[Probe into monitoring mechanism of Chinese materia medica resources].

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Zhang, Xiao-Bo; Li, Da-Ning; Guo, Lan-Ping; Lu, Jian-Wei; Sun, Li-Ying; Huang, Lu-Qi

2013-10-01

Focusing on the problems of Chinese materia medica resources,and combining with the national Chinese materia medica resources survey, the paper probes into monitoring mechanism of Chinese materia medica resources. The establishment of the monitoring mechanism needs one organization and management agencies to supervise and guide monitoring work, one network system to gather data information, a group of people to perform monitoring work, a system of technical methods to assure monitoring work scientific and practical, a series of achievements and products to figure out the methods for solving problems, a group of monitoring index system to accumulate basic data, and a plenty of funds to keep normal operation of monitoring work.

[Hypothesis and application of bimolecular marking methods in Chinese materia medica].

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Huang, Lu-qi; Qian, Dan; Deng, Chao

2015-01-01

Based on the current shortage of genuine/false authentication and quality evaluation in the molecular identification, and the weak functional gene research in the establishment of two-dimensional molecular markering methods for Chinese materia medica, the authors proposed a new method, the bimolecular marking methods (BIMM) for Chinese materia medica, combining DNA marker and metabolomics marker, that could simultaneously research the species and quality differences at the molecular level at the present stage. The authors introduced the concept, principle, methods, and technical process of BIMM, and summarized the technical advantages in this paper. Meanwhile, the application of BIMM in the identification of multiple sources of Chinese materia medica, years-identification, different locations, elite germplasm research, discovery of new drugs resources, protection of new varieties was also discussed. As a supplement of two-dimensional molecular markering method for Chinese materia medica, BIMM would not only expand connotation of identification of Chinese materia medica but also provide another effective way for quality evaluating.

[Application of synthetic biology to sustainable utilization of Chinese materia medica resources].

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Huang, Lu-Qi; Gao, Wei; Zhou, Yong-Jin

2014-01-01

Bioactive natural products are the material bases of Chinese materia medica resources. With successful applications of synthetic biology strategies to the researches and productions of taxol, artemisinin and tanshinone, etc, the potential ability of synthetic biology in the sustainable utilization of Chinese materia medica resources has been attracted by many researchers. This paper reviews the development of synthetic biology, the opportunities of sustainable utilization of Chinese materia medica resources, and the progress of synthetic biology applied to the researches of bioactive natural products. Furthermore, this paper also analyzes how to apply synthetic biology to sustainable utilization of Chinese materia medica resources and what the crucial factors are. Production of bioactive natural products with synthetic biology strategies will become a significant approach for the sustainable utilization of Chinese materia medica resources.

[Status and suggestions for adjuvant standard for Chinese materia medica processing in China].

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Yang, Chun-Yu; Cao, Hui; Wang, Xiao-Tao; Tu, Jia-Sheng; Qian, Zhong-Zhi; Yu, Zhi-Ling; Shang, Yue; Zhang, Bao-Xian

2017-04-01

In this paper, the status of adjuvant standard for Chinese materia medica processing in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition, the National Specification of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, and the 29 provincial specification of Chinese materia medica was summarized, and the the status including general requirements, specific requirements, and quality standard in the three grade official specifications was collected and analyzed according to the "medicine-adjuvant homology" and "food-adjuvant homology" features of adjuvants. This paper also introduced the research situation of adjuvant standard for Chinese materia medica processing in China; In addition, analyzed and discussed the problems existing in the standard system of adjuvant for Chinese materia medica processing, such as lack of general requirements, low level of standard, inconsistent standard references, and lack of research on the standard, and provided suggestions for the further establishment of the national standards system of adjuvant for Chinese materia medica processing. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

[Design and implementation of information management system for Chinese materia medica resources survey].

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Wang, Hui; Zhang, Xiao-Bo; Ge, Xiao-Guang; Jin, Yan; Jing, Zhi-Xian; Wang, Ling; Zhao, Yu-Ping; Guo, Lan-Ping; Huang, Lu-Qi

2017-11-01

By means of the established Information Management System for Chinese materia medica resources survey, the national, provincial and county level organization, personnel and the implementation of the program of Chinese materia medica resources survey, and the survey team of medicinal plant investigation, photos, Chinese herbal medicine market survey, the traditional Chinese materia medica resources knowledge survey, germplasm resources investigation and the data collation and summary specimen have been realised. Throughout the whole working process of the fourth national Chinese materia medica resources survey, it is ensured that all data were no missing, no repeat, and well stored and managed. The Information Management System can improve the standardization degree of Chinese materia medica resources survey, and maintain the continuity. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

[Textual research on adulteration of Chinese materia medica in ancient China].

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Xie, Jin; Wang, De-Qun

2013-09-01

By investigating the mainstream works of herbal classics of successive ages, it is found that adulteration of Chinese materia medica appeared early in ancient China. The main methods of adulteration was producing fraud medicines in the Northern-Southern Dynasties, fake medicines began to appear in the Tang Dynasty, and status of adulteration of Chinese materia medica ran unchecked since the Ming and Qing Dynasty. By statistics, there were 76 kinds of adulteration varieties before the Republican period. The main varieties were precious drugs, animal drugs and artifacts. Commonly methods used in the process included forging and adulterating, dealing with 11 kinds and 68 kinds respectively. Adulteration probably lead to the result of imposing the changes of the used medicinal parts of Herba Pogostemonis; Radix Aconiti Lateralis prepared by adding salt, Radix Angelica Sinensis processed by wine, and Radix Astragalis seu Hedysaris processed with bee honey. However, the root cause of adulteration in Chinese materia medica was the dissociation of professional physician and pharmacist, resulting in the ignorance of medical practitioners became unable to recognize Chinese materia medica; and the immorality of medicinal merchants. Besides, rating the quality of materia medica based on its producing areas without differentiating the false from the genuine may also contribute to this result passively.

[Design and implementation of data reporting system for Chinese materia medica resources survey].

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Wang, Hui; Zhang, Xiao-Bo; Ge, Xiao-Guang; Jing, Zhi-Xian; Wang, Ling; Zhao, Yu-Ping; Guo, Lan-Ping; Huang, Lu-Qi

2017-11-01

The collection, summary and sharing of all kinds of survey data are one of the main tasks and achievements in the national census of Chinese materia medica resources organized and implemented by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It is a key link in the implementation of the national census of Chinese materia medica resources. Based on the client / server architecture, the data reporting system for Chinese materia medica resources survey has been established for reporting system application model of geospatial data service based on Web implementation, through the SOA framework, to achieve the data collection summary of the seven aspects of the local data configuration, data reporting, data verification, data reporting, PDA data import and export, APP data import, track instrument data import. The system services include the general investigation, the focus of investigation, specimen information, herbs sample information, market research, germplasm survey, traditional knowledge survey of these seven aspects of the 312 indicators of the report, serving the Chinese materia medica resource survey of field survey data collection and internal data collation. The system provides the technical support for the national census of Chinese materia medica resources, improves the efficiency of the census of Chinese materia medica resources, and is conducive to the long-term preservation of the data of Chinese materia medica resources census, the transformation and sharing of the results. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

[Rapid assessment of critical quality attributes of Chinese materia medica (II): strategy of NIR assignment].

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Pei, Yan-Ling; Wu, Zhi-Sheng; Shi, Xin-Yuan; Zhou, Lu-Wei; Qiao, Yan-Jiang

2014-09-01

The present paper firstly reviewed the research progress and main methods of NIR spectral assignment coupled with our research results. Principal component analysis was focused on characteristic signal extraction to reflect spectral differences. Partial least squares method was concerned with variable selection to discover characteristic absorption band. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy was mainly adopted for spectral assignment. Autocorrelation peaks were obtained from spectral changes, which were disturbed by external factors, such as concentration, temperature and pressure. Density functional theory was used to calculate energy from substance structure to establish the relationship between molecular energy and spectra change. Based on the above reviewed method, taking a NIR spectral assignment of chlorogenic acid as example, a reliable spectral assignment for critical quality attributes of Chinese materia medica (CMM) was established using deuterium technology and spectral variable selection. The result demonstrated the assignment consistency according to spectral features of different concentrations of chlorogenic acid and variable selection region of online NIR model in extract process. Although spectral assignment was initial using an active pharmaceutical ingredient, it is meaningful to look forward to the futurity of the complex components in CMM. Therefore, it provided methodology for NIR spectral assignment of critical quality attributes in CMM.

[Management of Chinese materia medica market based on information asymmetry].

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Yang, Guang; Wang, Nuo; Guo, Lan-Ping; Wang, Yong-Yan; Huang, Lu-Qi; Liu, Jin-Xin

2013-12-01

Pharmaceutical market is a typical market with information asymmetry, and which can lead to "lemons" problem. In all developed countries, firms must receive regulatory approval to market a pharmaceutical product. Such administrative department including SFDA, EMA, FDA and so on. Chinese materia medica is a special part of pharmaceutical market in China. The management of Chinese materia medica is a special challenge in China.

What has been overlooked on study of Chinese materia medica in the West?

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Liu, Willow J H

2015-07-01

Chinese materia medica (CMM), including Chinese herbal, animal, and mineral medicine, has been widely researched in the past century for their biological and pharmacological activities. However, their mechanism and clinical efficacy studies did not always give expected results. For example, the most commonly used Chinese herb for menstrual disorders, Radix Angelicae sinensis, showed neither estrogenic nor progesteronic activity in laboratory and clinical studies. Its efficacy should not be denied simply based on such results, because it is mostly used together with other herbs in formulae. Moreover, its regulation on menstruation may take effect through other mechanisms, such as regulation of blood circulation. The key difference of Chinese medicine (CM) from conventional medicine is its unique holistic view on human body and diseases. CMM is mostly applied in clinic in the form of formulae. Study on individual CMM, simply using methods for development of conventional drugs, is unable to thoroughly reveal the power of CMM formulae. The reason may partly result from improper design due to the lack understanding about application principle of CMMs in CM, and/or to current lack of knowledge about the causes of some symptoms and diseases. This paper will introduce the importance of qi and blood in CM etiology and pathology, Zheng differentiation, formulation of CMMs, and explain why one formula can treat different diseases and one disease can be treated with different formulae. Examples in the paper will demonstrate that proper studies on Zheng and its corresponding clinically proven formulae could help scientists find new direction to explain and treat symptoms and diseases that so far modern medicine has been unable to, provided that the designer properly understands CM theories, etiology and pathology of CM, as well as modern medicine. Strategy suggestions about research methods for CMM and its formulae will be given at the end.

[Research on Japanese monograph of comprehensive dietetic materia medica, the Pao chu bei yong wo ming ben cao (Japanese Materia Medica Prepared for Kitchen)].

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Zhou, M; Ye, J

2017-11-28

Japanese physicians of Edo Period (1603-1867) wrote many dietetic books, by combining the knowledge system (content and compiling style) and thoughts of diet therapy from China with local condition in Japan. Among them, the Pao chu bei yong wo ming ben cao ( Japanese Materia Medica Prepared for Kitchen ), written by Mukai Genshou, a physician in the early Edo, is the earliest comprehensive work of dietetic materia medica. In this book, the choice and usage of Japanese dietetic materia medica reveals obvious Japanese local color, including the name, morphology, cultivation, collection, identification, nature and flavor, and indication etc., reflecting the sprouting idea of edible herbal plant at the beginning of Edo period and the characteristic of absorbing Chinese diet thoughts by Japanese physician. This is the important first-hand historical material to understand the development of Japanese dietetic herbalism in early Edo and its dietotherapy culture.

[The research on the edition of Daquanbencao (Complete Collection of Materia Medica)].

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Li, Jian; Zhang, Wei; Zhang, Rui-xian

2009-07-01

Zhengleibencao (Classified Materia Medica) had been formed into several kinds of edition systems during its dissemination, among which there was the edition system of Daquanbencao (Complete Collection of Materia Medica). Daquanbencao was originally carved in the Jin dynasty, thereafter it was re-carved in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties so as to form a series of editions such as the edition of Zhenyou in the second year of the Jin dynasty; the edition of the Zongwenshuyuan college in Dade renyan year of the Yuan dynasty; the WANG Qiu's carved edition of Shangyitang hall in the Ming dynasty; the carved edition of Jishanshuyuan, the Jishang mountain college in the Ming dynasty, the reprinted edition of PENG Duan-wu in the Ming dynasty, the supplementary edition of YANG Bi-da in the Qing dynasty;, and the carved edition of KE Feng-shi in the Qing dynasty. Among all the editions, Chongkanjingshizhengleidaquanbencao (Reprinted Classified Daquan Materia Medica from Historical Classics) was the representative one. As a representative of the above editions, the carved edition of WANG took the edition of the Zongwenshuyuan college of the Yuan dynasty as the original edition, but the images picture of materia medica adopted from the edition of Zhenghebencao (Materia Medica of the Zhenghe era).

[Application of zebrafish model organism in the research of Chinese materia medica].

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Chen, Lei; Liu, Yi; Liang, Sheng-Wang

2012-04-01

Zebrafish has become an important model organism in many fields of biomedical studies and been increasingly used in Chinese materia medica studies in recent years. This article summarized the achievements and prospect for zebrafish as a pharmacological and toxicological tool in the study and development of Chinese materia medica.

[Discuss on effect of physical environmental factors on nature of Chinese materia medica].

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Tang, Shihuan; Yang, Hongjun; Huang, Luqi

2010-01-01

Nature of Chinese materia medica is the nucleus in the theory of Chinese material medica, according to the recognition of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which is the character of the drug related on curative effect. Nature and efficacy of a drug is through the medical material, then, physical environment, including the temperature, humidity, atmospheric water, wind, topography, soil, micro-organism, and so on, influence the growth and development of the medical meterial. In this paper, we researched the explanation on nature of Chinese materia medica in the medical books of past dynasties, combined with the modem research, analyzed the relationship between generative reception and physical environmental factors, and discussed the effect of physical environmental factors on nature of Chinese materia medica. We indicated that the formation of Chinese materia medical nature is that the drug receptive the change of physical environmental factors, and resulted by the synthetic action of the factors, such as climate, soil, biology, topography, etc.

[Research progress on standards of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica and discussion on several key problems].

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Yang, Guang; Zeng, Yan; Guo, Lan-Ping; Huang, Lu-Qi; Jin, Yan; Zheng, Yu-Guang; Wang, Yong-Yan

2014-05-01

Standards of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica is an important way to solve the "Lemons Problem" of traditional Chinese medicine market. Standards of commodity classes are also helpful to rebuild market mechanisms for "high price for good quality". The previous edition of commodity classes standards of Chinese materia medica was made 30 years ago. It is no longer adapted to the market demand. This article researched progress on standards of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica. It considered that biological activity is a better choice than chemical constituents for standards of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica. It is also considered that the key point to set standards of commodity classes is finding the influencing factors between "good quality" and "bad quality". The article also discussed the range of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica, and how to coordinate standards of pharmacopoeia and commodity classes. According to different demands, diversiform standards can be used in commodity classes of Chinese materia medica, but efficacy is considered the most important index of commodity standard. Decoction pieces can be included in standards of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica. The authors also formulated the standards of commodity classes of Notoginseng Radix as an example, and hope this study can make a positive and promotion effect on traditional Chinese medicine market related research.

[Construction of biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica].

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Liu, Yang; Wei, Li; Dong, Ling; Zhu, Mei-Ling; Tang, Ming-Min; Zhang, Lei

2014-12-01

Based on the characteristics of multicomponent of traditional Chinese medicine and drawing lessons from the concepts, methods and techniques of biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) in chemical field, this study comes up with the science framework of biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica (CMMBCS). Using the different comparison method of multicomponent level and the CMMBCS method of overall traditional Chinese medicine, the study constructs the method process while setting forth academic thoughts and analyzing theory. The basic role of this system is clear to reveal the interaction and the related absorption mechanism of multicomponent in traditional Chinese medicine. It also provides new ideas and methods for improving the quality of Chinese materia medica and the development of new drug research.

UHPLC/Q-TOFMS-based metabolomics for the characterization of cold and hot properties of Chinese materia medica.

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Wang, Yang; Zhou, Shujun; Wang, Meng; Liu, Shuying; Hu, Yuanjia; He, Chengwei; Li, Peng; Wan, Jian-Bo

2016-02-17

The cold/hot property of Chinese materia medica (CMM) and the application of its corresponding knowledge in the diagnosis, differentiation and treatment of diseases have been considered to be the extremely important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). As highly abstracted TCM theory, the cold/hot property of CMMs is still not fully understood and remains to be elucidated by systems biology approach. The cold and hot properties of CMM are mainly defined by the response of the body to a given CMM. Metabolomics is a promising systems biology method to profile entire endogenous metabolites and monitor their fluctuations related to an exogenous stimulus. Thus, a metabolomics approach was applied to characterize the cold and hot properties of CMMs. Mice were intragastrically administered three selected cold property CMMs (i.e., Rheum palmatum L., radix et rhizoma; Coptis chinensis Franch, rhizome and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, radix) and three hot property CMMs (i.e., Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl, cortex; Zingiber officinale Roscoe, rhizoma and Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth., fructus) once daily for one week. The comprehensive metabolome changes in the plasma of mice after treatment with cold or hot property CMMs were characterized by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS), and the potential biomarkers related to cold and hot properties of CMM were explored. Metabolites perturbation in plasma occurs after treatment with cold CMMs and hot CMMs in mice, and 15 and 16 differential biomarkers were identified to be associated with the cold and hot properties of CMMs, respectively. Among them, LPC (18:0), LPC (18:1), LPC (20:4) and LPC (20:5) showed decreased trends in the cold property CMM treated groups, but increased in the hot property CMM treated groups. There is a strong connection between the cold/hot property of CMMs and lysophosphatidylcholines metabolism. This study offers new insight

Ten Steps to Improve Quality of the Journal Materia Socio-Medica.

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Donev, Doncho M; Masic, Izet

2017-03-01

Materia Socio-Medica is one of the oldest public health journals in Europe, established in 1978, and among the most important journals for public health in South-Eastern Europe. The Journal covers all important public health professional, academic and research areas in this field. The aim of the paper is to analyze the journal articles and statistical facts in 2016 and to point out the directions for action and planned further activities for improving the quality of the published papers and visibility of the journal. Review and analysis of documentation and production of the journal, evidence of submitted and rejected manuscripts and published papers in 2016. Total number of 111 articles was published in Materia Socio-Medica during 2016. The most of them were original articles (64,5%). Articles from the fields of Health promotion and prevention were predominant (82,7%), which is one of the primary scope of the journal. Authors of the published articles in 2016 are dispersed to three continents (Europe, Asia and North America) and 15 different countries. The largest number of articles was submitted by authors from the country of origin of the journal, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The acceptance rate of Materia Socioi-Medica in 2016 was 35.7%. Total number of 116 reviewers participated in the manuscript review process in 2016. Materia Socio-Medica will continue to improve the quality of the published papers in 2017 and beyond through education of potential authors, reviewers and Editorial Board members, quality selection of reviewers, supportive editing of articles, and clearly defining instructions and ethical standards of the journal.

[Study on differences between pharmacokinetics and chromatopharmacodynamics for Chinese materia medica formulae].

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He, Fuyuan; Deng, Kaiwen; Zou, Huan; Qiu, Yun; Chen, Feng; Zhou, Honghao

2011-01-01

To study on the differences between chromatopharmacokinetics (pharmacokinetics with fingerprint chromatography) and chromatopharmacodynamics (pharmacodynamics with fingerprint chromatography) of Chinese materia medica formulae to answer the question whether the pharmacokinetic parameters of multiple composites can be utilized to guide the medication of multiple composites. On the base of established four chromatopharmacology (pharmacology with chromatographic fingerprint), the pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics were analyzed comparably on their mathematical model and parameter definition. On the basis of quantitative pharmacology, the function expressions and total statistical parameters, such as total zero moment, total first moment, total second moment of the pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics were analyzed to the common expressions and elucidated results for single and multiple components in Chinese materia medica formulae. Total quantitative pharmacokinetic, i.e., chromatopharmacokinetic parameter were decided by each component pharmacokinetic parameters, whereas the total quantitative pharmacodynamic, i.e., chromatopharmacodynamic parameter were decided by both of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of each components. The pharmacokinetic parameters were corresponded to pharmacodynamic parameters with an existing stable effective coefficient when the constitutive ratio of each composite was a constant. The effects of Chinese materia medica were all controlled by pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic coefficient. It is a special case that the pharmacokinetic parameter could independently guide the clinical medication for single component whereas the chromatopharmacokinetic parameters are not applied to the multiple drug combination system, and not be used to solve problems of chromatopharmacokinetic of Chinese materia medica formulae.

[Revision to origin of northern Artemisia argyi in Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao gangmu)].

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Huang, Lu-qi; Qiu, Le

2014-12-01

The origin of northern Artemisia argyi recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica(Bencao gangmu) is Fudao(Chinese characters) in Tangyin county, While there is only Fudao(Chinese characters) instead of Fudao(Chinese characters). Whether indeed Fudao(Chinese characters) is Fudao(Chinese characters)? By reviewing the genuine evolution of A. argyi, doing textual research on Fudao(Chinese characters) and combing with field survey data of national census of Chinese Materia Medica resources, this paper concluded that the word Fudao(Chinese characters) firstly emerged in Figure Canon of Chinese Materia Medica(Bencao tujing) of Susong in Song dynasty and was applied in later generations, but the implication was not clear, then emerged both Tangyin and Fudao(Chinese characters) in Compendium of Materia Medica(Bencao gangmu). The place Fudao(Chinese characters) is one of the graves of Bianque, that existed from Shang and Zhou dynasty and never changed until now, the A. argyi of Tangyin was famous from the grave of Bianque in Fudao(Chinese characters), which could infer that Lishizhen considered Fudao (Chinese characters) was Fudao(Chinese characters) indeed, and the origin of northern A. argyi was Fudao(Chinese characters) in Tangyin county.

[Differences of bi-directional regulative effects between acu-moxibustion and Chinese materia medica interventions].

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Cao, Xin; Yu, Zhi; Xu, Bin

2012-10-01

Bi-directional regulation is referred to a balancing effect of both acu-moxibustion and Chinese materia medica interventions when the human body is experiencing a hyperactivity or hypoactivity due to abnormal intrinsic or external factors. In the present paper, the authors analyze their identical and different characteristics from: 1) definition; 2) characters of regulative effects of acu-moxibustion therapy: A) differentiation of meridian and zangfu-organs being the basis of treatment, B) four factors (acupoint-location, body's functional state, acupoint-formula and needle-manipulation techniques) dependant, C) entirety regulation, and D) centrotaxis modulation; 3) characters of Chinese materia medica intervention: including a) correspondence between the drug property and the syndrome being the basis of the regulative effect, b) multi-factors [components (antagonist and agonist), combination, dosages and processing quality of Chinese materia medica, and functional state of the human body] dependant, c) entirety regulation, and d) both centrotaxis and deviation adjustment. In one word, the bi-directional regulation effect is one of the basic characteristics of both acu-moxibustion and Chinese materia medica in clinical practice, but their basis and modes for inducing effects are different.

[Application of bioassay in quality control of Chinese materia medica-taking Radix Isatidis as an example].

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Yan, Dan; Ren, Yongshen; Luo, Jiaoyang; Li, Hanbing; Feng, Xue; Xiao, Xiaohe

2010-10-01

Bioassay, which construct the characteristics consistents with Chinese medical science, is the core mode and methods for the quality control of Chinese materia medica. Taking the bioassay of Radix Isatidis as an example, the contribution, status and application of bioassay in the quality control of Chinese materia medica were introduced in this article, and two key issue (the selection of reference and measurement methods) in the process of establishing bioassay were also explained. This article expects to provide a reference for the development and improvement of the bioassay of Chinese materia medica in a practical manipulation level.

A comparison of medicinal plant use in Sardinia and Sicily-De Materia Medica revisited?

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Leonti, Marco; Casu, Laura; Sanna, Francesca; Bonsignore, Leonardo

2009-01-21

Written records of oral medical traditions have had significant impact on the development of medicine and the pharmacopoeias. Modern ethnobotanical studies in Europe and the Mediterranean region, however, have so far largely overlooked the richness and accuracy of historic sources and ignored their probable influence on the development of today's local traditional medicines. Here, we explore the common fundament of traditional knowledge for the medicinal plant uses in Sardinia and Sicily by comparing the selection of medicinal species and specific uses with those of Dioscorides' De Materia Medica. We use (i) a quantification of citations for medicinal species mentioned in ethnobotanical studies conducted in Sardinia and Sicily (ii) a comparison of the flora and medicinal flora with a chi(2)-test (iii) a binomial approach recently introduced into ethnobotany (iv) a comparison of the most frequently used species with the indications cited in Dioscorides' De Materia Medica (v) and a crosscheck of all mentioned species with their appearance in Berendes' translation of De Materia Medica. We identified a core group of 170 medicinal species used on either islands, which accumulate 74% of all citations and are best represented in De Materia Medica. The 15 most frequently used species of both islands demonstrate intriguing parallels for indications with Dioscorides' work. The ethnopharmacopoeia of Sicily and Sardinia are shallow stereotypes of the different editions of De Materia Medica and talking of oral tradition in this respect is a contradiction. The medicinal species of Sardinia and Sicily are largely widespread and common species, including many weeds, which are not facing threat of extinction. Therefore, using traditional medicinal practices as an argument for conservation biology or vice versa is not scientifically sound.

[Data validation methods and discussion on Chinese materia medica resource survey].

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Zhang, Yue; Ma, Wei-Feng; Zhang, Xiao-Bo; Zhu, Shou-Dong; Guo, Lan-Ping; Wang, Xing-Xing

2013-07-01

From the beginning of the fourth national survey of the Chinese materia medica resources, there were 22 provinces have conducted pilots. The survey teams have reported immense data, it put forward the very high request to the database system construction. In order to ensure the quality, it is necessary to check and validate the data in database system. Data validation is important methods to ensure the validity, integrity and accuracy of census data. This paper comprehensively introduce the data validation system of the fourth national survey of the Chinese materia medica resources database system, and further improve the design idea and programs of data validation. The purpose of this study is to promote the survey work smoothly.

[The application of metabonomics in modern studies of Chinese materia medica].

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Chen, Hai-Bin; Zhou, Hong-Guang; Yu, Xiao-Yi

2012-06-01

Metabonomics, a newly developing subject secondary to genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, is an important constituent part of systems biology. It is believed to be the final direction of the systems biology. It can be directly applied to understand the physiological and biochemical states by its "metabolome profile" as a whole. Therefore, it can provide a huge amount of information different from those originating from other "omics". In the modernization of Chinese materia medica research, the application of metabonomics methods and technologies has a broad potential for future development. Especially it is of important theoretical significance and application value in holistic efficacies evaluation, active ingredients studies, and safety research of Chinese materia medica.

[Important application of intestinal transporters and metabolism enzymes on gastrointestinal disposal of active ingredients of Chinese materia medica].

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Bi, Xiaolin; Du, Qiu; Di, Liuqing

2010-02-01

Oral drug bioavailability depends on gastrointestinal absorption, intestinal transporters and metabolism enzymes are the important factors in drug gastrointestinal absorption and they can also be induced or inhibited by the active ingredients of Chinese materia medica. This article presents important application of intestinal transporters and metabolism enzymes on gastrointestinal disposal of the active ingredients of Chinese materia medica, and points out the importance of research on transport and metabolism of the active ingredients of Chinese materia medica in Chinese extract and Chinese medicinal formulae.

Identification of species and materia medica within Angelica L. (Umbelliferae) based on phylogeny inferred from DNA barcodes.

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Yuan, Qing-Jun; Zhang, Bin; Jiang, Dan; Zhang, Wen-Jing; Lin, Tsai-Yun; Wang, Nian-He; Chiou, Shu-Jiau; Huang, Lu-Qi

2015-03-01

DNA barcodes have been increasingly used in authentication of medicinal plants, while their wide application in materia medica is limited in their accuracy due to incomplete sampling of species and absence of identification for materia medica. In this study, 95 leaf accessions of 23 species (including one variety) and materia medica of three Pharmacopoeia-recorded species of Angelica in China were collected to evaluate the effectiveness of four DNA barcodes (rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA and ITS). Our results showed that ITS provided the best discriminatory power by resolving 17 species as monophyletic lineages without shared alleles and exhibited the largest barcoding gap among the four single barcodes. The phylogenetic analysis of ITS showed that Levisticum officinale and Angelica sinensis were sister taxa, which indicates that L. officinale should be considered as a species of Angelica. The combination of ITS + rbcL + matK + trnH-psbA performed slight better discriminatory power than ITS, recovering 23 species without shared alleles and 19 species as monophyletic clades in ML tree. Authentication of materia medica using ITS revealed that the decoction pieces of A. sinensis and A. biserrata were partially adulterated with those of L. officinale, and the temperature around 80 °C processing A. dahurica decoction pieces obviously reduced the efficiency of PCR and sequencing. The examination of two cultivated varieties of A. dahurica from different localities indicated that the four DNA barcodes are inefficient for discriminating geographical authenticity of conspecific materia medica. This study provides an empirical paradigm in identification of medicinal plants and their materia medica using DNA barcodes. © 2014 The Authors. Molecular Ecology Resources Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

[Essential procedure and key methods for survey of traditional knowledge related to Chinese materia medica resources].

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Cheng, Gong; Huang, Lu-qi; Xue, Da-yuan; Zhang, Xiao-bo

2014-12-01

The survey of traditional knowledge related to Chinese materia medica resources is the important component and one of the innovative aspects of the fourth national survey of the Chinese materia medica resources. China has rich traditional knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the comprehensive investigation of TCM traditional knowledge aims to promote conservation and sustainable use of Chinese materia medica resources. Building upon the field work of pilot investigations, this paper introduces the essential procedures and key methods for conducting the survey of traditional knowledge related to Chinese materia medica resources. The essential procedures are as follows. First is the preparation phrase. It is important to review all relevant literature and provide training to the survey teams so that they have clear understanding of the concept of traditional knowledge and master key survey methods. Second is the field investigation phrase. When conducting field investigations, survey teams should identify the traditional knowledge holders by using the 'snowball method', record the traditional knowledge after obtaining prior informed concerned from the traditional knowledge holders. Researchers should fill out the survey forms provided by the Technical Specification of the Fourth National Survey of Chinese Materia Medica Resources. Researchers should pay particular attention to the scope of traditional knowledge and the method of inheriting the knowledge, which are the key information for traditional knowledge holders and potential users to reach mutual agreed terms to achieve benefit sharing. Third is the data compilation and analysis phrase. Researchers should try to compile and edit the TCM traditional knowledge in accordance with intellectual property rights requirements so that the information collected through the national survey can serve as the basic data for the TCM traditional knowledge database. The key methods of the survey include regional

[History and development of carbonization of Chinese materia medica and exploration on its mechanism of hemostatic action].

Science.gov (United States)

He, R J; Diao, T M; DU, D

2017-03-28

The first material recorded about hair charcoal is seen in Nei jing ( Inner Canon ). It has a history of over 2 000 years for the carbonization of Chinese materia medica. There were controversies on this matter and its clinical application was seldom seen and underdeveloped. After the Yuan Dynasty, the main theory of carbonic herbs for hemostasis, and keeping the nature of the medicines after carbonization was gradually formed, and physicians of generations began to conduct in-depth research. Through repeated practice and verification, people summed up the suitable species of Chinese materia medica and its principle for carbonization. The methods and degree of carbonization of Chinese materia medica are reasonably discussed, with its principle and basis for application primarily interpreted.

[Preliminary investigation on the materia medica of the Zhuang ethnic group].

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Rong, Xiao-Xiang; Li, Gui

2013-09-01

By Zhuang materia medica, it refers to application of medicines under the instructions of medical theory of Zhuang ethnic group. By studying the pronunciation of the Zhuang language for the terms "zhu yu", "bai jiu", and "mi gu" included in the shan hai jing nan shan jing (The Classic of Southern Mountain in Classic of Seas and Mountains) carried out by the Zhuang scholar Qin Bao-lin, it was concluded that the Zhuang minority already applied medicines early in the pre-Qin period. Through extensive cultural communication in different regions in the Wei-Jin-Southern-Northern Dynasties, the medicinal experiences of the Zhuang ethnic group appeared in ancient literature. The antidotes in Zhou hou fang (Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency), for instance, were mostly coming from the Southern Ridge area. Since the Sui-Tang Dynasties, many materia medica recorded in the herbal works and regional gazetteers, and Annals such as the Guangxi Annals, Gazetteer of Nanning County, and Gazetteer of Liuzhou County, Gazetteer of Binzhou County etc., also carry medicines such as Cinnamom twigs and bark, and mangosteen etc., which are similar to those of the Zhuang medicines. In the Republican period, many manuscripts of Zhuang medicines appeared. After 1949, many institutions of Zhuang medicine were set up successively, including The Nanning Medical Institute, The Medical Institute of Wuzhou, The Medical Institute of Guilin. Systematic researches were also done, with publication of a series of works on Zhuang materia medica. Reformation of part of the prescription forms of Zhuang medicine were also accomplished.

Authentication of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma and other two Chinese Materia Medica of the Liliaceae family by pharmacognosy technique with GC-MS analysis.

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Liu, Yingjiao; Liu, Canhuang; Yu, Yafei; Xu, Bei; Gong, Limin; Zeng, Xiaoyan; Xiao, Lan; Cheng, Qilai; Liu, Tasi

2015-02-01

Yuzhu (Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma), Kangdingyuzhu (Polygonati Prattii Rhizoma), and zhugenqiyuzhu (Disporopsis Fuscopictae Rhizoma) are of the same family, but of different genera. They have all often used in Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) as Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma in China market. Three species of CMM are confused. For better application, we need to identify these plants accurately. This study use pharmacognosy technique and GC-MS analysis, three species of CMM were authenticated. In macroscopic characteristics, the fruit of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma is blue-black, while the other two are maroon and dark purple orderly. Nodes of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma are upward and light uplift, about 1 cm spacing, while the other are not. As for microscopic characteristics, the cortex of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma only occupies about 1/5 of the radius of the transverse section with inconspicuous endodermis, which is much smaller than others. The type of vascular bundles of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma is closed collateral, but the other is amphivasal. Raphides of calcium oxalate are scattered, but Raphides of the other two are like brooms and neat rows. GC-MS analysis of essential oil could provide different characteristics to distinguish three species. Twenty-three compounds were identified from essential oil of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma and the main components were n-hexadecanoic acid (49.45%), while n-hexadecanoic acid of the other two are 23.92% and 9.45%. The content of n-hexadecanoic is strongly different. This research was aimed to establish a method by pharmacognosy and GC-MS analysis to identify three CMM and for providing scientifical data to ensure accuracy of origin of three species. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

[Suitable investigation method of exploration and suggestions for investigating Chinese materia medica resources from wetland and artificial water of Hongze Lake region].

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Liu, Rui; Yan, Hui; Duan, Jin-Ao; Liu, Xing-Jian; Ren, Quan-Jin; Li, Hui-Wei; Bao, Bei-Hua; Zhang, Zhao-Hui

2016-08-01

According to the technology requirements of the fourth national survey of Chinese Materia Medica resources (pilot), suitable investigation method of exploration and suggestions for investigating Chinese Materia Medica resources was proposed based on the type of wetland and artificial water of Hongze Lake region. Environment of Hongze Lake and overview of wetland, present situation of ecology and vegetation and vegetation distribution were analyzed. Establishment of survey plan, selection of sample area and sample square and confirmation of representative water area survey plan were all suggested. The present study provide references for improving Chinese materia medica resources survey around Hongze Lake, and improving the technical specifications. It also provide references for investigating Chinese Materia Medica resources survey on similar ecological environment under the condition of artificial intervention. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

[Investigation on pattern of quality control for Chinese materia medica based on famous-region drug and bioassay--the work reference].

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, Dan; Xiao, Xiaohe

2011-05-01

Selection and standardization of the work reference are the technical issues to be faced with in the bioassay of Chinese materia medica. Taking the bioassay of Coptis chinensis. as an example, the manufacture process of the famous-region drugs extraction was explained from the aspects of original identification, routine examination, component analysis and bioassay. The common technologies were extracted, and the selection and standardization procedures of the work reference for the bioassay of Chinese materia medica were drawn up, so as to provide technical support for constructing a new mode and method of the quality control of Chinese materia medica based on the famous-region drugs and bioassay.

[Recent advances of synthetic biology for production of functional ingredients in Chinese materia medica].

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Su, Xin-Yao; Xue, Jian-Ping; Wang, Cai-Xia

2016-11-01

The functional ingredients in Chinese materia medica are the main active substance for traditional Chinese medicine and most of them are secondary metabolites derivatives. Until now,the main method to obtain those functional ingredients is through direct extraction from the Chinese materia medica. However, the income is very low because of the high extraction costs and the decreased medicinal plants. Synthetic biology technology, as a new and microbial approach, can be able to carry out large-scale production of functional ingredients and greatly ease the shortage of traditional Chinese medicine ingredients. This review mainly focused on the recent advances in synthetic biology for the functional ingredients production. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

[The translation and its meanings of Materia Medica Part. I in the Jejungwon].

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Junhyoung; Park, Hyoungwoo

2011-12-31

For more systematic medical education, Dr. O. R. Avison translated medical textbooks into Korean since he took charge of Jejungwon in 1893. The first book he chose was Anatomy of the Human Body. He, however, failed to see it published after losing its manuscript twice. Instead, Materia Medica Part. I was brought into the world first in 1905, for which he translated Materia Medica and Therapeutics written by John Mitchell Bruce from the U. K. At that time, this book was in widespread use in the English-speaking world as a textbook for pharmacology. It is also assumed that Avison used it as a textbook for his classes in Canada before coming to Korea. For the publication of Materia Medica Part. I, Avison did not translate Bruce's original text in full, but translated only the selected passages. He followed a principle of using Korean alphabets (Hangeul) only, but in combination with Chinese characters, if necessary. He put pharmacological terms into existing Korean equivalents or newly coined words, but also borrowed many from Japanese terms. That's because Japan moved faster to introduce Western medicine than Korea did, so that many pharmacological terms could be defined and arranged more systematically in Japanese. Moreover, Japan took such a favorable stance in the state of international affairs that many of Japanese-style terms could be introduced into Korea in most fields including medicine. By translating Materia Medica Part. I in cooperation with his disciple KIM Pilsoon after Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body, Avison tried to lay groundwork for providing medical education in Korea based on the British-American medicine. It is assumed that he took an independent stance in selecting and translating Western medical textbooks on his own rather than simply accepting the existing Chinese translation of Western medical textbooks. Despite all his efforts, he might find it difficult to translate all the Western medical terms into Korean within a short period of time

[Four properties law of nature data of Chinese materia medica in "Chinese herbal medicine (CHM)"].

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Xue-Mei; Lin, Duan-Yi; Lai, Xin-Mei; Chen, Mei-Mei; Huang, Lu-Qi

2013-05-01

In order to provide theoretical clues and data support for the use of Chinese medicine clinical drug, experimental study of Chinese materia medica and development of new resources of Chinese materia medica, the four properties as the core, the relationships of property, flavor, channel tropism and toxicity in nature data of Chinese materia medica were analyzed. The spearman rank correlation method was employed to analyze 8 356 Chinese drugs with characteristic of four properties from " Chinese Herbal Medicine" based on data level coding. It was discovered that four properties showed significant positive correlations with tastes of "pungent and sweet" , channels of "spleen" , "stomach" , "kidney" and "toxicity" , but also showed significant negative correlations with tastes of "bitter" and "light" and six channels such as "large intestine" , "heart", "bladder" , "gallbladder" , "small intestine" and "lung" (in descending order of correlation ) (P <0. 01). It was indicated that the more hot the Chinese medicine nature, the more possible it contained "toxicity" , tastes of "pungent" and "sweet" , and the more possible it was belong to channels of "spleen" , "stomach" and "kidney". As well, the more cold the Chinese medicine nature, the more possible it contained tastes of "bitter" and "light", and the more possible it was belong to six channels such as "large intestine", etc.

Review of adverse reactions to injections of Chinese materia medica.

Science.gov (United States)

Bian, Zhaoxiang; Shang, Hongcai; Cheng, Chungwah; Wu, Taixiang; Li, Youping; Zhang, Boli

2010-05-01

Using Chinese Materia Medica (CM) as injections is an innovation that is proving effective in extensive clinical use in Mainland China. However, recent reports have focused on adverse reactions, ignoring the considerable successes of these preparations. In order to achieve balance in the media and in the minds of the public, we suggest the first step is to clarify the concepts of and differences between adverse drug reactions (ADR) and adverse events (AE) for all concerned-the public, medical practitioners, government officials, and lawmakers. Second, the State Food and Drug Administration should raise the requirements for Chinese Materia Medica Injection (CMI) registration and license approval and emphasize the importance of evidence-based CMI development and evidence-based CMI license approval. Thirdly, drug companies and institutions should reinforce basic research about the quality control of herbs and CMI-drug interactions. Fourth, the Government should clarify the legal responsibilities for CMI approval agencies, CMI developers, medical doctors, and patients. Fifth, the medical association and Government should enhance training for health care professionals concerning the usage of CMIs. And finally sixth, State Food and Drug Administration should monitor the content and quality of the directions for use of CMI. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd and Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University.

[Study on biopharmaceutics classification system for Chinese materia medica of extract of Huanglian].

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Liu, Yang; Yin, Xiu-Wen; Wang, Zi-Yu; Li, Xue-Lian; Pan, Meng; Li, Yan-Ping; Dong, Ling

2017-11-01

One of the advantages of biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica (CMMBCS) is expanding the classification research level from single ingredient to multi-components of Chinese herb, and from multi-components research to holistic research of the Chinese materia medica. In present paper, the alkaloids of extract of huanglian were chosen as the main research object to explore their change rules in solubility and intestinal permeability of single-component and multi-components, and to determine the biopharmaceutical classification of extract of Huanglian from holistic level. The typical shake-flask method and HPLC were used to detect the solubility of single ingredient of alkaloids from extract of huanglian. The quantitative research of alkaloids in intestinal absorption was measured in single-pass intestinal perfusion experiment while permeability coefficient of extract of huanglian was calculated by self-defined weight coefficient method. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

[Inheritance on and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) flavor theory and TCM flavor standardization principle flavor theory in Compendium of Materia Medica].

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Wei; Zhang, Rui-xian; Li, Jian

2015-12-01

All previous literatures about Chinese herbal medicines show distinctive traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) flavors. Compendium of Materia Medica is an influential book in TCM history. The TCM flavor theory and flavor standardization principle in this book has important significance for modern TCM flavor standardization. Compendium of Materia Medica pays attention to the flavor theory, explain the relations between the flavor of medicine and its therapeutic effects by means of Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming Dynasties. However,the book has not reflected and further developed the systemic theory, which originated in the Jin and Yuan dynasty. In Compendium of Materia Medica , flavor are standardized just by tasting medicines, instead of deducing flavors. Therefore, medicine tasting should be adopted as the major method to standardize the flavor of medicine.

[Report quality evaluation of systematic review or Meta-analysis published in China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica].

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Yan; Yu, Dan-Dan; Cui, De-Hua; Liao, Xing; Guo, Hua

2018-03-01

To evaluate the report quality of intervention-related systematic reviews or Meta-analysis published in China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, we searched CNKI and China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica webpages to collect intervention-related systematic reviews or Meta-analysis since the first issue of the magazine. A total of 40 systematic reviews or Meta-analysis reports were included, including one network Meta-analysis. According to the PRISMA statement published in 2009, the report quality of the systematic reviews or Meta-analysis was evaluated. According to the results, 3 had the low quality, 30 had the medium quality, and 7 had the high quality. The average score for all of items was 30 points (21-30.5 points for the medium quality). The 17 high-quality (31-40 points) report items were title, rationale, objectives, information sources, study selection, data collection process, data items, risk of bias in individual studies, summary measures, risk of bias across studies, study selection, study characteristics, risk of bias within studies, results of individual studies, synthesis of results, risk of bias across studies and funding; the 4 medium-quality (21-30.5 points) reporting items were eligibility criteria, search, limitations and conclusions; and the 6 low-quality (Materia Medica is medium, and it is necessary to improve the quality standard of the report. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

The rise of traditional Chinese medicine and its materia medica: a comparison of the frequency and safety of materials and species used in Europe and China.

Science.gov (United States)

Williamson, Elizabeth M; Lorenc, Ava; Booker, Anthony; Robinson, Nicola

2013-09-16

Due to the global rise in the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Chinese materia medica (medicinal materials, or CMM) are giving cause for concern over their evidence base, safety/possible toxicity, questionable quality and use of endangered species of both animals and plants. However, little if anything is actually known about the range of species used to produce CMM used in Europe and even in China. This study represents the first attempt to identify and compare the most important CMM used in both regions, to begin the process of assessing the risks to public health and possible future benefits. Data were collected from a convenience sample of TCM practitioners in the EU and mainland China, using a paper/online survey. Among other questions, respondents were asked (1) which conditions they most commonly treated using CMM and the likelihood of them using herbal manufactured products and decoctions in addition to raw herbs; (2) the perceived frequency with which they observed adverse events to CMM; (3) the frequency and reasons for use of 1 herbal formula and 6 specific individual herbs; (4) an open question about other CMM they used, including materials of non-plant origin. Data were entered into PASW statistics package and analysed using frequency tables, cross-tabulations and chi-squared tests to compare EU and Chinese results. From a total of 747 useable questionnaires (420 from China, 327 from the EU) of those responding from the EU, TCM was generally more commonly used for obstetric/gynaecological and dermatological conditions, compared to neurological and gastrointestinal diseases in China. Disorders treated by Chinese practitioners were more varied, and often more serious, than those treated by their European counterparts, and the range of materials used in China was wider. The potential for toxicity was not high in either region, but although greater in China due to the use of more potent CMM, the incidence of side effects was perceived to be

META-ANALYSIS OF THE SCIENTIFIC CONTENTS OF MATERIA SOCIO-MEDICA JOURNAL IN THE PERIOD 2009-2015.

Science.gov (United States)

Masic, Izet; Begic, Edin; Zunic, Lejla; Donev, Doncho

2016-02-01

Materia Socio Medica Journal has a long history. It was founded in 1978. To evaluate journal articles in 2015 and compare findings to previous years. The study has retrospective and descriptive character, and included the period 2009-2015. A total of 99 articles were published in Materia Socio Medica during 2015 and it shows an upward trend during the period 2009-2015. Original articles are present in majority during the last seven years (69,2%). Analyzing the last seven years, 44,1% of articles were from the field of clinical medicine. Articles from the fields of public health show an upward trend during the last four years. Collaboration rate in 2015 was 0,95. Authors of the articles are from ten countries (four continents). H index of journal is 8 and g index is 12 (Publish or Perish software). According to GoogleScholar, h5 index for Materia Socio Medica is 8 and h5 median is 9. The objectives of the journal in the next year are: to become a part of the Scopus and Web of Science databases, further internationalization and promotion of the journal in the country and the region, revision and broadening of the Editorial Board, trying to follow trend in reducing the number of days required for a decision on acceptance or revision of article and involvement of the younger generation of professionals and scientists into the journal work and publishing scope, which will lead to emergence of new enthusiasm and ideas (Journal intends to follow the trends of modern biomedical publishing worldwide).

Back to the roots: A quantitative survey of herbal drugs in Dioscorides' De Materia Medica (ex Matthioli, 1568).

Science.gov (United States)

Staub, P O; Casu, L; Leonti, M

2016-09-15

De Materia Medica written by Pedanios Dioscorides (1 century CE) has shaped European and Mediterranean herbal medicine to a large extent. Despite its fundamental importance for modern medico-botanical traditions the content of this work has never been systematically assessed. We present a quantitative survey of the botanical drugs described in De Materia Medica (ex Matthioli, 1568) and identify overall therapeutic, diachronic and botanical patterns. The extracted data may serve as a baseline and help to better contextualize research on herbal drugs and phytotherapy. Therapeutic uses of herbal drugs were extracted through line-by-line reading of a digitized version of the treatise. For each plant usage mentioned in the text we recorded (I) the chapter number, (II) the putative botanical identity, (III) the plant part, (IV) the symptoms or disease, (V) the mode of administration, (VI) our biomedical interpretation of the ancient ailment or disease description as well as (VII) the organ- and symptom-defined category under which the use was filed. An introduction to Dioscorides' De Materia Medica and Matthioli's Renaissance commentary is followed by a description of the employed methodology. The results and discussion section introduces the generated database comprising 5314 unique therapeutic uses of 536 plant taxa and 924 herbal drugs. Separate subsections address salient patterns such as the frequent recommendation of Fabaceae seeds for dermatology, Apiaceae seeds as antidotes and Apiaceae exudates for neurology and psychosomatic disorders as well as the heavy reliance on subterranean parts as drugs. The therapeutic knowledge described in De Materia Medica (ex Matthioli, 1568) offers unique insights into classical Mediterranean epidemiology and herbal medicine. Drugs that lost importance over time as well as remedies used for diseases now controlled by preventive medicine and industrially produced drugs may be interesting starting points for research on herbal

The antiepileptic Materia Medica of Pediacus Dioscorides.

Science.gov (United States)

Eadie, M J

2004-09-01

Since it was written about the middle of the 1st Century AD, and up to comparatively recent times, the great Herbal, or Materia Medica, of Dioscorides provided medicine with its chief source of information about what were then considered therapeutic substances. The work contained data on various materials of botanical, biological and mineral origin which were claimed to provide benefit to sufferers from epilepsy, though often with no clear underlying rationale for their use. Some of these materials continued to be used as antiepileptic remedies over many centuries till they were finally recognised to be without useful effect in the disorder. The longest survivor amongst the Dioscoridean antiepileptic remedies was a rather esoteric one, viz. two stones taken from the belly of a young swallow during the rising phase of the moon and also whilst the swallow's parent birds were absent from the nest. The stones, or one of them, were worn against the skin of the seizure sufferer. The use of the swallow stones for epilepsy was recommended as late as in the writings of Thomas Willis (1675).

META-ANALYSIS OF THE SCIENTIFIC CONTENTS OF MATERIA SOCIO-MEDICA JOURNAL IN THE PERIOD 2009–2015

Science.gov (United States)

Masic, Izet; Begic, Edin; Zunic, Lejla; Donev, Doncho

2016-01-01

Introduction: Materia Socio Medica Journal has a long history. It was founded in 1978. Aim: To evaluate journal articles in 2015 and compare findings to previous years. Material and methods: The study has retrospective and descriptive character, and included the period 2009-2015. Results: A total of 99 articles were published in Materia Socio Medica during 2015 and it shows an upward trend during the period 2009-2015. Original articles are present in majority during the last seven years (69,2%). Analyzing the last seven years, 44,1% of articles were from the field of clinical medicine. Articles from the fields of public health show an upward trend during the last four years. Collaboration rate in 2015 was 0,95. Authors of the articles are from ten countries (four continents). H index of journal is 8 and g index is 12 (Publish or Perish software). According to GoogleScholar, h5 index for Materia Socio Medica is 8 and h5 median is 9. Conclusions: The objectives of the journal in the next year are: to become a part of the Scopus and Web of Science databases, further internationalization and promotion of the journal in the country and the region, revision and broadening of the Editorial Board, trying to follow trend in reducing the number of days required for a decision on acceptance or revision of article and involvement of the younger generation of professionals and scientists into the journal work and publishing scope, which will lead to emergence of new enthusiasm and ideas (Journal intends to follow the trends of modern biomedical publishing worldwide). PMID:27047258

Compatibility of drug property in effective components of Chinese materia medica%试论组分中药的药性配伍

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

陶丽; 陆茵; 王爱云; 陈文星

2012-01-01

中药有效组分配伍是当前开展中药现代化研究的重要模式,通过传统饮片活性组分分离及二次配伍以实现功效最大化.尽管有效组分配伍并不脱离原方的整体效应,但功效物质标准化即组分中药研究存在组分拆分简单而药性拆分困难的问题,因此需要明确组分样品库中各组分与其所属中药的性味离合关系.决定中药宏观药性的物质基础是其包含的微观化学成分,而基于化学信息学和知识发现的药性判别方法存在各自的局限性,真实客观的药性表征体系仍应回归到动态、可持续性定量反映药物与机体的相互作用结果的生物效应模型中去,在此基础上可以选择药少力专、基于药性组合的代表药对继而开展配伍组分的药性配伍规律研究,这对合理设计配伍组分及提高其有效性和安全性具有重大意义.%Effective components combination of Chinese materia medica (CMM) is an important model for study on the modernization of CMM. The maximum effectiveness could be obtained through the separation and secondary combination of the effective components in traditional processed pieces. Although the effective components combination does not break away from the overall effect of the original prescriptions, the effective components normalization, i.e. research on the effective components of CMM, faces the problems that is easy to decompose the components but hard to decompose the drug natures. Therefore, it needs to well define the relationship between the separation and reunion of each component and its CMM in sample library. The material basis for the CMM macroscopic drug natures is precisely their microscopic chemical ingredient. However, there are some respective limitations to recognize the drug natures by chemoinformatics and knowledge discovery, a real and objective characterization system for the evaluation on the natures of CMM and their components should return to the

[Investigation on pattern and methods of quality control for Chinese materia medica based on dao-di herbs and bioassay - bioassay for Coptis chinensis].

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, Dan; Xiao, Xiao-he

2011-05-01

Establishment of bioassay methods is the technical issues to be faced with in the bioassay of Chinese materia medica. Taking the bioassay of Coptis chinensis Franch. as an example, the establishment process and application of the bioassay methods (including bio-potency and bio-activity fingerprint) were explained from the aspects of methodology, principle of selection, experimental design, method confirmation and data analysis. The common technologies were extracted and formed with the above aspects, so as to provide technical support for constructing pattern and method of the quality control for Chinese materia medica based on the dao-di herbs and bioassay.

[Effect of multicomponent environment on intestinal permeability of puerarin in biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica].

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Yang; Wang, Gang; Dong, Ling; Tang, Ming-Min; Zhu, Mei-Ling; Dong, Hong-Huant; Hou, Cheng-Bo

2014-12-01

The evaluation of permeability in biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica (CMMBCS) requires multicomponent as a whole in order to conduct research, even in the study of a specific component, should also be put in the multicomponent environment. Based on this principle, the high content components in Gegen Qinlian decoction were used as multicomponent environmental impact factors in the experiment, and the relevant parameters of intestinal permeability about puerarin were measured with using in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion model, to investigate and evaluate the intestinal permeability of puerarin with other high content components. The experimental results showed that different proportions of baicalin, glycyrrhizic acid and berberine had certain influence on intestinal permeability of puerarin, and glycyrrhizic acid could significantly inhibit the intestinal absorption of puerarin, moreover, high concentration of berberine could promote the absorption of puerarin. The research results indicated that the important research ideas of permeability evaluation in biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica with fully considering the effects of other ingredients in multicomponent environment.

[Applications and approved projectsof general program, young scientist fund and fund for less developedregion of national natural science funds in discipline of Chinese materia medica, NSFC in 2012].

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Ming-Qing; Han, Li-Wei; Wu, Xiu-Hong; Bi, Ming-Gang; Shang, Hong-Cai; Liu, Yun-Fang; He, Wei-Ming; Li, Dan-Dan; Dong, Yan; Wang, Chang-En

2013-01-01

The applications accepted and approved by general program, young scientist fund and fund for less developed region of national natural science funds in the discipline of Chinese materia medica, NSFC in 2012 have been introduced. The research contents of the funded projects in the popular research areas have been summarized and the problems in the applications have been analyzed to give a reference to the scientists in the field of Chinese materia medica.

[Classes of crude drugs and its distribution of producing area in the attached illustrations in Ben cao tu jing (Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica)].

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, T; Peng, H S

2016-03-01

Ben cao tu jing (Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica) is the earliest extant atlas book of materia medica in China, with 933 attached drawings. Among them, the largest portion, amounting to 670, are herbaceous plants, mostly commonly used, with definite marks of the origin producing areas, distributed across 149 administrative divisions(prefectures and counties) of the Song Dynasty, most of them in Northern area which were distributed denser than those in Southern area. The densest ones were located in Southern Shanxi, Eastern Sichuan and Eastern Anhui. In the attached drawings, the frequency of highest occurrence appeared in this Classic are three prefectures, Chuzhou, Shizhou and Guangzhou.

[Textual research on Costus root (Aucklandia lappa Decne) in the Sheng nong ben cao jing (Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica)].

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Guangyan; Wang, Dequn; Fang, Shiying; Xu, Maohong

2014-05-01

Aucklandia lappa Decne was first recorded in the Sheng nong ben cao jing (Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica). Through the textual research of herbal literature, it was found that the costus root in the Sheng nong ben cao jing perhaps was not the plant of Aucklandia lappa Decne of Compositae, but the eaglewood or Lignum Aquilasria Resinatum based on the comprehensive judgment of shape, taste, nature, and function etc. In the Sheng nong ben cao jing, it only includes costus root without the title of eaglewood, and Tao Hongjing recorded both herbs together in his Ming yi bie lu (Supplementary Records of Celebrated Physicians), which became a foreshadow of misunderstanding of the later generations. Beginning from the Tang ben cao (Materia Medica of the Tang Dynasty), the costus root was considered as the plant of Auckiandia lappa Decne from the Compostae with its profound influence until now.

[Design and implementation of data checking system for Chinese materia medica resources survey].

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Wang, Hui; Zhang, Xiao-Bo; Ge, Xiao-Guang; Jin, Yan; Jing, Zhi-Xian; Qi, Yuan-Hua; Wang, Ling; Zhao, Yu-Ping; Wang, Wei; Guo, Lan-Ping; Huang, Lu-Qi

2017-11-01

The Chinese material medica resources (CMMR) national survey information management system has collected a large amount of data. To help dealing with data recheck, reduce the work of inside, improve the recheck of survey data from provincial and county level, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medical has designed a data checking system for Chinese material medica resources survey based on J2EE technology, Java language, Oracle data base in accordance with the SOA framework. It includes single data check, check score, content manage, check the survey data census data with manual checking and automatic checking about census implementation plan, key research information, general survey information, cultivation of medicinal materials information, germplasm resources information the medicine information, market research information, traditional knowledge information, specimen information of this 9 aspects 20 class 175 indicators in two aspects of the quantity and quality. The established system assists in the completion of the data consistency and accuracy, pushes the county survey team timely to complete the data entry arrangement work, so as to improve the integrity, consistency and accuracy of the survey data, and ensure effective and available data, which lay a foundation for providing accurate data support for national survey of the Chinese material medica resources (CMMR) results summary, and displaying results and sharing. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Alshamel fi Sana'at Tebbi'at: A Comprehensive Book on the Materia Medica.

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Mosaffa-Jahromi, Maryam; Kiani, Hossein

2016-05-01

Ala-al-din abu Al-Hassan Ali ibn Abi-Hazm al-Qarshi al-Dimashqi, known as Ibn al-Nafis (1210-1288 AD), was a Muslim Syrian physician primarily famous for being the first to describe the pulmonary circulation of the blood. The most voluminous of his books is Alshamel fi Sana'at tebbi'at, which is a comprehensive medical encyclopedia. It comprised 300 volumes of notes, from which only 80 volumes are published. His writings are cataloged in many libraries around the world. The aim of this review article, as a tribute to Ibn al-Nafis, was to introduce his valuable but neglected encyclopedia of Materia Medica. Ibn al-Nafis' traditional approach in his "Alshamel fi Sana'at tebbi'at" book is studied in the present article. Alshamel fi Sana'at tebbi'at covers three branches of knowledge. The first category is devoted to theoretical traditional medicine. The second is in four sections where much of it is not available yet. The third category is on Materia Medica covering the aspect of Unani medicine, from which only 28 volumes of the comprehensive book on the traditional medicine have been found so far. The latter, introduces mono-ingredient medications in alphabetical order. Each chapter, in several parts, is dedicated to the botanical characteristics and nature of each mono-ingredient medication. In addition, this book explains traditional pharmacokinetic of every single medication for each human body organs. Based on pharmaco-mechanistic perspective on Alshamel fi Sana'at tebbi'at, it could be considered as the main reference book on traditional medicine and pharmacy, worthy of revival.

[Experience of treatment and understanding of impediment disease in Shen nong ben cao jing (Shen-ntonz's Classic of Materia Medica)].

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Ding, Hongchang; Wang, Zhenrui

2015-01-01

As a book with significant historical materials for the research of impediment disease not to be ignored, Shen nong ben cao jing (Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica) contains, among its 365 kinds of materia medica, 75 kinds of medicines related to impediment disease. Among the latter ones, 51 are related to "damp impediment", "cold-damp impediment", "wind-cold-damp impediment", "wind impediment", "wind-damp impediment", and "cold impediment"; 16 are related to "laryngeal impediment", "general impediment", and "blood impediment"; 8 are related to "muscular impediment", "stomach impediment", "hernia-conglomeration impediment", "internal consumptive-thirst impediment", "wilting impediment", and "hemiplegic impediment". To systematically analyze the properties, tastes, and effects of these medicines and its related knowledge, and then further explore the overall recognition and their treating experience of the physicians at that period would not only enrich the historical research on impediment disease, but also offer much help and reference to the understanding and treatment of impediment for contemporary clinicians.

[New materia medica project: synthetic biology based bioactive metabolites research in medicinal plant].

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Wang, Yong

2017-03-25

In the last decade, synthetic biology research has been gradually transited from monocellular parts or devices toward more complex multicellular systems. The emerging plant synthetic biology is regarded as the "next chapter" of synthetic biology. The complex and diverse plant metabolism as the entry point, plant synthetic biology research not only helps us understand how real life is working, but also facilitates us to learn how to design and construct more complex artificial life. Bioactive compounds innovation and large-scale production are expected to be breakthrough with the redesigned plant metabolism as well. In this review, we discuss the research progress in plant synthetic biology and propose the new materia medica project to lift the level of traditional Chinese herbal medicine research.

PAT: From Western solid dosage forms to Chinese materia medica preparations using NIR-CI.

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Zhou, Luwei; Xu, Manfei; Wu, Zhisheng; Shi, Xinyuan; Qiao, Yanjiang

2016-01-01

Near-infrared chemical imaging (NIR-CI) is an emerging technology that combines traditional near-infrared spectroscopy with chemical imaging. Therefore, NIR-CI can extract spectral information from pharmaceutical products and simultaneously visualize the spatial distribution of chemical components. The rapid and non-destructive features of NIR-CI make it an attractive process analytical technology (PAT) for identifying and monitoring critical control parameters during the pharmaceutical manufacturing process. This review mainly focuses on the pharmaceutical applications of NIR-CI in each unit operation during the manufacturing processes, from the Western solid dosage forms to the Chinese materia medica preparations. Finally, future applications of chemical imaging in the pharmaceutical industry are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

[Analysis of projects funded by NSFC in field of processing Chinese materia medica in recent five years].

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Chen, Lei; Xia, Xing; He, Bo-sai; Hah, Li-wei

2015-05-01

The general situation of the approved and concluded projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China in the field of processing Chinese Materia Medica in recent five years has been reviewed. The progresses and achievements of some projects have been summarized in accordance with research area such as the processing principle, the processing technology, quality evaluation, toxicity and safety evaluation, etc. The researchers and project support units of the funded projects have been analyzed, and the problems of the applications have been also summarized.

