Epistemologiese en ontologiese dominante in "Die beiteltjie" van NP ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Epistemologiese en ontologiese dominante in "Die beiteltjie" van N.P. van Wyk Louw en ... Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads. ... may be found in the shift of the dominant from problems of knowing to problems of modes of ...

Neuropatia óptica dominante associada à hipoacusia e apresentação tardia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo Scaldini Buscacio

2013-10-01

Full Text Available A neuropatia óptica de Kjer, ou atrofia óptica dominante, é a mais frequente das neuropatias ópticas familiares. Trata-se de uma atrofia óptica de caráter autossômico dominante que se dá por uma alteração no gene OPA1, no cromossomo 3q28, com penetrância de 98% Apenas 15% dos casos possuem acuidade visual de 0,1 ou pior, apresentando ainda diferentes graus de atrofia do disco. Este relato objetiva descrever as características genéticas e clínicas da doença, bem como apresentar medidas de aconselhamento familiar. Para isso, será relatado um caso clínico de atrofia óptica dominante no qual se constata perda acentuada da acuidade visual, início de manifestações atipicamente tardias e hipoacusia bilateral.

Development of potential selective and reversible pyrazoline based MAO-B inhibitors as MAO-B PET tracer precursors and reference substances for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Neudorfer, Catharina; Shanab, Karem; Jurik, Andreas; Schreiber, Veronika; Neudorfer, Carolina; Vraka, Chrysoula; Schirmer, Eva; Holzer, Wolfgang; Ecker, Gerhard; Mitterhauser, Markus; Wadsak, Wolfgang; Spreitzer, Helmut

2014-09-15

Since high MAO-B levels are present in early stages of AD, the MAO-B system can be designated as an appropriate and prospective tracer target of molecular imaging biomarkers for the detection of early AD. According to the preceding investigations of Mishra et al. the aim of this work was the development of a compound library of selective and reversible MAO-B inhibitors by performing bioisosteric modifications of the core structure of 3-(anthracen-9-yl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles. In conclusion, 13 new pyrazoline based derivatives have been prepared, which will serve as precursor substances for future radiolabeling as well as reference compounds for the investigation of increased MAO-B levels in AD. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Analysis of monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymatic activity by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection combined with an assay of oxidation with a peroxidase and its application to MAO inhibitors from foods and plants.

Science.gov (United States)

Herraiz, Tomás; Flores, Andrea; Fernández, Lidia

2018-01-15

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes catalyze the oxidative deamination of biogenic amines and neurotransmitters and produce ammonia, aldehydes, and hydrogen peroxide which is involved in oxidative processes. Inhibitors of MAO-A and -B isozymes are useful as antidepressants and neuroprotectants. The assays of MAO usually measure amine oxidation products or hydrogen peroxide by spectrophotometric techniques. Those assays are often compromised by interfering compounds resulting in poor results. This research describes a new method that combines in the same assay the oxidative deamination of kynuramine to 4-hydroxyquinoline analyzed by HPLC-DAD with the oxidation of tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) (or Amplex Rex) by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in presence of hydrogen peroxide. The new method was applied to study the inhibition of human MAO-A and -B by bioactive compounds including β-carboline alkaloids and flavonoids occurring in foods and plants. As determined by HPLC-DAD, β-carbolines, methylene blue, kaempferol and clorgyline inhibited MAO-A and methylene blue, 5-nitroindazole, norharman and deprenyl inhibited MAO-B, and all of them inhibited the oxidation of TMB in the same extent. The flavonoids catechin and cyanidin were not inhibitors of MAO by HPLC-DAD but highly inhibited the oxidation of TMB (or Amplex Red) by peroxidase whereas quercetin and resveratrol were moderate inhibitors of MAO-A by HPLC-DAD, but inhibited the peroxidase assay in a higher level. For some phenolic compounds, using the peroxidase-coupled assay to measure MAO activity led to mistaken results. The new method permits to discern between true inhibitors of MAO from those that are antioxidants and which interfere with peroxidase assays but do not inhibit MAO. For true inhibitors of MAO, inhibition as determined by HPLC-DAD correlated well with inhibition of the oxidation of TMB and this approach can be used to assess the in vitro antioxidant activity (less hydrogen peroxide production) resulting

The Storage Stability of Anthocyanins in Mao (Antidesma thwaitesianum Müll. Arg. Juice and Concentrate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Prommakool Arunya

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Mao or Makmao (Antidesma thwaitesianum Müll. Arg. is a wild plant found in the northeast of Thailand. Mao is one of fruits which are source of anthocyanins. Mao fruits are used for juice and concentrate which are consumed for healthy drinks. Determination of the kinetic parameters is essential to predict the quality changes and stability of anthocyanins in Mao juice and concentrate that occur during storage. The purpose of this research was to study the degradation of anthocyanins in Mao juice and concentrate during storage at 5, 30 and 37°C for 15 days. The storage stability of Mao anthocyanins was studied in 15°Brix juice and 45°Brix concentrate. The degradation kinetic (k, half-life (t1/2, activation energy (Ea and Q10 values for Mao anthocyanins degradation were determined. The results indicated that analysis of kinetic data for the degradation of anthocyanins followed a first-order reaction. An increase storage temperature from 5 to 30 and 37°C increased k value of anthocyanins in Mao juice and concentrate. Increasing storage temperature decreased t1/2 value of anthocyanins in both concentrations. At 5, 30 and 37°C, the t1/2 of anthocyanins decreased from 35 to 13 and 5 days for Mao juice and 32 to 25 and 21 days for Mao concentrate. The Ea value of the anthocyanins degradation in Mao juice and concentrate were 38.03 and 8.42 kJ/mol, respectively. Q10 values of both Mao juice and concentrate at 30-37°C were higher than those were storaged at 5-30°C. Thus higher stability of anthocyanins was achieved by using concentration and storage at lower temperature.

Effects of Radiation on Germ Cells of Insects: Dominant Lethals, Gamete Inactivation and Gonial-Cell Killing; Effets des rayonnements sur les cellules germinales des insectes: letalite dominante, inactivation des gametes et destruction des cellules des gonades; Vozdejstvie radiatsii na polovye kletki nasekomykh: dominantnye letali, inaktivatsiya gamet i umershchvlenie polovykh kletok; Efectos de las radiaciones sobre las celulas germinales de los insectos: elementos letales dominantes, inactivacion de los gametos y exterminacion de las celulas gonadicas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Von Borstel, R. C. [Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

1963-09-15

: par l'un des modes d'induction d'une letalite dominante, par l'inactivation directe d'une fonction et par des manieres genetiquement indefinissable, liees ou non a la letalite dominante. Les agents chimiques de mutation paraissent egalement provoquer un accroissement curieux du pouvoir fertilisant du sperme. La radiosensibilite varie avec les divers stades de l'oogenese et de la spermatogenese; certaines cellules passent par des stades au cours desquels leur radiosensibilite peut varier dans un rapport de 1 a 50. Des comparaisons entre des diptetes, des hymenopteres et des coleopteres ont revele une similarite frappante dans la maniere dont ces especes reagissent aux rayonnements, tant en ce qui concerne la sensibilite aux divers stades de developpement que l'intensite de la reaction en fonction de la dose. Le ver a soie Bombyx mori (lepidoptere) semble avoir beaucoup de points communs avec les representants des autres ordres en ce qui concerne l'effet des rayonnements sur les cellules germinales, mais il en differe nettement pour ce qui est des facteurs letaux dominants induits. Les especes presentant des mecanismes genetiques anormaux (par exemple, le Planococcus citri, coccide hemiptere) constituent des cas particuliers et ils reagissent aux rayonnements de facon tres differente des autres especes. Dans la lutte contre les insectes par la methode de Tirradiation des males, la letalite dominante est aussi efficace pour les especes ou l'accouplement a lieu plusieurs fois que pour celles ou il a lieu une seule fois. On peut considerer l'inactivation du sperme et la destruction des cellules des gonades comme des facteurs de sterilite reelle; leur efficacite est maximum chez les especes ou l'accouplement n'a lieu qu'une seule fois. Pour le controle le plus efficace, il faudrait avoir recours a des doses provoquant la letalite dominante maximum, l'inactivation minimum du sperme et la destruction totale des cellules des gonades. Il est facile de determiner ces parametres

Mao Dzeduna personības ietekme uz Ķīnas tautu un kultūru

OpenAIRE

Skrinda, Ramona

2008-01-01

Darbā „Mao Dzeduna personības ietekme uz Ķīnas Tautu un kultūru” tiek aplūkoti Mao Dzeduna personības un uzskatu veidošanās apstākļi, izpētot tā laika politisko atmosfēru valstī, Mao izcelsmi, skolas gaitas, jaunības gadus. Tiek apskatīta arī Mao varas biogrāfija līdz Tautas Republikas proklamēšanas brīdim. Lai gūtu pilnīgāku priekšstatu par Mao Dzeduna personību tiek sniegts arī ģimenes dzīves apskats- Mao četras sievas un viņa attieksme pret tām, kopīgie bērni un to liktenis. Tiek minēti ar...

Real-time motion-adaptive-optimization (MAO) in TomoTherapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lu Weiguo; Chen Mingli; Ruchala, Kenneth J; Chen Quan; Olivera, Gustavo H [TomoTherapy Inc., 1240 Deming Way, Madison, WI (United States); Langen, Katja M; Kupelian, Patrick A [MD Anderson Cancer Center-Orlando, Orlando, FL (United States)], E-mail: wlu@tomotherapy.com

2009-07-21

IMRT delivery follows a planned leaf sequence, which is optimized before treatment delivery. However, it is hard to model real-time variations, such as respiration, in the planning procedure. In this paper, we propose a negative feedback system of IMRT delivery that incorporates real-time optimization to account for intra-fraction motion. Specifically, we developed a feasible workflow of real-time motion-adaptive-optimization (MAO) for TomoTherapy delivery. TomoTherapy delivery is characterized by thousands of projections with a fast projection rate and ultra-fast binary leaf motion. The technique of MAO-guided delivery calculates (i) the motion-encoded dose that has been delivered up to any given projection during the delivery and (ii) the future dose that will be delivered based on the estimated motion probability and future fluence map. These two pieces of information are then used to optimize the leaf open time of the upcoming projection right before its delivery. It consists of several real-time procedures, including 'motion detection and prediction', 'delivered dose accumulation', 'future dose estimation' and 'projection optimization'. Real-time MAO requires that all procedures are executed in time less than the duration of a projection. We implemented and tested this technique using a TomoTherapy (registered) research system. The MAO calculation took about 100 ms per projection. We calculated and compared MAO-guided delivery with two other types of delivery, motion-without-compensation delivery (MD) and static delivery (SD), using simulated 1D cases, real TomoTherapy plans and the motion traces from clinical lung and prostate patients. The results showed that the proposed technique effectively compensated for motion errors of all test cases. Dose distributions and DVHs of MAO-guided delivery approached those of SD, for regular and irregular respiration with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 3 cm, and for medium and large

Real-time motion-adaptive-optimization (MAO) in TomoTherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lu Weiguo; Chen Mingli; Ruchala, Kenneth J; Chen Quan; Olivera, Gustavo H; Langen, Katja M; Kupelian, Patrick A

2009-01-01

IMRT delivery follows a planned leaf sequence, which is optimized before treatment delivery. However, it is hard to model real-time variations, such as respiration, in the planning procedure. In this paper, we propose a negative feedback system of IMRT delivery that incorporates real-time optimization to account for intra-fraction motion. Specifically, we developed a feasible workflow of real-time motion-adaptive-optimization (MAO) for TomoTherapy delivery. TomoTherapy delivery is characterized by thousands of projections with a fast projection rate and ultra-fast binary leaf motion. The technique of MAO-guided delivery calculates (i) the motion-encoded dose that has been delivered up to any given projection during the delivery and (ii) the future dose that will be delivered based on the estimated motion probability and future fluence map. These two pieces of information are then used to optimize the leaf open time of the upcoming projection right before its delivery. It consists of several real-time procedures, including 'motion detection and prediction', 'delivered dose accumulation', 'future dose estimation' and 'projection optimization'. Real-time MAO requires that all procedures are executed in time less than the duration of a projection. We implemented and tested this technique using a TomoTherapy (registered) research system. The MAO calculation took about 100 ms per projection. We calculated and compared MAO-guided delivery with two other types of delivery, motion-without-compensation delivery (MD) and static delivery (SD), using simulated 1D cases, real TomoTherapy plans and the motion traces from clinical lung and prostate patients. The results showed that the proposed technique effectively compensated for motion errors of all test cases. Dose distributions and DVHs of MAO-guided delivery approached those of SD, for regular and irregular respiration with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 3 cm, and for medium and large prostate motions. The results conceptually

Mao-Gilles Stabilization Algorithm

OpenAIRE

Jérôme Gilles

2013-01-01

Originally, the Mao-Gilles stabilization algorithm was designed to compensate the non-rigid deformations due to atmospheric turbulence. Given a sequence of frames affected by atmospheric turbulence, the algorithm uses a variational model combining optical flow and regularization to characterize the static observed scene. The optimization problem is solved by Bregman Iteration and the operator splitting method. The algorithm is simple, efficient, and can be easily generalized for different sce...

The preparation and corrosion behaviors of MAO coating on AZ91D with rare earth conversion precursor film

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cai Jingshun [Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027 (China); Cao Fahe, E-mail: nelson_cao@zju.edu.cn [Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027 (China); Chang Linrong; Zheng Junjun [Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027 (China); Zhang Jianqing; Cao Chunan [Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027 (China); State Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection, Institute of Metal Research, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016 (China)

2011-02-01

A novel kind of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating was prepared on magnesium alloy surface coated with rare earth conversion film (RE-film) in an alkaline aluminum oxidation electrolyte by AC power source. Inspection of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy, the structure and composition of MAO coating formed on AZ91D with RE-film under different applied voltages were investigated and the performance of the optimized MAO coating compared with the MAO coating directly formed on magnesium alloy. As the pretreatment of magnesium alloy with RE-film, the cerium oxides can be incorporated into the MAO coatings, reduce porosity of the MAO coating surface and enhance the thickness of MAO coating. These structure features and the cerium oxides incorporated into the MAO coating result in greatly improved corrosion resistance. Base on electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement, the electronic structure and composition analysis of the MAO coating, a double-layer structure, with a compact inner layer and a porous outer layer, of the coating was proposed for understanding its corrosion process.

The preparation and corrosion behaviors of MAO coating on AZ91D with rare earth conversion precursor film

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cai Jingshun; Cao Fahe; Chang Linrong; Zheng Junjun; Zhang Jianqing; Cao Chunan

2011-01-01

A novel kind of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating was prepared on magnesium alloy surface coated with rare earth conversion film (RE-film) in an alkaline aluminum oxidation electrolyte by AC power source. Inspection of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy, the structure and composition of MAO coating formed on AZ91D with RE-film under different applied voltages were investigated and the performance of the optimized MAO coating compared with the MAO coating directly formed on magnesium alloy. As the pretreatment of magnesium alloy with RE-film, the cerium oxides can be incorporated into the MAO coatings, reduce porosity of the MAO coating surface and enhance the thickness of MAO coating. These structure features and the cerium oxides incorporated into the MAO coating result in greatly improved corrosion resistance. Base on electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement, the electronic structure and composition analysis of the MAO coating, a double-layer structure, with a compact inner layer and a porous outer layer, of the coating was proposed for understanding its corrosion process.

Effect of Na2WO4 in Electrolyte on Microstructure and Tribological Behavior of Micro-arc Oxidation Coatings on Ti2AlNb Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

LIU Xiao-hui

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Micro-arc oxidation (MAO ceramic coatings were prepared on Ti2AlNb alloy in silicate/phosphate electrolytes with different concentrations of Na2WO4. The influence of Na2WO4 on the coating growth process, coating structure and composition was analyzed by SEM, XRD and XPS. The tribological behavior of MAO coatings was evaluated by the ball-disc wear test. The results show that the growth rate of MAO coating in electrolyte without Na2WO4 is only 0.08μm/min, meanwhile, the coating is loose and rough, and "networks" connecting with big pores exist on the coating surface.The main phase compositions of this coating are rutile TiO2, anatase TiO2, Al2O3, and Nb2O5. The addition of Na2WO4 in the electrolyte shortens the time before sparking of Ti2AlNb alloy, increases the growth rate of the coating, improves the uniformity of coating and meanwhile, a small amount of WO3 is introduced in the coating. Besides, MAO coatings formed in the participation of Na2WO4 have better wear resistance. Severe abrasive wear occurs when the test is made on Ti2AlNb alloy with Si3N4, the friction coefficient reaches 0.5-0.7. Both the friction coefficient and wear rate decrease obviously when Ti2AlNb is treated by MAO. The friction coefficient and wear rate of MAO coating prepared in the electrolyte with 4g/L Na2WO4 are 0.24 and 6.2×10-4mm3/(N·m, respectively. Only "fish scales" caused by fatigue wear appears on the coating surface.

Mao-Gilles Stabilization Algorithm

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jérôme Gilles

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Originally, the Mao-Gilles stabilization algorithm was designed to compensate the non-rigid deformations due to atmospheric turbulence. Given a sequence of frames affected by atmospheric turbulence, the algorithm uses a variational model combining optical flow and regularization to characterize the static observed scene. The optimization problem is solved by Bregman Iteration and the operator splitting method. The algorithm is simple, efficient, and can be easily generalized for different scenarios involving non-rigid deformations.

Degradation behavior of n-MAO/EPD bio-ceramic composite coatings on magnesium alloy in simulated body fluid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xiong, Ying, E-mail: yxiong@zjut.edu.cn [College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032 (China); Lu, Chao [College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032 (China); Wang, Chao; Song, Renguo [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164 (China); Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials Surface Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164 (China)

2015-03-15

Highlights: • A bio-ceramic n-MAO/EPD coating was prepared by combined MAO and EPD technique. • The precipitates of Ca/P compound are formed on the surface samples during immersion. • The n-MAO/EPD coating with HA dense structure has a favorable anti-corrosion effect. • Two degradation mechanism models for the n-MAO and n-MAO/EPD coating were proposed. - Abstract: The bio-ceramic composite coatings have been fabricated on ZK60 magnesium (Mg) alloy to improve its bio-corrosion resistance in a simulated body fluid (SBF). Firstly, micro-arc oxidation coatings (n-MAO coating) with the addition of zirconium oxide (ZrO{sub 2}) and cerium oxide (CeO{sub 2}) nano-particles were prepared by MAO technique on ZK60Mg alloy in alkaline electrolyte. Secondly, nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) was deposited on the surface of n-MAO coatings by using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique. The degradation behavior of the coated samples was investigated by means of immersion tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the SBF at 36.5 ± 0.5 °C. The variation of phase composition, surface and cross-section morphology of coatings at different immersion stages were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The results showed that the precipitation layer with biological activity formed on the surface of coated samples during the SBF immersion, which can inhibit Mg alloys from degrading effectively. The n-MAO/EPD composite coating with HA dense structure has a favorable anti-corrosion effect compared to the n-MAO coating. Degradation mechanism model of the corrosion process at different corrosion stages for two kinds of coatings were proposed. The long-term corrosion protection of the n-MAO/EPD composite coating was governed significantly by the synergistic effect of phase composition stability and micro structural integrity.

Degradation behavior of n-MAO/EPD bio-ceramic composite coatings on magnesium alloy in simulated body fluid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xiong, Ying; Lu, Chao; Wang, Chao; Song, Renguo

2015-01-01

Highlights: • A bio-ceramic n-MAO/EPD coating was prepared by combined MAO and EPD technique. • The precipitates of Ca/P compound are formed on the surface samples during immersion. • The n-MAO/EPD coating with HA dense structure has a favorable anti-corrosion effect. • Two degradation mechanism models for the n-MAO and n-MAO/EPD coating were proposed. - Abstract: The bio-ceramic composite coatings have been fabricated on ZK60 magnesium (Mg) alloy to improve its bio-corrosion resistance in a simulated body fluid (SBF). Firstly, micro-arc oxidation coatings (n-MAO coating) with the addition of zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) nano-particles were prepared by MAO technique on ZK60Mg alloy in alkaline electrolyte. Secondly, nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) was deposited on the surface of n-MAO coatings by using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique. The degradation behavior of the coated samples was investigated by means of immersion tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the SBF at 36.5 ± 0.5 °C. The variation of phase composition, surface and cross-section morphology of coatings at different immersion stages were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The results showed that the precipitation layer with biological activity formed on the surface of coated samples during the SBF immersion, which can inhibit Mg alloys from degrading effectively. The n-MAO/EPD composite coating with HA dense structure has a favorable anti-corrosion effect compared to the n-MAO coating. Degradation mechanism model of the corrosion process at different corrosion stages for two kinds of coatings were proposed. The long-term corrosion protection of the n-MAO/EPD composite coating was governed significantly by the synergistic effect of phase composition stability and micro structural integrity

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the MaoC-like dehydratase from Phytophthora capsici

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Huizheng; Guo, Jiubiao; Pang, Hai; Zhang, Xiuguo

2010-01-01

The MaoC-like dehydratase from P. capsici was cloned, expressed and purified to homogeneity. Crystals were obtained that diffracted to 1.93 Å resolution. MaoC-like dehydratase (MaoC) plays an important role in supplying (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA from the fatty-acid oxidation pathway to polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthetic pathways. PHAs have been attracting much attention as they can be used in the biosynthesis of synthetic plastics. Crystals of MaoC from Phytophora capsici were grown by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method at 289 K in a number of screening conditions. An MaoC crystal diffracted to 1.93 Å resolution using X-ray radiation and belonged to the orthorhombic space group P2 1 2 1 2 1 , with unit-cell parameters a = 81.458, b = 82.614, c = 124.228 Å, α = β = γ = 90°

Inhibition of MAO by fractions and constituents of hypericum extract.

Science.gov (United States)

Bladt, S; Wagner, H

1994-10-01

The inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) by six fractions from hypericum extract and three characteristic constituents (as pure substances) were analyzed in vitro and ex vivo to study the antidepressive mechanism of action. Rat brain homogenates were used as the in vitro model, while the ex vivo analysis was performed after intraperitoneal application of the test substances to albino rats. Massive inhibition of MAO-A could be shown with the total extract and all fractions only at the concentration of 10(-3) mol/L. At 10(-4) mol/L, one fraction rich in flavonoides showed an inhibition of 39%, and all other fractions demonstrated less than 25% inhibition. Using pure hypericin as well as in all ex vivo experiments, no relevant inhibiting effects could be shown. From the results it can be concluded that the clinically proven antidepressive effect of hypericum extract cannot be explained in terms of MAO inhibition.

Differential expression of IL-6/IL-6R and MAO-A regulates invasion/angiogenesis in breast cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Bharti, Rashmi; Dey, Goutam; Das, Anjan Kumar; Mandal, Mahitosh

2018-04-26

Monoamine oxidases (MAO) are mitochondrial enzymes functioning in oxidative metabolism of monoamines. The action of MAO-A has been typically described in neuro-pharmacological domains. Here, we have established a co-relation between IL-6/IL-6R and MAO-A and their regulation in hypoxia induced invasion/angiogenesis. We employed various in-vitro and in-vivo techniques and clinical samples. We studied a co-relation among MAO-A and IL-6/IL-6R and tumour angiogenesis/invasion in hypoxic environment in breast cancer model. Activation of IL-6/IL-6R and its downstream was found in hypoxic cancer cells. This elevation of IL-6/IL-6R caused sustained inhibition of MAO-A in hypoxic environment. Inhibition of IL-6R signalling or IL-6R siRNA increased MAO-A activity and inhibited tumour angiogenesis and invasion significantly in different models. Further, elevation of MAO-A with 5-azacytidine (5-Aza) modulated IL-6 mediated angiogenesis and invasive signatures including VEGF, MMPs and EMT in hypoxic breast cancer. High grade invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) clinical specimen displayed elevated level of IL-6R and depleted MAO-A expression. Expression of VEGF and HIF-1α was unregulated and loss of E-Cadherin was observed in high grade IDC tissue specimen. Suppression of MAO-A by IL-6/IL-6R activation promotes tumour angiogenesis and invasion in hypoxic breast cancer environment.

First results of MAO NASU SS bodies photographic archive digitizing

Science.gov (United States)

Pakuliak, L.; Andruk, V.; Shatokhina, S.; Golovnya, V.; Yizhakevych, O.; Kulyk, I.

2013-05-01

MAO NASU glass archive encloses about 1800 photographic plates with planets and their satellites (including near 80 images of Uranus, Pluto and Neptune), about 1700 plates with minor planets and about 900 plates with comets. Plates were made during 1949-1999 using 11 telescopes of different focus, mostly the Double Wide-angle Astrograph (F/D=2000/400) and the Double Long-focus Astrograph (F/D=5500/400) of MAO NASU. Observational sites are Kyiv, Lviv (Ukraine), Biurakan (Armenia), Abastumani (Georgia), Mt. Maidanak (Uzbekistan), Quito (Equador). Tables contain data about the most significant numbers of plates sub-divided by years and objects. The database with metadata of plates (DBGPA) is available on the computer cluster of MAO (http://gua.db.ukr-vo.org) via open access. The database accumulates archives of four Ukrainian observatories, involving the UkrVO national project. Together with the archive managing system, the database serves as a test area for JDA - Joint Digital Archive - the core of the UkrVO.

Structure reveals regulatory mechanisms of a MaoC-like hydratase from Phytophthora capsici involved in biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs).

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Huizheng; Zhang, Kai; Zhu, Jie; Song, Weiwei; Zhao, Li; Zhang, Xiuguo

2013-01-01

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have attracted increasing attention as "green plastic" due to their biodegradable, biocompatible, thermoplastic, and mechanical properties, and considerable research has been undertaken to develop low cost/high efficiency processes for the production of PHAs. MaoC-like hydratase (MaoC), which belongs to (R)-hydratase involved in linking the β-oxidation and the PHA biosynthetic pathways, has been identified recently. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of (R)-hydratase catalysis is critical for efficient production of PHAs that promise synthesis an environment-friendly plastic. We have determined the crystal structure of a new MaoC recognized from Phytophthora capsici. The crystal structure of the enzyme was solved at 2.00 Å resolution. The structure shows that MaoC has a canonical (R)-hydratase fold with an N-domain and a C-domain. Supporting its dimerization observed in structure, MaoC forms a stable homodimer in solution. Mutations that disrupt the dimeric MaoC result in a complete loss of activity toward crotonyl-CoA, indicating that dimerization is required for the enzymatic activity of MaoC. Importantly, structure comparison reveals that a loop unique to MaoC interacts with an α-helix that harbors the catalytic residues of MaoC. Deletion of the loop enhances the enzymatic activity of MaoC, suggesting its inhibitory role in regulating the activity of MaoC. The data in our study reveal the regulatory mechanism of an (R)-hydratase, providing information on enzyme engineering to produce low cost PHAs.

Microstructure and properties of duplex (Ti:N)-DLC/MAO coating on magnesium alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yang, Wei; Ke, Peiling [Ningbo Key Laboratory of Marine Protection Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China); Fang, Yong [Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhe Jiang University, Zhejiang 310016 (China); Zheng, He [Ningbo Key Laboratory of Marine Protection Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China); Wang, Aiying, E-mail: aywang@nimte.ac.cn [Ningbo Key Laboratory of Marine Protection Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China)

2013-04-01

Ti and N co-doped diamond-like carbon ((Ti:N)-DLC) film was deposited on the MAO coated substrate using a hybrid beam deposition system, which consists of a DC magnetron sputtering of Ti target and a linear ion source (LIS) with C{sub 2}H{sub 2} and N{sub 2} precursor gas. The microstructure and properties of the duplex (Ti:N)-DLC/MAO coating were investigated. Results indicate that the (Ti:N)-DLC top film with TiN crystalline phase was formed. Ti and N co-doping resulted in the increasing I{sub D}/I{sub G} ratio. The significant improvement in the wear and corrosion resistance of duplex (Ti:N)-DLC/MAO coating was mainly attributed to the increased binding strength, lubrication characteristics and chemical inertness of (Ti:N)-DLC top film. The superior low-friction and anti-corrosion properties of duplex (Ti:N)-DLC/MAO coating make it a good candidate as protective coating on magnesium alloy.

Are MAO-A deficiency states in the general population and in putative high-risk populations highly uncommon?

Science.gov (United States)

Murphy, D L; Sims, K; Eisenhofer, G; Greenberg, B D; George, T; Berlin, F; Zametkin, A; Ernst, M; Breakefield, X O

1998-01-01

Lack of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) due to either Xp chromosomal deletions or alterations in the coding sequence of the gene for this enzyme are associated with marked changes in monoamine metabolism and appear to be associated with variable cognitive deficits and behavioral changes in humans and in transgenic mice. In mice, some of the most marked behavioral changes are ameliorated by pharmacologically-induced reductions in serotonin synthesis during early development, raising the question of possible therapeutic interventions in humans with MAO deficiency states. At the present time, only one multi-generational family and a few other individuals with marked MAO-A deficiency states have been identified and studied in detail. Although MAO deficiency states associated with Xp chromosomal deletions were identified by distinct symptoms (including blindness in infancy) produced by the contiguous Norrie disease gene, the primarily behavioral phenotype of individuals with the MAO mutation is less obvious. This paper reports a sequential research design and preliminary results from screening several hundred volunteers in the general population and from putative high-risk groups for possible MAO deficiency states. These preliminary results suggest that marked MAO deficiency states are very rare.

Structure reveals regulatory mechanisms of a MaoC-like hydratase from Phytophthora capsici involved in biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Huizheng Wang

Full Text Available Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs have attracted increasing attention as "green plastic" due to their biodegradable, biocompatible, thermoplastic, and mechanical properties, and considerable research has been undertaken to develop low cost/high efficiency processes for the production of PHAs. MaoC-like hydratase (MaoC, which belongs to (R-hydratase involved in linking the β-oxidation and the PHA biosynthetic pathways, has been identified recently. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of (R-hydratase catalysis is critical for efficient production of PHAs that promise synthesis an environment-friendly plastic.We have determined the crystal structure of a new MaoC recognized from Phytophthora capsici. The crystal structure of the enzyme was solved at 2.00 Å resolution. The structure shows that MaoC has a canonical (R-hydratase fold with an N-domain and a C-domain. Supporting its dimerization observed in structure, MaoC forms a stable homodimer in solution. Mutations that disrupt the dimeric MaoC result in a complete loss of activity toward crotonyl-CoA, indicating that dimerization is required for the enzymatic activity of MaoC. Importantly, structure comparison reveals that a loop unique to MaoC interacts with an α-helix that harbors the catalytic residues of MaoC. Deletion of the loop enhances the enzymatic activity of MaoC, suggesting its inhibitory role in regulating the activity of MaoC.The data in our study reveal the regulatory mechanism of an (R-hydratase, providing information on enzyme engineering to produce low cost PHAs.

MAO-A inhibition profiles of some benzophenone glucosides from Gentiana verna subsp. pontica

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kaya, Duygu; Jäger, Anna; Yalçin, Funda N

2014-01-01

Gentiana verna L. subsp. pontica (Soltok.) Hayek, G. pyrenaica L., and G. verna L. subsp. balcanica Pritchard from Turkey were tested for their MAO-A inhibitory effects. A photometric peroxidase linked MAO-A bioassay performed on the H20 extracts prepared from the methanolic extracts of the title...

Mao & Püha Eliisabet / Jüri Kuuskemaa

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kuuskemaa, Jüri, 1942-

2000-01-01

Kadrioru lossis Väliskunstimuuseumi ekspositsioonis olevast antikvaar August Käbi pärandist pärit maalist. Kunstiteadlase Mai Levini arvates võib maali autoriks olla Rooma kunstnik Tommaso Salini, hüüdnimega Mao. Maali süzee: "Püha Eliisabeti kuulutus". 1 ill

Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibition by active principles from Uncaria rhynchophylla.

Science.gov (United States)

Hou, Wen-Chi; Lin, Rong-Dih; Chen, Cheng-Tang; Lee, Mei-Hsien

2005-08-22

Attenuation of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) activity may provide protection against oxidative neurodegeneration. For this reason, inhibition of MAO-B activity is used as part of the treatment of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's patients. The hook of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Jacks. (Rubiaceae) is a traditional Chinese herbal drug that is generally used to treat convulsive disorders. In this study, the fractionation and purification of Uncaria rhynchophylla extracts using a bioguided assay isolated two known compounds, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin. The compounds inhibited MAO-B, as measured by an assay of rat brain MAO-B separated by electrophoresis on a 7.5% native polyacrylamide gel. The IC(50) values of (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin were 88.6 and 58.9 microM, respectively, and inhibition occurred in a dose-dependent manner, as measured by the fluorescence method. The Lineweaver-Burk plot revealed K(i) values for (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin of 74 and 21 microM, respectively. This suggests that these two compounds, isolated here for the first time from Uncaria rhynchophylla, might be able to protect against neurodegeneration in vitro, and, therefore, the molecular mechanism deserves further study. This finding may also increase interest in the health benefits of Uncaria rhynchophylla.

The n-MAO/EPD bio-ceramic composite coating fabricated on ZK60 magnesium alloy using combined micro-arc oxidation with electrophoretic deposition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xiong, Ying, E-mail: yxiong@zjut.edu.cn [College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032 (China); Lu, Chao [College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032 (China); Wang, Chao; Song, Renguo [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164 (China); Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials Surface Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164 (China)

2014-12-15

Highlights: • Adding CeO{sub 2}/ZrO{sub 2} nano-particles to modify the properties of n-MAO coating. • A bio-ceramic n-MAO/EPD composite coating was prepared by two-step methods. • The n-MAO/EPD composite coating with HA has a favorable anti-corrosion effect. - Abstract: A bio-ceramic composite coating was fabricated on ZK60 magnesium (Mg) alloy using combined micro-arc oxidation (MAO) with electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique. The MAO coating as the basal layer was produced in alkaline electrolyte with (n-MAO coating) and without (MAO coating) the addition of CeO{sub 2} and ZrO{sub 2} nano-particles, respectively. A hydroxyapatite (HA) coating as the covering layer was deposited on the n-MAO coating to improve the biological properties of the coating (n-MAO/EPD composite coating). The morphology and phase composition of three treated coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The corrosion resistance of these coatings was evaluated with potentiodynamic polarization tests and immersion tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 36.5 ± 0.5 °C. The XRD spectra showed that the CeO{sub 2} and ZrO{sub 2} peaks can be collected in the n-MAO coating, and HA particles exists in the n-MAO/EPD composite coating. The results of corrosion tests indicated that the n-MAO/EPD composite coating owned increased bioactivity and long-term protective ability compared with the MAO coating and the n-MAO coating. Thus Mg alloy coated with the n-MAO/EPD composite coating should be more suited as biodegradable bone implants.

Tribological properties of duplex MAO/DLC coatings on magnesium alloy using combined microarc oxidation and filtered cathodic arc deposition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liang Jun; Wang Peng; Hu Litian; Hao Jingcheng

2007-01-01

The combined microarc oxidation (MAO) and filtered cathode arc deposition process was used to deposit duplex MAO/DLC coating on AM60B magnesium alloy. The microstructure and composition of the resulting duplex coating were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The tribological behaviors of the duplex coating were studied by ball-on-disk friction testing. It is found that the Ti-doped DLC thin film could be successfully deposited onto the polished MAO coating. The duplex MAO/DLC coating exhibits a better tribological property than the DLC or MAO monolayer on Mg alloy substrate, owing to the MAO coating served as an intermediate layer provides improved load support for the soft Mg alloy substrate and the DLC top coating exhibits low friction coefficient

Norrie disease and MAO genes: nearest neighbors.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Z Y; Denney, R M; Breakefield, X O

1995-01-01

The Norrie disease and MAO genes are tandemly arranged in the p11.4-p11.3 region of the human X chromosome in the order tel-MAOA-MAOB-NDP-cent. This relationship is conserved in the mouse in the order tel-MAOB-MAOA-NDP-cent. The MAO genes appear to have arisen by tandem duplication of an ancestral MAO gene, but their positional relationship to NDP appears to be random. Distinctive X-linked syndromes have been described for mutations in the MAOA and NDP genes, and in addition, individuals have been identified with contiguous gene syndromes due to chromosomal deletions which encompass two or three of these genes. Loss of function of the NDP gene causes a syndrome of congenital blindness and progressive hearing loss, sometimes accompanied by signs of CNS dysfunction, including variable mental retardation and psychiatric symptoms. Other mutations in the NDP gene have been found to underlie another X-linked eye disease, exudative vitreo-retinopathy. An MAOA deficiency state has been described in one family to date, with features of altered amine and amine metabolite levels, low normal intelligence, apparent difficulty in impulse control and cardiovascular difficulty in affected males. A contiguous gene syndrome in which all three genes are lacking, as well as other as yet unidentified flanking genes, results in severe mental retardation, small stature, seizures and congenital blindness, as well as altered amine and amine metabolites. Issues that remain to be resolved are the function of the NDP gene product, the frequency and phenotype of the MAOA deficiency state, and the possible occurrence and phenotype of an MAOB deficiency state.

Development of positron tracer for in vivo estimation of brain MAO-B activity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inoue, Osamu; Tominaga, Toshiyoshi; Fukuda, Nobuo; Suzuki, Kazutoshi; Yamasaki, Toshio

1984-01-01

Both the specificity and the measurable range of enzyme activity of this method were found to be much dependent upon the enzymatic properties of substrate-tracer. The measurable range of brain enzyme activity was found to be from zero to the maximum value which was dependent upon two factors; the elimination rate of substratetracer from the brain (Ksub(el)) and the Vsub(max)/Ksub(m) value of substrate. The detectable range of changes in enzyme activity can be made wider by using another substrate as a tracer which has a lower Vsub(max)/Ksub(m) value or larger Ksub(el) value. The specificity can be also favorably designed by selection of substrate with various enzymatic or physico-chemical properties as a tracer. N, N-dimethyl phenylethylamine (DMPEA) was selected as a substrate-tracer for the estimation of brain MAO-B activity. Very high accumulation of radioactivity into mouse brain at 1 min after intravenous injection of 11 C-DMPEA, and a long-term retention of radioactivity in the brain were observed. 11 C-DMPEA seemed to be metabolized to 11 C-dimethylamine by brain MAO, and be trapped by the blood-brain barrier. When various dosage of 1-deprenyl (a specific MAO-B inhibitor) were pretreated, brain radioactivity at 1 hr after injection of 11 C-DMPEA significantly decreased in a dosage (1-deprenyl)-dependent way, while pretreatment with clorgyline (a specific MAO-A inhibitor) had no effect. This decrease in radioactivity might be due to the decrease of the production rate of labeled metabolite ( 11 C-dimethylamine) in the brain. The relationship between the radioactivity remaining at 1 hr after injection and MAO-B activity remaining in the brain was quite paralle. 11 C-DMPEA seems to be a specific radiotracer for the external detection of alterations in MAO-B activity in the brain with a fair sensitivity. (J.P.N.)

The lasting impression of chairman Mao: hyperfidelity of familiar-face memory.

Science.gov (United States)

Ge, Liezhong; Luo, Jing; Nishimura, Mayu; Lee, Kang

2003-01-01

We examined the accuracy of a highly-familiar-face representation in memory. In experiment 1, a famous portrait of Chairman Mao was digitally altered in terms of the distance between his two eyes, two pixels at a time. Mainland Chinese adults were shown the original or altered photos, one at a time, and asked to determine whether each was that of Chairman Mao or altered. Eastern Asian and Caucasian participants, who were unfamiliar with Mao's photo, were shown simultaneously the original face paired with the altered ones and asked to determine whether the photos were identical. The Mainland Chinese participants' memory threshold approximated the perceptual discrimination threshold of the Eastern Asian and Caucasian participants. Experiments 2 and 3 ruled out that the result of experiment I was due to artifacts of photographic alteration. The findings of the present study suggest that our memory of a very familiar face is highly accurate, at least in terms of the interocular configuration. The accuracy is perhaps only limited by the perceptual resolution capacity of our visual system.

Pharmacology of Rasagiline, a New MAO-B Inhibitor Drug for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease with Neuroprotective Potential

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John P.M. Finberg

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Rasagiline (Azilect is a highly selective and potent propargylamine inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO type B. Like other similar propargylamine inhibitors, rasagiline binds covalently to the N5 nitrogen of the flavin residue of MAO, resulting in irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. Therapeutic doses of the drug which inhibit brain MAO-B by 95% or more cause minimal inhibition of MAO-A, and do not potentiate the pressor or other pharmacological effects of tyramine. Metabolic conversion of the compound in vivo is by hepatic cytochrome P450-1A2, with generation of 1-aminoindan as the major metabolite. Rasagiline possesses no amphetamine-like properties, by contrast with the related compound selegiline (Deprenyl, Jumex, Eldepryl. Although the exact distribution of MAO isoforms in different neurons and tissues is not known, dopamine behaves largely as a MAO-A substrate in vivo, but following loss of dopaminergic axonal varicosities from the striatum, metabolism by glial MAO-B becomes increasingly important. Following subchronic administration to normal rats, rasagiline increases levels of dopamine in striatal microdialysate, possibly by the build-up of β-phenylethylamine, which is an excellent substrate for MAO-B, and is an effective inhibitor of the plasma membrane dopamine transporter (DAT. Both of these mechanisms may participate in the anti-Parkinsonian effect of rasagiline in humans. Rasagiline possesses neuroprotective properties in a variety of primary neuronal preparations and neuron-like cell lines, which is not due to MAO inhibition. Recent clinical studies have also demonstrated possible neuroprotective properties of the drug in human Parkinsonian patients, as shown by a reduced rate of decline of symptoms over time.

On Mao Tse-tung: A Bibliographic Guide. East Asia Series, Occasional Paper No. 2.

Science.gov (United States)

Shu, Austin C. W.

This bibliography is a selected reference source on the life, politics, philosophy, and works of Mao Tse-tung. It contains 800 documents in Chinese, Japanese, and Western languages that were selected from monographs and journal articles. Most of the entries pertain to Mao's role after 1949 when he emerged as the new leader in Mainland China. The…

Preclinical profile of befloxatone, a new reversible MAO-A inhibitor.

Science.gov (United States)

Curet, O; Damoiseau-Ovens, G; Sauvage, C; Sontag, N; Avenet, P; Depoortere, H; Caille, D; Bergis, O; Scatton, B

1998-12-01

Befloxatone, a novel oxazolidinone derivative, is a potent, selective and reversible monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitor in vitro (K1A = 1.9-3.6 nM) and ex vivo (ED50 MAO-A = 0.02 mg/kg, p.o.). It does not interact with a large number of receptors, monoamine transporters or other amine oxidases. Binding studies with [3H]-befloxatone in rat brain sections show that it labels with high affinity (Kd = 1.3 nM) a single population of sites with the pharmacological characteristics and regional distribution of MAO-A. In the rat brain, befloxatone (0.75 mg/kg, i.p.) increases tissue levels of monoamines and decreases levels of their deaminated metabolites. Acute administration of befloxatone (0.75 mg/kg, i.p.) induces an increase in extracellular striatal dopamine and cortical norepinephrine but not cortical serotonin levels in the rat. Befloxatone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) potently inhibits the firing rate of serotonergic neurons, partially decreases the firing of noradrenergic neurons and has no effect on the firing of dopaminergic neurons (a mirror image of its effects on monoamine release in terminal regions), suggesting that the relative effects of befloxatone on monoamine release may be governed by autoreceptor-mediated control of monoaminergic neurons at the cell body level. Befloxatone (0.03-0.3 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibits potent activity in behavioural models predictive of antidepressant activity. Befloxatone (up to 1.5 mg/kg, p.o.) does not potentiate the pressor effects of orally administered tyramine at centrally active doses and duodenal [3H]-befloxatone binding is displaced by increasing doses of orally administered tyramine (0.1-40 mg/kg, i.p.). These results suggest that befloxatone is a potent reversible MAO-A inhibitor with antidepressant potential and a wide safety margin with regard to the potentiation of the pressor effect of tyramine.

New coumarin derivatives: design, synthesis and use as inhibitors of hMAO.

Science.gov (United States)

He, Xu; Chen, Yan-Yan; Shi, Jing-Bo; Tang, Wen-Jiang; Pan, Zhi-Xiang; Dong, Zhi-Qiang; Song, Bao-An; Li, Jun; Liu, Xin-Hua

2014-07-15

A series new 2H-chromene-3-carboxamides (4a-4i) and S-2H-chromene-3-carbothioates (5j-5t) were synthesized and evaluated as monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors. Among them, compound 5k (IC50=0.21μM, IC50 iproniazid=7.65μM) showed the most activity and higher MAO-B selectivity (189.2-fold vs 1-fold) with respect to the MAO-A isoform. The need to clarify at a 3D level some important molecular aspects of discussed SAR, we undertaked a number of docking simulations to better assess. The steric effect was analyzed interms of both posing and scoring by investigating the nature of the binding interactions. The docking results of active compound 5k with hMAO-B complex indicated that conserved residue ILE 199 was important for ligand binding via Sigma-Pi interaction. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Gandhi and Mao on manual labour in the school: A retrospective analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Zachariah, Mathew; Hoffman, Arlene

1985-12-01

Mahatma Gandhi's views on relating the world of formal education to the world of work were developed first in his experimental `Tolstoy Farm' in South Africa. On his return to India, Gandhi insisted that a required manual labour component in the curriculum would help regenerate India's village economy, develop in India's children a deeper understanding of India's cultural roots, motivate children to relate `book learning' to life in society, and destroy invidious caste distinctions. The major proposals and suggestions in Gandhi's writing will be discussed in the context of his hopes for using schooling as an agent of progress in India. Mao Ze-Dong's views, on the other hand, were developed in the context of his Yenan experience in the 1930s, i.e. the decision to consolidate a power base in the interior of China before waging a class war against the landlords and capitalists of China. Mao's views were also, to some extent, rooted in the Chinese reality of stagnant, poverty-stricken rural areas. But, Mao's writings indicate that Marxist hopes to relate theory and practice (as understood in dialectical materialism) and to ensure that everyone participated in mental as well as manual labour in a socialist society had led him to formulate his proposals. Both Gandhi's and Mao's views and proposals have been more or less abandoned in India and China respectively. The similar and dissimilar reasons which led to such a fate are examined in this retrospective analysis.

Reversible Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase-A (RIMAs): Robust, Reversible Inhibition of Human Brain MAO-A by CX157

Science.gov (United States)

Fowler, Joanna S; Logan, Jean; Azzaro, Albert J; Fielding, Robert M; Zhu, Wei; Poshusta, Amy K; Burch, Daniel; Brand, Barry; Free, James; Asgharnejad, Mahnaz; Wang, Gene-Jack; Telang, Frank; Hubbard, Barbara; Jayne, Millard; King, Payton; Carter, Pauline; Carter, Scott; Xu, Youwen; Shea, Colleen; Muench, Lisa; Alexoff, David; Shumay, Elena; Schueller, Michael; Warner, Donald; Apelskog-Torres, Karen

2010-01-01

Reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase-A (RIMA) inhibit the breakdown of three major neurotransmitters, serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine, offering a multi-neurotransmitter strategy for the treatment of depression. CX157 (3-fluoro-7-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenoxathiin-10,10-dioxide) is a RIMA, which is currently in development for the treatment of major depressive disorder. We examined the degree and reversibility of the inhibition of brain monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) and plasma CX157 levels at different times after oral dosing to establish a dosing paradigm for future clinical efficacy studies, and to determine whether plasma CX157 levels reflect the degree of brain MAO-A inhibition. Brain MAO-A levels were measured with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and [11C]clorgyline in 15 normal men after oral dosing of CX157 (20–80 mg). PET imaging was conducted after single and repeated doses of CX157 over a 24-h time course. We found that 60 and 80 mg doses of CX157 produced a robust dose-related inhibition (47–72%) of [11C]clorgyline binding to brain MAO-A at 2 h after administration and that brain MAO-A recovered completely by 24 h post drug. Plasma CX157 concentration was highly correlated with the inhibition of brain MAO-A (EC50: 19.3 ng/ml). Thus, CX157 is the first agent in the RIMA class with documented reversible inhibition of human brain MAO-A, supporting its classification as a RIMA, and the first RIMA with observed plasma levels that can serve as a biomarker for the degree of brain MAO-A inhibition. These data were used to establish the dosing regimen for a current clinical efficacy trial with CX157. PMID:19890267

Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Evaluation of 1,3,5-Triazine Amino Acid Derivatives to Study Their MAO Inhibitors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sherine N. Khattab

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Three series of 4,6-dimethoxy-, 4,6-dipiperidino- and 4,6-dimorpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl amino acid derivatives were synthesized and characterized. A preliminary study for their monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity showed that compounds 7, 18, and 25 had MAO-A inhibition activity comparable to that of the standard clorgyline, with apparently more selective inhibitory activity toward MAO-A than MAO-B and no significant acute toxicity.

Mao-to Prolongs the Survival of and Reduces TNF-α Expression in Mice with Viral Myocarditis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhu Shijie

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Goal of this study was to evaluate effects of Mao-to on development of myocarditis induced by encephalomyocarditis (EMC virus in mice. Mice were randomly divided into five groups. Group N included uninfected controls (n = 18, while group A, B and C underwent intraperitoneal injection of EMC virus. Group A was administered oral saline from day 0 to day 4. Group B was administered oral Mao-to (500 mg−1 kg−1 day−1 from day 0 to day 4. Group C was administered Mao-to from day 2 to day 6. Group D was administered Mao-to from day 5 to day 10. Treated mice were followed for survival rates during 2 weeks after infection. Body weight (BW and organ weights including heart (HW, lungs, thymus and spleen were examined on days 4, 6 and 14. Survival rate of group C (36.4% was significantly improved compared with group A, B or D (0% of each, P < 0.05. HW and HW/BW ratio in group C was significantly (P < 0.05 lower than those in group A, B or D. Viral titers of hearts were significantly different among groups A, B and C. Cardiac expression in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α was significantly reduced in group C in comparison with group A, B or D on day 6 by immunohistochemical study. Administration of Mao-to starting on day 2 improves mortality resulting from viral myocarditis in mice with reduced expression of cardiac TNF-α. These findings suggest that timing of Mao-to is crucial for preventing cardiac damage in mice with viral myocarditis.

Síndrome de personalidade interictal na epilepsia do lobo temporal não-dominante: relato de caso Interictal personality syndrome in temporal lobe epilepsy: case report

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

PAULO C. TREVISOL-BITTENCOURT

2000-06-01

Full Text Available A síndrome de personalidade interictal na epilepsia do lobo temporal não-dominante consiste de hipossexualidade, hiperreligiosidade, alteração do humor e hipergrafia. Sua descrição, em 1974, foi seguida de extensa busca por estes sinais em uma vasta população de pacientes epilépticos. No entanto, estes estudos científicos fracassaram em encontrar este síndrome na epilepsia do lobo temporal em geral. Sua existência foi, por conseguinte, posta em dúvida. Apresentamos o caso de um senhor de 35 anos cuja peculiaridade hipergráfica é o desenho de plantas de construção civil em grande quantidade, além de hiperreligiosidade, hipossexualidade e circunstancialidade. É o primeiro relato deste tipo de expressão gráfica associada à epilepsia parcial complexa e esclerose mesial temporal. Dentre os mecanismos fisiopatológicos propostos, o mais coerente é o da hiperconexão temporal. Embora as crises possam ser controladas em grande parte dos casos com tratamento clínico ou cirúrgico, a sintomatologia comportamental é refratária ao tratamento psicoterápico.The syndrome of interictal personality in non-dominant temporal lobe epilepsy consists of hyposexuality, hyperreligiosity, humorlessness and hypergraphia. Its notification, in 1974, was followed by an extensive search for these traits in broad epileptic populations. Nevertheless, these statistical studies failed to match this syndrome in general temporal lobe epileptics, and its existence became then target of doubt. We report the case of a 35 year-old man presenting partial complex epilepsy, whose singularity lies in his sophisticated drawing abilities. The large amount of buildings and houses he paints expresses his hypergraphia. He also presents hyposexuality and hyperreligiosity. MRI shows right mesial temporal sclerosis. Temporal hyperconnection, caused by a basal temporal irritative focus, is the most probable pathophysiological mechanism. Epileptic fits can be controlled

Crescimento em altura dominante do Pinus elliottii e Pinus taeda em solos arenizados degradados no oeste do Rio Grande do Sul

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Renato Schneider

2013-11-01

Full Text Available A introdução de espécies florestais de rápido crescimento em áreas com solos arenizados e degradados pode ser uma alternativa tanto para a prevenção como para a minimização desse problema. O trabalho objetivou avaliar o crescimento em altura dominante do Pinus elliottii Engelm. e Pinus taeda L. em relação aos solos arenizados e degradados por ação antrópica, no oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS. Para isso, foram selecionadas árvores dominantes em povoamentos com 29 anos de idade, em áreas com dois níveis de degradação, as quais foram abatidas e seccionadas pelo método de Smalian para a obtenção de discos de madeira para a análise dendrocronológica e determinação da altura dominante por idade, no período de 1982 a 2010. Os crescimentos em altura dominante dessas espécies, quando comparados entre si e por nível de degradação do solo, apresentaram tendências diferentes de desenvolvimento no tempo, indicando a presença de polimorfismo das curvas.

STYRENE/STYRENE-DERIVATIVE COPOLYMERIZATION BY PH2Zn-METALLOCENE-MAO SYSTEMS: HOMO- AND COPOLYMERIZATION OF á-METHYLSTYRENE WITH STYRENE

OpenAIRE

RABAGLIATI, FRANCO M; MUÑOZ, HÉCTOR E; MARDONES, GABRIELA V

2010-01-01

The copolymerization of styrene with á-methylstyrene has been tested using combined metallocene-MAO initiator systems with and without diphenylzinc. The metallocenes used were biscyclopentadienyltitanium dichloride, Cp2TiCl2, bis(n-butylcyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride, (n-BuCp)2TiCl2, and the half-sandwich metallocene indenyltitanium trichloride, IndTiCl3. The results indicate that both binary metallocene-MAO, and ternary Ph2Zn-metallocene-MAO systems are capable of polymerizing á-methyl...

Hip, cool, edgy, ovvero la logica culturale dominante del capitalismo neoliberista

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Timothy Taylor

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Nel 1984 Fredric Jameson ha pubblicato il saggio Postmodernismo, ovvero la logica culturale del tardo capitalismo, che ha esercitato un’enorme influenza nel dibattito contemporaneo e che propone una chiave di lettura della produzione culturale nell’era del tardo capitalismo. La sua interpretazione del postmodernismo come “logica culturale dominante” è stata ampiamente citata e ripresa, ma in ultima analisi è stata anche depotenziata dall’uso eccessivo del termine “postmoderno”, che ha relegato in secondo piano la portata originaria del pensiero di Jameson. Oggi, la logica culturale dominante viene descritta attraverso i termini “hip” e “cool”: due aggettivi onnipresenti nell’industria culturale, ma che raramente vengono definiti con precisione. Mentre il termine “hip” sembra avere una storia più lunga e una connotazione ironica, il termine “cool” suggerisce significati simili, ma più strettamente legati alla generazione dei giovani. Negli Stati Uniti, l’egemonia di questa logica culturale è il risultato del predominio delle industrie pubblicitarie e del marketing, che negli anni Sessanta si sono appropriate di questi termini a partire dalla generazione dei baby-boomers. La pratica del coolhunting (“caccia al cool” oggi è diventata un’industria dominante che si riflette nella produzione e nel consumo di qualunque merce, e dunque anche dei beni culturali come la musica. Questo articolo vuole offrire alcuni spunti iniziali per una teorizzazione delle categorie di “hip” e “cool”, intese come elementi dominanti della logica culturale del capitalismo neoliberista.

Rhetoric, Literacy, and Social Change in Post-Mao China

Science.gov (United States)

Wexler, Steven

2009-01-01

State, citizen, and corporate readings of a multifarious "Chineseness" fundamentally shape the space where East and West clash in post-Mao China. This dialectic represents a citizen's working-through a crisis of agency and a nation's negotiation of its role within a global economy. Given that China's subaltern literacies operate within…

Old Book, New Lessons: Mao, Osama, and the Global Qutbist Insurgency

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Rueschhoff, Jan L

2008-01-01

.... Despite these theorists' claims, a long trail of evidence points to a deliberate attempt by Al Qaeda's leadership to model their actions after Mao Tse-tung, Che Guevara, and other classical insurgent...

Improved sensitivity of human brain MAO B measurement using deuterium substituted [{sup 11}C]L-deprenyl ([{sup 11}C]L-deprenyl-D2)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fowler, J.S.; Volkow, N.D.; Wang, G.J. [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY (United States)] [and others

1995-05-01

Post-mortem reports that human brain monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) increases in normal aging and neurodegenerative disorders due to the proliferation of MAO B-rich glial cells suggest that PET measures of MAO B may track gliosis. We have recently shown that the MAO B tracer [{sup 11}C]L-deprenyl has limited sensitivity in regions of high MAO B due to its rapid rate of trapping. This limits its utility for measuring MAO B in brain regions where MAO B is higher and/or where blood flow is low. We have recently demonstrated that [{sup 11}C]L-deprenyl-D2 has improved sensitivity in regions of high MAO B due to the deuterium isotope effect which reduces the rate of trapping. We report studies [{sup 11}C]L-deprenyl-D2 in normal human brain in 16 healthy men and women (age range 23-73) to assess tracer sensitivity, regional distribution, and reproducibility. Graphical analysis for irreversible systems was used to calculate Ki (influx constant) as an index of MAO B concentration in different brain regions. The uptake of carbon-11 in different brain regions was rapid, peaking at 5 minutes and plateauing from 30-60 minutes after an initial clearance. MAO B was highest in subcortical regions: thalamus{ge}basal ganglia>cingulate gyrus>frontal cortex=occipital cortex=cerebellum in agreement with post-mortem measurements. Ki values were highly correlated within an individual. Repeated measures at 1-4 week intervals were highly correlated (r=0.9; p=0.0001). In women (n=8: age range 23-73), Ki increased with increasing age for 8 brain regions (p < 0.04). Though men (N=8; age range 34-70) showed no correlation with age, a larger sample size is needed to adequately assess trends. In summary, the use of [{sup 11}C]L-deprenyl-D2 improves the measurement of MAO B in the human brain permitting its investigation as a positive tracer for glial cell proliferation in neurodegenerative disorders.

Dynamic, adaptive changes in MAO-A binding after alterations in substrate availability: an in vivo [11C]-harmine positron emission tomography study

Science.gov (United States)

Sacher, Julia; Rabiner, Eugenii A; Clark, Michael; Rusjan, Pablo; Soliman, Alexandra; Boskovic, Rada; Kish, Stephen J; Wilson, Alan A; Houle, Sylvain; Meyer, Jeffrey H

2012-01-01

Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is an important target in the pathophysiology and therapeutics of major depressive disorder, aggression, and neurodegenerative conditions. We measured the effect of changes in MAO-A substrate on MAO-A binding in regions implicated in affective and neurodegenerative disease with [11C]-harmine positron emission tomography in healthy volunteers. Monoamine oxidase A VT, an index of MAO-A density, was decreased (mean: 14%±9%) following tryptophan depletion in prefrontal cortex (PMAO-A in maintaining monoamine neurotransmitter homeostasis by rapidly compensating fluctuating monoamine levels. PMID:22186668

Taalverval met besondere verwysing na die ideologieë en praktyke van verstaatliking

OpenAIRE

Malan, Koos

2014-01-01

In hierdie artikel word aangevoer dat verstaatliking in die moderne tydperk die belangrikste oorsaak vir die verdwyning van tale is. Verstaatliking verwys eerstens na die omvangryke territoriale staat, waarin 'n bepaalde dominante elite neig om sy eie karakter en identiteit aan die staat as sodanig toe te dig en van alle ander gemeenskappe (in 'n nie-oorheersende posisie) vereis om hulself in hierdie staatlike identiteit op te los. Tweedens verwys dit na die moderne industriële ekonomie, wat ...

Corrosion and drug release properties of EN-plating/PLGA composite coating on MAO film

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lu Ping; Liu Yin; Guo Meiqing; Fang Haidong; Xu Xinhua

2011-01-01

The electroless nickel plating/poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) composite coating (EN-plating/PLGA composite coating) was fabricated on the surface of the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) film of the magnesium alloy AZ81 to double control the corrosion and drug release in the hanks' solution. The EN-plating was fabricated on the MAO coating to improve the corrosion resistance by overlaying most pores and micro-cracks on the surface of the MAO film. Meanwhile, a double layered organic poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide)/paclitaxel (PLGA/PTX) drug releasing coating with a top layered PLGA drug controlled releasing coating on EN plating was prepared to control the drug release rate by adjusting the different lactide: glycolide (LA:GA) ratio of PLGA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the morphology and the composition of the EN-plating. The corrosion behavior of the magnesium alloy substrate and the status of the drug in the PLGA matrix were respectively evaluated by Potentiodynamic polarization and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The drug release was determined by ultraviolet-visible (UV-visible) spectrophotometer. EN-plating coating which was composed of compact cauliflower nodules was uniform in size and defect free with no pores or cracks. EN-plating could seal the microcracks and microholes on the outer layer of the MAO coating effectively. The corrosion resistance was improved by preventing the corrosive ions from diffusing to the magnesium alloy substrate. The drug release rate of PTX exhibited a nearly linear sustained-release profile with no significant burst releases. - Research highlights: → An organic and in organic EN-plating/PLGA composite coating was first fabricated on the surface of the MAO film. → This composite coating the magnesium alloy AZ81could double control the corrosion and drug release in the hanks' solution. → The drug release rate could be controlled by LG:GA ratio and the PTX

Corrosion and drug release properties of EN-plating/PLGA composite coating on MAO film

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lu Ping [School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); Liu Yin [Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300051 (China); Guo Meiqing; Fang Haidong [School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); Xu Xinhua, E-mail: xhxu_tju@eyou.com [School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China)

2011-10-10

The electroless nickel plating/poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) composite coating (EN-plating/PLGA composite coating) was fabricated on the surface of the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) film of the magnesium alloy AZ81 to double control the corrosion and drug release in the hanks' solution. The EN-plating was fabricated on the MAO coating to improve the corrosion resistance by overlaying most pores and micro-cracks on the surface of the MAO film. Meanwhile, a double layered organic poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide)/paclitaxel (PLGA/PTX) drug releasing coating with a top layered PLGA drug controlled releasing coating on EN plating was prepared to control the drug release rate by adjusting the different lactide: glycolide (LA:GA) ratio of PLGA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the morphology and the composition of the EN-plating. The corrosion behavior of the magnesium alloy substrate and the status of the drug in the PLGA matrix were respectively evaluated by Potentiodynamic polarization and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The drug release was determined by ultraviolet-visible (UV-visible) spectrophotometer. EN-plating coating which was composed of compact cauliflower nodules was uniform in size and defect free with no pores or cracks. EN-plating could seal the microcracks and microholes on the outer layer of the MAO coating effectively. The corrosion resistance was improved by preventing the corrosive ions from diffusing to the magnesium alloy substrate. The drug release rate of PTX exhibited a nearly linear sustained-release profile with no significant burst releases. - Research highlights: {yields} An organic and in organic EN-plating/PLGA composite coating was first fabricated on the surface of the MAO film. {yields} This composite coating the magnesium alloy AZ81could double control the corrosion and drug release in the hanks' solution. {yields} The drug release rate could be controlled by LG

Photographic observations of major planets and their moons in MAO NAS of Ukraine during 1961-1990

Science.gov (United States)

Yizhakevych, O.; Andruk, V.; Pakuliak, L.; Lukianchuk, V.

2017-06-01

We present the results of digitizing and processing of archival observations to obtain the astrometric positions and stellar magnitudes of major planets and their satellites. The work has been done within the framework of the national project "Ukrainian Virtual Observatory" on the basis of photographic observations carried out in MAO NASU. The processing of digital images and the astrometric reduction of data was made in the software package created and developed in MAO for the reduction astrometric negatives. The catalogue includes data of Saturn's moons (S2-S9), obtained using 4 telescopes in 1961-1990. The stellar catalogue TYCHO2 was used as the reference. The internal positional accuracy is ˜ 0.09 - ˜ 0.25 arcsec.The same procedure is now applying for the processing of photographic observations of Neptune, Uranus, and their moons, obtained in MAO during the same period.

