prenatal diagnosis...

  1. OCT structural examination of Madonna dei Fusi by Leonardo da Vinci

    Science.gov (United States)

    Targowski, Piotr; Iwanicka, Magdalena; Sylwestrzak, Marcin; Kaszewska, Ewa A.; Frosinini, Cecilia

    2013-05-01

    Madonna dei Fusi (`Madonna of the Yarnwider') is a spectacular example of Italian Renaissance painting, attributed to Leonardo da Vinci. The aim of this study is to give an account of past restoration procedures. The evidence of a former retouching campaign will be presented with cross-sectional images obtained non-invasively with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Specifically, the locations of overpaintings/retouchings with respect to the original paint layer and secondary varnishes will be given. Additionally, the evidence of a former transfer of the pictorial layer to the new canvas support by detecting the presence of its structure incised into paint layer will be shown.

  2. Antropologia visuale dei senza casa di Place de la Réunion

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sylvaine Conord

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available Questo quartiere negli anni 90 veniva considerato una zona prevalentemente popolare. Oggi resta l’esempio emblematico di una Parigi popolare in mutamento. Questa ricerca è sempre attuale grazie al soggetto: i senza casa. La questione dei senza casa nella regione parigina non è risolta: migliaia di nuclei familiari attendono l'assegnazione di un alloggio abitabile. Numerose famiglie vivono in palazzi occupati, nonostante abbiano presentato presso i servizi pubblici la loro domanda da molti anni. Quindi, oltre ad un osservazione partecipante, questo lavoro pone l’accento "su una sociologia militante" che prende corpo attraverso le testimonianze e la partecipazione attiva dell'osservatrice alle diverse situazioni che vive e vede.

  3. Fetal response to maternal hunger and satiation - novel finding from a qualitative descriptive study of maternal perception of fetal movements.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bradford, Billie; Maude, Robyn

    2014-08-26

    Maternal perception of decreased fetal movements is a specific indicator of fetal compromise, notably in the context of poor fetal growth. There is currently no agreed numerical definition of decreased fetal movements, with the subjective perception of a decrease on the part of the mother being the most significant definition clinically. Both qualitative and quantitative aspects of fetal activity may be important in identifying the compromised fetus.Yet, how pregnant women perceive and describe fetal activity is under-investigated by qualitative means. The aim of this study was to explore normal fetal activity, through first-hand descriptive accounts by pregnant women. Using qualitative descriptive methodology, interviews were conducted with 19 low-risk women experiencing their first pregnancy, at two timepoints in their third trimester. Interview transcripts were later analysed using qualitative content analysis and patterns of fetal activity identified were then considered along-side the characteristics of the women and their birth outcomes. This paper focuses on a novel finding; the description by pregnant women of fetal behaviour indicative of hunger and satiation. Full findings will be presented in later papers. Most participants (74% 14 of 19) indicated mealtimes were a time of increased fetal activity. Eight participants provided detailed descriptions of increased activity around meals, with seven (37% 7 of 19) of these specifying increased fetal activity prior to meals or in the context of their own hunger. These movements were interpreted as a fetal demand for food often prompting the mother to eat. Interestingly, the women who described increased fetal activity in the context of hunger subsequently gave birth to smaller infants (mean difference 364 gm) than those who did not describe a fetal response to hunger. Food seeking behaviour may have a pre-birth origin. Maternal-fetal interaction around mealtimes could constitute an endocrine mediated

  4. Digital atlas of fetal brain MRI

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chapman, Teresa; Weinberger, E. [Department of Radiology, Seattle Children' s Hospital, Seattle, WA (United States); Matesan, Manuela [University of Washington, Department of Radiology, Seattle, WA (United States); Bulas, Dorothy I. [Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children' s National Medical Center, Washington, DC (United States)

    2010-02-15

    Fetal MRI can be performed in the second and third trimesters. During this time, the fetal brain undergoes profound structural changes. Interpretation of appropriate development might require comparison with normal age-based models. Consultation of a hard-copy atlas is limited by the inability to compare multiple ages simultaneously. To provide images of normal fetal brains from weeks 18 through 37 in a digital format that can be reviewed interactively. This will facilitate recognition of abnormal brain development. T2-W images for the atlas were obtained from fetal MR studies of normal brains scanned for other indications from 2005 to 2007. Images were oriented in standard axial, coronal and sagittal projections, with laterality established by situs. Gestational age was determined by last menstrual period, earliest US measurements and sonogram performed on the same day as the MR. The software program used for viewing the atlas, written in C, permits linked scrolling and resizing the images. Simultaneous comparison of varying gestational ages is permissible. Fetal brain images across gestational ages 18 to 37 weeks are provided as an interactive digital atlas and are available for free download. Improved interpretation of fetal brain abnormalities can be facilitated by the use of digital atlas cataloging of the normal changes throughout fetal development. Here we provide a description of the atlas and a discussion of normal fetal brain development. (orig.)

  5. Digital atlas of fetal brain MRI

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chapman, Teresa; Weinberger, E.; Matesan, Manuela; Bulas, Dorothy I.

    2010-01-01

    Fetal MRI can be performed in the second and third trimesters. During this time, the fetal brain undergoes profound structural changes. Interpretation of appropriate development might require comparison with normal age-based models. Consultation of a hard-copy atlas is limited by the inability to compare multiple ages simultaneously. To provide images of normal fetal brains from weeks 18 through 37 in a digital format that can be reviewed interactively. This will facilitate recognition of abnormal brain development. T2-W images for the atlas were obtained from fetal MR studies of normal brains scanned for other indications from 2005 to 2007. Images were oriented in standard axial, coronal and sagittal projections, with laterality established by situs. Gestational age was determined by last menstrual period, earliest US measurements and sonogram performed on the same day as the MR. The software program used for viewing the atlas, written in C, permits linked scrolling and resizing the images. Simultaneous comparison of varying gestational ages is permissible. Fetal brain images across gestational ages 18 to 37 weeks are provided as an interactive digital atlas and are available for free download. Improved interpretation of fetal brain abnormalities can be facilitated by the use of digital atlas cataloging of the normal changes throughout fetal development. Here we provide a description of the atlas and a discussion of normal fetal brain development. (orig.)

  6. MRI of the fetal spine

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Simon, Erin M. [Departement of Radiology, Children' s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (United States)

    2004-09-01

    Magnetic resonance imaging of the fetal spine is a vital complement to fetal sonographic examination. Assessing the wide spectrum of spinal dysraphism, as well as spinal neoplasia, allows for more correct prenatal diagnoses, patient care planning, and patient counselling. Proper appraisal of the value of experimental procedures, such as fetal myelomeningocoele repair, requires a high level of diagnostic accuracy for the selection and follow-up of appropriate candidates. (orig.)

  7. MRI of the fetal spine

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Simon, Erin M.

    2004-01-01

    Magnetic resonance imaging of the fetal spine is a vital complement to fetal sonographic examination. Assessing the wide spectrum of spinal dysraphism, as well as spinal neoplasia, allows for more correct prenatal diagnoses, patient care planning, and patient counselling. Proper appraisal of the value of experimental procedures, such as fetal myelomeningocoele repair, requires a high level of diagnostic accuracy for the selection and follow-up of appropriate candidates. (orig.)

  8. Thrombophilic disorders and fetal loss: a meta-analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rey, Evelyne; Kahn, Susan R; David, Michèle; Shrier, Ian

    2003-03-15

    Our aim was to assess the strength of the controversial association between thrombophilia and fetal loss, and to examine whether it varies according to the timing or definition of fetal loss. We searched Medline and Current Contents for articles published between 1975 and 2002 and their references with terms denoting recurrent fetal and non-recurrent fetal loss combined with various thrombophilic disorders. We included in our meta-analysis case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies published in English, the methodological quality of which was rated as moderate or strong. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI were generated by random effects models with Cochrane Review Manager software. We included 31 studies. Factor V Leiden was associated with early (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.13-3.58) and late (7.83, 2.83-21.67) recurrent fetal loss, and late non-recurrent fetal loss (3.26, 1.82-5.83). Exclusion of women with other pathologies that could explain fetal loss strengthened the association between Factor V Leiden and recurrent fetal loss. Activated protein C resistance was associated with early recurrent fetal loss (3.48, 1.58-7.69), and prothrombin G20210A mutation with early recurrent (2.56, 1.04-.29) and late non-recurrent (2.30, 1.09-4.87) fetal loss. Protein S deficiency was associated with recurrent fetal loss (14.72, 0.99-218.01) and late non-recurrent fetal loss (7.39, 1.28-42.63). Methylenetetrahydrofolate mutation, protein C, and antithrombin deficiencies were not significantly associated with fetal loss. The magnitude of the association between thrombophilia and fetal loss varies, according to type of fetal loss and type of thrombophilia.

  9. Complicações maternas decorrentes das cirurgias endoscópicas em Medicina fetal Maternal complications following endoscopic surgeries in fetal Medicine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cleisson Fábio Andrioli Peralta

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: descrever as complicações maternas decorrentes dos procedimentos endoscópicos terapêuticos em Medicina fetal, realizados em um centro universitário no Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudo observacional retrospectivo que incluiu gestantes atendidas no período de Abril de 2007 a Maio de 2010. Esses casos foram submetidos aos seguintes procedimentos: ablação vascular placentária com laser (AVPL por síndrome de transfusão feto-fetal (STFF grave; oclusão traqueal fetal (OTF e retirada de balão traqueal por via endoscópica por hérnia diafragmática congênita (HDC grave e AVPL, com ou sem cauterização bipolar do cordão umbilical, por síndrome da perfusão arterial reversa (SPAR em gêmeo acárdico. As principais variáveis descritas para cada condição clínica/tipo de cirurgia foram as complicações maternas e a sobrevida (alta do berçário do neonato/lactente. RESULTADOS: cinquenta e seis gestantes foram submetidas a 70 procedimentos: STFF grave (34 pacientes; 34 cirurgias; HDC grave (16 pacientes; 30 cirurgias e SPAR (6 pacientes; 6 cirurgias. Entre as 34 gestantes tratadas com AVPL por STFF, duas (2/34=5,9% apresentaram perda de líquido amniótico para a cavidade peritoneal e sete (7/34=20,6% tiveram abortamento após os procedimentos. A sobrevida de pelo menos um gêmeo foi de 64,7% (22/34. Entre as 30 intervenções realizadas para HDC, houve perda de líquido amniótico para a cavidade peritoneal materna em um caso (1/30=3,3% e rotura prematura pré-termo de membranas após três (3/30=30% fetoscopias para retirada do balão traqueal. A sobrevida com alta do berçário foi de 43,8% (7/16. Entre os seis casos de SPAR, houve sangramento materno para a cavidade peritoneal após uma cirurgia (1/6=16,7% e a sobrevida com alta do berçário foi de 50% (3/6. CONCLUSÕES: em concordância com os dados disponíveis na literatura, em nosso centro, os benefícios relacionados às intervenções endoscópicas terapêuticas em casos de

  10. Fetal MRI: techniques and protocols

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Prayer, Daniela; Brugger, Peter Christian; Prayer, Lucas

    2004-01-01

    The development of ultrafast sequences has led to a significant improvement in fetal MRI. Imaging protocols have to be adjusted to the rapidly developing fetal central nervous system (CNS) and to the clinical question. Sequence parameters must be changed to cope with the respective developmental stage, to produce images free from motion artefacts and to provide optimum visualization of the region and focus of interest. In contrast to postnatal studies, every suspect fetal CNS abnormality requires examination of the whole fetus and the extrafetal intrauterine structures including the uterus. This approach covers both aspects of fetal CNS disorders: isolated and complex malformations and cerebral lesions arising from the impaired integrity of the feto-placental unit. (orig.)

  11. Fetal MRI: techniques and protocols

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Prayer, Daniela [Department of Neuroradiology, University Clinics of Radiodiagnostics, Medical University Vienna, Waehringerguertel 18-10, 1090, Vienna (Austria); Brugger, Peter Christian [Department of Anatomy, Integrative Morphology Group, Medical University Vienna (Austria); Prayer, Lucas [Diagnosezentrum Urania, Vienna (Austria)

    2004-09-01

    The development of ultrafast sequences has led to a significant improvement in fetal MRI. Imaging protocols have to be adjusted to the rapidly developing fetal central nervous system (CNS) and to the clinical question. Sequence parameters must be changed to cope with the respective developmental stage, to produce images free from motion artefacts and to provide optimum visualization of the region and focus of interest. In contrast to postnatal studies, every suspect fetal CNS abnormality requires examination of the whole fetus and the extrafetal intrauterine structures including the uterus. This approach covers both aspects of fetal CNS disorders: isolated and complex malformations and cerebral lesions arising from the impaired integrity of the feto-placental unit. (orig.)

  12. O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase in human fetal tissues: fetal and maternal factors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    D'Ambrosio, S.M.; Samuel, M.J.; Dutta-Choudhury, T.A.; Wani, A.A.

    1986-01-01

    O 6 -Methylguanine methyltransferase (O 6 -MT) was measured and compared in extracts of 7 human fetal tissues obtained from 21 different fetal specimens as a function of fetal age and race, and maternal smoking and drug usage. Activity was determined from the proteinase-K solubilized radioactivity transferred from the DNA to the O 6 -MT. S9 homogenates were incubated with a heat depurinated [ 3 H]-methylnitrosourea alkylated DNA. Liver exhibited the highest activity followed by kidney, lung, small intestine, large intestine, skin and brain. Each of the tissues exhibited a 3- to 5-fold level of interindividual variation of O 6 -MT. There did not appear to be any significant difference of O 6 -MT in the tissues obtained from mothers who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy. Also, fetal race and age did not appear to account for the level of variation of O 6 -MT. The fetal tissues obtained from an individual using phenobarbital and smoking exhibited 4-fold increases in O 6 -MT activity. The tissues obtained from another individual on kidney dialysis were 2- to 3-fold higher than the normal population. These data suggest that the variation in human O 6 -MT can not be explained by racial or smoking factors, but may be modulated by certain drugs

  13. Predicting intrapartum fetal compromise using the fetal cerebro-umbilical ratio.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sabdia, S; Greer, R M; Prior, T; Kumar, S

    2015-05-01

    The aim of this study was to explore the association between the cerebro-umbilical ratio measured at 35-37 weeks and intrapartum fetal compromise. This retrospective cross sectional study was conducted at the Mater Mothers' Hospital in Brisbane, Australia. Maternal demographics and fetal Doppler indices at 35-37 weeks gestation for 1381 women were correlated with intrapartum and neonatal outcomes. Babies born by caesarean section or instrumental delivery for fetal compromise had the lowest median cerebro-umbilical ratio 1.60 (IQR 1.22-2.08) compared to all other delivery groups (vaginal delivery, emergency delivery for failure to progress, emergency caesarean section for other reasons or elective caesarean section). The percentage of infants with a cerebro-umbilical ratio cerebro-umbilical ratio between the 10th-90th centile and 9.6% of infants with a cerebro-umbilical ratio > 90th centile required delivery for the same indication (p cerebro-umbilical ratio was associated with an increased risk of emergency delivery for fetal compromise, OR 2.03 (95% CI 1.41-2.92), p cerebro-umbilical ratio measured at 35-37 weeks is associated with a greater risk of intrapartum compromise. This is a relatively simple technique which could be used to risk stratify women in diverse healthcare settings. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Bioethics in the evaluation of the fetal central nervous system in third world countries: applying Rotary International’s four way test

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Emilio Hernández-Rojas

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Evaluation of fetal central nervous system (CNS can be performed with invasive and non-invasive tests but, the implementation of any of both present ethical dilemmas in the prenatal obstetrical management and perinatal therapy. Severely sick fetuses are usually aborted, and such practice is hazardous in third world countries, especially in current times with worldwide spread of Zika virus infection. Rotary International’s four way test give the practitioners a guideline to perform a moral and ethical medical pattern in order to respect the woman and her fetus rights, beneficence and autonomy. Bioethical guidelines in case of an adverse fetal CNS diagnosis is proposed based in this Rotarian moral model.

