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Sample records for manson benedict

  1. Mansonic neuroschistosomiasis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Otavio Augusto Moreno de Carvalho

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Mansonic neuroschistosomiasis (MN is not only the most common but also the most serious ectopic presentation of the infection by Schistosoma mansoni. Both, brain and spinal cord can be independently affected by the infection, but the later is more frequently affected. Brain MN by itself is due to the presence of eggs and/or adult worms in situ and can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Unlike the brain MN, spinal cord mansonic neuroschistosomiasis is more frequently symptomatic. In both forms the intensity, the seriousness and also the clinical characteristics of signs and symptoms depend on the amount of eggs in the compromised region and on the intensity of the inflammatory reaction surrounding the eggs. Cerebrospinal fluid examination and magnetic resonance imaging are important diagnostic tools. Both corticosteroids and drugs against S. mansoni are used in the treatment. The outcome may largely depend upon the prompt use of these drugs.

  2. Saint Benedict of Palermo in Spain

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    Bernard VINCENT

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Among the devotions to the black Saints, the one of which Benedict of Palermo was the object in Spain in the 17th and 18th centuries was the most remarkable. Born near Palermo to African slaves, this lay brother of a Sicilian franciscan convent, died in the odor of sanctity in 1589. His immediate popularity, encouraged both by the Church and by the Hispanic monarchy, was considerable within the communities of slaves and free blacks. Benedict was beatified in 1743, event which was followed by numerous celebrations and his eventual canonization in 1807. The fervour which surrounded him fade gradually because of the competition represented by the devotion to other black saints and by the very visible decline of slavery. However, thanks to the efforts of the franciscan order, the worship of Saint Benoît of Palermo continued until our days, particularly in Galicia.

  3. Cliff Richard hakkab veini tootma. Marilyn Manson avab isikliku kunstinäituse

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2002-01-01

    Cliff Richardi Portugali viinamarjaistandusest pärinevast veinist "Vida Nova". 20. septembril avab oma albumit "The Golden Age Of Grotesque" lõpetav laulja Marilyn Manson oma esimese kunstinäituse Los Angeleses Hollywoodis

  4. Manson Chicks and Microskirted Cuties : Pornification in Thomas Pynchon's Inherent Vice

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Cook, S.J.|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/411939432

    2015-01-01

    Many sexual encounters in Thomas Pynchon’s fiction have occurred beyond the mainstream, generating theatres of perversity which dramatise the death wish and enact power relations from wider arenas. However, in Inherent Vice they change in nature. With the exception of scenes which use Charles Manson

  5. Analysis of the Papal Benediction Sign: The ulnar neuropathy of St. Peter.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Futterman, Bennett

    2015-09-01

    The origin of the Papal Benediction Sign has been a source of controversy for many generations of medical students. The question has been whether the Papal Benediction Sign posture is the result of an injury to the median nerve or to the ulnar nerve. The increasingly popular use of online "chat rooms" and the vast quantities of information available on the internet has led to an increasing level of confusion. Looking in major anatomy texts, anatomy and board review books as well as numerous internet sites the answer remains unresolved. Through the analysis of functional anatomy of the hand, cultural and religious practices of the early centuries of the Common Era and church art a clear answer emerges. It will become apparent that this hand posture results from an ulnar neuropathy. Copyright © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  6. Comparison of Benedict-Webb-Rubin, Starling and Lee-Kesler equations of state for use in P-V-T calculations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    McFee, D.G.; Mueller, K.H.; Lielmezs, J.

    1982-01-01

    By means of the available experimental gas compressibility data, the predictive accuracy of the Benedict-Webb-Rubin, Starling and Lee-Kesler equations was tested over wide temperature and pressure ranges for the following commonly used industrial gases: CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 8 , CO 2 , Ar, He, H 2 and N 2 . The root mean square (RMS) percent errors calculated over the T-P range investigated for all compounds, showed a degree of superiority and ease of use of the Lee-Kesler equation over the Benedict-Webb-Rubin and Starling equations. In order to treat quantal fluids H 2 and He, the Benedict-Webb-Rubin equation was modified by making constant B 0 temperature dependent, while the Starling and Lee-Kesler equations were rewritten through inclusion of quantum effect corrected pseudo-critical state parameters. (orig.)

  7. Celebrating Benedict Kiely 2007 Benedict Kiely Weekend Keynote Address

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    David Pierce

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available Benedict Kiely (1919-2007 has an annual weekend devoted to his memory as one ofIreland’s leading writers in the modern period. The sixth such event was held in the newly-built Strule Arts Centre in Omagh in September 2007. Kiely lived most of his life in Dublin, pursuing a career as a journalist and a writer, but his roots were in County Tyrone. Educated by the Christian Brothers in Omagh, he embarked on a Jesuit novitiate in the Irish Midlands but this was cut short by a spinal injury, which meant a year of confinement on the broad of his back. Subsequently, he went on to read English and History at University College Dublin. His journalistic career took him first to the Irish Independent and then to the Irish Press, where he was literary editor. In the 1960s he took up visiting professorships at several North American colleges in Oregon and Tennessee. On his return he became well-known on Irish radio for talks and discussion programmes, and he was a regular contributor to Sunday Miscellany. A sharp observer of the Northern scene, he was particularly disturbed by the upsurge in violence in the recent Troubles, airing his grievances in imaginative works such as Proxopera (1977 andNothing Happens in Carmincross (1985. He died in Dublin on 9 February 2007 after a short illness, and after Requiem mass in Donnybrook he was laid to rest in the Dublin Road Cemetery in Omagh. The following is the text of the opening address I was invited to give at the sixth annual weekend. I spoke about Kiely’s sense of connection running through his writings.

  8. ESTIMATING BASAL ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: THE VALUE OF THE HARRIS-BENEDICT EQUATION

    OpenAIRE

    PINTO, Andressa S.; CHEDID, Marcio F.; GUERRA, Léa T.; ÁLVARES-DA-SILVA, Mario R.; ARAÚJO, Alexandre de; GUIMARÃES, Luciano S.; LEIPNITZ, Ian; CHEDID, Aljamir D.; KRUEL, Cleber R. P.; GREZZANA-FILHO, Tomaz J. M.; KRUEL, Cleber D. P.

    2016-01-01

    ABSTRACT Background: Reliable measurement of basal energy expenditure (BEE) in liver transplant (LT) recipients is necessary for adapting energy requirements, improving nutritional status and preventing weight gain. Indirect calorimetry (IC) is the gold standard for measuring BEE. However, BEE may be estimated through alternative methods, including electrical bioimpedance (BI), Harris-Benedict Equation (HBE), and Mifflin-St. Jeor Equation (MSJ) that carry easier applicability and lower cost....

  9. “Wake up! Why are you asleep, Lord? Wake up! Do not reject forever!”. About Benedict XVI’s speech in Auschwitz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Witold Ostafiński

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available The contents of the article contain an analysis of Benedict XVI’s speech delivered in Auschwitz-Birkenau during his first pilgrimage to Poland in 2006. The author subjects the papal speech to rhetorical analysis, which aims to display reciprocal relations between three most important domains of rhetoric: invention, disposition, and elocution. The author pays particular attention to the arguments that the Pope utilises referring to three sources: the Bible, history, literature and the present. The analogy of these areas, thanks to rhetorical amplification, serves to extract and reveal the depth of historical ideas. The papal speech, filled with biblical references, is a clear lecture of faith and a moving manifesto in honour of good and the need for interpersonal love. According to Benedict XVI, Auschwitz-Birkenau, that he called the largest European cemetery, should become a symbol of hope and reconcili- ation of the nations of modern Europe.

  10. St. Benedict Sees the Light: Asam's Solar Eclipses as Metaphor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Olson, Roberta J. M.; Pasachoff, Jay M.

    During the Baroque period, artists worked in a style - encouraged by the Roman Catholic Church and the Council of Trent - that revealed the divine in natural forms and made religious experiences more accessible. Cosmas Damian Asam, painter and architect, and his brother Egid (Aegid) Quirin Asam, sculptor and stuccatore, were the principal exponents of eighteenth-century, southern-German religious decoration and architecture in the grand manner, the Gesamtkunstwerk. Cosmas Damian's visionary and ecstatic art utilized light, both physical and illusionistic, together with images of meteorological and astronomical phenomena, such as solar and lunar eclipses. This paper focuses on his representations of eclipses and demonstrates how Asam was galvanized by their visual, as well as metaphorical power and that he studied a number of them. He subsequently applied his observations in a series of paintings for the Benedictine order that become increasingly astronomically accurate and spiritually profound. From the evidence presented, especially in three depictions of St. Benedict's vision, the artist harnessed his observations to visualize the literary description of the miraculous event in the Dialogues of St. Gregory the Great, traditionally a difficult scene to illustrate, even for Albrecht Dürer. Asam painted the trio at Einsiedeln, Switzerland (1724-27); Kladruby, the Czech Republic (1725-27), where he captured the solar corona and the "diamond-ring effect"; and Weltenburg, Germany (1735), where he also depicted the diamond-ring effect at a total solar eclipse. We conclude that his visualizations were informed by his personal observations of the solar eclipses on 12 May 1706, 22 May 1724, and 13 May 1733. Asam may have also known the eclipse maps of Edmond Halley and William Whiston that were issued in advance. Astronomers did not start studying eclipses scientifically until the nineteenth century, making Asam's depictions all the more fascinating. So powerful was the

  11. La importancia de Comunidades imaginadas y de Benedict Anderson

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    Craig Calhoun

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available El remarcable libro Comunidades imaginadas de Benedict Anderson reconfiguró el estudio de las naciones y el nacionalismo. Sorprendentemente original, rompió con el excesivo énfasis que hasta el momento se ponía en el continente europeo y con los argumentos falsamente polarizados sobre si las naciones existían desde siempre o eran meros epifenómenos de los estados modernos. Comunidades imaginadas dirige la atención a la dinámica de la imaginación organizada social y culturalmente como proceso que se encuentra en el corazón de la cultura política, la comprensión de uno mismo y la solidaridad, idea que, como innovación de primer orden en la comprensión de los ‘imaginarios sociales’, tuvo una influencia que va más allá del estudio del nacionalismo. Sin embargo, el enfoque de Anderson conservó el incapié en las condiciones materiales que configuran la cultura y en las instituciones que facilitan su reproducción, desde periódicos y novelas a censos, mapas y museos.

  12. Autotransplantation of spleen tissue in children with mansonic schistosomiasis who underwent splenectomy: Evaluation of splenic residual functions

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    Brandt Carlos Teixeira

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available Autotransplantation of spleen tissue is an attempt for maintenance of splenic functions when splenectomy is indicated in children. It minimizes the risks of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection and it has been done in children with severe portal hypertension due to hepatosplenic mansonic schistosomiasis that underwent splenectomy. The purposes of this investigation were to study the morphology of the residual splenic tissue; to evaluate the residual filtration function of this splenosis; and to assess the immune response to polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine of these patients. Twenty-three children with portal hypertension from mansonic schistosomiasis who underwent splenectomy, ligature of the left gastric vein, autotransplantation of spleen tissue into an omental pouch were evaluated for residual splenic parenchyma and functions. Tc-99m sulfur colloid liver-spleen scans were used for detection of splenic nodules. The search for Howell Jolly bodies were used for assessing the filtration function and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for measuring the relative rise in titter of specific pneumococcal antibodies. Splenosis was evident in all children; however, in two there were less than five splenic nodules in the greater omentum, which was considered insufficient. Howell-Jolly bodies were found in the peripheral blood only in these two patients with less evident splenosis. The immune response was adequate in 15 patients; it was intermediate in 4 patients and inadequate in 4 patients. Autotransplantation of spleen tissue into an omental pouch is efficient in maintaining the filtration splenic function in more than 90% of the cases and the immune response to pneumococcal vaccination in approximately 65% of the children.

  13. Flat Field Anomalies in an X-Ray CCD Camera Measured Using a Manson X-Ray Source

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Michael Haugh

    2008-01-01

    The Static X-ray Imager (SXI) is a diagnostic used at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to measure the position of the X-rays produced by lasers hitting a gold foil target. It determines how accurately NIF can point the laser beams and is critical to proper NIF operation. Imagers are located at the top and the bottom of the NIF target chamber. The CCD chip is an X-ray sensitive silicon sensor, with a large format array (2k x 2k), 24 (micro)m square pixels, and 15 (micro)m thick. A multi-anode Manson X-ray source, operating up to 10kV and 2mA, was used to characterize and calibrate the imagers. The output beam is heavily filtered to narrow the spectral beam width, giving a typical resolution E/ΔE ∼ 12. The X-ray beam intensity was measured using an absolute photodiode that has accuracy better than 1% up to the Si K edge and better than 5% at higher energies. The X-ray beam provides full CCD illumination and is flat, within ±1.5% maximum to minimum. The spectral efficiency was measured at 10 energy bands ranging from 930 eV to 8470 eV. The efficiency pattern follows the properties of Si. The maximum quantum efficiency is 0.71. We observed an energy dependent pixel sensitivity variation that showed continuous change over a large portion of the CCD. The maximum sensitivity variation was >8% at 8470 eV. The geometric pattern did not change at lower energies, but the maximum contrast decreased and was less than the measurement uncertainty below 4 keV. We were also able to observe debris on the CCD chip. The debris showed maximum contrast at the lowest energy used, 930 eV, and disappeared by 4 keV. The Manson source is a powerful tool for characterizing the imaging errors of an X-ray CCD imager. These errors are quite different from those found in a visible CCD imager

  14. Flat Field Anomalies in an X-ray CCD Camera Measured Using a Manson X-ray Source (HTPD 08 paper)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Haugh, M; Schneider, M B

    2008-01-01

    The Static X-ray Imager (SXI) is a diagnostic used at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to measure the position of the X-rays produced by lasers hitting a gold foil target. The intensity distribution taken by the SXI camera during a NIF shot is used to determine how accurately NIF can aim laser beams. This is critical to proper NIF operation. Imagers are located at the top and the bottom of the NIF target chamber. The CCD chip is an X-ray sensitive silicon sensor, with a large format array (2k x 2k), 24 (micro)m square pixels, and 15 (micro)m thick. A multi-anode Manson X-ray source, operating up to 10kV and 10W, was used to characterize and calibrate the imagers. The output beam is heavily filtered to narrow the spectral beam width, giving a typical resolution E/ΔE ∼ 10. The X-ray beam intensity was measured using an absolute photodiode that has accuracy better than 1% up to the Si K edge and better than 5% at higher energies. The X-ray beam provides full CCD illumination and is flat, within ±1% maximum to minimum. The spectral efficiency was measured at 10 energy bands ranging from 930 eV to 8470 eV. We observed an energy dependent pixel sensitivity variation that showed continuous change over a large portion of the CCD. The maximum sensitivity variation occurred at 8470 eV. The geometric pattern did not change at lower energies, but the maximum contrast decreased and was not observable below 4 keV. We were also able to observe debris, damage, and surface defects on the CCD chip. The Manson source is a powerful tool for characterizing the imaging errors of an X-ray CCD imager. These errors are quite different from those found in a visible CCD imager

  15. X-ray intensity and source size characterizations for the 25 kV upgraded Manson source at Sandia National Laboratories

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Loisel, G., E-mail: gploise@sandia.gov; Lake, P.; Gard, P.; Dunham, G.; Nielsen-Weber, L.; Wu, M. [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 (United States); Norris, E. [Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409 (United States)

    2016-11-15

    At Sandia National Laboratories, the x-ray generator Manson source model 5 was upgraded from 10 to 25 kV. The purpose of the upgrade is to drive higher characteristics photon energies with higher throughput. In this work we present characterization studies for the source size and the x-ray intensity when varying the source voltage for a series of K-, L-, and M-shell lines emitted from Al, Y, and Au elements composing the anode. We used a 2-pinhole camera to measure the source size and an energy dispersive detector to monitor the spectral content and intensity of the x-ray source. As the voltage increases, the source size is significantly reduced and line intensity is increased for the three materials. We can take advantage of the smaller source size and higher source throughput to effectively calibrate the suite of Z Pulsed Power Facility crystal spectrometers.

  16. X-ray intensity and source size characterizations for the 25 kV upgraded Manson source at Sandia National Laboratories.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Loisel, G; Lake, P; Gard, P; Dunham, G; Nielsen-Weber, L; Wu, M; Norris, E

    2016-11-01

    At Sandia National Laboratories, the x-ray generator Manson source model 5 was upgraded from 10 to 25 kV. The purpose of the upgrade is to drive higher characteristics photon energies with higher throughput. In this work we present characterization studies for the source size and the x-ray intensity when varying the source voltage for a series of K-, L-, and M-shell lines emitted from Al, Y, and Au elements composing the anode. We used a 2-pinhole camera to measure the source size and an energy dispersive detector to monitor the spectral content and intensity of the x-ray source. As the voltage increases, the source size is significantly reduced and line intensity is increased for the three materials. We can take advantage of the smaller source size and higher source throughput to effectively calibrate the suite of Z Pulsed Power Facility crystal spectrometers.

  17. Generalization of Coffin-Manson relation in connection with the low-cycle fatigue in the temperature range 20-300 o C

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Radu, V.

    1992-01-01

    The low-cycle fatigue phenomenon in the framework of plastic deformation is studied considering the temperature parameter. The experimental results obtained for the plastic strain Δε p (1-7%), in the temperature range 20-300 o C are examined. The conclusion is that the lifetime, expressed by the number of stress cycles, N f , is given by the relation N f = C exp(-A/T)(Δε p ) β+αΔT , where T is the absolute temperature, Δε p is double of plastic deformation amplitude, and C, A, β, and α are material constants. This relation can be interpreted as being the generalization of a relation, known in literature as the 'Coffin-Manson relation', but which does not include the temperature parameter. The validation of this relation can be done either on the results presented in this paper or an those published in literature. (Author)

  18. Georadar studies on St. Benedict's Church on Lasota Hill, Kraków, Poland

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tomecka-Suchoń, Sylwia

    2012-04-01

    Georadar methodology has a considerable potential as a tool for verification of archeological hypotheses. I applied it in the present study to resolve a discussion on the importance of a Proto-Romanesque structure located on Lasota Hill. It is one of the oldest structures on the right bank of Vistula River in Kraków in Poland and some archeologists believe that it was the first seat of the rulers of Lesser Poland in the 9th century. After few decades, the prince's castle was built on Wawel Hill, where subsequently the royal castle was constructed. On the place of the abandoned Proto-Romanesque edifice, a small St. Benedict's Church was raised, but the importance of its predecessor was discussed. Archeological excavations suggested that it served as the prince's residence, but this view would be much strengthened if traces of a prince's building — palatium — could be found. With this in mind, I undertook a search for traces of palatium, employing georadar methodology. I carried out the measurements using Georadar PROEX produced by MALA Geoscience with a set of shielded antennas of frequencies 500 and 800 MHz. They permitted to construct echogram profiles, whose interpretation suggested the existence of palatium. Thus, the georadar data supported the archeological hypothesis about the important role of the Proto-Romanesque structures on Lasota Hill in the early medieval era in Poland, and at the same time demonstrated the usefulness of introducing geophysical methods to archaeology.

  19. Rosários dos Pretos, Saint Benedict of Quissama: Black Confraternities and Devotions in the Atlantic World (Portugal and Angola, 1700s

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lucilene REGINALDO

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available In the eighteenth century, confraternities such as that of Our Lady of the Rosary and those dedicated to the black saints Benedict, Iphigenia and Elesban – to mention only the most popular devotions – were common in different areas of the Atlantic World. They were especially popular among people of color, both enslaved and free. In this paper I argue that the popularity of these sodalities should not be understood solely as the result of Catholic expansion. Rather, Africans and their descendents assumed an active role in this process, as important agents in propagating and popularizing the devotions and black confraternities. In order to understand this process I examine the history of black confraternities and devotions in two parts of the Portuguese Atlantic world: the kingdom of Portugal and the territories it conquered in Angola.

  20. A Modified Benedict-Webb-Rubin Equation of State for the Thermodynamic Properties of R152a (1,1-difluoroethane)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Outcalt, Stephanie L.; McLinden, Mark O.

    1996-03-01

    A modified Benedict-Webb-Rubin (MBWR) equation of state has been developed for R152a (1,1-difluoroethane). The correlation is based on a selection of available experimental thermodynamic property data. Single-phase pressure-volume-temperature (PVT), heat capacity, and sound speed data, as well as second virial coefficient, vapor pressure, and saturated liquid and saturated vapor density data, were used with multi-property linear least-squares fitting to determine the 32 adjustable coefficients of the MBWR equation. Ancillary equations representing the vapor pressure, saturated liquid and saturated vapor densities, and the ideal gas heat capacity were determined. Coefficients for the equation of state and the ancillary equations are given. Experimental data used in this work covered temperatures from 162 K to 453 K and pressures to 35 MPa. The MBWR equation established in this work may be used to predict thermodynamic properties of R152a from the triple-point temperature of 154.56 K to 500 K and for pressures up to 60 MPa except in the immediate vicinity of the critical point.

  1. "Hiperesplenismo" em hipertensão porta por esquistossomose mansônica "Hiperesplenism" in portal hypertension provoked by Manson's schistosomiasis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andy Petroianu

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Durante anos, as alterações hematológicas que ocorrem na esquistossomose mansônica hepatoesplênica vêm sendo definidas como hiperesplenismo. Inicialmente, acreditava-se que apenas a remoção do baço normalizava os valores hematológicos, entretanto, em cirurgias para o tratamento da hipertensão porta nas quais o baço era preservado, observou-se normalização dos valores hematimétricos. Cabe correlacionar o quadro clínico e laboratorial para definir a real existência de hiperesplenismo. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 51 doentes portadores de hipertensão porta por esquistossomose mansônica distribuídos em cinco grupos: Grupo 1- pacientes não operados e em controle clínico, Grupo 2- pacientes submetidos a anastomose esplenorrenal distal, Grupo 3 - pacientes com esplenectomia subtotal e anastomose esplenorrenal proximal, Grupo 4 - pacientes com esplenectomia total e anastomose esplenorrenal proximal e Grupo 5 - pacientes com esplenectomia total e desconexão porta-varizes. Sinais clínicos de hiperesplenismo foram pesquisados em todos os doentes. Os valores hematológicos e as contagens das imunoglobulinas do pré e do pós-operatório foram comparados pelos testes de Friedman e t para amostras emparelhadas. Os grupos foram comparados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis, com significância pFor many years, the hematologic changes occurring in hepatosplenic Manson's schistosomiasis have been defined as hypersplenism. Initially, the belief was that removal of the spleen would normalize the hematologic values. However, hematimetric normalization was observed in surgeries for the treatment of portal hypertension in which the spleen was preserved. In view of these findings, it is necessary to verify the clinical and laboratory profile of these patients in order to define the real presence of hypersplenism. This study was conducted on 51 patients with Manson's schistosomatic portal hypertension divided into five groups: Group 1, non

  2. Determination of the energy requirements in mechanically ventilated critically ill elderly patients in different BMI groups using the Harris–Benedict equation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pi-Hui Hsu

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available Background: Due to studies on calorie requirement in mechanically ventilated critically ill elderly patients are few, and indirect calorimetry (IC is not available in every intensive care unit (ICU. The aim of this study was to compare IC and Harris–Benedict (HB predictive equation in different BMI groups. Methods: A total of 177 mechanically ventilated critically ill elderly patients (≧65 years old underwent IC for measured resting energy expenditure (MREE. Estimated calorie requirement was calculated by the HB equation, using actual body weight (ABW and ideal body weight (IBW separately. Patients were divided into four BMI groups. One-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for statistical analyses. Results: The mean MREE was 1443.6 ± 318.2 kcal/day, HB(ABW was 1110.9 ± 177.0 kcal/day and HB(IBW was 1101.5 ± 113.1 kcal/day. The stress factor (SFA = MREE ÷ HB(ABW was 1.43 ± 0.26 for the underweight, 1.30 ± 0.27 for the normal weight, 1.20 ± 0.19 for the overweight, and 1.20 ± 0.31 for the obese. The SFI (SFI = MREE ÷ HB(IBW was 1.24 ± 0.24 for the underweight, 1.31 ± 0.26 for the normal weight, 1.36 ± 0.21 for the overweight, and 1.52 ± 0.39 for the obese. MREE had significant correlation both with REE(ABW = HB(ABW × SFA (r = 0.46; P < 0.0001 and REE(IBW = HB(IBW × SFI (r = 0.43; P < 0.0001. Conclusion: IC is the best accurate method for assessing calorie requirement of mechanically ventilated critically ill elderly patients. When IC is not available, using the predictive HB equation is an alternative choice. Calorie requirement can be predicted by HB(ABW × 1.20–1.43 for critically ill elderly patients according to different BMI groups, or using HB(IBW × 1.24–1.52 for patients with edema, ascites or no available body weight data. Keywords: Body Mass Index, Elderly critical care, Harris–Benedict equation, Indirect calorimetry

  3. Calorimetria indireta x Harris Benedict: determinação, validação e comparação para cálculo da taxa metabólica de repouso em obesos grau III.

    OpenAIRE

    Carla Barbosa Nonino

    2002-01-01

    Vários estudos analisando a taxa de metabolismo de repouso (TMR) contribuíram com equações cuja proposta era estabelecer padrões que pudessem ser genericamente utilizadas para se estimar a TMR. A equação de Harris-Benedict (HB), permanece como o método mais comumente utilizado para estimar a TMR. Porém, em indivíduos obesos o uso de equações preditivas da TMR pode levar a resultados conflitantes. Indivíduos obesos submetidos a dietas hipocalóricas podem apresentar uma diminuição da TMR e do ...

  4. ESTIMATING BASAL ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: THE VALUE OF THE HARRIS-BENEDICT EQUATION.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pinto, Andressa S; Chedid, Marcio F; Guerra, Léa T; Álvares-DA-Silva, Mario R; Araújo, Alexandre de; Guimarães, Luciano S; Leipnitz, Ian; Chedid, Aljamir D; Kruel, Cleber R P; Grezzana-Filho, Tomaz J M; Kruel, Cleber D P

    2016-01-01

    Reliable measurement of basal energy expenditure (BEE) in liver transplant (LT) recipients is necessary for adapting energy requirements, improving nutritional status and preventing weight gain. Indirect calorimetry (IC) is the gold standard for measuring BEE. However, BEE may be estimated through alternative methods, including electrical bioimpedance (BI), Harris-Benedict Equation (HBE), and Mifflin-St. Jeor Equation (MSJ) that carry easier applicability and lower cost. To determine which of the three alternative methods for BEE estimation (HBE, BI and MSJ) would provide most reliable BEE estimation in LT recipients. Prospective cross-sectional study including dyslipidemic LT recipients in follow-up at a 735-bed tertiary referral university hospital. Comparisons of BEE measured through IC to BEE estimated through each of the three alternative methods (HBE, BI and MSJ) were performed using Bland-Altman method and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. Forty-five patients were included, aged 58±10 years. BEE measured using IC was 1664±319 kcal for males, and 1409±221 kcal for females. Average difference between BEE measured by IC (1534±300 kcal) and BI (1584±377 kcal) was +50 kcal (p=0.0384). Average difference between the BEE measured using IC (1534±300 kcal) and MSJ (1479.6±375 kcal) was -55 kcal (p=0.16). Average difference between BEE values measured by IC (1534±300 kcal) and HBE (1521±283 kcal) was -13 kcal (p=0.326). Difference between BEE estimated through IC and HBE was less than 100 kcal for 39 of all 43patients. Among the three alternative methods, HBE was the most reliable for estimating BEE in LT recipients. Estimativa confiável do metabolismo basal em pacientes transplantados de fígado é necessária para adaptar os requerimentos energéticos, melhorar o estado nutricional e prevenir ganho de peso. Calorimetria indireta (CI) é o padrão-ouro para a medição do metabolismo basal. No entanto, ele pode ser estimado utilizando-se métodos alternativos

  5. Tout cela est bien quelque chose: Digital Preservation Today: how European Commission programmes and policy have brought us here: Festschrift for Patricia (Pat Manson

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Janet Delve

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Patricia (Pat Manson worked with the European Commission's (EC’s research programmes from the early 1990s, initially as project officer (December 1991-March 2003 and then as Head of Unit (April 2003-2011 for Cultural Heritage and Technology Enhanced Learning which was part of the Directorate General Information Society and Media. The unit focused primarily on research in digital libraries, digital preservation, and in the use of ICTs for improving learning, but was also involved in the development of the i2010 digital libraries policies and actions. Prior to joining the Commission, she worked in the UK providing a national advisory and market watch service to libraries on the use of new technologies. She is now Head of the Inclusion, Skills & Youth Unit of the EC’s Directorate General for Communication Networks, Content and Technology (DG CONNECT, where the unit’s goal is to ensure that citizens, especially youth and those at risk of exclusion, are best able to benefit from the Internet and have the necessary skills so to do. This article sets out Pat’s leadership of EC-funded Digital Preservation, and examines her legacy in terms of lasting best practices, contributions to standardisation activities etc.

  6. Os excessos da identidade: Bento XVI e a questão da tolerância Excesses of identity: Benedict XVI and the issue of tolerance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Homero Santiago

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Partindo de algumas das polêmicas opiniões de Bento XVI, o artigo busca compreender a base doutrinária delas e discutir os seus efeitos para a questão da tolerância religiosa. Depois de uma apresentação do que entende por tolerância, propõe um percurso através da encíclica Deus caritas est, que embasa a nova doutrina papal numa interpretação particular da noção de "amor de Deus". Por fim, tenta-se mostrar como esse "amor", mediante uma ênfase exagerada da idéia de identidade, torna-se nos documentos papais um instrumento de combate a todas as diferenças, pondo a perder a possibilidade de convivência entre as religiões e, por conseqüência, semeando o fundamentalismo.This article tries to comprehend the doctrinal base of some polemical assessments of Benedict XVI; discussing its effects on the issue of religious tolerance. After presenting what is understood to mean tolerance, it proposes a way through the encyclical letter Deus caritas est; in this letter, the new papal doctrine is founded on a particular interpretation of the notion of "God's love". Lastly, it intends to show how this "love", by an exaggerated emphasis on the idea of identity, becomes an instrument of fight against every difference, spoiling the possibility of a pacific relationship among the religions and, consequently, sowing the seeds of fundamentalism.

  7. obire, 0., nwaubeta, 0., adue, sbn

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Sanni (Editors). Global Impact of Applied. Microbiology (GIAM VI). Academic Press. London. Manson-Bahr,' P. C. and F. I. C. Apted. 1982. Manson 's Tropical Diseases. 18th Edition. English Language Book Society (ELBS),. London. Marshall, T. R. and J. S. Devinny. 1988. The. Microbial Ecosystem in Petroleum Wasteland.

  8. Life prediction for high temperature low cycle fatigue of two kinds of titanium alloys based on exponential function

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mu, G. Y.; Mi, X. Z.; Wang, F.

    2018-01-01

    The high temperature low cycle fatigue tests of TC4 titanium alloy and TC11 titanium alloy are carried out under strain controlled. The relationships between cyclic stress-life and strain-life are analyzed. The high temperature low cycle fatigue life prediction model of two kinds of titanium alloys is established by using Manson-Coffin method. The relationship between failure inverse number and plastic strain range presents nonlinear in the double logarithmic coordinates. Manson-Coffin method assumes that they have linear relation. Therefore, there is bound to be a certain prediction error by using the Manson-Coffin method. In order to solve this problem, a new method based on exponential function is proposed. The results show that the fatigue life of the two kinds of titanium alloys can be predicted accurately and effectively by using these two methods. Prediction accuracy is within ±1.83 times scatter zone. The life prediction capability of new methods based on exponential function proves more effective and accurate than Manson-Coffin method for two kinds of titanium alloys. The new method based on exponential function can give better fatigue life prediction results with the smaller standard deviation and scatter zone than Manson-Coffin method. The life prediction results of two methods for TC4 titanium alloy prove better than TC11 titanium alloy.

  9. School Discipline: Better to Be Loved or Feared?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carey, Michael R.

    1986-01-01

    Asks whether Machiavelli or St. Benedict of Nursia provides the better model for school administration and student discipline. Finds Benedict's teachings, which stress love, prudence, and the avoidance of extremes, better suited to the traditions and spirituality of Catholic education. (DMM)

  10. Sadhana | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Sadhana. ANTONY BENEDICT. Articles written in Sadhana. Volume 42 Issue 6 June 2017 pp 817-826. Deterministic oscillatory search: a new meta-heuristic optimization algorithm · N ARCHANA R VIDHYAPRIYA ANTONY BENEDICT KARTHIK CHANDRAN · More Details Abstract Fulltext PDF. The paper ...

  11. Kaldet - et ophøjet ord for lidenskab

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Malchau, Susanne

    1998-01-01

    Ud fra forfatterens biografi af ordenssøsteren Benedicte Ramsing (1912-1988), Sankt Josephs Sygeplejeskoles fremsynede og visionære forstanderinde fra 1947-1969, er artiklens fokus, kaldstanken som historisk kategori, sat i relation til søster Benedictes omsorgstænkning. Der ses på, hvilke defini...

  12. O Papa precisa do marxismo? Bento XVI e a incompatibilidade entre a fé cristã e a fé marxista (Does Pope need of Marxism? Benedict XVI and the incompatibility between the Christian faith and the Marxist faith

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rudy Albino Assunção

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available O marxismo aparece insistentemente na teologia e no magistério de Joseph Ratzinger-Bento XVI como um inimigo permanente ao qual o cristianismo deve se contrapor, sem possibilidades de conciliação entre ambos. Mas qual concepção subjaz essa rejeição tão peremptória, tão decidida? Para alcançarmos a resposta a tal questão, aprofundamos a visão de Joseph Ratzinger a partir de alguns de seus escritos teológicos (anteriores ao pontificado e, em seguida, nas suas três encíclicas, o ponto alto de seu magistério papal (Deus caritas est, Spe salvi e Caritas in veritate. Defendemos que a crítica de Bento XVI, antes de ser exclusivamente teológica (ou doutrinária, é filosófica, baseada na racionalidade e não na fé professada pela Igreja, que lhe permite tratar o marxismo não simplesmente como um programa político que vai contra alguns valores cristãos, mas como uma escatologia judaico-cristã secularizada, um messianismo político, portanto, como uma religião, como uma fé, que nega e esvazia o núcleo essencial da fé cristã. E aqui está a raiz da sua oposição. Palavras-chave: Marxismo. Bento XVI. Messianismo. Escatologia política.   Abstract: Marxism appears repeatedly in Pope Benedict’s theology and teaching as a permanent enemy that Christianity must oppose without any possibilities of conciliation between them. However, what underlies this decisive rejection? To answer this question we look further into Joseph Ratzinger’s perspective starting with some of his theological writings (before the pontificate followed by three of his encyclicals, the high point of his papal teaching (Deus caritas est, Spe salvi e Caritas in veritate. We argue that Benedict XVI's criticism, prior to being purely theological (or doctrinal, is philosophical, based on rationality and not in the faith professed by the Church, allowing him to treat marxism not simply as a political program that goes against some Christian values

  13. Are the general equations to predict BMR applicable to patients with anorexia nervosa?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marra, M; Polito, A; De Filippo, E; Cuzzolaro, M; Ciarapica, D; Contaldo, F; Scalfi, L

    2002-03-01

    To determine whether the general equations to predict basal metabolic rate (BMR) can be reliably applied to female anorectics. Two hundred and thirty-seven female patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) were divided into an adolescent group [n=43, 13-17 yrs, 39.3+/-5.0 kg, body mass index (BMI) (weight/height) 15.5+/-1.8 kg/m2] and a young-adult group (n=194, 18-40 yrs, 40.5+/-6.1 kg, BMI 15.6+/-1.9 kg/m2). BMR values determined by indirect calorimetry were compared with those predicted according to either the WHO/FAO/UNU or the Harris-Benedict general equations, or using the Schebendach correction formula (proposed for adjusting the Harris-Benedict estimates in anorectics). Measured BMR was 3,658+/-665 kJ/day in the adolescent and 3,907+/-760 kJ/day in the young-adult patients. In the adolescent group, the differences between predicted and measured values were (mean+/-SD) 1,466 529 kJ/day (+44+/-21%) for WHO/FAO/UNU, 1,587+/-552 kJ/day (+47+/-23%) for the Harris-Benedict and -20+/-510 kJ/day for the Schebendach (+1+/-13%), while in the young-adult group the corresponding values were 696+/-570 kJ/day (+24+/-24%), 1,252+/-644 kJ/day (+37+/-27%) and -430+/-640 kJ/day (-9+/-16%). The bias was negatively associated with weight and BMI in both groups when using the WHO/FAO/UNU and Harris-Benedict equations, and with age in the young-adult group for the Harris-Benedict and Schebendach equations. The WHO/FAO/UNU and Harris-Benedict equations greatly overestimate BMR in AN. Accurate estimation is to some extent dependent on individual characteristics such as age, weight or BMI. The Schebendach correction formula accurately predicts BMR in female adolescents, but not in young adult women with AN.

  14. Comparison of different methods to estimate BMR in adoloscent student population.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Patil, Suchitra R; Bharadwaj, Jyoti

    2011-01-01

    There is a growing clinical emphasis for the measurement of BMR and energy expenditure in clinical and research investigation such as obesity, exercise, cancer, under-nutrition, trauma and infections. Hence, there is a motivation towards calculating basal metabolic rate using standard equations. The objective of the present work is to identify an appropriate equation in Indian environment for the estimation of calorie needs and basal metabolic rate using the measured height, weight, age and skin fold parameters of an individual. Basal metabolic rates of adolescent male and female population aged between 17-20 years were estimated using equations proposed by FAO, ICMR, Cunningham, Harris Benedict, Fredrix and Miffin. Calorie needs were calculated using factorial approach which involves the multiplication of basal metabolic rate with appropriate physical activity factor. Basal metabolic rates estimated by FAO, Cunningham, Harris-Benedict, Fredrix and Miffin are reduced by 5%. These reduced basal metabolic rates and calorie needs are compared with that obtained by Cunningham's equation which is considered as accurate equation. Comparison of the basal metabolic rates and calorie needs obtained by Cunningham equation with all equations such as Harris-Benedict, FAO, Fredrix and Miffin after 5% reduction and ICMR equation without reduction indicates that Harris-Benedict, Fredrix, Miffin and FAO equations can be used for male and female adolescent populations for Indian environment. In conclusion, Harris-Benedict equation is an appropriate equation for both male and female adolescent population for Indian environment.

  15. Characterization of uniaxial fatigue behavior of precipitate strengthened Cu-Ni-Si alloy (SICLANIC(TM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    B. Saadouki

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Fatigue tests were conducted on cylindrical bars specimens to understand the fatigue behavior of SICLANIC. Although it displays good resistance in monotonic tension, this material weakens and shows a softening in repeated solicitation. This has been verified through a SEM observation, the Cu-Ni-Si alloy presents transgranular failure by cleavage. The MansonCoffin diagram exhibited the plastic deformation accommodation. The plastic deformation becomes periodic and decreases progressively as the cycle number increases. The approximations of Manson Coffin give fatigue parameters values which are in good agreement with the experience

  16. Resting Energy Expenditure in Anorexia Nervosa: Measured versus Estimated

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marwan El Ghoch

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Introduction. Aim of this study was to compare the resting energy expenditure (REE measured by the Douglas bag method with the REE estimated with the FitMate method, the Harris-Benedict equation, and the Müller et al. equation for individuals with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 in a severe group of underweight patients with anorexia nervosa (AN. Methods. 15 subjects with AN participated in the study. The Douglas bag method and the FitMate method were used to measure REE and the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to assess body composition after one day of refeeding. Results. FitMate method and the Müller et al. equation gave an accurate REE estimation, while the Harris-Benedict equation overestimated the REE when compared with the Douglas bag method. Conclusion. The data support the use of the FitMate method and the Müller et al. equation, but not the Harris-Benedict equation, to estimate REE in AN patients after short-term refeeding.

  17. Plaadid / Margit Tõnson

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Tõnson, Margit, 1978-

    2004-01-01

    Uutest heliplaatidest "Maria Rita", "Between Heaven and Earth", Marilyn Manson "Lest We Forget. The Best Of", Phil Collins "Love Songs", Dizzee Rascal "Showtime", Bruce Hornsby "Halcyon Days", Bill Frisell "Unspeakable"

  18. Comparison of predictive equations for resting energy expenditure among patients with schizophrenia in Japan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sugawara N

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Norio Sugawara,1 Norio Yasui-Furukori,1 Tetsu Tomita,1,2 Hanako Furukori,3 Kazutoshi Kubo,1,4 Taku Nakagami,1,4 Sunao Kaneko1 1Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 2Department of Psychiatry, Hirosaki-Aiseikai Hospital, Hirosaki, 3Department of Psychiatry, Kuroishi-Akebono Hospital, Kuroishi, 4Department of Psychiatry, Odate Municipal General Hospital, Odate, Japan Background: Recently, a relationship between obesity and schizophrenia has been reported. The prediction of resting energy expenditure (REE is important to determine the energy expenditure of patients with schizophrenia. However, there is a lack of research concerning the most accurate REE predictive equations among Asian patients with schizophrenia. The purpose of the study reported here was to compare the validity of four REE equations for patients with schizophrenia taking antipsychotics. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we recruited patients (n=110 who had a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, diagnosis of schizophrenia and were admitted to four psychiatric hospitals. The mean (± standard deviation age of these patients was 45.9±13.2 years. Anthropometric measurements (of height, weight, body mass index were taken at the beginning of the study. REE was measured using indirect calorimetry. Comparisons between the measured and estimated REEs from the four equations (Harris–Benedict, Mifflin–St Jeor, Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University, and Schofield were performed using simple linear regression analysis and Bland–Altman analysis. Results: Significant trends were found between the measured and predicted REEs for all four equations (P<0.001, with the Harris–Benedict equation demonstrating the strongest correlation in both men and women (r=0.617, P<0.001. In all participants, Bland–Altman analysis revealed that the Harris–Benedict and

  19. Pop / Tristan Priimägi

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Priimägi, Tristan, 1976-

    2004-01-01

    Heliplaatidest: Ian Brown "Solarized", Impressed 2 with Gilles Peterson "Rare, Classic & Unique Jazz from Britain 1963-1974", Marilyn Manson "Lest We Forget - The Best Of", Todd Rundgren "Liars", Europe "Start From The Dark"

  20. RPGR-containing protein complexes in syndromic and non ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    2009-12-31

    Dec 31, 2009 ... ated with syndromic disorders, including Joubert syndrome,. Meckel–Gruber .... Foundation Fighting Blindness (FFB), and Midwest Eye Banks and ..... Meindl A., Dry K., Herrmann K., Manson F., Ciccodicola A., Edgar. A. et al.

  1. Infestation of Tunga penetrans in villages near Zomba Central Hospital

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    perform such basic tasks as collecting water or farming. Although the recommended .... Cook, G. Manson's Tropical Diseases 20th Edition,London: Saunders; 1996. 2. Feldmeier et al: ... cases in French Guyana. Bull Soc,Pathol Exot 2003 ...

  2. "Wonders unconceived": reflections on the birth of medical entomology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cirillo, Vincent J

    2011-01-01

    Prior to Patrick Manson's discovery in 1877 that the mosquito Culex fatigans was the intermediate host of filariasis, the association of insects with disease and the nature of disease transmission was almost entirely speculation. Manson's work was incomplete, however, because it showed the manner in which the mosquito acquired the infection from humans, but failed to show the way in which the mosquito passed the infection to humans. That pathogens were transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito was later proven experimentally with bird malaria by Manson's protégé, Ronald Ross. In 1898 Ross demonstrated that the infective stage of the malarial parasite was injected into the host when the mosquito released saliva into the wound prior to injesting blood. Insects were suspected as carriers of disease for centuries, yet it was not until the late 1870s that the uncritical acceptance of folk beliefs was supplanted by research-based scientific medicine. Why did it take so long? The answer lies in the fact that early medicine itself was imprecise and could not have pursued the subject with any hope of useful results until the last quarter of the 19th century. A better understanding of the nature of the disease process (germ theory of disease) and improved technology (microscopes and oil-immersion lenses with greater resolving power, and synthetic tissue stains) were indispensable for revealing the nexus between those partners in crime: insects and parasites.

  3. Colitis ulcerosa idiopática

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel Sánchez Herrera

    1944-07-01

    IV El prof. Manson-Bahr ratifica plenamente el concepto de los autores de que el enfermo Fideligno Suárez murió de una Colitis Ulcerosa Idiopática con claros signos de neumonía lobar posiblemente neumocóccica.

  4. 75 Years of Histoplasmosis Outbreaks in the United States

    Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

    2016-03-24

    Kaitlin Benedict, CDC epidemiologist, discusses Histoplasma capsulatum infection.  Created: 3/24/2016 by National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID).   Date Released: 3/24/2016.

  5. Avaliação nutricional de pacientes com cirrose pelo vírus da hepatite C: a aplicação da calorimetria indireta Nutritional assessment in patients with cirrhosis: the use of indirect calorimetry

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Catarina Bertaso Andreatta Gottschall

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available RACIONAL: A desnutrição é freqüente em cirróticos, mas sua avaliação é difícil. A predição do gasto energético basal pela equação de Harris-Benedict não está validada neste grupo. A alternativa seria mensurá-la através da calorimetria indireta. OBJETIVOS: Realizar avaliação nutricional em cirróticos, aferir o gasto energético basal pela calorimetria indireta e compará-lo ao estimado pela equação de Harris-Benedict. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Estudaram-se 34 adultos com cirrose pelo vírus da hepatite C, em acompanhamento ambulatorial, classificados de acordo com Child-Pugh e escore "model of end-stage liver disease". O gasto energético basal foi estimado pela equação de Harris-Benedict e medido pela calorimetria indireta. Avaliação nutricional foi realizada por antropometria, avaliação nutricional subjetiva global, dinamometria e inquérito recordatório. RESULTADOS: Em relação à classificação de Child-Pugh, 15 (44,2% eram A, 12 (35,3% B e 7 (20,6% C e 33 (97,1% apresentaram valores inferiores a 20 no escore "model of end-stage liver disease". O gasto energético basal estimado foi maior do que o medido (Harris-Benedict 1404,5 ± 150,3 kcal; calorimetria indireta 1059,9 ± 309,6 kcal. A prevalência de desnutrição variou entre os métodos (índice de massa corpórea, circunferência muscular do braço, avaliação nutricional subjetiva global, prega cutânea do tríceps e dinamometria: 0%; 5,9%; 17,6%; 35,3% e 79,4%, respectivamente. A ingestão calórica e protéica foi de 80% e 85% do recomendado, com inadequação na ingestão de cálcio, magnésio, ferro e zinco. CONCLUSÕES: A desnutrição foi freqüente. A dinamometria parece ser o melhor método para o diagnóstico. A ingestão foi inadequada. Considerando que o gasto energético basal estimado foi superior ao medido e a necessidade de maior aporte calórico, a utilização da equação de predição talvez possa substituir a calorimetria indireta

  6. Approximation of Resting Energy Expenditure in Intensive Care Unit Patients Using the SenseWear Bracelet: A Comparison With Indirect Calorimetry.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sundström, Martin; Mehrabi, Mahboubeh; Tjäder, Inga; Rooyackers, Olav; Hammarqvist, Folke

    2017-08-01

    Indirect calorimetry (IC) is the gold standard for determining energy expenditure in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Metabolic armbands using data derived from dermal measurements have been proposed as an alternative to IC in healthy subjects, but their utility during critical illness is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the level of agreement between the SenseWear armband and the Deltatrac Metabolic Monitor in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Adult ICU patients requiring invasive ventilator therapy were eligible for inclusion. Simultaneous measurements were performed with the SenseWear Armband and Deltatrac under stable conditions. Resting energy expenditure (REE) values were registered for both instruments and compared with Bland-Altman plots. Forty-two measurements were performed in 30 patients. The SenseWear Armband measured significantly higher REE values as compared with IC (mean bias, 85 kcal/24 h; P = .027). Less variability was noted between individual SenseWear measurements and REE as predicted by the Harris-Benedict equation (2 SD, ±327 kcal/24 h) than when IC was compared with SenseWear and Harris-Benedict (2 SD, ±473 and ±543 kcal/24 h, respectively). The systematic bias and large variability of the SenseWear armband when compared with gas exchange measurements confer limited benefits over the Harris Benedict equation in determining caloric requirements of ICU patients.