DETERMINAÇÃO DA DESCARGA DOMINANTE EM ESTAÇÕES FLUVIOMÉTRICAS DAS REGIÕES OESTE E SUDOESTE DO PARANÁ

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oscar Vicente Quinonez Fernandez

2010-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do trabalho é estimar e comparar dois tipos de vazões dominantes (vazão de margens plenas e descarga com determinado tempo de retorno em 12 estações fluviométricas localizadas nas regiões Oeste e Sudoeste do Estado do Paraná. As estações, operadas pelo Instituto das Águas do Paraná (antiga Suderhsa - Superintendência de Desenvolvimento de Recursos Hídricos e Saneamento Ambiental, estão situadas em regiões cuja geologia, clima e tipo de relevo são similares. A área da bacia a montante das estações variou de 969 a 12.124km2.A descarga com 1,58 anos de recorrência (Q1,58 foi escolhida para representar a vazão dominante com determinado tempo de retorno. Para cada estação foi calculada a vazão Q1,58, a partir de dados históricos de cheias disponíveis no site da Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA. A vazão de margens plenas (Qmp foi estimada através de observações em campo adotando como referencia os depósitos de diques marginais. O tempo de retorno de Qmp nas estações estudadas variou de 0,60 a 3,35 anos. O coeficiente de determinação (R2 obtidas para as relações entre Área de drenagem versus Qmp e Q1,58 versus Qmp foi de 0,961 e 0,909 respectivamente. Tais valores mostram o uso promissor dos depósitos de diques marginais na demarcação da cota de margens plenas no planalto basáltico das regiões Oeste e Sudoeste do Paraná.

Corrosion performance of MAO coatings on AZ31 Mg alloy in simulated body fluid vs. Earle's Balance Salt Solution

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wilke, Benjamin M. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, PO Box 755905, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 (United States); Zhang, Lei, E-mail: lzhang14@alaska.edu [Department of Mechanical Engineering, PO Box 755905, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 (United States); Li, Weiping; Ning, Chengyun [School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641 (China); Chen, Cheng-fu [Department of Mechanical Engineering, PO Box 755905, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 (United States); Gu, Yanhong [College of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617 (China)

2016-02-15

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • MAO coating is deposited on AZ31 Mg alloy by microarc oxidation. • Corrosion performance of MAO-coated AZ31 in EBSS vs. c-SBF is studied. • MAO-coated AZ31 exhibits enhanced corrosion resistance compared to bare AZ31. • Samples in EBSS show slower corrosion progression than the samples in c-SBF. • CO{sub 2} buffer and less chloride in EBSS cause corrosion rate gap in c-SBF and EBSS. - Abstract: Earle's Balance Salt Solution (EBSS) provides an alternative to the conventional simulated body fluids (c-SBF) and has been shown to better simulate the corrosion conditions in vivo. In this work, a series of tests were conducted to explore the corrosion performance of MAO-coated AZ31 samples in EBSS vs. c-SBF. Samples were produced by varying MAO process parameters and then immersed up to 21 days in both EBSS and c-SBF. The corrosion rates were evaluated by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic scanning. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to compare the progression of microcracks across the surface of the coatings. The evaluation of cross-sectional thickness showed an increase in MAO coating thickness with the process voltage. MAO samples with a thicker coating generally have higher impedance and lower current density at the initial immersion time point of 0.5 h. Samples in EBSS showed higher initial impedance and lower current density values as compared to c-SBF counterparts for all process groups. Samples in EBSS demonstrated a much slower corrosion rate than c-SBF samples because of the decreased chloride content and CO{sub 2} buffering mechanism of the EBSS.

Corrosion performance of MAO coatings on AZ31 Mg alloy in simulated body fluid vs. Earle's Balance Salt Solution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wilke, Benjamin M.; Zhang, Lei; Li, Weiping; Ning, Chengyun; Chen, Cheng-fu; Gu, Yanhong

2016-01-01

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • MAO coating is deposited on AZ31 Mg alloy by microarc oxidation. • Corrosion performance of MAO-coated AZ31 in EBSS vs. c-SBF is studied. • MAO-coated AZ31 exhibits enhanced corrosion resistance compared to bare AZ31. • Samples in EBSS show slower corrosion progression than the samples in c-SBF. • CO 2 buffer and less chloride in EBSS cause corrosion rate gap in c-SBF and EBSS. - Abstract: Earle's Balance Salt Solution (EBSS) provides an alternative to the conventional simulated body fluids (c-SBF) and has been shown to better simulate the corrosion conditions in vivo. In this work, a series of tests were conducted to explore the corrosion performance of MAO-coated AZ31 samples in EBSS vs. c-SBF. Samples were produced by varying MAO process parameters and then immersed up to 21 days in both EBSS and c-SBF. The corrosion rates were evaluated by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic scanning. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to compare the progression of microcracks across the surface of the coatings. The evaluation of cross-sectional thickness showed an increase in MAO coating thickness with the process voltage. MAO samples with a thicker coating generally have higher impedance and lower current density at the initial immersion time point of 0.5 h. Samples in EBSS showed higher initial impedance and lower current density values as compared to c-SBF counterparts for all process groups. Samples in EBSS demonstrated a much slower corrosion rate than c-SBF samples because of the decreased chloride content and CO 2 buffering mechanism of the EBSS.

5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole (5-IT): a psychoactive substance used for recreational purposes is an inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase (MAO).

Science.gov (United States)

Herraiz, Tomás; Brandt, Simon D

2014-01-01

5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole (5-IT) is a psychoactive compound that has recently been associated with several fatal and non-fatal intoxications in a number of European countries. There are indications that acute effects may include symptoms of monoaminergic (e.g. serotonin) toxicity and one mechanism involved in the increase of serotonin levels includes the inhibition of monoamine oxidase. This study investigated the effect of 5-IT on human MAO-A and -B isozymes using kynuramine as the substrate. Substrate conversion to 4-hydroxyquinoline was monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection. This method was employed to determine the extent of MAO inhibition (IC50 and Ki ) and it was found that 5-IT was a selective, competitive and reversible inhibitor of MAO-A. 5-IT revealed a relatively potent ability to inhibit MAO-A (IC50  =1.6 μM and Ki  =0.25 μM) while MAO-B inhibition was not observed (0-500 μM 5-IT). Under identical experimental conditions, other established inhibitors of MAO-A and antidepressants provided the following IC50 values: clorgyline 16 nM, harmaline 20 nM, toloxatone 6.7 μM and moclobemide >500 μM. These data indicated that 5-IT was less potent than clorgyline and harmaline but more potent than toloxatone and moclobemide under the in-vitro conditions studied. The inhibition of MAO-A suggests that 5-IT by itself or in combination with other substances may be able to potentiate serotonergic/monoaminergic effects and further studies are needed to clarify its relevance to the adverse effects reported for 5-IT. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The MAO NASU Plate Archive: ``observations in the past'' of minor planets

Science.gov (United States)

Sergeeva, T. P.; Golovnya, V. V.; Sergeev, A. V.

2005-06-01

The Plate Archive of the Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (MAO NASU) includes 20 thousands of direct sky area plates, which have been taken for various astronomical projects during the period of about 50 years. Those plates contain more then hundred thousand images of minor planets with magnitude up to 16.7m. About 10% of minor planets, which may be found on our archive plates were firstly discovered after the time when plates have been taken. So, we can rediscovery them due to the so-called ``observations in the past''. In the paper the criteria for choose of objects and methods of their search, identification, and determination of their position are discussed. First results of the search for potentially hazardous asteroids in the MAO plate archive are presented.

MAO-A inhibitory activity of quercetin from Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Saaby, Lasse; Rasmussen, Hasse Bonde; Jäger, Anna Katharina

2009-01-01

AIM OF THE STUDY: This study investigated MAO-A inhibitory activity of methanol extract of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull., which traditionally has been used as a nerve calming remedy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A methanolic extract of Calluna vulgaris was partitioned against heptane, ethyl acetate...

A primary study on texture modification and proteolysis of mao-tofu ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Proteolysis occurred during fermentation was evaluated by SDS-PAGE and chemical analysis. Results from Texture Profile Analysis showed that adhesiveness of mao-tofu had an increase trend while hardness, cohesiveness and springiness had a decrease trend as fermentation progressed. SEM analysis showed that the ...

Positron emission tomography measurement of brain MAO-B inhibition in patients with Alzheimer's disease and elderly controls after oral administration of sembragiline

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sturm, Stefan; Forsberg, Anton; Stenkrona, Per; Varrone, Andrea; Fazio, Patrik; Nakao, Ryuji; Halldin, Christer; Nave, Stephane; Jamois, Candice; Ricci, Benedicte; Seneca, Nicholas; Comley, Robert A.; Ejduk, Zbigniew; Al-Tawil, Nabil; Akenine, Ulrika; Andreasen, Niels

2017-01-01

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), increased metabolism of monoamines by monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) leads to the production of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are thought to contribute to disease pathogenesis. Inhibition of the MAO-B enzyme may restore brain levels of monoaminergic neurotransmitters, reduce the formation of toxic ROS and reduce neuroinflammation (reactive astrocytosis), potentially leading to neuroprotection. Sembragiline (also referred as RO4602522, RG1577 and EVT 302 in previous communications) is a potent, selective and reversible inhibitor of MAO-B developed as a potential treatment for AD. This study assessed the relationship between plasma concentration of sembragiline and brain MAO-B inhibition in patients with AD and in healthy elderly control (EC) subjects. Positron emission tomography (PET) scans using [ 11 C]- L -deprenyl-D 2 radiotracer were performed in ten patients with AD and six EC subjects, who received sembragiline each day for 6-15 days. At steady state, the relationship between sembragiline plasma concentration and MAO-B inhibition resulted in an E max of ∝80-90 % across brain regions of interest and in an EC 50 of 1-2 ng/mL. Data in patients with AD and EC subjects showed that near-maximal inhibition of brain MAO-B was achieved with 1 mg sembragiline daily, regardless of the population, whereas lower doses resulted in lower and variable brain MAO-B inhibition. This PET study confirmed that daily treatment of at least 1 mg sembragiline resulted in near-maximal inhibition of brain MAO-B enzyme in patients with AD. (orig.)

Crescimento em altura dominante do Pinus elliottii e Pinus taeda em solos arenizados degradados no oeste do Rio Grande do Sul

OpenAIRE

Schneider, Paulo Renato; Elesbão, Luiz Ernesto Grilo; Schneider, Paulo Sérgio Pigato; Longhi, Régis Villanova

2013-01-01

A introdução de espécies florestais de rápido crescimento em áreas com solos arenizados e degradados pode ser uma alternativa tanto para a prevenção como para a minimização desse problema. O trabalho objetivou avaliar o crescimento em altura dominante do Pinus elliottii Engelm. e Pinus taeda L. em relação aos solos arenizados e degradados por ação antrópica, no oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Para isso, foram selecionadas árvores dominantes em povoamentos com 29 anos de idade, em á...

Positron emission tomography measurement of brain MAO-B inhibition in patients with Alzheimer's disease and elderly controls after oral administration of sembragiline

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sturm, Stefan [Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel (Switzerland); F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel (Switzerland); Forsberg, Anton; Stenkrona, Per; Varrone, Andrea; Fazio, Patrik; Nakao, Ryuji; Halldin, Christer [Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Stockholm (Sweden); Nave, Stephane; Jamois, Candice; Ricci, Benedicte [Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel (Switzerland); Seneca, Nicholas [AstraZeneca Translational Science Center, Stockholm (Sweden); Comley, Robert A. [AbbVie, North Chicago, IL (United States); Ejduk, Zbigniew [Miedzyleski Specialistic Hospital, Internal Disease and Gastroenterology, Warsaw (Poland); Al-Tawil, Nabil [Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Trial Alliance Phase 1 Unit, Stockholm (Sweden); Akenine, Ulrika; Andreasen, Niels [Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet Alzheimer Disease Research Centre and Clinical Trial Unit, Geriatric Clinic, Huddinge (Sweden)

2017-03-15

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), increased metabolism of monoamines by monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) leads to the production of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are thought to contribute to disease pathogenesis. Inhibition of the MAO-B enzyme may restore brain levels of monoaminergic neurotransmitters, reduce the formation of toxic ROS and reduce neuroinflammation (reactive astrocytosis), potentially leading to neuroprotection. Sembragiline (also referred as RO4602522, RG1577 and EVT 302 in previous communications) is a potent, selective and reversible inhibitor of MAO-B developed as a potential treatment for AD. This study assessed the relationship between plasma concentration of sembragiline and brain MAO-B inhibition in patients with AD and in healthy elderly control (EC) subjects. Positron emission tomography (PET) scans using [{sup 11}C]-{sub L}-deprenyl-D{sub 2} radiotracer were performed in ten patients with AD and six EC subjects, who received sembragiline each day for 6-15 days. At steady state, the relationship between sembragiline plasma concentration and MAO-B inhibition resulted in an E{sub max} of ∝80-90 % across brain regions of interest and in an EC{sub 50} of 1-2 ng/mL. Data in patients with AD and EC subjects showed that near-maximal inhibition of brain MAO-B was achieved with 1 mg sembragiline daily, regardless of the population, whereas lower doses resulted in lower and variable brain MAO-B inhibition. This PET study confirmed that daily treatment of at least 1 mg sembragiline resulted in near-maximal inhibition of brain MAO-B enzyme in patients with AD. (orig.)

Chemoinformatics Profiling of the Chromone Nucleus as a MAO-B/A2AAR Dual Binding Scaffold.

Science.gov (United States)

Cruz-Monteagudo, Maykel; Borges, Fernanda; Cordeiro, M Natalia D S; Helguera, Aliuska Morales; Tejera, Eduardo; Paz-Y-Mino, Cesar; Sanchez-Rodriguez, Aminael; Perera-Sardina, Yunier; Perez-Castillo, Yunierkis

2017-11-14

In the context of the current drug discovery efforts to find disease modifying therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) the current single target strategy has proved inefficient. Consequently, the search for multi-potent agents is attracting more and more attention due to the multiple pathogenetic factors implicated in PD. Multiple evidences points to the dual inhibition of the monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), as well as adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR) blockade, as a promising approach to prevent the neurodegeneration involved in PD. Currently, only two chemical scaffolds has been proposed as potential dual MAO-B inhibitors/A2AAR antagonists (caffeine derivatives and benzothiazinones). In this study, we conduct a series of chemoinformatics analysis in order to evaluate and advance the potential of the chromone nucleus as a MAO-B/A2AAR dual binding scaffold. The information provided by SAR data mining analysis based on network similarity graphs and molecular docking studies support the suitability of the chromone nucleus as a potential MAOB/ A2AAR dual binding scaffold. Additionally, a virtual screening tool based on a group fusion similarity search approach was developed for the prioritization of potential MAO-B/A2AAR dual binder candidates. Among several data fusion schemes evaluated, the MEAN-SIM and MIN-RANK GFSS approaches demonstrated to be efficient virtual screening tools. Then, a combinatorial library potentially enriched with MAO-B/A2AAR dual binding chromone derivatives was assembled and sorted by using the MIN-RANK and then the MEAN-SIM GFSS VS approaches. The information and tools provided in this work represent valuable decision making elements in the search of novel chromone derivatives with a favorable dual binding profile as MAOB inhibitors and A2AAR antagonists with the potential to act as a disease-modifying therapeutic for Parkinson's disease. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

A combined quantum mechanical and statistical mechanical study of the equilibrium of trimethylaluminum (TMA) and oligomers of (AlOCH(3))(n) found in methylaluminoxane (MAO) solution.

Science.gov (United States)

Zurek, E; Ziegler, T

2001-07-02

Density Functional Theory (DFT) has been used to calculate the energies of over 30 different structures with the general formula (AlOMe)(n).(AlMe(3))(m) where n ranges from 6 to 13 and m ranges between 1 and 4, depending upon the structure of the parent (AlOMe)(n) cage. The way in which TMA (trimethylaluminum) bonds to MAO (methylaluminoxane) has been determined as well as the location of the acidic sites present in MAO caged structures. Topological arguments have been used to show that TMA does not bind to MAO cages where n = 12 or n > or = 14. The ADF energies in conjunction with frequency calculations based on molecular mechanics have been used to estimate the finite temperature enthalpies, entropies, and free energies of the TMA containing MAO structures. Using the Gibbs free energies found for pure MAO structures calculated in a previous work, in conjunction with the free energies of TMA containing MAO structures obtained in the present study, it was possible to determine the percent abundance of each TMA containing MAO within the temperature range of 198.15 K-598.15 K. We have found that very little TMA is actually bound to MAO. The Me/Al ratio on the MAO cages is determined as being approximately 1.00, 1.01, 1.02, and 1.03 at 198, 298, 398, and 598 K, respectively. Moreover, the percentage of Al found as TMA has been calculated as being 0.21%, 0.62%, 1.05%, and 1.76% and the average unit formulas of (AlOMe)(18.08).(TMA)(0.04), (AlOMe)(17.04).(TMA)(0.11), (AlOMe)(15.72).(TMA)(0.17), and (AlOMe)(14.62).(TMA)(0.26) have been determined at the aforementioned temperatures.

Jonas Savimbi and UNITA's Struggle for Independence. An Application of Mao's Theory of Warfare?

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Nesbitt, Wanda L

1997-01-01

.... Using the key elements of Mao's theory, this paper will examine Savimbi's application of that theory and attempt to address the question of whether UNITA's failure to achieve control in Angola...

Doenca renal policistica autossomica dominante em pacientes em hemodialise no sul do Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Everton Fernando Alves

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Introdução: A doença renal policística autossômica dominante é a enfermidade renal hereditária mais comum em seres humanos. Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência, características clínicas e laboratoriais de pacientes com rins policísticos e relacionar as manifestações da doença por gênero. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional e retrospectivo. Foram revisados todos os prontuários médicos de pacientes com rins policísticos admitidos para hemodiálise entre 1995 e 2012, em quatro centros que atendem a área de abrangência da 15ª regional de saúde do Paraná, Brasil. Resultados: Fizeram parte do estudo 48 pacientes com rins policísticos, causa primária da doença renal crônica (DRC estágio 5. A prevalência da doença foi de um em 10.912 habitantes. A média de idade de ingresso na hemodiálise (50,7 anos e o tempo de seguimento em hemodiálise até o transplante (36,5 meses foi menor nos homens. A hipertensão arterial foi o diagnóstico mais frequente em 73% dos pacientes, com predominância em mulheres (51,4%. O cisto hepático foi a manifestação extrarrenal mais frequente nos homens (60,0%. Foram a óbito 10,4% dos pacientes que faziam uso de hemodiálise, sendo 60% de homens. A classe de droga anti-hipertensiva mais utilizada foi a que atua no sistema renina-angiotensina, com maior frequência de uso nas mulheres (53,3%. A ureia pós-diálise foi significativamente maior em homens. Conclusão: A prevalência da doença é baixa entre pacientes em hemodiálise no sul do Brasil. As diferenças observadas entre os gêneros, com exceção da ureia pós, não foram significantes. Os dados encontrados são diferentes dos reportados na América do Norte e Europa.

Eficiência energética na administração do Porto de Sines

OpenAIRE

Guerreiro, Rita Fernandes

2009-01-01

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, perfil Gestão e Sistemas Ambientais A problemática energética é actualmente uma questão dominante nas agendas mundiais. A dependência de fontes de energia externas é uma realidade e compete aos governos e organizações mudar este paradigma, apostando na eficiência, segurança e fiabilidade do abastecimento. A actividade portuári...

Metallocene-catalyzed ethylene−α-olefin isomeric copolymerization: A perspective from hydrodynamic boundary layer mass transfer and design of MAO anion

KAUST Repository

Adamu, Sagir

2015-11-28

This study reports a novel conceptual framework that can be easily experimented to evaluate the effects of hydrodynamic boundary layer mass transfer, methylaluminoxane (MAO) anion design, and comonomer steric hindrance on metallocene-catalyzed ethylene polymerization. This approach was illustrated by conducting homo- and isomeric copolymerization of ethylene with 1-hexene and 4-methyl-1-pentene in the presence of bis(n-butylcyclopentadienyl) zirconium dichloride (nBuCp)2ZrCl2, using (i) MAO anion 1 (unsupported [MAOCl2]−) and pseudo-homogeneous reference polymerization, and (ii) MAO anion 2 (supported Si−O−[MAOCl2]−) and in-situ heterogeneous polymerization. The measured polymer morphology, catalyst productivity, molecular weight distribution, and inter-chain composition distribution were related to the locus of polymerization, comonomer effect, in-situ chain transfer process, and micromixing effect, respectively. The peak melting and crystallization temperatures and %crystallinity were mathematically correlated to the parameters of microstructural composition distributions, melt fractionation temperatures, and average lamellar thickness. These relations showed to be insightful. The comonomer-induced enchainment defects and the eventual partial disruption of the crystal lattice were successfully modeled using Flory and Gibbs–Thompson equations. The present methodology can also be applied to study ethylene−α-olefin copolymerization, performed using MAO-activated non-metallocene precatalysts.

Structural characterization of MAO and related aluminum complexes. 1. Solid-state (27)Al NMR with comparison to EFG tensors from ab initio molecular orbital calculations.

Science.gov (United States)

Bryant, P L; Harwell, C R; Mrse, A A; Emery, E F; Gan, Z; Caldwell, T; Reyes, A P; Kuhns, P; Hoyt, D W; Simeral, L S; Hall, R W; Butler, L G

2001-12-05

Experimental and ab initio molecular orbital techniques are developed for study of aluminum species with large quadrupole coupling constants to test structural models for methylaluminoxanes (MAO). The techniques are applied to nitrogen- and oxygen-containing complexes of aluminum and to solid MAO isolated from active commercial MAO preparations. (Aminato)- and (propanolato)aluminum clusters with 3-, 4-, and 6-coordinate aluminum sites are studied with three (27)Al NMR techniques optimized for large (27)Al quadrupole coupling constants: field-swept, frequency-stepped, and high-field MAS NMR. Four-membered (aminato)aluminum complexes with AlN(4) coordination yield slightly smaller C(q) values than similar AlN(2)C(2) sites: 12.2 vs 15.8 MHz. Planar 3-coordinate AlN(2)C sites have the largest C(q) values, 37 MHz. In all cases, molecular orbital calculations of the electric field gradient tensors yields C(q) and eta values that match with experiment, even for a large hexameric (aminato)aluminum cage. A D(3d) symmetry hexaaluminum oxane cluster, postulated as a model for MAO, yields a calculated C(q) of -23.7 MHz, eta = 0.7474, and predicts a spectrum that is too broad to match the field-swept NMR of methylaluminoxane, which shows at least three sites, all with C(q) values greater than 15 MHz but less than 21 MHz. Thus, the proposed hexaaluminum cluster, with its strained four-membered rings, is not a major component of MAO. However, calculations for dimers of the cage complex, either edge-bridged or face-bridged, show a much closer match to experiment. Also, MAO preparations differ, with a gel form of MAO having significantly larger (27)Al C(q) values than a nongel form, a conclusion reached on the basis of (27)Al NMR line widths in field-swept NMR spectra acquired from 13 to 24 T.

Clinical evaluation of carbon-11-phenylephrine: MAO-sensitive marker of cardiac sympathetic neurons.

Science.gov (United States)

Raffel, D M; Corbett, J R; del Rosario, R B; Gildersleeve, D L; Chiao, P C; Schwaiger, M; Wieland, D M

1996-12-01

The sympathomimetic drug phenylephrine recently has been labeled with 11C for use in PET studies of cardiac sympathetic innervation. Previous reports using isolated perfused rat heart models indicate that phenylephrine is metabolized by intraneuronal monoamine oxidase (MAO). This report compares the imaging characteristics, neuronal selectivity and kinetics of (-)-[11C]phenylephrine (PHEN) to the structurally similar but MAO-resistant analog (-)-[11C]-meta-hydroxyephedrine (HED), an established heart neuronal marker. Fourteen healthy volunteers were studied with PET and PHEN. Ten had paired studies with HED; four of the 10 were scanned a second time with each tracer after oral administration of desipramine, a selective neuronal transport blocker. Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic responses were monitored. Blood levels of intact radiotracer and radiolabeled metabolites were determined from venous blood samples taken during the PET study. Myocardial retention indices for both tracers were calculated. No hemodynamic or electrocardiographic effects were observed with either tracer. PHEN showed reduced myocardial retention at 50 min compared to HED; however, image quality and uniformity of distribution were comparable. PHEN cleared from myocardium with a mean half-time of 59 +/- 5 min, while myocardial levels of HED remained constant. PHEN metabolites appeared in the blood approximately three times faster than HED metabolites. Desipramine pretreatment markedly reduced (> 60%) myocardial retention of both PHEN and HED. PHEN provides PET images of human heart comparable in quality and uniformity to HED. Like HED, PHEN localizes in the sympathetic nerves of the heart. However, the more rapid efflux of PHEN, that is likely mediated by MAO, may provide information on the functional status of cardiac sympathetic neurons unobtainable with HED.

Ab initio study of the structure and stability of carbonates, silicates, nitrates, phosphates, borates and aluminates L2AO3 and MAO3 (L=Li, Na; M=Be, Mg; A=C, Si, N+, P+, B-, Al-)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Charkin, D.O.; Makku, M.L.; Charkin, O.P

1998-01-01

Nonempiric calculations of potential energy surfaces of molecules and ions of lithium and sodium oxosalts of the L 2 AO 3 type and beryllium and magnesium salts of the MAO 3 type with 24 valent electrons (L=Li, Na; M=Be, Mg; A=C, Si, N + , P + , B - , Al - ) are accomplished within the frames of the MP2/6-31G * +ZPE(HF/6-31G * ) and MP4SDTQ/6-31+G * //MP2/6-31G * +ZPE(MP2/6-31G * )approximations. Equilibriumgeometrical parameters and relative energy of isomers and energy of their decomposition, IR-frequencies and intensities of normal oscillations are determined; trends in their change in various series of molecules and ions are analyzed. Deformation and polarization of the AO 3 trigonal oxoanions under the effect of alkali and alkaline-earth cations, ortho-meta-isomerism in negative ions of the MBO 3 - borates and MACO 3 - aluminates, as well as effect of electron correlation on calculation results are determined. The results are compared with the data of previous calculations of isoelectron lithium and sodium salts LAO 3

Dual functional cholinesterase and MAO inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: synthesis, pharmacological analysis and molecular modeling of homoisoflavonoid derivatives.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yali; Sun, Yang; Guo, Yueyan; Wang, Zechen; Huang, Ling; Li, Xingshu

2016-01-01

Because of the complexity of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) strategy is expected to provide superior effects for the treatment of AD, instead of the classic one-drug-one-target strategy. In this context, we focused on the design, synthesis and evaluation of homoisoflavonoid derivatives as dual acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) inhibitors. Among all the synthesized compounds, compound 10 provided a desired balance of AChE and hMAO-B inhibition activities, with IC50 value of 3.94 and 3.44 μM, respectively. Further studies revealed that compound 10 was a mixed-type inhibitor of AChE and an irreversible inhibitor of hMAO-B, which was also confirmed by molecular modeling studies. Taken together, the data indicated that 10 was a promising dual functional agent for the treatment of AD.

¿SE ENCUENTRA LA CIENCIA ECONÓMICA EN MÉXICO EN LA VANGUARDIA DE LA CORRIENTE DOMINANTE?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gonzalo Castañeda

2015-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se argumenta que la corriente dominante en economía no es un bloque monolítico sino que, más bien, se compone de un núcleo ortodoxo en el que prevalece el pensamiento neoclásico y un conjunto de enfoques de vanguardia que comparten con la ortodoxia su interés por la modelación formal (matemática, computacional o estadística y por el análisis del comportamiento micro para describir fenómenos agregados. Al revisar las fichas bibliográficas de la base de datos de RePEc (Research Papers in Economics se encuentra, por un lado, que las investigaciones que se realizaron a nivel mundial con enfoques de vanguardia tuvieron un gran crecimiento en el periodo 2000-2012 y, por otro, que las investigaciones económicas de índole vanguardista en México son relativamente escasas. Esta falta de pluralidad también se refleja en los programas de licenciatura y posgrado de las universidades mexicanas, en donde la estructura curricular se limita la mayoría de las veces a planteamientos ortodoxos y en unos cuantos casos a tratamientos heterodoxos (es decir, que se ubican fuera de la corriente dominante.

Fabrication and characterization of rod-like nano-hydroxyapatite on MAO coating supported on Mg-Zn-Ca alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gao, J.H. [Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhenzhou 450002 (China); Guan, S.K., E-mail: skguan@zzu.edu.cn [Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhenzhou 450002 (China); Chen, J. [Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhenzhou 450002 (China); Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047 (Japan); Wang, L.G.; Zhu, S.J.; Hu, J.H.; Ren, Z.W. [Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhenzhou 450002 (China)

2011-01-01

The poor corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys is a dominant problem that limits their clinical application. In order to solve this challenge, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) was used to fabricate a porous coating on magnesium alloys and then electrochemical deposition (ED) was done to fabricate rod-like nano-hydroxyapatite (RNHA) on MAO coating. The cross-section morphology of the composite coatings and its corresponding energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) surficial scanning map of calcium revealed that HA rods were successfully deposited into the pores. The three dimensional morphology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the composite coatings showed that the distribution of the HA rods was dense and uniform. Atomic force microscope (AFM) observation of the composite coatings showed that the diameters of HA rods varied from 95 nm to 116 nm and the root mean square roughness (RMS) of the composite coatings was about 42 nm, which were favorable for cellular survival. The bonding strength between the HA film and MAO coating increased to 12.3 MPa, almost two times higher than that of the direct electrochemical deposition coating (6.3 MPa). Compared with that of the substrate, the corrosion potential of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy with composite coatings increased by 161 mV and its corrosion current density decreased from 3.36 x 10{sup -4} A/cm{sup 2} to 2.40 x 10{sup -7} A/cm{sup 2} which was due to the enhancement of bonding strength and the deposition of RNHA in the MAO pores. Immersion tests were carried out at 36.5 {+-} 0.5 deg. C in simulated body fluid (SBF). It was found that RNHA can induce the rapid precipitation of calcium orthophosphates in comparison with conventional HA coatings. Thus magnesium alloy coated with the composite coatings is a promising candidate as biodegradable bone implants.

Fabrication and characterization of rod-like nano-hydroxyapatite on MAO coating supported on Mg-Zn-Ca alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, J. H.; Guan, S. K.; Chen, J.; Wang, L. G.; Zhu, S. J.; Hu, J. H.; Ren, Z. W.

2011-01-01

The poor corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys is a dominant problem that limits their clinical application. In order to solve this challenge, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) was used to fabricate a porous coating on magnesium alloys and then electrochemical deposition (ED) was done to fabricate rod-like nano-hydroxyapatite (RNHA) on MAO coating. The cross-section morphology of the composite coatings and its corresponding energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) surficial scanning map of calcium revealed that HA rods were successfully deposited into the pores. The three dimensional morphology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the composite coatings showed that the distribution of the HA rods was dense and uniform. Atomic force microscope (AFM) observation of the composite coatings showed that the diameters of HA rods varied from 95 nm to 116 nm and the root mean square roughness (RMS) of the composite coatings was about 42 nm, which were favorable for cellular survival. The bonding strength between the HA film and MAO coating increased to 12.3 MPa, almost two times higher than that of the direct electrochemical deposition coating (6.3 MPa). Compared with that of the substrate, the corrosion potential of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy with composite coatings increased by 161 mV and its corrosion current density decreased from 3.36 × 10 -4 A/cm 2 to 2.40 × 10 -7 A/cm 2 which was due to the enhancement of bonding strength and the deposition of RNHA in the MAO pores. Immersion tests were carried out at 36.5 ± 0.5 °C in simulated body fluid (SBF). It was found that RNHA can induce the rapid precipitation of calcium orthophosphates in comparison with conventional HA coatings. Thus magnesium alloy coated with the composite coatings is a promising candidate as biodegradable bone implants.

Fabrication and characterization of rod-like nano-hydroxyapatite on MAO coating supported on Mg-Zn-Ca alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gao, J.H.; Guan, S.K.; Chen, J.; Wang, L.G.; Zhu, S.J.; Hu, J.H.; Ren, Z.W.

2011-01-01

The poor corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys is a dominant problem that limits their clinical application. In order to solve this challenge, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) was used to fabricate a porous coating on magnesium alloys and then electrochemical deposition (ED) was done to fabricate rod-like nano-hydroxyapatite (RNHA) on MAO coating. The cross-section morphology of the composite coatings and its corresponding energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) surficial scanning map of calcium revealed that HA rods were successfully deposited into the pores. The three dimensional morphology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the composite coatings showed that the distribution of the HA rods was dense and uniform. Atomic force microscope (AFM) observation of the composite coatings showed that the diameters of HA rods varied from 95 nm to 116 nm and the root mean square roughness (RMS) of the composite coatings was about 42 nm, which were favorable for cellular survival. The bonding strength between the HA film and MAO coating increased to 12.3 MPa, almost two times higher than that of the direct electrochemical deposition coating (6.3 MPa). Compared with that of the substrate, the corrosion potential of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy with composite coatings increased by 161 mV and its corrosion current density decreased from 3.36 x 10 -4 A/cm 2 to 2.40 x 10 -7 A/cm 2 which was due to the enhancement of bonding strength and the deposition of RNHA in the MAO pores. Immersion tests were carried out at 36.5 ± 0.5 deg. C in simulated body fluid (SBF). It was found that RNHA can induce the rapid precipitation of calcium orthophosphates in comparison with conventional HA coatings. Thus magnesium alloy coated with the composite coatings is a promising candidate as biodegradable bone implants.

Inhibition potential of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its metabolites on the in vitro monoamine oxidase (MAO)-catalyzed deamination of the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine.

Science.gov (United States)

Steuer, Andrea E; Boxler, Martina I; Stock, Lorena; Kraemer, Thomas

2016-01-22

Neurotoxicity of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is still controversially discussed. Formation of reactive oxygen species e.g. based on elevated dopamine (DA) concentrations and DA quinone formation is discussed among others. Inhibition potential of MDMA metabolites regarding neurotransmitter degradation by catechol-O-methyltransferase and sulfotransferase was described previously. Their influence on monoamine oxidase (MAO) - the major DA degradation pathway-has not yet been studied in humans. Therefore the inhibition potential of MDMA and its metabolites on the deamination of the neurotransmitters DA and serotonin (5-HT) by MAO-A and B using recombinant human enzymes in vitro should be investigated. In initial studies, MDMA and MDA showed relevant inhibition (>30%) toward MAO A for 5-HT and DA. No relevant effects toward MAO B were observed. Further investigation on MAO-A revealed MDMA as a competitive inhibitor of 5-HT and DA deamination with Ki 24.5±7.1 μM and 18.6±4.3 μM respectively and MDA as a mixed-type inhibitor with Ki 7.8±2.6 μM and 8.4±3.2 μM respectively. Although prediction of in vivo relevance needs to be done with care, relevant inhibitory effects at expected plasma concentrations after recreational MDMA consumption seems unlikely based on the obtained data. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Characteristics of MAO coating obtained on ZK60 Mg alloy under two and three steps voltage-increasing modes in dual electrolyte

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Jun; Wang, Ze-Xin; Lu, Sheng; Lv, Wei-gang; Jiang, Xi-zhi; Sun, Lei

2017-03-01

The micro-arc oxidation process was conducted on ZK60 Mg alloy under two and three steps voltage-increasing modes by DC pulse electrical source. The effect of each mode on current-time responses during MAO process and the coating characteristic were analysed and discussed systematically. The microstructure, thickness and corrosion resistance of MAO coatings were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), microscope with super-depth of field and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicate that two and three steps voltage-increasing modes can improve weak spark discharges with insufficient breakdown strength in later period during the MAO process. Due to higher value of voltage and voltage increment, the coating with maximum thickness of about 20.20μm formed under two steps voltage-increasing mode shows the best corrosion resistance. In addition, the coating fabricated under three steps voltage-increasing mode shows a smoother coating with better corrosion resistance due to the lower amplitude of voltage-increasing.

PF 9601N [N-(2-propynyl)-2-(5-benzyloxy-indolyl) methylamine], a new MAO-B inhibitor, attenuates MPTP-induced depletion of striatal dopamine levels in C57/BL6 mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Perez, Virgili; Unzeta, Mercedes

2003-02-01

Monoamine oxidase isoform B (MAO-B) is involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) induced by the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine toxin (MPTP) in human and non-human-primate. MAO-B inhibitors, such as L-deprenyl have shown to prevent against MPTP-toxicity in different species, and it has been used in Parkinson therapy, however, the fact that it is metabolized to (-)-methamphetamine and (-)-amphetamine highlights the need to find out new MAO-B inhibitors without a structural amphetaminic moiety. In this context we herein report, for the first time, anywhere a novel non-amphetamine-like MAO-B inhibitor, PF 9601N, N-(2-propynyl)-2-(5-benzyloxy-indolyl) methylamine. This attenuates the MPTP-induced striatal dopamine depletion in young-adult and adult-old C57/BL mice, using different schedules of administration, and which behave "ex vivo" as a slightly more potent and selective MAO-B inhibitor than L-deprenyl, assayed for comparative purposes in the same experimental conditions. The MAO-B ID(50) values were calculated from the total MAO-B activity measured against [14C] phenylethylamine (22 microM) as substrate, at each inhibitor concentration. The MAO-B ID(50) values resulted to be 381 and 577 nmol/kg for PF 9601N and L-deprenyl, respectively. The intraperitoneally (i.p.) co-administration to young-adult C57/BL6 mice of MPTP (30 mg/kg), with different concentrations of PF 9601N or L-deprenyl (29.5-0.357 micromol/kg) showed a dose-dependent protective effect against striatal dopamine depletion, measuring the dopamine contents and its metabolites by HPLC. The ED(50) value proved to be 3.07 micromol/kg without any significant differences between either MAO-B inhibitor. Nevertheless, lower doses of PF 9601N (1.5 micromol/kg) were necessary to get almost total protection, without any change in the DOPAC and HVA content, when administered 2 h before MPTP (30 mg/kg), whereas partial protection (45%) against dopamine depletion was observed in the case of L-deprenyl. In

¿Mercosur o Alca? Clase dominante, gobierno e inserción regional en los inicios del Kirchnerismo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julián Kan

2013-10-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la relación entre gobierno, corporaciones empresarias de la clase dominante y los proyectos MERCOSUR y ALCA en los inicios del gobierno de Kirchner. La hipótesis principal es que los cambios en la inserción regional de Argentina desde 2003 (reconstrucción del MERCOSUR y rechazo al ALCA, tuvieron entre una de sus causas a las acciones de corporaciones como la Unión Industrial Argentina (UIA y la Sociedad Rural Argentina (SRA. Como afirma Katz (2006 aquella reconfiguración regional, además de estar influenciada por las protestas sociales antineoliberales, también respondió a la demanda de una diferente inserción regional por parte de las clases dominantes locales. Mediante el análisis de la prensa escrita y de documentación de las corporaciones, observaremos los posicionamientos sobre el ALCA y el MERCOUSR, el tipo de intervención del gobierno que reclaman y por qué apoyan o rechazan las negociaciones entre 2003 y 2004, en la reunión de la Ronda Doha de Cancún de la Organización mundial de Comercio (OMC y en las Minicumbres del ALCA de Miami y Puebla, donde quedaron trabadas las negociaciones del ALCA y se produjo la reorientación del MERCOSUR

Effect of ultrasonic cold forging technology as the pretreatment on the corrosion resistance of MAO Ca/P coating on AZ31B Mg alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Lingling, E-mail: daisy_chenlingling@163.com [College of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617 (China); College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 (China); Gu, Yanhong, E-mail: gu_yanhong@163.com [College of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617 (China); Liu, Lu, E-mail: liulu@bipt.edu.cn [College of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617 (China); Liu, Shujing, E-mail: liushujing@bipt.edu.cn [College of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617 (China); Hou, Binbin, E-mail: sohu19880815@126.com [School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083 (China); Liu, Qi, E-mail: 13521196884@sina.cn [College of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617 (China); Ding, Haiyang, E-mail: dinghaiyang@bipt.edu.cn [College of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617 (China)

2015-06-25

Highlights: • Ultrasonic cold forging technology was used as the pretreatment for MAO coating. • Nano layer with the grain size of 30–80 nm was formed on the UCFT treated surface. • Calcium phosphate contained coating was obtained by MAO process. • The remained nano layer underlying MAO coating could impact the corrosion resistance greatly. - Abstract: A calcium phosphate contained (Ca/P) coating was obtained on AZ31B Mg alloy by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process under the pretreatment of ultrasonic cold forging technology (UCFT). The surface nanograins were introduced after UCFT pretreatment on AZ31B Mg alloy. Optical microscope (OM) was employed to observe the microstructures of the untreated and UCFT treated samples. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) were employed to observe the microstructures of nanograins and the surface roughness of the UCFT treated Mg alloys. The grain size of the UCFT treated Mg alloy is 48.67 nm and the surface roughness is 17.03 nm. The microstructures and the phase compositions of MAO samples were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The XRD results show that the coating include Ca/P phase, including hydroxyapatite (Ca{sub 10}(PO{sub 4}){sub 6}(OH){sub 2}), HA), tertiary calcium phosphate (Ca{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2}, TCP) and calcium phosphate dehydrate (CaHPO{sub 4}⋅2H{sub 2}O, DCPD). The hardness of the samples was measured by the micro-hardness tester under the loads of 10 g, 25 g and 50 g. 3D topographies of hardness indenter were characterized by 3D profiler. The immersion tests and potentiodynamic polarization tests were used to evaluate the weight loss rate and corrosion current density in simulated body fluid (SBF). The results show that the corrosion resistance of Ca/P MAO coating on Mg alloy was improved greatly by the pretreatment of UCFT.

Modeling the dynamic equilibrium between oligomers of (AlOCH3)n in methylaluminoxane (MAO). A theoretical study based on a combined quantum mechanical and statistical mechanical approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Zurek, E; Woo, T K; Firman, T K; Ziegler, T

2001-01-15

Density functional theory (DFT) has been used to calculate the energies of 36 different methylaluminoxane (MAO) cage structures with the general formula (MeAlO)n, where n ranges from 4 to 16. A least-squares fit has been used to devise a formula which predicts the total energies of the MAO with different n's giving an rms deviation of 4.70 kcal/mol. These energies in conjunction with frequency calculations based on molecular mechanics have been used to estimate the finite temperature enthalpies, entropies, and free energies for these MAO structures. Furthermore, formulas have been devised which predict finite temperature enthalpies and entropies for MAO structures of any n for a temperature range of 198.15-598.15 K. Using these formulas, the free energies at different temperatures have been predicted for MAO structures where n ranges from 17 to 30. The free energy values were then used to predict the percentage of each n found at a given temperature. Our calculations give an average n value of 18.41, 17.23, 16.89, and 15.72 at 198.15, 298.15, 398.15, and 598.15 K, respectively. Topological arguments have also been used to show that the MAO cage structure contains a limited amount of square faces as compared to octagonal and hexagonal ones. It is also suggested that the limited number of square faces with their strained Al-O bonds explain the high molar Al:catalyst ratio required for activation. Moreover, in this study we outline a general methodology which may be used to calculate the percent abundance of an equilibrium mixture of oligomers with the general formula (X)n.

Surface damage mitigation of TC4 alloy via micro arc oxidation for oil and gas exploitation application: Characterizations of microstructure and evaluations on surface performance

Science.gov (United States)

Xie, Ruizhen; Lin, Naiming; Zhou, Peng; Zou, Jiaojuan; Han, Pengju; Wang, Zhihua; Tang, Bin

2018-04-01

Because of its excellent corrosion resistance, high specific strength and high tensile strength, TC4 titanium alloys used as petroleum tubes have received wide interest from material engineers after many technical investigations and estimations. However, because of its low surface hardness values, high coefficient of friction and poor wear resistance, the TC4 alloy is seldom adopted in tribological-related engineering components. In this work, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings were fabricated on TC4 alloys in NaAlO2 and (NaPO3)6 electrolytes with and without ultrasonic assistance. The microstructural characterizations of the produced MAO coatings were investigated. Comparative estimations of electrochemical corrosion in CO2-saturated simulated oilfield brine and tribological behaviours on MAO coatings and TC4 alloys were conducted. The results showed that the introduction of ultrasound increased the thickness of the MAO coatings. The thickness increased by 34% and 15% in the NaAlO2 and (NaPO3)6 electrolytes, respectively. There was no significant discrepancy in phase constitutions when the MAO processes were conducted with and without ultrasonic assistance. Both MAO coatings obtained with and without ultrasonic assistance were found to improve the corrosion and wear resistance of the TC4 alloy. MAO treatments made it possible to ensure the working surface of a TC4 alloy with an enhanced surface performance for oil and gas exploitation applications.

Tautomerism of N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-indazole-5-carboxamide - A new selective, highly potent and reversible MAO-B inhibitor

Science.gov (United States)

Tzvetkov, Nikolay T.; Stammler, Hans-Georg; Antonov, Liudmil

2017-12-01

The tautomeric properties of an N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-indazole-5-carboxamide (NTZ-1006, 2) derivative, developed as highly potent, reversible and selective MAO-B inhibitor useful for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurological disorders, have been studied both experimentally and theoretically. The theoretical data (M06-2X, B3LYP and MP2-4 quantum chemical calculations) have shown that due to aromaticity reasons the 1H tautomer strongly dominates over the 2H form. There are no substantial spectral changes by changing the solvent and the concentration, which leads to a conclusion that compound 2 exists in solution as 1H tautomer and its tautomerism is not influenced by the solvents and the concentration. The results are in line with the understanding for the tautomerism of 1H-indazole and shows that substitution at the C5 position in the indazole unit does not influence the tautomeric state. The isolated crystal structure of 2 is in an excellent agreement with the computation in respect of the most stable tautomer. Combined single X-ray/molecular modeling studies including HYdrogen-DEsolvation (HYDE) analysis provided not only insights into the enzyme-inhibitor interaction within the binding site of the human MAO-B isoform, but also a valuable information regarding the most stable 1H-indazole tautomeric form of NTZ-1006 that contributes to its high potency against hMAO-B enzyme (IC50 0.586 nm) and selectivity (>17000-fold) over the hMAO-A isoenzyme.

Evaluation of magnesium ions release, biocorrosion, and hemocompatibility of MAO/PLLA-modified magnesium alloy WE42.

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Ping; Cao, Lu; Liu, Yin; Xu, Xinhua; Wu, Xiangfeng

2011-01-01

Magnesium alloys may potentially be applied as biodegradable metallic materials in cardiovascular stent. However, the high corrosion rate hinders its clinical application. In this study, a new approach was adopted to control the corrosion rate by fabricating a biocompatible micro-arc oxidation/poly-L-lactic acid (MAO/PLLA) composite coating on the magnesium alloy WE42 substrate and the biocompatibility of the modified samples was investigated. The scanning electronic microscope (SEM) images were used to demonstrate the morphology of the samples before and after being submerged in hanks solution for 4 weeks. The degradation was evaluated through the magnesium ions release rate and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test. The biocompatibility of the samples was demonstrated by coagulation time and hemolysis behavior. The result shows that the poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) effectively improved the corrosion resistance by sealing the microcracks and microholes on the surface of the MAO coating. The modified samples had good compatibility. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Cultural Discontinuity In Post-Mao China: An Itinerant Ethnography Of McDonald's Beijing

OpenAIRE

Noel M. Murray

2011-01-01

Universalistic approaches cannot account for the diversity of culture in a rapidly changing post-communist society. Different age cohorts within countries may exhibit dissimilar values and behavioral orientations. This article lays a foundation for the use of broader philosophical and methodological frameworks for the study of culture in an age of globalization. Bourdieus concepts of habitus and hysteresis effect are described and applied to a study of post-Mao consumer food culture in China....

A 'revolução criativa' na publicidade dos anos sessenta

OpenAIRE

Rosa, António Machuco

2014-01-01

A presente comunicação tem como principal objectivo avaliar até que ponto a chamada 'revolução criativa' (creative revolution) na publicidade dos anos sessenta constituiu uma ruptura em relação às formas de publicidade até então dominantes. São analisadas diversas campanhas concebidas por Bill Bernbach e por Mary Wells Lawrence. Será ainda analisada uma campanha dos cigarros Camel que serve de exemplo das estratégias de diferenciação individual que conduzem à formação de uma anti-moda assente...

123I-labeling and evaluation of Ro 43-0463, a SPET tracer for MAO-B imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beer, H.-F.; Rossetti, I.; Frey, L.D.; Hasler, P.H.; Schubiger, P.A.

1995-01-01

Using the copper assisted halogen exchange the MAO-B inhibitor Ro 43-0463, N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-iodo-2-pyridinecarboxamide, was labelled with 123 I as well as with 125 I to allow in vitro and in vivo investigations including SPET with healthy volunteers. Ro 43-0463 is known to inhibit reversibly and specifically MAO-B, having an ic 50 of 3 x 10 -8 Mol/L. The labeling in the presence of CuSO 4 and ascorbic acid was optimised, varying time (30 to 105 min), precursor concentration (1-3.5 mg) and temperature (130-200 deg. C). The labeling yield ranged between 60 and 70%. Purification was achieved with Lichrosorb RP-18 (5 μm, 250 x 8 mm) and 1.5 mL/min 0.36 M H 3 PO 4 /EtOH (97(3)) [0.01 M (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 ]. After neutralisation and sterile filtration the final activity concentration ranged between 18.5 and 37 MBq/mL. Biodistribution studies showed a brain to blood ratio greater than 1 within 1 h p.i. The main radiation burden calculated from these animal data is to alimentary and excretory organs and the ovaries. Autoradiography was performed using rat brain slices and 5 nM [ 125 I]Ro 43-0463 in TRIS-buffer pH 7.4 for 90 min at 20 deg. C. Its radioactivity pattern corresponds to the known distribution of MAO-B in the rat brain. By displacement with L-deprenyl the highly specific binding of Ro 43-0463 was proven in vitro. SPECT studies with normal volunteers corresponded with the pattern found in autoradiography

A vantagem competitiva das nações e a vantagem competitiva das empresas: o que importa na localização?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martim Francisco de Oliveira e Silva

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Há dois enfoques dominantes para explicar o desempenho das empresas: a visão da Organização Industrial e a Visão Baseada em Recursos, ambos amplamente pesquisados. Entretanto, a relação entre o desempenho das empresas e a competitividade das nações ainda é pouco explorada. Este estudo buscou verificar se o desempenho das empresas se relaciona ao ambiente de seus países e quais fatores destes são mais relevantes. Foram encontradas evidências da relação entre os indicadores de competitividade dos países e o desempenho sustentável de suas empresas. O estudo relacionou de maneira pioneira os conceitos da vantagem competitiva das nações e da vantagem competitiva das empresas, testou empiricamente o modelo do Diamante Competitivo do professor Michael Porter, destacou três variáveis habitualmente negligenciadas na linha de pesquisas das fontes de desempenho de empresas (a Sofisticação dos Compradores, o PIB e as Compras Governamentais e criou um indicador de desempenho que também traduz sua sustentabilidade, associado à linha da pesquisa da persistência dos retornos extraordinários.

A lost chance? Birth control policies in the Mao's China (1949-1976

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Gomá

2010-12-01

Full Text Available This article analyzes the birth control policies in China during the Maoist era (1949- 1976. Considering Chinese and foreign sources, it is explained how the different campaigns of family planning took place and how these campaigns were subjected positively and negatively to the policies of the supreme leader Mao Zedong. Although only the last one had a real impact on the fight against overpopulation, all campaigns helped to promote the necessity of confronting this phenomenon. More importantly, they laid the foundations of the birth control policies that currently take place in China.

Effect of alumina sol addition to micro-arc oxidation electrolyte on the properties of MAO coatings formed on magnesium alloy AZ91D

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Laleh, M.; Rouhaghdam, A. Sabour; Shahrabi, T.; Shanghi, A.

2010-01-01

Oxide coatings were formed on AZ91D magnesium alloy using micro-arc oxidation process in alkaline electrolyte without and with addition of alumina sol. The microstructures and compositions of the MAO coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Corrosion behaviors of the coatings were evaluated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization tests in 3.5%NaCl solution. Porosities of the coatings were measured by potentiodynamic polarization tests. It was found that the coating produced in the electrolyte with alumina sol has more compact and uniform morphology than that produced in the electrolyte without alumina sol. The results of corrosion tests showed that the coating formed in electrolyte with alumina sol enhances the corrosion resistance of the substrate significantly. XRD patterns showed that the coating produced in the electrolyte with alumina sol has more MgAl 2 O 4 phase than MgO.

Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP in Mono Amine Oxidase A (MAO-A Gene as a genetic marker for aggressiveness in sheep

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eko Handiwirawan

2012-12-01

Full Text Available In the population, there are aggressive sheep in a small number which requires special management those specific animal house and routine management. The purpose of this study was to identify the variation of DNA marker SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism as a genetic marker for the aggressive trait in several of sheep breed. The identification of point mutations in exon 8 of MAO-A gene associated with aggressive behavior in sheep may be further useful to become of DNA markers for the aggressive trait in sheep. Five of sheep breed were used, i.e.: Barbados Black belly Cross sheep (BC, Composite Garut (KG, Local Garut (LG, Composite Sumatra (KS and St. Cross Croix (SC. Duration of ten behavior traits, blood serotonin concentrations and DNA sequence of exon 8 of MAO-A gene from the sheep aggressive and nonaggressive were observed. PROC GLM of SAS Ver. 9.0 program was used to analyze variable behavior and blood serotonin concentrations. DNA polymorphism in exon 8 of MAO-A gene was analyzed using the MEGA software Ver. 4.0. The results show that the percentage of the aggressive rams of each breed was less than 10 percent; except for the KS sheep is higher (23%. Based on the duration of behavior, aggressive sheep group was not significantly different with non aggressive sheep group, except duration of care giving and drinking behavior. It is known that concentration of blood serotonin in aggressive and non aggressive rams was not significantly different. The aggressive trait in sheep has a mechanism or a different cause like that occurs in mice and humans. In this study, aggressive behavior in sheep was not associated with a mutation in exon 8 of MAO-A gene.

High-temperature Corrosion Resistance of Composite Coating Prepared by Micro-arc Oxidation Combined with Pack Cementation Aluminizing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

HUANG Zu-jiang

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Al2O3 ceramic film was obtained by micro-arc oxidation (MAO process on Al/C103 specimen, which was prepared by pack cementation aluminizing technology on C103 niobium alloy. With the aid of XRD and SEM equipped with EDS, chemical compositions and microstructures of the composite coatings before and after high-temperature corrosion were analyzed. The behavior and mechanism of the composite coatings in high-temperature oxidation and hot corrosion were also investigated. The results indicate that oxidation mass gain at 1000℃ for 10h of the Al/C103 specimen is 6.98mg/cm2, and it is 2.89mg/cm2 of the MAO/Al/C103 specimen. However, the mass gain of MAO/Al/C103 specimen (57.52mg/cm2 is higher than that of Al/C103 specimen (28.08mg/cm2 after oxidation 20h. After hot corrosion in 75%Na2SO4 and 25%NaCl at 900℃ for 50h, the mass gain of Al/C103 and MAO/Al/C103 specimens are 70.54mg/cm2 and 55.71mg/cm2 respectively, Al2O3 and perovskite NaNbO3 phases are formed on the surface; the diffusion of molten salt is suppressed, due to part of NaNbO3 accumulated in the MAO micropores. Therefore, MAO/Al/C103 specimen exhibits better hot corrosion resistance.

Cognitive aspects of congenital learned helplessness and its reversal by the monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitor deprenyl.

Science.gov (United States)

Schulz, Daniela; Mirrione, Martine M; Henn, Fritz A

2010-02-01

Cognitive processes are assumed to change with learned helplessness, an animal model of depression, but little is known about such deficits. Here we investigated the role of cognitive and related functions in selectively bred helpless (cLH, n=10), non-helpless (cNLH, n=12) and wild type (WT, n=8) Sprague Dawley rats. The animals were exposed to an open field for 10min on each of two test days. On the third day, an object exploration paradigm was carried out. The animals were later tested for helplessness. Both cLH and cNLH rats were more active than WTs on the first day in the open field. Over trials, cNLH and WT rats lowered their activity less than cLH rats. This resistance-to-habituation co-varied with a resistance to develop helplessness. In cLH rats, higher 'anxiety' or less time spent in the center of the open field co-varied with severe helplessness. In WTs, a greater reactivity to novel objects and to a spatially relocated object predicted lower levels of helplessness. In cLH rats (n=4-5 per group), chronic treatment with a high dose of the monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitor deprenyl (10mg/kg; i.p.), an anti-Parkinson, nootropic and antidepressant drug, attenuated helplessness. Remarkably, helplessness reversal required the experience of repeated test trials, reminiscent of a learning process. Chronic deprenyl (10mg/kg; i.p.) did not alter locomotion/exploration or 'anxiety' in the open field. In conclusion, helplessness may be related to altered mechanisms of reinforcement learning and working memory, and to abnormalities in MAO-A and/or MAO-B functioning. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

La formación de masculinidades hegemónicas en la clase dominante: el caso de la sexualidad en los colegios privados de elite en Chile

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sebastián Madrid

Full Text Available Resumen: Sobre la base de 41 historias de vida, de hombres y mujeres (de 19 a 45 años, ex-estudiantes de tres tipos de colegios privados de elite en Santiago de Chile, este artículo analiza el proceso de construcción de masculinidades hegemónicas en la clase dominante chilena. Se examina la forma en que la producción de distintos patrones de masculinidades se relaciona con cambios en la parte alta de la estructura social y se analiza el modo en que la sexualidad conecta la formación simultánea de estas masculinidades y de la clase dominante. Se contrasta la forma como estos colegios abordan la sexualidad y las prácticas sexuales de ex-estudiantes varones con mujeres de distintas clases sociales, especialmente, lo que los entrevistados llaman el "chaneo". Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos para el estudio del poder y del privilegio en una sociedad de mercado.

Afasia produzida por lesão paramediana do hemisferio dominante: registro de um caso

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Otaviano Lima Perpetuo

1980-12-01

Full Text Available Uma paciente com evidência de ruptura de aneurisma da artéria pericalosa esquerda e formação de hematoma envolvendo a fissura interhemisférica e região paramediana do hemisfério esquerdo apresentou inicialmente quadro de mutismo que evoluiu para afasia caracterizada por ausência de fala espontânea, relativa preservação da capacidade de repetição e evidente preservação da compreensão. O quadro corresponde à chamada "afasia motora trans-cortical". A paciente apresentou acentuada melhora, em curto espaço de tempo, após a drenagem do hematoma. A possibilidade de que lesão da região paramediana do hemisfério cerebral dominante possa provocar afasia é pouco conhecida e muitos casos são provavelmente mal diagnosticados, devido à transitoriedade dos principais sintomas e à confusão com demência não específica.

Predicting drunk driving: contribution of alcohol use and related problems, traffic behaviour, personality and platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Eensoo, Diva; Paaver, Marika; Harro, Maarike; Harro, Jaanus

2005-01-01

The aim of the study was to characterize the predictive value of socio-economic data, alcohol consumption measures, smoking, platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, traffic behaviour habits and impulsivity measures for actual drunk driving. Data were collected from 203 male drunk driving offenders and 211 control subjects using self-reported questionnaires, and blood samples were obtained from the two groups. We identified the combination of variables, which predicted correctly, approximately 80% of the subjects' belonging to the drunk driving and control groups. Significant independent discriminators in the final model were, among the health-behaviour measures, alcohol-related problems, frequency of using alcohol, the amount of alcohol consumed and smoking. Predictive traffic behaviour measures were seat belt use and paying for parking. Among the impulsivity measures, dysfunctional impulsivity was the best predictor; platelet MAO activity and age also had an independent predictive value. Our results support the notion that drunk driving is the result of a combination of various behavioural, biological and personality-related risk factors.

As Estimativas de Pobreza na América Latina são Confiáveis?

OpenAIRE

Sanjay G. Reddy

2008-01-01

Qual é o nível de pobreza monetária na América Latina e tem tal nível diminuído recentemente? As estimativas atuais são confiáveis? A abordagem dominante de aferição da pobreza monetária, regional e globalmente, utiliza as linhas internacionais de pobreza do Banco Mundial de ?um dólar diário? e ?dois dólares diários? por pessoa. O Banco utiliza os indicadores de ?paridade do poder de compra? (PPC) para converter essas linhas internacionais em moedas locais. (...)

The MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline reduces ethanol-induced locomotion and its volitional intake in mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Ledesma, Juan Carlos; Escrig, Miguel Angel; Pastor, Raúl; Aragon, Carlos M G

2014-01-01

Hydrogen peroxide is the co-substrate used by the enzyme catalase to form Compound I (the catalase-H2O2 system), which is the major pathway for the conversion of ethanol (EtOH) into acetaldehyde in the brain. This acetaldehyde has been involved in many of the effects of EtOH. Previous research demonstrated that treatments that change the levels of cerebral H2O2 available to catalase modulate the locomotor-stimulating effects of EtOH and its volitional intake in rodents. However, the source of H2O2 which is used by catalase to form Compound I and mediates the psychoactive actions of EtOH is unknown. One cause of the generation of H2O2 in the brain comes from the deamination of biogenic amines by the activity of MAO-A. Here we explore the consequences of the administration of the MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline on EtOH-induced locomotion and voluntary EtOH drinking. For the locomotor activity tests, we injected Swiss (RjOrl) mice intraperitoneally (IP) with clorgyline (0-10mg/kg) and later (0.5-8h) with EtOH (0-3.75 g/kg; IP). Following these treatments, mice were placed in locomotor activity chambers to measure their locomotion. For the drinking experiments, mice of the C57BL/6J strain were injected IP with clorgyline prior to offering them an EtOH (20%) solution following a drinking-in-the-dark procedure. Additional experiments were performed to assess the selectivity of this compound in altering EtOH-stimulated locomotion and EtOH intake. Moreover, we indirectly tested the ability of clorgyline to reduce brain H2O2 levels. We showed that this treatment selectively reduced EtOH-induced locomotion and its self-administration. Moreover, this compound decreased central H2O2 levels available to catalase. We suggest that H2O2 derived from the deamination of biogenic amines by the activity of MAO-A could determine the formation of brain EtOH-derived acetaldehyde. This centrally-formed acetaldehyde within the neurons of the aminergic system could play a role in the

Metallocene-catalyzed ethylene−α-olefin isomeric copolymerization: A perspective from hydrodynamic boundary layer mass transfer and design of MAO anion

KAUST Repository

Adamu, Sagir; Atiqullah, Muhammad; Malaibari, Zuhair O.; Al-Harthi, Mamdouh A.; Emwas, Abdul-Hamid M.; Ul-Hamid, Anwar

2015-01-01

-catalyzed ethylene polymerization. This approach was illustrated by conducting homo- and isomeric copolymerization of ethylene with 1-hexene and 4-methyl-1-pentene in the presence of bis(n-butylcyclopentadienyl) zirconium dichloride (nBuCp)2ZrCl2, using (i) MAO anion

Wettability and corrosion of alumina embedded nanocomposite MAO coating on nanocrystalline AZ31B magnesium alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gheytani, M.; Aliofkhazraei, M., E-mail: maliofkh@gmail.com; Bagheri, H.R.; Masiha, H.R.; Rouhaghdam, A. Sabour

2015-11-15

In this paper, micro- and nanocrystalline AZ31B magnesium alloy were coated by micro-arc oxidation method. In order to fabricate nanocrystalline surface layer, surface mechanical attrition treatment was performed and nano-grains with average size of 5–10 nm were formed on the surface of the samples. Coating process was carried out at different conditions including two coating times and two types of electrolyte. Alumina nanoparticles were utilized as suspension in electrolyte to form nanocomposite coatings by micro-arc oxidation method. Potentiodynamic polarization, percentage of porosity, and wettability tests were performed to study various characteristics of the coated samples. The results of scanning electron microscope imply that samples coated in silicate-based electrolyte involve much lower surface porosity (∼25%). Besides, the results of wettability test indicated that the maximum surface tension with deionized water is for nanocrystalline sample. In this regard, the sample coated in silicate-based suspension was 4 times more hydrophilic than the microcrystalline sample. - Highlights: • MAO in phosphate electrolyte needs higher energy as compared to silicate electrolyte. • Less porosity and finer grain size on free surface of the silicate-based coatings. • Observed porosity from top surface of coating shows the effect of the final MAO sparks. • SMAT affects surface roughness and accelerates growth kinetics.