  15. THE DRAINAGE EFFICIENCY INDEX (DEI) AS AN MORPHOLOGIAL INDICATOR OF LANDSLIDE SPATIAL OCCURRENCE IN MOUNTAINOUS CATCHMENTS. A case of study applied in the mountainous region of Brazilian Southeastern.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Henrique Muniz Lima, Pedro; Luiza Coelho Netto, Ana; do Couto Fernandes, Manoel

    2016-04-01

    Morphometric parameters, acquired notoriety mainly after the Drainage Density proposition (Horton 1932, 1945) and after they were applied by geomorphologists on the perspective to understand landscape functionalities, quantifying their characteristics through parameters and indexes. After the drainage density, many other parameters which describe the basin characteristics, behavior and dynamics have been proposed. Among them, for example, the DEI was proposed by Coelho Netto and contributors during the 80's, while they were seek to understand the hydrological and erosive dynamics on Bananal river basin (Brazilian Southeastern). Through this investigations the DEI was created, revealing the importance of parameters as hollow and drainage density, conjugated to the topographic gradient (Meis et al. 1982) who prosecute controls on the water flow efficiency along the hollows in order to activate the regressive erosion of the main channel. Later on this index was applied on the basin scale in several works developed in mountainous regions, showing a remarkable correlation with the occurrence of landslides such as showed by Coelho Netto et al. (2007); that posteriorly use this index as one of the components of the landslide susceptibility map for the Tijuca Massif, located in Rio de Janeiro Municipality. This work aims to establish patterns of the DEI index values (applied to mountainous low order basins) and the relationship on the occurrence of Debriflows or shallow translational slides. For this, the DEI index was applied on 4 different study areas located on the Southeastern mountainous region of Brazil to address deeply the connection between the index and the occurrence of landslides of different types applied for first and second order basins. The major study area is the Córrego Dantas Basin, situated in Nova Friburgo municipality (RJ), which is a 53 km² basin was affected by 327 landslides caused by a heavy rainfall on January 2011; Coelho Netto et al. (in

  16. Fetal MRI

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Prayer, D.; Brugger, P.C.

    2004-01-01

    New, ultrafast sequences have made it possible to obtain MR images of the fetus without maternal sedation or immobilization of the fetus itself. While fetal MRI began as an adjunct to ultrasound, it has now been shown that MRI can provide additional information that may change prognosis, the management of pregnancy, or the treatment of the newborn child. It is of particular value in the assessment of malformations of the central nervous system. The steady development and adaptation of MR-sequences to the needs of fetal imaging has led to new indications that can support prognostic and therapeutic decisions. (orig.)

  17. Fetal MRI

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Prayer, D.; Brugger, P.C. [University Hospital of Vienna (Austria). Division of Neuroradiology

    2004-07-01

    New, ultrafast sequences have made it possible to obtain MR images of the fetus without maternal sedation or immobilization of the fetus itself. While fetal MRI began as an adjunct to ultrasound, it has now been shown that MRI can provide additional information that may change prognosis, the management of pregnancy, or the treatment of the newborn child. It is of particular value in the assessment of malformations of the central nervous system. The steady development and adaptation of MR-sequences to the needs of fetal imaging has led to new indications that can support prognostic and therapeutic decisions. (orig.)

  18. Comportamento strutturale e qualita' di campo delle bobine dei dipoli per LHC studio e confronto con i risultati sperimentali

    CERN Document Server

    Ferracin, P

    1998-01-01

    Il lavoro di questa tesi consiste nell’analisi e verifica dello stato di tensione e deformazione della bobina dei dipoli superconduttori per LHC (Large Hadron Collider) Il lavoro di questa tesi consiste nell’analisi e verifica dello stato di tensione e deformazione…

  19. Cadmium-induced fetal toxicity in the rat

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Levin, A.A.

    1980-01-01

    Cadmium, a heavy metal environment contaminant, induces fetal death and placental necrosis in the Wistar rat. This study investigated fetal, maternal, and placental responses to cadmium intoxication. Subcutaneous injection of CdCl 2 to dams on day 18 of pregnancy produced a high incidence of fetal death (75%) and placental necrosis. Death in the fetus was produced despite limited fetal accumulations of cadmium. Distribution studies using 109 Cd-labeled CdCl 2 demonstrated that less than 0.1% of the injected dose was associated with the fetus. To determine if fetuses were sensitive to these low levels of cadmium, direct injections of CdCl 2 into fetuses were performed in utero. Direct injections produced fetal accumulations 8-fold greater than those following maternal injections. The 8-fold greater fetal accumulations following direct injection were associated with only a 12% fetal mortality compared to the 75% mortality following maternal injections. The data indicated that the fetal toxicity of cadmium following maternal injections was not the result of direct effects of cadmium on the fetus. In conclusion, cadmium-induced fetal death was not the result of direct effects of cadmium on the fetus but may have been induced by placental cellular injury resulting from high accumulations of cadmium in the placenta. A vascular response to placental injury, leading to decreased utero-placental bood flow and cadmium-induced alterations in trophoblastic function, resulted in fetal death

  20. The "Fetal Reserve Index": Re-Engineering the Interpretation and Responses to Fetal Heart Rate Patterns.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eden, Robert D; Evans, Mark I; Evans, Shara M; Schifrin, Barry S

    2018-01-01

    Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) correlates poorly with neonatal outcome. We present a new metric: the "Fetal Reserve Index" (FRI), formally incorporating EFM with maternal, obstetrical, fetal risk factors, and excessive uterine activity for assessment of risk for cerebral palsy (CP). We performed a retrospective, case-control series of 50 term CP cases with apparent intrapartum neurological injury and 200 controls. All were deemed neurologically normal on admission. We compared the FRI against ACOG Category (I-III) system and long-term outcome parameters against ACOG monograph (NEACP) requirements for labor-induced fetal neurological injury. Abnormal FRI's identified 100% of CP cases and did so hours before injury. ACOG Category III identified only 44% and much later. Retrospective ACOG monograph criteria were found in at most 30% of intrapartum-acquired CP patients; only 27% had umbilical or neonatal pH <7.0. In this initial, retrospective trial, an abnormal FRI identified all cases of labor-related neurological injury more reliably and earlier than Category III, which may allow fetal therapy by intrauterine resuscitation. The combination of traditional EFM with maternal, obstetrical, and fetal risk factors creating the FRI performed much better as a screening test than EFM alone. Our quantified screening system needs further evaluation in prospective trials. © 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  1. Dificuldades no aleitamento materno e influência no desmame precoce

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eliana Rocci

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available O estudo objetivou verificar o tempo médio do aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME de crianças nascidas em Hospital Amigo da Criança (IHAC e correlacioná-lo com as variáveis: estado civil, idade materna, peso do bebê, dificuldades na amamentação e orientações recebidas. Trata-se de estudo de coorte com amostra de 225 mães entrevistadas no puerpério mediato e no 15º, 30º, 60º, 120º e 180º dias após a alta, por telefone. O monitoramento do AME demonstrou mediana de 113 dias e que 34,1% das mães aleitaram exclusivamente por 180 dias. Houve correlação estatisticamente significativa entre o tempo de AME e dificuldades na amamentação. Não houve correlação entre o tempo de AME e as variáveis: estado civil, idade materna, peso do recém-nascido e orientações recebidas. Houve diferença significativamente maior de desmame aos 60 dias nas mulheres que tiveram dificuldade na pré-alta. O estudo demonstrou a influência positiva da IHAC na adesão das mães ao AME.

  2. Minimal alteration in the ratio of circulatory fetal DNA to fetal corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA level in preeclampsia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhong, Xiao Yan; Holzgreve, Wolfgang; Gebhardt, Stefan; Hillermann, Renate; Tofa, Kashefa Carelse; Gupta, Anurag Kumar; Huppertz, Berthold; Hahn, Sinuhe

    2006-01-01

    We have recently observed that fetal DNA and fetal corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA are associated with in vitro generated syncytiotrophoblast-derived microparticles, and that the ratio of fetal DNA to mRNA (CRH) varied according to whether the particles were derived by predominantly apoptotic, apo-necrotic or necrotic pathways. Hence, we examined whether these ratios varied in maternal plasma samples taken from normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancies in vivo. Maternal plasma samples were collected from 18 cases with preeclampsia and 29 normotensive term controls. Circulatory fetal CRH mRNA and DNA levels were quantified by real-time PCR and RT-PCR. Circulatory fetal mRNA and fetal DNA levels were significantly elevated in the preeclampsia study group when compared to normotensive controls. Alterations in the fetal mRNA to DNA ratio between the study and control groups were minimal, even when stratified into early (34 weeks of gestation) onset preeclampsia. Our data suggest that although circulatory fetal DNA and mRNA levels are significantly elevated in preeclampsia, the ratios in maternal plasma are not dramatically altered. Copyright 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  3. Prenatal sonographic measurement of the fetal thyroid gland

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ahn, Young Cheol; Kim, Young Hwa; Cho, Won Soo; Bae, Won Kyung; Kim, Il Young [Chunan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Chunan (Korea, Republic of)

    2001-03-15

    To investigate whether the fetal thyroid gland could be examined by prenatal ultrasonography and to established the normal range of fetal thyroid width according to the gestational age. The width of the fetal thyroid was determined by prenatal ultrasonography from 118 pregnant women. Three of the mothers had current or previous thyroid disease and the widths of the fetal thyroid were determined from 115 normal subjects. The width of the fetal thyroid was defined by a maximum transverse distance of the thyroid gland between two carotid arteries on transverse scan of the fetal neck. We analyzed the cause of non-measurable cases. The width of the fetal thyroid and Neo-TSH were compared in 19 subjects, including 3 subjects will current or previous thyroid disease. We could measure the fetal thyroid widths in 95 cases (80%). The fetal thyroid widths of mothers without current or previous thyroid disease was 0.9-2.36 cm,which showed linear correlation with gestational age (Y=0.0506 X + 0.0439, r{sup 2}=0.5661). Causes of non-measurable cases were neck flexion (65%), prone position (22%), and overlapped fetal neck by arm or shoulder (13%). Of the 19 neonates with Neo-TSH level, one case had a mother with a thyroid disease and showed increased width of the fetal and high Neo-TSH. The fetal thyroid was measured in 80% of prenatal ultrasonography and the width of the fetal thyroid showed linear correlated with gestational age. We assumed that the width of the thyroid could be useful for diagnosing fetal thyroid disorder when maternal thyroid disease exists.

  4. Prenatal sonographic measurement of the fetal thyroid gland

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ahn, Young Cheol; Kim, Young Hwa; Cho, Won Soo; Bae, Won Kyung; Kim, Il Young

    2001-01-01

    To investigate whether the fetal thyroid gland could be examined by prenatal ultrasonography and to established the normal range of fetal thyroid width according to the gestational age. The width of the fetal thyroid was determined by prenatal ultrasonography from 118 pregnant women. Three of the mothers had current or previous thyroid disease and the widths of the fetal thyroid were determined from 115 normal subjects. The width of the fetal thyroid was defined by a maximum transverse distance of the thyroid gland between two carotid arteries on transverse scan of the fetal neck. We analyzed the cause of non-measurable cases. The width of the fetal thyroid and Neo-TSH were compared in 19 subjects, including 3 subjects will current or previous thyroid disease. We could measure the fetal thyroid widths in 95 cases (80%). The fetal thyroid widths of mothers without current or previous thyroid disease was 0.9-2.36 cm,which showed linear correlation with gestational age (Y=0.0506 X + 0.0439, r 2 =0.5661). Causes of non-measurable cases were neck flexion (65%), prone position (22%), and overlapped fetal neck by arm or shoulder (13%). Of the 19 neonates with Neo-TSH level, one case had a mother with a thyroid disease and showed increased width of the fetal and high Neo-TSH. The fetal thyroid was measured in 80% of prenatal ultrasonography and the width of the fetal thyroid showed linear correlated with gestational age. We assumed that the width of the thyroid could be useful for diagnosing fetal thyroid disorder when maternal thyroid disease exists.

  5. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging and human genetics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hengstschlaeger, Markus

    2006-01-01

    The use of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in addition to prenatal genetic testing and sonography, has the potential to improve prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders. MRI plays an important role in the evaluation of fetal abnormalities and malformations. Fetal MRI often enables a differential diagnosis, a determination of the extent of the disorder, the prognosis, and an improvement in therapeutic management. For counseling of parents, as well as to basically understand how genetic aberrations affect fetal development, it is of great importance to correlate different genotypes with fetal MRI data

  6. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging and human genetics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hengstschlaeger, Markus [Medical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna (Austria)]. E-mail: markus.hengstschlaeger@meduniwien.ac.at

    2006-02-15

    The use of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in addition to prenatal genetic testing and sonography, has the potential to improve prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders. MRI plays an important role in the evaluation of fetal abnormalities and malformations. Fetal MRI often enables a differential diagnosis, a determination of the extent of the disorder, the prognosis, and an improvement in therapeutic management. For counseling of parents, as well as to basically understand how genetic aberrations affect fetal development, it is of great importance to correlate different genotypes with fetal MRI data.