Les gloses botaniques andalouses sur le manuscrit de Paris de la traduction arabe de la Materia Medica de Dioscorides

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ben Mrad, Ibrahim

2009-12-01

Full Text Available The following study focusses on a precious manuscript from the National Library in Paris, namely n.º 2849 of the Arabic manuscript collection. This is a manuscript of Andalusian origin of the Arabic translation of Materia Medica by Dioscorides, written in Syria at the beginning of the 13th century. Its margins are filled with glosses of synonymic nature, relating to the Greek terms of the plants described by the Greek pharmacologist and physician. These glosses, of Andalusian origin, offer a great terminological richness which is part of a large Arabic — mainly Andalusian — movement of revision and commentary of Materia Medica in Arabic. In the first part a general introduction to the manuscript is provided showing its significant value for a critical edition of the book, the glosses contained and, especially, of the Andalusian botanical glosses, insisting on their synonymic value and their terminological contribution. In a second part, a critical annotated edition of 44 glosses from the first maqāla of the book is proposed.

Se aborda en este trabajo el estudio de un precioso manuscrito de la Biblioteca Nacional de París, el n.º 2849 de los fondos árabes. Se trata de un manuscrito de origen andalusí que contiene la traducción al árabe de la Materia Medica de Dioscórides, escrito en Siria a principios del siglo XIII, cuyos márgenes están repletos de glosas de naturaleza sinonímica, relativas a los nombres griegos que reciben las plantas descritas por la farmacología griega. Estas glosas son de orígen andalusí, y ofrecen una gran riqueza terminológica que se inscribe en un amplio movimiento árabe, y más concretamente andalusí, de revisión y comentario de la traducción árabe de la Materia Medica. En la primera parte de este estudio se ofrece una presentación general del manuscrito, mostrando su valor para una reedición crítica de la obra, de las glosas que contiene y

Chinese Marine Materia Medica Resources: Status and Potential.

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Fu, Xiu-Mei; Zhang, Meng-Qi; Shao, Chang-Lun; Li, Guo-Qiang; Bai, Hong; Dai, Gui-Lin; Chen, Qian-Wen; Kong, Wei; Fu, Xian-Jun; Wang, Chang-Yun

2016-03-03

Chinese marine materia medica (CMMM) is a vital part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Compared with terrestrial TCM, CMMM, derived from specific marine habitats, possesses peculiar chemical components with unique structures reflecting as potent pharmacological activities, distinct drug properties and functions. Nowadays, CMMM appears to be especially effective in treating such difficult diseases as cancers, diabetes, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, immunodeficiency diseases and senile dementia, and therefore has become an important medicinal resource for the research and development of new drugs. In recent years, such development has attracted wide attention in the field of medicine. In this study, the CMMM resources in China were systematically investigated and evaluated. It was found that the historic experiences of Chinese people using CMMM have continuously accumulated over a period of more than 3600 years, and that the achievements of the research on modern CMMM are especially outstanding. By June 2015, 725 kinds of CMMMs from Chinese coastal sea areas have been identified and recorded, covering 1552 organisms and minerals. More than 3100 traditional prescriptions containing CMMMs have been imparted and inherited. However, the number of CMMMs is less than the 8188 terrestrial TCMs, from more than 12,100 medicinal terrestrial plants, animals and minerals. In the future, the research and development of CMMM should focus on the channel entries (TCM drug properties), compatibility, effective ingredients, acting mechanisms, drug metabolism and quality standard. This study reveals the high potential of CMMM development.

[Applications and spproved projects of general program, young scientist fund and fund for less developed region of national natural science funds in discipline of Chinese materia medica, NSFC in 2011].

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Han, Liwei; Wang, Yueyun; He, Wenbin; Zhang, Junjie; Bi, Minggang; Shang, Hongcai; Shang, Deyang; Wang, Chang'en

2012-03-01

The applications accepted and approved by general program, young scientist fund and fund for less developed region of national natural science funds in the discipline of Chinese materia medica, NSFC in 2011 have been introduced. The character and problems in these applications have been analyzed to give a reference to the scientists in the field of Chinese material medica.

Effects of Chinese Materia Medica-Fubao Danggui Jiao on experimental endometriosis.

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Sun, Xing; Chen, Lijue; Zeng, Fanbo

2011-01-01

The objective of this paper was to investigate the effects of a Chinese Materia Medica variant -Fubao Danggui Jiao (FDJ)-on experimental endometriosis. An endometriosis model was created by virtue of auto-transplantation of endometrial tissue onto rats' abdominal walls. The implants were allowed to grow for 30 days until the successful completion of the model. After that, forty endometriotic rats were randomly divided into four study groups and given different treatments: (1) negative control group (water, 2ml/kg, per os); (2) FDJ-A group (FDJ, 2ml/kg, per os); (3) FDJ-B group (FDJ, 4ml/kg, per os); (4) Danazol group (70mg/kg, per os). After 30 days with treatments, the volumes of endometriotic implants in each rat were measured. The implants and normal uterine horns were removed for routine histological examination. FDJ caused significant decreases in volumes of the surviving endometriotic implants, with two different doses having statistically equivalent effects. Upon histological examination, FDJ was observed to cause regression of epithelium and stroma of endometriotic implants. FDJ had revealed promising therapeutic effects on endometriosis.

[Academic heritage of Jiu huang ben cao (Materia Medica for Relief of Famines) in Japan].

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He, Huiling; Xiao, Yongzhi

2014-11-01

Jiu huang ben cao (Materia Medica for Relief of Famines) was the first monograph on famines herbal in the history of China, which creates a new research field of edible plants. Around the middle and late 17th century, Jiu huang ben cao was spread to Japan and aroused great attention of famous Japanese herbalists. Thus, all versions of different edition systems were circulated in Japan. Later, some famous Japanese scholar ssuccessively quoted texts of Jiu huang ben cao from the Nong zheng quan shu (Whole book on Agricultural Administration) spread in Japan, and block-printed it as an independent work. As a result, Jiu huang ben cao virtually circulated widely in Japan.

[Formulation of technical specification for national survey of Chinese materia medica resources].

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Guo, Lan-Ping; Lu, Jian-Wei; Zhang, Xiao-Bo; Zhao, Run-Huai; Zhang, Ben-Gang; Sun, Li-Ying; Huang, Lu-Qi

2013-04-01

According to the process of the technical specification (TS) design for the fourth national survey of the Chinese materia medica resources (CMMR), we analyzed the assignment and objectives of the national survey and pointed out that the differences about CMMR management around China, the distribution of CMMR and their habitat, the economic and technological level, and even enthusiasm and initiative of the staff, etc. are the most difficult points for TS design. And we adopt the principle of combination of the mandatory and flexibility in TS design. We fixed the key points which would affect the quality of national survey first, then proposed the framework of TS which including 3 parts of organization and 11 parts of technique itself. The framework will serve and lead the TS preparation, which will not only provide an action standard to the national survey but will also have a profound influence to the popularization and application of the survey technology of CMMR. [Key words

[Study and comparison on HPLC fingerprints of flavonoids of frequently used Chinese materia medica in citrus].

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Chen, Yonggang; Lin, Li

2011-10-01

To establish the HPLC fingerprint of flavonoids of the six clinical frequently used Chinese materia medica for regulating Qi flow,such as Citri grandis, C. grands, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, Aurantii Fructus, and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus from Citrus, and analysis differences in the fingerprints to provide scientific basis for profile-effect research and clinical reasonable use. HPLC was performed on a C18 column with methanol-water (with acetic acid), to establish HPLC fingerprints of the six kinds of medicinal herbs on the same chromatograph condition. The six frequently used Chinese materia medica were divided into naringin type and hesperidin type according to the method of phytochemotaxonomy. Based on the retention time of chromatograph peaks, C. grandis and C. grands had fifteen common peaks; Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, Aurantii Fructus and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus had ten common peaks. All herbs had five common peaks. Compared with mutual model, the holistic similarity of chromatograms of C. grandis and C. grands was in the range of 0.9285 - 0.9962. The degree of similarity was high. For Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, it was in the range of 0.9221 - 0.9973 and high. But the similarity of Aurantii Fructus was only in 0.4547 - 0.7733 with the mutual model. The established fingerprints of flavonoids of the six common traditional Chinese medicines can be used to compare the differences intuitively. Meanwhile, the peak height and peak areas of characteristic peaks are different remarkably, but whether it is connected with the different function of regulating Qi flow of the six medical materials in clinical use, is still needed to be studied.

[Impacts of multicomponent environment on solubility of puerarin in biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica].

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Hou, Cheng-Bo; Wang, Guo-Peng; Zhang, Qiang; Yang, Wen-Ning; Lv, Bei-Ran; Wei, Li; Dong, Ling

2014-12-01

To illustrate the solubility involved in biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica (CMMBCS) , the influences of artificial multicomponent environment on solubility were investigated in this study. Mathematical model was built to describe the variation trend of their influence on the solubility of puerarin. Carried out with progressive levels, single component environment: baicalin, berberine and glycyrrhizic acid; double-component environment: baicalin and glycyrrhizic acid, baicalin and berberine and glycyrrhizic acid and berberine; and treble-component environment: baicalin, berberin, glycyrrhizic acid were used to describe the variation tendency of their influences on the solubility of puerarin, respectively. And then, the mathematical regression equation model was established to characterize the solubility of puerarin under multicomponent environment.

[Design and implementation of mobile terminal data acquisition for Chinese materia medica resources survey].

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Qi, Yuan-Hua; Wang, Hui; Zhang, Xiao-Bo; Jin, Yan; Ge, Xiao-Guang; Jing, Zhi-Xian; Wang, Ling; Zhao, Yu-Ping; Guo, Lan-Ping; Huang, Lu-Qi

2017-11-01

In this paper, a data acquisition system based on mobile terminal combining GPS, offset correction, automatic speech recognition and database networking technology was designed implemented with the function of locating the latitude and elevation information fast, taking conveniently various types of Chinese herbal plant photos, photos, samples habitat photos and so on. The mobile system realizes automatic association with Chinese medicine source information, through the voice recognition function it records the information of plant characteristics and environmental characteristics, and record relevant plant specimen information. The data processing platform based on Chinese medicine resources survey data reporting client can effectively assists in indoor data processing, derives the mobile terminal data to computer terminal. The established data acquisition system provides strong technical support for the fourth national survey of the Chinese materia medica resources (CMMR). Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Chinese vegetative materia medica in a venereological treatise by Jean Astruc from 1740.

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Drobnik, Jacek

2016-07-01

Historical medical sources can be still queried for forgotten cures and remedies. Traditional Chinese medicine has dealt with lues venerea (syphilis) since the Five Dynasties period (10th century). Chinese indigenous materia medica and remedies recorded, studied or imported by the Europeans can reveal known or quite unknown medicinal plants. The studied Jean Astruc's work is a published ethnopharmacological survey carried out in Beijing in the 1730s and it deserves a modern interpretation. This is the first proposal to identify historical Chinese medicinal plants listed in a scarcely known medical treatise De Morbis venereis… ('On venereal diseases…') by Jean Astruc from 1740. I searched for the current uses and position of the taxonomically identified herbal stock in both traditional Chinese and official medical knowledge, with special attention to syphilis. Chinese names of drugs and their botanical identities (originally expressed by means of pre-Linnaean polynomials, and now interpreted as accepted binomials) were independently cross-checked with younger till most recent taxonomical and ethnopharmacological sources. Plants and drugs identified this way were queried for their modern applications in traditional Chinese and official medicine with special attention to sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and other uses which are similar to the 18th-century understanding of venereology. For 24 items of medicinal stock, 34 medicinal plants have been identified or suspected: Acacia catechu, Achyranthes bidentata, Akebia quinata, Angelica dahurica, A. sinensis, Aquilaria sinensis, Aralia cordata, Aristolochia fangchi, Chaenomeles sinensis, Ch. speciosa, Clematis vitalba, Coix lacryma-jobi, Commiphora myrrha, Cydonia oblonga, Daemonorops draco, D. jenkinsiana, Dictamnus dasycarpus, Dryobalanops sumatrensis, Forsythia suspensa, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Lonicera confusa, L. hypoglauca, L. japonica, Ligusticum striatum (=L. chuanxiong), Piper kadsura, Pterocarpus

[Key content and formulation of national Chinese materia medica resources survey at county level].

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Lu, Jian-Wei; Zhang, Xiao-Bo; Li, Hai-Tao; Guo, Lan-Ping; Zhao, Run-Huai; Zhang, Ben-Gang; Sun, Li-Ying; Huang, Lu-Qi

2013-08-01

According to National Census for Water, National Population Census, National Land and Resources Survey, and work experience of experimental measures for national Chinese materia medica resources(CMMR) survey,the national CMMR survey at the county level is the key point of whole survey, that includes organization and management, field survey, sorting data three key links. Organization and management works of national CMMR survey needs to finish four key contents, there are definite goals and tasks, practicable crew, preparation directory, and security assurance. Field survey works of the national CMMR survey needs to finish five key contents, there are preparation works for field survey, the choice of the key survey area (samples), fill in the questionnaire, video data collection, specimen and other physical collection. Sorting data works of the national CMMR survey needs to finish tree key contents, there are data, specimen and census results.

[Study on processing adjuvant medicines in Lei Gong's treatise on preparation and broiling of materia medica (Leigong Paozhi Lun)].

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Zhang, Wei; Zhang, Ruixian

2010-09-01

There were 268 kinds of medicines recorded in the book of Lei Gong's Treatise on preparation and broiling of materia medica (Leigong Paozhi Lun). Among these medicines, 178 medicines were prepared with adjuvant medicines, including general and special compatible adjuvant medicines. These adjuvant medicines used in this book can be explained by the theory of "seven-relation compatibility". The author tried to explain the usage and their compatibility of these adjuvant medicines and put forward that attention should be paid to the changes in functions of medicines and the influences of society should be paid attention.

[The Seongho () School's Study of the Ancient Learning () and Its Influence on the Debate about Materia Medica in the Late Joseon Dynasty].

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Cho, Sung-San

2015-08-01

This study will determine the ways in which the ancient learning (gu xue, ) scholarship of the Seongho School, and its interest in the materia medica (ben cao xue, ) were related during the late Joseon period. The Seongho School centered its studies mainly on classical Chinese texts of the Han (206 BC－AD 220) and pre-Han (?－221 BC) (xian-qin lianghan, ) periods rather than those of the Tang and Song dynasties (618-1279). gu xue scholarship emerged during the Ming dynasty era (1368 －1644) as an alternative to the scholarly trends of the Song dynasty, which were dependent on Zhu Xi's (, 1130－1200) Neo-Confucianism and its interpretation of Han and pre-Han classical Chinese texts. This scholarly trend influenced Korean and Japanese literature, philosophy, and even medicine from the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries. Focusing on Korean scholarship, we find a great deal of research regarding the influence of gu xue on Korean classical Chinese literature and Confucian philosophy in the late Joseon period; however, no study has examined how this style of scholarship influenced the field of medicine during the same period. This study will investigate how the intellectuals of the Seongho School, who did the most to develop gu xue among Joseon intellectuals, were influenced by this style of scholarship in their study of the materia medica. Jeong Yak-yong (1762－1836), the representative intellectual of the Seongho School, did not focus on complicated metaphysical medical theories, such as the Yin-Yang and Five Elements theory (yin yang wu xing shui, ) or the Five Movements and Six Atmospheres theory (wu yun liu qi shui, ). Instead, his interests lay in the exact diagnoses of diseases and meticulous herbal prescriptions which formed an essential part of the Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease (Shang han lun, ) written by Zhang Zhungjing (, 150－219) in the Han dynasty. The Treatise was compatible with the scholarly purpose of gu xue in that they both

[Study on supply and demand relation based on two stages division of market of Chinese materia medica].

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Yang, Guang; Guo, Lan-Ping; Wang, Nuo; Zeng, Yan; Huang, Lu-Qi

2014-01-01

The complex production processes and long industrial chain in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) market result in difficulty in Chinese market microstructure research. Based on the defining the logical relationships among different concepts. This paper divides TCM market into two stages as Chinese materia medica resource market and traditional Chinese Patent Medicines market. Under this foundation, we investigated the supply capacity, approaching rules and motivation system of suppliers in TCM market, analyzed the demand situation in the perspective of demand side, and evaluated the purchasing power in terms of population profile, income, and insurance. Furthermore we also analyzed the price formation mechanism in two stages of TCM market. We hope this study can make a positive and promotion effect on TCM market related research.

[The significance of drawing on experience of experimental study on Chinese materia medica during the Republican period].

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Li, Nan; Wan, Fang

2015-05-01

During the period of the Republic of China, researches of experiments on Chinese materia medica developed extensively with the scientific process of Chinese medicine. Although the technology standard was relatively low and the reference value, limited. The experiences, positive or negative, obtained at that time still has reference significance to today's Chinese medicine scientific research. The notion that traditional Chinese medical and scientific research be conducted under the guidance of TCM theory; valuable experience contained in the ancient literature of traditional Chinese medicine be collected; and the transformation capacity of scientific research be elevated, has been accepted by modern TCM professionals. If you go back to the history, it can be seen that this notion was summarized through repeated practice during the critical moment of traditional Chinese medicine, which should be emphasized and its understanding deepened at any time.

Chinese Marine Materia Medica. By Huashi Guan and Shuguang Wang. Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, China Ocean Press, and Chemical Industry Press: Shanghai, Beijing, China, 2009; Hardback, 7064 pp; ¥ 2920; ISBN 978-7-5323-9958-1/R•2707; ISBN 978-7-5323-9973-4/R•2708; ISBN 978-7-1220-6012-9

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Peter Proksch

2014-01-01

Full Text Available China is one of the first countries to use marine materia medica for treating diseases. Ancient books on Chinese herbology, such as Shennong Bencaojing (Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica, Xinxiu Bencao (Newly Revised Materia Medica and Bencao Gangmu (Compendium of Materia Medica, have detailed more than 110 marine herbs and thousands of marine herbal formulas (including those for Chinese food therapy. A great deal of information on marine herbs and their applications in medicine, collected over thousands of years, has provided an important foundation for modern research in the area of marine drugs. Thanks to these records and references, the research and development of modern Chinese marine drugs continue to evolve and mature. Since the middle of the 20th century, special attention has been paid to traditional Chinese medicine, resulting in a significant increase in the number of newly discovered marine herbs. Comprehensive surveys in the past have also created a wealth of data on the pharmacology, chemistry, biology and ecology of marine medicinal bioresources. After thousands of years of research, historical references to traditional marine herbs are scattered throughout ancient books, local chronicles, medical books, or monographs on medicinal herbs. Unfortunately, there is no systematic way to collate or scientifically verify these references. Furthermore, during the last century, scientists around the world have accumulated large quantities of information on marine natural products, but these are also scattered throughout academic books and journals.

[Preliminary textual research on Zhijintang Sanctum re-revised version of Jinling edition of Ben cao gang mu (Compendium of Materia Medica)].

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Zheng, Jinsheng

2014-03-01

The Zhijintang Sanctum version of the re-revised edition of Jinling edition of Ben cao gang mu (Compendium of Materia Medica)collected by Zhao Huiyuan of Baihe, Henan Province in 2008 was opted as one of the third batch of the National Directory of Rare Ancient Worksin 2010. On the second cover page (patent page), it is recorded as"Original Jiangxi version". However, it is investigated to find that most of its paper sheets were reprinted after the original Jinling version, only scores of paper sheets were supplemented block-printed, including the additional block-printed second preface and Li Jianyuan's submitted report of the Jiangxi version, the re-revised time of which should be after the Jiangxi edition, or 1603. The exact time can be determined only by checking it carefully against another Jinling re-revised version (the Sheyuantang Sanctum edition).

An improved association-mining research for exploring Chinese herbal property theory: based on data of the Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica.

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Jin, Rui; Lin, Zhi-jian; Xue, Chun-miao; Zhang, Bing

2013-09-01

Knowledge Discovery in Databases is gaining attention and raising new hopes for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) researchers. It is a useful tool in understanding and deciphering TCM theories. Aiming for a better understanding of Chinese herbal property theory (CHPT), this paper performed an improved association rule learning to analyze semistructured text in the book entitled Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica. The text was firstly annotated and transformed to well-structured multidimensional data. Subsequently, an Apriori algorithm was employed for producing association rules after the sensitivity analysis of parameters. From the confirmed 120 resulting rules that described the intrinsic relationships between herbal property (qi, flavor and their combinations) and herbal efficacy, two novel fundamental principles underlying CHPT were acquired and further elucidated: (1) the many-to-one mapping of herbal efficacy to herbal property; (2) the nonrandom overlap between the related efficacy of qi and flavor. This work provided an innovative knowledge about CHPT, which would be helpful for its modern research.

[Methodological quality and reporting quality evaluation of randomized controlled trials published in China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica].

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Yu, Dan-Dan; Xie, Yan-Ming; Liao, Xing; Zhi, Ying-Jie; Jiang, Jun-Jie; Chen, Wei

2018-02-01

To evaluate the methodological quality and reporting quality of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) published in China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, we searched CNKI and China Journal of Chinese Materia webpage to collect RCTs since the establishment of the magazine. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of RCTs. The CONSORT 2010 list was adopted as reporting quality evaluating tool. Finally, 184 RCTs were included and evaluated methodologically, of which 97 RCTs were evaluated with reporting quality. For the methodological evaluating, 62 trials(33.70%) reported the random sequence generation; 9(4.89%) trials reported the allocation concealment; 25(13.59%) trials adopted the method of blinding; 30(16.30%) trials reported the number of patients withdrawing, dropping out and those lost to follow-up;2 trials （1.09%） reported trial registration and none of the trial reported the trial protocol; only 8(4.35%) trials reported the sample size estimation in details. For reporting quality appraising, 3 reporting items of 25 items were evaluated with high-quality,including: abstract, participants qualified criteria, and statistical methods; 4 reporting items with medium-quality, including purpose, intervention, random sequence method, and data collection of sites and locations; 9 items with low-quality reporting items including title, backgrounds, random sequence types, allocation concealment, blindness, recruitment of subjects, baseline data, harms, and funding;the rest of items were of extremely low quality(the compliance rate of reporting item<10%). On the whole, the methodological and reporting quality of RCTs published in the magazine are generally low. Further improvement in both methodological and reporting quality for RCTs of traditional Chinese medicine are warranted. It is recommended that the international standards and procedures for RCT design should be strictly followed to conduct high-quality trials

Distinguishing the Chinese materia medica Tiepishihu from similar Dendrobium species of the same genus using histological and microscopic method.

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Kun-Zi; Yan, Hua; Tai, Hai-Chuan; Zhang, Nan-Ping; Cheng, Xian-Long; Guo, Zeng-Xi; Ma, Shuang-Cheng; Wei, Feng

2017-07-01

The Chinese Materia Medica, Tiepishihu, used as a tonic for over one thousand years, is a well-known precious medicine in China. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, its source is the species Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo, which is distinguished from other species in Dendrobium genus. However, these species from the same genus are similar with Tiepishihu and caused confusion in the market. To find a quick and simple method to distinguish Tiepishihu from other similar species, histologic and microscopic methods were combined together to investigate the transverse section of stem of Tiepishihu and other similar species. Phloroglucinol test solution with hydrochloric acid was used to reveal the lignified tissue by staining the transverse section of Tiepishihu and similar species. Results revealed the unique identification characteristics to distinguish Tiepishihu from similar species, which were difficult to distinguish by other methods. The identification characteristics of Tiepishihu include the cells of vascular bundle sheath were stained red, parenchyma cells were not stained red. What's more, other species can be distinguished from each other with microscopic and histological characteristics. These characteristics proved stable and can be easily observed by normal light microscopic examination. This method is rapid, accurate, stable, and inexpensive. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The Doctrine of Signatures, Materia Medica of Orchids, and the Contributions of Doctor - Orchidologists.

Science.gov (United States)

Pearn, John

2012-12-01

The heritage of medicine is written in many forms. One repository is to be found in the history of orchids, the world's largest family of flowering plants. Orchids were so named by Theophrastus (c.372-288 BC) who recorded their medicinal use as an aphrodisiac and the promoter of virility, in the context of the Doctrine of Signatures. Such use endured for millennia, and was recorded both by Paracelsus (1493-1551) and Linnaeus (1707-1778). The history of orchidology and medicine are entwined in four domains: (a) orchids and their historical materia medica, within the paradigm of the Doctrine of Signatures; (b) the enduring and extensive contemporary medicinal and culinary use of orchids such as Vanilla and salep extracts of Orchis; (c) the scientific contributions of doctors as orchidologists; and (d) the heritage of more than a hundred doctors' names in the scientific etymology of the Orchidaceae family. Prominent orchidologists have included the Scottish doctor-soldier and botanist, Robert Brown (1773-1858); the Director of the State Herbarium at Leyden and the Rijks Museum, Carl Ludwig Blume (1796-1862); and Dr William Sterling MD (1888-1967). Among the more than 1250 genus names (and 33,000 species) of orchids are the names of more than a hundred doctors, their lives and works perpetuated in the scientific etymology of this family of exotic, beautiful, flamboyant, intriguing and often expensive flowers. Generic names record the lives and works of such as Aristotle (384-322BC) in Aristotelia Loureiro 1790; Cadet de Gassicourt (1769-1821) in Cadetia Gaudichaud 1826; Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817-1911) in Sirhookera O. Kuntze 1891; and Dr Theodore Daniel Vrydag Zynen (fl. 1820-1850) in Vrydagzynea Blume 1858. One of the principal horticultural genera of orchids, Brassavola, records the life and work of the Ferrara and Padua physician and botanist, Antonio Musa Brassavola (1500-1555). The first Slipper Orchid bred as a hybrid, Paphiopedilum harrisianum (by John

Ameliorating effects of traditional Chinese medicine preparation, Chinese materia medica and active compounds on ischemia/reperfusion-induced cerebral microcirculatory disturbances and neuron damage

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Kai; Fan, Jingyu; Han, Jingyan

2015-01-01

Ischemic stroke and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced by thrombolytic therapy are conditions with high mortality and serious long-term physical and cognitive disabilities. They have a major impact on global public health. These disorders are associated with multiple insults to the cerebral microcirculation, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, leukocyte adhesion and infiltration, brain blood barrier (BBB) disruption, and capillary hypoperfusion, ultimately resulting in tissue edema, hemorrhage, brain injury and delayed neuron damage. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used in China, Korea, Japan and other Asian countries for treatment of a wide range of diseases. In China, the usage of compound TCM preparation to treat cerebrovascular diseases dates back to the Han Dynasty. Even thousands of years earlier, the medical formulary recorded many classical prescriptions for treating cerebral I/R-related diseases. This review summarizes current information and underlying mechanisms regarding the ameliorating effects of compound TCM preparation, Chinese materia medica, and active components on I/R-induced cerebral microcirculatory disturbances, brain injury and neuron damage. PMID:26579420

Translation and Transliteration of Plant names in Ḥunayn b. Iḥsāq´s and Iṣṭifān b. Bāsil´s Arabic version of Dioscorides, De materia medica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Touwaide, Alain

2009-12-01

Full Text Available This paper deals with the Arabic translation of De materia medica by the Greek author Dioscorides (1^st century A.D., particularly the rendering of plant names, which were sometimes properly translated and sometimes transliterated from the Greek. According to a traditional interpretation, the transliteration strategy was used by the translators when they did not know the exact Arabic equivalent of the plant names. I re-examine this interpretation here taking into account the role of plant names in the Greek text and the Andalusian works of botanical lexicography. As a result, I propose to interpret transliterations as a mean used by translators to keep visible the structure of the work, in which plant names played a certain role.

Este artículo se ocupa de la traducción árabe del texto griego del tratado De materia medica de Dioscórides (siglo I, especialmente de los fitónimos que, en unos casos, fueron traducidos al árabe y, en otros, transliterados del griego. Según la interpretación tradicional, la transliteración era una estrategia utilizada por los traductores cuando no conocían el equivalente exacto árabe de los nombres de las plantas. Se propone en este trabajo una revisión de esta interpretación, teniendo en cuenta el importante papel que los nombres de las plantas desempeñan en el texto griego, así como en las obras de los lexicógrafos y botánicos andalusíes, llegando a la conclusión de que las transliteraciones eran una técnica utilizada por los traductores para mantener visible la estructura general de la obra de Dioscórides, basada en gran parte en la nomenclatura de las plantas.

Focal Plane Alignment Utilizing Optical CMM

Science.gov (United States)

Liebe, Carl Christian; Meras, Patrick L.; Clark, Gerald J.; Sedaka, Jack J.; Kaluzny, Joel V.; Hirsch, Brian; Decker, Todd A.; Scholtz, Christopher R.

2012-01-01

In many applications, an optical detector has to be located relative to mechanical reference points. One solution is to specify stringent requirements on (1) mounting the optical detector relative to the chip carrier, (2) soldering the chip carrier onto the printed circuit board (PCB), and (3) installing the PCB to the mechanical structure of the subsystem. Figure 1 shows a sketch of an optical detector mounted relative to mechanical reference with high positional accuracy. The optical detector is typically a fragile wafer that cannot be physically touched by any measurement tool. An optical coordinate measuring machine (CMM) can be used to position optical detectors relative to mechanical reference points. This approach will eliminate all requirements on positional tolerances. The only requirement is that the PCB is manufactured with oversized holes. An exaggerated sketch of this situation is shown in Figure 2. The sketch shows very loose tolerances on mounting the optical detector in the chip carrier, loose tolerance on soldering the chip carrier to the PCB, and finally large tolerance on where the mounting screws are located. The PCB is held with large screws and oversized holes. The PCB is mounted loosely so it can move freely around. The optical CMM measures the mechanical reference points. Based on these measurements, the required positions of the optical detector corners can be calculated. The optical CMM is commanded to go to the position where one detector corner is supposed to be. This is indicated with the cross-hairs in Figure 2(a). This figure is representative of the image of the optical CMM monitor. Using a suitable tapping tool, the PCB is manually tapped around until the corner of the optical detector is at the crosshairs of the optical CMM. The CMM is commanded to another corner, and the process is repeated a number of times until all corners of the optical detector are within a distance of 10 to 30 microns of the required position. The situation

CMM Interim Check (U)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Montano, Joshua Daniel [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2015-03-23

Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) are widely used in industry, throughout the Nuclear Weapons Complex and at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) to verify part conformance to design definition. Calibration cycles for CMMs at LANL are predominantly one year in length. Unfortunately, several nonconformance reports have been generated to document the discovery of a certified machine found out of tolerance during a calibration closeout. In an effort to reduce risk to product quality two solutions were proposed – shorten the calibration cycle which could be costly, or perform an interim check to monitor the machine’s performance between cycles. The CMM interim check discussed makes use of Renishaw’s Machine Checking Gauge. This off-the-shelf product simulates a large sphere within a CMM’s measurement volume and allows for error estimation. Data was gathered, analyzed, and simulated from seven machines in seventeen different configurations to create statistical process control run charts for on-the-floor monitoring.

[Textual research on Guang dong xin yu (New Sayings of Guangdong) quoted in Ben cao gang mu shi yi (Supplements to Compendium of Materia Medica].

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Ruixian; Zhang, Wei; Li, Jian; Liang, Fei

2014-05-01

Altogether 15 terms for Guang dong xin yu (New Sayings of Guangdong) were used in Ben cao gang mu shi yi (Supplements to Compendium of Materia Medica), including Yue yu (Cantonese sayings), Chong yu (Sayings from Insect Drug), Jie yu (Sayings from Crustacean Drug), Xin yu (New Sayings), Yue hai xiang yu (Fragrant Sayings from Cantonese Region), Yue zhi mu yu (Sayings from Plants in Cantonese Annals), Guang dong suo yu (Trivial Sayings from Guangdong), Yue shan lu (Records of Cantonese Mountains), Yue lu (Cantonese Records), Jiao guang lu (Joint Guangdong Records), Yue cao zhi (Records of Cantonese Grasses), Guang guo lu (Records of Guangdong Fruits), Nan yue suo ji (Trivial Records of Southern Canton), Guang zhi (Guangdong Records), Yue zhi (Cantonese Records) etc. dealing with 57 sorts of drugs (with individual overlapping ones), the author of Xin yu was Qu Dajun, a surviving fogy of the Ming Dynasty actively involved in the activities to restore the old dynasty and resist the Qing Dynasty, and was persecuted in the literary inquisition in which his works were burnt so that Zhao Xuemin, when quoting his texts, had to go in a roundabout way.

Shell Inspection History and Current CMM Inspection Efforts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Montano, Joshua Daniel [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2017-01-26

The following report provides a review of past and current CMM Shell Inspection efforts. Calibration of the Sheffield rotary contour gauge has expired and the primary inspector, Matthew Naranjo, has retired. Efforts within the Inspection team are transitioning from maintaining and training new inspectors on Sheffield to off-the-shelf CMM technology. Although inspection of a shell has many requirements, the scope of the data presented in this report focuses on the inner contour, outer contour, radial wall thickness and mass comparisons.

How do government regulations influence the ability to practice Chinese herbal medicine in western countries.

Science.gov (United States)

Fleischer, Tom; Su, Yi-Chang; Lin, Sunny Jui-Shan

2017-01-20

The regulation policies of substances used in Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM), have a direct influence on the ability of health providers to practice in the clinic. We set out to assess the truth behind the assumption that practice of CHM in the west is constrained by the regulations imposed by authorities in western countries. For the first part of our study we surveyed and compiled lists of banned and restricted Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) from six countries: USA, UK, Germany, Israel, Canada and Australia. Afterwards, we estimated the relevant importance of the 300 CMM most-commonly-prescribed to the practice of CHM according to prescriptions from 2,000,000 randomly selected patients, from the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). We then compared both lists and determined the clinical importance of the banned and restricted CMM. Except for regulations from Canada, most of the information of banned CMM proved to be difficult to organize. The USA was found to have the least amount of banned herbs, with 9 substances. Canada had the highest amount, with 98. In Germany, Australia, the UK, and Israel 10, 29, 36, 68 banned CMM were found, respectively. Apart from aristolochic acid containing substances, ma huang (, Ephedra sinica) was the only CMM banned in all countries. Most of the banned CMM were not found to be among the most-commonly-prescribed according to the NHIRD. Authorities should make this information more accessible. No clear relation exists between CHM regulations and any 'Western' common denominator, and the amount of banned CMM varied greatly among the surveyed countries. However, even among countries with a larger amount of banned CMM, the majority of these were in the bottom two-thirds in respect to the frequency of their use. Thus, regulations in some western countries surely influence the practice of CHM, however, the variability of CMM have been influenced by regulations only to a limited extent. Copyright © 2016 The

CMM Interim Check Design of Experiments (U)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Montano, Joshua Daniel [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2015-07-29

Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) are widely used in industry, throughout the Nuclear Weapons Complex and at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) to verify part conformance to design definition. Calibration cycles for CMMs at LANL are predominantly one year in length and include a weekly interim check to reduce risk. The CMM interim check makes use of Renishaw’s Machine Checking Gauge which is an off-the-shelf product simulates a large sphere within a CMM’s measurement volume and allows for error estimation. As verification on the interim check process a design of experiments investigation was proposed to test a couple of key factors (location and inspector). The results from the two-factor factorial experiment proved that location influenced results more than the inspector or interaction.

Ants Colony Optimisation of a Measuring Path of Prismatic Parts on a CMM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stojadinovic Slavenko M.

2016-03-01

Full Text Available This paper presents optimisation of a measuring probe path in inspecting the prismatic parts on a CMM. The optimisation model is based on: (i the mathematical model that establishes an initial collision-free path presented by a set of points, and (ii the solution of Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP obtained with Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO. In order to solve TSP, an ACO algorithm that aims to find the shortest path of ant colony movement (i.e. the optimised path is applied. Then, the optimised path is compared with the measuring path obtained with online programming on CMM ZEISS UMM500 and with the measuring path obtained in the CMM inspection module of Pro/ENGINEER® software. The results of comparing the optimised path with the other two generated paths show that the optimised path is at least 20% shorter than the path obtained by on-line programming on CMM ZEISS UMM500, and at least 10% shorter than the path obtained by using the CMM module in Pro/ENGINEER®.

A Statistical Approach To Prediction Of The CMM Drift Behaviour Using A Calibrated Mechanical Artefact

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cuesta Eduardo

2015-09-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a multivariate regression predictive model of drift on the Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM behaviour. Evaluation tests on a CMM with a multi-step gauge were carried out following an extended version of an ISO evaluation procedure with a periodicity of at least once a week and during more than five months. This test procedure consists in measuring the gauge for several range volumes, spatial locations, distances and repetitions. The procedure, environment conditions and even the gauge have been kept invariables, so a massive measurement dataset was collected over time under high repeatability conditions. A multivariate regression analysis has revealed the main parameters that could affect the CMM behaviour, and then detected a trend on the CMM performance drift. A performance model that considers both the size of the measured dimension and the elapsed time since the last CMM calibration has been developed. This model can predict the CMM performance and measurement reliability over time and also can estimate an optimized period between calibrations for a specific measurement length or accuracy level.

[Design and implementation of Chinese materia medica resources survey results display system].

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Hui; Zhang, Xiao-Bo; Ge, Xiao-Guang; Jin, Yan; Wang, Ling; Zhao, Yan-Ping; Jing, Zhi-Xian; Guo, Lan-Ping; Huang, Lu-Qi

2017-11-01

From the beginning of the fourth national census of traditional Chinese medicine resources in 2011, a large amount of data have been collected and compiled, including wild medicinal plant resource data, cultivation of medicinal plant information, traditional knowledge, and specimen information. The traditional paper-based recording method is inconvenient for query and application. The B/S architecture, JavaWeb framework and SOA are used to design and develop the fourth national census results display platform. Through the data integration and sorting, the users are to provide with integrated data services and data query display solutions. The platform realizes the fine data classification, and has the simple data retrieval and the university statistical analysis function. The platform uses Echarts components, Geo Server, Open Layers and other technologies to provide a variety of data display forms such as charts, maps and other visualization forms, intuitive reflects the number, distribution and type of Chinese material medica resources. It meets the data mapping requirements of different levels of users, and provides support for management decision-making. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Using Industrial Robots to Manipulate the Measured Object in CMM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Samir Lemes

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs are widely used to check dimensions of manufactured parts, especially in the automotive industry. The major obstacles in automation of these measurements are fixturing and clamping assemblies, which are required in order to position the measured object within the CMM. This paper describes how an industrial robot can be used to manipulate the measured object within the CMM work space, in order to enable automation of complex geometry measurement.

AFM-CMM integrated instrument user manual

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Marinello, Francesco; Bariani, Paolo

This manual gives general important guidelines for a proper use of the integrated AFM-CMM instrument. More information can be collected reading: • N. Kofod Ph.D thesis [1]; • P. Bariani Ph.D thesis [2]; • Dualscope DME 95-200 operation manuals [3]; • SPIP help [4] • Stitching software user manual...

Scientometric Analysis of the Journals of the Academy of Medical Sciences in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Science.gov (United States)

Masic, Izet; Begic, Edin; Zunic, Lejla

2016-02-01

Currently in Bosnia and Herzegovina there are 25 journals in the field of biomedicine, 6 of them are indexed in Medline/PubMed base (Medical Archives, Materia Socio-Medica, Acta Informatica Medica, Acta Medica Academica, Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences (BJBMS) and Medical Glasnik), and one (BJBMS) is indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE)/Web of Science base. The aim of this study was to show the scope of work of the journals that were published by Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Medical Archives, Materia Socio-Medica and Acta Informatica Medica. The research presents a meta-analysis of three journals, or their issues, during the calendar year 2015 (retrospective and descriptive character). During 2015 calendar year a total of 286 articles were published (in Medical Archives 104 (36.3%), in Materia Socio-Medica 99 (34.6%), and in Acta Informatica Medica 83 (29%)). Original articles are present in the highest number in all three journals (in Medical Archives 80.7%, in Materia Socio Medica 77.7%, and in Acta Informatica Medica 68.6%). In Medical Archives, 90.3% of the articles were related to the field of clinical medicine. In Materia Socio-Medica, the domain of clinical medicine and public health was the most represented. Preclinical areas are most frequent in Acta Informatica Medica. The period of 50-60 days for a decision on the admission of article is most common in all three journals, with trend of shortening of that period. Articles came from 19 countries, mostly from Bosnia and Herzegovina, then from Iran, Kosovo, Saudi Arabia and Greece. In Medical Archives original articles in the field of clinical medicine (usually internal and surgical disciplines) are most often present, and that is the case in last four years. The number of articles in Materia Socio-Medica and Acta Informatica Medica is growing from year to year. In Materia Socio-Medica there is a trend of growth of articles in the field of public health

Mapping and correction of the CMM workspace error with the use of an electronic gyroscope and neural networks--practical application.

Science.gov (United States)

Swornowski, Pawel J

2013-01-01

The article presents the application of neural networks in determining and correction of the deformation of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) workspace. The information about the CMM errors is acquired using an ADXRS401 electronic gyroscope. A test device (PS-20 module) was built and integrated with a commercial measurement system based on the SP25M passive scanning probe and with a PH10M module (Renishaw). The proposed solution was tested on a Kemco 600 CMM and on a DEA Global Clima CMM. In the former case, correction of the CMM errors was performed using the source code of WinIOS software owned by The Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Cracow, Poland and in the latter on an external PC. Optimum parameters of full and simplified mapping of a given layer of the CMM workspace were determined for practical applications. The proposed method can be employed for the interim check (ISO 10360-2 procedure) or to detect local CMM deformations, occurring when the CMM works at high scanning speeds (>20 mm/s). © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Improving Customer Satisfaction: A People CMM Perspective

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-11

Work Environment Customer Relationship Management Program 19 Improving Customer Satisfaction: A People CMM Perspective P. Buttles, S. McGraw, D...Professional in 2009 and Customer Care Manager in July 2006. He has a bachelor of arts degree from the University of Pittsburgh and a bachelor of science...conferences throughout the United States and Europe. He has as a bachelor of science degree in management . 4 Improving Customer Satisfaction: A

Systems Security Engineering Capability Maturity Model SSE-CMM Model Description Document

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

1999-01-01

The Systems Security Engineering Capability Maturity Model (SSE-CMM) describes the essential characteristics of an organization's security engineering process that must exist to ensure good security engineering...

The treatment of Alzheimer's disease using Chinese medicinal plants: from disease models to potential clinical applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Su, Yang; Wang, Qiuhong; Wang, Changfu; Chan, Kelvin; Sun, Yanping; Kuang, Haixue

2014-03-28

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the sustained higher nervous disorders of the activities and functions of the brain. Due to its heavy burden on society and the patients' families, it is urgent to review the treatments for AD to provide basic data for further research and new drug development. Among these treatments, Chinese Material Medica (CMM) has been traditionally clinical used in China to treat AD for a long time with obvious efficacy. With the further research reports of CMM, new therapeutic materials may be recovered from troves of CMM. However, So far, little or no review work has been reported to conclude anti-AD drugs from CMM in literature. Therefore, a systematic introduction of CMM anti-AD research progress is of great importance and necessity. This paper strives to systematically describe the progress of CMM in the treatment of AD, and lays a basis data for anti-AD drug development from CMM, and provides the essential theoretical support for the further development and utilization of CMM resources through a more comprehensive research of the variety of databases regarding CMM anti-AD effects reports. Literature survey was performed via electronic search (SciFinder®, Pubmed®, Google Scholar and Web of Science) on papers and patents and by systematic research in ethnopharmacological literature at various university libraries. This review mainly introduces the current research on the Chinese Material Medica (CMM) theoretical research on Alzheimer's disease (AD), anti-AD active constituent of CMM, anti-AD effects on AD models, anti-AD mechanism of CMM, and anti-AD effect of CMM formula. Scholars around the world have made studies on the anti-AD molecular mechanism of CMM from different pathways, and have made substantial progress. The progress not only enriched the anti-AD theory of CMM, but also provided clinical practical significance and development prospects in using CMM to treat AD. Western pure drugs cannot replace the advantages of

Agile machining and inspection thrust area team-on-machine probing / compatibility assessment of Parametric Technology Corporation (PTC) pro/CMM DMIS with Zeiss DMISEngine.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wade, James Rokwel; Tomlinson, Kurt; Bryce, Edwin Anthony

2008-09-01

The charter goal of the Agile Machining and Inspection Thrust Area Team is to identify technical requirements, within the nuclear weapons complex (NWC), for Agile Machining and Inspection capabilities. During FY 2008, the team identified Parametric Technology Corporation (PTC) Pro/CMM as a software tool for use in off-line programming of probing routines--used for measurement--for machining and turning centers. The probing routine would be used for in-process verification of part geometry. The same Pro/CMM program used on the machine tool could also be employed for program validation / part verification using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). Funding was provided to determine the compatibility of the Pro/CMM probing program with CMM software (Zeiss DMISEngine).

Managerial and Organizational Assumptions in the CMM's

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rose, Jeremy; Aaen, Ivan; Nielsen, Peter Axel

2008-01-01

Thinking about improving the management of software development in software firms is dominated by one approach: the capability maturity model devised and administered at the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University. Though CMM, and its replacement CMMI are widely known and used...... thinking about large production and manufacturing organisations (particularly in America) in the late industrial age. Many of the difficulties reported with CMMI can be attributed basing practice on these assumptions in organisations which have different cultures and management traditions, perhaps...

Characterization of Fiber Optic CMM Probe System

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

K.W.Swallow

2007-05-15

This report documents a study completed on the fiber optic probe system that is a part of the Werth optical CMM. This study was necessary due to a lack of documentation from the vendor for the proper use and calibration of the fiber probe, and was performed in support of the Lithographie Galvanoformung Abformung (LIGA) development program at the FM&T. As a result of this study, a better understanding of the fiber optic probe has been developed, including guidelines for its proper use and calibration.

Technical note: Comparison of metal-on-metal hip simulator wear measured by gravimetric, CMM and optical profiling methods

Science.gov (United States)

Alberts, L. Russell; Martinez-Nogues, Vanesa; Baker Cook, Richard; Maul, Christian; Bills, Paul; Racasan, R.; Stolz, Martin; Wood, Robert J. K.

2018-03-01

Simulation of wear in artificial joint implants is critical for evaluating implant designs and materials. Traditional protocols employ the gravimetric method to determine the loss of material by measuring the weight of the implant components before and after various test intervals and after the completed test. However, the gravimetric method cannot identify the location, area coverage or maximum depth of the wear and it has difficulties with proportionally small weight changes in relatively heavy implants. In this study, we compare the gravimetric method with two geometric surface methods; an optical light method (RedLux) and a coordinate measuring method (CMM). We tested ten Adept hips in a simulator for 2 million cycles (MC). Gravimetric and optical methods were performed at 0.33, 0.66, 1.00, 1.33 and 2 MC. CMM measurements were done before and after the test. A high correlation was found between the gravimetric and optical methods for both heads (R 2  =  0.997) and for cups (R 2  =  0.96). Both geometric methods (optical and CMM) measured more volume loss than the gravimetric method (for the heads, p  =  0.004 (optical) and p  =  0.08 (CMM); for the cups p  =  0.01 (optical) and p  =  0.003 (CMM)). Two cups recorded negative wear at 2 MC by the gravimetric method but none did by either the optical method or by CMM. The geometric methods were prone to confounding factors such as surface deformation and the gravimetric method could be confounded by protein absorption and backside wear. Both of the geometric methods were able to show the location, area covered and depth of the wear on the bearing surfaces, and track their changes during the test run; providing significant advantages to solely using the gravimetric method.

Digital Materia

OpenAIRE

Lindgren, Marcus; Richey, Emma

2014-01-01

Med tankar från pedagogen Montessori och filosoferna Platon och Baudrillard har detta arbete behandlat frågor om datorn och dess betydelse för en grafiker. Frågeställningen formulerades efter hand och lydde tillslut: ”Hur kan materia te sig i digital form?” Forskningen resulterade i en hypotes för hur digital materia skulle födas i datorn: genom att blanda två uppsättningar av data, såsom två genuppsättningar tillsammans skapar en ny organism. Under produktionen utvecklades därmed en metod fö...

[Irrigants and intracanal medicaments in endodontics].

Science.gov (United States)

Zehnder, Matthias; Lehnert, Birgit; Schönenberger, Kathrin; Waltimo, Tuomas

2003-01-01

Modern, biologic root canal therapy should be performed with suitable irrigating solutions and intracanal medicaments. The goal of endodontic treatment is to free the treated tooth from infection and prevent reinfection as thoroughly as possible by means which do not put the organism at risk. In this review of the literature, an evidence-based concept for irrigation and medication of root canal systems is presented. Irrigants and medicaments are discussed with respect to their antimicrobial, tissue-dissolving and endotoxin-decontaminating capacity in relation to their systemic toxicity. Recent findings pertaining to interactions of root canal medicaments and irrigating solutions and their impact on a sound irrigating and medicating concept are discussed.

MEASURING INFORMATION INTEGR-ATION MODEL FOR CAD/CMM

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2003-01-01

A CAD/CMM workpiece modeling system based on IGES file is proposed. The modeling system is implemented by using a new method for labelling the tolerance items of 3D workpiece. The concept-"feature face" is used in the method. First the CAD data of workpiece are extracted and recognized automatically. Then a workpiece model is generated, which is the integration of pure 3D geometry form with its corresponding inspection items. The principle of workpiece modeling is also presented. At last, the experiment results are shown and correctness of the model is certified.

DES13S2cmm: the first superluminous supernova from the Dark Energy Survey

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Papadopoulos, A.; D' Andrea, C. B.; Sullivan, M.; Nichol, R. C.; Barbary, K.; Biswas, R.; Brown, P. J.; Covarrubias, R. A.; Finley, D. A.; Fischer, J. A.; Foley, R. J.; Goldstein, D.; Gupta, R. R.; Kessler, R.; Kovacs, E.; Kuhlmann, S. E.; Lidman, C.; March, M.; Nugent, P. E.; Sako, M.; Smith, R. C.; Spinka, H.; Wester, W.; Abbott, T. M. C.; Abdalla, F.; Allam, S. S.; Banerji, M.; Bernstein, J. P.; Bernstein, R. A.; Carnero, A.; da Costa, L. N.; DePoy, D. L.; Desai, S.; Diehl, H. T.; Eifler, T.; Evrard, A. E.; Flaugher, B.; Frieman, J. A.; Gerdes, D.; Gruen, D.; Honscheid, K.; James, D.; Kuehn, K.; Kuropatkin, N.; Lahav, O.; Maia, M. A. G.; Makler, M.; Marshall, J. L.; Merritt, K. W.; Miller, C. J.; Miquel, R.; Ogando, R.; Plazas, A. A.; Roe, N. A.; Romer, A. K.; Rykoff, E.; Sanchez, E.; Santiago, B. X.; Scarpine, V.; Schubnell, M.; Sevilla, I.; Soares-Santos, M.; Suchyta, E.; Swanson, M.; Tarle, G.; Thaler, J.; Tucker, L. D.; Wechsler, R. H.; Zuntz, J.

2015-03-20

We present DES13S2cmm, the first spectroscopically-confirmed superluminous supernova (SLSN) from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We briefly discuss the data and search algorithm used to find this event in the first year of DES operations, and outline the spectroscopic data obtained from the European Southern Observatory (ESO) Very Large Telescope to confirm its redshift (z = 0.663 +/- 0.001 based on the host-galaxy emission lines) and likely spectral type (Type I). Using this redshift, we find M-U(peak) = -21.05(-0.09)(+0.10) for the peak, rest-frame U-band absolute magnitude, and find DES13S2cmm to be located in a faint, low-metallicity (subsolar), low stellar-mass host galaxy (log (M/M-circle dot) = 9.3 +/- 0.3), consistent with what is seen for other SLSNe-I. We compare the bolometric light curve of DES13S2cmm to 14 similarly well-observed SLSNe-I in the literature and find that it possesses one of the slowest declining tails (beyond +30 d rest-frame past peak), and is the faintest at peak. Moreover, we find the bolometric light curves of all SLSNe-I studied herein possess a dispersion of only 0.2-0.3 mag between +25 and +30 d after peak (rest frame) depending on redshift range studied; this could be important for 'standardizing' such supernovae, as is done with the more common Type Ia. We fit the bolometric light curve of DES13S2cmm with two competing models for SLSNe-I-the radioactive decay of Ni-56, and a magnetar - and find that while the magnetar is formally a better fit, neither model provides a compelling match to the data. Although we are unable to conclusively differentiate between these two physical models for this particular SLSN-I, further DES observations of more SLSNe-I should break this degeneracy, especially if the light curves of SLSNe-I can be observed beyond 100 d in the rest frame of the supernova.

Kaempferol, a flavonoid compound from Gynura medica induced ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: Kaempferol, a natural flavonoid, has been shown to induce cancer cell apoptosis and cell growth inhibition in several tumors. Previously we have conducted a full investigation on the chemical constituents of Gynura medica, kaempferol and its glycosides are the major constituents of G. medica. Here we ...

Identifying extensions required by RUP (Rational Unified Process) to comply with CMM (Capability Maturity Model) levels 2 and 3

OpenAIRE

Manzoni, Lisandra Vielmo; Price, Roberto Tom

2003-01-01

This paper describes an assessment of the Rational Unified Process (RUP) based on the Capability Maturity Model (CMM). For each key practice (KP) identified in each key process area (KPA) of CMM levels 2 and 3, the Rational Unified Process was assessed to determine whether it satisfied the KP or not. For each KPA, the percentage of the key practices supported was calculated, and the results were tabulated. The report includes considerations about the coverage of each key process area, describ...

La Física de la Materia Desordenada

OpenAIRE

Cabrillo García, Carlos

2007-01-01

Presentado en el IV Curso de Iniciación a la Investigación en Estructura de la Materia: Desde las partículas subatómicas hasta los compuestos moleculares (Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, 28-30 de Marzo de 2007).

Nuclear safety culture evaluation model based on SSE-CMM

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Xiaohua; Liu Zhenghai; Liu Zhiming; Wan Yaping; Peng Guojian

2012-01-01

Safety culture, which is of great significance to establish safety objectives, characterizes level of enterprise safety production and development. Traditional safety culture evaluation models emphasis on thinking and behavior of individual and organization, and pay attention to evaluation results while ignore process. Moreover, determining evaluation indicators lacks objective evidence. A novel multidimensional safety culture evaluation model, which has scientific and completeness, is addressed by building an preliminary mapping between safety culture and SSE-CMM's (Systems Security Engineering Capability Maturity Model) process area and generic practice. The model focuses on enterprise system security engineering process evaluation and provides new ideas and scientific evidences for the study of safety culture. (authors)

Superficie Específica y Estado Vital de la Materia

OpenAIRE

J. Hernando Ordoñez

1992-01-01

Se propone reemplazar el término de materia viva por el de estado vital de la materia por considerarlo adecuado, pues la materia es la misma, lo que cambia es su estado. Se estudia la relación entre la superficie específica y el estado vital de la materia. Constante del estado vital y el valor crítico de la superficie específica. Qué es la fuerza de inducción vital? Diferenciación funcional de las células. Cómo regula la unidad biológica su superficie específica? La materia que piens...

Indice por Materias

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Montoya H Luz Marina

1982-09-01

Full Text Available Un índice es una lista de palabras o frases indicadores asociados que permite la ubicación de material al interior de un libro o una publicación, en este caso será por el nombre de la materia.

3D CMM Strain-Gauge Triggering Probe Error Characteristics Modeling

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Achiche, Sofiane; Wozniak, Adam; Fan, Zhun

2008-01-01

FKBs based on two optimization paradigms are used for the reconstruction of the directiondependent probe error w. The angles β and γ are used as input variables of the FKBs; they describe the spatial direction of probe triggering. The learning algorithm used to generate the FKBs is a real/ binary like......The error values of CMMs depends on the probing direction; hence its spatial variation is a key part of the probe inaccuracy. This paper presents genetically-generated fuzzy knowledge bases (FKBs) to model the spatial error characteristics of a CMM module-changing probe. Two automatically generated...

Lessons learned on utilizing the SEI/CMM in the federal government work for others environment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stewart, A.

1997-11-01

This report contains viewgraphs on lessons learned on utilizing the Software Engineering Institute Capability Maturity Model in the federal government work for others environment. These viewgraphs outline: data systems research and development; what is the SEI/CMM; Data Systems Research and Development process improvement approach; accomplishments; and lessons learned.

The effect of endodontic regeneration medicaments on mechanical properties of radicular dentin

Science.gov (United States)

Yassen, Ghaeth H.

Endodontic regeneration treatment of necrotic immature teeth has gained popularity in recent years. The approach suggests a biological alternative to induce a continuous root development. In this project, three in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of three medicaments used in endodontic regeneration on mechanical properties and chemical structure of radicular dentin. In the first experiment, we investigated longitudinally the effect of medicaments on the indentation properties of the root canal surface of immature teeth using a novel BioDent reference point indenter. A significant difference in the majority of indentation parameters between all groups was found after one-week and one-month application of medicaments (p double antibiotic paste (DAP) > control > calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]. The four-week exposure of dentin to TAP and DAP caused 43% and 31% increase in total indentation distance outcome, respectively. In the second experiment, we investigated longitudinally the effect of medicaments on the chemical structure of immature radicular dentin by measuring the phosphate/amide I ratios of dentin using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Phosphate/amide I ratios were significantly different between the four groups after one week, two weeks and four week application of medicaments (p untreated dentin > DAP-treated dentin > TAP-treated dentin. In the third experiment, we investigated longitudinally the effect of medicaments on root fracture resistance and microhardness of radicular dentin. For the microhardness, the two-way interaction between group and time was significant (pmedicaments caused significant decrease in fracture resistance ranging between 19%-30% after three month application compared to one week application. The three medicaments used in endodontic regeneration caused significant change in the chemical integrity of the superficial radicular dentin and significantly affected the indentation

Inactivation of local root canal medicaments by dentine: an in vitro study.

Science.gov (United States)

Haapasalo, H K; Sirén, E K; Waltimo, T M; Ørstavik, D; Haapasalo, M P

2000-03-01

The aim of the study was to investigate the inactivation by dentine of the antibacterial activity of various commonly used local root canal medicaments. The medicaments tested were saturated calcium hydroxide solution, 1% sodium hypochlorite, 0.5% and 0.05% chlorhexidine acetate, and 2/4% and 0.2/0.4% iodine potassium iodide. Dentine was sterilized by autoclaving and crushed into powder with a particle size of 0.2-20 microns. Aliquots of dentine suspension were incubated with the medicaments in sealed test tubes at 37 degrees C for 24 h or 1 h before adding the bacteria. In some experiments bacteria were added simultaneously with dentine powder and the medicament. Enterococcus faecalis A197A was used as a test organism. Samples for bacterial culturing were taken from the suspensions at 5 min, 1 h and 24 h after adding the bacteria. Dentine powder had an inhibitory effect on all medicaments tested. The effect was dependent on the concentration of the medicament as well as on the length of the time the medicament was preincubated with dentine powder before adding the bacteria. The effect of calcium hydroxide on E. faecalis was totally abolished by the presence of dentine powder. Similarly, 0.2/0.4% iodine potassium iodide lost its effect after preincubation for 1 h with dentine before adding the bacteria. The effect of 0.05% chlorhexidine and 1% sodium hypochlorite on E. faecalis was reduced but not totally eliminated by the presence of dentine. No inhibition could be measured when full strength solutions of chlorhexidine and iodine potassium iodide were used in killing E. faecalis. The dentine powder model appears to be an efficient tool for the study of interactions between local endodontic medicaments, dentine, and microbes.

Veterinary pharmacology: history, current status and future prospects.

Science.gov (United States)

Lees, P; Fink-Gremmels, J; Toutain, P L

2013-04-01

Veterinary therapeutics, based on the art of Materia Medica, has been practised for countless centuries, but the science of veterinary pharmacology is of very recent origin. This review traces the contribution of Materia Medica to veterinary therapeutics from the Egyptian period through to the Age of Enlightenment. The first tentative steps in the development of the science of veterinary pharmacology were taken in the 18th century, but it was not until the mid 20th century that the science replaced the art of Materia Medica. This review traces the 20th century developments in veterinary pharmacology, with emphasis on the explosion of knowledge in the 35 year period to 2010. The range of factors which have influenced the current status of the discipline are reviewed. Future developments are considered from the perspectives of what might be regarded as desirable and those innovations that might be anticipated. We end with words of encouragement for young colleagues intent upon pursuing a career in veterinary pharmacology. © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Superficie Específica y Estado Vital de la Materia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. Hernando Ordoñez

1992-03-01

Full Text Available

Se propone reemplazar el término de materia viva por el de estado vital de la materia por considerarlo adecuado, pues la materia es la misma, lo que cambia es su estado. Se estudia la relación entre la superficie específica y el estado vital de la materia. Constante del estado vital y el valor crítico de la superficie específica. Qué es la fuerza de inducción vital? Diferenciación funcional de las células. Cómo regula la unidad biológica su superficie específica? La materia que piensa es el fenómeno más grandioso de la creación.

Sin entrar en disquisiciones sobre la naturaleza, manifestaciones y formas de la energía, me permito hacer unas a manera de divagaciones sobre los diferentes estados de la materia, que es una forma de la energía.

Estados de la materia

Sabemos que la mínima porción de la materia es el átomo, que tiene una composición compleja, que no es del caso estudiar. Los átomos pueden existir aislados y estar en lo que llamamos estado iónico. Si los átomos se juntan, forman moléculas, y su existencia constituye el estado molecular. Si las moléculas se juntan, forman complejos más grandes y tendremos las micelas, que constituyen el estado coloidal.

Hasta aquí nuestros conocimientos nos son familiares, triviales. Pero hay un estado más complejo, en el cual entra materia en estado iónico, molecular y coloidal entrelazados entre sí, con propiedades totalmente diferentes. La materia en este estado adquiere caracteres extraordinarios tales como el de crecer, reproducirse, independizarse de las leyes físicas, puede autorregular su composición química, autorregular sus manifestaciones físicas, reaccionar ante los estímulos más variados, puede llegar hasta alturas inconcebibles integrando ideas. A este estado fue al que llamé en publicación anterior (1 estado vital, concepto que fue corroborado más ‘tarde por J.R. Brown (2 cuando me coment

Dos enfoques no abordados en los modelos de calidad: CMM y SPICE.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yudith Rodríguez Pérez

2006-07-01

Full Text Available Muchas organizaciones de software tienden a resolver sus problemas de calidad institucionalizando sus procesos a través de la certificación de un modelo de calidad, sin tener en cuenta que en estos modelos no se abordan aspectos tan importantes en la vida de una organización como son la gestión de los recursos humanos y la gestión de comercialización. Con el objetivo de señalar cuales son las deficiencias de los modelos SPICE y CMM se desarrolla este trabajo.

Materia strana romanzo scientifico

CERN Document Server

Gómez Cadenas, Juan José

2012-01-01

Nel Laboratorio europeo per la fisica delle particelle, il CERN di Ginevra, sta per vedere la luce uno dei più grandi progressi scientifici di tutti i tempi: la scoperta di un nuovo stato della materia, il cosiddetto "plasma di quark". La direttrice del CERN, Helena Le Guin, teme però che insieme al plasma si stiano formando grumi letali di materia strana, in grado di scatenare una reazione a catena che potrebbe distruggere l'intero pianeta. Mentre Helena cerca disperatamente di far fronte alla crisi, a Ginevra arrivano Irene de Ávila, una giovane e promettente fisica teorica, e il maggiore Héctor Espinosa, un militare americano assegnato alla sede dell'ONU per lavorare a un progetto ultrasegreto legato alla non proliferazione delle armi nucleari: inizia così un'appassionante vicenda in cui convergono rivalità scientifiche, peripezie personali e rischiose operazioni di spionaggio che porteranno i protagonisti fino in Iran.