Degree of multicollinearity and variables involved in linear dependence in additive-dominant models Grau de multicolinearidade e variáveis envolvidas na dependência linear em modelos aditivo-dominantes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juliana Petrini

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work was to assess the degree of multicollinearity and to identify the variables involved in linear dependence relations in additive-dominant models. Data of birth weight (n=141,567, yearling weight (n=58,124, and scrotal circumference (n=20,371 of Montana Tropical composite cattle were used. Diagnosis of multicollinearity was based on the variance inflation factor (VIF and on the evaluation of the condition indexes and eigenvalues from the correlation matrix among explanatory variables. The first model studied (RM included the fixed effect of dam age class at calving and the covariates associated to the direct and maternal additive and non-additive effects. The second model (R included all the effects of the RM model except the maternal additive effects. Multicollinearity was detected in both models for all traits considered, with VIF values of 1.03 - 70.20 for RM and 1.03 - 60.70 for R. Collinearity increased with the increase of variables in the model and the decrease in the number of observations, and it was classified as weak, with condition index values between 10.00 and 26.77. In general, the variables associated with additive and non-additive effects were involved in multicollinearity, partially due to the natural connection between these covariables as fractions of the biological types in breed composition.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o grau de multicolinearidade e identificar as variáveis envolvidas na dependência linear em modelos aditivo-dominantes. Foram utilizados dados de peso ao nascimento (n=141.567, peso ao ano (n=58.124 e perímetro escrotal (n=20.371 de bovinos de corte compostos Montana Tropical. O diagnóstico de multicolinearidade foi baseado no fator de inflação de variância (VIF e no exame dos índices de condição e dos autovalores da matriz de correlações entre as variáveis explanatórias. O primeiro modelo estudado (RM incluiu o efeito fixo de classe de idade da mãe ao parto e

Autosomal dominant HMSN with proximal involvement: new Brazilian cases HMSN autossômica dominante com envolvimento proximal: novos casos brasileiros

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristiane Borges Patroclo

2009-09-01

Full Text Available We report four Brazilian siblings with Autosomal Dominant Hereditary Motor Sensory Neuropathy with Proximal Dominant Involvement (HMSN-P, a rare form of HMSN, that was characterized by proximal dominant muscle weakness and atrophy onset after the age of 30 years, fasciculation, arreflexia and sensory disturbances with autosomal dominant inheritance. Electrophysiological study and sural nerve biopsy were in the accordance with axonal sensory motor polyneuropathy and laboratorial analysis disclosed serum lipids and muscle enzymes abnormalities. Our report is the first done by a group outside Japan, where the disease initially seemed to be restricted and stressed the phenotypic variability from the original report.Relatamos os casos de quatro irmãos brasileiros com Neuropatia Sensitivo Motora Hereditária com Envolvimento Proximal Dominante (HMSN-P, uma forma rara de HMSN caracterizada por fraqueza muscular de predomínio proximal e atrofia de instalação após os 30 anos, fasciculações, arreflexia, distúrbios sensitivos e padrão de herança autossômica dominante. Os estudos eletrofisiológicos e de biópsia do nervo sural confirmaram o diagnóstico de polineuropatia sensitivo-motora com padrão lesional axonal. Laboratorialmente foram constatadas anormalidades séricas no metabolismo lipídico e enzimas musculares. Nosso relato é o primeiro feito por um grupo fora do Japão, onde a doença parecia restrita até então e ressalta a variabilidade fenotípica apresentada nos casos Brasileiros.

Biological nutrient removal and molecular biological characteristics in an anaerobic-multistage anaerobic/oxic (A-MAO) process to treat municipal wastewater.

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Xiao; Dong, Wenyi; Wang, Hongjie; Jiang, Shilong

2017-10-01

This study aimed to present an anaerobic-multistage anaerobic/oxic (A-MAO) process to treat municipal wastewater. The average COD, NH 4 + -N, TN, and TP removal efficiency were 91.81%, 96.26%, 83.73% and 94.49%, respectively. Temperature plunge and C/N decrease have a certain impact on the modified process. Characteristics of microbial community, function microorganism, and correlation of microbial community with environmental variables in five compartments were carried out by Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing. The differences of microbial community were observed and Blastocatella, Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas were the dominant genus. Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira occupied a dominant position in AOB and NOB, respectively. Rhodospirillaceae and Rhodocyclaceae owned a considerable proportion in phosphorus removal bacteria. DO and COD played significant roles on affecting the microbial components. The A-MAO process in this study demonstrated a high potential for nutrient removal from municipal wastewater. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Programação esportiva na TV Brasil : a influência da ideologia e indústria cultural

OpenAIRE

Alexandre Machado Rosa

2010-01-01

Resumo: Este trabalho analisa a programação esportiva da TV Brasil desde sua criação em 2007. Ao percorrer os mecanismos ideológicos dominantes, percebemos que a indústria cultural e sua ideologia são aplicadas na forma e no conteúdo da programação esportiva das emissoras abertas comerciais. Há fortes evidências de que este domínio se estende à TV Brasil, apesar de os meandros que permitiram a sua criação implicarem em uma ruptura com o modelo comercial hegemônico. Este pressuposto seria a co...

Multipotent MAO and cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: synthesis, pharmacological analysis and molecular modeling of heterocyclic substituted alkyl and cycloalkyl propargyl amine.

Science.gov (United States)

Samadi, Abdelouahid; de los Ríos, Cristóbal; Bolea, Irene; Chioua, Mourad; Iriepa, Isabel; Moraleda, Ignacio; Bartolini, Manuela; Andrisano, Vincenza; Gálvez, Enrique; Valderas, Carolina; Unzeta, Mercedes; Marco-Contelles, José

2012-06-01

The synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and molecular modeling of heterocyclic substituted alkyl and cycloalkyl propargyl amines 1-7 of type I, and 9-12 of type II, designed as multipotent inhibitors able to simultaneously inhibit monoamine oxidases (MAO-A/B) as well as cholinesterase (AChE/BuChE) enzymes, as potential drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, are described. Indole derivatives 1-7 of type I are well known MAO inhibitors whose capacity to inhibit AChE and BuChE was here investigated for the first time. As a result, compound 7 was identified as a MAO-B inhibitor (IC(50) = 31 ± 2 nM) and a moderately selective eqBuChE inhibitor (IC(50) = 4.7 ± 0.2 μM). Conversely, the new and readily available 5-amino-7-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[2,3-b][1,6]naphthyridine derivatives 9-13 of type II are poor MAO inhibitors, but showed AChE selective inhibition, compound 12 being the most attractive as it acts as a non-competitive inhibitor on EeAChE (IC(50) = 25 ± 3 nM, K(i) = 65 nM). The ability of this compound to interact with the AChE peripheral binding site was confirmed by kinetic studies and by molecular modeling investigation. Studies on human ChEs confirmed that 12 is a selective AChE inhibitor with inhibitory potency in the submicromolar range. Moreover, in agreement with its mode of action, 12 was shown to be able to inhibit Aβ aggregation induced by hAChE by 30.6%. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

A construção de sentidos sobre a homossexualidade na mídia brasileira

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vicente William da Silva Darde

2008-12-01

Full Text Available O jornalismo, entendido como construtor de sentidos sobre a realidade, é um discurso que deve representar a diversidade de pensamento da sociedade contemporânea. No entanto, as representações dos gays criadas a partir do discurso jornalístico podem determinar e/ou intensificar o processo de marginalização dos homossexuais na sociedade. A partir da análise da reportagem sobre casais gays que adotaram crianças, veiculada no programa Globo Repórter da Rede Globo, buscamos contribuir neste artigo para a discussão sobre a construção da homossexualidade pela Imprensa brasileira. A busca pelo reconhecimento social, amparado num discurso de conquista da cidadania, será bem sucedida quando a mídia transformar o caráter arbitrário da cultura dominante na sociedade brasileira em culturas paralelas entendidas como diversidade.

Digital Archive of UkrVO: first results of MAO NASU Solar System Bodies photographic plate processing

Science.gov (United States)

Ivanov, G.; Pakuliak, L.; Shatokhina, S.; Yizhakevych, E.; Kazantseva, L.; Andruk, V.

The digitizing and processing of photographic plates with the images of the outer planets and their satellites from the archive collections of MAO NASU and AO of Kiev university included into the UkrVO Joint Digital Archive (JDA) have been made. Plates were obtained in the last half of the 20th century. The digitizing of JDA archive plates and inclusion of plate preview images into GPA database has been under way, using two models of flatbed scanners: Microtek ScanMaker 9800XL TMA and Epson Expression 10000XL. The database with metadata of plates is allocated on the computational resources of MAO NASU (http://gua.db.ukr-vo.org). Plates have been scanned at 16-bits grey dynamic range, with a resolution of 1200-1600 dpi, and saved in TIFF format. Linear dimensions of images are up to 13 thousand pixels (for plates 30.30 cm). The astrometric and photometric calibration procedures have been done in the LINUX-MIDASROMAFOT environment and Tycho-2 as reference with the image processing procedure specially developed for digitized images of huge linear dimensions on the basis of the image inherent traits. First results of digitized plate processing give the rms errors of 10 and 20 mas for RA, DEC respectively. (O-C) for plates with Pluto in comparison to JPL PLU021.DE405 has been derived of 140(RA) and 270(DEC) mas.

Crescimento em altura de Pinus elliottii Engelm., na região de Piratini no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tonini Helio

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivos estudar as tendências de crescimento em altura dominante de árvores localizadas dentro de uma mesma unidade de mapeamento de solo e estudar a viabilidade de se utilizar a posição do relevo como indicador de sítio para árvores de Pinus elliottii, localizadas em Piratini, na região denominada Serra do Sudeste, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram coletadas 16 árvores dominantes em diferentes posições do relevo, sendo os dados de altura e idade ajustados através da função de RICHARDS (1959, com três coeficientes. A análise das tendências de crescimento feita através da utilização da análise de covariância e análise gráfica, indicaram que a posição do relevo não foi um bom indicador de sítio, pois houve cruzamentos entre as tendências de crescimento para árvores localizadas na mesma posição de relevo. No entanto, a análise das curvas de crescimento, construídas individualmente para os grupos formados por árvores de mesma tendência de crescimento, indicou que estes cruzamentos, por ocorrerem nas menores idades, não justificariam a construção de mais de um sistema de curvas de índice de sítio para este local e unidade de mapeamento de solo.

Subnanomolar indazole-5-carboxamide inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) continued: indications of iron binding, experimental evidence for optimised solubility and brain penetration.

Science.gov (United States)

Tzvetkov, Nikolay T; Antonov, Liudmil

2017-12-01

Pharmacological and physicochemical studies of N-unsubstituted indazole-5-carboxamides (subclass I) and their structurally optimised N1-methylated analogues (subclass II), initially developed as drug and radioligand candidates for the treatment and diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD), are presented. The compounds are highly brain permeable, selective, reversible, and competitive monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors with improved water-solubility and subnanomolar potency (pIC 50  >8.8). Using a well-validated, combined X-ray/modelling technology platform, we performed a semi-quantitative analysis of the binding modes of all compounds and investigated the role of the indazole N1 position for their MAO-B inhibitory activity. Moreover, compounds NTZ-1006, 1032, and 1441 were investigated for their ability to bind Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ions using UV-visible spectroscopy.

Determination of the rate constant for neuronal and extra-neuronal monoamine oxidase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cassis, L.; Ludwig, J.; Trendelenburg, U.

1986-01-01

In the rat vas deferens, neuronal deamination of 3 H-(-) noradrenaline ( 3 H-NA) to 3 H-dihydroxyphenethylglycol ( 3 HDOPEG) cannot be inhibited by pretreatment with a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. However, in the extraneuronal compartment of the rat heart, inhibition of MAO abolishes the formation of 3 HDOPEG. To clarify this discrepancy, the authors determined the rate constant for MAO (/sup k/mao/) neuronally (rat vas deferens) and extraneuronally (rat heart). For neuronal /sup k/mao, vasa deferentia were incubated with 3 HNA for 300 minutes, and the cumulative formation of 3 HDOPEG measured. The delay in time before 3 HDOPEG achieves steady state (/sup tau/system), is inversely proportional to /sup k/mao. Because /sup tau/system is very short for neuronal MAO, an appreciable delay was only achieved after partial inhibition of MAO with various parglyline concentrations. To relate to the uninhibited enzyme, the percentage inhibition by pargyline was then determined in homogenate preparations. For extraneuronal MAO, a similar procedure was performed in perfused rat hearts. Results show a significantly greater /sup k/mao of neuronal origin, (/sup k/mao = .57min - 1) which when related to the fractional size of the neuronal compartment suggests a very high activity of neuronal MAO

Potent and selective α2-adrenoceptor by L-657,743, a new spirocyclic-substituted benzofuroquinolizine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pettibone, D.J.; Clineschmidt, B.V.; Lotti, V.J.

1986-01-01

In the rat vas deferens, neuronal deamination of 3 H-(-)noradrenaline ( 3 H-NA) to 3 H-dihydroxyphenethylglycol ( 3 HDOPEG) cannot be inhibited by pretreatment with a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. However, in the extraneuronal compartment of the rat heart. However, in the extraneuronal compartment of the rat heart, inhibition of MAO abolishes the formation of 3 HDOPEG. To clarify this discrepancy, the authors determined the rate constant for MAO (/sup k/mao) neuronally (rat vas deferens) and extraneuronally (rat heart). For neuronal /sup k/mao/, vasa deferentia were incubated with 3 HNA for 300 minutes, and the cumulative formation of 3 HDOPEG measured. The delay in time before 3 HDOPEG achieves steady state (/sup tau/system), is inversely proportional to /sup k/mao/. Because /sup tau/system is very short for neuronal MAO, an appreciable delay was only achieved after partial inhibition of MAO with various pargyline concentrations. To relate to the uninhibited enzyme, the percentage inhibition by pargyline was then determined in homogenate preparations. For extraneuronal MAO, a similar procedure was performed in perfused rat hearts. Results show a significantly greater /sup k/mao of neuronal origin, (/sup k/mao = .57 min - 1) which when related to the fractional size of the neuronal compartment suggests a very high activity of neuronal MAO

Comparison of two synthetic methods to obtain [18F] N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-fluoropyridine-2-carboxamide, a potential MAO-B imaging tracer for PET

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beer, H.-F.; Haeberli, M.; Ametamey, S.; Schubiger, P.A.

1995-01-01

The compound Ro 19-6327, N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-chloropyridine-2-carboxamide, is known to inhibit reversibly and site specifically the enzyme monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). The 123 I-labelled iodo-analogue N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-iodopyridine-2-carboxamide (Ro 43-0463) was investigated successfully in human volunteers by means of SPET (Single Photon Emission Tomography). We developed therefore the synthesis and radiolabelling of the corresponding fluoro-analogue N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-fluoropyridine-2-carboxamide with 18 F in order to carry out PET (Positron Emission Tomography) investigations of MAO-B related neuropsychiatric diseases. For this purpose two synthetic approaches leading to the electrophilic and the nucleophilic methods of 18 F radiolabelling were undertaken. The nucleophilic approach appeared to be superior when factors such as precursor synthesis, beam time, specific activity and radiochemical purity of the product are considered. (author)

Afecções cirúrgicas intracranianas na infância e adolescência. Análise de 103 casos. I: distribuição em relação à idade, sede e natureza

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aloysio Mattos Pimenta

1954-09-01

Full Text Available Quanto à natureza (quadros 1 e 2 - 1 A classificação histológica traz em si fatores de êrro devido à existência, na mesma peça, de zonas de constituição celular diferente, e à diversa orientação seguida pelos patologistas. 2 Os gliomas constituem o grupo dominante, sendo que: a. o glioblastoma, tumor próprio da idade adulta, apareceu tanto em situação supratentorial como infratentorial ; b. o astrocitoma foi dominante no hemisfério cerebelar; c. o meduloblastoma apareceu como lesão de fossa posterior, nem sempre na linha média e excepcionalmente como lesão de hemisfério cerebral; d. o ependimoma só apareceu no 4º ventrículo, não aparecendo no hemisfério cerebral, como mostrou Tõnnis (temos um caso de neuroepitelioma de hemisfério cerebral que alguns patologistas classificam como ependimoma ; e. os papilomas foram os tumores intraventriculares. 3 Os meningeomas foram raros em nosso material. 4 0 neurinoma foi excepcional. 5 Nos tumores da região hipofisária, não tivemos casos de adenoma, mas apenas craniofaringeomas e gliomas do nervo óptico. 6 0 hemangioblastoma, de freqüência desusada em nosso material geral, requerendo mesmo revisão de estudo histológico, não foi dominante nas duas primeiras décadas da vida. 7 Dos tumores malignos de início clínico no sistema nervoso dominou o reticulossarcoma. 8 Das afec-ções cirúrgicas não tumorais apareceram de preferência os hematomas, os abscessos e a cisticercose (em relação à cisticercose devemos dizer que foram relacionados apenas os casos verificados cirùrgicamente. Os tuberculomas foram raríssimos. O aneurisma arteriovenoso, lesão que começa com sintomas no início da 2ª década, é diagnosticado geralmente mais tarde. Em nosso material alguns casos apareceram após a análise deste grupo. Quanto à sede (quadro 3 - 1 Em conjunto, não houve dominância nítida das lesões infratentoriais sobre as supratentoriais, como é clássico na literatura m

BANGUNAN TINGGI MULTI FUNGSI SEBAGAI SINTESIS ARSITEKTUR DAN STRUKTUR Studi Analisis Jin Mao Tower Grand Hyatt Shanghai

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jimmy Priatman

2005-01-01

Full Text Available More than two decades, after the emerging of post- modern architecture, the split between construction technology and cultural expression in architecture appeared to become wider and wider. With the exception of a few "high-tech" buildings, the unity of art and applied science (technology in design seems facing challenges. It is interesting to see how fast and unexpectedly the situation has changed. Many factors and people played a role in this reversal, many new buildings demonstrate that utilitarian artifacts do not have to be oppressive to creativity but can evoke new innovation. One of the most significant contributors was JIN MAO TOWER at Shanghai, China. The paper analyses this building as a genuine synthesis of rational intelligence with art poetry that is still possible. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Lebih dari dua dekade setelah timbulnya arsitektur pasca modern, pemisahan antara tekknologi konstruksi dan ekspresi kultural dalam arsitektur menjadi semakin lebar. Dengan perkecualian beberapa gedung "high-tech", kesatuan antara seni dan teknologi dalam tahap desain terlihat menghadapi tantangan tantangan. Tetapi menarik untuk diamati bahwa situasi telah berubah. Banyak faktor dan tokoh tokoh arsitek memegang peranan penting dalam perubahan ini, banyak bangunan bangunan baru mendemontrasikan bahwa artefak fungsionil tidak bearti menindas kreativitas namun dapat membangkitkan inovasi baru. Salah satu kontributor yang sangat penting adalah JIN MAO TOWER di Shanghai-China. Makalah ini membahas bangunan tersebut sebagai sintesis orijinal yang masih memungkinkan antara kecerdasan rasional dengan puisi seni arsitektur. Kata kunci: Sintesis.

Observations in the Past of Solar System Bodies with MAO NANU Plate Archives

Science.gov (United States)

Sergeeva, T. P.; Golovnya, V. V.; Yizhakevych, E. M.; Shatokhina, S. V.; Sergeev, A. V.

2006-04-01

The plate archives of the Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine contain more than 100,000 images of minor planets with magnitude up to 16.7m. About 10% of the minor planets, found on our archival plates, were discovered many years after taking the plates. So we can rediscover them by so called "observation in the past" and obtain their positions for improvement of the dynamical models of their motions. Other Solar System bodies for which we try to get "observation in the past" are the external planets satellites. The criteria for chosen objects, the search methods, identification and determination of positions are discussed. The first results of the asteroids and the external planet satellites search in MAO plate archives are presented.

CONCEITOS E ENFOQUES DOMINANTES NA GESTÃO HÍDRICA DO OASIS NORTE DA PROVÍNCIA DE MENDOZA - ARGENTINA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Virgínia Grosso

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Mendoza, província árida do centro-oeste da República Argentina, viveu nos últimos tempos o aprofundamento do debate sobre a problemática da escassez de água. Este trabalho tem por objetivo aproximar-se das respostas às seguintes perguntas: quais fatores construíram e contróem a denominada escassez hídrica na província? Eles se apresentam de maneira homogênea em todo o território de Mendonça? Para abordá-las, inicialmente se analisam e correlacionam os aportes teóricos da nova economia e cultura da água e da teoria população-recursos em torno da noção de escassez. Em segundo lugar, se identificaram as problemáticas hídricas (de apropriação, gestão e uso que se observam ao longo da bacia do rio Mendoza.

El contenido del videoclip dominante como reproductor cultural e ideológico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jon-Emanuel ILLESCAS-MARTÍNEZ

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Con la popularización de Internet, el videoclip mainstream se ha transformado en la mercancía cultural más consumida por la juventud global, por encima de libros, películas, programas de TV o videojuegos. Por esa misma razón, estos productos de alcance internacional influencian las cosmovisones y las ideologías de los adolescentes y los jóvenes adultos que forman su target. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha, es prácticamente nula la bibliografía que haya tratado este tema analizando una muestra lo suficientemente significativa para llegar a sugerir una propuesta que supere el rango de hipótesis. El presente artículo se dispone solventar este vacío académico. Teniendo en cuenta el funcionamiento oligárquico y la propiedad privada de las principales empresas multinacionales que constituyen la industria de la música pop, analizamos el contenido audiovisual de los vídeos dominantes en relación con la creación de un universo simbólico entre los más jóvenes favorable a la reproducción del sistema socioeconómico de donde surge. De este modo, tras analizar los 500 videoclips más vistos de YouTube, llegamos a la conclusión que la mayoría de su contenido refuerza la reproducción de hábitos culturales e ideologías funcionales para la renovación del poder y la hegemonía de la clase capitalista.

Microarc Oxidation of the High-Silicon Aluminum AK12D Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. K. Kiseleva

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of work is to study how the high-silicon aluminum AK12D alloy microstructure and MAO-process modes influence on characteristics (microhardness, porosity and thickness of the oxide layer of formed surface layer.Experimental methods of study:1 MAO processing of AK12D alloy disc-shaped samples. MAO modes features are concentration of electrolyte components – soluble water glass Na2SiO3 and potassium hydroxide (KOH. The content of two components both the soluble water glass and the potassium hydroxide was changed at once, with their concentration ratio remaining constant;2 metallographic analysis of AK12D alloy structure using an optical microscope «Olympus GX51»;3 image analysis of the system "alloy AK12D - MAO - layer" using a scanning electron microscope «JEOL JSM 6490LV»;4 hardness evaluation of the MAO-layers using a micro-hardness tester «Struers Duramin».The porosity, microhardness and thickness of MAO-layer formed on samples with different initial structures are analyzed in detail. Attention is paid to the influence of MAO process modes on the quality layer.It has been proved that the MAO processing allows reaching quality coverage with high microhardness values of 1200-1300HV and thickness up to 114 μm on high-silicon aluminum alloy. It has been found that the initial microstructure of alloy greatly affects the thickness of the MAO - layer. The paper explains the observed effect using the physical principles of MAO process and the nature of silicon particles distribution in the billet volume.It has been shown that increasing concentration of sodium silicate and potassium hydroxide in the electrolyte results in thicker coating and high microhardness.It has been revealed that high microhardness is observed in the thicker MAO-layers.Conclusions:1 The microstructure of aluminum AK12D alloy and concentration of electrolyte components - liquid glass Na2SiO3 and potassium hydroxide affect the quality of coating resulted from MAO

Globalisation: implications for health care delivery in developing countries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Louise de Villiers

2005-11-01

Full Text Available Globalisation entails a rapid increase in economic, technological and cultural exchange, which flows from economically and technologically dominant nations to less dominant nations. Opsomming Globalisering behels ‘n toename in ekonomiese, tegnologiese en kulturele uitruiling vanaf ekonomies-dominante na ekonomies minder-dominante samelewings. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

The effect of diabetes mellitus on the morphology and physiology of monoamine oxidase in the pancreas.

Science.gov (United States)

Adeghate, Ernest; Parvez, Hasan

2004-01-01

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an ubiquitous, non-soluble, membrane-bound enzyme, located in the outer membrane of mitochondria. MAO consists of two subtypes, MAO-A and MAO-B, depending on their substrates and sensitivity to inhibitors. MAO consists of two units joined together by a disulphide bond. The two units of MAO and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) form a polymer in the outer membrane of mitochondria. The function of MAO-A is highly dependent on the lipid constituent of mitochondrial membrane, whereas the function of MAO-B does not depend on the lipid status of mitochondrial membrane. Hydrogen peroxide and ammonia are generated during MAO-induced metabolism of its substrates. MAO and its substrates are present in both the exocrine as well as the endocrine parts of the pancreas. In the islet of Langerhans, MAO-A is observed in about 50% of the cells, whereas MAO-B is less abundant and located mainly in the periphery of pancreatic islets. MAO-B is also demonstrated in centroacinar cells and in pancreatic ducts. Electron microscopy studies suggest that MAO is co-localised with insulin in secretory granules of pancreatic beta cells. Pharmacologically, beta-2-adrenoreceptors agonists such as terbutaline can stimulate MAO activity. In contrast, cholinergic muscarinic stimulation does not affect islet MAO activity. MAO activity in pancreatic tissue is significantly reduced in diabetes. This decrease in MAO activity is associated with an increase in pancreatic tissue levels of adrenaline (ADR) and noradrenaline (NA). Studies on the level of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid of pancreatic tissues suggest that serotonin level is also increased in diabetics. Many studies show that MAO inhibits insulin secretion. However, some of its substrates including, serotonin, adrenaline and noradrenaline have been shown to stimulate insulin secretion. In conclusion, the activity and subcellular localisation of MAO suggests that MAO may play an important role in pancreatic beta cell

DIE SLUIPOORLOG IN SUID-AFRIKA EN CHINA

African Journals Online (AJOL)

onder Chiang. Kaishek teen die Kommuniste onder. Mao Tse-tung. Die stryd kan verdeel word in vier fases: (1) Die stryd in Suidoos-China in dele van die provinsies Hunan, Kiangsi en. Fukien, 1928- 1934. (2) Die Lang Mars van die Kommunis- tiese stryders onder leiding van Mao van Suidoos-China na Noordwes-China.

Searching for Multi-Targeting Neurotherapeutics against Alzheimer’s: Discovery of Potent AChE-MAO B Inhibitors through the Decoration of the 2H-Chromen-2-one Structural Motif

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonardo Pisani

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The need for developing real disease-modifying drugs against neurodegenerative syndromes, particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD, shifted research towards reliable drug discovery strategies to unveil clinical candidates with higher therapeutic efficacy than single-targeting drugs. By following the multi-target approach, we designed and synthesized a novel class of dual acetylcholinesterase (AChE-monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B inhibitors through the decoration of the 2H-chromen-2-one skeleton. Compounds bearing a propargylamine moiety at position 3 displayed the highest in vitro inhibitory activities against MAO-B. Within this series, derivative 3h emerged as the most interesting hit compound, being a moderate AChE inhibitor (IC50 = 8.99 µM and a potent and selective MAO-B inhibitor (IC50 = 2.8 nM. Preliminary studies in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines demonstrated its low cytotoxicity and disclosed a promising neuroprotective effect at low doses (0.1 µM under oxidative stress conditions promoted by two mitochondrial toxins (oligomycin-A and rotenone. In a Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCKII-MDR1 cell-based transport study, Compound 3h was able to permeate the BBB-mimicking monolayer and did not result in a glycoprotein-p (P-gp substrate, showing an efflux ratio = 0.96, close to that of diazepam.

E agora ... de quem, cuidarei?”: o cuidar na percepção de idosas institucionalizadas e não institucionalizadas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Camila Vianna Duarte

Full Text Available O perfil demográfico brasileiro tem mudado as características do envelhecimento. Este trabalho objetiva investigar a percepção de idosas sobre o cuidado consigo e com o outro, comparando-a com suas necessidades atuais de cuidados. Participaram dez mulheres, entre 65 e 89 anos, subdivididas em: institucionalizadas e não-institucionalizadas. Realizaram-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas, analisadas qualitativamente. Observou-se que o papel de “cuidadora” cria um vácuo na concepção dominante quando essas mulheres acedem à condição de objeto do cuidado do outro. Entretanto, parecem assumir um maior comprometimento com o autocuidado. Conclui-se que a família, programas comunitários e religião são as principais redes de suporte psicossocial. A ocupação e a sociabilidade influem na percepção do cuidado.

Desempenho muscular isocinético dos ombros em atletas de rúgbi = Isokinetic muscle performance of shoulders in rugby athletes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tadiello, Gerson Saciloto

2017-01-01

CONCLUSÕES: Os atletas amadores de rúgbi apresentaram um desempenho muscular inferior do membro não dominante quando comparado ao membro dominante na análise do pico de torque. Essa diferença não havia sido encontrada nos demais estudos com atletas de rúgbi e acreditamos que este resultado se justifique pela falta de treinamentos mais frequentes e adequados desses atletas amadores

Photographic Observations of Major Planets and Their Moons During 1961-1990 at the MAO NAS of Ukraine

Science.gov (United States)

Yizhakevych, O. M.; Andruk, V. M.; Pakuliak, L. K.

We present the results of photographic observations' processing of Saturn's moons, Uranus, Neptune and their moons on the basis of MAO NAS of Ukraine photographic observational archive. The analysis of the results is given. Observations were obtained using 4 telescopes: Double Long-Focus Astrograph (DLFA, D/F = 400/5500), Zeiss Double Astrograph (DAZ, D/F= 400/3000), Reflector Zeiss-600 (D/F= 600/7500), Wideangle Astrograph, (DWA, D/F= 400/2000). Observations were carried out during 1961 - 1990 (http://gua.db.ukrvo. org). Digitizing of plates has been done by EPSON EXPRESSION 10000XL (EE) flatbed scanner in 16-bit gray color range with resolution 1200dpi.(Andruk et al.: 2005, 2012; Golovnja et al.: 2010;. Protsyuk et al. 2014a, 2014b). The reduction of plates was made using the software developed in MAO NASU in the enhanced LINUX-MIDAS software kit. (Andruk V. et al.: 2016a, 2016b). Tycho2 was used as a reference system. The internal accuracy of the reduction for the first three instruments is ±0.08 - ±0.13 arcsec for both coordinates. For the wide angle astrograph DWA, RMS errors appeared 2 - 2.5 times higher. The total amount of processed plates with images of Saturn's moons is 209 (511 frames), 33 plates contain the images of Uranus and U1,U2,U3,U4 moons, 29 plates have images of Neptune and N1 moon (Yizhakevych et al., 2015, 2016, 2017; Protsyuk et al., 2015). The online comparison of calculated positions of objects with IMCCE ephemeris data was made (http://lnfm1.sai.msu.ru/neb/nss/nssephmf.htm).

Speech at the Meeting Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of Chairman MAO Ze-dong's Important Instruction on Western Medicine Doctors Learning Traditional Chinese Medicine

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

CHEN Zhu

2009-01-01

@@ Respected leaders, distinguished guests, venerable seniors and comrades, Today, the Meeting Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of Chairman MAO Ze-dong's Important Instructions on Western Medicine Doctors Learning Traditional Chinese Medicine was inaugurated by the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine, and it is also an important occasion to review the past and look forward to the future.

Effects of Condensed Tannins in Mao ( Muell. Arg. Seed Meal on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Nitrogen Utilization in Goats

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. Gunun

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Mao seed is a by-product of the wine and juice industry, which could be used in animal nutrition. The current study was designed to determine the effect of supplementation of mao (Antidesma thwaitesianum Muell. Arg. seed meal (MOSM containing condensed tannins (CT on rumen fermentation, nitrogen (N utilization and microbial protein synthesis in goats. Four crossbred (Thai Native×Anglo Nubian goats with initial body weight (BW 20±2 kg were randomly assigned to a 4×4 Latin square design. The four dietary treatments were MOSM supplementation at 0%, 0.8%, 1.6%, and 2.4% of total dry matter (DM intake, respectively. During the experimental periods, all goats were fed a diet containing roughage to concentrate ratio of 60:40 at 3.0% BW/d and pangola grass hay was used as a roughage source. Results showed that supplementation with MOSM did not affect feed intake, nutrient intakes and apparent nutrient digestibility (p>0.05. In addition, ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N were not influenced by MOSM supplementation, whilst blood urea nitrogen was decreased quadraticly (p0.05. There were linear decreases in urinary N (p0.05. From the current study, it can be concluded that supplementation of MOSM at 1.6% to 2.4% of total DM intake can be used to modify ruminal fermentation, especially propionate and N utilization in goats, without affecting the nutrient digestibility, microbial populations and microbial protein synthesis.

Structure, MC3T3-E1 cell response, and osseointegration of macroporous titanium implants covered by a bioactive microarc oxidation coating with microporous structure.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Rui; Wei, Daqing; Cheng, Su; Feng, Wei; Du, Qing; Yang, Haoyue; Li, Baoqiang; Wang, Yaming; Jia, Dechang; Zhou, Yu

2014-04-09

Macroporous Ti with macropores of 50-400 μm size is prepared by sintering Ti microbeads with different diameters of 100, 200, 400, and 600 μm. Bioactive microarc oxidation (MAO) coatings with micropores of 2-5 μm size are prepared on the macroporous Ti. The MAO coatings are composed of a few TiO2 nanocrystals and lots of amorphous phases with Si, Ca, Ti, Na, and O elements. Compared to compact Ti, the MC3T3-E1 cell attachment is prolonged on macroporous Ti without and with MAO coatings; however, the cell proliferation number increases. These results are contributed to the effects of the space structure of macroporous Ti and the surface chemical feature and element dissolution of the MAO coatings during the cell culture. Macroporous Ti both without and with MAO coatings does not cause any adverse effects in vivo. The new bone grows well into the macropores and micropores of macroporous Ti with MAO coatings, showing good mechanical properties in vivo compared to Ti, MAO-treated Ti, and macroporous Ti because of its excellent osseointegration. Moreover, the MAO coatings not only show a high interface bonding strength with new bones but also connect well with macroporous Ti. Furthermore, the pushing out force for macroporous Ti with MAO coatings increases significantly with increasing microbead diameter.

Catalog of Astronomical Positions of Saturn's Moons Obtained by Photographic Observations at the Mao Nasu in 1961-1991

Science.gov (United States)

Yizhakevych, O. M.; Andruk, V. M.; Pakuliak, L. K.

In the framework of UkrVO national project the new methods of plate digital image processing are developed. The photographic material of the UkrVO Joint Digital Archive (JDA, http://194.44.35.19/vo-mao/DB/ archivespecial.php) is used for the solution of classic astrometric problem - positional and photometric determinations of objects registered on the plates including Saturn's moons. The results of tested methods show that the positional RMS errors are better than ±150 mas for both coordinates and photometric ones are better than ±0.20m with the Tycho-2 catalogue as reference.

Google (encore) encore soupçonné d'abus de position dominante : Observations sur la Communication des griefs de la Commission Européenne du 20 avril 2016

OpenAIRE

Mouron , Philippe

2016-01-01

National audience; La Commission, dans cette communication du 20 avril 2016, énonce plusieurs griefs à l'encontre de Google, ceux-ci pouvant faire état d’un abus de position dominante :- les contrats passés avec les fabricants d’appareils mobiles subordonneraient l’octroi de licences pour des applications propriétaires (telles que Playstore) à la préinstallation d’autres applications, dont les plus essentielles pour l’utilisation des smartphones et tablettes (Google Search ou Chrome) ;- ces m...

ESTADO E NOVOS AGENTES SOCIAIS NA RECONSTRUÇÃO DO ESPAÇO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cláudio Barbosa da Costa

2006-07-01

Full Text Available Este estudo tem como objetivo principal sistematizar novas questões referentes à complexidade das ações dos agentes sociais na construção do espaço contemporâneo, e que vem interferindo, de maneira significativa, na forma como o Estado vem realizando o processo de intervenção no território. Os eixos analíticos do estudo serão constituídos pelo novo patamar de acumulação que constitui a globalização, os grandes agentes econômicos internacionais e as novas referências da chamada lógica civilizatória, na qual emergem sujeitos sociais que ao buscarem romper com idéia dominante de desenvolvimento e de crescimento, vêm construindo novas formas de lidar com a natureza, com o território e com o trabalho, estabelecendo a alteridade, a partir da luta pela sua legitimidade. A compreensão teórica dos novos movimentos sociais possibilitou um melhor entendimento do papel histórico destes agentes na construção contemporânea do espaço e das suas relações com o vetor ecológico e o desenvolvimento sustentável. Para finalizar, realizamos uma análise histórica das intervenções do Estado brasileiro na construção do território nacional, buscando identificar a complexidade dos agentes da sociedade civil, e as possibilidades e os limites da constituição de um projeto geopolítico através de um novo pacto social, que resguardando as diferenças, consideram-se as territorialidades dos setores sociais historicamente excluídos do processo de

A outra juventude radicalizada: o anticomunismo na Argentina e no Chile (1959-1973 = The other radicalised youth: anti-communism in Argentina and Chile (1959-1973

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bohoslavsky, Ernesto

2016-01-01

Full Text Available A imagem dominante sobre os anos sessenta no Cone Sul faz referência aos processos de insubordinação social desenvolvidos por setores da população rural, trabalhadores urbanos e jovens de ambos os sexos, desencantados com a política formal e desejosos de promover mudanças sociais profundas. Entretanto, é possível identificar outra série de atores que também recorreram a um repertório de ações políticas de forte impacto público, mas sediados em uma coordenada ideológica completamente diversa. Este artigo revisa algumas das práticas e discursos de grupos de jovens incorporados às organizações de direita radical na Argentina e no Chile entre 1959 e 1973. Concentra-se no Movimiento gremialista, na juventude do Partido Nacional, na Frente Nacionalista Patria y Libertad (do Chile, no Movimiento Nacionalista Tacuara e na juventude da Federación Argentina de Entidades Democráticas Anticomunistas (da Argentina. Esta pesquisa comparativa consultou distintas fontes: imprensa comercial, jornais partidários e relatórios de órgãos de inteligência policial

Las implicaciones del imaginario dominante “Barrios del Sur” en la producción del espacio urbano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Villalobos Vega

2016-07-01

Full Text Available La ciudad y lo que se entiende como su realidad, es una dinámica de producción territorial compleja e infinita que se teje recíprocamente entre su dimensión imaginaria (memoria, ideas, sentidos, emociones, etc., su dimensión empírica (edificaciones, infraestructura, acontecimientos, y la manera en que sus ciudadanos, tanto la sociedad civil como quienes ostentan el poder, amalgaman las distintas variables que la componen para simbolizarla y construirla constantemente (dimensión social. Ante esta premisa, el presente artículo esboza, como problemática urbana, la construcción mediática del territorio, desde el fenómeno de las representaciones de los “Barrios del Sur”, un imaginario dominante que se designa bajo generalizaciones negativas del territorio sur del casco central de la ciudad de San José, Costa Rica (Distrito Hospital y Catedral; y su profundo impacto en la producción de la ciudad a nivel de organización territorial (ubicación de miedos y culpas en la urbe, planificación, diseño e inversión urbana, y vivencia socio-espacial del entorno designado.

La formación de masculinidades hegemónicas en la clase dominante: el caso de la sexualidad en los colegios privados de elite en Chile

OpenAIRE

Madrid, Sebastián

2016-01-01

Resumen: Sobre la base de 41 historias de vida, de hombres y mujeres (de 19 a 45 años), ex-estudiantes de tres tipos de colegios privados de elite en Santiago de Chile, este artículo analiza el proceso de construcción de masculinidades hegemónicas en la clase dominante chilena. Se examina la forma en que la producción de distintos patrones de masculinidades se relaciona con cambios en la parte alta de la estructura social y se analiza el modo en que la sexualidad conecta la formación simultán...

Análisis de las metodologías usadas en la detección de posiciones dominantes en el mercado de electricidad mayorista colombiano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Camilo Gallego

2011-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se analiza el estado actual de las diferentes metodologías para determinar posiciones dominantes en el mercado eléctrico mayorista Colombiano. Se indica la existencia de una aproximación en el cálculo del Índice de Lerner (IL, principal métrica para estimar poder de mercado, que conlleva en algunos casos a presentarse sobrestimaciones o subestimaciones de este índice. Se proponen varias alternativas con el fin de demostrar distintas maneras para estimar el poder de mercado y subsanar las dificultades encontradas. Los resultados numéricos indican que es preciso revisar cuidadosamente la metodología vigente en el país.

Landslide Hazard Zonation Along NH-39 From Kangpokpi To Mao, Manipur, India

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

TH. DEVALA DEVI

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Due to the prevailing high rainfall and complex nature of terrain, hilly areas of Manipur are vulnerable to instability and mass wasting which have been aggravated by rapid pace of anthropogenic activities and high seismicity. To categorize the land surface into areas and arrange them according to degree of actual or potential hazard from landslide or other mass movements on slopes, an effort is made to prepare landslide hazard zonation map along NH-39 from Kangpokpi to Mao, covering an area of 650km2. Based on the hazardousness to landslide the study area has been divided into four different zones. The major part of the study area about 380km2 (58% falls under the category of high risk zone, followed by moderate risk zone covering an area of 152km2, low risk zone (115 km2, and very high hazard zone (3 km2. Such zonation maps are useful for identifying and delineating unstable hazard prone areas so that suitable mitigative measures can be adopted to minimize the hazards. It also helps planners to choose the favorable sites for developmental schemes like road and building constructions.

Regresso às Origens: A Importância do Indivíduo na Criatividade nas Organizações

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Filipe da Silva Gomes

2016-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste texto é realçar o papel do indivíduo na criatividade nas organizações. Esse papel tem sido estranhamente remetido para um plano secundário, à medida que as modernas visões da criatividade a definem, sobretudo, com relação ao contexto em que ocorre. De fato, na perspectiva atual, a criatividade não pode ser entendida sem se considerarem os contextos funcional, relacional e organizacional nos quais está inserido o trabalhador. Tais são as considerações da maior parte dos autores que escreve sobre o tópico, como sejam Amabile (1996, Csikszentmihalyi (1996, ou, mais recentemente, Glăveanu (2010a, 2010b. Essa corrente dominante, com origem no interacionismo psico-social, tem ainda influenciado o desenvolvimento teórico de outros conceitos em psicologia, sociologia, e, na sequência, nas ciências sociais e humanas, e na gestão. Essa supremacia no que concerne a criatividade, tem conduzido os autores a olvidar o papel do indivíduo no processo e no resultado criativos, chegando a retirar-lhe a responsabilidade e o protagonismo pela geração e produção de ideias. Desse modo, no presente texto, recuperam-se os argumentos em favor da centralidade da pessoa na criatividade, defendendo-se que esta tem uma existência isolada de influências externas, e que, como tal, devem relembrar-se as bases individuais da criatividade.

Percalços na história da ciência: B. F. Skinner e a aceitação inicial da Análise Experimental do comportamento entre as décadas de 1930 e 1940

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Robson Nascimento da Cruz

Full Text Available A elaboração inicial do conceito de condicionamento operante e do delineamento experimental de sujeito único define as bases do sistema explicativo skinneriano em meados de 1930. Todavia, essas formulações não foram imediatamente aceitas. Com o objetivo de compreender os motivos envolvidos nesse episódio da história inicial da Análise do Comportamento, discutimos três eventos históricos, quais sejam: a as dificuldades enfrentadas por Skinner após o seu pós-doutorado; b a recepção ao seu primeiro livro, The Behavior of Organisms; c a disputa com outros modelos explicativos do comportamento. Uma história constituída por determinantes de natureza motivacional, institucional, emocional, econômica e pelas dificuldades de ir na contramão de tendências dominantes na Psicologia Experimental norte-americana é o que se conclui na presente investigação.

Trabajo y salud en la industria maquiladora mexicana: una tendencia dominante en el neoliberalismo dominado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Villegas

Full Text Available Se analizan las condiciones laborales y de salud de los trabajadores de la Industria Maquiladora de Exportación en México. Hace uso intensivo de la fuerza de trabajo mayoritariamente femenina,constituye la segunda fuente de divisas. Ilustra una tendencia dominante en el neoliberalimo respecto a condiciones de trabajo y salud, permite apreciar el impacto de la generalizada flexibilización laboral y del creciente cambio tecnológico. El panorama de los riesgos y exigencias es complejo. En la organización laboral persisten exigencias del taylorismo, los riesgos químicos son múltiples y con probables efectos que rebasan el ámbito laboral, también existen exigencias de trabajo repetitivo y posiciones incómodas. Las repercusiones en la salud muestran elevados índices de morbilidad por demanda en los servicios de seguridad social, entre 2 y 4 veces más altos que para otros trabajadores industriales. Padecimientos asociados al estrés ocupan elevado porcentaje entre los motivos de consulta. También se muestran repercusiones en las familias, el bajo peso al nacer de los hijos es un riesgo 2.8 veces mayor para obreras de la maquila respecto de otros grupos de trabajadoras. Los accidentes laborales alcanzan cifras elevada y llegando a ser la segunda causa de consulta en algunos casos. Este análisis permite identificar algunas tendencias que en la salud laboral pueden ser importantes en los próximos años para amplios grupos de trabajadores.

Trabajo y salud en la industria maquiladora mexicana: una tendencia dominante en el neoliberalismo dominado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Villegas Jorge

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Se analizan las condiciones laborales y de salud de los trabajadores de la Industria Maquiladora de Exportación en México. Hace uso intensivo de la fuerza de trabajo mayoritariamente femenina,constituye la segunda fuente de divisas. Ilustra una tendencia dominante en el neoliberalimo respecto a condiciones de trabajo y salud, permite apreciar el impacto de la generalizada flexibilización laboral y del creciente cambio tecnológico. El panorama de los riesgos y exigencias es complejo. En la organización laboral persisten exigencias del taylorismo, los riesgos químicos son múltiples y con probables efectos que rebasan el ámbito laboral, también existen exigencias de trabajo repetitivo y posiciones incómodas. Las repercusiones en la salud muestran elevados índices de morbilidad por demanda en los servicios de seguridad social, entre 2 y 4 veces más altos que para otros trabajadores industriales. Padecimientos asociados al estrés ocupan elevado porcentaje entre los motivos de consulta. También se muestran repercusiones en las familias, el bajo peso al nacer de los hijos es un riesgo 2.8 veces mayor para obreras de la maquila respecto de otros grupos de trabajadoras. Los accidentes laborales alcanzan cifras elevada y llegando a ser la segunda causa de consulta en algunos casos. Este análisis permite identificar algunas tendencias que en la salud laboral pueden ser importantes en los próximos años para amplios grupos de trabajadores.

O ensino tradicional na disciplina Percepção Musical: principais aspectos em destaque por autores da área nos últimos anos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristiane H. Vital Otutumi

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem a finalidade de expor os principais aspectos problematizados nos últimos anos sobre a diretriz pedagógica dominante na disciplina Percepção Musical, ou seja, a da escola tradicional. Professores e pesquisadores da matéria tem argumentado questões importantes para uma nova perspectiva no campo, contrapondo-se ao ensino musical fragmentado, o forte direcionamento aos ditados, à pouca flexibilidade de repertório, entre outros. A partir do estudo de sete dissertações e teses defendidas entre 1999 e 2011, e artigos publicados nos anais da Associação Brasileira de Educação Musical - ABEM, de 2001 a 2011, são expostos neste texto cinco principais tópicos que se destacam durante as argumentações e reflexões sobre a disciplina. Tais documentos foram tratados sob a ótica da Análise de Conteúdo e propiciam um diálogo significativo sobre a relação ensino e aprendizagem na disciplina no âmbito do ensino superior de Música.

The burden of gestational diabetes mellitus in Jamaican women with a family history of autosomal dominant type 2 diabetes La carga de la diabetes mellitus gestacional en mujeres de Jamaica con antecedentes familiares de diabetes autosómica dominante tipo 2

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rachael R. Irving

2008-02-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: To determine if Jamaican women of African descent with a family history of early onset autosomal dominant type 2 diabetes have greater odds of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM than those without a family history of the disease. METHODS: A comparative study was conducted of two groups of pregnant Jamaican women: the first with a family history of early onset autosomal dominant type 2 diabetes; the second with no history of the disease. Incidence, odds for developing GDM, and metabolic profiles in first and second trimesters were assessed using SPSS 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, United States. RESULTS: The incidence of GDM was 12.0 % in women with a family history of early onset autosomal dominant type 2 diabetes and 1.5% in women without a family history of the disease (P OBJETIVOS: Determinar si las mujeres jamaicanas de ascendencia africana con antecedentes familiares de inicio temprano de diabetes autosómica dominante tipo 2 tienen mayor probabilidad de desarrollar diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG que las que no tienen esos antecedentes familiares. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio comparativo con dos grupos de mujeres jamaicanas embarazadas: el primero con mujeres que tenían antecedentes familiares de inicio temprano de diabetes autosómica dominante tipo 2 y el segundo con mujeres sin antecedentes familiares de esa enfermedad. Se empleó el programa SPSS v. 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, Estados Unidos de América para analizar los resultados y calcular la incidencia, la probabilidad de desarrollar DMG y los perfiles metabólicos en el primer y el segundo trimestres de gestación. RESULTADOS: La incidencia de DMG fue de 12,0% en las mujeres con antecedentes familiares de inicio temprano de diabetes autosómica dominante tipo 2 y de 1,5% en las mujeres sin antecedentes familiares de esa enfermedad (P < 0,05. Las mujeres del primer grupo tuvieron nueve veces más probabilidades de desarrollar DMG que las

ESTUDO DA REGENERAÇÃO NATURAL, BANCO DE SEMENTES E CHUVA DE SEMENTES NA RESERVA GENÉTICA FLORESTAL DE CAÇADOR, SC

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Solon Jonas Longhi

1996-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudo foi realizado na Reserva Genética Florestal de Caçador, no Estado de Santa Catarina no período de agosto de 1995 a janeiro de 1996. Para o estudo da regeneração natural foram instaladas 10 parcelas de 250 m² (10m x 25m. No interior das mesmas foram coletados a camada de solo juntamente com a serapilheira em até 3cm de profundidade em 40 pontos amostrais de 0,5m x 0,5m para a análise do banco de sementes no solo, e instalados 20 coletores com área de 0,5 m x 0,5 m para a avaliação da chuva de sementes. Os resultados mostram que apesar da Araucaria angustifolia ser a espécie dominante no estrato superior da floresta não apresenta indivíduos na regeneração natural e a Mimosa scabrella foi a espécie arbórea mais importante presente no banco de sementes no solo. As relações entre os três parâmetros avaliados evidenciam uma distribuição irregular das espécies na área de estudo.

¿Gouvernementalité del terror?. Sobre la relación entre hegemonía y violencia dominante

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raúl Zelik

2009-01-01

Full Text Available La figura de ‘la auto-limitación de la dominación’ ha jugado un papel clave en el pensamiento político del siglo XX, sea en la “minimización de la dominación” (Weber, el concepto gramsciano de hegemonía o en la noción de la gouvernementalité de Foucault. Basándose en las tesis de Giorgio Agamben, sin embargo, muchos autores han destacado una tendencia contraria en los últimos años: los Estados occidentales han usado la tortura, el secuestro y el campo (lager extralegal como instrumentos de seguridad estatal, liberando la violencia dominante de sus limitaciones. Finalizando, se plantean tres tendencias fundamentales de las estrategias de guerra política: la biopolitización, irregularización y gubernamentalización. El fin principal de la guerra asimétrica que funde el operativo policial, el state building, la psicología de masas y la guerra, es el control de la población civil. Para lograr este objetivo, se desregula y terceriza sistemáticamente la violencia estatal. El centro de esta guerra ya no lo constituyen las acciones militares propias. Más bien se persigue la colocación de un cierto orden de conflictos el que posibilita “hacer ocurrir” ciertos actos.

Produtividade e Qualidade de Frutos de Melancia em Função de Alterações na Relação Fonte-Dreno

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hamurábi Anízio Lins

2013-10-01

Full Text Available As hortaliças de frutos são cultivadas em todas as regiões do Brasil, e no nordeste, em que as condições de solo e clima favorecem o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas e dos frutos, o cultivo de plantas da família das Cucurbitáceas tem se destacado proporcionando a obtenção de plantas com alta produtividade e qualidade dos frutos colhidos. A melancieira é uma planta que permite várias formas de manipulação da relação entre a fonte e o dreno. Estas alterações na fonte e no dreno exercem influência na produtividade e qualidade dos frutos na colheita. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade e qualidade de frutos de melancieira em função de alterações na relação entre fonte e o dreno. No experimento os tratamentos constaram da condução da poda da haste dominante em diferentes épocas de cultivo (25, 30, 35 e 40 dias após o transplante - DAT e do número de frutos por planta (1 e 2. O experimento foi instalado no DBC em parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. As modificações induzidas na planta de melancieira por meio de podas e raleio de frutos proporcionaram alterações na relação fonte e dreno sendo benéfica para as características de produtividade e qualidade dos frutos. A poda da haste principal aos 35 DAT elevou a massa dos frutos e produtividade independente do número de frutos na planta. Plantas conduzidas com dois frutos proporcionaram redução na massa do fruto e dos sólidos solúveis e elevação na produtividade da cultura.

In situ composite coating of titania-hydroxyapatite on titanium substrate by micro-arc oxidation coupled with electrophoretic deposition processing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bai, Yu [Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Brain Korea 21 Project, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Kyoung-A. [Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bio Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756 (Korea, Republic of); Park, Il Song, E-mail: ilsong@chonbuk.ac.kr [Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Brain Korea 21 Project, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Sook Jeong [Neural Injury Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Asan life Science Institute, University, of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736 (Korea, Republic of); Bae, Tae Sung [Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Brain Korea 21 Project, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Min Ho, E-mail: mh@jbnu.ac.kr [Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Brain Korea 21 Project, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756 (Korea, Republic of)

2011-09-15

Highlights: {center_dot} HA/TiO{sub 2} coating were prepared by a MAO and EPD technique. {center_dot} The NaOH electrolyte solution containing HA particles is employed. {center_dot} MAO and EPD treatment enhances the corrosion resistance and bioactivity of titanium. - Abstract: In situ composite coating of hydroxyapatite (HA)/TiO{sub 2} were produced on titanium (Ti) substrate by micro-arc oxidation coupled with electrophoretic deposition (MAO and EPD) technique with different concentrations of HA particles in the 0.2 M NaOH electrolyte solution. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the hybrid coating were effected by HA concentration. The amount of HA particles incorporated into coating layer increased with increasing HA concentration used in the electrolyte solution. The corrosion behavior of the coating layer in simulated body fluids (SBF) was evaluated using a potentiodynamic polarization test. The corrosion resistance of the coated sample was increased compared to the untreated Ti sample. The in vitro bioactivity assessment showed that the MAO and EPD treated Ti substrate possessed higher apatite-forming ability than the untreated Ti. Moreover, the apatite-forming ability had a positive correlation with HA concentration. In addition, the cell behavior was also examined using cell proliferation assay and alkaline phosphatase ability. The coating formed at HA concentration of 5 g/L exhibited the highest cell ability.

Efeito agudo dos extensores do joelho unilateral na cadeira extensora com e sem estímulos na plataforma vibratória

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Roberto Ferreira

2013-10-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Nos últimos anos muitos estudos foram feitos com o objetivo de avaliar a utilização da vibração mecânica como parte de treinamento para melhora do condicionamento físico. Entretanto, a maioria avaliou os efeitos dos exercícios em conjunto com o treinamento vibratório para determinar se havia melhora após o treinamento, sem avaliar os efeitos dos exercícios realizados na plataforma com e sem vibração. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito agudo do exercício nos extensores do joelho, com e sem o estímulo da plataforma vibratória. MÉTODOS: Trinta indivíduos ativos, do sexo masculino, com idades entre 18 e 45 anos, realizaram, de forma randomizada, três protocolos: grupo plataforma ligada (GPL, grupo plataforma desligada (GPD e grupo controle (GC. Cada protocolo começava com aquecimento de cinco minutos em bicicleta ergométrica, com carga entre 75 e 100 watts e 70 rotações por minuto, seguido por seis séries de 10 movimentos de agachamento unilateral com intervalo de um minuto entre elas, com ou sem vibração mecânica, e terminava com o Work Test, realizado apenas no membro inferior dominante para determinação das valências físicas: trabalho, força, potência e velocidade. O grupo controle realizou apenas o Work Test após o aquecimento. RESULTADOS: Apenas a variável velocidade apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05 quando comparado o GPL ao GC. CONCLUSÃO: O estímulo na plataforma vibratória não exerceu influência nas variáveis trabalho e potência dos extensores do joelho unilateral, mas, na velocidade do movimento, exerceu influência negativa causando fadiga.

Atrofia óptica hereditaria autosómica dominante: A propósito de una familia Dominant autosomal hereditary optical atrophy: Apropos of a family

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Noel Taboada Lugo

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Entre las causas de pérdida insidiosa, bilateral y simétrica de la visión central se deben tener siempre presente las atrofias ópticas heredo degenerativas. La atrofia óptica hereditaria autosómica dominante es la forma más frecuente de atrofia óptica heredofamiliar simple o monosintomática. Se realizó la caracterización clínica de una familia con el diagnóstico de esta discapacidad visual.Among the causes of insidious, bilateral and symmetric loss of the central vision, the hereditary and degenerative optical atrophies should always be taken into account. The dominant autosomal hereditary optical atrophy is the most frequent form of simple or monosymptomatic hereditary family optical atrophy. The clinical characterization of a family with the diagnosis of this visual impairment was made.

Physicochemical properties and in vitro cytocompatibility of modified titanium surfaces prepared via micro-arc oxidation with different calcium concentrations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu, Sui-Dan; Zhang, Hui; Dong, Xu-Dong; Ning, Cheng-Yun; Fok, Alex S.L.; Wang, Yan

2015-01-01

Highlights: • MAO coating improves the surface characteristics and cytocompatibility of titanium. • Composition of MAO coating varies with the electrolyte concentration. • MAO coating properties can be optimized by adjusting the electrolyte concentration. • Higher CA concentration contributes to more favorable MAO coating cytocompatibility. - Abstract: Objective: To explore the effect of calcium concentration in the electrolyte solution on the physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of coatings formed by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) on titanium surfaces. Methods: The surfaces of pure titanium plates were modified by MAO in an electrolytic solution containing calcium acetate (CA; C 4 H 6 CaO 4 ) at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 M and β-glycerophosphate disodium salt pentahydrate (β-GP; C 3 H 7 Na 2 O 6 P·5H 2 O) at a fixed concentration of 0.02 M. Surface topography, elemental characteristics, phase composition, and roughness were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, and a surface roughness tester, respectively. To assess the cytocompatibility and osteoinductivity of the surfaces, MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were cultured on the surfaces in vitro, and cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation were observed. Results: The porous MAO coating was composed primarily of TiO 2 rutile and anatase. The amount of TiO 2 rutile, the Ca/P ratio, and the surface roughness of the MAO coating increased with increasing CA concentration in the electrolyte solution. Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , CaCO 3 , and CaTiO 3 were formed on MAO-treated surfaces prepared with CA concentrations of 0.2 and 0.3 M. Cell proliferation and differentiation increased with increasing CA concentration, with MC3T3-E1 cells exhibiting favorable morphologies for bone–implant integration. Conclusions: MAO coating improves the surface characteristics and cytocompatibility of titanium for osseointegration. Higher CA

Tentativa de infanticídio por um macho dominante de Alouatta caraya (Humboldt (Primates, Atelidae em um infante extra-grupo devido a influência do observador Infanticide attempt by a dominant male of Alouatta caraya (Humboldt (Primates, Atelidae against an extra-group infant due to the influence of the observer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucas M. Aguiar

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho relata um caso de tentativa de infanticídio por um macho residente e dominante de um grupo de Alouatta caraya (Humboldt, 1812 em um infante extra-grupo, em ilha do rio Paraná, Paraná, Brasil. O encontro do par fêmea-infante com o macho residente foi propiciado pela interferência humana. Devido às circunstâncias em que ocorreu o fato e a posição hierárquica do agressor, a hipótese de patologia social pareceu plausível na explicação do comportamento.This work reports on an infanticide attempt by a dominant resident male in a group of Alouatta caraya (Humboldt, 1812 on an extra-group infant in an Island in the Paraná river, Paraná, Brazil. The encounter of an infant-female pair with a resident male was brought about by human interference. Give the circumstances in which the event ocurred and the hierarchical position of the agressor, the social pathology hypothesis seems the most plausible explanation for such behavior.

A Construção do mito de Tiradentes: de mártir republicano a herói cívico na atualidade

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Roberto Ballarotti

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho objetiva analisar, dentro da historiografia,a construção republicana do mitode Tiradentes, a partir da memória popular,para justificar e consolidar o poder vigente.Desta forma, efetuamos uma pesquisa bibliográficasobre o assunto, verificando a profundidadeda atuação do poder dominante nacriação do herói, suas várias faces construídasem diferentes contextos e épocas históricas,além do papel do historiador dentro desteprocesso. Conferimos, também, como acontecea sobrevivência do mito de mártir e sacrificadode Tiradentes na contemporaneidade, atravésdo livro didático em nossas instituições deensino, nos discursos políticos e conforme osmeios de comunicação.

Efeito do genótipo halotano e de diferentes sistemas de produção no desempenho produtivo e na qualidade da carcaça suína

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bridi Ana Maria

2003-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito dos genótipos halotano homozigoto dominante e heterozigoto e de três sistemas de criação (confinado sobre piso de cimento, confinado sobre cama de maravalha e ao ar livre no desempenho produtivo e na qualidade da carcaça e da carne suína. Foram utilizados 96 suínos machos castrados selecionados pelo exame de DNA genômico no sangue utilizando-se a técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR para amplificar a região do receptor rianodina. A região amplificada foi clivada pela técnica do polimorfismo do comprimento dos fragmentos de restrição (RFLP. Nas fases de crescimento e terminação, avaliaram-se ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar. Após o abate, as carcaças foram pesadas e tipificadas eletronicamente. Vinte e quatro horas após o abate, foram separados e pesados o pernil e o carrê e medida a área de olho de lombo. A presença do gene halotano não afetou o desempenho dos suínos, mas aumentou a porcentagem de carne magra e diminuiu a quantidade de gordura na carcaça. Suínos criados no sistema intensivo ao ar livre apresentaram menor ganho de peso e pior conversão alimentar. No sistema intensivo de criação confinado sobre cama, os suínos produziram carcaças com menor quantidade de carne magra e maior quantidade de gordura. Não houve efeito significativo da interação genótipo halotano e sistema de criação para as características avaliadas.

Como discursos dominantes nos espaços da educação atravessam práticas docentes?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Clarice Salete Traversini

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Las prácticas docentes son atravesadas por los discursos dominantes en circulación en los espacios de la educación en la contemporaneidad. El artículo tiene como objetivo evidenciar los discursos pedagógicos predominantes entre los profesores cuando se trata de metodologías de enseñanza. Para el estudio, seleccionamos las nociones de discurso pedagógico (Díaz, 1998, discutido a partir de la comprensión de discurso de Michel Foucault. Para obtención de las informaciones, utilizamos cuestionarios contestados por 120 profesores de escuelas públicas y privadas de Santa Catarina y de Rio Grande do Sul, en la región Sur de Brasil. Las informaciones obtenidas muestran que la interdicción de las metodologías centradas en la enseñanza y el predominio de una pedagogía del aprendiente constituyen el discurso pedagógico predominante en la actualidad. Sommer (2005 y Silveira (2005 ya señalaban dicho predominio al estudiar los discursos sobre alfabetización. Sin embargo, no es solo en lo que tange a la alfabetización que tales discursos se fortalecen; también se encuentran en los dichos de los profesores, tales como los de Educación Física y Letras, que actúan en los años iniciales y finales de la Enseñanza Fundamental y Mediana.

Effect of SiC particles on microarc oxidation process of magnesium matrix composites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Y.Q.; Wang, X.J.; Gong, W.X.; Wu, K.; Wang, F.H.

2013-01-01

SiC particles are an important reinforced phase in metal matrix composites. Their effect on the microarc oxidation (MAO, also named plasma electrolytic oxidation-PEO) process of SiC p /AZ91 Mg matrix composites (MMCs) was studied and the mechanism was revealed. The corrosion resistance of MAO coating was also investigated. Voltage–time curves during MAO were recorded to study the barrier film status on the composites. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the existing state of SiC particles in MAO. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to analyze the chemical composition of the coating. Corrosion resistance of the bare and coated composites was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization curves in 3.5% NaCl solution. Results showed that the integrality and electrical insulation properties of the barrier film on the composites were destroyed by the SiC particles. Consequently, the sparking discharge at the early stage of MAO was inhibited, and the growth efficiency of the MAO coating decreased with the increase in the volume fraction of SiC particles. SiC particles did not exist stably during MAO; they were oxidized or partially oxidized into SiO 2 before the overall sparking discharge. The transformation from semi-conductive SiC to insulating SiO 2 by oxidation restrained the current leakage at the original SiC positions and then promoted sparking discharge and coating growth. The corrosion current density of SiC p /AZ91 MMCs was reduced by two orders of magnitude after MAO treatment. However, the corrosion resistances of the coated composites were lower than that of the coated alloy.

Mercado de trabalho e pobreza: discurso e evidências na trajetória brasileira recente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ângela Borges

Full Text Available O artigo discute a redefinição da origem da pobreza e a forma de administrá-la a partir da virada dos anos 80 para os anos 90 do século XX, tomando como exemplo o caso brasileiro. Resgata as abordagens dominantes que enfatizavam as causas estruturais da pobreza a partir da dinâmica do mercado de trabalho até a crise do fordismo e centra-se na nova matriz discursiva sobre a pobreza dos anos 90, que encontra no Banco Mundial a sua formulação mais paradigmática. Nessa visão, o centro do debate sobre a origem da pobreza e sobre as estratégias para o seu enfrentamento é deslocado para os indivíduos e seus déficit, retirando de cena questões estruturais relativas à relação capital x trabalho e, em especial, ao mercado de trabalho e enfatizando a descrição da situação dos pobres e a mensuração da pobreza, essenciais para a formulação de políticas focalizadas na administração da pobreza. Sustenta sua crítica a partir da análise de informações comparativas relativas ao funcionamento do mercado de trabalho nos anos do desenvolvimentismo e no período mais recente.