  7. Estado nutricional pregestacional y ganancia de peso materno durante la gestación y su relación con el peso del recién nacido

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flor de María Grados Valderrama

    2003-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar la relación existente entre la ganancia de peso materno durante la gestación con el peso del recién nacido para los diferentes estados nutricionales pregestacionales maternos según el IMC. Material y métodos: Se diseñó un estudio retrospectivo longitudinal descriptivo. Se seleccionaron 1016 mujeres cuyos partos fueron atendidos en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia entre Enero 1995 a Septiembre 2000 según los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. La población se estratificó en cuatro categorías de acuerdo al IMC pregestacional (Adelgazada: 29. Se realizó un análisis de regresión múltiple que incluyó IMC pregestacional, ganancia ponderal materna, edad materna, número controles prenatales y paridad como variables independientes y peso al nacer como dependiente. Luego, se realizó un análisis de regresión múltiple para cada grupo de IMC pregestacional. Resultados: Se encontró que el IMC pregestacional y la ganancia de peso durante la gestación influyen significantemente en el peso del recién nacido. Para las mujeres adelgazadas, IMC ideal y con sobrepeso; por cada Kg de ganancia ponderal materna durante la gestación el peso del recién nacido se incrementa en 42.15, 34.17 y 21.47 g respectivamente. En el grupo de obesas no se encuentra esta relación. Conclusión: Existe una relación lineal directa entre las variables IMC pregestacional y ganancia de peso materno durante el embarazo con el peso del recién ya sea en forma individual o asociada, para las mujeres adelgazadas, con IMC ideal y con sobrepeso. ( Rev Med Hered 2003; 14:128-133 .

  8. MR imaging of the fetal brain

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Glenn, Orit A.

    2010-01-01

    Fetal MRI is clinically performed to evaluate the brain in cases where an abnormality is detected by prenatal sonography. These most commonly include ventriculomegaly, abnormalities of the corpus callosum, and abnormalities of the posterior fossa. Fetal MRI is also increasingly performed to evaluate fetuses who have normal brain findings on prenatal sonogram but who are at increased risk for neurodevelopmental abnormalities, such as complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies. This paper will briefly discuss the common clinical conditions imaged by fetal MRI as well as recent advances in fetal MRI research. (orig.)

  9. MR imaging of the fetal brain

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Glenn, Orit A. [University of California, San Francisco, Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, San Francisco, CA (United States)

    2010-01-15

    Fetal MRI is clinically performed to evaluate the brain in cases where an abnormality is detected by prenatal sonography. These most commonly include ventriculomegaly, abnormalities of the corpus callosum, and abnormalities of the posterior fossa. Fetal MRI is also increasingly performed to evaluate fetuses who have normal brain findings on prenatal sonogram but who are at increased risk for neurodevelopmental abnormalities, such as complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies. This paper will briefly discuss the common clinical conditions imaged by fetal MRI as well as recent advances in fetal MRI research. (orig.)

  10. Fetal body movement monitoring.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rayburn, W F

    1990-03-01

    Recording fetal activity serves as an indirect measure of central nervous system integrity and function. The coordination of whole body movement, which requires complex neurologic control, is likely similar to that of the newborn infant. Short-term observations of the fetus are best performed using real-time ultrasound imaging. Monitoring fetal motion has been shown to be clinically worthwhile in predicting impending death or compromise, especially when placental insufficiency is longstanding. The presence of a vigorous fetus is reassuring. Perceived inactivity requires a reassessment of any underlying antepartum complication and a more precise evaluation by fetal heart rate testing or real-time ultrasonography before delivery is contemplated.

  11. Controversias actuales para definir las alteraciones del bienestar fetal Current controversies to define changes in the fetal wellbeing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Danilo Nápoles Méndez

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available Como propuesta de diferentes sociedades científicas se estableció el término estado fetal no tranquilizador en sustitución de sufrimiento fetal, que era considerado inespecífico. Esta revisión bibliográfica se efectuó a fin de exponer a la comunidad médica los diferentes términos con que se definen las alteraciones del bienestar fetal y la influencia que el empleo de las expresiones estado fetal no tranquilizador y riesgo de pérdida del bienestar fetal generan en la práctica de Obstetricia. Asimismo, se puso énfasis en la necesidad de buscar un lenguaje técnico más unificado y se concluyó que la formación de estos términos no determina la correspondencia existente entre la evaluación prenatal del feto y su estado al nacer.As a proposal of different scientific societies the term non reassuring fetal status was coined, substituting it by fetal distress which was considered nonspecific. This literature review was carried out in order to show to the medical community the different terms with which the changes of the fetal wellbeing are defined and the influence that the use of the expressions non reassuring fetal status and the risk of loss of the fetal well-being generate in Obstetrics. Likewise, the necessity of looking for a more unified technical language was emphasized and it was concluded that these terms do not determine the existent correspondence between the prenatal evaluation of the fetus and its status at birth.

  12. Doppler changes as the earliest parameter in fetal surveillance to detect fetal compromise in intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bansal Saloni

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Introduction. It is estimated that 3-10% of infants are growth restricted. Growth disturbances may have long-term issues. Doppler allows insight into the fetal response to intrauterine stress. Objective. The aim of this study was to detect fetal compromise in intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR fetuses by means of biophysical profile (BPP vis-а-vis Doppler velocimetry studies of the fetal umbilical artery, and to find out which of the two is a better and earlier predictor of fetal compromise. Methods. A prospective study was conducted on a total of 50 singleton pregnancies with IUGR between 28 and 42 weeks of gestation. Study patients were managed expectantly with nonstress testing and amniotic fluid assessment, BPP and Doppler velocimetry studies of the fetal umbilical artery. Results. Fetal outcome was poor in 5/50 (10% of the fetuses, defined as presence of all of the following: poor Apgar test score, neonatal intensive care unit stay, necrotizing enterocolitis, and low birth weight. Of the four with abnormal BPP, 50% had poor fetal outcomes. Out of 46 with normal BPP, 6.5% had poor fetal outcomes. Conclusion. Inference drawn from the study is that the Doppler technology provides us the opportunity for repetitive noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring in IUGR pregnancies.

  13. Fetal stimulation by pulsed diagnostic ultrasound.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fatemi, M; Ogburn, P L; Greenleaf, J F

    2001-08-01

    To show that pulsed ultrasound from a clinical ultrasonic imaging system can stimulate the fetus. Stimulation is defined mainly as increased fetal gross body movements in response to excitation. Fetuses of a group of 9 volunteer women (mean gestational age, 33.37 weeks; range, 25-40 weeks) were evaluated for body movement under 3 different conditions: (1) control, with no ultrasound exposure; (2) ultrasound in continuous wave Doppler mode; and (3) pulsed ultrasound in pulsed Doppler and B modes. A conventional external fetal monitor, with negligible ultrasonic output, was used to monitor fetal gross body motions. After an initial rest period of 3 minutes with 1 or no fetal motion, fetuses were monitored for an additional 3 minutes under the exposure criterion defined for each condition. Resulting fetal motions under the 3 conditions were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The test showed that fetuses moved significantly more frequently under condition 3 (mean +/- SD, 3.43 +/- 1.93 movements per minute) than under condition 1 (0.40 +/- 7.33 movements per minute) or condition 2 (0.63 +/- 7.67 movements per minute); P = .004 and .016, respectively. Fetal movements under conditions 1 and 2 did not differ significantly. Diagnostic ultrasound may stimulate fetal body motion.

  14. MRI of fetal acquired brain lesions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Prayer, Daniela; Brugger, Peter C.; Kasprian, Gregor; Witzani, Linde; Helmer, Hanns; Dietrich, Wolfgang; Eppel, Wolfgang; Langer, Martin

    2006-01-01

    Acquired fetal brain damage is suspected in cases of destruction of previously normally formed tissue, the primary cause of which is hypoxia. Fetal brain damage may occur as a consequence of acute or chronic maternal diseases, with acute diseases causing impairment of oxygen delivery to the fetal brain, and chronic diseases interfering with normal, placental development. Infections, metabolic diseases, feto-fetal transfusion syndrome, toxic agents, mechanical traumatic events, iatrogenic accidents, and space-occupying lesions may also qualify as pathologic conditions that initiate intrauterine brain damage. MR manifestations of acute fetal brain injury (such as hemorrhage or acute ischemic lesions) can easily be recognized, as they are hardly different from postnatal lesions. The availability of diffusion-weighted sequences enhances the sensitivity in recognizing acute ischemic lesions. Recent hemorrhages are usually readily depicted on T2 (*) sequences, where they display hypointense signals. Chronic fetal brain injury may be characterized by nonspecific changes that must be attributable to the presence of an acquired cerebral pathology. The workup in suspected acquired fetal brain injury also includes the assessment of extra-CNS organs that may be affected by an underlying pathology. Finally, the placenta, as the organ that mediates oxygen delivery from the maternal circulation to the fetus, must be examined on MR images

  15. MRI of fetal acquired brain lesions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Prayer, Daniela [Department of Radiodiagnostics, Medical University of Vienna (Austria)]. E-mail: daniela.prayer@meduniwien.ac.at; Brugger, Peter C. [Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna (Austria); Kasprian, Gregor [Department of Radiodiagnostics, Medical University of Vienna (Austria); Witzani, Linde [Department of Radiodiagnostics, Medical University of Vienna (Austria); Helmer, Hanns [Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna (Austria); Dietrich, Wolfgang [Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna (Austria); Eppel, Wolfgang [Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna (Austria); Langer, Martin [Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna (Austria)

    2006-02-15

    Acquired fetal brain damage is suspected in cases of destruction of previously normally formed tissue, the primary cause of which is hypoxia. Fetal brain damage may occur as a consequence of acute or chronic maternal diseases, with acute diseases causing impairment of oxygen delivery to the fetal brain, and chronic diseases interfering with normal, placental development. Infections, metabolic diseases, feto-fetal transfusion syndrome, toxic agents, mechanical traumatic events, iatrogenic accidents, and space-occupying lesions may also qualify as pathologic conditions that initiate intrauterine brain damage. MR manifestations of acute fetal brain injury (such as hemorrhage or acute ischemic lesions) can easily be recognized, as they are hardly different from postnatal lesions. The availability of diffusion-weighted sequences enhances the sensitivity in recognizing acute ischemic lesions. Recent hemorrhages are usually readily depicted on T2 (*) sequences, where they display hypointense signals. Chronic fetal brain injury may be characterized by nonspecific changes that must be attributable to the presence of an acquired cerebral pathology. The workup in suspected acquired fetal brain injury also includes the assessment of extra-CNS organs that may be affected by an underlying pathology. Finally, the placenta, as the organ that mediates oxygen delivery from the maternal circulation to the fetus, must be examined on MR images.

  16. Placental adaptations to the maternal-fetal environment: implications for fetal growth and developmental programming.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sandovici, Ionel; Hoelle, Katharina; Angiolini, Emily; Constância, Miguel

    2012-07-01

    The placenta is a transient organ found in eutherian mammals that evolved primarily to provide nutrients for the developing fetus. The placenta exchanges a wide array of nutrients, endocrine signals, cytokines and growth factors with the mother and the fetus, thereby regulating intrauterine development. Recent studies show that the placenta is not just a passive organ mediating maternal-fetal exchange. It can adapt its capacity to supply nutrients in response to intrinsic and extrinsic variations in the maternal-fetal environment. These dynamic adaptations are thought to occur to maximize fetal growth and viability at birth in the prevailing conditions in utero. However, some of these adaptations may also affect the development of individual fetal tissues, with patho-physiological consequences long after birth. Here, this review summarizes current knowledge on the causes, possible mechanisms and consequences of placental adaptive responses, with a focus on the regulation of transporter-mediated processes for nutrients. This review also highlights the emerging roles that imprinted genes and epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation may play in placental adaptations to the maternal-fetal environment. Copyright © 2012 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Resultados maternos e perinatais em gestantes portadoras de leucemia Maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with leukemia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roseli Mieko Yamamoto Nomura

    2011-08-01

    grupo de gestantes com LMC, verificou-se a ocorrência de anemia em quatro casos (44,4% e plaquetopenia em um (11,1%. Quanto aos resultados perinatais, nas gestações complicadas pela leucemia aguda, a média da idade gestacional no parto foi de 32 semanas (desvio padrão - DP=4,4 e a média do peso do recém-nascido foi 1476 g (DP=657 g. Houve 2 (40,0% óbitos perinatais (um fetal e um neonatal. Nas gestações complicadas pela LMC, a média da idade gestacional no parto foi de 37,6 semanas (DP=1,1 e a média do peso do recém-nascido foi 2870 g (DP=516 g; não houve morte perinatal e nenhuma anomalia fetal foi detectada. CONCLUSÕES: É elevada a morbidade materna e fetal nas gestações complicadas pela leucemia aguda; enquanto que, nas complicadas pela LMC, o prognóstico materno e fetal parece ser mais favorável, com maior facilidade no manejo das complicações.PURPOSE: To describe the maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women diagnosed with leukemia who were followed up for prenatal care and delivery at a university hospital. METHODS: A retrospective study of the period from 2001 to 2011, which included 16 pregnant women with a diagnosis of leukemia followed by antenatal care specialists in hematological diseases and pregnancy. For acute leukemia diagnosed after the first trimester, the recommendation was to perform chemotherapy despite the current pregnancy. For chronic leukemia, patients who were controlled in hematological terms were maintained without medication during pregnancy, or chemotherapy was introduced after the first trimester. We analyzed the maternal and perinatal outcome. RESULTS: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL was diagnosed in five cases (31.3%, acute myeloid leukemia (AML in two cases (12.5% and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML in nine cases (56.3%. Of the cases of acute leukemia, two (28.6% were diagnosed in the first trimester, two (28.6% in the second and three (42.9% in the third. Two patients with ALL diagnosed in the first

  18. Premessa del progetto esecutivo del piano pilota per la conservazione dei beni culturali in Umbria / Introduction to the executive project of the Pilot plan for the “programmed conservation” of cultural heritage in Umbria Region

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giovanni Urbani

    2011-11-01

    Il primo testo prescelto, che appare ancora oggi sostanzialmente attuale e predittivo rispetto ai problemi contemporanei della gestione dei beni culturali, è lapremessa al progetto esecutivo del piano pilota per la conservazione dei beni culturali della regione Umbria, elaborato da Giovanni Urbani nel 1975.

  19. Fetal anatomy revealed with fast MR sequences.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Levine, D; Hatabu, H; Gaa, J; Atkinson, M W; Edelman, R R

    1996-10-01

    Although all the imaging studies in this pictorial essay were done for maternal rather than fetal indications, fetal anatomy was well visualized. However, when scans are undertaken for fetal indications, fetal motion in between scout views and imaging sequences may make specific image planes difficult to obtain. Of the different techniques described in this review, we preferred the HASTE technique and use it almost exclusively for scanning pregnant patients. The T2-weighting is ideal for delineating fetal organs. Also, the HASTE technique allows images to be obtained in 430 msec, limiting artifacts arising from maternal and fetal motion. MR imaging should play a more important role in evaluating equivocal sonographic cases as fast scanning techniques are more widely used. Obstetric MR imaging no longer will be limited by fetal motion artifacts. When complex anatomy requires definition in a complicated pregnant patient, MR imaging should be considered as a useful adjunct to sonography.