Reuse of worn-out medicaments with adsorbent properties for the removal of manganese

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Millan C, E.

2005-01-01

The current investigations on the treatment of worn-out medicaments in Mexico, reveal that most of these treatments are carried out with the purpose to reduce the packing and diminish the toxic level that presents each one of those medicaments. That it reach to reuse of them is their packing material and/or their cover. Once treated, the worn-out medicaments move to a sanitary filler. With relationship to the investigation works that have been carried out for the manganese removal in solution, they show a great number of materials that they are used for this end, as well as the parameters that influence in the process, such as the concentration of the element, the solution type in that is content and the pH. However, it is not mentioned in none of them the reuse of the worn-out medicaments (Talcid and Melox), as adsorbent materials for the removal of metals from the water. To carry out the present investigation they were selected therefore, to the one Talcid and the Melox because its present adsorbent properties, with the purpose to remove the manganese like water pollutant. Once that the worn-out medicaments were obtained, they put on in contact with different organic solvents, to obtain the active principle, due to the pharmaceutical presentation of the two medicaments that was obtained was in suspension. The active principles of the two medicaments were characterized by means of high vacuum scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elementary microanalysis (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental part consisted in putting in contact manganese solutions with the active principles of the worn-out medicaments, varying the time of contact and the concentration. The manganese quantification in the liquid phase carried out by means of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). It was found that the kinetic model that better describes the sorption process of manganese in both worn-out medicaments (Talcid and Melox) it is that of pseudo second order. Those results of

[Development of rapid setting-drying device for herbarium specimens and its application in survey of Chinese materia medica resources in Anhui].

Science.gov (United States)

Zheng, Han; Xu, Tao; Li, Chuan-Run; Sun, Xiao-Mei; Xiang, Long; Zhao, Wei-Bo; Liu, He-Ling; Zhou, Jian-Li; Yang, Qing-Shan; Peng, Dai-Yin

2016-07-01

Herbarium specimens are the basis for the plant classification and indispensable media in teaching, scientific research and resources investigation. They have also played an important role in identifying and producing traditional Chinese medicine. High-quality herbarium specimens shall meet high requirements for integrity, smoothness, color and fabricating efficiency. Therefore, we designed a rapid setting and drying device for herbarium specimens, which could make the herbarium specimens smooth, colorful and not easy to mildew. In this paper, we pointed out the deficiency of traditional methods in making herbarium specimens, and introduced the structure and working principle of the device. Besides, we also discussed the effect of the device in setting and drying herbarium specimens and its application in the fourth national survey of the Chinese material medica resources (CMMR) in Anhui province. As a result, the device provides new ideas for producing herbarium specimens, with a reasonable design, good uniformity, high efficiency, safety and portability, and so is worthy of promotion and application in the national survey of CMMR. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Research on the method of improving the accuracy of CMM (coordinate measuring machine) testing aspheric surface

Science.gov (United States)

Cong, Wang; Xu, Lingdi; Li, Ang

2017-10-01

Large aspheric surface which have the deviation with spherical surface are being used widely in various of optical systems. Compared with spherical surface, Large aspheric surfaces have lots of advantages, such as improving image quality, correcting aberration, expanding field of view, increasing the effective distance and make the optical system compact, lightweight. Especially, with the rapid development of space optics, space sensor resolution is required higher and viewing angle is requred larger. Aspheric surface will become one of the essential components in the optical system. After finishing Aspheric coarse Grinding surface profile error is about Tens of microns[1].In order to achieve the final requirement of surface accuracy,the aspheric surface must be quickly modified, high precision testing is the basement of rapid convergence of the surface error . There many methods on aspheric surface detection[2], Geometric ray detection, hartmann detection, ronchi text, knifeedge method, direct profile test, interferometry, while all of them have their disadvantage[6]. In recent years the measure of the aspheric surface become one of the import factors which are restricting the aspheric surface processing development. A two meter caliber industrial CMM coordinate measuring machine is avaiable, but it has many drawbacks such as large detection error and low repeatability precision in the measurement of aspheric surface coarse grinding , which seriously affects the convergence efficiency during the aspherical mirror processing. To solve those problems, this paper presents an effective error control, calibration and removal method by calibration mirror position of the real-time monitoring and other effective means of error control, calibration and removal by probe correction and the measurement mode selection method to measure the point distribution program development. This method verified by real engineer examples, this method increases the original industrial

[Essentials of pharmacophylogeny: knowledge pedigree, epistemology and paradigm shift].

Science.gov (United States)

Hao, Da-cheng; Xiao, Pei-gen; Liu, Li-wei; Peng, Yong; He, Chun-nian

2015-09-01

Chinese materia medica resource (CMM resource) is the foundation of the development of traditional Chinese medicine. In the study of sustainable utilization of CMM resource, adopting innovative theory and method to find new CMM resource is one of hotspots and always highlighted. Pharmacophylogeny interrogates the phylogenetic relationship of medicinal organisms (especially medicinal plants), as well as the intrinsic correlation of morphological taxonomy, molecular phylogeny, chemical constituents, and therapeutic efficacy (ethnopharmacology and pharmacological activity). This new discipline may have the power to change the way we utilize medicinal plant resources and develop plant-based drugs. Phylogenomics is the crossing of evolutionary biology and genomics, in which genome data are utilized for evolutionary reconstructions. Phylogenomics can be integrated into the flow chart of drug discovery and development, and extends the field of pharmacophylogeny at the omic level, thus the concept of pharmacophylogenomics could be redefined in the context of plant pharmaceutical resources. This contribution gives a brief discourse of knowledge pedigree of pharmacophylogeny, epistemology and paradigm shift, highlighting the theoretical and practical values of pharmacophylogenomics. Many medicinally important tribes and genera, such as Clematis, Pulsatilla, Anemone, Cimicifugeae, Nigella, Delphinieae, Adonideae, Aquilegia, Thalictrum, and Coptis, belong to Ranunculaceae family. Compared to other plant families, Ranunculaceae has the most species that are recorded in China Pharmacopoeia (CP) 2010. However, many Ranunculaceae species, e. g., those that are closely related to CP species, as well as those endemic to China, have not been investigated in depth, and their phylogenetic relationship and potential in medicinal use remain elusive. As such, it is proposed to select Ranunculaceae to exemplify the utility of pharmacophylogenomics and to elaborate the new concept

3D CMM strain-gauge triggering probe error characteristics modeling using fuzzy logic

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Achiche, Sofiane; Wozniak, A; Fan, Zhun

2008-01-01

FKBs based on two optimization paradigms are used for the reconstruction of the direction- dependent probe error w. The angles beta and gamma are used as input variables of the FKBs; they describe the spatial direction of probe triggering. The learning algorithm used to generate the FKBs is a real......The error values of CMMs depends on the probing direction; hence its spatial variation is a key part of the probe inaccuracy. This paper presents genetically-generated fuzzy knowledge bases (FKBs) to model the spatial error characteristics of a CMM module-changing probe. Two automatically generated...

Effect of intracanal medicament on bond strength of fibre posts

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Huda Melike Bayram

2016-07-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium hydroxide (CH, triple antibiotic paste (TAP and double antibiotic paste (DAP on the push-out bond strengths of three different self-adhesive resin cements. Forty-eight single-rooted human maxillary central incisors were selected. The crowns were removed and the root canals were performed. After the irrigation protocols, the post space was prepared. The teeth were then randomly divided into a control group (no intracanal medicament and three medicament groups (n = 12 for each group. After three weeks, the medicaments were removed using 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and EndoActivator agitation. The teeth were divided into three subgroups according to the fibre-post luting cement: Maxcem Elite, RelyX Unicem and BisCem. The specimens were sectioned and the push-out test was performed. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests were used for statistical analyses. Regarding the type of cement, BisCem had significantly lower bond strength values than Maxcem and RelyX. There was no significant difference between the bond strength values of Maxcem and RelyX (p > 0.05. The TAP-RelyX group had the highest bond strength value and the DAP-BisCem group had the lowest bond strength value. RelyX and Maxcem had higher bond strength to root canal dentin than BisCem. The bond strength of BisCem, RelyX and Maxcem was not negatively affected by the use of DAP, CH and TAP as intracanal medicaments.

Use of digital applications in the medicament calculation education for nursing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Gilberto Fernandes Pereira

Full Text Available Objective.To evaluate the influence of the use of digital applications in medicament calculation education for nursing students. Methods. An experimental study was developed with a sample of 100 nursing students, who were divided randomly into two groups (use of the Calculation Medicines - CalcMed application - available free on the Internet, n=50 and control (conventional method of the calculator use and pre-math skills, n=50. Both groups were assessed before and after the application of the teaching strategy through a test with ten specific questions of medicament calculations. Results. The study group showed a mean score of 8.14 versus an average of 5.02 in the control group. The average time of test execution was faster in the study group compared to the control group (15.7 versus 38.9 minutes. Conclusion. The strategy of using this application positively influences learning and enables greater security in the implementation of medicament calculations.

Patterns and Environmental Determinants of Medicinal Plant : Vascular Plant Ratios in Xinjiang, Northwest China

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Bengang; Xiao, Peigen; Qi, Yaodong; Zhang, Zhao; Liu, Haitao; Li, Xiaojin; Wang, Guoping; Terwei, André

2016-01-01

With both a full collection of native vascular plant distributions and a full checklist of source plants of the Chinese Materia Medica (CMM), the Uygur Medicine (UM), and the Kazak Medicine (KM) for the Xinjiang region, we defined medicinal plant: vascular plant ratios (simplified as medicinal plant ratios hereafter) as the value of medicinal plant richness divided by vascular plant richness. We aimed to find whether the ratios are constant or change in different environments, which environmental variables determine medicinal plant ratios, and whether the ratios are more influenced by human or by natural environments. Finally, suggestions for medicinal plant conservation were addressed. We found that (1) medicinal plant ratios were not constant, and they were high in the Tarim Basin which was largely covered by desert, while they were relatively low in mountainous areas, especially in the Tianshan Mountains where the general species richness was high; (2) medicinal plant ratios were not significantly influenced by human activities, indicated by human population density distributions, but they were highly correlated with plant species richness and climate, i.e. ratios decreased with plant species richness and MAP, and were related quadratically with MAT; (3) CMM ratio and UM ratio were more influenced by plant richness than by climate, while KM ratio was more influenced by climate. We concluded that the percentages of plants used as medicines were not influenced by distances from human settlements, but were determined by species richness or climate. We suggest that (1), in general, the medicinal plant ratio could be a complementary indicator for medicinal plant conservation planning and (2), for the region of Xinjiang, not only high diversity areas, but also some extreme environments should be considered as compensation for a better protection of medicinal plants. PMID:27391239

Patterns and Environmental Determinants of Medicinal Plant : Vascular Plant Ratios in Xinjiang, Northwest China.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liping Li

Full Text Available With both a full collection of native vascular plant distributions and a full checklist of source plants of the Chinese Materia Medica (CMM, the Uygur Medicine (UM, and the Kazak Medicine (KM for the Xinjiang region, we defined medicinal plant: vascular plant ratios (simplified as medicinal plant ratios hereafter as the value of medicinal plant richness divided by vascular plant richness. We aimed to find whether the ratios are constant or change in different environments, which environmental variables determine medicinal plant ratios, and whether the ratios are more influenced by human or by natural environments. Finally, suggestions for medicinal plant conservation were addressed. We found that (1 medicinal plant ratios were not constant, and they were high in the Tarim Basin which was largely covered by desert, while they were relatively low in mountainous areas, especially in the Tianshan Mountains where the general species richness was high; (2 medicinal plant ratios were not significantly influenced by human activities, indicated by human population density distributions, but they were highly correlated with plant species richness and climate, i.e. ratios decreased with plant species richness and MAP, and were related quadratically with MAT; (3 CMM ratio and UM ratio were more influenced by plant richness than by climate, while KM ratio was more influenced by climate. We concluded that the percentages of plants used as medicines were not influenced by distances from human settlements, but were determined by species richness or climate. We suggest that (1, in general, the medicinal plant ratio could be a complementary indicator for medicinal plant conservation planning and (2, for the region of Xinjiang, not only high diversity areas, but also some extreme environments should be considered as compensation for a better protection of medicinal plants.

Patterns and Environmental Determinants of Medicinal Plant : Vascular Plant Ratios in Xinjiang, Northwest China.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Liping; Zhang, Bengang; Xiao, Peigen; Qi, Yaodong; Zhang, Zhao; Liu, Haitao; Li, Xiaojin; Wang, Guoping; Terwei, André

2016-01-01

With both a full collection of native vascular plant distributions and a full checklist of source plants of the Chinese Materia Medica (CMM), the Uygur Medicine (UM), and the Kazak Medicine (KM) for the Xinjiang region, we defined medicinal plant: vascular plant ratios (simplified as medicinal plant ratios hereafter) as the value of medicinal plant richness divided by vascular plant richness. We aimed to find whether the ratios are constant or change in different environments, which environmental variables determine medicinal plant ratios, and whether the ratios are more influenced by human or by natural environments. Finally, suggestions for medicinal plant conservation were addressed. We found that (1) medicinal plant ratios were not constant, and they were high in the Tarim Basin which was largely covered by desert, while they were relatively low in mountainous areas, especially in the Tianshan Mountains where the general species richness was high; (2) medicinal plant ratios were not significantly influenced by human activities, indicated by human population density distributions, but they were highly correlated with plant species richness and climate, i.e. ratios decreased with plant species richness and MAP, and were related quadratically with MAT; (3) CMM ratio and UM ratio were more influenced by plant richness than by climate, while KM ratio was more influenced by climate. We concluded that the percentages of plants used as medicines were not influenced by distances from human settlements, but were determined by species richness or climate. We suggest that (1), in general, the medicinal plant ratio could be a complementary indicator for medicinal plant conservation planning and (2), for the region of Xinjiang, not only high diversity areas, but also some extreme environments should be considered as compensation for a better protection of medicinal plants.

Acta informatica medica is indexed in pubmed and archived in pubmed central.

Science.gov (United States)

Masic, Izet

2013-03-01

Acta Informatica Medica journal has been accepted for archiving in PubMed Central from 2011 onward. The journal started in 1993 as the official journal of the Society for Medical Informatics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the last 3 years, Acta Informatica Medica has een included in almost all prestigious online databases, including PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE. The 20th volume of the journal is fully international, with papers from 18 countries.

Materias activas permitidas en producción integrada. Frutales de hueso 2016

OpenAIRE

Departamento de Desarrollo Rural y Sostenibilidad

2016-01-01

Materias activas admitidas en producción integrada para frutales de hueso y las restricciones de uso. Las materias activas de nueva inclusión se indican con asterisco y son admitidas a partir del 1 de enero de 2016.

Simultaneous Determination of Flavonols and Terpene Lactones in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing ... were collected following oral administration of four different preparations and the ... disadvantages. ..... biloba leaf extracts to rats via different routes of.

The toxicology of Octopus maculosa: the blue-ringed octopus.

Science.gov (United States)

Bonnet, M S

1999-10-01

The biotoxicology of the Australian blue-ringed octopus is detailed with the view of introducing it as a remedy into the homoeopathic Materia Medica and stimulating the second step of proving this venom.

KAEMPFEROL, A FLAVONOID COMPOUND FROM GYNURA MEDICA INDUCED APOPTOSIS AND GROWTH INHIBITION IN MCF-7 BREAST CANCER CELL

OpenAIRE

Yi, Xiaofang; Zuo, Jiangcheng; Tan, Chao; Xian, Sheng; Luo, Chunhua; Chen, Sai; Yu, Liangfang; Luo, Yucheng

2016-01-01

Background: Kaempferol, a natural flavonoid, has been shown to induce cancer cell apoptosis and cell growth inhibition in several tumors. Previously we have conducted a full investigation on the chemical constituents of Gynura medica, kaempferol and its glycosides are the major constituents of G. medica. Here we investigated the growth inhibition and apoptosis induction effect of kaempferol extracted from G. medica. Materials and Methods: The inhibition effects of kaempferol were evaluated by...

The risk of severe salicylate poisoning following the ingestion of topical medicaments or aspirin.

OpenAIRE

Chan, T. Y.

1996-01-01

Apart from isolated reports of severe salicylate poisoning after ingesting an unusually large amount of a medicinal oil, there are no published data on the threat arising from attempted suicide with topical medicaments containing methyl salicylate or wintergreen oil compared with aspirin tablets. In this retrospective study, the admission plasma salicylate concentrations and clinical presentations were compared in 80 subjects who had taken aspirin tablets (n = 42) or topical medicaments (n = ...

Publications | Page 576 | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Results 5751 - 5760 of 6341 ... Journal articles ... Report on workshops for the development of Materia Medica Regulations for ... Natural resources systems programme R8494 annex A : scientific report; tracking social capital outcomes and ...

Relationship of intracanal medicaments to endodontic flare-ups.

Science.gov (United States)

Trope, M

1990-10-01

The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of three intracanal medicaments on the incidence of post-instrumentation flare-ups. All teeth were instrumented to a predetermined minimum size using a 0.5% solution of sodium hypochlorite as the irrigant. Formocresol, Ledermix, and calcium hydroxide were placed in strict sequence irrespective of the presence or absence of symptoms or radiographic signs of apical periodontitis. The patients were given written post-operative instructions and a prescription for 600 mg ibuprofen to be taken if mild to moderate pain developed. If severe pain and/or swelling developed the patient was instructed to call the office immediately and was considered to have had a flare-up. Twelve flare-ups occurred in teeth with radiographic signs of apical periodontitis; none in teeth without periapical radiolucencies. Six of the twelve flare-ups occurred in retreatment cases and the other six occurred in teeth without previous endodontic treatment. No significant difference was found in the flare-up rate among the three intracanal medicaments.

Creato un nuovo stato della materia

CERN Document Server

Valsecchi, M C

2004-01-01

"Nei laboratori di tutto il mondo nascono continuamente nuovi materiali plastici, leghe di metallo, molecole progettate e assemblate atomo per atomo. I ricercatori dell'Istituto nazionale di fisica nucleare hanno fatto un passo in piu': manipolando i costituenti fondamentali dei nuclei atomici, hanno creato una nuova forma di materia, radicalmente diversa da quella che noi conosciamo" (1 page)

Yeast α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Phenolic Compounds Isolated from Gynura medica Leaf

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chao Tan

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Gynura medica leaf extract contains significant amounts of flavonols and phenolic acids and exhibits powerful hypoglycemic activity against diabetic rats in vivo. However, the hypoglycemic active constituents that exist in the plant have not been fully elaborated. The purpose of this study is to isolate and elaborate the hypoglycemic activity compounds against inhibition the yeast α-glucosidase in vitro. Seven phenolic compounds including five flavonols and two phenolic acids were isolated from the leaf of G. medica. Their structures were identified by the extensive NMR and mass spectral analyses as: kaempferol (1, quercetin (2, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (4, rutin (5, chlorogenic acid (6 and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (7. All of the compounds except 1 and 3 were isolated for the first time from G. medica. Compounds 1–7 were also assayed for their hypoglycemic activity against yeast α-glucosidase in vitro. All of the compounds except 1 and 6 showed good yeast α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with the IC50 values of 1.67 mg/mL, 1.46 mg/mL, 0.38 mg/mL, 0.10 mg/mL and 0.53 mg/mL, respectively.

Estado Vital de la Materia. Su origen, su evolución y su futuro.

OpenAIRE

J. Hernando Ordoñez

2001-01-01

En este artlculo se hacen algunas observaciones sobre un estado de la materia (estado vital), propuesto para reemplazar el de materia viva, que se usa habitualmente.

La materia en estado vital se organiza por una fuerza interna, que podríamos calificar como inteligente, que hace que los átomos se orienten y se organicen con determinada finalidad para fabricar células, para modelar órganos y, éstos, para culminar su obra integrándose con la armonía más admirable, par...

Protective effect of Radix Bupleuri extract against liver cirrhosis in rats

African Journals Online (AJOL)

1Department of Oncology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430060, 2Department ... 1 Hospital; 4Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hubei Institute for Food and Drug .... cirrhosis model rats that were treated with oral.

Review of the Journal Acta Informatica Medica During Eight Year Period: 2008-2015.

Science.gov (United States)

Masic, Izet; Begic, Edin; Zunic, Lejla

2016-04-01

Acta Informatica Medica is official journal of the Academy for Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina (from 2014 Acta Inform Med is published bimonthly). To evaluate journal "Acta Informatica Medica" in 2015 and compare findings to previous years. The study has retrospective and descriptive character, and included the period 2008-2015 (included 36 issues of journal). A total of 83 (average 13,8 articles per journal) articles were published in Acta Informatica Medica during 2015. Analyzing the type of articles, original articles are present in majority during 2015 (68,6%) (by analyzing last eight years, 310 (67,3%) were original). During 2015, 27,7% of articles were related to the applied of Health informatics in field of clinical medicine, 63,8% preclinical medicine and 8,5% to public health. Collaboration rate in 2015 was 0,84. Most often the time required for decision on acceptance of article in 2015 is between 50 and 60 days. Articles came from 16 countries. According to scimagojr.com for 2014, Acta Informatica Medica has SCImago Journal Rank 0,166, while Cites / Doc. (2 years) parameter (widely used as impact index) is 0,70. According to GoogleScholar, h5 index is 11 and h5 median is 19. We analyzed the Acta Informatica Medica by "Publish or Perish" software - H index was 14, g index was 19 and e-index was 10.39. Year after year the highest number of original articles are published. Although the period of revision of articles is acceptable, the period up to two months is certainly not long, the goal is to reduce this period. Although the magazine in mentioned field found its place, although it is indexed in numerous bases, including: PubMed, PubMed Central, SCOPUS, EMBASE, EBSCO, etc. The main goal for next year is that the magazine becomes part of the Web of Science. Imperative is further internationalization of the magazine.

Estado Vital de la Materia. Su origen, su evolución y su futuro.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. Hernando Ordoñez

2001-04-01

Full Text Available

En este artlculo se hacen algunas observaciones sobre un estado de la materia (estado vital, propuesto para reemplazar el de materia viva, que se usa habitualmente.

La materia en estado vital se organiza por una fuerza interna, que podríamos calificar como inteligente, que hace que los átomos se orienten y se organicen con determinada finalidad para fabricar células, para modelar órganos y, éstos, para culminar su obra integrándose con la armonía más admirable, para constituirse en organismos ya sea vegetales o animales.

Los planetas no tienen materia en estado vital; son masas que giran y giran, aparentemente sin finalidad conocida. En cambio, en nuestro planeta una buena parte de su masa adquirió vida, lo que llamamos biomasa, que abarca todos los organismos vivos, tanto vegetales como animales, en una proporción tal que si se pudiera calcular su peso nos daría cifras astronómicas.

Sobre el futuro de nuestro sol los científicos predicen que en los próximos 1.100 millones de años aumentará su luminosidad en un 10%. Esto sobre calentará a la Tierra como consecuencia de un severo efecto de invernadero. El agua de los mares y océanos hervirá y la vida en el planeta se extinguirá.

El universo está constituido por energía y materia, que pueden transformarse la una en la otra. La energía se presenta en varias fases, entre ellas, en la energía eléctrica, la luz y el calor, cuya naturaleza íntima nos es tan desconocida. La materia también está en varios estados: sólido, líquido, gaseoso, iónico, molecular y coloidal.

En el presente estudio intento hacer algunas observaciones sobre otro estado de la materia, que he denominado estado vital, nombre que propongo para reemplazar el de materia viva, que se usa habitualmente. Par hacerlo me baso en una consideración elemental: los átomos que integran la biomasa terrestre son los mismos que constituyen la materia inerte, no están vivos. En

[Freeze drying process optimization of ginger juice-adjuvant for Chinese materia medica processing and stability of freeze-dried ginger juice powder].

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Chun-Yu; Guo, Feng-Qian; Zang, Chen; Cao, Hui; Zhang, Bao-Xian

2018-02-01

Ginger juice， a commonly used adjuvant for Chinese materia medica， is applied in processing of multiple Chinese herbal decoction pieces. Because of the raw materials and preparation process of ginger juice， it is difficult to be preserved for a long time， and the dosage of ginger juice in the processing can not be determined base on its content of main compositions. Ginger juice from different sources is hard to achieve consistent effect during the processing of traditional Chinese herbal decoction pieces. Based on the previous studies， the freeze drying of ginger juice under different shelf temperatures and vacuum degrees were studied， and the optimized freeze drying condition of ginger juice was determined. The content determination method for 6-gingerol， 8-gingerol， 10-gingerol and 6-shagaol in ginger juice and redissolved ginger juice was established. The content changes of 6-gingerol， 8-gingerol， 10-gingerol， 6-gingerol， 6-shagaol， volatile oil and total phenol were studied through the drying process and 30 days preservation period. The results showed that the freeze drying time of ginger juice was shortened after process optimization; the compositions basically remained unchanged after freeze drying， and there was no significant changes in the total phenol content and gingerol content， but the volatile oil content was significantly decreased( P <0.05). Within 30 days， the contents of gingerol， total phenol， and volatile oil were on the decline as a whole. This study has preliminarily proved the feasibility of freeze-drying process of ginger juice as an adjuvant for Chinese medicine processing. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Ethno-diversity within current ethno-pharmacology as part of Israeli traditional medicine – A review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lev Efraim

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract The Holy Land has absorbed millions of immigrants in recent centuries: Jews from East and West, Druze, Circassians, Muslim and Christian Arabs. The land is unique and diverse in geographical location and ethnic groups, and also in its cultural characteristics, including traditional medicine and use of materia medica. However, these traditions have waned over the years. The young state of Israel adopted a "melting pot" approach to fashion Jews from all over the world into Israelis. The traditional medicine and materia medica of different ethnic groups (Yemenite, Iranian, and Iraqi Jews are reviewed in this paper, as well as the ethno-botanical survey (first conducted in the 1980s, covering Bedouins, Druze, Circassians, and Muslim and Christian Arabs, and the matching ethno-pharmacological survey (conducted in the late 1990s covering the medicines sold in stores. Present-day healers are usually not young and are believed to be the end of the chain of traditional medical knowledge. The ethno-diversity of Israel is becoming blurred; modernity prevails, and ethnic characteristics are fading. The characteristic lines of traditional medicine and materia medica have hardly lasted three generations. A salient former dividing line between ethnic groups, namely their use of different medicinal substances, paradoxically becomes a bridge for conservative users of all groups and religions. Shops selling these substances have become centers for "nostalgia" and preserving the oriental heritage, traditional medicine, and medicinal substances!

[Hypochondria sine materia as a psychosomatic problem: a model of hypochondriac disorders realized in the cutaneous sphere].

Science.gov (United States)

Smulevich, A B; Dorozhenok, I Iu; Romanov, D V; L'vov, A N

2012-01-01

Hypochondria sine materia is a disorder with physical complains corresponding to no any somatic diagnosis. Hypochondria sine materia is a more complicated psychopathological condition compared to hypochondria cum materia. Hypochondria sine materia could be diagnosed not only in psychiatry, but mainly in general medicine. It is especially prevalent in dermatology. As a result of analysis of hypochondriac disorders involving cutaneous sphere in patients without dermatological diseases, a binary model of psychodermatological syndromes presenting with hypochondria sine materia in dermatology was developed. The binary structure of the psychodermatological syndromes includes secondary psychiatric symptoms based on primary coenesthesiopathic phenomena. The heterogeneous psychodermatological syndromes (cutaneous organ neurosis, impulsive excoriations syndrome, circumscripta hypochondria, coenesthesiopathic paranoia) could be arranged in a continuum of consecutively worsening conditions from neurotic to psychotic severity register. The syndromes differ in clinical and social prognosis requiring different approach to diagnosis and treatment.

A scanning contact probe for a micro-coordinate measuring machine (CMM)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fan, Kuang-Chao; Cheng, Fang; Wang, Weili; Chen, Yejin; Lin, Jia-You

2010-01-01

A new high precision contact scanning probe able to measure miniature components on a micro/nano-coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is proposed. This contact probe is composed of a fiber stylus with a ball tip, a floating plate and focus sensors. The stylus is attached to a floating plate, which is connected to the probe housing via four elastic wires. When the probe tip is touched and then deflected by the workpiece, the wires experience elastic deformations and the four mirrors mounted on the plate will be displaced. These displacements can be detected by four corresponding laser focus probes. To calibrate this touch trigger probe, a double-trigger method is developed for a high-speed approach and a low-speed touch. Experimental results show that the probe has a symmetric contact property in the horizontal XY plane. The contact force is found to be about 109 µN. The standard deviation of the unidirectional touch is less than 10 nm and the pre-travel distance is around 10 nm with a standard deviation of less than 3 nm

Variations of 57Fe hyperfine parameters in medicaments containing ferrous fumarate and ferrous sulfate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oshtrakh, M. I.; Novikov, E. G.; Dubiel, S. M.; Semionkin, V. A.

2010-01-01

Several commercially available medicaments containing ferrous fumarate (FeC 4 H 2 O 4 ) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO 4 ), as a source of ferrous iron, were studied using a high velocity resolution Mössbauer spectroscopy. A comparison of the 57 Fe hyperfine parameters revealed small variations for the main components in both medicaments indicating some differences in the ferrous fumarates and ferrous sulfates. It was also found that all spectra contained additional minor components probably related to ferrous and ferric impurities or to partially modified main components.

Meta-analysis as Statistical and Analytical Method of Journal's Content Scientific Evaluation.

Science.gov (United States)

Masic, Izet; Begic, Edin

2015-02-01

A meta-analysis is a statistical and analytical method which combines and synthesizes different independent studies and integrates their results into one common result. Analysis of the journals "Medical Archives", "Materia Socio Medica" and "Acta Informatica Medica", which are located in the most eminent indexed databases of the biomedical milieu. The study has retrospective and descriptive character, and included the period of the calendar year 2014. Study included six editions of all three journals (total of 18 journals). In this period was published a total of 291 articles (in the "Medical Archives" 110, "Materia Socio Medica" 97, and in "Acta Informatica Medica" 84). The largest number of articles was original articles. Small numbers have been published as professional, review articles and case reports. Clinical events were most common in the first two journals, while in the journal "Acta Informatica Medica" belonged to the field of medical informatics, as part of pre-clinical medical disciplines. Articles are usually required period of fifty to fifty nine days for review. Articles were received from four continents, mostly from Europe. The authors are most often from the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, then Iran, Kosovo and Macedonia. The number of articles published each year is increasing, with greater participation of authors from different continents and abroad. Clinical medical disciplines are the most common, with the broader spectrum of topics and with a growing number of original articles. Greater support of the wider scientific community is needed for further development of all three of the aforementioned journals.

[Medicaments and oral healthcare 4. Pharmacotherapy in (frail and care dependent) older people].

Science.gov (United States)

de Baat, C; van der Putten, G J; Visser, A; Vissink, A

2017-05-01

Polypharmacy is the consequence of multimorbidity. Both phenomena may cause functional limitations and/or frailty and/or care dependency in older people. In the human body, a medicament undergoes at least 3 important actions: absorption, distribution and elimination. These actions may proceed aberrantly in older people. Following interaction with receptors, a medicament triggers a chain reaction in the human body. The receptors and each link of the chain reaction may be subject to changes due to diseases as well as ageing. This, particularly, is the case with regard to medications directed towards the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system. Furthermore, interactions may occur between various medications mutually and between medications on the one hand and on the other hand food and water intake, self-medication with herbs, and diseases. Moreover, older people usually experience more adverse effects of medications when compared to younger people. This is due to altered body actions and reactions, polypharmacy and the many possible interactions. In older people, utilisation and intake of medications often give rise to problems that can be divided into medicament-related, patient-related, care- and care provider-related and other problems.

Bread as Food and Medicament in Oribasius’ Writings

OpenAIRE

Kokoszko, Maciej; Jagusiak, Krzysztof; Dybała, Jolanta

2016-01-01

Treatises left by Oribasius (first and foremost his Collectiones medicae and Eclogae medicamentorum) preserve a vast body of information on the varieties of bread eaten in late antiquity, characterise them from the point of view of dietetics, list medical conditions in which a given variety is especially beneficial, and name medical preparations which include the product. The present study elaborates on Oribasius’ dietetic knowledge and his input into the development of dietetic discourse (na...

204: THE ROLE OF IMCI PROGRAM IN THE RATIONALIZATION OF MEDICAMENT USE IN PEDIATRICS

Science.gov (United States)

Ahmad, Chreitah

2017-01-01

Background and aims Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) is an EBM guideline prepared by WHO and UNICEF guideline in primary health care for better assessment and management in pediatrics. The study was carried out to demonstrate the reduction of medicament prescription by the application of IMCI program in two months up to five years old children presenting with an infectious disease. Methods Before and after study was carried out in July 2012 at a pediatric E.R children who met with the inclusion criteria were rolled in: ▸ Consulting for infectious disease. ▸ With no anterior treatment with antibiotics. ▸ No need of hospitalization. In total 112 patients were assessed separately by two groups of doctors (classical approach vs. IMCI guideline). The two prescriptions of each patient were analyzed using Mac Nemar, comparison of proportion tests. Results 112 patients (64 boys, 48 girls) with cough, diarrhea, sore throat, otalgia and fever were studied. In total 280 medicaments were prescribed firstly vs. 160 medicaments with IMCI guideline (P<0.0001). There were 103 oral antibiotics prescribed vs. 28 with IMCI guideline (P<0.0001). There were 20 intra muscular injections prescribed (15 antibiotics) vs. 9 with IMCI guideline (P<0.02). Only 37 antibiotics were justified vs. 82 non-justified (p<0.0001). Conclusion the assessment and management by IMCI program for children age 2 months up to 5 years in outpatient clinic may contribute for a better prescription with a significant reduction in total medicament prescribed, in oral antibiotics and intra muscular injections.

Variations of {sup 57}Fe hyperfine parameters in medicaments containing ferrous fumarate and ferrous sulfate

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oshtrakh, M. I., E-mail: oshtrakh@mail.utnet.ru; Novikov, E. G. [Ural Federal University (The former Ural State Technical University-UPI), Faculty of Physical Techniques and Devices for Quality Control (Russian Federation); Dubiel, S. M. [AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Computer Science (Poland); Semionkin, V. A. [Ural Federal University (The former Ural State Technical University-UPI), Faculty of Physical Techniques and Devices for Quality Control (Russian Federation)

2010-04-15

Several commercially available medicaments containing ferrous fumarate (FeC{sub 4}H{sub 2}O{sub 4}) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO{sub 4}), as a source of ferrous iron, were studied using a high velocity resolution Moessbauer spectroscopy. A comparison of the {sup 57}Fe hyperfine parameters revealed small variations for the main components in both medicaments indicating some differences in the ferrous fumarates and ferrous sulfates. It was also found that all spectra contained additional minor components probably related to ferrous and ferric impurities or to partially modified main components.

advancing the frontiers of pharmacy profession to new horizons

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Prof.Thoithi

The practice of pharmacy has been changing over the years prompting pharmacists to explore new horizons. In many medical schools teaching of clinical pharmacology has been upgraded from the previous materia medica thus eroding the comparative advantage pharmacists previously enjoyed over their medical ...

Simultaneous Determination of Flavonols and Terpene Lactones in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Lactones in Beagle Dog Plasma by Ultra-Performance ... School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China ... Purpose: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the major compounds in Ginkgo leaf dosage ... pharmacological effect. .... conversion factor was calculated as in Eq 1.

Trazando la materia oscura con cúmulos globulares

Science.gov (United States)

Forte, J. C.

Se describe la estrategia adoptada para mapear la distribución de materia oscura y bariónica en galaxias elípticas cuyos cúmulos globulares están siendo observados con los telescopios VLT y Gemini. Se ejemplifican los resultados con los datos obtenidos en el cúmulo de Fornax.

Salving Distribution Information System on PT. Anugerah Argon Medica

OpenAIRE

Yunus, Halimah

2015-01-01

Medica's Argon godsend constitute moving firm at salving sell area filing system and its reporting is still utilize archives and ledger before utilizes.Data collecting on observational it utilizes to methodic observation, interview and `studi` is library.Meanwhile software development methods that is utilized is model Waterfall. Implementation of model Waterfall this was worded utilize `document`'s flowing charts, diagram context, `flow`'s data diagramdesignoutput` is input design databasedat...

[Status and future of natural resource for Chinese materia medica].

Science.gov (United States)

Ma, Xiao-jing; Guo, Juan; Tang, Jin-fu; Ma, Xiao-hui; Ma, Ying; Dai, Zhu-bo; Guo, Lan-ping; Huang, Lu-qi

2015-05-01

For thousands of years, the natural resource for Chinese materiamedica has been the foundation of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, which provides abundant medicine for human. In recent years, increasing demands and irrational exploitation led to a lot of problems such as rapid decrease of traditional Chinese herbs reserves, low quality of medicine and dismishing traditional cultures. These restricted the development of the traditional Chinese medicine. To solve these problems, scientists have done much work on investigating traditional Chinese medicine resources, exploring the metabolic pathway of bioactive ingredients, cultivating new varieties, and carrying out synthetic biology. These studies provided a theoretical basis for sustainable utilizationand future developmentof traditional Chinese medicine resources.

[Ecology suitability study of Chinese materia medica Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix].

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, You-Yuan; Yang, Yan-Mei; Ma, Xiao-Hui; Zhang, Xiao-Bo; Zhu, Shou-Dong; Jin, Ling

2016-09-01

This paper is aimed to predict ecology suitability distribution of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix and search the main ecological factors affecting the suitability distribution. The 313 distribution information about G. macrophylla, 186 distribution information about G. straminea, 343 distribution information about G. dauricaand 131 distribution information about G. crasicaulis were collected though investigation and network sharing platform data . The ecology suitable distribution factors for production Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix was analyzed respectively by the software of ArcGIS and MaxEnt with 55 environmental factors. The result of MaxEnt prediction was very well (AUC was above 0.9). The results of predominant factors analysis showed that precipitation and altitude were all the major factors impacting the ecology suitable of Getiana Macrophylla Radix production. G. macrophylla ecology suitable region was mainly concentrated in south of Gansu, Shanxi, central of Shaanxi and east of Qinghai provinces. G. straminea ecology suitable region was mainly concentrated in southwest of Gansu, east of Qinghai, north and northwest of Sichuan, east of Xizang province. G. daurica ecology suitable region was mainly concentrated in south and southwest of Gansu, east of Qinghai, Shanxi and north of Shaanxi province. G. crasicaulis ecology suitable region was mainly concentrated in Sichuan and north of Yunnan, east of Xizang, south of Gansu and east of Qinghai province. The ecological suitability distribution result of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix was consistent with each species actual distribution. The study could provide reference for the collection and protection of wild resources, meanwhile, provide the basis for the selection of cultivation area of Gentiana Macrophylla Radix. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Sun et al., Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2011) 8(3):224-229

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AJTCAM

Sun et al., Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2011) 8(3):224-229. 224. EFFECTS OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA-FUBAO DANGGUI JIAO ON EXPERIMENTAL. ENDOMETRIOSIS. Xing Sun*, Master; Lijue Chen, Master; Fanbo Zeng1,. Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong. University of Science ...

[Pharmaceutical research progress of rhynchophylla based on chemical stability].

Science.gov (United States)

Hao, Bo; Yang, Xiu-Juan; Feng, Yi; Hong, Yan-Long

2014-12-01

Rhynchophylla is a Chinese herb commonly used in clinical practice. It's also the primary herb of some famous Chinese herbal compound such as Tianma Gouteng decoction, and Lingyang Gouteng decoction. According the record from many previous materia medica literatures, rhynchophylla should be added later during decoction. Pharmaceutical research showed that rhynchophylla alkaloids were not stable. Which has resulted in many problems in the research and its application. For example, there was not a quantitative determination method in "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" of past and present versions, which seriously impacted its quality control and product application. Firstly, records from previous materia medica literatures and "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" were systematically sorted based on the chemical stability of rhynchophylla. Secondly, pharmaceutical research including chemical compositions and their stability, pharmacological effects, extraction process and quality analysis, was reviewed after reference of literatures published at home and abroad in recent decades. Positive reference and evidence for further research and development of rhynchophylla will be provided in the article.

Comparison of antibacterial efficacy of intracanal medicaments in multiple visit pulpectomies in primary molars-an in vivo study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lele G

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Antibacterial efficacy of formocresol, 2% gluteraldehyde and iodine-potassium iodide was assessed by obtaining cultures at consecutive appointments in multiple visit pulpectomies in primary molars. Formocresol and 2% gluteraldehyde were more effective as intracanal medicaments and caused significant reduction in the counts of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, thereby supporting the need for placing intracanal medicaments with antibacterial properties, in multiple visit pulpectomies in primary molars.

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

cadewumi

measurement of the Institute of Materia Medica of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Radix ranunculus ternati contains 16% of sugar, 1.2% of oil, and very little plant alkaloids (Yang et al., 1998). Japanese scholars have separated and identified monosaccharide constituents such as glucose, arabinose and galactose ...

The direct cytotoxic effects of medicaments used in endodontic regeneration on human dental pulp cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Labban, Nawaf; Yassen, Ghaeth H; Windsor, L Jack; Platt, Jeffrey A

2014-12-01

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of intracanal medicaments commonly used in endodontic regeneration on the survival of human dental pulp cells (DPCs). DPCs were cultured and exposed to either no medicament treatment or low concentrations (0.3-5 mg ml(-1) ) of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2 ], triple antibiotic paste (TAP), or double antibiotic paste (DAP) for 3 days. After that, toxicity to the DPCs was determined by lactate dehydrogenase activity assays (LDH) and cell proliferation was measured by colorimetric assays (WST-1). Two-way anova followed by Fisher's protected least significant differences was used for statistical analyses (α = 0.05). The group-by-concentration interactions were significant for the LDH and WST-1 assays (P medicaments tested in this study were not cytotoxic in cultured cells. However, these concentrations are much lower than the concentrations that have been advocated in endodontic regeneration. Furthermore, the negative effects of TAP on DPCs were detected at lower concentrations by using the WST-1 assays than by measuring the LDH release. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Salpeterzuurdestructie en ICP-MS analyse van biotisch materiaal en voeding

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Velde-Koerts T van der; LAC

2000-01-01

Voor de bepaling van elementen in voeding en biotisch materiaal werd een analytische methode ontwikkeld, bestaande uit een salpeterzuurdestructie en een ICP-MS-analyse. De destructie werd geoptimaliseerd op basis van de salpeterzuurconcentratie en de destructietijd. De ICP-MS-analyse werd

Funcionamento intelectual em pacientes pediátricos com epilepsia: comparação de crianças controladas com medicação, não controladas com medicação e controladas com cirurgia

OpenAIRE

Souza-Oliveira,Cecília; Escosi-Rosset,Sara; Funayama,Sandra S.; Terra,Vera C.; Machado,Hélio R.; Sakamoto,Américo C.

2010-01-01

OBJETIVO: Comparar o quociente intelectual (QI) em três grupos de crianças com epilepsia: 1) controlados com medicação, 2) não controlados com medicação e 3) controlados com cirurgia. MÉTODOS: Noventa e oito pacientes pediátricos, com idades entre 6 e 12 anos, foram selecionados de dezembro de 2007 a julho de 2008. A Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Crianças - terceira edição (WISC-III) foi utilizada para a avaliação neuropsicológica dos pacientes. Os resultados foram relacionados com a s...

Effect of four different intracanal medicaments on the apical seal of the root canal system: a dye extraction study.

Science.gov (United States)

Tandan, Monika; Hegde, Mithra N; Hegde, Priyadarshini

2014-01-01

The aim was to determine the effect of four different intracanal medicaments on the apical seal of the root canal system in vitro. Fifty freshly extracted intact human permanent maxillary central incisors were collected, stored and disinfected. The root canals were prepared to a master apical size of number 50 using step back technique. Depending upon the intracanal medicament used, the teeth were divided randomly into five groups of 10 teeth each including one control group and four experimental groups. Group A: No intracanal medicament. Group B: Calcium hydroxide powder mixed with distilled water. Group C: Calcium hydroxide gutta percha points (calcium hydroxide points). Group D: 1% chlorhexidine gel (hexigel). Group E: Chlorhexidine gutta percha points (Roeko Activ Points). The medication was left in canals for 14 days. Following removal of the intracanal medicament, all the groups were obturated with lateral compaction technique. The apical leakage was then evaluated using dye extraction method with the help of a spectrophotometer. RESULTS were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test, which showed statistically significant difference among the five groups tested. It can be concluded from this study that the control group showed least amount of leakage, whereas the 1% chlorhexidine gel group showed maximum amount of leakage. Apical leakage was observed with all the experimental groups with little variations in between them. Under the parameters of this study, it can be concluded that use of intracanal medicaments during endodontic treatment has a definite impact on the apical seal of the root canal system.

Publications | Page 581 | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Results 5801 - 5810 of 6374 ... Mn access to its toxic target, the brain, is a complex phenomenon subject to physiological and physiopathological processes; in which, among others, the route... Report on workshops for the development of Materia Medica Regulations for Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act No. 23 of 2002 ...

Simultaneous Determination of Flavonols and Terpene Lactones in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Lactones in Beagle Dog Plasma by Ultra-Performance ... School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, ... Matrix effect derived from QC samples was in the range of 85.09 – 113.14 %. ..... with the suitable weighting factor of 1/x. .... pharmacokinetic studies of G. biloba and its.

Immunity ratione materiae of foreign state officials before Rwandan ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The article seeks to determine when, as a matter of international law, foreign state officials should be granted immunity ratione materiae when they are sued in civil and criminal proceedings in Rwanda. It also investigates the questions as to whether this immunity can be waived by the state on behalf of which the official ...

Purposing Division Strategy for Pharmaceutical Producer Dexa Medica in the Demanding Market

Science.gov (United States)

Setiawati, Cut Irna; Wahyono, Agatha Christy

2017-01-01

This research aims to purpose the division strategy for a pharmaceutical producer in Kalimantan area, named Dexa Medica Samarinda. Currently, this firm is facing a competitive market condition and evolving a decline position in the market. This research uses qualitative research method by organising intensive interview to important informants so…

[Medicaments and oral healthcare 4. Pharmacotherapy in (frail and care dependent) older people].

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Baat, C. de; Putten, G.J. van der; Visser, A.; Vissink, A.

2017-01-01

Polypharmacy is the consequence of multimorbidity. Both phenomena may cause functional limitations and/or frailty and/or care dependency in older people. In the human body, a medicament undergoes at least 3 important actions: absorption, distribution and elimination. These actions may proceed

William Burchell's medical challenges: A 19th-century natural ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

One of the most riveting is his successful care of an assistant whose left hand was severely mutilated when a firearm exploded in his hands. Burchell was probably the first person to include the materia medica of the Khoi in an essentially European approach to the non-surgical management of such a serious condition.

The effective method for investigation meridian tropism theory in rats ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... was in accordance with the MT record of Xiheliu and confirmed that tamarixetin and kaempferide was the material bases of it on MT. This is the first report for the illumination of material basis and the mechanism of Xiheliu on MT by analysis the record of Xiheliu in Compendium of Materia Medica and experimental study.

IBARAKI materials design diffractometer (iMATERIA)-Versatile neutron diffractometer at J-PARC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishigaki, T.; Hoshikawa, A.; Yonemura, M.; Morishima, T.; Kamiyama, T.; Oishi, R.; Aizawa, K.; Sakuma, T.; Tomota, Y.; Arai, M.; Hayashi, M.; Ebata, K.; Takano, Y.; Komatsuzaki, K.; Asano, H.; Takano, Y.; Kasao, T.

2009-01-01

Ibaraki prefecture, the local government of the area for J-PARC site, was decided to build a versatile neutron diffractometer (IBARAKI Materials Design Diffractometer, iMATERIA) to promote an industrial application for neutron beam in J-PARC. iMATERIA is planned to be a high throughput diffractometer so that materials engineers and scientists can use it like the chemical analytical instruments in their materials development process. It covers in d range 0.18< d (A)<5 with Δd/d=0.16% at high resolution bank, and covers 5< d (A)<800 with gradually changing resolution at three detector bank (90 deg., low angle and small angle). Typical measuring time to obtain a 'Rietveld-quality' data is several minutes with the sample size of laboratory X-ray diffractometer. To promote industrial application, a utilization system for this diffractometer is required. We will establish a support system for both academic and industrial users who are willing to use neutron but have not been familiar with neutron diffraction. The analysis software is also very important for powder diffraction, we will also prepare a software package consisting of combination of several powder-diffraction software, structural databases and visualization. The construction of iMATERIA will be completed in the end of April 2008, as one of day-one instruments for J-PARC.

Non-scientific classification of Chinese herbal medicine as dietary supplement.

Science.gov (United States)

Bao, Kexin

2017-03-01

This article focuses the category status of Chinese herbal medicine in the United States where it has been mistakenly classifified as a dietary supplement. According to Yellow Emperor Canon of Internal Medicine (Huang Di Nei Jing), clinical treatment in broad sense is to apply certain poisonous medicines to fight against pathogeneses, by which all medicines have certain toxicity and side effect. From ancient times to modern society, all, or at least most, practitioners have used herbal medicine to treat patients' medical conditions. The educational curriculums in Chinese medicine (CM) comprise the courses of herbal medicine (herbology) and herbal formulae. The objective of these courses is to teach students to use herbal medicine or formulae to treat disease as materia medica. In contrast, dietary supplements are preparations intended to provide nutrients that are missing or are not consumed in suffificient quantity in a person's diet. In contrast, Chinese herbs can be toxic, which have been proven through laboratory research. Both clinical practice and research have demonstrated that Chinese herbal medicine is a special type of natural materia medica, not a dietary supplement.

Biblioteca Medica in Trient und die Initiative „Es gibt ein Kind im Krankenhaus … Schenk ihm ein Buch!“

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Trevisan, Sergio

2016-12-01

Full Text Available In the autumn of 2011 the Biblioteca Medica of the hospital in Trento (Italy received four thousand children’s and youth books. They were donated during a philanthropic action by customers of a bookstore chain. Together with volunteers of the ABIO Foundation, the Biblioteca Medica has partly donated these media to the children in the hospital and, with the rest of the books, organized some bookshelf at the pediatric wards.

A Software Module for High-Accuracy Calibration of Rings and Cylinders on CMM using Multi-Orientation Techniques (Multi-Step and Reversal methods)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tosello, Guido; De Chiffre, Leonardo

. The Centre for Geometrical Metrology (CGM) at the Technical University of Denmark takes care of free form measurements, in collaboration with DIMEG, University of Padova, Italy. The present report describes a software module, ROUNDCAL, to be used for high-accuracy calibration of rings and cylinders....... The purpose of the software is to calculate the form error and the least square circle of rings and cylinders by mean of average of pontwise measuring results becoming from so-called multi-orientation techniques (both reversal and multi-step methods) in order to eliminate systematic errors of CMM ....

KAEMPFEROL, A FLAVONOID COMPOUND FROM GYNURA MEDICA INDUCED APOPTOSIS AND GROWTH INHIBITION IN MCF-7 BREAST CANCER CELL.

Science.gov (United States)

Yi, Xiaofang; Zuo, Jiangcheng; Tan, Chao; Xian, Sheng; Luo, Chunhua; Chen, Sai; Yu, Liangfang; Luo, Yucheng

2016-01-01

Kaempferol, a natural flavonoid, has been shown to induce cancer cell apoptosis and cell growth inhibition in several tumors. Previously we have conducted a full investigation on the chemical constituents of Gynura medica , kaempferol and its glycosides are the major constituents of G. medica . Here we investigated the growth inhibition and apoptosis induction effect of kaempferol extracted from G. medica . The inhibition effects of kaempferol were evaluated by MTS assay and soft agar colony formation assay. Fluorescence staining and western blotting were be used to study the apoptosis. The structure was identified by 1 H- NMR), 13 C-NMR and ESI-MS analyses. Our results showed that kaempferol's inhibition of MCF-7 breast cancer cell growth may through inducing apoptosis and downregulation of Bcl2 expression. Kaempferol is a promising cancer preventive and therapeutic agent for breast cancer. List of non-standard abbreviations: MTS: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography, NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, ESI-MS Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectral, PARP: Poly ADP-ribose polymerase.

Biochemia Medica has started using the CrossCheck plagiarism detection software powered by iThenticate

Science.gov (United States)

Šupak-Smolčić, Vesna; Šimundić, Ana-Maria

2013-01-01

In February 2013, Biochemia Medica has joined CrossRef, which enabled us to implement CrossCheck plagiarism detection service. Therefore, all manuscript submitted to Biochemia Medica are now first assigned to Research integrity editor (RIE), before sending the manuscript for peer-review. RIE submits the text to CrossCheck analysis and is responsible for reviewing the results of the text similarity analysis. Based on the CrossCheck analysis results, RIE subsequently provides a recommendation to the Editor-in-chief (EIC) on whether the manuscript should be forwarded to peer-review, corrected for suspected parts prior to peer-review or immediately rejected. Final decision on the manuscript is, however, with the EIC. We hope that our new policy and manuscript processing algorithm will help us to further increase the overall quality of our Journal. PMID:23894858

Extraction, Modelling and Purification of Flavonoids from Citrus Medica Peel

OpenAIRE

M. Parvathi Nandan; Vangalapati Meena

2015-01-01

Soxhlet extraction technique is widely employed for the extraction and separation of chemical constituents in the medicinal plants. Citrus medica L commonly called as Citron belongs to family Rutaceae, is a slow-growing shrub. It is mainly cultivated for the production of edible fruits which are sour in taste like lime and lemon and the main content of a citron fruit is the thick rind, which is very adherent to the segments. From the phytochemical analysis the peel extract is rich source of p...

Phenotypic and genetic diversity in Sinorhizobium meliloti and S. medicae from drought and salt affected regions of Morocco

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Udupa Sripada M

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Sinorhizobium meliloti and S. medicae are symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria in root nodules of forage legume alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.. In Morocco, alfalfa is usually grown in marginal soils of arid and semi-arid regions frequently affected by drought, extremes of temperature and soil pH, soil salinity and heavy metals, which affect biological nitrogen fixing ability of rhizobia and productivity of the host. This study examines phenotypic diversity for tolerance to the above stresses and genotypic diversity at Repetitive Extragenic Pallindromic DNA regions of Sinorhizobium nodulating alfalfa, sampled from marginal soils of arid and semi-arid regions of Morocco. Results RsaI digestion of PCR amplified 16S rDNA of the 157 sampled isolates, assigned 136 isolates as S. meliloti and the rest as S. medicae. Further phenotyping of these alfalfa rhizobia for tolerance to the environmental stresses revealed a large degree of variation: 55.41%, 82.16%, 57.96% and 3.18% of the total isolates were tolerant to NaCl (>513 mM, water stress (-1.5 MPa, high temperature (40°C and low pH (3.5, respectively. Sixty-seven isolates of S. meliloti and thirteen isolates of S. medicae that were tolerant to salinity were also tolerant to water stress. Most of the isolates of the two species showed tolerance to heavy metals (Cd, Mn and Zn and antibiotics (chloramphenicol, spectinomycin, streptomycin and tetracycline. The phenotypic clusters observed by the cluster analysis clearly showed adaptations of the S. meliloti and S. medicae strains to the multiple stresses. Genotyping with rep-PCR revealed higher genetic diversity within these phenotypic clusters and classified all the 157 isolates into 148 genotypes. No relationship between genotypic profiles and the phenotypes was observed. The Analysis of Molecular Variance revealed that largest proportion of significant (P Conclusion High degree of phenotypic and genotypic diversity is present in S

Comunicación y aprendizaje de la ciencia en estudiantes Sordos: la materia y sus transformaciones

OpenAIRE

Vázquez Martínez, Susana

2016-01-01

Esta investigación pretende contribuir al conocimiento de la enseñanza de las ciencias con alumnado Sordo, concretamente, sobre fenómenos relacionados con la transformación de la materia. Se han analizado las percepciones de profesores e intérpretes educativos sobre la enseñanza de las ciencias al colectivo de estudiantes Sordos, los modelos que utilizan para explicar la materia y sus transformaciones y los patrones de interacción de su discurso en el aula. Por último, se valora la implementa...

EFECTO DE LA MATERIA ORGÁNICA Y EL MANEJO SOBRE LA HIDROFOBICIDAD DE SUELOS VOLCÁNICOS

OpenAIRE

Cuevas Becerra, José

2006-01-01

La repelencia al agua o hidrofobicidad de los suelos depende de una fuerte interacción entre las fracciones minerales y orgánicas del suelo. El contenido de materia orgánica condicionara de manera importante el monto de la repelencia, pero no todo el Carbono orgánico es repelente, y mas que el monto total de compuestos orgánicos, son sus características traducidas como calidad de materia orgánica, la que incidirá sobre los montos de hidrofobicidad. Es posible encontrar dos tipos de repelencia...

PISA: números, estandarización de la conducta y la alquimia de las materias escolares

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thomas S. Popkewitz

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo examina la red de prácticas que confieren inteligibilidad a la organización del conocimiento de las materias escolares que hace PISA. El programa PISA es tratado como un acontecimiento histórico. Su estudio consiste en hacer visible los principios que ordenan y clasifican los objetos “vistos” y que actúan sobre el “conocimiento práctico” de las materias escolares. La política de PISA, a mi juicio, son los principios que rigen lo que los chicos deberían conocer, cómo ese conocimiento se hace posible, y el estudio de la inclusión y exclusión incorporadas en estas prácticas. La primera parte analiza históricamente la transformación de los números en “hechos”, una presunción que posibilita las comparaciones de PISA. En la segunda parte, dirige la atención a los principios de las materias escolares que ordenan y clasifican los “hechos” de las mediciones de PISA.

Retos constitucionales en materia de género

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María Esther Seijas Villadangos

2015-06-01

Full Text Available La Constitución es la norma más valiosa sobre la que se erigen los pilares de los Estados democráticos contemporáneos. Reflexionar desde la Constitución y con una perspectiva de género ha sido el leit motiv del número 10 de la Revista “Cuestiones de Género: de la igualdad y la diferencia”, titulado Retos constitucionales en materia de género. Los atributos con los que se ha querido afrontar esta tarea son los siguientes: legalidad, globalidad, particularidad, humanidad y pragmatismo.

CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA MATERIA ORGÁNICA DISUELTA EN AGUA SUBTERRÁNEA DEL VALLE DE TOLUCA MEDIANTE ESPECTROFOTOMETRÍA DE FLUORESCENCIA 3D

OpenAIRE

Rosa María FUENTES RIVAS

2015-01-01

La materia orgánica en el agua está compuesta por miles de componentes: partículas macroscópicas, coloides o macromoléculas disueltas. Caracterizar la materia orgánica disuelta en el agua para abastecimiento humano es esencial para establecer sus condiciones físicas y los índices de contaminación del agua. La materia orgánica disuelta en 49 muestras de agua subterránea cercanas a la zona industrial Toluca-Lerma (Valle de Toluca, Toluca, Estado de México) fueron caracterizadas a través de la d...

GC-MS analysis and antimicrobial activity determination of Citrus medica L. var proper leaf essential oil from South Sulawesi against skin pathogen microorganism

Science.gov (United States)

Aliyah; Himawan, A.; Rante, H.; Mufidah; Ningsih, D. R.

2017-11-01

A research about Citrus medica L. var sarcodactylis had been conducted and it showed a significant antimicrobial activity, thus drive our curiosity to investigate the other variety from the same species, Citrus medica L. var proper. This research focuses in chemical compound study and antimicrobial activity screening against Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acne, and Candida albicans of Citrus medica L. var Proper leaves’ essential oil. The essential oil is distillated from fresh leaves by hydrodestillation. The chemical compound was analysed using GC-MS instrument while the antimicrobial activity was tested using disk diffusion method. The results showed that the major component of the essential oil was Z-citral, citral and limonene compounds. The antimicrobial activity test results against the test microorganism are 9.15±0.15 mm, 11.15±1.3 mm and 8.02±0.48 mm, consecutively, for Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acne and Candida albicans.

La materia en condiciones extremas de densidad y temperatura

OpenAIRE

Morones Ibarra, José Rubén

2013-01-01

El estudio de las propiedades de la materia cuando se encuentra sometida a condiciones extremas de temperatura y presión ha llamado la atención de los físicos nucleares y de partículas elementales debido a la importancia que este tema tiene para conocer las condiciones iniciales del universo. En los primeros instantes del Gran Estallido (Big Bang) el universo era una región muy pequeña del espacio y por lo tanto su densidad y temperatura eran enormes. Para ente...

Il ripensamento e la ridistribuzione suggeriti ai sistemi giuridici liberaldemocratici dalla naturale metamorfosi della domanda di libertà in materia religiosa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sara Domianello

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Testo, corredato delle note, dell’intervento al secondo Convegno nazionale di studio dell’A.D.E.C. “Libertà religiosa tra declino o superamento dello Stato nazionale” (Macerata, 28-30 ottobre 2010, destinato alla pubblicazione degli Atti. SOMMARIO: 1. La retromarcia da ingranare (ovvero: il ripensamento circa l’opportunità di trasferire interamente la tutela dei diritti di libertà fondamentali dall’attività parlamentare a quella giurisprudenziale in senso lato – 2. La ristrutturazione da avviare (ovvero: la ridistribuzione delle competenze in materia di pubblico intervento a garanzia dei diritti di libertà in materia religiosa – 3. Il dato da cui muovere (ovvero: la metamorfosi della domanda di libertà in materia religiosa nei sistemi liberaldemocratici.

El electrón en la materia condensada

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rojo, Juan Manuel

1997-10-01

Full Text Available Not available.Se lleva a cabo una discusión sobre las características de los estados de los electrones en la materia condensada. Se analizan tres propiedades importantes de dichos estados: 1 el canje entre electrones, responsable del magnetismo, con énfasis en sistemas de interés actual como aglomerados pequeños y materiales amorfos; 2 el apareamiento entre electrones con una nota sobre la superconductividad a alta temperatura y 3 el túnel de electrones, mostrándose algunos ejemplos recientes de la aplicación del túnel al estudio a escala atómica de fenómenos de superficie.

Pectin extraction from Citron peel (Citrus medica Linn. and its use in food system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rojanakorn, T.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Screening experiments using 25-1 fractional factorial design showed that pH, temperature, and extracting time were the main factors affecting the amount and quality of extracted pectin from Citrus medica Linn. Optimum condition of pectin extraction was studied using central composite design (CCD. Mathematical models relating pH, temperature and extracted time to amount of extracted pectin, equivalent weight, methyl content and anhydrogalacturonic acid content were established. Based on the mathematics models, the condition of pH 2, 100ºC and 105 min was found to be the optimum conditions for pectin extraction from Citrus medica Linn. Mathematical and experimental results were verified. The use of extracted pectin as a gelling agent in pineapple jam revealed no significant difference in gel consistency compared to that of commercial pectin grade 150 (p>0.05. However, the commercial pectin had a higher liking score on the spreadability, texture and overall liking. As a stabilizer in chocolate pasteurised milk, 0.2% of the extracted pectin was required to prevent precipitation of chocolate powder with the similar viscosity obtained from 0.06% κ-carageenan

Secado de primeras materias cerámicas por atomización

OpenAIRE

Editorial, Equipo

2016-01-01

El secado por atomización consiste en inyectar una suspensión de arcilla, de pasta o de cualquier otra materia, en aire seco y caliente. El agua se evapora y las partículas, totalmente secas o con el contenido deseado en humedad, se separan de la corriente de aire. Este proceso es muy adecuado para la preparación de pastas para prensado en seco.