A burguesia rondonense em aÃÃo: a formaÃÃo e atuaÃÃo da Guarda Mirim (1966-1979)

OpenAIRE

Marcos Alexandre Smaniotto

2008-01-01

O trabalho ora desenvolvido tem como proposta estudar as primeiras manifestaÃÃes da(s) classe(s) dominante(s) em Marechal CÃndido Rondon, e, principalmente, a formaÃÃo e atuaÃÃo do Centro de IntegraÃÃo ComunitÃrio 12 de Outubro (Guarda Mirim) no municÃpio. Pretende-se com isso desvendar algumas das principais formas de dominaÃÃo burguesa no municÃpio, demonstrando como as diferentes fraÃÃes da burguesia rondonense se articulavam na defesa de seus objetivos, atravÃs de "aparelhos privados de h...

Critical period for weed control in potatoes in the Huambo Province (Angola Período crítico do controle de infestantes na cultura da batateira na Província do Huambo (Angola

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Monteiro

2011-06-01

de seis períodos de convivência, nos quais a cultura foi mantida na presença das infestantes e após cada período estas foram eliminadas até à colheita. Os períodos de controle e convivência para determinar o início do período crítico foram 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 dias após emergência da cultura (DAE, e até colheita, além de uma testemunha sempre limpa e outra sempre com a presença de infestantes. A produção total de batata variou entre cerca de 22 t ha-1 na testemunha livre de infestantes e 3 t ha-1 na testemunha sempre com infestantes uma perda na produção de 86%. Foram identificadas 15 famílias e 51 taxa. As famílias dominantes foram Asteraceae (30%, Fabaceae (18%, Poaceae (12% e Solanaceae (6%. As principais espécies Galinsoga parviflora, Cyperus esculentus, Bidens biternata, Amaranthus hybridus, Nicandra physalodes, Portulaca oleracea e Datura stramonium diferiam na sua abundância de local para local. A espécie G. parviflora era dominante nos três locais de estudo 73, 97 e 72 plantas m-2 50 DAE no Bailundo, Chianga e Calenga, respectivamente, na estação seca; enquanto C. esculentus esteve sempre presente na Chianga e na Calenga, com uma densidade média de ca 30 plantas m-2 na estação seca. As equações do modelo exponencial foram ajustadas aos dados de biomassa seca de infestantes enquanto que as equações de Gompertz e a logística foram ajustadas aos dados de produção de batata obtidas nos períodos crescentes de controle e períodos de convivência estudados, respectivamente. Os períodos críticos, para uma perda na produção de 5%, foram de 26 a 66 e de 20 a 61 DAE para a estação das chuvas e da seca, respectivamente. Em síntese, em Angola (Plantalto Central o início e o fim do período crítico variaram com a época de cultura da batata. O período de prevenção da interferência foi de 40 e 41 dias para a época das chuvas e da seca (regadio, respectivamente.

Physicochemical properties and in vitro cytocompatibility of modified titanium surfaces prepared via micro-arc oxidation with different calcium concentrations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wu, Sui-Dan; Zhang, Hui [Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055 (China); Dong, Xu-Dong [Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 (Canada); Ning, Cheng-Yun [College of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641 (China); Fok, Alex S.L. [Minnesota Dental Research Center of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414 (United States); Wang, Yan, E-mail: wyan65@163.com [Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055 (China)

2015-02-28

Highlights: • MAO coating improves the surface characteristics and cytocompatibility of titanium. • Composition of MAO coating varies with the electrolyte concentration. • MAO coating properties can be optimized by adjusting the electrolyte concentration. • Higher CA concentration contributes to more favorable MAO coating cytocompatibility. - Abstract: Objective: To explore the effect of calcium concentration in the electrolyte solution on the physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of coatings formed by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) on titanium surfaces. Methods: The surfaces of pure titanium plates were modified by MAO in an electrolytic solution containing calcium acetate (CA; C{sub 4}H{sub 6}CaO{sub 4}) at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 M and β-glycerophosphate disodium salt pentahydrate (β-GP; C{sub 3}H{sub 7}Na{sub 2}O{sub 6}P·5H{sub 2}O) at a fixed concentration of 0.02 M. Surface topography, elemental characteristics, phase composition, and roughness were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, and a surface roughness tester, respectively. To assess the cytocompatibility and osteoinductivity of the surfaces, MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were cultured on the surfaces in vitro, and cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation were observed. Results: The porous MAO coating was composed primarily of TiO{sub 2} rutile and anatase. The amount of TiO{sub 2} rutile, the Ca/P ratio, and the surface roughness of the MAO coating increased with increasing CA concentration in the electrolyte solution. Ca{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2}, CaCO{sub 3}, and CaTiO{sub 3} were formed on MAO-treated surfaces prepared with CA concentrations of 0.2 and 0.3 M. Cell proliferation and differentiation increased with increasing CA concentration, with MC3T3-E1 cells exhibiting favorable morphologies for bone–implant integration. Conclusions: MAO coating improves the surface characteristics and

Análise faunística de gafanhotos na Floresta Nacional de Chapecó, Santa Catarina Faunistic analyses of grasshoppers in the National Forest of Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cladis Juliana Lutinski

2011-03-01

Full Text Available

Realizou-se a análise faunística de gafanhotos coletados em três constituições vegetais da Flona de Chapecó. Coletas semanais foram realizadas em áreas de eucalipto, mata nativa e pinus durante o período de dezembro de 2003 a dezembro de 2004. Utilizaram-se armadilhas do tipo “pitfall”, rede de varredura, guarda-chuva entomológico e “malaise”. A fauna encontrada nas diferentes áreas foi caracterizada por meio dos índices de abundância, constância, dominância e frequência. Dezoito espécies foram comuns para as três áreas. As espécies Staurorhectus logicornis logicornis, Cylindrotettix sp. e Ommexecha virens ocorreram apenas em eucaliptos e pínus, enquanto, Scotussa lemniscata e Zoniopoda tarsata ocorreram para eucaliptos e mata nativa enquanto Amblytropidia sp. ocorreu somente em mata nativa e pínus. Tridactylus politus ocorreu somente em pínus. As espécies Allotruxalis gracilis, Dichroplus elongatus, Dichroplus misionensis e Ronderosia bergi foram muito frequentes, dominantes e muito abundantes na área de eucaliptos. A. gracilis, Metaleptea adspersa e D. misionensis foram muito frequentes, dominantes e muito abundantes na área de mata nativa. Metaleptea adspersa e R. bergi foram muito frequentes, dominantes e muito abundantes na área de pínus. Observou-se uma semelhança na diversidade de espécies entre as áreas, com maior abundância para a área de eucaliptos.

doi: 10.4336/2011.pfb.31.65.43

A study of the grasshopper fauna was performed through samples collected in three vegetal types in the National Forest of Chapecó. Weekly collections were carried out from December 2003 to December 2004. Pitfall traps, sweep nets, entomological umbrellas and malaise traps were used. Collections were repeated in areas with eucalyptus trees, native

Síndromes del hemisferio no dominante Syndrome of cerebral non-dominant hemisphere

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Newra Rotta

2007-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo de revisión se discute lo que entendemos de las funciones hemisféricas y se abordan los principales hallazgos que forman parte del síndrome del hemisferio cerebral no dominante, que en la mayor parte de los casos es el derecho, con énfasis en las alteraciones de la sustancia blanca o sea de las fibras comisurales, de asociación y de proyección. Los diferentes aspectos de los síndromes tienen relación con la etiología, localización, extensión y etapa del desarrollo en que el daño ocurrió. Se observan: hemiplejía izquierda; alteración de la prosodia, así como alteraciones en la comunicación no verbal; percepción visuo-espacial; organización, secuenciación de actividades e interacción social. Estos comportamientos se observan también en trastornos del desarrollo, tales como disturbio de déficit de atención/hiperactividad, y síndrome de Asperger. Con el objetivo de destacar cuáles son los hallazgos más frecuentes y más persistentes en niños con lesión adquirida en el hemisferio derecho, presentamos siete casos de accidente vascular isquémico. Todos los pacientes fueron controlados por más de dos años y se les realizó examen neurológico, examen neurológico evolutivo y evaluación psicológica. Con el seguimiento de los siete casos fue posible observar que las alteraciones motoras son menos severas y menos definitivas que las alteraciones cognitivas, afectivas y conductuales.In this review the meaning of cerebral hemispheric function is discussed with special emphasis in non-dominant cerebral hemisphere and particularly in the lesion of commissural, association, projection of white matter fibers. Clinical characteristics depend on etiology, localization, extension and particularly the period of brain development. The following are common findings in these patients: left hemiplegia, abnormal prosody and non verbal communication, anomalies visiospatial perception, organization, and social interaction

REFLETINDO SOBRE AS ESPECIFICIDADES DA GEOGRAFIA NA CRISE DA MODERNIDADE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrício A. S. Carneiro Carneiro

2010-08-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo discute a evolução da ciência moderna, bem como a crise desse paradigma dominante e seus efeitos sobre a geografia. Destaca ainda a necessidade da construção de um novo pensamento científico para além das fronteiras disciplinares e do método absoluto.

Characterization of the Micro-Arc Coatings Containing β-Tricalcium Phosphate Particles on Mg-0.8Ca Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mariya B. Sedelnikova

2018-04-01

Full Text Available The characterization of the microstructure, morphology, topography, composition, and physical and chemical properties of the coatings containing β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP particles deposited by the micro-arc oxidation (MAO method on biodegradable Mg-0.8Ca alloy has been performed. The electrolyte for the MAO process included the following components: Na2HPO4·12H2O, NaOH, NaF, and β-Ca3(PO42 (β-TCP. The coating morphology, microstructure, and compositions have been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, and X-ray diffraction (XRD. With increasing of the MAO voltage from 350 to 500 V, the coating thickness and surface average roughness of the coatings increased linearly from 6 to 150 µm and from 2 to 8 µm, respectively. The coating deposited at 350 V had more homogeneous porous morphology with numerous pores similar by sizes (2–3 µm than the coatings formed at 450–500 V. The β-TCP isometric particles were included in the coating surface. The XRD recognized the amorphous-crystalline structure in the coatings with incorporation of the following phases: β-TCP, α-TCP, MgO (periclase and hydroxyapatite (HA. The corrosion experiments showed that the biodegradation rate of the Mg-0.8Ca alloy coated by calcium phosphates is almost 10 times less than that of uncoated alloy.

A proteomics study reveals a predominant change in MaoB expression in platelets of healthy volunteers after high protein meat diet

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zellner, Maria; Babeluk, Rita; Jakobsen, Lene Holm

2011-01-01

Studies investigating the impact of high meat intake on cognition have yielded contradictory results as some show improved cognitive performance, whereas others report an increase of risk factors for dementia. However, few studies were designed to directly assess the effect of a high protein (HP...... reproducibly studied platelet proteins only the level of monoamine oxidase B (MaoB), a neurotransmitter degrading enzyme, decreased by 26% significantly (adjusted P value diet. In addition, we found a correlation (r = 0.477; P ...) diet on both cognitive performance and corresponding biochemical parameters. A randomised intervention study was conducted with 23 healthy males (aged 19-31 years) to investigate the effects of a usual (UP) versus a HP diet on cognitive function and on the platelet proteome a well-established model...

Antibacterial Activities of Green Basil (Ocimum Violaceum Essential Oil and Derivatives By MAOS (Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis Against Staphyllococus Aureus and Escherichia Coli

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dwiarso Rubiyanto

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Green basil (Ocimum violaceum , Linn. plantis part of the varieties of basil (Ocimum basilicum, Linn.. Green basil essential oil (GBEO contain chemical compounds that have an anti- bacterial activities . Methyl eugenol and methyl chavikol are in green basil oil has the potential to be used as a material which is biologically active. Conversion reaction of the compounds in GBEO with MAOS methods (microwave assisted organic synthesis aims to obtain properties of the main chemical component in a wider sweet basil oil, and are also useful in an attempt to gain more valuable compounds for commercial and higher. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions on the conversion reaction of compounds in GBEO with MAOS method with ethylene glycol as a solvent is 10 % KF/Al2O3as catalyst and reaction time 3 minutes , while the solvent is glycerol 10 % KF/Al2O3as catalyst and reaction time 2 minutes . Comparison of anti-bacterial activity resulting from this research are : the inhibitory activity to the growth of S. aureus bacteria have the following order : GBEO > green basilEG10-3 > green basil G10-2> amoxicillin with each inhibition zone diameter amounted to 30.7 mm, 21.1 mm, 18.2 mm and 13.4 mm. While the inhibitory activity to the growth of E.coli bacteria are : GBEO> green basil G10-2 >green basil EG10-3 > amoxicillin with each inhibition zone diameter of 21.1 mm, 15.6 mm , 15.2 mm and 7.9 mm . GBEO and its derivatives have minimal inhibitory concentrations below 1.25 %. From the results of the study found that the main derivates obtained are p-methoxy anisaldehyde , caryophyllene oxide , 3-methoxy cinnamaldehyde , humulena oxide and delta cadinol

A (pósmodernidade e suas implicações na governança das empresas a partir das perspectivas genealógicas de Nietzsche e Foucault

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sílvio Parodi Oliveira Camilo

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Este ensaio teórico discute perspectivas epistemológicas alusivas ao modernismo e pós-modernismo e suas implicações na análise organizacional, apresentando algumas idéias precursoras de Nietzsche e Foucault que embasaram desconstruções da racionalidade teórica a partir da constatação de relações de força entre saber e poder que resultam na produção de verdades. Partimos da premissa de que ambos os autores não apenas propuseram certa desestabilização do pensamento dominante da modernidade, como também mostraram como foi possível o desenvolvimento de certa racionalidade amparada na fundação da verdade. Nietzsche é apontado como a principal referência dessa perspectiva genealógica, tendo Foucault, Deleuze, Guattari dentre outros, como autores que deram continuidade a sua perspectiva. Sendo assim, esse trabalho tem o objetivo de retomar a análise da subjetividade organizacional, aproximando os debates epistemológicos ao campo das organizações, discutindo as influências pós-modernas no ambiente organizacional, sob a ótica da governança das corporações. Assim, o estudo inicialmente apresenta as ideias da modernidade, desenvolvendo, a partir de Nietzsche e Foucault, uma ruptura de paradigma que aborda a pós-modernidade nos estudos organizacionais, tratando da globalização no contexto organizacional e, finalmente, analisando as implicações dessas perspectivas na governança das empresas.

É POSSÍVEL ESCAPAR DO COLONIALISMO EM RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL NO BRASIL? UMA PROPOSTA PLURALISTA, PRAXEOLÓGICA E ESTRUTURACIONISTA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernanda Filgueiras Sauerbronn

2011-01-01

Full Text Available O presente ensaio teórico tem o objetivo de propor uma perspectiva pluralista, praxeológica e estruturacionista para o estudo das estratégias de RSE no Brasil. O argumento apresentado está fundamentado na possibilidade de produzir conhecimento a partir de uma posição que esteja à margem do modelo dominante desenvolvido no âmbito da literatura norte-americana de RSE, fortemente influenciada nas últimas décadas pelas escolas prescritivas da área de estratégia. Visando o desenvolvimento dessa argumentação, o artigo está estruturado em cinco seções. A primeira seção introduz a argumentação central e propõe convoca os leitores à reflexão quanto à produção de conhecimento no Brasil que fuja do viés norte-americano. A segunda seção apresenta uma revisão da perspectiva dominante em RSE, suas origens e desdobramentos. A terceira seção discute a influência da área de estratégia, e da teoria dos stakeholders, na consolidação da determinação estrutural da ação como perspectiva dominante em RSE, em detrimento de abordagens que reconheçam a agência dos praticantes. A quarta seção propõe uma perspectiva pluralista, praxeológica e estruturacionista visando apontar caminhos para o estudo da agência dos praticantes das estratégias de RSE. A quinta seção traz algumas considerações e proposições finais no sentido de possibilitar a geração de conhecimento que escape do colonialismo ontológico e epistemológico, ao envolver praticantes e pesquisadores que historicamente consomem e reproduzem os modelos norte-americanos dominantes.

Uva mecânica

OpenAIRE

Da Costa Neto, Wilson; Barreiro Elorza, Pilar

2015-01-01

A colheita da uva no Brasil ainda e feita de forma manual na maioria dos parrirais. Mas neste cenerio ja e possivel ver maquinas realizando a tarefa antes feita pelas maos dos trabalhadores, operacao que em outros paises ja possui uma taxa de mecanizacao maior

Espessura do músculo adutor do polegar: um método rápido e confiável na avaliação nutricional de pacientes cirúrgicos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosalia Bragagnolo

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar se a medida da espessura do músculo adutor do polegar é confiável para avaliação nutricional de pacientes cirúrgicos e se correlaciona bem com outros parâmetros antropométricos, bioquímicos e clínicos. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal, com avaliação de 87 pacientes candidatos à procedimento cirúrgico de grande porte no trato gastrointestinal. Eles foram submetidos à avaliação nutricional através da avaliação subjetiva global, antropometria (circunferência do braço, prega cutânea triciptal, e circunferência muscular do braço, albumina sérica, linfocitometria e pela medida da espessura do músculo adutor do polegar em ambas as mãos. RESULTADOS: A média da espessura da mão dominante (direita foi de 12,64 ± 3,19 mm e da mão não dominante 12,23 ± 2,9 mm. Para desnutrição, a sensibilidade da espessura do músculo adutor do polegar direita foi de 72,37% e da esquerda de 77,33% para os pontos de cortes encontrados com a curva Receiver Operating Characteristic (13,4 e 13,1 mm respectivamente. Para ambas as mãos a especificidade foi de 100%. Encontrou-se correlação significativa (p<0,01 da espessura do músculo adutor do polegar com todas as outras técnicas antropométricas de avaliação nutricional. Os seus valores médios nos pacientes eutróficos segundo a avaliação subjetiva global foram significativamente maiores (P<0.001 que dos desnutridos leves, e estes também maiores (P<0,05 que os desnutridos graves (avaliação subjetiva global-C. CONCLUSÃO: a espessura do músculo adutor do polegar é um método de fácil execução, baixo custo, confiável e transmite segurança na avaliação do estado nutricional, podendo ser usado na prática clínica em pacientes cirúrgicos.

Indivíduo e pessoa na experiência da saúde e da doença

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz Fernando Dias Duarte

Full Text Available Revisão de uma linha de pesquisa no campo das ciências sociais em saúde no Brasil que se centra na hipótese metodológica de uma diferença cultural fundamental entre os modelos relacionais de "pessoa" e o modelo do "indivíduo" ocidental moderno (pensado como livre, autônomo e igual. Essa diferença cultural é de particular importância na caracterização das formas diferenciais de experiência da saúde e da doença entre as classes populares das sociedades nacionais modernas e os segmentos portadores dos saberes biomédicos eruditos, dominantes e oficiais. Estes últimos têm um compromisso originário com algumas características da ideologia do individualismo, tais como o universalismo/racionalismo e o cientificismo/fisicalismo. As representações, práticas e instituições dela dependentes ocupam um espaço de oposição à forma integrada, relacional, holista, como são pensadas e experimentadas as "doenças" (ou, como prefiro, as "perturbações físico-morais" mesmo nos segmentos "individualizados", quanto mais nos segmentos regidos por representações hierárquicas, relacionais, de "pessoa". Apresentam-se os fundamentos antropológicos dessa perspectiva analítica e as diferentes dimensões da produção acadêmica a ela associada, em comparação com as de outras tendências do campo.

[Remain true to our original aspiration for farewell to the God of Plague, compose the new chapter for the national schistosomiasis control programme scientifically-Commemoration of 60th anniversary of publishing Chairman Mao Zedong's two poems "Farewell to the God of Plague"].

Science.gov (United States)

Xiao-Nong, Zhou; Shi-Zhu, Li; Qing-Biao, Hong; Kun, Yang; Shan, Lü; Jing, Xu

2018-02-26

This paper reviews the huge promotion of Chairman Mao Zedong's two poems entitled "Farewell to the God of Plague" which were published 60 years ago, and the great achievements of the national schistosomiasis control programme in China. The publication of the two poems promotes the establishment of the mechanism for the national schistosomiasis control programme in China, and in addition, the schistosomiasis control spirit of the people from Yujiang County is still the source of power for the promotion of transferring the schistosomiasis control to elimination stage in China. Now, that we commemorate the 60th anniversary of publishing Chairman Mao Zedong's two poems entitled "Farewell to the God of Plague" means we remain the true to our original aspiration to serve the people forever, which is also to promote the progress of schistosomiasis elimination in China according to the law, the scientific principle, and local conditions, so as to contribute our efforts for realizing the healthy China's dream.

Govori so mnoju na jazõke teatra / Boris Tuch

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tuch, Boris, 1946-

1999-01-01

Tõnu Oja näitlejatööd: Jaanus Rohumaa lavastuses "Ristumine peateega" Jaan Tätte näidendi järgi Tallinna Linnateatris ja Jaan Toominga lavastuses "Victor ehk laste võim" Roger Vitraci näidendi järgi Vanalinnastuudios, Priit Pedajase lavastus "Mao tee kalju peal" Torgny Lindgreni näidendi järgi Eesti Draamateatris, Lembit Petesoni lavastus "Pelleas ja Melisande" Maurice Maeterlincki näidendi järgi Theatrumis

Microarc oxidation discharge types and bio properties of the coating synthesized on zirconium.

Science.gov (United States)

Cengiz, Sezgin; Azakli, Yunus; Tarakci, Mehmet; Stanciu, Lia; Gencer, Yucel

2017-08-01

This study is an attempt for gaining a better understanding on relationship between microarc oxidation (MAO) coating discharge types and bioactivity of an oxide-based coating synthesized on a Zr substrate. The discharge types and the coating growth mechanism were identified by the examination of the real cross-section image of the coating microstructure. The coating was conducted by using MAO in an electrolyte containing Na 2 SiO 3 , Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 and C 3 H 7 Na 2 O 6 P, for different durations of 2.5, 5, 15, and 30mins. The effect of the process duration on the different discharge model types (Type-A, B, and C) and bioactivity of the coatings were investigated by using X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements (SEM-EDS) and Optical Surface Profilometry (OSP). It was found that the increasing MAO duration resulted in thicker and rougher coatings. The XRD data revealed that all the samples prepared at different process durations contained the t-ZrO 2 (tetragonal zirconia) phase. During the MAO process, non-crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) formed, which was confirmed from the FTIR data. The surface morphology, the amount and distribution of the features of the coating surface were modified by increasing voltage. The simulated body fluid (SBF) tests showed that the more bioactive surface with more HA crystals formed owing to chemical composition and high surface roughness of the coating. The pore, crack and discharge structures played a key role in apatite nucleation and growth, and provided ingrowth of apatite into discharge channels on the coating surface. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Homopolymerization of Ethylene, 1-Hexene, Styrene and Copolymerization of Styrene With 1,3-Cyclohexadiene Using (h5-Tetramethylcyclopentadienyldimethylsilyl(N-Ar’amido-TiCl2/MAO (Ar’=6-(2-(Diethylborylphenylpyrid-2-yl, Biphen-3-yl

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michael R. Buchmeiser

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The propensity of a half-sandwich (η5-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl dimethylsilylamido TiIV-based catalyst bearing an auxiliary diethylboryl-protected pyridyl moiety (Ti-8, activated by methylaluminoxane (MAO to homopolymerize α-olefins such as ethylene, 1-hexene and styrene as well as to copolymerize styrene with 1,3-cyclo-hexadiene is described. The reactivity of Ti-8 was investigated in comparison to a 6-(2-(diethylborylphenylpyrid-2-yl-free analogue (Ti-3.

Feminine and non-feminist: the mediatic construction of backlash, consumption and post-feminisms

OpenAIRE

Mello Souza, Juliana

2017-01-01

A significativa intervenção dos feminismos na identificação e na desconstrução das práticas sociais ainda dominantes, logo, na emersão de novas perspetivas de mudança, sempre foram obscurecidos e negligenciados, se não mesmo tornados ausentes, no debate com o grande público. Dado o impacto da nova linguagem mediática em torno dos feminismos parece- nos importante o exercício de passar em revista como os constructos neoliberais dos feminismos, sobretudo apropriados pelos veículos de comunicaçã...

Do "beija e deixa" ao "membro virtual": os vários usos do sagrado na Feira do Jubileu de Congonhas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mariana Mayumi Pereira de Souza

2014-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo neste artigo é apresentar uma investigação das inter-relações entre as práticas religiosas, econômicas e políticas cunhadas pela Igreja Católica na ocasião da Festa do Jubileu do Bom Jesus, na cidade mineira de Congonhas do Campo. Pretende-se compreender melhor como ocorrem manipulações simbólicas entre o sagrado e o profano no interior das organizações. Assim, a partir de um estudo no contexto da Igreja Católica, visou-se trazer novos insights ao campo dos estudos organizacionais que tratam da esfera simbólica de forma geral. Optou-se por um estudo de caso qualitativo, de cunho exploratório-descritivo usando entrevistas e observações registradas em diário de campo. As entrevistas foram feitas com moradores da cidade, comerciantes e com o padre responsável pela paróquia. Para interpretação dos dados, utilizou-se a análise do discurso, situando o discurso como manifestação objetiva de um arcabouço histórico e ideológico. Nos resultados, aponta-se para uma dualidade entre sagrado e profano, emergindo a flexibilização de concepções religiosas dominantes para absorver práticas econômicas que financiem o capital religioso da referida igreja.

Padrões de circulação em superfície e altitude associados a eventos de chuva intensa na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Roberto Weide Moura

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho foi feita uma classificação sinótica de sequência de campos de pressão ao nível médio do mar (PNMM e de altura geopotencial em 500 hPa, associado à ocorrência de precipitação intensa na cidade do Rio de Janeiro - RJ. Para obter os Padrões de Sequência Principal (PSP da PNMM foi utilizada a metodologia de Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP rotacionadas. Os resultados mostram três tipos de padrões sinóticos que causaram eventos extremos de chuva na cidade do Rio de Janeiro durante o período de 1997-2010, que representam aproximadamente 56% da variância total dos casos. O padrão dominante mostra a passagem de frentes frias com trajetória predominantemente zonal. Já o segundo padrão está relacionado ao ingresso de frentes frias clássicas, acompanhadas de intensos anticiclones pós-frontais. Por último, observa-se um padrão relacionado ao posicionamento de um anticiclone à leste do Rio Grande do Sul, que gera ventos de quadrante sul no Rio de Janeiro.

Efeitos de intervenção educativa na adesão às recomendações técnicas de aspiração traqueobrônquica em pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erimara Dall'Agnol de Lima

2013-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a efetividade de uma intervenção educacional na adesão dos profissionais da saúde às recomendações técnicas de aspiração traqueobrônquica em pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva. MÉTODOS: Estudo quasi-experimental, com avaliação da adesão dos profissionais da unidade de terapia intensiva às recomendações da técnica de aspiração traqueobrônquica, em pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva, antes e após uma intervenção educacional teórico-prática. As comparações foram feitas com teste do qui-quadrado e foi utilizado o nível de significância de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Foram observados 124 procedimentos, pré e pós-intervenção. Verificou-se aumento da adesão em: utilização de equipamento para proteção individual (p=0,01, cuidado com a abertura da embalagem do cateter (p<0,001, uso de luva estéril na mão dominante para retirada do cateter (p=0,003, contato da luva estéril apenas com o cateter (p<0,001, realização de movimentos circulares durante a retirada do cateter (p<0,001, cateter envolto na luva estéril no final do procedimento (p=0,003, utilização de água destilada, aberta no início do procedimento, para lavagem do látex de conexão (p=0,002, descarte do restante do conteúdo de água destilada ao final do procedimento (p<0,001 e realização do conjunto dos procedimentos da técnica de aspiração (p<0,001. CONCLUSÃO: Houve baixa adesão dos profissionais de saúde às medidas preventivas de infecção hospitalar, indicando a necessidade de implantação de estratégias educativas. A intervenção educativa utilizada mostrou-se efetiva para melhorar a adesão às recomendações da técnica de aspiração traqueobrônquica.

Neuropatia Periférica Familiar por Susceptibilidade ao Entrapment (Neuropatia Tomaculosa)

OpenAIRE

Pinto Viana, J; Coimbra, J; Goulart, Z; Bigotte de Almeida, L; Cabral Beirão, J

1991-01-01

Os autores apresentam um caso de neuropatia periférica familiar por susceptibilidade ao entrapment e comparam-no com os descritos na literatura. As principais características desta neuropatia são: hereditariedade autossómica dominante, mononeuropatias recorrentes de localização variável (cubital, mediano, ciático poplíteo, externo, plexo braquial) e aspectos morfológicos característicos na biópsia do nervo. O nervo sensitivo revela alterações predominantes desmielinizantes, com espessamentos ...

The modulatory action of harmane on serotonergic neurotransmission in rat brain.

Science.gov (United States)

Abu Ghazaleh, Haya; Lalies, Maggie D; Nutt, David J; Hudson, Alan L

2015-02-09

The naturally occurring β-carboline, harmane, has been implicated in various physiological and psychological conditions. Some of these effects are attributed to its interaction with monoaminergic systems. Previous literature indicates that certain β-carbolines including harmane modulate central monoamine levels partly through monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition. However, this is not always the case and thus additional mechanisms may be involved. This study set to assess the potential modulatory role of harmane on the basal or K(+) stimulated release of preloaded radiolabelled noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in rat brain cortex in vitro in the presence of the MAO inhibitor pargyline. Harmane displayed an overt elevation in K(+) -evoked [(3)H]5-HT release; whilst little and no effect was reported with [(3)H]DA and [(3)H]NA respectively. The effect of harmane on [(3)H]5-HT efflux was partially compensated in K(+)-free medium. Further analyses demonstrated that removal of Ca(2+) ions and addition of 1.2mM EGTA did not alter the action of harmane on [(3)H]5-HT release from rat brain cortex. The precise mechanism of action however remains unclear but is unlikely to reflect an involvement of MAO inhibition. The current finding aids our understanding on the modulatory action of harmane on monoamine levels and could potentially be of therapeutic use in psychiatric conditions such as depression and anxiety. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Development of novel (1-H benzimidazole bearing pyrimidine-trione based MAO-A inhibitors: Synthesis, docking studies and antidepressant activity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bijo Mathew

2016-09-01

Full Text Available The synthesis of some novel (1-H benzimidazole bearing pyrimidine-trione based MAO-A inhibitors were achieved by the reaction between 2E-1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ones(4a–f and barbituric acid in the presence of a catalytic amount of acetic acid medium. All the final structures were assigned on the basis of IR, 1HNMR and mass spectra analyses. All the synthesized derivatives showed good antidepressant activity when compared to the standard clomipiramine at a dose level of 20 mg/kg. The compound (5d 5-{(2E-1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-3-[4-(dimethylaminophenyl] prop-2-en-1-ylidene} pyrimidine-2, 4, 6(1H,3H,5H-trione significantly reduced the duration of immobility times at 50 mg/kg−1 dose level when compared to the standard drug. Molecular docking studies revealed the need for an extra hydrophobic interaction in the titled scaffold for acquiring the promising experimental values. It has been concluded that the computational values obtained after the docking calculation are in good agreement with the experimental values.

Neurotransmitter mechanisms of the action of the antihistamine dimebon on the brain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shadurskaya, S.K.; Khomenko, A.I.; Pereverzev, V.A.; Balakeevskii, A.I.

1986-01-01

To discover the possible mechanism of the stimulating effect of dimebon on the CNS, the action of the drug was studied on catecholamine concentrations and turnover and activity of forms of monoamine oxidase (MAO), differing in the substrate metabolized, in brain structures involved in the regulation of the emotional state and in the regulation of motor activity in rats. 3 H-serotonin creatinine-sulfate, 3 H-dopamine hydrochloride, and 14 C- benzylamine hydrochloride were used as substrates. The results show that dimebon can inhibit MAO activity in the basal ganglia and other brain structures both in vitro and in vivo, and can cause changes in DA and NA metabolism and in functional activity of catecholaminergic neuronal structures of the brain

Parametri za procena na kvalitetot na polietilenska i na polipropilenska ambalaza i na gumeni zatvoraci nameneti za farmacevtski preparati

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liljana Ugrinova

2002-03-01

Full Text Available Napraven e pregled na parametrite za procena na kvalitetot na polietilenska i na polipropilenska ambalaza i na gumeni zatvoraci nameneti za farmacevtski preparati. Za procena na kvalitetot na ispituvaniot materijal bea izvrseni fizicki, hemiski i bioloski ispituvanja spored postapkite dadeni vo Ph. Eur., DIN i spored DIN ISO standardite. Baranjata za kvalitet na ovoj vid ambalaza propisani spored Ph. Eur., DIN i DIN ISO standardite se razlikuvaat vo odnos na predvidenite parametri za fizicki, za hemiski i za bioloski ispituvanja. Isto taka, propisani se i razlicni granici na dozvoleno otstapuvanje na oddelni parametri.

Impacto de alterações ambientais na ecologia de flebotomíneos no sul do Brasil Impact of environmental changes on sand fly ecology in southern Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ueslei Teodoro

1999-10-01

Full Text Available Verificou-se que a abertura de uma clareira ao redor de um galinheiro e aplicações periódicas de inseticidas refletiram na ecologia das espécies de flebotomíneos na Fazenda Palmital, município de Terra Boa, Estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil. A espécie dominante (51,6% antes do desmatamento e das aplicações de inseticidas era Lutzomyia migonei (França, 1920. Após estas medidas, Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939 passou a predominar (89,8%. A diferença de proporções de L. whitmani nesta investigação (89,8 % em relação à outra (32,6%, realizada antes da abertura da clareira e das aplicações de inseticidas, foi altamente significativa.Tree felling around a chicken coop and periodic insecticide spraying at the Palmital farm in the county of Terra Boa in southern Brazil impacted the ecology of sand fly species. The most prevalent species (51.6% before clearing the trees and insecticide spraying was Lutzomyia migonei (França, 1920, and it is now Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939 (89.8%. There was a highly significant difference between the proportions of L. whitmani reported by this paper (89.8% and another publication before the tree felling and insecticide spraying (32.6%.

Cultura organizacional de enfermería dominante en un hospital de la Secretaría de Salud de Morelos, México Predominant organizational culture in nursing at a public hospital. Morelos, Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Doris Verónica Ortega-Altamirano

2011-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar los modelos de cultura organizacional, dominante y preferido, en enfermería en el segundo nivel de atención a la salud. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Entre abril y junio de 2008 se hizo un estudio transversal con personal de enfermería de los Servicios de Salud del Estado de Morelos. Se obtuvo información sobre los datos sociodemográficos y la cultura organizacional. Se hicieron pruebas de ji² y de correlación Kappa, y se usó Stata v.10. RESULTADOS: Se entrevistó a 30 enfermeras seleccionadas aleatoriamente de un total de 397, con al menos un año de antigüedad laboral. Se identificó que la cultura organizacional dominante es la del poder y la preferida es la del desempeño. El coeficiente Kappa positivo de 0.17 (p= 0.047 entre lo que domina y el modelo del desempeño que se prefiere. CONCLUSIONES: Identificar estos modelos de la cultura organizacional permite entender los diferenciales de desempeño en la gestión del cuidado enfermero a los usuarios hospitalarios y plantearse aspiraciones de mejoras en el propio servicio.OBJECTIVE: To identify dominant and preferred organizational culture models at second level nursing services in Morelos. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June, 2008. Nursing caregivers from Public Health Services of Morelos State participated. We gathered and analyzed data about socioeconomic characteristics and organizational culture, and we applied the Xi² and Kappa coefficient statistical tests using Stata version 10 software. RESULTS: We interviewed 30 nurses, randomly selected from a total of 397, with at least one year of seniority. It was identified that the dominant organizational culture is one of power and the preferred culture is one of performance. A Kappa positive coefficient of 0.17 (p = 0.047 was found between the dominant model and the preferred performance model. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying said organizational culture models helps to understand

Dendrogramas de densidade para Hovenia dulcis Thunberg na região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gerson Luiz Selle

2010-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi elaborar dendrogramas para o manejo de densidade (DMD, em populações de Hovenia dulcis localizadas na região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para tanto, foram utilizadas informações de dois povoamentos, com idades de 25 anos, localizado na Fundação de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO e de uma população de árvores livres, com DAPs variando de 5 a 45 cm, localizado no campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM, RS. Nos povoamentos sob concorrência, os dados foram coletados em árvores dos estratos dominante, intermediário e dominado, pelo método da densidade pontual. As árvores livres de concorrência foram coletadas sob a forma de censo. Como conclusão obteve-se que o modelo de Reineke ajustou-se satisfatoriamente para estimar as linhas de densidade de fechamento do dossel e de autodesbaste, com os coeficientes angulares se aproximando de -1,5, comprovando que a lei da potência de -3/2 de autodesbaste foi contemplada e que a hipótese postulada por Reineke tambem foi satisfeita. A densidade populacional, para a lotação do dossel, foi de 42,5% do número máximo de árvores, sendo possível construir diagramas para o manejo da densidade, dos 5 aos 31 cm de diâmetro da árvore de área basal média.

Načrtovan porod na domu

OpenAIRE

Todorović, Tamara; Takač, Iztok

2017-01-01

Izhodišča: Porod na domu je sicer star toliko kot človeštvo, pa vendar v veliki večini srednje in visoko razvitih držav prevladuje mnenje, da so zaradi nepredvidljivosti zapletov porodnišnice najbolj varno okolje za rojevanje. Kljub temu obstaja peščica držav, v katerih je porod na domu integriran v sistem zdravstvenega varstva (npr. Nizozemska, Velika Britanija, Kanada). Pri porodih na domu ločimo nenačrtovane in načrtovane porode na domu, slednje pa lahko nadalje razdelimo še na porode s sp...

Experiências em concreto armado na áfrica portuguesa: influências do Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Vaz Milheiro

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Existe uma proximidade entre a cultura moderna brasileira e Portugal, que pode ser identificada pelas influências sentidas na produção arquitectónica portuguesa. Genericamente, estas relações iniciaram-se com Brazil builds - Architecture new and old 1652-1942, que os portugueses conhecem desde meados da década de 1940, progredindo até à inauguração de Brasília que marca o declínio do interesse português na arquitectura do Brasil. As qualidades plásticas da arquitectura brasileira - consequência do uso e exploração das potencialidades do concreto armado - podem ser detectadas em alguns exemplos construídos em Portugal durante os anos cinquenta. A influência determinante de Oscar Niemeyer é a mais documentada. Um fenómeno semelhante estendeu-se aos antigos territórios coloniais africanos, onde Portugal manteve soberania até 1975. Aqui, todavia, o interesse na produção brasileira persistiu mais tempo se comparado com a metrópole. Tanto em Angola como em Moçambique assistiu-se a uma forte actividade construtiva durante as décadas de 1950-1960, prolongando-se até ao inicio dos anos setenta onde o recurso ao concreto armado se intensificou como prática dominante. Em alguns casos o seu uso traduziu-se em explorações plásticas originais. O exercício da arquitectura nos antigos territórios da África portuguesa beneficiava de alguma liberdade conceptual e, na generalidade, a qualidade do operariado não se diferenciava daquele que trabalhava no Portugal Ibérico. Dentro do contexto descrito serão aqui apresentados três casos de arquitectos com obra relevante em Angola e Moçambique, que construíram em concreto e, simultaneamente, tiveram ou manifestaram afinidades com a arquitectura brasileira do mesmo período. Em Angola, recorda-se o percurso de Francisco Castro Rodrigues, no Lobito entre 1953 e 1987, e de Fernão Lopes Simões de Carvalho, que permaneceu em Luanda de 1960 a 1967. Em Lourenço Marques (actual

The properties of B-form monoamine oxidase in mitochondria from monkey platelet.

Science.gov (United States)

Obata, Toshio; Aomine, Masahiro

The present study was examined the effect of the properties of monkey platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) based on inhibitor sensitivity. Monkey platelet showed a high MAO activity with beta-phenylethylamine (beta-PEA) as substrate and a very low A-form MAO activity with 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) as substrate. Moreover, monkey platelet MAO was sensitive to the drugs deprenyl as B-form MAO inhibitor and less sensitive to clorgyline and harmaline as A form MAO inhibitor with beta-PEA as the B-form MAO substrate. B-form MAO from monkey platelet was more stable against heat treatment at 55 degrees C than B-form MAO in brain. After digestion with trypsin at 37 degrees C for 4 hrs, it was found that MAO from platelet was inhibited about 70% with beta-PEA as substrate with brain. The tricyclic antidepressant imipramine and nortriptyline inhibited B-form MAO activity more potency than B-form MAO in brain. However, when the noncyclic antidepressant nomifensine was used, monkey platelet B-form MAO activities were less potently inhibited. All these reagents were noncompetitive inhibitors of B form MAO in monkey platelet. The present studies demonstrated that monkey platelet MAO is a single of B-form MAO and sensitive to tricyclic antidepressants.

Structure and Infrared Emissivity Properties of the MAO Coatings Formed on TC4 Alloys in K2ZrF6-Based Solution

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Ying; Hu, Dan; Xi, Zhengping

2018-01-01

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) ceramic coatings were formed on TC4 alloy surface in silicate and metaphosphate electrolytes based with K2ZrF6 for various concentrations. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the phase composition, microstructure and chemical compositions of the coatings. The infrared emissivity of the coatings was measured at 50 °C in a wavelength range of 8–20 µm. The microstructural observations all revealed the typical porousstructures. Moreover, adecline in roughness and thickness of the prepared coatings can be observed when the concentration of K2ZrF6 increases. Combined with the results of XRD and XPS, it was found that all the oxides existed as the amorphous form in the coatings except the TiO2 phase. The coatings exhibited the highest infrared emissivity value (about 0.89) when the concentration of K2ZrF6 was 6 g/L, which was possibly attributed to the defect microstructure and the optimal role of ZrO2. PMID:29414841

Representações do eleitor: revendo teorias e propondo novos caminhos

OpenAIRE

Barros, Denise Franca; Sauerbronn, João Felipe Rammelt; Ayrosa, Eduardo André Teixeira

2012-01-01

Em virtude da restrita produção acadêmica sobre comportamento do eleitor e marketing político na administração pública, acreditamos que a sistematização do conhecimento produzido na área possa ser capaz de mostrar um amplo campo de possibilidades para futuros estudos críticos, teóricos e empíricos. Observamos que a maior parte das pesquisas acompanha a orientação tradicional, dominante no marketing gerencial. Esses estudos partem do pressuposto de que o marketing político é uma ferramenta uti...

Noliktavu vadības sistēmas (WMS) ieviešana un ieviešanas rezultātu analīze loģistikas uzņēmumā AS ,,Dominante Loģistikas Sistēma

OpenAIRE

Morozovs, Gļebs

2010-01-01

Darbā „Noliktavu vadības sistēmas (WMS) ieviešana un ieviešanas rezultātu analīze loģistikas uzņēmumā AS „Dominante Loģistikas Sistēma„ tiek pētīta noliktavu vadības sistēmas ievešanas ietekme uz loģistikas uzņēmumu. Darbā izpētīts loģistikas saturs un funkcionālās sfēra, aplūkoti noliktavu un transporta loģistika pamatprincipi un mijiedarbība, analizētas loģistikas attīstības tendences un loma Latvijas tautsaimniecība. Izpētīti noliktavu un transporta loģistikas instrumenti, raksturota infor...

延安时期毛泽东关于民生问题的理论和实践探索%Mao Zedong's Theory and Practice on Livelihood Issues during the Yan'an Period

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

吴毅君; 张志兵; 韩平

2014-01-01

During the Yan'an period,based on the actual reality of the warfare and the border area,Mao Zedong proposed a series of important theories on solving the livelihood issues by developing democracy,econ-omy,cultural education and social security,etc.Mao Zedong also proposed practices and countermeasures in carrying out democracy,developing production,setting up education undertakings,and helping the poor, which had solved the most direct and the most realistic interest that common people were very much concerned about.Inspecting Mao Zedong's theory and practice on livelihood issues during this period,we should fully un-derstand that democracy is the guarantee,development is the premise,and education is the cornerstone to solve the livelihood issues,and social security is a basic system to protect people's life and regulate social dis-tribution.It is of importantly guiding significance and referential value for the currently overall social construc-tion led by the Chinese Communist Party with the focus on improving the livelihood.%延安时期，针对战争环境和边区实际，毛泽东提出了通过实行民主、发展经济、文化教育以及社会保障等一系列关于解决民生问题的重要理论，并通过推行民主、发展生产、兴办教育、扶贫济困等实践举措，改善了民众最关心最直接最现实的利益问题，积累了丰富的关于民生问题的理论和实践经验。考察这一时期毛泽东的民生理论和实践探索，充分认识民主是解决民生问题的保证、发展是解决民生问题的前提、教育是解决民生问题的基石和社会保障是保障人民生活、调节社会分配的一项基本制度，这对于当前中国共产党全面开展以改善民生为重点的社会建设具有十分重要的指导意义和参考价值。

LEBON RÉGIS/SC, DA VIVÊNCIA CABOCLA NO CONTESTADO AO SUFOCAMENTO NA LÓGICA AGRÁRIO-CAPITALISTA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Émerson Dias Oliveira

2017-01-01

Full Text Available O processo de desbravamento, ocupação e povoamento da região Sul do Brasil, deu-se numa particularidade secundária ao formato tradicional das demais regiões colonizadas. Nessa região, o Estado de Santa Catarina surge ainda como território de ocupação posterior aos demais estados sulistas, uma espécie de espaço periférico e “abandonado” entremeio os extremos da Estrada de Ferro São Paulo – Rio Grande. Entre os rudimentares povoados surgidos, está a atual Lebon Régis/SC, integrando uma região conhecida como – Contestado –, sendo que esta região é tida como deficitário de uma territorialidade racional e “civilizada” aos olhos das classes dominantes dos séculos XIX e XX. Na segunda década do século XX, a região do Contestado padece em seus domínios uma guerra civil camponesa de proporções extremamente devastadoras, uma revolução que é na realidade o estopim de um choque de classes já vigente há algum tempo. Assim, seus residentes seculares - o caboclo - imbuído em sua fé messiânica, resistiram e lutaram até o seu completo genocídio contra as instituições públicas e privadas, uma fatalidade em que a lei do mais forte (poder e capital se impôs ao mais fraco (caboclo, uma barbárie por muitos anos legalizada, justificada e legitimada pelo Estado, sendo o foco deste ensaio trazer à tona a realidade dos fatos, oportunizando ao caboclo de Lebon Régis sua expressão identitária de fato.

Selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase A by purpurin, an anthraquinone.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Hyun Woo; Ryu, Hyung Won; Kang, Myung-Gyun; Park, Daeui; Oh, Sei-Ryang; Kim, Hoon

2017-03-01

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) catalyzes the oxidation of monoamines that act as neurotransmitters. During a target-based screening of natural products using two isoforms of recombinant human MAO-A and MAO-B, purpurin (an anthraquinone derivative) was found to potently and selectively inhibit MAO-A, with an IC 50 value of 2.50μM, and not to inhibit MAO-B. Alizarin (also an anthraquinone) inhibited MAO-A less potently with an IC 50 value of 30.1μM. Furthermore, purpurin was a reversible and competitive inhibitor of MAO-A with a K i value of 0.422μM. A comparison of their chemical structures suggested the 4-hydroxy group of purpurin might play an important role in its inhibition of MAO-A. Molecular docking simulation showed that the binding affinity of purpurin for MAO-A (-40.0kcal/mol) was higher than its affinity for MAO-B (-33.9kcal/mol), and that Ile 207 and Gly 443 of MAO-A were key residues for hydrogen bonding with purpurin. The findings of this study suggest purpurin is a potent, selective, reversible inhibitor of MAO-A, and that it be considered a new potential lead compound for development of novel reversible inhibitors of MAO-A (RIMAs). Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Effect of Kaixinsan on monoamine oxidase activity].

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Shi; Dong, Xian-Zhe; Tan, Xiao; Wang, Yu-Ning; Liu, Ping

2016-05-01

To observe the effect of antidepressant medicine prescription, Kaixinsan (KXS) on monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, and explore the mechanism of KXS in elevating the levels of monoamine neurotransmitter from the perspective of metabolism, in vitro enzyme reaction system and C6 neuroglial cells, the effect of KXS at different concentrations on MAO-A and MAO-B activity was observed. In animal studies, the effect of KXS at different concentrations on MAO-A and MAO-B activities of brain mitochondrialin normal rats and solitary chronic unpredictable moderate stress (CMS) model rats after intragastric administration for 1, 2, 3 weeks. Results showed that 10 g•L⁻¹ KXS could significantly reduce the activity of MAO-A and MAO-B in enzyme reaction system; and in C6 cells, KXS within 0.625-10 g•L⁻¹ concentration range had no significant effect on the activity of MAO-A, but had obvious inhibitory effect on the activity of MAO-B in a dose dependent manner. KXS had no significant effect on the activity of MAO-A and MAO-B in brains of normal rats after action for 1, 2, 3 weeks. After 2 and 3 weeks treatment with 338 mg•kg⁻¹ dose KXS, MAO-A activity in the brain of CMS rats was decreased as compared with the model group (PMAO-B activity after 1, 2, 3 weeks of treatment. The results indicated that KXS had certain effect on in vitro MAO-A and MAO-B activity, had no effect on brain MAO-A and MAO-B activity in vivo in normal rats, and had certain inhibitory effect on MAO-A activity in brains of CMS rats. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Preparation of Porous F-WO3/TiO2 Films with Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity by Microarc Oxidation

OpenAIRE

Yeh, Chung-Wei; Wu, Kee-Rong; Hung, Chung-Hsuang; Chang, Hao-Cheng; Hsu, Chuan-Jen

2012-01-01

Porous F-WO3/TiO2 (mTiO2) films are prepared on titanium sheet substrates using microarc oxidation (MAO) technique. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that visible-light (Vis) enabling mTiO2 films with a very high content of anatase TiO2 and high loading of WO3 are successfully synthesized at a low applied voltage of 300 V using electrolyte contenting NaF and Na2WO4 without subsequent heat treatment. The cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy micrograph reveals that the mTiO2 films...

Norrie disease gene is distinct from the monoamine oxidase genes.

Science.gov (United States)

Sims, K B; Ozelius, L; Corey, T; Rinehart, W B; Liberfarb, R; Haines, J; Chen, W J; Norio, R; Sankila, E; de la Chapelle, A

1989-09-01

The genes for MAO-A and MAO-B appear to be very close to the Norrie disease gene, on the basis of loss and/or disruption of the MAO genes and activities in atypical Norrie disease patients deleted for the DXS7 locus; linkage among the MAO genes, the Norrie disease gene, and the DXS7 locus; and mapping of all these loci to the chromosomal region Xp11. The present study provides evidence that the MAO genes are not disrupted in "classic" Norrie disease patients. Genomic DNA from these "nondeletion" Norrie disease patients did not show rearrangements at the MAOA or DXS7 loci. Normal levels of MAO-A activities, as well as normal amounts and size of the MAO-A mRNA, were observed in cultured skin fibroblasts from these patients, and MAO-B activity in their platelets was normal. Catecholamine metabolites evaluated in plasma and urine were in the control range. Thus, although some atypical Norrie disease patients lack both MAO-A and MAO-B activities, MAO does not appear to be an etiologic factor in classic Norrie disease.

Na+-stimulated ATPase of alkaliphilic halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica translocates Na+ into proteoliposomes via Na+ uniport mechanism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Soontharapirakkul Kanteera

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background When cells are exposed to high salinity conditions, they develop a mechanism to extrude excess Na+ from cells to maintain the cytoplasmic Na+ concentration. Until now, the ATPase involved in Na+ transport in cyanobacteria has not been characterized. Here, the characterization of ATPase and its role in Na+ transport of alkaliphilic halotolerant Aphanothece halophytica were investigated to understand the survival mechanism of A. halophytica under high salinity conditions. Results The purified enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of Na+ but not K+, Li+ and Ca2+. The apparent Km values for Na+ and ATP were 2.0 and 1.2 mM, respectively. The enzyme is likely the F1F0-ATPase based on the usual subunit pattern and the protection against N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide inhibition of ATPase activity by Na+ in a pH-dependent manner. Proteoliposomes reconstituted with the purified enzyme could take up Na+ upon the addition of ATP. The apparent Km values for this uptake were 3.3 and 0.5 mM for Na+ and ATP, respectively. The mechanism of Na+ transport mediated by Na+-stimulated ATPase in A. halophytica was revealed. Using acridine orange as a probe, alkalization of the lumen of proteoliposomes reconstituted with Na+-stimulated ATPase was observed upon the addition of ATP with Na+ but not with K+, Li+ and Ca2+. The Na+- and ATP-dependent alkalization of the proteoliposome lumen was stimulated by carbonyl cyanide m - chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP but was inhibited by a permeant anion nitrate. The proteoliposomes showed both ATPase activity and ATP-dependent Na+ uptake activity. The uptake of Na+ was enhanced by CCCP and nitrate. On the other hand, both CCCP and nitrate were shown to dissipate the preformed electric potential generated by Na+-stimulated ATPase of the proteoliposomes. Conclusion The data demonstrate that Na+-stimulated ATPase from A. halophytica, a likely member of F-type ATPase, functions as an electrogenic Na

Hacia una terapia neuroprotectora con cannabinoides en la enfermedad de Huntington : estudios preclínicos y clínicos

OpenAIRE

Valdeolivas Rojas, Sara

2017-01-01

La enfermedad de Huntington (EH) es una enfermedad con herencia autosómica dominante causada por una mutación en el gen IT15, que codifica la proteína huntingtina (HTT). Esta proteína presenta una amplia expresión células de mamíferos y, aunque su función exacta no es totalmente conocida, se sabe que está relacionada con la modulación de procesos celulares tales como transcripción génica, señalización celular, metabolismo energético y neurogénesis. La mutación consiste en una expansión excesi...

Polarization dependence of Na* + Na* associative ionization revisited

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meijer, H.A.J.; Meulen, H.P. v.d.; Morgenstern, R.; Hertel, I.V.; Meyer, E.; Witte, R.

1986-01-01

The dependence of the associative ionization process Na 3 2P3/2 + Na 3 2P3/2 → Na2+ + e- on the polarization of the laser light used for Na excitation was independently investigated in Utrecht and Berlin. The purpose of this paper is to clarify discrepancies between two other earlier experimental

MEMENTO MORI: PRÁTICAS FUNERÁRIAS E ARTE SACRA NA CULTURA BARROCA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claúdio Monteiro Duarte

2015-05-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: Este artigo aborda algumas atitudes diante da morte na cultura ocidental entre os séculos XVI e XIX, período marcado pela dúvida e pela inquietação, e ao mesmo tempo pelo impulso lúdico e pela teatralização da vida. Procurou-se salientar como a concepção dominante da morte pode ser percebida de formas semelhantes em cerimônias fúnebres, autos-de-fé e realizações artístico-religiosas, mostrando como as técnicas de preparação para a morte eram importantes numa sociedade dividida entre a fé e a razão, entre a religião e a ciência nascente.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: cultura funerária, arte barroca, representações da morte   ABSTRACT: This article discusses the attitudes about death in the Western culture, between the 16th and 19th centuries, a period characterized by the so called baroque culture, whose main features were the doubt and the anxiety, and, at the same time, a ludic impulse and a theatrical vision of life. It emphasizes how the dominant conceptions about death may be found in the funerary habits, the public executions and punishments and the sacred artistic achievements alike, which demonstrates how the techniques of preparation to death were important in that society, divided between faith and reason, between religion and the beginnings of science.  KEYWORDS: funerary culture, baroque art, representations of deathRecebido em: 09/02/2015 – Aceito em 31/03/2015

Pseudo-ternary phase diagram in the Na2O-Na2O2-NaOH system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saito, Jun-ichi; Tendo, Masayuki; Aoto, Kazumi

1997-10-01

Generally, the phase diagrams are always used to understand the present state of compounds at certain temperature. In order to understand the corrosion behavior of structural material for FBR by main sodium compounds (Na 2 O, Na 2 O 2 and NaOH), it is very important to comprehend the phase diagrams of their compounds. However, only Na 2 O-NaOH pseudo-binary phase diagram had been investigated previously in this system. There is no study of other pseudo-binary or ternary phase diagrams in the Na 2 O-Na 2 O 2 -NaOH system. In this study, in order to clarify the present states of their compounds at certain temperatures, the pseudo-binary and ternary phase diagrams in the Na 2 O-Na 2 O 2 -NaOH system were prepared. A series of thermal analyses with binary and ternary component system has been carried out using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The liquidus temperature and ternary eutectic temperatures were confirmed by these measurements. The beneficial indications for constructing phase diagrams were obtained from these experiments. On the basis of these results, the interaction parameters between compounds which were utilized for the Thermo-Calc calculation were optimized. Thermo-Calc is one of thermodynamic calculation software. Consequently the accurate pseudo-binary and ternary phase diagrams were indicated using the optimized parameters. (author)

Sensitive and Selective Ratiometric Fluorescence Probes for Detection of Intracellular Endogenous Monoamine Oxidase A.

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Xiaofeng; Li, Lihong; Shi, Wen; Gong, Qiuyu; Li, Xiaohua; Ma, Huimin

2016-01-19

Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is known to widely exist in most cell lines in the body, and its dysfunction (unusually high or low levels of MAO-A) is thought to be responsible for several psychiatric and neurological disorders. Thus, a sensitive and selective method for evaluating the relative MAO-A levels in different live cells is urgently needed to better understand the function of MAO-A, but to our knowledge such a method is still lacking. Herein, we rationally design two new ratiometric fluorescence probes (1 and 2) that can sensitively and selectively detect MAO-A. The probes are constructed by incorporating a recognition group of propylamine into the fluorescent skeleton of 1,8-naphthalimide, and the detection mechanism is based on amine oxidation and β-elimination to release the fluorophore (4-hydroxy-N-butyl-1,8-naphthalimide), which is verified by HPLC analysis. Reaction of the probes with MAO-A produces a remarkable fluorescence change from blue to green, and the ratio of fluorescence intensity at 550 and 454 nm is directly proportional to the concentration of MAO-A in the ranges of 0.5-1.5 and 0.5-2.5 μg/mL with detection limits of 1.1 and 10 ng/mL (k = 3) for probes 1 and 2, respectively. Surprisingly, these probes show strong fluorescence responses to MAO-A but almost none to MAO-B (one of two isoforms of MAO), indicating superior ability to distinguish MAO-A from MAO-B. The high specificity of the probes for MAO-A over MAO-B is further supported by different inhibitor experiments. Moreover, probe 1 displays higher sensitivity than probe 2 and is thus investigated to image the relative MAO-A levels in different live cells, such as HeLa and NIH-3T3 cells. It is found that the concentration of endogenous MAO-A in HeLa cells is approximately 1.8 times higher than that in NIH-3T3 cells, which is validated by the result from an ELISA kit. Additionally, the proposed probes may find more uses in the specific detection of MAO-A between the two isoforms of MAO

2-acetylphenol analogs as potent reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Legoabe LJ

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Lesetja J Legoabe,1 Anél Petzer,1 Jacobus P Petzer1,21Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South AfricaAbstract: Based on a previous report that substituted 2-acetylphenols may be promising leads for the design of novel monoamine oxidase (MAO inhibitors, a series of C5-substituted 2-acetylphenol analogs (15 and related compounds (two were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of human MAO-A and MAO-B. Generally, the study compounds exhibited inhibitory activities against both MAO-A and MAO-B, with selectivity for the B isoform. Among the compounds evaluated, seven compounds exhibited IC50 values <0.01 µM for MAO-B inhibition, with the most selective compound being 17,000-fold selective for MAO-B over the MAO-A isoform. Analyses of the structure–activity relationships for MAO inhibition show that substitution on the C5 position of the 2-acetylphenol moiety is a requirement for MAO-B inhibition, and the benzyloxy substituent is particularly favorable in this regard. This study concludes that C5-substituted 2-acetylphenol analogs are potent and selective MAO-B inhibitors, appropriate for the design of therapies for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease.Keywords: monoamine oxidase, MAO, inhibition, 2-acetylphenol, structure–activity relationship

As práticas de tradução redefinidas pelas relações linguísticas na economia informacional Translation practices redefined by linguistic relations in the informational economy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Érika Nogueira de Andrade Stupiello

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar um panorama das relações linguísticas no mundo globalizado via internet, refletindo sobre a crescente ruptura da associação entre língua e cultura e sua influência para a prática de tradução na contemporaneidade. A partir da descrição das principais mudanças na contratação da tradução na atualidade, discute-se como a preferência pela padronização da língua de origem, especialmente o inglês, dos materiais textuais em formato eletrônico colabora para a manutenção dessa língua em sua "posição dominante" ao mesmo tempo em que desloca o ônus da tradução para aqueles que não a conhecem. Conforme argumento, é essa língua híbrida e sem vínculo com sua cultura de origem que, na maioria das vezes, serve de ponto de partida para a tradução de materiais textuais para as mais diversas línguas e posterior divulgação em meio eletrônico.The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the linguistic relations in the globalized world via internet, considering the growing dissociation between language and culture and its influence on the contemporary practice of translation. From the description of the main changes in the way translation services are currently hired, we discuss how the preference for standardization of the original language, mainly English, of textual materials in electronic format collaborates in maintaining this language at its "dominant position", whereas it dislocates the burden of translation to those who cannot speak it. As we argue, this "hybrid" language with no ties to its original culture is mostly used as a source for the translation of textual materials into different languages and subsequent dissemination in electronic medium.

The new inhibitor of monoamine oxidase, M30, has a neuroprotective effect against dexamethasone-induced brain cell apoptosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shakevia Johnson

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Stress detrimentally affects the brain and body and can lead to or be accompanied by depression. Although stress and depression may contribute to each other, the exact molecular mechanism underlying the effects is unclear. However, there is a correlation between stress and an increase in glucocorticoid secretion which causes a subsequent increase in monoamine oxidase (MAO activity during stress. Consequently, MAO inhibitors have been used as traditional antidepressant drugs. Cellular treatment with the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (a cellular stressor, has been reported to markedly increase both MAO A and MAO B catalytic activities, as well as apoptosis. This study compares the neuroprotective abilities of M30 (a new generation inhibitor of both MAO A and MAO B with rasagiline (Azilect®, another new MAO B inhibitor and selegiline (Deprenyl®, a traditional MAO B inhibitor in the prevention of dexamethasone-induced brain cell death and MAO activity in human neuroblastoma cells, SH-SY5Y. M30 demonstrated the highest inhibitory effect on MAO A; however, M30 showed the lowest inhibitory effect on MAO B enzymatic activity in comparison to rasagiline and selegiline. Although, M30 exhibited the greatest neuroprotective effect by decreasing cell death rates and apoptotic DNA damage compared to rasagiline and selegiline, these neuroprotective effects of M30 were, overall, similar to rasagiline. Summarily, M30 has a generally greater impact on neuroprotection than the MAO B inhibitors, selegiline and rasagiline. Our results suggest that M30 may have great potential in alleviating disorders involving increases in both MAO A and MAO B, such as stress-induced disorders.

Extracellular Na+ levels regulate formation and activity of the NaX/alpha1-Na+/K+-ATPase complex in neuronal cells.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emmanuelle eBerret

2014-12-01

Full Text Available MnPO neurons play a critical role in hydromineral homeostasis regulation by acting as sensors of extracellular sodium concentration ([Na+]out. The mechanism underlying Na+-sensing involves Na+-flow through the NaX channel, directly regulated by the Na+/K+-ATPase α1-isoform which controls Na+-influx by modulating channel permeability. Together, these two partners form a complex involved in the regulation of intracellular sodium ([Na+]in. Here we aim to determine whether environmental changes in Na+ could actively modulate the NaX/Na+/K+-ATPase complex activity.We investigated the complex activity using patch-clamp recordings from rat MnPO neurons and Neuro2a cells. When the rats were fed with a high-salt-diet, or the [Na+] in the culture medium was increased, the activity of the complex was up-regulated. In contrast, drop in environmental [Na+] decreased the activity of the complex. Interestingly under hypernatremic condition, the colocalization rate and protein level of both partners were up-regulated. Under hyponatremic condition, only NaX protein expression was increased and the level of NaX/Na+/K+-ATPase remained unaltered. This unbalance between NaX and Na+/K+-ATPase pump proportion would induce a bigger portion of Na+/K+-ATPase-control-free NaX channel. Thus we suggest that hypernatremic environment increases NaX/Na+/K+-ATPase α1-isoform activity by increasing the number of both partners and their colocalization rate, whereas hyponatremic environment down-regulates complex activity via a decrease in the relative number of NaX channels controlled by the pump.

Suicide attempts, platelet monoamine oxidase and the average evoked response

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buchsbaum, M.S.; Haier, R.J.; Murphy, D.L.