  20. Fetal Primary Cardiac Tumors During Perinatal Period

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shi-Min Yuan

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Fetal primary cardiac tumors are rare, but they may cause complications, which are sometimes life threatening, including arrhythmias, hydrops fetalis, ventricular outflow/inflow obstruction, cardiac failure, and even sudden death. Among fetal primary cardiac tumors, rhabdomyomas are most common, followed by teratomas, fibromas, hemangiomas, and myxomas. Everolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, has been reported to be an effective drug to cause tumor remission in three neonates with multiple cardiac rhabdomyomas. Neonatal cardiac surgery for the resection of primary cardiac tumors found by fetal echocardiography has been reported sporadically. However, open fetal surgery for pericardial teratoma resection, which was performed successfully via a fetal median sternotomy in one case report, could be a promising intervention to rescue these patients with large pericardial effusions. These recent achievements undoubtedly encourage further development in early management of fetal cardiac tumors. Owing to the rarity of fetal primary cardiac tumors, relevant information in terms of prenatal diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis remains to be clarified.

  1. L'area faunistica del camoscio appenninico (Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata di Lama dei Peligni. Evoluzione del nucleo e problemi gestionali

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L. Gentile

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available L'Area Faunistica del Camoscio appenninico di Lama dei Peligni (CH nel Parco Nazionale della Majella è stata istituita nel 1990 con lo scopo principale di fungere da serbatoio di animali da utilizzare per operazioni di rinforzo della popolazione di Camosci in natura. Inoltre è stata ed è un notevole strumento per sensibilizzare la popolazione ed il pubblico alla conservazione della specie nonché una forte attrazione turistica per l'intera Valle dell'Aventino nel Parco Nazionale della Majella. L'Area Faunistica è ubicata nei pressi del centro abitato di Lama dei Peligni (CH sul versante Orientale della Majella ad un'altitudine che va dai 750 agli 850 m s.l.m. ed ha un'astensione complessiva di 4,2 ettari. Nel corso degli anni è stato necessario suddividere il recinto in 4 subrecinti per poter disporre di spazi separati utili per la gestione sanitaria del nucleo di animali ospitati. Inizialmente la responsabilità tecnica amministrativa è stata curata dal Parco Nazionale d'Abruzzo in collaborazione con il WWF Italia, successivamente è stata curata dalla Riserva Regionale "Majella Orientale" per passare dal 2000 all'Ente Parco Nazionale della Majella. L'area faunistica di Lama dei Peligni è stata attivata con l'immissione di un maschio prelevato in natura dalla popolazione della Val di Rose nel Parco Nazionale d'Abruzzo, Lazio e Molise e 5 femmine provenienti dal'Area Faunistica di Bisegna nel medesimo Parco. Nel periodo dal 1990 al 2002 sono nati 37 camosci e ne sono deceduti 20. Inoltre si sono verificati 14 rientri di animali provenienti dalla popolazione in natura e dall'Area Faunistica sono stati reimmessi 25 capi sul massiccio della Majella. L'Area di Lama dei Peligni ha consentito l'attivazione di un'ulteriore Area Faunistica nel Parco Nazionale del Gran Sasso Monti della Laga fornendo 1 femmina. Lo scopo principale del presente lavoro è di analizzare criticamente i dati raccolti in un database e di individuare un protocollo di

  2. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging: indications, technique, anatomical considerations and a review of fetal abnormalities

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ertl-Wagner, Birgit [Department of Radiology, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich (Germany); Present address: Institute of Clinical Radiology, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich (Germany); Lienemann, Andreas; Reiser, Maximilian F. [Department of Radiology, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich (Germany); Strauss, Alexander [Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich (Germany)

    2002-08-01

    Fetal MR imaging often poses a diagnostic challenge for the radiologist. Both fetal anatomy and pathology differ decidedly from pediatric and adult MR imaging. While ultrasound remains the method of choice for screening examinations of the fetus, MR imaging is playing an increasingly important role in the detection and classification of malformations not diagnosable by ultrasonography alone. Recently, advances in fast single-shot MR sequences have allowed high-resolution, high-quality imaging of the moving fetus. Preferable sequences to be applied are a true fast imaging steady precession (true-FISP) or a half-Fourier acquired single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) sequence. Premedication is generally no longer required. In all fetal MR imaging, every aspect of fetal anatomy has to be scrutinized. Subsequently, any abnormalities need to be described and classified. A close collaboration with the referring obstetrician is of paramount importance. (orig.)

  3. IL SAPERE …..E’ Libere dissertazioni sul trasversale gioco dei saperi nella promozione sociale e culturale del ben vivere urbano.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario Coletta

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Il Sapere filosofico, sin dal suo primo manifestarsi, detta ordine spaziale ed organizzativo alla vita della città, facendo scuola di pensiero e di azione, di razionalizzazione degli spazi, di organizzazione delle attività, di progettazione e di amministrazione gestionale, conferendo equilibri agli assetti insediativi, mediando esigenze, aspirazioni, necessità ed interessi dei singoli, con il tessere normativo dei reciproci gradi di libertà, dando forza all’insieme senza indebolire le parti che concorrono a determinarlo. L’urbanistica si configura come la figlia primogenita della Filosofia ( etimologicamente intesa come “amore della sapienza”, che ha scelto la città come luogo di sua privilegiata residenza dalla quale si dipartono e nella quale  è giusto che convergano le molteplici irradiazioni disciplinari dell’umano sapere il cui “gioco” non abbia a convertirsi in “giogo”.

  4. Gestione e manutenzione dell’illuminazione pubblica e dei centri luminosi: l’esperienza del Comune di Verona

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Redazione Redazione

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available Nella Gestione dei servizi da parte della Pubblica Amministrazione riveste una particolare importanza quellodell'illuminazione pubblica generalmente collegato alle forniture dell'energia elettrica. Tali servizi sono spesso gestiti da società municipalizate che nelle grandi città sono state privatizzate o si appoggiano a società private in grado di gestire convenientemente e con i mezzi opportuni gli obblighi nei confronti degli utenti. Di fondamentale importanza sono gli strumenti GIS in grado di poter gestire geograficamente gli interventi manutentivi e il monitoraggio costante della situazione al fine di evitare i disservizi più disparati dovuti sia al degrado che al consumo o ai fenomeni meteorologici.Di rilevamte importanza la gestione della manutenzione programmata per il suo benficio sia in termini qualitativiche economici. E' noto, ad esempio, che un intervento di riverniciatura a cadenza prestabilita ha dei costi inferiori allasostituzione integrale per degrado. In questi termini viene affrontato dall'Amministrazione di Verona la gestione della pubblica illuminazione.

  5. Lactancia materna asociada a crecimiento mandibular en niños de 3 años de edad. Instituto Especializado Materno Perinatal

    OpenAIRE

    Munayco Magallanes, Américo; Piedra Ríos, Rosa; Cortez Marino, María

    2005-01-01

    La lactancia materna es el alimento ideal para el niño durante los primeros meses de vida, aporta beneficios inmunológicos, nutritivos, afectivos y psicológicos, son muy poco conocidos los beneficios en el sistema estomatognático. Este estudio de casos y controles, tiene como propósito determinar si la lactancia materna favorece el crecimiento mandibular. El estudio se realizó en el Instituto Especializado Materno Perinatal Lima, Perú. Este es un centro de referencia para pa...

  6. Perspectives of fetal dystocia in cattle and buffalo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Govind Narayan Purohit

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available We review the causes of fetal dystocia in cows and buffalo. Two fetal causes are distinct fetal oversize and fetal abnormalities. Fetal oversize is common in heifers, cows of beef cattle breeds, prolonged gestations, increased calf birth weight, male calves and perinatal fetal death with resultant emphysema. Fetal abnormalities include monsters, fetal diseases and fetal maldispositions, and it is difficult to deliver such fetuses because of their altered shape. Although monsters are rare in cattle, a large number of monstrosities have been reported in river buffalo; yet also here, overall incidence is low. Diseases of the fetus resulting in dystocia include hydrocephalus, ascites, anasarca and hydrothorax. The most common cause of dystocia in cattle seems to be fetal maldispositions, of which limb flexion and head deviation appear to be the most frequent. We provide a brief description of the management of dystocia from different causes in cattle and buffalo. A case analysis of 192 and 112 dystocia in cattle and buffalo, respectively, at our referral center revealed that dystocia is significantly higher (P<0.05 in first and second parity cows and buffalo, and that dystocia of fetal origin is common in cows (65.62% but less frequent (40.17% in buffalo. In buffalo, the single biggest cause of dystocia was uterine torsion (53.57%. Fetal survival was significantly (P<0.05 higher both in cows and buffalo when delivery was completed within 12 h of second stage of labor.

  7. Prognostic Significance of Preterm Isolated Decreased Fetal Movement

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    Ertuğrul Karahanoğlu

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Objective: Our aim is to evaluate the prognostic significance of isolated, preterm decreased fetal movement following normal initial full diagnostic workup. Study design: A retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary centre. The applied protocol was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Department of the hospital where the research was conducted. Obstetrics outcomes of preterm- and term-decreased fetal movement were compared following an initial, normal diagnostic work up. Evaluated outcomes were birth weight, mode of delivery, stillbirth rate, induction of labour, development of gestational hypertension, small for gestational age and oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios during the follow up period. Result: Obstetric complications related to placental insufficiency develops more frequently for decreased fetal movement in preterm cases with respect to that of in term cases. Following the diagnosis of decreased fetal movement, pregnancy hypertension occurred in 17% of preterm decreased fetal movement cases and in 4.7% of term decreased fetal movement cases. Fetal growth restriction developed in 6.6% of preterm decreased fetal movement and in 2.3% of term decreased fetal movement. Amniotic fluid abnormalities more frequently developed in preterm decreased fetal movement. Conclusion: Following an initial normal diagnostic workup, preterm decreased fetal movement convey a higher risk for the development of pregnancy complications associated with placental insufficiency. The patient should be monitored closely and management protocols must be developed for initial normal diagnostic workups in cases of preterm decreased fetal movement.

  8. Medio ambiente fetal Fetal environment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César Bernardo Ospina Arcila

    1996-04-01

    Full Text Available Con base en el artículo clásico "Monte Everest in utero" se hace un análisis de la situación que afronta el feto con respecto a la disponibilidad de oxígeno; para una mejor comprensión del sufrimiento fetal se revisan los siguientes conceptos: presión barométrica, presión parcial del oxígeno atmosférico, presión parcial del oxígeno inspirado, presión barométrica intranasal, ecuación del gas alveolar y difusión de gases a través de la membrana alvéolo capilar. Based on the classical paper by Eastman "Mount Everest in utero" an analysis is made of the situation faced by the fetus with respect to the availability of oxygen; for a better under. standing of fetal distress the following concepts are reviewed: barometric pressure, partial pressure of atmosferic oxygen, partial pressure of inspired oxygen, barometric intranasal pressure, alveolar gas equation and gas diffusion through alveolo-capilar membrane.

  9. The Use of Fetal Noninvasive Electrocardiography

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Igor Lakhno

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Preeclampsia (PE is one of the severe complications of pregnancy that leads to fetal deterioration. The aim was to survey the validity of fetal distress diagnostics in case of Doppler ultrasonic umbilical vein and arteries blood flow velocity investigation and ECG parameters analysis obtained from maternal abdominal signal before labor in preeclamptic patients. Fetal noninvasive ECG and umbilical arterial and venous Doppler investigation were performed in 120 patients at 34–40 weeks of gestation. And 30 of them had physiological gestation and were involved in Group I. In Group II 52 pregnant women with mild-moderate PE were observed. 38 patients with severe PE were monitored in Group III. The most considerable negative correlation was determined in pair Apgar score 1 versus T/QRS (R=-0.50; p<0.05. So the increased T/QRS ratio was the most evident marker of fetal distress. Fetal noninvasive ECG showed sensitivity of 96.6% and specificity of 98.4% and, therefore, was determined as more accurate method for fetal monitoring.

  10. Maternal feeding controls fetal biological clock.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hidenobu Ohta

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: It is widely accepted that circadian physiological rhythms of the fetus are affected by oscillators in the maternal brain that are coupled to the environmental light-dark (LD cycle. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To study the link between fetal and maternal biological clocks, we investigated the effects of cycles of maternal food availability on the rhythms of Per1 gene expression in the fetal suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN and liver using a transgenic rat model whose tissues express luciferase in vitro. Although the maternal SCN remained phase-locked to the LD cycle, maternal restricted feeding phase-advanced the fetal SCN and liver by 5 and 7 hours respectively within the 22-day pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results demonstrate that maternal feeding entrains the fetal SCN and liver independently of both the maternal SCN and the LD cycle. This indicates that maternal-feeding signals can be more influential for the fetal SCN and particular organ oscillators than hormonal signals controlled by the maternal SCN, suggesting the importance of a regular maternal feeding schedule for appropriate fetal molecular clockwork during pregnancy.

  11. The Danish Fetal Medicine Database

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ekelund CK

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Charlotte Kvist Ekelund,1 Tine Iskov Kopp,2 Ann Tabor,1 Olav Bjørn Petersen3 1Department of Obstetrics, Center of Fetal Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; 2Registry Support Centre (East – Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup, Denmark; 3Fetal Medicine Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Nord, Denmark Aim: The aim of this study is to set up a database in order to monitor the detection rates and false-positive rates of first-trimester screening for chromosomal abnormalities and prenatal detection rates of fetal malformations in Denmark. Study population: Pregnant women with a first or second trimester ultrasound scan performed at all public hospitals in Denmark are registered in the database. Main variables/descriptive data: Data on maternal characteristics, ultrasonic, and biochemical variables are continuously sent from the fetal medicine units' Astraia databases to the central database via web service. Information about outcome of pregnancy (miscarriage, termination, live birth, or stillbirth is received from the National Patient Register and National Birth Register and linked via the Danish unique personal registration number. Furthermore, results of all pre- and postnatal chromosome analyses are sent to the database. Conclusion: It has been possible to establish a fetal medicine database, which monitors first-trimester screening for chromosomal abnormalities and second-trimester screening for major fetal malformations with the input from already collected data. The database is valuable to assess the performance at a regional level and to compare Danish performance with international results at a national level. Keywords: prenatal screening, nuchal translucency, fetal malformations, chromosomal abnormalities

  12. Fetal responses to induced maternal relaxation during pregnancy

    OpenAIRE

    DiPietro, Janet A.; Costigan, Kathleen A.; Nelson, Priscilla; Gurewitsch, Edith D.; Laudenslager, Mark L.

    2007-01-01

    Fetal responses to induced maternal relaxation during the 32nd week of pregnancy were recorded in 100 maternal-fetal pairs using a digitized data collection system. The 18-minute guided imagery relaxation manipulation generated significant changes in maternal heart rate, skin conductance, respiration period, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Significant alterations in fetal neurobehavior were observed, including decreased fetal heart rate (FHR), increased FHR variability, suppression of fetal...