Erros de medicação em hospitais: uma análise bioética dos aspectos jurídicos e de saúde

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriela Souza Schumacher

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Introdução: O tema dos erros de medicação envolve vários aspectos - éticos, morais, jurídicos, sociais, profissionais, assistenciais, entre outros - merecendo uma reflexão abrangente. Os aspectos éticos referem-se principalmente à adequação das ações frente aos erros e os aspectos jurídicos estão relacionados diretamente com a aferição da responsabilidade civil nos casos da ocorrência de danos. Este estudo busca estabelecer relações entre o Direito, a Saúde e a Bioética, em uma perspectiva interdisciplinar, por meio da avaliação dos acórdãos referentes a erros de medicação em hospitais na jurisprudência do Rio Grande do Sul. Materiais e Método: Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, de análise de conteúdo documental, em acórdãos colhidos na base de dados eletrônica do Tribunal de Justiça do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O descritor utilizado para busca foi: erro de medicação em hospitais. Resultados e Discussão: foram localizados 43 acórdãos na base de dados no período de 1995 a 2011. Destes, apenas 6 acórdãos referem-se a erros de medicação especificamente, sendo que 2 não estão disponíveis na íntegra. Foram analisados os quatro acórdãos envolvendo erros de medicação. Nos 4 acórdãos os demandados foram: 3 hospitais, 1 município e 1 médico. Todas as decisões foram favoráveis aos demandantes. Considerações Finais: O conceito de erro de medicação, embora utilizado na área da saúde e por órgãos oficiais, não tem sido utilizado no Poder Judiciário, o que demonstra que uma maior aproximação das áreas envolvidas, incluindo uma melhor comunicação, é necessária para uma adequada compreensão do tema.

Presentación del Departamento de Física Nuclear y Física Estadística del Instituto de Estructura de la Materia del CSIC

OpenAIRE

García Borge, María José

2007-01-01

Presentado en el IV Curso de Iniciación a la Investigación en Estructura de la Materia: Desde las partículas subatómicas hasta los compuestos moleculares (Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, 28-30 de Marzo de 2007).

EVALUACIÓN AMBIENTAL PARA PROCESOS QUE USAN RESIDUOS DE LA INDUSTRIA DE LOS BIOCOMBUSTIBLES COMO MATERIAS PRIMAS

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Mónica Julieth Valencia Botero

Full Text Available La industria creciente de los biocombustibles genera grandes cantidades de residuos que tienen alto potencial para la obtención de productos con alto valor agregado. En el presente documento se lleva a cabo el análisis de ciclo de vida (ACV para el glicerol y el bagazo de caña de azúcar durante su producción y para su uso como materia prima en cuatro procesos diferentes. El objetivo fue determinar el impacto ambiental de los cuatro procesos, por medio de la cuantificación de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI asociados al ciclo de vida. Los resultados indican que las emisiones de GEI asociadas a los procesos que utilizan el glicerol como materia prima son mayores que las emisiones de GEI para los procesos que involucran bagazo de caña de azúcar, pero que el aprovechamiento del glicerol podría considerarse más eficiente, ya que las emisiones por unidad de masa en el uso del glicerol son 75% inferiores a las emisiones calculadas para los procedimientos utilizando bagazo de caña como materia prima.

Violent behavior patterns: possible homeopathic remedies Modelos de conducta violenta: posibles remedios homeopáticos Padrões de conduta violenta: possíveis medicamentos homeopáticos

OpenAIRE

Carmela Maria Vieira Pedalino; Jussara Meyer Osielski; Fernando Antônio Cardoso Bignardi; Célia Regina Barollo

2008-01-01

The authors discuss violence as a current epidemics and violent behavior in children and adolescents. They present a repertory study including the characteristic and peculiar symptoms of 12 patients, with clinical diagnoses of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and the symptoms corresponding to the diagnostic criteria in the DSM-IV transcribed in repertory language. The result is a materia medica for patterns of violent behavi...

Parámetros de Transferencia de Materia en el Secado de Frutas Mass Transfer Parameters in Fruit Drying

OpenAIRE

Sebastião R Ferreira; Antônio R. S Costa

2009-01-01

Se desarrolló un modelo analítico para obtención de parámetros de transferencia de materia en el secado de frutas. El modelo considera la disminución del radio de las frutas durante el proceso de secado. Con el modelo matemático se predice simultánemente el coeficiente externo de transferencia de materia k m y la difusividad de agua en los frutos D AB. Para probar el modelo se obtuvo en forma expermental datos de masa de agua M A en la fruta versus el tiempo de secado t, además del radio inic...

Nuevos datos sobre el uso de materia colorante durante el Neolítico antiguo en las comarcas centrales valencianas

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Pablo García Borja

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La caracterización mineralógica de materias colorantes procedentes de los yacimientos valencianos de la Cova de l'Or, la Cova de la Sarna y la Cova Fosca de la Vall d'Ebo demuestra el uso de dos tipos de materia colorante durante el Neolítico Antiguo: Hematites y Cinabrio. Las características y distribución geográfica de cada una de ellas nos remiten a dos estrategias distintas de obtención y. probablemente. de utilización de las mismas.

Medical Business Ethics in the XXI century; Deontologia medica del siglo XXI

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moya Pueyo, V.

2009-07-01

Since ancient times the medical professional practice included moral rules in order to assure a correct approach of capital problems. These rules evolve and are now gathered in the Deontological Codes watching the Constitution and other higher Laws. There has been an increase of interest for none strictly clinical matter since the appearance of the term Bioethics. The book Deontologia medica en el siglo XXI tackles problems of first interest in the present times, thru statistics and analysis, trying to help the medical doctors that have to take ethic decisions. (Author)

Homoeopathy in the management of Dyslipidemia: A short review

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Rupali D Bhalerao

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The importance of high serum total cholesterol and high level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as a risk factor for coronary artery diseases is well established. Statin is the first-line of treatment for dyslipidemia and there are known side effects of statin therapy. This study reviews the existing information available in Homoeopathy (research and traditional knowledge for managing dyslipidemia. No rigid inclusion has been kept due to scarcity of evidence-based literature. Preclinical and clinical studies (case records to controlled trials are included. A comprehensive search from major biomedical databases including National Medical Library (PubMed, AYUSH PORTAL, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library was conducted using the search term “dyslipidemia,” “atherosclerosis,” “arteriosclerosis,” “atheroma” along with “Homoeopathy.” In addition, efforts were made to search authoritative texts of authors, such homoeopathic Materia Medica, repertory, etc. Relevant research was categorized by study type and appraised according to study type and design. Four preclinical, three observational studies, and two case records were identified. From literary search, medicines commonly used in Materia Medica and drugs of Indian origin were noted. There are positive leads in managing patients suffering from dyslipidemia. However, more well-designed studies are warranted to generate effectiveness/efficacy of Homoeopathy.

Materia y Pobreza = Matter and Poverty

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María Teresa Muñoz

2013-10-01

Full Text Available ResumenLa acumulación material es uno de los signos más identificables de la pobreza. El pobre vive apegado a la tierra, esa es su única posesión y a partir de ella construirá sus refugios, sus habitaciones, sus utensilios. Las construcciones de arcilla, de barro, moldeadas con gran abundancia de materia  se encuentran en los poblados primitivos, pero cualquier situación marcada por la extrema pobreza lo estará también por las acumulaciones de material. Resulta inimaginable una situación de pobreza que no implique la acumulación de materia y esto es particularmente evidente en las sociedades desarrolladas, donde un mendigo es reconocible por su montaña de ropas, calzado o enseres de todo tipo.Resulta, sin embargo, significativo que en los discursos de los ideólogos de la modernidad, la identificación de ésta con el advenimiento de una sociedad sin clases venga acompañada de una apelación a la pobreza, una nueva pobreza fría y sobria, propia de una habitación humana abierta y transparente, casi desnuda, e igualitaria para todos los hombres sin distinción de clases sociales. Así, la pobreza moderna estaría ligada al material, a los nuevos materiales, pero no es una condición impuesta, sino elegida, o al menos aceptada como inevitable por el nuevo hombre.La convivencia entre una pobreza de la acumulación material y una pobreza de ascetismo y renuncia es un hecho tanto en los discursos como en las obras de las vanguardias del siglo XX. La acumulación de materia informe y trabajada manualmente tiene lugar al mismo tiempo que la exhibición de la desnudez y la frialdad de los materiales producidos por la industria.  Y en ambos casos, se apela a la pobreza como última referencia para las obras que tratan de ser una expresión fiel de las aspiraciones de su época.Palabras clavemateria, pobreza, material, acumulación, modernidad, sociedadAbstractAccumulation of matter is one of the most recognizable signs of poverty. The poor

Bacteriological evaluation of Allium sativum oil as a new medicament for pulpotomy of primary teeth.

Science.gov (United States)

Mohammad, Shukry Gamal; Baroudi, Kusai

2015-01-01

To compare the effects of Allium sativum oil and formocresol on the pulp tissue of the pulpotomized teeth. Twenty children were selected for this study. All children had a pair of non-vital primary molars. A sterile paper point was dipped in the root canals prior to the mortal pulpotomy. These paper points were collected in transfer media and immediately transported to the microbiological lab to be investigated microbiologically (for Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus). Then the procedure of mortal pulpotomy was performed. After 2 weeks, the cotton pellets were removed and sterile paper points were dipped in the root canals for microbiological examination. Then comparison between the count of bacteria before and after treatment was conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test and paired t-test at the significance level of α = 0.05. After application of both medicaments, there was a marked decrease in S. mutans and L. acidophilus counts. The difference between the mean of log values of the count before and after the application was highly significant for both medicaments (P sativum oil was used. A. sativum oil had more powerful antimicrobial effects than formocresol on the bacteria of the infected root canals.

The role of medicaments, exosomes and miRNA molecules in modulation of macrophage immune activity

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Katarzyna Nazimek

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Macrophages play an important role in innate immunity, in induction and orchestration of acquired immune response as well as in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Macrophages as antigen presenting cells induce or inhibit the development of immune response and as effector cells play an important role in innate immunity to infectious agents and in delayed--type hypersensitivity as well. Thus, either up- or down-regulation of their activity leads to the impairment of different biological processes. This often results in the development of immunological diseases or inflammatory response associated with metabolic, cardiovascular or neuroendocrine disorders. Therefore, the possibility of modulation of macrophage function should allow for elaboration of new effective therapeutic strategies. Noteworthy, interaction of medicaments with macrophages may directly mediate their therapeutic activity or is an additional beneficial effect increasing efficacy of treatment. Further, macrophage differentiation is regulated by miRNA-223, while expression of miRNA-146 and miRNA-155 may modulate and/or be a result of the current cell phenotype. Present review is focused on the current knowledge about the action of medicaments, microRNA molecules, exosomes and related vesicles on macrophages leading to modulation of their biological activity.

Soluciones concluidas en el MERCOSUR en materia de jurisdicción internacional: Análisis de los protocolos de Buenos Aires sobre jurisdicción internacional en materia contractual y de San Luis en materia de resp. civil emergente de accidentes de tránsito

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Eduardo Tellechea Bergman

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Contenido: Precisiones.  La jurisdicción en las relaciones privadas internacionales en el MERCOSUR. Necesidad de una regulación común a todos los estados parte. Protocolo de Buenos Aires sobre jurisdicción internacional en materia contractual. Protocolo de San Luis sobre responsabilidad civil emergente de accidentes de tránsito

Studies of beneficial interactions between active medicaments and excipients in pharmaceutical formulations.

Science.gov (United States)

Kalinkova, G N

1999-09-30

A review of "up to date" research findings leading to new concepts of the pharmaceutical formulations and their interactions has been presented. The rational approaches to the excipients choice as well as to their interactions with medicaments have been shown as a basis for modern modelling of pharmaceutical formulations. The importance of complexation, hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole, dipole-dipole and van der Waals attractions as the tools which can modify the physicochemical, pharmacological or pharmacokinetical behaviour of the medicaments has been emphasised. In vivo studies (carried out in healthy human subjects-volunteers, in beagle dogs, in rats etc.) and in vitro studies (on excised human skin, hairless mouse skin etc.) as well as studies of chemical stability and bioavailability serve also as a proof of these interactions. Therefore, excipients are important components of pharmaceutical formulations and they can take an active part in the improvement of the characteristics of formulations (but they may also reduce the effectiveness of some preparations). In this context, the so called active and inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical formulations are inexact, old and "out-of date". Their further use is only conventional. In conclusion, among the various modern techniques applied the combination of infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction has been estimated as the most successful in proving the interactions between drugs and excipients. Finally, pharmaceutical formulations and their interactions have constituted a diverse and rapidly expanding field of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Industry and Pharmaceutical Sciences) which covers a wide range of numerical topics within an unified framework.

Diagramas de energía, fuerza y materia = Diagrams of energy, force and matter

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Josep Maria Montaner

2013-10-01

Full Text Available ResumenEn este ensayo se va a tratar sobre arquitectura a partir de la definición de forma como “estructura esencial e interna, como construcción del espacio y de la materia”. Para ello, podemos establecer, como punto de partida, que el proceso de la arquitectura va de la energía, las fuerzas y la materia hacia la forma. Por tanto, teorizar sobre la forma en arquitectura nos lleva a reflexionar sobre tres fenómenos previos a su configuración: la energía, las fuerzas y la materia. Para seguir estos procesos físicos es útil remitirse al pensamiento postestructuralista de Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari, especialmente a su texto Mil Mesetas. Capitalismo y esquizofrenia (1980 y a conceptos como “rizoma” y “agenciamiento” y, sobre todo, utilizar la herramienta interpretativa y creativa del “diagrama”.Palabras claveenergía, fuerza, materia, forma, Deleuze, GuattariAbstractThis essay will deal on architecture from the defi nition of form as "critical and internal structure  as construction of space and matter." For that, we can establish, as a starting point, that the process of architecture goes from energy, forces and matter to form. Thus, theorizing about form in architecture leads us to refl ect on three prior phenomena to its confi guration: energy, forces and matter. To follow these physical processes is useful to refer the poststructuralist thought´s Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, especially his text A Thousand Plateaus. Capitalism and Schizophrenia (1980 and concepts such as "rhizome" and "assemblage" and, above all, to use the creative and interpretative tool of "diagramme".Key wordsenergy, force, matter, form, Deleuze, Guattari

LAS RELACIONES ENTRE LOS TRIBUNALES INTERNACIONALES Y LOS TRIBUNALES NACIONALES EN MATERIA DE DERECHOS HUMANOS: EXPERIENCIAS EN LATINOAMÉRICA

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Néstor P. Sagüés

2003-01-01

Full Text Available El autor analiza la relación entre los tribunales nacionales e internacionales o supranacionales con competencia jurisdiccional vinculante en materia de derechos humanos, considerando la existencia de tres posiciones en la materia: la posición conflictual de la declaración de inejecutabilidad, la posición del seguimiento nacional y la del margen de apreciación.The author analyzes the relationship between national and international or supranational courts with binding jurisdiction over matters of human rights, reviewing three positions in this subject: the conflict perspective of declaration of non-executability, the position of national follow-up, and the doctrine of margin of appreciation.

Enseñando el oficio antropológico: prácticas pre profesionales en la materia Antropología Sociocultural II

OpenAIRE

Brunatti, Olga; Chaves, Mariana; Cremonesi, Mariel; Hanlon, Paula; Lago, Gabriela; Mora, Ana Sabrina

2016-01-01

En esta presentación compartiremos la experiencia de una propuesta de enseñanzaaprendizaje en el marco de la materia Antropología Sociocultural II de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, donde se incorporan prácticas pre-profesionales con trabajo de campo. Estas prácticas comenzaron a implementarse en la cátedra en el año 2013, en el contexto de una serie de cambios en el equipo docente y en el programa general de la materia. En el presente trab...

Determinación de sílice libre en materias primas para la industria del cemento

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Calleja, J.

1965-12-01

Full Text Available Not availableLa existencia de sílice libre en las materias primas y, por lo tanto, en los crudos empleados en la fabricación de cemento Portland es desventajosa por la escasa reactividad de esta sílice, sobre todo si no posee una finura suficiente. La determinación de sílice cuarzosa en tales materiales es decisiva para la buena marcha de la clinkerización en fábricas cuyas materias primas adolecen de la desventaja de contenerla. Los métodos propugnados suelen ser poco reproducibles y precisos, y dan resultados bastante erráticos. En el presente trabajo, y después de haber ensayado diversos métodos citados en la bibliografía, se describe y recomienda un procedimiento, basado en el ataque del material por ácido pirofosfórico. Las variables que juegan en el proceso descrito son el tamaño de grano de la muestra, en particular el de la sílice libre, la temperatura y el tiempo de ataque. En las condiciones que se especifican se consigue una disolución prácticamente total de los silicatos, sin que apenas se· disuelvan las partículas más finas de cuarzo. Con ello se consigue una exactitud y una precisión tal como pone de manifiesto el análisis estadístico de los resultados obtenidos al determinar sílice libre en diversas materias primas y crudos para cemento.

Study on the irradiation decontamination of traditional Chinese medicines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, B.; Shi, S.; Li, B.; Wang, G.

2005-01-01

Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) are natural products prepared from plants, minerals and animals, it is easy for contamination by microorganisms to occur; thus causing problems in complying with the requirements laid down for passing microbial limit tests. We selected some kinds of TCMs, including unprocessed materia medica, traditional Chinese patent medicine (TCPMs) and chemical constituents for irradiation by 60 Co gamma ray and investigating the results in terms of microbiology, chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. We found no evidence of changes in most of the tested items, which indicates that the irradiation method could be employed for decontamination of TCMs. However, some chemical constituents of unprocessed materia medica, such as gentiopicrin in Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae and 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside in Radix Polygoni Multiflori, decomposed when these crude materials were irradiated with dose of 5kGy. Further study revealed that although the medicinal were altered by irradiation, the monomers of some of these chemical constituents were not affected. In addition to investigation of the items described above, the doses of irradiation were selected experimentally to ensure that, after irradiation, the TCMs passed the microbial limit tests described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The lowest possible doses were used in order to avoid any impairment of the quality and clinical efficacy of the effective ingredients of the TCMs. (author)

CARACTERIZACIÓN ESTRUCTURAL DE LA MATERIA ORGÁNICA DE TRES SUELOS PROVENIENTES DEL MUNICIPIO DE AQUITANIA BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA

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Carmen S. Mosquera

2010-09-01

Full Text Available La materia orgánica del suelo puede variar considerablemente en su estructura, composición y conformación, de acuerdo con el origen y la edad de los materiales que la constituyen. En la presente investigación se procedió a caracterizar, mediante el empleo de la espectroscopia infrarroja y la resonancia magnética nuclear en estado sólido, dos suelos inceptisoles (I01 y I02 y un histosol (H03 destinados al cultivo de cebolla larga, en el municipio de Aquitania-Boyacá, Colombia, a dos profundidades: 0 - 10 y 40 - 50 cm. Según los espectros infrarrojos, se detectó la presencia de grupos OH (debida posiblemente a fenoles, ácidos carboxílicos o alcoholes, grupos aromáticos y alifáticos. Los espectros de 13C-RMN en estado sólido con CPMAS evidenciaron el siguiente orden respecto a la cantidad de carbonos que conforman la materia orgánica del suelo: H03-0 = 100 y H03 -40 = 88, I02-0 = 23 y I02-40 = 0, y finalmente I01-0 = 17 y I01-40 = 12, confirmándose la disminución de carbonos en la materia orgánica a través del perfil del suelo, y además se estableció que el carbón resonante en la región delta = 108-50 ppm de los espectros (N – y O-alquilos y acetales dominó en toda la MOS obtenida; le siguió el carbón aromático (delta = 168-108 ppm para los suelos I01-0 y H03-40, y el carbón alifático (delta = 0-50 ppm para los suelos I01-40, I02-0 y H03-0. Finalmente, el carbónC=O( delta= 220-162 ppm fue el menos dominante en la materia orgánica del suelo en todos los tres suelos caracterizados.

The Advances in Research on the Pharmacological Effects of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi

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Zunting Pang

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Fructus Ligustri Lucidi is a well-known invigorator in Chinese materia medica with hepatoprotective effect, anticancer activity, antioxidant activity, and so on. And oleanolic acids are the major pharmacologically active components in Fructus Ligustri Lucidi. So it has great value in medical health, and may be developed to a complementary and alternative medicine through further research. In this paper, the advances in research on pharmacological effects of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi were summarized by reviewing the recent related literature.

d-?-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate/Solutol HS 15 mixed micelles for the delivery of baohuoside I against non-small-cell lung cancer: optimization and in vitro, in vivo evaluation

OpenAIRE

Yan, Hongmei; Zhang, Zhenhai; Jia, Xiaobin; Song, Jie

2016-01-01

Hongmei Yan,1,2 Zhenhai Zhang,2 Xiaobin Jia,1,2 Jie Song1,2 1College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 2Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China Abstract: Baohuoside I, extracted from the Herba epimedii, is an effective but a poorly soluble antitumor drug. To improve its solubility, formulation of baohuoside I-load...

Clinical and radiographical evaluation of mineral trioxide aggregate, biodentine and propolis as pulpotomy medicaments in primary teeth

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Bharti Kusum

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA, Biodentine and Propolis as pulpotomy medicaments in primary dentition, both clinically and radiographically. Materials and Methods A total of 75 healthy 3 to 10 yr old children each having at least one carious primary molar tooth were selected. Random assignment of the pulpotomy medicaments was done as follows: Group I, MTA; Group II, Biodentine; Group III, Propolis. All the pulpotomized teeth were evaluated at 3, 6, and 9 mon clinically and radiographically, based on the scoring criteria system. Results The clinical success rates were found to be similar among the three groups at 3 and 6 mon where as a significant decrease in success rate was observed in Group III (84% compared to both Group I (100% and Group II (100% at 9 mon. Radiographic success rates over a period of 9 mon in Groups I, II, and III were 92, 80, and 72%, respectively. Conclusions Teeth treated with MTA and Biodentine showed more favorable clinical and radiographic success as compared to Propolis at 9 mon follow-up.

Study on the Property Change of Rhizoma Coptidis and Its Ginger Juice Processed Products Based on 5-Ht Level and Brain Tissues Morphology of Rats

Science.gov (United States)

Zhong, Lingyun; Tong, Hengli; Lv, Mu; Deng, Yufen

2017-09-01

According to the theory of traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), all Chinese materia medica need to be processed using Pao zhi which is a processing technology before being used in clinic. Ginger juice, made from dried or fresh ginger, is one of the main TCM processing accessories and always used to help change some Chinese materia medica’s properties for its warm or hot nature. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the influence of ginger juice on Rhizoma Coptidis (RC) by determining 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) content and observing morphological changes in the harns tissue of rats. Raw Rhizoma Coptidis (RRC), fresh ginger juice processed Rhizoma Coptidis (FGJPRC), dried juice processed Rhizoma Coptidis (DGJPRC), dried ginger juice (DGJ) and fresh ginger juice (FGJ) were prepared using appropriate methods. Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the distribution of 5-HT and fluorescence spectrophotometry was applied to determine 5-hydroxytryptamine content in the brain tissue of rats. 5 - HT in brain tissue of the rats of RRC group was distributed most densely, with the highest content. Compared to the blank group, RRC and different ginger processed RC groups could lead to increasing content of 5-HT in rat encephalon, and significant differences in RRC. Compared with the RRC, the 5-HT content in rat encephalon in DGJPRC, FGJPRC, FGJ and DGJ groups reduced, and DGJPRC, FGJPRC groups showed significant difference, FGJ and DGJ groups showed extreme significant differences. The research showed that processing with hot, warm accessories would moderate the cold nature of RC. The cold and hot nature of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica could be expressed by the difference of 5-HT contents and morphological changes of rats’ brain tissue. Simultaneously, the research showed the different excipient of ginger juice would have different effects on the processing of RC.

Manual para la negociación colectiva inclusiva en materia de discapacidad

OpenAIRE

CERMI

2013-01-01

El Comité Español de Representantes de Personas con Discapacidad (CERMI) ha elaborado el ‘Manual de negociación colectiva inclusiva en materia de discapacidad’ que pretende proporcionar a los agentes sociales una herramienta para incluir la discapacidad en todos los ámbitos de la empresa que dependen del concierto social. La guía pretende ayudar a extender la cultura de la inclusión de la discapacidad en los convenios colectivos que negocian los agentes sociales como por ejemplo: condicion...

Expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the CMM2 region of the Arabidopsis thaliana Morpheus' molecule 1 protein.

Science.gov (United States)

Petty, Tom J; Nishimura, Taisuke; Emamzadah, Soheila; Gabus, Caroline; Paszkowski, Jerzy; Halazonetis, Thanos D; Thore, Stéphane

2010-08-01

Of the known epigenetic control regulators found in plants, the Morpheus' molecule 1 (MOM1) protein is atypical in that the deletion of MOM1 does not affect the level of epigenetic marks controlling the transcriptional status of the genome. A short 197-amino-acid fragment of the MOM1 protein sequence can complement MOM1 deletion when coupled to a nuclear localization signal, suggesting that this region contains a functional domain that compensates for the loss of the full-length protein. Numerous constructs centred on the highly conserved MOM1 motif 2 (CMM2) present in these 197 residues have been generated and expressed in Escherichia coli. Following purification and crystallization screening, diamond-shaped single crystals were obtained that diffracted to approximately 3.2 A resolution. They belonged to the trigonal space group P3(1)21 (or P3(2)21), with unit-cell parameters a=85.64, c=292.74 A. Structure determination is ongoing.

Expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the CMM2 region of the Arabidopsis thaliana Morpheus’ molecule 1 protein

Science.gov (United States)

Petty, Tom J.; Nishimura, Taisuke; Emamzadah, Soheila; Gabus, Caroline; Paszkowski, Jerzy; Halazonetis, Thanos D.; Thore, Stéphane

2010-01-01

Of the known epigenetic control regulators found in plants, the Morpheus’ molecule 1 (MOM1) protein is atypical in that the deletion of MOM1 does not affect the level of epigenetic marks controlling the transcriptional status of the genome. A short 197-amino-acid fragment of the MOM1 protein sequence can complement MOM1 deletion when coupled to a nuclear localization signal, suggesting that this region contains a functional domain that compensates for the loss of the full-length protein. Numerous constructs centred on the highly conserved MOM1 motif 2 (CMM2) present in these 197 residues have been generated and expressed in Escherichia coli. Following purification and crystallization screening, diamond-shaped single crystals were obtained that diffracted to ∼3.2 Å resolution. They belonged to the trigonal space group P3121 (or P3221), with unit-cell parameters a = 85.64, c = 292.74 Å. Structure determination is ongoing. PMID:20693667

NCG56/31: Reglamento de R??gimen Interno del Departamento de Electromagnetismo y F??sica de la Materia

OpenAIRE

Universidad de Granada

2012-01-01

Reglamento de R??gimen Interno del Departamento de Electromagnetismo y F??sica de la Materia. Aprobado en sesi??n extraordinaria del Consejo de Gobierno de la Universidad de Granada celebrada el 20 de febrero de 2012.

Funcionamento intelectual em pacientes pediátricos com epilepsia: comparação de crianças controladas com medicação, não controladas com medicação e controladas com cirurgia Intellectual functioning in pediatric patients with epilepsy: a comparison of medically controlled, medically uncontrolled and surgically controlled children

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Cecília Souza-Oliveira

2010-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Comparar o quociente intelectual (QI em três grupos de crianças com epilepsia: 1 controlados com medicação, 2 não controlados com medicação e 3 controlados com cirurgia. MÉTODOS: Noventa e oito pacientes pediátricos, com idades entre 6 e 12 anos, foram selecionados de dezembro de 2007 a julho de 2008. A Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Crianças - terceira edição (WISC-III foi utilizada para a avaliação neuropsicológica dos pacientes. Os resultados foram relacionados com a síndrome epiléptica, a etiologia da epilepsia, o tratamento medicamentoso, a idade do paciente no início da epilepsia e a duração da epilepsia. RESULTADOS: Os escores da WISC foram significativamente melhores no grupo controlado com medicação quando comparados aos do grupo não controlado com medicação. O grupo controlado com medicação obteve um desempenho significativamente melhor na maioria dos subtestes da WISC quando comparado ao grupo não controlado com medicação: vocabulário, aritmética, compreensão, memória de dígitos, completar figuras, arranjo de figuras e cubos. Um número significativamente maior de pacientes com epilepsia idiopática e uso de monoterapia foi observado no grupo controlado com medicação quando comparado ao grupo não controlado. O grupo controlado com cirurgia não apresentou diferença significativa no desempenho do QI quando comparado ao grupo controlado com medicação. CONCLUSÕES: As crianças com um bom controle de crises tiveram um melhor desempenho no QI geral, verbal e de execução quando comparadas às crianças com epilepsia refratária. Esses resultados podem ser influenciados por fatores clínicos como o uso de monoterapia, o tipo de droga antiepiléptica utilizada, a síndrome epiléptica e a etiologia da epilepsia. A cirurgia de epilepsia pode causar um impacto positivo no desempenho cognitivo das crianças que ficaram livres de crises após o procedimento cirúrgico.OBJECTIVE: To

Adaptación de dos piezas distintas a una pieza bi-materia

OpenAIRE

Gómez Acevedo, Rocío

2014-01-01

El presente proyecto se ha realizado en la empresa Faurecia Automotive Exteriors [Anexo-A], para la pieza llamada Spoiler del proyecto parachoques delantero A05GPPOLO del grupo Volkswagen (VW). Dicho proyecto se enfoca en la adaptación de dos piezas compuestas por polímeros diferentes en una única pieza bi-materia, utilizando la técnica de inyección multi-componente. Se ha partido de un estudio teórico previo sobre la posible compatibilidad entre la unión rígido-suave de los mater...

Cooperación internacional en materia penal en el MERCOSUR: el cibercrimen

OpenAIRE

Santiago Deluca; Enrique Del Carril

2017-01-01

En el Mercosur no existe un derecho penal común, no obstante observarse una creciente corriente orientada a la adopción de normas generales de política criminal tendiente a combatir diversos actos delictivos. Ello se cristaliza en la creación de normas de cooperación internacional en materia penal, con el objeto de lograr la asimilación y adecuación “macro” de las legislaciones penales de los Estados Parte. Es justo reconocer que en este trabajo no se pretende elaborar un corpus iuris por ...

Producción de biodiesel a partir de materias primas no convencionales

OpenAIRE

Aguilar Sánchez, Rocío

2011-01-01

Proyecto Fin de Carrera leído en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos en el curso académico 2010/2011. Directores del Proyecto: Gabriel Morales Sánchez y Rebeca Sánchez Vázquez Actualmente, para la producción industrial de biodiesel se emplean aceites vegetales de alta calidad como materia prima, y se utilizan catalizadores básicos homogéneos, KOH o NaOH. Los productos de reacción son FAME y glicerina. Sin embargo, debido a los problemas derivados del uso de aceites vegetales comestible...

[Special impact of supramolecular chemistry on Chinese medicine theories].

Science.gov (United States)

He, Fu-Yuan; Zhou, Yi-Qun; Deng, Kai-Wen; Deng, Jun-Lin; Shi, Ji-Lian; Liu, Wen-Long; Yang, Yan-Tao; Tang, Yu; Liu, Zhi-Gang

2014-04-01

The paper aimed to elucidate the specific impact of supramolecular chemistry on the Chinese medicine theories (CMT) in their modernization, after had summarized up the research status of supramolecular chemistry and analyzed the possible supramolecular forms of Chinese medicine (CM), as well as considered the problems in modernization of CM theories. On comparison of the classical chemistry that delt with chemical bonds among atoms, the supramolecular chemistry was rather concerned with varietes of weak noncovalent bonds intermolecules, and reflected the macro-apparent chemical properties of each molecules, and was the most appropriate chemical theories to explain the CMT and microcosmic materials. The molecules in the human body and Chinese material medica (CMM) formed supramolecules by way of self-assembly, self-organization, self-recognition and self-replication, with themselves or with complexation, composition, chelation, inclusion, neutralization etc. Meridian and Zang-fu viscera in CMT might be a space channel structure continuously consisted of unique molecules cavity that was imprinted with the supramolecularly template inside and outside of cells, through which the molecules in CMM interacted with the meridian and Zang-fu viscera. When small molecules in human body imprinted with macromolecules in meridian and Zang-fu viscera, in other words, they migrated along within imprinting channels of meridian and Zang-fu viscera on behavior of "Qi chromatography" impulsed by the heart beat, finally showed up on macroscopic the anisotropy of tissue and organ, as described namely as visceral manifestation in Chinese medical science. When small molecules in CMM interacted with imprinting channel on meridian and Zang-fu viscera, the natural properties and efficacy regularities of CMM was reflected on macroscopic. Therefore, the special representation forms of basic CMT is based on the macroscopic expression of "Qi chromatography" abided by imprinting effect

Productividad en materia seca y captura de carbono en un sistema silvopastoril y un sistema tradicional en cinco fincas ganaderas de piedemonte en el departamento de Casanare

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Estrella Cárdenas Castro

2012-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo fue comparar, en cuanto a productividad en materia seca y captura de carbono, entre un sistema silvopastoril y un sistema tradicional en cinco fincas ganaderas de piedemonte del departamento de Casanare. En el lote experimental de cada finca se sembró una mezcla de cuatro especies de pastos, de los cuales Brachiaria brizantha fue la especie que tuvo un desarrollo exitoso en las cinco fincas, y con la cual se analizó su productividad en materia seca y captura de carbono. A los cinco meses después de la renovación de pastos en los lotes experimentales se obtuvo una productividad en materia seca entre 6,3 y 14,9 tMS/ha, y en captura de carbono entre 2,7 y 6,4 tCOT/ha; mientras que en los lotes tradicionales estuvo entre 4 y 5 tMS/ha, y en captura de carbono entre 1,7 y 2,9 tCOT/ha. A los 20 meses en los lotes experimentales se obtuvo una productividad en materia seca entre 12 y 13,7 tMS/ha, y en captura de carbono entre 4,1 y 4,5 tCOT/ha; mientras que en los lotes tradicionales estuvo entre 4,4 y 6,5 tMS/ha, y en captura de carbono entre 1,4 y 2,1 tCOT/ha. Esto indica que la renovación de praderas con pastos adecuados y el pastoreo de rotación favorecen la producción en materia seca y la captura de carbono.

Rosacea and contact allergy to cosmetics and topical medicaments--retrospective analysis of multicentre surveillance data 1995-2002.

Science.gov (United States)

Jappe, U; Schnuch, A; Uter, W

2005-02-01

The role of contact allergy in rosacea has rarely been investigated. In this retrospective study, 361 out of 76,697 patients tested and documented by the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology between 1995 and 2002 had rosacea. Patch tests included standard series and constituents of cosmetics and topical medicaments. 118/361 had additionally been patch tested with their own cosmetics/medicaments. Positive reactions occurred to nickel (II) sulfate in 9.3%, fragrance mix in 8.8%, thimerosal in 6.9%, Myroxylon pereirae resin in 5.9%, potassium dichromate in 4.6% and propolis in 2.8%. Whereas rosacea patients had a significantly higher risk of contact allergy to propolis compared to the remaining patients, in an age- and sex-adjusted analysis, contact allergy to nickel was significantly less frequent in this group. For Lyral, the risk was elevated, albeit not significantly. Only 2/329 patients were positive to neomycin sulfate and 1/100 to gentamicin sulfate, among the panel of (topical) antibiotics tested. Among 118 patients tested with their own products, 3 were tested to metronidazole, 1 reacting positively. Irritant or doubtful patch test reactions were provoked by various substances (vehicles, oxidants and preservatives of various creams), which might also be clinically important, considering the heightened sensitivity of rosaceous skin.

[Analysis of several key problems of good agricultural practice (GAP) of Chinese materia medica].

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Guang; Guo, Lan-Ping; Zhou, Xiu-Teng; Huang, Lu-Qi

2016-04-01

This paper reviewed the historical background of the GAP, analyzed the development experience of five Ps (GMP, GLP, GSP, GCP, GAP), analyzed the GAP based on economic theories, and pointed out that the core problem of GAP is ignoring economic laws. Once the GAP, is a process of certification, but neither the GAP announcement could be transformed into signal transmission quality in the product market, nor consumers could recognize the difference between GAP and non-GAP herbs in the terminal market, so manufacturers lack motivation for GAP certification. In this paper, we pointed out, that the GAP certification system should be redesigned under the guidance of economics, third party certification body, supervised by drug administration organization, to certificate GAP as high quality standards, to improve signal transduction mechanism of GAP certification, and to integrate GAP with the market. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Identificación de dos formas polimórficas cristalinas de clopidogrel bisulfato en materia prima farmacéutica

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German Leonardo Madrigal Redondo

Full Text Available Introducción: el clopidogrel bisulfato existe en numerosas formas cristalinas, que varían en su estabilidad fisicoquímica, por lo que algunas de estas formas, patentadas o no, son útiles en la fabricación de medicamentos. Objetivo: identificar las formas cristalinas existentes en dos muestras de clopidogrel bisulfato materia prima comercializadas para la fabricación de medicamentos y el estado de pureza de ambas muestras. Métodos: las muestras de materia prima se obtuvieron de una industria nacional. Se examinaron mediante técnicas analíticas avanzadas como difracción de rayos X, calorimetría diferencial de barrido, termogravimetría y espectroscopia infrarroja. Se compararon los valores encontrados con los del estado del arte reconocidos en la literatura revisada para el clopidogrel bisulfato materias primas y tomados como referencia. Resultados: se obtuvieron los difractogramas, termogramas y espectros de absorción correspondientes a las muestras analizadas. Se utilizó el software TA Universal Analysis para obtener el porcentaje de descomposición, punto de fusión y picos identificadores en las muestras. Conclusiones: la muestra 1 contiene la forma cristalina I del bisulfato de clopidogrel, que no es pura ya que existe una banda característica de la presencia de contaminación con la forma cristalina II. La muestra 2 corresponde a la forma cristalina II del producto en forma pura.

Substance and materiality? The archaeology of Talensi medicine shrines and medicinal practices.

Science.gov (United States)

Insoll, Timothy

2011-08-01

Talensi materia medica is varied, encompassing plant, mineral, and animal substances. Healing, medicines, and medicinal practices and knowledge can be shrine-based and linked with ritual practices. This is explored utilising ethnographic data and from an archaeological perspective with reference to future possibilities for research both on Talensi medicine and, by implication, more generally through considering the archaeology of Talensi medicine preparation, use, storage, spread, and disposal. It is suggested that configuring the archaeology of medicine shrines and practices more broadly in terms of health would increase archaeological visibility and research potential.

Concepto y trascendencia del derecho de aprovechamiento en materia de aguas (Propiedad y Aprovechamiento

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Enrique Guerra Daneri

2013-12-01

Full Text Available La disciplina de las aguas se encuentra estructurada jurídicamente, sólo en base a dos derechos: el de propiedad y el de aprovechamiento. La caracterización que posee el agua como cosa, impide que puedan ejercerse otros derechos sobre ella.El punto de partida para explicar este fenómeno, radica en que el agua responde a dos hechos técnicos que ofician como fuente material o factor de calificación jurídica: el principio de territorialidad y la unidad del ciclo hidrológico. Estos dan motivo a su comportamiento universal y en ellos se asienta su disciplina, más allá de la regulación particular que cada derecho positivo quiera desarrollar, imponiendo una política en la materia.  En síntesis, el agua es un bien cuyas particularidades determinan que en definitiva, el derecho de propiedad sea desplazado en su trascendencia patrimonial por otro derecho que ocupa su lugar en jerarquía e individualidad: el derecho de aprovechamiento. Sin embargo y a pesar de los sólidos fundamentos que lo sustentan, la identidad de este derecho parece todavía opacada por los reflejos de una propiedad, que en materia de aguas, es inoperante.       

IMPACTO DEL MATERIAL RECICLADO EN LOS INVENTARIOS DE MATERIAS PRIMAS DE UNA EMPRESA MANUFACTURERA

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Guillermo Antonio Salinas López

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo, se diseña un modelo de dinámica de sistemas, que junto con algunos indicadores de gestión, se usan para dimensionar el impacto del uso del material reciclado en una industria. Lo anterior, con el fin de proveer mejores elementos en la toma de decisiones sobre la gestión de las existencias de materias primas. Para esto se hace una revisión de los principales elementos que inciden en el esquema productivo de una empresa caso de estudio, con la cual se obtiene, una caracterización de la industria y posterior configuración de la estructura y las relaciones del sistema, para modelar y simular utilizando el software Vensim DSS. A partir de dichas simulaciones, se revisa el comportamiento del sistema, así como las variaciones que presenta, ante diferentes escenarios y cambios en sus parámetros más relevantes. Al final, se obtiene un modelo que ilustra el comportamiento de los niveles de inventario de distintos tipos de materiales, así como los valores de algunos indicadores logísticos y energéticos, que revelan el importante trabajo por realizar, en materia de reciclaje en la región del Valle del Cauca y Colombia en general.

El suelo y la materia orgánica en la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos

OpenAIRE

Marañón, Teodoro

2017-01-01

Conferencia impartida en el Curso "Materia orgánica del suelo: metodología para su análisis y su incidencia en el medioambiente y el cambio climático". Coordinado por José María de la Rosa Arranz. IRNAS, CSIC, 16-19 octubre 2017.

Una perspectiva internacional sobre la formación en materia de seguridad y salud en el trabajo

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Félix Martín Daza

Full Text Available El presente artículo tiene el propósito de explorar algunos de los retos más importantes de la formación en la seguridad y salud en el trabajo de los diferentes grupos interesados, así como para presentar los lineamientos de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo en esta materia.

Medications and their use in the Graeco-Roman era

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François Retief

2007-09-01

Full Text Available As from the 6th century BC Graeco-Roman medical therapy comprised three components, viz. diet and healthy lifestyle (regimen, surgery and medicaments (pharmacotherapy, of which the latter was the oldest. Although the Corpus Hippocraticum (5th century BC, with minor Egyptian influence, contained no text of medicines as such, and seemed to prefer regimen to medicaments, it nevertheless laid the foundation for the empirical use of pharmacotherapy (free of superstition and magic for the next millennium. The first Greek herbal was produced by Diocles in the 4th century BC, when the botanist Theophrastus also wrote his classic works on plants which contained a significant contribution on herbal medicines. The Alexandrian Medical School systematized and expanded Hippocratic medicine, and Herophilus introduced compound preparations. The concept that medicaments cure illness by restoring the bodily balance of humours and primary properties was largely perpetuated, but new views on physiology were gradually emerging. Unfortunately the bulk of original contributions from Hellenistic doctors are lost to posterity and only known to us through the writings of for example Celsus and Galen in Roman times. The interesting history of theriac, the so-called universal antidote, is reviewed. In the 1st century Dioscorides produced his Materia Medica which remained an authoritative pharmacopoeia up to modern times. Galen’s empiric views on pharmacotherapy (2nd century, still largely based on Hippocrates, became dogma in Medieval times, but mysticism and superstition gradually swept back into medicine. Retrospectively it is clear that with the exception of certain analgesics and narcotics like opium, Graeco-Roman medicaments were pharmacologically inert (even toxic and obtained positive results largely through a placebo effect.

Citrus medica: nutritional, phytochemical composition and health benefits - a review.

Science.gov (United States)

Chhikara, Navnidhi; Kour, Ragni; Jaglan, Sundeep; Gupta, Pawan; Gat, Yogesh; Panghal, Anil

2018-04-25

Citrus medica (Citron) is an underutilized fruit plant having various bioactive components in all parts of the plant. The major bioactive compounds present are iso-limonene, citral, limonene, phenolics, flavonones, vitamin C, pectin, linalool, decanal, and nonanal, accounting for several health benefits. Pectin and heteropolysachharides also play a major role as dietary fibers. The potential impact of citron and its bioactive components to prevent or reverse destructive deregulated processes responsible for certain diseases has attracted different researchers' attention. The fruit has numerous nutraceutical benefits, proven by pharmacological studies; for example, anti-catarrhal, capillary protector, anti-hypertensive, diuretic, antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, antimicrobial, analgesic, strong antioxidant, anticancerous, antidiabetic, estrogenic, antiulcer, cardioprotective, and antihyperglycemic. The present review explores new insights into the benefits of citron in various body parts. Throughout the world, citron has been used in making carbonated drinks, alcoholic beverages, syrup, candied peels, jams, marmalade, cordials, and many other value added products, which suggests it is an appropriate raw material to develop healthy processed food. In the present review, the fruit taxonomical classification, beneficial phytochemicals, antioxidant activities, and health benefits are discussed.

Effects of dentin on the antimicrobial properties of endodontic medicaments.

Science.gov (United States)

Haapasalo, Markus; Qian, Wei; Portenier, Isabelle; Waltimo, Tuomas

2007-08-01

Successful treatment of apical periodontitis is dependent on the elimination of the infective microflora from the necrotic root canal system. Antimicrobial irrigating solutions and other locally used disinfecting agents and medicaments have a key role in the eradication of the microbes. While most if not all presently used disinfecting agents rapidly kill even the resistant microbes when tested in vitro in a test tube, the effectiveness of the same agents is clearly weaker in the in vivo conditions. Recent studies have given valuable information about the interaction of endodontic disinfecting agents with dentin and other compounds present in the necrotic root canal. As a result of such interactions the antimicrobial effectiveness of several of our key disinfectants may be weakened, or even eliminated under certain circumstances. Different disinfectants show different sensitivity to the action by the various potential inactivators, such as dentin, serum proteins, hydroxyapatite, collagen derived from different sources, and microbial biomass. This review is a summary of our present knowledge of the mostly negative interactions between endodontic disinfecting agents and the various compounds present in the root canal environment.

Prestatiekenmerken van de bepaling van As, Cd, Pb en Hg in voeding en biologisch materiaal met ICP-MS en AFS

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Velde-Koerts T van der; Bom CM; LAC

1999-01-01

Een ICP-MS-methode werd ontwikkeld voor de bepaling van As, Cd en Pb in salpeterzuur-destruaten van voeding en biologisch materiaal. De methode werd geoptimaliseerd op basis van minimale spectrale storingen en matrixeffecten met behulp van correctieformules, interne standaarden en

Effect of calcium hydroxide and triple antibiotic paste as intracanal medicaments on the incidence of inter-appointment flare-up in diabetic patients: An in vivo study

Science.gov (United States)

Pai, Swathi; Vivekananda Pai, A. R.; Thomas, Manuel S.; Bhat, Vishal

2014-01-01

Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of antibacterial intracanal medicaments on inter-appointment flare-up in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Fifty diabetic patients requiring root canal treatment were assigned into groups I, II, and III. In group I, no intracanal medicament was placed. In groups II and III, calcium hydroxide and triple antibiotic pastes were placed as intracanal medicaments, respectively. Patients were instructed to record their pain on days 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14. Inter-appointment flare-up was evaluated using verbal rating scale (VRS). Results: Overall incidence of inter-appointment flare-up among diabetic patients was found to be 16%. In group I, 50% of the patients and in group II, 15% of the patients developed inter-appointment flare-up. However, no patients in group III developed inter-appointment flare-up. The comparison of these results was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.002; χ2 = 12.426). However, with respect to intergroup comparison, only the difference between groups I and III was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.002; χ2 = 12.00). Conclusions: Calcium hydroxide and triple antibiotic paste are effective for managing inter-appointment flare-ups in diabetic patients. Triple antibiotic paste is more effective than calcium hydroxide in preventing the occurrence of flare-up in diabetic patients. PMID:24944440

CONTROL DIFUSO DE CONVENCIONALIDAD EX OFFICIO EN MATERIA DE DERECHOS HUMANOS: NUEVO PARADIGMA CONSTITUCIONAL

OpenAIRE

ALBARRÁN SALGADO, ALEJANDRO

2017-01-01

El control difuso de convencionalidad es una nueva herramienta para la impartición de justicia, reconocida en México a partir de la reforma al párrafo segundo del artículo 1° Constitucional, en la que se impone como obligación a todas las autoridades, sin importar su competencia, ni materia, que velen por la protección de los derechos humanos consagrados en la Constitución y en los tratados internacionales de los que México sea parte, ello bajo dos principios rectores: la interpretación confo...

Unapal-Dorado, nuevo cultivar de zapallo con alto contenido de materia seca para consumo en fresco

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Vallejo Cabrera Franco Alirio

2010-06-01

Full Text Available A partir de tres cruzamientos dialélicos entre poblaciones con diferente grado de endocría (S0 x S0; S1 x S1; S2 x S2 se seleccionaron 11 familias promisorias teniendo en cuenta el contenido de materia seca, producción por planta y calidad de fruto para consumo en fresco. Se realizaron dos ciclos de recombinación genética y selección ínter e intrapoblacional. Se escogieron cuatro familias las cuales fueron evaluadas en un ensayo de rendimiento en el Centro Experimental de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira (Ceunp. La familia de mejor desempeño se evaluó comparativamente con otras seis, incluyendo el testigo comercial Unapal Bolo Verde, en pruebas regionales, en tres localidades del Valle del Cauca, durante dos semestres consecutivos (2008 B- 2009A. Por su excelente comportamiento en producción (15 kg/planta, contenido de materia seca (> 16%, 3.5 kg/fruto y 5 frutos/planta y calidad de fruto para consumo en fresco, esta familia originó la nueva variedad de zapallo, conocida con el nombre comercial Unapal-Dorado.

Expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the CMM2 region of the Arabidopsis thaliana Morpheus’ molecule 1 protein

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Petty, Tom J.; Nishimura, Taisuke; Emamzadah, Soheila; Gabus, Caroline; Paszkowski, Jerzy; Halazonetis, Thanos D.; Thore, Stéphane

2010-01-01

In order to investigate its function in transcriptional gene silencing, the highly conserved motif 2 from A. thaliana Morpheus’ molecule 1 protein was expressed, purified and crystallized. X-ray diffraction analysis is reported to a resolution of 3.2 Å. Of the known epigenetic control regulators found in plants, the Morpheus’ molecule 1 (MOM1) protein is atypical in that the deletion of MOM1 does not affect the level of epigenetic marks controlling the transcriptional status of the genome. A short 197-amino-acid fragment of the MOM1 protein sequence can complement MOM1 deletion when coupled to a nuclear localization signal, suggesting that this region contains a functional domain that compensates for the loss of the full-length protein. Numerous constructs centred on the highly conserved MOM1 motif 2 (CMM2) present in these 197 residues have been generated and expressed in Escherichia coli. Following purification and crystallization screening, diamond-shaped single crystals were obtained that diffracted to ∼3.2 Å resolution. They belonged to the trigonal space group P3 1 21 (or P3 2 21), with unit-cell parameters a = 85.64, c = 292.74 Å. Structure determination is ongoing

El contencioso de interpretación en materia fiscal y administrativa. Un modelo de justicia para México

OpenAIRE

Núñez Cué, Marco Aurelio

2016-01-01

El autor esboza sus reflexiones acerca de la conveniencia de la implementación en México del contencioso de interpretación en materia fiscal y administrativa, en la vía de recurso directo de interpretación, haciendo notar las ventajas y beneficios que dicho procedimiento proporcionaría a la justicia administrativa federal mexicana.

Delimitación jurisprudencial del principio constitucional de unidad de materia legislativa

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Manuel Alberto Restrepo-Medina

2010-03-01

Full Text Available El principio de unidad de materia legislativa es uno de los ejes fundamentales del proceso de formación de la ley, y su observancia constituye un parámetro para la determinación jurisdiccional de la validez jurídica, en la medida en que, de una parte, se verifique la existencia de coherencia y armonía en el producto normativo por la conexidad entre sus partes, y de otra parte, a partir del cumplimiento de ese mínimo, se respete la libertad de configuración del Congreso en razón de la legitimidad democrática de la cual está investido para ejercer su función legislativa.

La religione nell’ordinamento algerino tra previsioni costituzionali e normativa ordinaria in materia di esercizio dei culti diversi dal musulmano

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Maria Cristina Ivaldi

2012-11-01

SOMMARIO: 1. Rilievi introduttivi – 2. Il trattamento riservato alla religione nelle costituzioni algerine postcoloniali – 3. La disciplina in materia di esercizio dei culti diversi dal musulmano varata nel 2006 – 4. I decreti di esecuzione della normativa de qua – 5. Tendenze evolutive:

Effect of four different intracanal medicaments on the apical seal of the root canal system: A dye extraction study

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Monika Tandan

2014-01-01

Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that the control group showed least amount of leakage, whereas the 1% chlorhexidine gel group showed maximum amount of leakage. Apical leakage was observed with all the experimental groups with little variations in between them. Under the parameters of this study, it can be concluded that use of intracanal medicaments during endodontic treatment has a definite impact on the apical seal of the root canal system.

Percepción del profesor de una propuesta de enseñanza, utilizando analogías, sobre de los estados de agregación de la materia

OpenAIRE

Rubio Cascales, Josefa

2017-01-01

Se presenta la valoración de cinco profesores de una propuesta de enseñanza, implementada en nueve grupos de 3º de ESO, sobre los estados de agregación de la materia que utiliza diferentes analogías, como recurso didáctico, del modelo cinético particular. El profesorado considera las analogías empleadas como una herramienta útil para los estudiantes pues les ayuda no solo a imaginar el modelo cinético sino a comprender y explicar las propiedades y cambios de estado de la materia

[The early medical textbooks in Korea: medical textbooks published at Je Joong Won-Severance Hospital Medical School].

Science.gov (United States)

Park, H W

1998-01-01

Kwang Hye Won(Je Joong Won), the first western hospital in Korea, was founded in 1885. The first western Medical School in Korea was open in 1886 under the hospital management. Dr. O. R. Avison, who came to Korea in 1893, resumed the medical education there, which was interrupted for some time before his arrival in Korea. He inaugurated translating and publishing medical textbooks with the help of Kim Pil Soon who later became one of the first seven graduates in Severance Hospital Medical School. The first western medical textbook translated into Korean was Henry Gray's Anatomy. However, these twice-translated manuscripts were never to be published on account of being lost and burnt down. The existing early anatomy textbooks, the editions of 1906 and 1909, are not the translation of Gray's Anatomy, but that of Japanese anatomy textbook of Gonda. The remaining oldest medical textbook in Korean is Inorganic Materia Medica published in 1905. This book is unique among its kind that O. R. Avison is the only translator of the book and it contains the prefaces of O. R. Avison and Kim Pil Soon. The publication of medical textbook was animated by the participation of other medical students, such as Hong Suk Hoo and Hong Jong Eun. The list of medical textbooks published includes almost all the field of medicine. The medical textbooks in actual existence are as follows: Inorganic Materia Medica (1905), Inorganic Chemistry (1906), Anatomy I (1906), Physiology (1906), Diagnostics I (1906), Diagnostics II (1907), Obstetrics (1908), Organic Chemistry (1909), Anatomy (1909), and Surgery (1910).

[Ginseng prescription rules and molecular mechanism in treating coronary heart disease based on data mining and integrative pharmacology].

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Sen; Tang, Shi-Huan; Liu, Jin-Ling; Su, Jin; He, Fu-Yuan

2018-04-01

The ancient dragon Materia Medica, Compendium of Materia Medica and other works recorded that the main effect of ginseng is tonifying qi. It is reported that the main active ingredient of ginseng is ginsenoside. Modern studies have found that ginseng mono saponins are effective for cardiovascular related diseases. This paper preliminary clarified the efficacy of traditional ginseng-nourishing qi and cardiovascular disease through the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) inheritance auxiliary platform and integration platform of association of pharmacology. With the help of TCM inheritance auxiliary platform-analysis of "Chinese medicine database", Chinese medicine treatment of modern diseases that ginseng rules, so the traditional effect associated with modern medicine and pharmacology; application integration platform enrichment analysis on the target of drug and gene function, metabolic pathway, to further explore the molecular mechanism of ginseng in the treatment of coronary heart disease, aimed at mining the molecular mechanism of ginseng in the treatment of coronary heart disease. Chinese medicine containing ginseng 307 prescriptions, 87 kinds of disease indications, western medicine disease Chinese medicine therapy for ginseng main coronary heart disease; analysis of molecular mechanism of ginseng pharmacology integration platform for the treatment of coronary heart disease. Ginsenosides（Ra₁, Ra₂, Rb₁, Rb₂, Rg₁, Ro) bind these targets, PRKAA1, PRKAA2, NDUFA4, COX5B, UQCRC1, affect chemokines, non-alcoholic fatty liver, gonadotropin, carbon metabolism, glucose metabolism and other pathways to treat coronary heart disease indirectly. The molecular mechanism of Panax ginseng's multi-component, multi-target and synergistic action is preliminarily elucidated in this paper. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Placebo and the new physiology of the doctor-patient relationship.

Science.gov (United States)

Benedetti, Fabrizio

2013-07-01

Modern medicine has progressed in parallel with the advancement of biochemistry, anatomy, and physiology. By using the tools of modern medicine, the physician today can treat and prevent a number of diseases through pharmacology, genetics, and physical interventions. Besides this materia medica, the patient's mind, cognitions, and emotions play a central part as well in any therapeutic outcome, as investigated by disciplines such as psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology. This review describes recent findings that give scientific evidence to the old tenet that patients must be both cured and cared for. In fact, we are today in a good position to investigate complex psychological factors, like placebo effects and the doctor-patient relationship, by using a physiological and neuroscientific approach. These intricate psychological factors can be approached through biochemistry, anatomy, and physiology, thus eliminating the old dichotomy between biology and psychology. This is both a biomedical and a philosophical enterprise that is changing the way we approach and interpret medicine and human biology. In the first case, curing the disease only is not sufficient, and care of the patient is of tantamount importance. In the second case, the philosophical debate about the mind-body interaction can find some important answers in the study of placebo effects. Therefore, maybe paradoxically, the placebo effect and the doctor-patient relationship can be approached by using the same biochemical, cellular and physiological tools of the materia medica, which represents an epochal transition from general concepts such as suggestibility and power of mind to a true physiology of the doctor-patient interaction.

A review of Khoi-San and Cape Dutch medical ethnobotany.

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van Wyk, B-E

2008-10-28

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL CONTEXT: Cape herbal medicine as a distinct and unique healing system is conceptualized for the first time, together with a first compilation of the authentic materia medica of the system. The early literature on Khoikhoi (Hottentot), San (Bushman) and Cape Dutch medicinal plants and medical practices is reviewed, with a focus on the Cape Floristic Region (from Namaqualand to the Eastern Cape). To avoid recent additions and modern cultural influences in the results, the date of publication of the last volume of Marloth's Flora of South Africa (1932) was chosen as a cut-off date. The recorded Cape materia medica (up to 1932) is briefly summarized, giving the scientific names, vernacular names (in Afrikaans or Khoi-San/Nama) and main uses. It comprises about 170 items and includes mainly indigenous and endemic plant species, some exotic (garden) plants, and a few other items (fungi, seaweeds, lichens, hyraceum and natural potassium nitrate). Most of the plants (and hyraceum) are still widely used today, especially in rural areas. The combination of unique cultural practices and a diverse, highly endemic flora has led to the development of a distinct herbal healing system, here called Cape herbal medicine, but hitherto rather vaguely and inaccurately referred to as Khoi-San medicine, Cape Dutch medicine or boererate (farm remedies). The data allows for a more informed consideration of indigenous knowledge and intellectual property rights associated with particular plants (e.g. Hoodia and Pelargonium). It also offers opportunities for linking modern ethnobotanical field studies with historical data.

Validação da Prescrição Oncológica: o papel do farmacêutico na prevenção de erros de medicação

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Livia Oliboni

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Erros de medicação são constantemente relatados na literatura médico-científica. Há casos clínicos em que a administração inadequada de doses altas de alguns citostáticos tem como consequência a toxicidade grave e a morte do paciente. As não conformidades presentes nas prescrições aos pacientes oncológicos podem ser catastróficas em função da estreita margem terapêutica dos medicamentos antineoplásicos. Prevenir erros de medicação torna-se uma prioridade na melhora do processo farmacoterapêutico em pacientes da oncologia. A multidisciplinaridade é um fator essencial de alerta aos erros de medicação de antineoplásicos e às maneiras de preveni-los Os farmacêuticos e todos os profissionais que constituem uma equipe multidisciplinar de saúde contribuem para garantia do uso seguro dos medicamentos, o que auxilia no aprimoramento de uma assistência qualificada. Para isso, além das atividades já bem estabelecidas, esses profissionais devem (i implantar um sistema de validação farmacêutica bem como (ii estabelecer um sistema de verificação da prescrição médica, o qual consiste em diferentes etapas. O objetivo dessa revisão é relatar a validação da prescrição médica, considerando-se os erros de medicação na quimioterapia e o papel do farmacêutico na prevenção desses erros. São medidas que visam a melhorar a qualidade da assistência prestada aos pacientes oncológicos.

DEVELOPMENT OF ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT AND CLINICAL RESEARCH OF THREATENED ABORTION

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

LI Jing-xia; XIE Gan-gong

2005-01-01

In the present paper, the authors review recent development of acupuncture treatment of threatened abortion from 1) clinical application of "Linggui Bafa"(灵龟八法Eight Methods of Intelligent Turtle), 2) body acupoints, and 3) acupuncture combined with Chinese materia medica, and clinical study from 1) effect of acupuncture on the blood flow of uterus, and 2) effect of acupuncture on plasma progesterone level. In addition, acupuncture therapy is also used to help women in gestation and can effectively raise the pregnant rate. "Linggui Bafa" is rather effective in preventing threatened abortion and should be studied further.

Network pharmacology-based identification of key pharmacological pathways of Yin–Huang–Qing–Fei capsule acting on chronic bronchitis

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Yu GH

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Guohua Yu,1,2,* Yanqiong Zhang,2,* Weiqiong Ren,3 Ling Dong,1 Junfang Li,2,4 Ya Geng,2,5 Yi Zhang,2 Defeng Li,2 Haiyu Xu,2 Hongjun Yang2 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 2Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 3The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 4School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 5School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: For decades in China, the Yin–Huang–Qing–Fei capsule (YHQFC has been widely used in the treatment of chronic bronchitis, with good curative effects. Owing to the complexity of traditional Chinese herbal formulas, the pharmacological mechanism of YHQFC remains unclear. To address this problem, a network pharmacology-based strategy was proposed in this study. At first, the putative target profile of YHQFC was predicted using MedChem Studio, based on structural and functional similarities of all available YHQFC components to the known drugs obtained from the DrugBank database. Then, an interaction network was constructed using links between putative YHQFC targets and known therapeutic targets of chronic bronchitis. Following the calculation of four topological features (degree, betweenness, closeness, and coreness of each node in the network, 475 major putative targets of YHQFC and their topological importance were identified. In addition, a pathway enrichment analysis based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway database indicated that the major putative targets of YHQFC are significantly associated with various pathways involved in anti-inflammation processes, immune responses, and pathological changes caused by asthma. More interestingly, eight major putative targets of YHQFC (interleukin [IL]-3, IL-4, IL

Historical versus contemporary medicinal plant uses in Ghana.