  7. AUTHOR INDEX

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Unknown

    33. Ayyappan P. Hydrothermal synthesis of a new ethylenedi- ... Synthesis of gold nanoparticles stabilised by metal-chelator and the ... Ita Benedict. Magnetic properties of lanthanum ortho- .... dodecyl sulphate (SDS) complex. 299. Priyakumar ...

  8. Genetics Home Reference: pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... N, Petrova-Benedict R, Federico A, Fois A, Cole DE, Robertson E, Robinson BH. Mutations in the ... medicine? What is newborn screening? New Pages Lyme disease Fibromyalgia White-Sutton syndrome All New & Updated Pages ...

  9. Journal of Biomedical Investigation: Submissions

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    There should be one file for the text of the paper (which includes tables, set using ... the name(s) of the author(s); the top of the illustration should also be indicated. ... Ward LC Dahike A Manson S Effects of exercise and dietary fat upon body ...

  10. Is operations research really research? | Manson | ORiON

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    This paper takes a philosophical look at the Research in Operations Research. First, the questions "What is Research?" and "What is Operations Research?" are discussed. Next, the paper discusses why it is important to have a clear definition of research, especially in academia. The paper then discusses a research ...

  11. Is operations research really research? | Manson | ORiON

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Journal Home > Vol 22, No 2 (2006) >. Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads. Username, Password, Remember me, or Register · Download this PDF file. The PDF file you selected should load here if your Web browser has a PDF reader plug-in installed (for example, a recent version of Adobe Acrobat ...

  12. Remembering Benedict Anderson through his Under Three Flags

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ivarsson, Søren

    2016-01-01

    This is a revised version of a public lecture delivered at Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Mai University, on 10th February 2016. Drawing on a broad section of Anderson’s texts, I seek to qualify his analysis of the rise of anticolonial nationalism. Hereby I will not only be challenging the critique...

  13. Reactive Power Impact on Lifetime Prediction of Two-level Wind Power Converter

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Zhou, Dao; Blaabjerg, Frede; Lau, M.

    2013-01-01

    The influence of reactive power injection on the dominating two-level wind power converter is investigated and compared in terms of power loss and thermal behavior. Then the lifetime of both the partial-scale and full-scale power converter is estimated based on the widely used Coffin-Manson model...

  14. Letter to the Editor: Chikungunya Virus Infection—An Update on Chronic Rheumatism in Latin America

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available To the Editor, The article of Krutikov and Manson1 was interesting. However, no comment was made on the impact and related clinical epidemiology of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV infection during the 2014–2015 epidemics in Latin America, the most recent area affected by CHIKV. ...

  15. Synergistic Man: Outcome Model for Counselors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rousseve, Ronald J.

    1973-01-01

    Drawing on the insights of Ruth Benedict and Abraham Maslow in their search for an ethical gauge by which to rate personal-social health, this article proposes synergistic man'' as the desired outcome model for counselors. (Author)

  16. 06 Dederen WEB 02.pmd

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Owner

    Scheub's literary theory is patterned on the ruling social paradigm of his time, ... as being controlled by class, seniority, physical power and the patriarchy (Kruger .... Remarkably, Ruth Benedict's study of Zuni mythology also identifies “the ...

  17. Long-term Creep Life Prediction for Type 316LN Stainless Steel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Woo Gon; Ryu, Woo Seog; Kim, Sung Ho; Lee, Chan Bok

    2007-01-01

    Since Sodium Fast Cooled Reactor (SFR) components are designed to be use for more than 30 years at a high temperature of 550 .deg. C, one of the most important properties of these components is the long term creep behavior. To accurately predict the long-term creep life of the components, it is essential to achieve reliable long-term test data beyond their design life. But, it is difficult to actually obtain long duration data because it is time-consuming work. So far, a variety of time-temperature parameters (TTPs) have been developed to predict a long-term creep life from shorter-time tests at higher temperatures. Among them, the Larson-Miller, the Orr-Sherby-Dorn, the Manson-Harferd and the Manson-Succop parameters have been typically used. None of these parameters has an overwhelming preference, and they have certain inherent restrictions imposed on their data in the application of the TTPs parameters. Meanwhile, it has been reported that the Minimum Commitment Method (MCM) proposed by Manson and Ensign has a greater flexibility for a creep rupture analysis. Thus, the MCM will be useful as another approach. Until now, the applicability of the MCM has not been investigated for type 316LN SS because of insufficient creep data. In this paper, the MCM was applied to predict a long-term creep life of type 316LN stainless steel (SS). Lots of creep rupture data was collected through literature surveys and the experimental data of KAERI. Using the short-term experimental data for under 2,000 hours, a longer-time rupture above 105 hours was predicted by the MCM at temperatures from 550 .deg. C to 800 .deg. C

  18. Employee assistance program treats personal problems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bednarek, R J; Featherston, H J

    1984-03-01

    Though the concept of employee assistance programs (EAPs) is widely accepted throughout business and industry, few hospitals have established similar channels for dealing with workers whose personal problems cause work-related problems. Among the reasons for the health care profession's lack of involvement in this area are: lack of information about costs and benefits of EAPs; the hospital's multidisciplinary environment in which standards of employee competence and behavior are set by persons from many disciplines; hospital working hours; and health care workers' attitudes about their vulnerability to illness. St. Benedict's Hospital, Ogden, UT, however, has confronted the question of how to demonstrate Christian concern for its employees. St. Benedict's EAP, the Helping Hand, which was created in 1979, combines progressive disciplinary action with the opportunity for early intervention in and treatment of employees' personal problems. When a worker with personal problems is referred to the EAP coordinator, he or she is matched with the appropriate community or hospital resource for treatment. Supervisors are trained to identify employee problems and to focus on employee job performance rather than on attempting to diagnose the problem. St. Benedict's records during the program's first three years illustrate the human benefits as well as the cost savings of an EAP. Of 92 hospital employees who took part in the EAP, 72 improved their situations or resolved their problems. The hospital's turnover rates declined from 36 percent to 20 percent, and approximately $40,800 in turnover and replacement costs were saved.

  19. Contesting history and identity formation in Paul and in South Africa

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    2015-09-11

    Sep 11, 2015 ... are false, but more in the sense of Benedict Anderson (1983:7), ... In social memory studies, Maurice Halbwachs (1980:12), a student of Emile Durkheim, notes ..... identity, Mr Geldenhuis is able to accentuate his emotional.

  20. Resurrecting Democracies : Secularity Recast in Charles Taylor, Paul Valadier, and Joseph Ratzinger

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Ossewaarde-Lowtoo, Roshnee

    In this article, the alternative conception of secularity of Charles Taylor, Paul Valadier and Joseph Ratzinger (former Benedict XVI) is explored. A secularized society, which they take as an established condition, does not necessarily exclude religion, Christianity or Christian transcendence, in

  1. Ruth Benedictová v Československu (léto 1948)

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Kubáčková, Patricie

    2015-01-01

    Roč. 102, č. 3 (2015), s. 257-279 ISSN 0009-0794 Institutional support: RVO:68378092 Keywords : Ruth Benedict * UNESCO seminary in Poděbrady in 1948 * method of the research of national character at a distance Subject RIV: AI - Linguistics

  2. Dynamic Modeling of Natural Convection Solar Energy Collector

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    NIJOTECH

    ovens, and low temperature and industrial process heat generation systems. ..... Benedict, R.P. fundamental of Temperature. ... Sato, M. Electrochemical Measurements and Control of Oxygen fugacity and other ... Wilson, R.E., Temperature, in Condine, M. and Ross, S. D., (Eds.), Handbook of Applied Instrumentation.

  3. Sadhana | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Sadhana. KARTHIK CHANDRAN. Articles written in Sadhana. Volume 42 Issue 6 June 2017 pp 817-826. Deterministic oscillatory search: a new meta-heuristic optimization algorithm · N ARCHANA R VIDHYAPRIYA ANTONY BENEDICT KARTHIK CHANDRAN · More Details Abstract Fulltext PDF.

  4. Biology Notes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    School Science Review, 1982

    1982-01-01

    Describes laboratory procedures, demonstrations, and classroom materials, including "diet poker" (nutrition game); an experiment on enzyme characteristics; demonstrations of yeast anaerobic respiration and color preference in Calliphora larvae; method to extract eugenol from clove oil to show antibiotic properties; and Benedict's test.…

  5. The solar collector of Horace-Benedict de Saussure. Le capteur solaire de Horace-Benedict de Saussure; Genese d'une science empirique

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sigrist, R.

    1993-01-01

    The solar collector was invented 200 years before the first oil crisis: in 1774, the geologist and physicist H.B. de Saussure from Geneva built his ''Heliothermometer'' which is amazingly similar to today's solar collectors. With this, he laid the foundation for farming solar energy. 53 figs., 5 tabs., refs.

  6. Pop nädal : popuudised. Värsket filmimuusikat. MTV Euroopa TOP 20 8. aprill 2002 edetabel / Aivar Meos

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Meos, Aivar

    2002-01-01

    Pet Shop Boysi uuest singlist "Home and Dry" albumilt "Release". 3. aprillil suri elektroonilise muusika pioneer Frank Tovey aka Fad Gadget. Industriali lipulaev KMFDM on tühistanud oma peatselt algama pidanud Euroopa turnee. Alison Moyet' uuest albumist "Hometime". Shockrockar Marilyn Manson osaleb filmis Party Monster.Filmimuusika heliplaatidest "Treeningpäev/ Training Day" ja "Long Time Dead"

  7. 14. IX avati VI Tallinna arhitektuuritriennaali raames tarbekunsti- ja disainimuuseumi trepikojas...

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2005-01-01

    Londoni Architectural Association School of Architecture üliõpilaste tööde näitus. Juhendajad: Miraj Ahmed, Theo Lorenz, Saskia Lewis, Benedict O'Looney. Väljapanek on Victoria ja Alberti muuseumi, Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) ja Eesti Kunstiakadeemia arhitektuuriteaduskonna koostöö

  8. ESIABA IROBI'S HANGMEN ALSO DIE IN THE HUB *Benedict

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    visual properties of light, costume, scenic background and sometimes with ... dominance and exploitation that contribute to the operation of reconstructing ..... proclaim that Nigeria's problem is not money but what to do with money further push.

  9. Invocations, Benedictions, and Freedom of Speech in Public Schools.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Harris, Phillip H.

    1991-01-01

    The Supreme Court, in an upcoming case "Lee v. Weisman," will rule on whether prayer may be offered out loud at a public school graduation program. Argues that past court decisions have interpreted the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment over the Free Speech Clause of that same amendment. (57 references) (MLF)

  10. Possible objections to a philosophical approach to ancient Israelite ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    2011-06-24

    Jun 24, 2011 ... the later Martin Luther's dismissal of Aristotelian metaphysics and logic. • Benedict de Spinoza's denial ... the insights from the philosophy of science, philosophy of literature, social philosophy and postmodern theory to .... The study of Hebrew Bible ethics has sometimes suffered from an unwillingness on ...

  11. Philosophy and Morality.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ediger, Marlow

    Philosophical thinking which has stood the test of time is summarized in this document. The rationale is that all students benefit from studies of philosophical thinking emphasizing moral standards. Thinkers included are: Plato, Aristotle, Peter Abelard, Francis Bacon, Sir Thomas More, Thomas Campanella, Thomas Hobbes, Benedict Spinoza, John…

  12. The Future Is Unwritten. Joe Strummer. White label : Fuck yuo I am a robot. Kuula / DJ Pickney Tiger

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    DJ Pickney Tiger, pseud., 1970-

    2007-01-01

    Heliplaatidest: "The Future Is Unwritten. Joe Strummer", The Nightwatchman "One Man Revolution", Def Räädu & J.O.C. "Succiety2", The Joshi Butler Trio "Grand National", "Biitparaadid 2", The Police "The Police", Laurie Anderson "Big Science", Dreamtheater "Systematic chaos", Ghosts "The World is Outside", Tokio Hotel "Scream", Bon Jovi "Lost Highway", Megadeth "United Abominations", Marilyn Manson "Eat Me, Drink Me"

  13. The Influence of Horticultural Activities on Preschool-Aged Children's Peer Interaction and Task Engagement in an Inclusive Setting

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wiedeman-Rouse, Teri

    2012-01-01

    There is great concern by teachers, school administrators and parents regarding the increase in the number of preschool-aged students who exhibit challenging behavior in early childhood settings (Benedict, Horner & Squires 2007), need for early intervention procedures that focus on young children who may be at risk for developing patterns of…

  14. Color in the Classroom: How American Schools Taught Race, 1900-1954

    Science.gov (United States)

    Burkholder, Zoe

    2011-01-01

    Between the turn of the twentieth century and the "Brown v. Board of Education" decision in 1954, the way that American schools taught about "race" changed dramatically. This transformation was engineered by the nation's most prominent anthropologists, including Franz Boas, Ruth Benedict, and Margaret Mead, during World War II.…

  15. Constitution 200: A Bicentennial Collection of Essays.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hepburn, Mary A., Ed.; And Others

    Constitutional essays which formed the basis of public assemblies throughout three states are compiled in this book. The first three essays consider the U.S. government principles of federalism, judicial review, and the separation of powers. Michael L. Benedict proposes that the question of ultimate sovereignty has been answered differently by…

  16. Stress and Depression among Older Residents in Religious Monasteries: Do Friends and God Matter?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bishop, Bishop J.

    2008-01-01

    The purpose of this investigation was to explore how friendship and attachment to God provide protective benefits against stress and depression. Participants included 235 men and women, age 64 and older, residing in religious monasteries affiliated with the Order of St. Benedict. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were completed to assess…

  17. Activities in an S-STEM Program to Catalyze Early Entry into Research

    Science.gov (United States)

    Graham, Kate J.; McIntee, Edward J.; Raigoza, Annette F.; Fazal, M. Abul; Jakubowski, Henry V.

    2017-01-01

    A cohort program to increase retention of under-represented groups in chemistry was developed at the College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University. In particular, this program chose to emphasize early career mentoring and early access to research. This goal was chosen because research has been repeatedly shown to increase scientific identity…

  18. Empiriese perspektief op kerkwees

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Test

    Backus, I. & Benedict, P., 2011, Calvin and his influence, 1509–2009, Oxford University ... Barth, K., 1995, The theology of John Calvin, transl. ... Brunner, E., 1960, Die christliche Lehre von der Kirche, vom Glauben und von der ..... the dominant religious force in the Western world in a few centuries, Harper Collins, San.

  19. 75 FR 13909 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Findings for Petitions to List the...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-03-23

    .... 19). Benedict et al. (2003, p. 309) found no genetic data supporting a subspecies designation. To...-McCance et al. (2005). They examined the genetic data bearing on the delineation of the western and... genetic data (Oyler-McCance and Quinn in press, p. 4). The best available genetic information thus does...

  20. Can we rely on predicted basal metabolic rate in chronic pancreatitis outpatients?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Olesen, Søren Schou; Holst, Mette; Køhler, Marianne; Drewes, Asbjørn Mohr; Rasmussen, Henrik Højgaard

    2015-04-01

    Malnutrition is a common complication to chronic pancreatitis (CP) and many patients need nutritional support. An accurate estimation of the basal metabolic rate (BMR) is essential when appropriate nutritional support is to be initiated, but in the clinical settings BMR is cumbersome to measure. We therefore investigated whether BMR can be reliable predicted from a standard formula (the Harris-Benedict equation) in CP outpatients. Twenty-eight patients with clinical stable CP and no current alcohol abuse were enrolled. Patients were stratified according to nutritional risk using the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 system. Body composition was estimated using bioelectrical impedance. BMR was measured using indirect calorimetry and predicted using the Harris-Benedict equation based on anthropometric data. The average predicted BMR was 1371 ± 216 kcal/day compared to an average measured BMR of 1399 ± 231 kcal/day (P = 0.4). The corresponding limits of agreement were -347 to 290 kcal/day. Twenty-two patients (79%) had a measured BMR between 85 and 115% of the predicted BMR. When analysing patients stratified according to nutritional risk profiles, no differences between predicted and measured BMR were evident for any of the risk profile subgroups (all P > 0.2). The BMR was correlated to fat free mass determined by bioelectrical impedance (rho = 0.55; P = 0.003), while no effect modification was seen from nutritional risk stratification in a linear regression analysis (P = 0.4). The Harris-Benedict equation reliable predicts the measured BMR in four out of five clinical stable CP outpatients with no current alcohol abuse. Copyright © 2015 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. The Catholic School as a "Courtyard of the Gentiles"

    Science.gov (United States)

    Franchi, Leonardo

    2014-01-01

    The setting up of the Courtyard of the Gentiles by Pope Benedict XVI has provided the Catholic Church with an official forum for dialogue with atheists. The intellectual energy surrounding this initiative can be harnessed to focus on how the contemporary Catholic school addressed its responsibilities to the Catholic community while offering a good…

  2. Energy costs of surgery as measured by the doubly labeled water (2H218O) method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Novick, W.M.; Nusbaum, M.; Stein, T.P.

    1988-01-01

    Energy expenditure before and after surgery was determined in seven patients by the doubly labeled water ( 2 H 2 18 O) method (DLW). The values were compared with values obtained by respiratory gas exchange by means of a metabolic measuring cart (MMC). Patients were maintained on total parenteral nutrition before and after trauma. The principal finding was an increase in the rate of CO 2 production of 11.9 +/- 5.0% after surgery. This corresponds to a 267 +/- increase in energy expenditure (p less than 0.05). No trauma-associated change in energy expenditure was found with the MMC. The correlation of preoperative values from MMC and DLW was not statistically significant (r = 0.25), nor was the correlation of MMC and the Harris-Benedict equation, but the correlation of DLW with Harris-Benedict equation was statistically significant (r = 0.73, p less than 0.05). We suggest that the discrepancy is because the DLW method measures the cumulative energy expenditure over a period, whereas the MMC gives a spot measurement

  3. Imagined Religious Communities and the “Culture of Bible-Readers”: Hinduism’s Challenge to European Religious Studies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Helton Christopher Jason

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper will discuss the challenges posed by modern conceptions of Hinduism - in particular Heinrich von Stietencron’s conception of a “collection of religions” and Romila Thapar’s application of Benedict Anderson’s theory of “imagined communities” to Hinduism-to the European style of religious studies, particularly at the undergraduate level.

  4. Voorwoord

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Test

    Backus, I. & Benedict, P., 2011, Calvin and his influence, 1509–2009, Oxford ... Barth, K., 1995, The theology of John Calvin, transl. ... Brunner, E., 1960, Die christliche Lehre von der Kirche, vom Glauben und von der ..... Testament in the Olivétan Bible of 1535', Koers 66(1/2) 1–22. http://dx.doi. .... Harper Collins, New York.

  5. Microvascular Autonomic Composites

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-01-06

    20. Kirby E, Rule JD, Michaud VJ, Sottos NR, White SR, Manson JAE. Embedded shape memory alloy wires to enhance performance of self-healing polymers...NR, White SR. Performance of self-healing epoxy with microencapsulated healing agent and shape memory alloy wires. Polymer, 50: 5533-5538 (2009). 24...the resulting thermoset polymer are important to the degree of healing observed. 0,207 0.309 0.324 0.35S 0.401

  6. The Installation Restoration Program Toxicology Guide. Volume 1

    Science.gov (United States)

    1989-07-01

    injury, if present, is characterized by lower back pain, painful and decreased urination, edema and weight gain (17). Parkinsonism as a consequence of...As cited in 687) 692. Melamed, E.; Lavy, S. 1977. Parkinsonism associated with chronic inhalation of carbon tetrachloride. Lancet 1:1015. 693. Simler...Partyka, E.K. 1981. Chronic dysphagia and trigeminal anesthesia after trichloroethylene exposure. Ann. Int. Med. 95:710. 110. Manson, J.M.; Murphy

  7. Copper and ceruloplasmin contents in the blood serum of peripheral and pre-hepatic veins

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    H. M. Canelas

    1976-03-01

    Full Text Available Copper and ceruloplasmin contents were determined in samples of peripheral and pre-hepatic venous blood of 11 patients with Manson's schistosomiasis and one patient with hepatolenticular degeneration, all of çhich submitted either to porto-caval or spleno-renal shunt. Individual difference were not significant in any of the non-Wilsonian patients. The results are discussed in regard to the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of Wilson's disease.

  8. From Malediction to Benediction: Acceptance of Self and Healing of ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    ... drive many of the educated and business elite to flee the islands and migrate to Europe and America. Derek Walcott, a mulatto and foremost poet of the Caribbeans, has all the reasons to follow the migration trend, but decided to stay back to find a solution to his tensions of hybrids, and formulate a theory of history which ...

  9. reflection on the theology of joseph ratzinger (pope benedict xvi)

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    the Faith which issued, in 1985, a Notification on his book, Church, Charism and Power (1981), signed by Joseph ... Ratzinger's doctoral studies in the ecclesiology of Augustine and ...... Harvard Divinity Bulletin (autumn):56-62. Gutierrez, G.

  10. Drama and Prophecy: The J. P. Clark Paradigm | Benedict | UJAH ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The utilitarian aesthetic of drama cannot be disputed particularly in Africa as it has since held sway and decked itself out from the genesis of the literary drama of the continent. This is because most African dramatists across the boundaries of critical currents have used drama to treat one social issue or the other.

  11. The posthumous condition of gossip: Death and its reputational benediction

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mihai Stelian Rusu

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available Gossiping is ubiquitous in social life. In every imaginable corner of society, people from all walks of life are gossiping their living acquaintances. But what happens when the “third party,” i.e., the subject of gossip, is absent par excellence, not only temporarily and spatially, but definitively? Do people continue to gossip their dead acquaintances? What is the fate of gossip after its target dies? These are the questions this paper sets out to address. In doing so, it develops a non-reductionist sequential model of death as a social process in which biological death is only the starting point of the bio-social phenomenon of dying. Building on some classic anthropological theories and concepts taken from Arnold van Gennep and Victor Turner, the paper examines the post-mortem status of gossip in terms of the unfolding sequence of the funeral ritual in a particular Romanian cultural context. It argues that during the liminal phase covering the deathwatch and the burial, a transient “gossipless communitas” emerges around the dead one governed by the taboo against gossiping. If the dead is afterward spared from post-mortem gossip, this is due mainly to the impracticality of gossip. The paper ends by arguing that death, despite the emotional distress caused to the surviving family, brings about a reputational bless for the deceased. It does so since, under the normative jurisdiction of the saying “De mortuis nihil nisi bonum” (Of the dead, nothing unless good, the memory of the deceased is being posthumously dignified.

  12. Creep-rupture correlations for type 304 stainless steel heat 9T2796

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Swindeman, R.W.

    1975-01-01

    Creep-rupture data are presented for a reference heat of type 304 stainless steel tested at temperatures between 482 and 816 0 C (900-1500 0 F) and for times to 10,000 hr. The ability of several popular time-temperature parameters to correlate the rupture data is examined, and it shows that the Orr-Sherby-Dorn parameter provides a slightly better fit to the data than the Larson-Miller, Manson-Haferd, and Manson-Succop parameters. An alternative model is developed, based on the Barrett-Ardell-Sherby parameter, which makes use of modulus-compensated true stresses. These stresses are approximated on the basis of the strain about halfway through the test. Although the parameter does not fit the data quite as well as the Orr-Sherby-Dorn parameter, the activation energy associated with the parameter approaches the value expected for solute element diffusion in stainless steel. In the very high-stress region the master curve generated by the parameter is used to examine the interface between the results of tensile tests, described in terms of the Voce equation, and the creep-rupture tests. The tensile data can be correlated with the Barrett-Ardel-Sherby parameter when the tensile testing conditions are such that rupture is initiated by grain boundary failures

  13. Isothermal and thermal–mechanical fatigue of VVER-440 reactor pressure vessel steels

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fekete, Balazs, E-mail: fekete.mm.bme@gmail.com [College of Dunaujvaros, Tancsics 1A, Dunaujvaros H-2400 (Hungary); Department of Applied Mechanics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem 5, Budapest H-1111 (Hungary); Trampus, Peter [College of Dunaujvaros, Tancsics 1A, Dunaujvaros H-2400 (Hungary)

    2015-09-15

    Highlights: • We aimed to determine the thermomechanical behaviour of VVER reactor steels. • Material tests were developed and performed on GLEEBLE 3800 physical simulator. • Coffin–Manson curves and parameters were derived. • High accuracy of the strain energy based evaluation was found. • The observed dislocation evolution correlates with the mechanical behaviour. - Abstract: The fatigue life of the structural materials 15Ch2MFA (CrMoV-alloyed ferritic steel) and 08Ch18N10T (CrNi-alloyed austenitic steel) of VVER-440 reactor pressure vessel under completely reserved total strain controlled low cycle fatigue tests were investigated. An advanced test facility was developed for GLEEBLE-3800 physical simulator which was able to perform thermomechanical fatigue experiments under in-service conditions of VVER nuclear reactors. The low cycle fatigue results were evaluated with the plastic strain based Coffin–Manson law, and plastic strain energy based model as well. It was shown that both methods are able to predict the fatigue life of reactor pressure vessel steels accurately. Interrupted fatigue tests were also carried out to investigate the kinetic of the fatigue evolution of the materials. On these samples microstructural evaluation by TEM was performed. The investigated low cycle fatigue behavior can provide reference for remaining life assessment and lifetime extension analysis.

  14. The Modern Catholic Just War Tradition

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-04-15

    offered a positive solution to the problems facing humanity. In fact in an address to the Vatican Diplomatic Corps, January 13, 2003, Pope John Paul II ...cii Pope John Paul II . “Address of His Holiness Pope John Paul II to the Diplomatice Corps.” Speech to the Vatican Diplomatic Corps Libreria...28 POPE JOHN PAUL II AND PAOP BENEDICT XVI

  15. K problematice církevněslovanského překladu Benediktovy Řehole

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Spurná, Kateřina

    2010-01-01

    Roč. 10, 2-3 (2010), s. 122-126 ISSN 1802-825X. [Škola, jazyk a literatura 2010. Ústí nad Labem, 27.10.2010] R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA900920901 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z90920516 Keywords : paleoslavistics * Croatian Glagolitic texts * translation method of Latin ablative absolute * Rule of Saint Benedict Subject RIV: AI - Linguistics

  16. Influence Voltage Pulse Electrical Discharge In The Water at the Endurance Fatigue Of Carbon Steel

    OpenAIRE

    I.A. Vakulenko; A.G. Lisnyak

    2016-01-01

    Effect of pulses of electrical discharge in the water at the magnitude of the limited endurance under cyclic loading thermally hardened carbon steel was investigated. Observed increase stamina during cyclic loading a corresponding increase in the number of accumulated dislocations on the fracture surface. Using the equation of Cofino-Manson has revealed a decrease of strain loading cycle after treatment discharges. For field-cycle fatigue as a result of processing the voltage pulses carbon st...

  17. Individual Differences in Diabetes Risk: Role of Sleep Disturbances

    Science.gov (United States)

    2008-08-01

    daily metabolic and hormonal processes and appetite regulation. It is clear that chronic sleep deprivation has deleterious effects on carbohydrate...163−78. 15. Ayas NT, White DP, Al-Delaimy WK, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Speizer FE, et al. A prospective study of self-reported sleep duration and...Normative sleep data, cognitive function and daily living activities in older adults in the community. Sleep 2005 Aug 1;28(8):981−9. 33. Singh M

  18. The Path to Terrorist Violence: A Threat Assessment Model for Radical Groups at Risk of Escalation to Acts of Terrorism

    Science.gov (United States)

    2005-09-01

    Weathermen was the applause they gave to the murder of movie actress Sharon Tate and her friends by Charles Manson and his “family”…the Weathermen... vs . wrong. Typical statements include “We must always be on the side of good and fight evil.” Truthfulness, truth-speaking and truth-acting; not...identified thirty-four variables in four major categories: (1) Historical, Cultural and Contextual Variables; (2) Key Actors 54 Affecting the

  19. Uus plaat

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2004-01-01

    Uutest plaatidest Marillion "Marbles", "The Prodigy", Massive Attack "Danny The Dog", Metallica "Some Kind Of Monster", Rammstein "Reise, Reise", Ahlee Simpson "Autobiography", Robbie Williams "Greatest Hits", Freestyles "Rawas F**K", "Michael Moore: Fahrenheit 9/11", Marilyn Manson "Lest We Forget", Gregorian "the Dark Side", Kool & The Kang "The Hits", Dream Theater "Live At Budokan", Feist "Let It Die", Compay Segundo, depeche Mode "Remixes", Bryan Adams "Room Service", mark Knopfler "Shangri La", Alfie "Soundtrack", Brian Wilson "Smile"

  20. Tellisepreemia 2004 / Pille Nagel

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Nagel, Pille

    2004-01-01

    27. V 2004 premeeriti Viinis Euroopa parimate tellishoonete loojaid ja esitleti raamatut "Brick'04". Eestist valiti raamatusse Emil Urbeli kavandatud villa Tallinnas Pirita teel. Võistluse initsiaator tellisetootja Wienerberger AG. I preemia - jalakäijate tunnel Praha kindluse juures (arhitekt Josef Pleskot), II - Humboldti Ülikooli tehniline ehitis (Benedict Tonon), III - korterelamu Veneetsias (Cino Zucchi), üks eripreemiatest - eramu Šveitsis Aargaus (Peter ja Christian Frei). 3 ill

  1. A new formulation of mean stress effects in fatigue

    Science.gov (United States)

    Manson, S. S.; Heidmann, K. R.

    1987-01-01

    A common method of treating the mean stress effect on fatigue life is to displace the elastic line on a Manson-Coffin-Basquin diagram while retaining the position of the plastic line. Manson and Halford pointed out that this procedure implies that mean stress significantly affects the cyclic stress-strain curve. Actually, however, they showed experimentally and by more general reasoning, that mean stress has little, if any, effect on the cyclic stress-strain curve. Thus, they concluded that it is necessary to displace the plastic line as well as the elastic line in order to keep the cyclic stress-strain curve unaltered. Another way to express the common displacement of the two lines is to keep the lines in place and change the horizontal coordinate to include a term relating to the displacement. Thus, instead of life, 2N sub f, as the horizontal coordinate, a new coordinate can become 2N sub f (1-sigma sub m/sigma sub f) superscript 1/b, thereby displacing both the elastic and plastic lines by an amount (1-sigma sub m/sigma sub f) superscript 1/b where sigma sub m is the mean stress and sigma sub f is the intercept of the elastic line at N sub f = 1/2 cycles and b is the slope of the elastic line.

  2. フェライト型球状黒鉛鋳鉄の低サイクル疲労寿命に及ぼす黒鉛粒数の影響

    OpenAIRE

    原田, 昭治; 秋庭, 義明; 植田, 隆浩; 矢野, 満

    1994-01-01

    This paper deals with the effect of nodule count on the low-cycle fatigue life of ferritic ductile cast iron. Stress amplitude-controlled fatigue tests are conducted on ferritic ductile cast iron with different nodule count, i. e. high nodule count (HNC), and low nodule count (LNC) with same chemical composition and heat treatment. The difference of nodule count yields difference of fatigue mechanism in HNC and LNC. The fatigue life of both materials satisfies the Manson-Coffin relationship a...

  3. Pop nädal : Popuudised. Edetabel The Billboard 200 Top 20. Plaadiarvustus : The Jesus and Mary Chain - 21 Singles / Aivar Meos

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Meos, Aivar

    2002-01-01

    8. okt. saabub müügile ansambli Jurassic 5 uus album "Power In Numbers", millel laulab ka Nelly Furtado. Šokk-rokkar Marilyn Manson avaldab peatselt uue kontsert-video/DVD "Guns, God and Government". Intellektuaalset industriaalmuusikat viljelev ansambel Einstürzende Neubauten annab oma Interneti aadressi: http://www.neubauten.org., teatades, et 23. sünnipäeva tähistamiseks peaks 2003. aasta kevadeks valmima bändil uus album. Christina Aguilera uuest singlist "Let's Get Dirty". Ansamblist The Jesus and Mary Chain

  4. Hope and the uncertain future

    OpenAIRE

    PIETARINEN JUHANI

    2014-01-01

    Benedict Spinoza defined hope as an inconstant joy inconstant, because hope involves uncertainty and doubt. Hope means optimism mixed with pessimistic feelings. For Spinoza, hope amounts to an increase in our inherent active power, in our vitality or love of life, but because of being associated with fear, hope also involves something which is apt to reduce this power. Our beliefs concerning future outcomes are crucial here. They form the ultimate basis of our hope.

  5. Necessidades nutricionais do doente crítico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nuno André de Almeida Costa

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: As unidades de terapia intensiva recorrem às equações preditivas, para determinar o gasto energético, ou às recomendações estabelecidas por sociedades internacionais, devido à inacessibilidade da calorimetria indireta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o gasto energético de pacientes críticos, por calorimetria indireta, aos calculados por meio da equação de Harris-Benedict. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo observacional realizado no Serviço de Cuidados Intensivos 1 do Centro Hospitalar do Porto. Foram avaliadas as necessidades energéticas, desde janeiro de 2003 até abril de 2012, dos pacientes críticos internados em que foi realizada calorimetria indireta. Procedeu-se ao cálculo da precisão (intervalo de ±10% entre os valores medidos e estimados, da diferença média e dos limites de concordância da equação estudada. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 85 pacientes, em que se efetuaram 288 medições por calorimetria indireta. Valores obtidos para necessidades energéticas em diferentes métodos: calorimetria indireta 1.753,98±391,13 kcal ao dia (24,48±5,95 kcal/kg ao dia, equação de Harris-Benedict 1.504,11±266,99 kcal ao dia (20,72±2,43 kcal/kg ao dia. A precisão da equação foi de 31,76%, a diferença média de -259,86 kcal ao dia, com limites de concordância entre -858,84 a 339,12 kcal ao dia. O gênero (p=0,023, a temperatura (p=0,009 e o índice de massa corporal (p<0,001 revelaram-se fatores com impacto significativo no gasto energético. CONCLUSÃO: A equação de Harris-Benedict não é precisa na determinação do gasto energético, subestimando-o e apresentando diferenças significativas para predizer, a nível individual, o gasto energético real.

  6. Low cycle fatigue behaviour of Ti-6Al-5Zr-0.5Mo-0.25Si alloy at room temperature

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nag, Anil Kumar; Praveen, K.V.U.; Singh, Vakil

    2006-01-01

    Low cycle fatigue (LCF) behaviour of the near α titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-5Zr-0.5Mo-0.25Si (LT26A), was investigated in the (α+ β) as well as β treated conditions at room temperature. LCF tests were carried out under total strain controlled mode in the range of Δε t /2: from ± 0.60% to ± 1.40%. The alloy shows cyclic softening in both the conditions. Also it exhibits dual slope Coffin-Manson (C-M) relationship in both the treated conditions. (author)

  7. Contribution to life-time predictions of gas turbine components under cyclic load

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hoelscher, R.

    1982-02-15

    The low cycle fatique life of gas turbine components is analysed using the turbine blade of the ATAR 101 F jet engine turbine as example. The results show that, among other things thermal stresses during start-up and shut-off cause considerable damage to the material. Tests using a model rig showed that damage caused by material creep and LCF-mechanisms stongly depended on cyclic parameters such as temperature, temperature development, and power etc. Two long-term tests confirm that the Manson model can be used to give a reasonable prediction of turbine blade life.

  8. Measurement of the total combust gases inside laser fusion pellet with corresponding state method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhu Zhenghe; Wang Rong; Yang Chuanlu

    2002-01-01

    Based on the reduced parameter, the equations for equilibrium vapor pressure and density of hydrogen isotopes have been derived, which can be used below the critical point of D 2 . It is shown that the calculating results of the saturated vapor density with the corresponding state method is more accurate than that with the dew point method, and that Benedict-Webb-Robin equation is more reasonable than the ideal gas equation for calculating the filling pressure

  9. The Coast Artillery Journal. Volume 77, Number 3, May-June 1934

    Science.gov (United States)

    1934-06-01

    recently honored Colonels W~llis G. Peace and Avery J. Cooper, the new command~ng officersat Fort Shafter and Fort Kamehameha , respective- ly, with a...championship of the Honolulu Sector. Following is the final standing of the teams: Fort Shafter 258;.4 Fort Kamehameha 255 5/6 Luke Field 175 H.D. of...the "benedicts" just before the transport left Hawaii, on AprilS. The bride is the sister of Lieutenant Logan O. Shutt, of Fort Kamehameha

  10. Trans-national identities, modes of networking and integration in a multi-cultural society: A study of migrant Bangladeshis in Peninsular Malaysia

    OpenAIRE

    Sultana, Nayeem

    2007-01-01

    Nation is defined as an 'imagined community' (Benedict Anderson 1991) of the inhabitants of a country that shares a common sense of identity. Among the migrant Bangladeshis in Malaysia, consisting of very diverse groups of people, a common national identity as Bangladeshi citizens or Malaysians is not a reality. Rather, the nurturing of class interests and exploitation as well as regionalism and affiliation with local power brokers are very common. Along with this the formation of hybrid tran...

  11. Redefining the Can Do Attitude The Language of a Critical Thinking Culture

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-02-01

    tsunami, nor the powerful ground motion of an earthquake. These events disabled the power supply and hence the ability to cool three of the Fukushima...the power plant. Benedict understood full well the human tendency to read a report like this and conclude after the fact, “We should have seen it...Greeneville disaster, a high- profile case in which a U.S. Navy submarine off the Japanese coast surfaced right under a fishing vessel, killing nine of the

  12. The Other Within: The Role of the Russian Speaking Minority in Relations Between the Baltic States and Russia

    OpenAIRE

    KUZNETSOVA, ANASTASIA

    2009-01-01

    The research problem of the thesis is the role of the Russian speaking population as the internal other in the relations between the Baltic States and Russia through comparison of all the three situations. The theoretical foundation of the research is the "self -other" dichotomy considered on the fundamental, theoretical and empirical levels that are presented by the positions of Carl Schmitt, Benedict Anderson and Iver Neumann. The analysis of the dichotomy provides the basis for the researc...

  13. Being Riveted to Oneself: Shame and Personal Identity

    OpenAIRE

    Montes Sánchez, Alba

    2011-01-01

    II Workshop on Identity, Memory and Experience. Getafe (Spain), March 1-4th, 2011 In Shame and Necessity, his brilliant book on the ethics of the Ancient Greeks, Bernard Williams performed a detailed and intriguing analysis of an emotion that, up to then, had been given little merit in connection to morality. Arguing with his former professor, E.R. Dodds, and picking up on a distinction between "shame cultures" and "guilt cultures" drawn by American anthropologist Ruth Benedict, William...

  14. Hepatitis B and C virus markers among patients with hepatosplenic mansonic schistosomiasis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    AQUINO Renata Telles Rudge de

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: To evaluate the frequency and the consequences of the co-infection of hepatitis B and C viruses in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS. METHODS: B and C serologic markers, exposure to risk factors, biochemical assays, upper gastrointestinal endoscopies, and abdominal ultrasonograms were evaluated in 101 patients with HSS from 1994 to 1997. Whenever possible, PCR was tested and histopathological studies were reviewed. RESULTS: At least one HBV virus marker was found in 15.8%, and anti-HCV was detected in 12.9% of the subjects. The seropositive subjects tended to be older than the seronegative ones. A history of blood transfusion was significantly related to the presence of anti-HCV. Three (18.75% out of 16 subjects exposed to B virus were HBsAg positive. Eleven (84.6% out of thirteen patients who were anti-HCV positive demonstrated viral activity. Patients with ongoing viral infection presented a higher average level of liver aminotransferases, a higher frequency of cell decompensation and a higher rate of chronic hepatitis. Portal hypertension parameters were not influenced by viral exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of hepatitis B and C viruses serologic markers observed in the patients with HSS was higher than the control group. The co-infection was responsible for a higher frequency of cell decompensation.

  15. Uudised : Tüür Frankfurdi "Auftaktil". Motörhead ja Manson Soomes

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2007-01-01

    Frankfurdi Vana Ooperi uut hooaega traditsiooniliselt sissejuhatava festivali "Auftakt" tänavusteks külalisteks on Erkki-Sven Tüür ja inglise tšellist Steven Isserlis, 28. aug.-1. okt. kestval festivalil mängitakse Tüüri 6. ja 7. (4. sümfooniat dirigeerib Paavo Järvi), 12. sept. kavas "Fata Morgana" ja "Oxymoron" ning Helena Tulve "Lumineux..." Olari Eltsi juhatusel. Inglise ansambli Motörhead kontserdist 11. dets. ja USA rokkari Marilyn Mansoni kontserdist 20. dets. Helsingis

  16. Exploring the η Aquila System: Another Cepheid Parallax and Further Evidence for a Tertiary

    Science.gov (United States)

    Benedict, George Frederick; Barnes, Thomas G.; Evans, Nancy; Cochran, William; McArthur, Barbara E.; Harrison, Thomas E.

    2018-01-01

    We report progress towards a re-analysis of Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor astrometric data, originally acquired to determine a parallax for and absolute magnitudes of the classical Cepheid, η Aquila. This object was not included in past Cepheid Period-Luminosity Relation (PLR) work (Benedict et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 1810), because we had an insufficient number of epochs with which to establish a suspected and complicating companion orbit. Our new investigation is considerably aided by including a significant number of radial velocity measures (RV) from six sources, including new, high-quality Hobby-Eberly Telescope spectra. We first derive a 12 Fourier coefficient description of the Cepheid pulsation, solving for velocity offsets required to bring the six RV data sets into coincidence. We next model the RV residuals to that fit with an orbit. The resulting orbit has very high eccentricity. The astrometric residuals show only a very small perturbation, consistent with a prediction from the spectroscopic orbit. We finally include that orbit in a combined astrometry and radial velocity model. This modeling, similar to that presented in Benedict and Harrison (2017, AJ, 153, 258) yields a parallax, allowing inclusion of η Aquila in a PLR. It also establishes a Cepheid/companion mass ratio for the early-type star companion identified in IUE spectra (Evans 1991, ApJ, 372, 597).

  17. Márgenes de la ciudad como márgenes de la nación en La cola de la serpiente de Leonardo Padura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karla Aguilar

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available El concepto de Estado-Nación, construcción legitimada en las comunidades imaginadas de Benedict Anderson, ha sido ampliamente discutido en los últimos años. La obra de Leonardo Padura configura, en este sentido, nuevos procesos de resignificación cultural y política que rompen con la idea de unidad y homogeneidad de la identidad nacional. La cola de la serpiente agudiza esta ruptura con la introducción de la comunidad china en la Habana. El barrio chino será la metáfora de la pertenencia a la nación en cuanto sus espacios destruidos aterrizan los grandes “valores nacionales” a la inmediatez de la violencia y la necesidad. The concept of Nation-state, a construction legitimated in the approaches of imagined communities of Benedict Anderson, has been widely discussed in recent years. The work of Leonardo Padura configured, in this way, new processes of cultural and political redefinition which break with the idea of unity and homogeneity of national identity. La cola de la serpiente exacerbated this rupture with the introduction of the Chinese community in Havana. Chinatown is the metaphor of belonging to the nation as its destroyed spaces land the great “national values” to the immediacy of violence and necessity.

  18. La introducción del arte flamígero en Castilla: Pedro Jalopa, maestro de los Luna

    OpenAIRE

    Yuste Galán, Amalia María

    2004-01-01

    Don Alvaro de Luna, at the height of his power, decided to build a funerary chapel in Toledo Cathedral. In relation to this project Pedro Jalopa appears, possibly the same master who some years earlier had directed the construction of Huesca Cathedral under the patronage of Pope Benedict XIII, great-uncle of Don Alvaro. After his work in Toledo, Jalopa was contracted as master builder at Palencia Cathedral. The powerful Luna family and the close relationship between bishoprics may well have i...

  19. He atom surface scattering: Surface dynamics of insulators, overlayers and crystal growth

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1992-01-01

    Investigations have focused primarily on surface structure and dynamics of ionic insulators, epitaxial growth onto alkali halide crystals and multiphoton studies. The surface dynamics of RbCl has been re-examined. We have developed a simple force constant model which provides insight into the dynamics of KBr overlayers on NaCl(001), a system with a large lattice mismatch. The KBr/NaCl(001) results are compared to Na/Cu(001) and NaCl/Ge(001). We have completed epitaxial growth experiments for KBr onto RbCl(001). Slab dynamics calculations using a shell model for this system with very small lattice mismatch are being carried out in collaboration with Professor Manson of Clemson University and with Professor Schroeder in Regensburg, Germany. Extensive experiments on multiphoton scattering of helium atoms onto NaCl and, particularly, LiF have been carried out and the theory has been developed to a rather advanced stage by Professor Manson. This work will permit the extraction of more information from time-of-flight spectra. It is shown that the theoretical model provides a very good description of the multiphoton scattering from organic films. Work has started on self-assembling organic films on gold (alkyl thiols/Au(111)). We have begun to prepare and characterize the gold crystal; one of the group members has spent two weeks at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory learning the proper Au(111) preparation techniques. One of our students has carried out neutron scattering experiments on NiO, measuring both bulk phonon and magnon dispersion curves

  20. Differences in the cyclic deformation behaviour of quenched and tempered steel 42 CrMo 4 (AISI 4140) due to stress- and strain-control

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schulze, V.; Lang, K.-H.; Voehringer, O.; Macherauch, E.

    1998-01-01

    Cyclic stress-strain-curves and Manson-Coffin-plots of quenched and tempered steel 42 CrMo 4 (AISI 4140) strongly depend on whether they are determined under stress- or total-strain-control. At total-strain-controlled experiments, this is caused on the one hand by comparatively high initial stress-amplitudes which lead to distinctive cyclic work softening. On the other hand, the occuring differences in the evolution of inhomogeneous deformation patterns at both types of loading, which can be recorded by means of photoelasticity and microscopy, lead to differently distributed plastic deformations and to different integral values of plastic strain. (orig.)

  1. Differences in the cyclic deformation behaviour of quenched and tempered steel 42 CrMo 4 (AISI 4140) due to stress- and strain-control; Versuchsfuehrungsbedingte Unterschiede im zyklischen Verformungsverhalten von verguetetem 42 CrMo 4 bei Spannungs- und Totaldehnungskontrolle

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schulze, V.; Lang, K.-H.; Voehringer, O.; Macherauch, E. [Karlsruhe Univ. (T.H.) (Germany). Inst. fuer Werkstoffkunde 1

    1998-04-01

    Cyclic stress-strain-curves and Manson-Coffin-plots of quenched and tempered steel 42 CrMo 4 (AISI 4140) strongly depend on whether they are determined under stress- or total-strain-control. At total-strain-controlled experiments, this is caused on the one hand by comparatively high initial stress-amplitudes which lead to distinctive cyclic work softening. On the other hand, the occuring differences in the evolution of inhomogeneous deformation patterns at both types of loading, which can be recorded by means of photoelasticity and microscopy, lead to differently distributed plastic deformations and to different integral values of plastic strain. (orig.) 11 refs.

  2. Pulmonary arterio-venous micro fistulae - Diagnostic

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ebram, J.C.

    1989-01-01

    Four patients with pulmonary arterio-venous micro-fistulae - of which two were male (50%) - the ages varying from 10 to 43 (X sup(∼) = 22,7), were studied at the Cardiology Centre of the 6th Ward of Santa Casa da Misericordia Hospital in Rio de Janeiro. They were all basically suffering from Manson's Schistosomiasis, the hepato-splenic form in 3 cases (75%) and the Rendu Osler Weber disease with juvenile cirrhosis in 1 case (25%). All four of them had portal hypertension. The individual cases were clinically evaluate with X-rays, scintillographic and hemodynamic tests. (author)

  3. Identification of low cycle fatigue parameters of high strength low-alloy (HSLA steel at room temperature

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. Bulatović

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Low cycle fatigue test was performed in ambient atmosphere at room temperature. Cycle loading of material, in case of High strength low-alloy steel, entails modifications of its properties and in this paper is therefore shown behavior of fatigue life using low cycle fatigue parameters. More precisely, crack initiation life of tested specimens was computed using theory of Coffin-Manson relation during the fatigue loading. The geometry of the stabilized hysteresis loop of welded joint HSLA steel, marked as Nionikral 70, is also analyzed. This stabilized hysteresis loop is very important for determination of materials properties.