  13. Ultrasonographic determination of fetal gender

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Il Young; Kim, Dae Ho; Lee, Byung Ho; Bae, Dong Han

    1985-01-01

    Sonographic determination of fetal gender was attempted prospectively in most pregnancies of more than 26 weeks. We studied 193 cases of pregnancies with ultrasound for recent 9 months from June 1984 to February 1985 at department of radiology, Soonchunhyang university, Soonchunhyang Chunan hospital, and analysed ultrasonographic finding of fetal gender. The results were as follows; 1. Overall accuracy rate for fetal gender is 90%. 2. Accuracy rate for male fetus is 97.8%. 3. Accuracy rate for female fetus is 88.2%

  14. Viabilidad Celular in Vitro de tejido renal neonatal postmortem: Sus aplicaciones futuras.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alvaro Dueñas L.

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available

    La importancia de los cultivos celulares humanos continúa expandiéndose, en especial en el campo de la bioingeniería de tejidos. Con el fin de establecer mejores criterios de selección en la obtención de tejido renal postmortem, se estudiaron 111 neonatos de < 3 días de edad, fallecidos en la sala de Cuidados Intensivos del Recién Nacido (CIRENA y 22 mortinatos de la sala de partos del Hospital Universitario del Valle (HUV en Cali, Colombia, entre enero 1 y diciembre 31 de 1995. Se consideraron los antecedentes maternos y fetales, en busca de variables que determinen una mejor viabilidad celular renal postmortem (VCRP. Además, se hizo un estudio del estado microbiológico de los neonatos postmortem y de los mortinatos mediante el examen de sangre y células para conocer la incidencia en estos de infecciones bacterianas y virales.

    De los 133 casos estudiados, 115 (86% fueron de bajo peso al nacer (BPN, vgr. 500 a 2,500 gramos y los 18 (14% restantes fueron de peso adecuado al nacer (PAN >2,500 gramos. De 13 clases de diagnóstico registrados como antecedentes maternos, los seis más frecuentes fueron: ruptura prematura de membranas (RPM – 20%, PRE-eclampsia/eclampsia (PE – 13%, corioamnionitis (CA – 11%, infección urinaria (IU – 11%, placenta previa (PP – 9% y vaginitis (V – 8%. De los ocho diagnósticos registrados en los neonatos, los dos más frecuentes fueron el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria (SDR y la enfermedad de membrana hialina (ME -73%.

    Se pudo observar que la VCRP total fue de 65%, siendo mayor en los casos con BPN (69% que en los de PAN (39%. Independientemente de los antecedentes maternos se observó una VCRP de 70% y 77% en los casos con diagnóstico de SDR y EMH, respectivamente. Por otra parte, se obtuvo la mayor VCRP en los casos con diagnóstico materno de PP (83%. Aunque por el bajo número de casos expuestos en el presente estudio estas diferencias no demostraron significancia estad

  15. Ultrasonic prediction of fetal mass

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    1983-02-19

    Feb 19, 1983 ... Summary. A clinically accurate method for estimating fetal. mass from fetal body parameters is reviewed. The abdominal circumference is first calculated from ... reliable clinical parameter is the impression of uterine volume,.

  16. Fetal microchimeric cells in autoimmune thyroid diseases

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lepez, Trees; Vandewoestyne, Mado; Deforce, Dieter

    2013-01-01

    Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) show a female predominance, with an increased incidence in the years following parturition. Fetal microchimerism has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of AITD. However, only the presence of fetal microchimeric cells in blood and in the thyroid gland of these patients has been proven, but not an actual active role in AITD. Is fetal microchimerism harmful for the thyroid gland by initiating a Graft versus Host reaction (GvHR) or being the target of a Host versus Graft reaction (HvGR)? Is fetal microchimerism beneficial for the thyroid gland by being a part of tissue repair or are fetal cells just innocent bystanders in the process of autoimmunity? This review explores every hypothesis concerning the role of fetal microchimerism in AITD. PMID:23723083

  17. Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b fetal infection with extensive hemorrhages

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) subtype 1b was isolated from tissues of a term bovine fetus with hemorrhages in multiple tissues. At autopsy, multiple petechial hemorrhages were observed at gross examination throughout the body and placenta. Lung, kidney, thymus, and liver fresh tissues were exam...

  18. ALEITAMENTO MATERNO E AS CRENÇAS ALIMENTARES LACTANCIA MATERNA Y LAS CREENCIAS ALIMENTARIAS BREASTFEEDING AND NUTRITIONAL BELIEFS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sueli Mutsumi Tsukuda Ichisato

    2001-09-01

    Full Text Available A hipogalactia tem levado ao desmame precoce. As crenças e os tabus influenciam a alimentação materna durante a lactação. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar lactogogos regionais utilizados como suporte do aleitamento materno (AM, pautados nos tabus e crenças. Trata-se de um estudo de caso utilizando a análise de prosa(12. Alimentar-se ou não de certos alimentos, ter vivenciado a amamentação, as crenças transmitidas por familiares e médicos, crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança foram os fatores que estimularam o AM na nossa pesquisaLa hipogalactacemia ha sido uno de las razones que han llevado a las madres al destete precoz. Las creencias y los tabúes influyen en la alimentación materna durante la lactancia. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar lactogogos regionales utilizados como soporte del alimento materno (AM, basados en los tabues y las creencias. Se trata de un estudio de caso utilizando el análisis de prosa(12. Alimentarse o no de ciertos alimentos, haber vivido la lactancia, las creencias transmitidas por familiares y médicos, crecimiento y desarrollo del niño fueron los factores que estimularon el AM en nuestra investigación.Hypogalactia has been one of the reasons that lead mothers to early weaning. Beliefs and taboos influence breastfeeding during lactation. This study aims at identifying regional lactagogues used as a support to breastfeeding based on taboos and beliefs. It is a case report which uses prose analysis(12. The findings show that feeding oneself with certain types of food or not, having experienced breastfeeding, beliefs transmitted by family members and physicians and the child's growth and development were factors which stimulated breastfeeding.

  19. The upper Tortonian-lower Messinian at Monte dei Corvi (Northern Apennines, Italy) : Completing a Mediterranean reference section for the Tortonian Stage

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Hüsing, S. K.; Kuiper, K. F.; Link, W.; Hilgen, Frederik J.; Krijgsman, W.

    2009-01-01

    A high-resolution integrated stratigraphy including biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, tephrostratigraphy and cyclostratigraphy is presented for the upper Tortonian and lower Messinian (Upper Miocene) at Monte dei Corvi. Numerical age control comes from a combination of magnetobiostratigrapic

  20. Fetal responses to induced maternal relaxation during pregnancy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    DiPietro, Janet A; Costigan, Kathleen A; Nelson, Priscilla; Gurewitsch, Edith D; Laudenslager, Mark L

    2008-01-01

    Fetal responses to induced maternal relaxation during the 32nd week of pregnancy were recorded in 100 maternal-fetal pairs using a digitized data collection system. The 18-min guided imagery relaxation manipulation generated significant changes in maternal heart rate, skin conductance, respiration period, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Significant alterations in fetal neurobehavior were observed, including decreased fetal heart rate (FHR), increased FHR variability, suppression of fetal motor activity (FM), and increased FM-FHR coupling. Attribution of the two fetal cardiac responses to the guided imagery procedure itself, as opposed to simple rest or recumbency, is tempered by the observed pattern of response. Evaluation of correspondence between changes within individual maternal-fetal pairs revealed significant associations between maternal autonomic measures and fetal cardiac patterns, lower umbilical and uterine artery resistance and increased FHR variability, and declining salivary cortisol and FM activity. Potential mechanisms that may mediate the observed results are discussed.

  1. Indications and technique of fetal magnetic resonance imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Asenbaum, U.; Woitek, R.; Furtner, J.; Prayer, D.; Brugger, P.C.

    2013-01-01

    Evaluation and confirmation of fetal pathologies previously suspected or diagnosed with ultrasound. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Technique for prenatal fetal examination. Fetal MRI is an established supplementary technique to prenatal ultrasound. Fetal MRI should only be used as an additional method in prenatal diagnostics and not for routine screening. Fetal MRI should only be performed in perinatal medicine centers after a previous level III ultrasound examination. (orig.) [de

  2. Quando la Generazione Erasmus incontra la Generazione Precaria. La mobilità transnazionale dei giovani italiani e spagnoli

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luca Raffini

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Uno dei più importanti risultati del processo di integrazione europea è la costruzione di uno spazio transnazionale in cui i cittadini europei possono muoversi liberamente. La mobilità favorisce dinamiche di europeizzazione dal basso –o di europeizzazione orizzontale–, e lo sviluppo di pratiche cross-nazionali e amplia le risorse individuali e relazionali a disposizione dei giovani per progettare i propri percorsi professionali e di vita. La Generazione Erasmus definisce giovani socializzati a un humus culturale transnazionale e fortemente identificati con l’Europa. Nell’attuale contesto di crisi economica, a sperimentare la mobilità sono sempre più i giovani altamente qualificati dei paesi dell’Europa del sud, quale strategia individuale cui ricorrere per trovare risposta ai problemi connessi alla precarietà, alla disoccupazione, alla sotto-qualificazione degli impieghi. Il risultato è che la mobilità può assumere il volto di un obbligo, più che di una scelta e, più che dinamiche di europeizzazione orizzontale, può favorire una “fuga dei cervelli” dai paesi del sud ai paesi del centro e del nord Europa. L’articolo, focalizzandosi sui giovani italiani e spagnoli, si chiede cosa succede quando la Generazione Erasmus incontra la Generazione Precaria, analizzando cause ed effetti della mobilità, sul piano micro e macro sociale e sul piano politico. | One of the main achievement of the European integration process is the making of a transnational space where European citizens can freely circulate. Mobility promotes a kind of bottom-up, or horizontal europeanization, and the spread of cross-national practices. It also contributes to a widening in the individual and relational resources available to youth to carry out their professional and personal life projects. The so called Erasmus Generation, defines young peoples socialized to a transnational cultural humus and highly identified with Europe. Indeed, in the current

  3. Influência do tipo de parto sobre a concentração de imunoglobulinas A, G e M no colostro materno Influence of type of delivery on A, G and M immunoglobulin concentration in maternal colostrum

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriel A. J. Striker

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar a influência do tipo de parto sobre a concentração das imunoglobulinas (Ig A, G e M no colostro materno. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionadas 82 puérperas com idade cronológica entre 21 e 41 anos, idade gestacional de 37 ou mais semanas, paridade até IV gesta, bom estado nutricional e sem patologias associadas durante a gestação e o puerpério. Foram também critérios de inclusão para os recém-nascidos: peso > 2.500 g, escore de Apgar > 7 no primeiro minuto e aleitamento materno exclusivo durante o período da internação. As puérperas foram divididas em três grupos: A - parto vaginal; B - cesárea precedida de trabalho de parto; e C - cesárea eletiva. O colostro foi colhido manualmente entre 48 e 72 horas pós-parto. IgA, IgG e IgM foram dosadas pela técnica de ELISA RESULTADOS: Não se observou diferença significativa entre os tempos de coleta do colostro nos três grupos maternos estudados. Quanto menor o tempo de coleta, maior foi a concentração de IgA no colostro materno; quanto menor a paridade, maior foi a concentração de IgA e IgM no colostro materno. O grupo de puérperas submetidas a cesárea precedida de trabalho de parto apresentou concentração mais elevada de IgA no colostro do que o grupo de puérperas que havia dado à luz por parto normal. A concentração de IgM e IgG no colostro materno não foi influenciada pelo tipo de parto. CONCLUSÃO: A ocorrência do trabalho de parto, somada ao estresse cirúrgico, induz a uma concentração mais elevada de IgA no colostro materno na puérpera submetida a cesárea precedida de trabalho de parto.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between type of delivery and immunoglobulin concentration in maternal colostrum. METHODS: We studied 82 women who were giving birth. Age was between 21 and 41 years, gestational age was 37 or more weeks and parity up to IV pregnancies. The women were in good nutritional condition and did not have any pregnancy or

  4. Fetal motion estimation from noninvasive cardiac signal recordings.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Biglari, Hadis; Sameni, Reza

    2016-11-01

    Fetal motility is a widely accepted indicator of the well-being of a fetus. In previous research, it has be shown that fetal motion (FM) is coherent with fetal heart rate accelerations and an indicator for active/rest cycles of the fetus. The most common approach for FM and fetal heart rate (FHR) assessment is by Doppler ultrasound (DUS). While DUS is the most common approach for studying the mechanical activities of the heart, noninvasive fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) and magnetocardiogram (MCG) recording and processing techniques have been considered as a possible competitor (or complement) for the DUS. In this study, a fully automatic and robust framework is proposed for the extraction, ranking and alignment of fetal QRS-complexes from noninvasive fetal ECG/MCG. Using notions from subspace tracking, two measures, namely the actogram and rotatogram, are defined for fetal motion tracking. The method is applied to four fetal ECG/MCG databases, including twin MCG recordings. By defining a novel measure of causality, it is shown that there is significant coherency and causal relationship between the actogram/rotatogram and FHR accelerations/decelerations. Using this measure, it is shown that in many cases, the actogram and rotatogram precede the FHR variations, which supports the idea of motion-induced FHR accelerations/decelerations for these cases and raises attention for the non-motion-induced FHR variations, which can be associated to the fetal central nervous system developments. The results of this study can lead to novel perspectives of the fetal sympathetic and parasympathetic brain systems and future requirements of fetal cardiac monitoring.

  5. The Danish fetal medicine database

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ekelund, Charlotte Kvist; Kopp, Tine Iskov; Tabor, Ann

    2016-01-01

    trimester ultrasound scan performed at all public hospitals in Denmark are registered in the database. Main variables/descriptive data: Data on maternal characteristics, ultrasonic, and biochemical variables are continuously sent from the fetal medicine units’Astraia databases to the central database via...... analyses are sent to the database. Conclusion: It has been possible to establish a fetal medicine database, which monitors first-trimester screening for chromosomal abnormalities and second-trimester screening for major fetal malformations with the input from already collected data. The database...

  6. MRI of the fetal abdomen

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hoermann, M.; Brugger, P.C.; Witzani, L.; Prayer, D.

    2006-01-01

    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important diagnostic component for central nervous system and thoracic diseases during fetal development. Although ultrasound remains the method of choice for observing the fetus during pregnancy, fetal MRI is being increasingly used as an additional technique for the accurate diagnosis of abdominal diseases. Recent publications confirm the value of MRI in the diagnosis of fetal gastrointestinal tract and urogenital system diseases. The following report provides an overview of MRI-examination techniques for the most frequent diseases of the abdomen. (orig.) [de

  7. Anatomy of the normal fetal heart: The basis for understanding fetal echocardiography

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz Picazo-Angelin

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available The rapid changes that have taken place in recent years in relation to techniques used to image the fetal heart have emphasized the need to have a detailed knowledge ofnormal cardiac anatomy. Without such knowledge, it is difficult, if not impossible, to recognize the multiple facets of congenital cardiac disease. From the inception of fetal echocardiographic screening, the importance of basic knowledge of cardiac anatomy has been well recognized. The current machines used for imaging, however, now make it possible potentially to recognize features not appreciated at the start of the specialty. So as to match the advances made in imaging, we have now revisited our understanding of normal cardiac anatomy in the mid-gestational fetus. This was made possible by our dissection of 10 fetal hearts, followed by production of addition histological sections that mimic the standard ultrasound views. The fetuses ranged in gestational age from between 20 and 28 weeks. We then correlated the obtained anatomic images with the corresponding ultrasonic images used in the standard fetal screening scan. We also interrogated the anatomic sections so as to clarify ongoing controversies regarding detailed features of the normal cardiac anatomy. We have been able to show that the views now obtained using current technology reveal many details of anatomy not always appreciated at earlier times. Knowledge of these features should now permit diagnosis of most congenital cardiac malformations. The anatomic-echocardiographic correlations additionally provide a valuable resource for both the understanding and teaching of fetal echocardiography.