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Soelberg, J; Asase, A; Akwetey, G; Jäger, A K

2015-02-03

Three extraordinary, historical documents stemming from observations made in 1697, 1803 and 1817 quote medicinal plant uses among the Fante, Ga and Ashanti people of present-day Ghana, and can be linked to original botanical specimens in European herbaria. This provides a unique opportunity to gain insight to the historical materia medica of Ghana and compare this to contemporary medicinal plant uses. By critical literary and taxonomic review, the present study (re-)establishes the earliest known history of many important Ghanaian medicinal plants, and assesses the scale of change and loss of medicinal plant knowledge in Ghana over time. The study provides the foundation to reconstruct lost or discontinued Ghanaian plant uses in local or ethnopharmacological contexts. Historical botanical specimens were located in the herbaria of University of Copenhagen Herbarium (C) and British Museum of Natural History (BM). The classification and synonymy of the specimens were updated for the study, and the historical vernacular names and medicinal uses of the plants compared with 20th/21st century literature. The plants of the historical Ga materia medica were (re-)collected to aid in semi-structured interviews. The interviews aimed to document the contemporary uses and names of the plants among the Ga, and to determine to what extent the historical medicinal uses and names are extant. The study identified 100 species in historical medicinal use in Ghana, which could be linked to 134 unique uses and 105 vernacular names in Twi (Ashanti/Fante) and Ga. Most of the plants are common in Ghana. At least 52% of the historical vernacular names appear to still be in use today. Of the specific historical uses, 41 (31%) were traced among contemporary medicinal plant uses in Ghana and represent some of the most important Ghanaian medicinal plant species. However, 93 (69%) of the historical uses could not be traced and appears to be discontinued or forgotten. Among the Ga, two medicinal

LA EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL EN EL BACHILLERATO: EL CASO DE LOS DOCENTES QUE IMPARTEN LA MATERIA DE ECOLOGÍA, PUEBLA-TLAXCALA (MÉXICO

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Adelina Espejel Rodríguez

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Los diferentes problemas que ocurren en el medio educativo han sido abordados desde diversos enfoques de análisis. Esta diversidad disciplinaria se deriva de la complejidad de situaciones estudiadas y es resultado de la dificultad en la definición de "lo educativo" como un campo metodológico y teórico (Bertely, 2004. Una de estas situaciones complejas es la Educación Ambiental (EA, que atañe a esta investigación. El objetivo de este artículo es conocer los alcances y las limitaciones de la práctica de la EA para promover y construir una conciencia ambiental entre alumnos del Bachillerato, así como, estimular iniciativas proambientales. La aproximación metodológica adoptada es la Etnografía Institucional (EI aplicada a la Educación Ambiental, la cual permitirá por un lado retratar la realidad lo más fidedigna posible, y por otro lado, adoptar este retrato a otras situaciones que ocurren en contextos institucionales similares. Entre los resultados encontramos que: (a los docentes no tienen el perfil deseable para enseñar el curso de Ecología y ellos no tienen los conocimientos ambientales básicos; (b el programa de estudios en la materia de Ecología ha sido creado de manera superficial y muy general; (c el curso de Ecología es nominal y (d la materia de Ecología es impartida en periodos de tiempo cortos y regida por una modalidad preferentemente teórica que práctica. En general, las limitaciones formativas de los docentes y las debilidades de los contenidos programáticos de la materia restringen abordar con interés y dimensionar la problemática ambiental. En consecuencia, se genera en el alumnado una formación sin actitudes y valores ambientales. El profesorado fracasa en su intención de lograr generar estudiantes con conciencia ambiental, propósito central de la materia de Ecología.

Cooperación internacional en materia penal en el MERCOSUR: el cibercrimen

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Santiago Deluca

2017-10-01

Es justo reconocer que en este trabajo no se pretende elaborar un corpus iuris por simple traslación de conceptos o legislación mercosureña, todo lo contrario. Por medio del análisis de las particularidades jurídicas del proceso de integración y sus instrumentos de derecho se busca dejar sentado que el Mercosur se encuentra encaminado en la creación de un espacio integrado de cooperación en materia penal, más allá del aspecto pura y exclusivamente económico. Y, principalmente, analizar cómo se presenta hoy en día la modalidad conocida como cibercrimen y la utilidad de las herramientas señaladas para lograr combatirlo.

Comparative Study between the "Lista de Encabezamientos de Materia" by Gloria Escamilla and the "Library of Congress Subject Heading" List.

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Alvarez, Fernando

This study shows to what extent Gloria Escamilla's "Lista de Encabezamientos de Materia," the only published Mexican subject heading list, is equivalent to the Library of Congress subject headings (LCSH). A LCSH heading sample is obtained from OCLC's Online Union Catalog. Using the EPIC search from OCLC, 1947 bibliographic records were…

La cláusula general de competencia de los entes territoriales en materia económica

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Aníbal Zárate

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Si la autonomía territorial con que cuentan los entes locales para la “gestión de sus intereses” permite fundar, vía una cláusula general de competencia, las iniciativas económicas locales, esta fórmula aparece sujeta a los límites constitucionales y legales sobre las modalidades de intervención local, como lo sugiere el respeto de las normas nacionales en materia de competencia económica.

La cláusula general de competencia de los entes territoriales en materia económica

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Aníbal Rafael Zárate Pérez

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Si la autonomía territorial con que cuentan los entes locales para la “gestión de sus intereses” permite fundar, vía una cláusula general de competencia, las iniciativas económicas locales, esta fórmula aparece sujeta a los límites constitucionales y legales sobre las modalidades de intervención local, como lo sugiere el respeto de las normas nacionales en materia de competencia económica.

Primer aislamiento de Encephalitozoon intestinalis a partir de muestra de materia fecal de un paciente colombiano con sida

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Ana Luz Galván

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Introducción. Los microsporidios son agentes de infecciones oportunistas en pacientes con sida y con trasplantes, principalmente. Enterocytozoon bieneusi y Encephalitozoon intestinalis son los más frecuentes, asociados con infecciones entéricas. Los cultivos celulares han contribuido al conocimiento de los microsporidios. En Colombia no se han obtenido aislamientos provenientes de pacientes con microsporidiosis y, por consiguiente, no existen cepas autóctonas de los mismos. Objetivo. Establecer el cultivo celular de microsporidios intestinales a partir de materia fecal de pacientes parasitados. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó concentración agua-éter de la materia fecal positiva para microsporidios y el sedimento resultante se trató con una mezcla de antibióticos y antimicóticos durante 18 horas a 37 oC. Se inocularon células Vero previamente cultivadas en placas de 24 pozos y en medio RPMI con suplemento de suero bovino fetal al 10% y antibióticos, con las esporas concentradas. Los cultivos se mantuvieron a 37 oC al 5% de CO2. Se cambió de medio cada dos días y se evaluó la presencia de esporas en los sobrenadantes mediante Gram-cromótropo rápido en caliente. Resultados. En la segunda semana después de la infección, se encontraron esporas de microsporidios con morfología y coloración características. Mediante PCR se determinó que el microsporidio encontrado correspondía a la especie E. intestinalis. Conclusión. Se estableció el cultivo in vitro de microsporidios de materia fecal. Este protocolo es importante para la obtención y el mantenimiento de cepas autóctonas en Colombia, y contribuirá a las investigaciones de aspectos bioquímicos, inmunológicos y epidemiológicos de dichas cepas.

La realidad como materia novelable: Alejo Carpentier

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Raquel Arias Careaga

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Desde que en 1897 Benito Pérez Galdós defendiera como materia prima legítima de la literatura «la vida misma, de donde el artista saca las ficciones que nos instruyen y embelesan» (Pérez Galdós, 1990: 159, el realismo como instrumento de indagación y análisis de la sociedad no ha dejado de crecer y expandirse. Realismo crítico, como este de Galdós, que implica una ampliación del concepto chato de «realidad», incluyendo en ella «recuerdos, sueños, imaginación, locura, símbolos» para contribuir a la formación de un «realismo total» (Rodríguez Puértolas, 2000, II: 93, al que se une también la asimilación de enseñanzas esenciales como la que representa la narrativa de Cervantes: La novelística de Galdós hunde sus raíces en el mejor Cervantes, como puede verse en su peculiar sentido del humor y de la ironía, en la concepción perspectivista de la realidad y en tantas otras cosas, algunas de ellas en verdad fundamentales. Así el concepto de la Naturaleza y sus relaciones dialécticas con el ser humano; así el Amor como elemento vital y animador del orden cósmico, muy alejado del idealismo vulgar romántico (Ibid., 93.

Comparison of the removal of calcium hydroxide medicaments on the root canal treatment irrigated with manual and sonic agitation technique

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Anna Muryani

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Irrigation of the root canal system is an important part of the endodontic treatment principle which aims to improve the hygiene of the root canal system from any debris and medicament residue with the hydrodynamic system. Root irrigation technique can be done with the manual and sonic system by using 2.5% NaOCI irrigation solution. Calcium hydroxide is used as a medicament for root canal sterilization. Root canal treatment will fail due to the imperfect removal of calcium hydroxide residue. The objective of this research was to analyze the comparison of the removal of calcium hydroxide medicaments on the root canal treatment irrigated with manual and sonic agitation technique using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. Methods: The methods used in this study was experimental laboratory. The sample used was 30 maxillary incisors. The teeth were then divided into two groups randomly, then the root canal preparation was done by the crown down technique with manual irrigation using 2.5% NaOCI solution. The radicular part of the teeth was then split longitudinally, given a standardized groove in the one-third of the apical part, then applied with water-solved calcium hydroxide. The teeth were unified afterwards by using flowable composites, then soaked in the artificial saliva at the temperature of 37ºC. The sample of the 1st group was irrigated by manual agitation technique, and the sample of the 2nd group 2 was irrigated by sonic agitation technique, then both were viewed by stereo microscope. The data results were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: The results of calcium hydroxide removal were different between the root canals that were irrigated using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite irrigation solution by manual agitation technique compared to the sonic agitation technique. Irrigation using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite irrigation solution with the sonic agitation techniques were proven to be more effective in lifting Ca

Contenidos teóricos de las materias generales y especializadas en los planes de estudios de las diplomaturas de ciencias de la salud

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José Antonio Arias Navalón

Full Text Available Objetivo: Evaluar cuantitativamente los contenidos teóricos, generales y especializados, de los planes de estudios de las diplomaturas de ciencias de la salud en España. A partir de esos datos se harán algunas recomendaciones y se destacarán aspectos que podrían necesitar modificaciones. Diseño: Revisión sistemática. Emplazamiento y material de estudio: Planes de estudios de las diplomaturas de ciencias de la salud en España: Enfermería, Fisioterapia, Logopedia, Nutrición humana y dietética, Óptica y optometría, Podología y Terapia ocupacional. Mediciones: Número de horas teóricas dedicadas a materias troncales, detallando su carácter general o especializado. Resultados y conclusiones: En conjunto, los contenidos especializados y generales suponen, respectivamente, el 66,7 y el 33,3%. La mayoría de las carreras tienen más horas asignadas a materias especializadas. Los resultados oscilan entre la ausencia de materias troncales generales en las carreras de Óptica y optometría y de Logopedia y el 71,4% de carga lectiva de carácter general en la carrera de Terapia ocupacional. La carencia de conocimientos generales sobre la salud y la enfermedad puede tener consecuencias negativas en la práctica diaria y en las expectativas que tienen para hacer investigación los profesionales implicados.

Nueva materia prima borácica como componente de esmaltes cerámicos. Estudio de su solubilidad en suspensiones acuosas concentradas

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Galindo, M.

2009-02-01

Full Text Available This paper presents an alternative to the use of conventional ceramic frits as raw materials that contribute boron to glaze compositions: a new semi-processed borate (patent pending (WO 2007/148101. The solubility of this new raw material is analysed and compared with that exhibited by conventional ceramic frits and other, natural and processed borates. This comparative analysis has been performed by determining the boron percentage present in the liquid phase of several glaze compositions prepared with each of these raw materials, modifying the type of deflocculant used and the solid/liquid contact time. The results of this study demonstrate the low solubility of the new semi-processed borate and its suitability for use in ceramic glaze formulation.

En el presente trabajo se presenta una alternativa a la utilización de fritas cerámicas convencionales como materias primas que aportan boro a las composiciones de esmalte: un nuevo borato sintético (patente pendiente WO2007/148101. Se ha estudiado y comparado la solubilidad de esta nueva materia prima con la que exhiben las fritas cerámicas convencionales y otros boratos, tanto naturales como sintéticos. Para ello, se ha determinado el porcentaje de boro presente en la fase líquida de varios esmaltes preparados con cada una de dichas materias primas, modificando el tipo de desfloculante utilizado y el tiempo de contacto sólido/líquido. El resultado de este trabajo ha puesto de manifiesto la baja solubilidad que presenta el nuevo borato sintético y su aptitud para ser usado en la formulación de esmaltes cerámicos.

Nuevo marco jurídico en materia de protección de datos de carácter personal en la Unión Europea

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Alfonso Ortega Giménez

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo versa sobre el impacto producido por la nueva legislación europea en materia de protección de datos. Se abordarán algunas de las principales novedades que trae consigo el nuevo Reglamento Europeo de Protección de Datos, (conocido también como Reglamento General de Protección de datos o RGPD como la nueva figura del Data Protection Officer, los nuevos derechos y obligaciones promulgados, en especial, el derecho al olvido, el régimen sancionador y el futuro nuevo marco jurídico de la transmisión internacional de datos a terceros países, así como algunas menciones a la Directiva de protección de datos en materia penal y otra legislación relevante.

Eugeniusz Misiło, comp. and ed., with an intro. Akcja “Wisła” 1947: Dokumenty i materiały.

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Jerzy Borzęcki

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Eugeniusz Misiło, comp. and ed., with an intro. Akcja “Wisła” 1947: Dokumenty i materiały. Warsaw: Archiwum Ukraińskie and Management Academy Group, 2012. 1246 pp. Illustrations. Maps. Documents section. Appendices section. Biographies sections. Miscellaneous lists. English-language summary. Indexes. Cloth.

Transporte de materia orgánica a lo largo de un río tropical de montaña en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia

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Cesar Enrique Tamaris Turizo

2015-09-01

Full Text Available En los ríos tropicales, la materia orgánica es la principal fuente de energía para las comunidades que allí habitan. Las principales proporciones de materia orgánica se encuentra la materia orgánica particulada gruesa (MOPG y  la materia orgánica particulada fina (MOPF. Por lo anterior, en este trabajo se evaluó el transporte de la MOPG,  la MOPF y su relación con algunas variables físicas y químicas en tres tramos de un gradiente altitudinal de los 50 msnm hasta los 1700 msnm durante un ciclo diario en el río Gaira (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Para lo cual se realizaron muestreos mensuales entre los meses de marzo a junio del 2008. Se detectaron diferencias significativas en la deriva de MOPG entre las estaciones, siendo la estación 2 (parte media durante el primer muestreo, la que registró los valores más altos reportados para todo el estudio (474 kg m-3 y la estación 3 mostró la menor biomasa derivante (0,26 kg m-3. La MOPF registró valores similares durante todos los muestreos (0,58 – 6,34 g m-3. Sin embargo, se detectaron diferencias significativas en los muestreos tres y cuatro. Con el aumento de las lluvias, descendió el transporte de  MOPG. Una relación inversa entre la velocidad del agua y el transporte de MOPG (rs = -0,70; n = 12; p < 0,05 se registró, mientras que la MOPF, presentó valores constantes. Los resultados de este trabajo coinciden parcialmente con lo registrado en la literatura, lo cual indica que las dinámicas de transporte de MO están relacionadas con las variaciones ambientales locales.

[Bencao literature investigation of Polygonum multiflorum (Heshouwu)].

Science.gov (United States)

Liang, Li; Zheng, Jin-Sheng; Zhao, Zhong-Zhen

2016-12-01

Heshouwu, derived from the root of Polygonum multiflorum (=Fallopia multiflora), is widely used in the Chinese medicine market as a traditional tonic. The emergence of heshouwu material with a human shape reflects a pursuit of its supplementing effects. However, reports of Heshouwu toxicity have repeatedly surfaced in recent years, attracting widespread concern. To clarify the situation surrounding the safety and efficacy of Heshouwu, this research utilizes a systematic review of the text and illustrations in historical bencao (materia medica) literature to investigate the origin, botanical characteristics, actions and processing of Heshouwu, as well as the origin and historical evolution of Baishouwu ("white Heshouwu"). Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Twenty years of society of medical informatics of b&h and the journal acta informatica medica.

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Masic, Izet

2012-03-01

In 2012, Health/Medical informatics profession celebrates five jubilees in Bosnia and Herzegovina: a) Thirty five years from the introduction of the first automatic manipulation of data; b) Twenty five years from establishing Society for Medical Informatics BiH; c) Twenty years from establishing scientific and professional journal of the Society for Medical Informatics of Bosnia and Herzegovina "Acta Informatica Medica"; d) Twenty years from establishing first Cathdra for Medical Informatics on biomedical faculties in Bosnia and Herzegovina and e) Ten years from the introduction of "Distance learning" in medical curriculum. All of the five mentioned activities in the area of Medical informatics had special importance and gave appropriate contribution in the development of Health/Medical informatics in Bosnia And Herzegovina.

Imágenes del átomo: un producto del esfuerzo científico por comprender la estructura de la materia

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P. Cabrera

2009-10-01

Full Text Available En este escrito mostramos algunas de las representaciones del constituyente básico de la materia, siendo todas creaciones del intelecto humano, y no por ello son cuentos de hadas, por el contrario se encuentran basados en valores numéricos y datos experimentales, avalados por teorías aceptadas, no obstante al estar ubicadas en diferentes momentos históricos, suplían solo las necesidades de la época. Así pues, haciendo una revisión del concepto, se abarca la idea de átomo desde las ultimas concepciones de la mecánica clásica, su transición en lo que se conoce como una mezcla entre la mecánica clásica y cuántica (mecánica cuántica de antaño, y la nueva representación que implico la visión de la mecánica cuántica, en adición a esto y haciendo alusión al título, mostraremos un nuevo constituyente básico de la materia desarrollado a través de la manipulación del hombre denominados puntos cuánticos.

Presentation of the DosePet application (APP) for use in Nuclear Medicine: calculation of the amount of medicament for PET / CT patients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nascimento, Pedro Augusto do; Rodrigues, Araken dos S. Werneck

2016-01-01

This paper presents the application (APP) DosePet that calculates the amount of medicament for PET / CT in patients according to the predetermined radiation dose. The software has been designed using the web MIT App Inventor2 tool for Android platform. The application allows the workers to simulate the amount of radiation still existing in the premises after the applications, increasing security and reducing exposures, and enable greater efficiency in the use of the radiopharmaceutical. (author)

Sequential cloud-point extraction for toxicological screening analysis of medicaments in human plasma by high pressure liquid chromatography with diode array detector.

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Madej, Katarzyna; Persona, Karolina; Wandas, Monika; Gomółka, Ewa

2013-10-18

A complex extraction system with the use of cloud-point extraction technique (CPE) was developed for sequential isolation of basic and acidic/neutral medicaments from human plasma/serum, screened by HPLC/DAD method. Eight model drugs (paracetamol, promazine, chlorpromazine, amitriptyline, salicyclic acid, opipramol, alprazolam and carbamazepine) were chosen for the study of optimal CPE conditions. The CPE technique consists in partition of an aqueous sample with addition of a surfactant into two phases: micelle-rich phase with the isolated compounds and water phase containing a surfactant below the critical micellar concentration, mainly under influence of temperature change. The proposed extraction system consists of two chief steps: isolation of basic compounds (from pH 12) and then isolation of acidic/neutral compounds (from pH 6) using surfactant Triton X-114 as the extraction medium. Extraction recovery varied from 25.2 to 107.9% with intra-day and inter-day precision (RSD %) ranged 0.88-1087 and 5.32-17.96, respectively. The limits of detection for the studied medicaments at λ 254nm corresponded to therapeutic or low toxic plasma concentration levels. Usefulness of the proposed CPE-HPLC/DAD method for toxicological drug screening was tested via its application to analysis of two serum samples taken from patients suspected of drug overdosing. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Excited cooper pairs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopez-Arrietea, M. G.; Solis, M. A.; De Llano, M. [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F (Mexico)

2001-02-01

Excited cooper pairs formed in a many-fermion system are those with nonzero total center-of mass momentum (CMM). They are normally neglected in the standard Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory of superconductivity for being too few compared with zero CMM pairs. However, a Bose-Einstein condensation picture requires both zero and nonzero CMM pairs. Assuming a BCS model interaction between fermions we determine the populations for all CMM values of Cooper pairs by actually calculating the number of nonzero-CMM pairs relative to that of zero-CMM ones in both 2D and 3D. Although this ratio decreases rapidly with CMM, the number of Cooper pairs for any specific CMM less than the maximum (or breakup of the pair) momentum turns out to be typically larger than about 95% of those with zero-CMM at zero temperature T. Even at T {approx}100 K this fraction en 2D is still as large as about 70% for typical quasi-2D cuprate superconductor parameters. [Spanish] Los pares de cooper excitados formados en un sistema de muchos electrones, son aquellos con momentos de centro de masa (CMM) diferente de cero. Normalmente estos no son tomados en cuenta en la teoria estandar de la superconductividad de Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) al suponer que su numero es muy pequeno comparados con los pares de centro de masa igual a cero. Sin embargo, un esquema de condensacion Bose-Einstein requiere de ambos pares, con CMM cero y diferente de cero. Asumiendo una interaccion modelo BCS entre los fermiones, determinamos la poblacion de pares cooper con cada uno de todos los posibles valores del CMM calculando el numero de pares con momentos de centro de masa diferente de cero relativo a los pares de CMM igual a cero, en 2D y 3D. Aunque esta razon decrece rapidamente con el CMM, el numero de pares de cooper para cualquier CMM especifico menor que el momento maximo (o rompimiento de par) es tipicamente mas grande que el 95% de aquellos con CMM cero. Aun a T {approx}100 K esta fraccion en 2D es

Parámetros de Transferencia de Materia en el Secado de Frutas, sin Necesidad de Datos de Disminución de Volumen Mass Transfer Parameters in Fruit Drying, without using Shrinkage Data

OpenAIRE

Sebastião R Ferreira; Antônio R. S Costa

2010-01-01

Se desarrolló una metodología analítica para evaluar parámetros de transferencia de materia en el secado de frutas cilindricas, sin necesidad de conocer datos de disminución de volumen, pero admitiendo implícitamente disminución de su radio en el proceso R. Con el procedimiento se predice el coeficiente externo de transferencia de materia k m, la difusividad efectiva del agua en frutos De f, el número de Biot Bi y el radio promedio Rm durante el secado. Para probar la metodología es necesario...

[Study on characteristics of pharmacological effects of traditional Chinese medicines distributing along lung meridian based on medicinal property combination].

Science.gov (United States)

Gu, Hao; Zhang, Yan-Ling; Wang, Yun; Qiao, Yan-Jiang

2014-07-01

Medicinal properties are the basic attribute of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), while the medicinal property theory is the core theoretical foundation of TCM formula combination. In this particle, authors studied the characteristics of pharmacological effects of property combination of traditional Chinese medicines distributing along meridians, with the aim to introduce the medicinal property combination regularity into the design and optimization process of compound TCMs, and bring the medicinal property theory into full play in guiding the formula combination. In this paper, TCMs distributing along "the lung meridian" was taken for example. The medicinal property combinations of TCMs distributing along "the lung meridian" recorded in Pharmacopeia (2010) was collected and processed. Besides, Chinese journal full-text database (CNKI) was used to collect all of pharmacological study literatures concerning the above TCMs that have been published since 1980. The pharmacological information was also supplemented by reference to Science of Chinese Materia Medica and Clinical Science of Chinese Materia Medica. TCMs distributing along the lung meridian with different properties and tastes showed significant differences in pharmacological effects. For example, mild-sweet-lung medicines could lower blood sugar levels, decrease anoxia and enhance immunity; Mild-bitter-lung medicines showed anti-bacterial, anti-hypertension, anti-oxidation effects; Hot-sweet-lung medicines showed antibechic and anti-bacterial effects. And Hot-bitter-lung medicines showed phlegm eliminating and anti-inflammatory effects. Meanwhile, TCMs distributing along the lung meridian had similar pharmacological characteristics, such as anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, which is consistent with lung's feature in susceptibility to exogenous pathogenic factors. In this study, authors discovered pharmacological characteristics of different TCMs distributing along the lung meridian, which

[Preliminary study on standardization of production and processing of Angelicae Sinensis Radix pieces].

Science.gov (United States)

Nie, Rui-Jie; Wang, Ying-Zi; Sun, Zhen-Yang; Wang, Si-Yu; Zhang, Jing-Zhen

2017-12-01

Study on the standardization of Chinese materia medica is an important action for modernization and globalization for traditional Chinese medicine. Standardization on the processing of Chinese herbal pieces is an important part in the study on standardization of Chinese materia medica, so it is of great significance to establish the technical processing standards of Angelicae Sinensis Radix pieces for improving its quality. In this study, single factor experiment was designed to optimize the softening, cutting and drying processes of Angelicae Sinensis Radix. With ferulic acid, Angelicae Sinensis Radix polysaccharide, volatile oil and extracts (water and ethanol) content as the quality index, the effects of different softening, cutting and drying processes on the contents of the five components in Angelicae Sinensis Radix were analyzed, and the normalized distance evaluation method was used to analyze the experimental data. The results showed that the content of five components in Angelicae Sinensis Radix was affected by different softening methods and drying temperature, but the thickness of slice had little effect on the content. The best preparation process for Angelicae Sinensis Radix was as follows: Non-medicinal parts were removed; mildewed and rot as well as moth-eaten parts were removed; washed by the flowing drinking water; stacked in the drug pool; moistening method was used for softening, where 125 mL water was sprayed for every 1 kg of herbs every 2.5 h; upper part of herbs covered with clean and moist cotton, and cut into thin slices (1-2 mm) after 15 h moistening until appropriate softness, with disk thickness of 1-2 cm, then received blast drying for 6 h at 55 ℃, and turned over for 2 times during the drying. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Process optimization and evaluation of novel baicalin solid nanocrystals

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Yue PF

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Peng-Fei Yue,1,2 Yu Li,1 Jing Wan,1 Yong Wang,1 Ming Yang,1 Wei-Feng Zhu,1 Chang-Hong Wang,2 Hai-Long Yuan31Key Lab of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 2Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 3302 Hospital of PLA Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, People's Republic of ChinaAbstract: The objective of this study was to prepare baicalin solid nanocrystals (BCN-SNS to enhance oral bioavailability of baicalin. A Box–Behnken design approach was used for process optimization. The physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetics of the optimal BCN-SNS were investigated. Multiple linear regression analysis for process optimization revealed that the fine BCN-SNS was obtained wherein the optimal values of homogenization pressure (bar, homogenization cycles (cycles, amount of TPGS to drug (w/w, and amount of MCCS to drug (w/w were 850 bar, 25 cycles, 10%, and 10%, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy results indicated that no significant aggregation or crystal growth could be observed in the redispersed freeze-dried BCN-SNS. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction results showed that BCN remained in a crystalline state. Dissolution velocity of the freeze-dried BCN-SNS powder was distinctly superior compared to those of the crude powder and physical mixture. The bioavailability of BCN in rats was increased remarkably after oral administration of BCN-SNS (P < 0.05, compared with those of BCN or the physical mixture. The SNS might be a good choice for oral administration of poorly soluble BCN, due to an improvement of the bioavailability and dissolution velocity of BCN-SNS.Keywords: baicalin, solid nanocrystals, optimization, in vivo/vitro evaluation

Evaluación de mezclas formuladas de fertilizantes con dosis crecientes y aplicación de materia orgánica en el rendimiento de tabaco negro en un suelo arenoso bajo condiciones de invernadero

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Aníbal Cóndor G

2013-06-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo compara tres mezclas formuladas de fertilizantes —una mezcla tradicional; un fertilizante mineral 10-15-20; y un fertilizante orgánico-mineral 8-12-16 en dosis crecientes, con y sin aplicación de materia orgánica (humus de lombriz— en el cultivo de tabaco. El experimento se condujo en un suelo arenoso de irrigación utilizando 2 plántulas de tabaco negro por maceta. La fertilización al suelo para cada dosis de NPK en mg.kg-1/maceta fue: dosis baja (160-60-80, dosis media (320-120-160 y dosis alta (480-180-240. Se utilizó el diseño completo al azar con arreglo factorial, con tres repeticiones y conducido en macetas con 4 kg de suelo. La evaluación consistió en medir el rendimiento en peso fresco de la parte aérea y el peso seco total (parte aérea y radicular de las plantas. Fue posible observar que no existe superioridad en cuanto a la materia fresca y seca total producidas entre las mezclas formuladas utilizadas, con un promedio de 432,5g/maceta y 112,6g/ maceta, respectivamente. Se pudo tener así tres alternativas en la fertilización de tabaco. Sin embargo, con el uso del fertilizante orgánico-mineral se obtendría mayores beneficios en el suelo por el efecto residual que dejaría por contener en su composición un 25% de materia orgánica por cada 100 kg de fertilizante. Conforme aumentan las dosis de fertilización se incrementan también los rendimientos, notándose el efecto directo de los fertilizantes en el sustrato arenoso utilizado, sin salinidad que pueda haber afectado la asimilación de nutrientes. Además, se observó la baja fertilidad del sustrato al comparar el tratamiento adicional 0-0-0 con los demás tratamientos, lo que ha producido mas del 300% en cuanto a rendimiento. No existe efecto significativo en la interacción fertilizante vs. materia orgánica en la producción de materia fresca aérea y seca total, debido a que la dosis de materia orgánica fue baja (1%.

REMOCION DE CROMO Y MATERIA ORGANICA DISUELTA EN EFLUENTES INDUSTRIALES POR ADSORCIÓN E INTERCAMBIO IONICO EN ZEOLITA Y CARBON ACTIVADO.

OpenAIRE

COVARRUBIAS GALLARDO, CRISTIAN MAURICIO; COVARRUBIAS GALLARDO, CRISTIAN MAURICIO

2005-01-01

Se estudió la remoción de cromo y materia orgánica desde solución acuosa utilizando métodos de separación basados en el uso de zeolitas y carbón activado. Para este propósito se evaluó la operación de remoción de cromo en columnas empacadas de zeolita y c 175p.

The Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis-tomato interactome reveals the perception of pathogen by the host and suggests mechanisms of infection

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Savidor, Alon [Tel Aviv University; Teper, [Tel Aviv University; Gartemann, KH [Tel Aviv University; Eichenlaub, R [Tel Aviv University; Chalupowicz, L [Tel Aviv University; Manulis-Sasson, S [Tel Aviv University; Barash, I [Tel Aviv University; Tews, H [Tel Aviv University; Mayer, K [Tel Aviv University; Giannone, Richard J [ORNL; Hettich, Robert {Bob} L [ORNL; Sessa, G [Tel Aviv University

2012-01-01

The Gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) causes wilt and canker disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Mechanisms of Cmm pathogenicity and tomato response to Cmm infection are not well understood. To explore the interaction between Cmm and tomato, multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) and tandem mass spectrometry were used to analyze in vitro and in planta generated samples. The results show that during infection Cmm senses the plant environment, transmits signals, induces, and then secretes multiple hydrolytic enzymes, including serine proteases of the Pat-1, Ppa, and Sbt familes, the CelA, XysA, and NagA glycosyl hydrolases, and other cell wall-degrading enzymes. Tomato induction of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, LOX1, and other defense-related proteins during infection indicates that the plant senses the invading bacterium and mounts a basal defense response, although partial with some suppressed components including class III peroxidases and a secreted serine peptidase. The tomato ethylene-synthesizing enzyme ACC-oxidase was induced during infection with the wild-type Cmm but not during infection with an endophytic Cmm strain, identifying Cmm-triggered host synthesis of ethylene as an important factor in disease symptom development. The proteomic data were also used to improve Cmm genome annotation, and thousands of Cmm gene models were confirmed or expanded.

Oportunidades para el uso de instrumentos económicos en materia de aguas en México

OpenAIRE

García Lopez, Tania

2014-01-01

En el presente trabajo se reflexiona sobre las oportunidades en México para el uso de instrumentos económicos en materia de aguas. Tras la reforma constitucional del año 2012, en la que se añade un párrafo sexto dentro del artículo cuarto, es necesario cambiar el marco jurídico aplicable a las aguas en el país y este estudio hace una propuesta de redacción de un capítulo relativo a los instrumentos económicos en dicho ordenamiento jurídico. Se distingue, de acuerdo a lo que dispone la Ley Gen...

Botany in Edinburgh's Medical Curriculum.

Science.gov (United States)

Wilson, Hazel

2012-01-01

In the early 18th century, at the founding of Edinburgh University Medical School, the study of botany was regarded as an essential component of medical training. Botanical teaching began as basic instruction in the recognition of medical plants, considered a vital aspect of a physician's Materia Medica studies. Over the next hundred years growing importance was given to the study of botany as a science, its popularity peaking under John Hutton Balfour's tenure as Professor (1845-1879). The relevance of botanical study later declined in the undergraduate medical curriculum until its cessation in 1961 .This paper considers the history of botanical studies in Edinburgh, including the reasons for its introduction and its changing importance over time.

Die rol van profete as verskaffers van alternatiewe mediese sorg

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J. H. Booyens

1993-03-01

Full Text Available In this article the unpublished results of a study on the healing and helping activities of prophets associated with Indigenous or Independent Churches in a Black township are reflected. The healing activities at the prophets homes and some a activities at churches are described as well as aspects of their materia medica. From interviews and a relatively long term association with the prophets it became clear that they are sincere in their conviction that they can help people in distress. From a small survey undertaken during the research, at least some of the former patients/clients of prophets interviewed also indicated that they had been helped/cured by the intervention of the prophets.

La integración del Reglamento Europeo en materia sucesoria en el Derecho interregional español

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LUIS GARAU JUANEDA

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Article 38 of the European Regulation on succession matters alow the non-application of this Regulation to internal conflicts of laws. This paper specifies in which cases we are dealing with an internal conflict of laws and why we must understand that Spain use this possibility. El artículo 38 del reglamento Europeo en materia sucesoria permite excluir de su aplicación los conflictos internos. En este trabajo se precisa en qué casos estamos ante un conflicto interno y por qué debemos entender que España se acoge a esta posibilidad

Efecto de las deficiencias nutricionales en la distribución de la materia seca en plantas de vivero de curuba (Passiflora mollissima Bailey

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Cabezas Marco

2008-08-01

Full Text Available

Para confirmar el efecto que tienen las deficiencias de nutrientes minerales mayores en la asignación de la materia seca en órganos vegetativos de Passiflora mollissima, se realizó un experimento en condiciones de vivero, mediante la técnica de deficiencia inducida por elemento faltante. Se pudo establecer que las deficiencias de N y K reducen en alta proporción el área foliar y la masa de la planta, mientras que las deficiencias de P afectan el patrón de distribución de la biomasa, al favorecer la mayor acumulación en la raíz. En general, las deficiencias de macronutrientes afectan de forma drástica la distribución de la materia seca en los órganos vegetativos de la planta y producen síntomas específicos que pueden servir como indicadores del estado nutricional en condiciones de campo.

Materias para la industria cerámica española. Situación actual y perspectivas

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Sánchez, E.

2006-02-01

Full Text Available The ceramics and glass industry in Spain has witnessed spectacular growth in recent years – particularly in the latter half of the 1990s – in products such as ceramic tiles, bricks and roofing tiles, driven by the building boom in Spain. However, at the start of the 21st century, growth has clearly flattened, owing to the emergence of production hubs in China, Brazil and Asian-Pacific countries. Raw materials have played a critical role in this new scenario, owing their impact on final product cost. With a view to analysing this role the present study first describes the principal raw materials used in ceramics and glass compositions, briefly indicating the functions of these raw materials. The study then reviews the evolution of raw materials consumption and prices in a strongly globalised business context, and seeks to identify the causes of certain mismatches between supply and demand. Finally, the challenges facing raw materials supply are discussed, particularly in regard to sustainable development of resources, threats and advantages of the global market, and research and development of new materials.

Los datos de la industria cerámica y vidriera en España muestran un espectacular crecimiento que tuvo lugar principalmente en la segunda mitad de los 90, en particular en productos relacionados con la construcción, como baldosas cerámicas o ladrillos y tejas, impulsados por una frenética actividad en este sector industrial en España. Sin embargo, con el comienzo de siglo, el modelo cerámico español muestra claros síntomas de agotamiento, como consecuencia del gran aumento de la producción en China, Brasil y países de la zona Asia-Pacífico. Las materias primas, por su gran incidencia en el coste final del producto, han jugado y jugarán un decisivo papel en este nuevo escenario. Para analizar este rol, en el presente trabajo se ha comenzado por describir las principales materias primas que intervienen en la formulaci

Utilización de una nueva materia prima borácica para la formulación de esmaltes

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Gómez-Tena, M. P.

2010-10-01

contenido en B₂O₃ entre un 10-11 % en peso. Es en gran parte amorfo, siendo el cuarzo la fase cristalina presente de forma mayoritaria. Características tales, como presentar una baja solubilidad y formar fácilmente fase vítrea, hace que sea posible utilizar el nuevo borato, como materia prima en composiciones de esmalte. Su aptitud para la formulación de esmaltes, ha sido el resultado de varios años de investigación en colaboración con el Instituto de Tecnología Cerámica. En este trabajo se ha estudiado la viabilidad de fabricar esmaltes cerámicos haciendo uso de una nueva materia prima borácica sintética, la cual permite aportar boro a la composición de los esmaltes sin necesidad de hacerlo en forma fritada. Se ha podido obtener vidriados con similares características técnicas y estéticas que los obtenidos a partir de esmaltes de uso industrial que contienen fritas típicas en su composición, por lo que resulta posible formular esmaltes mediante el empleo de la nueva materia prima de boro sintética. De los resultados se deriva, que la utilización de esta nueva materia prima (E-4972 es especialmente adecuada para la obtención de vidriados de bajo brillo a elevada temperatura.

Materias sintéticas como auxiliares en la construcción con hormigón

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Editorial, Equipo

1963-03-01

Full Text Available Not availableEl desarrollo técnico de los materiales sintéticos abre hoy día, en la construcción de hormigón, muchas nuevas posibilidades de aplicación. Este hecho quedó demostrado por la empresa química Hüls AG, quien dio ocasión, a la prensa especializada, de visitar una exposición bajo el tema «Materias sintéticas de Hüls en la construcción» y a la cual siguió una conferencia. Para demostrar las amplias posibilidades de este material y para reunir nuevos conocimientos, fue erigida, en Hüls, una vivienda experimental sin tomar en consideración el aspecto de la rentabilidad.

A acetamida de pirrolidona como medicação auxiliar no tratamento da paralisia cerebral

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Francisca Salete Pinheiro Chagas Ribeiro

1976-06-01

Full Text Available Vinte crianças, com diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral (PC e sob tratamento clássico, fisioterápico e pedagógico, receberam piracetam (acetamida de pirrolidona como medicação auxiliar. O objetivo foi melhorar os problemas de espasticidade, apredizagem, neurolabilidade, visando a um rendimento melhor do tratamento global da PC. O grupo medicado foi comparado com um grupo controle de 20 crianças que só eram objeto do tratamento habitual. A comparação mostrou resultados favoráveis no grupo medicado. A droga foi administrada na dose de 80 mg/kg/dia durante 10 semanas. Os critérios de avaliação dos resultados foram psicológicos, clínico, fisioterápico e pedagógico. A droga foi administrada em nova forma de apresentação: solução, para uso oral, a 6%.

Dos variantes de la alfabetización académica cuando se entrelazan la lectura y la escritura en las materias

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Paula Carlino

2017-01-01

Full Text Available ste trabajo reexamina datos de tres investigaciones realizadas por el Grupo para la Inclusión y Calidad Educativas a través de Ocuparnos de la Lectura y la Escritura en todas las Materias (Giceolem, que versan sobre los modos en que escribir y leer se incluyen en distintos espacios curriculares de la educación superior. Mediante una encuesta nacional, identificamos que existen dos modalidades de trabajo con la lectura y la escritura en cada materia: la periférica y la entrelazada. A través del análisis de registros observacionales en clases de Historia y de Biología, distinguimos, a su vez, dos variantes de la modalidad entrelazada, correspon - dientes a situaciones en las que se dialoga en torno a lo leído y escrito sobre temas disciplinares. El análisis de las observaciones de clase permite caracterizar las prácticas de enseñanza, y triangularlas con lo que de ellas se declara en la encuesta. Se busca con ello aportar al debate sobre la alfabetización académica, precisando cómo, con qué fin y por qué ocuparse de la escritura y lectura a través del currículum.

Aprendizaje cooperativo en la materia dirección de producción y operaciones

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Eloísa Díaz-Garrido

2013-11-01

Full Text Available En el presente estudio se analizan los resultados de implantar el aprendizaje cooperativo en un grupo de estudiantes que cursan la asignatura Dirección de Producción, en el segundo curso del Grado de Administración y Dirección de Empresas de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Madrid-España. Si bien la asignatura ya está adaptada al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES y se desarrolla aplicando metodologías activas orientadas al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, se ha optado por aplicar un método de enseñanza diferente. La experiencia desarrollada ha permitido obtener interesantes resultados, los alumnos perciben haber mejorado sus capacidades de comunicación, sus competencias intelectuales asociadas a la materia y profesionales asociadas con el trabajo en equipo.

El Desarrollo de Valores y Actitudes ético-Morales a través de las Materias Académicas con Implementación Tecnológica: Una Teoría Sustantiva-Edición Única

OpenAIRE

Alemán Vargas, Margarita

2002-01-01

El tema central del presente estudio es responder cuáles son las implicaciones pedagógicas para la institución escolar laica que busca el desarrollo valores y actitudes éticomorales y utiliza para ello, las materias académicas implantadas bajo un modelo educativo presencial auxiliado por tecnología computacional. Indagar cuáles son las implicaciones derivadas de tal acción educativa conlleva en primer lugar, al análisis de los rediseños instruccionales de las materias académica...

Efeito da irrigação e medicação endodôntica em dentina infectada por biofilmes orais

OpenAIRE

Ronald Ordinola Zapata

2013-01-01

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito antimicrobiano da irrigação e da medicação endodôntica em dentina infectada por biofilmes orais. Na primeira parte do estudo, avaliaram-se as seguintes soluções irrigadoras: hipoclorito de sódio a 1%, clorexidina a 2%, ácido cítrico a 10% e EDTA a 17%. Na segunda parte, avaliaram-se soluções irrigadoras contendo associações (MTAD, Smear Clear, Qmix, ácido maleico a 7%, iodo-iodeto de potássio a 2% e ácido peracético a 4%), sendo essas soluções comp...

Uso do metronidazol como medicação intracanal em dentes com necrose pulpar e reação periapical: relato de caso = The use of metronidazol as an intracanal medication for teeth with pulpar necrosis and periapical reaction: case report

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Carneiro, Sérgio Murilo Barbalho de Souza

2005-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desse trabalho foi comparar dois tratamentos endodônticos realizados em dentes com abscesso periapical crônico, em um mesmo paciente, empregando-se medicações intracanais diferentes. Para isso foram relatados dois casos clínicos de tratamentos endodônticos em dois dentes (31 e 41, nos quais foram empregados a mesma técnica de preparo biomecânico e obturação, variando apenas a medicação intracanal, pois no dente 31 foi empregada uma pasta a base de hidróxido de cálcio (Calen e no dente 41, o metronidazol na forma de gel ginecológico. Após um ano de proservação dos tratamentos realizados, verificou-se reparação dos tecidos periapicais em ambos os dentes, concluindo-se que, nesse caso, a variação da medicação intracanal não interferiu no resultado do tratamento instituído e que o metronidazol pode ser uma alternativa viável como coadjuvante na terapia endodôntica desse tipo de patologia

Los desafíos de la UE en materia migratoria: la cooperación con terceros estados

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Gracia Abad

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Los dos principales desafíos a que debe hacer frente la Unión Europea en materia migratoria son la dificultad para conseguir una aproximación común a estas cuestiones y la imposibilidad de abordarlas actuando exclusivamente desde uno de sus pilares. Como respuesta al segundo de estos desafíos la UE ha diseñado el denominado enfoque global. El artículo analiza la cooperación de la UE con terceros estados así como su importancia en el contexto del enfoque global y las dificultades que tal cooperación entraña.

I concetti di "materia", "forma" e "ordine" nel pensiero teorico musicale medievale e contemporaneo

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Cecilia Panti

2011-01-01

Full Text Available La dimensione teorica della musica occidentale, nella sua evoluzione storica, ha inevitabilmente fatto uso di concetti essenziali alla definizione di come il suono è musicalmente organizzato o organizzabile. Fra questi, risultano imprescindibili le nozioni di materia, forma e ordine, che implicano rispettivamente, nei pur diversi ambiti linguistici e contesti storico-filosofici di riferimento, ciò di cui è fatta la musica, ciò a cui la materia sonora tende, e come tale tensione è realizzata. Scopo di questo contributo è una valutazione d’insieme sulla valenza filosofica e l’uso di tali concetti nel pensiero musicale occidentale altomedievale e in quello del Novecento, che nonostante la distanza cronologica presentano convergenze significative. Nel Medioevo, un lungo processo di elaborazione teorico-pratica permise la matematizzazione dello spazio (e, più tardi, anche del tempo musicale, attraverso l’adattamento di moduli melodici, trasmessi oralmente, alle strutture scalari desunte dalla teoria greco-boeziana. La forma e l’ordo musicali furono quindi riferiti ai criteri fisico-matematici atti a distinguere nella materia sonora, in sé disorganica e indefinita, ciò che è musicale da ciò che non lo è. Tale concezione sparisce con l’affermarsi del sistema tonale, ove il suono fisico è concepito come “pre-formato” e “pre-ordinato” nella gamma scalare e nei vincoli attrattivi “naturali” degli armonici. In conseguenza, i concetti di forma e ordine abbandonano il contesto acustico, andando a definire i criteri teorici della composizione artistica, in linea con l’idea filosofica del loro esprimere la coerenza logico-sintattica dell’“insieme organico” (la Formenlehre teorizzata da Widmann. Nell’ambito del pensiero musicale del Novecento, la crisi del sistema tonale e la messa a punto di nuove modalità e tecniche di produzione del suono hanno riorientato la valenza significante e l’uso di questi tre concetti

FBBF: un reto en la integración de las materias básicas en primero de Medicina

OpenAIRE

Gal Iglesias, Beatriz; Fernández Santander, Ana; Palau Beato, Luisa Cristina; Sánchez, Ana María

2012-01-01

Un grupo de profesores del Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas Básicas de la UEM nos planteamos la importancia de la integración en el diseño del currículo del Grado de Medicina, desde una perspectiva tanto horizontal como vertical. En este trabajo planteamos la puesta a punto de un curriculum basado en la integración de las materias, como experiencia piloto, para los alumnos de primero de medicina. A continuación se describe la reorganización de las asignaturas y créditos así como la metodol...

Evaluación de distintas materias primas para la producción de almácigo de tomate

OpenAIRE

Fernando Richmond

2010-01-01

Se evaluaron mezclas de materias primas naturales en diferentes proporciones y en el siguiente orden: fibra de coco (Cocos nucifera), aserrín de melina (Gmelina arborea) y abono orgánico Coope Victoria, para utilizarlos como sustrato en la etapa de almácigo de tomate híbrido FBM-17. Se hicieron mezclas entre sí de fibra de coco y aserrín de melina en diferentes proporciones (30%, 40% y 50% de cada material), para un total de 9 tratamientos; el abono orgánico se agregó para completar el 100%. ...

Estudio comparado sobre igualdad de género en materia laboral: los casos de alemania, kazajstán y méxico.

OpenAIRE

Sigmond Ballestros, Karen; Cernas Díaz, Luis Antonio; Bambrila Paz, Carlos

2013-01-01

El propósito de esta investigación es proveer al lector una visión comparativa del progreso en materia de igualdad de género plasmado en el contenido de las leyes laborales, a través del espíritu normativo de las Constituciones y las principales normas de la República Federal de Alemania, la República de Kazajstán y México.

Gres porcelánico esmaltado producido por vía seca: materias primas fundentes

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Boschi, A. O.

2012-04-01

densificación y, por consiguiente, determinan la temperatura de cocción y la deformación piroplástica. Los agentes fundentes que se usan habitualmente en las composiciones de gres porcelánico son: feldespatos, filitas (usadas en Brasil y nefelinas. Estas materias primas no son solubles al agua, lo que las hace particularmente adecuadas para las composiciones de gres porcelánico tradicional producido por vía húmeda. Sin embargo, existe un gran grupo de materias primas solubles que también tienen un gran potencial como fundentes y que podrían utilizarse en los procesos de vía seca. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo ha sido determinar el potencial fundente de las materias primas solubles al agua, o parcialmente solubles al agua, en una composición de gres porcelánico. La efectividad de varios boratos, es decir, la colemanita, la ulexita, la hidroboracita, así como el carbonato sódico, fueron ensayados en un estudio de tipo comparativo. Los resultados de este estudio indican que la incorporación de pequeñas cantidades de estos fundentes es suficiente para reducir la temperatura de cocción de forma importante, sin causar una alta deformación piroplástica de los soportes. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con las composiciones que contenían hidroboracita. Este resultado es especialmente relevante para la creación de composiciones alternativas de piezas de gres porcelánico producidas por vía seca. El proceso de vía seca es, en la actualidad, un tema de especial interés, debido a las cuestiones medioambientales y económicas.

Identification of a microsporidian isolate from Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis and its pathogenicity to Bombyx mori.

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Xuhua; Qi, Guangjun; Pan, Zhixin; Zhu, Fangrong; Huang, Yuanjiao; Wu, Yonghu

2014-11-01

A microsporidian, CmM2, was isolated from Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. The biological characters, molecular analysis and pathogenicity of CmM2 were studied. The spore of CmM2 is long oval in shape and 3.45 ± 0.25 × 1.68 ± 0.18 µm in size, the life cycle includes meronts, sporonts, sporoblasts, and spores, with typical diplokaryon in each stage, propagated in binary fission. There is positive coagulation reaction between CmM2 and the polyclonal antibody of Nosema bombycis (N.b.). CmM2 spores is binuclear, and has 10-12 polar filament coils. The small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequence of CmM2 was obtained by PCR amplification and sequencing, the phylogenetic tree based on SSU rRNA sequences had been constructed, and the similarity and genetic distance of SSU rRNA sequences were analyzed, showed that CmM2 was grouped in the Nosema clade. The 50% infectious concentration of CmM2 to Bombyx mori is 4.72 × 10(4)  spores ml(-1) , and the germinative infection rate is 12.33%. The results showed that CmM2 is classified into genus Nosema, as Nosema sp. CmM2, and has a heavy infectivity to B. mori. The result indicated as well that it is valuable taxonomic determination for microsporidian isolates based on both biological characters and molecular evidence. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Optical enhancement effects of plasmonic nanostructures on organic photovoltaic cells

KAUST Repository

Park, Hui Joon

2015-04-01

© 2015 Hui Joon Park and L. Jay Guo. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved. In this article, the optical enhancement effects of plasmonic nanostructures on OPV cells were reviewed as an effective way to resolve the mismatch problems between the short exciton diffusion length in organic semiconductors (around 10 nm) and the large thickness required to fully absorb sunlight (e.g. hundreds of nanometers). Especially, the performances of OPVs with plasmonic nanoparticles in photoactive and buffer layers and with periodic nanostructures were investigated. Furthermore, nanoimprint lithography-based nanofabrication processes that can easily control the dimension and uniformity of structures for large-area and uniform plasmonic nanostructures were demonstrated.

Ayurvĕda gleaned through Buddhism.

Science.gov (United States)

Narayana, Ala; Lavekar, G S

2005-01-01

The Păli canon consists of three Pitakas (baskets), which replete the Buddhism and is known as Tripiţaka, viz, Vinaya, Sutta and Abhidhamma Piţakas. The original phase of Tripiţaka (Buddhisim started in 544 B.C. and lastly systematized up to 29 B.C. The Buddhist literature also possesses the esoteric material of Medical Science, which is practiced and conserved in India since centuries. It refers to the fundamentals of medicine, rules of good living, which lay considerable emphasis on the hygiene of body, mind. Internal Medicine, curative medicine including symptoms, methods of diagnosis, theories of causation, materia-medica, therapeutics and treatment and skills of Jivaka. Some famous and popular prescriptions are also dealt with.

EVALUACIÓN DE MATERIAS PRIMAS EN UNA PLANTA DE BENEFICIO DE ARENA DE SILICE PARA AUMENTAR LA EFICIENCIA ENERGÉTICA DEL PROCESO DE MOLIENDA

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BEATRIZ ÁLVAREZ-RODRÍGUEZ

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo primordial optimizar el consumo energético y reducir la contaminación ambiental asociada, por la liberación de CO2, en una planta de micronización de sílice. La metodología empleada consiste en aplicar la teoría de Bond para la selección de materias primas a tratar en la mencionada planta, la cual dependiendo de las necesidades actuales opera con dos tamaños de molienda d100, 50 y 75μm. Los ensayos experimentales se llevaron a cabo sobre muestras tomadas en la planta, teniendo en cuenta que las tres materias primas son de distinta procedencia y de similares características químicas y mineralógicas. Del análisis de los resultados obtenidos se concluye que el consumo energético de la planta puede reducirse hasta algo más de un 30% en ambos tamaños y evitando las emisiones de CO2 en 293,83 kg y 128,86 kg por hora de funcionamiento respectivamente.

Mejoramiento de la gestión de compras e inventario de materia prima en la empresa Cepeda Cía. Ltda.

OpenAIRE

Villacís Mayorga, Grace Silvana

2015-01-01

En los resultados obtenidos en el proyecto "Diagnóstico de la Gestión de Compras y Control de Inventarios en la Empresa Cepeda Cía. Ltda.", se determinaron problemas de excesos y desabastecimientos de materia prima, procedimientos no actualizados del sistema de gestión; falta de un control formal o técnico en la gestión de los procesos de compra y control de inventarios evidenciándose que se requiere de planificación y orden. Para el mejoramiento del Proceso de Compras e Inventarios de Materi...

Increased UV-induced sister-chromatid exchange in cultured fibroblasts of first-degree relatives of melanoma patients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knees-Matzen, S.; Roser, M.; Reimers, U.; Ehlert, U.; Weichenthal, M.; Breitbart, E.W.; Ruediger, H.W.

1991-01-01

Cultured fibroblasts of 17 first-degree relatives of familial melanoma patients and six first-degree relatives of cutaneous melanoma (CMM) patients with multiple CMM primaries were tested for in vitro sensitivity to UV light. Fibroblasts of nine familial CMM patients with a known UV-sensitivity and 19 healthy probands served as a control. Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) was used as a parameter to detect UV-induced genotoxic damage. The authors found significantly (p less than 0.001) increased UV-induced SCE levels in familial melanoma patients, as well as in first-degree relatives of familial melanoma patients (p less than 0.001) after UV-A,B irradiation (375 J/m2), compared to the healthy probands without a family history of CMM. A significant (p less than 0.001) increase of UV-induced SCE was also observed in the relatives of CMM patients with multiple CMM primaries. In addition, the spontaneous SCE were significantly increased (p less than 0.05) in familial CMM patients. This study shows that increased UV sensitivity is a familial phenomenon. It is consistent with the concept of a genetic predisposition to CMM, which is based on increased UV sensitivity and may help to define groups with an elevated risk of developing cutaneous malignant melanoma

Revelação da ocorrência de erro de medicação em unidade de cuidados intensivos pediátricos Disclosure of medication error in a pediatric intensive care unit

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Aline Santa Cruz Belela

2010-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever a ocorrência de comunicação do erro de medicação à equipe e família em uma unidade de cuidados intensivos pediátricos para atendimento de pacientes oncológicos. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo e exploratório, realizado no período de 1º de março a 31 de maio de 2008. Foi elaborada e implantada na unidade de cuidados intensivos pediátricos uma ficha de notificação de erros de medicação. A ficha deveria ser preenchida pelos profissionais envolvidos no sistema de medicação da unidade no período definido para coleta de dados. . RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta por 71 fichas coletadas no período de estudo. Após a detecção do erro de medicação, a ocorrência não foi comunicada à equipe em 34 (47,9% situações. Nos 37 casos nos quais os eventos foram comunicados, o médico (48,7% foi aquele que mais recebeu a informação. Em 95,8% dos relatos a ocorrência não foi informada ao paciente e família. CONCLUSÃO: Embora a literatura atual preconize a revelação do erro, tal prática não constitui atividade freqüente na unidade de cuidados intensivos pediátricos estudada.OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency medication error disclosure to the team and to the family in an oncology pediatric patients' intensive care unit. METHODS: This was a descriptive and exploratory study performed between March 1 and May 31, 2008. A medication error report form was developed and implemented, to be completed by the professionals involved in the unit's medication process. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 71 forms collected over the 92 collection days. After medication error detection, the event was not reported to the pediatric intensive care unit's team in 34 (47.9% cases. In the 37 reported to the team cases, for most of them (48.7% the physician was the professional communicated. The event was not disclosed to the patient/family in 95.8% of medication error reports. CONCLUSIONS: Although the literature recommends

Extraction, chemical composition, rheological behavior, antioxidant activity and functional properties of Cordia myxa mucilage.

Science.gov (United States)

Dokht, Shaghayegh Keshani; Djomeh, Zahra Emam; Yarmand, Mohammad Saeid; Fathi, Morteza

2018-06-14

This paper aims to investigate chemical composition, rheological behavior, antioxidant activity and functional properties of Cordia myxa mucilage (CMM). Response surface methodology (RSM) demonstrated that optimum conditions for CMM extraction were as follow: ultrasound power of 99.37 W, extraction temperature of 88.05 °C and solid to water ratio of 16.25 w/w. CMM had, on average, 77.51% carbohydrate, 5.86% total ash, 8.90% protein, 6.90% moisture, and 1.00% fat. Due to a high level of nutrients, CMM can be suggested as a value added by-product in food and pharmaceutical systems. CMM is a low molecular weight polysaccharide containing three fractions with various molecular weights. FT-IR spectrum illustrated that this polymer had all typical bands and peaks characteristics of polysaccharides. Based on steady shear measurements, CMM can be introduced as a new source of hydrocolloid with high-temperature stability. CMM had the desirable antiradical capacity, water solubility and water/oil holding capacity. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

La descomposición de la materia orgánica y su relación con algunos factores climáticos y microclimaticos

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Arguello Arias Heliodoro

1991-12-01

Full Text Available La descomposición de la materia orgánica, es un importante proceso que relaciona la dinámica de la vegetación con la dinámica del suelo. Regulando este proceso intervienen
factores bióticos y abióticos. Algunos autores mencionan que la temperatura es el factor climático más importante,
especialmente en condiciones muy húmedas; mientras que otros autores aseguran que es la humedad el factor climático más importante. Sin embargo, resulta claro que en las zonas templadas, la tasa de descomposición es más baja que en las zonas tropicales. También se han desarrollado modelos que
predicen el contenido de materia orgánica y nitrógeno en suelos superficiales, con base en informaciones sobre temperatura promedio anual y un "factor de humedad". Así
mismo otros han elaborado modelos que predicen la tasa de descomposición con base en el porcentaje de lignina contenido en el follaje. La evotranspiración actual anual, sin
embargo, presenta curvas de regresión más ajustadas al modelo de predicción, siendo el factor de mayor importancia.

La materia dei sogni Sbirciatina su un mondo di cose soffici (lettore compreso)

CERN Document Server

Piazza, Roberto

2010-01-01

Dall’aria che respiriamo ai cibi di cui ci nutriamo, dai vestiti che indossiamo ai detersivi con cui li laviamo, dai colori con cui dipingiamo agli schermi su cui li guardiamo, la nostra realtà quotidiana brulica di cose troppo piccole per essere viste, ma pur sempre enormi rispetto ai mattoni di cui è fatto il mondo, gli atomi e le molecole. Oltre ad essere alla radice di molte tecnologie di oggi e di domani, questi piccoli personaggi, ingredienti primari di quelli che gli scienziati chiamano "materiali soffici", "sistemi sovramolecolari", o " fluidi complessi", ci permettono anche di esplorare i segreti con cui la materia si organizza spontaneamente, perché anche la Vita altro non è se non l’apoteosi di questa incredibile "Terra di Mezzo", a metà strada tra le molecole e l’Uomo. Sfruttando l’esperienza scientifica accumulata dall’autore nel corso di molti anni, questo libro si propone di guidare il lettore attraverso un lungo, ma non troppo faticoso viaggio nel mondo delle nanoparticelle, dei...

Determinación de materia orgánica y hierro en rocas pizarrosas mediante medición de su coloración

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Encinas, M.

1990-08-01

Full Text Available The study of several Palaeozoic shales has allowed to establish a definite correlation between organic matter, or iron content, and colour (as determined with a reflectometer. Hyperbolic curves obtained by plotting the data, show correlation coefficients above 0.9. Colour in rocks is inf!uenced by carbonate content whereas reflectivity is increased by it. Use of a reflectometer, or the Munsell chart of colours, is then proposed as an easy, fast and accurate enough method of estimating organic matter or iron content on this type of pelitic rocks.El análisis de diferentes pizarras paleozoicas ha permitido establecer una correlación positiva entre el contenido en materia orgánica, así como en hierro, y su coloración, medida con un reflectómetro. . Las curvas que mejor se ajustan a los datos obtenidos son las de tipo hiperbólico, con coeficientes de correlación superiores a 0,9. La presencia de carbonatos influye notablemente en el color de las rocas, aumentando los valores de reflectividad. Se propone la utilización de un reflectómetro, o de la carta de colores de Munsell, como un método fácil, rápido y bastante preciso para estimar el porcentaje de materia orgánica y de hierro en este tipo de rocas pelíticas.

Ultraviolet-induced formation of micronuclei and sister chromatid exchange in cultured fibroblasts of patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roser, M.; Boehm, A.O.; Oldigs, M.; Weichenthal, M.; Reimers, U.; Schmidt-Preuss, U.; Breitbart, E.W.; Ruediger, H.W.

1989-01-01

Genetically enhanced sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) radiation may play an important role in the development of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). This was studied in cultured fibroblasts of 26 CMM patients and controls by micronucleus (MN) test and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) after UV irradiation (375 J/m2). Sister chromatid exchange and MN formation were used as parameters to detect the UV-induced genotoxic damage in the individual cell strains. We found that the UV-induced level of MN was significantly increased in CMM patients (p = 0.0005), being most pronounced in the familial cases (p = 0.0001). Ultraviolet-induced SCE was also elevated in CMM patients (p = 0.001), but there was no difference between familial and nonfamilial cases. The present findings indicate that genetic predisposition contributes to the development of CMM in a subset of CMM patients and may be due to an enhanced susceptibility to UV light

A strategic approach to selecting policy mechanisms for addressing coal mine methane emissions: A case study on Kazakhstan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Roshchanka, Volha; Evans, Meredydd; Ruiz, Felicia; Kholod, Nazar

2017-12-01

Coal production globally is projected to grow in the foreseeable future. Countries with heavy reliance on coal could reduce methane and other emissions through the capture and utilization of coal mine methane (CMM) in the short and medium term, while they pursue structural and long-term economic changes. Several countries have successfully implemented policies to promote CMM capture and utilization; however, some countries still struggle to implement projects. This paper outlines key factors to consider in adapting policies for CMM mitigation. The authors propose an approach for selecting adequate mechanisms for stimulating CMM mitigation that involves reviewing global best practices and categorizing them functionally either as mechanisms needed to improve the underlying conditions or as CMM-specific policies. It is important to understand local policy frameworks and to consider whether it is more feasible to improve underlying policy conditions or to provide targeted incentives as an interim measure. Using Kazakhstan as a case study, the authors demonstrate how policymakers could assess the overall policy framework to find the most promising options to facilitate CMM projects. Kazakhstan’s emissions from underground coal mines have been increasing both in total and per tonne of coal production, while overall production has been declining. CMM mitigation presents an opportunity for the country to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions in the near and medium term, while the government pursues sustainable development goals. Analysis shows that policymakers in Kazakhstan can leverage existing policies to stimulate utilization by extending feed-in tariffs to cover CMM and by developing working methodologies for companies to obtain emission reduction credits from CMM projects.