1977-01-01

The relationship between suicides and suicide attempts and two biological measures, platelet monoamine oxidase levels (MAO) and average evoked response (AER) augmenting was examined in 79 off-medication psychiatric patients and in 68 college student volunteers chosen from the upper and lower deciles of MAO activity levels. In the patient sample, male individuals with low MAO and AER augmenting, a pattern previously associated with bipolar affective disorders, showed a significantly increased incidence of suicide attempts in comparison with either non-augmenting low MAO or high MAO patients. Within the normal volunteer group, all male low MAO probands with a family history of suicide or suicide attempts were AER augmenters themselves. Four completed suicides were found among relatives of low MAO probands whereas no high MAO proband had a relative who committed suicide. These findings suggest that the combination of low platelet MAO activity and AER augmenting may be associated with a possible genetic vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. (author)

A Study of the Distribution of Sodium Cations in the Zeolites NaX, NaY and ZnNaY Using Carbon Monoxide Adsorption and 23Na NMR Techniques

Science.gov (United States)

Seidel, A.; Boddenberg, B.

1995-03-01

The zeolites NaX, NaY, Zn(55)NaY, and Zn(74)NaY were investigated by means of carbon monoxide adsorption and with static and magic angle spinning (MAS) 23Na NMR spectroscopy. The Na+ distribution between the sodalite (ß)- and supercages of the fully hydrated zeolites NaX and NaY were found to agree with XRD results. In the hydrated zinc-exchanged zeolites the Na+ ions almost exclusively populate the ß-cages. The adsorption isotherms of CO in the dehydrated zeolites were analyzed quantitatively to yield the concentrations of Na+ residing in the supercages. The measured static and MAS 23Na NMR spectra were analyzed by comparing their widths and shapes with simulated central transition patterns and yield, inter alia, the concentrations of Na+ associated with the spectrum components. Arguments are put forward that 23Na NMR of dehydrated zeolites is well suited to distinguish Na+ cations in highly symmetric environments and mobile Na+ species from others located on general positions, but further resolution is hardly feasible.

HCO3(-)-coupled Na+ influx is a major determinant of Na+ turnover and Na+/K+ pump activity in rat hepatocytes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fitz, J.G.; Lidofsky, S.D.; Weisiger, R.A.; Xie, M.H.; Cochran, M.; Grotmol, T.; Scharschmidt, B.F.

1991-01-01

Recent studies in hepatocytes indicate that Na(+)-coupled HCO3- transport contributes importantly to regulation of intracellular pH and membrane HCO3- transport. However, the direction of net coupled Na+ and HCO3- movement and the effect of HCO3- on Na+ turnover and Na+/K+ pump activity are not known. In these studies, the effect of HCO3- on Na+ influx and turnover were measured in primary rat hepatocyte cultures with 22Na+, and [Na+]i was measured in single hepatocytes using the Na(+)-sensitive fluorochrome SBFI. Na+/K+ pump activity was measured in intact perfused rat liver and hepatocyte monolayers as Na(+)-dependent or ouabain-suppressible 86Rb uptake, and was measured in single hepatocytes as the effect of transient pump inhibition by removal of extracellular K+ on membrane potential difference (PD) and [Na+]i. In hepatocyte monolayers, HCO3- increased 22Na+ entry and turnover rates by 50-65%, without measurably altering 22Na+ pool size or cell volume, and HCO3- also increased Na+/K+ pump activity by 70%. In single cells, exposure to HCO3- produced an abrupt and sustained rise in [Na+]i from approximately 8 to 12 mM. Na+/K+ pump activity assessed in single cells by PD excursions during transient K+ removal increased congruent to 2.5-fold in the presence of HCO3-, and the rise in [Na+]i produced by inhibition of the Na+/K+ pump was similarly increased congruent to 2.5-fold in the presence of HCO3-. In intact perfused rat liver, HCO3- increased both Na+/K+ pump activity and O2 consumption. These findings indicate that, in hepatocytes, net coupled Na+ and HCO3- movement is inward and represents a major determinant of Na+ influx and Na+/K+ pump activity. About half of hepatic Na+/K+ pump activity appears dedicated to recycling Na+ entering in conjunction with HCO3- to maintain [Na+]i within the physiologic range

Worship, Reflection, Empirical Research

OpenAIRE

Ding Dong,

2012-01-01

In my youth, I was a worshipper of Mao Zedong. From the latter stage of the Mao Era to the early years of Reform and Opening, I began to reflect on Mao and the Communist Revolution he launched. In recent years I’ve devoted myself to empirical historical research on Mao, seeking the truth about Mao and China’s modern history.

Chronic Exposure to Tributyltin Induces Brain Functional Damage in Juvenile Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

OpenAIRE

Li, Zhi-Hua; Li, Ping; Shi, Ze-Chao

2015-01-01

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Tributyltin (TBT) on brain function and neurotoxicity of freshwater teleost. The effects of long-term exposure to TBT on antioxidant related indices (MDA, malondialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; GR, glutathione reductase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase), Na+-K+-ATPase and neurological parameters (AChE, acetylcholinesterase; MAO, monoamine oxidase; NO, nitric oxide) in the brain of common carp were evaluated. Fish we...

The effect of Na vapor on the Na content of chondrules

Science.gov (United States)

Lewis, R. Dean; Lofgren, Gary E.; Franzen, Hugo F.; Windom, Kenneth E.

1993-01-01

Chondrules contain higher concentrations of volatiles (Na) than expected for melt droplets in the solar nebula. Recent studies have proposed that chondrules may have formed under non-canonical nebular conditions such as in particle/gas-rich clumps. Such chondrule formation areas may have contained significant Na vapor. To test the hypothesis of whether a Na-rich vapor would minimize Na volatilization reaction rates in a chondrule analog and maintain the Na value of the melt, experiments were designed where a Na-rich vapor could be maintained around the sample. A starting material with a melting point lower that typical chondrules was required to keep the logistics of working with Na volatilization from NaCl within the realm of feasibility. The Knippa basalt, a MgO-rich alkali olivine basalt with a melting temperature of 1325 +/- 5 C and a Na2O content of 3.05 wt%, was used as the chondrule analog. Experiments were conducted in a 1 atm, gas-mixing furnace with the fO2 controlled by a CO/CO2 gas mixture and fixed at the I-W buffer curve. To determine the extent of Na loss from the sample, initial experiments were conducted at high temperatures (1300 C - 1350 C) for duration of up to 72 h without a Na-rich vapor present. Almost all (up to 98%) Na was volatilized in runs of 72 h. Subsequent trials were conducted at 1330 C for 16 h in the presence of a Na-rich vapor, supplied by a NaCl-filled crucible placed in the bottom of the furnace. Succeeding Knudsen cell weight-loss mass-spectrometry analysis of NaCl determined the P(sub Na) for these experimental conditions to be in the 10(exp -6) atm range. This value is considered high for nebula conditions but is still plausible for non-canonical environments. In these trials the Na2O content of the glass was maintained or in some cases increased; Na2O values ranged from 2.62% wt to 4.37% wt. The Na content of chondrules may be controlled by the Na vapor pressure in the chondrule formation region. Most heating events capable

Human monoamine oxidase is inhibited by tobacco smoke: β-carboline alkaloids act as potent and reversible inhibitors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Herraiz, Tomas; Chaparro, Carolina

2005-01-01

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is a mitochondrial outer-membrane flavoenzyme involved in brain and peripheral oxidative catabolism of neurotransmitters and xenobiotic amines, including neurotoxic amines, and a well-known target for antidepressant and neuroprotective drugs. Recently, positron emission tomography imaging has shown that smokers have a much lower activity of peripheral and brain MAO-A (30%) and -B (40%) isozymes compared to non-smokers. This MAO inhibition results from a pharmacological effect of smoke, but little is known about its mechanism. Working with mainstream smoke collected from commercial cigarettes we confirmed that cigarette smoke is a potent inhibitor of human MAO-A and -B isozymes. MAO inhibition was partly reversible, competitive for MAO-A, and a mixed-type inhibition for MAO-B. Two β-carboline alkaloids, norharman (β-carboline) and harman (1-methyl-β-carboline), were identified by GC-MS, quantified, and isolated from the mainstream smoke by solid phase extraction and HPLC. Kinetics analysis revealed that β-carbolines from cigarette smoke were competitive, reversible, and potent inhibitors of MAO enzymes. Norharman was an inhibitor of MAO-A (K i = 1.2 ± 0.18 μM) and MAO-B (K i = 1.12 ± 0.19 μM), and harman of MAO-A (K i = 55.54 ± 5.3 nM). β-Carboline alkaloids are psychopharmacologically active compounds that may occur endogenously in human tissues, including the brain. These results suggest that β-carboline alkaloids from cigarette smoke acting as potent reversible inhibitors of MAO enzymes may contribute to the MAO-reduced activity produced by tobacco smoke in smokers. The presence of MAO inhibitors in smoke like β-carbolines and others may help us to understand some of the purported neuropharmacological effects associated with smoking

Radioenzymatic and immunhistochemical demonstration of mono-amine oxidase in different mammals with regard to degenerative disorders of the central nervous system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Konradi, C.

1987-05-01

Monoamine oxidase (MAO), an enzyme of the outer mitochondrial membrane, is involved in the degradation of biogenic amines. Its role in the metabolism of neurotransmitters in the brain like catecholamines and serotonin is of special importance. Pharmacological interests in neurological and psychiatric disorders require detailed investigations, especially through the discovery of two MAO-subtypes (MAO-A and MAO-B). Thus MAO-inhibitors offer the possibility of specific medical therapies. Activity of MAO-subtypes in several animal species and different tissues including human brain was determined biochemically via a radioenzymatic method. Examination was carried out for mode of action of both subtypes and response to several substrates and inhibitors. Aim was a survey about distinctive characteristics of MAO-A and MAO-B in one species as well as to others. Furthermore investigations about neuronal and glial distribution took place by histochemical and immuncyto-chemical methods. The histochemical method, which proofs the advantage to clear off pharmacological questions was carried out in the locus coeruleus of Meriones unguiculatus. Monoclonal antibodies against both MAO-subtypes were applied in the human brainstem and compared to polyclonal antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The most striking outcome was a lack of MAO in the neurons of substantia nigra, although TH-antibodies gave positive results. Hence questions remain open to explain the beneficial effect MAO-B-inhibitor l-deprenyl in dopamine-neuron degenerative disorders affecting substantia nigra. In particular the results require rethinking of the roles of MAO-A and MAO-B in human brain and the mode and site of action of drugs affecting their efficacy. Furthermore biochemical MAO-models in animals and their transferability to pharmacology in humans should be applied with limitations. This work is a further development of techniques applicable for human post mortem brain analysis. 152 refs., 21 figs

Síndrome das pernas inquietas com herança autossômica dominante piorada pelo uso de mirtazapina: relato de caso Worsening of autosomal dominant restless legs syndrome after use of mirtazapine: case report

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hélio A.G. Teive

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 78 anos, com diagnóstico estabelecido de síndrome das pernas inquietas (SPI, de etiologia primária com herança autossômica dominante. A paciente apresentava quadro depressivo associado. Enfatiza-se a piora do quadro clínico da SPI após o uso de anti-depressivo com ação inibidora seletiva da recaptação de serotonina (mirtazapina, com atenuação dos sintomas após a retirada da droga, e a excelente resposta terapêutica com o uso de agonista dopaminérgico (pramipexol em baixa dose.We report the case of a 78 years old female patient with primary restless legs syndrome (RLS with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. In addition, the patient also had depression. We emphasize the worsening of symptoms of RLS after the use of a selective serotonin uptake inhibitor (mirtazapine, with improvement after the drug was discontinued, and an excellent recovery with the use of low dose dopaminergic agonist (pramipexol.

Interactions of Desmethoxyyangonin, a Secondary Metabolite from Renealmia alpinia, with Human Monoamine Oxidase-A and Oxidase-B

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Narayan D. Chaurasiya

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Renealmia alpinia (Zingiberaceae, a medicinal plant of tropical rainforests, is used to treat snakebites and other injuries and also as a febrifuge, analgesic, antiemetic, antiulcer, and anticonvulsant. The dichloromethane extract of R. alpinia leaves showed potent inhibition of human monoamine oxidases- (MAOs- A and B. Phytochemical studies yielded six known compounds, including pinostrobin 1, 4′-methyl ether sakuranetin 2, sakuranetin 3, pinostrobin chalcone 4, yashabushidiol A 5, and desmethoxyyangonin 6. Compound 6 displayed about 30-fold higher affinity for MAO-B than MAO-A, with Ki values of 31 and 922 nM, respectively. Kinetic analysis of inhibition and equilibrium-dialysis dissociation assay of the enzyme-inhibitor complex showed reversible binding of desmethoxyyangonin 6 with MAO-A and MAO-B. The binding interactions of compound 6 in the active site of the MAO-A and MAO-B isoenzymes, investigated through molecular modeling algorithms, confirmed preferential binding of desmethoxyyangonin 6 with MAO-B compared to MAO-A. Selective reversible inhibitors of MAO-B, like desmethoxyyangonin 6, may have important therapeutic significance for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease.

Monoamine oxidase deficiency in males with an X chromosome deletion.

Science.gov (United States)

Sims, K B; de la Chapelle, A; Norio, R; Sankila, E M; Hsu, Y P; Rinehart, W B; Corey, T J; Ozelius, L; Powell, J F; Bruns, G

1989-01-01

Mapping of the human MAOA gene to chromosomal region Xp21-p11 prompted our study of two affected males in a family previously reported to have Norrie disease resulting from a submicroscopic deletion in this chromosomal region. In this investigation we demonstrate in these cousins deletion of the MAOA gene, undetectable levels of MAO-A and MAO-B activities in their fibroblasts and platelets, respectively, loss of mRNA for MAO-A in fibroblasts, and substantial alterations in urinary catecholamine metabolites. The present study documents that a marked deficiency of MAO activity is compatible with life and that genes for MAO-A and MAO-B are near each other in this Xp chromosomal region. Some of the clinical features of these MAO deletion patients may help to identify X-linked MAO deficiency diseases in humans.

Na/K pump inactivation, subsarcolemmal Na measurements, and cytoplasmic ion turnover kinetics contradict restricted Na spaces in murine cardiac myocytes.

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Fang-Min; Hilgemann, Donald W

2017-07-03

Decades ago, it was proposed that Na transport in cardiac myocytes is modulated by large changes in cytoplasmic Na concentration within restricted subsarcolemmal spaces. Here, we probe this hypothesis for Na/K pumps by generating constitutive transsarcolemmal Na flux with the Na channel opener veratridine in whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Using 25 mM Na in the patch pipette, pump currents decay strongly during continuous activation by extracellular K (τ, ∼2 s). In contradiction to depletion hypotheses, the decay becomes stronger when pump currents are decreased by hyperpolarization. Na channel currents are nearly unchanged by pump activity in these conditions, and conversely, continuous Na currents up to 0.5 nA in magnitude have negligible effects on pump currents. These outcomes are even more pronounced using 50 mM Li as a cytoplasmic Na congener. Thus, the Na/K pump current decay reflects mostly an inactivation mechanism that immobilizes Na/K pump charge movements, not cytoplasmic Na depletion. When channel currents are increased beyond 1 nA, models with unrestricted subsarcolemmal diffusion accurately predict current decay (τ ∼15 s) and reversal potential shifts observed for Na, Li, and K currents through Na channels opened by veratridine, as well as for Na, K, Cs, Li, and Cl currents recorded in nystatin-permeabilized myocytes. Ion concentrations in the pipette tip (i.e., access conductance) track without appreciable delay the current changes caused by sarcolemmal ion flux. Importantly, cytoplasmic mixing volumes, calculated from current decay kinetics, increase and decrease as expected with osmolarity changes (τ >30 s). Na/K pump current run-down over 20 min reflects a failure of pumps to recover from inactivation. Simulations reveal that pump inactivation coupled with Na-activated recovery enhances the rapidity and effectivity of Na homeostasis in cardiac myocytes. In conclusion, an autoregulatory mechanism enhances cardiac Na/K pump activity when

Desempenho do Pinus echinata na Região Central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Renato Schneider

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Neste trabalho, estudou-se o crescimento e a produção em povoamento de Pinus echinata Mill. O povoamento foi instalado em 1996 em espaçamento de 3,0 x 2,0 metros, no município de Boqueirão do Leão, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para o estudo, foram instaladas seis unidades amostrais, onde foram medidas e abatidas seis árvores de diâmetro médio e de altura dominante para análise de tronco. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a espécie apresenta bom potencial de crescimento em diâmetro, altura e volume. Aos 12 anos de idade, o povoamento apresentou um diâmetro médio de 18,4 cm, altura média de 12,6 m, altura dominante de 14,1 m, área basal de 42,3 m2.ha-1, volume total com casca de 248,2 m3.ha-1 e um incremento médio anual de 20,7 m3.ha-1.ano-1. Tais resultados iniciais indicam que a espécie apresenta potencial de crescimento e produção, podendo ser indicada para cultivo no estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

The effect of MAO processing time on surface properties and low temperature infrared emissivity of ceramic coating on aluminium 6061 alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Al Bosta, Mohannad M. S.; Ma, Keng-Jeng; Chien, Hsi-Hsin

2013-09-01

MAO ceramic coatings were prepared on aluminium 6061 surfaces at different treating durations (10, 20, ... 60 min), using alkali silicate electrolyte and pulsed bipolar current mode. The surface microstructures and properties were studied using SEM, XRD, EDX and a surface roughness tester. Image-Pro Plus and MATCH! softwares were used to analyze SEM micrographs and XRD results, respectively. The infrared emissivities of the ceramic coatings were measured at the 70 °C using FTIR spectrometer. We found a linear correlation between the volcano-like area and the surface roughness. The compositions and phases were associated with the volcano-like population and area. The curve of IR spectral emissivity was influenced by surface roughness, γ-alumina, sillimanite and cristobalite phases. The emissivity was enhanced by the surface roughness in the ranges 4.0-9.6 μm and 10.5-14.8 μm. In the range 7.0-8.0 μm, α-alumina and sillimanite phases enhanced the emissivity, while the cristobalite has a negative impact to the emissivity. A negative contributions were found for α-alumina in the region 9.6-16.0 μm and for the surface thickness in the region 15.0-16.0 μm. Overall, the average of long wave infrared (LWIR) emissivity ranged from 87.05% to 91.65%.

Do modified audit opinions have economic consequences? Empirical evidence based on financial constraints

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhiwei Lin

2011-09-01

Full Text Available We present a framework and empirical evidence to explain why, on average, 11% of listed firms in China received modified audit opinions (MAOs between 1992 and 2009. We argue that there are two reasons for this phenomenon: strong earnings management incentives lower firms’ financial reporting quality and soft budget constraints weaken the information and governance roles of audit opinions. We find that firms’ financial constraints eased after receiving MAOs, which suggests that MAOs have limited economic consequences. Further analysis shows that this phenomenon predominantly exists in government-controlled firms and firms that receive MAOs for the first time. We also find that MAOs have not influenced financial constraints after 2006. Finally, we find that MAOs did not affect borrowing cash flows from banks until 2005, suggesting that MAOs did not start affecting bank financing until that year. We also find that firms receive more related-party financing after receiving MAOs. Our results indicate that a limited effect on bank financing and increased related-party financing reduce the effect of MAOs on financial constraints.

Na+/Ca2+ exchange and Na+/K+-ATPase in the heart

Science.gov (United States)

Shattock, Michael J; Ottolia, Michela; Bers, Donald M; Blaustein, Mordecai P; Boguslavskyi, Andrii; Bossuyt, Julie; Bridge, John H B; Chen-Izu, Ye; Clancy, Colleen E; Edwards, Andrew; Goldhaber, Joshua; Kaplan, Jack; Lingrel, Jerry B; Pavlovic, Davor; Philipson, Kenneth; Sipido, Karin R; Xie, Zi-Jian

2015-01-01

This paper is the third in a series of reviews published in this issue resulting from the University of California Davis Cardiovascular Symposium 2014: Systems approach to understanding cardiac excitation–contraction coupling and arrhythmias: Na+ channel and Na+ transport. The goal of the symposium was to bring together experts in the field to discuss points of consensus and controversy on the topic of sodium in the heart. The present review focuses on cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchange (NCX) and Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA). While the relevance of Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiac function has been extensively investigated, the role of Na+ regulation in shaping heart function is often overlooked. Small changes in the cytoplasmic Na+ content have multiple effects on the heart by influencing intracellular Ca2+ and pH levels thereby modulating heart contractility. Therefore it is essential for heart cells to maintain Na+ homeostasis. Among the proteins that accomplish this task are the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) and the Na+/K+ pump (NKA). By transporting three Na+ ions into the cytoplasm in exchange for one Ca2+ moved out, NCX is one of the main Na+ influx mechanisms in cardiomyocytes. Acting in the opposite direction, NKA moves Na+ ions from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space against their gradient by utilizing the energy released from ATP hydrolysis. A fine balance between these two processes controls the net amount of intracellular Na+ and aberrations in either of these two systems can have a large impact on cardiac contractility. Due to the relevant role of these two proteins in Na+ homeostasis, the emphasis of this review is on recent developments regarding the cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) and Na+/K+ pump and the controversies that still persist in the field. PMID:25772291

毛泽东邓小平理论研究

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

2012-01-01

Certain Ideas of Mao Zedong on the Construction of Socialist Culture： Mao Zedong＇s Cultural Thought is an important part of Mao Zedong Thought, and Mao Zedong＇s thinking on the building socialist culture is an important aspect of Mao Zedong＇s Cultural Thought. In this paper, the author made a carding from seven aspects of Mao Zedong about socialist culture construction thoughts. Generally speaking, Mao Zedong about socialist culture construction thoughts constitutes a very complete system. Admittedly, the Party leadership once experienced major twists and turns in the leading process of cultural work, and even made a serious mistake. There is no doubt that the problems occurred in the cultural work, we must look at them squarely and seriously learn a lesson from them. However, we cannot accordingly deny many correct thoughts of Mao Zedong on socialist culture construction fundamentally.（SHA Jian-sun）

Plasma amine oxidase activities in Norrie disease patients with an X-chromosomal deletion affecting monoamine oxidase.

Science.gov (United States)

Murphy, D L; Sims, K B; Karoum, F; Garrick, N A; de la Chapelle, A; Sankila, E M; Norio, R; Breakefield, X O

1991-01-01

Two individuals with an X-chromosomal deletion were recently found to lack the genes encoding monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A) and MAO-B. This abnormality was associated with almost total (90%) reductions in the oxidatively deaminated urinary metabolites of the MAO-A substrate, norepinephrine, and with marked (100-fold) increases in an MAO-B substrate, phenylethylamine, confirming systemic functional consequences of the genetic enzyme deficiency. However, urinary concentrations of the deaminated metabolites of dopamine and serotonin (5-HT) were essentially normal. To investigate other deaminating systems besides MAO-A and MAO-B that might produce these metabolites of dopamine and 5-HT, we examined plasma amine oxidase (AO) activity in these two patients and two additional patients with the same X-chromosomal deletion. Normal plasma AO activity was found in all four Norrie disease-deletion patients, in four patients with classic Norrie disease without a chromosomal deletion, and in family members of patients from both groups. Marked plasma amine metabolite abnormalities and essentially absent platelet MAO-B activity were found in all four Norrie disease-deletion patients, but in none of the other subjects in the two comparison groups. These results indicate that plasma AO is encoded by gene(s) independent of those for MAO-A and MAO-B, and raise the possibility that plasma AO, and perhaps the closely related tissue AO, benzylamine oxidase, as well as other atypical AOs or MAOs encoded independently from MAO-A and MAO-B may contribute to the oxidative deamination of dopamine and 5-HT in humans.

Altered Na+ transport after an intracellular alpha-subunit deletion reveals strict external sequential release of Na+ from the Na/K pump.

Science.gov (United States)

Yaragatupalli, Siddhartha; Olivera, J Fernando; Gatto, Craig; Artigas, Pablo

2009-09-08

The Na/K pump actively exports 3 Na(+) in exchange for 2 K(+) across the plasmalemma of animal cells. As in other P-type ATPases, pump function is more effective when the relative affinity for transported ions is altered as the ion binding sites alternate between opposite sides of the membrane. Deletion of the five C-terminal residues from the alpha-subunit diminishes internal Na(+) (Na(i)(+)) affinity approximately 25-fold [Morth et al. (2007) Nature 450:1043-1049]. Because external Na(+) (Na(o)(+)) binding is voltage-dependent, we studied the reactions involving this process by using two-electrode and inside-out patch voltage clamp in normal and truncated (DeltaKESYY) Xenopus-alpha1 pumps expressed in oocytes. We observed that DeltaKESYY (i) decreased both Na(o)(+) and Na(i)(+) apparent affinities in the absence of K(o)(+), and (ii) did not affect apparent Na(o)(+) affinity at high K(o)(+). These results support a model of strict sequential external release of Na(+) ions, where the Na(+)-exclusive site releases Na(+) before the sites shared with K(+) and the DeltaKESYY deletion only reduces Na(o)(+) affinity at the shared sites. Moreover, at nonsaturating K(o)(+), DeltaKESYY induced an inward flow of Na(+) through Na/K pumps at negative potentials. Guanidinium(+) can also permeate truncated pumps, whereas N-methyl-D-glucamine cannot. Because guanidinium(o)(+) can also traverse normal Na/K pumps in the absence of both Na(o)(+) and K(o)(+) and can also inhibit Na/K pump currents in a Na(+)-like voltage-dependent manner, we conclude that the normal pathway transited by the first externally released Na(+) is large enough to accommodate guanidinium(+).

The monoamine oxidase inhibition properties of selected structural analogues of methylene blue

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Delport, Anzelle; Harvey, Brian H.; Petzer, Anél; Petzer, Jacobus P.

2017-01-01

The thionine dye, methylene blue (MB), is a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) A, a property that may, at least in part, mediate its antidepressant effects in humans and animals. The central inhibition of MAO-A by MB has also been linked to serotonin toxicity (ST) which may arise when MB is used in combination with serotonergic drugs. Structural analogues and the principal metabolite of MB, azure B, have also been reported to inhibit the MAO enzymes, with all compounds exhibiting specificity for the MAO-A isoform. To expand on the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of MAO inhibition by MB analogues, the present study investigates the human MAO inhibition properties of five MB analogues: neutral red, Nile blue, new methylene blue, cresyl violet and 1,9-dimethyl methylene blue. Similar to MB, these analogues also are specific MAO-A inhibitors with cresyl violet (IC 50 = 0.0037 μM), Nile blue (IC 50 = 0.0077 μM) and 1,9-dimethyl methylene blue (IC 50 = 0.018 μM) exhibiting higher potency inhibition compared to MB (IC 50 = 0.07 μM). Nile blue also represents a potent MAO-B inhibitor with an IC 50 value of 0.012 μM. From the results it may be concluded that non-thionine MB analogues (e.g. cresyl violet and Nile blue) also may exhibit potent MAO inhibition, a property which should be considered when using these compounds in pharmacological studies. Benzophenoxazines such as cresyl violet and Nile blue are, similar to phenothiazines (e.g. MB), representative of high potency MAO-A inhibitors with a potential risk of ST. - Highlights: • MB analogues, cresyl violet and Nile blue, are high potency MAO-A inhibitors. • Nile blue also represents a potent MAO-B inhibitor. • Potent MAO-A inhibition should alert to potential serotonin toxicity.

Surface characterization and corrosion behavior of micro-arc oxidized Ti surface modified with hydrothermal treatment and chitosan coating

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neupane, Madhav Prasad; Park, Il Song; Lee, Min Ho

2014-01-01

In the present work, we describe the surface modification of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) by a composite/multilayer coating approach for biomedical applications. CP-Ti samples were treated by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and subsequently some of the samples were coated with chitosan (Chi) by dip coating method, while others were subjected to hydrothermal treatment (HT) followed by chitosan coating. The MAO, MAO/Chi, and MAO/HT/Chi coated Ti were characterized and their characteristics were compared with CP-Ti. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to assess the structural and morphological characteristics. The average surface roughness was determined using a surface profilometer. The corrosion resistance of untreated and surface modified Ti in commercial saline at 298 K was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization test. The results indicated that the chitosan coating is very well integrated with the MAO and MAO/HT coating by physically interlocking itself with the coated layer and almost sealed all the pores. The surface roughness of hydrothermally treated and chitosan coated MAO film was superior evidently to that with other sample groups. The corrosion studies demonstrated that the MAO, hydrothermally treated and chitosan coated sample enhanced the corrosion resistance of titanium. The result indicates that fabrication of hydrothermally treated MAO surface coatings with chitosan is a significant approach to protect the titanium from corrosion, hence enhancing the potential use of titanium as bio-implants. - Highlights: • Micro-arc oxidized (MAO) and hydrothermally treated (HT) Ti surfaces are coated with chitosan (Chi). • The MAO/HT/Chi surface exhibits pores sealing and enhanced the surface roughness. • The MAO/HT/Chi surface significantly increase the corrosion resistance. • The MAO/HT/Chi can be a potential surface of titanium for bio-implants

The monoamine oxidase inhibition properties of selected structural analogues of methylene blue

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Delport, Anzelle [Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520 (South Africa); Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520 (South Africa); Harvey, Brian H. [Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520 (South Africa); Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520 (South Africa); Petzer, Anél [Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520 (South Africa); Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520 (South Africa); Petzer, Jacobus P., E-mail: jacques.petzer@nwu.ac.za [Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520 (South Africa); Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520 (South Africa)

2017-06-15

The thionine dye, methylene blue (MB), is a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) A, a property that may, at least in part, mediate its antidepressant effects in humans and animals. The central inhibition of MAO-A by MB has also been linked to serotonin toxicity (ST) which may arise when MB is used in combination with serotonergic drugs. Structural analogues and the principal metabolite of MB, azure B, have also been reported to inhibit the MAO enzymes, with all compounds exhibiting specificity for the MAO-A isoform. To expand on the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of MAO inhibition by MB analogues, the present study investigates the human MAO inhibition properties of five MB analogues: neutral red, Nile blue, new methylene blue, cresyl violet and 1,9-dimethyl methylene blue. Similar to MB, these analogues also are specific MAO-A inhibitors with cresyl violet (IC{sub 50} = 0.0037 μM), Nile blue (IC{sub 50} = 0.0077 μM) and 1,9-dimethyl methylene blue (IC{sub 50} = 0.018 μM) exhibiting higher potency inhibition compared to MB (IC{sub 50} = 0.07 μM). Nile blue also represents a potent MAO-B inhibitor with an IC{sub 50} value of 0.012 μM. From the results it may be concluded that non-thionine MB analogues (e.g. cresyl violet and Nile blue) also may exhibit potent MAO inhibition, a property which should be considered when using these compounds in pharmacological studies. Benzophenoxazines such as cresyl violet and Nile blue are, similar to phenothiazines (e.g. MB), representative of high potency MAO-A inhibitors with a potential risk of ST. - Highlights: • MB analogues, cresyl violet and Nile blue, are high potency MAO-A inhibitors. • Nile blue also represents a potent MAO-B inhibitor. • Potent MAO-A inhibition should alert to potential serotonin toxicity.

Preparation and Properties of Microarc Oxidation Self-Lubricating Composite Coatings on Aluminum Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhenwei Li

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Microarc oxidation (MAO coatings were prepared on 2024-T4 aluminum alloy using pulsed bipolar power supply at different cathode current densities. The MAO ceramic coatings contained many crater-like micropores and a small number of microcracks. After the MAO coatings were formed, the coated samples were immersed into a water-based Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE dispersion. The micropores and microcracks on the surface of the MAO coatings were filled with PTFE dispersion for preparing MAO self-lubricating composite coatings. The microstructure and properties of MAO coatings and the wear resistance of microarc oxidation self-lubricating composite coatings were analyzed by SEM, laser confocal microscope, X-ray diffractometry (XRD, Vickers hardness test, scratch test and ball-on-disc abrasive tests, respectively. The results revealed that the wear rates of the MAO coatings decreased significantly with an increase in cathode current density. Compared to the MAO coatings, the microarc oxidation self-lubricating composite coatings exhibited a lower friction coefficient and lower wear rates.

A sensitive two-photon probe to selectively detect monoamine oxidase B activity in Parkinson’s disease models

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Lin; Zhang, Cheng-Wu; Chen, Grace Y. J.; Zhu, Biwei; Chai, Chou; Xu, Qing-Hua; Tan, Eng-King; Zhu, Qing; Lim, Kah-Leong; Yao, Shao Q.

2014-02-01

The unusually high MAO-B activity consistently observed in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients has been proposed as a biomarker; however, this has not been realized due to the lack of probes suitable for MAO-B-specific detection in live cells/tissues. Here we report the first two-photon, small molecule fluorogenic probe (U1) that enables highly sensitive/specific and real-time imaging of endogenous MAO-B activities across biological samples. We also used U1 to confirm the reported inverse relationship between parkin and MAO-B in PD models. With no apparent toxicity, U1 may be used to monitor MAO-B activities in small animals during disease development. In clinical samples, we find elevated MAO-B activities only in B lymphocytes (not in fibroblasts), hinting that MAO-B activity in peripheral blood cells might be an accessible biomarker for rapid detection of PD. Our results provide important starting points for using small molecule imaging techniques to explore MAO-B at the organism level.

Avaliação isocinética em atletas da seleção brasileira de futebol de 5

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Felipe Castelli Correia de Campos

2015-06-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A força muscular (FM dos membros inferiores é um dos principais componentes exigidos para as ações específicas durante a prática do futebol de 5 e, quando apresentam níveis insuficientes, desequilíbrios bilaterais elevados ou acentuada diferença na razão agonista/antagonista (RAA são fatores que contribuem para o desenvolvimento de lesões musculoesqueléticas. OBJETIVO: A proposta deste estudo foi avaliar os níveis de torque máximo, a diferença bilateral na produção de força e a razão convencional das musculaturas flexoras e extensoras do joelho em diferentes velocidades de execução. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 11 atletas deficientes visuais. Os atletas foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica para determinação da composição corporal e submetidos à avaliação com dinamômetro isocinético para a mensuração dos níveis de desequilíbrio muscular e razão convencional. RESULTADOS: Nos movimentos concêntricos da musculatura flexora foram observadas diferenças significativas no pico de torque (PT entre os membros dominante (MD e não dominante (MND na velocidade de 60°.s-1 e 180°.s-1, no pico de torque normalizado (PTN a 60°.s-1 e na velocidade de 180°.s-1 para os músculos extensores. Na RAA, observou-se diferença significativa entre MD e MND, e níveis aceitáveis de RAA em ambas as pernas, de acordo com o proposto para o futebol convencional. CONCLUSÃO: Espera-se que os resultados do presente estudo possam contribuir para os processos de prevenção, treinamento e reabilitação de atleta de futebol de 5, como também, servirem como parâmetros para futuros estudos.

Specific genetic deficiencies of the A and B isoenzymes of monoamine oxidase are characterized by distinct neurochemical and clinical phenotypes

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lenders, J. W.; Eisenhofer, G.; Abeling, N. G.; Berger, W.; Murphy, D. L.; Konings, C. H.; Wagemakers, L. M.; Kopin, I. J.; Karoum, F.; van Gennip, A. H.; Brunner, H. G.

1996-01-01

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) exists as two isoenzymes and plays a central role in the metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters. In this study we compared the neurochemical phenotypes of previously described subjects with genetically determined selective lack of MAO-A or a lack of both MAO-A and MAO-B

Effects of micro arc oxidation on fatigue limits and fracture morphologies of 7475 high strength aluminum alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dejun, Kong, E-mail: kong-dejun@163.com [College of Mechanical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164 (China); Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials Surface Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164 (China); Hao, Liu; Jinchun, Wang [College of Mechanical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164 (China)

2015-11-25

The oxide coatings with thicknesses of 8 μm, 10 μm, and 15 μm were prepared on 7475 aluminum alloy with micro arc oxidation (MAO) by controlling MAO time, the fatigue limits of original and MAO samples were contrastively measured by the Roccati method. The surface-interface morphologies, fracture morphologies, surface phases, and residual stresses of MAO coating were analyzed with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and XRD stress tester, respectively. The results show that fatigue limits of the MAO samples decreases as the coating thickness increasing. The fatigue limit of MAO sample with thickness of 8 μm, 10 μm, and 15 μm decreases by 6.48%, 8.33%, and 11.11%, respectively, compared with the original sample. The residual stress and defects introduced by MAO were the main factors of decreasing fatigue limits. - Graphical abstract: The fatigue limit of original sample was 216 MPa (a), while that of MAO samples with thickness of 8 μm, 10 μm and 15 μm was 202 MPa, 198 MPa and 192 MPa (b). The fatigue limit of MAO samples with thickness of 8 μm, 10 μm and 15 μm decreased by 6.48%, 8.33% and 11.11% compared with that of the original sample, as a result, the fatigue limit decreased with the MAO film thickness increasing. - Highlights: • The fatigue limits of MAO samples decrease with the oxide thickness increasing. • The overgrowth regions cause the crack source expanding. • The overgrowth of MAO film and tensile residual stress decrease fatigue limit.

Estado e políticas sociais: a hegemonia burguesa e as formas contemporâneas de dominação

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivete Simionatto

2014-06-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1414-49802014000100007 A partir de uma pesquisa teórica, o artigo reconstrói as categorias gramscianas hegemonia, aparelhos privados de hegemonia e ideologia na obra de Antonio Gramsci, especialmente nos Cadernos do cárcere, valendo-se das mesmas para analisar, por meio de pesquisa documental, as atuais estratégias ideológicas das classes dominantes no fortalecimento de sua hegemonia, na refuncionalização do Estado e na condução das políticas sociais. As principais conclusões evidenciam como os governos brasileiros da era petista, apoiados em um conjunto de crenças e valores emanados da ideologia neoliberal, mantêm sua hegemonia através do consenso das classes subalternas e do apoio da classe burguesa.

Active transport of Na+ by reconstituted Na,K-ATPase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boldyrev, A.A.; Svinukhova, I.A.

1987-01-01

The ability of ATP, CTP, ITP, GTP, and UTP to support ouabain-sensitive accumulation of Na + by proteoliposomes with a reconstituted Na/K-pump was investigated. At a low [Na + ]/[K + ] ratio in the medium (20 mM/50 mM), a correlation is observed between the proton-accepting capacity of the nucleotide and its effectiveness as a substrate of active transport. To test the hypothesis of the importance of the presence of a negative charge in the 1-position of the purine (3-pyrimidine) base of the nucleotide for mutual transitions between the Na- and K-conformations of Na,K-ATPase they used two analogs of ATP: N 1 -hydroxy-ATP, possessing proton acceptor capacity, and N 1 -methoxy-ATP, in the molecule of which the negative charge is quenched by a methyl group. The first substrate supports active accumulation of Na + in proteoliposomes at the same rate as ATP, whereas the second substrate is relatively ineffective

Crystallization analysis fractionation of poly(ethylene-co-styrene) produced by metallocene catalysts

KAUST Repository

Kamal, Muhammad Shahzad

2013-06-06

Ethylene homo polymer and ethylene-styrene copolymers were synthesized using Cp2ZrCl2 (1)/methyl aluminoxane (MAO) and rac-silylene-bis (indenyl) zirconium dichloride (2)/MAO catalyst systems by varying styrene concentration and reaction conditions. Crystallization analysis fractionation (CRYSTAF), DSC, FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy were used for characterizing the synthesized polymers. Interestingly, styrene was able to increase the activity of 1/MAO and 2/MAO catalyst systems at low concentrations, but at higher concentrations the activity decreases. The 1/MAO system at low and high pressure was unable to incorporate styrene, and the final product was pure polyethylene. On the other hand, with 2/MAO polymerization of ethylene and styrene yielded copolymer containing both styrene and ethylene. Results obtained from CRYSTAF and DSC reveal that on using 1/MAO system at high pressure, the resulting polymer in the presence of styrene has similar crystallinity as the polymer produced without styrene. Using both 1/MAO at low pressure and 2/MAO leads to decrease in crystallinity with increase in styrene concentration, even though the former does not incorporate styrene. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Investigation on U - O - Na, Pu - O - Na and U,Pu - O - Na phase diagrams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pillon, S.

1989-03-01

The thermochemical interaction between the nuclear fuel (uranium and plutonium mixed oxides) and the sodium has been investigated and particularly the three phase diagrams: U - O - Na; Pu - O - Na; U,Pu - O - Na. High temperature neutron diffraction, microcalorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction were used for the characterization of the compounds synthetized. This study allowed to complete the knowledge about each of these diagrams and to measure some physical and thermal properties on the compounds. The limits on the modelization of the fuel-sodium interaction are discussed from the results of the UO 2 - Na reaction [fr

Monoamine oxidase B is elevated in Alzheimer disease neurons, is associated with γ-secretase and regulates neuronal amyloid β-peptide levels.

Science.gov (United States)

Schedin-Weiss, Sophia; Inoue, Mitsuhiro; Hromadkova, Lenka; Teranishi, Yasuhiro; Yamamoto, Natsuko Goto; Wiehager, Birgitta; Bogdanovic, Nenad; Winblad, Bengt; Sandebring-Matton, Anna; Frykman, Susanne; Tjernberg, Lars O

2017-08-01

Increased levels of the pathogenic amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), released from its precursor by the transmembrane protease γ-secretase, are found in Alzheimer disease (AD) brains. Interestingly, monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) activity is also increased in AD brain, but its role in AD pathogenesis is not known. Recent neuroimaging studies have shown that the increased MAO-B expression in AD brain starts several years before the onset of the disease. Here, we show a potential connection between MAO-B, γ-secretase and Aβ in neurons. MAO-B immunohistochemistry was performed on postmortem human brain. Affinity purification of γ-secretase followed by mass spectrometry was used for unbiased identification of γ-secretase-associated proteins. The association of MAO-B with γ-secretase was studied by coimmunoprecipitation from brain homogenate, and by in-situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) in neurons as well as mouse and human brain sections. The effect of MAO-B on Aβ production and Notch processing in cell cultures was analyzed by siRNA silencing or overexpression experiments followed by ELISA, western blot or FRET analysis. Methodology for measuring relative intraneuronal MAO-B and Aβ42 levels in single cells was developed by combining immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy with quantitative image analysis. Immunohistochemistry revealed MAO-B staining in neurons in the frontal cortex, hippocampus CA1 and entorhinal cortex in postmortem human brain. Interestingly, the neuronal staining intensity was higher in AD brain than in control brain in these regions. Mass spectrometric data from affinity purified γ-secretase suggested that MAO-B is a γ-secretase-associated protein, which was confirmed by immunoprecipitation and PLA, and a neuronal location of the interaction was shown. Strikingly, intraneuronal Aβ42 levels correlated with MAO-B levels, and siRNA silencing of MAO-B resulted in significantly reduced levels of intraneuronal Aβ42. Furthermore, overexpression of

Measurement of exchangeable sodium: 22Na or 24Na

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, T.; Edmonds, C.J.

1987-01-01

A case is made for the use of 22 Na in low activities in preference to 24 Na for routine diagnostic estimation of exchangeable sodium, and is based chiefly on considerations of availability, cost and radiation dosimetry. A method in which only 37 kBq (1 μCi) 22 Na is administered orally is shown to be sufficiently accurate and to possess distinct advantages in terms of cost and convenience with a committed radiation dose no greater than that for a measurement using 24 Na. (author)

Suppression of Na interstitials in Na-F codoped ZnO

Science.gov (United States)

Huo, Wenxing; Mei, Zengxia; Tang, Aihua; Liang, Huili; Du, Xiaolong

2018-04-01

Controlling the formation of interstitial Na (Nai) self-compensating defects has been a long-term physics problem for effective Na doping in ZnO. Herein, we present an experimental approach to the suppression of Nai defects in ZnO via Na and F codoping under an oxygen-rich condition during the molecular beam epitaxy growth process. It is found that the incorporation of such large numbers of Na and F dopants (˜1020 cm-3) does not cause an obvious influence on the lattice parameters. Hall-effect measurements demonstrate that F doping efficiently raises the Fermi level (EF) of ZnO films, which is expected to make the formation energy of Nai and NaZn increase and decrease, respectively. Most of the Na atoms occupy the substitutional Zn sites, and the formation of Nai is suppressed consequently. Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements reveal that F and Na atoms are tightly bonded together due to their strong Coulomb interaction. The enhanced deep level emission (DLE) in ZnO:Na-F is ascribed to the considerable amount of isolated Zn vacancy (VZn) defects induced by the elevated EF and the formation of neutral (" separators="| FO + - Na Zn - ) 0 complexes. On the other hand, formation of (" separators="| FO + - VZn 2 - ) - complexes in ZnO:F exhausts most of the isolated Zn vacancies, leading to the disappearance of the DLE band.

Inactivation of purified human recombinant monoamine oxidases A and B by rasagiline and its analogues.

Science.gov (United States)

Hubálek, Frantisek; Binda, Claudia; Li, Min; Herzig, Yaacov; Sterling, Jeffrey; Youdim, Moussa B H; Mattevi, Andrea; Edmondson, Dale E

2004-03-25

The inactivation of purified human recombinant monoamine oxidases (MAO) A and B by rasagiline [N-propargyl-1(R)-aminoindan] and four of its analogues [N-propargyl-1(S)-aminoindan (S-PAI), 6-hydroxy-N-propargyl-1(R)-aminoindan (R-HPAI), N-methyl-N-propargyl-1(R)-aminoindan (R-MPAI), and 6-(N-methyl-N-ethyl carbamoyloxy)-N-propargyl-1(R)-aminoindan (R-CPAI)] has been investigated. All compounds tested, with the exception of R-CPAI, form stoichiometric N(5) flavocyanine adducts with the FAD moiety of either enzyme. No H(2)O(2) is produced during either MAO A or MAO B inactivation, which demonstrates that covalent addition occurs in a single turnover. Rasagiline has the highest specificity for MAO B, as demonstrated by a 100-fold higher inhibition potency (k(inact)/K(i)) compared to MAO A, with the remaining compounds exhibiting lower isozyme specificities. MAO B and MAO A are more selective for the R-enantiomer (rasagiline) compared to the S-enantiomer (S-PAI) by 2500-fold and 17-fold, respectively. Differences in UV/vis and CD spectral data of the complexes of the studied compounds with both MAO A and MAO B are interpreted in light of crystallographic data of complexes of MAO B with rasagiline and its analogues (Binda, C.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2004, 47, 1767-1774.

OGLAŠEVANJE NA DRUŽBENIH OMREŽJIH NA PRIMERU FACEBOOKA

OpenAIRE

Novak, Martina

2012-01-01

V diplomskem delu obravnavamo družbene medije kot novo priložnost za promocijo in oglaševanje podjetij. Spoznali smo družbena omrežja na splošno in nekaj teh, ki jih uporabljamo tudi v Sloveniji na kratko predstavili. Podrobneje smo se osredotočili na družbeno omrežje Facebook, predvsem na samo spletno stran, njen izgled in storitve, ki jih ponuja uporabnikom. V nalogi je podrobneje opisan Facebook kot orodje za uporabo oglaševanja. Spoznali smo brezplačne in plačljive načine promocije in ogl...

Na+,K+-ATPase Na+ affinity in rat skeletal muscle fiber types

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kristensen, Michael; Juel, Carsten

2010-01-01

Previous studies in expression systems have found different ion activation of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase isozymes, which suggest that different muscles have different ion affinities. The rate of ATP hydrolysis was used to quantify Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity, and the Na(+) affinity of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase...

Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation of 2-heteroarylidene-1-tetralone Derivatives as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors.

Science.gov (United States)

Amakali, Klaudia T; Legoabe, Lesetja J; Petzer, Anél; Petzer, Jacobus P

2018-05-14

The present study investigates the human monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition properties of a series of twelve 2-heteroarylidene-1-tetralone derivatives. Also included are related cyclohexylmethylidene, cyclopentylmethylidene and benzylidene substituted 1-tetralones. These compounds are related to the 2-benzylidene-1-indanone class of compounds which has previously been shown to inhibit the MAOs, with specificity for the MAO-B isoform. The target compounds were synthesised by the Claisen-Schmidt condensation between 7-methoxy-1-tetralone or 1-tetralone, and various aldehydes, under acid (hydrochloric acid) or base (potassium hydroxide) catalysis. The results of the MAO inhibition studies showed that the 2-heteroarylidene-1-tetralone and related derivatives are in most instances more selective inhibitors of the MAO-B isoform compared to MAO-A. (2E)-2-Benzylidene-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2 H)-one (IC 50 =0.707 μM) was found to be the most potent MAO-B inhibitor, while the most potent MAO-A inhibitor was (2E)-2-[(2-chloropyridin-3-yl)methylidene]-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2 H)-one (IC 50 =1.37 μM). The effect of the heteroaromatic substituent on MAO-B inhibition activity, in decreasing order was found to be: cyclohexyl, phenyl>thiophene>pyridine, furane, pyrrole, cyclopentyl. This study concludes that, although some 2-heteroarylidene-1-tetralone derivatives are good potency MAO inhibitors, in general their inhibition potencies, particularly for MAO-B, are lower than structurally related chalcones and 1-indanone derivatives that were previously studied. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Nueva mutación heterocigota en el gen de la proteína regulatoria aguda de la esteroideogénesis (StAR en un paciente 46,XY con hiperplasia adrenal congénita lipoidea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Sonia Baquedano

2013-08-01

Full Text Available StAR forma parte del complejo multiproteico transduceosoma, encargado del transporte de colesterol y que facilita su entrada a la mitocondria. Mutaciones recesivas en el gen STAR causan formas clásicas y no clásicas de hiperplasia adrenal congénita lipoidea. Analizamos las consecuencias moleculares de una nueva mutación heterocigota en STAR en un paciente 46,XY con genitales ambiguos e insuficiencia adrenal. Hallamos un cambio heterocigota de novo, IVS1-2A>G, en el gen STAR y el polimorfismo heterocigota, pG146A, en SF1. No se detectaron mutaciones en los genes CYP11A1, FDX1 y FDXR, VDAC1 y TSPO. Por RT-PCR y secuenciación se observó un transcripto-exón2 y el transcripto normal (WT de StAR, a partir del ARN de tejido gonadal del paciente. Se detectó el precursor (37 kD y la proteína StAR madura (30 kD en células COS-7 transfectadas con el plásmido mutante y WT. Por inmunofluorescencia la observación de co-localización de la proteína mutante (p.G22_L59delStAR en mitocondrias fue casi nula. La actividad de p.G22_L59delStAR fue del 65% ± 13 respecto del WT. La co-transfección de los plásmidos p.G22_L59delStAR y WT redujo la actividad de WT en 62.0 ± 13.9%. La mutación IVS1-2A>G provocó la pérdida de los aminoácidos 22 a 59 en la secuencia mitocondrial N-terminal. Postulamos que ello conduciría a un plegamiento anormal de la proteína que alteraría su procesamiento y translocación. La proteína mutante p.G22_L59delStAR podría interferir con la acción de la proteína StAR WT bloqueando el complejo transduceosoma y causando una forma dominante de deficiencia de StAR, que explicaría el fenotipo clínico en heterocigosis.

Crystal structure of Na+, K(+)-ATPase in the Na(+)-bound state.

Science.gov (United States)

Nyblom, Maria; Poulsen, Hanne; Gourdon, Pontus; Reinhard, Linda; Andersson, Magnus; Lindahl, Erik; Fedosova, Natalya; Nissen, Poul

2013-10-04

The Na(+), K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) maintains the electrochemical gradients of Na(+) and K(+) across the plasma membrane--a prerequisite for electrical excitability and secondary transport. Hitherto, structural information has been limited to K(+)-bound or ouabain-blocked forms. We present the crystal structure of a Na(+)-bound Na(+), K(+)-ATPase as determined at 4.3 Å resolution. Compared with the K(+)-bound form, large conformational changes are observed in the α subunit whereas the β and γ subunit structures are maintained. The locations of the three Na(+) sites are indicated with the unique site III at the recently suggested IIIb, as further supported by electrophysiological studies on leak currents. Extracellular release of the third Na(+) from IIIb through IIIa, followed by exchange of Na(+) for K(+) at sites I and II, is suggested.

As conceções dos alunos do 1.º CEB sobre a origem das espécies/The conceptions of primary school students about the origin of species

OpenAIRE

Cavadas, Bento; Linhares, Elisabete; Silva, Filipa; Blindorro, Joana; Gomes, Mara; Clemente, Rita; Santos, Sara

2013-01-01

Póster apresentado no Workshop “Actively learning evolution: methods and resources” do XIV Congress of the European Society for Evolutionary Biology, realizado a 19 de agosto 2013 na Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa. Este estudo exploratório visou diagnosticar as perspetivas dominantes sobre a origem das espécies nos alunos do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (1.º CEB). Utilizou-se como instrumento de recolha de dados, desenhos elaborados por crianças, acompanhados por uma explica...

Methadone, monoamine oxidase, and depression: opioid distribution and acute effects on enzyme activity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaufmann, C.A.; Kreek, M.J.; Raghunath, J.; Arns, P.

1983-01-01

Narcotic withdrawal is often accompanied by an atypical depression which responds to resumption of narcotics. It was hypothesized that methadone might exert its antidepressant effects through monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition. The current study examined 3 H-methadone distribution in rat brain and effects on regional MAO activity with acute doses (2.5 mg/kg) which approximate those found during chronic methadone maintenance in man. Limbic areas (amygdala, basomedial hypothalamus, caudate-putamen, hippocampus, preoptic nucleus), as well as pituitary and liver were assayed for MAO activity and methadone concentration. MAO activities did not differ significantly in acute methadone or saline-treated cage-mates at 1 or 24 hr. The concentrations of methadone at 1 hr ranged between 17 and 223 ng/100 mg wet wt tissue in the preoptic nucleus and pituitary, respectively. No significant correlation was found between change in MAO activity (MAO methadone/MAO saline) and methadone concentration in any region at 1 or 24 hr. This study does not support the hypothesis that methadone acts as an antidepressant through MAO inhibition, at least not following acute administration of this exogenous opioid

Visualization of monoamine oxidase in human brain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fowler, J.S.; Volkow, N.D.; Wang, G.J.; Pappas, N.; Shea, C.; MacGregor, R.R.; Logan, J.

1996-12-31

Monoamine oxidase is a flavin enzyme which exists in two subtypes, MAO A and MAO B. In human brain MAO B predominates and is largely compartmentalized in cell bodies of serotonergic neurons and glia. Regional distribution of MAO B was determined by positron computed tomography with volunteers after the administration of deuterium substituted [11C]L-deprenyl. The basal ganglia and thalamus exhibited the greatest concentrations of MAO B with intermediate levels in the frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus while lowest levels were observed in the parietal and temporal cortices and cerebellum. We observed that brain MAO B increases with are in health normal subjects, however the increases were generally smaller than those revealed with post-mortem studies.

Monoamine Oxidase A in Antisocial Personality Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder.

Science.gov (United States)

Kolla, Nathan J; Vinette, Sarah A

2017-01-01

Variation in the monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) gene and MAO-A enzyme levels have been linked to antisocial behavior and aggression in clinical and non-clinical populations. Here, we provide an overview of the genetic, epigenetic, and neuroimaging research that has examined MAO-A structure and function in antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). The low-activity MAO-A variable nucleotide tandem repeat genetic polymorphism has shown a robust association with large samples of violent and seriously violent offenders, many of whom had ASPD. A recent positron emission tomography (PET) study of ASPD similarly revealed low MAO-A density in brain regions thought to contribute to the psychopathology of the condition. By contrast, PET has also demonstrated that brain MAO-A levels are increased in BPD and that they relate to symptoms of low mood and suicidality. Candidate gene studies have produced the most compelling evidence connecting MAO-A genetic variants to both ASPD and BPD. Still, conflicting results abound in the literature, making it highly unlikely that ASPD or BPD is related to a specific MAO-A genetic variant. Future research should strive to examine how MAO-A genotypes interact with broad-spectrum environmental influences to produce brain endophenotypes that may ultimately become tractable targets for novel treatment strategies.

Comparação dos algoritmos delineação rápida em cadeia e seriação, para a construção de mapas genéticos Comparison of algorithms rapid chain delineation and seriation, for the construction of genetic linkage maps

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcelo Mollinari

2008-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência, na construção de mapas genéticos, dos algoritmos seriação e delineação rápida em cadeia, além dos critérios para avaliação de ordens: produto mínimo das frações de recombinação adjacentes, soma mínima das frações de recombinação adjacentes e soma máxima dos LOD Scores adjacentes, quando usados com o algoritmo de verificação de erros " ripple" . Foi simulado um mapa com 24 marcadores, posicionados aleatoriamente a distâncias variadas, com média 10 cM. Por meio do método Monte Carlo, foram obtidas 1.000 populações de retrocruzamento e 1.000 populações F2, com 200 indivíduos cada, e diferentes combinações de marcadores dominantes e co-dominantes (100% co-dominantes, 100% dominantes e mistura com 50% co-dominantes e 50% dominantes. Foi, também, simulada a perda de 25, 50 e 75% dos dados. Observou-se que os dois algoritmos avaliados tiveram desempenho semelhante e foram sensíveis à presença de dados perdidos e à presença de marcadores dominantes; esta última dificultou a obtenção de estimativas com boa acurácia, tanto da ordem quanto da distância. Além disso, observou-se que o algoritmo " ripple" geralmente aumenta o número de ordens corretas e pode ser combinado com os critérios soma mínima das frações de recombinação adjacentes e produto mínimo das frações de recombinação adjacentes.The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency for the construction of genetic linkage maps of the algorithms seriation and rapid chain delineation, as well as the criteria: product of adjacent recombination fractions, sum of adjacent recombination fractions, and sum of adjacent LOD Scores, used with the ripple algorithm. A genetic linkage map was simulated containing 24 markers with random distances between them, with an average of 10 cM. Using the Monte Carlo method, 1,000 backcross populations and 1,000 F2 populations were simulated. The

Lower Monoamine Oxidase-A Total Distribution Volume in Impulsive and Violent Male Offenders with Antisocial Personality Disorder and High Psychopathic Traits: An [(11)C] Harmine Positron Emission Tomography Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Kolla, Nathan J; Matthews, Brittany; Wilson, Alan A; Houle, Sylvain; Bagby, R Michael; Links, Paul; Simpson, Alexander I; Hussain, Amina; Meyer, Jeffrey H

2015-10-01

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) often presents with highly impulsive, violent behavior, and pathological changes in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and ventral striatum (VS) are implicated. Several compelling reasons support a relationship between low monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), an enzyme that regulates neurotransmitters, and ASPD. These include MAO-A knockout models in rodents evidencing impulsive aggression and positron emission tomography (PET) studies of healthy subjects reporting associations between low brain MAO-A levels and greater impulsivity or aggression. However, a fundamental gap in the literature is that it is unknown whether brain MAO-A levels are low in more severe, clinical disorders of impulsivity, such as ASPD. To address this issue, we applied [(11)C] harmine PET to measure MAO-A total distribution volume (MAO-A VT), an index of MAO-A density, in 18 male ASPD participants and 18 age- and sex-matched controls. OFC and VS MAO-A VT were lower in ASPD compared with controls (multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA): F2,33=6.8, P=0.003; OFC and VS MAO-A VT each lower by 19%). Similar effects were observed in other brain regions: prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, dorsal putamen, thalamus, hippocampus, and midbrain (MANOVA: F7,28=2.7, P=0.029). In ASPD, VS MAO-A VT was consistently negatively correlated with self-report and behavioral measures of impulsivity (r=-0.50 to -0.52, all P-valuesdisorder marked by pathological aggression and impulsivity.

A study of monoamine oxidase activity in fetal membranes.

Science.gov (United States)

Sekizawa, A; Ishikawa, H; Morimoto, T; Hirose, K; Suzuki, A; Saito, H; Yanaihara, T; Arai, Y; Oguchi, K

1996-05-01

To study the role of decidual monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and -B activities before delivery, the relationship between MAO activity in fetal membranes and catecholamine (CA) concentration in amniotic fluid (AF) was determined. Fetal membranes and AF were obtained at the time of elective Cesarean section (CS group, n = 11) and Cesarean section due to fetal distress without labor pains (FD group, n = 5). MAO-A and -B activities were radiometrically measured using 14C-5-hydroxytriptamine for MAO-A substrate and 14C-benzylamine for MAO-B substrate. CA concentrations in AF were measured by high performance liquid chromatograph with an electro-chemical detector. Both MAO-A and -B activities in decidua obtained from CS were significantly lower than those obtained from FD. Both norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EP) concentrations were significantly lower in the CS group than the FD group. A significant positive correlation between decidual MAO-A activity and NE concentration in AF was observed. No significant correlation was observed between MAO-B activity and the concentration of NE in AF. There was no correlation between EP concentrations and MAO activities. These results suggest that CA concentration in AF may be related to the activity of MAO in fetal membranes, determined by certain physiological processes during pregnancy. It has been suggested that metabolism of monoamines in fetal membranes also plays an important role in reducing monoamine influx into maternal myometrium from the AF.

Synthesis and evaluation of 2-benzylidene-1-tetralone derivatives for monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Amakali, Klaudia T; Legoabe, Lesetja Jan; Petzer, Anel; Petzer, Jacobus P

2018-05-01

Chalcone has been identified as a promising lead for the design of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. This study attempted to discover potent and selective chalcone-derived MAO inhibitors by synthesising a series consisting of various cyclic chalcone derivatives. The cyclic chalcones were selected based on the possibility that their restricted structures would confer a higher degree of MAO isoform selectivity, and included the following chemical classes: 1-indanone, 1-tetralone, 1-benzosuberone, chromone, thiochromone, 4-chromanone and 4-thiochromanone. The results showed that the cyclic chalcones are in general good potency, and in most instances specific inhibitors of the human MAO-B isoform. Among these compounds, the 4-chromanone derivative was the most potent MAO-B inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.156 µM. To further investigate the MAO inhibition of cyclic chalcones, a series of twenty-three 2-benzylidene-1-tetralone derivatives were synthesised and evaluated as MAO inhibitors. Most 2-benzylidene-1-tetralones possess good inhibitory activity and specificity for MAO-B with the most potent inhibitor displaying an IC50 value of 0.0064 µM, while the most potent MAO-A inhibitor possessed an IC50 value of 0.754 µM. This study thus shows that certain cyclic chalcones are human MAO-B inhibitors, compounds that could be suitable for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

Meltability in system of K2TaF7-NaF-NaCl-KCl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kartsev, V.E.; Kovalev, F.V.; Korshunov, B.G.

1975-01-01

Thermographic and visual-polythermal techniques were used to study the meltability in K 2 TaF 7 -NaF-NaCl-KCl system. The tetrahedron-forming sections NaF-NaCl-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl and NaF-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl-2K 2 TaF 7 xNaCl divide the concentration tetrahedron into three particular tetrahedra: NaF-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl-2K 2 TaF 7 xNaCl-K 2 TaF 7 , NaF-NaCl-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl-2K 2 TaF 7 xaCl, and NaF-NaCl-KCl-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl. Non-variant equilibrium points in all of the particular four-component systems have been determined

Ideologia e Mito em José María Arguedas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ligia Martins Andrade

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Este artigo pretende observar a relação entre ideologia e mito na obra do escritor peruano José María Arguedas à luz da obra de José Carlos Mariátegui. A incorporação do mito no discurso literário é um projeto político-artístico presente tanto na crítica quanto na obra dos escritores, como analisado por Ángel Rama e Antonio Candido, o que instituiu certa epistemologia dominante no discurso crítico latino-americano. Pretende-se explorar, a partir da perspectiva de uma Crítica da Subalternidade e dos Estudos Pós-coloniais, esta relação entre o mito, o subdesenvolvimento e a ideologia na literatura, procurando observar se esta mesma relação opera na base de uma possível “cilada epistemológica” da produção crítica e cultural latino-americanas com implicações nas narrativas produzidas e no projeto hermenêutico do Continente.

Norrie disease gene is distinct from the monoamine oxidase genes

OpenAIRE

Sims, Katherine B.; Ozelius, Laurie; Corey, Timothy; Rinehart, William B.; Liberfarb, Ruth; Haines, Jonathan; Chen, Wei Jane; Norio, Reijo; Sankila, Eeva; de la Chapelle, Albert; Murphy, Dennis L.; Gusella, James; Breakefield, Xandra O.

1989-01-01

The genes for MAO-A and MAO-B appear to be very close to the Norrie disease gene, on the basis of loss and /or disruption of the MAO genes and activities in atypical Norrie disease patients deleted for the DXS7 locus; linkage among the MAO genes, the Norrie disease gene, and the DXS7 locus; and mapping of all these loci to the chromosomal region Xp11. The present study provides evidence that the MAO genes are not disrupted in “classic” Norrie disease patients. Genomic DNA from these “nondelet...

Active transport of Na/sup +/ by reconstituted Na,K-ATPase

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boldyrev, A.A.; Svinukhova, I.A.