  8. Emerging Role of Zika Virus in Adverse Fetal and Neonatal Outcomes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Panchaud, Alice; Stojanov, Miloš; Ammerdorffer, Anne; Vouga, Manon

    2016-01-01

    SUMMARY The rapid spread of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas and its potential association with thousands of suspected cases of microcephaly in Brazil and higher rates of Guillain-Barré syndrome meet the conditions for a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, as stated by the World Health Organization in February 2016. Two months later, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced that the current available evidence supports the existence of a causal relationship between prenatal Zika virus infection and microcephaly and other serious brain anomalies. Microcephaly can be caused by several factors, and its clinical course and prognosis are difficult to predict. Other pathogens with proven teratogenicity have been identified long before the current ZIKV epidemic. Despite the growing number of cases with maternal signs of infection and/or presence of ZIKV in tissues of affected newborns or fetuses, it is currently difficult to assess the magnitude of increase of microcephaly prevalence in Brazil, as well as the role of other factors in the development of congenital neurological conditions. Meanwhile, health agencies and medical organizations have issued cautious guidelines advising health care practitioners and expectant couples traveling to, returning from, or living in affected areas. Analogous to dengue virus (DENV) epidemics, ZIKV has the potential to become endemic in all countries infested by Aedes mosquitoes, while new mutations could impact viral replication in humans, leading to increased virulence and consequently heightened chances of viral transmission to additional naive mosquito vectors. Studies are urgently needed to answer the questions surrounding ZIKV and its role in congenital neurological conditions. PMID:27281741

  9. L'aumento dei prezzi delle attività e della politica monetaria (The increase in asset prices and monetary policy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Charles P. Kindleberger

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available L’inflazione degli asset, a differenza dell’inflazione ordinaria, che si riferisce a  l'aumento dei prezzi dei beni di consumo, merci all'ingrosso, o il deflatore del reddito nazionale, è un termine che non è in uso in occidente, ma corrente in Giappone. Ci sono momenti in cui gli assets aumenteranno di prezzo in modo inflazionistico, un boom o anche una bolla, mentre i prezzi dell’output sono relativamente stabili o addirittura in calo. Asset inflation, as distinguished from ordinary inflation, the latter referring to rising prices of consumer goods, wholesale commodities, or the national-income deflator, is a phrase not in use in the west, but current in Japan. There are times when assets rise in price in an inflationary way, a boom or even a bubble, while output prices are relatively stable or even declining. JEL Codes: F3, G1, N1, B5 

  10. Can vaccinia virus be replaced by MVA virus for testing virucidal activity of chemical disinfectants?

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    Rapp Ingrid

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Vaccinia virus strain Lister Elstree (VACV is a test virus in the DVV/RKI guidelines as representative of the stable enveloped viruses. Since the potential risk of laboratory-acquired infections with VACV persists and since the adverse effects of vaccination with VACV are described, the replacement of VACV by the modified vaccinia Ankara strain (MVA was studied by testing the activity of different chemical biocides in three German laboratories. Methods The inactivating properties of different chemical biocides (peracetic acid, aldehydes and alcohols were tested in a quantitative suspension test according to the DVV/RKI guideline. All tests were performed with a protein load of 10% fetal calf serum with both viruses in parallel using different concentrations and contact times. Residual virus was determined by endpoint dilution method. Results The chemical biocides exhibited similar virucidal activity against VACV and MVA. In three cases intra-laboratory differences were determined between VACV and MVA - 40% (v/v ethanol and 30% (v/v isopropanol are more active against MVA, whereas MVA seems more stable than VACV when testing with 0.05% glutardialdehyde. Test accuracy across the three participating laboratories was high. Remarkably inter-laboratory differences in the reduction factor were only observed in two cases. Conclusions Our data provide valuable information for the replacement of VACV by MVA for testing chemical biocides and disinfectants. Because MVA does not replicate in humans this would eliminate the potential risk of inadvertent inoculation with vaccinia virus and disease in non-vaccinated laboratory workers.

  11. Verifica dell'appropriatezza dei ricoveri chirurgici secondo lo strumento RL-PVACE: valutazione economica e organizzativa nell'Azienda Ospedaliera G. Salvini

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    R. Barni

    2003-05-01

    Full Text Available

    Obiettivi: analizzare con lo strumento RL-PVACE l’appropriatezza dei ricoveri ordinari esitati in DRG chirurgici ad alto rischio di inappropriatezza; individuare e valutare economicamente i cambiamenti organizzativi necessari per raggiungere il livello di appropriatezza della circolare regionale 39/SAN.

    Metodi: il disegno dello studio è longitudinale e retrospettivo. È stata analizzata la sola giornata di ammissione di tutti i casi ordinari dimessi nel primo semestre dell’anno 2001, con esclusione dei casi 0- 1 giorno, ed esitati in DRG chirurgici che presentavano una quota di ricoveri ordinari, valutabili con RLPVA, superiore alla soglia di ammissibilità definita nel ddg n° 20180 (2002. I DRG così selezionati sono stati in ordine decrescente di numerosità: 119, 162, 55, 158, 222, 160, 267, 232, 270, 262, 40. Utilizzando i dati della contabilità analitica e ipotizzando lo spostamento in 1^ giornata o in day hospital dei ricoveri ordinari, è stato calcolato il punto di pareggio mediante la break-even analysis.

    Risultati: i dati presentati sono relativi a 845 cartelle cliniche corrispondenti ai DRG selezionati nei Presidi di Garbagnate e Bollate. È stato rilevato un livello assistenziale appropriato nel 38,3% dei casi mentre solo il 3,8% delle ammissioni si è rilevata tempestiva (appropriatezza complessiva 40,9%. Il criterio più adottato per l’attribuzione dell’appropriatezza del livello assistenziale è stato K3 (58,3%, seguito da L4 (20%, K1 (7%; meno frequenti i criteri J6 (3,4%, L3 (3,4%, J6 (3,4%, J4 (2,8%. Gli override sono stati attivati in una quota minoritaria di casi (2,1%. Dal punto di vista economico risulta relativamente conveniente il ricorso alla modalità del “one day surgery”.

    Conclusioni: l’utilizzo del protocollo RL-PVACE è risultato agevole (basso ricorso agli override. Il livello di appropriatezza raggiunto è in

  12. Genome analysis of an atypical bovine pestivirus from fetal bovine serum.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gao, Shandian; Du, Junzheng; Tian, Zhancheng; Xing, Shanshan; Chang, Huiyun; Liu, Guangyuan; Luo, Jianxun; Yin, Hong

    2016-08-01

    We report the complete genome sequence of a bovine pestivirus LVRI/cont-1 originated from a commercial batch of fetal bovine serum. Its complete genome consists of 12,282 nucleotides (nt), which contain an open reading frame (ORF) of 11,700 bp flanked by 5' and 3' untranslated regions (383 and 199 bp). The size of the 5'UTR and the individual protein coding region of LVRI/cont-1 are identical to those of the reference virus Th/04_KhonKaen, but it has a deletion of the first 56 nt in the 3'UTR. Alignment of the complete nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicate that this viral isolate belongs to atypical pestiviruses.

  13. Fetal programming of renal function.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dötsch, Jörg; Plank, Christian; Amann, Kerstin

    2012-04-01

    Results from large epidemiological studies suggest a clear relation between low birth weight and adverse renal outcome evident as early as during childhood. Such adverse outcomes may include glomerular disease, hypertension, and renal failure and contribute to a phenomenon called fetal programming. Other factors potentially leading to an adverse renal outcome following fetal programming are maternal diabetes mellitus, smoking, salt overload, and use of glucocorticoids during pregnancy. However, clinical data on the latter are scarce. Here, we discuss potential underlying mechanisms of fetal programming, including reduced nephron number via diminished nephrogenesis and other renal (e.g., via the intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system) and non-renal (e.g., changes in endothelial function) alterations. It appears likely that the outcomes of fetal programming may be influenced or modified postnatally, for example, by the amount of nutrients given at critical times.

  14. Il contributo dell'ECU alla stabilità dei cambi: una replica. (The contribution of the ECU to exchange-rate stability. A comment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. SARCINELLI

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available L'articolo è una breve nota critica alcuni elementi essenziali di Jager e De Jong del potenziale impatto del dell'ECU privato sulla stabilità dei tassi di cambio mondiale ed europeo ( 1988 . L'autore fornisce tre punti di critica che minano l'analisi di quel articolo. In primo luogo , l'ECU deve essere considerata in tutte le sue funzioni di una valuta di riserva internazionale e non solo come valuta di investimento . In secondo luogo, la restrittività delle assunzioni sottostanti l'approccio di portafoglio fanno esito degli autori inutile nella pratica . In terzo luogo, il risultato dei loro calcoli favorisce l'ipotesi che la centralina crea stabilità dei cambi The article is a brief note criticising some essential elements of Jager and De Jong’s The private ECU’s potential impact on Global and European exchange-rate stability (1988. The author provides three points of criticism which undermine that article’s analysis. Firstly, the ECU ought to be considered in all its functions of an international reserve currency and not only as an investment currency. Secondly, the restrictiveness of the assumptions underlying the portfolio approach make the authors’ outcome useless in practice. Thirdly, the outcome of their calculations favours the hypothesis that the ECU creates exchange-rate stability.JEL: F33, F36

  15. Bulk rock composition and geochemistry of olivine-hosted melt inclusions in the Grey Porri Tuff and selected lavas of the Monte dei Porri volcano, Salina, Aeolian Islands, southern Italy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Doherty, Angela L.; Bodnar, Robert J.; De Vivo, Benedetto; Bohrson, Wendy A.; Belkin, Harvey E.; Messina, Antonia; Tracy, Robert J.

    2012-01-01

    The Aeolian Islands are an arcuate chain of submarine seamounts and volcanic islands, lying just north of Sicily in southern Italy. The second largest of the islands, Salina, exhibits a wide range of compositional variation in its erupted products, from basaltic lavas to rhyolitic pumice. The Monte dei Porri eruptions occurred between 60 ka and 30 ka, following a period of approximately 60,000 years of repose. The bulk rock composition of the Monte dei Porri products range from basaltic-andesite scoria to andesitic pumice in the Grey Porri Tuff (GPT), with the Monte dei Porri lavas having basaltic-andesite compositions. The typical mineral assemblage of the GPT is calcic plagioclase, clinopyroxene (augite), olivine (Fo72−84) and orthopyroxene (enstatite) ± amphibole and Ti-Fe oxides. The lava units show a similar mineral assemblage, but contain lower Fo olivines (Fo57−78). The lava units also contain numerous glomerocrysts, including an unusual variety that contains quartz, K-feldspar and mica. Melt inclusions (MI) are ubiquitous in all mineral phases from all units of the Monte dei Porri eruptions; however, only data from olivine-hosted MI in the GPT are reported here. Compositions of MI in the GPT are typically basaltic (average SiO2 of 49.8 wt %) in the pumices and basaltic-andesite (average SiO2 of 55.6 wt %) in the scoriae and show a bimodal distribution in most compositional discrimination plots. The compositions of most of the MI in the scoriae overlap with bulk rock compositions of the lavas. Petrological and geochemical evidence suggest that mixing of one or more magmas and/or crustal assimilation played a role in the evolution of the Monte dei Porri magmatic system, especially the GPT. Analyses of the more evolved mineral phases are required to better constrain the evolution of the magma.

  16. Herpes Simplex Virus: Beyond the Basics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kobty, Magidah

    2015-01-01

    One of the most common sexually transmitted infections is the herpes simplex virus (HSV) Type 2. Although the incidence of newborn infection is not as common as in adults, approximately 1,500 neonates are diagnosed annually with HSV infection. HSV can be detrimental to the life of a newborn, with morbidity and mortality rates of up to 65 percent. This article addresses the maternal and fetal complications of HSV and the impact of HSV on the newborn along with diagnostic evaluation methods. In addition, treatment options and evidence-based practices regarding HSV are defined. Despite growing technology and medical treatment for early identification of HSV, this virus remains challenging and can deeply impact the life of an infant and his or her family. Early diagnosis, treatment, and intervention of an infant with HSV are crucial to ensure the livelihood of the newborn.

  17. Unionismo fiorentino negli anni Venti. L’Associazione Cristiana dei Giovani di Firenze

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    Letizia Pagliai

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available Scarni sono i riferimenti storiografici sulla sezione fiorentina dell’Associazione Cristiana dei Giovani (ACDG, il corrispettivo italiano della Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA, costituita dopo la Grande Guerra da quel Giovanni Battista Giorgini (1898-1971, noto piuttosto come talento imprenditoriale della ‘moda italiana’ negli anni del Miracolo economico. Sotto la presidenza di Giorgini (1924-1933, di formazione religiosa valdese, la sezione fiorentina dell’ACDG divenne punto di riferimento di tutta l’organizzazione italiana. Questo contributo, attraverso documenti esemplificativi, segue alcune fondamentali tappe e aspetti della vita dell’Associazione fino al 1931, quando il governo fascista ne intimò drasticamente lo scioglimento con ordinanza prefettizia.

  18. Prevention of fetal demise and growth restriction in a mouse model of fetal alcohol syndrome.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Spong, C Y; Abebe, D T; Gozes, I; Brenneman, D E; Hill, J M

    2001-05-01

    Two peptides [NAPVSIPQ (NAP) and SALLRSIPA (ADNF-9)], that are associated with novel glial proteins regulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide, are shown now to provide protective intervention in a model of fetal alcohol syndrome. Fetal demise and growth restrictions were produced after intraperitoneal injection of ethanol to pregnant mice during midgestation (E8). Death and growth abnormalities elicited by alcohol treatment during development are believed to be associated, in part, with severe oxidative damage. NAP and ADNF-9 have been shown to exhibit antioxidative and antiapoptotic actions in vitro. Pretreatment with an equimolar combination of the peptides prevented the alcohol-induced fetal death and growth abnormalities. Pretreatment with NAP alone resulted in a significant decrease in alcohol-associated fetal death; whereas ADNF-9 alone had no detectable effect on fetal survival after alcohol exposure, indicating a pharmacological distinction between the peptides. Biochemical assessment of the fetuses indicated that the combination peptide treatment prevented the alcohol-induced decreases in reduced glutathione. Peptide efficacy was evident with either 30-min pretreatment or with 1-h post-alcohol administration. Bioavailability studies with [(3)H]NAPVSIPQ indicated that 39% of the total radioactivity comigrated with intact peptide in the fetus 60 min after administration. These studies demonstrate that fetal death and growth restriction associated with prenatal alcohol exposure were prevented by combinatorial peptide treatment and suggest that this therapeutic strategy be explored in other models/diseases associated with oxidative stress.