Exponentially increasing incidences of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Europe correlate with low personal annual UV doses and suggests 2 major risk factors.

Science.gov (United States)

Merrill, Stephen J; Ashrafi, Samira; Subramanian, Madhan; Godar, Dianne E

2015-01-01

For several decades the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) steadily increased in fair-skinned, indoor-working people around the world. Scientists think poor tanning ability resulting in sunburns initiate CMM, but they do not understand why the incidence continues to increase despite the increased use of sunscreens and formulations offering more protection. This paradox, along with lower incidences of CMM in outdoor workers, although they have significantly higher annual UV doses than indoor workers have, perplexes scientists. We found a temporal exponential increase in the CMM incidence indicating second-order reaction kinetics revealing the existence of 2 major risk factors. From epidemiology studies, we know one major risk factor for getting CMM is poor tanning ability and we now propose the other major risk factor may be the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) because clinicians find β HPVs in over half the biopsies. Moreover, we uncovered yet another paradox; the increasing CMM incidences significantly correlate with decreasing personal annual UV dose, a proxy for low vitamin D3 levels. We also discovered the incidence of CMM significantly increased with decreasing personal annual UV dose from 1960, when it was almost insignificant, to 2000. UV and other DNA-damaging agents can activate viruses, and UV-induced cytokines can hide HPV from immune surveillance, which may explain why CMM also occurs in anatomical locations where the sun does not shine. Thus, we propose the 2 major risk factors for getting CMM are intermittent UV exposures that result in low cutaneous levels of vitamin D3 and possibly viral infection.

Degradabilidad in situ de la materia seca, proteína y fibra del forraje de morera (morus alba

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Carlos Boschini

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Con el propósito de conocer la degradabilidad ruminal de la materia seca, de la proteína cruda, de la fibra neutro detergente y de sus fracciones contenidas en rebrotes de morera de 56, 84 y 112 días. Se determinó la degradación en hojas, tallos y la planta entera. La degradabilidad potencial en los tres componentes estudiados fue disminuyendo conforme aumentó la edad del rebrote. La fracción soluble en la materia seca varió de 29 a 25% en la hoja y de 27 a 19% en el tallo al aumentar la edad de 56 a 112 días. La fracción degradable en la hoja se mantuvo constante en las tres edades (61-63% con tasas de degradación ruminal de 14, 10 y 9%/h a 56, 84 y 112 días. En el tallo la fracción degradable disminuyó de 42 a 30% entre 56 y 112 días con velocidades de degradación de 8,4, 6,7 y 5,3%/h al aumentar la edad. La proteína cruda soluble disminuyó de 41 a 33% en la planta entera, conforme aumentó la edad, y la fracción degradable permaneció constante en 49-51%. La tasa de degradación fue superior a 9,4%/h. La fibra neutro detergente presentó una fracción degradable de 71%, 62% y 43% a 56, 84 y 112 días respectivamente, con tasas de degradación de 13, 10 y 9%/h en el mismo orden. La degradación de la fibra neutro detergente se inició en el rumen con un tiempo de rezago de 1,5 a 3,2 horas

COMPRENSIÓN DEL COMPORTAMIENTO ELÉCTRICO DE LOS SÓLIDOS A PARTIR DE UN CONOCIMIENTO BÁSICO SOBRE LA MATERIA. UN ESTUDIO EXPLORATORIO CON ALUMNOS DE SECUNDARIA

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Antonio García-Carmona

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Se argumenta la posibilidad de enseñar nociones de electricidad partiendo de un conocimiento básico sobre la materia. Con ello se intenta favorecer una visión globalizada de las ciencias físico-químicas, estableciendo una interrelación explícita entre ambos tópicos científicos. Para ello, se fundamenta una propuesta didácticainnovadora, orientada a enseñar el comportamiento eléctrico de materiales sólidos en 3º de ESO [edad 14-15]. A fin de evaluar la propuesta se realiza un estudio de caso exploratorio con 60 alumnos, en el que se analizan sus niveles de comprensión y principales dificultades de aprendizaje. En general, los alumnos adquieren niveles de comprensión moderados, aunque llegan a integrar conceptos relativos a la materia y la electricidad en sus razonamientos. Se concluye que es posible el planteamiento didáctico propuesto, si bien es necesario profundizar con nuevas investigaciones, queayuden a superar las dificultades de aprendizaje observadas.

Programa de fidelización para el segmento del mercado internacional de la empresa Materia Hnos. S.A.C.I.F.

OpenAIRE

Materia, Antonella

2015-01-01

Materia Hnos. S.A.C.I.F es una empresa dedicada a la elaboración de oleoquímicos con 58 años de trayectoria en el mercado, reconocida internacionalmente por la calidad de sus productos. A nivel nacional, logra acaparar todo el mercado ya que es la única industria encargada de la producción y comercialización de estos insumos. En cambio, a nivel mundial, la misma se encuentra en un entorno sumamente competitivo. Por este motivo, es indispensable la aplicación de estrategias vinculadas a gestio...

Caracterización y eliminación de la materia disuelta y coloidal en la fabricación de papel reciclado

OpenAIRE

Miranda Carreño, Rubén

2008-01-01

La creciente utilización del papel recuperado como materia prima para la fabricación de papel implica la necesidad de extender los límites actuales del reciclado de papel. En este sentido, la optimización del proceso de fabricación para eliminar al máximo los contaminantes y fabricar así papel reciclado de mayor calidad con un papel recuperado cuya calidad disminuye con el tiempo, es la clave para que este sector industrial siga siendo competitivo. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta tesis doctora...

Worldwide Increasing Incidences of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Godar, D. E.

2011-01-01

The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) has been increasing at a steady rate in fair-skinned populations around the world for decades. Scientists are not certain why CMM has been steadily increasing, but strong, intermittent UVB (290-320 nm) exposures, especially sunburn episodes, probably initiate, CMM, while UVA (321-400 nm) passing through glass windows in offices and cars probably promotes it. The CMM incidence may be increasing at an exponential rate around the world, but it definitely decreases with increasing latitude up to∼ 50 degree N where it reverses and increases with the increasing latitude. The inversion in the incidence of CMM may occur because there is more UVA relative to UVB for most of the year at higher latitudes. If windows, allowing UVA to enter our indoor-working environment and cars, are at least partly responsible for the increasing incidence of CMM, then UV filters can be applied to reduce the rate of increase worldwide.

Worldwide Increasing Incidences of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma

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Dianne E. Godar

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM has been increasing at a steady rate in fair-skinned populations around the world for decades. Scientists are not certain why CMM has been steadily increasing, but strong, intermittent UVB (290–320 nm exposures, especially sunburn episodes, probably initiate, CMM, while UVA (321–400 nm passing through glass windows in offices and cars probably promotes it. The CMM incidence may be increasing at an exponential rate around the world, but it definitely decreases with increasing latitude up to ~50°N where it reverses and increases with the increasing latitude. The inversion in the incidence of CMM may occur because there is more UVA relative to UVB for most of the year at higher latitudes. If windows, allowing UVA to enter our indoor-working environment and cars, are at least partly responsible for the increasing incidence of CMM, then UV filters can be applied to reduce the rate of increase worldwide.

Forming, transfer and globalization of medical-pharmaceutical knowledge in South East Asian missions (17th to 18th c.) - historical dimensions and modern perspectives.

Science.gov (United States)

Anagnostou, Sabine

2015-06-05

From the 17th to the 18th centuries, missionaries in Southeast Asia dedicated themselves to providing and establishing a professional medical-pharmaceutical supply for the local population and therefore explored the genuine Materia medica for easily available and affordable remedies, especially medicinal plants. In characteristic medical-pharmaceutical compendia, which can be classified as missionary pharmacopoeias, they laid down their knowledge to advise others and to guarantee a professional health care. As their knowledge often resulted from an exchange with indigenous communities, these compendia provide essential information about traditional plant uses of Southeast Asian people. Individual missionaries such as the Jesuit Georg Joseph Kamel (1661-1706) not only strove to explore medicinal plants but performed botanical studies and even composed comprehensive herbals. The Jesuit missionaries in particular played roles in both the order's own global network of transfer of medicinal drugs and knowledge about the application, and within the contemporary local and European scientific networks which included, for example, the famous Royal Society of London. The results of their studies were distributed all over the world, were introduced into the practical Materia medica of other regions, and contributed significantly to the academization of knowledge. In our article we will explain the different intentions and methods of exploring, the resulting works and the consequences for the forming of the pharmaceutical and scientific knowledge. Finally, we will show the options which the works of the missionaries can offer for the saving of traditional ethnopharmacological knowledge and for the development of modern phytotherapeutics and pharmaceutical supply. The publication is based on a comprehensive study on the phenomenon of missionary pharmacy which has been published as a book in 2011 (Anagnostou, 2011a) and shows now the potential of historical medical

A comparative evaluation of ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate and Portland cement as a pulpotomy medicament.

Science.gov (United States)

Bhagat, Dipti; Sunder, Ravi Kadur; Devendrappa, Shashikiran Nandihalli; Vanka, Amit; Choudaha, Nidhi

2016-01-01

Recently, some studies have compared mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) with portland cement (PC), concluding that the principle ingredients of PC are similar to those of MTA. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of PC as a pulpotomy medicament. Thirty premolars that scheduled for extraction for therapeutic reasons were randomly assigned to two experimental groups: ProRoot MTA (PMTA) and PC. After isolation and pulp exposure, pulpotomy was carried out and pulps were dressed with PMTA and PC. After 6 months, the teeth were extracted and prepared for histological analysis based on Cox et al. criteria. The data were analyzed by Z-test of proportion with 1% of allowed error. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups with respect to inflammatory response, soft tissue organization, and dentine bridge formation (P > 0.05). PC was associated with similar favorable biological response to pulpotomy treatment as PMTA. The findings of this study support the idea that PC can be considered a cheaper substitute to MTA.

A pré-medicação com midazolam antes de secção cesariana não tem efeitos adversos no neonato

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Ahmet Can Senel

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Como todos os pacientes cirúrgicos, pacientes obstétricas também sentem estresse e ansieda de operatórios. Isso pode ser prevenido se forem passadas à paciente informações detalhadas sobre sua operação e se forem administrados medicamentos farmacológicos pré-operatórios. Devido aos efeitos depressivos dos sedativos nos neonatos, os medicamentos farmacológicos são omitidos, especialmente em pacientes obstétricas. A literatura contém poucos estudos concernentes ao uso de midazolam no pré-operatório em pacientes de secção cesariana (C/S. Nosso objetivo nesse estudo foi ajudar nossas pacientes passando por cirurgia C/S. Um grupo agendado para C/S eletiva recebeu midazolam 0,025 mg kg−1 por via intraveno sa; o outro grupo recebeu salina. A ansiedade materna foi avaliada com o uso dos escores da Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS (Escala de Ansiedade e Informação Pré-operatória de Amsterdam, e os neonatos foram avaliados por Apgar e pelo instrumento Neonatal Neurologic and Adaptive Capacity Score (NACS (Escore Neurológico e de Capacidade Adaptativa do Neonato. Em conclusão, os pacientes pré-medicados com midazolam 0,025 mg kg−1 medicação tiveram escores de ansiedade significativamente baixos, sem qualquer efeito adverso nos neonatos. Portanto, midazolam pode, com segurança, ser utilizado como agente de pré-medicação na cirurgia C/S.

Experiences with the Capability Maturity Model in a research environment

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Velden, van der M.J.; Vreke, J.; Wal, van der B.; Symons, A.

1996-01-01

The project described here was aimed at evaluating the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) in the context of a research organization. Part of the evaluation was a standard CMM assessment. It was found that CMM could be applied to a research organization, although its five maturity levels were considered

Worldwide cutaneous malignant melanoma incidences analyzed by sex, age, and skin type over time (1955–2007): Is HPV infection of androgenic hair follicular melanocytes a risk factor for developing melanoma exclusively in people of European-ancestry?

Science.gov (United States)

Merrill, Stephen J.; Subramanian, Madhan; Godar, Dianne E.

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT The cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) incidence has been increasing in an exponential manner in certain populations around the world for over 7 decades. To help illuminate the etiology, we performed worldwide temporal (1955–2007) CMM incidence analysis by sex, age (0–14, 15–29, 30–49, 50–69, 70–85+), and skin type on 6 continents using data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We observe an exponential increase in the CMM incidence over time and an increase of about 2 orders of magnitude between age groups 0–14 and 15–29 exclusively in European-ancestry populations around the world independent of skin type (I–III or III–IV). Other populations like the Chinese (III-IV) had much lower CMM incidences that either remained stable or temporally decreased but did not display a dramatic increase between the youngest age groups. The dramatic increase in the incidence between the youngest age groups found only in European-ancestry populations suggests one of the most important risk factors for CMM may be developing androgenic hair, the occurrence of which appears to correlate with the distribution of CMM over male and female body sites. Besides that potential new risk factor, the increasing CMM incidence with increasing age, known not to be from cumulative UV doses, may be associated with age-related changes to skin, i.e., thinning epidermis causing lower vitamin D3 levels, and hair, i.e., whitening from higher reactive oxygen species. The temporal exponential increasing CMM incidence in European-ancestry populations may be due to Human Papilloma Virus infection of follicular hair melanocytes, found in CMM biopsies. PMID:27588159

Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles by Citrus medica Linn. (Idilimbu) juice and its antimicrobial activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Shende, Sudhir; Ingle, Avinash P; Gade, Aniket; Rai, Mahendra

2015-06-01

We report an eco-friendly method for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using Citron juice (Citrus medica Linn.), which is nontoxic and cheap. The biogenic copper nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer showing a typical resonance (SPR) at about 631 nm which is specific for CuNPs. Nanoparticles tracking analysis by NanoSight-LM20 showed the particles in the range of 10-60 nm with the concentration of 2.18 × 10(8) particles per ml. X-ray diffraction revealed the FCC nature of nanoparticles with an average size of 20 nm. The antimicrobial activity of CuNPs was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against some selected species of bacteria and plant pathogenic fungi. It was reported that the synthesized CuNPs demonstrated a significant inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Propionibacterium acnes and Salmonella typhi. Among the plant pathogenic fungi tested, Fusarium culmorum was found to be most sensitive followed by F. oxysporum and F. graminearum. The novelty of this work is that for the first time citron juice was used for the synthesis of CuNPs.

Una fuente potencial de conflictos jurídicos: la mala praxis en materia de incorporación de la normativa en el Mercosur

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Alejandro Pastori

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Los comentarios que se desarrollan en este arÚculo, tienen por finalidad el planteo y análisis de la falta de certeza que existe en materia de vigencia de la normativa del Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR, como consecuencia, esencialmente, de la mala praxis de los Estados en cumplir con las disposiciones en materia de incorporación de la normativa MERCOSUR. Esta circunstancia, que por cierto no beneficia al proceso de integración en su conjunto, se traduce en la posibilidad cierta de conflictos entre Estados o particulares, por lo que creemos de interés el estudio del tema.Aclaramos que no constituye objeto de este trabajo ahondar en el hecho comprobado de la omisión de los Estados Parte de proceder a la incorporación de las normas y en la necesidad de que activen sus procedimientos internos,a estos efectos, sino el analizar las consecuencias jurídicas de las eventuales desviaciones, por parte de éstos, en la aplicación de las disposiciones vinculadas al procedimiento de incorporación de las normas MERCOSUR. A este último aspecto únicamente es al que nos referimos entonces con la expresión "mala praxis". 

[Inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicinal authentication].

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Zhong-zhen; Chen, Hu-biao; Xiao, Pei-gen; Guo, Ping; Liang, Zhi-tao; Hung, Fanny; Wong, Lai-lai; Brand, Eric; Liu, Jing

2015-09-01

Chinese medicinal authentication is fundamental for the standardization and globalization of Chinese medicine. The discipline of authentication addresses difficult issues that have remained unresolved for thousands of years, and is essential for preserving safety. Chinese medicinal authentication has both scientific and traditional cultural connotations; the use of scientific methods to elucidate traditional experience-based differentiation carries the legacy of Chinese medicine forward, and offers immediate practical significance and long-term scientific value. In this paper, a path of inheritance and innovation is explored through the scientific exposition of Chinese medicinal authentication, featuring a review of specialized publications, the establishment of a Chinese medicine specimen center and Chinese medicinal image databases, the expansion of authentication technologies, and the formation of a cultural project dedicated to the Compedium of Materia Medica.

Historical versus contemporary medicinal plant uses in Ghana

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Soelberg, Jens; Asase, A; Akwetey, G

2015-01-01

among contemporary medicinal plant uses in Ghana and represent some of the most important Ghanaian medicinal plant species. However, 93 (69%) of the historical uses could not be traced and appears to be discontinued or forgotten. Among the Ga, two medicinal plants species have become rare or locally......ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Three extraordinary, historical documents stemming from observations made in 1697, 1803 and 1817 quote medicinal plant uses among the Fante, Ga and Ashanti people of present-day Ghana, and can be linked to original botanical specimens in European herbaria....... This provides a unique opportunity to gain insight to the historical materia medica of Ghana and compare this to contemporary medicinal plant uses. By critical literary and taxonomic review, the present study (re-)establishes the earliest known history of many important Ghanaian medicinal plants, and assesses...

Population exposure to ultraviolet radiation in Finland 1920-1995: Exposure trends and a time-series analysis of exposure and cutaneous melanoma incidence

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kojo, Katja; Jansen, Christer T.; Nybom, Pia; Huurto, Laura; Laihia, Jarmo; Ilus, Taina; Auvinen, Anssi

2006-01-01

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the principal cause of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). However, the relation between CMM and UVR exposure is not clear. We present the trends of population exposure to UVR and conduct a time-series analysis of the relation between UVR exposure and incidence of CMM. Data on CMM incidence were obtained from the Finnish Cancer Registry. Clothing coverage of the body was scored from archival photographs and the proportion of uncovered skin was used as a measure of solar exposure. Information on the number of sunny resort holidays, duration of annual holidays, and sunscreen sales were obtained from various sources. Exposed skin area doubled from 1920 to 1985. The average duration of annual holidays increased 30-fold. The number of sunny resort holidays and the sales of sunscreens increased rapidly from 1980. CMM was most strongly associated with solar exposure of 5-19 years earlier. There is a considerable decrease in clothing coverage during the 20th century. UVR exposure preceding CMM occurrence 4 years or less does not appear relevant, whereas the period 5-19 years prior to CMM occurrence might be the most relevant period. However, findings of ecological studies may not be applicable at the individual level

Cardiometabolic risk in young adults from northern Mexico: Revisiting body mass index and waist-circumference as predictors

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Abraham Wall-Medrano

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background A body mass index (BMI ≥30 kg/m2 and a waist circumference (WC ≥80 cm in women (WCF or ≥90 cm in men (WCM are reference cardiometabolic risk markers (CMM for Mexicans adults. However, their reliability to predict other CMM (index tests in young Mexicans has not been studied in depth. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study evaluating several anthropometric, physiological and biochemical CMM from 295 young Mexicans was performed. Sensitivity (Se, specificity (Sp and Youden’s index (J of reference BMI/WC cutoffs toward other CMM (n = 14 were obtained and their most reliable cutoffs were further calculated at Jmax. Results Prevalence, incidence and magnitude of most CMM increased along the BMI range (p < 0.01. BMI explained 81 % of WC’s variance [Se (97 %, Sp (71 %, J (68 %, Jmax (86 %, BMI = 30 kg/m2] and 4–50 % of other CMM. The five most prevalent (≥71 % CMM in obese subjects were high WC, low HDL-C, and three insulin-related CMM [Fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and QUICKI]. For a BMI = 30 kg/m2, J ranged from 16 % (HDL-C/LDL-C to 68 % (WC, being moderately reliable (Jmax = 61–67 to predict high uric acid (UA, metabolic syndrome (MetS and the hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype (HTGW. Corrected WCM/WCF were moderate-highly reliable (Jmax = 66–90 to predict HTGW, MetS, fasting glucose and UA. Most CMM were moderate-highly predicted at 27 ± 3 kg/m2 (CI 95 %, 25–28, 85 ± 5 cm (CI 95 %, 82–88 and 81 ± 6cm (CI 95 %, 75–87, for BMI, WCM and WCF, respectively. Conclusion BMI and WC are good predictors of several CMM in the studied population, although at different cutoffs than current reference values.

Dieta del cangrejo dulceacuícola Bottiella niceforei (Schmitt & Pretzmann, 1968 (Decapoda: Trichodactylidae y su relación con el procesamiento de la materia orgánica en una corriente intermitente del noroeste de Venezuela

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Raúl Pirela

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Para aproximarse al rol que tiene el cangrejo de río Bottiella niceforei en el procesamiento de materia orgánica, en una corriente intermitente al noroeste de Venezuela, se estudió su dieta natural, mediante el análisis del contenido del tracto digestivo entre junio 2009 y febrero 2010. Se determinó la abundancia de los cangrejos sobre la base de la proporción de individuos capturados por trampas, a lo largo del muestreo, y en cada pozo. Las mayores densidades ocurrieron en septiembre (2,7 ind trampa-1, seguido de junio (2,3 ind trampa-1 y julio (2,1 ind trampa-1, mientras que las menores se obtuvieron de noviembre a febrero, posiblemente debido al efecto erosivo de la corriente durante la época de lluvia. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la abundancia y dieta entre pozos. De junio a noviembre, se encontró que el ítem más abundante en la dieta fue el detrito vegetal, con una frecuencia de ocurrencia promedio de 68%; en segundo lugar, materia animal (restos de peces con 50% y detrito vegetal amorfo con 14%. Estos resultados demuestran la importancia de la participación del cangrejo B. niceforei en el procesamiento de la materia orgánica en forma de hojarasca en los pozos de caño Carichuano.

Evaluation of a SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme involved in resistance to Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in Solanum peruvianum, through a tomato mottle virus VIGS assay

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Mayra Janeth Esparza-Araiza

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm causes bacterial wilt and canker of tomato. Currently, no Solanum lycopersicum resistant varieties are commercially available, but some degree of Cmm resistance has been identified in Solanum peruvianum. Previous research showed up-regulation of a SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme (SCEI transcript in resistant S. peruvianum compared to susceptible S. lycopersicum following infection by Cmm. In order to test the role of SCEI in resistance to Cmm, a fragment of the gene from S. peruvianum was cloned into a novel virus-induced gene-silencing (VIGS vector based on the geminivirus Tomato Mottle Virus (ToMoV. Using biolistic inoculation, the ToMoV-based VIGS vector was shown to be effective in S. peruvianum by silencing the magnesium chelatase gene, which resulted in leaf bleaching. The ToMoV_SCEI construct resulted in approx. 61% silencing of SCEI in leaves of S. peruvianum as determined by quantitative RT-PCR. VIGS of SCEI in S. peruvianum resulted in unilateral wilting (15 dpi and subsequent death (20 dpi of the entire plant after Cmm inoculation, whereas empty vector-treated plants only showed wilting in the Cmm-inoculated leaf. SCEI-silenced plants also showed higher Cmm colonization with an average of 4.5 times more damaged tissue compared to the empty vector control plants. SCEI appears to play an important role in the innate immunity of S. peruvianum against Cmm, perhaps through the regulation of WRKY transcription factors, which may lead to expression of proteins involved in salicylic acid-dependent defense responses.

Historia and materia: the philosophical implications of Francis Bacon's natural history.

Science.gov (United States)

Giglioni, Guido

2012-01-01

This article examines the philosophical implications underlying Bacon's views on historical knowledge, paying special attention to that variety of historical knowledge described by Bacon as "natural." More specifically, this article explores the interplay of history (historia) and fable (fabula). In the sphere of thought, fabula is the equivalent to materia in nature. Both are described by Bacon as being "versatile" and "pliant." In Bacon's system of knowledge, philosophy, as the domain of reason, starts from historiae and fabulae, once memory and the imagination have fulfilled their cognitive tasks. This means that, for Bacon, there is no such thing as a pure use of reason. He advocates a kind of reason that, precisely because it is involved with matter's inner motions (its "appetites," in Bacon's characteristic language), is constitutively 'impure'. The article shows how the terms historia and fabula cover key semantic areas in defining Bacon's philosophy: historia may mean "history" as well as "story,"fabula "myth" as well "story". In both cases, we can see significant oscillations from a stronger meaning (close to those of matter and nature) to a weaker one (connected to wit and imagination), as if the power of nature decreases moving from histories and myths to stories. On the other hand, there are cases in which Bacon seems to stick to a diachronic view of the meaning of fables and histories, such that the transition from myths to history, especially natural history, is described as a collective effort towards reality and enlightenment.

Pre-movement planning processes in people with congenital mirror movements.

Science.gov (United States)

Franz, E A; Fu, Y

2017-10-01

Pre-movement processes were investigated in people with Congenital mirrormovement (CMM), a rare disorder in which bilateral movement (mirroring) occurs in the upper distal extremities (primarily the hands and fingers) during intended unilateral movements. Abnormal density of ipsilateral corticospinal projections is an established hallmark of CMM. This study tested whether the Lateralised Readiness Potential (LRP), which reflects movement planning and readiness, is also abnormal in people with CMM. Twenty-eight neurologically-normal controls and 8 people with CMM were tested on a unimanual Go/No-go task while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded to assess the LRP. No significant group differences were found in reaction time (RT). However, significantly smaller LRP amplitudes were found, on average, in the CMM group compared to Controls at central-motor (C3,C4) sites in stimulus-locked and response-locked epochs; similar group differences were also found at further frontal sites (F3,F4) during response-locked epochs. Abnormal brain activity in pre-movement processes associated with response planning and preparation is present in people with CMM. Aberrant bilateral activity during pre-movement processes is clearly implicated; whether part of the etiology of CMM, or as a mechanism of neuro-compensation, is not yet known. Copyright © 2017 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The "schola medica salernitana": the forerunner of the modern university medical schools.

Science.gov (United States)

de Divitiis, Enrico; Cappabianca, Paolo; de Divitiis, Oreste

2004-10-01

The schola medica salernitana is considered the oldest medical school of modern civilization. Salerno's long medical tradition began during the Greco-Roman period in a Greek colony named Elea, where Parmenides decided to found a medical school. The fame of the school became more and more important during the 10th century, and it was best known in the 11th century. In the middle of 12th century, the school was at its apogee, and Salerno provided a notable contribution to the formulation of a medical curriculum for medieval universities. The most famous work of the Salernitan School was the Regimen Sanitatis Saleritanum, a Latin poem of rational, dietetic, and hygienic precepts, many of them still valid today. The school also produced a physician's reference book, with advice on how to treat a patient, a sort of code of conduct to help the physician to respect the patient and his or her relatives. The first science-based surgery appeared on the scene of the discredited medieval practice in Salerno, thanks to Roger of Salerno and his fellows. He wrote a book on surgery, called Rogerina or Post Mundi Fabricam, in which surgery from head to toe is described, with surprising originality. The important contribution to the School of Salerno made by women as female practitioners is outlined, and among them, Trotula de Ruggiero was the most renowned. The period when the School of Salerno, universally recognized as the forerunner of the modern universities, became a government academy was when Frederick II reigned over the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

Análisis comparado en materia de obligaciones entre el derecho romano y el derecho moderno

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Luz María Martínez R. de C.

2008-05-01

Full Text Available Se realiza un estudio dogmático de los conceptos antiguo y moderno de la "obligación", con especial referencia al Derecho romano, así como a las fuentes y clasificación de las mismas. Del mismo modo, se analiza la influencia del derecho romano en el Código civil venezolano, en materia de obligaciones. En este sentido, la definición romana ha predominado en el Derecho Moderno, incluso en la actualidad se puede afirmar que ha permanecido incólume dentro sus concepciones fundamentales. El método utilizado es el descriptivo y documental. Se concluye que las definiciones de las obligaciones en el Derecho Moderno se limitan a reproducir los principios inspiradores romanos y que nuestro Código civil recibió una fuerte influencia del Proyecto Franco-Italiano de las Obligaciones, en el cual se desarrolló el concepto y los efectos de determinadas figuras productoras de obligaciones.

Do perinatal and early life exposures influence the risk of malignant melanoma? A Northern Ireland birth cohort analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

O'Rorke, M A; Black, C; Murray, L J; Cardwell, C R; Gavin, A T; Cantwell, M M

2013-03-01

Intrauterine, early life and maternal exposures may have important consequences for cancer development in later life. The aim of this study was to examine perinatal and birth characteristics with respect to Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) risk. The Northern Ireland Child Health System database was used to examine gestational age adjusted birth weight, infant feeding practices, parental age and socioeconomic factors at birth in relation to CMM risk amongst 447,663 infants delivered between January 1971 and December 1986. Follow-up of histologically verified CMM cases was undertaken from the beginning of 1993 to 31st December 2007. Multivariable adjusted unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of CMM risk. A total of 276 CMM cases and 440,336 controls contributed to the final analysis. In reference to normal (gestational age-adjusted) weight babies, those heaviest at birth were twice as likely to develop CMM OR 2.4 (95% CI 1.1-5.1). Inverse associations with CMM risk were observed with younger (birth and both a higher birth order and greater household density OR 0.61 (95% CI 0.37-0.99) and OR 0.56 (95% CI 0.30-1.0) respectively. This large study of early onset melanoma supports a positive association with higher birth weight (imperatively gestational age adjusted) and CMM risk which may be related to factors which drive intrauterine foetal growth. Strong inverse associations observed with higher birth order and household density suggest that early-life immune modulation may confer protection; findings which warrant further investigation in prospective analyses. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Application of Translational Medicine Theory in Chinese Materia Medica: Effect and Mechanism of Mahuang and Wuweizi on Pulmonary Fibrosis

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Hai-zhi QIN

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of rituximab combined with chemotherapy and single chemotherapy for diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL. Methods: A total of 97 patients with DLBCL were selected. Patients treated by single chemotherapy were designed as control group, while those by rituximab combined with chemotherapy as observational group. All patients were treated for at least 4 cycles. The short-term and long-term efficacy and related adverse reactions of 2 groups were observed. Results: The rate of complete remission (CR in observational group was significantly higher than in control group (χ2=4.6589, P=0.0309. However, there was no significant difference in objective remission rate (ORR between 2 groups (P=0.3651. The rates of 3-year overall survival (OS, progression-free survival (PFS and disease-free survival (DFS were 80.30% (53/66, 69.70% (46/66 and 59.09% (39/66 in observational group, and 61.29% (19/31, 58.06% (18/31 and 58.06% (18/31 in control group, respectively. The OS in observational group was significantly longer than in control group (P=0.035. However, there was no significant difference in PFS, DFS and rate adverse reactions between 2 groups (P=0.089; P=0.438; χ2=0.1562, P=0.6927. Conclusion: Rituximab combined with chemotherapy can improve the efficacy of DLBCL without increasing the adverse reactions, which can be used as the first-line treatment for DLBCL, thus deserving to be widely applied in clinic.

Congenital Mirror Movements Due to RAD51: Cosegregation with a Nonsense Mutation in a Norwegian Pedigree and Review of the Literature

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Oriane Trouillard

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Background: Autosomal dominant congenital mirror movements (CMM is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by early onset involuntary movements of one side of the body that mirror intentional movements on the contralateral side; these persist throughout life in the absence of other neurological symptoms. The main culprit genes responsible for this condition are RAD51 and DCC. This condition has only been reported in a few families, and the molecular mechanisms linking RAD51 mutations and mirror movements (MM are poorly understood. Methods: We collected demographic, clinical, and genetic data of a new family with CMM due to a truncating mutation of RAD51. We reviewed the literature to identify all reported patients with CMM due to RAD51 mutations. Results: We identified a heterozygous nonsense mutation c.760C>T (p.Arg254∗ in eight subjects: four with obvious and disabling MM, and four with a mild phenotype. Including our new family, we identified 32 patients from 6 families with CMM linked to RAD51 variants. Discussion: Our findings further support the involvement of RAD51 in CMM pathogenesis. Possible molecular mechanisms involved in CMM pathogenesis are discussed.

Repose time and cumulative moment magnitude: A new tool for forecasting eruptions?

Science.gov (United States)

Thelen, W. A.; Malone, S. D.; West, M. E.

2010-09-01

During earthquake swarms on active volcanoes, one of the primary challenges facing scientists is determining the likelihood of an eruption. Here we present the relation between repose time and the cumulative moment magnitude (CMM) as a tool to aid in differentiating between an eruption and a period of unrest. In several case studies, the CMM is lower at shorter repose times than it is at longer repose times. The relationship between repose time and CMM may be linear in log-log space, particularly at Mount St. Helens. We suggest that the volume and competence of the plug within the conduit drives the strength of the precursory CMM.

Alternativas de medicação intracanal em casos de necrose pulpar com lesão periapical = Intracanal medication indicated for pulpal necrosis with apical osteites

OpenAIRE

Fachin, Elaine Vianna Freitas

2006-01-01

Trata-se de estudo in vivo em pacientes portadores de dentes monorradiculares apresentando necrose pulpar com lesão periapical. O objetivo foi avaliar radiograficamente a efetividade de 4 diferentes curativos de demora (PMCC, gel de clorexidina 2%, pasta de hidróxido de cálcio e hipoclorito de sódio1%). O tratamento endodôntico foi padronizado em todos os elementos através da técnica escalonada e irrigação com hipoclorito de sódio 1%. Para a medicação intracanal, os pacientes foram separados ...

[Applications and approved projects on traditional Chinese medicine in National Natural Science Foundation of China in 2010].

Science.gov (United States)

Shang, Hong-cai; Huang, Jin-ling; Han, Li-wei; Pei, Ling-peng; Guo, Lin; Lin, Na; Wang, Chang-en

2011-10-01

In this article, the authors firstly summarized the number of applications submitted to and projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in the field of traditional Chinese medicine research in 2010. Then they described the district distribution, research direction layout and allotment of the approved projects in the three primary disciplines (traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese materia medica and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine) and their 43 subdisciplines. The targeting suggestions for improvement were given respectively by concluding the reason of disapproved projects from the point of view of applicants and supporting institution, and by stating the common problems existing in the review process from the perspectives of fund managers and evaluation experts. Lastly, the major funding fields in the near future were predicted in the hope of providing guidance for applicants.

[Study on botanical pesticides and its application in production of traditional Chinese medicine].

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Peng; Li, Xi-Wen; Dong, Lin-Lin; Chen, Shi-Lin

2016-10-01

The issues including excessive pesticide residues and heavy metal contamination have become the bottle-neck in the development of Chinese herbal medicines. Compared with traditional chemical pesticides, biological pesticides, especially botanical pesticides, are more safe and environment-friendly, which were beneficial to the quality improvement Chinese medicinal materials. Though there exists a weak basic research and it is hard for promotion and regulation, the policy of good and the desire for botanical pesticides will accelerate its development, and replace traditional chemical pesticides gradually. This paper reviews the current situation of botanical pesticides, and gives some pertinence suggestions according to the existing problems and challenges. Research on botanical pesticides will become the key point to solve the problem of excessive pesticides residues and heavy metal contamination, and promote the healthy development of Chinese materia medica. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

PROCESO ENZIMATICO PARA LA PRODUCCION DE METIL ESTERES DE ACIDOS GRASOS UTILIZANDO ACEITES RESIDUALES DE FRITURA EN MEZCLA CON ACEITE DE RAPS COMO MATERIA PRIMA

OpenAIRE

AZOCAR ULLOA; LAURA HAYDEE; AZOCAR ULLOA; LAURA HAYDEE

2010-01-01

Los procesos catalizados por lipasas han sido ampliamente investigados como alternativa para la producción de metil ésteres de ácidos grasos (fatty acid methyl ester, FAME) o biodiesel. El interés en este proceso radica en que a diferencia de los procesos convencionales catalizados con sales alcalinas, los procesos catalizados con lipasas permiten el uso de materias primas alternativas y de menor costo, tales como el aceite residual de fritura (waste frying oil, WFO). Pese a los l...

Estrategia de Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP) para explorar las concepciones alternativas relacionadas al tema estados de agregacion de la materia en estudiantes de nivel elemental =

Science.gov (United States)

Rosado Olivieri, Wilda Y.

Gran parte de la investigacion acerca de la ensenanza de las ciencias se dedica a estudiar la forma o manera en que los estudiantes visualizan los conceptos cientificos. Para Driver (1983) esas ideas o concepciones se conocen como concepciones alternativas; las cuales pueden ocasionar dificultad para comprender los conceptos de las diferentes areas del conocimiento. El proposito de este estudio fue: (a) indagar como las distintas etapas del ABP permiten explorar las concepciones alternativas que poseen los estudiantes de nivel elemental acerca de los estados de agregacion de la materia y, (b) explorar en que medida el ABP permite identificar e incorporar las concepciones alternativas que poseen los estudiantes de nivel elemental con relacion al concepto de estados de agregacion de la materia para facilitar su aprendizaje. Con el fin de explorar las concepciones alternativas en el tema de los estados agregados de la materia se implanto la estrategia de Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP) con estudiantes de quinto grado de nivel elemental. Se utilizo la metodologia mixta con varias estrategias de recopilacion de datos, como una pre y pos prueba para elucidar el conocimiento previo y al mismo tiempo las concepciones alternativas sobre el tema bajo estudio y luego verificar el aprendizaje en los estudiantes. Asimismo, el uso de mapas conceptuales para determinar la profundidad del tema estudiado y el entrelazamiento de los conceptos Una tercera estrategia fue el grupo focal para tomar en cuenta la impresion de los estudiantes acerca del proyecto ABP. El aspecto colaborativo y cooperativo fue un factor fundamental, ya que el aprendizaje ocurrio en ese contexto educativo. Para los hallazgos de esta investigacion fue tan importante el conocimiento previo como los procesos que se generaban para que la adquisicion del mismo fuera de forma significativa y funcional (Escribano & Del Valle, 2010). La estrategia de ABP constituyo en este estudio una forma para indagar las

Recomendaciones para la mejora del subsistema científico-técnico español en materia de salud y seguridad en el trabajo

OpenAIRE

Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Observatorio de Salud Laboral

2005-01-01

Convocado por el Observatorio de Salud Laboral, se celebró un Taller deexpertos con un doble objetivo: 1) Presentar y debatir el informe “Subsistemascientífico-técnicos de apoyo a las políticas de salud y seguridad en el trabajo.Estudio comparativo de diferentes países”, elaborado por el OSL y que se publicacomo anexo a este documento. 2) Realizar recomendaciones para la mejora delsubsistema científico-técnico español en materia de salud y seguridad en eltrabajo.Asisten al citado Taller de Ex...

An assessment system for the system safety engineering capability maturity model in the case of spent fuel reprocessing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Xiaohua; Liu Zhenghai; Liu Zhiming; Wan Yaping; Bai Xiaofeng

2012-01-01

We can improve the processing, the evaluation of capability and promote the user's trust by using system security engineering capability maturity model (SSE-CMM). SSE-CMM is the common method for organizing and implementing safety engineering, and it is a mature method for system safety engineering. Combining capability maturity model (CMM) with total quality management and statistic theory, SSE-CMM turns systems security engineering into a well-defined, mature, measurable, advanced engineering discipline. Lack of domain knowledge, the size of data, the diversity of evidences, the cumbersomeness of processes, and the complexity of matching evidences with problems are the main issues that SSE-CMM assessment has to face. To improve effectively the efficiency of assessment of spent fuel reprocessing system security engineering capability maturity model (SFR-SSE-CMM), in this paper we de- signed an intelligent assessment software based on domain ontology and that uses methods such as ontology, evidence theory, semantic web, intelligent information retrieval and intelligent auto-matching techniques. This software includes four subsystems, which are domain ontology creation and management system, evidence auto collection system, and a problem and evidence matching system. The architecture of the software is divided into five layers: a data layer, an oncology layer, a knowledge layer, a service layer arid a presentation layer. (authors)

Histological Evaluation of Allium sativum Oil as a New Medicament for Pulp Treatment of Permanent Teeth.

Science.gov (United States)

Mohammad, Shukry Gamal; Raheel, Syed Ahmed; Baroudi, Kusai

2015-02-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the histo pathology effects of two medicaments Allium sativum oil and formocresol on the remaining pulp tissue of the permanent teething children. A total of 18 premolars were included in this study. Two sound premolars were extracted and subjected to histological examination to show the normal pulp tissue. Pulpo tomy procedure was performed in the rest of the remaining 16 premolars; half of them using Allium sativum oil and the rest of the tested premolars were medicated using formocresol and all were sealed with suitable restoration. Then, premolars extracted at variable intervals (48 hours, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months), stained using hemotoxylin and eosin etain (H&E) and prepared for histopathology examination. Histological evaluation seemed far more promising for Allium sativum oil than formocresol. Histological evaluation revealed that teeth treated with Allium sativa oil showed infammatory changes that had been resolved in the end of the study. On the contrary, the severe chronic infammation of pulp tissue accompanied with formocresol eventually produced pulp necrosis with or without fibrosis. In addition, pulp calcification was evidenced in certain cases. Allium sativum oil is a biocompatible material that is compatible with vital human pulp tissue. It offers a good healing potential, leaving the remaining pulp tissue healthy and functioning.

Strategic Technology Selection and Classification in Multimodel Environments

Science.gov (United States)

2008-05-01

processes. Specifically, the organization chose a blend of CMMI (portions of which were being implemented in engineering), ISO 12207 and the SA CMM...whole- product support Improve product field performance Strategy to accomplish goal Reference models CMMI, SA CMM, IEEE/ ISO 12207 Leverage CMMI...ro u p Lean Six Sigma SOX ISO /IEC 15288 ISO 9000 CMMI ISO 12207 P-CMM AS9100 IEEE 830 PSMIDEAL PPSLockheed Martin Integrated Enterprise Process Agile

Discovery of novel small molecule modulators of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xiulan eXu

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm is a Gram-positive seed-transmitted bacterial phytopathogen responsible for substantial economic losses by adversely affecting tomato production worldwide. A high-throughput, cell-based screen was adapted to identify novel small molecule growth inhibitors to serve as leads for future bactericide development. A library of 4,182 compounds known to be bioactive against Saccharomyces cerevisiae was selected for primary screening against Cmm wild-type strain C290 for whole-cell growth inhibition. Four hundred sixty-eight molecules (11.2% hit rate were identified as bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic against Cmm at 200 M. Seventy-seven candidates were selected based on Golden Triangle analyses for secondary screening. Secondary screens showed that several of these candidates were strain-selective. Several compounds were inhibitory to multiple Cmm strains as well as Bacillus subtilis, but not Pseudomonas fluorescens, Mitsuaria sp., Lysobacter enzymogenes, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacter animalis, or Escherichia coli. Most of the compounds were not phytotoxic and did not show overt host toxicity. Using a novel 96-well bioluminescent Cmm seedling infection assay, we assessed effects of selected compounds on pathogen infection. The 12 most potent novel molecules were identified by compiling the scores from all secondary screens combined with the reduction of pathogen infection in planta. When tested for ability to develop resistance to the top-12 compounds, no resistant Cmm were recovered, suggesting that the discovered compounds are unlikely to induce resistance. In conclusion, here we report top-12 compounds that provide chemical scaffolds for future Cmm-specific bactericide development.

¿De vecinos distantes a socios estratégicos? Análisis de la política exterior brasileña hacia Colombia en materia de seguridad, desde 1995 hasta 2011

OpenAIRE

Escolar Pereira, Joanna

2013-01-01

Análisis de la política exterior brasileña de Fernando Henrique Cardoso y Luis Inácio Lula da Silva con respecto a la región y cómo esto favoreció la relación con Colombia, permitiendo la Cooperación Sur Sur Horizontal en materia de desarrollo de tecnología militar

Natural polymers supported copper nanoparticles for pollutants degradation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haider, Sajjad [Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421 (Saudi Arabia); Kamal, Tahseen, E-mail: tkkhan@kau.edu.sa [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589 (Saudi Arabia); Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589 (Saudi Arabia); Khan, Sher Bahadar [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589 (Saudi Arabia); Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589 (Saudi Arabia); Omer, Muhammad [Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Odigram, Swat, 19130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan); Haider, Adnan [Department of Nano, Medical and Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712-749 (Korea, Republic of); Khan, Farman Ullah; Asiri, Abdullah M. [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589 (Saudi Arabia); Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589 (Saudi Arabia)

2016-11-30

Highlights: • Chitosan (CS) coating layer was applied on the surface of cellulose microfibers mat (CMM). • The CS coating layer was used to uptake the Copper (Cu) ions which were converted to nanoparticles. • The Cu/CS-CMM was demonstrated as catalyst in nitrophenols and cresyl blue reductions. • The rate constants for 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol and cresyl blue were 1.2 × 10{sup −3} s{sup −1}, 2.1 × 10{sup −3} s {sup −1} and, 1.3 × 10{sup −3} s{sup −1}, respectively. • The used catalyst was easily recovered by just pulling the strip from solutions. - Abstract: In this report, chitosan (CS) was adhered on cellulose microfiber mat (CMM) to prepare CS-CMM. This was used as host for copper (Cu) nanoparticles preparation. After adsorption of Cu{sup 2+} ions from an aqueous solution of CuSO{sub 4}, the metal ions entrapped in CS coating layer was treated with sodium borohydride (NaBH{sub 4}) to prepare Cu nanoparticles loaded CS-CMM (Cu/CS-CMM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of Cu/CS-CMM hybrid. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was performed to reveal the morphology of the prepared catalyst. The prepared Cu/CS-CMM was employed as a catalyst for the degradation of nitro-aromatic compounds of 2-nitrophenol (2NP) and 4-nitrophenol (4NP) as well as an organic cresyl blue (CB) dye. Remarkably, the turnover frequency in the case of 2NP and 4NP using Cu/CS-CMM reaches 103.3 and 88.6 h{sup −1}, outperforming previously reported Cu nanoparticles immobilized in hydrogel-based catalytic systems. The rate constants for 2NP, 4NP and CB were 1.2 × 10{sup −3} s{sup −1}, 2.1 × 10{sup −3} s{sup −1} and, 1.3 × 10{sup −3} s{sup −1}, respectively. Besides, we discussed the separation of the catalyst from the reaction mixture and its re-usability.

OXIDACIÓN DE MATERIA ORGÁNICA PERSISTENTE EN AGUAS RESIDUALES INDUSTRIALES MEDIANTE TRATAMIENTOS ELECTROQUÍMICOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivonne Linares-Hernández

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de esta investigación fue implementar un sistema electroquímico, mediante tratamientos de electrocoagulación, empleando electrodos de hierro y oxidación anódica directa (OAD, empleando electrodos de diamante dopados con boro (DDB, para tratar aguas residuales provenientes de una planta de tratamiento que recibe las descargas de 144 empresas de diferentes giros, de la zona industrial Toluca-Lerma, México. Los resultados de estos tratamientos, indicaron una remoción del 99% de la demanda química de oxígeno (DQO, 99% de color y 97% de turbidez, en un tiempo de 2 h. En el sistema acoplado, la electrocoagulación removió las partículas coloidales y suspendidas y la OAD, permitió la degradación de materia orgánica persistente. Se determinó la cantidad de lodos generados en el sistema y se caracterizaron por microscopia electrónica de barrido y análisis elemental. Se concluye que los métodos electroquímicos resultan ser aplicables y eficientes en la degradación compuestos que no son fácilmente biodegradables.

Development of solid lipid nanoparticles containing total flavonoid extract from Dracocephalum moldavica L. and their therapeutic effect against myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tan ME

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Mei-e Tan,1–3,* Cheng-hui He,3,* Wen Jiang,4 Cheng Zeng,2–4 Ning Yu,3 Wei Huang,2 Zhong-gao Gao,2 Jian-guo Xing3 1Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 2State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 3Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Uighur Medicines, Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, 4Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Total flavonoid extract from Dracocephalum moldavica L. (TFDM contains effective components of D. moldavica L. that have myocardial protective function. However, the cardioprotection function of TFDM is undesirable due to its poor solubility. In order to improve the solubility and efficacy of TFDM, we developed TFDM-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TFDM-SLNs and optimized the formulation of TFDM-SLNs using central composite design and response surface methodology. The physicochemical properties of TFDM-SLNs were characterized, and the pharmacodynamics was investigated using the myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury model in rats. The nanoparticles of optimal formulation for TFDM-SLNs were spherical in shape with the average particle size of 104.83 nm and had a uniform size distribution with the polydispersity index value of 0.201. TFDM-SLNs also had a negative zeta potential of -28.7 mV to ensure the stability of the TFDM-SLNs emulsion system. The results of pharmacodynamics demonstrated that both TFDM and TFDM-SLN groups afforded myocardial protection, and the protective effect of TFDM-SLNs was significantly superior to that of TFDM alone, based on the infarct area, histopathological examination, cardiac enzyme levels and inflammatory factors in serum. Due to the optimal

Transformaciones de la política exterior egipcia en materia de seguridad, frente al Estado de Israel, desde la caída de Mubarak. 2002- 2012

OpenAIRE

Morales, Alejandra

2015-01-01

El presente estudio de caso identifica las transformaciones de la política exterior egipcia en materia de seguridad frente al Estado de Israel, desde la Caída de Mubarak. La hipótesis que sustenta este ejercicio académico repasa las principales transformaciones que ha sufrido la política exterior egipcia en términos de seguridad frente a Israel pasando por la seguridad fronteriza, las relaciones diplomáticas, y el cambio del discurso gubernamental hasta la incidencia y actual importancia de ...

PF-WFS Shell Inspection Update December 2016

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vigil, Anthony Eugene [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Ledoux, Reina Rebecca [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Gonzales, Antonio R. [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Montano, Joshua Daniel [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Savage, Lowell Curtis [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Randles, Wayne Alfred [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2017-01-26

Since the last project update in FY16:Q2, PF-WFS personnel have advanced in understanding of shell inspection on Coordinate Measuring Machines {CMM} and refined the PF-WFS process to the point it was decided to convert shell inspection from the Sheffield #1 gage to Lietz CM Ms. As a part of introspection on the quality of this process many sets of data have been reviewed and analyzed. This analysis included Sheffield to CMM comparisons, CMM inspection repeatability, fixturing differences, quality check development, probing approach changes. This update report will touch on these improvements that have built the confidence in this process to mainstream it inspecting shells. In addition to the CMM programming advancements, the continuation in refinement of input and outputs for the CMM program has created an archiving scheme, input spline files, an output metafile, and inspection report package. This project will continue to mature. Part designs may require program modifications to accommodate "new to this process" part designs. Technology limitations tied to security and performance are requiring possible changes to computer configurations to support an automated process.

Comunicar para educar. El reto de la comunicación institucional del IEEM en materia de educación cívica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dalia Edith Álvarez-Padilla

2016-08-01

Full Text Available En México, la reforma constitucional en materia político-electoral —publicada en el Diario Oficial de la Federación el 10 de febrero de 2014— trazó un nuevo esquema de distribución de competencias entre el Instituto Nacional Electoral (INE y los organismos públicos locales electorales (Oples. La educación cívica, a diferencia de otras atribuciones que atrajo el INE, es una facultad exclusiva de los Oples, a partir de la reforma de 2014, lo cual implica un gran reto institucional en materia de coordinación para el fomento de la educación cívica y de la participación ciudadana. En este artículo se realiza un análisis del marco jurídico actual aplicable al Instituto Electoral del Estado de México (IEEM para cumplir con las actividades relativas a la educación cívica a través de la comunicación institucional. / Mexico’s political-electoral constitutional reform (published in the February 10, 2014 issue of the Diario Oficial de la Federación, or Official Gazette laid out a new way of distributing competencies between the National Electoral Institute (INE and the local public electoral bodies (Oples. In contrast with other INE attributes, the 2014 makes civic education an exclusive faculty of the Oples, which implies an enormous institutional challenge in terms of coordination to foster civic education and public participation. This article analyzes the current legal framework in which the Electoral Institute of the State of Mexico (IEEM will have to carry out activities related to civic education through institutional communication.

Systems Security Engineering Capability Maturity Model (SSECMM), Model Description, Version 1.1

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

1997-01-01

This document is designed to acquaint the reader with the SSE-CMM Project as a whole and present the project's major work product - the Systems Security Engineering Capability Maturity Model (SSE- CMM...

Os Modelos Multiestágios de Maturidade: um Breve Relato de sua História, sua Difusão e sua Aplicação na Gestão de Pessoas por meio do People Capability Maturity Model (P P-CMM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Victor Natanael Schwetter Silveira

2009-04-01

Full Text Available The aim of this theoretical article is to discuss the development and application of maturity multilevels models on people management in organizations, specifically, the People Capability Maturity Model or P-CMM (Curtis, Hefley, & Miller, 1995, 2002, an innovating methodology to measure the maturity level on people management in organizations. Starting from a bibliographic research effort about this subject, the article, featured on a theoretical and explorative approach, recovers recent historical development of maturity models and shows its main contributions. Initially, the multilevel models theoretical bases are introduced. On sequence, the dissemination of these models on organizational field is overviewed. Finally, the People Capability Maturity Model is introduced and its methods and application are examined. In conclusion, it is evidenced that the PCMM can provide a diagnostic view and an organizational processes orientation, measuring the maturity level advance and providing, at each level, the best practices to develop, organize and to stimulate the continuous improvement on people management.

Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis: bacterial canker of tomato, molecular interactions and disease management.

Science.gov (United States)

Nandi, Munmun; Macdonald, Jacqueline; Liu, Peng; Weselowski, Brian; Yuan, Ze-Chun

2018-03-12

Bacterial canker disease is considered to be one of the most destructive diseases of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and is caused by the seed-borne Gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis (Cmm). This vascular pathogen generally invades and proliferates in the xylem through natural openings or wounds, causing wilt and canker symptoms. The incidence of symptomless latent infections and the invasion of tomato seeds by Cmm are widespread. Pathogenicity is mediated by virulence factors and transcriptional regulators encoded by the chromosome and two natural plasmids. The virulence factors include serine proteases, cell wall-degrading enzymes (cellulases, xylanases, pectinases) and others. Mutational analyses of these genes and gene expression profiling (via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, transcriptomics and proteomics) have begun to shed light on their roles in colonization and virulence, whereas the expression of tomato genes in response to Cmm infection suggests plant factors involved in the defence response. These findings may aid in the generation of target-specific bactericides or new resistant varieties of tomato. Meanwhile, various chemical and biological controls have been researched to control Cmm. This review presents a detailed investigation regarding the pathogen Cmm, bacterial canker infection, molecular interactions between Cmm and tomato, and current perspectives on improved disease management. © 2018 AGRICULTURE AND AGRI-FOOD CANADA. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY © 2018 JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD.

[Herbal textual research on origins of Chonglou].

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Lu; Kang, Li-Ping; Liu, Da-Hui; Peng, Hua-Sheng; Xie, Jin; Chen, Min

2017-09-01

Based on the field investigation, this paper researched the germplasms and geoherbs habitat of Chonglou in ancient herbal books systematically. The results showed that, Chonglou in ancient herbal books sometimes referred to certain specific germplasm, while sometimes it referred to many species derived from genus Paris except Sect. Paris. The medicinal material Chonglou in Chinese Materia Medica Bencaotujing and Bencaomengquan was verified as P. polyphylla var. chinensis, which could be P. polyphylla in Xinxiubencao, and it should include P. polyphylla or P. polyphylla var. stenophylla in Bencaogangmu. However, it proved to be a variety of species from Paris that can used as Chonglou in Diannanbencao and Zhiwumingshitukao. Moreover, the origins of Chonglou were correspondingly more diverse, with its producing areas changed from North to South. Therefore, with the resources increasing endangered, the botanical origin of Chonglou should be further studied. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

The Trouble with Opium. Taste, Reason and Experience in Late Galenic Pharmacology with Special Regard to the University of Leiden (1575-1625).

Science.gov (United States)

Klerk, Saskia

2014-01-01

In the seventeenth century, the discrepancy between the taste of some drugs and their effects on the body was used to criticize Galenic medicine. In this paper, I argue that such contradictions were brought to light by the sixteenth-century study of drug properties within the Galenic tradition itself. Investigating how the taste of a drug corresponded to the effects it had on the body became a core problem for maintaining a medical practice that was both rational and effective. I discuss four physicians, connected to the University of Leiden, who attempted to understand drug properties, including taste, within a Galenic framework. The sixteenth-century discussions about the relationship between the senses, reason and experience, will help us understand the seventeenth-century criticism of Galenic medicine and the importance of discussions about materia medica for ideas regarding the properties of matter proposed in this period.

Relaciones entre el uso de la analogía en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del concepto estructura íntima de la materia (EIM)

OpenAIRE

Ordoñez Acosta, Carlos F.; Cardona Ocampo, Jhon E.; Daza Pacheco, Alexander; Rodas Rodríguez, José M.; Ruiz Ortega, Francisco J.

2013-01-01

El propósito central de la investigación fue identificar y categorizar las analogías utilizadas por los docentes para la enseñanza de la estructura íntima de la materia (EIM). Para ello, construimos y aplicamos a docentes y estudiantes de tres instituciones de la ciudad de Manizales, Colombia, dos cuestionarios de pregunta abierta, identificándose y caracterizándose seis analogías, simples y de carácter concreto/abstracto; resultados que invitan a reflexionar sobre el uso de analogías abstrac...

Relaciones entre el uso de la analogía en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del concepto Estructura Íntima de la Materia (EIM)

OpenAIRE

Ordoñez Acosta, Carlos F.

2013-01-01

El propósito central de la investigación fue identificar y categorizar las analogías utilizadas por los docentes para la enseñanza de la estructura íntima de la materia (EIM). Para ello, construimos y aplicamos a docentes y estudiantes de tres instituciones de la ciudad de Manizales, Colombia, dos cuestionarios de pregunta abierta, identificándose y caracterizándose seis analogías, simples y de carácter concreto/abstracto; resultados que invitan a reflexionar sobre el uso de analogías abstrac...

Macroproyecto: validación de propuesta educativa con investigación basada en diseño (caso: contenido no lineal. concepto: la materia y sus propiedades)

OpenAIRE

Jiménez Sarmiento, Luz Adriana

2014-01-01

El presente trabajo de investigación Validación de Propuesta Educativa con investigación basada en diseño para la enseñanza del concepto la materia y sus propiedades a través de la plataforma virtual http://luza1398.wix.com/aventurasescolares, tuvo como finalidad profundizar en las prácticas educativas de enseñanza y aprendizaje, innovando con una metodología que permitiera minimizar con el desinterés y apatía de los estudiantes de grado tercero por las labores escolares. The present...

Clasificación en tiempo real de materias primas mediante un sensor espectroscópico de imagen y técnicas lineales de procesado de datos

OpenAIRE

García Allende, Pilar Beatriz; Conde Portilla, Olga María; Mirapeix Serrano, Jesús María; Cubillas de Cos, Ana María; López Higuera, José Miguel

2007-01-01

RESUMEN: En este artículo se presenta un nuevo método de procesado de imágenes hiperespectrales capturadas mediante un sensor espectroscópico de imagen. Basado en un algoritmo de clasificación lineal, permite mejorar las restricciones de tiempo real que planteaba un sistema de clasificación de materia prima diseñado previamente. El procesado de datos consta de dos bloques: compresión de características e interpretación de las mismas. La compresión se realiza empleando Análisis de Componentes ...

Utilización de cenizas volantes y mineralizadores como materia prima en la fabricación de cemento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Palomo Sánchez, Ángel

1983-03-01

Full Text Available In this research the process of formation of a low energy clinker is studied, when fly-ashes (rich in sulphates and lime and fluorspar are used as raw materials (fly-ashes replaces to the tradicional raw mix partially. The availability of those fly-ashes is shown since clinker at 1.340 °C is obtained. The mineralogical composition, mineralizer capacity and temperature of formation of the new liquid phase is studied.

En el presente trabajo se estudia el proceso de formación de un clínker de bajo consumo energético, empleando como materia prima cenizas volantes sulfocálcicas (en sustitución parcial del crudo tradicional y fluorita. Se demuestra la validez de dichas cenizas volantes, obteniendo clínker a 1.340 °C. Se estudia la composición mineralógica, capacidad de mineralización y temperatura de formación de la nueva fase líquida.

LIG1 polymorphisms: the Indian scenario

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

2014-08-14

Aug 14, 2014 ... occurs across this population on social parameters such as income and ..... HapMap database belonging to Chinese (CHB), Japanese. (JPT) ..... was supported by CSIR network projects CMM0016, CMM0018,. NWP0034.

La distribución de competencias entre el Estado y las Comunidades Autónomas en materia de agricultura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Rodríguez Portugués

2010-10-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se estudia el sistema de distribución de competencias entre el Estado y las Comunidades Autónomas sobre agricultura. Con él se pretende ofrecer un estudio exhaustivo de esta vasta materia teniendo en cuenta y sistematizando la abundante jurisprudencia constitucional que se ha ido formando desde el inicio del Estado de las Autonomías hasta la actualidad, así como el nuevo contexto jurídico abierto por la reciente Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional 31/2010, de 28 de junio, sobre el Estatuto de Autonomía de Cataluña, o por la ya consolidada posición de la Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias como región ultraperiférica de la Unión Europea en relación a la aplicación del llamado “primer pilar” de la Política Agrícola Común en su territorio. Además, y sobre la base de todo ello, se formula una propuesta de concepto general de “agricultura” que sea válido para deslindar esta materia de otras afines a efectos competenciales. In this study the power-sharing system for agriculture between the State and Spanish autonomous regions will be examined. The study aims to offer an exhaustive study of this vast subject, taking into account and systemising the abundant constitutional jurisprudence that has been forming since the creation of the autonomous regions until the present day, as well as the new legal context opened by the recent ruling of the Spanish Constitutional Court (31/2010, 28th June over the Catalan Statute of Autonomy, and for the already consolidated position of the autonomous region of the Canary Islands as the outermost region of the European Union in relation to the application of what is known as the ‘first pier’ of the Common Agricultural Policy within its territory. Also, and based on the above, a proposal regarding the general concept of ‘agriculture’ will be formulated, one which is valid to separate this subject from other matters relative to the effects of competencies.

Concepto de “materia laboral” Vigencia material de la ley Nº 18.572

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mario Garmendia Arigón

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo 7º de la Ley de Abreviación de los Procesos Laborales (Nº 18.572, del 13 de setiembre de 2009 define el “Ámbito de aplicación” utilizando la siguiente fórmula: “Con excepción de lo establecido en normas que prevean procedimientos especiales, en materia laboral el proceso se regirá por lo previsto en esta ley”.Es de hacer notar que el artículo 7º tiene una ubicación incorrecta dentro de la estructura general de la ley 18.572, pues aparece dentro del “Capítulo IV”, intitulado “Proceso laboral ordinario”, cuando, en realidad, su contenido no refiere solamente a esta última estructura procesal, sino a todas las disposiciones procesales consagradas en la ley. (…El análisis que se desarrolla a continuación está centrado, precisamente, en dicha expresión y, en particular, en la vinculación que existe entre el artículo 7º y el artículo 2º de la ley 18.5724, con el propósito de desentrañar si la aplicabilidad de las estructuras procesales que se consagraron en dicha ley queda sólo restringida a las Sedes laborales o si, por el contrario, corresponde entender  que las mismas también deben ser aplicadas por tribunales no pertenecientes a la jurisdicción laboral.