1987-02-20

The ability of ATP, CTP, ITP, GTP, and UTP to support ouabain-sensitive accumulation of Na/sup +/ by proteoliposomes with a reconstituted Na/K-pump was investigated. At a low (Na/sup +/)/(K/sup +/) ratio in the medium (20 mM/50 mM), a correlation is observed between the proton-accepting capacity of the nucleotide and its effectiveness as a substrate of active transport. To test the hypothesis of the importance of the presence of a negative charge in the 1-position of the purine (3-pyrimidine) base of the nucleotide for mutual transitions between the Na- and K-conformations of Na,K-ATPase they used two analogs of ATP: N/sub 1/-hydroxy-ATP, possessing proton acceptor capacity, and N/sub 1/-methoxy-ATP, in the molecule of which the negative charge is quenched by a methyl group. The first substrate supports active accumulation of Na/sup +/ in proteoliposomes at the same rate as ATP, whereas the second substrate is relatively ineffective.

Relationship between intracellular Na+ concentration and reduced Na+ affinity in Na+,K+-ATPase mutants causing neurological disease

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Toustrup-Jensen, Mads Schak; Einholm, Anja P.; Schack, Vivien

The neurological disorders familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (FHM2), alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC), and rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism (RDP) are caused by mutations of Na+,K+-ATPase α2 and α3 isoforms, expressed in glial and neuronal cells, respectively. Although these disorders......, addressing the question to what extent they cause a change of the intracellular Na+ and K+ concentrations ([Na+]i and [K+]i) in COS cells. C-terminal extension mutants generally showed dramatically reduced Na+ affinity without disturbance of K+ binding, as did other RDP mutants. No phosphorylation from ATP...

MOŽNOSTI VSTOPA NA TUJE TRGE NA PRIMERU PODJETJA AWOODTURE

OpenAIRE

Orličnik, Urša

2014-01-01

Danes pojavljanje podjetja samo na domačem trgu ni več dovolj. Spremembe okolja, naraščanje konkurence ter hiter tehnološki napredek, silijo podjetja k nenehnemu prilagajanju in iskanju novih priložnosti tako na domačem kot tudi na tujem trgu. Internacionalizacija podjetja tako postaja vedno bolj pomemembna za preživetje podjetja. Internacionalizacija se v najširšem smislu nanaša na vse oblike mednarodnega ekonomskega sodelovanja. Je dinamičen proces, kateremu nujno sledi sprememba stanja...

El Control Judicial de la Contramajoritário y la Preservación de la Hegemonía de la Élite Dominante: Un Análisis Crítico para la Expansión de la Democracia Participativa en Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carla Vladiane Alves Leite

2016-06-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es discutir el activismo judicial que comenzó en los Estados Unidos de América y las ganancias de fuerza en otros países sudamericanos, como Brasil, donde el poder judicial está ganando fuerza para decidir varios casos en los últimos años, desencadenando el fenómeno de la judicialización de la política. Se produce esa judicialización generar demasiado poder en manos del poder judicial, que puede utilizarse para satisfacer a una élite dominante.

O impacto da percepção do modelo relacional dominante, por parte dos colaboradores, na satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas definidas pela teoria da autodeterminação

OpenAIRE

Grazina, Nuno Miguel Lourenço

2013-01-01

Dissertação submetida como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia Social e das Organizações / The PsycINFO Content Classification Code System: 2900 Social Processes & Social Issues 3000 Social Psychology 3660 Organizational Behavior A presente investigação procurou perceber de que modo a forma de coodernação numa cultura organizacional influencia a motivação no trabalho. Desta forma, baseamo-nos na Teoria dos Modelos Relacionais (TMR) de Alan Fiske (1991, 199...

Polyethylenimine/kappa carrageenan: Micro-arc oxidation coating for passivation of magnesium alloy.

Science.gov (United States)

Golshirazi, A; Kharaziha, M; Golozar, M A

2017-07-01

The aim of this study was to combine micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and self-assembly technique to improve corrosion resistivity of AZ91 alloy. While a silicate-fluoride electrolyte was adopted for MAO treatment, polyethylenimine (PEI)/kappa carrageenan (KC) self-assembly coating was applied as the second coating layer. Resulted demonstrated the formation of forsterite-fluoride containing MAO coating on AZ91 alloy depending on the voltage and time of anodizing process. Addition of the second PEI/KC coating layer on MAO treated sample effectively enhanced the adhesive strength of MAO coated sample due to filling the pores with polymers and increase in the mechanical interlocking of coating to the substrate. Moreover, the corrosion evaluation considered by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed that double layered PEI/KC:MAO coating presented superior resistance to corrosion attack. It is envisioned that the proposed double layered PEI/KC:MAO coating could be useful for biomedical applications. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Altered Cerebellar Organization and Function in Monoamine Oxidase A Hypomorphic Mice

Science.gov (United States)

Alzghoul, Loai; Bortolato, Marco; Delis, Foteini; Thanos, Panayotis K.; Darling, Ryan D.; Godar, Sean C; Zhang, Junlin; Grant, Samuel; Wang, Gene-Jack; Simpson, Kimberly L.; Chen, Kevin; Volkow, Nora D.; Lin, Rick C.S.; Shih, Jean C.

2012-01-01

Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is the key enzyme for the degradation of brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA). We recently generated and characterized a novel line of MAO-A hypormorphic mice (MAO-ANeo), featuring elevated monoamine levels, social deficits and perseverative behaviors as well as morphological changes in the basolateral amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex. Here we showed that MAO-ANeo mice displayed deficits in motor control, manifested as subtle disturbances in gait, motor coordination, and balance. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging of the cerebellum revealed morphological changes and a moderate reduction in the cerebellar size of MAO- ANeo mice compared to wild type (WT) mice. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses using calbindin-D-28k (CB) expression of Purkinje cells revealed abnormal cerebellar foliation with vermal hypoplasia and decreased in Purkinje cell count and their dendritic density in MAO- ANeo mice compared to WT. Our current findings suggest that congenitally low MAO-A activity leads to abnormal development of the cerebellum. PMID:22971542

Na/K pump inactivation, subsarcolemmal Na measurements, and cytoplasmic ion turnover kinetics contradict restricted Na spaces in murine cardiac myocytes

OpenAIRE

Lu, Fang-Min; Hilgemann, Donald W.

2017-01-01

The Na/K pump exports cytoplasmic Na ions while importing K ions, and its activity is thought to be affected by restricted intracellular Na diffusion in cardiac myocytes. Lu and Hilgemann find instead that the pump can enter an inactivated state and that inactivation can be relieved by cytoplasmic Na.

Indanones as high-potency reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase.

Science.gov (United States)

Mostert, Samantha; Petzer, Anél; Petzer, Jacobus P

2015-05-01

Recent reports document that α-tetralone (3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one) is an appropriate scaffold for the design of high-potency monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. Based on the structural similarity between α-tetralone and 1-indanone, the present study involved synthesis of 34 1-indanone and related indane derivatives as potential inhibitors of recombinant human MAO-A and MAO-B. The results show that C6-substituted indanones are particularly potent and selective MAO-B inhibitors, with IC50 values ranging from 0.001 to 0.030 μM. C5-Substituted indanone and indane derivatives are comparatively weaker MAO-B inhibitors. Although the 1-indanone and indane derivatives are selective inhibitors of the MAO-B isoform, a number of homologues are also potent MAO-A inhibitors, with three homologues possessing IC50 values 1-indanone as a reversible MAO inhibitor with a competitive mode of inhibition. It may be concluded that 1-indanones are promising leads for the design of therapies for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders such as Parkinson's disease and depression. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Methadone, monoamine oxidase, and depression: opioid distribution and acute effects on enzyme activity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaufmann, C.A.; Kreek, M.J.; Raghunath, J.; Arns, P.

1983-09-01

Narcotic withdrawal is often accompanied by an atypical depression which responds to resumption of narcotics. It was hypothesized that methadone might exert its antidepressant effects through monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition. The current study examined /sub 3/H-methadone distribution in rat brain and effects on regional MAO activity with acute doses (2.5 mg/kg) which approximate those found during chronic methadone maintenance in man. Limbic areas (amygdala, basomedial hypothalamus, caudate-putamen, hippocampus, preoptic nucleus), as well as pituitary and liver were assayed for MAO activity and methadone concentration. MAO activities did not differ significantly in acute methadone or saline-treated cage-mates at 1 or 24 hr. The concentrations of methadone at 1 hr ranged between 17 and 223 ng/100 mg wet wt tissue in the preoptic nucleus and pituitary, respectively. No significant correlation was found between change in MAO activity (MAO methadone/MAO saline) and methadone concentration in any region at 1 or 24 hr. This study does not support the hypothesis that methadone acts as an antidepressant through MAO inhibition, at least not following acute administration of this exogenous opioid.

A Participação Social na Questão Ambiental: limites e possibilidades nos Conselhos de Meio Ambiente no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Donaldo Bello de Souza

2011-08-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho visa à reflexão sobre a questão da participação social, em geral, nos Conselhos de Meio Ambiente (CMA, e, em específico, na esfera municipal, tomando por referencial teórico-conceitual a discussão crítica em torno das concepções de sustentabilidade e participação social constantes da agenda de determinadas conferências internacionais sobre o meio ambiente. A partir disto, as análises se voltam para alguns dos resultados de pesquisas teórico-empíricas que versam sobre a participação social nos processos de criação, implantação e/ou funcionamento institucional e político dos CMA no país, revelando que esses expõem, de um lado, em número bem reduzido, certo descrédito em relação ao caráter democrático atribuído ao funcionamento desses conselhos no país, expressão, em especial, da ausência de uma efetiva participação sociopolítica, enquanto um segundo grupo de estudos, em maior número, acaba por ressaltar a dimensão essencial ou potencialmente democrática desses órgãos colegiados, em larga medida refletindo o discurso dominante, inclusive a respeito da relação desenvolvimento-sustentabilidade.

Monoamine Oxidase-A Inhibition and Associated Antioxidant Activity in Plant Extracts with Potential Antidepressant Actions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomás Herraiz

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Monoamine oxidase (MAO catalyzes the oxidative deamination of amines and neurotransmitters and is involved in mood disorders, depression, oxidative stress, and adverse pharmacological reactions. This work studies the inhibition of human MAO-A by Hypericum perforatum, Peganum harmala, and Lepidium meyenii, which are reported to improve and affect mood and mental conditions. Subsequently, the antioxidant activity associated with the inhibition of MAO is determined in plant extracts for the first time. H. perforatum inhibited human MAO-A, and extracts from flowers gave the highest inhibition (IC50 of 63.6 μg/mL. Plant extracts were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS and contained pseudohypericin, hypericin, hyperforin, adhyperforin, hyperfirin, and flavonoids. Hyperforin did not inhibit human MAO-A and hypericin was a poor inhibitor of this isoenzyme. Quercetin and flavonoids significantly contributed to MAO-A inhibition. P. harmala seed extracts highly inhibited MAO-A (IC50 of 49.9 μg/L, being a thousand times more potent than H. perforatum extracts owing to its content of β-carboline alkaloids (harmaline and harmine. L. meyenii root (maca extracts did not inhibit MAO-A. These plants may exert protective actions related to antioxidant effects. Results in this work show that P. harmala and H. perforatum extracts exhibit antioxidant activity associated with the inhibition of MAO (i.e., lower production of H2O2.

Elevated Monoamine Oxidase-A Distribution Volume in Borderline Personality Disorder Is Associated With Severity Across Mood Symptoms, Suicidality, and Cognition

Science.gov (United States)

Kolla, Nathan J.; Chiuccariello, Lina; Wilson, Alan A.; Houle, Sylvain; Links, Paul; Bagby, R. Michael; McMain, Shelley; Kellow, Charis; Patel, Jalpa; Rekkas, Paraskevi V.; Pasricha, Suvercha; Meyer, Jeffrey H.

2016-01-01

BACKGROUND Monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) is a treatment target in neurodegenerative illness and mood disorders that increases oxidative stress and predisposition toward apoptosis. Increased MAO-A levels in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) occur in rodent models of depressive behavior and human studies of depressed moods. Extreme dysphoria is common in borderline personality disorder (BPD), especially when severe, and the molecular underpinnings of severe BPD are largely unknown. We hypothesized that MAO-A levels in PFC and ACC would be highest in severe BPD and would correlate with symptom magnitude. METHODS [11C] Harmine positron emission tomography measured MAO-A total distribution volume (MAO-A VT), an index of MAO-A density, in severe BPD subjects (n = 14), moderate BPD subjects (n = 14), subjects with a major depressive episode (MDE) only (n = 14), and healthy control subjects (n = 14). All subjects were female. RESULTS Severe BPD was associated with greater PFC and ACC MAO-A VT compared with moderate BPD, MDE, and healthy control subjects (multivariate analysis of variance group effect: F6,102 = 5.6, p MAO-A VT were positively correlated with mood symptoms (PFC: r = .52, p = .005; ACC: r = .53, p = .004) and suicidality (PFC: r = .40, p = .037; ACC: r = .38, p = .046), while hippocampus MAO-A VT was negatively correlated with verbal memory (r = −.44, p = .023). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that elevated MAO-A VT is associated with multiple indicators of BPD severity, including BPD symptomatology, mood symptoms, suicidality, and neurocognitive impairment. PMID:25698585

How fast monoamine oxidases decompose adrenaline? Kinetics of isoenzymes A and B evaluated by empirical valence bond simulation.

Science.gov (United States)

Oanca, Gabriel; Stare, Jernej; Mavri, Janez

2017-12-01

This work scrutinizes kinetics of decomposition of adrenaline catalyzed by monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B enzymes, a process controlling the levels of adrenaline in the central nervous system and other tissues. Experimental kinetic data for MAO A and B catalyzed decomposition of adrenaline are reported only in the form of the maximum reaction rate. Therefore, we estimated the experimental free energy barriers form the kinetic data of closely related systems using regression method, as was done in our previous study. By using multiscale simulation on the Empirical Valence Bond (EVB) level, we studied the chemical reactivity of the MAO A catalyzed decomposition of adrenaline and we obtained a value of activation free energy of 17.3 ± 0.4 kcal/mol. The corresponding value for MAO B is 15.7 ± 0.7 kcal/mol. Both values are in good agreement with the estimated experimental barriers of 16.6 and 16.0 kcal/mol for MAO A and MAO B, respectively. The fact that we reproduced the kinetic data and preferential catalytic effect of MAO B over MAO A gives additional support to the validity of the proposed hydride transfer mechanism. Furthermore, we demonstrate that adrenaline is preferably involved in the reaction in a neutral rather than in a protonated form due to considerably higher barriers computed for the protonated adrenaline substrate. The results are discussed in the context of chemical mechanism of MAO enzymes and possible applications of multiscale simulation to rationalize the effects of MAO activity on adrenaline level. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

(N)um lugar ao sol: contributos do turismo para as dinâmicas criativas e para a atração da classe criativa no Algarve

OpenAIRE

Cruz, Ana Rita Pereira Marques da

2016-01-01

Tese de Doutoramento, Turismo, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016 Os destinos turísticos ficam frequentemente reféns do seu próprio sucesso. Apesar dos efeitos positivos do turismo, produtos turísticos dominantes tornam-se muitas vezes demasiado importantes para as economias regionais e promovem uma especialização excessiva, concentrando recursos financeiros e humanos num número limitado de atividades. Este foi o caso de várias regiões na Europa e é uma situação que carac...

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva

OpenAIRE

Tonholo-Silva, Edward R.; Adachi, Elza Aquimi; Tafner, Maria Salete; Yoshinaga, Lucia

1994-01-01

Fibrodisplasia (miosite) ossificante progressiva (FOP) é doença rara, de herança autossômica dominante, na qual ocorre ossificação ectópica progressiva e malformação esquelética, principalmente no tecido conectivo dos músculos. O diagnóstico é baseado nos achados clínicos e demonstração radiologica das malformações esqueléticas. Relatamos o caso de uma menina de 5 anos de idade com FOP. Fibrodysplasia (myositis) ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder in which th...

Análise florística e estrutura fitossociológica de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista no município de Sertão - RSFloristic analysis and phytosociological structure of a Mixed Ombrophylous Forest

OpenAIRE

Piroli, Edson Luis; Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP; Nascimento, André Rosalvo Terra; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU

2009-01-01

Neste trabalho foram estudadas a composição florística e estrutura fitossociológica de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista no município de Sertão, RS, com área aproximada de 700 ha. A análise estrutural destaca Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, como espécie dominante, principalmente na periferia do fragmento apresentando um número relativamente menor de indivíduos no interior da floresta. Abstract This paper appraises the study of the floristic composition and phytosociological st...

O Casamento e a TPM: novos tempos, novos sentidos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriela Boemler Hollenbach

2003-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do trabalho é analisar a forma como a revista TPM, Trip Para Mulher, criada para ser uma alternativa às revistas femininas tradicionais, trata do tema casamento. A partir dos pressupostos teóricos da Análise de Discurso Francesa, a investigação procurou encontrar os sentidos dominantes a respeito do casamento nas matérias publicadas na revista entre Abril e Julho de 2003, concluindo que o casamento ainda é considerado importante e desejável para as mulheres.

Riqueza e desigualdades

OpenAIRE

Cattani,Antonio David

2009-01-01

Neste artigo, são analisadas as principais características e significados de um segmento específico dos detentores de altas fortunas provenientes da extração da riqueza na economia globalizada. Milionários e bilionários são designados pelos gestores financeiros como High Net Worth Individuals (HNWIs). Eles não constituem uma classe social com identidade, coesão e mobilização coletiva a partir de interesses homogêneos e articulados. Mas, como componentes dos setores dominantes internacionaliza...

Monoamine oxidase-A and B activities in the cerebellum and frontal cortex of children and young adults with autism.

Science.gov (United States)

Gu, Feng; Chauhan, Ved; Chauhan, Abha

2017-10-01

Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) catalyze the metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, and are key regulators for brain function. In this study, we analyzed the activities of MAO-A and MAO-B in the cerebellum and frontal cortex from subjects with autism and age-matched control subjects. In the cerebellum, MAO-A activity in subjects with autism (aged 4-38 years) was significantly lower by 20.6% than in controls. When the subjects were divided into children (aged 4-12 years) and young adults (aged 13-38 years) subgroups, a significant decrease by 27.8% in the MAO-A activity was observed only in children with autism compared with controls. When the 95% confidence interval of the control group was taken as a reference range, reduced activity of MAO-A was observed in 70% of children with autism. In the frontal cortex, MAO-A activity in children with autism was also lower by 30% than in the control group, and impaired activity of MAO-A was observed in 55.6% of children with autism, although the difference between the autism and control groups was not significant when all subjects were considered. On the contrary, there was no significant difference in MAO-B activity in both the cerebellum and frontal cortex between children with autism and the control group as well as in adults. These results suggest impaired MAO-A activity in the brain of subjects with autism, especially in children with autism. Decreased activity of MAOs may lead to increased levels of monoaminergic neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, which have been suggested to have a critical role in autism. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Iododerivative of pargyline: A potential tracer for the exploration of monoamine oxidase sites by SPECT

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lena, Isabelle; Ombetta, Jean-Edouard; Chalon, Sylvie; Dognon, Anne-Marie; Baulieu, Jean-Louis; Frangin, Yves; Garreau, Lucette; Besnard, Jean-Claude; Guilloteau, Denis

1995-01-01

Monoamine oxidases are important in the regulation of monoaminergic neurotransmission. An increase in monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) has been observed in some neurodegenerative diseases, and therefore quantification of cerebral MAO B activity by SPECT would be useful for the diagnosis and therapeutic follow-up of these disorders. We have developed an iodinated derivative of pargyline, a selective inhibitor of MAO B, in order to explore this enzyme by SPECT. Stable bromo and iodo derivatives of pargyline were synthesized and chemically characterized. The radioiodinated ligand [ 125 I]-2-iodopargyline was obtained with high specific activity from the bromo precursor by nucleophilic exchange. Affinity and selectivity of 2-iodopargyline were tested in vitro. Biodistribution study of [ 125 I]-2-iodopargyline was performed in rats. Radioiodinated ligand were obtained in a no-carrier-added form. 2-iodopargyline has a higher in vitro affinity for MAO B than pargyline. However, the in vitro selectivity for MAO B was better for pargyline than for 2-iodopargyline. Ex vivo autoradiographic studies and in vivo saturation studies with selective inhibitors of MAO showed that the cerebral biodistribution of [ 125 I]-2-iodopargyline in the rat is consistent with high level binding to MAO B sites in the pineal gland and in the thalamus. In conclusion, 2-iodopargyline preferentially binds in vivo to MAO B sites with high affinity. However, its selectivity for MAO B in rats is not very high, whereas this ligand binds to a lesser extent to MAO A. It will be then of great value to evaluate the specificity of 2-iodopargyline in humans. This new ligand labeled with 123 I should therefore be a suitable tool for SPECT exploration of MAO B in the human brain

Vpliv toplotnih mostov na porabo energije za ogrevanje na primeru osnovne šole

OpenAIRE

Megušar, Primož

2015-01-01

Na primeru Osnovne šole Dobrova sem preveril, kakšen vpliv imajo dejanski toplotni mostovi na porabo energije za ogrevanje. Iz načrtov stavbe sem evidentiral vse toplotne mostove, kateri vplivajo na porabo energije. Tem toplotnim mostovom sem nato v standardu SIST EN ISO 14683 poiskal ustrezne približke. Nato sem s programom TOST izvedel tri simulacije. V prvem primeru toplotnih mostov nisem upošteval. V drugem primeru sem toplotne mostove upošteval na poenostavljen način, v zadnjem primeru p...

Na and K dependence of the Na/K pump in cystic fibrosis fibroblasts.

OpenAIRE

Reznik, V M; Schneider, J A; Mendoza, S A

1981-01-01

The Na and K dependence of the Na/K pump was measured in skin fibroblasts from patients with cystic fibrosis and age/sex-matched controls. Under basal conditions, there was no difference between control and cystic fibrosis cells in protein per cell, intracellular Na and K content, or Na/K pump activity (measured as ouabain-sensitive 86Rb uptake). There was no difference in the Na dependence of the Na/K pump between cystic fibrosis cells and control cells. In cells from patients with cystic fi...

Vliv mikroflóry na senzorické vlastnosti vína

OpenAIRE

Petrášová, Ludmila

2014-01-01

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá vlivem mikroflóry na senzorické vlastnosti vína. Teoretická část informuje o botanickém popisu hroznů vína Veltlínské zelené, dále o jeho složení, o technologii zpracování bílého vína a o vlivu kvasinek na aromatický profil vína. V další části popisuje metodu stanovení aromaticky aktivních látek pomocí plynové chromatografie v kombinaci s mikroextrakcí tuhou fází (SPME-GC). Cílem experimentální části bylo proměřit vzorky 4 různých moštů odrůdy Veltlínské zelené...

Corpos protéticos e corpos remodelados: elementos da cibercultura em anúncios publicitários de moda feminina na revista Elle

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriana Tulio Baggio

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Sendo a cibercultura a cultura dominante da nossa sociedade pós-massiva, é razoável supor que seus elementos influenciem os produtos desta cultura, mesmo os não-massivos, como a publicidade de moda veiculada em revistas. Partindo desta premissa, este trabalho busca verificar a presença de aspectos da cibercultura em anúncios de marcas de vestuário feminino veiculados na revista Elle, especialmente as concepções de corpo protético e remodelado. A análise revela a presença destas concepções nos anúncios, ainda que algumas sejam mais sutis, devido à necessidade de aceitação dos anúncios e dos produtos pelas consumidoras. Considering cyberculture as dominant in our post-massive society, it is reasonable to assume that its elements influence the products of this culture, even the non-massive ones, like fashion ads in women's magazines. Starting from this premise, this paper seeks to verify the presence of aspects of cyberculture in women's clothing branding ads in Elle magazine, especially the concepts of prosthetic and remolded bodies. The analysis reveals the presence of these conceptions in ads, although some of them are more subtle, due to the need for acceptance of ads and products by consumers. The work is especially based on the cyberculture concepts of André Lemos (2008 and aspects of the post-human body of Lucia Santaella (2003 and Cristiane Mesquita (2004. 

Influence of KMnO4 Concentrationon Infrared Emissivity of Coatings Formed on TC4 Alloys by Micro-Arc Oxidation

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Ying; Li, Chaozhong; Hu, Dan; Li, Zhengxian; Xi, Zhengping

2017-01-01

Ceramic coatings with high emissivity were fabricated on TC4 alloys by micro-arc oxidation technique (MAO) in mixed silicate and phosphate electrolytes with varying KMnO4 addition. The microstructure, phase and chemical composition were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the infrared emissivity of the MAO coatings was measured in a waveband of 5–20 μm. The results show that the thickness of the coatings increased with the addition of KMnO4, but the roughness of the coatings first decreased and then increased slightly due to the inhibitory effect of KMnO4 on Na2SiO3 deposition. The main phase composition of the coatings was anatase and rutile TiO2, amorphous form of SiO2 and MnO2. The infrared emissivity value of the coatings strongly depended on KMnO4 concentration, the coating formed at the concentration of 0.8 g/L KMnO4 reached the highest and an average of up to 0.87 was observed. PMID:29137192

Synthesis and characterization of radioiodinated MD-230254. A new ligand for potential imaging of monoamine oxidase B activity by single photon emission computed tomography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hirata, Masahiko; Kagawa, Shinya; Yoshimoto, Mitsuyoshi; Ohmomo, Yoshiro

2002-01-01

A series of iodinated analogues of MD-230254 was synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory potency and selectivity toward monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). Among them, 5-[4-(2-iodobenzyloxy)phenyl]-3(cyanoethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)one (2-IBPO) was found to have high inhibitory potency and selectivity toward MAO-B (IC 50 =2.0 n M , MAO-A/MAO-B>50000). Analysis of the inhibition kinetics indicated that 2-IBPO acts in a two-step mechanism as a competitive, slow, and tight-binding inhibitor of MAO-B with a Ki value of 2.4 n M and an overall Ki value at an equilibrium of 3.8 n M . The new radioligand for MAO-B, [ 125 I]2-IBPO was conveniently synthesized from a tributylstannyl precursor by an iododestannylation reaction using sodium [ 125 I]iodide and hydrogen peroxide with high radiochemical yield. The in vivo tissue distribution studies of [ 125 I]2-IBPO demonstrated its high initial uptake and prolonged retention in the brain. A selective interaction of [ 125 I]2-IBPO with MAO-B was confirmed by the pretreatment experiment with well known MAO specific inhibitors, l-deprenyl, Ro-16-6491, clorgyline, and Ro-41-1049. These very desirable characteristics of [ 125 I]2-IBPO suggested that a 123 I-labeled counterpart, [ 123 I]2-IBPO, would have great potential in vivo studies of MAO-B in the human brain with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). (author)

Development of radioiodinated ligands for exploration of brain monoamine oxidase by tomo-scintigraphy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rafii, H.

1996-01-01

Monoamine oxidases, MAO, are important in the regulation of monoaminergic neuro-transmissions. The fluctuations in MAO activities has been observed in some psychiatric and neuro-degenerative diseases. Thus, quantification of cerebral MAO activity would be useful for diagnosis and the therapeutic follow-up of these disorders. With the object of doing an in vivo scintigraphic exploration of cerebral MAO by SPECT, we have undertaken to synthesize some radioiodinated MAO inhibitors. In the first part of this work, we have discussed the general properties of the monoamine oxidases and their inhibitors. In the second part we have described the scintigraphic methods. the ligands to be used for MAO exploration, and the radioiodination methods. At last in the third part, the development of three radioiodinated ligands has been presented: - [ 125 I]3-iodopargyline. In vivo results showed that, this radioligand blocked the cerebral MAO-B with moderate selectivity. However, complementary in vivo studies would be needed to define precisely its activity.- [ 125 I]Ro 16-6491. The cerebral fixation of this radioligand was in accordance with the MAO-B sites in the rat brains, but its fixation was too low for scintigraphic exploration in vivo with iodine-123. - [ 125 I]Ro 11-9900. In vivo studies of rat brains showed that the MAO-A sites were bound preferentially by this radioligand. The cerebral biodistribution of this ligand labelled with iodine-123 is considered for use in a model animal nearest to human pathology. (author)

Development of radioiodinated ligands for exploration of brain monoamine oxidase by tomo-scintigraphy; Developpement de ligands radioactifs pour l'exploration des monoamines oxydases cerebrales en tomoscintigraphie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rafii, H

1996-07-01

Monoamine oxidases, MAO, are important in the regulation of monoaminergic neuro-transmissions. The fluctuations in MAO activities has been observed in some psychiatric and neuro-degenerative diseases. Thus, quantification of cerebral MAO activity would be useful for diagnosis and the therapeutic follow-up of these disorders. With the object of doing an in vivo scintigraphic exploration of cerebral MAO by SPECT, we have undertaken to synthesize some radioiodinated MAO inhibitors. In the first part of this work, we have discussed the general properties of the monoamine oxidases and their inhibitors. In the second part we have described the scintigraphic methods. the ligands to be used for MAO exploration, and the radioiodination methods. At last in the third part, the development of three radioiodinated ligands has been presented: - [{sup 125}I]3-iodopargyline. In vivo results showed that, this radioligand blocked the cerebral MAO-B with moderate selectivity. However, complementary in vivo studies would be needed to define precisely its activity.- [{sup 125}I]Ro 16-6491. The cerebral fixation of this radioligand was in accordance with the MAO-B sites in the rat brains, but its fixation was too low for scintigraphic exploration in vivo with iodine-123. - [{sup 125}I]Ro 11-9900. In vivo studies of rat brains showed that the MAO-A sites were bound preferentially by this radioligand. The cerebral biodistribution of this ligand labelled with iodine-123 is considered for use in a model animal nearest to human pathology. (author)

Attenuation of MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity by TV3326, a cholinesterase-monoamine oxidase inhibitor.

Science.gov (United States)

Sagi, Yotam; Weinstock, Marta; Youdim, Moussa B H

2003-07-01

(R)-[(N-propargyl-(3R) aminoindan-5-yl) ethyl methyl carbamate] (TV3326) is a novel cholinesterase and brain-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A/-B inhibitor. It was developed for the treatment of dementia co-morbid with extra pyramidal disorders (parkinsonism), and depression. On chronic treatment in mice it attenuated striatal dopamine depletion induced by MPTP and prevented the reduction in striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity, like selective B and non-selective MAO inhibitors. TV3326 preferentially inhibits MAO-B in the striatum and hippocampus, and the degree of MAO-B inhibition correlates with the prevention of MPTP-induced dopamine depletion. Complete inhibition of MAO-B is not necessary for full protection from MPTP neurotoxicity. Unlike that seen after treatment with other MAO-A and -B inhibitors, recovery of striatal and hippocampal MAO-A and -B activities from inhibition by TV3326 did not show first-order kinetics. This has been attributed to the generation of a number of metabolites by TV3326 that cause differential inhibition of these enzymes. Inhibition of brain MAO-A and -B by TV3326 resulted in significant elevations of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin in the striatum and hippocampus. This may explain its antidepressant-like activity, resembling that of moclobemide in the forced-swim test in rats.

Improving the corrosion resistance of Mg–4.0Zn–0.2Ca alloy by micro-arc oxidation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xia, Y.H. [The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001 (China); Zhang, B.P., E-mail: zhangbp@sxicc.ac.cn [National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001 (China); Lu, C.X. [National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001 (China); Geng, L. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China)

2013-12-01

In this paper, corrosion resistance of the Mg–4.0Zn–0.2Ca alloy was modified by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process. The microstructure and phase constituents of MAO layer were characterized by SEM, XRD and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The corrosion resistance of MAO treated Mg–4.0Zn–0.2Ca alloy in the simulated body fluid were characterized by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The microstructure results indicated that a kind of ceramic film was composed by MgO and MgF{sub 2} was formed on the surface of Mg–4.0Zn–0.2Ca alloy after MAO treatment. The electrochemical test reveals that the corrosion resistance of MAO treated samples increase 1 order of magnitude. The mechanical intensity test showed that the MAO treated samples has suitable mechanical properties. - Highlights: • Ceramic layer which is composited by MgO and MgF{sub 2} is prepared to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg–4.0Zn–0.2Ca alloy. • MAO treatment does not affect the mechanical properties of the Mg–4.0Zn–0.2Ca alloy. • After 30-day immersion in SBF, the mechanical properties of MAO coated samples are still enough for bone fixed.

Improving the corrosion resistance of Mg–4.0Zn–0.2Ca alloy by micro-arc oxidation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xia, Y.H.; Zhang, B.P.; Lu, C.X.; Geng, L.

2013-01-01

In this paper, corrosion resistance of the Mg–4.0Zn–0.2Ca alloy was modified by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process. The microstructure and phase constituents of MAO layer were characterized by SEM, XRD and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The corrosion resistance of MAO treated Mg–4.0Zn–0.2Ca alloy in the simulated body fluid were characterized by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The microstructure results indicated that a kind of ceramic film was composed by MgO and MgF 2 was formed on the surface of Mg–4.0Zn–0.2Ca alloy after MAO treatment. The electrochemical test reveals that the corrosion resistance of MAO treated samples increase 1 order of magnitude. The mechanical intensity test showed that the MAO treated samples has suitable mechanical properties. - Highlights: • Ceramic layer which is composited by MgO and MgF 2 is prepared to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg–4.0Zn–0.2Ca alloy. • MAO treatment does not affect the mechanical properties of the Mg–4.0Zn–0.2Ca alloy. • After 30-day immersion in SBF, the mechanical properties of MAO coated samples are still enough for bone fixed

The Influence of Monoamine Oxidase Variants on the Risk of Betel Quid-Associated Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ping-Ho Chen

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Betel quid (BQ and areca nut (AN (major BQ ingredient are group I human carcinogens illustrated by International Agency for Research on Cancer and are closely associated with an elevated risk of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs and cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx. The primary alkaloid of AN, arecoline, can be metabolized via the monoamine oxidase (MAO gene by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the variants of the susceptible candidate MAO genes are associated with OPMDs and oral and pharyngeal cancer. A significant trend of MAO-A mRNA expression was found in in vitro studies. Using paired human tissues, we confirmed the significantly decreased expression of MAO-A and MAO-B in cancerous tissues when compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. Moreover, we determined that MAO-A single nucleotide polymorphism variants are significantly linked with oral and pharyngeal cancer patients in comparison to OPMDs patients [rs5953210 risk G-allele, odds ratio = 1.76; 95% confidence interval = 1.02-3.01]. In conclusion, we suggested that susceptible MAO family variants associated with oral and pharyngeal cancer may be implicated in the modulation of MAO gene activity associated with ROS.

The influence of monoamine oxidase variants on the risk of betel quid-associated oral and pharyngeal cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Ping-Ho; Huang, Bin; Shieh, Tien-Yu; Wang, Yan-Hsiung; Chen, Yuk-Kwan; Wu, Ju-Hui; Huang, Jhen-Hao; Chen, Chun-Chia; Lee, Ka-Wo

2014-01-01

Betel quid (BQ) and areca nut (AN) (major BQ ingredient) are group I human carcinogens illustrated by International Agency for Research on Cancer and are closely associated with an elevated risk of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx. The primary alkaloid of AN, arecoline, can be metabolized via the monoamine oxidase (MAO) gene by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the variants of the susceptible candidate MAO genes are associated with OPMDs and oral and pharyngeal cancer. A significant trend of MAO-A mRNA expression was found in in vitro studies. Using paired human tissues, we confirmed the significantly decreased expression of MAO-A and MAO-B in cancerous tissues when compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. Moreover, we determined that MAO-A single nucleotide polymorphism variants are significantly linked with oral and pharyngeal cancer patients in comparison to OPMDs patients [rs5953210 risk G-allele, odds ratio = 1.76; 95% confidence interval = 1.02-3.01]. In conclusion, we suggested that susceptible MAO family variants associated with oral and pharyngeal cancer may be implicated in the modulation of MAO gene activity associated with ROS.

MONOAMINE OXIDASE: RADIOTRACER DEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN STUDIES.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

FOWLER,J.S.; LOGAN,J.; VOLKOW,N.D.; WANG,G.J.; MACGREGOR,R.R.; DING,Y.S.

2000-09-28

PET is uniquely capable of providing information on biochemical transformations in the living human body. Although most of the studies of monoamine oxidase (MAO) have focused on measurements in the brain, the role of peripheral MAO as a phase 1 enzyme for the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics is gaining attention (Strolin Benedetti and Tipton, 1998; Castagnoli et al., 1997.). MAO is well suited for this role because its concentration in organs such as kidneys, liver and digestive organs is high sometimes exceeding that in the brain. Knowledge of the distribution of the MAO subtypes within different organs and different cells is important in determining which substrates (and which drugs and xenobiotics) have access to which MAO subtypes. The highly variable subtype distribution with different species makes human studies even more important. In addition, the deleterious side effects of combining MAO inhibitors with other drugs and with foodstuffs makes it important to know the MAO inhibitory potency of different drugs both in the brain and in peripheral organs (Ulus et al., 2000). Clearly PET can play a role in answering these questions, in drug research and development and in discovering some of the factors which contribute to the highly variable MAO levels in different individuals.

Análise digital do terreno: ferramenta na identificação de pedoformas em microbacia na região de "Mar de Morros" (MG Digital terrain analysis: tool for pedoform identification in the "Mar de Morros" watershed (MG

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriela A. Ippoliti R.

2005-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho reporta a utilização de ferramentas de um SIG (Sistema de Informação Geográfica para o delineamento das geoformas e pedopaisagens em um estudo de caso em microbacia do município de Viçosa (MG, a partir dos dados da carta topográfica (escala 1:50.000 da região. Trabalhos de campo permitiram aferir uma exatidão global de 72 % na classificação das formas da paisagem e correlacionar as classes obtidas com as classes de solos dominantes. Após ajustes, elaborou-se um mapa síntese preliminar de distribuição de pedoformas, que auxilia no mapeamento de solos. O método de classificação das formas da paisagem baseado na geração de um MNT (Modelo Numérico do Terreno e no cálculo dos atributos do relevo (elevação, declividade, curvatura mostra-se uma alternativa rápida e econômica em comparação ao delineamento manual a partir da utilização de análise estereoscópica de fotografias aéreas.This study reports on the use of GIS (Geographical Information System tools for identifying and mapping landform units and soilscapes in a case study of a watershed in the region of Viçosa, Minas Gerais state, based on a topographical base map at a 1:50000 scale. Field work was undertaken to estimate the degree of accuracy of landform units / soilscape identification, obtaining an agreement of 72 % between the automatic and field work classification, and to correlate obtained soilscapes with dominant soil classes. After adjustments, a preliminary synthesized pedogeomorphic map was produced, which can assist soil mapping. The method of classifying landforms based on a digital elevation model (DEM as well as on the calculation of landform attributes (elevation, slope angle, slope form represents a quick and economic option, compared with manual drawing based on stereoscopical identification of landforms from aerial photographs.

Functionally undefined gene, yggE, alleviates oxidative stress generated by monoamine oxidase in recombinant Escherichia coli.

Science.gov (United States)

Ojima, Yoshihiro; Kawase, Daisuke; Nishioka, Motomu; Taya, Masahito

2009-01-01

Real-time PCR analysis showed that yggE gene was about two and three times up-regulated in Escherichia coli cells exposed to UVA irradiation and thermal elevation, respectively, suggesting that this gene is responsive to physiological stress. The yggE gene was introduced into E. coli BL21 cells, together with a monoamine oxidase (MAO) gene as a model source for oxidative stress generation. The distribution of independently isolated transformants (two dozen isolates) was examined in terms of MAO activity and cell vitality. In the case of control strain expressing MAO alone, the largest number of transformants existed in the low range of MAO activity less than 2 units mg(-1) and the number significantly decreased at increased MAO activity. On the other hand, the distribution of MAO/YggE-coexpressing transformants shifted to higher MAO activity with frequent appearance in the activity range of 4-8 units mg(-1). The yggE gene product therefore has a possible function for alleviating the stress generated in the cells.

Patterns of renal dopamine release to regulate diuresis and natriuresis during volume expansion: Role of renal monoamine-oxidase Perfiles de secreción de dopamina renal en la expansión de volumen para regular diuresis y natriuresis: Rol de la monoaminoxidasa renal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Verónica de Luca Sarobe

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Diuretic and natriuretic effects of renal dopamine (DA are well established. However, in volume expansion the pattern of renal DA release into urine (U DA V and the role of enzymes involved in DA synthesis/degradation have not yet been defined. The objective was to determine the pattern of U DA V during volume expansion and to characterize the involvement of monoamine-oxidase (MAO and aromatic amino-acid decarboxylase (AADC in this response. In this study male Wistar rats were expanded with NaCl 0.9% at a rate of 5% BWt per hour. At the beginning of expansion three groups received a single drug injection as follows: C (vehicle, Control, IMAO (MAO inhibitor Pargyline, 20 mg/kg BWt, i.v. and BNZ (AADC inhibitor Benserazide, 25 mg/kg BWt, i.v.. Results revealed that in C rats U DA V (ng/30 min/100g BWt increased in the first 30 min expansion from 11.5 ± 1.20 to 21.8 ± 3.10 (p La dopamina (DA intrarrenal ejerce efectos diuréticos y natriuréticos. Sin embargo, en los estado de expansión de volumen aún no está bien definido el patrón de liberación de dopamina renal hacia la orina y si cumplen un rol las enzimas involucradas en la síntesis o degradación de la amina. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el patrón de excreción urinaria de DA (U DA V durante la expansión de volumen, caracterizando la participación de las enzimas monoaminooxidasa (MAO y decarboxilasa de aminoácidos aromáticos (AADC en esta respuesta. Para ello ratas Wistar macho fueron expandidas de volumen con NaCl 0.9% al 5% del peso corporal por hora durante dos horas y divididas en tres grupos, los que al comienzo de la expansión recibieron: C (vehículo, Control, IMAO (Pargilina, inhibidor de MAO, 20 mg/kg PC, i.v. y BNZ (Benserazida, inhibidor de AADC, 25 mg/kg PC, i.v.. Se observó que en C la U DA V (ng/30min/100gPC aumentó durante los primeros 30 minutos de expansión de 11.5 ± 1.20 a 21.8 ± 3.10 (p < 0.05, disminuyendo posteriormente. IMAO mostr

Low platelet monoamine oxidase activity in pathological gambling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carrasco, J.L.; Saiz-Ruiz, J.; Hollander, E.; Cesar, J.; Lopez-Ibor, J.J. Jr.

1994-01-01

Decreased platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity has been reported in association with sensation-seeking personality type and in some mental disorders associated with a lack of impulse control. Pathological gambling itself has been related with both sensation-seeking and reduced impulse control. Platelet MAO activity was investigated in 15 DSM-III-R pathological gamblers from our outpatient clinic. Gamblers had a significantly lower platelet MAO activity than a group of 25 healthy controls. The range of MAO levels in gamblers was also significantly shorter than in controls. In controls, platelet MAO levels showed the previously described negative correlations with sensation-seeking scores but not in gamblers. The findings are consistent with previous studies showing an association of low platelet MAO activity with impulse control disorders and raise some interesting therapeutic alternatives for pathological gambling. (au) (40 refs.)

Low platelet monoamine oxidase activity in pathological gambling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carrasco, J.L. [Department of Psychiatry, Centro de Salud Mental, Parla Madrid (Spain); Saiz-Ruiz, J. [Department of Psychiatry and Haematology, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid (Spain); Hollander, E. [Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Queens Hospital Center, New York (United States); Cesar, J. [Department of Haematology, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid (Spain); Lopez-Ibor, J.J. Jr. [Department of Psychiatry, Hospital San Carlos, Complutense University, Madrid (Spain)

1994-12-01

Decreased platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity has been reported in association with sensation-seeking personality type and in some mental disorders associated with a lack of impulse control. Pathological gambling itself has been related with both sensation-seeking and reduced impulse control. Platelet MAO activity was investigated in 15 DSM-III-R pathological gamblers from our outpatient clinic. Gamblers had a significantly lower platelet MAO activity than a group of 25 healthy controls. The range of MAO levels in gamblers was also significantly shorter than in controls. In controls, platelet MAO levels showed the previously described negative correlations with sensation-seeking scores but not in gamblers. The findings are consistent with previous studies showing an association of low platelet MAO activity with impulse control disorders and raise some interesting therapeutic alternatives for pathological gambling. (au) (40 refs.).

Мао без головы / Мэлор Стуруа

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Стуруа, Мэлор, 1928-

2010-01-01

Hiina skulptoritest Gao Zhenist ja Gao Qiangist, kes esinevad kunstnikunime Gao Vennad (Gao Brothers) all. Vendade dissidentlikust loomingust, nende skulptuurist "Mao süü" (Mao's Guilt), mis kujutab diktaator Mao Zedongi põlvili ja eemaldatava-külgekruvitava peaga

Automation of the micro-arc oxidation process

Science.gov (United States)

Golubkov, P. E.; Pecherskaya, E. A.; Karpanin, O. V.; Shepeleva, Y. V.; Zinchenko, T. O.; Artamonov, D. V.

2017-11-01

At present the significantly increased interest in micro-arc oxidation (MAO) encourages scientists to look for the solution of the problem of this technological process controllability. To solve this problem an automated technological installation MAO was developed, its structure and control principles are presented in this article. This device will allow to provide the controlled synthesis of MAO coatings and to identify MAO process patterns which contributes to commercialization of this technology.

Interações entre evolução sedimentar e ocupação humana pré-histórica na costa centro-sul de Santa Catarina, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo César Fonseca Giannini

Full Text Available Desde o começo da ocupação humana no litoral centro-sul de Santa Catarina, Brasil, a articulação entre processos naturais e antrópicos modelou uma paisagem fortemente domesticada, marcada pela construção massiva de concheiros de dimensões monumentais e pela permanência milenar. Na planície costeira entre Passagem da Barra (município de Laguna e lago Figueirinha (município de Jaguaruna, 76 sambaquis foram mapeados, dos quais 48 possuem datação. O levantamento sistemático de sítios e datações permitiu identificar padrões de distribuição espacial nos sambaquis da região, quanto a contexto sedimentar da época de construção, estratigrafia e idade. Desse modo, reconheceram-se nos sítios da região: cinco contextos geológico-geomorfológicos de localização; três padrões estratigráficos; e quatro fases de ocupação sambaquieira baseadas na quantidade de sítios e no tipo de padrão construtivo dominante. O modelo integrado de evolução sedimentar e distribuição tempo-espacial de sambaquis indica que estes sítios eram construídos em áreas já emersas e pouco alagáveis, e que sítios interiores, afastados dos corpos lagunares, podem não se ter preservado ou não estarem expostos devido ao processo de assoreamento contínuo que caracterizou a região após a máxima transgressão holocênica. O cruzamento de dados aqui proposto evidencia a importância de abordagens integradas entre arqueologia e geociências no estudo da evolução das paisagens.

Study of the Na-C-O and Na-H-O ternary systems in the sodium rich corner

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maupre, J.-P.

1978-02-01

The purpose of this study is to provide a contribution to the understanding of the sodium - carbon - oxygen and sodium - hydrogen - oxygen ternary systems in the sodium rich corner. In order to do this the Na-NaH-Na 2 O-NaOH phase diagram was completed and the Na-Na 2 O-Na 2 CO 3 -C phase diagram was outlined. This work is made up of two parts. The first is devoted to a critical literature survey essential to establish correct phase diagrams. The second is an experimental study followed by a discussion collating our finding to the literary data. The basic experimental technique used is differential thermal analysis (DTA) but it has been completed by quenching, X-ray and chemical analysis methods. The proposed phase diagrams imply that Na-NaH-Na 2 O-NaOH and Na-Na 2 O-Na 2 CO 3 -C systems are reciprocal ternary systems. Temperatures of stable pairs reversal are respectively 410 and 690 0 C. The stable pairs are Na-NaOH and Na-Na 2 CO 3 at elevated temperature, Na 2 O-NaH and Na 2 O-C at low temperature [fr

Response of saliva Na/K ratio to changing Na supply of lactating cows under tropical conditions.

Science.gov (United States)

Thiangtum, Wandee; Schonewille, J Thomas; Verstegen, Martin Wa; Arsawakulsudhi, Supot; Rukkwamsuk, Theera; Hendriks, Wouter H

2017-06-01

Factorial determination of the sodium (Na) requirement of heat-stressed lactating cows is hindered by accurate estimates of the Na losses through sweat. Direct studies, therefore, may be needed requiring information on the time course of healthy animals to become Na depleted and the subsequent rate of repletion. The rate of Na depletion and subsequent rate of Na repletion with two levels of dietary Na to lactating dairy cows housed under tropical conditions were investigated using the salivary Na/K. The 12 lactating cows (salivary Na/K ratio 14.6) rapidly developed clinical signs of Na deficiency, including pica, polyuria and polydipsia, reduced body weight and reduced milk yield when fed a low-Na ration (0.33 g kg -1 dry matter (DM)) for 3 weeks. Deficiency symptoms were associated with a rapid decrease in salivary Na/K ratio to cows with NaCl to a ration concentration of 1.1 or 1.6 g Na kg -1 DM for 5 weeks did not restore salivary Na/K ratio to values of >6. A daily Na intake of heat-stressed lactating cows to a ration intake of 1.6 g Na kg -1 DM was insufficient to restore Na deficiency. One week was sufficient to deplete heat-stressed lactating cows of Na, allowing for rapid dose-response studies utilizing the salivary Na/K ratio as a parameter for Na status of cows under tropical conditions. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

RELAÇÕES ENTRE A IMPRENSA E A CIÊNCIA NO CONTEXTO DA CAMPANHA DE CANUDOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ester Sanches Ribeiro

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Apresentamos, neste estudo interdisciplinar, as relações entre jornalismo e ciência no contexto da Guerra de Canudos. Para isso, analisamos os discursos que circularam na imprensa, contextualizando as teorias cientificistas raciais e civilizacionais no Brasil, no final do século XIX. É valido frisar que havia um discurso dominante na imprensa em geral da época com a intenção de direcionar a opinião pública a representar a campanha de Canudos a partir de uma ideologia “civilizacional” de bases culturalistas e raciais. A partir das considerações propostas ao longo deste trabalho, analisamos, brevemente, dois artigos de Euclides da Cunha, publicados em O Estado de S. Paulo, durante a guerra, como exemplo de análise do objeto de pesquisa.

Ovarian steroid regulation of monoamine oxidase-A and -B mRNAs in the macaque dorsal raphe and hypothalamic nuclei.

Science.gov (United States)

Gundlah, Chrisana; Lu, Nick Z; Bethea, Cynthia L

2002-03-01

The serotonin neural system plays a pivotal role in mood, affective regulation and integrative cognition, as well as numerous autonomic functions. We have shown that ovarian steroids alter the expression of several genes in the dorsal raphe of macaques, which may increase serotonin synthesis and decrease serotonin autoinhibition. Another control point in aminergic neurotransmission involves degradation by MAO. This enzyme occurs in two isoforms, A and B, which have different substrate preferences. We questioned the effect of ovarian steroid hormones on MAO-A and MAO-B mRNA expression in the dorsal raphe nucleus and hypothalamus using in situ hybridization in non-human primates. Rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta; n=5/group) were spayed and either placebo treated (controls), estrogen (E) treated (28 days), progesterone (P) treated (14 days placebo+14 days P), or E+P treated (14 days E+14 days E+P). Perfusion-fixed sections (25 microm) were hybridized with a 233 bp MAO-A, or a 373 bp MAO-B, radiolabeled-antisense monkey specific probes. Autoradiographic films were analyzed by densitometry, which was performed with NIH Image Software. MAO-A and -B mRNAs were detected in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), preoptic area (POA), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), supraoptic nucleus (SON), lateral hypothalamus (LH) and ventromedial nucleus (VMN). MAO-A mRNA optical density was significantly decreased by E, P, and E+P in the DRN and in the hypothalamic PVN, LH and VMN. Ovarian hormones had no effect on MAO-B mRNA expression in the DRN. However, there was a significant decrease in MAO-B optical density in the hypothalamic POA, LH and VMN with E, P or E+P treatment. Pixel area generally reflected optical density. Ovarian steroids decreased MAO-A, but not B, in the raphe nucleus. However, both MAO-A and B were decreased in discrete hypothalamic nuclei by hormone replacement. These data suggest that the transcriptional regulation of

Substantial protection against MPTP-associated Parkinson's neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo by anti-cancer agent SU4312 via activation of MEF2D and inhibition of MAO-B.

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, Baojian; Hu, Shengquan; Zheng, Chengyou; Wang, Hongyu; Luo, Fangcheng; Li, Haitao; Cui, Wei; Yang, Xifei; Cui, Guozhen; Mak, Shinghung; Choi, Tony Chung-Lit; Ma, Edmond Dik-Lung; Wang, Yuqiang; Lee, Simon Ming Yuen; Zhang, Zaijun; Han, Yifan

2017-11-01

We have previously demonstrated the unexpected neuroprotection of the anti-cancer agent SU4312 in cellular models associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the precise mechanisms underlying its neuroprotection are still unknown, and the effects of SU4312 on rodent models of PD have not been characterized. In the current study, we found that the protection of SU4312 against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP + )-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells was achieved through the activation of transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D), as evidenced by the fact that SU4312 stimulated myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcriptional activity and prevented the inhibition of MEF2D protein expression caused by MPP + , and that short hairpin RNA (ShRNA)-mediated knockdown of MEF2D significantly abolished the neuroprotection of SU4312. Additionally, Western blotting analysis revealed that SU4312 potentiated pro-survival PI3-K/Akt pathway to down-regulate MEF2D inhibitor glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3β). Furthermore, using the in vivo PD model of C57BL/6 mice insulted with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), we found that intragastrical administration of SU4312 (0.2 and 1 mg/kg) greatly ameliorated Parkinsonian motor defects, and restored protein levels of MEF2D, phosphorylated-Ser473-Akt and phosphorylated-Ser9-GSK3β. Meanwhile, SU4312 effectively reversed the decrease in protein expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons, inhibited oxidative stress, maintained mitochondrial biogenesis and partially prevented the depletion of dopamine and its metabolites. Very encouragingly, SU4312 was able to selectively inhibit monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) activity both in vitro and in vivo, with an IC 50 value of 0.2 μM. These findings suggest that SU4312 provides therapeutic benefits in cellular and animal models of PD, possibly through multiple mechanisms including enhancement of MEF2D

Characterization and corrosion behavior of ceramic coating on magnesium by micro-arc oxidation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Durdu, Salih; Aytac, Aylin; Usta, Metin

2011-01-01

Highlights: · The commercial pure magnesium was coated by micro-arc oxidation method. · The coating is composed of two layers, a porous outer layer and a dense inner layer. · A super corrosion resistance was achieved with MAO coatings. · Coating with Mg 2 SiO 4 is more resistant to corrosion than that containing Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 . - Abstract: In this study, the commercial pure magnesium was coated in different aqueous solutions of Na 2 SiO 3 and Na 3 PO 4 by the micro-arc oxidation method (MAO). Coating thickness, phase composition, surface and cross sectional morphology and corrosion resistance of coatings were analyzed by eddy current method, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and tafel extrapolation method, respectively. The average thickness of the coatings ranged from 52 to 74 μm for sodium silicate solution and from 64 to 88 μm for sodium phosphate solution. The dominant phases on the coatings were detected as spinal Mg 2 SiO 4 (Forsterite) and MgO (Periclase) for sodium silicate solution and Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (Farringtonite) and MgO (Periclase) for sodium phosphate solution. SEM images reveal that the coating is composed of two layers as of a porous outer layer and a dense inner layer. The corrosion results show the coating consisting Mg 2 SiO 4 is more resistant to corrosion than that containing Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .

Molecular mechanism of the relation of monoamine oxidase B and its inhibitors to Parkinson's disease: possible implications of glial cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Nagatsu, T; Sawada, M

2006-01-01

Monoamine oxidases A and B (MAO A and MAO B) are the major enzymes that catalyze the oxidative deamination of monoamine neurotaransmitters such as dopamine (DA), noradrenaline, and serotonin in the central and peripheral nervous systems. MAO B is mainly localized in glial cells. MAO B also oxidizes the xenobiotic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to a parkinsonism-producing neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+). MAO B may be closely related to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), in which neuromelanin-containing DA neurons in the substantia nigra projecting to the striatum in the brain selectively degenerate. MAO B degrades the neurotransmitter DA that is deficient in the nigro-striatal region in PD, and forms H2O2 and toxic aldehyde metabolites of DA. H2O2 produces highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) by Fenton reaction that is catalyzed by iron and neuromelanin. MAO B inhibitors such as L-(-)-deprenyl (selegiline) and rasagiline are effective for the treatment of PD. Concerning the mechanism of the clinical efficacy of MAO B inhibitors in PD, the inhibition of DA degradation (a symptomatic effect) and also the prevention of the formation of neurotoxic DA metabolites, i.e., ROS and dopamine derived aldehydes have been speculated. As another mechanism of clinical efficacy, MAO B inhibitors such as selegiline are speculated to have neuroprotective effects to prevent progress of PD. The possible mechanism of neuroprotection of MAO B inhibitors may be related not only to MAO B inhibition but also to induction and activation of multiple factors for anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptosis: i.e., catalase, superoxide dismutase 1 and 2, thioredoxin, Bcl-2, the cellular poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, and binding to glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Furthermore, it should be noted that selegiline increases production of neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glial

Glutathionylation-Dependence of Na+-K+-Pump Currents Can Mimic Reduced Subsarcolemmal Na+ Diffusion

Science.gov (United States)

Garcia, Alvaro; Liu, Chia-Chi; Cornelius, Flemming; Clarke, Ronald J.; Rasmussen, Helge H.

2016-01-01

The existence of a subsarcolemmal space with restricted diffusion for Na+ in cardiac myocytes has been inferred from a transient peak electrogenic Na+-K+ pump current beyond steady state on reexposure of myocytes to K+ after a period of exposure to K+-free extracellular solution. The transient peak current is attributed to enhanced electrogenic pumping of Na+ that accumulated in the diffusion-restricted space during pump inhibition in K+-free extracellular solution. However, there are no known physical barriers that account for such restricted Na+ diffusion, and we examined if changes of activity of the Na+-K+ pump itself cause the transient peak current. Reexposure to K+ reproduced a transient current beyond steady state in voltage-clamped ventricular myocytes as reported by others. Persistence of it when the Na+ concentration in patch pipette solutions perfusing the intracellular compartment was high and elimination of it with K+-free pipette solution could not be reconciled with restricted subsarcolemmal Na+ diffusion. The pattern of the transient current early after pump activation was dependent on transmembrane Na+- and K+ concentration gradients suggesting the currents were related to the conformational poise imposed on the pump. We examined if the currents might be accounted for by changes in glutathionylation of the β1 Na+-K+ pump subunit, a reversible oxidative modification that inhibits the pump. Susceptibility of the β1 subunit to glutathionylation depends on the conformational poise of the Na+-K+ pump, and glutathionylation with the pump stabilized in conformations equivalent to those expected to be imposed on voltage-clamped myocytes supported this hypothesis. So did elimination of the transient K+-induced peak Na+-K+ pump current when we included glutaredoxin 1 in patch pipette solutions to reverse glutathionylation. We conclude that transient K+-induced peak Na+-K+ pump current reflects the effect of conformation-dependent β1 pump subunit

Glutathionylation-Dependence of Na(+)-K(+)-Pump Currents Can Mimic Reduced Subsarcolemmal Na(+) Diffusion.

Science.gov (United States)

Garcia, Alvaro; Liu, Chia-Chi; Cornelius, Flemming; Clarke, Ronald J; Rasmussen, Helge H

2016-03-08

The existence of a subsarcolemmal space with restricted diffusion for Na(+) in cardiac myocytes has been inferred from a transient peak electrogenic Na(+)-K(+) pump current beyond steady state on reexposure of myocytes to K(+) after a period of exposure to K(+)-free extracellular solution. The transient peak current is attributed to enhanced electrogenic pumping of Na(+) that accumulated in the diffusion-restricted space during pump inhibition in K(+)-free extracellular solution. However, there are no known physical barriers that account for such restricted Na(+) diffusion, and we examined if changes of activity of the Na(+)-K(+) pump itself cause the transient peak current. Reexposure to K(+) reproduced a transient current beyond steady state in voltage-clamped ventricular myocytes as reported by others. Persistence of it when the Na(+) concentration in patch pipette solutions perfusing the intracellular compartment was high and elimination of it with K(+)-free pipette solution could not be reconciled with restricted subsarcolemmal Na(+) diffusion. The pattern of the transient current early after pump activation was dependent on transmembrane Na(+)- and K(+) concentration gradients suggesting the currents were related to the conformational poise imposed on the pump. We examined if the currents might be accounted for by changes in glutathionylation of the β1 Na(+)-K(+) pump subunit, a reversible oxidative modification that inhibits the pump. Susceptibility of the β1 subunit to glutathionylation depends on the conformational poise of the Na(+)-K(+) pump, and glutathionylation with the pump stabilized in conformations equivalent to those expected to be imposed on voltage-clamped myocytes supported this hypothesis. So did elimination of the transient K(+)-induced peak Na(+)-K(+) pump current when we included glutaredoxin 1 in patch pipette solutions to reverse glutathionylation. We conclude that transient K(+)-induced peak Na(+)-K(+) pump current reflects the effect

Corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxidation coatings formed on aluminum alloy with addition of Al2O3

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Y.; Chen, Y.; Du, H. Q.; Zhao, YW

2018-03-01

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings were formed on the aluminum alloy in silicate-based electrolyte without and with the addition of Al2O3. It is showed that the coating produced in 7 g l‑1 Al2O3-containing electrolyte was of the most superior corrosion resistance. Besides, the corrosion properties of the coatings were studied by means of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test in both 0.5 M and 1 M NaCl solution. The results proved that the coating is capable to protect the substrate from the corrosion of aggressive Cl‑ in 0.5 M NaCl after 384 h immersion. However, it can not offer protection to the aluminum alloy substrate after 384 h immersion in 1 M NaCl solution. The schematic diagrams illustrate the corrosion process and matched well with the corrosion test results.

Campesinos, pueblos originarios y sectores obrero-populares en el proceso de cambio boliviano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Magdalena Cajías De La Vega

2012-08-01

Full Text Available O artigo analisa as transformações ocorridas na Bolívia durante a última década, ponderando a importância dos diferentes setores sociais mobilizados contra as medidas neoliberais, destacando o papel dos povos originários e dos campesinos indígenas organizados sindicalmente, que emergem politicamente neste período. Busca retratar o processo de construção de um poder alternativo baseado na organização indígena, na força adquirida pelos cocaleiros e na “Confederación Sindical Única de Trabajadores Campesinos de Bolivia”, que contribuíram para o triunfo eleitoral do “Movimiento al Socialismo” que elege o presidente Evo Morales. Por fim, destaca a importância da “Central Obrera Boliviana”, especialmente do movimento mineiro organizado por meio da “Federación Sindical de Trabajadores Mineros de Bolivia” que promoveu a "Guerra del Gas", em outubro de 2003, e que acabou subestimado pelas visões políticas dominantes dentro do Movimiento al Socialismo.

Elevated Monoamine Oxidase-A Distribution Volume in Borderline Personality Disorder Is Associated With Severity Across Mood Symptoms, Suicidality, and Cognition.

Science.gov (United States)

Kolla, Nathan J; Chiuccariello, Lina; Wilson, Alan A; Houle, Sylvain; Links, Paul; Bagby, R Michael; McMain, Shelley; Kellow, Charis; Patel, Jalpa; Rekkas, Paraskevi V; Pasricha, Suvercha; Meyer, Jeffrey H

2016-01-15

Monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) is a treatment target in neurodegenerative illness and mood disorders that increases oxidative stress and predisposition toward apoptosis. Increased MAO-A levels in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) occur in rodent models of depressive behavior and human studies of depressed moods. Extreme dysphoria is common in borderline personality disorder (BPD), especially when severe, and the molecular underpinnings of severe BPD are largely unknown. We hypothesized that MAO-A levels in PFC and ACC would be highest in severe BPD and would correlate with symptom magnitude. [(11)C] Harmine positron emission tomography measured MAO-A total distribution volume (MAO-A VT), an index of MAO-A density, in severe BPD subjects (n = 14), moderate BPD subjects (n = 14), subjects with a major depressive episode (MDE) only (n = 14), and healthy control subjects (n = 14). All subjects were female. Severe BPD was associated with greater PFC and ACC MAO-A VT compared with moderate BPD, MDE, and healthy control subjects (multivariate analysis of variance group effect: F6,102 = 5.6, p mood symptoms (PFC: r = .52, p = .005; ACC: r = .53, p = .004) and suicidality (PFC: r = .40, p = .037; ACC: r = .38, p = .046), while hippocampus MAO-A VT was negatively correlated with verbal memory (r = -.44, p = .023). These results suggest that elevated MAO-A VT is associated with multiple indicators of BPD severity, including BPD symptomatology, mood symptoms, suicidality, and neurocognitive impairment. Copyright © 2016 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Osteogenic potential of a novel microarc oxidized coating formed on Ti6Al4V alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Yaping [School of Materials and Electromechanics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330038 (China); Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055 (China); Lou, Jin [School of Materials and Electromechanics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330038 (China); Zeng, Lilan [Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055 (China); Xiang, Junhuai; Zhang, Shufang; Wang, Jun; Xiong, Fucheng; Li, Chenglin [School of Materials and Electromechanics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330038 (China); Zhao, Ying, E-mail: ying.zhao@siat.ac.cn [Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055 (China); Zhang, Rongfa, E-mail: rfzhang-10@163.com [School of Materials and Electromechanics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330038 (China)

2017-08-01

Highlights: • Phytic acid is used as the MAO electrolyte of titanium alloys. • MAO coatings are composed of rutile, anatase, TiP{sub 2}O{sub 7} and some OH{sup −} groups. • The MAO samples present excellent in vitro cytocompatibility. - Abstract: In order to improve the biocompatibility, Ti6Al4V alloys are processed by micro arc oxidation (MAO) in a novel electrolyte of phytic acid, a natural organic phosphorus-containing matter. The MAO coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The cytocompatibility of Ti6A14V alloys before and after MAO were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the fabricated MAO coatings were composed of rutile, anatase, TiP{sub 2}O{sub 7} as well as some OH{sup −} groups, exhibiting the excellent hydrophilicity and a porous structure with small micro pores. No cytotoxicity towards MC3T3-E1cells was observed in this study. In particular, MAO treated Ti6Al4V alloys presented comparable cell adhesion and proliferation as well as significantly enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity, extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization and collagen secretion in comparison with the untreated control. The results suggest that the Ti6Al4V alloys treated by MAO in phytic acid can be used as implants for orthopaedic applications, providing a simple and practical method to widen clinical acceptance of titanium alloys.