  19. Situaciones límite de la gíneco-obstetricia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Neira Miranda

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Se analizan los escenarios médicos límites de la obstetricia y ginecología ligados al concepto de “aborto terapéutico”, los que se resumen en tres grupos: 1.- Riesgo vital para la madre, 2.- Agravación de la enfermedad materna, y 3.- Daño psicosocial materno. En las patologías englobadas en el primer grupo la terapia médica para el binomio madre-hijo provoca como efecto no querido ni procurado la muerte indirecta del embrión o feto. En el segundo grupo la evidencia médica, los equipos interdisciplinarios experimentados, y actuar bajo el consentimientoinformado, en general permiten promisorios resultados materno-fetales. Para el tercer grupo se proponen caminos guiados por la humanización de la medicina

  20. Fetal MRI: An approach to practice: A review

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    Sahar N. Saleem

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available MRI has been increasingly used for detailed visualization of the fetus in utero as well as pregnancy structures. Yet, the familiarity of radiologists and clinicians with fetal MRI is still limited. This article provides a practical approach to fetal MR imaging. Fetal MRI is an interactive scanning of the moving fetus owed to the use of fast sequences. Single-shot fast spin-echo (SSFSE T2-weighted imaging is a standard sequence. T1-weighted sequences are primarily used to demonstrate fat, calcification and hemorrhage. Balanced steady-state free-precession (SSFP, are beneficial in demonstrating fetal structures as the heart and vessels. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI, MR spectroscopy (MRS, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI have potential applications in fetal imaging. Knowing the developing fetal MR anatomy is essential to detect abnormalities. MR evaluation of the developing fetal brain should include recognition of the multilayered-appearance of the cerebral parenchyma, knowledge of the timing of sulci appearance, myelination and changes in ventricular size. With advanced gestation, fetal organs as lungs and kidneys show significant changes in volume and T2-signal. Through a systematic approach, the normal anatomy of the developing fetus is shown to contrast with a wide spectrum of fetal disorders. The abnormalities displayed are graded in severity from simple common lesions to more complex rare cases. Complete fetal MRI is fulfilled by careful evaluation of the placenta, umbilical cord and amniotic cavity. Accurate interpretation of fetal MRI can provide valuable information that helps prenatal counseling, facilitate management decisions, guide therapy, and support research studies.

  1. Linear and nonlinear features of fetal heart rate on the assessment of fetal development in the course of pregnancy and the impact of fetal gender.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Spyridou, K; Chouvarda, I; Hadjileontiadis, L; Maglaveras, N

    2018-01-30

    This work aims to investigate the impact of gestational age and fetal gender on fetal heart rate (FHR) tracings. Different linear and nonlinear parameters indicating correlation or complexity were used to study the influence of fetal age and gender on FHR tracings. The signals were recorded from 99 normal pregnant women in a singleton pregnancy at gestational ages from 28 to 40 weeks, before the onset of labor. There were 56 female fetuses and 43 male. Analysis of FHR shows that the means as well as measures of irregularity of FHR, such as approximate entropy and algorithmic complexity, decrease as gestation progresses. There were also indications that mutual information and multiscale entropy were lower in male fetuses in early pregnancy. Fetal age and gender seem to influence FHR tracings. Taking this into consideration would improve the interpretation of FHR monitoring.

  2. Awareness of fetal echo in Indian scenario

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Warrier, Dhanya; Saraf, Rahul; Maheshwari, Sunita; Suresh, PV; Shah, Sejal

    2012-01-01

    Fetal echocardiography is a well established sensitive tool to diagnose congenital heart disease (CHD) in utero. One of the determinants of effective utilization of fetal echocardiography is its awareness in the general population. The present hospital based study was undertaken to assess the awareness of the need for fetal echocardiography amongst Indian parents. One thousand one hundred and thirty eight consecutive parents who visited the pediatric cardiology outpatient department of a tertiary care centre over a period of two months were asked to fill up a questionnaire that included their demographic data, educational status, history of CHD in children, awareness of fetal echocardiography and source of information and timing of fetal echocardiogram if performed. The data was categorized and awareness was noted in different groups. The awareness in the study population was 2.2%. Awareness was found to be similar across the study population irrespective of the demographics and high risk status of the parents. The awareness of fetal echocardiography, an important tool in reducing the incidence of complex CHD, thereby impacting public health, is alarmingly low in the population studied. Appropriate action to increase awareness of fetal echocardiography needs to be looked into

  3. First Trimester Fetal Gender Assignment by Ultrasound

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    Sabahattin Altunyurt

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Objective: To investigate the efficiency of genital tubercule angle on detecting fetal gender in first trimester by ultrasonography. Material-Method: Fetal sex assignment by ultrasound was carried out in 172 pregnancies at 11-13+6 weeks between 2007 June and 2007 December. Gestational age was determined by the measurement of crown-rump length (CRL. The ultrasound predictions were compared with actual sex at birth. Mid-sagittal planes of a section of the fetal genital tubercle were performed to identify the gender. Results: 155 of 172 patients’ data were achieved. The overall success rate was 92.3 % in sonographic assignment of fetal sex. The correct assignment rate in female fetuses was significantly higher than males (95.9 % - 88.8 % [p=0,001]. The correct identification of fetal sex improved with advancing gestational age from 89.3 % between 11-11+6 weeks, 92.5 % between 12-12+6 weeks and 93.4 % between 13-13+6 weeks (p=0,96. Conclusion: The fetal sex assignment by ultrasonography between 11-13+6 weeks had high success rate. The sensitivity of fetal sex assignment was not affected with fetus position and gestational age.

  4. Fetal activity patterns in hypertensive pregnancies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rayburn, W F

    1982-01-01

    This prospective investigation attempts to determine whether the maternal recording of perceived fetal motion is useful for fetal assessment in pregnancies complicated by hypertension. During a 21 month period, 124 patients whose pregnancies were complicated by either chronic or pregnancy-induced hypertension participated. The number of perceived movements per hour (24 +/- 11, mean +/- S.D.) and evidence for fetal inactivity (7 cases, 6%) did not vary significantly from a control group of normotensive pregnancies (p greater than 0.05). Fetal inactivity was predictive of an unfavorable perinatal outcome in 6 of 7 cases, including the three stillborn infants. No perinatal deaths occurred among the 117 hypertensive pregnancies with active fetuses, and the 6 cases with an unfavorable outcome were associated with mild intrauterine growth delay, prematurity, or acute changes such as placental abruption or umbilical cord accidents. Realizing these limitations, a record of fetal inactivity is worthwhile in managing the pregnancy complicated by hypertension.

  5. Inequality in Fetal Autopsy in Canada.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Auger, Nathalie; Tiandrazana, Rémi-Claude; Healy-Profitós, Jessica; Costopoulos, André

    2016-01-01

    Inequality in use of fetal autopsy is poorly understood, despite the importance of autopsy in establishing the cause of stillbirth for future prevention. We examined fetal autopsy rates between linguistic minorities in Quebec, Canada, and assessed trends over three decades. Using registry data on 11,992 stillbirths from 1981-2011, we calculated fetal autopsy rates for Francophones, Anglophones, and Allophones by decade. We found lower fetal autopsy rates for Allophones (54.4%) than Francophones (68.5%) and Anglophones (63.4%), but rates decreased over time for all language groups. After 2000, Allophones had 25% higher risk of non-autopsy relative to Francophones, with 8.8 fewer autopsies for every 100 stillbirths. Allophones who were not autopsied had 32% higher risk of having an undetermined cause of death. Inequality in use of fetal autopsy may be widespread for minorities in Canada. Efforts to decrease stillbirth in minorities may require policies to increase autopsy rates.

  6. La religione nell’ordinamento algerino tra previsioni costituzionali e normativa ordinaria in materia di esercizio dei culti diversi dal musulmano

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    Maria Cristina Ivaldi

    2012-11-01

    SOMMARIO: 1. Rilievi introduttivi – 2. Il trattamento riservato alla religione nelle costituzioni algerine postcoloniali – 3. La disciplina in materia di esercizio dei culti diversi dal musulmano varata nel 2006 – 4. I decreti di esecuzione della normativa de qua – 5. Tendenze evolutive:

  7. Fetal alcohol exposure and development of the integument

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Longhurst WD

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available William D Longhurst,1 Jordan Ernst,2 Larry Burd3 1Center for Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; 2University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA; 3Department of Pediatrics, North Dakota Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Center, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA Background: The physiology of fetal alcohol exposure changes across gestation. Early in pregnancy placental, fetal, and amniotic fluid concentrations of alcohol exposure are equivalent. Beginning in mid-pregnancy, the maturing fetal epidermis adds keratins which decrease permeability resulting in development of a barrier between fetal circulation and the amniotic fluid. Barrier function development is essential for viability in late pregnancy and in the extra-uterine environment. In this paper we provide a selected review of the effects of barrier function on fetal alcohol exposure. Methods: We utilized a search of PubMed and Google for all years in all languages for MeSH on Demand terms: alcohol drinking, amnion, amniotic fluid, epidermis, ethanol, female, fetal development, fetus, humans, keratins, permeability, and pregnancy. We also reviewed the reference lists of relevant papers and hand-searched reference lists of textbooks for additional references. Results: By 30 gestational weeks, development of barrier function alters the pathophysiology of ethanol dispersion between the fetus and amniotic fluid. Firstly, increases in the effectiveness of barrier function decreases the rate of diffusion of alcohol from fetal circulation across fetal skin into the amniotic fluid. This reduces the volume of alcohol entering the amniotic fluid. Secondly, barrier function increases the duration of fetal exposure by decreasing the rate of alcohol diffusion from amniotic fluid back into fetal circulation. Ethanol is then transported into

  8. Unexplained fetal death

    OpenAIRE

    Sepúlveda, Janer; Quintero, Eliana Maribel

    2004-01-01

    El porcentaje de muertes fetales inexplicadas oscila entre un 21% a 50%; se define como la muerte que ocurre en fetos con edad gestacional mayor de 20 semanas o peso superior a 500 g, en la cual ni la autopsia ni el examen histológico del cordón umbilical, placenta y membranas, se logra identificar la causa. Los factores asociados con muerte fetal inexplicada son edad materna mayor de 35 años, sobrepeso, nivel educativo menor de 10 años, cigarrillo y bajo nivel socioeconómico, entre otros. La...

  9. The World Health Organization Fetal Growth Charts

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kiserud, Torvid; Piaggio, Gilda; Carroli, Guillermo

    2017-01-01

    BACKGROUND: Perinatal mortality and morbidity continue to be major global health challenges strongly associated with prematurity and reduced fetal growth, an issue of further interest given the mounting evidence that fetal growth in general is linked to degrees of risk of common noncommunicable...... longitudinal study of fetal growth in low-risk singleton pregnancies of women of high or middle socioeconomic status and without known environmental constraints on fetal growth. Centers in ten countries (Argentina, Brazil, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, India, Norway...

  10. Parallela, a.c. di/Hrsg. Roland Bauer e Hans Goebl, Testo - Variazione - Informatica / Text ž Variation - Informatik, Atti del IX incontro italo-austriaco dei linguisti (Salisburgo, 1-4 novembre 2000 / Akten des IX. österreichisch-italienischen Linguiste

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pavao Tekavčić

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available I sottotitolo stesso del presente volume dice che i contributi appartengono ai domini piu attuali della linguistica. I 26 contributi sono raggruppati nelle seguenti tre sezioni (entro ciascuna i nomi degli autori in ordine alfabetico: 1. Linguistica variazionale/Variationslinguistik. (13 contributi, 2. Linguistica testuale/Textlinguistik (10 contributi, 3. Linguistica computazionale/Computerlinguistik (3 contributi. La miscellanea si apre con la Prefazione dei curatori/Vorwort der Herausgeber (V-V11I, seguita dall'Indice tematico/Thematisches Inhaltverzeichnis (IX-XI e dagli lndirizzi elet­ tronici (E-Mail Adressen degli autori e dei curatori. Dei 26 testi 21 sono in italiano e 5 in tedesco. In seguito presentiamo, in forma quanto piu succinta, i contributi, citando gli autori con le relative sedi (tra parentesi e le pagine (anche queste tra par­entesi, ma omettendo per brevita i titoli (alcuni abbastanza  lunghi.  La numer­ azione  dei contributi (13 + 10+3 e nostra.

  11. Ascitis fetal masiva idiopática aislada

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    Yolimar Navarro Briceño

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available La ascitis fetal esta comúnmente asociada a malformaciones gastrointestinales y urinarias, anemia, infección y anomalías cromosómicas. La ascitis fetal masiva idiopática es rara. Se reporta un caso de una embarazada de 33 años referida a las 17 semanas después que se detectó ascitis en ausencia de anomalías estructurales. La evaluación cardiaca y las pruebas diagnósticas de infecciones virales fueron negativas. A las 28 semanas se detectó ascitis masiva sin otros signos de hidrops fetal. La velocidad sistólica pico de la arteria cerebral media fetal estaba elevada. El Doppler de la arteria umbilical, crecimiento fetal y volumen de líquido amniótico estaban normales. El ecocardiograma fetal estaba normal. Se realizó la amniocentesis con resultados normales del cariotipo. A pesar de la persistencia de la ascitis masiva durante el seguimiento, el crecimiento fetal y el volumen de líquido amniótico eran normales con valores elevados de la velocidad sistólica pico de la arteria cerebral media fetal. A las 33 semanas la paciente se realizó cesárea de emergencia por sufrimiento fetal agudo. Se obtuvo un recién nacido vivo femenino normal con valores normales de hemoglobina al nacer. El flujo vascular hepático, vesical y hepato-portal fueron normales. La ascitis se resolvió completamente al octavo día después del nacimiento y el recién nacido fue dado de alta a los 15 días.