  4. Comparación del gasto energético en reposo determinado mediante calorimetría indirecta y estimado mediante fórmulas predictivas en mujeres con grados de obesidad I a III

    OpenAIRE

    Alicia Parra-Carriedo; Loren Cherem-Cherem; Daniela Galindo-De Noriega; Mary Carmen Díaz-Gutiérrez; Ana Bertha Pérez-Lizaur; César Hernández-Guerrero

    2013-01-01

    Introducción: La determinación del gasto energético en reposo (GER) se calcula cotidianamente a partir de fórmulas predictivas aunque el resultado varía dependiendo de la población. Objetivo: Comparar la determinación del GER mediante calorimetría indirecta y mediante las ecuaciones Harris-Benedict (HB), Mifflin (MF), Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), "Institute of Medicine" (IOM), Fórmula Rápida (FR) y Valencia (VA) en mujeres con grados de obesidad I a III. Métodos: Mujeres adultas me...

  5. Medieval Architectures for Religious Tourism and Hospitality along the Pilgrimage Routes of Northern Italy

    OpenAIRE

    Silvia Beltramo

    2015-01-01

    Sacred spaces are, and have always been, places of reception: hospitality is in fact a precept of God. Many biblical passages remind us of this, such as the one (Gen 18, 4-5) in which Abraham welcomes three guests, washes their feet and offers them a piece of bread and a place to rest under a tree. Saint Benedict too, in chapter 53 of the Rule, insisted on the need to honour pilgrims and travellers, who should be welcomed with a charitable service ready for devotion and stated that all guests...

  6. Handbook of Aerospace and Operational Physiology, 2nd Edition

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-10-01

    Gender w = wt in kg h = ht in cm a = age in yr MGF a Harris-Benedict Men (13.75 x w) + (5 x h) - (6.76 x a) + 66 Women (9.56 x w) + (1.85 x h...Responses to the Aerospace Environment. Volume 3, Sections 10 – 16. Oxygen-CO2-Energy. NASA CR-1205 (3). NASA Contractor Report. United States. National...Challenger (28 Jan 86) and Columbia (01 Feb 03) led a NASA team of government employees and civilian contractors to take a hard look at their

  7. Manual Labour as praxis pietatis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bruun, Mette Birkedal

    2007-01-01

    This article describes the role played by the topos of manual labour in the Cistercian reform at La Trappe in the 1660s. According to the reformer Armand-Jean de Rancé, manual labour serves partly as a link from the reform to the Rule of Benedict's prescriptions about opus manuum, partly as an ep...... as an epitome of the biblical definition of the post-lapsarian condition as a matter of eating bread by the sweat of one's face and finally as a device for the cultivation of monastic humility and penitence....

  8. Eduación y construcción de las identidades nacionales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María del Mar del POZO ANDRÉS

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available En 1983 APARECIÓ EN INGLÉS EL LIBRO DE BENEDICT ANDERSON sobre el nacionalismo, en el cual planteaba una tesis que sigue siendo hoy objeto tanto de admiración como de discusión. En su opinión, las naciones no eran, como venían manteniendo las teorías del nacionalismo esencialista, unos entes surgidos en el pasado remoto, en la noche de los tiempos y determinadas desde siempre por unos límites territoriales y por unas características étnicas absolutamente invariables de sus habitantes.

  9. PVT modeling of reservoir fluids using PC-SAFT EoS and Soave-BWR EoS

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Yan, Wei; Varzandeh, Farhad; Stenby, Erling Halfdan

    2015-01-01

    non-cubic EoS models, such as the Perturbed Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) EoS and the Soave modified Benedict-Webb-Rubin (Soave-BWR) EoS, may partly replace the roles of these classical cubic models in the upstream oil industry. Here, we attempt to make a comparative study...... for the four models. For PVT prediction, the non-cubic models show advantages in some high pressure high temperature (HPHT) fluids but no clear advantages in general, indicating the necessity for further improvement of the characterization procedure....

  10. In the Beginning Was the Word: Citizenship in the Fandom Nation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Westberg, Lysa Hannah Pernille Nielsen

    might not understand entirely, even thoroughly prepared. Research shows that participatory fans do have a strong sense of nationality. They defend themselves, online or offline, when feeling attacked, a reciprocation that might be avoided with a new approach to what fandom is. This presentation...... how fandom fits into the framework of Benedict Anderson's theories on imagined nations. Analysing various fan-used platforms and recent qualitative interviews with fans from a number of countries, I explore how the shared sense of fraternity, power, and temporality in fandom create this, the most...

  11. The Philippine Church, State, and People on the Problem of Population

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    F. P. A. Demeterio

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper will take a look at six things, namely: 1 the global picture of the population problem; 2 the leading theories on population; 3 the place of the Philippines among the worlds' most populated, densest and fastest growing countries; 4 the contours and behavior of Philippine demographics; 5 the existing power relations amidst the Philippine Church, State, and people concerning the issue of population; and 6 the possibility of a better alternative paradigm of power relations from the encyclical Deus Caritas Est of Pope Benedict XVI.

  12. Angular distribution for the elastic scattering of electrons from Ar+(3s23p52P) above the first inelastic threshold

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brotton, S.J.; McKenna, P.; Gribakin, G.; Williams, I.D.

    2002-01-01

    The measured angular differential cross section (DCS) for the elastic scattering of electrons from Ar + (3s 2 3p 5 2 P) at the collision energy of 16 eV is presented. By solving the Hartree-Fock equations, we calculate the corresponding theoretical DCS including the coupling between the orbital angular momenta and spin of the incident electron and those of the target ion and also relaxation effects. Since the collision energy is above one inelastic threshold for the transition 3s 2 3p 5 2 P-3s3p 6 2 S, we consider the effects on the DCS of inelastic absorption processes and elastic resonances. The measurements deviate significantly from the Rutherford cross section over the full angular range observed, especially in the region of a deep minimum centered at approximately 75 deg. Our theory and an uncoupled, unrelaxed method using a local, spherically symmetric potential by Manson [Phys. Rev. 182, 97 (1969)] both reproduce the overall shape of the measured DCS, although the coupled Hartree-Fock approach describes the depth of the minimum more accurately. The minimum is shallower in the present theory owing to our lower average value for the d-wave non-Coulomb phase shift σ 2 , which is due to the high sensitivity of σ 2 to the different scattering potentials used in the two models. The present measurements and calculations therefore show the importance of including coupling and relaxation effects when accurately modeling electron-ion collisions. The phase shifts obtained by fitting to the measurements are compared with the values of Manson and the present method

  13. Influencia de la composición y tratamiento térmico sobre el comportamiento a fluencia de aceros ferrítico-martensíticos del tipo 9Cr1MoVNb utilizados en calderas supercríticas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gutiérrez Urrutia, I.

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available In the present investigation, creep behaviour on various ferritic-martensitic steels (type 9Cr1MoVNb from last generation were studied. They’re amply used as high pressure and temperature tubes in supercritical boilers for advanced thermoelectric plant. The material used was produced with vacuum high frecuency induction furnace hot-rolling followed by normalizing plus and tempering heat treatments. Creep testing carry out with different stress (also constant lower than yield strength (σ < Re and temperatures at 600±50ºC. Influence by variation of some chemical elements (B, Ti, V, Nb, V, C, as well assessment Larson-Miller, Manson-Haferd and Orr-Sherby-Dorn parameters, they’re likewise studied.

    Se estudia el comportamiento a fluencia de varios aceros ferrítico-martensíticos de última generación, del tipo 9Cr1MoVNb, que son ampliamente utilizados como tubos presurizados de alta temperatura en calderas supercríticas para centrales térmicas avanzadas de producción de energía eléctrica. El material utilizado fue fabricado en hornos de inducción de alta frecuencia y al vacío, laminado en caliente y posteriormente aplicado diferentes tratamientos térmicos de Normalizado y Revenido. En los ensayos de fluencia se aplicaron diferentes y ctes. σ < Re y temperaturas de 550, 600 y 650º C. La influencia de la variación de determinados elementos (C, N, V, Nb, Ti, B de su composición química así como observar los valores que toman los parámetros de Larson-Miller, Manson-Haferd y Orr-Sherby-Dorn, son asimismo contemplados.

  14. Cyclic plasticity models and application in fatigue analysis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kalev, I.

    1981-01-01

    An analytical procedure for prediction of the cyclic plasticity effects on both the structural fatigue life to crack initiation and the rate of crack growth is presented. The crack initiation criterion is based on the Coffin-Manson formulae extended for multiaxial stress state and for inclusion of the mean stress effect. This criterion is also applied for the accumulated damage ahead of the existing crack tip which is assumed to be related to the crack growth rate. Three cyclic plasticity models, based on the concept of combination of several yield surfaces, are employed for computing the crack growth rate of a crack plane stress panel under several cyclic loading conditions.

  15. Kirkpatrick-Baez microscope with spherical multilayer mirrors around 2.5keV photon energy

    Science.gov (United States)

    An, Ning; Du, Xuewei; Wang, Qiuping; Cao, Zhurong; Jiang, Shaoen; Ding, Yongkun

    2014-09-01

    A Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) x-ray microscope has been developed for the diagnostics of inertial confinement fusion (ICF). The KB microscope system works around 2.5keV with the magnification of 20. It consists of two spherical multilayer mirrors. The grazing angle is 3.575° at 2.5keV. The influence of the slope error of optical components and the alignment errors is simulated by SHADOW software. The mechanical structure which can perform fine tuning is designed. Experiment result with Manson x-ray source shows that the spatial resolution of the system is about 3-4μm over a field of view of 200μm.

  16. Contribution for the assessment and simplified calculation of structures taking into account hysteresis evolution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dorka, U.E.

    1988-01-01

    By defining a scalar function of comparison in general and isolating one-dimensional cyclic hysteresis curves for field elements, the foundation is laid for a unified way of judging systems with chain-type structure taking into account hysteresis evolution. A general description of this evolution leads to certain evolutionary properties, with the 'linear' and 'uniform' evolution covering the usual methods for low-cycle fatigue (Miner's rule, Manson-Coffin, Rainflow, etc.). For the more realistic case of an 'exponential' and 'consistent' evolution, experimentally verifiable typ-functions are given which enable with fair accuracy an approximate time-domain computation of a system regarding hysteresis evolution. (orig.) [de

  17. Fatigue Life Assessment of Selected Engineering Materials Based on Modified Low-Cycle Fatigue Test

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maj M.

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available In this study, the mechanical tests were carried out on ductile iron of EN-GJS-600-3 grade and on grey cast iron of EN-GJL-250 grade. The fatigue life was evaluated in a modified low-cycle fatigue test (MLCF, which enables the determination of parameters resulting from the Manson-Coffin-Morrow relationship. The qualitative and quantitative metallographic studies conducted by light microscopy on selected samples of ductile iron with spheroidal graphite and grey cast iron with lamellar graphite (showing only small variations in mechanical properties, confirmed also small variations in the geometrical parameters of graphite related with its content and morphological features.

  18. Fatigue Life Assessment of Selected Engineering Materials Based on Modified Low-Cycle Fatigue Test

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Maj

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available In this study, the mechanical tests were carried out on ductile iron of EN-GJS-600-3 grade and on grey cast iron of EN-GJL-250 grade.The fatigue life was evaluated in a modified low-cycle fatigue test (MLCF, which enables the determination of parameters resulting fromthe Manson-Coffin-Morrow relationship.The qualitative and quantitative metallographic studies conducted by light microscopy on selected samples of ductile iron with spheroidalgraphite and grey cast iron with lamellar graphite (showing only small variations in mechanical properties, confirmed also smallvariations in the geometrical parameters of graphite related with its content and morphological features.

  19. Tension and fatigue behavior of 316LVM 1x7 multi-strand cables used as implantable electrodes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lewandowski, John J; Varadarajan, Ravikumar; Smith, Brian; Tuma, Chris; Shazly, Mostafa; Vatamanu, Luciano O

    2008-07-15

    The mechanical behavior of 316LVM 1x7 cables were evaluated in uniaxial tension, and in cyclic strain-controlled fatigue with the use of a Flex tester operated to provide fully reversed bending fatigue. The magnitude of cyclic strains imparted to each cable tested was controlled via the use of different diameter mandrels. Smaller diameter mandrels produced higher values of cyclic strain and lower fatigue life. Multiple samples were tested and analyzed via scanning electron microscopy. The fatigue results were analyzed via a Coffin-Manson-Basquin approach and compared to fatigue data obtained from the literature where testing was conducted on similar materials, but under rotating bending fatigue conditions.

  20. [Historical context of parasitological studies in tropical area, malaria as an example].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lonc, Elzbieta; Płonka-Syroka, Bozena

    2007-01-01

    Review paper deals with the historical analysis of intellectual activity of some famous parasitologists working in tropics on malaria in the XIX/XX century: A. Laveran (1845-1922), R. Ross (1857-1932), P. Manson (1844-1922), B. Grassi (1854-1925), and other Nobelprize researchers: P. H. Müller (1899-1965) and J. W. von Jauregg (1857-1940). Those chief investigations are interpreted from the point of view of the so-called anthropology of knowledge based on L. Fleck's (1896-1961) philosophy and sociology of science. Parasitological investigations, especially in the field of malaria, were undertaken in the developed economically countries in answer to the social demands. It was connected with development of colonies and the needs of stabilization of epidemiological situation in tropics. To mid of the eigthies of 19th century the lack of positive effects resulted from the theoretical barriers and conservative thinking style of the European academic society. It caused that great parasitological discoveries of the etiological agents of parasitic diseases (like plasmodia, life cycle in malaria) took place behind university circles. They were done by the physicians - general practitioners--in the colony areas. Doctors A. Laveran, P. Manson and R. Ross were not restricted by traditional standards and the obliging normative concepts in the academic naturalism. Those medical men worked out a new impulse for parasitology and supported an idea based on the rule that each disease should be assigned with the materialistic biological factor (pathogen). In the years 1800-1900 the old and a new concepts were competed in the natural sciences and medicine. Near year 1900 a new way in the context of modern interpretations was brought into general use. It was proved experimentally that etiological theory of parasitic disease was more practically usuful. It resulted in the formation of the effective prophylactic theory as well as the development of research in the field of chemotherapy

  1. Comparison of predictive equations and measured resting energy expenditure among obese youth attending a pediatric healthy weight clinic: one size does not fit all.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Henes, Sarah T; Cummings, Doyle M; Hickner, Robert C; Houmard, Joseph A; Kolasa, Kathryn M; Lazorick, Suzanne; Collier, David N

    2013-10-01

    The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics recommends the use of indirect calorimetry for calculating caloric targets for weight loss in obese youth. Practitioners typically use predictive equations since indirect calorimetry is often not available. The objective of this study was to compare measured resting energy expenditure (MREE) with that estimated using published predictive equations in obese pediatric patients. Youth aged 7 to 18 years (n = 80) who were referred to a university-based healthy weight clinic and who were greater than the 95th percentile BMI for age and gender participated. MREE was measured via a portable indirect calorimeter. Predicted energy expenditure (pEE) was estimated using published equations including those commonly used in children. pEE was compared to the MREE for each subject. Absolute mean difference between MREE and pEE, mean percentage accuracy, and mean error were determined. Mean percentage accuracy of pEE compared with MREE varied widely, with the Harris-Benedict, Lazzer, and Molnar equations providing the greatest accuracy (65%, 61%, and 60%, respectively). Mean differences between MREE and equation-estimated caloric targets varied from 197.9 kcal/day to 307.7 kcal/day. The potential to either overestimate or underestimate calorie needs in the clinical setting is significant when comparing EE derived from predictive equations with that measured using portable indirect calorimetry. While our findings suggest that the Harris-Benedict equation has improved accuracy relative to other equations in severely obese youth, the potential for error remains sufficiently great to suggest that indirect calorimetry is preferred.

  2. Can We Rely on Predicted Basal Metabolic Rate in Patients With Intestinal Failure on Home Parenteral Nutrition?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Skallerup, Anders; Nygaard, Louis; Olesen, Søren Schou; Vinter-Jensen, Lars; Køhler, Marianne; Rasmussen, Henrik Højgaard

    2017-09-01

    Intestinal failure (IF) is a serious and common complication of short bowel syndrome with patients depending on parenteral nutrition (PN) support. Effective nutrition management requires an accurate estimation of the patient's basal metabolic rate (BMR) to avoid underfeeding or overfeeding. However, indirect calorimetry, considered the gold standard for BMR assessment, is a time- and resource-consuming procedure. Consequently, several equations for prediction of BMR have been developed in different settings, but their accuracy in patients with IF are yet to be investigated. We evaluated the accuracy of predicted BMR in clinically stable patients with IF dependent on home parenteral nutrition (HPN). In total, 103 patients with IF were included. We used indirect calorimetry for assessment of BMR and calculated predicted BMR using different equations based on anthropometric and/or bioelectrical impedance parameters. The accuracy of predicted BMR was evaluated using Bland-Altman analysis with measured BMR as the gold standard. The average measured BMR was 1272 ± 245 kcal/d. The most accurate estimations of BMR were obtained using the Harris-Benedict equation (mean bias, 14 kcal/d [ P = .28]; limits of agreement [LoA], -238 to 266 kcal/d) and the Johnstone equation (mean bias, -16 kcal/d [ P = .24]; LoA, -285 to 253 kcal/d). For both equations, 67% of patients had a predicted BMR from 90%-110% All other equations demonstrated a statistically and clinically significant difference between measured and predicted BMR. The Harris-Benedict and Johnstone equations reliably predict BMR in two-thirds of clinically stable patients with IF on HPN.

  3. Astrometry With the Hubble Space Telescope: Trigonometric Parallaxes of Planetary Nebula Nuclei NGC 6853, NGC 7293, ABELL 31, and DeHt 5

    Science.gov (United States)

    2009-12-01

    Consortium. 1974 BENEDICT ET AL. Vol. 138 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 R ed uc ed P ro pe r M ot io n (H K = K + 5 lo g( μ) ) 1.20.80.40.0 J-K ( 2Mass ) 2...al. 2004) and J, K photometry from 2MASS for a one-degree-square field centered on DeHt 5. With final proper motions from our astrometric solution...Orientation to the sky is obtained from ground-based as- trometry from 2MASS with uncertainties in the field orientation ±0.◦05. This value, too, was

  4. BNPI's approach

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Benedict, M.H.

    1985-01-01

    One of the goals of Benedict Nuclear Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (BNPI) is to make available high-purity I-123 to the nuclear medical community. Logistical difficulties coupled with regulatory requirements create problems for a company such as this where a major thrust has been related to contract cyclotron services. The author supports, therefore, the development and utilization of a 123 Xe → 123 I generator system. The various steps taken by BNPI to solve logistical problems, to improve radiopharmaceutical production techniques, to extend services to smaller communities by utilizing mobile imaging facilities and short-lived radiopharmaceuticals, and to promote control distribution centers are described

  5. Fatigue properties of JIS H3300 C1220 copper for strain life prediction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Harun, Muhammad Faiz; Mohammad, Roslina

    2018-05-01

    The existing methods for estimating strain life parameters are dependent on the material's monotonic tensile properties. However, a few of these methods yield quite complicated expressions for calculating fatigue parameters, and are specific to certain groups of materials only. The Universal Slopes method, Modified Universal Slopes method, Uniform Material Law, the Hardness method, and Medians method are a few existing methods for predicting strain-life fatigue based on monotonic tensile material properties and hardness of material. In the present study, nine methods for estimating fatigue life and properties are applied on JIS H3300 C1220 copper to determine the best methods for strain life estimation of this ductile material. Experimental strain-life curves are compared to estimations obtained using each method. Muralidharan-Manson's Modified Universal Slopes method and Bäumel-Seeger's method for unalloyed and low-alloy steels are found to yield batter accuracy in estimating fatigue life with a deviation of less than 25%. However, the prediction of both methods only yield much better accuracy for a cycle of less than 1000 or for strain amplitudes of more than 1% and less than 6%. Manson's Original Universal Slopes method and Ong's Modified Four-Point Correlation method are found to predict the strain-life fatigue of copper with better accuracy for a high number of cycles of strain amplitudes of less than 1%. The differences between mechanical behavior during monotonic and cyclic loading and the complexity in deciding the coefficient in an equation are probably the reason for the lack of a reliable method for estimating fatigue behavior using the monotonic properties of a group of materials. It is therefore suggested that a differential approach and new expressions be developed to estimate the strain-life fatigue parameters for ductile materials such as copper.

  6. Shokirokkar Marilyn Manson tuleb Eestisse. Latiino-südametemurdja Enrique Iglesias tuleb Tallinna laulma

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2007-01-01

    Rockmuusiku Marilyn Mansoni kontserdist turnee "Rape of World" raames 22. dets. Tallinnas Saku Suurhallis. Enrique Iglesiase kontserdist Euroopa turnee raames laulja uue albumi "Insomniac" toetuseks 30. nov. Saku Suurhallis

  7. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Solar neighborhood. XXXVII. RVs for M dwarfs (Benedict+, 2016)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Benedict, G. F.; Henry, T. J.; Franz, O. G.; McArthur, B. E.; Wasserman, L. H.; Jao, W.-C.; Cargile, P. A.; Dieterich, S. B.; Bradley, A. J.; Nelan, E. P.; Whipple, A. L.

    2017-05-01

    During this project we observed with two Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) units: FGS 3 from 1992 to 2000, and FGS 1r from 2000 to 2009. FGS 1r replaced the original FGS 1 during Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Servicing Mission 3A in late 1999. We included visual, photographic, and CCD observations of separations and position angles from Geyer et al. 1988AJ.....95.1841G for our analysis of GJ 65 AB. We include a single observation of G 193-027 AB from Beuzit et al. 2004A&A...425..997B, who used the Adaptive Optics Bonnette system on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). For GJ 65 AB we include five Very Large Telescope/NAos-COnica (VLT/NACO) measures of position angle and separation (Kervella et al. 2016A&A...593A.127K). For our analysis of GJ 623 AB, we included astrometric observations (Martinache et al. 2007ApJ...661..496M) performed with the Palomar High Angular Resolution Observer (PHARO) instrument on the Palomar 200in (5m) telescope and with the Near InfraRed Camera 2 (NIRC2) instrument on the Keck II telescope. Separations have typical errors of 2mas. Position angle errors average 0.5°. Measurements are included for GJ 22 AC from McCarthy et al. 1991AJ....101..214M and for GJ 473 AB from Henry et al. 1992AJ....103.1369H and Torres et al. 1999AJ....117..562T, who used a two-dimensional infrared speckle camera containing a 58*62 pixel InSb array on the Steward Observatory 90in telescope. We also include infrared speckle observations by Woitas et al. 2003A&A...406..293W, who obtained fourteen separation and position angle measurements for GJ 22 AC with the near-infrared cameras MAGIC and OMEGA Cass at the 3.5m telescope on Calar Alto. We also include a few speckle observations at optical wavelengths from the Special Astrophysical Observatory 6m Bolshoi Azimuth Telescope (BTA) and 1m Zeiss (Balega et al. 1994, Cat. J/A+AS/105/503), from the CFHT (Blazit et al. 1987) and from the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument (DSSI) on the Wisconsin, Indiana, Yale, National optical astronomy observatory (WIYN) 3.5m (Horch et al. 2012, Cat. J/AJ/143/10). Where available, we use astrometric observations from HST instruments other than the FGSs, including the Faint Object Camera (FOC; Barbieri et al. 1996A&A...315..418B), the Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS; Schultz et al. 1998PASP..110...31S), the Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS; Golimowski et al. 2004AJ....128.1733G), and the Wide-Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2; Schroeder et al. 2000AJ....119..906S; Dieterich et al. 2012, Cat. J/AJ/144/64). Our radial velocity measurements, listed in table3, are from two sources. We obtained most radial velocity data with the McDonald 2.1m Struve telescope and the Sandiford Cassegrain Echelle spectrograph, hereafter CE. The CE delivers a dispersion equivalent to 2.5km/s/pix (R=λ/Δλ=60000) with a wavelength range of 5500{<=}λ{<=}6700Å spread across 26 orders (apertures). The McDonald data were collected during 33 observing runs from 1995 to 2009. Some GJ 623 AB velocities came from the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) using the Tull Spectrograph. (3 data files).

  8. Atom-surface interaction: Zero-point energy formalism

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Paranjape, V.V.

    1985-01-01

    The interaction energy between an atom and a surface formed by a polar medium is derived with use of a new approach based on the zero-point energy formalism. It is shown that the energy depends on the separation Z between the atom and the surface. With increasing Z, the energy decreases according to 1/Z 3 , while with decreasing Z the energy saturates to a finite value. It is also shown that the energy is affected by the velocity of the atom, but this correction is small. Our result for large Z is consistent with the work of Manson and Ritchie [Phys. Rev. B 29, 1084 (1984)], who follow a more traditional approach to the problem

  9. Characterization of cyclic deformation behaviour of tempered and quenched 42CrMoS4 at single step and variable amplitude loading

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schelp, M.; Eifler, D.

    2000-01-01

    Cyclic single steps tests were performed on tempered and quenched specimens of the steel 42CrMoS4. Strain, temperature and electrical resistance measurements yielded an empirical prediction of fatigue life according to Coffin, Manson and Morrow. All measured values are based on physical processes and therefore show a strong interaction. A new testing procedure was developed permitting hysteresis measurements to be used for the characterization and description of fatigue behaviour under variable amplitude loading. The basic idea is to combine fatigue tests with any kind of load spectrum with single step tests. This offers the possibility to apply lifetime prediction methods normally used for single step tests for those with random or service loading. (orig.)

  10. Reliability of Pb free solder alloys. Physical and mechanical properties; Pb free handa no shinraisei. Butsuri kikaiteki shinraisei

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sanji, M; Yoshino, M; Ishikawa, J; Takenaka, O [Denso Corp., Aichi (Japan)

    1997-10-01

    Properties of 19 different Pb free solders have been evaluated in comparison with Sn-37Pb eutectic solder. Pb free solders without Bi were on the same level as Sn-37Pb in tensile strength and elongation, and those with Bi had higher strength and lower elongation than Sn-37Pb. As the Bi content increased, strength was higher, and elongation was lower. In torsion fatigue tests, fatigue life of Pb free solders without Bi was longer than Sn-37Pb. The relationships of Coffin-Manson rule and Basquin rule with fatigue life was applicable to Pb free solder. Fatigue life of those is inferred from their tensile strength. 7 refs., 13 figs., 1 tab.

  11. Shelley’s Unknown Eros: Post-Secular Love in Epipsychidion

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michael Tomko

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Whether Percy Bysshe Shelley’s Epipsychidion—a Platonic poem on love addressed to the patriarchally imprisoned Theresa Viviani or “Emily”—receives praise or blame has generally been determined by two focal passages: a secular sermon on free love and a planetary allegorical thinly veiling his own imbroglio. This essay re-reads Shelley’s 1821 work drawing on two recent arguments: Stuart Curran’s Dantean call to take the poem’s Florentine narrator seriously as a character, not just as an autobiographical cypher, and Colin Jager’s outline of Shelley’s move beyond the assumptions of his professed atheism after 1816. Based on the poem’s structure and imagery, the paper argues that Epipsychidion critiques the false sense of revolutionary ascent and dualistic escape offered to Emily, who is commodified and erased by the narrator’s egocentric, “counterfeit divinization of eros” (Benedict XVI. Turning from this Radical Enlightenment Platonism, the poem momentarily realizes an embodied, hylomorphic romantic union akin to the Christian nuptial mystery of two becoming “one flesh” (Mark 10:8. This ideal, however, collapses back into solipsism when the narrator cannot understand or accept love as a “unity in duality” (Benedict XVI. This paper thus claims Epipsychidion as a post-secular inquiry into the problem of love whose philosophic limits and theological horizons are both surprising and instructive. It also reclaims Shelley as a phenomenological poet who can open up the world to Christian and non-Christian readers, one whose Platonic and Dantean formation lend him an openness to transcendence and one whose countercultural path through life makes him wary of inhumane appropriations of religion.

  12. Validity of predictive equations for basal metabolic rate in Japanese adults.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Miyake, Rieko; Tanaka, Shigeho; Ohkawara, Kazunori; Ishikawa-Takata, Kazuko; Hikihara, Yuki; Taguri, Emiko; Kayashita, Jun; Tabata, Izumi

    2011-01-01

    Many predictive equations for basal metabolic rate (BMR) based on anthropometric measurements, age, and sex have been developed, mainly for healthy Caucasians. However, it has been reported that many of these equations, used widely, overestimate BMR not only for Asians, but also for Caucasians. The present study examined the accuracy of several predictive equations for BMR in Japanese subjects. In 365 healthy Japanese male and female subjects, aged 18 to 79 y, BMR was measured in the post-absorptive state using a mask and Douglas bag. Six predictive equations were examined. Total error was used as an index of the accuracy of each equation's prediction. Predicted BMR values by Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (Japan-DRI), Adjusted Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (Adjusted-DRI), and Ganpule equations were not significantly different from the measured BMR in either sex. On the other hand, Harris-Benedict, Schofield, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization/United Nations University equations were significantly higher than the measured BMR in both sexes. The prediction error by Japan-DRI, Adjusted-DRI, and Harris-Benedict equations was significantly correlated with body weight in both sexes. Total error using the Ganpule equation was low in both males and females (125 and 99 kcal/d, respectively). In addition, total error using the Adjusted-DRI equation was low in females (95 kcal/d). Thus, the Ganpule equation was the most accurate in predicting BMR in our healthy Japanese subjects, because the difference between the predicted and measured BMR was relatively small, and body weight had no effect on the prediction error.

  13. Dynamics of the concept “Man” in the history of philosophy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karpina Olena Serhiyivna

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available The article deals with the development of the category “man” in the history of philosophy. The author focuses on such periods of the philosophical thought development as the Antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Modern history, the Age of the Enlightenment, German classical philosophy, and non-classical philosophy. The article analyses and compare philosophical views of such outstanding thinkers as Socrates, Aristotle, Epicurus, Titus Lucretius Carus, Thomas Aquinas, Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Coluccio Salutati, Michel de Montaigne, Francis Bacon, John Locke, Benedict Spinoza, Blaise Pascal, Charles-Louis de Montesquieu, Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant, Ludwig Feuerbach, Arthur Schopenhauer, Søren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche.

  14. Bibliographie

    OpenAIRE

    2014-01-01

    Anderson Benedict, L’imaginaire national. Réflexions sur l’origine et l’essor du nationalisme, Paris, La Découverte, 2002. Arguedas José Maria, El Sexto, Barcelone, Laia, 1974. Avilés Marco,Día de visita, Confesiones de mujeres desde el penal Santa Mónica, Lima, Aguilar, 2007. Azaola E., Prisiones para mujeres : un enfoque de género, México, Programa interdisciplinario de Estudios de la Mujer, 1998. Bejar Héctor, « Las cárceles en el Perú ¿rehabilitación o castigo ? » in « Visión del Perú », ...

  15. High pressure phase equilibrium of ternary and multicomponent alkane mixtures in the temperature range from (283–473) K

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Regueira Muñiz, Teresa; Liu, Yiqun; Wibowo, Ahmad A.

    2017-01-01

    /n-butane/n-octane/n-dodecane/n-hexadecane/n-eicosane as model reservoir fluids and measured their phase equilibrium in the temperature range from (283–473) K by using a variable volume cell with full visibility. Their phase envelopes and liquid volume fractions below the saturation pressure have been measured. Four equations of state, including Soave......-Redlich-Kwong (SRK), Peng-Robinson (PR), Perturbed Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT), and Soave-Benedict-Webb-Rubin (Soave-BWR), have been used to predict phase equilibrium of the measured systems. PR and PC-SAFT give better results than others and Soave-BWR gives poor phase envelope predictions...

  16. Church and art: from the second Vatican Council to today

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mauro Mantovani

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available This text deals with the relationship between the Catholic Church and art from the Second Vatican Council to today. For this reason it considers some of the most important interventions about art by recent popes (Montini - Paul VI; Wojtyła - John Paul II; Ratzinger - Benedict XVI, Bergoglio - Francis also mentioning some activities that the Holy See is currently promoting. These pages are intended to offer a contribution, mainly theoretical, for those who are working in the field of the planning and promotion of artistic and cultural events, especially if these events are related to religious heritage.

  17. Influence Voltage Pulse Electrical Discharge In The Water at the Endurance Fatigue Of Carbon Steel

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    I.A. Vakulenko

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Effect of pulses of electrical discharge in the water at the magnitude of the limited endurance under cyclic loading thermally hardened carbon steel was investigated. Observed increase stamina during cyclic loading a corresponding increase in the number of accumulated dislocations on the fracture surface. Using the equation of Cofino-Manson has revealed a decrease of strain loading cycle after treatment discharges. For field-cycle fatigue as a result of processing the voltage pulses carbon steel structure improvement, followed by growth of limited endurance decrease per cycle of deformation. With increasing amplitude of the voltage loop gain stamina effect on metal processing voltage pulses is reduced. The results can be used to extend the life of parts that are subject to cyclic loading.

  18. Parametric methods of describing and extrapolating the characteristics of long-term strength of refractory materials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tsvilyuk, I.S.; Avramenko, D.S.

    1986-01-01

    This paper carries out the comparative analysis of the suitability of parametric methods for describing and extrapolating the results of longterm tests on refractory materials. Diagrams are presented of the longterm strength of niobium based alloys tested in a vacuum of 1.3 X 10 -3 Pa. The predicted values and variance of the estimate of endurance of refractory alloys are presented by parametric dependences. The longterm strength characteristics can be described most adequately by the Manson-Sakkop and Sherby-Dorn methods. Several methods must be used to ensure the reliable extrapolation of the longterm strength characteristics to the time period an order of magnitude longer than the experimental data. The most suitable method cannot always be selected on the basis of the correlation ratio

  19. Breast cancer in female radium dial workers first employed before 1930

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Adams, E.E.; Brues, A.M.

    1982-01-01

    Female radium dial workers first employed before 1930 were analyzed for breast cancer mortality and incidence using method and rate tables described by Manson and the Mantel-Haenszel summary chi-square test for significance. Of 1180 located women, 736 were measured to estimate radium intake. This measured group was analyzed for breast cancer mortality and incidence according to four possible risk factors: radium intake dose, duration of employment, age at first exposure, and parity. The located women had a mortality ratio of 1.51 (p < 0.05). The measured women showed a significant excess of breast cancer incidence and mortality only among those women with a radium intake of 50 μCi or greater. Although not significant, incidence and mortality ratios were slightly higher for nulliparous women

  20. Implementation of the CCGM approximation for surface diffraction using Wigner R-matrix theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lauderdale, J.G.; McCurdy, C.W.

    1983-01-01

    The CCGM approximation for surface scattering proposed by Cabrera, Celli, Goodman, and Manson [Surf. Sci. 19, 67 (1970)] is implemented for realistic surface interaction potentials using Wigner R-matrix theory. The resulting procedure is highly efficient computationally and is in no way limited to hard wall or purely repulsive potentials. Comparison is made with the results of close-coupling calculations of other workers which include the same diffraction channels in order to fairly evaluate the CCGM approximation which is an approximation to the coupled channels Lippman--Schwinger equation for the T matrix. The shapes of selective adsorption features, whether maxima or minima, in the scattered intensity are well represented in this approach for cases in which the surface corrugation is not too strong

  1. Resting energy expenditure and body composition in patients with head and neck cancer: An observational study leading to a new predictive equation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Souza, Micheline Tereza Pires; Singer, Pierre; Ozorio, Gislaine Aparecida; Rosa, Vitor Modesto; Alves, Maria Manuela Ferreira; Mendoza López, Rossana Verónica; Waitzberg, Dan L

    2018-02-05

    Patients with head and neck cancer have changes in body composition and resting energy expenditure (REE) related to significant inflammatory processes. We investigated REE and body composition in a population of patients with head and neck cancer, comparing the measured REE with predicted energy expenditure and deriving an equation of anthropometric values and body composition. This retrospective, observational, descriptive study of a single center included patients with head and neck cancer. We evaluated nutritional status by body mass index (BMI) and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), body composition by electric bioimpedance, and REE by indirect calorimetry (IC). We included 140 patients, most of whom were men (80.7%), 60 y or older (58.6%), and had advanced disease (77.9%). Most were malnourished by BMI standards (77.9%) and severely malnourished according to the PG-SGA (49.3%), with a fat-free mass below the ideal values (82.9%) associated with sarcopenia (92.1%). Hypermetabolism was 57%. When comparing REE with the Harris-Benedict formula, we found the agreement limits from -546 613 to 240 708, the mean difference was -152 953 (95% confidence interval [CI], -185 844 to -120 062) and Pitman's variance test was r = -0.294 (P = 0.001). When we included the activity factor and the thermogenesis factor in REE and compared with Harris-Benedict, we found the agreement limits from -764.423 to 337.087, a mean difference of -213.668 (95% CI -259.684 to -167.652), and the Pitman's variance text at r = -0.292 (P = 0.001). Predictive equations, generally recommended by guidelines, are imprecise when compared with IC measures. Therefore, we suggest a new predictive equation. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. Juruena local healers and the plants and verbal blessings they use for healing in Mato Grosso, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcia Regina Antunes Maciel

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Quack benediction has been used in Europe since the middle ages to treat lots of illness. In Brazil the bezendores appeared during the XVII century and interpretation of their knowledge, traditional use and management of plant resources are commonly addressed in ethnobotanical studies. Braziliam bezendores prescribe plants that can be used as medicine or as an amulet for personal protection. This use of plant material are present in the national popular culture. The present study was carried out at the municipality of Juruena, in Mato Grosso state, and it aimed to understand the importance of benzedeiras, to identify the plants used by them and how they are prescribed and manipulated. To reach the objectives we used techniques of participant-observation, semi-structured interviews and intentional samples. Additionally botanical material were collected and is deposited in the UFMT Herbarium. Four benzedeiras were interviewed between Septembrer/2002 and November of 2003 and they revealed an expressive botanical knowledge relating to quack benediction. They can benzer, prepare and prescribe teas, bottle preparative, medicinal baths and unguents. The illness cited by the benzedeiras was grouped as physical (for example, toothache, bellyache, and spiritual. A total of 87 ethno-species was mentioned arranged in 31 botanical families and between them it is important to pointing out erva-de-Santa-Maria (Chenopodium ambrosioides L., chapéu-de-couro (Echinodorus macrophyllus Miq., quina-do-mato (Strychnos sp., ipê-roxo (Tabebuia heptaphylla (Vell. Toledo, arruda (Ruta graveolens L., guiné (Petiveria alliacea L., comigo-ninguém-pode (Dieffenbachia picta L.. The popular medicine practiced by bezendeiras meets the necessities of people that is looking for the cure for its own problems. Values and cultural heritage are inserted in the "benzimento" and this culture is alive at Juruena.

  3. Hand-held indirect calorimeter offers advantages compared with prediction equations, in a group of overweight women, to determine resting energy expenditures and estimated total energy expenditures during research screening.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Spears, Karen E; Kim, Hyunsook; Behall, Kay M; Conway, Joan M

    2009-05-01

    To compare standardized prediction equations to a hand-held indirect calorimeter in estimating resting energy and total energy requirements in overweight women. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by hand-held indirect calorimeter and calculated by prediction equations Harris-Benedict, Mifflin-St Jeor, World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations University (WHO), and Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). Physical activity level, assessed by questionnaire, was used to estimate total energy expenditure (TEE). Subjects (n=39) were female nonsmokers older than 25 years of age with body mass index more than 25. Repeated measures analysis of variance, Bland-Altman plot, and fitted regression line of difference. A difference within +/-10% of two methods indicated agreement. Significant proportional bias was present between hand-held indirect calorimeter and prediction equations for REE and TEE (Pvalues and underestimated at higher values. Mean differences (+/-standard error) for REE and TEE between hand-held indirect calorimeter and Harris-Benedict were -5.98+/-46.7 kcal/day (P=0.90) and 21.40+/-75.7 kcal/day (P=0.78); between hand-held indirect calorimeter and Mifflin-St Jeor were 69.93+/-46.7 kcal/day (P=0.14) and 116.44+/-75.9 kcal/day (P=0.13); between hand-held indirect calorimeter and WHO were -22.03+/-48.4 kcal/day (P=0.65) and -15.8+/-77.9 kcal/day (P=0.84); and between hand-held indirect calorimeter and DRI were 39.65+/-47.4 kcal/day (P=0.41) and 56.36+/-85.5 kcal/day (P=0.51). Less than 50% of predictive equation values were within +/-10% of hand-held indirect calorimeter values, indicating poor agreement. A significant discrepancy between predicted and measured energy expenditure was observed. Further evaluation of hand-held indirect calorimeter research screening is needed.

  4. Sensitive Measurement of the Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ben-Ezra, Shalva; Glaberson, William I.

    2006-09-01

    We have developed a new technique for probing the Kosterlitz - Thouless transition in thin helium films. The technique is based on operation of a single quartz crystal microbalance at two different harmonic frequencies simultaneously. The technique is insensitive to surface effects, and provides the means for monitoring the heating of the film. By suppressing heating and surface effects we were able to systematically compare the results with the existing theories of ANHS, Bowley, Armour and Benedict, and Armour and Bowley. Substantial agreement with the last model of Armour and Bowley was observed. To the best our knowledge this is the first time that the experimental data in the frequency range 10-30MHz is compared to theoretical models.

  5. First Record of Cleantioides planicauda (Crustacea: Isopoda: Holognathidae from South Korea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gi-Sik Min

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Cleantioides planicauda (Benedict, 1899 has previously been recorded in China and Japan. In the present study, to our knowledge, we report for the first time the occurrence of this species in South Korea. Here, we provide detailed descriptions and illustrations of the diagnostic characteristics of C. planicauda. Further, for the first time, we determined the partial sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1 gene of C. planicauda for molecular characteristic. Additionally, we provide a key to the Korean species and distribution of the genus Cleantioides. As a result of this study, four species of the genus Cleantioides, including C. planicauda, have now been recorded in South Korea.

  6. The Role of the Popes in the Invention of Complementarity and the Anathematization of Gender

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mary Anne Case

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available This article examines the origins and uses by the Vatican of the theological anthropology of complementarity, arguing that the doctrine of complementarity, under which the sexes are essentially different though not unequal, is an invention of the twentieth century untraceable in earlier centuries, but developed by, among others, the Popes from Pius XII through Benedict XVI, in part as a response to feminist claims, including those recently anathematized by the Vatican under the term ‘gender.’ After exploring some difficulties with the application of the doctrine of complementarity as Catholic orthodoxy, the article concludes by compiling preliminary evidence as to the extent Pope Francis will continue his predecessors’ approach to complementarity.

  7. Application of Statistical Thermodynamics in Refrigeration

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Avsec, J.; Marcic, M.

    1999-01-01

    The paper presents the mathematical model for computing the thermodynamical properties in the liquid, gas and two-phase domain by means of statistical thermodynamics. The paper features all important components (translation, rotation, internal rotation, vibration, intermolecular potential energy and influence of electron and nuclei excitation). To calculate the thermodynamic properties of real gases, we have developed the cluster theory, which yields better results than the virial equation. In case of real liquids, the Johnson-Zollweg-Gubbins model based on the modified Benedict-Webb-Rubin (BWR) equation was applied. The Lennard-Jones intermolecular potential was used. The analytical results are compared with the thermodynamical data and models obtained from classical thermodynamics, and they show relatively good agreement. (author)

  8. Activities of ZGS people in the 1980's and 1990's

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Day, J.

    1994-01-01

    The ZGS people went off in every direction: to universities, to other laboratories, to universities and laboratories in other countries, and to other occupations in the private sector or federal agencies. Some people even cycled around through one or more of the above and eventually would up back to Argonne. As a good pupil of the David Manson school of weasel words. I recognize the need to insert a open-quotes to the best of my knowledgeclose quotes disclaimer statement here. It became clear to me that I couldn't vouch for the accuracy of all of the information shown below when, to my surprise and delight, I found on the official registration list for this conference the names of people I really, really, never expected to see again exclamation point

  9. Bedrock morphology and structure, upper Santa Cruz Basin, south-central Arizona, with transient electromagnetic survey data

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bultman, Mark W.; Page, William R.

    2016-10-31

    The upper Santa Cruz Basin is an important groundwater basin containing the regional aquifer for the city of Nogales, Arizona. This report provides data and interpretations of data aimed at better understanding the bedrock morphology and structure of the upper Santa Cruz Basin study area which encompasses the Rio Rico and Nogales 1:24,000-scale U.S. Geological Survey quadrangles. Data used in this report include the Arizona Aeromagnetic and Gravity Maps and Data referred to here as the 1996 Patagonia Aeromagnetic survey, Bouguer gravity anomaly data, and conductivity-depth transforms (CDTs) from the 1998 Santa Cruz transient electromagnetic survey (whose data are included in appendixes 1 and 2 of this report).Analyses based on magnetic gradients worked well to identify the range-front faults along the Mt. Benedict horst block, the location of possibly fault-controlled canyons to the west of Mt. Benedict, the edges of buried lava flows, and numerous other concealed faults and contacts. Applying the 1996 Patagonia aeromagnetic survey data using the horizontal gradient method produced results that were most closely correlated with the observed geology.The 1996 Patagonia aeromagnetic survey was used to estimate depth to bedrock in the upper Santa Cruz Basin study area. Three different depth estimation methods were applied to the data: Euler deconvolution, horizontal gradient magnitude, and analytic signal. The final depth to bedrock map was produced by choosing the maximum depth from each of the three methods at a given location and combining all maximum depths. In locations of rocks with a known reversed natural remanent magnetic field, gravity based depth estimates from Gettings and Houser (1997) were used.The depth to bedrock map was supported by modeling aeromagnetic anomaly data along six profiles. These cross sectional models demonstrated that by using the depth to bedrock map generated in this study, known and concealed faults, measured and estimated magnetic

  10. Bajtín y el giro espacial: intertextualidad, vanguardismo, parasitismo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    James Ramey

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo interviene en diversos debates actuales de los estudios literarios, con el fin de analizar el aspecto espacial o geográfico de la intertextualidad, y específicamente de las fuerzas centrípetas y centrífugas de los lenguajes nacionales teorizadas por Bajtín. Propone que los vanguardismos provienen de lo que Bajtín denomina la fuerza centrífuga o heteroglota de los lenguajes nacionales, y llega a la conclusión de que los vanguardismos en sí son entidades parasitarias que trascienden las conciencias nacionales para replicarse en el tiempo y el espacio. Incluye discusiones de obras de Stephen Greenblatt, John Brenkman, J. Hillis Miller y Benedict Anderson.

  11. Sound velocity and equation-of-state measurements in high pressure fluid and solid helium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liebenberg, D.H.; Mills, R.L.; Bronson, J.C.

    1979-01-01

    A piston--cylinder apparatus was used to obtain P, V, T, and simultaneous values of longitudinal sound velocity in helium fluid throughout the ranges 75 to 300 0 K and 3 to 20 kbar. Some 670 data sets were obtained for the fluid and used in a double-process least-squares fit to an equation of state of the Benedict type. Additional measurements extended across the melting line into the solid phase at pressures up to 18 kbar. Measurements of the compressibility are compared with those obtained by Stewart along the 4 0 K isotherm up to 20 kbar. We discuss the use of helium as a pressure medium in high-pressure diamond anvil cells. Essentially no data are given

  12. Amerykańska ekopoezja – nowa odmiana tradycyjnej poezji natury

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariusz Marszalski

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available American ecological poetry is a relatively recent literary phenomenon that has marked its existence within the tradition of nature poetry. It is represented by such poets as Robinson Jeffers, Gary Snyder, Archie R. Ammons, Denise Levertov, Mary Oliver and Wendell Berry. The major feature that distinguishes ecopoetry from traditional nature poetry is its distinct biocentrism that is manifested in the attitude of humility towards the world of nature and a critical approach to technological civilization posing danger to Earth’s eco-community. On the level of the ecological consciousness that it promotes, ecopoetry is inspired by such ecosophies as Benedict Spinoza’s monistic pantheism, Aldo Leopold’s earth ethics, Arne Naess’s deep ecology and James Lovelock’s concept of Gaia.