REMOCION DE LA MATERIA ORGANICA Y TOXICIDAD EN AGUAS RESIDUALES HOSPITALARIAS APLICANDO OZONO

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DAYANA GRISALES PENAGOS

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Las aguas residuales hospitalarias se consideran como una de las principales fuentes de contaminantes emergentes, resultado de las diferentes actividades que allí se realizan y la excreción de las sustancias por los pacientes. Estudios han demostrado que estos componentes no son fácilmente removidos por medio de procesos de tratamiento convencionales como las plantas de tratamiento que emplean procesos biológicos. En este sentido el propósito de este trabajo consistió en evaluar la degradación de la materia orgánica presente en aguas hospitalarias reales aplicando ozono en diferentes condiciones de pH (3,0, 6,7, 10. Para esto se analizaron los valores de la UV254, la relación de biodegradabilidad DQO/DBO5 y el color (VIS436. Adicional a esto, se realizó un ensayo de toxicidad aguda, utilizando bulbos de cebolla común (Allium cepa L. Los resultados mostraron que con una dosis aplicada de ozono de 187 mgO3/h y valores de pH=10 la biodegradabilidad se aumento en un 70% y la toxicidad aguda se redujo en 62%, mientras que para valores de pH =3,0, se favoreció la remoción de la UV254 y el color. La aplicación de ozono demostró ser una alternativa viable para tratar efluentes hospitalarios como pretratamiento de un proceso biológico.

Coalbed Methane Outreach Program

Science.gov (United States)

Coalbed Methane Outreach Program, voluntary program seeking to reduce methane emissions from coal mining activities. CMOP promotes profitable recovery/use of coal mine methane (CMM), addressing barriers to using CMM instead of emitting it to atmosphere.

Políticas públicas desarrolladas recientemente en Chile en materia de derecho a la salud, en particular respecto al acceso a los medicamentos y su natural incidencia en la propiedad intelectual

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaime Gallegos

2012-11-01

Full Text Available El presente documento busca exponer el giro que se está produciendo, en materia de reconocimiento y aseguramiento del derecho a la salud y en particular respecto al acceso a los medicamentos, tanto en el poder legislativo como en el judicial. La exposición de un proyecto de ley en trámite con carácter de suma urgencia, recientemente despachado por el Senado hacia la Cámara de Diputados, así como también los precedentes sentados por diferentes fallos de nuestros tribunales de justicia, permiten ponderar el debate actual que se está dando en Chile. Las políticas en materia de medicamentos que en razón de todo lo anterior adopte el Estado, si bien deben honrar los compromisos internacionales asumidos en virtud de la incorporación al sistema multilateral de comercio y los distintos acuerdos bilaterales suscritos, deben también, necesariamente, tomar en consideración el derecho a la salud de sus habitantes, para efectos de alcanzar normas coherentes, completas y que gocen de la legitimidad necesaria dentro de la población.

China's Coal Methane: Actors, Structures, Strategies and their Global Impacts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, Ke; Charnoz, Olivier

2012-12-01

The need for China to alleviate its energy shortage, reduce its dependence on foreign sources and mitigate its climate impact is driving a dire quest for alternative fuels. Coal Mine Methane (CMM), in this context, holds significant potential. While the 11. Five-Year Plan aimed to capture and use 10 billion m"3 per year of CMM by 2010, the country achieved less than a quarter of this. This paper enquires into this puzzling outcome, which bears consequences for the world at large. China is indeed responsible for more than 40% of the world's total un-captured CMM emissions - which act as a greenhouse gas 21 times more potent than CO_2, and whose role in global warming is often underestimated, especially in short- and medium-term climate strategies. While the Chinese central government may have incentive to work towards promoting CMM, the benefits of such policies at the sub-national level are far from self-evident. National CMM policies can have significant economic and social costs at the local level, and thus their implementation can be jeopardized. Implementation of such policies is inherently ambiguous, conflicting, and as such, political. Current research on the Chinese CMM industry has largely focused on its techno-economic aspects, with little if any politico-institutional analyses. As for policy research on the larger Chinese energy sector, this seems sturdily to embody a top-down view: it mostly ends up blaming the country's decentralized governance structure and lack of a stringent implementation chain. Such top-down approaches do not help uncover 'the sinews of war': the range of less formal mechanisms, negotiations and agreements among the local actors, without which implementation does not in fact occur at the sub-national level. Nor do top-down research approaches facilitate inquiry into the way local stakeholders re-frame the meaning, content and impact of CMM policies. More generally, the top-down approaches fail to consider the significance of

Medication therapy management and complex patients with disability: a randomized controlled trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Chrischilles, Elizabeth A; Doucette, William; Farris, Karen; Lindgren, Scott; Gryzlak, Brian; Rubenstein, Linda; Youland, Kelly; Wallace, Robert B

2014-02-01

Drug therapy problems, adverse drug events (ADEs), and symptom burden are high among adults with disabilities. To compare the effects of a modified medication therapy management (MTM) program within a self-efficacy workshop versus the workshop alone or usual care on symptom burden among adults with activity limitations. Three-group randomized controlled trial among adults (age 40 and older) with self-reported activity limitations in community practice. 8 weekly Living Well With a Disability (LWD) 2-hour workshop sessions with and without a collaborative medication management (CMM) module. mean number of moderate to very severe symptoms from a list of 11 physical and mental symptoms. Process measures: changes in medication regimens and self-reported ADEs. general linear mixed models (continuous outcomes) and generalized estimating equations (categorical outcomes). Participants had high symptom burden, low physical health, and took many medications. There was a significant increase in ADE reporting in the LWD + CMM group relative to the other 2 groups (Study group × Time P = .014), and there were significantly more changes in medication regimens in the LWD + CMM group (P = .013 LWD only vs LWD + CMM). The oldest third of participants had significantly fewer mean symptoms but received more intense CMM. There was no difference between the LWD-only, LWD + CMM, and usual care groups in symptom burden over time. Pharmacist MTM practices and MTM guidelines may need to be modified to affect symptom burden in a population with physical activity limitations.

SOLAR RADIATION AND INDUCTION OF DNA DAMAGE, MUTATIONS AND SKIN CANCERS.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

SETLOW,R.B.

2007-05-10

An understanding of the effects of sunlight on human skin begins with the effects on DNA and extends to cells, animals and humans. The major DNA photoproducts arising from UVB (280-320 nm) exposures are cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. If unrepaired, they may kill or mutate cells and result in basal and squamous cell carcinomas. Although UVA (320-400 nm) and visible wavelengths are poorly absorbed by DNA, the existing data indicate clearly that exposures to these wavelengths are responsible, in an animal model, for {approx}95 % of the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). Six lines of evidence, to be discussed in detail, support the photosensitizing role of melanin in the induction of this cancer. They are: (1) Melanomas induced in backcross hybrids of small tropical fish of the genus Xiphophorus, exposed to wavelengths from 302-547 nm, indicate that {approx}95% of the cancers induced by exposure to sunlight would arise from UVA + visible wavelengths; (2) The action spectrum for inducing melanin-photosensitized oxidant production is very similar to the spectrum for inducing melanoma; (3) Albino whites and blacks, although very sensitive to sunburn and the sunlight induction of non-CMM, have very low incidences of CMM; (4) The incidence of CMM as a function of latitude is very similar to that of UVA, but not UVB; (5) Use of UVA-exposing sun-tanning parlors by the young increases the incidence rate of CMM and (6) Major mutations observed in CMM are not UVB-induced.

Løbende overvågning af koordinatmålemaskinen: TRACES-projektet

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sobiecki, René; Ton, Valerio

2005-01-01

DS/EN ISO 10360-1: 2001 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate measuring machines (CMM)......DS/EN ISO 10360-1: 2001 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate measuring machines (CMM)...

Antibacterial activity of antagonistic bacterium Bacillus subtilis DJM-51 against phytopathogenic Clavibacter michiganense subsp. michiganense ATCC 7429 in vitro.

Science.gov (United States)

Jung, W J; Mabood, F; Souleimanov, A; Whyte, L G; Niederberger, T D; Smith, D L

2014-12-01

To investigate antibacterial activity against the tomato pathogen Clavibacter michiganense subsp. michiganense ATCC 7429 (Cmm ATCC 7429), Bacillus subtilis DJM-51 was isolated from rhizosphere soil. For isolation of bacteria, samples were taken from rhizosphere soil. The isolate, DJA-51, had strong antagonistic ability against Tomato pathogen Cmm ATCC 7429 on nutrient-broth yeast extract agar (NBYA) as indicated by inhibition zones around colonies. On the basis of the nucleotide sequence of a conserved segment of the 16S rRNA gene, the bacterium has been identified as B. subtilis DJM-51. The growth of Cmm ATCC 7429 on NBYA plates was inhibited by culture broth of B. subtilis DJM-51 including cells, by the supernatant of culture broth of B. subtilis DJM-51, and by the liquid material resulting from butanol extract of bacterial cultures. The OD value in co-culture mixture was lower than the control throughout the entire incubation period. Antibiotics obtained from B. subtilis DJM-51 inhibited the growth of Tomato pathogen Cmm ATCC 7429. These results provide potentially information about the protection of tomato from pathogen Cmm ATCC 7429 under greenhouse conditions in Quebec. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sujecion de piezas durante las mediciones con M.M.C

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Ángel Sellés Cantó

2012-08-01

Full Text Available This Coordinate Measuring Machines (C.M.M. has had an increasingly important role throughout history. We are talking to an enterprise-level quality control. A system that is being implemented in all companies, and has developed some tools to control a variety of parameters such as production stabilization.In this paper, we first set out an introduction to the use of C.M.M. as tools for quality control in SME's. Then we explore the importance of piece positioning and clamping before being measured in a C.M.M. We finally analyze four possible moorings, and deviations are obtained. These moorings are designed in order to place the same work piece in the four cases.Finally, the results obtained are compared and show which is the best way to put the part on the C.M.M.

Engineering three-dimensional cell mechanical microenvironment with hydrogels.

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Guoyou; Wang, Lin; Wang, Shuqi; Han, Yulong; Wu, Jinhui; Zhang, Qiancheng; Xu, Feng; Lu, Tian Jian

2012-12-01

Cell mechanical microenvironment (CMM) significantly affects cell behaviors such as spreading, migration, proliferation and differentiation. However, most studies on cell response to mechanical stimulation are based on two-dimensional (2D) planar substrates, which cannot mimic native three-dimensional (3D) CMM. Accumulating evidence has shown that there is a significant difference in cell behavior in 2D and 3D microenvironments. Among the materials used for engineering 3D CMM, hydrogels have gained increasing attention due to their tunable properties (e.g. chemical and mechanical properties). In this paper, we provide an overview of recent advances in engineering hydrogel-based 3D CMM. Effects of mechanical cues (e.g. hydrogel stiffness and externally induced stress/strain in hydrogels) on cell behaviors are described. A variety of approaches to load mechanical stimuli in 3D hydrogel-based constructs are also discussed.

Engineering three-dimensional cell mechanical microenvironment with hydrogels

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang Guoyou; Wang Lin; Han Yulong; Zhang Qiancheng; Xu Feng; Lu Tianjian; Wang Shuqi; Wu Jinhui

2012-01-01

Cell mechanical microenvironment (CMM) significantly affects cell behaviors such as spreading, migration, proliferation and differentiation. However, most studies on cell response to mechanical stimulation are based on two-dimensional (2D) planar substrates, which cannot mimic native three-dimensional (3D) CMM. Accumulating evidence has shown that there is a significant difference in cell behavior in 2D and 3D microenvironments. Among the materials used for engineering 3D CMM, hydrogels have gained increasing attention due to their tunable properties (e.g. chemical and mechanical properties). In this paper, we provide an overview of recent advances in engineering hydrogel-based 3D CMM. Effects of mechanical cues (e.g. hydrogel stiffness and externally induced stress/strain in hydrogels) on cell behaviors are described. A variety of approaches to load mechanical stimuli in 3D hydrogel-based constructs are also discussed. (topical review)

Isolation and Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Dental Pulp and Follicle

OpenAIRE

Brizuela C, Claudia; Galleguillos G, Sussy; Carrión A, Flavio; Cabrera P, Carolina; Luz C, Patricia; Inostroza S, Carolina

2013-01-01

Recientemente se ha descubierto que diversos tejidos dentales son fuente importante de Células Madre Mesenquimales (CMM). En la cavidad oral podemos encontrar CMM en la pulpa, en el folículo dental, papila y en la encía entre otros lugares. Varios estudios avalan el extenso potencial terapéutico de las CMM en terapias de regeneración. El objetivo de este estudio es aislar, cultivar células madres mesenquimales de pulpa y folículo dental humano, caracterizar su inmunofenotipo y su potencial de...

EFECTO DE LA MATERIA ORGÁNICA SOBRE LAS PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DEL SUELO EN UN SISTEMA AGROFORESTAL DE LA LLANURA COSTERA NORTE DE NAYARIT, MÉXICO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Murray Núñez RM

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Se planteo analizar el comportamiento del contenido de materia orgánica de un suelo bajo un sistema agroforestal y los cambios ocurridos en algunas propiedades físicas. Este trabajo se llevó a cabo en un sistema agroforestal en la Llanura Costera Norte del estado de Nayarit, en el cual se valuaron propiedades del suelo, como son: materia orgánica (MO y propiedades físicas, como humedad (W, densidad aparente (Da, porosidad total (Pt y la capacidad de campo (CC. En el 2005, se realizó el perfil y se describió en cam- po y laboratorio, presentando una textura arcillosa (arena 29.1 %, limo 18.0 % y arcilla 52.8 %, pH medio (7.0, MO 0.51 %, capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC 24.0 cmol.kg-1, Da 1.4 kg dm-3 CC y 24.3 %. El suelo se clasificó como Fluvisol haplico. Se caracterizó el suelo a una profundidad de 0-20 cm por coincidir con el espesor del horizonte A del suelo, considerando que es el horizonte más influenciado a corto plazo por la hojarasca. Se dió un seguimiento de dos muestreos por año hasta 2010, los resultados más sobresalientes a 6 años de implantado el sistema indican una disminución enlaDade1.09kgdm-3,unaumentoenlaMOde 3.85 %, Pt de 58 %, porosidad de aireación (Pa 22.1%yenlaCC35.9%.

Narrativas de usuários de saúde mental em uma experiência de gestão autônoma de medicação

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laura Lamas Martins Gonçalves

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Numerosos estudos apontam a tendência à cronicidade dos tratamentos quando centrados no uso de medicamentos. Esta pesquisa foi realizada em uma grande cidade brasileira, com usuários de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da experimentação do Guia pessoal da Gestão Autônoma da Medicação (Guia GAM na relação desses usuários com seus tratamentos e nas suas ações de participação. Esse instrumento, criado no Canadá, traduzido e adaptado para o Brasil, foi experimentado, por meio de grupos de intervenção, com usuários de CAPS com transtorno mental grave e com história de participação política no campo da saúde. Foram realizados grupos focais e entrevistas em profundidade. As transcrições foram transformadas em narrativas, e foram definidas quatro categorias de análise: sujeitos de experiências radicais de sofrimento; experiências com a medicação; direitos de usuários; participação e militância política. Com a experimentação do Guia GAM, os usuários expressaram uma tensão entre a reprodução da identidade centrada na doença e a legitimidade da singularidade das suas experiências pessoais. Demonstraram maior conhecimento sobre os medicamentos que tomavam, passaram a reconhecer sua própria expertise, como o uso de medicamentos, e alguns buscaram ajustes no tratamento. Referiram necessidade de serem apoiados nos movimentos de reivindicação dos seus direitos e fortaleceram suas participações enquanto militantes da saúde mental. Conclui-se que a versão brasileira do Guia GAM tem potencial de contribuir com o empoderamento dos usuários, permitindo assim uma interlocução das avaliações de resultados em saúde mental com o cenário internacional.

Assessment of the potential of Allium sativum oil as a new medicament for non-vital pulpotomy of primary teeth.

Science.gov (United States)

Mohammad, Shukry Gamal; Baroudi, Kusai

2015-01-01

The objective of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic effects of Allium sativum oil and formocresol in nonvital pulpotomy in primary teeth. Twenty children ranging in age from 4 to 8 years were included in the study. In every one of those children, pulpotomy was indicated for the primary molars. Pulpotomy procedure was performed and the radicular pulp tissue of one molar was capped with A. sativum oil in a cotton pellet while the other molar was capped with formocresol. The teeth were evaluated clinically and radiographically before and after 6 months using standard clinical and radiographic criteria. Statistically, these results revealed significant difference between the radiographic findings of nonvital pulpotomy in primary molars with the two medicaments. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test and paired t-test at the significance level of α = 0.05. A. sativum oil has potent antibacterial properties that enable it to combat intracanal microbes in the infected pulp of primary molars. Better results were obtained when A. sativum oil was used. A. sativum oil had more powerful effects than formocresol on the infected pulp of primary nonvital molars.

Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Allium sativum Oil as a New Medicament for Vital Pulp Treatment of Primary Teeth.

Science.gov (United States)

Mohammad, Shukry Gamal; Raheel, Syed Ahmed; Baroudi, Kusai

2014-01-01

The objective of this study was to compare between the clinical and radiographic effects of Allium sativum oil and those of formocresol in vital pulpotomy in primary teeth. A total of 20 children age ranged from 4 to 8 years were included in the study. In every one of those children, the primary molars indicated for pulpotomy. Pulpotomy procedure was performed, and the radicular pulp tissue of one molar capped with A. sativum oil in a cotton pellet, whereas the other molar capped with formocresol, the teeth evaluated clinically and radiographically before and after 6 months, using standard clinical and radiographical criteria. Statistically, these results revealed no significant difference between the radiographic findings of vital pulpotomy in primary molars with the two medicaments was found. A. sativum oil offers a good healing potential, leaving the remaining pulp tissue healthy and functioning. Vital pulpotomy with allium sativa oil was given raise 90% success rate while that with formocresol was 85%. A. sativum oil is a biocompatible material that is compatible with vital human pulp tissue. It offers a good healing potential, leaving the remaining pulp tissue healthy and functioning.

In vivo skin fluorescence imaging in young Caucasian adults with early malignant melanomas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Piérard GE

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Gérald E Piérard,1 Trinh Hermanns-Lê,2 Sébastien L Piérard,3 Lucas Dewalque,4 Corinne Charlier,4 Claudine Piérard-Franchimont,2 Philippe Delvenne2 1Laboratory of Skin Bioengineering and Imaging (LABIC, Department of Clinical Sciences, Liège University, 2Department of Dermatopathology, Unilab Lg, University Hospital of Liège, 3INTELSIG Laboratory, Montefiore Institute, University of Liège, 4Department of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium Background: Human cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM is an aggressive cancer showing a dramatic worldwide increase in incidence over the past few decades. The most prominent relative epidemiological increase has been disclosed in young women. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of chronic sun exposures in order to rate the extend of melanocytic stimulations in the vicinity of CMM. Methods: The study was designed to evaluate the melanin distribution and density using ultraviolet light illumination. The present study was performed on surgical excision specimens of thin CMM lesion removed from the upper limbs of 55 Caucasian adults (37 women and 18 men. Two control groups comprised 23 men and 21 women of similar ages who had medium-size congenital melanocytic nevi, also present on the upper limbs. The peritumoral skin was scrutinized using a Visioscan® VC98 device, revealing the faint mosaic melanoderma (FMM pattern that grossly indicates early signs of chronic photodamage in epidermal melanin units. Results: The median extent of relative FMM was significantly higher in the CMM male group. By contrast, the CMM female group showed a reverse bimodal distribution in FMM size. Only 12/37 (32.5% of the CMM female group had an increased FMM size, whereas 25/37 (67.5% of females with CMM had a global FMM extent in the normal range, relative to the controls. Conclusion: Thin CMM supervening in young women appear unrelated to repeat

On the Effect of Clamping Pressure and Method on the Current Mapping of Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Al Shakhshir, Saher; Zhou, Fan; Kær, Søren Knudsen

The degradation of the electrochemical reaction of the proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) can be characterized using in-situ current mapping measurements (CMM). CMM is significantly affected by the amount of clamping pressure and method. In this work the current is mapped...

Comparison of veterinary drugs and veterinary homeopathy: part 1

Science.gov (United States)

Lees, P.; Pelligand, L.; Whiting, M.; Chambers, D.; Toutain, P-L.; Whitehead, M. L.

2017-01-01

For many years after its invention around 1796, homeopathy was widely used in people and later in animals. Over the intervening period (1796-2016) pharmacology emerged as a science from Materia Medica (medicinal materials) to become the mainstay of veterinary therapeutics. There remains today a much smaller, but significant, use of homeopathy by veterinary surgeons. Homeopathic products are sometimes administered when conventional drug therapies have not succeeded, but are also used as alternatives to scientifically based therapies and licensed products. The principles underlying the veterinary use of drug-based and homeopathic products are polar opposites; this provides the basis for comparison between them. This two-part review compares and contrasts the two treatment forms in respect of history, constituents, methods of preparation, known or postulated mechanisms underlying responses, the legal basis for use and scientific credibility in the 21st century. Part 1 begins with a consideration of why therapeutic products actually work or appear to do so. PMID:28801498

Comparison of veterinary drugs and veterinary homeopathy: part 1.

Science.gov (United States)

Lees, P; Pelligand, L; Whiting, M; Chambers, D; Toutain, P-L; Whitehead, M L

2017-08-12

For many years after its invention around 1796, homeopathy was widely used in people and later in animals. Over the intervening period (1796-2016) pharmacology emerged as a science from Materia Medica (medicinal materials) to become the mainstay of veterinary therapeutics. There remains today a much smaller, but significant, use of homeopathy by veterinary surgeons. Homeopathic products are sometimes administered when conventional drug therapies have not succeeded, but are also used as alternatives to scientifically based therapies and licensed products. The principles underlying the veterinary use of drug-based and homeopathic products are polar opposites; this provides the basis for comparison between them. This two-part review compares and contrasts the two treatment forms in respect of history, constituents, methods of preparation, known or postulated mechanisms underlying responses, the legal basis for use and scientific credibility in the 21st century. Part 1 begins with a consideration of why therapeutic products actually work or appear to do so. British Veterinary Association.

Kenyan medicinal plants used as antivenin: a comparison of plant usage

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kisangau Daniel P

2006-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract The success of snake bite healers is vaguely understood in Kenya, partly due to their unknown materia medica and occult-mystical nature of their practice. A comparison is made of plants used in snake bite treatments by two culturally distinct African groups (the Kamba and Luo. Thirty two plants used for snakebite treatment are documented. The majority of the antidotes are prepared from freshly collected plant material – frequently leaves. Though knowledge of snake bite conditions etiological perceptions of the ethnic groups is similar, field ethnobotanical data suggests that plant species used by the two ethnic groups are independently derived. Antivenin medicinal plants effectively illustrate the cultural context of medicine. Randomness or the use of a variety of species in different families appears to be a feature of traditional snake bite treatments. A high degree of informant consensus for the species was observed. The study indicates rural Kenya inhabitants rely on medicinal plants for healthcare.

Homeopathic drug therapy. Homeopathy in Chikungunya Fever and Post-Chikungunya Chronic Arthritis: an observational study.

Science.gov (United States)

Wadhwani, Gyandas G

2013-07-01

To observe the effect of homeopathic therapy in Chikungunya Fever (CF) and in Post-Chikungunya Chronic Arthritis (PCCA) in a primary health care setting. A prospective observational study was conducted at Delhi Government Homeopathic Dispensary, Aali Village, New Delhi, India, for a period of 6 months, from 1st October 2010 to 31st March 2011. 126 patients (75 CF, 51 PCCA) were enrolled based on predefined inclusion criteria. A single homeopathic medicine was prescribed for each patient after case taking with the help of Materia Medica and/or Repertory. Results were evaluated on the basis of visual analogue scale and symptom scores. Complete recovery was seen in 84.5% CF cases in a mean time of 6.8 days. 90% cases of PCCA recovered completely in a mean time of 32.5 days. Homeopathic therapy may be effective in CF and PCCA. A randomized controlled trial should be considered. Copyright © 2013 The Faculty of Homeopathy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The limits of retirement social protection Los límites de la protección social en materia de jubilación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Noelia Morales Romo

2010-09-01

Full Text Available This article presents an analysis of options and alternatives related to retirement in Spain during a global economic crisis. By dealing with qualitative and quantitative data we formulate answers to prior questions related to retirement social protection. We address four main topics: pension coverage, related mainly to the sum and benefi ciaries; age, by focusing on the moment of retirement; the need for an early retirement or the possibility of postponing the age of compulsory retirement; the fi nancing of the pensions system through public funds or private pension plans, and, fi nally, we raise questions on the future of retirement pensions. Last, we provide some clear conclusions about the questions raised. Keywords: Retirement. Social payments. Social protection. Pensions. Public policies. Welfare state. El texto aborda las percepciones sobre las opciones y alternativas en materia de jubilación en España en un momento de difícil coyuntura económica mundial. A partir de numerosos datos cualitativos y cuantitativos se trata de responder a cuestiones fundamentales en relación a la protección social en materia de jubilación. Los aspectos fundamentales sobre los que versa el artículo son cuatro: la cobertura de las pensiones tratando especialmente la cuantía y los benefi ciarios, la edad, centrándose en cuándo es adecuado jubilarse, la necesidad o conveniencia de las prejubilaciones o la posibilidad de postergar la edad de jubilación obligatoria, la fi nanciación del sistema de pensiones haciendo hincapié tanto en los fondos públicos como en los planes privados de pensiones y por último nos cuestionaremos sobre el futuro de las pensiones. Para fi nalizar realizaremos unas claras conclusiones sobre todas las cuestiones planteadas. Palabras claves: Jubilación. Prestaciones. Protección social. Pensiones. Políticas públicas. Estado de bienestar.

Extracción mediante un SOXTEC® de la materia grasa de algodones procedentes de diferentes áreas productoras. Comparación extracción con diclorometano o sucesivas diclorometano-metanol.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martínez, Mª J.

1997-08-01

Full Text Available The paper compares the fatty matter recovered from cotton when applying one extraction with dichloromethane or two successive extractions (the first with dichloromethane and the second one with methanol, more polar and the time required for the operation when using SOXTEC® System HT2 or the usual Soxhlet. Results showed that it is convenient to make successive extractions of 1 hr and 30 minutes, respectively, with SOXTEC®. The fatty matter extracted was homogeneous, with independence of its origin. Before the analysis of pesticides, samples should be purified by gas chromatography (ECD or MS.

El trabajo compara la recuperación de materia grasa de algodón con una única extracción con diclorometano o dos extracciones consecutivas (la primera con diclorometano y la segunda con metanol, más polar y el tiempo necesario para la operación utilizando SOXTEC® System HT2 y el Soxhlet convencional. El resultado indica que deben hacerse dos extracciones sucesivas de una hora y 30 minutos, respectivamente, en SOXTEX®. Ello representa una considerable reducción con respecto al Soxhlet. La grasa extraída es relativamente homogénea, con independencia del origen de la materia prima. Antes del análisis de los pesticidas, la muestra debe someterse a una purificación previa mediante cromatografía gaseosa (ECD ó MS.

Harmonization of monographic standards is needed to ensure the quality of Chinese medicinal materials

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhao Sandy

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract This article provides an overview on the regulations of Chinese medicinal materials (CMMs in various countries and regions. Harmonization of CMM monographs would provide standards for the quality control of CMM products and play an important role in the modernization and globalization of Chinese medicine. A harmonized regulatory system would improve the quality of CMMs thereby ensuring the safety of the products and assisting Chinese medicine practitioners in their practice. The fast growing demand worldwide for traditional medicines calls for harmonized monographic standards to safeguard the safety and quality of CMM products.

Conocimiento previo y comprensión lectora en un texto de materia teológica

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Silvia Méndez Anchía

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Estudio el libro Cristología, fe de Jesús, fe cristiana, de Francisco Avendaño Herrera (San José: UNED, 2002, para determinar cómo influyen los conocimientos previos del estudiantado (asociados con una perspectiva tradicionalista en su comprensión lectora del conocimiento nuevo que presenta el texto de Avendaño. Recolecté los datos mediante observación participante en las tutorías del curso de Cristología en que se utiliza el texto (programa de Teología a Distancia de la UNED y la UNA, ambas instituciones de educación superior de Costa Rica. Analizo los resultados con base en tres posibles formas de lectura: autoritaria, negociada y competente. Concluyo señalando un predominio de la lectura autoritaria y negociada, que puede explicarse por la función social de la religión en la construcción de la realidad de los sujetos, razón por la cual estos parecen resistirse a comprender un conocimiento nuevo que les genera incertidumbre en su visión de mundo en materia religiosa. Emito, finalmente, una serie de recomendaciones sobre cambios que, con base en los resultados de este estudio, podrían introducirse en una nueva edición del libro analizado.

Reseña: Abal Oliú, Alejandro: C.G.P. y conciliación previa en materia laboral, Editorial Universidad Ltda. Montevideo, 1992, 64 págs.

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o. C. R.

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Abal Oliú, Alejandro: C.G.P. y conciliación previa en materia laboral, Editorial Universidad Ltda. Montevideo, 1992, 64 págs. Editorial Universidad Ltda. Montevideo, 1992, 64 págs.El autor, profesor de Derecho Procesal y de Técnica Forense en nuestra Facultad, analiza en la presente obra las distintas fórmulas que es posible estab~ecer en cuanto a la tentativa de conciliación previa a la iniciación de los procesos laborales, luego de la entrada en vigencia del Código General del Proceso. (...

Cambios en fracciones dinámicas de la materia orgánica de dos suelos, inceptisol y ultisol, por el uso con cultivo de cítricas

OpenAIRE

Pulido-Moncada, Mansonia; Flores, Bestalia; Rondón S, Tatiana; Hernández-Hernández, Rosa M; Lozano, Zenaida

2010-01-01

La materia orgánica (MO) es uno de los parámetros más aceptados como indicador de cambios en la calidad del suelo; sin embargo, sus fracciones dinámicas pueden ser aun más sensibles a los efectos del tipo de manejo y tipo de vegetación. En los suelos del trópico es importante la determinación temprana de los cambios debido al manejo puesto que los procesos biológicos de los ecosistemas que son intervenidos pueden darse a altas velocidades. En este trabajo se planteó determinar si las fraccion...

Efecto de la altura y frecuencia de corte sobre la producción de materia seca y proteína cruda de Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray

OpenAIRE

Lugo Soto, Maria; Molina, Francelina; González, Ignacio; González, Johan; Sánchez, Eudomar

2012-01-01

Para evaluar el efecto de la altura y frecuencia de corte en la producción de materia seca y proteína cruda de Tithonia diversifolia, se realizó un experimento en el Campo Experimental Ciudad Bolivia del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas (INIA), ubicado en Ciudad Bolivia, estado Barinas a 08º 22` N y 70º 36´ O, y una elevación de 186 m.s.n.m. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones en un arreglo factorial de los tratamientos en parcelas dividid...

Good practice in reviewing and publishing studies on herbal medicine, with special emphasis on traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese materia medica.

Science.gov (United States)

Chan, Kelvin; Shaw, Debbie; Simmonds, Monique S J; Leon, Christine J; Xu, Qihe; Lu, Aiping; Sutherland, Ian; Ignatova, Svetlana; Zhu, You-Ping; Verpoorte, Rob; Williamson, Elizabeth M; Duez, Pierre

2012-04-10

Studies on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), like those of other systems of traditional medicine (TM), are very variable in their quality, content and focus, resulting in issues around their acceptability to the global scientific community. In an attempt to address these issues, an European Union funded FP7 consortium, composed of both Chinese and European scientists and named "Good practice in traditional Chinese medicine" (GP-TCM), has devised a series of guidelines and technical notes to facilitate good practice in collecting, assessing and publishing TCM literature as well as highlighting the scope of information that should be in future publications on TMs. This paper summarises these guidelines, together with what has been learned through GP-TCM collaborations, focusing on some common problems and proposing solutions. The recommendations also provide a template for the evaluation of other types of traditional medicine such as Ayurveda, Kampo and Unani. GP-TCM provided a means by which experts in different areas relating to TCM were able to collaborate in forming a literature review good practice panel which operated through e-mail exchanges, teleconferences and focused discussions at annual meetings. The panel involved coordinators and representatives of each GP-TCM work package (WP) with the latter managing the testing and refining of such guidelines within the context of their respective WPs and providing feedback. A Good Practice Handbook for Scientific Publications on TCM was drafted during the three years of the consortium, showing the value of such networks. A "deliverable - central questions - labour division" model had been established to guide the literature evaluation studies of each WP. The model investigated various scoring systems and their ability to provide consistent and reliable semi-quantitative assessments of the literature, notably in respect of the botanical ingredients involved and the scientific quality of the work described. This resulted in the compilation of (i) a robust scoring system and (ii) a set of minimum standards for publishing in the herbal medicines field, based on an analysis of the main problems identified in published TCM literature. Good quality, peer-reviewed literature is crucial in maintaining the integrity and the reputation of the herbal scientific community and promoting good research in TCM. These guidelines provide a clear starting point for this important endeavour. They also provide a platform for adaptation, as appropriate, to other systems of traditional medicine. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

An Analysis of Management Techniques and Their Impact on the Marine Corps in a Navy Marine Corps Intranet Environment

Science.gov (United States)

2006-06-01

COBIT ) Framework....................................................58 2. The Capability Maturity Model...Objectives for Information and Related Technology ( COBIT ), Capability Maturity Model (CMM), Six Sigma, and the Information Technology Investment...Maturity Model (CMM), Six Sigma, Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology ( COBIT ) and the IT Investment Management (ITIM) framework

Socioeconomic status and cutaneous malignant melanoma in Northern Europe

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Idorn, L W; Wulf, H C

2014-01-01

Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), also in Northern Europe despite equal access to health care. SES per se is not responsible for this association which must be ascribed to important risk factors for CMM such as intermittent UVR exposure, and screening...

ALMACENES DE CARBONO Y ESTABILIDAD DE LA MATERIA ORGÁNICA DEL SUELO EN UN AGROECOSISTEMA CAFETALERO EN LA SIERRA SUR DE OAXACA, MÉXICO

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Gustavo Alvarez Arteaga

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó la capacidad de los suelos de un agroecosistema cafetalero de sombra bajo diferentes condiciones de manejo para acumular formas estables de carbono, en la Sierra Sur de Oaxaca; para ello, se cuantificó el almacén de carbono edáfico y se realizó el aislamiento y caracterización química de la materia orgánica del suelo mediante fraccionamiento químico, espectroscopía UV-visible e infrarroja en los primeros 40 cm de profundidad. Los resultaron no mostraron diferencias significativas para los almacenes de carbono entre condiciones de manejo, situándose en valores promedio de 150 Mg C ha-1. Los patrones de humificación son consistentes para todos los suelos e indican que más del 50 % de la materia orgánica del suelo se encuentra en las huminas de insolubilización y entre el 15 y 20 % corresponde a los ácidos húmicos. Esta fracción, presumiblemente la más estable, está conformada por moléculas cuya aromaticidad y maduración tiene una relación positiva con el incremento de altitud y el contenido de arcillas en el suelo. De acuerdo a lo anterior se corrobora la capacidad de los agroecosistemas cafetaleros bajo sombra para acumular elevados contenidos de carbono en formas estables asociadas con la fracción mineral del suelo.

The burden of occupationally-related cutaneous malignant melanoma in Britain due to solar radiation.

Science.gov (United States)

Rushton, Lesley; J Hutchings, Sally

2017-02-14

Increasing evidence highlights the association of occupational exposure and cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). We estimated the burden of CMM and total skin cancer burden in Britain due to occupational solar radiation exposure. Attributable fractions (AF) and numbers were estimated for CMM mortality and incidence using risk estimates from the published literature and national data sources for proportions exposed. We extended existing methods to account for the exposed population age structure. The estimated total AF for CMM is 2.0% (95% CI: 1.4-2.7%), giving 48 (95% CI: 33-64) deaths in (2012) and 241 (95% CI: 168-325) registrations (in 2011) attributable to occupational exposure to solar radiation. Higher exposure and larger numbers exposed led to much higher numbers for men than women. Industries of concern are construction, agriculture, public administration and defence, and land transport. These results emphasise the urgent need to develop appropriate strategies to reduce this burden.

Xerostomia em pacientes idosos: relação com o fluxo salivar, proteínas totais, capacidade tampão, pH e medicação em uso

OpenAIRE

Adriana Oliveira Terci

2007-01-01

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de investigar as relações entre a queixa de boca seca, em uma população de idosos em bom estado geral, com o fluxo salivar não estimulado, a concentração de proteínas salivares, o pH e a capacidade tampão da saliva, além de considerar as medicações de uso diário consumidas por esses indivíduos. Foram selecionados de forma seqüencial e aleatória 85 pacientes, 13 homens e 72 mulheres, entre os 60 e 82 anos de idade, com média de 68,5 anos. Vinte e um pacientes, t...

Coal Mine Methane in Russia [Russian Version

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2010-07-01

This paper discusses coal mine methane emissions (CMM) in the Russian Federation and the potential for their productive utilisation. It highlights specific opportunities for cost-effective reductions of CMM from oil and natural gas facilities, coal mines and landfills, with the aim of improving knowledge about effective policy approaches.

Coal Mine Methane in Russia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2009-07-01

This paper discusses coal mine methane emissions (CMM) in the Russian Federation and the potential for their productive utilisation. It highlights specific opportunities for cost-effective reductions of CMM from oil and natural gas facilities, coal mines and landfills, with the aim of improving knowledge about effective policy approaches.

Las interferencias parentales y la alienación parental en el contexto jurídico español: Revisión de sentencias judiciales en materia de guarda y custodia

OpenAIRE

González Sarrió, Ignacio

2017-01-01

RESUMEN TESIS DOCTORAL 1. TÍTULO: LAS INTERFERENCIAS PARENTALES Y LA ALIENACIÓN PARENTAL EN EL CONTEXTO JURÍDICO ESPAÑOL: REVISIÓN DE SENTENCIAS JUDICIALES EN MATERIA DE GUARDA Y CUSTODIA. 2. AUTOR: Ignacio González Sarrió. 3. DIRECTORES: Dr. Ismael Loinaz Calvo y Dra. Mª. Jesús López Latorre. 4. TUTORA: Dra. Mª. Jesús López Latorre 5. PRESENTACIÓN. La presente tesis se estructura siguiendo dos estudios independientes a la vez que complementarios. Un primer estudio relac...

Distribución de materia seca y nutrimentos en árboles de limón 'persa' (citrus latifolia tan. en Veracruz, México

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E. Contreras-Morales

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio se llevó a cabo en dos huertas de limón 'Persa' cada una en diferente tipo de suelo, con la finalidad de conocer la distribución de materia seca y nutrimentos en los órganos de cítricos y determinar su estado nutrimental. La huerta 1 de 12 años de edad estaba creciendo en suelo arcillo-migajón arenoso y la huerta 2, de 9 años de edad, en suelo arcilloso. El método de estudio consistió en extraer completamente cuatro árboles por huerta y fraccionarlos en sus diferentes órganos: hoja, flor, fruto, ramas, tronco y raíces. Las variables determinadas fueron: peso fresco y peso seco de cada órgano. Se determinó la concentración de nutrimentos por análisis químicos: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Fe, Mn y Zn. Los datos de ambas huertas fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza y prueba de comparación de medias por separado. Las raíces fibrosas (< 1 mm de diámetro para ambas huertas presentaron concentraciones altas de micronutrimentos destacando Fe y Mn. Para ambas huertas los nutrimentos extraídos en mayor cantidad por el fruto fueron K y Ca; y en menor cantidad Zn y Cu. Con relación a la distribución de biomasa, el tronco y ramas aportaron el 60.32 %; el conjunto de raíces el 26.93 % y las hojas el 9.41 % de la materia seca total del árbol, mientras que el N en hojas representó el 17.5 % del total de la planta, en la huerta1. Esto representó 1.85 veces más de nitrógeno, con relación al peso seco de las hojas. Datos similares se tuvieron en la huerta 2. Para ambas huertas el Cu y el N fueron los nutrimentos más requeridos.

Effect of essential oil of Origanum rotundifolium on some plant pathogenic bacteria, seed germination and plant growth of tomato

Science.gov (United States)

Dadaşoǧlu, Fatih; Kotan, Recep; Karagöz, Kenan; Dikbaş, Neslihan; Ćakmakçi, Ramazan; Ćakir, Ahmet; Kordali, Şaban; Özer, Hakan

2016-04-01

The aim of this study is to determine effect of Origanum rotundifolium's essential oil on some plant pathogenic bacterias, seed germination and plant growth of tomato. Xanthomonas axanopodis pv. vesicatoria strain (Xcv-761) and Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis strain (Cmm) inoculated to tomato seed. The seeds were tested for germination in vitro and disease severity and some plant growth parameters in vivo. In vitro assay, maximum seed germination was observed at 62,5 µl/ml essential oil treatment in seeds inoculated with Xcv-761 and at 62,5 µl/ml essential oil and streptomycin treatment in seeds inoculated with Cmm. The least infected cotiledon number was observed at 500 µg/ml streptomycin treatment in seeds inoculated with Cmm. In vivo assay, maximum seed germination was observed at 250 µl/ml essential oil teratment in tomato inoculated with Cmm. Lowest disease severity, is seen in the CMM infected seeds with 250 µl/ml essential oil application these results were statistically significant when compared with pathogen infected seeds. Similarly, in application conducted with XCV-761 infected seed, the lowest disease severity was observed for seeds as a result of 250 µl/ml essential oil application. Also according to the results obtained from essential oil application of CMM infected seeds conducted with 62,5 µl/ml dose; while disease severity was found statistically insignificant compared to 250 µl/ml to essential oil application, ıt was found statistically significant compared to pathogen infected seeds. The results showed that essential oil of O. rotundifolium has a potential for some suppressed plant disease when it is used in appropriate dose.

Progresividad o regresividad en materia de derechos económicos sociales y culturales. Claves para pensar Nuestramérica (2015 – 2019

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jerónimo Guerrero Iraola

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Los procesos sociales, económicos, políticos y, en definitiva, culturales que vive Latinoamérica en general y la República Argentina en particular deben llevar a indagar en torno a la necesidad de crear un “mapa del ejercicio de los derechos”. En relación con los derechos económicos, sociales y Culturales deben promoverse instancias colectivas de planificación, diseño y análisis de impacto que habiliten el debido contralor popular. Lo expuesto signado por el principio de “no regresividad” como norte ineludible en materia de promoción y protección de derechos fundamentales. En dicho contexto, las universidades detentan un rol fundamental en el diseño prospectivo de las estrategias y resortes para la consecución de los fines desarrollados.

Un sistema experto basado en minería de datos y programación entera lineal para soporte en la asignación de materias y diseño de horarios en educación superior

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Daniel Calle-López

2018-03-01

Full Text Available En general, varias de las organizaciones tienden a manejar la asignación de cargas horarias de sus empleados de manera tradicional (imposición de una jornada de trabajo de 8. Todo esto a fin de mantener cierto control sobre variables como asistencia y ausentismo del personal e incluso en algunos casos considerando aquello como sinónimo de eficacia laboral. Sin embargo, la nueva tendencia organizacional ha roto ciertos paradigmas  con orientación mecanicista, pretendiendo crear un nuevo horizonte hacia la construcción de organizaciones orgánicas y dinámicas. Por lo expuesto, en este artículo se describe una propuesta de sistema experto basado en programación entera lineal y minería de datos para abordar el problema de asignación de materias y el diseño de horarios (considerado un problema NP-completo. Los resultados preliminares son alentadores, ya que han permitido realizar la asignación de materias en una base de 133.000 registros de docentes y generar horarios con un mínimo de coste computacional.

Development of an Abbe Error Free Micro Coordinate Measuring Machine

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Qiangxian Huang

2016-04-01

Full Text Available A micro Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM with the measurement volume of 50 mm × 50 mm × 50 mm and measuring accuracy of about 100 nm (2σ has been developed. In this new micro CMM, an XYZ stage, which is driven by three piezo-motors in X, Y and Z directions, can achieve the drive resolution of about 1 nm and the stroke of more than 50 mm. In order to reduce the crosstalk among X-, Y- and Z-stages, a special mechanical structure, which is called co-planar stage, is introduced. The movement of the stage in each direction is detected by a laser interferometer. A contact type of probe is adopted for measurement. The center of the probe ball coincides with the intersection point of the measuring axes of the three laser interferometers. Therefore, the metrological system of the CMM obeys the Abbe principle in three directions and is free from Abbe error. The CMM is placed in an anti-vibration and thermostatic chamber for avoiding the influence of vibration and temperature fluctuation. A series of experimental results show that the measurement uncertainty within 40 mm among X, Y and Z directions is about 100 nm (2σ. The flatness of measuring face of the gauge block is also measured and verified the performance of the developed micro CMM.

Sustainable application of reciprocating gas engines operating on coal mine methane

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, J.; Teo, T. [Caterpillar China Investment Co., Beijing (China); Tnay, C.H. [Westrac Inc., Beijing (China)

2008-07-01

According to the World Coal Institute, coal provides 25 per cent of worldwide primary energy needs and generates 40 per cent of the world's electricity. China produces the largest amount of hard coal. The anthropogenic release of methane (CH{sub 4}) into the environment is a byproduct of the coal mining process. The global warming potential of this methane continues to draw attention around the world. In particular, China's government has recognized the need for environmental responsibility in the pursuit of greater power production. The Kyoto Protocol requires developed countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and targets must be met within a five-year time frame between 2008 and 2012. Sequestering coal mine methane (CMM) as an alternative fuel for reciprocating gas engine generator sets is a mature and proven technology for greenhouse gas mitigation. Prior to commissioning CMM-fueled power systems, the methane gas composition must be evaluated. An integrated systems approach can then be used to develop a CMM-fueled power project. This paper discussed the sustainable application of reciprocating gas engines operating on coal mine methane. It discussed the Kyoto Protocol, clean development mechanism, and CMM as compared to other fuel sources. It was concluded that there is considerable opportunity for growth in the Asia-Pacific region for electric power applications using CMM. 4 refs., 12 figs.

The Queensland study of Melanoma: Environmental and Genetic Associations (Q-MEGA). Study design, baseline characteristics, and repeatability of phenotype and sun exposure measures

Science.gov (United States)

Baxter, Amanda J.; Hughes, Maria Celia; Kvaskoff, Marina; Siskind, Victor; Shekar, Sri; Aitken, Joanne F.; Green, Adele C.; Duffy, David L.; Hayward, Nicholas K.; Martin, Nicholas G.; Whiteman, David C.

2013-01-01

Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is a major health issue in Queensland, Australia which has the world’s highest incidence. Recent molecular and epidemiologic studies suggest that CMM arises through multiple etiological pathways involving gene-environment interactions. Understanding the potential mechanisms leading to CMM requires larger studies than those previously conducted. This article describes the design and baseline characteristics of Q-MEGA, the Queensland study of Melanoma: Environmental and Genetic Associations, which followed-up four population-based samples of CMM patients in Queensland, including children, adolescents, men aged over 50, and a large sample of adult cases and their families, including twins. Q-MEGA aims to investigate the roles of genetic and environmental factors, and their interaction, in the etiology of melanoma. 3,471 participants took part in the follow-up study and were administered a computer-assisted telephone interview in 2002–2005. Updated data on environmental and phenotypic risk factors, and 2,777 blood samples were collected from interviewed participants as well as a subset of relatives. This study provides a large and well-described population-based sample of CMM cases with follow-up data. Characteristics of the cases and repeatability of sun exposure and phenotype measures between the baseline and the follow-up surveys, from six to 17 years later, are also described. PMID:18361720

Materias primas vs materia gris

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabio Aldemar Gómez Sierra

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Los alimentos y los combustibles, en la última década, sobre pasaron el límite de la demanda; la causa no es sólo la evolución demográfica, ni el cambio climático, también es el efecto de las emergentes y poderosas economías asiáticas, especialmente la China, que está aumentando la exigencia energética y consume más y mejores alimentos; 500 millones de ciudadanos chinos están en capacidad de requerirlos y de viajar por el mundo como turistas.

METODOLOGÍA DOCENTE Y EVALUACIÓN POR COMPETENCIAS: UNA EXPERIENCIA EN LA MATERIA DIRECCIÓN DE PRODUCCIÓN

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Martín-Peña, María Luz

2012-09-01

Full Text Available El diseño de los nuevos planes de estudio adaptados a las directrices del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES pretende acercar a los alumnos a la realidad empresarial, involucrarles más activamente en su proceso de aprendizaje y proporcionar un marco favorable para la adquisición de diversas competencias. Esto exige dise˜nar metodologías docentes más activas y establecer modelos de evaluación que permitan valorar la adquisición de competencias. El objetivo de este trabajo es doble, por un lado se pretenden identificar los métodos docentes que permiten la mejor adquisición de las competencias definidas para la materia Dirección de Producción en el marco del EEES y, por otro lado, plantear un modelo de evaluación satisfactorio para las mismas. El análisis empírico ha permitido demostrar la eficacia de los métodos docentes utilizados en el aula, así como evidenciar la importancia de la evaluación por competencias, lo que permite cumplir uno de los objetivos básicos del EEES.

Investigación de fuentes de información jurídica en materia de discriminación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alicia S. Cap

Full Text Available El objetivo del proyecto fue elaborar estrategias de búsqueda eficaces, con el objeto de seleccionar citas para la composición de una bibliografía referente a la discriminación en el ámbito laboral a personas afectadas de SIDA. Se analizaron los términos de indización utilizados y la estructura de las fuentes de información, tanto impresas cuanto electrónicas, de uso más frecuente en el ámbito jurídico de la Argentina. Mediante el estudio comparativo del tratamiento que cada fuente da al tema, respecto a estructuración y términos de indización, se llegó a una hipótesis de trabajo para efectuar búsquedas específicas en materia de doctrina, legislación y jurisprudencia. En conclusión, se comprueba la efectividad de analizar la nomenclatura jurídica de los diferentes repertorios, con el fin de ajustar las estrategias de búsqueda a dichos términos y obtenerse el mayor grado de pertinencia de la información requerida, en el menor tiempo de recuperación.

Las subvenciones de la administración local en materia de deporte en Cataluña

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Jesús Auré i Calvet

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Los poderes públicos catalanes, y muy en concreto los entes locales, desarrollan acciones de fomento del deporte mediante subvenciones para responder a las necesidades sociales y económicas de personas y entidades. A partir de la entrada en vigor de la Ley general de subvenciones de 2003, los ayuntamientos tuvieron que adaptar este tipo de colaboraciones a los principios que inspiran la normativa y a las obligaciones que esta establece. Las cuantías destinadas a las subvenciones ocupan un peso importante en los presupuestos municipales. De hecho, se trata de una técnica de intervención administrativa muy extendida. Es por eso que esta investigación no solo estudia el grado en que se cumplen algunos aspectos de la Ley que otorgan transparencia y objetividad al proceso de concesión, sino que también evalúa los criterios de otorgamiento más utilizados y los sistemas de valoración más comunes entre los ayuntamientos. La muestra incluye 56 bases de otorgamiento de subvenciones, publicadas durante el ejercicio 2011 y procedentes de municipios de las cuatro provincias de Cataluña. Por último, también se analiza el grado de correspondencia entre estos criterios y la normativa catalana en materia de deporte.

The Philosophy of Practice for Comprehensive Medication Management: Evaluating Its Meaning and Application by Practitioners.

Science.gov (United States)

Pestka, Deborah L; Sorge, Lindsay A; McClurg, Mary Roth; Sorensen, Todd D

2018-01-01

Philosophy of practice is the foundation of any patient care practice because it provides a set of professional values and beliefs that guide actions and decisions in practice. Study objectives were to understand how pharmacists providing comprehensive medication management (CMM) describe their philosophy of practice and compare how participants' philosophies align with predefined tenets of a CMM philosophy of practice. An instrument with closed and open-ended items was developed and administered online to the lead pharmacist at 36 clinics participating in a large CMM study. Participants were asked to describe their philosophy of practice, rate how well their current practice activities align with five predefined CMM philosophy of practice tenets, and provide examples of how they carry out each tenet and how they could improve. Responses were coded, and descriptive analysis was used to calculate participants' practice alignment with the five philosophy of practice tenets. Thirty pharmacists completed the instrument. Twelve codes emerged that participants used to describe their philosophy of practice. These codes were mapped to five predefined tenets of a philosophy of practice. Only 3 (10%) participants included all five tenets in their philosophy of practice, 8 (26.7%) included four, 8 (26.7%) included three, 6 (20%) included two, and 5 (16.7%) included one tenet. Overall, participants rated their alignment with the five tenets highly. "Embracing a patient-centered approach" received the highest mean score of 9.17/10; "Meeting a societal need" had the lowest mean score of 8.37/10. Participants described their philosophy of practice with significant variability. CMM requires a single and consistently applied philosophy of practice to guide practice and the role of the practitioner. We propose five core tenets that resulted from this assessment to be embraced by pharmacists providing CMM and included in their philosophy of practice. © 2017 Pharmacotherapy

A method for enabling real-time structural deformation in remote handling control system by utilizing offline simulation results and 3D model morphing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kiviranta, Sauli; Saarinen, Hannu; Maekinen, Harri; Krassi, Boris

2011-01-01

A full scale physical test facility, DTP2 (Divertor Test Platform 2) has been established in Finland for demonstrating and refining the Remote Handling (RH) equipment designs for ITER. The first prototype RH equipment at DTP2 is the Cassette Multifunctional Mover (CMM) equipped with Second Cassette End Effector (SCEE) delivered to DTP2 in October 2008. The purpose is to prove that CMM/SCEE prototype can be used successfully for the 2nd cassette RH operations. At the end of F4E grant 'DTP2 test facility operation and upgrade preparation', the RH operations of the 2nd cassette were successfully demonstrated to the representatives of Fusion For Energy (F4E). Due to its design, the CMM/SCEE robot has relatively large mechanical flexibilities when the robot carries the nine-ton-weighting 2nd Cassette on the 3.6-m long lever. This leads into a poor absolute accuracy and into the situation where the 3D model, which is used in the control system, does not reflect the actual deformed state of the CMM/SCEE robot. To improve the accuracy, the new method has been developed in order to handle the flexibilities within the control system's virtual environment. The effect of the load on the CMM/SCEE has been measured and minimized in the load compensation model, which is implemented in the control system software. The proposed method accounts for the structural deformations of the robot in the control system through the 3D model morphing by utilizing the finite element method (FEM) analysis for morph targets. This resulted in a considerable improvement of the CMM/SCEE absolute accuracy and the adequacy of the 3D model, which is crucially important in the RH applications, where the visual information of the controlled device in the surrounding environment is limited.

Soil thermal conductivity, organic matter, activity and microbial biomass in crops systems of passion fruit in Toro, Valle del Cauca, Colombia Conductividad térmica del suelo, materia orgánica, actividad y biomasa microbianas en sistemas de cultivo de maracuyá en Toro, Valle del Cauca

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Pérez Jesús

2007-03-01

Full Text Available The study evaluated the relationship among soil thermal conductivity (λ organic matter, activity and microbial biomass. In three systems of passion fruit crop (ecological, transitional and conventional in the municipality of Toro, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. In samples taken at random in two depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm, biological properties microbial activity (C-CO2; microbial biomass (microbial C - fumigation, extraction - and physical and chemical properties (organic matter, pH, humidity, texture, apparent density, porosity (traditional methods and thermal conductivity of the soil (electrothermal method were measured. The results were analyzed program SAS through models of lineal regression, LSD and Duncan. There were highly significant differences in organic matter, activity and microbial biomass and thermal conductivity of the soil at both depths.The most notorious among ecological and conventional crops. High correlations of direct proportionality were calculated among thermal conductivity of the soil (λ and soil organic matter, for the three crop systems. The ecological crop increased these properties and activity and microbial biomass. Key words: Passiflora edulis Sims var flavicarpa, crop systems, soil thermal conductivity, organic matter, activity and microbial biomass.El estudio evaluó la relación entre la conductividad térmica del suelo (λ, la materia orgánica, la actividad y la biomasa microbianas. En tres sistemas de cultivo de maracuyá (agroecológico, transición y convencional en el municipio de Toro (Valle del Cauca, en nueve puntos por manejo se tomaron muestras al azar a dos profundidades (0-15 y 15-30 cm y se midieron propiedades biológicas: (actividad microbiana (C-CO2; biomasa microbiana (C microbiano –fumigación, extracción– y propiedades físicas y químicas (materia orgánica, pH, humedad, textura, densidad aparente, porosidad (métodos tradicionales y conductividad térmica del suelo (m

El ensayo Ars Medica de John Locke, y la influencia de sus ideas médicas sobre la filosofía empirista

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Sánchez González, Miguel Ángel

2014-06-01

Full Text Available John Locke’s essay Ars medica of 1669, is presented, analyzed and translated into Spanish. This essay shows the medical problems that prompted Locke´s philosophy and provides essential clues to understanding the motives, aims and characteristics of the empiricist`s theory of knowledge. Ideas originated in medicine that profoundly influenced subsequent Locke`s works were: 1 Trust in the perfectibility of science and elucidation of the role that philosophical thinking could play. 2 Rejection of knowledge deduced from principles, hypotheses or maxims. 3 Reliance on a «plain historical method» for the production of knowledge, which tried to register facts descriptively, while abandoning the study of ultimate causes. 4 Use of a three-part classification of the sciences that enthrones semiotics, medical science par excellence, and defines it as a mere knowledge of the signs of things, that is not intended to discern either essences or substances. Locke, in his epistemology, applies to all scientific knowledge the medical theory of the signs of illnesses. He envisions all possible science as a mere descriptive knowledge of signs; and thinks that knowledge is probabilistic, analogous and pragmatic.Se presenta, analiza y traduce por primera vez al castellano, el ensayo Ars Medica escrito por John Locke en 1669. Este ensayo muestra los problemas médicos que dieron origen al conjunto de la filosofía de Locke; y ofrece claves esenciales para comprender los motivos, las metas y los rasgos de la teoría del conocimiento empirista. Ideas originariamente médicas que tuvieron una repercusión directa en la obra posterior de Locke fueron: 1 Confianza en la perfectibilidad de la ciencia y elucidación del papel que la reflexión filosófica podía desempeñar en ello. 2 Rechazo del conocimiento deducido de principios, hipótesis o máximas. 3 El método «histórico simple» para edificar el conocimiento; que intentaba registrar los hechos descriptivamente

Análisis de la política exterior norteamericana hacia Turquía, en materia de seguridad, y su influencia en el Kurdistán. Periodo 2003-2009

OpenAIRE

Gómez Pedroza, Ivonne Cecilia

2016-01-01

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los elementos que articulan la Política Exterior de los Estados Unidos hacia Turquía, en materia de seguridad, y su influencia en el Kurdistán, ya que en el periodo 2003-2009 se presentaron acontecimientos que marcaron la vida política, económica, militar y social de la región del Medio Oriente, caracterizado por la presencia de los Estados Unidos. Esta investigación se desarrollara de acuerdo con el modelo de monografía, para dar un análisis teórico ...

Cutaneous malignant melanoma show geographic and socioeconomic disparities in stage at diagnosis and excess mortality

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Strömberg, Ulf; Peterson, Stefan; Holmberg, Erik

2016-01-01

Background Preventive measures are needed to counteract the increasing burden of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). As a basis for rational melanoma prevention, we investigated geographic differences and impact from socioeconomic factors related to incidence, clinical stage at diagnosis...... and the national Melanoma Quality Register. Geographic and socioeconomic differences in incidence per stage at diagnosis were mapped and correlated to excess mortality. Results Disease mapping based on 9743 cases in 99 municipalities and 20 metropolitan districts showed marked, regional disparities in stage.......37-2.40). Conclusion Residential region and educational level influenced CMM stage and, thereby, excess mortality. These observations suggest that geographic as well as socioeconomic data should be considered in prevention of CMM....

Xilazina como pré-medicação para anestesia com tiopental sódico em cães Xylazine as a pre-medicant for thiopental sodium anaesthesia in the dog

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Orlando Ribeiro Prado Filho

2000-06-01

Full Text Available A xilazina produz um bom efeito sedativo-analgésico quando associado à drogas anestésicas. O tiopental sódico é um barbitúrico de curta duração que produz sonolência, sedação e hipnose. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a eficiência da associação da xilazina como pré-medicação e do tiopental sódico na manutenção da anestesia, em cães. Foram usados 32 cães sem raça definida, adultos, machos e com peso entre 8 e 10 kg, que foram submetidos à procedimento operatório no esôfago cervical. A dose média de xilazina administrada foi de 3,8 mg/kg e de tiopental sódico foi de 7,7 mg/kg. Não houve necessidade de intubação endotraqueal e não ocorreu óbito relacionado com as medicações anestésicas. Concluindo, o procedimento anestésico descrito é de fácil execução, é seguro e diminui o estresse do animal.The xylazine produce reliable sedative-analgesic effect when coadministered with anesthetics drugs. Thiopental sodium is a shorter duration barbituric, produced somnolence, sedation and hypnosis. The aim of this work is to verify the efficiency in association of xylazine and thiopental sodium to anesthesia in dogs. Thirty-two male mongrel dogs with an average weight between 8 and 10 kg were submitted to surgical procedure with approach of cervical aesophagus. The average dose was 3,8 mg/kg to xilazine and 7,7 mg/kg to thiopental sodium. Was not necessary endotracheal intubation and no deaths due anesthesic procedure were observed. The anesthesic procedure described is easy, safe and decreases the stress of the animal.

Nueva estructura para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la materia de enfermería clínica en los estudios de Grado de Enfermería

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Anna Falcó-Pegueroles

Full Text Available En el Grado de Enfermería, los cambios requeridos para la adaptación al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior se han orientado a la introducción de novedades metodológicas que han propiciado la génesis de nuevos enfoques para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, con el objetivo último de disminuir los desajustes que en algunas ocasiones se han detectado entre la teoría y la práctica. En esta línea, partiendo de las necesidades actuales de la formación en relación a la materia de enfermería clínica del grado y de las competencias profesionales, se inició un proceso de reflexión y análisis que originó una nueva estructura organizativa de la materia. Este nuevo enfoque nace con el objetivo fundamental de mejorar la docencia de la enfermería clínica, actualizando la forma de enseñar la enfermería y los cuidados enfermeros. Lejos del modelo biomédico centrado en la enfermedad que ha imperado hasta ahora, el nuevo enfoque parte de una visión profundamente enfermera y, en consecuencia, hace explícitos los cuidados de la persona con un trastorno real o potencial de la salud. Los resultados de la implementación de esta nueva estructura en la asignatura 'Enfermería clínica I' de segundo curso de grado ponen de manifiesto que hay una mejora en la precisión diagnóstica y en la etapa de planificación del proceso enfermero, así como en la identificación de la responsabilidad profesional en los ejes autónomo e interdisciplinar.

The electronics in fluorescent bulbs and light emitting diodes (LED), rather than ultraviolet radiation, cause increased malignant melanoma incidence in indoor office workers and tanning bed users.