  12. WHO multicentre study for the development of growth standards from fetal life to childhood: the fetal component.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Merialdi, Mario; Widmer, Mariana; Gülmezoglu, Ahmet Metin; Abdel-Aleem, Hany; Bega, George; Benachi, Alexandra; Carroli, Guillermo; Cecatti, Jose Guilherme; Diemert, Anke; Gonzalez, Rogelio; Hecher, Kurt; Jensen, Lisa N; Johnsen, Synnøve L; Kiserud, Torvid; Kriplani, Alka; Lumbiganon, Pisake; Tabor, Ann; Talegawkar, Sameera A; Tshefu, Antoinette; Wojdyla, Daniel; Platt, Lawrence

    2014-05-02

    In 2006 WHO presented the infant and child growth charts suggested for universal application. However, major determinants for perinatal outcomes and postnatal growth are laid down during antenatal development. Accordingly, monitoring fetal growth in utero by ultrasonography is important both for clinical and scientific reasons. The currently used fetal growth references are derived mainly from North American and European population and may be inappropriate for international use, given possible variances in the growth rates of fetuses from different ethnic population groups. WHO has, therefore, made it a high priority to establish charts of optimal fetal growth that can be recommended worldwide. This is a multi-national study for the development of fetal growth standards for international application by assessing fetal growth in populations of different ethnic and geographic backgrounds. The study will select pregnant women of high-middle socioeconomic status with no obvious environmental constraints on growth (adequate nutritional status, non-smoking), and normal pregnancy history with no complications likely to affect fetal growth. The study will be conducted in centres from ten developing and industrialized countries: Argentina, Brazil, Democratic Republic of Congo, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, India, Norway, and Thailand. At each centre, 140 pregnant women will be recruited between 8 + 0 and 12 + 6 weeks of gestation. Subsequently, visits for fetal biometry will be scheduled at 14, 18, 24, 28, 32, 36, and 40 weeks (+/- 1 week) to be performed by trained ultrasonographers.The main outcome of the proposed study will be the development of fetal growth standards (either global or population specific) for international applications. The data from this study will be incorporated into obstetric practice and national health policies at country level in coordination with the activities presently conducted by WHO to implement the use of the Child Growth Standards.

  13. Avaliação do estado ácido-básico materno com o uso de sufentanil por via subaracnóidea em diferentes doses para cesarianas e suas repercussões sobre os recém-nascidos Evaluación del estado ácido-básico materno con el uso de sufentanil por vía subaracnóidea en diferentes dosis para cesáreas y sus repercusiones sobre los recién nacidos Evaluation of maternal acid-base status after different doses of spinal sufentanil for cesarean section and its effects on the neonates

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    Luís Fernando Lima Castro

    2003-02-01

    Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O sufentanil subaracnóideo em obstetrícia promove alívio imediato da dor, melhor qualidade da anestesia e analgesia pós-operatória mais prolongada, tendo como efeito colateral mais grave a depressão respiratória. Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar o estado ácido-básico materno com o uso de sufentanil subaracnóideo em diferentes doses, associado à bupivacaína hiperbárica, para cesarianas e suas repercussões sobre os recém-nascidos. MÉTODO: Foram avaliadas 40 gestantes a termo, estado físico ASA I, com idades entre 17 e 35 anos, submetidas à cesariana eletiva sob raquianestesia e divididas em 2 grupos eqüitativos: no grupo I, receberam 12 mg de bupivacaína a 0,5% hiperbárica associados a 2,5 µg de sufentanil e no grupo II, receberam 12 mg de bupivacaína a 0,5% hiperbárica associados a 5 µg de sufentanil. Foram avaliados: estado ácido-básico materno através de gasometria arterial antes da realização da anestesia e após o nascimento do concepto, SpO2, alterações hemodinâmicas, vitalidade dos recém-nascidos através do índice de Apgar e gasometria do cordão umbilical e presença de efeitos colaterais. RESULTADOS: Os grupos mostraram-se homogêneos nos parâmetros avaliados, observando-se discreta acidose metabólica materna compensada em ambos os grupos tanto antes da realização da anestesia como logo após o nascimento do concepto; porém, sem repercussões clínicas. Os recém-nascidos apresentaram boa vitalidade e gasometrias compatíveis com a normalidade. CONCLUSÕES: A associação de bupivacaína hiperbárica a 0,5% a pequenas doses de sufentanil subaracnóideo em cesarianas mostrou ser técnica segura ao binômio materno-fetal, preservando seu estado hemodinâmico e ácido-básico.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El sufentanil subaracnóideo en obstetricia promueve alivio inmediato del dolor, mejor calidad de la anestesia y analgesia pós-operatoria más prolongada, y que tiene como

  14. [The advantages of early midtrimester targeted fetal systematic organ screening for the detection of fetal anomalies--will a global change start in Israel?].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bronshtein, Moshe; Solt, Ido; Blumenfeld, Zeev

    2014-06-01

    Despite more than three decades of universal popularity of fetal sonography as an integral part of pregnancy evaluation, there is still no unequivocal agreement regarding the optimal dating of fetal sonographic screening and the type of ultrasound (transvaginal vs abdominal). TransvaginaL systematic sonography at 14-17 weeks for fetal organ screening. The evaluation of over 72.000 early (14-17 weeks) and late (18-24 weeks) fetal ultrasonographic systematic organ screenings revealed that 96% of the malformations are detectable in the early screening with an incidence of 1:50 gestations. Only 4% of the fetal anomalies are diagnosed later in pregnancy. Over 99% of the fetal cardiac anomalies are detectable in the early screening and most of them appear in low risk gestations. Therefore, we suggest a new platform of fetal sonographic evaluation and follow-up: The extensive systematic fetal organ screening should be performed by an expert sonographer who has been trained in the detection of fetal malformations, at 14-17 weeks gestation. This examination should also include fetal cardiac echography Three additional ultrasound examinations are suggested during pregnancy: the first, performed by the patient's obstetrician at 6-7 weeks for the exclusion of ectopic pregnancy, confirmation of fetal viability, dating, assessment of chorionicity in multiple gestations, and visualization of maternal adnexae. The other two, at 22-26 and 32-34 weeks, require less training and should be performed by an obstetrician who has been qualified in the sonographic detection of fetal anomalies. The advantages of early midtrimester targeted fetal systematic organ screening for the detection of fetal anomalies may dictate a global change.

  15. Amniocentesis for fetal lung maturity: will it become obsolete?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Varner, Stephen; Sherman, Craig; Lewis, David; Owens, Sheri; Bodie, Frankie; McCathran, C Eric; Holliday, Nicolette

    2013-01-01

    AMNIOCENTESIS FOR FETAL LUNG MATURITY HAS HISTORICALLY BEEN PERFORMED FOR MANY REASONS: uterine and placental complications, maternal comorbidities, fetal issues, and even obstetric problems. Even though the risks associated with third trimester amniocentesis are extremely low, complications have been documented, including preterm labor, placental abruptions, intrauterine rupture, maternal sepsis, fetal heart rate abnormalities, and fetal-maternal hemorrhage. This review presents the types of tests for fetal lung maturity, presents the indications and tests utilized, and discusses recommendations for when amniocentesis for fetal lung maturity may be appropriate.

  16. Resultados maternos e neonatais da assistência em casa de parto no município do Rio de Janeiro Resultados maternos y neonatales de la asistencia en casa de nacimiento en el municipio de Rio de Janeiro Maternal and neonatal assistance results at Birthing Center in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro

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    Adriana Lenho de Figueiredo Pereira

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os resultados maternos e neonatais da assistência na Casa de Parto David Capistrano Filho. Pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, que analisou 458 prontuários dos partos normais e nascimentos no período de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2009. As parturientes eram mulheres jovens, de 15 a 25 anos de idade (66,6%, e nulíparas (55%. Durante o trabalho de parto, elas permaneceram com o acompanhante (94,1% e receberam cuidados para o relaxamento e o conforto. A taxa de episiotomia foi de 2,4%. Não houve óbitos maternos e neonatais. Os casos de asfixia neonatal representaram 0,2% dos nascidos vivos. As transferências para o hospital corresponderam a 2,8% das mulheres no pós-parto e 8,5% entre os neonatos. A maioria dos resultados encontrados foi semelhante aos descritos nas pesquisas brasileiras e internacionais acerca da assistência em centros de parto.El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los resultados maternos y neonatales de la asistencia en la Casa de Parto David Capistrano Filho. Investigación exploratoria y descriptiva con enfoque cuantitativo, que analizó 458 registros clínicos de los partos normales y nacimientos en el período de Enero de 2008 a Diciembre de 2009. Las mujeres embarazadas eran mujeres jóvenes, entre 15 y 25 años de edad (66,6%, y nulíparas (55%. Durante el trabajo de parto, ellas recibieron dieta oral (100%, permanecieron con el acompañante (94,1% y recibieron cuidados para la relajación y confort. La tasa de episiotomía fue del 2,4%. No hubo óbitos maternos y neonatales. Los casos de asfixia neonatal representaron 0,2% de los neonatos. Los traslados para el hospital correspondieron a 2,8% de las mujeres en el postparto y a 8,5% entre los recién nacidos. La mayoría de los resultados fueron similares a los descritos en las investigaciones brasileñas e internacionales a cerca de la asistencia en centros de nacimientos.The purpose of this

  17. Identification of short hairpin RNA targeting foot-and-mouth disease virus with transgenic bovine fetal epithelium cells.

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    Hongmei Wang

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Although it is known that RNA interference (RNAi targeting viral genes protects experimental animals, such as mice, from the challenge of Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV, it has not been previously investigated whether shRNAs targeting FMDV in transgenic dairy cattle or primary transgenic bovine epithelium cells will confer resistance against FMDV challenge. PRINCIPAL FINDING: Here we constructed three recombinant lentiviral vectors containing shRNA against VP2 (RNAi-VP2, VP3 (RNAi-VP3, or VP4 (RNAi-VP4 of FMDV, and found that all of them strongly suppressed the transient expression of a FLAG-tagged viral gene fusion protein in 293T cells. In BHK-21 cells, RNAi-VP4 was found to be more potent in inhibition of viral replication than the others with over 98% inhibition of viral replication. Therefore, recombinant lentiviral vector RNAi-VP4 was transfected into bovine fetal fibroblast cells to generate transgenic nuclear donor cells. With subsequent somatic cell cloning, we generated forty transgenic blastocysts, and then transferred them to 20 synchronized recipient cows. Three transgenic bovine fetuses were obtained after pregnant period of 4 months, and integration into chromosome in cloned fetuses was confirmed by Southern hybridization. The primary tongue epithelium cells of transgenic fetuses were isolated and inoculated with 100 TCID(50 of FMDV, and it was observed that shRNA significantly suppressed viral RNA synthesis and inhibited over 91% of viral replication after inoculation of FMDV for 48 h. CONCLUSION: RNAi-VP4 targeting viral VP4 gene appears to prevent primary epithelium cells of transgenic bovine fetus from FMDV infection, and it could be a candidate shRNA used for cultivation of transgenic cattle against FMDV.

  18. Il servizio di EV-mobile ed i suoi utenti: un approccio metodologico all’analisi dei loro comportamenti

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    Ugo Contino

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available ItLa possibilità di accedere al Web mediante dispositivi mobili, ad esempio tablet o smartphone, ha comportato la creazione di ulteriori portali, semplificati, che consentono di diffondere contenuti ed informazione in maniera rapida ai propri utenti. Nel caso del servizio di Emeroteca Virtuale Mobile si è voluto ampliare la gamma dei servizi offerti all’utenza, includendo una piattaforma che fosse navigabile attraverso i browser disponibili nei moderni smart phone. L’analisi dei loro comportamenti ci ha permesso di verificare quanto gli utenti preferiscano i contesti mobili come ambienti di rapida verifica delle novità disponibili in Emeroteca, relativamente ai periodici di loro interesse (4 a 1 è infatti il rapporto tra la navigazione e la ricerca dei contenuti. Ciò chiarisce il ruolo che tale servizio sta assumendo nel contesto dell’Emeroteca, non alternativo a quello classico, ma, pur se ancora non privo di una sua connotazione sperimentale, certamente complementare a quest’ultimo.EnThe diffusion of the so called smart-phone and tablet among WEB users community caused a growth in the offering of specific portals, simplified comparing to the classic ones, but capable of a more direct and fast information flow towards their own users. Emeroteca Virtuale service too has been provided of a specific “mobile” portal dedicated to people having a smart-phone as a web access tool. Last two years usage data analysis on this service has revealed a peculiar behavior of Emeroteca Virtuale Mobile users: they tend to use the service as a rapid check of new entries in Emeroteca (issues or articles, specifically for those e-journals they are interested in (the ratio between browsing and search actions is 4 to 1. This clarifies better the role this “mobile” service is having versus the classical one: it is not an alternative to it, but a complementary way to get information from Emeroteca.

  19. Bio-magnetic signatures of fetal breathing movement

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ulusar, U D; Wilson, J D; Murphy, P; Govindan, R B; Preissl, H; Lowery, C L; Eswaran, H

    2011-01-01

    The purpose of fetal magnetoencephalography (fMEG) is to record and analyze fetal brain activity. Unavoidably, these recordings consist of a complex mixture of bio-magnetic signals from both mother and fetus. The acquired data include biological signals that are related to maternal and fetal heart function as well as fetal gross body and breathing movements. Since fetal breathing generates a significant source of bio-magnetic interference during these recordings, the goal of this study was to identify and quantify the signatures pertaining to fetal breathing movements (FBM). The fMEG signals were captured using superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) The existence of FBM was verified and recorded concurrently by an ultrasound-based video technique. This simultaneous recording is challenging since SQUIDs are extremely sensitive to magnetic signals and highly susceptible to interference from electronic equipment. For each recording, an ultrasound-FBM (UFBM) signal was extracted by tracing the displacement of the boundary defined by the fetal thorax frame by frame. The start of each FBM was identified by using the peak points of the UFBM signal. The bio-magnetic signals associated with FBM were obtained by averaging the bio-magnetic signals time locked to the FBMs. The results showed the existence of a distinctive sinusoidal signal pattern of FBM in fMEG data

  20. Fetal MRI: A Technical Update with Educational Aspirations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gholipour, Ali; Estroff, Judith A; Barnewolt, Carol E; Robertson, Richard L; Grant, P Ellen; Gagoski, Borjan; Warfield, Simon K; Afacan, Onur; Connolly, Susan A; Neil, Jeffrey J; Wolfberg, Adam; Mulkern, Robert V

    2014-11-01

    Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations have become well-established procedures at many institutions and can serve as useful adjuncts to ultrasound (US) exams when diagnostic doubts remain after US. Due to fetal motion, however, fetal MRI exams are challenging and require the MR scanner to be used in a somewhat different mode than that employed for more routine clinical studies. Herein we review the techniques most commonly used, and those that are available, for fetal MRI with an emphasis on the physics of the techniques and how to deploy them to improve success rates for fetal MRI exams. By far the most common technique employed is single-shot T2-weighted imaging due to its excellent tissue contrast and relative immunity to fetal motion. Despite the significant challenges involved, however, many of the other techniques commonly employed in conventional neuro- and body MRI such as T1 and T2*-weighted imaging, diffusion and perfusion weighted imaging, as well as spectroscopic methods remain of interest for fetal MR applications. An effort to understand the strengths and limitations of these basic methods within the context of fetal MRI is made in order to optimize their use and facilitate implementation of technical improvements for the further development of fetal MR imaging, both in acquisition and post-processing strategies.