  13. Life Prediction of Low Cycle Fatigue for Ni-base Superalloy GTD111 DS at Elevated Temperature

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Jin Yeol; Yoon, Dong Hyun; Kim, Jae Hoon [Chungnam Nat’l Univ., Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Bae, Si Yeon; Chang, Sung Yong; Chang, Sung Ho [KEPCO Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

    2017-08-15

    GTD111 DS of nickel base superalloy has been used for gas turbine blades. In this study, low cycle fatigue test was conducted on the GTD111 DS alloy by setting conditions similar to the real operating environment. The low cycle fatigue tests were conducted at room temperature, 760 °C, 870 °C, and various strain amplitudes. Test results showed that fatigue life decreased with increasing total strain amplitude. Cyclic hardening response was observed at room temperature and 760 °C; however, tests conducted at 870 °C showed cyclic softening response. Stress relaxation was observed at 870 °C because creep effects occurred from holding time. A relationship between fatigue life and total strain range was obtained from the Coffin-Manson method. The fratography using a SEM was carried out at the crack initiation and propagation regions.

  14. Low cycle fatigue and creep-fatigue interaction behavior of nickel-base superalloy GH4169 at elevated temperature of 650 °C

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chen, G., E-mail: agang@tju.edu.cn [School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); Zhang, Y. [School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); Xu, D.K. [Environmental Corrosion Center, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016 (China); Lin, Y.C. [School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083 (China); Chen, X. [School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China)

    2016-02-08

    Total strain-controlled low cycle fatigue (LCF) tests of a nickel based superalloy were performed at 650 °C. Various hold times were introduced at the peak tensile strain to investigate the high-temperature creep-fatigue interaction (CFI) effects under the same temperature. A substantial decrease in fatigue life occurred as the total strain amplitude increased. Moreover, tensile strain holding further reduced fatigue life. The saturation phenomenon of holding effect was found when the holding period reached 120 s. Cyclic softening occurred during the LCF and CFI process and it was related to the total strain amplitude and the holding period. The relationship between life-time and total strain amplitude was obtained by combining Basquin equation and Coffin-Manson equation. The surface and fracture section of the fatigued specimens were observed via scanning electronic microscope (SEM) to determine the failure mechanism.

  15. La satira e la storia delle emozioni. Una relazione privilegiata?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dario Pasquini

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available The present essay discusses interpretations of satire offered by different disciplines. Furthermore it hypothesizes that both verbal and visual satirical texts provide particularly useful evidences of the emotions related to a certain historical period or a certain context. The author analyzes sources from the satirical press, which has been the subject of his PhD research, and from the current affairs in order to proof the abovementioned hypothesis. Examples include articles and cartoons from satirical periodicals of the 1940s such as «Il Bertoldo», which was published in Milan, and «Ulenspiegel», which was published in Berlin. Furthermore the author analyzes comments posted by readers of on-line newspapers in relation to the recent lawsuit taken by Pope Benedict XVI against the German satirical magazines «Titanic».

  16. Galatheoid squat lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura from Korean waters

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jung Nyun Kim

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Ten species of Galatheoidea (squat lobsters, belonging to two families, were collected in the Korean exclusive economic zone: Galathea balssi Miyake and Baba, 1964, Galathea orientalis Stimpson, 1858, Galathea pubescens Stimpson, 1858, and Galathea rubromaculata Miyake and Baba, 1967 belonging to Galatheidae; Bathymunida brevirostris Yokoya, 1933, Cervimunida princeps Benedict, 1902, Munida caesura Macpherson and Baba, 1993, Munida japonica Stimpson, 1858, Munida pherusa Macpherson and Baba, 1993, and Paramunida scabra (Henderson, 1885 belonging to Munididae. The present study comprises the morphological description of these ten species, including drawings and color photographs, a brief review of their regional records, and a key for their identification. Although all species are common in Japanese waters, G. balssi, G. rubromaculata, B. brevirostris, C. princeps, M. caesura, and M. pherusa are new to Korean marine fauna.

  17. Voyages of a successful text. The Dialogi of Gregory the Great in Medieval Sicily (XII-XIV Century

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rossana Barcellona

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available This essay reconstructs two “Sicilian chapters” of great success from the Dialogi by Gregorius Magnus which were enjoyed in the medieval era. These are the legend of Placido (Placido is a Benedict's young disciple mentioned in the Dialogi, which has Sicily as a background, as recounted by Pietro, Deacon of Montecassino between the XI and the XII centuries, and the Sicilian vulgarization of the work, carried out by Giovanni Campolo in the first half of the XIV century. The literary voyage of Placido and the work of Campolo are two excellent examples of the circulation and the fruition of an exemplary and authoritative text. Each highlights the complex intricacy of religion, culture and politics in the various systems of power and in the various historical settings that the medieval age explored.

  18. Density and Compressibility of Multicomponent n-Alkane Mixtures up to 463 K and 140 MPa

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Regueira, Teresa; Glykioti, Maria-Lito; Stenby, Erling Halfdan

    2017-01-01

    Density measurements of two ternary alkane mixtures (methane/n-butane/n-decane and methane/n-butane/n-dodecane) and two multicomponent mixtures composed of methane/n-butane/n-octane/n-dodecane/n-hexadecane/n-eicosane were performed in the temperature range from (278.15 to 463.15) K and pressures ......–Redlich–Kwong (SRK), Peng–Robinson (PR), Perturbed Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT), and Soave-Benedict-Webb-Rubin (Soave-BWR) were used for predicting the experimental density values as well as the excess volumes....... to 140 MPa. The isothermal compressibility values of these mixtures were obtained by differentiation from a Tait-type fitting of experimental densities as a function of temperature and pressure. Excess volume of the studied mixtures was also determined. Four different equations of state, that is, Soave...

  19. Determining the Optimal Protocol for Measuring an Albuminuria Class Transition in Clinical Trials in Diabetic Kidney Disease

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kröpelin, Tobias F; de Zeeuw, Dick; Remuzzi, Giuseppe

    2016-01-01

    Albuminuria class transition (normo- to micro- to macroalbuminuria) is used as an intermediate end point to assess renoprotective drug efficacy. However, definitions of such class transition vary between trials. To determine the most optimal protocol, we evaluated the approaches used in four...... effect increased (decreased precision) with stricter end point definitions, resulting in a loss of statistical significance. In conclusion, the optimal albuminuria transition end point for use in drug intervention trials can be determined with a single urine collection for albuminuria assessment per...... clinical trials testing the effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system intervention on albuminuria class transition in patients with diabetes: the BENEDICT, the DIRECT, the ALTITUDE, and the IRMA-2 Trial. The definition of albuminuria class transition used in each trial differed from the definitions...

  20. Nonclassicality indicator for the real phase-space distribution functions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sadeghi, Parvin; Khademi, Siamak; Nasiri, Sadollah

    2010-01-01

    Benedict et al. and Kenfack et al. advocated nonclassicality indicators based on the measurement of negativity of the Wigner distribution functions. These indicators have some applications in quantum mechanics and quantum optics. In this paper we define a nonclassicality indicator in terms of the interference in phase space, which is applicable to some real distribution functions including those of Wigner. As a special case one may reproduce the previous results using our indicator for the Wigner distribution functions. This indicator is examined for cases of the Schroedinger cat state and the thermal states and the results are compared with those obtained by previous methods. It seems that the physical behavior of nonclassicality indicators originates in the uncertainty principle. This is shown by an onto correspondence between these indicators and the uncertainty principle.

  1. Scientific approach to the specific liturgical features in the pontificate of Pope Benedict XVI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Peter Caban

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Artykuł dotyczy pontyfikatu papieża Benedykta XVI i jego wkładu w dziedzinie liturgii. Zwraca uwagę na różne fakty rozwijające się w duchu autentyczności i wierności względem liturgii rzymskokatolickiej, na możliwości liturgicznej formy rytów, na nowe motu proprio i na użycie języka łacińskiego w liturgii zachodniej. Artykuł pragnie dać obraz pontyfikatu obecnego papieża w relacji do duszpasterskiej posługi w parafiach. Chce ukazać, że liturgia w jej różnorodności nie jest nigdy krokiem wstecz, ale przejawem autentyczności i wierności względem orędzia Chrystusa.

  2. VizieR Online Data Catalog: 2007.5 to 2010.4 HST astrometry of HD 202206 (Benedict+, 2017)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Benedict, G. F.; Harrison, T. E.

    2017-08-01

    For this study astrometric measurements came from Fine Guidance Sensor 1r (FGS 1r), an upgraded FGS installed in 1997 during the second Hubble Space Telescope (HST) servicing mission. It provided superior fringes from which to obtain target and reference star positions (McArthur et al. 2003hstc.conf..373M). We utilized only the fringe tracking mode (POS mode) in this investigation. POS mode observations of a star have a typical duration of 60s, during which over 2000 individual position measures are collected. The astrometric centroid is estimated by choosing the median measure, after filtering large outliers (caused by cosmic-ray hits and particles trapped by the Earth's magnetic field). The standard deviation of the measures provides a measurement error. We refer to the aggregate of astrometric centroids of each star secured during one visibility period as an "orbit". Because one of the pillars of the scientific method involves reproducibility, we present a complete ensemble of time-tagged HD202206 and reference star astrometric measurements, Optical Field Angle Distortion (OFAD; McArthur et al. 2006hstc.conf..396M) and intra-orbit-drift-corrected, in Table2, along with calculated parallax factors in R.A. and decl. These data, collected from 2007.5 to 2010.4, in addition to providing material for confirmation of our results, might ultimately be combined with Gaia measures, significantly extending the time baseline of astrometry, thereby improving proper motion and perturbation characterization. Our band passes for reference star photometry include: BVRI photometry of the reference stars from the NMSU 1m telescope located at Apache Point Observatory and JHK (from 2MASS; see Cutri et al. 2003, Cat. II/246). Table4 lists the visible and infrared photometry for the HD202206 reference stars. To establish spectral type and luminosity class, the reference frame stars were observed on 2009 December 9 using the RCSPEC on the Blanco 4m telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO). We used the KPGL1 grating to give a dispersion of 0.95Å/pix. Classifications used a combination of template matching and line ratios. We determine the spectral types for the higher S/N stars to within ±1 subclass. Classifications for the lower S/N stars have ±2 subclass uncertainty. Table5 lists the spectral types and luminosity classes for our reference stars. (6 data files).

  3. Examination of the creep behaviour of microstructurally unstable ferritic steels

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Williams, K.R.

    1981-01-01

    The inherent microstructural instability of 1/2Cr 1/2Mo 1/4V; 21/4Cr 1Mo and carbon steels creep tested or service exposed at low stresses is demonstrated. Measurements of important dispersion parameters have been made during creep life and have been found to follow normal coarsening kinetics. Using the measured time dependent change of the dispersion parameters, a dislocation source controlled model for recovery creep is used and further developed. The model allows the calculation of the Manson-Haferd plot of log (time to failure) against temperature for unstable steels. In addition, a classification of material stability is proposed, based on the ratio of time to fracture, t(sub f), and time to tertiary creep, tsub(t). This classification enables estimates of remaining creep life to be based either on well established criteria for stable materials or modifications of these criteria for unstable steels. (author)

  4. An advanced revised universal slope method for low cycle fatigue evaluation of elbow piping subjected to in-plane cyclic bending displacement

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Urabe, Yoshio

    2015-01-01

    In order to rationalize the low cycle fatigue evaluation of elbow piping subjected to in-plane cyclic bending displacement, an advanced revised universal slope method is proposed. In the proposed method, the coefficient of the first term of the fatigue life equation which resembles Manson's equation is expressed by parameters of the multi-axial degree, the tensile strength and the fracture strength. Also, the coefficient of the second term is expressed by the multi-axial degree, the fracture ductility and the minimum fracture ductility under the maximum multi-axial degree. Here equivalent strain range is used for the fatigue life estimation. The previously carried out pipe elbow test data were reanalyzed using the proposed method. As the result, the experimentally obtained fatigue lives had considerably good coincidences with the predicted fatigue lives by the proposed method. Application of the proposed method is also discussed. (author)

  5. Low Cycle Fatigue of Steel in Strain Controled Cyclic Bending

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kulesa Anna

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available The paper presents a comparison of the fatigue life curves based on test of 15Mo3 steel under cyclic, pendulum bending and tension-compression. These studies were analyzed in terms of a large and small number of cycles where strain amplitude is dependent on the fatigue life. It has been shown that commonly used Manson-Coffin-Basquin model cannot be used for tests under cyclic bending due to the impossibility of separating elastic and plastic strains. For this purpose, some well-known models of Langer and Kandil and one new model of authors, where strain amplitude is dependent on the number of cycles, were proposed. Comparing the results of bending with tension-compression it was shown that for smaller strain amplitudes the fatigue life for both test methods were similar, for higher strain amplitudes fatigue life for bending tests was greater than for tension-compression.

  6. Scattering of atoms by solid surfaces: A CCGM theory of diffraction by a one-dimensional stationary periodic wall

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goodman, F.O.; Scribani, L.

    1981-01-01

    The CCGM theory of elastic atom--surface scattering, proposed by Cabrera, Celli, Goodman, and Manson [Surf. Sci. 19, 67 (1970)], is applied to the now-popular corrugated wall model of the scattering. Instead of the original ''hard'' wall, a ''softer'' wall, with finite potential step height, is used. The CCGM soft-wall results are compared with corresponding exact hard-wall results, for corrugations of the sinusoidal type and of other types, for example those with nondifferentiable corrugation functions. It is concluded that the CCGM soft-wall results agree well with the exact hard-wall results provided that neither the dimensionless corrugation amplitude nor the dimensionless atom wave number is too large, although no explanation of the reason for this agreement is given. The results are important because a typical exact calculation may be far more time consuming than is a typical CCGM calculation, particularly for the ''nastier'' corrugation functions

  7. Studies in the electronic structure of matter

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Swarts, C.A.

    1979-01-01

    The results of various theories for the angular distribution of electrons photoemitted from the outermost p-shell of rare gas atoms are compared. The theories compared are the local density theories of Slater (X/sub α/) and of Hohenberg, Kohn and Sham, the pseudopotential method, Hartree-Fock theory as evaluated by Kennedy and Manson, and Amusia's random phase approximation with exchange (RPAE). Extended Huekel theory is applied to GaAs, GaP, and to the nitrogen isoelectronic trap in GaAs and GaP. The computer perfect crystal band structures are found to be in reasonable agreement with those computed with empirical pseudopotentials. Nitrogen impurity levels in GaAs and GaP are calculated using a cluster model. By means of model calculations for an independent electron metal, exact lineshapes are obtained for the photon absorption, emission and photoemission spectra of deep core states. 97 references

  8. Thermal shock problems in a plate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takeuti, Y.; Furukawa, T.

    1981-01-01

    The problems considered are coupled dynamic thermoelastic analysis in a plate. First we try to examine a problem of the coupled dynamic thermal stress problem with small time approximation for the finite region. Next, we treatise both effects individually by pursuing rigorous anaylsis without small time approximation. Finally we consider thermal shock problems in a plate against different values of heat transfer coefficient (Biot's number) for the time. In conclusion, for usual materials, the inertia effect may be disregarded in the pure thermal problems in contrast to the coupling effect which brings small lags in the temperature and thermal stress distributions. For the consideration of the maximum thermal stress problems, Manson's uncoupled quasi-static results give enough approximation to the thermal shock problems without significant error from our numerical results. The analysis is developed by the use of Laplace transforms and several useful graphical illustrations are given. (orig./HP)

  9. No Underskirts in Africa: Edison Carneiro and the "Lineages" of Afro-Brazilian Religious Anthropology

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yvonne Maggie

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available The article presents the folklorist, essayist, journalist and anthropologist Edison Carneiro (1912-1972 and situates him among the “lineages” or intellectual affiliations in the context of studies on Afro-Brazilian religious groups. Describing the life of Edison Carneiro, his relationship with American anthropologist Ruth Landes and his participation in the folkloric movement, I look to situate Carneiro among the various intellectual trends found within the study of Afro-Brazilian religions. I argue that the author occupied an ambiguous position in terms of the African presence in the constitution of Afro-Brazilian religions, showing close proximities to Ruth Landes, Franklin Frazier, Ruth Benedict, Donald Pierson and Robert Park on the one hand, and Melville Herskovitz, Roger Bastide and Arthur Ramos on the other. Carneiro’s studies of Candomblé de Caboclo express this double bind.

  10. Equation-of-state for fluids at high densities-hydrogen isotope measurements and thermodynamic derivations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liebenberg, D.H.; Mills, R.L.; Bronson, J.C.

    1977-01-01

    Hydrogen isotopes play an important role in energy technologies, in particular, the compression to high densities for initiation of controlled thermonuclear fusion energy. At high densities the properties of the compressed hydrogen isotopes depart drastically from ideal thermodynamic predictions. The measurement of accurate data including the author's own recent measurements of n-H 2 and n-D 2 in the range 75 to 300 K and 0.2 to 2.0 GPa (2 to 20 kbar) is reviewed. An equation-of-state of the Benedict type is fit to these data with a double-process least-squares computer program. The results are reviewed and compared with existing data and with a variety of theoretical work reported for fluid hydrogens. A new heuristic correlation is presented for simplicity in predicting volumes and sound velocity at high pressures. 9 figures, 1 table

  11. [The dignity of older persons in view of postconciliar church teaching].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Necek, Ks Robert

    2014-01-01

    Dignity is innate value of human. In perspective of human dignity the health protection of patients is the essence of medical deontology, duty of love, which is taking by doctor and nurse is express by practice of profession, which does not lose human features. It is important, that is impossible to enjoin love, because love is not an order, it is open for other's needs. By virtue of this elderly cannot be treated like things in economic system of hospital, but through love "we should enable the elderly to grow in the conventional wisdom gathered by the entire life". Pope Benedict XVI notices that, every work, competence is the most important thing. Due to it, medicine extend respect for body human and the law, which rules it, furthermore recognize human life as sign of unexplored secret.

  12. Comparison of GERG-2008 and simpler EoS models in calculation of phase equilibrium and physical properties of natural gas related systems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Varzandeh, Farhad; Stenby, Erling Halfdan; Yan, Wei

    2017-01-01

    Accurate description of thermodynamic properties of natural gas systems is of great significance in the oil and gas industry. For this application, non-cubic equations of state (EoSs) are advantageous due to their better density and compressibility description. Among the non-cubic models, GERG-2008...... is a new wide-range EoS for natural gases and other mixtures of 21 natural gas components. It is considered as a standard reference equation suitable for natural gas applications where highly accurate thermodynamic properties are required. Soave's modification of Benedict-Webb-Rubin (Soave-BWR) Eo......S is another model that despite its empirical nature, provides accurate density description even around the critical point. It is much simpler than GERG-2008 and easier to handle and generalize to reservoir oil fluids. This study presents a comprehensive comparison between GERG-2008 and other cubic (SRK and PR...

  13. The Pope’s Jesus book and the Christologies of the gospels

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wim J.C. Weren

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available This article maps out recent developments in the exegetical investigation of Jesus. It starts with a discussion of the Jesus book by Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI, in which ‘canonical exegesis’ is used to argue that Johannine Christology is also present in the other gospels and that this Christology actually goes back to Jesus. In this way, the book narrows the gap between the historical Jesus and the Christ of faith. The next section argues for maintaining the multiplicity of images of Jesus as a literary figure that is the fruit of relatively recent approaches: redaction criticism, narrative-semantic analysis and intertextuality. The final section contains a sketch of the current state of research on the historical Jesus and its relevance for Christology. The multiplicity in the literary and historical approaches poses challenges to the further development of Christology.

  14. Fenol y niveles plaquetarios por exposición ocupacional a benceno en trabajadores de estaciones de servicio de la parroquía Pedro José Ovalles, Maracay, Venezuela, 2016 | Phenol and platelet levels for exposure to bencen in workers of service stations, parish Pedro José Ovalles, Maracay, Venezuela, 2016

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Franklin Pacheco

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Decreased platelet counts are known to be the most sensitive indicator of benzene exposure. The objective of this investigation was to relate the concentration of mg phenol/g-creat and the decrease of the platelet count, by exposure to benzene. A descriptive, cross-correlation and field study was carried out involving 29 service station workers and a control group of 27 workers without occupational exposure. For the platelet count, the Mindray hematology analyzer was used, while Theis-Benedict method was employed for phenol, and Jaffé modified for creatinine. Significant deference was observed in platelet and urinary phenol levels between both groups. A significant negative association was found between platelet levels and time in service in the study group. It was evidenced that as the level of urinary phenol increases in the workers' organism, platelet levels tend to decrease.

  15. Espécies do gênero Munida Leach (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae coletadas entre Torres (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil e Maldonado (Uruguai pelo Programa Rio Grande do Sul (PRS I-II, GEDIP Species of the genus Munida Leach (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae collected between Torres (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and Maldonado (Uruguay, by the Project Rio Grande do Sul (PRS I-II, GEDIP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo A.S. de Melo-Filho

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available The project PRS-GEDIP was carried out in the Rio Grande do Sul coast, with some few stations off Maldonado (Uruguay, by means of a convention between Instituto Oceanográfico USP (IOUSP and the Grupo Executivo do Desenvolvimento da Indústria da Pesca (GEDIP of Rio Grande do Sul. The purpose of this project was the acquisition of data in order to have a better biotic and abiotic characterization of the southern Brazilian coast. Among the Galatheidae, about 1200 specimens of the genus Munida Leach, 1820 were collected, including five species as follows: Munida flinti Benedict, 1902; M. forceps A. Milne Edwards, 1880; M. iris A. Milne Edwards, 1880; M. irrasa A. Milne Edwards. 1880 and M. longipes A. Milne Edwards, 1880. The description, material examined, remarks and maps of the stations where each species was collected are done.

  16. A new lease of life for turbine rotors subject to low-cycle fatigue at elevated temperature

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Coulon, P.A.; Knosp, B.; Saisse, H.

    1989-01-01

    The purpose of the study was to determine the depth of the zone damaged during fatigue crack initiation at the notch root in a Cr Mo V ferritic steel used for the manufacture of steam turbine rotors. Low cycle fatigue tests were conducted at 500 and 550 0 C (932 0 F and 1022 0 F) and the Manson - Coffin curves have been plotted. The results showed firstly that for Na * = 10,000 cycles (Number of cycles for crack initiation Na = 12,500 cycles) the damaged zone in the test-pieces the authors used corresponded to h ≅0.4 mm, and secondly that this zone had the same order of magnitude as the cyclic plastic zone determined according to the mechanical properties of the material studied. Conclusion is clear: if the turbine rotors are remachined over a depth h greater than ≅0.4 mm, their initial low cycle fatigue properties are considered as largely restored

  17. Copper and ceruloplasmin contents in the blood serum of peripheral and pre-hepatic veins Concentrações de cobre e ceruloplasmina no soro sanguíneo de veias periférica e pré-hepática

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    H. M. Canelas

    1976-03-01

    Full Text Available Copper and ceruloplasmin contents were determined in samples of peripheral and pre-hepatic venous blood of 11 patients with Manson's schistosomiasis and one patient with hepatolenticular degeneration, all of çhich submitted either to porto-caval or spleno-renal shunt. Individual difference were not significant in any of the non-Wilsonian patients. The results are discussed in regard to the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of Wilson's disease.Foram determinadas as concentrações de cobre e ceruloplasmina em amostras de sangue venoso periférico e pré-hepático de 11 pacientes esquistossomóticos e de 1 paciente com degeneração hepatolenticular, submetidos a anastomose portocava ou esplenorrenal. Nos 11 pacientes não wilsonianos, as diferenças individuais não se revelaram estatisticamente significantes. Os resultados são comentados em relação aos conhecimentos atuais sobre a patogenia da moléstia de Wilson.

  18. A descoberta e identificação do "Schistosoma Mansoni" por Pirajá da Silva, em 1908, na Bahia (Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dr. Edgard de Cerqueira Falcão

    1959-12-01

    Full Text Available Começa o Autor analisando a observação de Bilharz, o descobridor do S. hisematobittm, o qual botou a presença de dois tipos de ovos espiculados de esquistossomof, parasitos do homem (dotados de acúleos lateral e terminal, na cavidade, uterina de um mesmo verme fêmea. Tal fato, verdadeira ilusão óptica microscópica, foi o ponto de partida para que os helmintologistas do Cairo, A. Lonas à frente, não quisessem aceitar a realidade da existência de duas espécies diferentes do trematóide, sugerida por Manson, em 1903. A seguir, apresenta o Autor a contribuição original do sábio brasileiro Pirajá da Silva, que veio a descobrir e identificar cabalmente a segunda espécie, criada por Sambou em 1907, com o nome de Schistosoma mansoni. Os estudos de P. da Silva ocorreram na Bahia, em 1908.

  19. Uniaxial low cycle fatigue behavior for pre-corroded 16MND5 bainitic steel in simulated pressurized water reactor environment

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Xu; Ren, Bin; Yu, Dunji; Xu, Bin; Zhang, Zhe; Chen, Gang

    2018-06-01

    The effects of uniaxial tension properties and low cycle fatigue behavior of 16MND5 bainitic steel cylinder pre-corroded in simulated pressurized water reactor (PWR) were investigated by fatigue at room temperature in air and immersion test system, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS). The experimental results indicated that the corrosion fatigue lives of 16MND5 specimen were significantly affected by the strain amplitude and simulated PWR environments. The compositions of corrosion products were complexly formed in simulated PWR environments. The porous corrosion surface of pre-corroded materials tended to generate pits as a result of promoting contact area to the fresh metal, which promoted crack initiation. For original materials, the fatigue cracks initiated at inclusions imbedded in the micro-cracks. Moreover, the simulated PWR environments degraded the mechanical properties and low cycle fatigue behavior of 16MND5 specimens remarkably. Pre-corrosion of 16MND5 specimen mainly affected the plastic term of the Coffin-Manson equation.

  20. Out-of-pile fatigue tests on Zircaloy CANDU sheaths

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Roth, Maria; Ciocanescu, Marin; Gheorghiu, Constantin; Pitigoi, Vasile; Ducu, Catalin; Malinovschi, Viorel

    2005-01-01

    The paper outlines the achievements in the nuclear research field of cooperation on Nuclear Fuel performed as part of the collaboration under the Memorandum of Understanding, settled between Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) and Institute for Nuclear Research (ICN), The sheath behavior was simulated using out-of-pile fatigue tests, in conditions identical with those met during the operation in power cycling of CANDU reactor, except for irradiation. A special test rig, designed and carried-out at ICN ensured the experimental requirements according to the Canadian testing procedure. The description of the experimental setup and monitoring of testing parameters were also done. The fatigue life time, expressed as number of cycles to rupture (N), was measured as a function of the total strain amplitude (e) induced in the Zircaloy-4 sheath samples. Strain-Life time fatigue dependence (e-N) under low cycle fatigue conditions was also verified using the Coffin-Manson correlation. (authors)

  1. An accelerated life test model for harmonic drives under a segmental stress history and its parameter optimization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhang Chao

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Harmonic drives have various distinctive advantages and are widely used in space drive mechanisms. Accelerated life test (ALT is commonly conducted to shorten test time and reduce associated costs. An appropriate ALT model is needed to predict the lifetime of harmonic drives with ALT data. However, harmonic drives which are used in space usually work under a segmental stress history, and traditional ALT models can hardly be used in this situation. This paper proposes a dedicated ALT model for harmonic drives applied in space systems. A comprehensive ALT model is established and genetic algorithm (GA is adopted to obtain optimal parameters in the model using the Manson fatigue damage rule to describe the fatigue failure process and a cumulative damage method to calculate and accumulate the damage caused by each segment in the stress history. An ALT of harmonic drives was carried out and experimental results show that this model is acceptable and effective.

  2. Effect of test temperature on tensile and fatigue properties of nickel-base heat-resistant alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tsuji, Hirokazu; Nakajima, Hajime

    1987-01-01

    A series of tensile and strain controlled low-cycle fatigue tests were conducted at temperatures ranging from RT to 900 0 C on a nickel-base heat-resistant alloy, Hastelloy XR-II, which is one of the candidate alloys for applications in the process heating high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR). Fatigue tests at room temperature and all tensile tests were conducted in air, while fatigue tests at and above 400 0 C were conducted in the simulated HTGR helium environment. In those tests the effect of test temperature on tensile and fatigue properties was investigated. The ductility minimum point was observed near 600 0 C, while tensile and fatigue strengths decreased with increasing test temperature. The fatigue lives estimated with the method proposed by Manson were compatible with the experimental results under the given conditions. For the specimens fatigued at and above 700 0 C, the percentage of the intergranular fracture mode gradually increased with increasing test temperature. (orig.)

  3. Mechanical properties and TEM examination of RAFM steels irradiated up to 70 dpa in BOR-60

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gaganidze, E., E-mail: Ermile.Gaganidze@kit.edu [Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie, Institut fuer Angewandte Materialien, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen (Germany); Petersen, C.; Materna-Morris, E.; Dethloff, C.; Weiss, O.J.; Aktaa, J. [Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie, Institut fuer Angewandte Materialien, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen (Germany); Povstyanko, A.; Fedoseev, A.; Makarov, O.; Prokhorov, V. [Joint Stock Company ' State Scientific Centre Research Institute of Atomic Reactors' , 433510 Dimitrovgrad-10, Ulyanovsk Region (Russian Federation)

    2011-10-01

    Mechanical properties of Reduced Activation Ferritic/Martensitic (RAFM) steels were studied after irradiation in BOR-60 reactor to a neutron displacement damage of 70 dpa at 330-340 deg. C. Yield stress and Ductile-to-Brittle-Transition-Temperature of EUROFER97 indicate saturation of hardening and embrittlement. The phenomenological models for description of microstructure evolution and resulting irradiation hardening and embrittlement are discussed. The evolution of yield stress with dose is qualitatively understood within a Whapham and Makin model. Dislocation loops examined in TEM are considered a main source for low-temperature irradiation hardening. The analysis of the fatigue data in terms of the inelastic strain reveals comparable fatigue behaviour both for unirradiated and irradiated conditions, which can be described by a common Manson-Coffin relation. The study of helium effects in B-doped model steels indicated progressive material embrittlement with helium content. Post-irradiation annealing of RAFM steels yielded substantial recovery of mechanical properties.

  4. Isothermal and thermal-mechanical fatigue of VVER-440 reactor pressure vessel steels

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fekete, Balazs; Trampus, Peter

    2015-09-01

    The fatigue life of the structural materials 15Ch2MFA (CrMoV-alloyed ferritic steel) and 08Ch18N10T (CrNi-alloyed austenitic steel) of VVER-440 reactor pressure vessel under completely reserved total strain controlled low cycle fatigue tests were investigated. An advanced test facility was developed for GLEEBLE-3800 physical simulator which was able to perform thermomechanical fatigue experiments under in-service conditions of VVER nuclear reactors. The low cycle fatigue results were evaluated with the plastic strain based Coffin-Manson law, and plastic strain energy based model as well. It was shown that both methods are able to predict the fatigue life of reactor pressure vessel steels accurately. Interrupted fatigue tests were also carried out to investigate the kinetic of the fatigue evolution of the materials. On these samples microstructural evaluation by TEM was performed. The investigated low cycle fatigue behavior can provide reference for remaining life assessment and lifetime extension analysis.

  5. Comparison of stress-based and strain-based creep failure criteria for severe accident analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chavez, S.A.; Kelly, D.L.; Witt, R.J.; Stirn, D.P.

    1995-01-01

    We conducted a parametic analysis of stress-based and strain-based creep failure criteria to determine if there is a significant difference between the two criteria for SA533B vessel steel under severe accident conditions. Parametric variables include debris composition, system pressure, and creep strain histories derived from different testing programs and mathematically fit, with and without tertiary creep. Results indicate significant differences between the two criteria. Stress gradient plays an important role in determining which criterion will predict failure first. Creep failure was not very sensitive to different creep strain histories, except near the transition temperature of the vessel steel (900K to 1000K). Statistical analyses of creep failure data of four independent sources indicate that these data may be pooled, with a spline point at 1000K. We found the Manson-Haferd parameter to have better failure predictive capability than the Larson-Miller parameter for the data studied. (orig.)

  6. Surgical hepatosplenic mansonic schistosomiasis in adolescents: repercussions of the post-treatment schistosomotic burden on the hepatic functional reserve

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Teixeira Brandt

    2001-09-01

    Full Text Available Schistosomiasis mansoni affects the hepatic functional reserve. Clinical treatment with oxamniquine is not 100% effective and there has been found strain of this parasite resistant to this drug. The aims of this investigation were: (1 to examine the presence of residual parasite burden after medical and surgical treatment on adolescents with surgical schistosomiasis mansoni and (2 to assess the effect on the hepatic functional reserve in patients with and without residual infection. Twenty nine children with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni and bleeding esophageal varices were treated with oxamniquine. They underwent splenectomy, ligature of the left gastric vein and autologous implantation of spleen tissue into the greater omentum. After a mean post-operative follow up of five years they underwent rectal biopsy for schistosomotic egg search. They were divided in patients with and without infection. In 20 patients the submucosal egg search was negative, however, in 9 it was positive. The hepatic functional reserve in the patients without infection was as follows: 17 were Child-Pugh A and 3 Child-Pugh B. In the patients who were still infected 6 were Child-Pugh A and 3 Child-Pugh B. The chi2 analysis of the hepatic functional reserve showed chi2 = 3.19 - p= 0.07. From the results the following conclusion can be drawn: residual infection or reinfection in the follow up period had not interfered with the distribution of the hepatic functional reserve of the patients in this series. However, there was a trend for a decrease of this parameter in patients with residual infection.

  7. De Mammona iniquitatis. Spiritually poor: the Sturzian roots of the Encyclical “Caritas in veritate” of Benedict XVI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luigi Barbieri

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available The present work has been done for the scope of Study in honor of Professor Franco Bolognini. SUMMARY: The spirit of the present contribution: “the economics as if the person would count1” – 1. Essential notes on the “popular capitalism” in the thought of Luigi Sturzo - 2. The economical liberty and the rules’ liberalism – 3. Synthesis considerations.

  8. EWeA Offshore 2013 - Side event: 'Offshore wind energy - Potentialities and industrial opportunities in France and in Germany. French-German cross perspectives

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Genachte, Anne-Benedicte; Kavafyan, Philippe; Wagner, Andreas; Bour, Gregoire

    2013-01-01

    At the EWEA Offshore 2013 exhibition, the French-German office for Renewable energies (OFAEnR) organised a side-conference on Offshore wind energy and its Potentialities and industrial opportunities in France and in Germany. In the framework of this French-German exchange of experience, about 50 participants exchanged views on the conditions for the development of a durable offshore wind energy industry both in France and in Germany. This document brings together the available presentations (slides) made during this event: 1 - Supporting industrial development of offshore wind in Europe (Anne-Benedicte Genachte); 2 - Offshore wind energy: the Bremerhaven experience. An asset for the deployment of a complete industrial field in France (Philippe Kavafyan); 3 - Status, Prospects and Challenges for Offshore Wind energy in Germany - incl. Legal Framework and Presentation of cost reduction study results (Andreas Wagner); 4 - Offshore grid connection in Germany - Challenges and recommendations (Gregoire Bour)

  9. Fake passports and appointed communities: Nation and transnationalism in the Danish asylum system

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Whyte, Zachary

    2003-01-01

    Nationality underwrites a great deal of the Danish asylum process, and of the refugee regime as a whole. The housing and care of asylum seekers, handled by the Danish Red Cross, is based on classifications by nationality. Bending a phrase from Benedict Anderson, these might be called "appointed...... communities". While the Danish asylum system in principle performs individual determination procedures for asylum seekers, granting refugee status on a case-by-case basis, in practice those identified as Iraqi or Afghani have had a very high acceptance rate. However, it is clearly the case that not all asylum...... seekers have citizenship of the countries they claim to come from, or indeed feel they come from the countries of which they have citizenship. In this context, we must enquire about the mechanics of determining nationality and about how asylum seekers themselves relate to national identities. I argue...

  10. Portal hyperflow in patients with hepatosplenic mansonic schistosomiasis Hiperfluxo portal na forma hepatosplênica da esquistossomose mansônica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto de Cleva

    2004-02-01

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess portal hemodynamics in patients with portal hypertension due to hepatosplenic schistosomiasis as well as to assess the contribution of splanchnic hyperflow to the pathophysiology of the portal hypertension. METHODS: Sixteen patients with schistosomal portal hypertension and previous history of upper digestive bleeding due to esophageal varices rupture underwent elective esophagogastric devascularization and splenectomy and were prospectively studied. All patients underwent intraoperative invasive hemodynamic portal monitoring with a 4F-thermodilution catheter. The intraoperative portal hemodynamic assessment was conducted after laparotomy (initial and after esophagogastric devascularization (final. RESULTS: The initial portal pressure was elevated (mean 28.5 ± 4.5 mm Hg, and a significant drop of 25% was observed at the end of the surgery (21.9 ± 4.9 mm Hg. The initial portal flow was elevated (mean 1766.9 ± 686.6 mL/min. A significant fall (42% occurred at the end of the surgical procedure (1025.62 ± 338.7 mL/min. Fourteen patients (87.5% presented a portal flow of more than 1200 mL/min, and in 5 cases, values greater than 2000 mL/min were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Esophagogastric devascularization and splenectomy promote a significant reduction of the elevated portal pressure and flow in schistosomal portal hypertension. These data favor the hypothesis of portal hyperflow in the physiopathology of portal hypertension of schistosomiasis.OBJETIVOS: o objetivo do presente estudo é estudar a hemodinâmica portal em pacientes com hipertensão portal secundária a forma hepatoesplênica da esquistossomose e avaliar a contribuição do hiperfluxo esplênico na sua fisiopatologia CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Foram estudados prospectivamente 16 pacientes portadores de hipertensão portal secundária à forma hepatoesplênica da esquistossomose mansônica com indicação de tratamento cirúrgico. Todos foram submetidos a avaliação hemodinâmica portal com cateter de termodiluição 4F antes e após a realização de desvascularização esofago-gástrica com esplenectomia. RESULTADOS: Na avaliação intra-operatória inicial observou-se pressão (28,5 + 4,5 mmHg e fluxo (1750,59 ± 668,14 ml/min portais iniciais bem acima dos valores considerados normais. Houve queda significante de 25% na pressão (21,65 ± 5,55 mmHg e de 42% no fluxo (1011,18 ± 332,73 ml/min ao término da cirurgia. Quatorze pacientes (87.5% apresentavam fluxo portal superior a 1200 ml/min e, em 5 casos, valores superiores a 2000 ml/min foram observados. CONCLUSÕES: A pressão e o fluxo portais estão aumentados na hipertensão portal esquistossomótica. A desvascularização esofago-gástrica com esplenectomia reduz significativamente tanto a pressão quanto o fluxo portais. Estes dados favorecem a hipótese do hiperfluxo esplâncnico (esplênico e mesentérico na fisiopatologia da hipertensão portal na esquistossomose forma hepatoesplênica.

  11. The social and economic message of Benedict XVI's Caritas in Veritate in the perspective of Roman Catholic social doctrine

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Puggioni, Roberto

    2013-01-01

    This study analyses the encyclical Caritas in veritate as a new encyclical in the ongoing development of the ‘social doctrine’ of the Roman Catholic Church. In this regard, the research questions are: to what extent is Caritas in veritate continuous with earlier pronouncements? To what extent is it

  12. Achromatic-chromatic colorimetric sensors for on-off type detection of analytes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Heo, Jun Hyuk; Cho, Hui Hun; Lee, Jin Woong; Lee, Jung Heon

    2014-12-21

    We report the development of achromatic colorimetric sensors; sensors changing their colors from achromatic black to other chromatic colors. An achromatic colorimetric sensor was prepared by mixing a general colorimetric indicator, whose color changes between chromatic colors, and a complementary colored dye with no reaction to the targeted analyte. As the color of an achromatic colorimetric sensor changes from black to a chromatic color, the color change could be much easily recognized than general colorimetric sensors with naked eyes. More importantly, the achromatic colorimetric sensors enable on-off type recognition of the presence of analytes, which have not been achieved from most colorimetric sensors. In addition, the color changes from some achromatic colorimetric sensors (achromatic Eriochrome Black T and achromatic Benedict's solution) could be recognized with naked eyes at much lower concentration ranges than normal chromatic colorimetric sensors. These results provide new opportunities in the use of colorimetric sensors for diverse applications, such as harsh industrial, environmental, and biological detection.

  13. Compressed liquid densities of 1-butanol and 2-butanol at temperatures from 313 K to 363 K and pressures up to 25 MPa

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zuniga-Moreno, Abel [Laboratorio de Termodinamica, ESIQIE, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Edif. Z, Secc. 6, 1ER Piso, UPALM, C.P. 07738, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico); Galicia-Luna, Luis A. [Laboratorio de Termodinamica, ESIQIE, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Edif. Z, Secc. 6, 1ER Piso, UPALM, C.P. 07738, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)]. E-mail: lgalicial@ipn.mx; Camacho-Camacho, Luis E. [Laboratorio de Termodinamica, ESIQIE, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Edif. Z, Secc. 6, 1ER Piso, UPALM, C.P. 07738, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

    2007-02-15

    (p, {rho}, T) properties were determined in liquid phase for 1-butanol and 2-butanol at temperatures from 313 K to 363 K and pressures up to 25 MPa using a vibrating tube densimeter. The uncertainty is estimated to be lower than {+-}0.2 kg . m{sup -3} for the experimental densities. Nitrogen and water were used as reference fluids for the calibration of the vibrating tube densimeter. Experimental densities of 1-butanol and 2-butanol were correlated with a short empirical equation and the 11-parameter Benedict-Webb-Rubin-Starling equation of state (BWRS EoS) using a least square optimization. Statistical values to evaluate the different correlations were reported. Published densities of 1-butanol and 2-butanol are compared with values calculated with the BWRS EoS using the parameters obtained in this work. The experimental data determined here are also compared with available correlations for 1-butanol and 2-butanol.

  14. ANTHROPOLOGY AT WAR: ROBERT H. LOWIE AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE CULTURE CONCEPT, 1904 to 1954.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bargheer, Stefan

    2017-03-01

    The concept of culture used in American anthropology has fundamentally transformed throughout the first half of the twentieth century. The changing resonance of the work of Robert H. Lowie offers revealing insights into this development. Lowie was part of the first generation of students of Franz Boas that highlighted the importance of individual variation for the study of both primitive and civilized societies. Yet, its initial resonance notwithstanding, the culture concept that prevailed in the discipline went into a different direction as the result of anthropologists' involvement in the war effort. It was advanced by the second generation of Boas' students such as Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead, who stressed the homogeneity of cultures. The contrast highlights the diversity of approaches available within anthropology in the first half of the century and the crucial impact of World War II in determining which of these possibilities became institutionalized in the decades after the war. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  15. Greenhouse effect and ice ages: historical perspective; Effet de serre et glaciations, une perspective historique

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bard, E. [College de France, Chaire d' Evolution du Climat et de l' Ocean, 75 - Paris (France); CEREGE (UMR 6635), 13 - Aix en Provence (France)

    2004-06-01

    This article provides a brief historical perspective on the first scientific research on the greenhouse effect and glaciations. While these two aspects of our climate can be investigated separately, naturalists, physicists and chemists during the 19. century were interested jointly in both issues, as well as the possible relationship between them. The contributions of famous pioneers are mentioned, ranging from scholars with encyclopedic knowledge such as Horace-Benedict de Saussure, to modern scientists like Svante Arrhenius, who was first to predict global warming as a consequence of using fossil fuels. Despite fragmentary observations, these pioneers had prophetic insights. Indeed, the main fundamental concepts used nowadays have been developed during the 19. century. However, we must wait until the second half of the 20. century to see a true revolution of investigative techniques in the Earth Sciences, enabling full access to previously unknown components of the climate system, such as deep oceans and the interior of the polar ice caps. (author)

  16. Scheduling Diet for Diabetes Mellitus Patients using Genetic Algorithm

    Science.gov (United States)

    Syahputra, M. F.; Felicia, V.; Rahmat, R. F.; Budiarto, R.

    2017-01-01

    Diabetes Melitus (DM) is one of metabolic diseases which affects on productivity and lowers the human resources quality. This disease can be controlled by maintaining and regulating balanced and healthy lifestyle especially for daily diet. However, nowadays, there is no system able to help DM patient to get any information of proper diet. Therefore, an approach is required to provide scheduling diet every day in a week with appropriate nutrition for DM patients to help them regulate their daily diet for healing this disease. In this research, we calculate the number of caloric needs using Harris-Benedict equation and propose genetic algorithm for scheduling diet for DM patient. The results show that the greater the number of individuals, the greater the more the possibility of changes in fitness score approaches the best fitness score. Moreover, the greater the created generation, the more the opportunites to obtain best individual with fitness score approaching 0 or equal to 0.

  17. Exploration of phase transition in ThS under pressure: An ab-initio investigation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sahoo, B. D.; Mukherjee, D.; Joshi, K. D.; Kaushik, T. C.

    2018-04-01

    The ab-initio total energy calculations have been performed in thorium sulphide (ThS) to explore its high pressure phase stability. Our calculations predict a phase transformation from ambient rocksalt type structure (B1 phase) to a rhombohedral structure (R-3m phase) at ˜ 15 GPa and subsequently R-3m phase transforms to CsCl type structure (B2 phase) at ˜ 45 GPa. The first phase transition has been identified as second order type; whereas, the second transition is of first order type with volume discontinuity of 6.5%. The predicted high pressure R-3m phase is analogous to the experimentally observed hexagonal (distorted fcc) phase (Benedict et al., J. Less-Common Met., 1984) above 20 GPa. Further, using these calculations we have derived the equation of state which has been utilized to determine various physical quantities such as zero pressure equilibrium volume, bulk modulus, and pressure derivative of bulk modulus at ambient conditions.

  18. Compressed liquid densities of 1-butanol and 2-butanol at temperatures from 313 K to 363 K and pressures up to 25 MPa

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zuniga-Moreno, Abel; Galicia-Luna, Luis A.; Camacho-Camacho, Luis E.

    2007-01-01

    (p, ρ, T) properties were determined in liquid phase for 1-butanol and 2-butanol at temperatures from 313 K to 363 K and pressures up to 25 MPa using a vibrating tube densimeter. The uncertainty is estimated to be lower than ±0.2 kg . m -3 for the experimental densities. Nitrogen and water were used as reference fluids for the calibration of the vibrating tube densimeter. Experimental densities of 1-butanol and 2-butanol were correlated with a short empirical equation and the 11-parameter Benedict-Webb-Rubin-Starling equation of state (BWRS EoS) using a least square optimization. Statistical values to evaluate the different correlations were reported. Published densities of 1-butanol and 2-butanol are compared with values calculated with the BWRS EoS using the parameters obtained in this work. The experimental data determined here are also compared with available correlations for 1-butanol and 2-butanol

  19. Postcolonial Issues and Colonial Closures: Portrayals of Ambivalence in Shaun Tan’s The Arrival

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renata Lucena Dalmaso

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2016v69n2p63 This article aims to investigate the visual representation of the connection between immigration and the construction of an Australian identity as a nation in Shaun Tan’s graphic novel The Arrival (2006. Based on the debate about imagined communities and the ambivalence on the narration of a nation, proposed by Benedict Anderson and Homi Bhabha, we will discuss how The Arrival creates moments for the appearance of the ambivalence of cultural difference at the same time that it also constructs a horizontal imagined community. On these terms, The Arrival depicts some of the liminal positionality that immigrants have to deal when they arrive in a new place, but also constructs a cohesive and homogeneous narrative that entails the assimilation of the immigrants. In other words, this work offers a closure that can be read as an assimilation of the colonial discourse for a series post-colonial issues.