Science.gov (United States)

Milham, Samuel; Stetzer, Dave

2018-07-01

The epidemiology of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) has a number of facets that do not fit with sunlight and ultraviolet light as the primary etiologic agents. Indoor workers have higher incidence and mortality rates of CMM than outdoor workers; CMM occurs in body locations never exposed to sunlight; CMM incidence is increasing in spite of use of UV blocking agents and small changes in solar radiation. Installation of two new fluorescent lights in the milking parlor holding area of a Minnesota dairy farm in 2015 caused an immediate drop in milk production. This lead to measurement of body amperage in humans exposed to modern non-incandescent lighting. People exposed to old and new fluorescent lights, light emitting diodes (LED) and compact fluorescent lights (CFL) had body amperage levels above those considered carcinogenic. We hypothesize that modern electric lighting is a significant health hazard, a carcinogen, and is causing increasing CMM incidence in indoor office workers and tanning bed users. These lights generate dirty electricity (high frequency voltage transients), radio frequency (RF) radiation, and increase body amperage, all of which have been shown to be carcinogenic. This could explain the failure of ultraviolet blockers to stem the malignant melanoma pandemic. Tanning beds and non-incandescent lighting could be made safe by incorporating a grounded Faraday cage which allows passage of ultraviolet and visible light frequencies and blocks other frequencies. Modern electric lighting should be fabricated to be electrically clean. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Características generales, propiedades, yacimientos y aplicaciones de pirofilita. II. Yacimientos, aplicaciones y utilización como materia prima cerámica

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Sánchez Soto, P. J.

1998-10-01

Full Text Available In this work, the main world deposits of pyrophyllite are indicated according to the literature, showing the available production data. It is emphasized the research focusing on mining and characterization of raw materials containing pyrophyllite, which shows a marked applied interest. It is described and reviewed the most relevant applications of pyrophyllite and pyrophyllite raw materials, in especial refractories and ceramics, fillers, building materials, catalysts and as a high-pressure medium for synthesis of materials. Finally, it is also described and reviewed its use as raw material for the preparation of advanced materials, such as sialon, emphasizing the possibilities of application of pyrophyllite raw materials in our country as a result of distinct investigations of relevant interest performed by several Research Institutes and University Departments. It is deduced that pyrophyllite and pyrophyllite raw materials are increasing in relative importance in many applied fields, as compared with other layer silicates, such as talc and kaolinite.

En este trabajo se indican los principales yacimientos mundiales de pirofilita según la bibliografía, los datos de producción disponibles, además de revisar las investigaciones más destacadas sobre prospección y caracterización de materias primas que contienen pirofilita y que presentan un marcado interés aplicado. Se realiza una amplia revisión de las principales aplicaciones a las que se destinan dichas materias primas, en especial para la preparación de materiales cerámicos y refractarios, su uso como carga, en la construcción, obtención de catalizadores y síntesis de materiales a alta presión debido a sus propiedades. Por último, se describen y revisan sus aplicaciones en la preparación de nuevos materiales y materiales avanzados, como son los sialones, destacando su potencial de utilización en nuestro país como resultado de diversas investigaciones de inter

Claudia Demattè and Alberto del Río, Parodia de la materia caballeresca y teatro áureo. Edición de Las aventuras de Grecia y su modelo serio, el «Don Florisel de Niquea» de Montalbán

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Javier Guijarro Ceballos

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Review of Claudia Demattè and Alberto del Río, Parodia de la materia caballeresca y teatro áureo. Edición de Las aventuras de Grecia y su modelo serio, el «Don Florisel de Niquea» de Montalbán, Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra (Publicaciones digitales del GRISO, Pamplona, 2012, 247 pp. ISBN: 9788480813365.

Model documentation Coal Market Module of the National Energy Modeling System

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-04-30

This report documents objectives and conceptual and methodological approach used in the development of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Coal Market Module (CMM) used to develop the Annual Energy Outlook 1996 (AEO96). This report catalogues and describes the assumptions, methodology, estimation techniques, and source code of CMM`s three submodules: Coal Production Submodule, Coal Export Submodule, and Coal Distribution Submodule.

A 3-Year Follow-up of Sun Behavior in Patients With Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Idorn, Luise Winkel; Datta, Pameli; Heydenreich, Jakob

2014-01-01

IMPORTANCE UV radiation (UVR) exposure is the primary environmental risk factor for developing cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). OBJECTIVE To measure changes in sun behavior from the first until the third summer after the diagnosis of CMM using matched controls as a reference. DESIGN, SETTING...... that measured time-related UVR in standard erythema dose (SED) and corresponding sun diaries (mean, 74 days per participant each participation year). RESULTS Patients' daily UVR dose and UVR dose in connection with various behaviors increased during follow-up (quantified as an increase in daily UVR dose each...... suggest that patients with CMM do not maintain a cautious sun behavior in connection with an increase in UVR exposure, especially on days with body exposure, when abroad, and on holidays....

Materias primas no tradicionales en la industria cerámica

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Caligaris, R.

2000-10-01

cerámicos con el fin de mejorar sus propiedades finales. Todos los compactos, obtenidos por prensado uniaxial de estos polvos, recibieron tratamientos térmicos adecuados a sus composiciones, para luego ser caracterizados por diversas técnicas entre las que se pueden mencionar: dilatometría, difracción de rayos X, porosidad, microdureza, microscopías óptica y electrónica de barrido y análisis por dispersión de energías. Del análisis de los resultados obtenidos en estos estudios, se concluyó que los materiales ensayados constituyen una potencial fuente de materia prima para la industria cerámica.

Percepción de profesores y estudiantes de 3º ESO sobre el uso de analogías en el estudio de los estados de agregación de la materia

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Josefa Rubio Cascales

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Se presenta la valoración que 5 profesores y 218 estudiantes de 3º ESO hacen de las analogías incluidas en una propuesta de enseñanza para el estudio de los estados de agregación. Con las analogías como recurso didáctico se pretendía que los alumnos comprendieran el modelo cinético molecular de la materia necesario para justificar las propiedades de sólidos, líquidos y gases, y su comportamiento durante los cambios de estado. Se utilizaron diferentes analogías (batallón militar, pista de baile, partido de fútbol y clase de educación física, con una estrategia didáctica que evoluciona desde la presentación de la analogía por el profesor a la construcción de la analogía por los estudiantes. Para valorar las analogías se ha diferenciado el grado en que se comprenden y se consideran adecuadas, viables e interesantes para la enseñanza de las ciencias. Tanto profesores como alumnos han valorado positivamente las analogías empleadas; los primeros comparten su intencionalidad y dificultad didáctica, y los segundos consideran que las analogías son una herramienta útil que les ayuda no solo a comprender el modelo cinético molecular sino a explicar las propiedades y cambios de los estados de agregación de la materia, es decir, el fenómeno en sí mismo.

Presentation of the DosePet application (APP) for use in Nuclear Medicine: calculation of the amount of medicament for PET / CT patients; Apresentacao do aplicativo DosedPet para uso em Medicina Nuclear: calculo do volume de medicamento necessario para paciente de PETCT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nascimento, Pedro Augusto do; Rodrigues, Araken dos S. Werneck, E-mail: pedroan88@gmail.com [Universidade de Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, DF (Brazil). Faculdade Ceilandia. Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencias e Tecnologias em Saude

2016-07-01

This paper presents the application (APP) DosePet that calculates the amount of medicament for PET / CT in patients according to the predetermined radiation dose. The software has been designed using the web MIT App Inventor2 tool for Android platform. The application allows the workers to simulate the amount of radiation still existing in the premises after the applications, increasing security and reducing exposures, and enable greater efficiency in the use of the radiopharmaceutical. (author)

The role of traditional healers in the provision of health care and family planning services: Ayurveda and Sidda.

Science.gov (United States)

Bin Mohammed, A; Abdul Raheem, K P; Kaivalyam, K

1985-01-01

The Ayurvedic manuscript was first composed in Sanskrit by Agnivesha, an individual who lived sometime before 750 B.C. The Ayurveda contains instructions on how to live in order to prevent the occurrence of sickness and how to cure it, if illness arises. The medical work of Ayurveda is comprised of elements of Physiology, Pathology, Pharmacology, Materia Medica, and Surgery, among others. It originally consisted of 100 sections each with 1000 stanzas comprising up to 100,000 verses in eight books. All recent medical works on Ayurveda are based upon the writings of Charaka and Sushruta, who rearranged the books into chapters on surgery, nosology, anatomy, therapeutics, toxicology, and local diseases. The authors explain the use of traditional medicine for health and family planning, and the extent of self-medication in sections on the role of Ayurvedic medicine for health, clinics and medical centers on Ayurveda in Malaysia, oleo-therapy/massage through the application of medicated oil and liniment, institutions and laboratories, research, the extent of self-medication, family planning, and Malaysian Ayurvedic or the Siddha practice of contraception.

Discourse on pulse in medieval Persia--the Hidayat of Al-Akhawayni (?-983 A D.).

Science.gov (United States)

Khodadoust, Kazem; Ardalan, Mohammadreza; Ghabili, Kamyar; Golzari, Samad E J; Eknoyan, Garabed

2013-06-20

In a period of compilation, original observations and expansion (900-1100 A.D.), Persians described new clinical manifestations of the diseases and expanded the earlier knowledge of materia medica. In the epoch of the Arabic language domination in the scientific literature of this period, advent of medical authors to write in Farsi shined in the Persian principalities. Akhawayani Bokhari was by far the most outstanding scholar of the time who wrote one of the earliest pandects of medicine of the period, the Hidayat al-Mutallimin fi al-Tibb (Learner's Guide to Medicine) in new Persian. The Hidayat is a relatively short and simplified digest of medicine at the time providing a glimpse of high level of medical education at the Samanid period (819-999). The present article is a translation of the sections of the Hidayat related to the pulse and its characters and conditions affecting the pulse in an attempt to increase our knowledge of the medicine, and particularly the pulse examination throughout the medieval era. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Study on pharmacologic action characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines distributed along liver meridian based on medicinal properties combinations].

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, Hong-Ling; Gu, Hao; Wang, Yun; Qiao, Yan-Jiang

2014-07-01

To establish a characterization system of traditional Chinese medicinal properties in line with modern scientific cognition regularity, in order to reveal properties of traditional Chinese medicines distributed along liver meridian and relations of effects of medicinal properties. By collecting data about traditional Chinese medicinal properties recorded in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2005 Edition), literature and data about pharmacological effects of traditional Chinese medicines recorded in the Chinese Materia Medica, by using the method of association rules, the authors dug pharmacological effect rules corresponds to relevant medicinal property combinations, with the medicinal property combination of traditional Chinese medicines distributed along liver meridian as the target. It was found that either obvious different pharmacological effects or identical pharmacological characteristics existed in traditional Chinese medicines distributed along liver meridian. With the aim to explore the correlations between traditional Chinese medicine medicinal properties and pharmacological effects, the authors linked the traditional Chinese medicine theory with modern research achievements, in order to provide the ideas and methods for interpreting mechanisms of medicinal properties.

The medical ethnobotany of Lesotho: a review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Moteetee

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Traditional healing in Lesotho is reviewed, focusing on four aspects: 1, cultural practices; 2, traditional health care practitioners; 3, dosage forms; 4, the materia medica. Cultural practices are strongly associated with the belief that intangible forces are responsible for human happiness and misery. A total of 303 plant species are used medicinally (including 25 alien species, representing eight pteridophyte and 75 angiosperm families, of which the most important are Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Apocynaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Lamiaceae and Poaceae. Dicoma anomala (used mainly for digestive ailments and Artemisia afra (used mainly for respiratory ailments appear to be the best known and most widely used medicinal plants amongst a total of 37 species that have been cited four or more times in the literature. About 50 species are variously employed for magic and sorcery. There are no new species records but 36 new uses are reported. Our conclusion is that the medicinal plants of Lesotho are relatively well recorded and that this review will allow detailed comparisons with other African healing cultures.

Homeopathy and systematics: a systematic analysis of the therapeutic effects of the plant species used in homeopathy.

Science.gov (United States)

Bharatan, V

2008-07-01

The therapeutic effects of the plant species used in homeopathy have never been subjected to systematic analysis. A survey of the various Materiae Medicae shows that over 800 plant species are the source of medicines in homeopathy. As these medicines are considered related to one another with respect to their therapeutic effects for treating similar symptoms, the aim is to classify and map them using the concept of homology. This involves placing the discipline of homeopathy into a comparative framework using these plant medicines as taxa, therapeutic effects as characters, and contemporary cladistic techniques to analyse these relationships. The results are compared using cladograms based on different data sets used in biology (e.g. morphological characters and DNA sequences) to test whether similar cladistic patterns exist among these medicines. By classifying the therapeutic actions, genuine homologies can be distinguished from homoplasies. As this is a comparative study it has been necessary first to update the existing nomenclature of the plant species in the homeopathic literature in line with the current International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.

Adaptação multicêntrica do guia para a gestão autônoma da medicação

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosana Teresa Onocko Campos

2012-12-01

Full Text Available O uso crescente de psicofármacos e o baixo empowerment dos usuários mostram-se críticos à qualificação da assistência em Saúde Mental no Brasil. Este estudo, abrangendo três cidades brasileiras, objetivou a elaboração do Guia Brasileiro da Gestão Autônoma da Medicação (GGAM-BR, com base na tradução e adaptação de guia desenvolvido no Canadá; e a avaliação dos efeitos do uso do GGAM-BR na formação de trabalhadores de saúde mental. Constituíram-se grupos de intervenção (GIs para compartilhamento das experiências com tratamento medicamentoso, a partir dos temas propostos no guia; e foram realizados grupos focais antes e após os GIs. Importantes mudanças em relação ao texto original do guia Canadense foram implementadas, levando em conta a realidade brasileira. Constatou-se que o GGAM-BR constitui estratégia potente de fomento à participação ativa dos usuários na gestão do tratamento e do serviço, incidindo positivamente na formação de trabalhadores.

Cancer immunology and canine malignant melanoma: A comparative review.

Science.gov (United States)

Atherton, Matthew J; Morris, Joanna S; McDermott, Mark R; Lichty, Brian D

2016-01-01

Oral canine malignant melanoma (CMM) is a spontaneously occurring aggressive tumour with relatively few medical treatment options, which provides a suitable model for the disease in humans. Historically, multiple immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at provoking both innate and adaptive anti-tumour immune responses have been published with varying levels of activity against CMM. Recently, a plasmid DNA vaccine expressing human tyrosinase has been licensed for the adjunct treatment of oral CMM. This article reviews the immunological similarities between CMM and the human counterpart; mechanisms by which tumours evade the immune system; reasons why melanoma is an attractive target for immunotherapy; the premise of whole cell, dendritic cell (DC), viral and DNA vaccination strategies alongside preliminary clinical results in dogs. Current "gold standard" treatments for advanced human malignant melanoma are evolving quickly with remarkable results being achieved following the introduction of immune checkpoint blockade and adoptively transferred cell therapies. The rapidly expanding field of cancer immunology and immunotherapeutics means that rational targeting of this disease in both species should enhance treatment outcomes in veterinary and human clinics. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Climate change and energy policies, coal and coalmine methane in China

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yang Ming [3E and T International, Suite 1506, Building No. 10, Luo Ma Shi Street, Xuanwu District, Beijing 100052 (China)], E-mail: ming.yang7@gmail.com

2009-08-15

The Chinese government has made many energy policies on coal, and coalmine methane (CMM) use. However, not all of these policies have effects or positive impacts. For example, it has been quite a few years since the national government made policies to encourage coalmine methane power to be sold to the grid. Practice showed that not any kilowatt of electricity was sold from a coalmine methane power plant to the grid in Sichuan and Guizhou Provinces as of December 2008. The objectives of this paper are to review and evaluate the Chinese government energy and climate policies that are related to coal and coalmine methane, analyze relevant policy barriers, and make recommendations to overcome these barriers and avoid policy failures. This paper provides the literature review, challenges, resources, policies and other updated information on China's CMM recovery and utilization. The paper concludes that China needs to further reform its energy and environment management system, engage provincial governments in CMM capture and use activities, and provide incentives to qualified engineers and skilled workers to work in remote coal mining areas. This paper transfers key messages to policy makers for them to make better CMM capture and use policies.

Climate change and energy policies, coal and coalmine methane in China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Ming

2009-01-01

The Chinese government has made many energy policies on coal, and coalmine methane (CMM) use. However, not all of these policies have effects or positive impacts. For example, it has been quite a few years since the national government made policies to encourage coalmine methane power to be sold to the grid. Practice showed that not any kilowatt of electricity was sold from a coalmine methane power plant to the grid in Sichuan and Guizhou Provinces as of December 2008. The objectives of this paper are to review and evaluate the Chinese government energy and climate policies that are related to coal and coalmine methane, analyze relevant policy barriers, and make recommendations to overcome these barriers and avoid policy failures. This paper provides the literature review, challenges, resources, policies and other updated information on China's CMM recovery and utilization. The paper concludes that China needs to further reform its energy and environment management system, engage provincial governments in CMM capture and use activities, and provide incentives to qualified engineers and skilled workers to work in remote coal mining areas. This paper transfers key messages to policy makers for them to make better CMM capture and use policies.

Influencia de la alteración meteórica de dos carbones coquizables con contenido medio de materia volátil en la calidad del coque producido

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Casal, M. D.

1998-02-01

Full Text Available The study of the weathering of two bituminous coals stored at the INCAR stockyard and its influence on coke quality is presented. These coals of similar rank are present in industrial blends used by the Corporación Siderúrgica Integral (CSI for the production of blast-furnace coke. Of all the techniques used to determine the degree of weathering, via thermoplastic properties, Gieseler plastometry was found to be the most sensitive. Coking tests were carried out in the semi-industrial coking plant at INCAR. The effect of weathering on each coal series is completely different. Weathering produces a loss of maximum fluidity accompanied by a decrease in aliphatic hydrogen in both coals. However, the loss rate is different in each case. Coke quality clearly decreases in one, while in the other improves at first but then gradually deteriorates. An improvement in coke quality due to weathering not only affects some high-volatile coals as it is well known but also medium volatile coals.

Se presenta el estudio de la alteración meteórica de dos carbones bituminosos con contenido medio de materia volátil y de diferente origen geográfico, que han sido almacenados a la intemperie en el Parque del INCAR. Ambos carbones son constituyentes de las mezclas de carbones coquizables utilizadas por la Corporación Siderúrgica Integral (CSI para la producción de coque de horno alto. Entre las técnicas utilizadas para detectar el grado de meteorización de dichos carbones, la fluidez máxima Gieseler es el indicador más sensible para detectar la pérdida de propiedades plásticas. Ambas series de carbones presentan diferente comportamiento frente a la meteorización. Si bien la alteración meteórica provoca una pérdida de fluidez máxima con el tiempo de almacenamiento, debido a una pérdida de hidrógeno alifático en los dos carbones, ésta se produce a diferente velocidad. Estas diferencias se ponen de manifiesto en la calidad de los coques

Sometimes, economic arguments provide better conditions for achieving energy efficiency in transport (A remarkable new market based approach on Commuter Mobility Management makes accessibility and energy efficiency go hand in hand)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Elburg, Henk van

2003-01-01

Commuter Mobility Management (CMM) is broadly regarded as one of the most potential instruments to reduce the negative effects of mass commuting on the environment and energy demand. Until now, only 4% of private enterprise implemented CMM in the Netherlands. Business community turned out to be very reluctant in embracing CMM as a workable method. National employers' federations, representing more than 90% of employment in private sector, pictured CMM as a laborious and not effective instrument. Novem realised that the real issue was not so much about the practicability of the instrument, but more about the environmental and energy related arguments being used by the government. Novem took the initiative and invited the employers federations to participate in a unique project: the development of a Standard Set of CMM-incentives. In this project, environmental and energy related arguments were tactically avoided. The target scenario was to convince business community strictly with economic arguments. The project showed remarkable results. The influential employers' federations became more co-operative and accepted a 'Standard Set of incentives'. While not emphasising it, the 'hidden' positive effect on energy conservation is still substantial: 5% reduction of single occupant vehicle-trips during rush hours, each 'switcher' saving an average of 7,200 single occupant car kilometres each year. By 2010 this could nation wide result in a reduction of approximately 3PJ, about 4,3% of all energy used by private car travel in mass commuting. This explains the title: 'Sometimes, economic arguments provide better conditions for achieving energy efficiency in transport'

[Research on resources chemistry of Chinese medicinal materials and resources recycling utilization ways and goals and tasks].

Science.gov (United States)

Duan, Jin-ao; Su, Shu-lan; Guo, Sheng; Jiang, Shu; Liu, Pei; Yan, Hui; Qian, Da-wei; Zhu, Hua-xu; Tang, Yu-ping; Wu, Qi-nan

2015-09-01

The objects of research on the resources chemistry of Chinese medicinal materials (RCCMM) are promotion of efficient production, rational utilization and improving quality of CMM and natural products. The development of TCM cause depends on the efficient utilization and sustainable development of CMM, hinges on the technologies and methods for using and discovering medicinal biological resources, stand or fall on the extension of industy chains, detailed utilizaion of resource chemical components by multi-way, multi-level. All of these may help to the recycling utilization and sound development of RCMM. In this article, five respects were discussed to the RCCMM researches and resources recycling utilization ways and goals and tasks. First, based on the principle of resource scarcity, discovering or replacing CMM resources, protecting the rare or endangered species or resources. Second, based on the multifunctionality of CMM, realizing the value-added and value compensation, and promoting the utilization efficiency through systermatic and detailed exploitation and utilization. Third, based on the resource conservation and environment-friendly, reducing raw material consumption, lowering cost, promoting recycling utilization and elevating utilization efficiency. Fourth, based on the stratege of turning harm into good, using the invasive alien biological resources by multi-ways and enriching the medicial resources. Fifth, based on the method of structure modification of chemical components, exploring and enhancing the utility value of resouces chemical substances. These data should provide references and attention for improving the utilization efficiency, promoting the development of recycling economy, and changing the mode of economic growth of agriculture and industry of CMM fundamentally.

Artrosis de cadera: tratamiento no protésico y alternativas de manejo con células madres mesenquimáticas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dr. P. Rodrigo Mardones

2014-09-01

Full Text Available La artrosis de cadera, ya sea focal o generalizada, constituye una patología frecuente y de difícil manejo, que genera dolor y discapacidad. El tratamiento médico está basado en el uso de analgésicos y antiinflamatorios, incluyendo aquellos de origen natural. Sin embargo, además de las complicaciones asociadas a su uso prolongado, a medida que la enfermedad avanza se van haciendo menos efectivos. En este punto cobra importancia las alternativas intervencionales de diferente grado. El tratamiento se dificulta debido a la localización y esfericidad de la articulación y generalmente está limitado a la artroplastia total de cadera en artrosis generalizada. Previo a ésta, existen alternativas para el tratamiento de lesiones condrales profundas o artrosis focal que incluyen la resección, debridamiento, condroplastía térmica y/o microfracturas con o sin coadyudancia biológica (Ácido Hialurónico, Plasma Rico en Plaquetas (PRP y Células Madre Mesenquimáticas (CMM. Esta revisión se enfoca en el uso de nuevas tecnologías que pudieran mejorar los resultados obtenidos con las técnicas convencionales, incluyendo las infiltraciones (Corticoides/Ácido Hialurónico/PRP/CMM. Se detalla el uso de terapias biológicas en base al uso de CMM, correspondientes a las inyecciones intraarticulares de CMM expandidas, concentrado de células mononucleares en una matriz de PRP y CMM expandidas sembradas en una membrana de colágeno.

Enhancing the Benefit of the Chemical Mixture Methodology: A Report on Methodology Testing and Potential Approaches for Improving Performance

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yu, Xiao-Ying; Yao, Juan; He, Hua; Glantz, Clifford S.; Booth, Alexander E.

2012-01-01

Extensive testing shows that the current version of the Chemical Mixture Methodology (CMM) is meeting its intended mission to provide conservative estimates of the health effects from exposure to airborne chemical mixtures. However, the current version of the CMM could benefit from several enhancements that are designed to improve its application of Health Code Numbers (HCNs) and employ weighting factors to reduce over conservatism.

La autonomía del paciente y los derechos en materia de información y documentación clínica en el contexto de la Ley 41/2002

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cesáreo García Ortega

2004-01-01

Full Text Available La Ley 41/2002 Reguladora de la Autonomía del Paciente y de Derechos y Obligaciones en Materia de Información y Documentación Sanitaria, reglamenta cuestiones que la Ley General de Sanidad de 1986 trataba de forma insuficiente, como el derecho a la información sanitaria, el consentimiento informado, la documentación sanitaria, la historia clínica y demás información clínica. Así mismo, clasifica las formas de limitación de la capacidad y atribuye a los médicos la competencia de evaluarla. En consonancia con el Convenio de Oviedo sobre los Derechos del Hombre y la Biomedicina, recoge los principios rectores de la nueva bioética, como son el derecho a la intimidad de la información relativa a la salud de las personas, las voluntades anticipadas, el derecho a la autonomía del paciente y su participación en la toma de decisiones, la negativa a tratamiento o la mayoría de edad para las decisiones sanitarias en los adolescentes. Dicha ley, de carácter básico estatal, supone un gran avance en las relaciones médico-enfermo, y deberá ser desarrollada en numerosos aspectos por las diferentes Comunidades Autónomas. La finalidad del presente trabajo es una descripción de éste texto legal, y analizar su repercusión en las relaciones del ciudadano, los profesionales sanitarios y el Sistema Nacional de Salud en materia de información y documentación clínica.

Clinical value of FDG-PET in cutaneous malignant melanoma: First experience in Estonia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nazarenko, S.; Niin, M.; Paats, A.; Tonnov, A.

2004-01-01

Full text: In November 2002 first 18F-FDG-PET was performed in Estonia using a mobile truck-mounted scanning technology (Accel, Siemens) provided by the International Healthcare Group (IHG, Amersfoort, Netherlands). The FDG was provided by MAP Medical Technologies, Schering, (Helsinki, Finland). In 2003 this scheme was repeated for further scanning sessions. Evaluation of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) using nuclear technique is of particular interest in Estonia as its incidence is on the rise. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in CMM has a well-documented high diagnostic accuracy, especially in staging of the disease. The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of 18F-FDG-PET on detailed staging and clinical management in CMM. 30 patients of CMM, 16 males and 14 females, all non-diabetic, in the age range of 26 to 69 years were studied. Of these 30 patients, 12 were of high risk primary CMM, 7 had regional lymph node metastases and 11 had distant metastases. Patients were asked to consume a low-carbohydrate diet 3 days prior to the FDG-PET scan. 194 to 410 MBq (average 335 MBq) 18F-FDG was administered to the patients who were asked to come fasting for a minimum of 6 hours. Whole body scan was performed 40 to 65 minutes after the administration of FDG on the mobile PET. In 13 of the 30 patients (43%) 18F-FDG-PET changed the staging. In remaining 17 patients (57%) 18F-FDG-PET increased confidence level for the chosen treatment. Lymphadenectomy was planned in 2 patients showing lymph node involvement on FDG-PET. In other 2 patients, one with small pulmonary and other with a liver lesions found on PET but negative on radiological examination 'wait-and-watch' strategy was chosen. An unexpected hypermetabolic lesion seen in 1 case turned out to be a benign focus of connective tissue. One patient shown to have multiple distant metastases was started on chemotherapy. Finally in 8 of the 30 (27%) patients an immediate positive

Sun behaviour after cutaneous malignant melanoma

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Idorn, L W; Datta, P; Heydenreich, J

2013-01-01

Background  It has been reported that patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) can lower their risk of a second primary melanoma by limiting recreational sun exposure. Previous studies based on questionnaires and objective surrogate measurements indicate that before their diagnosis......, patients with CMM are exposed to higher ultraviolet radiation (UVR) doses than controls, followed by a reduction after diagnosis. Objectives  In a prospective, observational case-control study, we aimed to assess sun exposure after diagnosis of CMM by objective measurements to substantiate advice about sun...... months and 6 years before the start of the study. During a summer season participants filled in sun exposure diaries daily and wore personal electronic UVR dosimeters in a wristwatch that continuously measured time-stamped UVR doses in standard erythema dose. Results  The UVR dose of recently diagnosed...

Psicología Jurídica-forense y juicios orales en materia penal: Perspectivas, riesgos y desafíos/Law-forensic psychology and oral proceedings in criminal matters: Outlook, risks, and challenges

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eric García-López

2011-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se plantea una reseña acerca de la necesaria y conveniente reflexión sobre el papel de la Psicología Jurídica y Forense en México, especialmente a raíz de la entrada en vigor de los juicios orales en materia penal. El planteamiento contempla algunas de las perspectivas que ofrece la Psicología Jurídica en este sentido, determinados y posibles riesgos en el ejercicio de la Psicología Forense y los principales desafíos de dicha disciplina científica.

Maximizing your Process Improvement ROI through Harmonization

Science.gov (United States)

2008-03-01

ISO 12207 ) provide comprehensive guidance on what system and software engineering processes are needed. The frameworks of Six Sigma provide specific...reductions. Their veloci-Q Enterprise integrated system, includes ISO 9001, CMM, P-CMM, TL9000, British Standard 7799, and Six Sigma. They estimate a 30...at their discretion. And, they chose to blend process maturity models and ISO standards to support their objective regarding the establishment of

El Arbitraje en Materia de Signos Distintivos Empresariales en el Sistema Jurídico Peruano El Arbitraje en Materia de Signos Distintivos Empresariales en el Sistema Jurídico Peruano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Alberto Matheus López

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Los autores inician el trabajo resaltando las características propias del Derecho Mercantil actual y la trascendencia de una de sus instituciones más importantes como es la marca. Seguidamente, se emprende el análisis del Arbitraje como una vía para solucionar conflictos en materia de signos distintivos empresariales, tocando de esta forma el tema de la disponibilidad de la cuestión litigiosa sometida a arbitraje, concluyendo con la idea de que es necesario el análisis específico del ordenamiento jurídico relacionado con la cuestión litigiosa para determinar la disponibilidad o no de una materia concreta. A continuación, se desarrollan las ideas esbozadas al inicio del trabajo, así se resalta que los signos distintivos empresariales, y especialmente las marcas, son instituciones que pertenecen a la disciplina mercantil y por este motivo el análisis de la disponibilidad de la cuestión litigiosa deberá desarrollarse dentro de los contornos del Derecho Mercantil y de los intereses que este ordenamiento busca proteger, los mismos que no son sólo los de los empresarios sino también los de los consumidores y los del sistema económico en general. Luego, se desarrolla el tema particular de la viabilidad de la aplicación de la institución arbitral en la etapa de concesión del derecho sobre la marca, diferenciando adecuadamente el tamiz supuesto por las prohibiciones absolutas y las prohibiciones relativas al registro de un signo como marca, reconociendo diferentes intereses protegidos por cada grupo de prohibiciones. A continuación, se analiza la aplicación de la institución arbitral luego de otorgado el derecho de exclusiva sobre la marca, diferenciandoen esta etapa tanto la faceta positiva y la faceta negativa del derecho sobre la marca así como las perspectivas de acción que cada una permite realizar al titular de la marca. Finalmente se rescata una idea que gira a través de todo el análisis realizado, la misma que apunta a

Carácter jurisdiccional de las resoluciones de la Dirección General del Registro Electoral en materia de faltas electorales: especial referencia a la facultad de recabar datos personales protegidos por el secreto bancario o tributario en el marco de una investigación por faltas en materia de financiamiento de los partidos políticos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ruy López González

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo aborda el concepto y características distintivas de la función jurisdiccional del Estado. Con este marco teórico se analiza la función jurisdiccional del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones en materia electoral y se esboza como tesis la delegación legislativa de competencias jurisdiccionales que operó a favor de la Dirección General del Registro Electoral y de Financiamiento de Partidos Políticos en el trámite y sanción de las faltas electorales tipificadas en el nuevo Código Electoral. Bajo esta premisa, se infiere la facultad de la Dirección de recabar pruebas que contengan datos de carácter confidencial protegidos bajo los institutos del secreto bancario o tributario con el objeto de ejercer su competencia sancionadora

Reliability of new software in measuring cervical multifidus diameters and shoulder muscle strength in a synchronized way; an ultrasonographic study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leila Rahnama

2015-08-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted with the purpose of evaluating the inter-session reliability of new software to measure the diameters of the cervical multifidus muscle (CMM, both at rest and during isometric contractions of the shoulder abductors in subjects with neck pain and in healthy individuals.METHOD: In the present study, the reliability of measuring the diameters of the CMM with the Sonosynch software was evaluated by using 24 participants, including 12 subjects with chronic neck pain and 12 healthy individuals. The anterior-posterior diameter (APD and the lateral diameter (LD of the CMM were measured in a resting state and then repeated during isometric contraction of the shoulder abductors. Measurements were taken on separate occasions 3 to 7 days apart in order to determine inter-session reliability. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC, standard error of measurement (SEM, and smallest detectable difference (SDD were used to evaluate the relative and absolute reliability, respectively.RESULTS: The Sonosynch software has shown to be highly reliable in measuring the diameters of the CMM both in healthy subjects and in those with neck pain. The ICCs 95% CI for APD ranged from 0.84 to 0.94 in subjects with neck pain and from 0.86 to 0.94 in healthy subjects. For LD, the ICC 95% CI ranged from 0.64 to 0.95 in subjects with neck pain and from 0.82 to 0.92 in healthy subjects.CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonographic measurement of the diameters of the CMM using Sonosynch has proved to be reliable especially for APD in healthy subjects as well as subjects with neck pain.

Transcriptomic characterization of a synergistic genetic interaction during carpel margin meristem development in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

April N Wynn

Full Text Available In flowering plants the gynoecium is the female reproductive structure. In Arabidopsis thaliana ovules initiate within the developing gynoecium from meristematic tissue located along the margins of the floral carpels. When fertilized the ovules will develop into seeds. SEUSS (SEU and AINTEGUMENTA (ANT encode transcriptional regulators that are critical for the proper formation of ovules from the carpel margin meristem (CMM. The synergistic loss of ovule initiation observed in the seu ant double mutant suggests that SEU and ANT share overlapping functions during CMM development. However the molecular mechanism underlying this synergistic interaction is unknown. Using the ATH1 transcriptomics platform we identified transcripts that were differentially expressed in seu ant double mutant relative to wild type and single mutant gynoecia. In particular we sought to identify transcripts whose expression was dependent on the coordinated activities of the SEU and ANT gene products. Our analysis identifies a diverse set of transcripts that display altered expression in the seu ant double mutant tissues. The analysis of overrepresented Gene Ontology classifications suggests a preponderance of transcriptional regulators including multiple members of the REPRODUCTIVE MERISTEMS (REM and GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR (GRF families are mis-regulated in the seu ant gynoecia. Our in situ hybridization analyses indicate that many of these genes are preferentially expressed within the developing CMM. This study is the first step toward a detailed description of the transcriptional regulatory hierarchies that control the development of the CMM and ovule initiation. Understanding the regulatory hierarchy controlled by SEU and ANT will clarify the molecular mechanism of the functional redundancy of these two genes and illuminate the developmental and molecular events required for CMM development and ovule initiation.

A comparison study on the deoxygenation of coal mine methane over coal gangue and coke under microwave heating conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guo, Xuan; Ren, Jun; Xie, Chuanjin; Lin, Jianying; Li, Zhong

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Microwave has great advantages of energy and time saving in CMM deoxygenation. • Microwave pretreatment results in graphitization of carbonaceous materials. • Coal gangue shows benefit in restricting CH 4 decomposition compared to coke. • Under optimal conditions, there is no residual oxygen and CH 4 is less than 2.2%. - Abstract: Microwave heating has great advantages in saving energy and time; in this study, it has been first successfully applied in the deoxidization process of coal mine methane (CMM), where carbon in coal gangue reacts with oxygen in CMM. Compared with traditional heating, microwave pretreatment resulted in rapid heating of coal gangue in CMM deoxygenation, which was attributable to the graphitization of carbonaceous materials. This prominent advantage of microwave heating can contribute to deoxygenation. In addition, deoxygenation effectiveness for both coke and coal gangue under microwave heating was investigated. It was discovered that coke acted as a catalyst to some extent to accelerate methane decomposition. However, this effect could be greatly restricted when coal gangue was used in the deoxygenation process because of its chemical inertness. Under optimal conditions (650 °C and 300 mL/min), there was no residual oxygen in the outlet gas, and methane loss was less than 2.2%

Climate change and energy policies, coal and coalmine methane in China

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ming Yang [3E& amp; T International, Beijing (China)

2009-08-15

The Chinese government has made many energy policies on coal, and coalmine methane (CMM) use. However, not all of these policies have effects or positive impacts. For example, it has been quite a few years since the national government made policies to encourage coalmine methane power to be sold to the grid. Practice showed that not one kilowatt of electricity was sold from a coalmine methane power plant to the grid in Sichuan and Guizhou Provinces as of December 2008. This paper reviews and evaluates the Chinese government energy and climate policies that are related to coal and coalmine methane, analyzes relevant policy barriers, and makes recommendations to overcome these barriers and avoid policy failures. The paper provides a literature review, challenges, resources, policies and other updated information on China's CMM recovery and utilization. The paper concludes that China needs to further reform its energy and environment management system, engage provincial governments in CMM capture and use activities, and provide incentives to qualified engineers and skilled workers to work in remote coal mining areas. This paper transfers key messages to policy makers for them to make better CMM capture and use policies. 15 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.

Climate change and energy policies, coal and coalmine methane in China

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yang, Ming [3E and T International, Suite 1506, Building No. 10, Luo Ma Shi Street, Xuanwu District, Beijing 100052 (China)

2009-08-15

The Chinese government has made many energy policies on coal, and coalmine methane (CMM) use. However, not all of these policies have effects or positive impacts. For example, it has been quite a few years since the national government made policies to encourage coalmine methane power to be sold to the grid. Practice showed that not any kilowatt of electricity was sold from a coalmine methane power plant to the grid in Sichuan and Guizhou Provinces as of December 2008. The objectives of this paper are to review and evaluate the Chinese government energy and climate policies that are related to coal and coalmine methane, analyze relevant policy barriers, and make recommendations to overcome these barriers and avoid policy failures. This paper provides the literature review, challenges, resources, policies and other updated information on China's CMM recovery and utilization. The paper concludes that China needs to further reform its energy and environment management system, engage provincial governments in CMM capture and use activities, and provide incentives to qualified engineers and skilled workers to work in remote coal mining areas. This paper transfers key messages to policy makers for them to make better CMM capture and use policies. (author)

Summer 2012 Testing and Analysis of the Chemical Mixture Methodology -- Part I

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Glantz, Clifford S.; Yu, Xiao-Ying; Coggin, Rebekah L.; Ponder, Lashaundra A.; Booth, Alexander E.; Petrocchi, Achille J.; Horn, Sarah M.; Yao, Juan

2012-07-01

This report presents the key findings made by the Chemical Mixture Methodology (CMM) project team during the first stage of their summer 2012 testing and analysis of the CMM. The study focused on answering the following questions: o What is the percentage of the chemicals in the CMM Rev 27 database associated with each Health Code Number (HCN)? How does this result influence the relative importance of acute HCNs and chronic HCNs in the CMM data set? o What is the benefit of using the HCN-based approach? Which Modes of Action and Target Organ Effects tend to be important in determining the HCN-based Hazard Index (HI) for a chemical mixture? o What are some of the potential issues associated with the current HCN-based approach? What are the opportunities for improving the performance and/or technical defensibility of the HCN-based approach? How would those improvements increase the benefit of using the HCN-based approach? o What is the Target Organ System Effect approach and how can it be used to improve upon the current HCN-based approach? How does the benefits users would derive from using the Target Organ System Approach compare to the benefits available from the current HCN-based approach?

Un modelo econométrico de medición de las relaciones de sustitución entre materias primas compradas para la producción de piensos compuestos y su asignación

OpenAIRE

Peeters, Ludo; Surry, Yves

1993-01-01

El objeto de este artículo es presentar un modelo econométrico para estimar las relaciones de sustitución entre las materias primas compradas para la producción de piensos compuestos y su asignación entre los diferentes tipos de piensos para diferentes tipos de ganado utilizando una función dual de costes. Dicho modelo se aplica a las industrias belga y neerlandesa de piensos compuestos. El modelo empírico utiliza una función de costes Simétrica Generalizada de McFadden de outputs múltiples q...

Capability maturity models for offshore organisational management.

Science.gov (United States)

Strutt, J E; Sharp, J V; Terry, E; Miles, R

2006-12-01

The goal setting regime imposed by the UK safety regulator has important implications for an organisation's ability to manage health and safety related risks. Existing approaches to safety assurance based on risk analysis and formal safety assessments are increasingly considered unlikely to create the step change improvement in safety to which the offshore industry aspires and alternative approaches are being considered. One approach, which addresses the important issue of organisational behaviour and which can be applied at a very early stage of design, is the capability maturity model (CMM). The paper describes the development of a design safety capability maturity model, outlining the key processes considered necessary to safety achievement, definition of maturity levels and scoring methods. The paper discusses how CMM is related to regulatory mechanisms and risk based decision making together with the potential of CMM to environmental risk management.

A la búsqueda de un método. Dialéctica entre composición, materia y construcción en Curro Inza

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Ángel Verdasco

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Este artículo se suma a la relectura que se está llevando a cabo en tiempos recientes sobre lo que se denominó organicismo madrileño y Escuela de Madrid de los años 60 y 70 del s.XX. El trabajo se centra en uno de los personajes más significativos: el arquitecto Curro Inza. Se analiza en dos de sus obras de juventud la relación que establece entre composición, materia y construcción, en un intento de aproximarnos con mayor acierto a su enigmática arquitectura orgánica y explicar las razones proyectuales que en ella subyacen. Todo ello, junto con el reconocimiento de una toma de postura matérica cercana al brutalismo, permite desmontar algunas percepciones actuales sobre su trabajo, a la vez que posibilita reconocer estrategias arquitectónicas de candente actualidad.

Il piu grande centro europeo di ricerca oggi festeggia l'anniversario del Nobel di Rubbia e Van der Meer. Cern, vent'anni guardando al futuro Ora la sfida si gioca sull'acceleratore di particelle pronto per il 2007, che provera a svelare i segreti della materia

CERN Multimedia

Durante, E

2003-01-01

"CERN, vent'anni guardando al futuro Ora la sfida si gioca sull'acceleratore di particelle pronto per il 2007, che provera a svelare i segreti della materia" [CERN, twenty years of looking towards the future. The present challenge is the particle accelerator that will be ready in 2007, which will try to reveal the secrets of matter] (2 pages)

An Evidence-Based Review on Medicinal Value of Clays in Traditional Persian Medicine.

Science.gov (United States)

Hosseinkhani, Ayda; Montaseri, Hashem; Hosamo, Ammar; Zarshenas, Mohammad Mehdi

2017-01-01

The use of earths and clays for medical purposes dates back to antiquity. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in researches on traditional remedies in the hope of discovering new drug. Iran is an ancient country with a medical backbone acquired from the experiences of ancient Persian scholars, who had made a great contribution to the development of the medical sciences. Many medical and pharmaceutical books by early Persian scientists still exist and may have the potential of leading researchers to new drug discoveries. Owing to the emergence of new and antimicrobial-resistant infections, present-day medicine has recently begun focusing on medicinal earths and clays especially as mineral antimicrobials. The current study is, therefore, aimed at gathering information regarding medicinal clays in traditional Persian medicine (TPM). Five main Persian materia medica with the key word 'tin' (clay) and current databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched by key words 'white, green, red, maroon, violet, black, grey and pink clays' and 'pharmacological effects'. Twenty three clays were found in Persian manuscripts. Although their mineralogical compositions are unknown, different pharmacological properties have been attributed to these mineral medicaments. Clay's properties were widely used in medieval times for the treatment of infections to poisoning. They were also used in compound formulations, possibly for their pharmaceutical formulation modifying effects. Modern scientific proofs have also been found in many of the medicinal clays reported in Persian manuscripts. Although many of the reported clays are still unknown, their characterization may lead to new medicinal developments. Novel analytical methods available today make it possible to elucidate the chemical compositions of these minerals as parameters responsible for their medicinal effects. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please

COMPOSICIÓN QUIMICA DE LA LECHE, DIGESTIBILIDAD in vitro DE LA MATERIA SECA Y PRODUCCIÓN EN VACAS ALIMENTADAS CON GRAMÍNEAS SOLAS O ASOCIADAS CON Lotus uliginosus

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A. Morales

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el uso de la leguminosa Lotus uliginosus como alternativa de inclusión dentro de las praderas en dos ecorregiones estratégicas de la sabana de Bogotá. en cada finca se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos: 1 kikuyo solo (P. clandestinum, 2 kikuyo asociado con trébol pata de pájaro ( P.clandes-tinum + L. uliginosus, 3 festuca alta sola (F. arundinacea y 4 Festuca alta asociada con trébol pata de pájaro (F. arundinacea + L. uliginosus. el número de bovinos varió de acuerdo a la capacidad de carga de cada finca. se utilizaron animales que se encontraban en el segundo tercio de lactancia durante un período experimental de siete días. en cada tratamiento se determinó la producción (L/día y calidad de leche (% de grasa, proteína y sólidos totales; en la pastura se evaluó la composición química (Ms, Fdn, Fda y la digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (divMs. se midió el consumo voluntario. en la finca Megaleche la producción de biomasa presentó diferencias significativas (P<0,05 entre los tratamientos destacándose el tratamiento del kikuyo solo; la calidad nutricional de las pasturas también presentó diferencias (P<0,04 destacándose el tratamiento de kikuyo + trébol pata de pájaro, asociación que también se destacó en consumo voluntario (P< 0.05 y producción de leche (P<0,05. en la finca Colega el contenido de proteína del forraje presentó diferencias cuando las gramíneas se asociaron con el trébol pata de pájaro (P<0,001. se concluyó que la introducción del Lotus en las praderas mejoró la producción de leche y consumo de materia seca en los animales.

Génesis de la vida desde la dinámica procesual de la materia

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Ignacio Núñez De Castro

2015-03-01

Full Text Available La Biología no trata de la vida, sino de la descripción fenomenológica de los organismos vivos; el estudio de la vida es propio de la Filosofía natural. Para tener un discurso coherente para describir un ser vivo necesitamos una serie de categorías: comprensión holística, sistema, proceso, emergencia de novedad, teleología, epigénesis y evolución; matrices conceptuales que conforman una racionalidad diferente a la racionalidad mecanicista predominante en la Física. El pensamiento sistémico es siempre pensamiento procesual. La Filosofía del proceso es un buen instrumento intelectual para la comprensión del viviente. Ninguna realidad es un hecho estático; debemos pasar de la metafísica de substancia (ser a la metafísica del devenir. Las propiedades emergentes surgen a un cierto nivel de complejidad. La explicación del sistema no se encuentra en los componentes básicos (análisis, sino en la organización jerárquica del mismo como una unidad, que posee una finalidad, un «télos». El genoma es el programa que fundamenta la estructura y comportamiento del organismo, que se desarrolla epigenéticamente. Los organismos vivos son sistemas abiertos en continuo intercambio con el medio de materia, energía e información. La célula es la unidad de análisis elemental de los vivientes, tanto microorganismos como vegetales o animales. Toda célula es una unidad dinámica y se encuentra siempre en una fase del proceso de división celular. El tiempo es una categoría esencial para la comprensión de todo organismo vivo; contemplada la serie de los vivientes a grandes escalas de tiempo, nos lleva a la afirmación de que vivir es evolucionar y de que nada en Biología tiene sentido sino es a la luz de la evolución.

Modificaciones de la microestructura y la materia orgánica en un Argiudol bajo distintas condiciones de cultivo y conservación Microstructure and organic matter modifications in an Agiudoll under different conditions of cultivation and conservation

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Beatriz A. Bonel

2005-07-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se comparan la microestructura y la materia orgánica del estrato superior del horizonte A de un Argiudol típico franco limoso en dos situaciones no laboreadas (NLp: parque en Estación Experimental; NLv: área preservada próxima a vía de ferrocarril con dos sistemas de manejo agrícola: con residuos incorporados (LR: labranza reducida con discos y con residuos superficiales (SD: siembra directa. Los análisis micromorfológicos evidenciaron en todos los casos una marcada anisotropía vertical con al menos tres niveles microestructurales dentro de los primeros 10 cm de suelo, siendo sus características notoriamente diferentes entre las situaciones estudiadas. Las situaciones NL evidenciaron la predominancia de huecos de empaquetamiento y rasgos biológicos. La SD se caracteriza por la aparición de agregados laminares subsuperficiales, con predominio de huecos horizontales. Por su parte, la LR se caracteriza por la aparición de costras superficiales, escasa porosidad (representada por fisuras horizontales y vesículas y escasos restos orgánicos vegetales o animales en superficie. En este trabajo no se detectaron diferencias importantes en cantidad y calidad de la materia orgánica entre las situaciones agrícolas, no existiendo evidencia de una degradación o protección diferente del carbono entre ellas. La estructura laminar permanente en la SD y la costra superficial temporaria en LR actuarían de manera convergente restringiendo la mezcla de las fases orgánica y mineral del suelo. En SD resultaría una mayor conservación de la materia orgánica superficial, pero la actividad biológica no sería suficiente para incorporarla mas allá de unos pocos milímetros de profundidad. En LR hay una incorporación más profunda de la materia orgánica, pero con una mayor degradación; de este modo el balance final de la materia orgánica del horizonte superficial sería similar entre ambos tratamientos. La similitud en el "pool

Relaciones hídricas y distribución de materia seca en especies de fique (Furcraea sp. Vent. cultivadas bajo estrés por NaCl

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Casierra-Posada Fánor

2006-12-01

Full Text Available

El género Furcraea es miembro de la familia Agavaceae y es endémico de América Tropical, específicamente de la región andina de Colombia y Venezuela, aunque se le encuentra de manera natural desde el sur de México hasta Brasil. Una cantidad de especies de Furcraea se cultivan en  climas cálidos como plantas ornamentales en todo el mundo y para la obtención de fibras a partir de las hojas. Con el objeto de determinar las respuestas fisiológicas a la salinidad, plantas de especies locales de fique (Furcraea macrophylla, F. castilla y F. cabuya se expusieron a 20, 40, 60 y 80 mmoles de NaCl durante cinco meses. Las plantas de control no se trataron con la sal. El experimento se realizó en un invernadero en Tunja (Colombia. Las plantas se obtuvieron a partir de bulbillos. Éstos crecieron en materas con suelo, se regaron dos veces por semana, evitándose el exceso de agua después de la salinizacion inducida del suelo. Los resultados mostraron que la salinidad del suelo disminuyó la producción total de materia seca, la eficiencia agronómica en el uso del agua (WUE, siglas en inglés de water use efficiency, la relación raíz/parte aérea, la densidad específica de las hojas y el área foliar. La salinidad por NaCl indujo también una modificación en el patrón de distribución  de materia seca en las especies evaluadas. La salinidad tuvo poco efecto sobre la evapotranspiración. Las especies consideradas mostraron diferencias genotípicas en cuanto a la tolerancia a la salinidad en la mayoría de los parámetros evaluados.

Contenidos teóricos de las materias generales y especializadas en los planes de estudios de las diplomaturas de ciencias de la salud Theoretic contents of general and specialized subjects in core curricula of health sciences professions

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José Antonio Arias Navalón

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Evaluar cuantitativamente los contenidos teóricos, generales y especializados, de los planes de estudios de las diplomaturas de ciencias de la salud en España. A partir de esos datos se harán algunas recomendaciones y se destacarán aspectos que podrían necesitar modificaciones. Diseño: Revisión sistemática. Emplazamiento y material de estudio: Planes de estudios de las diplomaturas de ciencias de la salud en España: Enfermería, Fisioterapia, Logopedia, Nutrición humana y dietética, Óptica y optometría, Podología y Terapia ocupacional. Mediciones: Número de horas teóricas dedicadas a materias troncales, detallando su carácter general o especializado. Resultados y conclusiones: En conjunto, los contenidos especializados y generales suponen, respectivamente, el 66,7 y el 33,3%. La mayoría de las carreras tienen más horas asignadas a materias especializadas. Los resultados oscilan entre la ausencia de materias troncales generales en las carreras de Óptica y optometría y de Logopedia y el 71,4% de carga lectiva de carácter general en la carrera de Terapia ocupacional. La carencia de conocimientos generales sobre la salud y la enfermedad puede tener consecuencias negativas en la práctica diaria y en las expectativas que tienen para hacer investigación los profesionales implicados.Objective: To assess general and specialized theoretic contents of core curricula of health professions in Spain, in order to make some recommendations to improve these curricula and to highlight some areas needing further modifications. Design: Systematic revision. Setting and study selection: Core curricula of health professions in Spain: Nursing, Physical therapy, Speech-language pathology, Nutrition and dietetics, Optometry, Podiatry and Occupational therapy. Measurements: Number of theoretic hours devoted to both general and specialized subjects. Results and conclusions: Overall, specialized and general contents are 66.7% and 33

Use of Cellulases to Predict in vivo Digestible Organic Matter (D value in Pasture Silages Uso de Celulasas para Predecir el Contenido de Materia Orgánica Digestible (Valor D in vivo, en Ensilajes de Praderas

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Claudia Barchiesi-Ferrari

2011-06-01

ón nutricional, puede estimarse a partir de la materia orgánica digestible contenida en la materia seca (Valor-D. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la predicción del valor-D y la digestibilidad de la materia seca (DMS de ensilajes de pradera, usando el método de pepsina-celulasa. Se utilizó celulasa fúngica con diferentes concentraciones, tiempos de incubación y tipo de lavado final. Los ensilajes estudiados fueron preparados a partir de pradera permanente (Dactylis glomerata L., Lolium perenne L., Bromus catharticus Vahl var. catharticus, Trifolium repens L. y Holcus lanatus L., pradera de rotación (L. multiflorum Lam. cv. Tama, avena (Avena sativa L., y pradera mixta (L. perenne-T. repens; cosechadas en tres estados fenológicos. El tratamiento con un tiempo de incubación de 24 h, concentración de celulasa de 6,25 g L-1 y lavado con agua (Tratamiento 3 presentó la mejor capacidad de predicción del valor D in vivo (R² = 0,78 y de la digestibilidad de la materia seca (DMS in vivo (R² = 0,71. La predicción del valor D in vivo mejoró levemente (R² = 0,8 al incluir una determinación química (fibra cruda, energía bruta, fibra detergente neutro, cenizas o fibra detergente ácido junto al valor D obtenido con el Tratamiento 3 de celulasas (regresión múltiple. Los resultados obtenidos con el uso de celulasas para determinar la digestibilidad subestiman a los obtenidos in vivo, siendo más cercanos a los obtenidos con fluido ruminal. El uso de ecuaciones adecuadas podría mejorar la exactitud de las predicciones.

Efecto de la temperatura de la Rizosfera sobre la distribución de la materia seca en uchuva (Physalis peruviana L. Effect of rizosphere temperature on the dry matter distribution in cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.

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Fischer Gerhard

1998-12-01

Full Text Available En el hábitat natural de la uchuva en Colombia (de 1.600 a 2.800 msnm la temperatura edáfica varía de acuerdo con los
factores climatológicos determinados por la altitud y por el manejo que se le de al suelo y al cultivo. Para estudiar el efecto de la temperatura en la rizosfera sobre la distribución
de la materia seca en la uchuva y encontrar mecanismos de adaptación al altiplano colombiano, se cultivaron durante 11 semanas los ecotipos 'Colombia' y 'Sudáfrica' con temperaturas edáficas de 8, 15, 22 y 29°C bajo invernadero en Berlín, Alemania. Se utilizaron macetas plásticas de 2,5 L de capacidad y arena de cuarzo como substrato. Con el
aumento de la temperatura en la rizosfera creció la producción de biomasa hasta un máximo a 22 y 29°C dependiendo del órgano de la planta y del ecotipo. La mayor acumulación de materia seca la obtuvo 'Colombia' a 29°C y 'Sudáfrica' a 22°C. Con 8°C de temperatura radical las plantas produjeron poca masa seca radical y foliar, mientras la materia de los frutos disminuyó en menor proporción, debido posiblemente a mecanismos de adaptación a los suelos fríos del altiplano. Los 22°C fomentaron más el crecimiento de las ramas principales, mientras las laterales tuvieron su óptimo a 29°C, posiblemente debido a un efecto hormonal. La mayor acumulación de materia seca en raíces,
hojas y frutos del ecotipo 'Colombia' a 29°C se puede interpretar como una adaptación a los suelos calientes de las laderas expuestas al sol.
In the natu ral habitat of cape gooseberry in Colombia, on sites from 1.600 to 2.800 m.a.s.l., soil temperature is affected by c1imatologicfactors, which are determined by the altitud and cultural and soil management practices. In order to study the effect of rizosphere temperature on the distribution of dry matter in the cape gooseberry plant and to find mecanisms of adaptation to the Colombian highland conditions, during 11 weeks 'Colombia' and

The measurement of constitutive and facultative skin pigmentation and estimation of sun exposure in Caucasians with basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous malignant melanoma

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lock-Andersen, J; Drzewiecki, K T; Wulf, H C

1998-01-01

but indicated high exposure levels in childhood and youth and in adult leisure time. Sun exposure estimated by increase in facultative pigmentation above the constitutive level (the Sun Exposure Index) was not significantly different between BCC patients and controls, whereas CMM men patients had higher...... and 174 matched controls and in 168 CMM patients and 176 matched controls. Measurements were performed at the forehead, the upper chest, the upper back, the lateral and medial aspects of the upper arm, and the buttocks. Self-estimation of sun exposure in childhood, in youth and in adulthood was performed...... between BCC patients and controls except that women patients had higher pigmentation at the lateral side of the upper arm. For CMM, men patients had higher pigmentation at the lateral side of the upper arm. Self-estimations of sun exposure did not show differences between patients and controls...

Determinación espectrofotométrica de un producto activo zeolítico en materia prima y tabletas vaginales

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Mercedes Machuá Veitía

1999-12-01

Full Text Available El empleo de productos activos zeolíticos como fármacos de acción específica requiere el desarrollo de técnicas analíticas para el control de la calidad de las formas terminadas. Se desarrolló y validó un método espectrofotométrico de análisis para una zeolita activada con cinc (PAZ-ZZ a partir de la reacción con zincón. Se evaluó la linealidad, precisión, exactitud y especificidad del método propuesto. La técnica se aplicó posteriormente al análisis de materia prima PAZ-ZZ y tabletas vaginales que contienen este principio activo; los resultados se compararon con los obtenidos para espectroscopia de absorción atómica.The use of active zeolitic products as drugs of specific action requires the development of analytical techniques to control the quality of the finished product. A spectrophotometric method of analysis was validated for a zinc?activated zeolite (PAZ-ZZ, starting from the reaction with zincum. The lineality, precision, exactitude and specificity of the proposed method were evaluated. This technique was later applied to the analysis of PAZ-ZZ raw material and vaginal tablets containing this active principle. The results were compared with those obtained for atomic absortion spectroscopy.

The effect of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR on induction of skin cancers

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Marta Pacholczyk

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Ultraviolet radiation is a physical mutagenic and cancerogenic factor. About 95% of ultraviolet A (UVA (320–400 nm and 5% of UVB (280–320 nm reach the Earth’s surface. Melanin is a natural skin protective factor against UV radiation. Skin cancers associated with long-term exposure to UV radiation are: basal cell carcinoma (BCC, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC and cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM. The high risk of BCC development is related to acute and repeated exposure to UV causing sunburn. Molecular studies of BBC demonstrated disorders in sonic hedgehog (SHH cell signaling regulation pathway, associated with the suppressor protein patched homolog 1 gene (PTCH1 mutations. The risk of the BCC development is related to the polymorphism of melanokortin-1 receptor gene (MC1R. Tumor P53 gene mutations observed in BCC cells has been classified as secondary genetic changes. In SCC cells UV-induced mutations were mostly related to P53 gene. Increased expression of cyclooxigenase- 2 gene (COX-2 plays a significant role in the development of SCC. Other pathogenetic factors include intensification of the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α, interleukin-1 α (IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6. Currently, the role of UVB has been recognized in the pathogenesis of CMM. In CMM cells the following gene mutations were noted: cyclindependent kinase inhibitor 2A INK4A (p16INK4A, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4, Ras, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN and proto-oncogene B-Raf (BRAF. The BRAF gene mutations were observed in ~50% of CMM cases. Mutations of P53 gene are not characteristic of CMM cells. Med Pr 2016;67(2:255–266

Dinosaur bone beds and mass mortality: Implications for the K-T extinction

Science.gov (United States)

Carpenter, Kenneth

1988-01-01

Mass accumulations of fossilized large terrestrial vertebrate skeletons (bone beds: BB) provide a test for K-T catastrophic extinction hypotheses. The two major factors contributing to BB formation are mode of death and sedimentation rate. Catastrophic mass mortality (CMM) is the sudden death of numerous individuals where species, age, health, gender, or social ranking offer no survivorship advantage. Noncatastrophic mass mortality (NCMM) occurs over time and is strongly influenced by species, age, or gender. In addition to cause of death, sedimentation rate is also important in BB formation. Models of BBs can be made. The CMM drops all individuals in their tracks, therefore, the BB should reflect the living population with respect to species, age, or gender. The NCMM results in monospecific BBs skewed in the direction of the less fit, usually the very young or very old, or towards a specific gender. The NCMM and AM BBs may become more similar the more spread out over time NCMM deaths occur because carcasses are widely scattered requiring hydraulic accumulation, and the greater time allows for more disarticulation and weathering. The CMM and NCMM BB appear to be dominated by social animals. Applying this and the characteristics of mortality patterns to the uppermost Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation indicates that only NCMM and AM BB occur. Furthermore, NCMM BB are rare in the upper third of the Hell Creek. Near the K-T boundary, only AM BB are known. The absence of CMM and NCMM BB appears to be real reflecting a decrease in population levels of some dinosaurs prior to the K-T event. The absence of CMM suggests that the K-T event did not lead to an instantaneous extinction of dinosaurs. Nor was there a protracted die-off due to an asteroid impact winter, because no NCMM BB are known at or near the K-T boundary.

Comparative genome analysis of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Clavibacter strains reveals adaptations to their lifestyle.

Science.gov (United States)

Załuga, Joanna; Stragier, Pieter; Baeyen, Steve; Haegeman, Annelies; Van Vaerenbergh, Johan; Maes, Martine; De Vos, Paul

2014-05-22

The genus Clavibacter harbors economically important plant pathogens infecting agricultural crops such as potato and tomato. Although the vast majority of Clavibacter strains are pathogenic, there is an increasing number of non-pathogenic isolates reported. Non-pathogenic Clavibacter strains isolated from tomato seeds are particularly problematic because they affect the current detection and identification tests for Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), which is regulated with a zero tolerance in tomato seed. Their misidentification as pathogenic Cmm hampers a clear judgment on the seed quality and health. To get more insight in the genetic features linked to the lifestyle of these bacteria, a whole-genome sequence of the tomato seed-borne non-pathogenic Clavibacter LMG 26808 was determined. To gain a better understanding of the molecular determinants of pathogenicity, the genome sequence of LMG 26808 was compared with that of the pathogenic Cmm strain (NCPPB 382). The comparative analysis revealed that LMG 26808 does not contain plasmids pCM1 and pCM2 and also lacks the majority of important virulence factors described so far for pathogenic Cmm. This explains its apparent non-pathogenic nature in tomato plants. Moreover, the genome analysis of LMG 26808 detected sequences from a plasmid originating from a member of Enterobacteriaceae/Klebsiella relative. Genes received that way and coding for antibiotic resistance may provide a competitive advantage for survival of LMG 26808 in its ecological niche. Genetically, LMG 26808 was the most similar to the pathogenic Cmm NCPPB 382 but contained more mobile genetic elements. The genome of this non-pathogenic Clavibacter strain contained also a high number of transporters and regulatory genes. The genome sequence of the non-pathogenic Clavibacter strain LMG 26808 and the comparative analyses with other pathogenic Clavibacter strains provided a better understanding of the genetic bases of virulence and