Crystal structure of a Na+-bound Na+,K+-ATPase preceding the E1P state.

Science.gov (United States)

Kanai, Ryuta; Ogawa, Haruo; Vilsen, Bente; Cornelius, Flemming; Toyoshima, Chikashi

2013-10-10

Na(+),K(+)-ATPase pumps three Na(+) ions out of cells in exchange for two K(+) taken up from the extracellular medium per ATP molecule hydrolysed, thereby establishing Na(+) and K(+) gradients across the membrane in all animal cells. These ion gradients are used in many fundamental processes, notably excitation of nerve cells. Here we describe 2.8 Å-resolution crystal structures of this ATPase from pig kidney with bound Na(+), ADP and aluminium fluoride, a stable phosphate analogue, with and without oligomycin that promotes Na(+) occlusion. These crystal structures represent a transition state preceding the phosphorylated intermediate (E1P) in which three Na(+) ions are occluded. Details of the Na(+)-binding sites show how this ATPase functions as a Na(+)-specific pump, rejecting K(+) and Ca(2+), even though its affinity for Na(+) is low (millimolar dissociation constant). A mechanism for sequential, cooperative Na(+) binding can now be formulated in atomic detail.

Na+-H+ exchange and Na+-dependent transport systems in streptozotocin diabetic rat kidneys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

El-Seifi, S.; Freiberg, J.M.; Kinsella, F.J.; Cheng, L.; Sacktor, B.

1987-01-01

The streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat was used to test the hypothesis that Na + -H + exchange activity in the proximal tubule luminal membrane would be increased in association with renal hypertrophy, altered glomerular hemodynamics, enhanced filtered load and tubular reabsorption of 22 Na + , and stimulated 22 Na= pump activity in the basolateral membrane, previously reported characteristics of this experimental animal model. Amiloride-sensitive H + gradient-dependent Na + uptake and Na + gradient-dependent H + flux were increased in brush-border membrane vesicles from the streptozotocin-treated animals. Na + gradient-dependent uptakes of phosphate, D-glucose, L-proline, and myoinositol were decreased in the drug-induced diabetic animals. These membrane transport alterations were not found when the streptozotocin-diabetic animals were treated with insulin

The two C-terminal tyrosines stabilize occluded Na/K pump conformations containing Na or K ions.

Science.gov (United States)

Vedovato, Natascia; Gadsby, David C

2010-07-01

Interactions of the three transported Na ions with the Na/K pump remain incompletely understood. Na/K pump crystal structures show that the extended C terminus of the Na,K-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) alpha subunit directly contacts transmembrane helices. Deletion of the last five residues (KETYY in almost all Na/K pumps) markedly lowered the apparent affinity for Na activation of pump phosphorylation from ATP, a reflection of cytoplasmic Na affinity for forming the occluded E1P(Na3) conformation. ATPase assays further suggested that C-terminal truncations also interfere with low affinity Na interactions, which are attributable to extracellular effects. Because extracellular Na ions traverse part of the membrane's electric field to reach their binding sites in the Na/K pump, their movements generate currents that can be monitored with high resolution. We report here electrical measurements to examine how Na/K pump interactions with extracellular Na ions are influenced by C-terminal truncations. We deleted the last two (YY) or five (KESYY) residues in Xenopus laevis alpha1 Na/K pumps made ouabain resistant by either of two kinds of point mutations and measured their currents as 10-mM ouabain-sensitive currents in Xenopus oocytes after silencing endogenous Xenopus Na/K pumps with 1 microM ouabain. We found the low affinity inhibitory influence of extracellular Na on outward Na/K pump current at negative voltages to be impaired in all of the C-terminally truncated pumps. Correspondingly, voltage jump-induced transient charge movements that reflect pump interactions with extracellular Na ions were strongly shifted to more negative potentials; this signals a several-fold reduction of the apparent affinity for extracellular Na in the truncated pumps. Parallel lowering of Na affinity on both sides of the membrane argues that the C-terminal contacts provide important stabilization of the occluded E1P(Na3) conformation, regardless of the route of Na ion entry into the

Monoamine oxidase-dependent endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria dysfunction and mast cell degranulation lead to adverse cardiac remodeling in diabetes.

Science.gov (United States)

Deshwal, Soni; Forkink, Marleen; Hu, Chou-Hui; Buonincontri, Guido; Antonucci, Salvatore; Di Sante, Moises; Murphy, Michael P; Paolocci, Nazareno; Mochly-Rosen, Daria; Krieg, Thomas; Di Lisa, Fabio; Kaludercic, Nina

2018-02-19

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors ameliorate contractile function in diabetic animals, but the mechanisms remain unknown. Equally elusive is the interplay between the cardiomyocyte alterations induced by hyperglycemia and the accompanying inflammation. Here we show that exposure of primary cardiomyocytes to high glucose and pro-inflammatory stimuli leads to MAO-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species that causes permeability transition pore opening and mitochondrial dysfunction. These events occur upstream of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and are abolished by the MAO inhibitor pargyline, highlighting the role of these flavoenzymes in the ER/mitochondria cross-talk. In vivo, streptozotocin administration to mice induced oxidative changes and ER stress in the heart, events that were abolished by pargyline. Moreover, MAO inhibition prevented both mast cell degranulation and altered collagen deposition, thereby normalizing diastolic function. Taken together, these results elucidate the mechanisms underlying MAO-induced damage in diabetic cardiomyopathy and provide novel evidence for the role of MAOs in inflammation and inter-organelle communication. MAO inhibitors may be considered as a therapeutic option for diabetic complications as well as for other disorders in which mast cell degranulation is a dominant phenomenon.

A socialização e a criança bilíngue

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paula Cristina Bullio

2010-12-01

Full Text Available

Este artigo tem como objetivo observar e analisar os primeiros dados coletados de uma pesquisa longitudinal com duas crianças bilíngues. Bilinguismo é, para nós, um processo análogo ao de aquisição da língua materna, em que o indivíduo adquire outra língua ao mesmo tempo, ou seja, uma mesma criança é exposta a mais de uma língua desde o nascimento. Acreditamos que a criança constrói a língua e adquire valores sociais, na troca de experiências e, essencialmente, na interação (OCHS; SCHIEFFELIN, 1999 – ela não é uma “tabula rasa”, vazia, pronta para receber informações que depois serão repetidas. As trocas verbais “defi nem” a formação das ideologias e a constituição da subjetividade da criança, que cresce e se desenvolve biologicamente, psicologicamente e socialmente em um ambiente ideológico (BAKHTIN, 1997. Sendo assim, trataremos estas línguas como língua dominante e língua não dominante. Interessa-nos aqui, principalmente, considerar a importância da socialização no processo de aquisição da linguagem, isto é, a maneira pela qual o indivíduo torna-se membro de uma sociedade (OCHS; SCHIEFFELIN, 1999, e observar como se dá essa socialização nas duas línguas.

Anion-coupled Na efflux mediated by the human red blood cell Na/K pump

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dissing, S.; Hoffman, J.F.

1990-01-01

The red cell Na/K pump is known to continue to extrude Na when both Na and K are removed from the external medium. Because this ouabain-sensitive flux occurs in the absence of an exchangeable cation, it is referred to as uncoupled Na efflux. This flux is also known to be inhibited by 5 mM Nao but to a lesser extent than that inhibitable by ouabain. Uncoupled Na efflux via the Na/K pump therefore can be divided into a Nao-sensitive and Nao-insensitive component. We used DIDS-treated, SO4-equilibrated human red blood cells suspended in HEPES-buffered (pHo 7.4) MgSO4 or (Tris)2SO4, in which we measured 22Na efflux, 35SO4 efflux, and changes in the membrane potential with the fluorescent dye, diS-C3 (5). A principal finding is that uncoupled Na efflux occurs electroneurally, in contrast to the pump's normal electrogenic operation when exchanging Nai for Ko. This electroneutral uncoupled efflux of Na was found to be balanced by an efflux of cellular anions. (We were unable to detect any ouabain-sensitive uptake of protons, measured in an unbuffered medium at pH 7.4 with a Radiometer pH-STAT.) The Nao-sensitive efflux of Nai was found to be 1.95 +/- 0.10 times the Nao-sensitive efflux of (SO4)i, indicating that the stoichiometry of this cotransport is two Na+ per SO4=, accounting for 60-80% of the electroneutral Na efflux. The remainder portion, that is, the ouabain-sensitive Nao-insensitive component, has been identified as PO4-coupled Na transport and is the subject of a separate paper. That uncoupled Na efflux occurs as a cotransport with anions is supported by the result, obtained with resealed ghosts, that when internal and external SO4 was substituted by the impermeant anion, tartrate i,o, the efflux of Na was inhibited 60-80%. This inhibition could be relieved by the inclusion, before DIDS treatment, of 5 mM Cli,o

Na5NbO5 and Na5TaO5 phases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Darriet, J.; Maazaz, A.; Bouloux, J.C.; Delmas, C.

1982-01-01

New ternary oxides of formulas Na 5 NbO 5 and Na 5 TaO 5 have been prepared. They crystallize in the monoclinic system (space group C2/c). The crystal structure of Na 5 NbO 5 has been determined. It derives from a NaCl-type structure by ordering of the cations and of the oxygen vacancies in the anionic sublattice, the corresponding formula being Nasub(5/6)Nbsub(1/6)Osub(5/6)vacant sub(1/6). Sodium and niobium have a distorted square-pyramidal surrounding. (author)

Decompressive craniectomy in massive cerebral infarction Craniectomia descompressiva no infarto cerebral extenso

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Paulo Mattos

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Twenty one patients were submitted to decompressive craniectomy for massive cerebral infarct. Ten patients (47.6% presented a good outcome at the 6 months evaluation, eight had a poor outcome (38% and three died (14.2%. There was no outcome statistical difference between surgery before and after 24 hours of ictus, dominant and non-dominant stroke groups. Patients older than 60 years and those who had a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS8 at pre-surgical exam and decompressive craniectomy before signs of brain herniation represent the main factors related to a better outcome. Dominant hemispheric infarction does not represent exclusion criteria.Vinte e um pacientes foram submetidos a craniectomia descompressiva para o tratamento de infarto cerebral extenso. Dez pacientes (47,6% apresentaram boa evolução em avaliação após 6 meses, 8 apresentaram evolução desfavorável (38% e 3 faleceram (14,2%. Durante o seguimento, não se evidenciou diferença estatística na evolução entre pacientes operados antes e após 24 horas do ictus, nem entre lesões envolvendo o hemisfério dominante versus não dominante. Pacientes com mais de 60 anos e aqueles com Escala de Coma de Glasgow (ECG8 no exame pré-operatório e craniectomia descompressiva antes de sinais de herniação cerebral representam os principais fatores relacionados a uma melhor evolução clínica. Infarto hemisférico envolvendo o hemisfério dominante não representa um critério de exclusão.

Synthesis of Na-A and/or Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composites from carbonized rice husk

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Katsuki, Hiroaki; Komarneni, Sridhar

2009-01-01

Na-A and/or Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composites were prepared under hydrothermal conditions by NaOH dissolution of silica first from carbonized rice husk followed by addition of NaAlO 2 and in situ crystallization of zeolites i.e., using a two-step process. When a one-step process was used, both Na-A and Na-X zeolites crystallized on the surface of carbon. Na-A or Na-X zeolite crystals were prepared on the porous carbonized rice husk at 90 deg. C for 2-6 h by changing the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 , H 2 O/Na 2 O and Na 2 O/SiO 2 molar ratios of precursors in the two-step process. The surface area and NH 4 + -cation exchange capacity (CEC) of Na-A zeolite/porous carbon were found to be 171 m 2 /g and 506 meq/100 g, respectively, while those of Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composites were 676 m 2 /g and 317 meq/100 g, respectively. Na-A and Na-X zeolites are well-known microporous and hydrophilic materials while carbonized rice husk was found to be mesoporous (pores of ∼3.9 nm) and hydrophobic. These hybrid microporous-mesoporous and hydrophilic-hydrophobic composites are expected to be useful for decontamination of metal cations as well as organic contaminants simultaneously. - Graphical Abstract: Novel Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composite.

Equilibrium chemical transformations in NaPO3 + NaCl melts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kovarskaya, E.N.; Rodionov, Yu.I.

1988-01-01

Because of the problems of the burial of solidified radioactive wastes into different geological rock formations, in particular into massives of rock-salt, the state of molten polyphosphate-chloride mixtures (taking into account the chemical character of the interaction of their components) for a prolonged period of time. The equilibrium products of the reaction in the NaPO 3 -NaCl system were studied in melts in air in the composition range of 30-70 mole % NaCl. It was shown that with increase in the NaCl content in the mixtures, the polyphosphate gradually depolymerizes to sodium tri-, di-, and monophosphates, and the composition of the equilibrium melts is dependent only on the ratio between the components in the initial molten mixtures. The time until the equilibrium is attained is shorter, the higher is the experimental temperature

Long-Range Effects of Na(+) Binding in Na,K-ATPase Reported by ATP.

Science.gov (United States)

Middleton, David A; Fedosova, Natalya U; Esmann, Mikael

2015-12-01

This paper addresses the question of long-range interactions between the intramembranous cation binding sites and the cytoplasmic nucleotide binding site of the ubiquitous ion-transporting Na,K-ATPase using (13)C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CP-MAS) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. High-affinity ATP binding is induced by the presence of Na(+) as well as of Na-like substances such as Tris(+), and these ions are equally efficient promoters of nucleotide binding. CP-MAS analysis of bound ATP with Na,K-ATPase purified from pig kidney membranes reveals subtle differences in the nucleotide interactions within the nucleotide site depending on whether Na(+) or Tris(+) is used to induce binding. Differences in chemical shifts for ATP atoms C1' and C5' observed in the presence of Na(+) or Tris(+) suggest alterations in the residues surrounding the bound nucleotide, hydrogen bonding, and/or conformation of the ribose ring. This is taken as evidence of a long-distance communication between the Na(+)-filled ion sites in the membrane interior and the nucleotide binding site in the cytoplasmic domain and reflects the first conformational change ultimately leading to phosphorylation of the enzyme. Stopped-flow fluorescence measurements with the nucleotide analogue eosin show that the dissociation rate constant for eosin is larger in Tris(+) than in Na(+), giving kinetic evidence of the difference in structural effects of Na(+) and Tris(+). According to the recent crystal structure of the E1·AlF4(-)·ADP·3Na(+) form, the coupling between the ion binding sites and the nucleotide side is mediated by, among others, the M5 helix.

Interaction between Na+/K+-pump and Na+/Ca2+-exchanger modulates intercellular communication.

Science.gov (United States)

Matchkov, Vladimir V; Gustafsson, Helena; Rahman, Awahan; Briggs Boedtkjer, Donna M; Gorintin, Sarah; Hansen, Anne Kirstine; Bouzinova, Elena V; Praetorius, Helle A; Aalkjaer, Christian; Nilsson, Holger

2007-04-13

Ouabain, a specific inhibitor of the Na(+)/K(+)-pump, has previously been shown to interfere with intercellular communication. Here we test the hypothesis that the communication between vascular smooth muscle cells is regulated through an interaction between the Na(+)/K(+)-pump and the Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchanger leading to an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in discrete areas near the plasma membrane. [Ca(2+)](i) in smooth muscle cells was imaged in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cell pairs (A7r5) and in rat mesenteric small artery segments simultaneously with force. In A7r5 coupling between cells was estimated by measuring membrane capacitance. Smooth muscle cells were uncoupled when the Na(+)/K(+)-pump was inhibited either by a low concentration of ouabain, which also caused a localized increase of [Ca(2+)](i) near the membrane, or by ATP depletion. Reduction of Na(+)/K(+)-pump activity by removal of extracellular potassium ([K(+)](o)) also uncoupled cells, but only after inhibition of K(ATP) channels. Inhibition of the Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchange activity by SEA0400 or by a reduction of the equilibrium potential (making it more negative) also uncoupled the cells. Depletion of intracellular Na(+) and clamping of [Ca(2+)](i) at low concentrations prevented the uncoupling. The experiments suggest that the Na(+)/K(+)-pump may affect gap junction conductivity via localized changes in [Ca(2+)](i) through modulation of Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchanger activity.

Effects of Supported ( n BuCp) 2 ZrCl 2 Catalyst Active-Center Distribution on Ethylene–1-Hexene Copolymer Backbone Heterogeneity and Thermal Behaviors

KAUST Repository

Atiqullah, Muhammad; Anantawaraskul, Siripon; Emwas, Abdul Hamid M; Al-Harthi, Mamdouh A.; Hussain, Ikram; Ul-Hamid, Anwar; Hossaen, Anwar

2013-01-01

Two catalysts, denoted as catalyst 1 [silica/MAO/(nBuCp) 2ZrCl2] and catalyst 2 [silica/nBuSnCl 3/MAO/(nBuCp)2ZrCl2] were synthesized and subsequently used to prepare, without separate feeding of methylaluminoxane (MAO), ethylene homopolymer 1

Intracellular Na(+) and metabolic modulation of Na/K pump and excitability in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yi-Chi; Yang, Jyh-Jeen; Huang, Rong-Chi

2012-10-01

Na/K pump activity and metabolic rate are both higher during the day in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that houses the circadian clock. Here we investigated the role of intracellular Na(+) and energy metabolism in regulating Na/K pump activity and neuronal excitability. Removal of extracellular K(+) to block the Na/K pump excited SCN neurons to fire at higher rates and return to normal K(+) to reactivate the pump produced rebound hyperpolarization to inhibit firing. In the presence of tetrodotoxin to block the action potentials, both zero K(+)-induced depolarization and rebound hyperpolarization were blocked by the cardiac glycoside strophanthidin. Ratiometric Na(+) imaging with a Na(+)-sensitive fluorescent dye indicated saturating accumulation of intracellular Na(+) in response to pump blockade with zero K(+). The Na(+) ionophore monensin also induced Na(+) loading and hyperpolarized the membrane potential, with the hyperpolarizing effect of monensin abolished in zero Na(+) or by pump blockade. Conversely, Na(+) depletion with Na(+)-free pipette solution depolarized membrane potential but retained residual Na/K pump activity. Cyanide inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation blocked the Na/K pump to depolarize resting potential and increase spontaneous firing in most cells, and to raise intracellular Na(+) levels in all cells. Nonetheless, the Na/K pump was incompletely blocked by cyanide but completely blocked by iodoacetate to inhibit glycolysis, indicating the involvement of both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in fueling the Na/K pump. Together, the results indicate the importance of intracellular Na(+) and energy metabolism in regulating Na/K pump activity as well as neuronal excitability in the SCN neurons.

Brasil periferia(s): a comunicação insurgente do Hip-Hop

OpenAIRE

Moassab, Andreia

2008-01-01

Esta tese discute os processos de resistência realizados em ações de milhares de jovens do hip-hop que, no mundo contemporâneo, participam ativamente na produção de conhecimento e ressignificação das periferias brasileiras. Trata-se de uma voz que se impõe face às construções simbólicas homogeneizantes produzidas pelo pensamento dominante, em torno de valores e da criação de desejos em concordância estrita com aqueles do sistema econômico hegemônico. Entende-se que a base da...

As narrativas do poder: aproximações cambiantes entre jornalismo narrativo e decolonialidade

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guilherme Cruz

2017-12-01

Full Text Available A mirada da nueva crónica latinoamericana possibilita visualizar diálogos com o pensamento decolonial. As movimentações desses grupos principiam uma propulsão interdisciplinar. Esse trabalho realiza um levante para o entendimento, diagnóstico e análise dessa movimentação que envolve o desmantelamento de representações dominantes, articulação do imaginário, ampliação da atuação política e percepção de ondas contra-hegemônicas na América Latina.

Save the Sunday: a cocriação como ferramenta para a criação de novos negócios em jornalismo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Flávia Hantt

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo, analisa-se como os veículos de comunicação utilizam a cocriação para desenvolver novos formatos de negócios, sob a ótica da Lógica Dominante do Serviço em Marketing (VARGO E LUSCH, 2004. Considera-se o trabalho que adotam na relação com anunciantes, com o objetivo de gerar receita e fortalecer a marca das empresas. Por se tratar de um campo ainda pouco pesquisado, optou-se por uma metodologia qualitativa-exploratória, mediante estudo de caso realizado no Jornal Folha do Mate.

Transformações no modelo industrial, "novos" trabalhos e nova temporalidade

OpenAIRE

Aquino,Cássio Adriano Braz de

2007-01-01

O presente artigo visa à análise da transformação da temporalidade, como elemento chave para a compreensão das mudanças no mundo do trabalho. Tomamos como referente dessa análise as teorias dos tempos sociais e a idéia do tempo dominante na constituição dos quadros temporais das sociedades. A passagem de um modelo de temporalidade relativamente estável e quase hegemônica do modelo industrial, para um tempo cada vez mais diversificado e diluído, advindo das novas jornadas - com durações e ritm...

Estereótipos da Migração Produzidos pelo Discurso da Mídia Impressa Nacional - 10.5102/uri.v3i2.280

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irmã Eléia Scariot

2007-09-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho analisa o discurso jornalístico da mídia impressa nacional em relação à migração, demonstrando a influência da globalização no crescente fluxo migratório forçado. No desenvolver deste artigo, tenta-se mostrar que o discurso dos mass media é resultado do pensamento da elite dominante que contribui na criação de estereótipos pejorativos acerca do migrante, sobretudo quando pertence ao grupo dos excluídos pelo sistema hegemônico vigente.

Controlo da alergenicidade do soro de leite por reticulação com transglutaminase

OpenAIRE

Aguiar, Sara Sofia de Jesus

2017-01-01

As alergias alimentares estão classificadas entre os maiores problemas de saúde humana pela OMS. O soro de leite apresenta uma mistura de proteínas, contendo todos os aminoácidos essenciais sendo a β-lactoglobulina a proteína alergénica dominante. Devido à elevada taxa de consumo do soro de leite é fundamental encontrar uma metodologia que reduza o potencial alergénico das proteínas do soro sem as remover. A reticulação de proteínas pela transglutaminase é uma técnica recente que permit...

El legado psicológico de Rogelio Díaz-Guerrero

OpenAIRE

Reynaldo Alarcón

2010-01-01

O autor identifica quatro dimensões básicas na obra do psicólogo mexicano Rogelio Díaz-Guerrero (1918-2004): a) seu interesse pioneiro por construir uma psicología do mexicano se inicia com a publicação de Estudios de psicología del mexicano (1961) e culmina 42 anos depois com seu livro Bajo las garras de la cultura. Psicología del mexicano 2 (2003); b) a orientação culturalista de seu pensamento; c) sua adesão à psicologia transcultural, em reação ao etnocentrismo psicológico dominante em su...

Casos controversos sob o enfoque de um paradigma indiciário: o ensino de ciências no horizonte formativo da cidadania ambiental

OpenAIRE

Carmen Roselaine de Oliveira Farias; Elisabeth Barolli

2013-01-01

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-795X.2013v31n3p1131 Neste ensaio teórico as autoras apresentam uma crítica aos modelos epistemológicos e pedagógicos dominantes no ensino de ciências e apresentam uma perspectiva sobre o uso de casos controversos que leva em conta expectativas de formação para a cidadania socioambiental. O argumento central é que casos podem contribuir para a compreensão de questões ambientais na escola a partir de uma postura investigativa que tem suas raízes em um mod...

Bruxas: figuras de poder

OpenAIRE

Paola Basso Menna Barreto Gomes Zordan

2005-01-01

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-026X2005000200006 As mulheres que tanto a história como a imaginação popular mitificaram como “bruxas” constituem figuras que expurgam as fobias da Contra Reforma. As bruxas foram torturadas e queimadas para sinalizar os perigos de práticas e saberes à margem da Igreja e de outras instituições dominantes na Idade Moderna. Parteiras, curandeiras e carpideiras, as bruxas misturam em seu caldeirão os mistérios da vida e da morte herdados das tradições pagãs. E...

Synthesis of zeolites Na-A and Na-X from tablet compressed and calcinated coal fly ash

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, Tao; Gao, Wenyan; Liu, Xin; Zhang, Yifu; Meng, Changgong

2017-10-01

Zeolites Na-A and Na-X are important synthetic zeolites widely used for separation and adsorption in industry. It is of great significance to develop energy-efficient routines that can synthesize zeolites Na-A and Na-X from low-cost raw materials. Coal fly ash (CFA) is the major residue from the combustion of coal and biomass containing more than 85% SiO2 and Al2O3, which can readily replace the conventionally used sodium silicate and aluminate for zeolite synthesis. We used Na2CO3 to replace the expensive NaOH used for the calcination of CFA and showed that tablet compression can enhance the contact with Na2CO3 for the activation of CFA through calcination for the synthesis of zeolites Na-A and Na-X under mild conditions. We optimized the control variables for zeolite synthesis and showed that phase-pure zeolite Na-A can be synthesized with CFA at reactant molar ratio, hydrothermal reaction temperature and reaction time of 1.3Na2O: 0.6Al2O3: 1SiO2: 38H2O at 80°C for 6 h, respectively, while phase-pure zeolite Na-X can be synthesized at 2.2Na2O: 0.2Al2O3: 1SiO2: 88H2O at 100°C for 8 h, respectively. The composition, morphology, specific surface area, vibration spectrum and thermogravimetry of synthesized Na-A and Na-X were further characterized.

The CERES / NA45 experiment

CERN Multimedia

Laurent Guiraud

2000-01-01

Ceres is one of the second generation heavy ion experiments at CERN's SPS. It is dedicated to the study of electron-positron pairs in relativistic nuclear collisions. NA45 is one of the seven experiments (NA44, NA45, NA49, NA50, NA52, WA97/NA57 and WA98) involved in CERN's Heavy Ion programme which provided evidence for the existence of a new state of matter, the quark-gluon plasma. In this state, quarks, instead of being bound up into more complex particles such as protons and neutrons, are liberated and roam freely. Theory predicts that this state must have existed at about 10 microseconds after the Big Bang, before the formation of matter as we know it today.

Calcium-sensitive regulation of monoamine oxidase-A contributes to the production of peroxyradicals in hippocampal cultures: implications for Alzheimer disease-related pathology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Li XinMin

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Calcium (Ca2+ has recently been shown to selectively increase the activity of monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A, a mitochondria-bound enzyme that generates peroxyradicals as a natural by-product of the deamination of neurotransmitters such as serotonin. It has also been suggested that increased intracellular free Ca2+ levels as well as MAO-A may be contributing to the oxidative stress associated with Alzheimer disease (AD. Results Incubation with Ca2+ selectively increases MAO-A enzymatic activity in protein extracts from mouse hippocampal HT-22 cell cultures. Treatment of HT-22 cultures with the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 also increases MAO-A activity, whereas overexpression of calbindin-D28K (CB-28K, a Ca2+-binding protein in brain that is greatly reduced in AD, decreases MAO-A activity. The effects of A23187 and CB-28K are both independent of any change in MAO-A protein or gene expression. The toxicity (via production of peroxyradicals and/or chromatin condensation associated with either A23187 or the AD-related β-amyloid peptide, which also increases free intracellular Ca2+, is attenuated by MAO-A inhibition in HT-22 cells as well as in primary hippocampal cultures. Conclusion These data suggest that increases in intracellular Ca2+ availability could contribute to a MAO-A-mediated mechanism with a role in AD-related oxidative stress.

The rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism mutation D923N of the Na+, K+-ATPase alpha3 isoform disrupts Na+ interaction at the third Na+ site.

Science.gov (United States)

Einholm, Anja Pernille; Toustrup-Jensen, Mads S; Holm, Rikke; Andersen, Jens Peter; Vilsen, Bente

2010-08-20

Rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism (RDP), a rare neurological disorder, is caused by mutation of the neuron-specific alpha3-isoform of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase. Here, we present the functional consequences of RDP mutation D923N. Relative to the wild type, the mutant exhibits a remarkable approximately 200-fold reduction of Na(+) affinity for activation of phosphorylation from ATP, reflecting a defective interaction of the E(1) form with intracellular Na(+). This is the largest effect on Na(+) affinity reported so far for any Na(+), K(+)-ATPase mutant. D923N also affects the interaction with extracellular Na(+) normally driving the E(1)P to E(2)P conformational transition backward. However, no impairment of K(+) binding was observed for D923N, leading to the conclusion that Asp(923) is specifically associated with the third Na(+) site that is selective toward Na(+). The crystal structure of the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase in E(2) form shows that Asp(923) is located in the cytoplasmic half of transmembrane helix M8 inside a putative transport channel, which is lined by residues from the transmembrane helices M5, M7, M8, and M10 and capped by the C terminus, recently found involved in recognition of the third Na(+) ion. Structural modeling of the E(1) form of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase based on the Ca(2+)-ATPase crystal structure is consistent with the hypothesis that Asp(923) contributes to a site binding the third Na(+) ion. These results in conjunction with our previous findings with other RDP mutants suggest that a selective defect in the handling of Na(+) may be a general feature of the RDP disorder.

Effect of γ-ray Irradiation On the Activities of Monoamine Oxidase in Rat Brain and Liver

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Joo Young; Choi, Myung Sun; Choi, Myung Un

1993-01-01

In order to evaluate the effects of radiation on mammalian neuronal system, we have examined the effect of gamma-ray radiation on the monoamine oxidase(MAO) activity in monoaminergic neurons. Following the whole body irradiation, MAO activity in the rat brain was measured as well as in the liver for the comparative studies between the neuronal and nonneuronal system. The effects of some radiation protectors and sensitizers were also examined in addition to the O2 effect. The results can be summarized as follows. 1) The MAO activity of rat brain was minimally affected by the radiation dose up to 1,700 cGy. Radiation dose above 2,500 cGy inhibited the brain MAO activity by no less than 10%. MAO-A form was found to be particularly sensitive to radiation. The liver MAO was somewhat inhibited(by about 5%) but hard1y dependent on the dose of radiation. 2) The inhibitory effect on the brain was initiated immediately by the radiation dose of 2,500 cGy. On the contrary, for the liver, the inhibitory effect became apparent only 2 days after irradiation. 3) Two days after a dose of 2,500 cGy, Vmax and Km of the brain mitochondrial MAO decreased. for liver, Vmax decreased while Km increased, which indicates the kinetic patterns for the neuronal and nonneruronal systems are not affected similarly by radiation. 4) The effect of several known radiation protectors and sensitizers on MAO activity was tested but no definite results were obtained. The level of -SH group increased in some degree upon radiation but not by the compounds. 5) MAO activity was not affected by O2 concentration, while an elevated level of lipid peroxidase was found udder the same condition. The results described here indicate that characteristics of MAO, one of the most important central nervous system enzymes, are liable to radiation, which is partially differentiated from the liver MAO. Also indicated are that the -SH groups are hardly related to the effect of radiation but the production of the lipid

Recikliranje plastenk na kreativen način

OpenAIRE

Pavlin, Suzana

2017-01-01

Plastenke, poleg ostalih plastičnih izdelkov, v zadnjih letih predstavljajo pravo katastrofo za okolje. Domnevamo, da se le redko kdo vpraša, kaj se zgodi z njo po tem, ko je iz nje zaužil še zadnjo kapljico vode. Plastenka je lahko kot večina ostalih komunalnih odpadkov ponovno uporabljena, reciklirana, sežgana ali odložena na deponijo. V primeru nespoštovanja Zakona o varstvu okolja pa pristane v naravi, pogosto v morju, kjer prav počasi razpada in negativno vpliva na celoten ekosistem. V d...

Electrophoresis of platelet monoamine oxidase in schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Belmaker, R.H.; Ebstein, R.; Rimon, R.; Wyatt, R.J.; Murphy, D.L.

1976-01-01

Monoamine oxidase is an important enzyme in the catabolism of biogenic amines and can be measured in human platelets. Platelet MAO has been reported to be reduced in schizophrenic and manic-depressive patients, though other reports are contradictory. The present study evaluated the possibility that qualitative genetic enzyme abnormalities of MAO could be responsible for the different enzyme activities of platelet MAO in different populations. However, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of platelet MAO from 10 manic-depressive, 12 schizophrenic, and 11 normal individuals did not reveal any genetic mutant forms. (author)

Plant Defensins NaD1 and NaD2 Induce Different Stress Response Pathways in Fungi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Peter M. Dracatos

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Nicotiana alata defensins 1 and 2 (NaD1 and NaD2 are plant defensins from the ornamental tobacco that have antifungal activity against a variety of fungal pathogens. Some plant defensins interact with fungal cell wall O-glycosylated proteins. Therefore, we investigated if this was the case for NaD1 and NaD2, by assessing the sensitivity of the three Aspergillus nidulans (An O-mannosyltransferase (pmt knockout (KO mutants (An∆pmtA, An∆pmtB, and An∆pmtC. An∆pmtA was resistant to both defensins, while An∆pmtC was resistant to NaD2 only, suggesting NaD1 and NaD2 are unlikely to have a general interaction with O-linked side chains. Further evidence of this difference in the antifungal mechanism was provided by the dissimilarity of the NaD1 and NaD2 sensitivities of the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol signalling knockout mutants from the cell wall integrity (CWI and high osmolarity glycerol (HOG mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK pathways. HOG pathway mutants were sensitive to both NaD1 and NaD2, while CWI pathway mutants only displayed sensitivity to NaD2.

Glutamate Water Gates in the Ion Binding Pocket of Na(+) Bound Na(+), K(+)-ATPase

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Han, Minwoo; Kopec, Wojciech; Solov'yov, Ilia A

2017-01-01

III is always protonated. Glutamic acid residues in the three binding sites act as water gates, and their deprotonation triggers water entry to the binding sites. From DFT calculations of Na(+) binding energies, we conclude that three protons in the binding site are needed to effectively bind Na......The dynamically changing protonation states of the six acidic amino acid residues in the ion binding pocket of the Na(+), K(+) -ATPase (NKA) during the ion transport cycle are proposed to drive ion binding, release and possibly determine Na(+) or K(+) selectivity. We use molecular dynamics (MD......(+) from water and four are needed to release them in the next step. Protonation of Asp926 in site III will induce Na(+) release, and Glu327, Glu954 and Glu779 are all likely to be protonated in the Na(+) bound occluded conformation. Our data provides key insights into the role of protons in the Na...

In Vivo Metabolic Trapping Radiotracers for Imaging Monoamine Oxidase-A and –B Enzymatic Activity

Science.gov (United States)

Brooks, Allen F.; Shao, Xia; Quesada, Carole A.; Sherman, Phillip; Scott, Peter J.H.; Kilbourn, Michael R.

2017-01-01

The isozymes of monoamine oxidase (MAO-A and MAO-B) are important enzymes involved in the metabolism of numerous biogenic amines, including the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. Recently, changes in concentrations of MAO-B have been proposed as an in vivo marker of neuroinflammation associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Previous developments of in vivo radiotracers for imaging changes in MAO enzyme expression or activity have utilized the irreversible propargylamine-based suicide inhibitors, or high-affinity reversibly-binding inhibitors. As an alternative approach, we have investigated 1-[11C]methyl-4-aryloxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines as metabolic trapping agents for the monoamine oxidases. MAO-mediated oxidation and spontaneous hydrolysis yields 1-[11C]methyl-2,3-dihydro-4-pyridinone as a hydrophilic metabolite that is trapped within brain tissues. Radiotracers with phenyl, biphenyl and 7-coumarinyl ethers were evaluated using microPET imaging in rat and primate brain. No isozyme selectivity for radiotracer trapping was observed in the rat brain for any compound, but in the monkey brain the phenyl ether demonstrated MAO-A selectivity, and the coumarinyl ether showed MAO-B selectivity. These are lead compounds for further development of 1-[11C]methyl-4-aryloxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines with optimized brain pharmacokinetics and isozyme selectivity. PMID:26393369

Sequence analysis and transcript identification within 1.5 MB of DNA deleted together with the NDP and MAO genes in atypical Norrie disease patients presenting with a profound phenotype.

Science.gov (United States)

Suárez-Merino, B; Bye, J; McDowall, J; Ross, M; Craig, I W

2001-06-01

Mutations at the Norrie disease gene locus, NDP, manifest in a broad range of defects. These range from a relatively mild, late-onset, exudative vitreoretinopathy to congenital blindness and sensorineural deafness combined, in some cases, with mental retardation. In addition, extensive deletions involving the NDP locus, located at Xp11.3, the adjacent monoamine oxidadase genes MAOA and MAOB, and additional material, result in a more severe pattern of symptoms. The phenotypes include all or some of the following; mental retardation, involuntary movements, hypertensive crises and hypogonadism. We extended an existing YAC contig to embrace the boundaries of three of the largest deletions and converted this into four PAC contigs. Computer analysis and experimental data have resulted in the identification of several putative loci, including a phosphatase inhibitor 2-like gene (dJ154.1) and a 250-bp sequence which resembles a homeobox domain (dA113.3), 1.2 Mb and 400 kb respectively from the MAO/NDP cluster. The pattern of expression of dJ154.1 suggests that it may represent an important factor contributing to the complex phenotypes of these deletion patients. Hum Mutat 17:523, 2001. Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

NA62 and NA48/2 results on search for Heavy Neutral Leptons

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lamanna Gianluca

2018-01-01

Full Text Available In this paper we present new results on upper limits for the search of Heavy Neutral Leptons (HNL with data collected by NA48/2 (2003-2004, NA62-RK (2007 and NA62 (2015 CERN experiments. The data collected with different trigger configuration allow to search for both long and short living heavy neutrinos in the mass range below the kaon mass. In addition the status of the search for K+ → π+vv with the NA62 detector will be briefly presented.

Novel multifunctional neuroprotective iron chelator-monoamine oxidase inhibitor drugs for neurodegenerative diseases: in vitro studies on antioxidant activity, prevention of lipid peroxide formation and monoamine oxidase inhibition.

Science.gov (United States)

Zheng, Hailin; Gal, Shunit; Weiner, Lev M; Bar-Am, Orit; Warshawsky, Abraham; Fridkin, Mati; Youdim, Moussa B H

2005-10-01

Iron-dependent oxidative stress, elevated levels of iron and of monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B activity, and depletion of antioxidants in the brain may be major pathogenic factors in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative diseases. Accordingly, iron chelators, antioxidants and MAO-B inhibitors have shown efficacy in a variety of cellular and animal models of CNS injury. In searching for novel antioxidant iron chelators with potential MAO-B inhibitory activity, a series of new iron chelators has been designed, synthesized and investigated. In this study, the novel chelators were further examined for their activity as antioxidants, MAO-B inhibitors and neuroprotective agents in vitro. Three of the selected chelators (M30, HLA20 and M32) were the most effective in inhibiting iron-dependent lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates with IC50 values (12-16 microM), which is comparable with that of desferal, a prototype iron chelator that is not has orally active. Their antioxidant activities were further confirmed using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. In PC12 cell culture, the three novel chelators at 0.1 microM were able to attenuate cell death induced by serum deprivation and by 6-hydroxydopamine. M30 possessing propargyl, the MAO inhibitory moiety of the anti-Parkinson drug rasagiline, displayed greater neuroprotective potency than that of rasagiline. In addition, in vitro, M30 was a highly potent non-selective MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitor (IC50 < 0.1 microM). However, HLA20 was more selective for MAO-B but had poor MAO inhibition, with an IC50 value of 64.2 microM. The data suggest that M30 and HLA20 might serve as leads in developing drugs with multifunctional activities for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders.

A multiple treatment comparison meta-analysis of monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors for Parkinson's disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Binde, C D; Tvete, I F; Gåsemyr, J; Natvig, B; Klemp, M

2018-05-30

To the best of our knowledge, there are no systematic reviews or meta-analyses that compare rasagiline, selegiline and safinamide. Therefore, we aimed to perform a drug class review comparing all available monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) inhibitors in a multiple treatment comparison. We performed a systematic literature search to identify randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of MAO-B inhibitors in patients with Parkinson's disease. MAO-B inhibitors were evaluated either as monotherapy or in combination with levodopa or dopamine agonists. Endpoints of interest were change in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score and serious adverse events. We estimated the relative effect of each MAO-B inhibitor versus the comparator drug by creating three networks of direct and indirect comparisons. For each of the networks, we considered a joint model. The systematic literature search and study selection process identified 27 publications eligible for our three network analyses. We found the relative effects of rasagiline, safinamide and selegiline treatment given alone and compared to placebo in a model without explanatory variables to be 1.560 (1.409, 1.734), 1.449 (0.873, 2.413) and 1.532 (1.337, 1.757) respectively. We also found all MAO-B inhibitors to be efficient when given together with levodopa. When ranking the MAO-B inhibitors given in combination with levodopa, selegiline was the most effective and rasagiline was the second best. All of the included MAO-B inhibitors were effective compared to placebo when given as monotherapy. Combination therapy with MAO-B inhibitors and levodopa showed that all three MAO-B inhibitors were effective compared to placebo, but selegiline was the most effective drug. © 2018 The British Pharmacological Society.

Transmural gradients in Na/K pump activity and [Na+]I in canine ventricle.

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, J; Wang, W; Cohen, I S; Mathias, R T

2005-09-01

There are well-documented differences in ion channel activity and action potential shape between epicardial (EPI), midmyocardial (MID), and endocardial (ENDO) ventricular myocytes. The purpose of this study was to determine if differences exist in Na/K pump activity. The whole cell patch-clamp was used to measure Na/K pump current (I(P)) and inward background Na(+)-current (I(inb)) in cells isolated from canine left ventricle. All currents were normalized to membrane capacitance. I(P) was measured as the current blocked by a saturating concentration of dihydro-ouabain. [Na(+)](i) was measured using SBFI-AM. I(P)(ENDO) (0.34 +/- 0.04 pA/pF, n = 17) was smaller than I(P)(EPI) (0.68 +/- 0.09 pA/pF, n = 38); the ratio was 0.50 with I(P)(MID) being intermediate (0.53 +/- 0.13 pA/pF, n = 19). The dependence of I(P) on [Na(+)](i) or voltage was essentially identical in EPI and ENDO (half-maximal activation at 9-10 mM [Na(+)](i) or approximately -90 mV). Increasing [K(+)](o) from 5.4 to 15 mM caused both I(P)(ENDO) and I(P)(EPI) to increase, but the ratio remained approximately 0.5. I(inb) in EPI and ENDO were nearly identical ( approximately 0.6 pA/pF). Physiological [Na(+)](i) was lower in EPI (7 +/- 2 mM, n = 31) than ENDO (12 +/- 3 mM, n = 29), with MID being intermediate (9 +/- 3 mM, n = 22). When cells were paced at 2 Hz, [Na(+)](i) increased but the differences persisted (ENDO 14 +/- 3 mM, n = 10; EPI 9 +/- 2 mM, n = 10; and MID intermediate, 11 +/- 2 mM, n = 9). Based on these results, the larger I(P) in EPI appears to reflect a higher maximum turnover rate, which implies either a larger number of active pumps or a higher turnover rate per pump protein. The transmural gradient in [Na(+)](i) means physiological I(P) is approximately uniform across the ventricular wall, whereas transporters that utilize the transmembrane electrochemical gradient for Na(+), such as Na/Ca exchange, have a larger driving force in EPI than ENDO.

Preparation and characterization of HA microflowers coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation and a solution treatment

Science.gov (United States)

Tang, Hui; Yu, Dezhen; Luo, Yan; Wang, Fuping

2013-01-01

Magnesium and its alloys are potential biodegradable implant materials due to their attractive biological properties. But the use of magnesium is still hampered by its poor corrosion resistance in physiological fluids. In this work, hydroxyapatite microflowers coating is fabricated by micro-arc oxidation and a solution treatment on AZ31 magnesium alloy. The microstructure and composition are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are studied in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution, and the apatite-forming ability is studied also. The results show that the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy has been enhanced by MAO coating. And the solution treatment can improve the corrosion resistance of the MAO sample, by forming a barrier layer on the surface of the MAO coating, and by penetrating into the outer layer of the MAO film, sealing the micropores and micro-cracks existed in the MAO coating. In addition, the MAO-ST coating also exhibits a high ability to form apatite.

In-vivo studies by positron emission tomography of the pharmacokinetics of L-6-F-18-fluorodopa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pate, B.D.; Calne, D.B.; Hewitt, K.A.; Ruth, T.J.; Adam, M.J.

1989-01-01

Positron emission tomography has been used to study the pharmacokinetics of fluorine-18-labelled L-6-fluorodopa in the brains of cynomolgus monkey subjects. The protocol for each experiment consisted of two series of twelve 10-minutes scans, conducted one after the other with the monkey in the same position, with an inhibitor acting at a specific stage of the kinetics, administered before the second series. Subtractions of the two scan series (following correction for activity residue in the second scans) then gave a quantitative measure of the effects produced by the inhibitor. The inhibitors studied include NSD 1015 (decarboxylase inhibitor), chlorgyline (MAO-A inhibitor), deprenyl (MAO-B inhibitor), pargyline (inhibitor of both MAO-A and MAO-B), U-0521 (COMT inhibitor), and reserpine (vesicular storage inhibitor). The results show that L-6-fluorodopa is a substrate for dopa decarboxylase, while fluorodopamine is a substrate for both MAO-A and MAO-B, and for COMT. Vesicular storage (inhibited by reserpine) was shown also to be essential for concentration of the activity into striatal images

Reye's syndrome: salicylate and mitochondrial monoamine oxidase function

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Faraj, B.A.; Caplan, D.; Lolies, P.

1986-01-01

It has been suggested that aspirin is somehow linked with the onset of Reye's syndrome (RS). A general feature of Reye's syndrome is severe impairment of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) function. The main objective of this investigation was to study the effect of salicylate on platelet mitochondrial MAO activity in three groups: group A (healthy children, n = 21) and group C (healthy adults, n = 10). Platelet MAO was measured by radio-enzymatic technique with 14 C-tyramine as a substrate. The results showed that salicyclate (10 mM) had a 20 to 60 percent inhibitory effect on platelet MAO function in only 1, 3 and 2 of the subjects in group A, B and C. Furthermore, there was an association between low enzyme activity and salicylate MAO inhibitory effect in these subjects. These preliminary findings suggest that salicylate may induce deterioration in mitochondrial function in susceptible individuals and that the assessment of salicylate MAO inhibitory effect may identify those who may be at risk to develop aspirin poisoning and Reye's syndrome

Structure-Based Design and Optimization of Multitarget-Directed 2H-Chromen-2-one Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase B and Cholinesterases.

Science.gov (United States)

Farina, Roberta; Pisani, Leonardo; Catto, Marco; Nicolotti, Orazio; Gadaleta, Domenico; Denora, Nunzio; Soto-Otero, Ramon; Mendez-Alvarez, Estefania; Passos, Carolina S; Muncipinto, Giovanni; Altomare, Cosimo D; Nurisso, Alessandra; Carrupt, Pierre-Alain; Carotti, Angelo

2015-07-23

The multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease calls for the development of multitarget agents addressing key pathogenic processes. To this end, by following a docking-assisted hybridization strategy, a number of aminocoumarins were designed, prepared, and tested as monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase (AChE and BChE) inhibitors. Highly flexible N-benzyl-N-alkyloxy coumarins 2-12 showed good inhibitory activities at MAO-B, AChE, and BChE but low selectivity. More rigid inhibitors, bearing meta- and para-xylyl linkers, displayed good inhibitory activities and high MAO-B selectivity. Compounds 21, 24, 37, and 39, the last two featuring an improved hydrophilic/lipophilic balance, exhibited excellent activity profiles with nanomolar inhibitory potency toward hMAO-B, high hMAO-B over hMAO-A selectivity and submicromolar potency at hAChE. Cell-based assays of BBB permeation, neurotoxicity, and neuroprotection supported the potential of compound 37 as a BBB-permeant neuroprotective agent against H2O2-induced oxidative stress with poor interaction as P-gp substrate and very low cytotoxicity.

Reactions of metal oxides with molten NaPO3 + NaCl mixtures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kovarskaya, E.N.; Mityakhina, V.S.; Rodionov, Yu.I.; Silin, M.Yu.

1988-01-01

We consider the dissolution mechanism for iron (III), europium(III), and tin(IV) oxides in molten NaPO 3 + NaCl that are responsible for the peak solubilities. We chose Fe 2 O 3 as the basic material since this occurs in large amounts around damaged metal structures in rock salt mines in a proposed zone for storing vitrified radioactive wastes. Solubility measurement and paper chromatography show that Fe 2 O 3 dissolves in molten NaPO 3 + NaCl in air by reaction with the solvent to give double iron and sodium diphosphates and monophosphates in accordance with the initial solution-in-the-melt composition, the degree of equilibration, and the temperature. The elevated solubilities for initial NaCl contents close to 30 mole % are due to sodium triphosphates and tricyclophosphates present in these melts. Moessbauer spectroscopy confirms that double iron, europium and tin diphosphates and monophosphates containing sodium occur in these chloride-polyphosphate melts

Na(+),K (+)-ATPase as a docking station: protein-protein complexes of the Na(+),K (+)-ATPase.

Science.gov (United States)

Reinhard, Linda; Tidow, Henning; Clausen, Michael J; Nissen, Poul

2013-01-01

The Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, or sodium pump, is well known for its role in ion transport across the plasma membrane of animal cells. It carries out the transport of Na(+) ions out of the cell and of K(+) ions into the cell and thus maintains electrolyte and fluid balance. In addition to the fundamental ion-pumping function of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, recent work has suggested additional roles for Na(+),K(+)-ATPase in signal transduction and biomembrane structure. Several signaling pathways have been found to involve Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, which serves as a docking station for a fast-growing number of protein interaction partners. In this review, we focus on Na(+),K(+)-ATPase as a signal transducer, but also briefly discuss other Na(+),K(+)-ATPase protein-protein interactions, providing a comprehensive overview of the diverse signaling functions ascribed to this well-known enzyme.

Characterization of Na+-linked and Na+-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchange systems in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cassel, D.; Scharf, O.; Rotman, M.; Cragoe, E.J. Jr.; Katz, M.

1988-01-01

The PS120 variant of Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts which lacks Na + /H + exchange activity was used to investigate bicarbonate transport systems and their role in intracellular pH (pH/sub i/) regulation. When pH/sub i/ was decreased by acid load, bicarbonate caused pH/sub i/ increase and stimulated 36 Cl - efflux from the cells, both in a Na + -dependent manner. These results together with previous findings that bicarbonate stimulates 22 Na + uptake in PS120 cells demonstrate the presence of a Na + -linked Cl - /HCO 3 - exchange system. In cells with normal initial pH/sub i/, bicarbonate caused Na + -independent pH/sub i/ increase in Cl - -free solutions and stimulated Na + -independent 36 Cl - efflux, indicating that a Na + -independent Cl - /HCO 3 - exchanger is also present in the cell. Na + -linked and Na + -independent Cl - /HCO 3- exchange is apparently mediated by two distinct systems, since a [(tetrahydrofluorene-7-yl)oxy]acetic acid derivative selectively inhibits the Na + -independent exchanger. An additional distinctive features is a 10-fold lower affinity for chloride of the Na + -linked exchanger. The Na + -linked and Na + -independent Cl - /HCO 3 - exchange systems are likely to protect the cell from acid and alkaline load, respectively

Evaluating the Effect of Rainfall Infiltration on the Slope Stability of T16 tower of Taipei Mao-kong Gondola by Numerical Methods

Science.gov (United States)

RUNG, J.

2013-12-01

In this study, a series of rainfall-stability analyses were performed to simulate the failure mechanism and the function of remediation works of the down slope of T-16 tower pier, Mao-Kong gondola (or T-16 Slope) at the hillside of Taipei City using two-dimensional finite element method. The failure mechanism of T-16 Slope was simulated using the rainfall hyetograph of Jang-Mi typhoon in 2008 based on the field investigation data, monitoring data, soil/rock mechanical testing data and detail design plots of remediation works. Eventually, the numerical procedures and various input parameters in the analysis were verified by comparing the numerical results with the field observations. In addition, 48 hrs design rainfalls corresponding to 5, 10, 25 and 50 years return periods were prepared using the 20 years rainfall data of Mu-Zha rainfall observation station, Central Weather Bureau for the rainfall-stability analyses of T-16 Slope to inspect the effect of the compound stabilization works on the overall stability of the slope. At T-16 Slope, without considering the longitudinal and transverse drainages on the ground surface, there totally 4 types of stabilization works were installed to stabilize the slope. From the slope top to the slope toe, the stabilization works of T-16 Slope consists of RC-retaining wall with micro-pile foundation at the up-segment, earth anchor at the up-middle-segment, soil nailing at the middle-segment and retaining pile at the down-segment of the slope. The effect of each individual stabilization work on the slope stability under rainfall condition was examined and evaluated by raising field groundwater level.

Applying dam height-storage curve to geomorphic features analysis within virtual geographic environment: a case study of the Hong-Shi-Mao watershed

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Daojun; Gong, Jianhua; Ma, Ainai; Li, Wenhang; Wang, Xijun

2005-10-01

There are generally two kinds of approaches to studying geomorphic features in terms of the quantification level and difference of major considerations. One is the earlier qualitative characterization, and the other is the 2-dimension measurement that includes section pattern and projection pattern. With the development of geo-information technology, especially the 3-D geo-visualization and virtual geographic environments (VGE), 3-dimension measurement and dynamic interactive between users and geo-data/geo-graphics can be developed to understand geomorphic features deeply, and to benefit to the effective applications of such features for geographic projects like dam construction. Storage-elevation curve is very useful for site selection of projects and flood dispatching in water conservancy region, but it is just a tool querying one value from the other one. In fact, storage-elevation curve can represent comprehensively the geomorphic features including vertical section, cross section of the stream and the landform nearby. In this paper, we use quadratic regression equation shaped like y = ax2 + bx + c and the DEM data of Hong-Shi-Mao watershed, Zi Chang County, ShaanXi Province, China to find out the relationship between the coefficients of the equation and the geomorphic features based on VGE platform. It's exciting that the coefficient "a" appear to be correlative strongly with the stream scale, and the coefficient "b" may give an index to the valley shape. In the end, we use a sub-basin named Hao-Jia-Gou of the watershed as an application. The result of correlative research about quadratic regression equation and geomorphic features can save computing and improve the efficiency in silt dam systems planning.

Tänavuses Nobeli meditsiinipreemias on ka saarlaste panus / Heidi-Ingrid Maaroos

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Maaroos, Heidi-Ingrid, 1942-

2005-01-01

Tänavuse Nobeli meditsiinipreemia said Austraalia teadlased Barry J. Marshall ja Robin Warren Helicobacter pylori nimelise bakteri avastamise eest mao limaskesta põletiku ning mao- ja kaksteistsõrmiku haavandi tekitajana 1982. aastal. Saaremaaga on seekordne preemia seotud seetõttu, et 1979. aastal osalesid paljud saarlased mao limaskesta põletiku uuringus. Uuringute tulemusi kasutasid tulevased meditsiinipreemia laureaadid

Monoamine oxidase enzymes and oxidative stress in the rat optic nerve: age-related changes.

Science.gov (United States)

Nebbioso, Marcella; Pascarella, Antonia; Cavallotti, Carlo; Pescosolido, Nicola

2012-12-01

In this study, age-related changes in the monoamine oxidases (MAO) were studied in the optic nerve (ON) of both young and aged male rats. The aim of the study was to assess the role of MAO in age-related changes in the rat ON and explain the mechanisms of neuroprotection mediated by MAO-B-specific inhibitors. Fifteen three month old and fifteen 26 month old Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The animals were killed by terminal anaesthesia. Staining of MAO, quantitative analysis of images, biochemical assays and statistical analysis of data were carried out. Samples of the ON were washed in water, fixed in Bowen fluid, dehydrated and embedded in Entellan. Histological sections were stained for MAO-enzymatic activities. The specificity of the reaction was evaluated by incubating control sections in a medium either without substrate or without dye. The quantitative analysis of images was carried out at the same magnification and the same lighting using a Zeiss photomicroscope. The histochemical findings were compared with the biochemical results. After enzymatic staining, MAO could be demonstrated in the ON fibres of both young and aged animals; however, MAO were increased in the nerve fibres of the elderly rats. These morphological findings were confirmed biochemically. The possibility that age-related changes in MAO levels may be attributed to impaired energy production mechanisms and/or represent the consequence of reduced energy needs is discussed. © 2012 The Authors. International Journal of Experimental Pathology © 2012 International Journal of Experimental Pathology.

Monoamine oxidase and agitation in psychiatric patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Nikolac Perkovic, Matea; Svob Strac, Dubravka; Nedic Erjavec, Gordana; Uzun, Suzana; Podobnik, Josip; Kozumplik, Oliver; Vlatkovic, Suzana; Pivac, Nela

2016-08-01

Subjects with schizophrenia or conduct disorder display a lifelong pattern of antisocial, aggressive and violent behavior and agitation. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an enzyme involved in the degradation of various monoamine neurotransmitters and neuromodulators and therefore has a role in various psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders and pathological behaviors. Platelet MAO-B activity has been associated with psychopathy- and aggression-related personality traits, while variants of the MAOA and MAOB genes have been associated with diverse clinical phenotypes, including aggressiveness, antisocial problems and violent delinquency. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of platelet MAO-B activity, MAOB rs1799836 polymorphism and MAOA uVNTR polymorphism with severe agitation in 363 subjects with schizophrenia and conduct disorder. The results demonstrated significant association of severe agitation and smoking, but not diagnosis or age, with platelet MAO-B activity. Higher platelet MAO-B activity was found in subjects with severe agitation compared to non-agitated subjects. Platelet MAO-B activity was not associated with MAOB rs1799836 polymorphism. These results suggested the association between increased platelet MAO-B activity and severe agitation. No significant association was found between severe agitation and MAOA uVNTR or MAOB rs1799836 polymorphism, revealing that these individual polymorphisms in MAO genes are not related to severe agitation in subjects with schizophrenia and conduct disorder. As our study included 363 homogenous Caucasian male subjects, our data showing this negative genetic association will be a useful addition to future meta-analyses. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Na/K Pump and Beyond: Na/K-ATPase as a Modulator of Apoptosis and Autophagy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Lung cancer is a leading cause of global cancer deaths. Na/K-ATPase has been studied as a target for cancer treatment. Cardiotonic steroids (CS trigger intracellular signalling upon binding to Na/K-ATPase. Normal lung and tumour cells frequently express different pump isoforms. Thus, Na/K-ATPase is a powerful target for lung cancer treatment. Drugs targeting Na/K-ATPase may induce apoptosis and autophagy in transformed cells. We argue that Na/K-ATPase has a role as a potential target in chemotherapy in lung cancer treatment. We discuss the effects of Na/K-ATPase ligands and molecular pathways inducing deleterious effects on lung cancer cells, especially those leading to apoptosis and autophagy.

Na/K Pump and Beyond: Na/K-ATPase as a Modulator of Apoptosis and Autophagy.

Science.gov (United States)

Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque, Cassiano; Ribeiro Silva, Adriana; Ignácio da Silva, Camila; Caire Castro-Faria-Neto, Hugo; Burth, Patrícia

2017-04-21

Lung cancer is a leading cause of global cancer deaths. Na/K-ATPase has been studied as a target for cancer treatment. Cardiotonic steroids (CS) trigger intracellular signalling upon binding to Na/K-ATPase. Normal lung and tumour cells frequently express different pump isoforms. Thus, Na/K-ATPase is a powerful target for lung cancer treatment. Drugs targeting Na/K-ATPase may induce apoptosis and autophagy in transformed cells. We argue that Na/K-ATPase has a role as a potential target in chemotherapy in lung cancer treatment. We discuss the effects of Na/K-ATPase ligands and molecular pathways inducing deleterious effects on lung cancer cells, especially those leading to apoptosis and autophagy.

Subnitride chemistry: A first-principles study of the NaBa3N, Na5Ba3N, and Na16Ba6N phases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oliva, Josep M.

2005-01-01

An ab initio study on the electronic structure of the subnitrides NaBa 3 N, Na 5 Ba 3 N, and Na 16 Ba 6 N is performed for the first time. The NaBa 3 N and Na 5 Ba 3 N phases consist of infinite 1 ∞ [NBa 6/2 ] strands composed of face-sharing NBa 6 octahedra surrounded by a 'sea' of sodium atoms. The Na 16 Ba 6 N phase consist of discrete [NBa 6 ] octahedra arranged in a body-cubic fashion, surrounded by a 'sea' of sodium atoms. Our calculations suggest that the title subnitrides are metals. Analysis of the electronic structure shows partial interaction of N(2s) with Ba(5p) electrons in the lower energy region for NaBa 3 N and Na 5 Ba 3 N. However, no dispersion is observed for the N(2s) and Ba(5p) bands in the cubic phase Na 16 Ba 6 N. The metallic band below the Fermi level shows a strong mixing of N(2p), Ba(6s), Ba(5d), Ba(6p), Na(3s) and Na(3p) orbitals. The metallic character in these nitrides stems from delocalized electrons corresponding to hybridized 5d l 6s m 6p n barium orbitals which interact with hybridized 3s n 3p m sodium orbitals. Analysis of the electron density and electronic structure in these nitrides shows two different regions: a metallic matrix corresponding to the sodium atoms and the regions around them and heteropolar bonding between nitrogen and barium within the infinite 1 ∞ [NBa 6/2 ] strands of the NaBa 3 N and Na 5 Ba 3 N phases, and within the isolated [NBa 6 ] octahedra of the Na 16 Ba 6 N phase. The nitrogen atoms inside the strands and octahedra are negatively charged, the anionic character of nitrogens being larger in the isolated octahedra of the cubic phase Na 16 Ba 6 N, due to the lack of electron delocalization along one direction as opposed to the other phases. The sodium and barium atoms appear to be slightly negatively and positively charged, the latter to a larger extent. From the computed Ba-N overlap populations as well as the analysis of the contour maps of differences between total density and superposition of

El candombe (uruguayo en Buenos Aires: (Proponiendo Nuevos imaginarios urbanos en la ciudad "blanca" O candombe uruguaio em Buenos Aires: (Propondo Novos imaginários urbanos na cidade "branca " Uruguayan candombe in Buenos Aires: (Proposing New urban imaginaries in the "White" city

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alejandro Frigerio

2009-12-01

Full Text Available El trabajo se propone examinar la apropiación de espacios públicos y la generación de nuevos imaginarios y representaciones urbanas a través de prácticas culturales populares. Para ello nos focalizaremos en el desarrollo y expansión espacial del candombe (de origen uruguayo. La reterritorialización de esta práctica musical requiere en un primer momento de su anclaje en el casco histórico de la ciudad y de la apelación a la memoria de presencia negra en ese lugar. Tanto esta referencia como la posterior expansión de la práctica por otros barrios implican un trabajo de imaginación de la ciudad que discute la imagen dominante de Buenos Aires como blanca, moderna y europea. Al desafiar esta imagen, proponiendo un imaginario urbano alternativo, los candomberos entran en conflicto con distintos agentes y actores sociales.O trabalho analisa a apropriação de espaços públicos e a geração de novos imaginários e representações urbanas pela prática de expressões culturais populares, com énfase no desenvolvimento e a expansão espacial do candombe (de origem uruguaia. A reterritorialização desta prática musical requer em um primeiro momento de sua inclusão no casco histórico da cidade e no apelo à memória da presença negra na área. Nesta referência, e na posterior expansão da prática musical pelos outros bairros da cidade se faz um trabalho de imaginação da cidade que contesta à imagem dominante de Buenos Aires como branca, moderna e européia. Ao desafiar esta imagem, propondo um imaginário urbano alternativo, os candomberos entram em conflito com diferentes atores e agentes sociais.The paper examines the appropriation of public space and the proposal of new urban imaginaries by the practitioners of popular cultural practices. We focus on the development and spatial expansion of Afro-Uruguayan candombe in Buenos Aires. The reterritorialization of this musical practice requires at first embedding it in the historical

WPŁYW WIEKU NA WYTRZYMAŁOŚĆ NA ŚCISKANIE BETONU MODYFIKOWANEGO DODATKIEM METAKAOLINITU

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Janusz KONKOL

Full Text Available W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wytrzymałości na ściskanie betonów modyfikowanych dodatkiem metakaolinitu po 2, 3, 7, 14, 28 i 56 dniach dojrzewania. Dodatek metakaolinitu użyto jako częściowy substytut cementu, dokonując wymiany 10% masy cementu na metakaolinit. Udział ten uznawany jest za optymalny z uwagi na inne niż wytrzymałość na ściskanie właściwości betonu, w tym trwałość betonu modyfikowanego metakaolinitem. Badania przeprowadzono także dla betonu tła, betonu bez dodatku metakaolinitu. Betony wykonano przy założeniu stałego stosunku woda/spoiwo, względnie woda/cement wynoszącego 0,45 oraz przy użyciu cementu portlandzkiego CEM I 32,5R, piasku kwarcowego frakcji do 2 mm oraz grysu bazaltowego frakcji do 16 mm. W celu uzyskania pożądanej konsystencji mieszanki betonowej zastosowano upłynniacz na bazie estrów polikarboksylowych. Uzyskane rezultaty badań potwierdziły wysoką aktywność pucolanową metakaolinitu już we wczesnym okresie dojrzewania betonu. W okresie między 3 a 7 dniem dojrzewania stwierdzono wolniejszy przyrost wytrzymałości na ściskanie w betonie niemodyfikowanym metakaolinitem, podczas gdy w betonie, w którym 10% masy cementu zastąpiono metakaolinitem uwidocznił się znaczący przyrost wytrzymałości na ściskanie. Po 2 dniach dojrzewania wytrzymałość na ściskanie betonu tła była nieznacznie wyższa od wytrzymałości na ściskanie betonu modyfikowanego. Korzystny wpływ dodatku metakaolinitu wynikający z jego wysokiej aktywności pucolanowej, jak również z uszczelniającego charakteru tego dodatku obserwowano jest zwłaszcza w okresie między 3 a 14 dniem dojrzewania. W tym okresie obserwowano znaczny przyrost wytrzymałości na ściskanie betonu modyfikowanego w porównaniu z wytrzymałością na ściskanie betonu tła. Po 7 i 14 dniach dojrzewania stwierdzono odpowiednio prawie 25% i 21% wzrost wytrzymałości na ściskanie na skutek użycia metakaolinitu.