  20. Love and Truth in Social Involvement of the Church

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Henryk Szmulewicz

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available This study begins with a brief outline of the essence of the whole encyclical Caritas in veritate . Benedict XVI expresses the desire for „the dialogue with the world”. He understands this dialogue as a special kind of the service of the Church towards eternal love and truth, fully revealed in Christ. The dialogue of the Church with the world, in the spirit of love and truth, is accomplished every day at the level of so-called official relations. There are numerous opinions that in the past the Church repeatedly neglected the dialogue with the world. Indeed, the Church historians point out the existence of examples of the fall of the authority of the Holy See in particular countries and circumstances. Similarly, the Church is the sign of objection in the contemporary world. Instructed by past experiences the Church is aware that what is necessary for the renewal of culture and society, is evangelical love and truth.

  1. Preliminary Study of Mental Retardation in Rovira (Tolima, Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Gustavo Celis

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available limitationsin performance, significant deficiencyin intelligence and adaptative behavior, causingclinical and social disability. Most patients withmental retardation in Colombia do not receiveclinical genetics evaluation. The aims of thepresent study are to evaluate and characterizea group of patients with mental retardationfrom the population of Rovira. The presentstudy included twenty five patients with mentalretardation from Rovira (Tolima whichwere studied by clinical examination, metabolicscreening (ferric chloride, nitrosonaphtol,silver nitroprusiate, dinitrophenylhydrazineand benedict and cytogenetics (G-Bandingkariotype. Pesticide detection was perfomedby random sampling of water and tomatoes intwenty different places of water distribution,the center of the town and crop fields. A familywith three affected sibs (two females, onemale with mental retardation was identified,suggesting a genetic component. Metabolicscreening was negative and karyotypes werenormal. The analyses performed for organophosphateswere positive in 100% of the samples.Carbamates were positive in 60% of thewater source and 100% of tomato samples. Allthe samples tested were negative for organochlorides.Further studies as molecular fragile-X test, will be performed.

  2. Hans Urs von Balthasar y la música de Mozart

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaime Donoso

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El autor, a partir de su experiencia como intérprete musical, intenta demostrar que la explicación de la esencia de la música, y la de Mozart en particular, no se agota en un análisis puramente musicológico. Para ello se apoya en ideas de von Balthasar y en palabras del Papa Benedicto XVI, ambos profundamente amantes de Mozart. Sus juicios dicen relación con la idea de una teología de la belleza.The author uses his experience as a musical interpreter as a starting point, and attempts to demonstrate that the explanation of the essence of music, and Mozart´s music in particular, is not exhausted by purely musicological analysis. For this purpose the author bases himself on the ideas of von Balthasar as well as the words of Pope Benedict XVI, both deeply fond of Mozart. Their conclusions relate to the idea of a theology of beauty.

  3. Revista de revistas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Facultad de Medicina Revista

    1941-05-01

    Full Text Available Consulado de Colombia en Boston. Para el Departamento Consular. - Informe mensual. - Mes de diciembre de 1940. Asunto: dos nuevos aparatos científicos (1 El microscopio "Electrón". (2 El Klystron / Eduardo Gómez Durán, Consúl de Colombia. La esquistosomiasis en los valles irrigados de Venezuela (Revista de Sanidad y Asistencia Social. Volumen VI. Abril, 1941. N° 2 Caracas Venezuela. Tripanosomiasis humana (Enfermedad de Carlos Chagas en Guayaquil, Ecuador. La fenothiazina como antihelmintico en infecciones por oxiuros y ascaris / Manson - Bahr, P. - The Lancet. 28-12-40. Sangre conservada: un análisis de su empleo. Informe del Merseyside war blood bank (Depósito de sangre de Guerra / Edwards, F. R. - Davie, T. B. - Brit. Med. J. 20-7-40.  Efecto de los rayos X sobre las enzimas / Dale, W. M. - Biochemical Journal. Nov. 1940. Estudio experimental de lesiones producidas por onda explosiva en los pulmones (Resumen aparecido en el Bulletin of War Medicine, 1, 76, Nov. 1940 / Zuckerman, S. - The Lancet. 24-8-40

  4. Interobserver variability of ultrasound parameters in portal hypertension

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    Patricia Moreno Sebastianes

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to assess interobserver agreement of ultrasound parameters for portal hypertension in hepatosplenic mansonic schistosomiasis. Spleen size, diameter of the portal, splenic and superior mesenteric veins and presence of thrombosis and cavernous transformation were determined by three radiologists in blinded and independent fashion in 30 patients. Interobserver agreement was measured by the kappa index and intraclass correlation coefficient. Interobserver agreement was considered substantial (κ = 0.714-0.795 for portal vein thrombosis and perfect (κ = 1 for cavernous transformation. Interobserver agreement measured by the intraclass correlation coefficient was excellent for longitudinal diameter of the spleen (r = 0.828-0.869 and splenic index (r = 0.816-0.905 and varied from fair to almost perfect for diameter of the portal (r = 0.622-0.675, splenic (r = 0.573-0.913 and superior mesenteric (r = 0.525-0.607 veins. According to the results, ultrasound is a highly reproducible method for the main morphological parameters of portal hypertension in schistosomiasis patients.

  5. Cyclic deformation behavior of steels and light-metal alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Walther, Frank; Eifler, Dietmar

    2007-01-01

    The detailed knowledge of the cyclic deformation behavior of metallic materials is an essential condition for the comprehensive understanding of fatigue mechanisms and a reliable lifetime calculation of cyclically loaded specimens and components. Various steels and light-metal alloys were investigated under stress and strain control on servohydraulic testing systems. In addition to mechanical stress-strain hysteresis measurements, the changes of the specimen temperature and the electrical resistance due to plastic deformation processes were measured. The plasticity-induced martensite formation in metastable austenitic steels was detected in situ with a ferritescope sensor. As advanced magnetic measuring technique giant-magneto-resistance sensors in combination with an universal eddy-current equipment were used for the on-line monitoring of fatigue processes. Due to their direct dependence on microstructural changes, all physical values show a clear interaction with the actual fatigue state. The results of the plastic strain, thermometric, electric and magnetic measuring techniques were presented versus the number of cycles as well as in Morrow and Coffin-Manson plots. The microstructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy

  6. Estimate the thermomechanical fatigue life of two flip chip packages

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pash, R.A.; Ullah, H.S.; Khan, M.Z.

    2005-01-01

    The continuing demand towards high density and low profile integrated circuit packaging has accelerated the development of flip chip structures as used in direct chip attach (DCA) technology, ball grid array (BOA) and chip scale package (CSP). In such structures the most widely used flip chip interconnects are solder joints. The reliability of flip chip structures largely depends on the reliability of solder joints. In this work solder joint fatigue life prediction for two chip scale packages is carried out. Elasto-plastic deformation behavior of the solder was simulated using ANSYS. Two dimensional plain strain finite element models were developed for each package to numerically compute the stress and total strain of the solder joints under temperature cycling. These stress and strain values are then used to predict the solder joint lifetime through modified Coffin Manson equation. The effect of solder joint's distance from edge of silicon die on life of the package is explored. The solder joint fatigue response is modeled for a typical temperature cycling of -60 to 140 degree C. (author)

  7. Nutrition and acute schistosomiasis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eridan M. Coutinho

    1992-01-01

    Full Text Available In northeast Brazil, nutritional deficiency diseases and schistosomiasis mansoni overlap. An experimental model, wich reproduces the marasmatic clinical form of protein-energy malnutrition, was developed in this laboratory to study these interactions. Albino Swiss mice were fed with a food association ingested usually by human populations in northeast Brazil. This diet (Regional Basic Diet - RBD has negative effects on the growth, food intake and protein utilization in infected mice (acute phase of murine schistosomiasis. Nitrogen balance studies have also shown that infection with Schistosoma mansoni has apparently no effect on protein intestinal absorption in well nourished mice. However, the lowest absorption ratios have been detected among RBD - fed infected animals, suggesting that suprerimposed schistosome infection aggravated the nutritional status of the undernourished host. The serum proteins electrophoretic pattern, as far as albumins are concerned, is quite similar for non-infected undernourished and infected well-fed animals. So, the significance of albumins as a biochemical indicator of the nutritional status of human populations residing in endemic foci of Manson's schistosomiasis, is discussable.

  8. Cyclic deformation behavior of steels and light-metal alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Walther, Frank [University of Kaiserslautern, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 3049, D-67653 Kaiserslautern (Germany)], E-mail: walther@mv.uni-kl.de; Eifler, Dietmar [University of Kaiserslautern, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 3049, D-67653 Kaiserslautern (Germany)

    2007-11-15

    The detailed knowledge of the cyclic deformation behavior of metallic materials is an essential condition for the comprehensive understanding of fatigue mechanisms and a reliable lifetime calculation of cyclically loaded specimens and components. Various steels and light-metal alloys were investigated under stress and strain control on servohydraulic testing systems. In addition to mechanical stress-strain hysteresis measurements, the changes of the specimen temperature and the electrical resistance due to plastic deformation processes were measured. The plasticity-induced martensite formation in metastable austenitic steels was detected in situ with a ferritescope sensor. As advanced magnetic measuring technique giant-magneto-resistance sensors in combination with an universal eddy-current equipment were used for the on-line monitoring of fatigue processes. Due to their direct dependence on microstructural changes, all physical values show a clear interaction with the actual fatigue state. The results of the plastic strain, thermometric, electric and magnetic measuring techniques were presented versus the number of cycles as well as in Morrow and Coffin-Manson plots. The microstructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy.

  9. Low cycle fatigue of PM/HIP astroloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Choe, S.J.; Stoloff, N.S.; Duquette, D.J. (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (USA))

    Low cycle fatigue and creep-fatigue-environment interactions of PM/HIP Astrology were studied at 650 C and 725 C. Total strain range was varied from 1.5% to 2.7% at a frequency of 0.3Hz. Creep-fatigue tests were performed with 2 min. or 5 min. tensile hold times. All tests were run in high purity argon in an attempt to minimize environmental effects. Employing a tensile hold was more damaging than raising temperature by 75 C. Slopes of Coffin-Manson plots were nearly independent of temperature and hold time. Raising temperature from 650 C to 725 C did not change the transgranular (TG) crack propagation mode, whereas employing hold times caused TG+IG propagation. All samples displayed multiple fracture origins associated with inclusions located at the specimen surface; pre-existing pores did not affect fatigue crack initiation. Examination of secondary cracks showed no apparent creep damage. Oxidation in high purity argon appeared to be the major factor in LCF life degradation due to hold times.

  10. Relative efficiency calibration between two silicon drift detectors performed with a monochromatized X-ray generator over the 0.1-1.5 keV range

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hubert, S.; Boubault, F.

    2018-03-01

    In this article, we present the first X-ray calibration performed over the 0.1-1.5 keV spectral range by means of a soft X-ray Manson source and the monochromator SYMPAX. This monochromator, based on a classical Rowland geometry, presents the novelty to be able to board simultaneously two detectors and move them under vacuum in front of the exit slit of the monochromatizing stage. This provides the great advantage to perform radiometric measurements of the monochromatic X-ray photon flux with one reference detector while calibrating another X-ray detector. To achieve this, at least one secondary standard must be operated with SYMPAX. This paper presents thereby an efficiency transfer experiment between a secondary standard silicon drift detector (SDD), previously calibrated on BESSY II synchrotron Facility, and another one ("unknown" SDD), devoted to be used permanently with SYMPAX. The associated calibration process is described as well as corresponding results. Comparison with calibrated measurements performed at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Radiometric Laboratory shows a very good agreement between the secondary standard and the unknown SDD.

  11. LCF behavior of Zr-4 alloy at elevated temperature

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ye Yuming; Cai Lixun

    2006-01-01

    A series of strain fatigue tests were carried out on small bugle-like slice-specimens of Zr-4 alloy at room temperature and 400 degree C. According to Elastic and Plastic Finite Element Analysis and assumption of local damage equivalence, a strain conversion equation was given to transform the transverse strain of the specimen to the axial strain. Based on the test results of the alloy and the strain conversion equation, fatigue life estimation equations of Zr-4alloy, or M-C (Manson-Coffin) models, were obtained. The results showed that, Zr-4 alloy had obvious cyclic hardening character during high amplitude strain at different temperatures, but showed reverse character during low amplitude strain. Elevated temperature lowered seriously the fatigue life of Zr-4 alloys, ann as the increasing of amplitude strain, temperature effect impaired gradually. Analysis showed that the prediction life by using M-C model based on the traditional strain conversion equation was quite conservative when axial strain amplitude was less than 5000 micro-strain. (authors)

  12. Embrittlement phenomenon of Ag core MP35N cable as lead conductor in medical device.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Ling; Li, Bernie; Zhang, Haitao

    2013-02-01

    Ag core MP35N (Ag/MP35N) wire has been used in lead electric conductor wires in the medical device industry for many years. Recently it was noticed that the combination of silver and MP35N restricts its wire drawing process. The annealing temperature in Ag/MP35N has to be lower than the melting temperature of pure Ag (960 °C), which cannot fully anneal MP35N. The lower annealing temperature results in a highly cold worked MP35N, which significantly reduces Ag/MP35N ductility. The embrittlement phenomenon of Ag/MP35N cable was observed in tension and bending deformation. The effect of the embrittlement on the wire flex fatigue life was evaluated using a newly developed flex fatigue testing method. The Ag/MP35N cable fatigue results was analyzed with a Coffin-Manson approach and compared to the MP35N cable fatigue results. The root causes of the Ag/Mp35N embrittlement phenomenon are discussed. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. An artificial neural network to predict resting energy expenditure in obesity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Disse, Emmanuel; Ledoux, Séverine; Bétry, Cécile; Caussy, Cyrielle; Maitrepierre, Christine; Coupaye, Muriel; Laville, Martine; Simon, Chantal

    2017-09-01

    The resting energy expenditure (REE) determination is important in nutrition for adequate dietary prescription. The gold standard i.e. indirect calorimetry is not available in clinical settings. Thus, several predictive equations have been developed, but they lack of accuracy in subjects with extreme weight including obese populations. Artificial neural networks (ANN) are useful predictive tools in the area of artificial intelligence, used in numerous clinical fields. The aim of this study was to determine the relevance of ANN in predicting REE in obesity. A Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) feed-forward neural network with a back propagation algorithm was created and cross-validated in a cohort of 565 obese subjects (BMI within 30-50 kg m -2 ) with weight, height, sex and age as clinical inputs and REE measured by indirect calorimetry as output. The predictive performances of ANN were compared to those of 23 predictive REE equations in the training set and in two independent sets of 100 and 237 obese subjects for external validation. Among the 23 established prediction equations for REE evaluated, the Harris & Benedict equations recalculated by Roza were the most accurate for the obese population, followed by the USA DRI, Müller and the original Harris & Benedict equations. The final 5-fold cross-validated three-layer 4-3-1 feed-forward back propagation ANN model developed in that study improved precision and accuracy of REE prediction over linear equations (precision = 68.1%, MAPE = 8.6% and RMSPE = 210 kcal/d), independently from BMI subgroups within 30-50 kg m -2 . External validation confirmed the better predictive performances of ANN model (precision = 73% and 65%, MAPE = 7.7% and 8.6%, RMSPE = 187 kcal/d and 200 kcal/d in the 2 independent datasets) for the prediction of REE in obese subjects. We developed and validated an ANN model for the prediction of REE in obese subjects that is more precise and accurate than established REE predictive

  14. The West Beverly Hills Lineament and Beverly Hills High School: Ethical Issues in Geo-Hazard Communication

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gath, Eldon; Gonzalez, Tania; Roe, Joe; Buchiarelli, Philip; Kenny, Miles

    2014-05-01

    Results of geotechnical studies for the Westside Subway were disclosed in a public hearing on Oct. 19, 2011, showing new "active faults" of the Santa Monica fault and the West Beverly Hills Lineament (WBHL), identified as a northern extension of the Newport-Inglewood fault. Presentations made spoke of the danger posed by these faults, the possibility of killing people, and how it was good news that these faults had been discovered now instead of later. The presentations were live and are now memorialized as YouTube videos, (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Omx2BTIpzAk and others). No faults had been physically exposed or observed by the study; the faults were all interpreted from cone penetrometer probes, supplemented by core borings and geophysical transects. Several of the WBHL faults traversed buildings of the Beverly Hills High School (BHHS), triggering the school district to geologically map and characterize these faults for future planning efforts, and to quantify risk to the students in the 1920's high school building. 5 exploratory trenches were excavated within the high school property, 12 cone penetrometers were pushed, and 26-cored borings were drilled. Geologic logging of the trenches and borings and interpretation of the CPT data failed to confirm the presence of the mapped WBHL faults, instead showing an unfaulted, 3° NE dipping sequence of mid-Pleistocene alluvial fan deposits conformably overlying an ~1 Ma marine sand. Using 14C, OSL, and soil pedology for stratigraphic dating, the BHHS site was cleared from fault rupture hazards and the WBHL was shown to be an erosional margin of Benedict Canyon, partially buttressed by 40-200 ka alluvial deposits from Benedict Wash. The consequence of the Westside Subway's active fault maps has been the unexpected expenditure of millions of dollars for emergency fault investigations at BHHS and several other private properties within a densely developed urban highrise environment. None of these studies have found

  15. Analysis of medical student’s book reports on Cronin’s The Citadel: would young doctors give up ideals for prestige and wealth?

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-01-01

    Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find what medical students think the reward for their future work should be and whether they would keep their ideals or abandon them for prestige and wealth by analyzing the book reports of Cronin’s The Citadel. Methods: Participants were 50 medical students of junior class. A month before the classroom lecture, the book and digital video disk were provided. Students had discussions in groups of seven and wrote book reports which include answers of three questions. Results: Regarding what should be the reward for the medical doctor, two-thirds of students (66.7%) answered with spiritual compensation, while one-third (33.3%) chose material reward. In the situation presented to Manson, three-fifths (60.0%) answered they would keep their ideals (idealist), while the remaining two-fifths (40.0%) decided they would abandon them. Less than one-third of students (30.0%) answered they would reveal the corruptions of the doctor’s society, while two-thirds (64.0%) would not. Conclusion: The larger number of idealists who prefer spiritual reward rather than a material reward represents the innocence of youth as in portrayed in The Citadel. PMID:27240894

  16. Analysis of medical student's book reports on Cronin's The Citadel: would young doctors give up ideals for prestige and wealth?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hwang, Se Won; Kim, Hun; Kim, Ae Yang; Hwang, Kun

    2016-06-01

    The purpose of this study is to find what medical students think the reward for their future work should be and whether they would keep their ideals or abandon them for prestige and wealth by analyzing the book reports of Cronin's The Citadel. Participants were 50 medical students of junior class. A month before the classroom lecture, the book and digital video disk were provided. Students had discussions in groups of seven and wrote book reports which include answers of three questions. Regarding what should be the reward for the medical doctor, two-thirds of students (66.7%) answered with spiritual compensation, while one-third (33.3%) chose material reward. In the situation presented to Manson, three-fifths (60.0%) answered they would keep their ideals (idealist), while the remaining two-fifths (40.0%) decided they would abandon them. Less than one-third of students (30.0%) answered they would reveal the corruptions of the doctor's society, while two-thirds (64.0%) would not. The larger number of idealists who prefer spiritual reward rather than a material reward represents the innocence of youth as in portrayed in The Citadel.

  17. Joined application of a multiaxial critical plane criterion and a strain energy density criterion in low-cycle fatigue

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Carpinteri

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available In the present paper, the multiaxial fatigue life assessment of notched structural components is performed by employing a strain-based multiaxial fatigue criterion. Such a criterion, depending on the critical plane concept, is extended by implementing the control volume concept reated to the Strain Energy Density (SED approach: a material point located at a certain distance from the notch tip is assumed to be the verification point where to perform the above assessment. Such a distance, measured along the notch bisector, is a function of both the biaxiality ratio (defined as the ratio between the applied shear stress amplitude and the normal stress amplitude and the control volume radii under Mode I and Mode III. Once the position of the verification point is determined, the fatigue lifetime is assessed through an equivalent strain amplitude, acting on the critical plane, together with a unique material reference curve (i.e. the Manson-Coffin curve. Some uniaxial and multiaxial fatigue data related to V-notched round bars made of titanium grade 5 alloy (Ti-6Al-4V are examined to validate the present criterion.

  18. Strain-controlled low cycle fatigue properties of a rare-earth containing ME20 magnesium alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mirza, F.A., E-mail: f4mirza@ryerson.ca [Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3 (Canada); Wang, K.; Bhole, S.D.; Friedman, J.; Chen, D.L. [Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3 (Canada); Ni, D.R.; Xiao, B.L. [Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 (China); Ma, Z.Y., E-mail: zyma@imr.ac.cn [Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 (China)

    2016-04-20

    The present study was aimed to evaluate the strain-controlled cyclic deformation characteristics and low cycle fatigue (LCF) life of a low (~0.3 wt%) Ce-containing ME20-H112 magnesium alloy. The alloy contained equiaxed grains with ellipsoidal particles containing Mg and Ce (Mg{sub 12}Ce), and exhibited a relatively weak basal texture. Unlike the high rare earth (RE)-containing magnesium alloy, the ME20M-H112 alloy exhibited asymmetrical hysteresis loops somewhat similar to the RE-free extruded Mg alloys due to the presence of twinning-detwinning activities during cyclic deformation. While cyclic stabilization was barely achieved even at the lower strain amplitudes, cyclic softening was the predominant characteristics at most strain amplitudes. The ME20M-H112 alloy showed basically an equivalent fatigue life to that of the RE-free extruded Mg alloys, which could be described by the Coffin-Manson law and Basquin's equation. Fatigue crack was observed to initiate from the near-surface imperfections, and in contrast to the typical fatigue striations, the present alloy showed some shallow dimples along with some fractions of quasi-cleavage features in the crack propagation area.

  19. A methodology for strain-based fatigue reliability analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhao, Y.X.

    2000-01-01

    A significant scatter of the cyclic stress-strain (CSS) responses should be noted for a nuclear reactor material, 1Cr18Ni9Ti pipe-weld metal. Existence of the scatter implies that a random cyclic strain applied history will be introduced under any of the loading modes even a deterministic loading history. A non-conservative evaluation might be given in the practice without considering the scatter. A methodology for strain-based fatigue reliability analysis, which has taken into account the scatter, is developed. The responses are approximately modeled by probability-based CSS curves of Ramberg-Osgood relation. The strain-life data are modeled, similarly, by probability-based strain-life curves of Coffin-Manson law. The reliability assessment is constructed by considering interference of the random fatigue strain applied and capacity histories. Probability density functions of the applied and capacity histories are analytically given. The methodology could be conveniently extrapolated to the case of deterministic CSS relation as the existent methods did. Non-conservative evaluation of the deterministic CSS relation and availability of present methodology have been indicated by an analysis of the material test results

  20. Fatigue behavior and damage characteristic of ultra-fine grain low-purity copper processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Xu Changzheng; Wang Qingjuan [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049 (China); Zheng Maosheng [Institute of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials, Northwest University, Xian 710069 (China)], E-mail: mszhengnw@sohu.com; Li Jindou; Huang Meiquan; Jia Qingming; Zhu Jiewu [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049 (China); Kunz, Ludvik; Buksa, Michal [Institute of Physics of Materials, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno 61662 (Czech Republic)

    2008-02-25

    The S-N and Coffin-Manson plot, cyclic stress-strain response, changes of microstructure, and the surface morphology of ultra-fine grain (UFG) low-purity copper processed by ECAP were tested and observed in present study. And the formation mechanism of shear bands was discussed in detail. The results show that the UFG Cu represents longer lifetime under stress-controlled fatigue, but lower fatigue resistance under strain-controlled fatigue when compared with the coarse grain counterpart. Cyclic stress-strain responses of UFG Cu under stress-controlled fatigue alter from cyclic softening to cyclic hardening as stress amplitude decreases. But the responses always show cyclic softening under strain-controlled fatigue in present testing. By electron back scattering diffraction and transmission electron microscope technique, the shear bands were discovered on the surface of all cycled samples and no grain coarsening was discovered near the shear bands, which indicated that there was no inevitable relationship between formation of SBs and cyclic softening/grain coarsening. The discovery should be related to impurities in copper. The oriented distribution of defects along the shear plane in the last ECAP processing is one of the major mechanisms of SBs formation.

  1. Fatigue behavior and damage characteristic of ultra-fine grain low-purity copper processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xu Changzheng; Wang Qingjuan; Zheng Maosheng; Li Jindou; Huang Meiquan; Jia Qingming; Zhu Jiewu; Kunz, Ludvik; Buksa, Michal

    2008-01-01

    The S-N and Coffin-Manson plot, cyclic stress-strain response, changes of microstructure, and the surface morphology of ultra-fine grain (UFG) low-purity copper processed by ECAP were tested and observed in present study. And the formation mechanism of shear bands was discussed in detail. The results show that the UFG Cu represents longer lifetime under stress-controlled fatigue, but lower fatigue resistance under strain-controlled fatigue when compared with the coarse grain counterpart. Cyclic stress-strain responses of UFG Cu under stress-controlled fatigue alter from cyclic softening to cyclic hardening as stress amplitude decreases. But the responses always show cyclic softening under strain-controlled fatigue in present testing. By electron back scattering diffraction and transmission electron microscope technique, the shear bands were discovered on the surface of all cycled samples and no grain coarsening was discovered near the shear bands, which indicated that there was no inevitable relationship between formation of SBs and cyclic softening/grain coarsening. The discovery should be related to impurities in copper. The oriented distribution of defects along the shear plane in the last ECAP processing is one of the major mechanisms of SBs formation

  2. Fatigue characteristics of sand-cast AZ91D magnesium alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhenming Li

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available The fatigue characteristics of the AZ91D-T6 alloy samples taken from engine blocks have been investigated at 20 °C and elevated temperature (150 °C. The fatigue strength and cyclic stress amplitude of the alloy significantly decrease with the increase of the test temperature, although cyclic hardening occurs continuously until failure for both temperatures. With the increase of the temperature, the decreased fatigue life of the alloy tested at the same stress amplitude is mainly attributed to the decreased matrix strength and the increased hysteresis energies. Fatigue failure of the engine blocks made of AZ91D-T6 alloy is mainly controlled by casting defects. For the defect-free specimens, the crack initiation behavior is determined by the single-slip (20 °C and by environment-assisted cyclic slip (150 °C during fatigue, respectively. The low-cycle fatigue lives of the alloy can be predicted using the Coffin-Manson relation and Basquin laws, the three-parameter equation and the energy-based concepts, while the high-cycle fatigue lives of the alloy fitted well with the developed long crack life model and MSF life models.

  3. Load-carrying capabilities of refractory alloys for space reactor power applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Horak, J.A.

    1985-01-01

    To achieve sufficient thermodynamic efficiency, space nuclear power systems must operate above 1000 0 C. A quantitative evaluation of the existing mechanical properties data for the refractory alloys relevant to space nuclear power systems design lifetimes up to seven years at temperatures up to 1400 0 C is being conducted. The most important properties for space nuclear power systems are long-term high-temperature (>1000 0 C) creep strength and ductility, low-temperature ( 0 C) fracture toughness [including ductile-to-brittle transition temperature, (DBTT)], and ductility at high strain rates; of special concern are the above properties for weldments of refractory alloys, composition, applied stress, test temperature, test environment (e.g., vacuum, lithium), and thermomechanical treatment (TMT) history. Currently being evaluated are, in order of ascending mp, selected alloys of niobium (e.g., Nb-1% Zr, Nb-1% Zr-0.1% C), molybdenum (e.g., Mo-13% Re), tantalum (e.g., ASTAR-811C), and tungsten (e.g., CVD W and W-25% Re). Creep properties of these alloys have been correlated via Larson-Miller, Manson-Hafered, and other empirical parameters; creep equations have been developed from these correlations. 12 figs., 8 tabs

  4. Correlation between residual stress and plastic strain amplitude during low cycle fatigue of mechanically surface treated austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 and ferritic-pearlitic steel SAE 1045

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nikitin, I. [Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Kassel, 34125 Kassel, Hessen (Germany)], E-mail: Ivan.Nikitin@infineon.com; Besel, M. [Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Kassel, 34125 Kassel, Hessen (Germany)

    2008-09-15

    Mechanical surface treatments such as deep rolling are known to affect the near-surface microstructure and induce, e.g. residual stresses and/or increase the surface hardness. It is well known that, e.g. compressive residual stress states usually increase the lifetime under fatigue loading. The stress relaxation behaviour and the stability of the residual stress during fatigue loading depend on the mechanical surface treatment method. In this paper three different surface treatments are used and their effects on the low cycle fatigue behaviour of austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) and ferritic-pearlitic steel (SAE 1045) are investigated. X-ray diffraction is applied for the non-destructive evaluation of the stress state and the microstructure. It is found that consecutive deep rolling and annealing as well as high temperature deep rolling produce more stable near-surface stress states than conventional deep rolling at room temperature. The plastic strain amplitudes during fatigue loading are measured and it is shown that they correlate well with the induced residual stress and its relaxation, respectively. Furthermore, Coffin-Manson plots are presented which clearly show the correlation between the plastic strain amplitude and the fatigue lifetime.

  5. Transylvania – Romanian Tourism Micro-destination

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aurelia-Felicia STĂNCIOIU

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available Although nowadays there are many controversies regarding the three regionalization dimensions (the positive-scientific regionalization, the symbolic- informal regionalization and the normativeformal regionalization in terms of the modification of the third, due to the norms and principles of the accedence to the European Union and due to the access to the structural funds, the symbolic-informal regionalization (“produced in the collective mental of the individual and group selfidentification, of current practices and that includes the sphere of the culture (… being not only a factor, but also a result of the social construction” (Benedict, 2000, p. 47 remains in the same time a supporting element in the development of the regional brand. Thus, the region of Transylvania, in accordance with the results of the conducted research, entirely corresponds with the definition that Passy (2001, p. 16 assigned to the region, namely “on the one hand, a social construction – created by economic, politic, cultural and administrative discourses and practices – but, on the other hand, it might become a power center”.

  6. Theological requests and prospects of the Apostolic Exhortation Verbum Domini

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    Giuseppe De Virgilio

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available The study summarizes the main points of the Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Verbum Domini of Benedict XVI on “The Word of God in the Life and Mission of the Church” (2010. Reflection addresses the role of the Word of God in the Church, expanding and updating the cap. VI of the dogmatic constitution Dei Verbum. The exhortation is an important verification of the “biblical itinerary” of the post-conciliar Church. The basic lines are from the extensive work of synthesis, summarized in 55 propositions drawn up during the XII Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops (Vatican City, 5 to 26 October 2008. As a “symphony music”, the article proposes a path hermeneutical recovering the three parts of the Exhortation: 1 The “Word of God” (Nos. 6–49; 2 “the Word in the Church” (Nos. 50–89; 3 the “Word to the world” (Nos. 90–120. In conclusion, we propose some interpretations of theological and pastoral role of the Word of God for today’s man.

  7. El ropero torcido del extraño Augusto d’Halmar: Escritura y homoerotismo en Chile a comienzos del siglo XX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Victor Rocha Monsalve

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available La irrupción del deseo homoerótico y su posibilidad de inscripción en una subjetividad en la sociedad chilena se encuentra vinculada a dos procesos que definirían la experiencia histórica durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. Por un lado, la llamada “cuestión social” con sus discursos de crisis del proyecto estatal ilustrado y, de otro, las nuevas sensibilidades literarias, se constituyeron paradójicamente en el soporte de las fantasías y ansiedades creadas por la modernización. Soportes sociales y materiales discursivos que a su vez coincidieron con la problematización de las fronteras genérico-sexuales y las identidades deseables que debían integrar la comunidad imaginada de la nación, en tanto, asociación limitada y soberana, siguiendo la propuesta de Benedict Anderson, vinculada por medio de lazos fraternales homosociales que daban cuenta de su carácter hegemónico como excluyente frente a lo considerado diverso como lo hibrido.

  8. Representations of Reductive Groups : in Honor of the 60th Birthday of David A. Vogan, Jr.

    CERN Document Server

    Trapa, Peter

    2015-01-01

    Over the last forty years, David Vogan has left an indelible imprint on the representation theory of reductive groups.  His groundbreaking ideas have lead to deep advances in the theory of real and p-adic groups, and have forged lasting connections with other subjects, including number theory, automorphic forms, algebraic geometry, and combinatorics. Representations of Reductive Groups is an outgrowth of the conference of the same name, dedicated to David Vogan on his 60th birthday, which took place at MIT on May 19-23, 2014.  This volume highlights the depth and breadth of Vogan's influence over the subjects mentioned above, and point to many exciting new directions that remain to be explored.  Notably, the first article by McGovern and Trapa offers an overview of Vogan's body of work, placing his ideas in a historical context. Contributors: Pramod N. Achar, Jeffrey D. Adams, Dan Barbasch, Manjul Bhargava, Cédric Bonnafé, Dan Ciubotaru, Meinolf Geck, William Graham, Benedict H. Gross, Xuhua He, Jing-Son...

  9. Phoebus Apollo in the epic plot in the Memorial of the Christ’s Childhood and Triumph of the divine Love (1639 by Soror Maria de Mesquita Pimentel

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabio Mario da Silva

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available This article focuses on how it is represented the figure of Apollo in the religious epic by Soror Maria de Mesquita Pimentel (1581-1661 that had taken her vows at the Monastery of Saint Benedict of Cástris in the city of Évora as a nun of the Cistercian Order. She became a pionery because written and published the first epic work by a woman in Portuguese language: Memorial da Infância de Christo e Triumpho do Divino Amor (1639. This book is a key work for our understanding of both gender and epic studies, both in the context of Portuguese literature and from the standpoint the greek mythology including in the monasteries. For this we will make a survey around what the critics say about this god and which are the appropriations that the writer-nun gives to this myth in her text because he figures quite often, more than other mythological gods, with clearly intended to demonstrate the symbolic plurality of this deity in the service of what is benevolent and Christian.

  10. Stress and depression among older residents in religious monasteries: do friends and God matter?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bishop, Alex J

    2008-01-01

    The purpose of this investigation was to explore how friendship and attach-0 ment to God provide protective benefits against stress and depression. Participants included 235 men and women, age 64 and older, residing in religious monasteries affiliated with the Order of St. Benedict. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were completed to assess main and moderating effects of friendship and attachment to God relative to the influence of stress on depressive symptomology. Lower degree of friendship closeness (beta = -.12, p God (beta = -.15, p God) also existed relative to depressive symptoms (beta = .14, p God represented a greater risk for depressive symptoms. Second, greater friendship closeness in combination with greater secure attachment to God reduced the risk for depressive symptoms. Third, lower degree of friendship closeness combined with less secure attachment to God diminished the noxious effects of stress on depressive symptoms. This has implications relative to how social and spiritual resources can be used to reduce stress and improve quality of life for older adults residing in religious communities.

  11. Energy requirement assessed by doubly-labeled water method in patients with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis managed by tracheotomy positive pressure ventilation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ichihara, Noriko; Namba, Kazuyoshi; Ishikawa-Takata, Kazuko; Sekine, Kazunori; Takase, Mitsunori; Kamada, Yuko; Fujii, Seigo

    2012-10-01

    This study aimed to clarify the energy requirement in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) undergoing tracheostomy positive pressure ventilation with tracheostomy. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured in 10 hospitalized bedridden ALS patients using the doubly-labeled water (DLW) method. The mean TEE/day and TEE/fat- free mass estimated by DLW method were 934 ± 201 kcal/day and 34.8 ± 5.5 kcal/kg/day, respectively. The mean TEE/resting metabolic rate (RMR) was 0.85 when RMR was estimated by the Harris-Benedict equation, 0.91 by Dietary Reference Intake (DRI), and 0.97 by Ganpule's equation using fat-free mass (FFM). The ratios of TEE to measured RMR were 1.05, 1.15 and 1.23 in three patients. In conclusion, multiplying measured RMR by 1.1 to 1.2 is considered to be appropriate to estimate energy need. However, because it is difficult to measure RMR directly in a clinical setting, an appropriate equation for estimating RMR for ALS patient should be developed.

  12. Pope, interrupted. A qualitative study on memes, hashtags, and speech chains

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcus Vinicius Avelar

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available This article investigates the reaction, on Twitter, to Pope Benedict XVI’s resignation announcement. Specifically, this is a qualitative study in linguistic anthropology of how memes and hashtags circulated on Twitter between the day of the announcement of said resignation and the Pope’s last day in office, and identifies the speech chains created by them. The analysis of the corpus showed that Twitter users' deployment of hashtags serves two purposes: on the one hand, it creates a topic/comment structure that is later reproduced, modified or abandoned by other users. On the other hand, hashtags function as performative acts that create online ad hoc communities. In addition, this article also claims that English and Romance-language users created and circulated image and text-based memes differently, thus establishing two language-based speech chains. In sum, this article contributes to discussions on informational flux on online platforms by demonstrating that said flux does have constraints, and that those constraints are related to language-based communities of practice.

  13. Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene meeting at Manson House, London, 14 December 1995. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli--mucosal infection models.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Frankel, G; Phillips, A D; Hicks, S; Dougan, G

    1996-01-01

    The formation of attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions is central to the pathogenesis of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC)-mediated disease in humans and Citrobacter rodentium-mediated transmissible colonic hyperplasia in mice. Closely related outer membrane proteins, known as intimins, are required for formation of the A/E lesion by both EPEC and C. rodentium. In this study we found similar ultrastructural damage in small intestinal biopsies from an EPEC-infected child and large bowel specimens from C. rodentium-infected mice. The C. rodentium-infected large bowel biopsies revealed massive hyperplastic reactions and the infected human small intestinal biopsies showed an increase in total crypt cell number and mitotic index. EPEC-infected small intestinal organ cultures revealed bacteria adhering in a localized pattern and evidence of A/E lesions. Covaspheres coated with a biologically active cell-binding domain of intimin also adhered to cells in a localized fashion but did not induce the characteristic A/E lesions.

  14. A manuscript of De Saussure, Horace, Benedict on the origin of coal - Oratio de Lithantrace (1770) - science, business and environmental politics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Carozzi, A.V.; Newman, J.K. (Illinois University, Urbana, IL (USA). Dept. of Geology)

    1993-05-01

    18th century ideas about the origin of coal are presented. They ranged from thinking that coal and lignite were accumulations of resinous wood transported from forests to the sea, to coal being a shale impregnated by bituminous fluids, through to the idea, in 1778, that all types of coal are the products of peat having undergone different degrees of coalification.

  15. Caracterización de la diabetes mellitus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nelson Crespo Valdés

    2003-08-01

    Full Text Available Se estudiaron prospectivamente con igual protocolo de estudio 654 pacientes diabéticos del nivel primario de salud procedentes de las áreas de los policlínicos "Federico Capdevila", "René Bedia" y "Mario Muñoz" del municipio Boyeros; "Louis Pasteur" y "Turcios Lima", del municipio 10 de Octubre, así como "Bernardo Posse" del municipio San Miguel del Padrón, en el período comprendido de enero de 1987 a diciembre de 2000. El grupo etáreo más frecuente fue el de 45 a 64 años (47 % así como la duración clínica mayor de 10 años (51 %. Predominó la obesidad femenina en el 49,2 %, y la diabetes tipo II en el 91,4 %. El tratamiento más utilizado fue la glibenclamida (39 %, y el grado de control satisfactorio fue el más elevado (38 %. La educación diabetológica deficiente fue expresada en que el 24,5 % acudió a cursos de diabetes y solo el 38 % se realizó los exámenes Benedicts diariamente. La frecuencia de complicaciones de la serie fue la siguiente: cetoacidosis 5,5 %, retinopatía 23 %, nefropatía 7,3 %, neuropatía 12 %, hipertensión arterial 52,2 %, cardiopatía coronaria 29 % y amputación 3 %. Hubo 14 pacientes (2,1 % que presentaron ceguera uni o bilateral.A prospective study was made on 654 diabetic patients using the same protocol for all of them. They came from the primary health care areas of "Federico Capdevila", "René Bedia" and "Mario Muñoz" polyclinics located in Boyeros municipality; "Louis Pasteur" and "Turcios Lima" polyclinics situated in 10 de Octubre municipality and "Bernardo Posse" polyclinic located in San Miguel del Padrón municipality, in the period from January,1987 to December, 2000. The prevailing age group was 45-64 years-old (47% and the predominant clinical duration was over 10 years (51%.Obesity in females prevailed in 49,2% of cases and diabetes mellitus in 91,4%. Glibenclamide was the most used therapy (39%, satisfactory level of control was the highest. A deficient diabetic education was

  16. Nações e nacionalismos (a teoria, a história, a moral Nations and nationalisms (theory, history and morality

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diogo Ramada Curto

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available O artigo aborda a contribuição de Benedict Anderson para os estudos da nação e do nacionalismo nas ciências sociais e humanas, tendo como pretexto a reedição, em língua portuguesa, da sua mais conhecida obra, Comunidades imaginadas. Num primeiro momento, procede-se a um breve inventário genealógico dos estudos sobre a nação e sobre o nacionalismo, que visa sublinhar e interrogar o relativo desinteresse que as teorias sociais clássicas devotaram à ideia de nação e às suas formas específicas de incorporação política, econômica e sociocultural. Num segundo momento, reflete-se sobre o percurso intelectual e cívico do autor, contextualizando os seus interesses e as suas propostas analíticas, nomeadamente no que diz respeito à imaginação das identidades e comunidades nacionais e à sua organização em movimentos nacionalistas, mas também às noções de poder e às virtualidades e limites do método comparativo, ao papel das ideias e dos fenômenos culturais. Num terceiro momento, explora-se, de um ponto de vista crítico e reflexivo, as noções de imaginação e de comunidade na sua obra, articulando os seus sentidos e os seus usos e apropriações com os contextos históricos, acadêmicos e políticos, do seu percurso intelectual.The article examines Benedict Anderson's contribution to studies of the nation and nationalism in the social and human sciences, taking as its pretext the reissue in Portuguese of his most well-known work, Imagined Communities. The text begins with a brief genealogical survey of studies of the nation and nationalism, which seeks to emphasize and question the relative disinterest that classical social theories devote to the idea of the nation and its specific forms of political, economic and sociocultural incorporation. Next it turns to the author's intellectual and civic career, contextualizing his interests and his analytic propositions, specifically in terms of the imagination of national

  17. Place of lactase deficiency in the pathogenesis of rotavirus infection and possibilities of its correction

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E. V. Usachova

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available Rotavirus infection is one of the causes of the lactase deficiency. The pathogenesis of the lactase deficiency in this disease has been actively studied recently. But the dynamic changes of clinical and laboratory signs of the lactase deficiency in early age children on the background of rotavirus infection and methods of their correction are still not well investigated. The aim of research: tо enhance the effectiveness of treatment of rotavirus infection in early age children through the study of clinical and laboratory parameters of lactase deficiency gravity and development of the method of its correction. Materials and methods: the research bases on the results of examination of 40 children aged 1 to 18 months suffered with rotavirus infection, who were breastfed. 20 of them had been accepted basic and symptomatic therapy and were in the first group of observation. The second group consisted of another 20 at the same age patients with rotavirus infection, received drug lactase along with this therapy. All the children of the investigation groups had Benedict test (determining the content of carbohydrates in the faeces and pH-metry faeces and clinical, biochemical, immunochromatographic and bacteriological tests. Results: The most part of children had increased levels of carbohydrates in faeces on the day of hospitalization due the clinical manifestations of the disaccharidase deficiency (osmotic diarrhoea, flatulence, intestinal colic: on the day of hospitalization Benedict test result was 0,6±0,3%; increased to 1,0±0,3% on the third day and remained at the same level (0,9± 0,3% on the fifth day of the observation. Strongly acidic faeces pH (5,3±0,2was recorded on the day of hospitalization in absolute majority of patients (80% - 16 children. On the third day of the disease this rate was 5,3±0,2 and was strongly acidic in 75%, and only on the fifth day of the rotavirus infection there were observed the raising of the acidity of faeces

  18. Viscosity of diluted suspensions of vegetal particles in water

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Szydłowska Adriana

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Viscosity and rheological behaviour of sewage as well as sludge are essential while designing apparatuses and operations employed in the sewage treatment process and its processing. With reference to these substances, the bio-suspensions samples of three size fractions ((i 150÷212 μm, (ii 106÷150 μm and (iii below106 μm of dry grass in water with solid volume fraction 8%, 10% and 11% were prepared. After twenty four hours prior to their preparation time, the suspension samples underwent rheometeric measurements with the use of a rotational rheometer with coaxial cylinders. On the basis of the obtained results, flow curves were plotted and described with both the power model and Herschel-Bulkley model. Moreover, the viscosity of the studied substances was determined that allowed to conclude that the studied bio-suspensions display features of viscoelastic fluids. The experimentally established viscosity was compared to the calculated one according to Manley and Manson equation, recommended in the literature. It occurred that the measured viscosity values substantially exceed the calculation viscosity values, even by 105 times. The observations suggest that it stems from water imbibition of fibrous vegetal particles, which causes their swelling and decreases the amount of liquid phase in the suspension.

  19. Effect of microstructure on low cycle fatigue properties of ODS steels

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kubena, Ivo, E-mail: kubena@ipm.cz [IPM, Institute of Physics of Materials, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Zizkova 22, Brno (Czech Republic); Fournier, Benjamin [CEA/DEN/DANS/DMN/SRMA, Bat. 453, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex (France); Kruml, Tomas [CEITEC IPM, Institute of Physics of Materials, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Zizkova 22, Brno (Czech Republic)

    2012-05-15

    Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Three various ODS steels are studied and compared. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Low cycle fatigue data at RT, 650 Degree-Sign C and 750 Degree-Sign C are given. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Microstructural characterization. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Detailed discussion of strengthening mechanisms. - Abstract: Low cycle fatigue properties at room temperature, 650 Degree-Sign C and 750 Degree-Sign C of three high chromium steels (9%Cr ferritic-martensitic and two 14%Cr ferritic steels) strengthened by oxide dispersion were studied and compared. Cyclic softening/hardening curves, cyclic deformation curves, S-N curves and Coffin-Manson curves are presented together with microstructural observations. Differences in cyclic response, stress level and fatigue life are attributed to differences in the matrix microstructure. The oxide particles stabilize the cyclic response, even if cyclic softening is detected for some experimental conditions. The strength of these steels is discussed in terms of strengthening mechanisms such as grain size effect, particle-dislocations interaction and dislocation density. Comparing three different ODS steels offers an opportunity to tests the contribution of individual mechanisms to the cyclic strength. The reduction of fatigue life in one of the ferritic steels is explained by the presence of large grains, facilitating the fatigue crack nucleation and the early growth.

  20. Proposal of a methodology for computing damages from flexo-rotative fatigue considering the theory of the acting average stresses

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tanius Rodrigues Mansur; Alvaro Alvarenga Junior; Joao Mario Andrade Pinto; Wellington Antonio Soares; Ernani Sales Palma

    2005-01-01

    The useful life of metallic structures is many times governed by fatigue processes caused by vibrations or by application of dynamic loads, periodic or not. Many times the amplitude of the alternated stress applied to a structural component can vary during its useful life. In this situation the direct use of S-N-P curves cannot be done because they are generated on the basis of alternated stress with constant amplitude. Several theories have been developed during the last times, where some are deterministic and other probabilistic, in order to give a component designer a more efficient and correct tool for approaching the problem. They are called Theories on Damage Accumulation. The phenomenon of creating damages represents the generation of superficial discontinuities caused by micro-cracks or by volumetric cavities [Lemaitre and Chaboche, 1985]. In the continuous mechanics, the superficial density of micro-defects (micro-cracks or cavities) inside the shear plan of the representative element volume of the sample is the variable used to quantify the damage. A methodology for evaluating damage accumulation using average of stresses is proposed in this paper. Results obtained for a 50% failure probability are presented and are compared to those values obtained using the theories of Palmgren-Miner, Henry, Corten-Dolan, Marine, Manson, and Knee-point. (authors)

  1. Design, simulation and fabrication of a flexible bond pad with a hollow annular protuberance to improve the thermal fatigue lifetime for through-silicon vias

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Guilian; Ding, Guifu; Luo, Jiangbo; Niu, Di; Zhao, Junhong; Zhao, Xiaolin; Wang, Yan; Liu, Rui

    2014-01-01

    This paper presents a flexible bond pad (FBP) with a hollow annular protuberance to improve the thermal fatigue lifetime for its application to through-silicon vias (TSVs). The hollow annular protuberance structure across the interface between the filled copper in TSV and silicon substrate not only isolates the FBP from stress/strain concentration regions (the corners of the TSV) but also disperses TSV-induced deformation. The plastic strain distributions of the FBP and conventional plate-type bond pad (CPBP) were simulated by finite element method (FEM) under the temperature cycles. Based on the simulation results, the thermal fatigue lifetimes of the CPBP and the FBP with different TSV diameters were predicted by the Coffin–Manson equation. The results indicate that thermal fatigue lifetimes of the FBP are significantly greater than those of the CPBP and their fatigue lifetimes both decrease with the increase of TSV diameter. To examine the reliability of the predicted results, the CPBP and the FBP with TSV diameter of 100 µm were fabricated by MEMS technology and temperature cycling tests (TCTs) were performed to obtain their thermal fatigue lifetimes. The test results are in good agreement with the numerical simulation results, and it shows that the proposed FBP can effectively improve the thermal fatigue lifetime for TSVs. (paper)

  2. [Snuff. Historical film comments on a current topic].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Benecke, Mark

    2002-01-01

    The movie genre "snuff" appeared in the late 70s and shows the allegedly real, often cruel killing of people. More recently, a growing number of short video clips have been distributed via the internet, which also belong into this category and were clearly recognized as fictional on the basis of technical details by two study groups at the 80th Annual Meeting of the German Society of Legal Medicine held in Interlaken from 25 to 29 September 2001 (Schyma/Seidl). By means of a brief review of film history the article shows that "snuff movies" originated from a certain prevailing trend, examples of which are the murder of the actress Sharon Tate by the group around Charles Manson, the development of B horror movies, a promotional campaign for a film which flopped in 1971 (renamed several times by the distribution company from "American Cannibal" to "Snuff" to "Big Snuff") and elements of urban legends. Retrospectively there are no clues that Snuff films--i.e. movies openly distributed and actually available to the public, which were not private documentations found by the police at the homes of killers during investigations of homicides (such as in the murder series of the couple Bernardo/Homolka)--show real killings.

  3. Low cycle fatigue strength of some austenitic stainless steels at room temperature and elevated temperatures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Type 304, 316, and 316L stainless steels were tested from room temperature to 650 0 C using two kinds of bending test specimens. Particularly, Type 304 was tested at several cyclic rates and 550 0 and 650 0 C, and the effect of cyclic rate on its fatigue strength was investigated. Test results are summarized as follows: (1) The bending fatigue strength at room temperature test shows good agreement with the axial fatigue one, (2) Manson--Coffin's fatigue equation can be applied to the results, (3) the ratio of crack initiation to failure life becomes larger at higher stress level, and (4) the relation between crack propagation life and total strain range or elastic strain range are linear in log-log scale. This relation also agrees with the equations which were derived from some crack propagation laws. It was also observed at the elevated temperature test: (1) The reduction of fatigue strength is not noticeable below 500 0 C, but it is noted at higher temperature. (2) The cycle rate does not affect on fatigue strength in faster cyclic rate than 20 cpm and below 100,000 cycles life range. (3) Type 316 stainless steel shows better fatigue property than type 304 and 316L stainless steels. 30 figures

  4. A Combined High and Low Cycle Fatigue Model for Life Prediction of Turbine Blades

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shun-Peng Zhu

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Combined high and low cycle fatigue (CCF generally induces the failure of aircraft gas turbine attachments. Based on the aero-engine load spectrum, accurate assessment of fatigue damage due to the interaction of high cycle fatigue (HCF resulting from high frequency vibrations and low cycle fatigue (LCF from ground-air-ground engine cycles is of critical importance for ensuring structural integrity of engine components, like turbine blades. In this paper, the influence of combined damage accumulation on the expected CCF life are investigated for turbine blades. The CCF behavior of a turbine blade is usually studied by testing with four load-controlled parameters, including high cycle stress amplitude and frequency, and low cycle stress amplitude and frequency. According to this, a new damage accumulation model is proposed based on Miner’s rule to consider the coupled damage due to HCF-LCF interaction by introducing the four load parameters. Five experimental datasets of turbine blade alloys and turbine blades were introduced for model validation and comparison between the proposed Miner, Manson-Halford, and Trufyakov-Kovalchuk models. Results show that the proposed model provides more accurate predictions than others with lower mean and standard deviation values of model prediction errors.

  5. Racial Metabolism: Eugenic Studies in Jamaica and Yucatán, between 1920 and 1940

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joel Vargas Domínguez

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Objective: this paper shows the configuration of research conducted by the Carnegie Institution of Washington (CIW, in Jamaica and Yucatan, about basal metabolism on the onset of the twen­tieth century. I argue that this physiological research, conducted outside the usual laboratory spaces, used and articulated eugenics and racialized notions about the bodies under examination.Content: from the standpoint of the history of science I have analyzed the publications, reports and correspondence of the members of the Carnegie Institution expeditions. Conclusions: I show that basal metabolism was a measure constructed and used in the first half of the twentieth cen­tury with a strong eugenic and racial bias. Francis G. Benedict, Charles B. Davenport and Morris Steggerda from the CIW conducted these expeditions not only from the medical but also from the anthropological standpoint, in order to answer the question whether there was a climatic or racial effect on the body of the subjects analyzed. The results of the research were incorporated to the formulas used to evaluate the nutritional status of populations, fact that might have con­sequences nowadays on the way we understand metabolic “normality”.

  6. Density functional theory for adsorption of gas mixtures in metal-organic frameworks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Yu; Liu, Honglai; Hu, Ying; Jiang, Jianwen

    2010-03-04

    In this work, a recently developed density functional theory in three-dimensional space was extended to the adsorption of gas mixtures. Weighted density approximations to the excess free energy with different weighting functions were adopted for both repulsive and attractive contributions. An equation of state for hard-sphere mixtures and a modified Benedict-Webb-Rubin equation for Lennard-Jones mixtures were used to estimate the excess free energy of a uniform fluid. The theory was applied to the adsorption of CO(2)/CH(4) and CO(2)/N(2) mixtures in two metal-organic frameworks: ZIF-8 and Zn(2)(BDC)(2)(ted). To validate the theoretical predictions, grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations were also conducted. The predicted adsorption and selectivity from DFT were found to agree well with the simulation results. CO(2) has stronger adsorption than CH(4) and N(2), particularly in Zn(2)(BDC)(2)(ted). The selectivity of CO(2) over CH(4) or N(2) increases with increasing pressure as attributed to the cooperative interactions of adsorbed CO(2) molecules. The composition of the gas mixture exhibits a significant effect on adsorption but not on selectivity.

  7. The Use of a "Qual" Centrifuge for Greatly Simplifying and Speeding the Study of Milk

    Science.gov (United States)

    Petersen, Quentin R.

    1996-09-01

    Laboratory study of the constituents of milk is almost always slowed by difficult separation of relatively large amounts of curd and whey by filtration. In the two-and-one-half hour experiment described, only 5 mL of skim milk is used and the curd is separated from the whey by using a simple "qual" centrifuge. Casein and serum proteins are quickly isolated as solids in essentially-quantitative yields in a procedure utilizing only two 13 x 100 mm test tubes and a 50 mL beaker along with the centrifuge and a hotplate. Protein solutions are prepared in the test tubes in which they were isolated and subjected to a variety of classical tests, the most dramatic of which is the Hopkins-Cole test which shows the presence of tryptophan in casein and its absence in serum protein. An essentially-quantitative yield of solid lactose is obtained by evaporation of the supernatant liquid obtained from the serum protein centrifugation. A lactose solution is subjected to Benedict's and Barfoed's tests, identifying it as a disaccharide. Sufficient time is available to compare the fat and enzyme contents of raw milk and skim milk.

  8. CARACTERIZACIÓN QUÍMICA Y OBTENCIÓN DE BIOETANOL DEL RESIDUO SÓLIDO DEL PROCESAMIENTO DEL ALMIDÓN DE YUCA

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    Maria Yahaira Marcillo Zambrano

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del trabajo fue obtener bioetanol de los residuos del material lignocelulósico de la corteza de yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz del procesamiento de almidón, en San Pablo de Tarugo, sometidos a pre tratamiento. Se hidrolizó el material con dos concentraciones de ácido muriático (75% y 100%, tres tiempos de reacción (20, 30 y 40 min a una temperatura de 60ºC en una relación peso – volumen 1/10. Se efectuó la identificación cualitativa (ensayo de lugol, Benedict y Fehling y cuantitativa de los azúcares reductores. Con los resultados obtenidos se logró determinar el mejor tratamiento según la cantidad de azúcares reductores mediante el análisis de varianza. Obteniéndose producción de azúcares reductores de 41.73 g/L por hidrólisis con ácido muriático al 100% y tiempo de reacción de 40 minutos, fermentándose con inóculo de 7 g/L de levadura comercial Levapan (Saccharomyces cerevisae a los 30 días se obtuvo 17ºGL.

  9. Interreligious Dialogue: A Roman Catholic Perspective

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    Gregory Baum

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available To promote peace, justice and freedom in a deeply divided world, the Catholic Church at Vatican Council II promulgated the declaration Nostra aetate in 1965,expressing its respect for the world religions and recommending dialogue and cooperation with their followers. This was a startling event, since from its very beginning the Catholic Church, and in fact all the Christian Churches, wanted to convert the entire world to the Christian faith. Nostae aetate also transformed the relationship of the Catholic Church’s to Jews and Judaism. This innovative teaching has raised theological questions that have not yet been fully answered. A certain lack of clarity has allowed some conservative Catholics to pretend the Church has not changed its mind. The present paper examines the new teaching in regard to Judaism and the world religions and record the gradual turn to greater openness on the part of Cardinal Ratzinger/Benedict XVI. That interreligious dialogue is capable of transforming the participants. Since religions also have a dark side, at times legitimating unjust regimes or fostering contempt of outsiders, it will be argued that that interreligious dialogue must also listen to the critical thinkers of the Enlightenment.

  10. Diagnosis of prostate cancer via nanotechnological approach

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    Kang BJ

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Benedict J Kang,1,2,* Minhong Jeun,1,2,* Gun Hyuk Jang,1,2 Sang Hoon Song,3 In Gab Jeong,3 Choung-Soo Kim,3 Peter C Searson,4 Kwan Hyi Lee1,2 1KIST Biomedical Research Institute, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST, 3Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 4Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among the Caucasian adult males in Europe and the USA. Currently available diagnostic strategies for patients with prostate cancer are invasive and unpleasant and have poor accuracy. Many patients have been overly or underly treated resulting in a controversy regarding the reliability of current conventional diagnostic approaches. This review discusses the state-of-the-art research in the development of novel noninvasive prostate cancer diagnostics using nanotechnology coupled with suggested diagnostic strategies for their clinical implication.Keywords: bioassay, nanomaterial, nanodevice, PSA, non-PSA biomarker, bodily fluid

  11. Formations of Feeling, Constellation of Things

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    Ben Highmore

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available This essay revisits Raymond Williams’s notion of ‘structures of feeling’ with the intention of clarifying what Williams meant by ‘feelings’, and of exploring the concept’s possible range and reach within the study of culture. It recovers the initial anthropological context for the phrase by reconnecting it to the work of Ruth Benedict and Gregory Bateson. It goes on to suggest that while the analysis of ‘structures of feeling’ has been deployed primarily in studies of literary and filmic culture it might be usefully extended towards the study of more ubiquitous forms of material culture such as clothing, housing, food, furnishings and other material practices of daily living. Indeed it might be one way of explaining how formations of feeling are disseminated, how they suture us to the social world and how feelings are embedded in the accoutrements of domestic, habitual life. The essay argues that by joining together a socially phenomenological interest in the world of things, accompanied by an attention to historically specific moods and atmospheres, ‘structures of feelings’ can direct analyses towards important mundane cultural phenomena.

  12. Association of energy intake and expenditure with obesity: A cross-sectional study of 150 pediatric patients following treatment for leukemia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Srivastava, Richa; Batra, Atul; Dhawan, Deepa; Bakhshi, Sameer

    2017-02-01

    Increased obesity in leukemia survivors has been attributed to chemotherapy and radiation. Data on total energy intake (TEI) and total energy expenditure (TEE) are lacking in obese childhood leukemia patients after completion of therapy from India. We conducted a cross-sectional study in pediatric acute leukemia patients after completion of therapy wherein energy intake was assessed by 24-hour recall method. TEE was calculated using Harris-Benedict equation, by assessing the physical activity level using Physical Activity Questionnaire for children and basal metabolic rate by World Health Organization equation. Indian Academy of Pediatrics 2015 guidelines for BMI were used for defining overweight and obesity. Nutritional status was assessed in 150 leukemia patients after completion of therapy. Twenty-five percent of leukemia patients after completion of therapy were overweight and obese versus 11% of healthy controls (p = 0.042). The mean ratio of TEI/required energy intake (REI), TEE/required energy expenditure (REE), and (TEI:REI)/(TEE:REE) were significantly higher in overweight and obese group versus nonobese survivors (p obesity. Obesity in leukemia patients after completion of therapy is associated with increased energy intake, causing imbalance between energy intake and TEE in these patients.

  13. Habitat heterogeneity in the assemblages and shell use by the most abundant hermit crabs (Anomura: Diogenidae and Paguridae: does the occupied shell species differ according to gender and species?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gilson Stanski

    Full Text Available Abstract The goal of this study was to identify patterns of shell occupation by different species of hermit crabs from the southern Brazilian coast. In total, 644 individuals were collected, represented by six hermit species. Isocheles sawayai Forest & Saint Laurent, 1968 showed the highest abundance, with 575 individuals, followed by Loxopagurus loxochelis (Moreira, 1901 (n = 56. The other species were Petrochirus diogenes (Linnaeus, 1758, Dardanus insignis (Saussure, 1858, Pagurus exilis (Benedict, 1892 and Pagurus leptonyx Forest & Saint Laurent, 1968. Loxopagurus loxochelis was found associated with shells of 12 gastropod species, with 75% of males occupying shells of Olivancilaria urceus (Roding, 1798 and 78% of females inhabiting shells of Semicassis granulata (Born, 1778. Shells of Semicassis granulata were the lightest of all gastropod shells, demonstrating differential resource utilization. Additionally, I. sawayai occupied shells of 10 species, highlighting Stramonita haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1767 with the highest occupation percentage in all demographic classes, confirming a pattern of occupation with a strong relationship to the availability of the resource. The comparison of our results with those of other studies corroborated the influence of region and gastropod diversity on gastropod shell occupation.

  14. Investigation of two and three parameter equations of state for cryogenic fluids

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jenkins, S.L.; Majumdar, A.K.; Hendricks, R.C.

    1990-01-01

    Two-phase flows are a common occurrence in cryogenic engines and an accurate evaluation of the heat-transfer coefficient in two-phase flow is of significant importance in their analysis and design. The thermodynamic equation of state plays a key role in calculating the heat transfer coefficient which is a function of thermodynamic and thermophysical properties. An investigation has been performed to study the performance of two- and three-parameter equations of state to calculate the compressibility factor of cryogenic fluids along the saturation loci. The two-parameter equations considered here are van der Waals and Redlich-Kwong equations of state. The three-parameter equation represented here is the generalized Benedict-Webb-Rubin (BWR) equation of Lee and Kesler. Results have been compared with the modified BWR equation of Bender and the extended BWR equations of Stewart. Seven cryogenic fluids have been tested; oxygen, hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, argon, neon, and air. The performance of the generalized BWR equation is poor for hydrogen and helium. The van der Waals equation is found to be inaccurate for air near the critical point. For helium, all three equations of state become inaccurate near the critical point. 13 refs

  15. Review and assessment of thermodynamic and transport properties for the CONTAIN Code

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Valdez, G.D.

    1988-12-01

    A study was carried out to review available data and correlations on the thermodynamic and transport properties of materials applicable to the CONTAIN computer code. CONTAIN is the NRC's best-estimate, mechanistic computer code for modeling containment response to a severe accident. Where appropriate, recommendations have been made for suitable approximations for material properties of interests. Based on a modified Benedict-Webb-Rubin (BWR) equation of state, a procedure is introduced for calculating thermodynamic properties for common gases in the CONTAIN code. These gases are nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, steam, helium, and argon. The thermodynamic equations for density, currently represented in CONTAIN by relatively simple fits, were independently checked and are recommended to be replaced by the Lee-Kesler equation of state which substantially improves accuracy without too much sacrifice in computational efficiency. The accuracy of the calculated values have been found to be generally acceptable. Various correlations and models for single component gas transport properties, viscosity and thermal conductivity, were also assessed with available experimental data. When a suitable correlation or model was not available, transport properties were obtained by performing least-squares fit on experimental data. 50 refs., 126 figs., 3 tabs

  16. Protest against social inequalities in B.W. Vilakazi’s poem 'Ngoba ... sewuthi' ('Because ... you now say'

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    N. Zondi

    2005-07-01

    Full Text Available Long before the National Party institutionalised apartheid in 1948, individuals and organisations tried to highlight the injustices of the colonial capitalist system in South Africa, but, as Lodge (1983:6 puts it, “it all ended in speeches”. This article seeks to demonstrate how Benedict Wallet Vilakazi effectively broke the silence by bringing the plight of the black masses to the attention of the world. He strongly protested against the enslavement of black labourers, especially in the gold and diamond mines, that he depicts as responsible for the human, psychological and physical destruction of the black working classes. As a self-appointed spokesperson of the oppressed, he protested against the injustices through the medium of his poetry. One of his grave concerns was the fact that black workers had been reduced to a class with no name, no rights, practically with no life and no soul. The chosen poem “Ngoba … sewuthi” (Because … you now say is thus representative of the poems in which B.W Vilakazi externalised his commitment to the well-being of the black workers, and his protest against the insensitivity of white employers.

  17. Jednadžbe stanja realnih plinova

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simeon, V.

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available The properties of classical real gases, especially their deviations from ideal behaviour, are reviewed. After a brief overview of molecular interactions, the so-called traditional ('primitive' model is presented and shown to be applicable not only to monoatomic but also for many polyatomicclassical gases. Two-coefficient equation of state was derived by using virial theorem. The best known equation of state for real gases – van der Waals equation - was derived by using canonical partition function. Among the empirical equations of state, Kamerlingh-Onnes' virial expansionwas described, as well as some equations of state frequently used in technical thermodynamics (Redlich-Kwong, Peng-Robinson and Benedict-Webb-Rubin. A review of statistical models of real gases is given. Cluster model is presented where all deviations from perfect gas behaviour are described by configuration integral. In addition, the limits of the cluster model are given. The Kirkwood's model of integral equation is also discussed. This model, unlike the Mayer's cluster model, is based on a hierarchy of radial distribution functions for many molecules. Finally, the methods of numerical simulation (Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics are shortly reviewed

  18. Identitás és elutasítás – előítéletesség az európai országokban. - Identity and refusal - presence of prejudice in European countries

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    FEKETE, Mariann

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Our research focuses on establishing the historical and developmental reasons in diff erences of level of social prejudice in Europe. As to our hypothesis the historical differences of development as described by Jenő Szücs and the typology of Benedict Anderson of state nations (or political nations and culture nations define still today the level of prejudice in the European countries. The research based on the GFE 2008 data base compares 4 attitude types: feelings towards immigrants, sexism, homophobe and anti-semitism. The study compares the relevant attitude levels of the countries of political nation and of culture nation origins and furthermore measures the individual performance of each country. The research proves that countries do not reflect patterns of their original nation formations. In all dimensions Hungary and Poland show highest levels, while Germany and Italy, also part of the group of culture nations, are among the lowest levels of prejudice. Therefore we offer further possible frameworks of interpretations, including the centre-periphery relation, the possible interconnectivity between material wealth and level of prejudice as well as the possible effect European Union membership may have on influencing levels of attitudes.

  19. Cross – altar – orientation of the offered prayer

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    Jarosław A. Superson

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available This article presents a brief history of the orientation of the altar in the liturgical space, the cross with the image of the Crucified on it and the direction of the liturgical prayers from the altar. In the Church’s history the altar was usually placed in the apse or among the congregation. For hundreds of years there was a rule that the celebrant standing at the altar and the faithful participating in the Mass offered prayers to eastern direction. In the first millennium at the Roman Catholic Church only consecration gifts were being placed on the altar, and only at the beginning of the second millennium first the candelabra, than the crucifix were put on. After accepting the Dialogue Mass and the versus populum celebration by the Second Vatican Council, the cross was placed near the altar usually as the processional cross with the image of Jesus Christ facing the faithful. Since 2007, during the celebration of the Eucharist presided by Pope Benedict XVI the cross stands in the center of the altar with the image of the Crucified directed towards the principal celebrant.

  20. God’s Word in The Bible and in The Mission to Evangelize: fifty years after Dei Verbum

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Johan Konings

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available At the 50th. anniversary of the constitution Dei Verbum of Council Vatican II, we perceive its working in Catholic thought of the last decade, especially in Verbum Domini of Pope Benedict XVI, in the “document of  Aparecida” (CELAM and in Evangelii Gaudium of Pope Francis. Starting from the consideration of the dialogic word as space of creative “letting-be” for the other, we highlight the human-divine character of God’s Word as creative and “humanized” in Christ. The living Tradition of the Church, that configures in his womb the Christian Scripture as fundamental rule of its faith, keeps the memoria Christi, the Word present in celebration and announcement, not only to those who stay outside, but, urgently, in the permanent formation and mystagogical accompanying of those who are considered Christians. The memoria Christi is guarded and interpreted also in the Christian life praxis. So we evoke the complex interaction of human and divine, memory and presence, word and praxis of faith, in order to value specially the human word, if authentic and dialogic, at the service of the humanatio of God’s word, that is also divinization of human word.

  1. Prediction of basal metabolic rate in overweight/obese and non-obese subjects and its relation to pulmonary function tests.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Merghani, Tarig H; Alawad, Azza O; Ibrahim, Rihab M; Abdelmoniem, Asim M

    2015-08-15

    Few studies investigated the association between basal metabolic rate (BMR) and indicators of pulmonary function. This study was conducted to estimate BMR in overweight/obese and non-obese healthy subjects using four commonly used predictive equations and to investigate its relation to the indicators of lung function tests (LFT). A cross sectional study was conducted in Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. A total of 201 students (98 males and 103 females) participated in the study. Four different values of BMR were calculated for each participant using four different predictive equations (Harris-Benedict, Mifflin, FAO/WHO/UNU and Henry-Rees). A portable All-flow spirometer (Clement Clarke International, Harlow, UK) was used for measurements of LFT. Significantly higher values of spirometric indicators (p BMR values predicted with the four equations were significantly higher in the males compared to the females and among the overweight/obese compared to the non-obese subjects (p BMR values and the indicators of LFT was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Mean values of LFT indicators are not related to the estimated values of BMR. A practical calculation of BMR based on direct measurement of oxygen consumption is recommended to confirm the absence of this association.

  2. Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Meeting at Manson House, London, 12 December 1996. HIV and pneumococcal infection in Africa. Microbiological aspects.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Paul, J

    1997-01-01

    By the 1930s several studies had shown that Streptococcus pneumoniae was an important pathogen in Nairobi (Kenya) and various risk factors for infection were recognized, including seasonally cold conditions, overcrowding and recent arrival in the city. Research into pneumococcal disease declined with the arrival of penicillin but recently interest has been rekindled by recognition of the pneumococcus as a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated pathogen and by the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The pneumococcus and its association with HIV were studied during the course of the Wellcome Trust/Kenya Medical Research Institute HIV Programme in Nairobi (1988-1993). There were generally high rates of pneumococcal disease. The pneumococcus (with tuberculosis and salmonellosis) was a major HIV-related pathogen. One study showed HIV seropositivity to confer a relative risk of 17.8 for pneumococcal infection. Recurrent infection accounted for a large proportion (25%) of disease episodes in a longitudinally studied cohort of HIV patients. There were higher pneumococcal carriage rates in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative patients (28% vs. 16%, P = 0.003). High rates of resistance were found to penicillin (25%). Molecular characterization of penicillin-resistant strains identified 11 separate clones, showing great genetic diversity in a small sample of isolates, and there was evidence of horizontal spread of penicillin-binding protein genes between separate lineages. Molecular characterization of isolates from patients with recurrent disease suggested that both relapse and reinfection might occur. There was molecular evidence of transfer of capsular genes between clones (serotype switching). The overall spectrum of serotypes resembled those reported elsewhere, most serotypes being included in the 23-valent vaccine. Higher numbered serotypes were associated with respiratory tract source and antibiotic resistance. Various methods were used to show 82% concordance between pernasal and blood isolates in pneumonia cases. HIV-seropositive patients were more prone to infection with penicillin- and tetracycline-resistant organisms than seronegative patients (penicillin, 27% vs. 7%; tetracycline, 40% vs. 17%), a difference reflected by different serotype profiles in the 2 groups. These studies highlight the importance of the pneumococcus as an HIV-related pathogen in one part of Africa. The high rates of antibiotic resistance are a cause of concern. There should be continued monitoring of resistance patterns, and assessments of the significance of pneumococcal disease made elsewhere in Africa are to be encouraged.

  3. A compact soft x-ray (0.1–1.2 keV) calibration bench for radiometric measurements using an original versatile Rowland circle grazing incidence monochromator

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hubert, S., E-mail: sebastien.hubert@cea.fr

    2017-05-21

    This paper describes an original Rowland circle grazing incidence spectrometer used as a monochromator for a soft x-ray Manson source in order to calibrate both the source and detectors over the 0.1–1.2 keV spectral range. The originality of the instrument lies on a patented vacuum manipulator which allows the simultaneous boarding of two detectors, one (reference) for measuring the monochromatic radiation and the second to be calibrated. In order to achieve this, the vacuum manipulator is able to interchange, in vacuum, one detector with the other in front of the exit slit of the monochromatizing stage. One purpose of this apparatus was to completely eliminate the intrinsic bremsstrahlung emission of the x-ray diode source and isolate each characteristic line for quantitative detector calibrations. Obtained spectral resolution (Δλ/λ<10{sup −2}) and spectral purity (>98%) fully meet this objective. Initially dimensioned to perform calibration of bulky x-ray cameras unfolded on the Laser MégaJoule Facility, other kinds of detector can be obviously calibrated using this instrument. A brief presentation of the first calibration of an x-ray CCD through its quantum efficiency (QE) measurement is included in this paper as example. Comparison with theoretical model for QE and previous measurements at higher energy are finally presented and discussed.

  4. Revisiting the concept of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and its challenges using traditional and new tools

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Roberto Lambertucci

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Different aspects of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis are revisited here. Manson's schistosomiasis causes periportal fibrosis and portal hypertension in approximately 6% of infected subjects, usually with preservation of their hepatic function. The assessment of liver involvement is of major importance in determining the prognosis and risk of complications from schistosomiasis, such as upper digestive bleeding secondary to variceal rupture. For many years, the diagnosis of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and liver fibrosis was made by abdominal palpation and the finding of liver and/or spleen enlargement. However, there is no consensus regarding the clinical parameters of the liver and spleen to be considered in this physical evaluation. For the last three decades, abdominal ultrasound (US has become the best imaging technique to evaluate liver fibrosis caused by schistosomiasis mansoni. However, US is a subjective procedure and is therefore examiner-dependent. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI findings have provided valuable information in addition to ultrasound and clinical examination. The combination of a comprehensive history and physical examination, basic laboratory tests (a stool examination for Schistosoma mansoni eggs and a blood cell count, biomarkers for liver fibrosis/portal hypertension and imaging methods seem to offer the best approach for evaluating patients with this disease. In situations where research is involved or in patients with severe disease, MRI may be considered.

  5. Study on durability of welded bellows. Fatigue life of bellows with crack in welded bead

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hirata, Osamu; Okada, Ken; Yanagisawa, Takasi; Nakajima, Akira.

    1994-01-01

    Reports of study for welded bellows with cracks have apparently not been published to date. The purpose of this investigation is to understand the relationship between the state of stress of welded bellows with micro cracks and the fatigue life. Stresses of welded bellows with cracks were calculated for several different crack lengths by finite element method (FEM), and lives of bellows with cracks were examined by fatigue test. The fatigue life, i.e. the number of cycles to failure was arranged against the remaining wall thickness measured after test instead of the crack length. As a result, it was found that there is a regular relationship between the stress amplitude of peak stress calculated by FEM and the fatigue life of bellows. And then, it was shown that the life of bellows becomes longer than the life estimated using a theoretical S-N curve calculated by Manson's method. Stress intensity factor range (ΔK) and crack propagation rate (da/dN) were also calculated using the results of stress analysis by FEM and fatigue test. The relationship between ΔK and da/dN obtained was almost coincident with the earlier result of fatigue crack growth test of Inconel 718 in the region of da/dN > 1.5x10 -6 mm/cycle, and the propriety of the present results was confirmed. (author)

  6. Retinal fluorescein contrast arrival time of young patients with the hepatosplenic form of the Schistosomiasis mansoni

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Catarina Delgado de Souza

    2002-10-01

    Full Text Available Schistosoma mansoni is responsible for lesions that can alter the hemodinamic of the portal venous circulation, lung arterial and venous sistemic systems. Therefore, hemodinamic changes in the ocular circulation of mansonic schistosomotic patients with portal hypertension and hepatofugal venous blood flow is also probable. The purpose of this study was to determine the fluorescein contrast arrival time at the retina of young patients with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis, clinically and surgically treated. The control group included 36 non schistosomotic patients, mean age of 17.3 years, and the case group was represented by 25 schistosomotic patients, mean age of 18.2 years, who were cared for at The University Hospital (Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil, from 1990 to 2001. They underwent digital angiofluoresceinography and were evaluated for the contrast arrival time at the early retinal venous phase of the exam. Both groups were ophthalmologically examined at the same hospital (Altino Ventura Foundation, Recife, Brazil, using the same technique. There was retardation of the retinal contrast arrival time equal or more than 70 sec in the eyes of three schistosomotic patients (12% and in none of the control group, however, the mean contrast arrival time between the two groups were not statistically different. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that there could be a delay of the eye venous blood flow drainage.

  7. Passage of ingested Mansonella ozzardi (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) microfilariae through the midgut of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vaughan, Jefferson A; Bell, Jeffrey A; Turell, Michael J; Chadee, Dave D

    2007-01-01

    When virus and microfilariae are ingested concurrently by a mosquito, microfilariae (mf) may penetrate the mosquito midgut and introduce virus directly into the mosquito hemocoel, allowing mosquitoes to become infectious much sooner than normal and enhancing transmission of viruses by mosquitoes. Mansonella ozzardi (Manson) is a benign filarial nematode parasite of humans in Latin America and is transmitted by black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) and biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Because M. ozzardi and dengue are sympatric, we wanted to know whether M. ozzardi mf had the ability to penetrate the midgut of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) and thus play a potential role in the enhancement of dengue transmission. To test this, the F1 progeny from locally collected Ae. aegypti were fed on M. ozzardi-infected human males in an endemic village in northern Trinidad. Mosquitoes were dissected at various times after feeding and examined for mf in the midguts and thoraces. Microfilariae penetrated the midguts of 43% of 63 mosquitoes that ingested mf. Overall, 11% of mf penetrated the midgut by 17 h after being ingested. The intensity of midgut penetration was positively correlated to the numbers of mf ingested. Because midgut penetration is a key requirement for mf enhancement to occur, the potential exists that M. ozzardi could be involved in the enhancement of dengue virus transmission.

  8. Low cycle fatigue behavior of die cast Mg-Al-Mn-Ce magnesium alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wu Wei

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Fatigue failure is a main failure mode for magnesium and other alloys. It is beneficial for fatigue design and fatigue life improvement to investigate the low cycle fatigue behavior of magnesium alloys. In order to investigate the low cycle fatigue behavior of die cast Mg-Al-Mn-Ce magnesium alloy, the strain controlled fatigue experiments were performed at room temperature and fatigue fracture surfaces of specimens were observed with scanning election microscopy for the alloys under die-cast and aged states. Cyclic stress response curves, strain amplitude versus reversals to failure curve, total strain amplitude versus fatigue life curves and cyclic stress-strain curves of Mg-Al-Mn-Ce alloys were analyzed. The results show that the Mg-Al-Mn-Ce alloys under die-cast (F and aged (T5 states exhibit cyclic strain hardening under the applied total strain amplitudes, and aging treatment could greatly increase the cyclic stress amplitudes of die cast Mg-Al-Mn-Ce alloys. The relationships between the plastic strain amplitude, the elastic strain amplitude and reversals to failure of Mg-Al-Mn-Ce magnesium alloy under different treatment states could be described by Coffin-Manson and Basquin equations, respectively. Observations on the fatigue fracture surface of specimens reveal that the fatigue cracks initiate on the surface of specimens and propagate transgranularly.

  9. Low-cycle fatigue deformation characteristics of Haynes {reg{underscore}sign} HR-120{reg{underscore}sign} alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liaw, P.K.; He, Y.H.; Miller, L.; Huang, M.; Brooks, C.R.; Seeley, R.R.; Klarstrom, D.L.

    1999-07-01

    Low-cycle fatigue deformation characteristics of HAYNES HR-120 alloy at room and high temperatures were studied under axial strain control. Test results show that there is a significant effect of test temperature on the low-cycle fatigue behavior of HAYNES HR-120 alloy. It was found that the alloy could cyclically harden at moderately high temperatures (649 C and 871 C), but generally cyclically soften at room temperature (24 C) and high temperature (982 C). However, the variation of the stress amplitude with cycles at the temperatures of 24 C and 982 C depended on the total strain range. The significant cyclic hardening of the alloy occurred at the high total strain ranges of 1.5% and 2.0% during the beginning state of the test at both 24C and 982 C. Microstructural analyses indicated that the cyclic hardening behavior of the alloy at the test temperature of 649 C could be related to the formation of a number of deformation bands. Nevertheless, increasing the test temperature to 871 C, cyclic hardening was attributed to the precipitation of secondary-phase particles. Furthermore, it was also found that the coarsening of secondary-phase particles brought about cyclic softening of the alloy at the high temperature of 982 C. Coffin-Manson equations and Holloman equations were given for HAYNES HR-120 alloy at different temperatures.

  10. New aspects about reduced LCF-life time of spherical ductile cast iron due to dynamic strain aging at intermediate temperatures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mouri, Hayato; Wunderlich, Wilfried; Hayashi, Morihito

    2009-01-01

    Spherical ductile cast iron (FCD400) is widely used as container material in nuclear energy processing line due to its superior mechanical properties and low price. Fatigue properties in low cycle fatigue (LCF) can be described well by the Manson-Coffin-Basquin's rule. However, at intermediate temperature range between 453 and 723 K the elongation-temperature-diagram shows a significantly 20-10% reduced elongation and an increase in yield stress in tensile test experiments. These non-linear deviations and the phenomenon of less ductility at intermediate temperatures are known for a long time [K. Chijiiwa, M. Hayashi, Mechanical properties of ductile cast iron at temperature in the region of room temperature to liquid, Imono 51 (7) (2004) 395-400]. But the following explanation is presented for the first time. In the same temperature range as the reduced fatigue life time dynamic strain ageing (DSA) also known as Portevin-le-Chartelier effect with the formation of visible serrations occurs. Both phenomena are explained by interaction effects between carbon diffusion and dislocation velocity which have at this temperature the same order of magnitude. However, this phenomenon shows interesting behavior at intermediate temperature range. During the low cycle fatigue test, DSA phenomenon disappeared, but mechanical properties show clear evidence of DSA phenomenon. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study the correlation of DSA occurrence, LCF and mechanical properties.

  11. The Effect of Genre-Based Teaching on EFL Learners' Speaking Performance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohammad Bagher Khatibi

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Abstract The present study examined the effect of genre-based tasks on EFL learners' speaking performance and probed whether genre-based tasks may empower EFL learners to perform better on speaking tests. A further concern of the study was to explore whether the effect of genre-based tasks on speaking ability of EFL learners varied across different age groups, i.e. teenagers (13-16 years old and young adults (24-27 years old. To this end, some generic based consciousness-raising tasks (CRT were adapted from the model proposed by Benedict (2006 to develop control of a genre used as the treatment procedures. Two different speaking tests of different genres (e.g. recount, report, review, etc., used as pretest and posttest, were administered to 120 senior university students majoring in English language translation. The results indicated that consciousness-raising tasks significantly affected EFL learners' speaking performance. However, the effect of generic-based CRTs did not vary across different age groups. Overall, the findings provided empirical support for the facilitative effect of generic-based consciousness-raising tasks on speaking performance of EFL learners. The findings may promise implications for EFL speaking syllabuses and provide guidelines to designers to accommodate the insights derived from the genre-based instruction perspective.

  12. Comparison of resting energy equations and total energy expenditure in haemodialysis patients and body composition measured by multi-frequency bioimpedance.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oliveira, Ben; Sridharan, Sivakumar; Farrington, Ken; Davenport, Andrew

    2017-07-13

    Waste products of metabolism are retained in haemodialysis (HD) patients. Cellular metabolism generates energy, and patients with greater energy expenditure may therefore require more dialysis. To determine the amount of dialysis required, equations estimating resting and total energy expenditure (REE,TEE) are required. We compared estimates of REE in HD patients using established equations with a novel equation recently validated in HD patients (HD equation). TEE was derived from REE (HD equation) and estimates of physical activity obtained by questionnaire. REE and TEE relationships with bioimpedance measured body composition were then determined. We studied 317 HD patients; 195 males (61.5%), 123 diabetic (38.9%), mean age 65.0 ± 15.3 and weight 73.1 ± 16.8 kg. REE from HD Equation was 1509 ± 241 kcal/day, which was greater than for Mifflin St Joer 1384 ± 259, Harris-Benedict 1437 ± 244, Katch-McArdle 1345 ± 232 (all p employment (β 406.5, p appearance (β 2.7, p = 0.015), and negatively with age (β -7.9, p appearance, lower co-morbidity, age, and dialysis vintage, and the employed. More metabolically active patients may require greater dialytic clearances. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  13. Niveles de fenol y ácido hipúrico en trabajadores de talleres de latoneria y pintura, Maracay, Venezuela, 2016 | Levels of phenol and hippuric acid in workers of workshop of sheet and painting, Maracay, Venezuela, 2016

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Franklin Pacheco

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available The use of organic solvents such as benzene and toluene, causes in the people with high exposure a series of serious health effects, among which stand out neurotoxicity and cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of phenol and hippuric acid, in the urine, as biological indicators of exposure to benzene and toluene. A descriptive, observational, cross-correlation and field study was carried out in which 20 workers with occupational exposure to benzene and 20 without occupational exposure participated, with prior informed consent. The Theis-Benedict method was used for the determination of phenol, NIOSH 8300 for hippuric acid and Jaffé modified for the determination of creatinine, in urine samples taken at the end of the working day. Phenol/crea, levels in the exposure group ranged from 98.23 to 102.34 mg/g-crea (Mean = 97.89; SD = 3.69 and 8.21 to 33.21 mg/g-creatinine in the group without exposure (Mean = 15.16; SD = 6.23. In addition, a statistically significant difference (p 0.05. Workers did not wear personal protective equipment (PPE and work under poor hygiene conditions, which increases exposure to benzene. The low concentration of urinary hippuric acid implies a low toluene exposure.

  14. High prevalence of malnutrition and deranged relationship between energy demands and food intake in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mohan, A; Poulose, R; Kulshreshtha, I; Chautani, A M; Madan, K; Hadda, V; Guleria, R

    2017-07-01

    The relation between dietary intake and metabolic profile in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was evaluated. Patients with NSCLC were recruited and their caloric requirement and resting energy expenditure (REE) were calculated using the Harris-Benedict equation and Katch-McArdle formula respectively. Hypermetabolic state was defined as REE more than 10% above the basal metabolic rate (BMR). Body composition parameters were calculated by bioelectric impedance method. The 24-h dietary intake method and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool assessed nutritional intake. One hundred and forty-eight subjects were included (87% males). Of these, 46.6% subjects were hypermetabolic and 31% cachexic, with lower calorie and protein intakes than recommended, although per cent of total energy derived from protein, fat and carbohydrates were similar. Hypermetabolic patients had lower BMI, though the per cent deficit in energy and protein consumption was similar. Cachexia was associated with lower BMR but not with deficit in energy or protein consumption. No correlation was seen between dietary intake and body composition parameters. The calorie and protein intake of NSCLC patients is lower than recommended. The discordance between elevated REE and dietary intake implies that the relationship between increased energy demands and food intake may be altered. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  15. Resting energy expenditure and body composition in bedridden institutionalized elderly women with advanced-stage pressure sores.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sergi, Giuseppe; Coin, Alessandra; Mulone, Silvana; Castegnaro, Eugenio; Giantin, Valter; Manzato, Enzo; Busetto, Luca; Inelmen, Emine Meral; Marin, Sara; Enzi, Giuliano

    2007-03-01

    Our study investigated nutritional status, body composition, and resting energy expenditure (REE) in elderly patients with advanced-stage pressure sores (PS), in addition to researching any hypermetabolic condition and its relationship with PS size. The study involved 52 institutionalized bedridden elderly women (aged 83.7 +/- 6.3 years), divided into two groups: 23 with advanced-stage (stage 3 and 4) PS and 29 without PS. Albumin, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein were measured in all patients, and fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) were obtained by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). REE was measured by indirect calorimetry and predicted with the Harris-Benedict formula. PS area and volume were also measured. The elderly women with and without PS were comparable in age, FFM, and FM. Mean albumin, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein values were lower in cases with PS. Unadjusted mean REE was significantly higher in patients with PS (1212.3 +/- 236.7 vs 1085.5 +/- 161.3 kcal/d; p 110% of the predicted REE, was seen in 74% of patients with PS and 38% of controls. The difference between measured and predicted REE (DeltaREE) correlated with PS volume (r = 0.58; p elderly women are associated with a hypermetabolic state that is influenced by the volume of the PS.

  16. A Social Responsibility Guide for Engineering Students and Professionals of all Faith Traditions: An Overview.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Punzi, Vito L

    2017-07-18

    The development of the various themes of Catholic Social Teaching (CST) is based on numerous papal documents and ecclesiastical statements. While this paper provides a summary of a number of these documents, this paper focuses on two themes: the common good and care of the environment, and on three documents authored by Pope John Paul II in 1990, by Pope Benedict XVI in 2010, and by Pope Francis in 2015. By analyzing these documents from an engineer's perspective, the author proposes a model for Socially Responsible Engineering. The proposed model is intended to serve as a guide for engineering students and practicing engineers of all faith traditions and to those with no faith tradition at all who wish to incorporate CST in the daily conduct of their personal and professional lives; to provide guidance for the professional the author terms the aspiring Socially Responsible Engineer; and to offer engineers a preferred alternative to the undesirable aspects of the technocratic paradigm. While intended primarily for engineers, this document also serves as a guide for those with expertise in social justice and who, by gaining a better understanding of the thought processes of engineers, can become better mentors for engineering students and practicing engineers seeking to incorporate CST into their daily lives.

  17. Energy metabolism and nutritional status in hospitalized patients with lung cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Takemura, Yumi; Sasaki, Masaya; Goto, Kenichi; Takaoka, Azusa; Ohi, Akiko; Kurihara, Mika; Nakanishi, Naoko; Nakano, Yasutaka; Hanaoka, Jun

    2016-09-01

    This study aimed to investigate the energy metabolism of patients with lung cancer and the relationship between energy metabolism and proinflammatory cytokines. Twenty-eight patients with lung cancer and 18 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The nutritional status upon admission was analyzed using nutritional screening tools and laboratory tests. The resting energy expenditure and respiratory quotient were measured using indirect calorimetry, and the predicted resting energy expenditure was calculated using the Harris-Benedict equation. Energy expenditure was increased in patients with advanced stage disease, and there were positive correlations between measured resting energy expenditure/body weight and interleukin-6 levels and between measured resting energy expenditure/predicted resting energy expenditure and interleukin-6 levels. There were significant relationships between body mass index and plasma leptin or acylated ghrelin levels. However, the level of appetite controlling hormones did not affect dietary intake. There was a negative correlation between plasma interleukin-6 levels and dietary intake, suggesting that interleukin-6 plays a role in reducing dietary intake. These results indicate that energy expenditure changes significantly with lung cancer stage and that plasma interleukin-6 levels affect energy metabolism and dietary intake. Thus, nutritional management that considers the changes in energy metabolism is important in patients with lung cancer.

  18. Dominance without Hegemony / The Nation and lts Fragments

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mauricio Archila Neira

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Ranajit Guha,Dominance without Hegemony, Cambridge (M: Harvard University Press, 1997. El libro es elaborado por la figura más conocida de este grupo de historiadores, Ranajit Guha, y constituye una síntesis de su reinterpretación de las relaciones de poder coloniales y poscoloniales. Inicia criticando la pretensión de los funcionarios ingleses de haber tenido completa hegemonía en la India durante la época de dominio imperial. Pero también los historiadores de ambas partes del planeta son objeto de sus dardos no sólo por reproducir ese mito, cuanto por desconocer el papel de los nativos en aceptarlo o rechazarlo. / Partha Chatterjee, The Nation and lts Fragments. Princeton: Princeton University, 1993. Chatterjee empieza su texto con la crítica del modelo de Benedict Anderson de nación como' comunidad imaginada. Lo señala como una nueva versión colonial que reduce el nacionalismo a la esfera política cuando, para Chatterjee, la resistencia anticolonial crea un ámbito propio y distinto. Así contrapone el dominio material y de la política, importado desde Europa, a lo interno que correspondería al mundo cultural y espiritual exclusivo del anticolonialismo indio .

  19. Produksi Asam Laktat oleh Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus dengan Sumber Karbon Tetes Tebu

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laita Nurjannah

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Senyawa asam laktat sangat dibutuhkan di dunia industri. Namun produksi dengan menggunakan mikrob masih menggunakan bahan pangan sebagai substratnya. Alternatif substrat untuk produksi asam laktat  sebagai pengganti penggunaan bahan pangan  sangat diperlukan industri. Tetes tebu merupakan salah satu substrat yang kaya akan sumber  karbon yang dapat digunakan sebagai komponen media pertumbuhan bakteri. Ketersediaannya melimpah dan harganya murah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah tetes tebu dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif  sumber karbon bakteri Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus untuk menghasilkan asam laktat. Langkah penelitian ini meliputi hidrolisis dan detoksifikasi tetes tebu, uji kualitatif gula pereduksi tetes tebu, analisis gula total dengan metode fenol sulfat, penentuan kurva pertumbuhan bakteri, produksi dan ekstraksi asam laktat, serta analisis kualitatif asam laktat dengan menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tetes tebu dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif sumber karbon. Hal ini terbukti bakteri dapat tumbuh dengan baik ketika media diberi 0.5% tetes tebu. Konsentrasi gula total tetes tebu adalah 1090 g/L. Uji gula pereduksi menunjukkan hasil yang positif untuk uji Selliwanof, uji Benedict, dan uji Barfoed. Pertumbuhan optimum L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus terjadi pada suhu 42°C dengan agitasi 150 rpm. Produksi asam laktat dilakukan selama 24 jam. Kadar asam laktat yang dihasilkan sebesar 2.80% dengan biomassa sel kering sebesar 0.002 g/L dan pH media fermentasi sebesar 4.0. Hasil analisis kualitatif kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi juga menunjukkan bahwa produk dari hasil fermentasi adalah asam laktat. Abstract. Lactic acid is needed as an industrial feed. However, by using a microbial production still uses food material as a substrate. Alternative substrates for the production of lactic acid is needed in industry. Molasses are potential substrates due to the richness in

  20. Method and data analysis example of fatigue tests

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nogami, Shuhei

    2015-01-01

    In the design and operation of a nuclear fusion reactor, it is important to accurately assess the fatigue life. Fatigue life is evaluated by preparing a database on the relationship between the added stress / strain amplitude and the number of cycles to failure based on the fatigue tests on standard specimens, and by comparing this relationship with the generated stress / strain of the actual constructions. This paper mainly chooses low-cycle fatigue as an object, and explains standard test methods, fatigue limit, life prediction formula and the like. Using reduced-activation ferrite steel F82H as a material, strain controlled low-cycle fatigue test was performed under room temperature atmosphere. From these results, the relationship between strain and the number of cycles to failure was analyzed. It was found that the relationship is asymptotic to the formula of Coffin-Manson Law under high-strain (low-cycle condition), and asymptotic to the formula of Basquin Law under low-strain (high-cycle condition). For F82H to be used for the blanket of a nuclear fusion prototype reactor, the arrangement of fatigue life data up to about 700°C and the establishment of optimal fatigue design curves are urgent tasks. As for fusion reactor structural materials, the evaluation of neutron irradiation effect on fatigue damage behavior and life is indispensable. For this purpose, it is necessary to establish standardized testing techniques when applied to small specimens. (A.O.)