Teratological studies of DTPA-CaNa3, DTPA-ZnNa3 and quinamic acid in mice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luo Meichu; Ruan Tianming; Tong Shungao

1989-01-01

DTPA-CaNa 3 , DTPA-ZnNa 3 and quinamic acid are effective chelating agents for removing actinide elements from the body. In this experiment, different doses of DTPA-CaNa 3 , DTPA-ZnNa 3 and quinamic acid were given to mice on gestation days 6-10. Eight groups of mice received 0.8 and 2.0 mM/kg of DTPA-CaNa 3 , 3.8, 7.6, and 11.4 mM/kg of DTPA-ZnNa 3 and 0.42, 2.1, and 4.2 mM/kg of quinamic acid. Hypetonic saline and isotonic saline were given to two control groups. DTPA-CaNa 3 and quinamidic acid were found to be much more toxic to fetus of mice than DTPA-ZnNa 3 . When the doses of DTPA-CaMa 3 and quinamidic acid were 20 times higher than the human dose, the number of resorbed fetus was increased and the number and weight of live fetus were reduced. The result of injection with 7.6 mM/kg (200 times of human dose)DTPA-ZnNa 3 and that of injection with isotonic saline are the same. Therefore, we suggest that the DTPA-CaNa 3 and quinamidic acid should not be given to pregnant woman, if chelation therapy is needed, while the much safer DTPA-ZnNa 3 could be used

Na-ion dynamics in Quasi-1D compound NaV2O4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Månsson, M; Umegaki, I; Nozaki, H; Higuchi, Y; Sugiyama, J; Kawasaki, I; Watanabe, I; Sakurai, H

2014-01-01

We have used the pulsed muon source at ISIS to study high-temperature Na-ion dynamics in the quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) metallic antiferromagnet NaV 2 O 4 . By performing systematic zero-field and longitudinal-field measurements as a function of temperature we clearly distinguish that the hopping rate increases exponentially above T diff ≈ 250 K. The data is well fitted to an Arrhenius type equation typical for a diffusion process, showing that the Na-ions starts to be mobile above T diff . Such results make this compound very interesting for the tuning of Q1D magnetism using atomic-scale ion-texturing through the periodic potential from ordered Na-vacancies. Further, it also opens the door to possible use of NaV 2 O 4 and related compounds in energy related applications

O Passeio Público do Rio de Janeiro na Literatura, na Pintura e na Fotografia do Século XIX

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Solange de Aragão

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo geral e mais amplo chamar a atenção dos pesquisadores para a importância da literatura, da pintura e da fotografia como fontes documentais para a construção da História do Paisagismo no Brasil por meio de um estudo de caso muito particular: o Passeio Público do Rio de Janeiro no século XIX. São objetivos específicos apresentar e analisar o modo como esse espaço livre público aparece na literatura, na pintura e na fotografia desse período, considerando suas transformações paisagísticas.

Solubility of NaNd(CO3)2.6H2O(c) in concentrated Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 solutions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rao, L.; Rai, D.; Felmy, A.R.; Fulton, R.W.; Novak, C.F.

1996-01-01

NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O(c) was identified to be the final equilibrium solid phase in suspensions containing concentrated sodium carbonate (0.1 to 2.0 M) and sodium bicarbonate (0.1 to 1.0 M), with either NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O(c) or Nd 2 (CO 3 ) 3 x xH 2 O(s) as initial solids. A thermodynamic model, based on Pitzer's specific into-interaction approach, was developed to interpret the solubility of NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O(c) as functions of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate concentrations. In this model, the solubility data of NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O(c) were explained by assuming the formation of NdCO 3 + , Nd(CO 3 ) 2 - and Nd(CO 3 ) 3 3- species and invoking the specific ion interactions between Na + and Nd(CO 3 ) 3 3- . Ion interaction parameters for Na + -Nd(CO 3 ) 3 3- were developed to fit the solubility data. Based on the model calculations, Nd(CO 3 ) 3 3- was the predominant aqueous neodymium species in 0.1 to 2 M sodium carbonate and 0.1 to 1 M sodium bicarbonate solutions. The logarithm of the NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O solubility product (NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O(c)=Na + +Nd 3+ +2 CO 3 2- +6 H 2 O) was calculated to be -21.39. This model also provided satisfactory interpretation of the solubility data of the analogous Am(III) system in less concentrated carbonate and bicarbonate solutions. (orig.)

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Ferulic Acid Amides: Curcumin-Based Design and Synthesis.

Science.gov (United States)

Badavath, Vishnu N; Baysal, İpek; Uçar, Gülberk; Mondal, Susanta K; Sinha, Barij N; Jayaprakash, Venkatesan

2016-01-01

Ferulic acid has structural similarity with curcumin which is being reported for its monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activity. Based on this similarity, we designed a series of ferulic acid amides 6a-m and tested for their inhibitory activity on human MAO (hMAO) isoforms. All the compounds were found to inhibit the hMAO isoforms either selectively or non-selectively. Nine compounds (6a, 6b, 6g-m) were found to inhibit hMAO-B selectively, whereas the other four (6c-f) were found to be non-selective. There is a gradual shift from hMAO-B selectivity (6a,b) to non-selectivity (6c-f) as there is an increase in chain length at the amino terminus. In case of compounds having an aromatic nucleus at the amino terminus, increasing the carbon number between N and the aromatic ring increases the potency as well as selectivity toward hMAO-B. Compounds 6f, 6j, and 6k were subjected to membrane permeability and metabolic stability studies by in vitro assay methods. They were found to have a better pharmacokinetic profile than curcumin, ferulic acid, and selegiline. In order to understand the structural features responsible for the potency and selectivity of 6k, we carried out a molecular docking simulation study. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Mechanism of μ-conotoxin PIIIA binding to the voltage-gated Na+ channel NaV1.4.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rong Chen

Full Text Available Several subtypes of voltage-gated Na+ (NaV channels are important targets for pain management. μ-Conotoxins isolated from venoms of cone snails are potent and specific blockers of different NaV channel isoforms. The inhibitory effect of μ-conotoxins on NaV channels has been examined extensively, but the mechanism of toxin specificity has not been understood in detail. Here the known structure of μ-conotoxin PIIIA and a model of the skeletal muscle channel NaV1.4 are used to elucidate elements that contribute to the structural basis of μ-conotoxin binding and specificity. The model of NaV1.4 is constructed based on the crystal structure of the bacterial NaV channel, NaVAb. Six different binding modes, in which the side chain of each of the basic residues carried by the toxin protrudes into the selectivity filter of NaV1.4, are examined in atomic detail using molecular dynamics simulations with explicit solvent. The dissociation constants (Kd computed for two selected binding modes in which Lys9 or Arg14 from the toxin protrudes into the filter of the channel are within 2 fold; both values in close proximity to those determined from dose response data for the block of NaV currents. To explore the mechanism of PIIIA specificity, a double mutant of NaV1.4 mimicking NaV channels resistant to μ-conotoxins and tetrodotoxin is constructed and the binding of PIIIA to this mutant channel examined. The double mutation causes the affinity of PIIIA to reduce by two orders of magnitude.

Muscle K+, Na+, and Cl- disturbances and Na+-K+ pump inactivation: implications for fatigue

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

McKenna, Michael J; Bangsbo, Jens; Renaud, Jean-Marc

2008-01-01

(+)-ATPase activity during exercise stabilizes Na(+) and K(+) concentration gradients and membrane excitability and thus protects against fatigue. However, during intense contraction some Na(+)-K(+) pumps are inactivated and together with further ionic disturbances, likely precipitate muscle fatigue.......Membrane excitability is a critical regulatory step in skeletal muscle contraction and is modulated by local ionic concentrations, conductances, ion transporter activities, temperature, and humoral factors. Intense fatiguing contractions induce cellular K(+) efflux and Na(+) and Cl(-) influx......, causing pronounced perturbations in extracellular (interstitial) and intracellular K(+) and Na(+) concentrations. Muscle interstitial K(+) concentration may increase 1- to 2-fold to 11-13 mM and intracellular K(+) concentration fall by 1.3- to 1.7-fold; interstitial Na(+) concentration may decline by 10 m...

Route, mechanism, and implications of proton import during Na+/K+ exchange by native Na+/K+-ATPase pumps

Science.gov (United States)

Vedovato, Natascia

2014-01-01

A single Na+/K+-ATPase pumps three Na+ outwards and two K+ inwards by alternately exposing ion-binding sites to opposite sides of the membrane in a conformational sequence coupled to pump autophosphorylation from ATP and auto-dephosphorylation. The larger flow of Na+ than K+ generates outward current across the cell membrane. Less well understood is the ability of Na+/K+ pumps to generate an inward current of protons. Originally noted in pumps deprived of external K+ and Na+ ions, as inward current at negative membrane potentials that becomes amplified when external pH is lowered, this proton current is generally viewed as an artifact of those unnatural conditions. We demonstrate here that this inward current also flows at physiological K+ and Na+ concentrations. We show that protons exploit ready reversibility of conformational changes associated with extracellular Na+ release from phosphorylated Na+/K+ pumps. Reversal of a subset of these transitions allows an extracellular proton to bind an acidic side chain and to be subsequently released to the cytoplasm. This back-step of phosphorylated Na+/K+ pumps that enables proton import is not required for completion of the 3 Na+/2 K+ transport cycle. However, the back-step occurs readily during Na+/K+ transport when external K+ ion binding and occlusion are delayed, and it occurs more frequently when lowered extracellular pH raises the probability of protonation of the externally accessible carboxylate side chain. The proton route passes through the Na+-selective binding site III and is distinct from the principal pathway traversed by the majority of transported Na+ and K+ ions that passes through binding site II. The inferred occurrence of Na+/K+ exchange and H+ import during the same conformational cycle of a single molecule identifies the Na+/K+ pump as a hybrid transporter. Whether Na+/K+ pump–mediated proton inflow may have any physiological or pathophysiological significance remains to be clarified. PMID

Route, mechanism, and implications of proton import during Na+/K+ exchange by native Na+/K+-ATPase pumps.

Science.gov (United States)

Vedovato, Natascia; Gadsby, David C

2014-04-01

A single Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase pumps three Na(+) outwards and two K(+) inwards by alternately exposing ion-binding sites to opposite sides of the membrane in a conformational sequence coupled to pump autophosphorylation from ATP and auto-dephosphorylation. The larger flow of Na(+) than K(+) generates outward current across the cell membrane. Less well understood is the ability of Na(+)/K(+) pumps to generate an inward current of protons. Originally noted in pumps deprived of external K(+) and Na(+) ions, as inward current at negative membrane potentials that becomes amplified when external pH is lowered, this proton current is generally viewed as an artifact of those unnatural conditions. We demonstrate here that this inward current also flows at physiological K(+) and Na(+) concentrations. We show that protons exploit ready reversibility of conformational changes associated with extracellular Na(+) release from phosphorylated Na(+)/K(+) pumps. Reversal of a subset of these transitions allows an extracellular proton to bind an acidic side chain and to be subsequently released to the cytoplasm. This back-step of phosphorylated Na(+)/K(+) pumps that enables proton import is not required for completion of the 3 Na(+)/2 K(+) transport cycle. However, the back-step occurs readily during Na(+)/K(+) transport when external K(+) ion binding and occlusion are delayed, and it occurs more frequently when lowered extracellular pH raises the probability of protonation of the externally accessible carboxylate side chain. The proton route passes through the Na(+)-selective binding site III and is distinct from the principal pathway traversed by the majority of transported Na(+) and K(+) ions that passes through binding site II. The inferred occurrence of Na(+)/K(+) exchange and H(+) import during the same conformational cycle of a single molecule identifies the Na(+)/K(+) pump as a hybrid transporter. Whether Na(+)/K(+) pump-mediated proton inflow may have any physiological or

A Construção do mito de Tiradentes: de mártir republicano a herói cívico na atualidade

OpenAIRE

Carlos Roberto Ballarotti

2009-01-01

Este trabalho objetiva analisar, dentro da historiografia,a construção republicana do mitode Tiradentes, a partir da memória popular,para justificar e consolidar o poder vigente.Desta forma, efetuamos uma pesquisa bibliográficasobre o assunto, verificando a profundidadeda atuação do poder dominante nacriação do herói, suas várias faces construídasem diferentes contextos e épocas históricas,além do papel do historiador dentro desteprocesso. Conferimos, também, como acontecea sobrevivência do m...

Growth mechanism of NaClO 3 and NaBrO 3 crystals from aqueous ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

A study of growth rates of NaClO3 and NaBrO3 has been carried out using a small growth cell by in situ observation. Normal growth rates of {100} faces of NaClO3 and {111} faces of NaBrO3 along ⟨ 110 ⟩ direction are measured under relatively high supersaturation ranging from 3–8%. In the initial stages of growth, {100}, ...

Rescue of Na+ affinity in aspartate 928 mutants of Na+,K+-ATPase by secondary mutation of glutamate 314.

Science.gov (United States)

Holm, Rikke; Einholm, Anja P; Andersen, Jens P; Vilsen, Bente

2015-04-10

The Na(+),K(+)-ATPase binds Na(+) at three transport sites denoted I, II, and III, of which site III is Na(+)-specific and suggested to be the first occupied in the cooperative binding process activating phosphorylation from ATP. Here we demonstrate that the asparagine substitution of the aspartate associated with site III found in patients with rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism or alternating hemiplegia of childhood causes a dramatic reduction of Na(+) affinity in the α1-, α2-, and α3-isoforms of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, whereas other substitutions of this aspartate are much less disruptive. This is likely due to interference by the amide function of the asparagine side chain with Na(+)-coordinating residues in site III. Remarkably, the Na(+) affinity of site III aspartate to asparagine and alanine mutants is rescued by second-site mutation of a glutamate in the extracellular part of the fourth transmembrane helix, distant to site III. This gain-of-function mutation works without recovery of the lost cooperativity and selectivity of Na(+) binding and does not affect the E1-E2 conformational equilibrium or the maximum phosphorylation rate. Hence, the rescue of Na(+) affinity is likely intrinsic to the Na(+) binding pocket, and the underlying mechanism could be a tightening of Na(+) binding at Na(+) site II, possibly via movement of transmembrane helix four. The second-site mutation also improves Na(+),K(+) pump function in intact cells. Rescue of Na(+) affinity and Na(+) and K(+) transport by second-site mutation is unique in the history of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and points to new possibilities for treatment of neurological patients carrying Na(+),K(+)-ATPase mutations. © 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Using Molecular Docking Analysis to Discovery Dregea sinensis Hemsl. Potential Mechanism of Anticancer, Antidepression, and Immunoregulation.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Xiujie; Shi, Yu; Deng, Yulin; Dai, Rongji

2017-01-01

Dregea sinensis Hemsl. plant of the genus Dregea volubilis (Asclepiadaceae), plays a vital role in anticancer, antidepression, and immunoregulation. Steroidal glycosides are the main constituents of this herb, which were significant biological active ingredients. The objective of this study is to recognize the mechanism of anticancer, antidepression, and immunoregulation of D. sinensis Hemsl. Seventy-two steroidal glycosides of D. sinensis Hemsl. were evaluated on the docking behavior of tumor-associated proteins (PI3K, Akt, mTOR), depression-related proteins (MAO-A, MAO-B) and immune-related proteins (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 [TNFR2], interleukin-2Rα [IL-2Rα]) using Discovery Studio version 3.1 (Accelrys, San Diego, USA). The molecular docking analysis revealed that mostly steroidal glycosides of D. sinensis Hemsl. exhibited powerful interaction with the depression-related protein (MAO-A) and the immune-related proteins (TNFR2, IL-2Rα). Some ligands exhibited high binding energy for the tumor-associated proteins (PI3K, Akt, mTOR) and the immune-related protein (TNF-α), but MAO-B showed none interaction with the ligands. This study has paved better understanding of steroidal glycosides from D. sinensis Hemsl. as potential constituents to the prevention of associated cancer, depression and disorders of immunoregulation. The ligand database was consist of 72 steroidal glycosides from Dregea sinensis HemslSteroidal glycosides had the potential to dock with the tumor-associated proteins (PI3K, Akt, mTOR)Steroidal glycosides were bounded with MAO-A rather than MAO-B, accorded with the inhibitor selectivity of MAOs, can be considered as potent candidate inhibitors of MAO-A72 ligands got high interaction with TNFR2 and IL-2Rα, regard the steroidal glycoside as powerful candidate inhibitors of TNFR2 and IL-2Rα. Abbreviations used: PI3K: Phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase; Akt: Protein kinase B; mTOR: Mammalian target of

The system NaVO3-Na2WO4-Na2W2O7

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kazanbekov, V.R.; Gasanaliev, A.M.; Kazanbekov, R.G.

1994-01-01

Phase diagrams of sodium metavanadate-sodium ditungstate, sodium metavanadate-sodium tungstate systems and surface of primary crystallization of sodium metavabadate-sodium tungstate-sodium ditungstate system were studied. The system sodium metavanadate-sodium ditungstate is eutectic one. Compound NaVO 3 x2Na 2 WO 4 is formed in solid state in sodium metavanadate-sodium tungstate system. Liquidus surface of sodium metavanadate-sodium tungstate-sodium ditungstate is presented by three crystallization fields of initial components. Composition and melting point of ternary eutectics are determined

Colonization and growth of crustose coralline algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta on the Rocas Atoll

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre Bigio Villas Bôas

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Crustose coralline algae play a fundamental role in reef construction all over the world. The aims fo this study were to identify and estimate the abundance of the dominant crustose coralline algae in shallow reef habitats, measuring their colonization, growth rates and productivity. Crusts sampled from different habitats were collected on leeward and windward reefs. Discs made of epoxy putty were fixed on the reef surface to follow coralline colonization and discs containing the dominant coralline algae were fixed on different habitats to measure the crusts' marginal growth. The primary production experiments followed the clear and dark bottle method for dissolved oxygen reading. Porolithon pachydermum was confirmed as the dominant crustose coralline alga on the Rocas Atoll. The non-cryptic flat form of P. pachydermum showed a faster growth rate on the leeward than on the windward reef. This form also had a faster growth rate on the reef crest (0.05 mm.day-1 than on the reef flat (0.01 mm.day-1. The cryptic protuberant form showed a trend, though not significant, towards a faster growth rate on the reef crest and in tidal pools than on the reef flat. Colonization was, in general, very slow as compared to that presented by other reef studies. P. pachydermum was a productive crust both in non-cryptic and cryptic habitats.As algas calcárias incrustantes exercem um papel fundamental na construção de recifes ao redor do mundo. Neste trabalho os objetivos foram: identificar e estimar a abundância da alga calcária incrustante dominante nas partes rasas do recife, verificando suas taxas de colonização, crescimento e produtividade. Crostas de diferentes habitats foram estudadas em locais a barlavento e sotavento. Discos feitos com massa epóxi foram fixados na superfície do recife para acompanhar a colonização das algas calcárias e discos contendo a alga calcária dominante foram fixados em diferentes habitats para medir o crescimento de suas

Structure and properties of a duplex coating combining micro-arc oxidation and baking layer on AZ91D Mg alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cui, Xue-Jun; Li, Ming-Tian; Yang, Rui-Song; Yu, Zu-Xiao [Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000 (China); College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000 (China)

2016-02-15

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • A duplex coating was fabricated through combining MAO and baking layer. • A baking coating with a thickness of 92 μm was created on MAO-coated Mg alloy. • The duplex coating noticeably improved the corrosion resistance of Mg alloy. • The related corrosion and wear mechanisms were investigated. - Abstract: A duplex coating (called MAOB coating) was fabricated on AZ91D Mg alloy by combining the process of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) with baking coating (B-coating). The structure, composition, corrosion resistance, and tribological behaviour of the coatings were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electrochemical and long-term immersion test, and ball-on-disc friction test. The results show that a dense 92 μm thick B-coating was tightly deposited onto the MAO-coated Mg alloy and exhibited a good mechanical interlock along the rough interface. Compared with the MAO-coated sample, the corrosion current density of the MAOB-coated Mg alloy decreased by two or three orders of magnitude and no corrosion phenomenon was observed during a long-term immersion test of about 500 h (severe corrosion pits were found for MAO-treated samples after about 168 h of immersion). The frictional coefficient values of the MAOB coating were similar to those of the MAO coating using dry sliding tests, while the B-coating on the MAO-coated surface significantly improved the wear resistance of the AZ91D Mg alloy. All of these results indicate that a B-coating can be used to further protect Mg alloys from corrosion and wear by providing a thick, dense barrier.

Association of ventral striatum monoamine oxidase-A binding and functional connectivity in antisocial personality disorder with high impulsivity: A positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Science.gov (United States)

Kolla, Nathan J; Dunlop, Katharine; Downar, Jonathan; Links, Paul; Bagby, R Michael; Wilson, Alan A; Houle, Sylvain; Rasquinha, Fawn; Simpson, Alexander I; Meyer, Jeffrey H

2016-04-01

Impulsivity is a core feature of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) associated with abnormal brain function and neurochemical alterations. The ventral striatum (VS) is a key region of the neural circuitry mediating impulsive behavior, and low monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) level in the VS has shown a specific relationship to the impulsivity of ASPD. Because it is currently unknown whether phenotypic MAO-A markers can influence brain function in ASPD, we investigated VS MAO-A level and the functional connectivity (FC) of two seed regions, superior and inferior VS (VSs, VSi). Nineteen impulsive ASPD males underwent [(11)C] harmine positron emission tomography scanning to measure VS MAO-A VT, an index of MAO-A density, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging that assessed the FC of bilateral seed regions in the VSi and VSs. Subjects also completed self-report impulsivity measures. Results revealed functional coupling of the VSs with bilateral dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) that was correlated with VS MAO-A VT (r=0.47, p=0.04), and functional coupling of the VSi with right hippocampus that was anti-correlated with VS MAO-A VT (r=-0.55, p=0.01). Additionally, VSs-DMPFC FC was negatively correlated with NEO Personality Inventory-Revised impulsivity (r=-0.49, p=0.03), as was VSi-hippocampus FC with Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 motor impulsiveness (r=-0.50, p=0.03). These preliminary results highlight an association of VS MAO-A level with the FC of striatal regions linked to impulsive behavior in ASPD and suggest that phenotype-based brain markers of ASPD have relevance to understanding brain function. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and ECNP. All rights reserved.

Azure B, a metabolite of methylene blue, is a high-potency, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Petzer, Anél, E-mail: 12264954@nwu.ac.za [Unit for Drug Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520 (South Africa); Harvey, Brian H. [Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520 (South Africa); Wegener, Gregers [Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital-Risskov, Skovagervej 2, 8240 Risskov (Denmark); Petzer, Jacobus P. [Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520 (South Africa)

2012-02-01

Methylene blue (MB) has been shown to act at multiple cellular and molecular targets and as a result possesses diverse medical applications. Among these is a high potency reversible inhibition of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) that may, at least in part, underlie its adverse effects but also its psycho- and neuromodulatory actions. MB is metabolized to yield N-demethylated products of which azure B, the monodemethyl species, is the major metabolite. Similar to MB, azure B also displays a variety of biological activities and may therefore contribute to the pharmacological profile of MB. Based on these observations, the present study examines the interactions of azure B with recombinant human MAO-A and -B. The results show that azure B is a potent MAO-A inhibitor (IC{sub 50} = 11 nM), approximately 6-fold more potent than is MB (IC{sub 50} = 70 nM) under identical conditions. Measurements of the time-dependency of inhibition suggest that the interaction of azure B with MAO-A is reversible. Azure B also reversibly inhibits the MAO-B isozyme with an IC{sub 50} value of 968 nM. These results suggest that azure B may be a hitherto under recognized contributor to the pharmacology and toxicology of MB by blocking central and peripheral MAO-A activity and as such needs to be considered during its use in humans and animals. Highlights: ► Methylene blue (MB) is a known potent MAO-A inhibitor. ► Azure B, the major metabolite of MB, is more potent as a MAO-A inhibitor. ► Azure B may be a contributor to the CNS pharmacology and toxicology of MB.

Summer sudden Na number density enhancements measured with the ALOMAR Weber Na Lidar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D. Heinrich

2008-05-01

Full Text Available We present summer Na-densities and atmospheric temperatures measured 80 to 110 km above the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR. The Weber Na Lidar is part of ALOMAR, located at 69° N in Norway, 150 km north of the Arctic Circle. The sun does not set here during the summer months, and measurements require a narrowband Faraday Anomalous Dispersion Optical Filter (FADOF.

We discuss an observed sudden enhancement in the Na number density around 22:00 UT on 1 to 2 June 2006. We compare this observation with previous summer measurements and find a frequent appearance of Na number density enhancements near local midnight. We describe the time of appearance, the altitude distribution, the duration and the strength of these enhancements and compare them to winter observations. We investigate possible formation mechanisms and, as others before, we find a strong link between these Na number density enhancements and sporadic E layers.

Summer sudden Na number density enhancements measured with the ALOMAR Weber Na Lidar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D. Heinrich

2008-05-01

Full Text Available We present summer Na-densities and atmospheric temperatures measured 80 to 110 km above the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR. The Weber Na Lidar is part of ALOMAR, located at 69° N in Norway, 150 km north of the Arctic Circle. The sun does not set here during the summer months, and measurements require a narrowband Faraday Anomalous Dispersion Optical Filter (FADOF. We discuss an observed sudden enhancement in the Na number density around 22:00 UT on 1 to 2 June 2006. We compare this observation with previous summer measurements and find a frequent appearance of Na number density enhancements near local midnight. We describe the time of appearance, the altitude distribution, the duration and the strength of these enhancements and compare them to winter observations. We investigate possible formation mechanisms and, as others before, we find a strong link between these Na number density enhancements and sporadic E layers.

A comparison of corrosion, tribocorrosion and electrochemical impedance properties of pure Ti and Ti6Al4V alloy treated by micro-arc oxidation process

Science.gov (United States)

Fazel, M.; Salimijazi, H. R.; Golozar, M. A.; Garsivaz jazi, M. R.

2015-01-01

In this paper, the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings were performed on pure Ti and Ti6Al4V samples at 180 V. The results indicated that unlike the volcanic morphology of oxide layer on pure Ti, a cortex-like morphology with irregular vermiform slots was seen on MAO/Ti6Al4V sample. According to polarization curves, the corrosion resistance of untreated samples was significantly increased by MAO process. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis showed a lower capacitance of barrier layer (led to higher resistance) for MAO/Ti specimens. This indicates that corrosive ions diffusion throughout the oxide film would be more difficult resulted in a higher corrosion resistance. Tribocorrosion results illustrated that the potential of untreated samples was dropped sharply to very low negative values. However, the lower wear volume loss was achieved for Ti6Al4V alloy. SEM images of worn surfaces demonstrated the local detachment of oxide layer within the wear track of MAO/Ti sample. Conversely, no delamination was detected in MAO/Ti6Al4V and a mild abrasive wear was the dominant mechanism.

Mito da cidade-global: o papel da ideologia na produção do espaço terciário em São Paulo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Sette Whitaker Ferreira

2004-12-01

Full Text Available A "cidade-global" vem sendo difundida como o único modelo urbano capaz de garantir a sobrevida das cidades no "novo" contexto da "globalização da economia". A cidade de São Paulo não foge desse rótulo. Entretanto, os dados empíricos mostram que ela não apresenta nenhum dos atributos típicos da "cidade-global". Isso não impede que o discurso dominante do pensamento único neoliberal, que tem como paralelos urbanos as teorias da "cidade-global", do "planejamento estratégico" e do "marketing de cidades", imponha uma visão - mais ideológica do que real - segundo a qual esses modelos seriam as únicas opções de urbanização aceitáveis. Apoiando-se nessa falsa realidade, os empreendedores urbanos da cidade conseguem canalizar os recursos públicos, de forma a sustentar a construção de supostas "centralidades globais terciárias", desviando, assim, as políticas públicas das prioridades prementes ligadas a uma demanda social cada vez mais dramática. Uma análise mais pormenorizada mostra que a dinâmica de produção do espaço em São Paulo é baseada em coalizões entre as elites urbanas locais e o poder público, nada tendo, de "moderna", e muito menos de "global", sendo, na verdade, a expressão urbana das tradicionais e arcaicas relações sociais típicas do "patrimonialismo" brasileiro.

Methodology and Mao

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Duncan, Russell

2010-01-01

A personal narrative is presented that reflects on the author's experience teaching United States history in China......A personal narrative is presented that reflects on the author's experience teaching United States history in China...

Influence of Al-Si alloy microstructure on the corrosion resistance of coatings formed by the microarc oxidation method

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dudareva Natalia.Y.

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The impact of the high-silicon aluminum alloy initial microstructure on the quality of the coating formed by microarc oxidation (MAO has been studied. The MAO treatment is applied to AK12D samples in the initial coarse-grained state and after high pressure torsion. The following coating properties are studied: thickness, microhardness, porosity and corrosion resistance. It is established that the MAO layers properties depend on the base microstructure much. High pressure torsion applied to AK12D samples before MAO results in increase of the coating thickness by ∼ 2 times. The microhardness of coatings reduces and their corrosion resistance degrades by ∼ 10 times.

Design and synthesis of novel chalcones as potent selective monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors.

Science.gov (United States)

Hammuda, Arwa; Shalaby, Raed; Rovida, Stefano; Edmondson, Dale E; Binda, Claudia; Khalil, Ashraf

2016-05-23

A novel series of substituted chalcones were designed and synthesized to be evaluated as selective human MAO-B inhibitors. A combination of either methylsulfonyl or trifluoromethyl substituents on the aromatic ketone moiety with a benzodioxol ring on the other end of the chalcone scaffold was investigated. The compounds were tested for their inhibitory activities on both human MAO-A and B. All compounds appeared to be selective MAO-B inhibitors with Ki values in the micromolar to submicromolar range. Molecular modeling studies have been performed to get insight into the binding mode of the synthesized compounds to human MAO-B active site. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Muziki wa Hip Hop na Haki Za Kijamii: Dhima, Changamoto na ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ni dhahiri kuwa haki za kijamii zinaweza kuwasilishwa kwa jamii pana kupitia sanaa ya hip hop. Makala haya basi, yanabainisha dhima na mchango wa muziki wa hip hop katika masuala ya haki za kijamii, yanafafanua changamoto za muziki huu katika kuwasilisha haki za kijamii na kutoa mapendekezo kwa makundi ...

Sequential growth of sandwiched NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb core–shell–shell nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Peng, Huang-Yong; Ding, Bin-Bin; Ma, Yin-Chu [Department of Medical Materials and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009 (China); Sun, Shi-Qi [State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046 (China); Tao, Wei [Department of Medical Materials and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009 (China); Guo, Yan-Chuan [Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); Guo, Hui-Chen, E-mail: ghch-2004@hotmail.com [State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046 (China); Yang, Xian-Zhu, E-mail: yangxz@hftu.edu.cn [Department of Medical Materials and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009 (China); Qian, Hai-Sheng, E-mail: shqian@hfut.edu.cn [Department of Medical Materials and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009 (China)

2015-12-01

Graphical abstract: The monodisperse elliptical NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb core–shell–shell nanoparticles have been synthesized successfully by a facile sequential growth process, which can be used as transducer for photodynamic therapy of cancer cells. - Highlights: • The NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb nanoparticles have been fabricated successfully. • The as-prepared nanoparticles show strong fluorescence excited at 980 or 808 nm. • The nanoparticles were transferred into the aqueous phase via a facile process. • Photosensitizers were loaded into the composites for photodynamic therapy. - Abstract: Upconversion (UC) nanostructures have attracted much interest for their extensive biological applications. In this work, we describe a sequential synthetic route to prepare sandwiched NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb core–shell upconversion nanoparticles. The as-prepared products were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM 2100F), respectively. The as-prepared core–shell nanoparticles of NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb are composed of elliptical nanoparticles with a length of 80 nm and width of 42 nm, which show efficient upconversion fluorescence excited at 808 nm indicating the formation of core–shell–shell sandwiched nanostructures. In addition, the as-prepared sandwiched NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb core–shell upconversion nanoparticles also show strong upconversion fluorescence excited at 980 nm. Amphiphilic mPEG{sub 2k}-b-PEBEP{sub 6K} copolymers (denoted as PPE) were chosen to transfer these hydrophobic UCNPs into the aqueous phase for biological application. In vitro photodynamic therapy of cancer cells show that the viability of cells incubated with the nanoparticles loaded with MC 540 was significantly lower as compared to the nanoparticles without photosensitizers exposed to NIR laser.

Intracellular Na+ regulation of Na+ pump sites in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Allen, J.C.; Navran, S.S.; Seidel, C.L.; Dennison, D.K.; Amann, J.M.; Jemelka, S.K.

1989-01-01

Enzymatically dispersed cells from canine saphenous vein and femoral artery were grown in fetal calf serum and studied at day 0 (freshly dispersed) through confluence in primary culture. Intracellular Na levels (Nai), but not intracellular K (Ki), were increased after 24 h in culture and then decreased to a steady state by 4 days. Na+ pump site number [( 3 H] ouabain binding) increased through day 3 and remained elevated. Nai was still elevated at 2 days when the Na+ pump site number began to increase. Total pump turnover (maximum ouabain-inhibited 86 Rb uptake) reflected the increase in Na+ pump site number. These key events precede the observed increases in both protein production and cellular proliferation. If the same cells are maintained in defined medium, without fetal calf serum, Nai, Ki, and the number of [ 3 H]ouabain binding sites do not change with time. These data are consistent with the suggestion that the initial mitogenic response of vascular smooth muscle cells to fetal calf serum involves an increased Na+ influx, and a Nai accumulation, caused by low Na+ pump density. The synthesis of new pump sites effects a decrease in the accumulated Nai, which may be related to cell proliferation

A Revolução Russa em perspectiva histórica e comparada The Russian Revolution in historical and comparative perspective

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Modesto Florenzano

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Sugere-se uma comparação da Revolução Russa de 1917 com a Revolução Francesa de 1789 e a Revolução Inglesa de 1640. Se uma Revolução tornou-se possível na Inglaterra, na França e na Rússia, foi porque, nos seus antigos regimes, produziu-se uma divisão fatal no establishment, vale dizer, entre classes e/ou frações de classes dominantes e o poder. A difusão e a força do puritanismo, do iluminismo e do socialismo, nas sociedades inglesa, francesa e russa do antigo regime, eram a um só tempo sintoma e conseqüência desse mal-estar espiritual e desse conflito político no interior de suas respectivas classes dominantes (e destas, obviamente, com relação às classes dominadas. Em contrapartida, e como uma espécie de contraprova ao que se está afirmando, nem na Prússia/Alemanha, nem no Piemonte/Itália, em 1848-1849 e em 1918-1919, existiu algo semelhante; daí a impossibilidade de uma revolução nesses dois países e nesses dois momentos cruciais.The article suggests a comparative view on the Russian Revolution of 1917, the French Revolution of 1789 and the English Revolution of 1640. It argues that a revolution became possible in England, France and Russia because a fatal split broke the old regime's establishment, that is to say, a divide between classes, and/or fractions of upper classes, and power. The strenght and diffusion of puritanism, enlightenment and socialism througout old regime's English, French and Russian societies, were both the sign and the effect of that spiritual malaise and that political conflict within their respective upper classes (and so, of course, in relation to their subordinate classes. On the other hand, as a counterproof of what it is just said, neither Prussia/Germany nor Piemont/Italy, in 1848-1849 and 1918-1919, had something similar; so that a revolution was impossible in those countries and crucial moments.

Influência do nível de desempenho de jogadores de badminton em aspectos neuromotores durante uma tarefa de apontar um alvo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz de França Bahia Loureiro Jr.

2012-06-01

Full Text Available O badminton é um esporte no qual os atletas devem responder a golpes rápidos e potentes de maneira acurada. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi investigar se jogadores de badminton de alto nível apresentam melhores índices de desempenho neuromuscular do que jogadores de nível intermediário na tarefa de apontar um alvo. Doze jogadores de alto nível (GAN, que defendem ou defenderam a seleção brasileira de badminton, e 12 jogadores de nível intermediário (GNI participaram do estudo. Eles permaneceram em pé, com o dedo indicador da mão dominante sobre um interruptor localizado à frente e direcionado à linha média do corpo, e foram instruídos a tocar um alvo em uma tela sensível ao toque posicionada à frente assim que ele se tornasse luminoso. O alvo foi apresentado ipsilateralmente ou contralateralmente ao membro superior dominante, em blocos (tempo de reação simples ou randomicamente (tempo de reação de escolha. As variáveis tempo de reação (TR, tempo de movimento (TM e erro radial (ER foram computadas. Os resultados não revelaram efeito de grupo para TM e ER, mas revelaram que o GAN apresentou TR menor que o GNI. Ainda, o TR foi menor para a condição em blocos e o TR e o TM foram menores para o alvo ipsilateral. O fato de o GAN apresentar TR menor que o GNI indica que jogadores de alto nível teriam melhor capacidade reativa que jogadores de níveis inferiores. Assim, concluímos que o TR poderia ser uma variável importante na seleção de atletas que teriam maiores chances de alcançar altos níveis de desempenho no badminton. Ainda, apesar de o teste utilizado não representar integralmente as ações de jogo, ele é um avanço quando comparado aos testes comumente utilizados na investigação do TR e TM em atletas e deveria ser utilizado na avaliação de atletas de outros esportes.

On the Stability of NaO2 in Na-O2 Batteries.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Chenjuan; Carboni, Marco; Brant, William R; Pan, Ruijun; Hedman, Jonas; Zhu, Jiefang; Gustafsson, Torbjörn; Younesi, Reza

2018-04-25

Na-O 2 batteries are regarded as promising candidates for energy storage. They have higher energy efficiency, rate capability, and chemical reversibility than Li-O 2 batteries; in addition, sodium is cheaper and more abundant compared to lithium. However, inconsistent observations and instability of discharge products have inhibited the understanding of the working mechanism of this technology. In this work, we have investigated a number of factors that influence the stability of the discharge products. By means of in operando powder X-ray diffraction study, the influence of oxygen, sodium anode, salt, solvent, and carbon cathode were investigated. The Na metal anode and an ether-based solvent are the main factors that lead to the instability and decomposition of NaO 2 in the cell environment. This fundamental insight brings new information on the working mechanism of Na-O 2 batteries.

NaK handling and removal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Desreumaux, J.; Rodriguez, G.; Guigon, A.; Verdelli, J.; Thomine, G.

1997-01-01

Sodium-potassium alloy is used in specific application in French Fast Breeder Reactors as: cold traps, NaK bubbler for argon purification, valves and also in experimental irradiation devices. lt has been preferred to sodium because it is liquid from + 7 deg. C for the most common peritectic alloy. After its use, NaK is considered as a hazardous waste (nuclear or not) due to its high reactivity with air and water. The most important risk remains in handling NaK systems which have not been operated for some time. The NaK will be covered with a crust of the superoxide K02 which is a strong oxidising agent. Thermodynamically, K02 will react with most organic material or metallic dust or swarfs and can also react with additional NaK to give sufficient heat to boil part of the NaK, resulting in a sudden increase in pressure and small explosions. We describe the formation given to experimenters in our Sodium School and the CEA's experience in treating specific devices for transportation, decanting of tanks, tank opening and NaK removal. (author)

Angiotensin II-induced hypertension increases plasma membrane Na pump activity by enhancing Na entry in rat thick ascending limbs.

Science.gov (United States)

Gonzalez-Vicente, Agustin; Garvin, Jeffrey L

2013-11-01

Thick ascending limbs (TAL) reabsorb 30% of the filtered NaCl load. Na enters the cells via apical Na-K-2Cl cotransporters and Na/H exchangers and exits via basolateral Na pumps. Chronic angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion increases net TAL Na transport and Na apical entry; however, little is known about its effects on the basolateral Na pump. We hypothesized that in rat TALs Na pump activity is enhanced by ANG II-infusion, a model of ANG II-induced hypertension. Rats were infused with 200 ng·kg(-1)·min(-1) ANG II or vehicle for 7 days, and TAL suspensions were obtained. We studied plasma membrane Na pump activity by measuring changes in 1) intracellular Na (Nai) induced by ouabain; and 2) ouabain-sensitive oxygen consumption (QO2). We found that the ouabain-sensitive rise in Nai in TALs from ANG II-infused rats was 12.8 ± 0.4 arbitrary fluorescent units (AFU)·mg(-1)·min(-1) compared with only 9.9 ± 1.1 AFU·mg(-1)·min(-1) in controls (P Na pump expression, the number of Na pumps in the plasma membrane, or the affinity for Na. When furosemide (1.1 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) was coinfused with ANG II, no increase in plasma membrane Na pump activity was observed. We concluded that in ANG II-induced hypertension Na pump activity is increased in the plasma membrane of TALs and that this increase is caused by the chronically enhanced Na entry occurring in this model.

Rats bred for helplessness exhibit positive reinforcement learning deficits which are not alleviated by an antidepressant dose of the MAO-B inhibitor deprenyl.

Science.gov (United States)

Schulz, Daniela; Henn, Fritz A; Petri, David; Huston, Joseph P

2016-08-04

Principles of negative reinforcement learning may play a critical role in the etiology and treatment of depression. We examined the integrity of positive reinforcement learning in congenitally helpless (cH) rats, an animal model of depression, using a random ratio schedule and a devaluation-extinction procedure. Furthermore, we tested whether an antidepressant dose of the monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitor deprenyl would reverse any deficits in positive reinforcement learning. We found that cH rats (n=9) were impaired in the acquisition of even simple operant contingencies, such as a fixed interval (FI) 20 schedule. cH rats exhibited no apparent deficits in appetite or reward sensitivity. They reacted to the devaluation of food in a manner consistent with a dose-response relationship. Reinforcer motivation as assessed by lever pressing across sessions with progressively decreasing reward probabilities was highest in congenitally non-helpless (cNH, n=10) rats as long as the reward probabilities remained relatively high. cNH compared to wild-type (n=10) rats were also more resistant to extinction across sessions. Compared to saline (n=5), deprenyl (n=5) reduced the duration of immobility of cH rats in the forced swimming test, indicative of antidepressant effects, but did not restore any deficits in the acquisition of a FI 20 schedule. We conclude that positive reinforcement learning was impaired in rats bred for helplessness, possibly due to motivational impairments but not deficits in reward sensitivity, and that deprenyl exerted antidepressant effects but did not reverse the deficits in positive reinforcement learning. Copyright © 2016 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Silicene for Na-ion battery applications

KAUST Repository

Zhu, Jiajie

2016-08-19

Na-ion batteries are promising candidates to replace Li-ion batteries in large scale applications because of the advantages in natural abundance and cost of Na. Silicene has potential as the anode in Li-ion batteries but so far has not received attention with respect to Na-ion batteries. In this context, freestanding silicene, a graphene-silicene-graphene heterostructure, and a graphene-silicene superlattice are investigated for possible application in Na-ion batteries, using first-principles calculations. The calculated Na capacities of 954mAh/g for freestanding silicene and 730mAh/g for the graphenesilicene superlattice (10% biaxial tensile strain) are highly competitive and potentials of >0.3 V against the Na/Na potential exceed the corresponding value of graphite. In addition, the diffusion barriers are predicted to be <0.3 eV.

Zerstören oder Bewahren? Umgang mit kulturellem Erbe bel H. Böll und E. Loest

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Helmut Galle

2003-12-01

Full Text Available O artigo descreve e analisa como dois importantes autores de oposição intelectual na Alemanha Ocidental (Böll e Oriental (Loest reconstroem, cada um para sua sociedade, as atitudes dominantes frente ao patrimônio cultural e arquitetônico. Em cada caso, as atitudes das elites do poder diferem daquelas dos opositores: Na RFA, o governo, em geral, preserva os monumentos, fingindo uma continuidade histórica; na RDA, o governo destrói palácios e igrejas para romper com as tradições. Os autores simpatizam com os opositores: Böll, no oeste, enfatiza a necessidade de destruir o patrimônio cultural para recuperar a função memorativa do mesmo, enquanto Loest opta pela resistência contra a política oficial da destruição no leste. A preservação de monumentos históricos é vista, em ambos os casos, em função das necessidades da geração atual, não como valor em si mesmo.

Hydrolysis of Rice Straw Pretreated by Na2SO3 Over Fe-resin/NaCl

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

YANG Hui

2017-05-01

Full Text Available To increase the conversion of rice straw(RS and the yield of products, we employed three methods, which were ultrasonic wave, steam explosion and Na2SO3 pretreatment to pretreat RS(the treated RS noted as CS-RS, ZQ-RS and Na2SO3-RS, respectively and found that Na2SO3 treatment was the best pretreatment method based on XRD, SEM, elemental analysis and content of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The conversion of Na2SO3-RS and the yield of total reducing sugar(TRS and levulinic acid(LA were 97.3%, 29.6% and 13.5%, respectively by 10% Fe-resin in 3.3% NaCl solution under 200 ℃.

Cinco Sentidos

OpenAIRE

Roldão, Mariana; Gonçalo, Eugénia; Martins, João; Silva, Ana Cristina; Teiga, Céu

2009-01-01

A cultura ocidental dominante caracteriza-se por ser uma cultura essencialmente antropocêntrica e que se manifesta numa consciência ecológica focada no Homem, expressa na protecção da Terra, visando o seu bem-estar económico. Nesta perspectiva, a natureza representa um valor de exploração de carácter económico, estético e lúdico, numa relação dominada pelo Homem. A exploração e rentabilização da natureza são tomadas numa visão economicista já que o Homem é visto sobretudo co...

Paralisia facial periférica congênita familiar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ehrenfried O. Wittig

1968-03-01

Full Text Available Os autores referem 6 casos de paralisia facial periférica congênita que se sucederam em três gerações. O estudo genético sugere a atuação de um gen autosômico dominante. Na mesma família foram assinalados outras alterações congênitas (estrabismo, nistagmo. Um dos pacientes com paralisia facial (caso II-7 também apresentava micrognatia. Os pacientes com outras alterações congênitas não foram examinados adequadamente, não sendo possível, por isso, estbelecer relação etiológica entre esses achados e a paralisia facial.

Na+/H+ and Na+/NH4+ exchange activities of zebrafish NHE3b expressed in Xenopus oocytes

Science.gov (United States)

Ito, Yusuke; Kato, Akira; Hirata, Taku; Hirose, Shigehisa

2014-01-01

Zebrafish Na+/H+ exchanger 3b (zNHE3b) is highly expressed in the apical membrane of ionocytes where Na+ is absorbed from ion-poor fresh water against a concentration gradient. Much in vivo data indicated that zNHE3b is involved in Na+ absorption but not leakage. However, zNHE3b-mediated Na+ absorption has not been thermodynamically explained, and zNHE3b activity has not been measured. To address this issue, we overexpressed zNHE3b in Xenopus oocytes and characterized its activity by electrophysiology. Exposure of zNHE3b oocytes to Na+-free media resulted in significant decrease in intracellular pH (pHi) and intracellular Na+ activity (aNai). aNai increased significantly when the cytoplasm was acidified by media containing CO2-HCO3− or butyrate. Activity of zNHE3b was inhibited by amiloride or 5-ethylisopropyl amiloride (EIPA). Although the activity was accompanied by a large hyperpolarization of ∼50 mV, voltage-clamp experiments showed that Na+/H+ exchange activity of zNHE3b is electroneutral. Exposure of zNHE3b oocytes to medium containing NH3/NH4+ resulted in significant decreases in pHi and aNai and significant increase in intracellular NH4+ activity, indicating that zNHE3b mediates the Na+/NH4+ exchange. In low-Na+ (0.5 mM) media, zNHE3b oocytes maintained aNai of 1.3 mM, and Na+-influx was observed when pHi was decreased by media containing CO2-HCO3− or butyrate. These results provide thermodynamic evidence that zNHE3b mediates Na+ absorption from ion-poor fresh water by its Na+/H+ and Na+/NH4+ exchange activities. PMID:24401990

Personalidade e protesto político na América Latina: bases psicossociais da contestação

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ednaldo Aparecido Ribeiro

Full Text Available Resumo Investigações recentes têm identificado cenário ambíguo de redução no envolvimento dos cidadãos em modalidades tradicionais e elevações consideráveis em formas contestatórias de mobilização. As interpretações acerca das consequências desse fenômeno são diversas, algumas apontando para os perigos da desmobilização tradicional e da apatia; outras enxergando na contestação impulso para o aprofundamento democrático. Quanto às possíveis causas, podemos encontrar clara divisão em duas perspectivas dominantes: de um lado, há pesquisadores que enfatizam fatores de ordem estrutural ou macro, tais como o nível de desenvolvimento econômico nacional e o grau de abertura do sistema político; de outro, encontramos autores que apontam para a relevância de atributos individuais, como sentimentos, atitudes e valores. Nessa segunda perspectiva analítica, todavia, um aspecto relevante continua pouco explorado: a personalidade individual. Os recentes avanços nos estudos em psicologia social sobre esse tema têm revelado que os indivíduos se distinguem em termos de traços psicológicos marcantes que se refletem em comportamentos mais inovadores ou conservadores, extrovertidos ou tímidos, responsáveis ou inconsequentes, dentre outros. Apesar da plausível relação entre esses tipos de personalidades e padrões de comportamentos políticos, poucos são os estudos que até o presente momento focalizam esse condicionante do engajamento dos cidadãos em diferentes formas de ativismo político. O presente trabalho apresenta resultados de pesquisa que procurou testar no plano empírico algumas hipóteses acerca desse relacionamento, focalizando especificamente o protesto político entre o público latino-americano. A base empírica para os testes é composta pelos dados produzidos pelo Latin American Public Project (Lapop, em sua onda de 2010, para um conjunto de 17 países. Com base em modelos estatísticos multivariados, foi

Radiosynthesis and in vivo evaluation of [11C]-labelled pyrrole-2-carboxamide derivates as novel radioligands for PET imaging of monoamine oxidase A

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

De Bruyne, Sylvie; La Regina, Giuseppe; Staelens, Steven; Wyffels, Leonie; Deleye, Steven; Silvestri, Romano; De Vos, Filip

2010-01-01

Introduction: Since MAO-A is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of neurotransmitters, fluctuations in MAO-A functionality are associated with psychiatric and neurological disorders as well as with tobacco addiction and behaviour. This study reports the radiolabelling of two [ 11 C]-labelled pyrrole-2-carboxamide derivates, RS 2315 and RS 2360, along with the characterization of their in vivo properties. Methods: The radiolabelling of [ 11 C]-RS 2315 and [ 11 C]-RS 2360 was accomplished by alkylation of their amide precursors with [ 11 C]CH 3 I. Biodistribution, blocking and metabolite studies of both tracers were performed in NMRI mice. Finally, a PET study in Sprague-Dawley rats was performed for [ 11 C]-RS 2360. Results: Both tracers were obtained in a radiochemical yield of approximately 30% with radiochemical purity of >98%. Biodistribution studies showed high brain uptake followed by rapid brain clearance for both radiotracers. In the brain, [ 11 C]-RS 2360 was more stable than [ 11 C]-RS 2315. Blocking studies in mice could not demonstrate specificity of [ 11 C]-RS 2315 towards MAO-A or MAO-B. The blocking and imaging study with [ 11 C]-RS 2360 on the other hand indicated specific binding in MAO-A at the earliest time points. Conclusions: [ 11 C]-RS 2315 displayed a high nonspecific binding and is therefore not suitable for visualization of MAO-A in vivo. [ 11 C]-RS 2360 on the other hand has potential for mapping MAO-A since specific binding is demonstrated.

The relation between aging, aortic NaF avidity and coronary artery NaF avidity: A NaF PET CT study

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Blomberg, Björn; Thomassen, Anders; Hildebrandt, Malene

2013-01-01

volunteers without traditional cardiovascular risk factors were prospectively assessed by Sodium 18-Fluoride (Na-18F) PET CT imaging. Global aortic uptake of Na-18F was determined by calculating the average aortic blood pool subtracted maximum standardized uptake value (cSUV) [maximum SUVaorta - mean...

Rescue of Na+ and H+ binding in Na+,K+-ATPase M8 aspartate mutants by secondary mutation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holm, Rikke; Einholm, Anja P.; Andersen, Jens Peter

A mutation replacing the aspartate in transmembrane segment M8 in the a3-isoform of Na,K-ATPase with asparagine has been found in patients with rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism or alternating hemiplegia of childhood. This aspartate may be a critical Na+ coordinating residue, but the crystal......-isoforms of Na,K-ATPase, and much smaller effects were seen for other mutations to the M8 aspartate, which were less disruptive of Na+ binding than mutations to other residues related to Na+ site III. The D928 (rat a1 numbering) mutations strongly diminished the cooperativity of Na+ binding. Moreover the p......H optimum of Na,K-ATPase activity was left-shifted, again with D928N being most disruptive. The reduced affinity for activating Na+ and for inhibitory protons, caused by D928N and D928A mutations, could be rescued by introduction of an additional mutation of a glutamate located far away from D928....

Salinity tolerance in barley (hordeum vulgare l.): effects of varying NaCl, K/sup +/ Na/sup +/ and NaHCO/sub 3/ levels on cultivars differing in tolerance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mahmood, K.

2011-01-01

Although barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is regarded as salt tolerant among crop plants, its growth and plant development is severely affected by ionic and osmotic stresses in salt-affected soils. To elucidate the tolerance mechanism, growth and ion uptake of three barley cultivars, differing in salt tolerance, were examined under different levels of NaCl, K/sup +/ Na/sup +/ and NaHCO/sub 3/ in the root medium. The cultivars differed greatly in their responses to varying root medium conditions. Plant growth was more adversely affected by NaHCO/sub 3/ than NaCl. In general, biomass yields were comparable under control and 100 mM NaCl. However, growth of all three cultivars was significantly inhibited by NaHCO/sub 3/ even at low concentration (10 mM). Improved K/sup +/ supply in saline medium increased K/sup +/ uptake and growth of less tolerant cultivars. K/sup +/ uptake was more adversely affected by NaHCO/sub 3/ than NaCl salinity. Selective K/sup +/ uptake and lower Cl/sup -/ in shoots seemed to be associated with the growth responses. K application would help better growth of these cultivars on K-deficient saline-sodic soils and under irrigation with poor quality water having high Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) and/or Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR). (author)

English language teaching: linguistic and cultural imperialism?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

James Duncan Hunter

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho examina a posição do Inglês como língua internacional em termos de forças políticas e econômicas que contribuíram para a posição dominante do inglês na arena mundial. O trabalho examina a acusação de que o ensino de inglês como segunda língua ou língua estrangeira contribui para o imperialismo lingüístico e cultural e desafia o pressuposto de que os falantes nativos de inglês são necessariamente os melhores professores. Recomenda- se aos profissionais de língua inglesa a adoção de uma filosofia de relativismo pragmático na sua avaliação das necessidades do aprendiz de forma a evitar tendências etnocêntricas em seus currículos.

Glutathionylation-Dependence of Na+-K+-Pump Currents Can Mimic Reduced Subsarcolemmal Na+ Diffusion

OpenAIRE

Garcia, Alvaro; Liu, Chia-Chi; Cornelius, Flemming; Clarke, Ronald?J.; Rasmussen, Helge?H.

2016-01-01

The existence of a subsarcolemmal space with restricted diffusion for Na+ in cardiac myocytes has been inferred from a transient peak electrogenic Na+-K+ pump current beyond steady state on reexposure of myocytes to K+ after a period of exposure to K+-free extracellular solution. The transient peak current is attributed to enhanced electrogenic pumping of Na+ that accumulated in the diffusion-restricted space during pump inhibition in K+-free extracellular solution. However, there are no know...

Myocardial Na,K-ATPase: Clinical aspects

OpenAIRE

Kjeldsen, Keld

2003-01-01

The specific binding of digitalis glycosides to Na,K-ATPase is used as a tool for Na,K-ATPase quantification with high accuracy and precision. In myocardial biopsies from patients with heart failure, total Na,K-ATPase concentration is decreased by around 40%; a correlation exists between a decrease in heart function and a decrease in Na,K-ATPase concentration. During digitalization, around 30% of remaining pumps are occupied by digoxin. Myocardial Na,K-ATPase is also influenced by other drugs...

Down-Regulation of the Na+-Coupled Phosphate Transporter NaPi-IIa by AMP-Activated Protein Kinase

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miribane Dërmaku-Sopjani

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Background/Aims: The Na+-coupled phosphate transporter NaPi-IIa is the main carrier accomplishing renal tubular phosphate reabsorption. It is driven by the electrochemical Na+ gradient across the apical cell membrane, which is maintained by Na+ extrusion across the basolateral cell membrane through the Na+/K+ ATPase. The operation of NaPi-IIa thus requires energy in order to avoid cellular Na+ accumulation and K+ loss with eventual decrease of cell membrane potential, Cl- entry and cell swelling. Upon energy depletion, early inhibition of Na+-coupled transport processes may delay cell swelling and thus foster cell survival. Energy depletion is sensed by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK, a serine/threonine kinase stimulating several cellular mechanisms increasing energy production and limiting energy utilization. The present study explored whether AMPK influences the activity of NAPi-IIa. Methods: cRNA encoding NAPi-IIa was injected into Xenopus oocytes with or without additional expression of wild-type AMPK (AMPKα1-HA+AMPKβ1-Flag+AMPKγ1-HA, of inactive AMPKαK45R (AMPKα1K45R+AMPKβ1-Flag+AMPKγ1-HA or of constitutively active AMPKγR70Q (AMPKα1-HA+AMPKβ1-Flag+AMPKγ1R70Q. NaPi-IIa activity was estimated from phosphate-induced current in dual electrode voltage clamp experiments. Results: In NaPi-IIa-expressing, but not in water-injected Xenopus oocytes, the addition of phosphate (1 mM to the extracellular bath solution generated a current (Ip, which was significantly decreased by coexpression of wild-type AMPK and of AMPKγR70Q but not of AMPKαK45R. The phosphate-induced current in NaPi-IIa- and AMPK-expressing Xenopus ooocytes was significantly increased by AMPK inhibitor Compound C (20 µM. Kinetic analysis revealed that AMPK significantly decreased the maximal transport rate. Conclusion: The AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK is a powerful regulator of NaPi-IIa and thus of renal tubular phosphate transport.

Thermodynamic study of NaFe complex oxides. High temperature properties of Na sub 5 FeO sub 4 and Na sub 3 FeO sub 3

CERN Document Server

Furukawa, T

2002-01-01

In order to contribute the investigation into corrosion mechanism of the structural materials by leakage sodium, thermodynamic study of Na-Fe complex oxides formed by the reactions was carried out. Na sub 5 FeO sub 4 and Na sub 3 FeO sub 3 were used as the sample. Its high temperature properties (i.e. melting, solidification and transformation) were observed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, DSC. Moreover, the original test named 'melting point confirmation test' was performed for the observation of traces of melting and solidification after the tests. Following contents have been obtained by this study. (1) Na sub 5 FeO sub 4 was stably as the solid without phase transformation and melting until 800degC. However, the compound was showing a tendency to change into Na sub 4 FeO sub 3 with temperature increasing under the low oxygen potential. (2) The stability of Na sub 3 FeO sub 3 is the same as that of Na sub 5 FeO sub 4 until 700degC. Over the temperature, the compound was changed differential compound ...

Metallic Na formation in NaCl crystals with irradiation of electron or vacuum ultraviolet photon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Owaki, Shigehiro [Osaka Prefecture Univ., Sakai, Osaka (Japan). Coll. of Integrated Arts and Sciences; Koyama, Shigeko; Takahashi, Masao; Kamada, Masao; Suzuki, Ryouichi

1997-03-01

Metallic Na was formed in NaCl single crystals with irradiation of a variety of radiation sources and analyzed the physical states with several methods. In the case of irradiation of 21 MeV electron pulses to the crystal blocks, the optical absorption and lifetime measurement of positron annihilation indicated appearance of Na clusters inside. Radiation effects of electron beam of 30 keV to the crystals in vacuum showed the appearance of not only metallic Na but atomic one during irradiation with Auger electron spectroscopy. Intense photon fluxes in vacuum ultraviolet region of synchrotron radiation were used as another source and an analyzing method of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed the metallic Na layered so thick that bulk plasmon can exist. (author)

Effects of Voltage on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Micro-arc Oxidation Ceramic Coatings Formed on KBM10 Magnesium Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, J. P.; Cao, G. P.; Quan, G. F.; Wang, C.; Zhuang, J. J.; Song, R. G.

2018-01-01

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings on KBM10 magnesium alloy were prepared in an electrolyte system with sodium silicate, potassium hydroxide, sodium tungstate, and citric acid. The effects of voltage on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of MAO coatings were studied using stereoscopic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, scratch tests, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the roughness of the MAO coatings, diameter, and number of pores increase with the increase in voltage. The coating formed at the voltage of 350 V exhibited the best adhesive strength when evaluated by the automatic scratch tester. The coatings were mainly composed of MgO, MgWO4, and Mg2SiO4, and the content of Mg2SiO4 increased with the increase in voltage. The corrosion resistance of MAO coatings could be improved by changing the applied voltage, and the best corrosion resistance of MAO coating was observed at the voltage of 350 V.

Phenolic Modified Ceramic Coating on Biodegradable Mg Alloy: The Improved Corrosion Resistance and Osteoblast-Like Cell Activity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hung-Pang Lee

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Magnesium alloys have great potential for developing orthopedic implants due to their biodegradability and mechanical properties, but the rapid corrosion rate of the currently-available alloys limits their clinical applications. To increase the corrosion resistance of the substrate, a protective ceramic coating is constructed by a micro-arc oxidation (MAO process on ZK60 magnesium alloy. The porous ceramic coating is mainly composed of magnesium oxide and magnesium silicate, and the results from cell cultures show it can stimulate osteoblastic cell growth and proliferation. Moreover, gallic acid, a phenolic compound, was successfully introduced onto the MAO coating by grafting on hydrated oxide and chelating with magnesium ions. The gallic acid and rough surface of MAO altered the cell attachment behavior, making it difficult for fibroblasts to adhere to the MAO coating. The viability tests showed that gallic acid could suppress fibroblast growth and stimulate osteoblastic cell proliferation. Overall, the porous MAO coating combined with gallic acid offered a novel strategy for increasing osteocompatibility.

In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies of tedizolid to assess the potential for peripheral or central monoamine oxidase interactions.

Science.gov (United States)