  1. Study of the fatigue behaviour and damage of a aged duplex stainless steel; Etude du comportement et de l'endommagement en fatigue d'un acier inoxydable austeno-ferritique moule vieilli

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Le Roux, J.Ch

    2000-07-01

    Cast duplex stainless steels are commonly used in components of pressurized water reactors primary circuit. When submitted to in-service temperatures embrittlement occurs because of the nucleation and growth of a harder phase in the ferrite by spinodal composition. Macrostructure of this steel (ferritic primary grain size is about 4-5 mm) and embrittlement of ferrite due to aging lead to a very high scattering of mechanical properties for monotonous loadings. We showed that, in spite of this macrostructure, the cyclic behaviour of aged duplex stainless steels fits usual Manson-Coffin law while initial hardening is followed by softening, in part because of the demodulation of the composition. The fatigue crack propagation rate of material follows a Paris law. While crack initiation mainly appears next to the millimetric cast defects, fatigue crack propagation remains a continuous mechanism. Ferritic and austenitic elements break successively (ferrite first breaks by cleavage, then austenite breaks by ductile fatigue). In spite of the fact that the aged ferrite is embrittled, cleavage microcracks, for load levels examined, seldom appear in ferrite at the crack tip and on both sides of the main crack. Effects of cast defects and crystallographic ferrite orientation were also studied. Propagation fatigue crack behaviour was modeled assuming that the crack tip material behaves as if it was submitted to low cycle fatigue loadings. If we consider a homogeneous material, results are in good agreement with experiments. (authors)

  2. A three dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics modelling of the early cycles of fatigue in an austenitic stainless steel 316L: dislocation microstructure and damage analysis; Modelisation physique des stades precurseurs de l'endommagement en fatigue dans l'acier inoxydable austenitique 316L

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Depres, Ch

    2005-07-01

    A numerical code modelling the collective behaviour of dislocations at a mesoscopic scale (Discrete Dislocation Dynamics code) is used to analyse the cyclic plasticity that occurs in surface grains of an AISI 316L stainless steel, in order to understand the plastic mechanism involved in crack initiation in fatigue. Firstly, the analyses of both the formation and the evolution of the dislocation microstructures show the crucial role of cross-slip played in the strain localization in the form of slip bands. As the cycling proceeds, the slip bands exhibit well-organized dislocation arrangements that substitute to dislocation tangles, involving specific interaction mechanisms between primary and deviate systems. Secondly, both the surface displacements generated by plastic slip and the distortion energy induced by the dislocation microstructure have been analysed. We find that an irreversible surface relief in the form of extrusion/intrusion can be induced by cyclic slip of dislocations. The number of cycles for the crack initiation follows a Manson-Coffin type law. The analyses of the concentration of the distortion energy and its repartition in the slip bands show that beneficial energetic zones may be present at the very beginning of the cycling, and that mode-II crack propagation in the surface grains results from a succession of micro-crack initiations along primary slip plane, which is facilitated by various effects (stress concentration due to surface relief, environment effects...). Finally, a dislocation-based model for cyclic plasticity is proposed from Discrete Dislocation Dynamics results. (author)

  3. Influence of surface conditions on fatigue strength through the numerical simulation of microstructure; Etude par simulation numerique de la microstructure de l'influence de l'etat de surface sur la resistance a la fatigue d'un acier 304L

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Le Pecheur, A.; Clavel, M.; Rey, C.; Bompard, P. [Laboratoire MSSMat, UMR 8579 CNRS, Ecole Centrale Paris (France); Le Pecheur, A.; Curtit, F.; Stephan, J.M. [Departement MMC, EDF RD, Site des Renardieres (France)

    2010-11-15

    A thermal fatigue test (INTHERPOL) was developed by EDF in order to study the initiation of cracks. These tests are carried out on tubular specimens under various thermal loadings and surface finish qualities in order to give an account of these parameters on crack initiation. The main topic of this study is to test the sensitivity of different fatigue criteria to surface conditions using a micro/macro modelling approach. Therefore a 304L polycrystalline aggregate, used for cyclic plasticity based FE modelling, have been considered as a Representative Volume Element located at the surface and subsurface of the test tube. This aggregate has been cyclically strained according to the results issued from FE simulation of INTHERPOL thermal fatigue experiment. Different surface parameters have been numerically simulated: effects of local microstructure and of grains orientation, effects of machining: metallurgical prehardening, residual stress gradient, and surface roughness. Three different fatigue criteria (Manson Coffin, Fatemi Socie and dissipated energy types), previously fitted at a macro-scale for thermal fatigue of 304L, have been computed at a meso scale, in order to show the surface 'hot spots' features and test the sensitivity of these three criteria to different surface conditions. Results show that grain orientation and neighbouring play an important role on the location of hot spots, and also that the positive effect of pre-straining and the negative effect of roughness on fatigue life are not all similarly predicted by these different fatigue criteria. (authors)

  4. Influence of surface conditions on fatigue strength through the numerical simulation of microstructure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Le Pecheur, A.; Clavel, M.; Rey, C.; Bompard, P.; Le Pecheur, A.; Curtit, F.; Stephan, J.M.

    2010-01-01

    A thermal fatigue test (INTHERPOL) was developed by EDF in order to study the initiation of cracks. These tests are carried out on tubular specimens under various thermal loadings and surface finish qualities in order to give an account of these parameters on crack initiation. The main topic of this study is to test the sensitivity of different fatigue criteria to surface conditions using a micro/macro modelling approach. Therefore a 304L polycrystalline aggregate, used for cyclic plasticity based FE modelling, have been considered as a Representative Volume Element located at the surface and subsurface of the test tube. This aggregate has been cyclically strained according to the results issued from FE simulation of INTHERPOL thermal fatigue experiment. Different surface parameters have been numerically simulated: effects of local microstructure and of grains orientation, effects of machining: metallurgical prehardening, residual stress gradient, and surface roughness. Three different fatigue criteria (Manson Coffin, Fatemi Socie and dissipated energy types), previously fitted at a macro-scale for thermal fatigue of 304L, have been computed at a meso scale, in order to show the surface 'hot spots' features and test the sensitivity of these three criteria to different surface conditions. Results show that grain orientation and neighbouring play an important role on the location of hot spots, and also that the positive effect of pre-straining and the negative effect of roughness on fatigue life are not all similarly predicted by these different fatigue criteria. (authors)

  5. Elevated temperature axial and torsional fatigue behavior of Haynes 188

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bonacuse, Peter J.; Kalluri, Sreeramesh

    1992-06-01

    The results of high-temperature axial and torsional low-cycle fatigue experiments performed on Haynes 188, a wrought cobalt-base superalloy, are reported. Fatigue tests were performed at 760 C in air on thin-walled tubular specimens at various ranges under strain control. Data are also presented for coefficient of thermal expansion, elastic modulus, and shear modulus at various temperatures from room to 1000 C, and monotonic and cyclic stress-strain curves in tension and in shear at 760 C. The data set is used to evaluate several multiaxial fatigue life models (most were originally developed for room temperature multiaxial life prediction) including von Mises equivalent strain range (ASME boiler and pressure vessel code), Manson-Halford, Modified Multiaxiality Factor (proposed here), Modified Smith-Watson-Topper, and Fatemi-Socie-Kurath. At von Mises equivalent strain ranges (the torsional strain range divided by the square root of 3, taking the Poisson's ratio to be 0.5), torsionally strained specimens lasted, on average, factors of 2 to 3 times longer than axially strained specimens. The Modified Multiaxiality Factor approach shows promise as a useful method of estimating torsional fatigue life from axial fatigue data at high temperatures. Several difficulties arose with the specimen geometry and extensometry used in these experiments. Cracking at extensometer probe indentations was a problem at smaller strain ranges. Also, as the largest axial and torsional strain range fatigue tests neared completion, a small amount of specimen buckling was observed.

  6. A three dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics modelling of the early cycles of fatigue in an austenitic stainless steel 316L: dislocation microstructure and damage analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Depres, Ch.

    2005-01-01

    A numerical code modelling the collective behaviour of dislocations at a mesoscopic scale (Discrete Dislocation Dynamics code) is used to analyse the cyclic plasticity that occurs in surface grains of an AISI 316L stainless steel, in order to understand the plastic mechanism involved in crack initiation in fatigue. Firstly, the analyses of both the formation and the evolution of the dislocation microstructures show the crucial role of cross-slip played in the strain localization in the form of slip bands. As the cycling proceeds, the slip bands exhibit well-organized dislocation arrangements that substitute to dislocation tangles, involving specific interaction mechanisms between primary and deviate systems. Secondly, both the surface displacements generated by plastic slip and the distortion energy induced by the dislocation microstructure have been analysed. We find that an irreversible surface relief in the form of extrusion/intrusion can be induced by cyclic slip of dislocations. The number of cycles for the crack initiation follows a Manson-Coffin type law. The analyses of the concentration of the distortion energy and its repartition in the slip bands show that beneficial energetic zones may be present at the very beginning of the cycling, and that mode-II crack propagation in the surface grains results from a succession of micro-crack initiations along primary slip plane, which is facilitated by various effects (stress concentration due to surface relief, environment effects...). Finally, a dislocation-based model for cyclic plasticity is proposed from Discrete Dislocation Dynamics results. (author)

  7. Validity of Predictive Equations for Resting Energy Expenditure Developed for Obese Patients: Impact of Body Composition Method

    Science.gov (United States)

    Achamrah, Najate; Jésus, Pierre; Grigioni, Sébastien; Rimbert, Agnès; Petit, André; Déchelotte, Pierre; Folope, Vanessa; Coëffier, Moïse

    2018-01-01

    Predictive equations have been specifically developed for obese patients to estimate resting energy expenditure (REE). Body composition (BC) assessment is needed for some of these equations. We assessed the impact of BC methods on the accuracy of specific predictive equations developed in obese patients. REE was measured (mREE) by indirect calorimetry and BC assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). mREE, percentages of prediction accuracy (±10% of mREE) were compared. Predictive equations were studied in 2588 obese patients. Mean mREE was 1788 ± 6.3 kcal/24 h. Only the Müller (BIA) and Harris & Benedict (HB) equations provided REE with no difference from mREE. The Huang, Müller, Horie-Waitzberg, and HB formulas provided a higher accurate prediction (>60% of cases). The use of BIA provided better predictions of REE than DXA for the Huang and Müller equations. Inversely, the Horie-Waitzberg and Lazzer formulas provided a higher accuracy using DXA. Accuracy decreased when applied to patients with BMI ≥ 40, except for the Horie-Waitzberg and Lazzer (DXA) formulas. Müller equations based on BIA provided a marked improvement of REE prediction accuracy than equations not based on BC. The interest of BC to improve REE predictive equations accuracy in obese patients should be confirmed. PMID:29320432

  8. Densities and derived thermodynamic properties of 1-heptanol and 2-heptanol at temperatures from 313 K to 363 K and pressures up to 22 MPa

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zuniga-Moreno, Abel [Laboratorio de Termodinamica, ESIQIE, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Edif. Z, Secc. 6, 1er piso, UPALM Zacatenco, 07738 Lindavista, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico); Galicia-Luna, Luis A. [Laboratorio de Termodinamica, ESIQIE, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Edif. Z, Secc. 6, 1er piso, UPALM Zacatenco, 07738 Lindavista, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)], E-mail: lgalicial@ipn.mx; Betancourt-Cardenas, Felix F. [Laboratorio de Termodinamica, ESIQIE, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Edif. Z, Secc. 6, 1er piso, UPALM Zacatenco, 07738 Lindavista, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

    2008-01-15

    Experimental densities were determined in liquid phase for 1-heptanol and 2-heptanol at temperatures from 313 K to 363 K and pressures up to 22 MPa using a vibrating tube densimeter. Water and nitrogen were used as reference fluids for the calibration of the vibrating tube densimeter. The uncertainties of the experimental measurements in the whole range of reported data are estimated to be {+-}0.03 K for temperature, {+-}0.008 MPa for pressure, and {+-}0.20 kg . m{sup -3} for density. The experimental data are correlated using a short empirical equation of six parameters and the 11-parameter Benedict-Webb-Rubin-Starling equation of state (BWRS EoS) using a least square optimization. Statistical values to evaluate the different correlations are reported. Published density data of 1-heptanol are compared with values calculated with the 6-parameter equation using the parameters obtained in this work. The experimental data determined here are also compared with an available correlation for 1-heptanol. Densities of 2-heptanol at high pressure were not found in the literature and the data reported here represent the first set of data reported in the literature. Isothermal compressibilities and isobaric thermal expansivity are calculated using the 6-parameter equation for both alcohols within uncertainties estimated to be {+-}0.025 Gpa{sup -1} and {+-}4 x 10{sup -7} K{sup -1}, respectively.

  9. O Papa, o Islã e o politicamente correto The Pope, Islam and political correctedness

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Augusto Lindgren Alves

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Ao fazer citação considerada ofensiva ao Islã em conferência que proferiu na Alemanha em 2006, o Papa Bento XVI não visava somente aos muçulmanos, mas, também, aos ocidentais cristãos e ateus. Seu objetivo não era ofender o Islã gratuitamente, mas forçar os islamitas e ocidentais que abandonaram o racionalismo a assimilarem, num caso, e a reassimilarem, no outro, a razão universalista como elemento essencial ao próprio diálogo entre as religiões. A fala do Papa tem tido repercussões que transcendem o âmbito religioso, atingindo noções e práticas multiculturalistas que pareciam intocáveis.When making a quotation that was considered offensive to Islam, in 2006, in a conference in Germany, Pope Benedict XVI targeted not only the Muslims, but also Christian and Atheist Westerners. His aim was not to offend Islam without a motive, but to force both the Muslims and Westerners that had forsaken rationalism to reach back to Reason as an essential element for the very dialogue between the two religions. The Pope’s speech has had repercussion far beyond the religious sphere, attaining notions and practices of multiculturalism that seemed untouchable.

  10. Multiple 3d Approaches for the Architectural Study of the Medieval Abbey of Cormery in the Loire Valley

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pouyet, T.

    2017-02-01

    This paper will focus on the technical approaches used for a PhD thesis regarding architecture and spatial organization of benedict abbeys in Touraine in the Middle Ages, in particular the abbey of Cormery in the heart of the Loire Valley. Monastic space is approached in a diachronic way, from the early Middle Ages to the modern times using multi-sources data: architectural study, written sources, ancient maps, various iconographic documents… Many scales are used in the analysis, from the establishment of the abbeys in a territory to the scale of a building like the tower-entrance of the church of Cormery. These methodological axes have been developed in the research unit CITERES for many years and the 3D technology is now used to go further along in that field. The recording in 3D of the buildings of the abbey of Cormery allows us to work at the scale of the monastery and to produce useful data such as sections or orthoimages of the ground and the walls faces which are afterwards drawn and analysed. The study of these documents, crossed with the other historical sources, allowed us to emphasize the presence of walls older than what we thought and to discover construction elements that had not been recognized earlier and which enhance the debate about the construction date St Paul tower and associated the monastic church.

  11. Resting energy expenditure and body composition in children with cancer: indirect calorimetry and bioimpedance analysis

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    M. V. Konovalova

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Resting energy expenditure (REE by indirect calorimetry and body composition by bioimpedance analysis are studied in three groups of children aged 5–18 years. Group 1 (n = 181 – patients in remission of cancer, group 2 (n = 55 – children with oncology diseases receiving chemotherapy or who are in the early period after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, group 3 (n = 63 – children with non-malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. To eliminate the influence of age and gender on the intergroup comparisons, body composition parameters were expressed as standardized values (z-scores relative to a reference group of healthy Russian children (n = 138,191. Group 1 was characterized by excess fat content with intact lean body mass, and groups 2 and 3 by protein depletion, more pronounced in Group 2 with a higher percentage of body fat. All used conventional formulas (WHO, Harris–Benedict and others in groups 1 and 3 underestimated REE as compared with indirect calorimetry. A new formula for REE, giving an unbiased estimate in the group 1 was proposed: REE (kcal/day = 28.7 × BCM (kg +10.5 × Height (cm – 38.6 × Age (years – 134, where BCM – body cell mass according to bioimpedance analysis (R2 = 0.67, the standard deviation of 196 kcal/day.

  12. Evaluation of Factors Associated with Hypermetabolism and Hypometabolism in Critically Ill AKI Patients

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    Cassiana R. de Góes

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available Acute kidney injury (AKI is a frequent and serious condition with high mortality. The presence of hypermetabolism may be a factor related to poorer prognosis. This study evaluated the resting energy expenditure (REE of intensive care unit (ICU patients with severe AKI using indirect calorimetry (IC and identified factors associated with metabolism categories. Patients were evaluated through measurement of REE and estimation of basal energy expenditure (BEE using the Harris–Benedict equation. Metabolism categories were as follows: hypermetabolism (REE/BEE > 1.3 and hypometabolism (REE/BEE < 0.9. The metabolism categories were compared using ANOVA and the chi-square test. Variables were analyzed by multiple logistic regression tests. Also, survivors and non-survivors were compared using Student’s t-tests along with Cox regression tests. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were also performed. We evaluated 124 patients with a mean age of 61.08 ± 16.6 years. Sixty-four patients were hypermetabolic (62% and 18 were hypometabolic (14%. Vasoactive drug (VAD dose and younger age were independently associated with hypermetabolism. The survival analysis was not associated with metabolism categorization. In conclusion, patients with severe AKI are mostly hypermetabolic and hypermetabolic patients of a lower age receiving treatment with higher VAD doses. The only factors associated with death were protein intake and VAD dose.

  13. Densities and derived thermodynamic properties of 1-heptanol and 2-heptanol at temperatures from 313 K to 363 K and pressures up to 22 MPa

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zuniga-Moreno, Abel; Galicia-Luna, Luis A.; Betancourt-Cardenas, Felix F.

    2008-01-01

    Experimental densities were determined in liquid phase for 1-heptanol and 2-heptanol at temperatures from 313 K to 363 K and pressures up to 22 MPa using a vibrating tube densimeter. Water and nitrogen were used as reference fluids for the calibration of the vibrating tube densimeter. The uncertainties of the experimental measurements in the whole range of reported data are estimated to be ±0.03 K for temperature, ±0.008 MPa for pressure, and ±0.20 kg . m -3 for density. The experimental data are correlated using a short empirical equation of six parameters and the 11-parameter Benedict-Webb-Rubin-Starling equation of state (BWRS EoS) using a least square optimization. Statistical values to evaluate the different correlations are reported. Published density data of 1-heptanol are compared with values calculated with the 6-parameter equation using the parameters obtained in this work. The experimental data determined here are also compared with an available correlation for 1-heptanol. Densities of 2-heptanol at high pressure were not found in the literature and the data reported here represent the first set of data reported in the literature. Isothermal compressibilities and isobaric thermal expansivity are calculated using the 6-parameter equation for both alcohols within uncertainties estimated to be ±0.025 Gpa -1 and ±4 x 10 -7 K -1 , respectively

  14. [Nutritional support in sepsis].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ortiz Leyba, C; López Martínez, J; Blesa Malpica, A L

    2005-06-01

    Although it is considered that metabolic and nutritional support must be part of the management of septic patients, it has not been conclusively shown that nutritional support will improve survival or complications from sepsis. Specific data on this issue are scarce since there are few studies that have investigated specialized nutritional support in septic patients. Thus, most of the recommendations are based on outcomes obtained in severely ill patients with different pathologies. It is assumed that nutritional support should be carried out through the enteral route whenever possible, as in other critically ill patients. The energetic waste in these patients is highly variable, although in general terms the hypermetabolic situation may be classified as moderate. An adjustment factor of 1.25-1.30 is recommended for the Harris-Benedict's equation to calculate the caloric intake. Septic patients should receive a hyperproteic intake. The amount of glucose administered should not exceed 70% of non-protein calories, and lipids intake should not exceed 40%. With regards to micronutrients, it is recommended to increase the supply of those with antioxidant properties (vitamin E, carotenes, vitamin C, selenium). There are data to consider that the use of diets enriched with pharmaco-nutrients (both with parenteral and enteral routes) may be beneficial in septic patients, although there is some controversy when interpreting the outcomes.

  15. Basal Metabolic Rate of Adolescent Modern Pentathlon Athletes: Agreement between Indirect Calorimetry and Predictive Equations and the Correlation with Body Parameters

    Science.gov (United States)

    Loureiro, Luiz Lannes; Fonseca, Sidnei; Castro, Natalia Gomes Casanova de Oliveira e; dos Passos, Renata Baratta; Porto, Cristiana Pedrosa Melo; Pierucci, Anna Paola Trindade Rocha

    2015-01-01

    Purpose The accurate estimative of energy needs is crucial for an optimal physical performance among athletes and the basal metabolic rate (BMR) equations often are not well adjusted for adolescent athletes requiring the use of specific methods, such as the golden standard indirect calorimetry (IC). Therefore, we had the aim to analyse the agreement between the BMR of adolescents pentathletes measured by IC and estimated by commonly used predictive equations. Methods Twenty-eight athletes (17 males and 11 females) were evaluated for BMR, using IC and the predictive equations Harris and Benedict (HB), Cunningham (CUN), Henry and Rees (HR) and FAO/WHO/UNU (FAO). Body composition was obtained using DXA and sexual maturity data were retrieved through validated questionnaires. The correlations among anthropometric variables an IC were analysed by T-student test and ICC, while the agreement between IC and the predictive equations was analysed according to Bland and Altman and by survival-agreement plotting. Results The whole sample average BMR measured by IC was significantly different from the estimated by FAO (pBMR when compared with IC (T Test). When compared to the golden standard IC, using Bland and Altman, ICC and Survival-Agreement, the equations underestimated the energy needs of adolescent pentathlon athletes up to 300kcal/day. Therefore, they should be used with caution when estimating individual energy requirements in such populations. PMID:26569101

  16. Impact of the basal metabolic ratio in predicting early deaths after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nishiwaki, Satoshi; Miyamura, Koichi; Seto, Aika; Watanabe, Keisuke; Yanagisawa, Mayumi; Imahashi, Nobuhiko; Shimba, Makoto; Yasuda, Takahiko; Kuwatsuka, Yachiyo; Oba, Taku; Terakura, Seitaro; Kodera, Yoshihisa

    2009-09-01

    Early deaths after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) are of major concern. On the assumption that both decreased and increased basal metabolism might relate to early deaths, we analyzed the risk factors for overall survival to days 30 (OS30) and 60 (OS60). The Harris-Benedict equation was used to calculate basal metabolism. Comparing a patient's basal metabolism (PBM) calculated from pretransplant body weight with the standard basal metabolism (SBM) calculated from standard body weight (body mass index (BMI) = 22), we defined the basal metabolic ratio (BMR) as a parameter (BMR = PBM/SBM). We retrospectively analyzed 360 adult patients transplanted between 1997 and 2006 at a single center in Japan. A multivariate analysis of OS30 showed risk factors to be: BMR BMR; LBR) (P = 0.01), BMR > 1.05 (high BMR; HBR) (P = 0.005) and non-complete remission (non-CR) (P 5 0.001), whereas a multivariate analysis of OS60 showed those risk factors to be: LBR (P = 0.02), HBR (P = 0.04), non-CR (P = 0.002), and performance status BMR BMR; ABR) (96.8 and 90.3% for ABR, 87.1 and 76.2% for LBR, and 87.8 and 81.1% for HBR). In conclusion, BMR could prove to be a predictor of early death after allo-SCT.

  17. Five Martyr Brothers. First Polish hermits and their worship

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    Kinga Blaschke

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Brothers Benedict and John, students of Romuald, came to Poland at the invitation of Otto III to convert pagans. Soon the Italian hermits were joined by Polish brothers Isaac and Matthew, who helped them in learning the Slavic language. The hermits, as well as Christinus, well killed in 1003 by thugs who wanted to steal money given by Duke Boleslav to an expedition to Rome, which was aimed at obtaining papal consent for conducting missionary work. Although the hermits died as victims of a robbery, killed by fellow Christians, the pope canonized them as martyrs. Their lives are relatively well-documented: the earliest and the most credible story of the five brothers by Bruno of Querfurt was written as early as five years after their death, although remained unknown until 1883. Another early account is the life of St. Romuald by Piotr Damiani of 1041. The martyrs have been also associated with yet another mysterious work – a gravestone unearthed in 1959 at the external wall of the north Roman apse of the Gniezno Cathedral, considered by most researchers the oldest epigraphic item on the Polish soil. However, the identification of the warriors mentioned in the inscription with 11th century martyrs raises many doubts. The article discusses the above matters, as well as the subject of the development of the worship of the martyr brothers.

  18. Caritas in Veritate – die Bedeutung von Liebe und Wahrheit für eine gute Gesellschaft

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    Józef Młyński

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Love and truth are the two attributes of a well-functioning society. Unfortunately, these two basic values are often being devalued in the modern world. The reason for this is the lack of a sense of justice. Especially because in the social and cultural context the truth is often relativized. In this context it is worth analysing the Pope Benedict XVI’s encyclical Caritas in Veritate , in which one should pay attention to a construction of the society in which today’s human person lives. Love and truth are the two attributes of a good society in with each human is equipped. From the very beginning, the human person is called to be directed by love and truth. He or she is called to this truth by his or her Christian life and ontic dimension of his or her nature. Society without love and truth will be threatened with agony, because it will not only stop developing but also its wrongly understood economical status will become a road to nowhere. That is why we should definitely accept the thesis that homo economicus must convert into homo religiosus in the name of love and truth, so that society will be good. Let love in truth leads to a good society, which the whole world is for us.

  19. Portraits du dégénéré en fou, en primitif, en enfant et finalement en artiste.

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    Stéphane Legrand

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available Cet article traite du concept de « dégénérescence », importé dans la psychiatrie française par Benedict-Auguste Morel dans les années 1850, et largement diffusé par la suite, dans ce champ ainsi que dans celui de la criminologie. On tente d’analyser la reconfiguration qu’impose ce concept au savoir psychiatrique en dégageant la manière dont il permet d’intégrer en un ensemble cohérent plusieurs modèles théoriques: un paradigme neurologique, une théorie de l’automatisme morbide, un certain évolutionnisme. Sur ces bases, on essaie d’établir les similitudes de fonds existant entre les conceptions psychiatrique et criminologique de la dégénérescence, en montrant qu’elles mobilisent le même réseau « structurant » d’analogies entre les figures de l’anormal (le fou, le sauvage, l’enfant, la femme, l’animal; et l’on s’efforce de montrer que ces théories promeuvent une logique dans laquelle les infractions aux différents types de normes (biologiques, sociales, morales, juridiques, psychologiques, économiques sont susceptibles de faire systématiquement référence les unes aux autres, de se traduire les unes dans les autres. Puis l’on caractérise les transformations que ce nouveau paradigme impose aux principes de la thérapeutique, de la pédagogie et de la prise en charge des malades mentaux et des déviants. Pour finir, on présente les éléments latents qui dans ce paradigme préparent et indiquent déjà sa remise en cause et son renversement à venir.This article deals with the concept of «degeneration», introduced by Benedict-Auguste Morel in the French psychiatry during the 1850s, and which widely spread afterwards, in this field as well as in the contemporary criminology. An analysis is tried of the changes imposed by this notion on the psychiatric knowledge, changes that resulted in the integration in a coherent system of three other paradigms: a neurological paradigm, a theory of

  20. Effect of tensile mean stress on fatigue behavior of single-crystal and directionally solidified superalloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kalluri, Sreeramesh; Mcgaw, Michael A.

    1990-01-01

    Two nickel base superalloys, single crystal PWA 1480 and directionally solidified MAR-M 246 + Hf, were studied in view of the potential usage of the former and usage of the latter as blade materials for the turbomachinery of the space shuttle main engine. The baseline zero mean stress (ZMS) fatigue life (FL) behavior of these superalloys was established, and then the effect of tensile mean stress (TMS) on their FL behavior was characterized. At room temperature these superalloys have lower ductilities and higher strengths than most polycrystalline engineering alloys. The cycle stress-strain response was thus nominally elastic in most of the fatigue tests. Therefore, a stress range based FL prediction approach was used to characterize both the ZMS and TMS fatigue data. In the past, several researchers have developed methods to account for the detrimental effect of tensile mean stress on the FL for polycrystalline engineering alloys. However, the applicability of these methods to single crystal and directionally solidified superalloys has not been established. In this study, these methods were applied to characterize the TMS fatigue data of single crystal PWA 1480 and directionally solidified MAR-M 246 + Hf and were found to be unsatisfactory. Therefore, a method of accounting for the TMS effect on FL, that is based on a technique proposed by Heidmann and Manson was developed to characterize the TMS fatigue data of these superalloys. Details of this method and its relationship to the conventionally used mean stress methods in FL prediction are discussed.

  1. At the Bottom of the Garden: The Caffeaus of Villa Albani

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    Jane Lomholt

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available This paper addresses the history and design of a pavilion at the Villa Albani in Rome. Built in 1764 by the architect Carlo Marchionni, possibly to a design by the client, the antiquarian Cardinal Alessandro Albani, this is a caffeaus (or coffee house, to offer a rough translation featuring an eleven-bay semi-circular portico of Doric order. The taking of coffee after dinner had become a popular pastime and some, who could afford it, built special pavilions in their gardens for this purpose. Pope Benedict XIV, for instance, had a caffeaus built in his garden at the Quirinal Palace some twenty years earlier, where he could withdraw from the formalities of courtly life. For Cardinal Albani, the caffeaus also served as an extension to his Casino, where his vast collection of sculptures, busts and basins was displayed. With the aid of his librarian, the German scholar and writer Johann Joachim Winckelmann, Albani displayed his immense and unique collection of art and antiquities in a way that served to underline his own scholarship, wealth and position of affinity with Rome. The Villa and its splendours were not to be missed by the Grand Tourists. This paper will situate this exceptional pavilion in the wider context of his Villa, whose gardens and buildings today lie in various stages of disrepair and are closed to the public, except by private invitation.

  2. Bauhaus (1919-1933

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    Rafael García

    1994-06-01

    Full Text Available Los cuadros y resúmenes siguientes son un estrado de los acontecimientos y actividades más destacados de la Bauhaus. Las dos tablas cronológicas han sido elaboradas por José' Manuel García Roig a partir de las siguientes fuentes originales: Para la historia de la propia Bauhaus; Catálogo de la Exposición "Utopías de la Bauhaus", obra sobre papel, Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid 5 de mayo a 26 de junio de 1988. Para la historia de la República de Weimar; Reinhard Kühnl, La República de Weimar, edicions Alfons el Magnánim, institució Valenciana d'Estudis i Investigació, Valencia, 1991 y Anthony Phelan, El dilema de Weimar. Los intelectuales en la República de Weimar, Edicions Alfons el Magnánim, Institució Valenciana d'Estudis i Investigació, Valencia, 1990. Para la cronología de acontecimientos artístico-arquitectónicos contemporáneos; Bruno Zevi, Historia de la Arquitectura Moderna, Editorial Poseidón, Barcelona, 1980. Los resúmenes que las siguen han sido realizados por Rafael García García tomando como fuentes: Hans M. Wingler, La Bauhaus editorial Gustavo Gili, Barcelona 1980; Rainer Wick, La Pedagogía de la Bauhaus. Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 1986 (cuadro cronológico p.34; Bauhaus archiv, Magdalena Droste, Bauhaus. Benedict Taschen Verlag, 1991.

  3. Serum carnitine levels in bone marrow transplant recipients.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kirvelä, O; Antila, H; Heinonen, O; Toivanen, A

    1990-12-01

    This study investigated plasma carnitine levels in patients undergoing allogenic bone marrow transplantation. The patients received fat-based TPN (50% fat, 50% CHO; calorie: nitrogen ratio 125:1) for an average of 33 +/- 7.5 days. TPN was started before transplantation and stopped when patients were able to eat. Caloric needs were estimated using the Harris-Benedict equation; 150% of the estimated BEE was given for the first two weeks after transplantation. The amount of TPN was gradually decreased as patients resumed their oral intake. All patients had low-normal serum carnitine levels before transplantation. There was no significant change in total or free serum carnitine levels during the course of TPN. However, in patients who had symptoms of graft vs. host reaction (GVH), the highest carnitine values during GVH (total 72.3 +/- 6.5 and free 61.2 +/- 12.4 mumol/l) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the baseline values (total 27.1 +/- 9.3 and free 24.9 +/- 9.6 mumol/l) or the highest non GVH values after transplantation (total 32.0 +/- 10.7 and free 29.0 +/- 10.7 mumol/l, respectively). The serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol remained within normal range. In conclusion, bone marrow transplant patients receiving fat-based TPN have normal circulating levels of carnitine. GVH reaction caused an increase in the carnitine levels, which was probably due to increased tissue catabolism.

  4. Ampliar la racionalidad económica: Teoría económica y ética a la luz de Caritas in veritate

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    Cristián Hodge C

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El papa Benedicto XVI propone en Caritas in veritate ampliar el concepto de razón. Ante la persistencia de una cuestión social, ahora a nivel global, que se vuelve cada vez más una cuestión antropológica, se requiere ampliar el concepto de racionalidad económica. The pope Benedict XVI propose in Caritas in veritate to broaden the concept of reason. In view of the seriousness of the social question, especially at global level, that became an anthropolical question, it needs to broaden the concept of economic rationality. It is posible a dialogue between economics, ethics and theology? This paper explore some anthropological suppositions of economy theory by N. G. Mankiw, the concept of homo economicus, his economic's rationality. R. González F. critizes from ethics the homo economicus moral. In view of a complex scarcity, its means scarcity of economics goods and scarcity of moral goods, the person needs a complex rationality. The ethics is essential in the economics decisions. The Holy Father in Caritas in veritate wants to illuminate the economy with the theological anthropology and with a personalist ethics. He propose to broaden the concept of economic rationality, he point out a logic of gratuitousness that complement with a logic of market. Thus the complex of this rationalities in the economy makes necessary to do a interdisciplinary dialogue at human service. The University is the place to do this dialogue.

  5. Extraction of user's navigation commands from upper body force interaction in walker assisted gait.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Frizera Neto, Anselmo; Gallego, Juan A; Rocon, Eduardo; Pons, José L; Ceres, Ramón

    2010-08-05

    The advances in technology make possible the incorporation of sensors and actuators in rollators, building safer robots and extending the use of walkers to a more diverse population. This paper presents a new method for the extraction of navigation related components from upper-body force interaction data in walker assisted gait. A filtering architecture is designed to cancel: (i) the high-frequency noise caused by vibrations on the walker's structure due to irregularities on the terrain or walker's wheels and (ii) the cadence related force components caused by user's trunk oscillations during gait. As a result, a third component related to user's navigation commands is distinguished. For the cancelation of high-frequency noise, a Benedict-Bordner g-h filter was designed presenting very low values for Kinematic Tracking Error ((2.035 +/- 0.358).10(-2) kgf) and delay ((1.897 +/- 0.3697).10(1)ms). A Fourier Linear Combiner filtering architecture was implemented for the adaptive attenuation of about 80% of the cadence related components' energy from force data. This was done without compromising the information contained in the frequencies close to such notch filters. The presented methodology offers an effective cancelation of the undesired components from force data, allowing the system to extract in real-time voluntary user's navigation commands. Based on this real-time identification of voluntary user's commands, a classical approach to the control architecture of the robotic walker is being developed, in order to obtain stable and safe user assisted locomotion.

  6. Coccidioidomycosis: epidemiology

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Brown J

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Jennifer Brown,1 Kaitlin Benedict,2 Benjamin J Park,2 George R Thompson III1,31Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA; 2Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; 3Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, One Shields Avenue, Tupper Hall, Coccidioidomycosis Serology Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA, USAAbstract: Coccidioidomycosis consists of a spectrum of disease, ranging from a mild, self-limited, febrile illness to severe, life-threatening infection. It is caused by the soil-dwelling fungi, Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii, which are present in diverse endemic areas. Climate changes and environmental factors affect the Coccidioides lifecycle and influence infection rates. The incidence of coccidioidomycosis has risen substantially over the past two decades. The vast majority of Coccidioides infections occur in the endemic zones, such as California, Arizona, Mexico, and Central America. Infections occurring outside those zones appear to be increasingly common, and pose unique clinical and public health challenges. It has long been known that elderly persons, pregnant women, and members of certain ethnic groups are at risk for severe or disseminated coccidioidomycosis. In recent years, it has become evident that persons with immunodeficiency diseases, diabetics, transplant recipients, and prisoners are also particularly vulnerable.Keywords: coccidioidomycosis, Coccidioides, epidemiology, incidence, risk factors, geography

  7. [Nutritional status assessment in a group of university students by means of dietary parameters and body composition].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martínez Roldán, C; Veiga Herreros, P; López de Andrés, A; Cobo Sanz, J Ma; Carbajal Azcona, A

    2005-01-01

    To assess the nutritional status in a young adults by means of dietary parameters and body composition. The sample comprises 49 young men (35 women and 14 men) with a mean age of 21.9 +/- 2.9 ages, at Alfonso X el Sabio University of Madrid. Body composition was analyzed through anthropometrical parameters. By means of validated questionnaires, physical activity performed within a week was assessed, as well as energy and nutrients intake. The later was estimated through a registry of all foods and beverages consumed for the last 14 days performed by each one of the participants (previously instructed) and estimating the amounts by weight or home or standard servings. The resting energy waste was determined by indirect calorimetry and through the Harris-Benedict predictive formula. Body mass index was similar in both men and women (p = 0.10) (23.5 +/- 1.9 and 22.0 +/- 2.8 kg/m2). The percentage of fat obtained through anthropometrics was 16.4 +/- 3.5% and 27.1 +/- 3.8% (p vitamin A in men, with levels below the recommended ones. In some aspects, the diet from this group deviates from current dietary standards. It would be advisable to increase the physical activity that would allow a higher food intake in order to cover for the insufficient intake of some nutrients without energetically unbalancing the diet. The assessment of resting energetic waste by indirect calorimetry seems to better predict the energetic needs.

  8. Noninvasive ventilation reduces energy expenditure in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Georges, Marjolaine; Morélot-Panzini, Capucine; Similowski, Thomas; Gonzalez-Bermejo, Jesus

    2014-02-07

    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) leads to chronic respiratory failure. Diaphragmatic dysfunction, a major driver of dyspnea and mortality, is associated with a shift of the burden of ventilation to extradiaphragmatic inspiratory muscles, including neck muscles. Besides, energy expenditure is often abnormally high in ALS, and this is associated with a negative prognostic value. We hypothesized that noninvasive ventilation (NIV) would relieve inspiratory neck muscles and reduce resting energy expenditure (REE). Using indirect calorimetry, we measured REE during spontaneous breathing (REESB) and NIV (REENIV) in 16 ALS patients with diaphragmatic dysfunction, during the first 3 months of NIV. Measured values were compared with predicted REE (REEpred)(Harris-Benedict equation). NIV abolished inspiratory neck muscle activity. Even though our patients were not hypermetabolic, on the contrary, with a REESB that was lower than REEpred (average 11%), NIV did reduce energy expenditure. Indeed, median REENIV, in this population with a mean body mass index of 21.4 kg.m-2, was 1149 kcal/24 h [interquartile 970-1309], lower than REESB (1197 kcal/24 h, 1054-1402; mean difference 7%; p = 0.03, Wilcoxon). REESB and REENIV were correlated with forced vital capacity and maximal inspiratory pressure. NIV can reduce energy expenditure in ALS patients probably by alleviating the ventilatory burden imposed on inspiratory neck muscles to compensate diaphragm weakness. It remains to be elucidated whether or not, in which population, and to what extent, NIV can be beneficial in ALS through the corresponding reduction in energy expenditure.

  9. Comprehensive representation of the Lennard-Jones equation of state based on molecular dynamics simulation data

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pieprzyk, S.; Brańka, A. C.; Maćkowiak, Sz.; Heyes, D. M.

    2018-03-01

    The equation of state (EoS) of the Lennard-Jones fluid is calculated using a new set of molecular dynamics data which extends to higher temperature than in previous studies. The modified Benedict-Webb-Rubin (MBWR) equation, which goes up to ca. T ˜ 6, is reparametrized with new simulation data. A new analytic form for the EoS, which breaks the fluid range into two regions with different analytic forms and goes up to ca. T ≃ 35, is also proposed. The accuracy of the new formulas is at least as good as the MBWR fit and goes to much higher temperature allowing it to now encompass the Amagat line. The fitted formula extends into the high temperature range where the system can be well represented by inverse power potential scaling, which means that our specification of the equation of state covers the entire (ρ, T) plane. Accurate analytic fit formulas for the Boyle, Amagat, and inversion curves are presented. Parametrizations of the extrema loci of the isochoric, CV, and isobaric, CP, heat capacities are given. As found by others, a line maxima of CP terminates in the critical point region, and a line of minima of CP terminates on the freezing line. The line of maxima of CV terminates close to or at the critical point, and a line of minima of CV terminates to the right of the critical point. No evidence for a divergence in CV in the critical region is found.

  10. Metabolic profile of clinically severe obese patients.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Faria, Silvia Leite; Faria, Orlando Pereira; Menezes, Caroline Soares; de Gouvêa, Heloisa Rodrigues; de Almeida Cardeal, Mariane

    2012-08-01

    Since low basal metabolic rate (BMR) is a risk factor for weight regain, it is important to measure BMR before bariatric surgery. We aimed to evaluate the BMR among clinically severe obese patients preoperatively. We compared it with that of the control group, with predictive formulas and correlated it with body composition. We used indirect calorimetry (IC) to collect BMR data and multifrequency bioelectrical impedance to collect body composition data. Our sample population consisted of 193 patients of whom 130 were clinically severe obese and 63 were normal/overweight individuals. BMR results were compared with the following predictive formulas: Harris-Benedict (HBE), Bobbioni-Harsch (BH), Cunningham (CUN), Mifflin-St. Jeor (MSJE), and Horie-Waitzberg & Gonzalez (HW & G). This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Research of the University of Brasilia. Statistical analysis was used to compare and correlate variables. Clinically severe obese patients had higher absolute BMR values and lower adjusted BMR values (p BMR were found in both groups. Among the clinically severe obese patients, the formulas of HW & G and HBE overestimated BMR values (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0193, respectively), while the BH and CUN underestimated this value; only the MSJE formulas showed similar results to those of IC. The clinically severe obese patients showed low BMR levels when adjusted per kilogram per body weight. Body composition may influence BMR. The use of the MSJE formula may be helpful in those cases where it is impossible to use IC.

  11. BMR in a Brazilian adult probability sample: the Nutrition, Physical Activity and Health Survey.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Anjos, Luiz A; Wahrlich, Vivian; Vasconcellos, Mauricio Tl

    2014-04-01

    To measure BMR in a probability sample of adults from an urban city of Brazil and to compare indirectly measured BMR (BMRi) with BMR predicted from different equations. BMR data were obtained by indirect calorimetry and estimated by different predictive equations (Schofield; Harris and Benedict; Henry and Rees). Anthropometric and body composition measures were also obtained. The Nutrition, Physical Activity and Health Survey (PNAFS), a household survey conducted in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Representative sample of 529 adults (aged ≥20 years; 339 females) living in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Mean BMRi values were 5839.7 (se 73.9) kJ/d and 4758.1 (se 39.5) kJ/d for men and women, respectively. Predicted BMR by all equations was significantly higher (difference between means and 95% CI did not include zero) than BMRi in both men and women of all ages. Overall bias in BMR (predicted BMR minus BMRi) using the Schofield equations (overestimation of about 20%) was higher than when using the Henry and Rees equations (13% and 16% overestimation for males and females, respectively). The percentage of individuals whose BMR predicted by the Schofield equations fell within 10% of BMRi was very low (7.8% and 14.1% of males nd females, respectively). Current available predictive equations of BMR are not adequate to estimate BMR in Brazilians living in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

  12. Comparing the measured basal metabolic rates in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness to the estimated basal metabolic rate calculated from common predictive equations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xiao, Guizhen; Xie, Qiuyou; He, Yanbin; Wang, Ziwen; Chen, Yan; Jiang, Mengliu; Ni, Xiaoxiao; Wang, Qinxian; Murong, Min; Guo, Yequn; Qiu, Xiaowen; Yu, Ronghao

    2017-10-01

    Accurately predicting the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of patients in a vegetative state (VS) or minimally conscious state (MCS) is critical to proper nutritional therapy, but commonly used equations have not been shown to be accurate. Therefore, we compared the BMR measured by indirect calorimetry (IC) to BMR values estimated using common predictive equations in VS and MCS patients. Body composition variables were measured using the bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) technique. BMR was measured by IC in 82 patients (64 men and 18 women) with VS or MCS. Patients were classified by body mass index as underweight (BMR was estimated for each group using the Harris-Benedict (H-B), Schofield, or Cunningham equations and compared to the measured BMR using Bland-Altman analyses. For the underweight group, there was a significant difference between the measured BMR values and the estimated BMR values calculated using the H-B, Schofield, and Cunningham equations (p BMR values estimated using the H-B and Cunningham equations were different significantly from the measured BMR (p BMR in the normal-weight group. The Schofield equation showed the best concordance (only 41.5%) with the BMR values measured by IC. None of the commonly used equations to estimate BMR were suitable for the VS or MCS populations. Indirect calorimetry is the preferred way to avoid either over or underestimate of BMR values. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  13. About Human Condition and Spirituality

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Mihaela MACSUT

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Nowadays, the mankind is enthused about a real informational explosion but it the anxiety about the human mission also appears: “the humankind, enthused about its own discoveries and its power asks itself with anxiety which is its place and role in the Universe (Gaudim et Spes 3. Yesterday and today, the human being realized that he cannot “answer these fundamental questions which always have tormented his heart regarding the end and the beginning and hence his sense of existence” (Benedict XVI, Discourse, Pontifical Gregorian University Rome, the 4-th of November 2006. The 21st century is marked by a return to spirituality because the need for spirituality “reaffirms with power, so far that the observers... reach the conclusion attributed to Andre Malraux: «The 21st century will be religious or will not be at all»”.1 Nowadays, spirituality means searching for wisdom and there are questions as: who are the humans, where do they come from and where do they go. Under these circumstances, we have to establish some ethical benchmarks.2 This void makes place for the religious fundamentalism, a laic spirituality based of consumerism described as “a process through which goods are the services created, produced, used and exhausted”.3 But the human must switch from the state of consumer to the state of citizen.”4 Here is about “the necessity of surpassing a selfish ethics.”5

  14. A Clinical Observation of Ultrasonographic Diagnosis on Right upper Quadrant Pain

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, Suck Hong; Moon, T. Y.; Chang, H. Y.; Kim, B. S.

    1982-01-01

    The author analyzed a total of 127 cases of ultrasonography studied for evaluation of the causes of right upper quadrant pain during ten months from Feb.1 to Nov. 30 1981, at the department of radiology, Busan national university and St. Benedict hospital. The results were as follows: 1. ultrasonographic findings of the total of 127 cases are normal in 41(32.3%) cases, and abnormal in 86(67.6%) cases. 2. Clinical diagnosis of normal ultrasonographic cases is unknown in 15(36.6%) cases, hepatitis in 10(24.3%) cases, pancreatitis in 6(14.6%) case,enterocolitis in 5(12.1%) cases, acute gastritis in 3(7.5%), acute pyelonephritis in 1(2.4%) case, and clonorchiasis in 1(2.4%) case. 3. Pathological diagnosis of 50 cases out of 86 cases of abnormal ultrasonography is GB stone in 36(72.0%) cases, pancreatic cancer in 5(10.0%) cases, hepatoma in 3(6.0%) cases, CBD stone in 4(8.0%) cases, pancreatic pseudocyst in 1(12.9%) case and liver abscess in 1(2.0%) case. 4. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography of GB stone was 91.7%, false positive 2.8% and false negative 6.6%. 5. Ultrasonography has the advantage of noninvasiveness and easy performance, but the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography alone was low. Ultrasonography is considered as a good screening and complementary method for evaluation of right upper quadrant pain

  15. A Clinical Observation of Ultrasonographic Diagnosis on Right upper Quadrant Pain

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lee, Suck Hong; Moon, T. Y.; Chang, H. Y.; Kim, B. S. [Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan (Korea, Republic of)

    1982-12-15

    The author analyzed a total of 127 cases of ultrasonography studied for evaluation of the causes of right upper quadrant pain during ten months from Feb.1 to Nov. 30 1981, at the department of radiology, Busan national university and St. Benedict hospital. The results were as follows: 1. ultrasonographic findings of the total of 127 cases are normal in 41(32.3%) cases, and abnormal in 86(67.6%) cases. 2. Clinical diagnosis of normal ultrasonographic cases is unknown in 15(36.6%) cases, hepatitis in 10(24.3%) cases, pancreatitis in 6(14.6%) case,enterocolitis in 5(12.1%) cases, acute gastritis in 3(7.5%), acute pyelonephritis in 1(2.4%) case, and clonorchiasis in 1(2.4%) case. 3. Pathological diagnosis of 50 cases out of 86 cases of abnormal ultrasonography is GB stone in 36(72.0%) cases, pancreatic cancer in 5(10.0%) cases, hepatoma in 3(6.0%) cases, CBD stone in 4(8.0%) cases, pancreatic pseudocyst in 1(12.9%) case and liver abscess in 1(2.0%) case. 4. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography of GB stone was 91.7%, false positive 2.8% and false negative 6.6%. 5. Ultrasonography has the advantage of noninvasiveness and easy performance, but the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography alone was low. Ultrasonography is considered as a good screening and complementary method for evaluation of right upper quadrant pain

  16. Procès inquisitorial contra el castellà d'Amposta Fra Pedro Roiç de Moros a la cúria pontificia del papa Benet XIII (I414-1418

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alanyà i Roig, Josep

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available The Arxiu de la Corona d'Aragó in Barcelona houses the original commital proceedings instituted by a court of cardinals set up by pope Benedict XIII in the year 1414 and teh trial itself of the lord of Amposta, Fra Pedro Roiç de Moros, knight of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, who had been charged with indictable offences—concubinage, robbery, housing apostates, oath breaking and counterfeiting money, mismanagement of the Castlery's assets, excesses against his vassals, wasteful use of assets, dereliction and property abandonment— of which he was found guilty, and thereafter sentenced to losing the dignity of his lordship. Roiç de Moros appealed to the Council of Constance as well as to pope Martin V. It would be to no avail. Roiç de Moros paid a very high price for choosing to support count Jaume d'Urgell and deciding to oppose Ferran dAntequera and the policies of pope Benedict XIII. The follow up and analysis of the court´s records are very interesting for their human variety and interesting informations about fortresses, houses, barns, treaures and services there were in different locations of the Castlery of Amposta, such as Batea, Gandesa, Miravet, Ulldecona, Ascó and other towns and villages along the Ribera d´Ebre. The whole criminal prosecution bears a very peculiar historic interest mainly because the protagonists, the court procedures, and their causes are the link between the Interregnum in the Aragonese Crown and the fìnal days of the Western Schism.

    A l'Arxiu de la Corona d'Aragó de Barcelona es conserva el procés original instruït per un tribunal de cardenals creat pel papa Benet XIII l'any 1414 per jutjar el Castella d'Amposta, l'hospitaler Fra Pedro Roiç de Moros, acusat de crims greus —concubinat, bandositats, recepció d’apòstates, perjuri i fabricació de moneda falsa, mala administració dels bens de la Castellania, comissió d'excessos contra els seus vassalls, dilapidado de bens i abando

  17. Novità procedurali riguardanti la Rota Romana: le facoltà speciali

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joaquín Llobell

    2013-10-01

    Abstract.  Abstract Procedural Novelties concerning the Roman Rota: The Special FacultiesOn 11 February 2013, Benedict XVI introduced important modifications to the marriage nullity process before the Roman Rota under the formal title of “special faculties” granted for a period of three years, for the purpose of substantially reducing the backlog of causes pending before the Apostolic Tribunal. The first faculty provides that the Rotal sentence that first declares the nullity of marriage is executable, also partially abrogating for three years the obligation of the double conforming sentence introduced by Benedict XIV in 1741. The author of the commentary, distancing himself from the interpretation of this faculty that has been adopted by the Rota, holds that this faculty does not prohibit the presentation of an appeal within the peremptory time limits foreseen by the proper norms of the Roman Rota. The second faculty impedes the presentation of a nova causae propositio before the Rota against a sentence declaring the nullity of marriage when one of the spouses has proceeded to contract a new canonical marriage. Very brief comments are made about the other three special faculties. Keywords:Cause of the nullity of marriage. Marriage nullity process. Double conforming sentence. Nova causae propositio. New proposition of the cause.

  18. Taxa metabólica de repouso de ciclistas estimada por equações e obtida por calorimetria indireta Resting metabolic rate of cyclists estimated by mathematical equations and obtained by indirect calorimetry

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula Guedes Cocate

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available A taxa metabólica de repouso (TMR pode ser determinada por calorimetria indireta (CI. Porém, em função da praticidade, na prática clínica na maioria das vezes esta é estimada por equações de predição, as quais foram desenvolvidas em estudos envolvendo indivíduos não atletas. Apesar de alguns autores terem indicado que tais equações não estimam adequadamente a TMR, estas têm sido bastante utilizadas para calculá-la e prescrever dietas, inclusive para atletas. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a TMR determinada por CI com a estimada pelas equações de Harris & Benedict (HB, Schofield, FAO/WHO/UNU e Henry & Rees (HR, em 15 homens ciclistas, de 24,4 ± 3,68 anos, apresentando índice de massa corporal de 21,97 ± 1,46kg/m² e VO2máx de 70,00 ± 5,32mL(kg.min-1. Para comparar a TMR determinada por CI e pelas equações, utilizou-se o tratamento estatístico testes t de Student (variáveis com distribuição normal e de Mann-Whitney (variáveis sem distribuição normal, considerando p The resting metabolic rate (RMR can be determined by indirect calorimetry (IC. However, the clinical estimation of this parameter has been done using mathematical equations, which were developed in studies involving non-athletes. Although some authors have indicated that such equations do not estimate correctly the RMR, they have been constantly used to estimate such parameter and to prescribe diets, including for athletes. The objective of this study was to compare the RMR determined by IC with the ones estimated using the equations proposed by Harris & Benedict (HB, Schofield, FAO/WHO/UNU and Henry & Rees (HR, in 15 male cyclists, aged 24.4±3.68 years, body mass index of 21.97±1.46 kg/m² and VO2max of 70.00±5.32 mL(kg.min-1. Student's t test (when data presented normal distribution and Mann-Whitney (when data did not present normal distribution were used to compare the RMR determined by IC and the ones estimated by the equations. Probability

  19. Statistics on the parameters of nonisothermal ionospheric plasma in large mesospheric electric fields

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martynenko, S.; Rozumenko, V.; Tyrnov, O.; Manson, A.; Meek, C.

    The large V/m electric fields inherent in the mesosphere play an essential role in lower ionospheric electrodynamics. They must be the cause of large variations in the electron temperature and the electron collision frequency at D region altitudes, and consequently the ionospheric plasma in the lower part of the D region undergoes a transition into a nonisothermal state. This study is based on the databases on large mesospheric electric fields collected with the 2.2-MHz radar of the Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Canada (52°N geographic latitude, 60.4°N geomagnetic latitude) and with the 2.3-MHz radar of the Kharkiv V. Karazin National University (49.6°N geographic latitude, 45.6°N geomagnetic latitude). The statistical analysis of these data is presented in Meek, C. E., A. H. Manson, S. I. Martynenko, V. T. Rozumenko, O. F. Tyrnov, Remote sensing of mesospheric electric fields using MF radars, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, in press. The large mesospheric electric fields is experimentally established to follow a Rayleigh distribution in the interval 0

  20. Statistical parameters of nonisothermal lower ionospheric plasma in the electrically active mesosphere

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martynenko, S. I.; Rozumenko, V. T.; Tyrnov, O. F.; Manson, A. H.; Meek, C. E.

    The large V/m electric fields inherent in the lower mesosphere play an essential role in lower ionospheric electrodynamics. They must be the cause of large variations in the electron temperature and the electron collision frequency and consequently of the transition of the ionospheric plasma in the lower part of the D region into a nonisothermal state. This study is based on the datasets on large mesospheric electric fields collected with the 2.2-MHz radar of the Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Canada (52°N geographic latitude, 60.4°N geomagnetic latitude), and with the 2.3-MHz radar of the Kharkiv V. Karazin National University, Ukraine (49.6°N geographic latitude, 45.6°N geomagnetic latitude). The statistical analysis of these data is presented by [Meek, C.E., Manson, A.H., Martynenko, S.I., Rozumenko, V.T., Tyrnov, O.F. Remote sensing of mesospheric electric fields using MF radars. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 66, 881-890, 2004. 10.1016/j.jastp.2004.02.002]. The large mesospheric electric fields in the 60-67-km altitude range are experimentally established to follow a Rayleigh distribution in the 0 < E < 2.5 V/m interval. These data have permitted the resulting differential distributions of relative disturbances in the electron temperature, θ, and the effective electron collision frequency, η, to be determined. The most probable θ and η values are found to be in the 1.4-2.2 interval, and hence the nonstationary state of the lower part of the D region needs to be accounted for in studying processes coupling the electrically active mesosphere and the lower ionospheric plasma.

  1. Low cycle thermomechanical fatigue of reactor steels: Microstructural and fractographic investigations

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fekete, Balazs, E-mail: fekete.mm.bme@gmail.com [College of Dunaujvaros, Tancsics 1A, Dunaujvaros H-2400 (Hungary); Department of Applied Mechanics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem 5, Budapest H-1111 (Hungary); Kasl, Josef; Jandova, Dagmar [Výzkumný a zkušební ústav Plzeň s.r.o., Tylova 1581/46, 316 00 Plzen (Czech Republic); Jóni, Bertalan [College of Dunaujvaros, Tancsics 1A, Dunaujvaros H-2400 (Hungary); Eötvös Loránd University, Egyetem tér 1-3, Budapest H-1053 (Hungary); Misják, Fanni [Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege M. 29-33, Budapest H-1121 (Hungary); Trampus, Peter [College of Dunaujvaros, Tancsics 1A, Dunaujvaros H-2400 (Hungary)

    2015-07-29

    The fatigue life of the structural materials 15Ch2MFA (CrMoV-alloyed ferritic steel) and 08Ch18N10T (CrNi-alloyed austenitic steel) of a VVER-440 reactor pressure vessel were investigated under fully reversed total strain controlled low cycle fatigue tests. The measurements were carried out in isothermal conditions at 260 °C and with thermal-mechanical conditions in the range 150–270 °C using a GLEEBLE-3800 servo-hydraulic thermal-mechanical simulator. The low cycle fatigue results were evaluated with the Coffin–Manson law, and the parameters of the Ramberg–Osgood stress–strain relation were investigated. Fracture mechanics behavior was observed using scanning electron microscopic analysis of the crack shapes and fracture surfaces. Crack propagation was assessed in relation to the actual crack size and the loading level. Interrupted fatigue tests were also carried out to investigate the kinetics of the fatigue evolution of the materials. Microstructural evaluation of the samples was performed using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as X-ray diffraction, and measurement of dislocations was completed using TEM and XRD. The course of dislocation density in relation to cumulative usage factor was similar for both steels. However, the nature and distribution of dislocations were different in the individual steels and this resulted in different mechanical behaviors. The nature of the fracture surfaces of both steels appeared similar despite differences in dislocation arrangement. The distances between striation lines initially increased with increasing crack length and then became saturated. The low cycle fatigue behavior investigated can provide a reference for the remaining life assessment and lifetime extension analysis of nuclear power plant components.

  2. Improvement of oxidation resistance of copper by atomic layer deposition

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chang, M.L.; Cheng, T.C. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan (China); Lin, M.C. [Research Center for Biomedical Devices and Prototyping Production, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan (China); Lin, H.C., E-mail: hclinntu@ntu.edu.tw [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan (China); Chen, M.J., E-mail: mjchen@ntu.edu.tw [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan (China)

    2012-10-01

    Graphical abstract: Results of glancing incident angle diffraction (GIXD) show the bare-Cu specimen was attacked by oxidation, whereas the coated-Cu specimens prevented from this problem. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Deposition of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} films on pure copper by an atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Analysis of properties of the films coated at various substrate temperatures using the ALD technique. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Identification of the improvement of oxidation resistance of pure copper by the ALD-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} films. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Assessment of the durability of the ALD-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} films by adhesion strength. - Abstract: Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} films were deposited by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique onto pure copper at temperatures in the range 100-200 Degree-Sign C. The chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanic properties of the ALD-deposited Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} films were systematically analyzed. The variations in the film characteristics with substrate temperature were observed. Oxidation trials revealed that 20-nm-thick Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} films deposited at a substrate temperature as low as 100 Degree-Sign C suppress oxidative attack on pure copper. The Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} films also showed excellent durability of adhesion strength, according to predictions using the Coffin-Manson model based on the results of accelerated temperature cycling tests. These features indicate that ALD-deposited Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} film is a very promising candidate to be a protective coating for pure copper.

  3. Studies in the electronic structure of matter

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Swarts, C.A.

    1979-01-01

    Chapter I: Here the results of various theories for the angular distribution of electrons photoemitted from the outermost p-shell of rare gas atoms are compared. The theories compared are (I) the local density theories of Slater (X/sub α/) and of Hohenberg, Kohn and Sham, (II) the pseudopotential method, (III) Hartree-Fock theory as evaluated by Kennedy and Manson, and (IV) Amusia's Random Phase Approximation with Exchange (RPAE). It is shown that the local density theories, although simple, generally fail to produce reliable cross section; the more complicated Hartree-Fock method is no more reliable; the a priori RPAE method is most reliable, but tedious; and the phenomenological pseudopotential method offers a good combination of reliability and simplicity. The muffin-tin approximation, widely used in molecular and condensed matter physics, is examined and found to be adequate. Chapter II: Extended Hueckel theory is applied to GaAs, GaP and to the nitrogen isoelectronic trap in GaAs and GaP. The computed perfect crystal band structures are found to be in reasonable agreement with those computed with empirical pseudopotentials. Nitrogen impurity levels in GaAs and GaP are calculated using a cluster model. Chapter III: By means of model calculations for an independent electron metal, we obtain exact lineshapes for the photon absorption, emission and photoemission spectra of deep core states. We find in each case an X-ray edge anomaly as pedicted by Nozieres and De Dominicis. Sumrules are used as a general check on the calculations and to explain the deviations of the exact theory from the exciton theory away from threshold

  4. Mean strain effects on the random cyclic strain-life relations of 0Cr18Ni10Ti pipe steel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhao Yongxiang; Yang Bing

    2005-01-01

    Experimental study is performed on the mean strain effects on the random cyclic strain-life relations of the new nuclear material, 0Cr18Ni10Ti pipe steel. In order to save costs of specimens and tests, an improved maximum likelihood fatigue test method is applied to manage the present strain-controlled fatigue tests. Six straining ratios, respectively, -1, -0.52, 0.22, 0.029, 0.18, and 0.48, are applied to study the effects. Total 104 specimens are fatigued. Since the material exhibits an entirely relaxation effect of mean stress under the six ratios and, in addition, there is no effectively method for the description of the mean straining effects under this case, previous Zhao's random strain-life relations are therefore applied for effective characterization of the scattering test data under the six ratios on a basis of Coffin-Manson equation.Then the effects of the ratios are analyzed respectively on the average fatigue lives, the standard deviations of the logarithms of fatigue lives, and the fatigue lives under different survival probabilities and confidences. The results reveal that the ratios greater than zero exhibit a positive effect of about 1.3 to 1.6 times under the survival probability of 0.999 and the confidence of 95%. A negative effect is exhibited for the case of the ratios less than zero. In addition, the assessment of the effects from the sense of average fatigue lives might result in a wrong conclusion for the practice of higher reliabilities. The effects can be appropriately assessed from a probabilistic sense to take into account the average lives, the scattering regularity of test data, and the size of sampling. (author)

  5. Low cycle fatigue properties of CLAM steel at 823 K

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hu, Xue [Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049 (China); Huang, Lixin [Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 (China); State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004 (China); Yan, Wei; Wang, Wei [Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 (China); Sha, Wei [School of Planning, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Queen' s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG (United Kingdom); Shan, Yiyin, E-mail: yyshan@imr.ac.cn [Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 (China); Yang, Ke, E-mail: kyang@imr.ac.cn [Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 (China)

    2014-09-08

    China Low Activation Martensitic (CLAM) steel is considered to be the main candidate material for the first wall components of future fusion reactors in China. In this paper, the low cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of CLAM steel is studied under fully reversed tension–compression loading at 823 K in air. Total strain amplitude was controlled from 0.14% to 1.8% with a constant strain rate of 2.4×10{sup −3} s{sup −1}. The corresponding plastic strain amplitude ranged from 0.023% to 1.613%. The CLAM steel displayed continuous softening to failure at 823 K. The relationship between strain, stress and fatigue life was obtained using the parameters obtained from fatigue tests. The LCF properties of CLAM steel at 823 K followed Coffin–Manson relationship. Furthermore, irregular serration was observed on the stress–strain hysteresis loops of CLAM steel tested with the total strain amplitude of 0.45–1.8%, which was attributed to the dynamic strain aging (DSA) effect. During continuous cyclic deformation, the microstructure and precipitate distribution of CLAM steel changed gradually. Many tempered martensitic laths were decomposed into subgrains, and the size and number of M{sub 23}C{sub 6} carbide and MX carbonitride precipitates decreased with the increase of total strain amplitude. The response cyclic stress promoted the recovery of martensitic lath, while the thermal activation mainly played an important role on the growth of precipitates in CLAM steel at 823 K. In order to have a better understanding of high-temperature LCF behavior, the potential mechanisms controlling stress–strain response, DSA phenomenon and microstructure changes have also been evaluated.

  6. Fatigue Resistance of GX12CrMoVNbN9-1 Cast Steel after Ageing Process

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stanisław MROZIŃSKI

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available In the present paper, low cycle fatigue behaviour of GX12CrMoVNbN9-1 (GP91 cast steel is presented. Fatigue tests were performed under isothermal conditions at room temperature and at 550 and 600oC, on five levels of total strain amplitude value ɛac = 0.25÷0.60%. The cast steel subject to investigation was in the as-received condition (after heat treatment and after 8000 hours of ageing at the temperature of 600oC. Performed research has shown an insignificant influence of the ageing process on mechanical properties of GP91 cast steel, determined with the static test of tension. Analysis of the performed tests has proved that GP91 cast steel in the as-received condition and after ageing process was characterized by strong cyclic softening without a clear period of stabilization of the hysteresis loop parameters. The fatigue lifetime curves at each temperature were obtained based on Basquin and Coffin – Manson equations. The process of ageing of GP91 cast steel contributed to a decrease in its fatigue life Nf from a few to a few dozen percent, and the level of fatigue life was dependent on the value of strain amplitude ɛac. It has also been stated that the fatigue life Nf of GP91 cast steel is determined by its plastic properties, and the degree of changes in fatigue life Nf was dependent not only on the temperature of testing, but also on the value of strain amplitude ɛac. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.20.4.6077

  7. Seasonal variations of the semi-diurnal and diurnal tides in the MLT: multi-year MF radar observations from 2–70° N, modelled tides (GSWM, CMAM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. H. Manson

    2002-05-01

    Full Text Available In an earlier paper (Manson et al., 1999a tidal data (1990–1997 from six Medium Frequency Radars (MFR were compared with the Global Scale Wave Model (GSWM, original 1995 version. The radars are located between the equator and high northern latitudes: Christmas Island (2° N, Hawaii (22° N, Urbana (40° N, London (43° N, Saskatoon (52° N and Tromsø (70° N. Common harmonic analysis was applied, to ensure consistency of amplitudes and phases in the 75–95 km height range. For the diurnal tide, seasonal agreements between observations and model were excellent while for the semi-diurnal tide the seasonal transitions between clear solstitial states were less well captured by the model. Here the data set is increased by the addition of two locations in the Pacific-North American sector: Yamagawa 31° N, and Wakkanai 45° N. The GSWM model has undergone two additional developments (1998, 2000 to include an improved gravity wave (GW stress parameterization, background winds from UARS systems and monthly tidal forcing for better characterization of seasonal change. The other model, the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM which is a General Circulation Model, provides internally generated forcing (due to ozone and water vapour for the tides. The two GSWM versions show distinct differences, with the 2000 version being either closer to, or further away from, the observations than the original 1995 version. CMAM provides results dependent upon the GW parameterization scheme inserted, but one of the schemes provides very useful tides, especially for the semi-diurnal component.Key words. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (middle atmosphere dynamics; waves and tides

  8. Book Reviews

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Redactie KITLV

    1974-04-01

    Full Text Available - Umar Junus, Claire Holt, Culture and politics in Indonesia, Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca and London, 1972. xi, 348 pp., maps, indexes., Benedict R. O’G. Anderson, James Siegel (eds. - S. Avé, Robert Stiller, Antologia Literatury Malajskiej. Biblioteka Narodowa, Zaklad Narodowy im. Ossolinskich, Wroclaw etc. 1971. 528 p. - H.J. Heering, J. van Baal, De boodschap der drie illusies. Van Gorcum & Co. Assen 1972. 135 blz. - The Siauw Giap, Goh Cheng Teik, The Malay Thirteenth incident and democracy in Malaysia. Oxford in Asia Current Affairs. Oxford University Press, Kula Lumpur & Singapore, 1971. 76 p. - W.F. Wertheim, Harry J. Benda, Continuity and change in Southeast Asia: Collected journal articles, Southeast Asia studies, Yale University, New Haven 1972, 307 p. - J.J. Ras, James Danandjaja, An annotated bibliography of Javanese folklore, Occasional paper no.9, Center for South and Southeast Asia studies, University of California, Berkeley, 1972, 162 pp. - I. Schöffer, Rob Nieuwenhuys, Oost Indische spiegel. Wat Nederlandse schrijvers en dichters over Indonesië hebben geschreven, vanaf de eerste jaren der Compagnie tot heden. Em. Querido, Amsterdam 1972. 645 blz. (Inleiding 11-18, Aantekeningen 555-621, Verantwoording 622-25, Namen en adressen 626, Woordenlijst 627-30, Register 631-45. - E. Postel-Coster, James L. Peacock, Indonesia; an anthropological perspective. Goodyear regional anthropological series, Edword Norbeck (ed.. Goodyear publishing company, Inc., Pacific Palisades, California, 1973. 168 pp. - C. Baks, O.H.K. Spate, India, Pakistan and Ceylon, the regions. Methuen and Co. Ltd., University Paperback 420, London 1972. 407-862 p., A.T.A. Learmouth, B.H. Farmer (eds. - ,

  9. The Multiple-component Binary Hyad, vA 351 - a Progress Report

    Science.gov (United States)

    Benedict, George Fritz; Franz, Otto G.; Wasserman, Lawrence H.

    2017-06-01

    We extend results first announced by Franz et al. (1998) in the abstract, http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998AAS...19310207F ,that identified vA 351 = H346 in the Hyades as a multiple star system containing a white dwarf. With HST/FGS fringe tracking and scanning, spanning four years, we establish a parallax, relative orbit, and mass fraction for the A-B components, with a period, P~5.47y. With ground-based radial velocities from the McDonald Observatory Struve 2.1m telescope and Sandiford Spectrograph, spanning 14 years, we find that component B consists of BC, two M dwarf stars orbiting with a very short period (P(BC)~0.75 days), having a mass ratio C/B~0.94. We confirm that the total mass of the system can only be reconciled with the distance and component photometry by including a fainter, higher mass component, proposed to be a ~0.8Msun white dwarf. Thus, the quadruple system consists of three M dwarfs (A,B,C) and one white dwarf (D). The M dwarf masses and absolute magnitudes are consistent with the Benedict et al. (2016, http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AJ....152..141B) lower Main Sequence Mass-Luminosity Relation. The radial velocity signal has so far yielded a signature only for the short-period BC orbital motion. Velocities from H-α and He I emission lines confirm the BC period from absorption lines, with similar (He I) and higher (H-α) velocity amplitudes.

  10. Health care's ills: A Catholic diagnosis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sibley, Angus

    2016-01-01

    Catholic teaching is emphatic on the need to “guarantee adequate [health] care to all,” as Pope Benedict XVI has stated. America has been slower than other advanced countries in progressing towards this goal. Reasons for this delay can be found in certain attitudes that have long been present in American culture, and have been reinforced by the wave of libertarianism (free-market ideology) that swept the world in the late twentieth century. Catholic theology and social/economic teaching can help us understand the flaws in these attitudes, which involve fundamental philosophical and theological principles, but which are far from academic, since they have serious and very practical consequences. In the light of Catholic teaching, we can look towards a sounder understanding of healthcare needs and effective ways of meeting them. Lay Summary: This article argues that access to healthcare, at least up to the level of basic necessity, falls under the heading of distributive justice. It is a human right owed by the community to each of its citizens. And since rights entail obligations, this right entails an obligation upon each citizen to contribute, as circumstances permit, to the costs, which need to be shared equitably; they cannot be met simply by each individual providing solely for oneself. Also discussed are the problems of excessive costs in healthcare administration and in pharmacological research, as well as harmful tendencies in private-sector firms to over-reward top management and to target maximum (rather than adequate) profits. PMID:28392590

  11. Pitfalls in �Biblical� leadership

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Volker Kessler

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available This article is about the pitfalls involved in writing a Christian handbook on leadership. By analysing some elements of the Rule of Benedict it is argued that it is impossible to write such a handbook without using non-Biblical sources. Moreover, there are typical pitfalls when authors attempt to develop a pure Biblical leadership theory. The first pitfall is typical of Christians representing Niebuhr�s type of �Christ against Culture�. As early as 1951, Niebuhr claimed that in the field of leadership in particular the radical exclusive Christians reintroduced rules from non-Christian cultures. Examples from the last decade support Niebuhr�s observation. The second pitfall, referred to as reconstruction, is typical of those authors who are open to secular sources but who seek to give Biblical evidence for their leadership theory. This pitfall is illustrated by analysing the process in which the secular concepts of transforming leadership and vision statements found their way into evangelical books on Christian leadership. Reconstruction typically consists of four steps: Perception (a secular model of leadership becomes popular, Acceptance (this model is examined and accepted for the context of the church Assimilation (it is claimed that leaders in the Bible worked exactly as described in the model, books are written about Biblical leadership, exemplifying the model. The secular source becomes obsolete. and Standardisation (this model of leadership is declared to be the Biblical norm for every Christian leader. I argue that step 3 is at least problematic and step 4 is a fatal error.

  12. Basal Metabolic Rate of Adolescent Modern Pentathlon Athletes: Agreement between Indirect Calorimetry and Predictive Equations and the Correlation with Body Parameters.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Lannes Loureiro

    Full Text Available The accurate estimative of energy needs is crucial for an optimal physical performance among athletes and the basal metabolic rate (BMR equations often are not well adjusted for adolescent athletes requiring the use of specific methods, such as the golden standard indirect calorimetry (IC. Therefore, we had the aim to analyse the agreement between the BMR of adolescents pentathletes measured by IC and estimated by commonly used predictive equations.Twenty-eight athletes (17 males and 11 females were evaluated for BMR, using IC and the predictive equations Harris and Benedict (HB, Cunningham (CUN, Henry and Rees (HR and FAO/WHO/UNU (FAO. Body composition was obtained using DXA and sexual maturity data were retrieved through validated questionnaires. The correlations among anthropometric variables an IC were analysed by T-student test and ICC, while the agreement between IC and the predictive equations was analysed according to Bland and Altman and by survival-agreement plotting.The whole sample average BMR measured by IC was significantly different from the estimated by FAO (p<0.05. Adjusting data by gender FAO and HR equations were statistically different from IC (p <0.05 among males, while female differed only for the HR equation (p <0.05.The FAO equation underestimated athletes' BMR when compared with IC (T Test. When compared to the golden standard IC, using Bland and Altman, ICC and Survival-Agreement, the equations underestimated the energy needs of adolescent pentathlon athletes up to 300kcal/day. Therefore, they should be used with caution when estimating individual energy requirements in such populations.

  13. Extraction of user's navigation commands from upper body force interaction in walker assisted gait

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pons José L

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The advances in technology make possible the incorporation of sensors and actuators in rollators, building safer robots and extending the use of walkers to a more diverse population. This paper presents a new method for the extraction of navigation related components from upper-body force interaction data in walker assisted gait. A filtering architecture is designed to cancel: (i the high-frequency noise caused by vibrations on the walker's structure due to irregularities on the terrain or walker's wheels and (ii the cadence related force components caused by user's trunk oscillations during gait. As a result, a third component related to user's navigation commands is distinguished. Results For the cancelation of high-frequency noise, a Benedict-Bordner g-h filter was designed presenting very low values for Kinematic Tracking Error ((2.035 ± 0.358·10-2 kgf and delay ((1.897 ± 0.3697·101ms. A Fourier Linear Combiner filtering architecture was implemented for the adaptive attenuation of about 80% of the cadence related components' energy from force data. This was done without compromising the information contained in the frequencies close to such notch filters. Conclusions The presented methodology offers an effective cancelation of the undesired components from force data, allowing the system to extract in real-time voluntary user's navigation commands. Based on this real-time identification of voluntary user's commands, a classical approach to the control architecture of the robotic walker is being developed, in order to obtain stable and safe user assisted locomotion.

  14. Update on the status of life extension in U.S. Nuclear Power Plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hevia Ruperez, F.; Lehnert, D.F.; Gregor, F.E.

    1997-01-01

    The purpose of this paper is to provide an update on the status of key activities that may affect the plant life extension option for U.S. nuclear power plants and to explain how the progress on the regulatory and technical developments may affect the world-wide nuclear industry. Establishing a predictable and stable regulatory process is the final piece that is needed by U.S. utilities to confidently consider the plant life extension option in their strategic planning. Certain technical issues were also identified in the previous studies where additional investigation would benedict the U.S. nuclear power industry's understanding of an aging effect and/or capability to demonstrate that the aging effect can be effectively managed. It is concluded that the lessons learned from the U.S. industry activities and the associated interactions with the NRC are leading to a positive indication that U.S. utilities believe the differences between the NRC and industry on the implementation of the amended license renewal rule can be successfully resolved and the that many utilities generally are interested in pursuing the life extension option as part of their strategic planning. The methodology and guidance developed in the U.S. for performing integrated plant assessments and evaluating time-limited aging analyses will be of significant interest to utilities and regulators in other countries. They will undoubtedly lay the foundation for an acceptable approach for demonstrating that aging processes are being processes are being effectively managed by plant programs and that safety margins or bases will be maintained during an extended operating period. (Author)

  15. "Cool" Topic: Feeding During Moderate Hypothermia After Intracranial Hemorrhage.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dobak, Stephanie; Rincon, Fred

    2017-09-01

    Therapeutic moderate hypothermia (MH; T core 33°C-34°C) is being studied for treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Nutrition assessment begins with accurate basal metabolic rate (BMR) determination. Although early enteral nutrition (EN) is associated with improved outcomes, it is often deferred until rewarming. We sought to determine the accuracy of predictive BMR equations and the safety and tolerance of EN during MH after ICH. Patients were randomized to 72 hours of MH or normothermia (NT; T core 36°C-37°C). Harris-Benedict (BMR-HB) and Penn-State equation (BMR-PS) calculations were compared with indirect calorimetry (IC) at day (D) 0 and D1-3. Patients with MH received trophic semi-elemental gastric EN. Occurrences of feeding intolerance, gastrointestinal (GI)-related adverse events, and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) were analyzed with a double-sided matched pairs t test. Thirteen patients with ICH participated (6 MH, 7 NT). Mean time to initiate EN: 29.9 (MH) vs 18.4 (NT) hours ( P = .046). Average daily EN calories received D0-3: 398 (MH) vs 1006 (NT) ( P BMR-HB remained stable (1331 kcal), BMR-PS decreased (1511 vs 1145 kcal, P = .5), and IC decreased (1413 vs 985 kcal, P = .2). In patients with ICH undergoing MH, resting energy expenditure is decreased and predictive equations overestimate BMR. EN is feasible, although delayed EN initiation, high gastric residuals, and less EN provision are common. Future studies should focus on EN initiation within 24 hours, advanced EN rates, and postpyloric feeds during hypothermia.

  16. Female fibromyalgia patients: lower resting metabolic rates than matched healthy controls.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lowe, John C; Yellin, Jackie; Honeyman-Lowe, Gina

    2006-07-01

    Many features of fibromyalgia and hypothyroidism are virtually the same, and thyroid hormone treatment trials have reduced or eliminated fibromyalgia symptoms. These findings led the authors to test the hypothesis that fibromyalgia patients are hypometabolic compared to matched controls. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured by indirect calorimetry and body composition by bioelectrical impedance for 15 fibromyalgia patients and 15 healthy matched controls. Measured resting metabolic rate (mRMR) was compared to percentages of predicted RMR (pRMR) by fat-free weight (FFW) (Sterling-Passmore: SP) and by sex, age, height, and weight (Harris-Benedict: HB). Patients had a lower mRMR (4,306.31+/-1077.66 kJ vs 5,411.59+/-695.95 kJ, p=0.0028) and lower percentages of pRMRs (SP: -28.42+/-15.82% vs -6.83+/-12.55%, pBMI) best accounted for variability in controls' RMRs, age and fat weight (FW) did for patients. In the patient group, TSH level accounted for 28% of the variance in pain distribution, and free T3 (FT3) accounted for 30% of the variance in pressure-pain threshold. Patients had lower mRMR and percentages of pRMRs. The lower RMRs were not due to calorie restriction or low FFW. Patients' normal FFW argues against low physical activity as the mechanism. TSH, FT4, and FT3 levels did not correlate with RMRs in either group. This does not rule out inadequate thyroid hormone regulation because studies show these laboratory values do not reliably predict RMR.

  17. ASPECTOS ULTRA-SONOGRÁFICOS DA ESQUISTOSSOMOSE HEPATOESPLÊNICA Ultrasound findings in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcio Martins Machado

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available A ultra-sonografia representa uma importante contribuição no diagnóstico da forma hepatoesplênica da esquistossomose. A ultra-sonografia permite a identificação das principais alterações, como espessamento periportal, perivesicular, aumento do lobo hepático esquerdo, redução do lobo hepático direito e esplenomegalia. Adicionalmente, os padrões hemodinâmicos podem ser avaliados com o Doppler, sendo possível a análise das veias porta, mesentérica superior e esplênica, além de facilitar o estudo dos vasos venosos colaterais. Em áreas endêmicas, a ultra-sonografia assume papel de destaque, sendo superior à avaliação clínica na identificação da hepatoesplenomegalia e possibilitando o acompanhamento dos pacientes submetidos a tratamento clínico. Neste trabalho, os autores apresentam uma revisão dos principais achados sonográficos e ao Doppler da esquistossomose hepatoesplênica, sendo demonstrada, também, a relação destes achados com os aspectos clínico-patológicos desta doença.Ultrasound represents an important contribution to the diagnosis of hepatosplenic mansonic schistosomiasis. Abnormalities such as hyperechoic fibrotic bands along the portal vessels, volumetric reduction of the right hepatic lobe, enlargement of the left lobe, perivesicular fibrotic thickening and splenomegaly can be recognized. Moreover, the hemodynamic status of the portal venous system may also be evaluated by Doppler analysis, including the identification of collateral veins and portosystemic venous shunts. In endemic areas, ultrasound is of great value in the identification of hepatosplenomegaly, allowing follow-up of patients under clinical treatment. This review presents the ultrasonographic and Doppler features of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. The relationship between these findings and the clinical and pathological characteristics of this disease are also discussed.

  18. Flexural fatigue life prediction of closed hat-section using materially nonlinear axial fatigue characteristics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Razzaq, Zia

    1989-01-01

    Straight or curved hat-section members are often used as structural stiffeners in aircraft. For instance, they are employed as stiffeners for the dorsal skin as well as in the aerial refueling adjacent area structure in F-106 aircraft. The flanges of the hat-section are connected to the aircraft skin. Thus, the portion of the skin closing the hat-section interacts with the section itself when resisting the stresses due to service loads. The flexural fatigue life of such a closed section is estimated using materially nonlinear axial fatigue characteristics. It should be recognized that when a structural shape is subjected to bending, the fatigue life at the neutral axis is infinity since the normal stresses are zero at that location. Conversely, the fatigue life at the extreme fibers where the normal bending stresses are maximum can be expected to be finite. Thus, different fatigue life estimates can be visualized at various distances from the neural axis. The problem becomes compounded further when significant portions away from the neutral axis are stressed into plastic range. A theoretical analysis of the closed hat-section subjected to flexural cyclic loading is first conducted. The axial fatigue characteristics together with the related axial fatigue life formula and its inverted form given by Manson and Muralidharan are adopted for an aluminum alloy used in aircraft construction. A closed-form expression for predicting the flexural fatigue life is then derived for the closed hat-section including materially nonlinear action. A computer program is written to conduct a study of the variables such as the thicknesses of the hat-section and the skin, and the type of alloy used. The study has provided a fundamental understanding of the flexural fatigue life characteristics of a practical structural component used in aircraft when materially nonlinear action is present.

  19. Fatigue life of the casting-magnesium alloy AZ91

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Eisenmeier, G.; Mughrabi, H.; Holzwarth, B.; Hoeppel, H.W.; Ding, H.Z.

    2000-01-01

    The cyclic deformation behaviour of the die-casting magnesium alloy AZ91 was investigated at constant total strain amplitudes between 1.4 x 10 -3 and 2 x 10 -2 at room temperature (20 C) and at 130 C. At low total strain amplitudes, a weak cyclic softening at the beginning of the fatigue tests is followed by cyclic hardening, whereas at high total strain amplitudes a strong cyclic hardening occurs throughout. The fatigue lives at 130 C are slightly longer at high strain amplitudes but shorter at low strain amplitudes than at room temperature. The fatigue life data for both temperatures can be described well by the laws of Manson-Coffin and Basquin. The microstructural investigations performed show the strong influence of several microstructural features on the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. In order to understand the fatigue crack propagation behaviour, fatigue tests were interrupted at certain numbers of cycles in order to make replicas of the surface of the samples. It could be verified that crack propagation occurs mainly by the coalescence of smaller cracks. Furthermore, unloading tests, performed within a closed cycle, were carried out in order to capture the changes of stiffness (compliance) during a closed cycle with the aim to ascertain the damage evolution occurring during the fatigue tests and to determine the stresses at which the cracks open and close. Finally, two-step fatigue tests were carried out with the objective to quantify deviations from the linear damage rule (LDR) of Palmgren and Miner. The results obtained in this study will be used to formulate a microstructurally based life-prediction concept for single-step as well as for two-step fatigue loading. (orig.)

  20. Order effect of strain applications in low-cycle cumulative fatigue at high temperatures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bui-Quoc, T.; Biron, A.

    1977-01-01

    Recent test results on cumulative damage with two strain levels on a stainless steel (AISI 304) at room temperature, 537 and 650 0 C show that the sum of cycle-ratios can be significantly smaller than unity for decreasing levels; the opposite has been noted for increasing levels. As a consequence, the use of the linear damage rule (Miner's law) for life predictions is not conservative in many cases. Since the double linear damage rule (DLDR), originally developed by Manson et al. for room temperature applications, takes the order effect of cyclic loading into consideration, an extension of this rule for high temperature cases may be a potentially useful tool. The present paper is concerned with such an extension. For cumulative damage tests with several levels, according to the DLDR, the summation is applied separately for crack initiation and crack propagation stages, and failure is then assumed to occur when the sum is equal to unity for both stages. Application of the DLDR consists in determining the crack propagation stage Nsub(p) associated with a particular number of cycles at failure N, i.e. Nsub(p)=PNsup(a) where exponent a and coefficient P had been assumed to be equal to 0.6 and 14 respectively for several materials at room temperature. When the DLDR is applied (with a=0.6 and P=14) to predict the remaining life at the second strain level (for two-level cumulative damage) for 304 stainless steel at room temperature 537 0 C and 650 0 C, the results show that the damage due to the first strain level is over-emphasized for decreasing levels when the damaging cycle-ratio is small. For increasing levels, the damage is underestimated and in some testing conditions this damage is simply ignored

  1. Effect of residual stresses on the reliability of components under fatigue

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ruestenberg, I.

    1995-01-01

    The assurance of the reliability of mechanical components relative to a variety of failure mechanisms is of decisive technical, industrial, and economic importance. In this dissertation, the reliability, i.e. the probability that the lifetime does not fall below a given value, is examined with respect to the particularly important failure mechanisms of fracture and fatigue. The general problem of uniaxial fatigue is studied on the basis of both continuum damage mechanics and crack mechanics. In particular, the mechanisms of crack initiation, as characterized by the Coffin-Manson-Neuber local strain-life equations for notched components as well as the mechanism of crack growth, as governed by the Paris-Erdogang relation, are taken into account. The nonlinear fatigue damage accumulation process for components subjected to general, cyclic loading histories is modeled by a multilinear damage law which allows, in principle, to characterize the subsequent activation of different fatigue mechanisms. Explicit equations are developed for quintuple-, quadruple-, and triple-linear damage accumulation. Particularly promising appears the triple-linear damage approach which allows, in principle, the identification of a nucleation, an initiation, and a final growth stage up to rupture of fatigue cracks. The beneficial effect of intentionally induced compressive residual stresses on the lifetime of the component is investigated. To this end, an elasto-plastic contact problem, based on Prandtl-Reuss' constitutive equations, is numerically solved, and the residual stress field, as it is typically produced by the mechanical process of cold rolling, is established. Assessments of the effect of adaptation, i.e. the subsequent reduction of the residual stresses due to cyclic in-service loading as well as of the effect of unavoidable surface roughness, introduced by manufacturing processes like forging, are carried out. (author) figs., tabs., refs

  2. Key achievements in elementary R and Ds on water-cooled solid breeder blanket for ITER Test Blanket Module in JAERI

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Suzuki, S.; Enoeda, M.; Hatano, T.; Hirose, T.; Tanigawa, H.; Tobita, K.; Akiba, M.; Hayashi, K.; Ochiai, K.; Nishitani, T.

    2005-01-01

    This paper presents significant progress in research and development (R and D) of key elementary technologies on the water-cooled solid breeder blanket for the ITER test blanket modules (TBMs) in JAERI. Development of module fabrication technology, bonding technology of armors, measurement of thermo-mechanical properties of pebble beds, neutronics studies on a blanket module mockup, and tritium release behavior from Li 2 TiO 3 pebble bed under neutron pulsed operation condition are summarized. By the improvement of heat treatment process for blanket module fabrication, a fine-grained microstructure of F82H, can be obtained by homogenizing it at 1150 deg C followed by normalizing at 930 deg C after the Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) process. Moreover, a promising bonding process for a tungsten armor and an F82H structural material was developed by using a solid state bonding method based on uniaxial hot compression without any artificial compliant layer. As a result of high heat flux tests of F82H first wall mockups, it was found that the thermal fatigue lifetime of F82H can be predicted by using Manson-Coffin's law. As for R and Ds on a breeder material, Li 2 TiO 3 , effective thermal conductivity of Li 2 TiO 3 pebble was measured under compressive force simulating the ITER TBM environment. The increase in the effective thermal conductivity of the pebble bed was about 2.5 % at the compressive strain of 0.9 % at 400 deg C. Neutronic performance of the blanket module mockup has been carried out by the 14 MeV neutron irradiation. It was confirmed that the measured tritium production rate agreed with the calculated values within about 10% difference. Also, tritium release from a Li 2 TiO 3 pebble bed was measured under pulsed neutron irradiation conditions simulating the ITER operation. (author)

  3. Influence of cycle number, temperature and manufacturing process on deformation-induced martensite in meta-stable austenitic stainless steels

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kalkhof, D.; Niffenegger, M.; Grosse, M.; Bart, G.

    2002-01-01

    During cyclic loading of austenitic stainless steel, microstructural changes occur, which affect both the mechanical and the physical properties. Typical features are the rearrangement of dislocations and, in some cases, a deformation-induced martensitic phase transformation. In our investigation martensite formation was used as an indication for material degradation due to fatigue. Knowledge about mechanisms and influencing parameters of the martensitic transformation process is essential for the application in a lifetime monitoring system. The investigations showed that for a given meta-stable austenitic stainless steel the deformation-induced martensite depends on the applied strain amplitude, the cycle number (accumulated plastic strain) and the temperature. It was demonstrated that the volume fraction of martensite continuously increases with the cycle number. Therefore, martensite content could be used for indication of the fatigue usage. According to the Coffin-Manson relation the dependence of the martensite content on the cycle number could be described with a power law. The exponent was determined to be equal to 0.5 for the applied loading and temperature conditions. The influence of temperature on deformation-induced martensite was considered by means of a thermodynamic relation. Furthermore, the initial material state (initial defect density) played an important role for the martensite formation rate. Material properties and microstructures were characterised by metallography, neutron diffraction, and advanced magnetic non-destructive techniques. In order to investigate the correlation between the martensite content in the austenitic matrix and magnetic properties, the magnetic susceptibility was determined. Furthermore, a high sensitive Giant Magneto Resistant sensor was used to visualize the martensite distribution at the surface of the fatigue specimens. All applied techniques, neutron diffraction and advanced magnetic methods allowed the detection

  4. Effect of sodium environment on the creep-rupture and low-cycle fatigue behavior of austenitic stainless steels

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Natesan, K.; Chopra, D.K.; Zeman, G.J.; Smith, D.L.; Kassner, T.F.

    1977-01-01

    Austenitic stainless steels used for in-core structural components, piping, valves, and the intermediate heat exchanger in Liquid-Metal Fast-Breeder Reactors (LMFBRs) are subjected to sodium at elevated temperatures and to complex stress conditions. As a result, the materials can undergo compositional and microstructural changes as well as mechanical deformation by creep and cyclic fatigue processes. In the present paper, information is presented on the creep-rupture and low-cycle fatigue behavior of Types 304 and 316 stainless steel in the solution-annealed condition and after long-term exposure to flowing sodium. The nonmetallic impurity-element concentrations in the sodium were controlled at levels similar to those in EBR-II primary sodium. Strain-time relationships developed from the experimental creep data were used to generate isochronous stress-creep strain curves as functions of sodium-exposure time and temperature. The low-cycle fatigue data were used to obtain relationships between plastic strain range and cycles-to-failure based on the Coffin-Manson formalism and a damage-rate approach developed at ANL. An analysis of the cyclic stress-strain behavior of the materials showed that the strain-hardening rates for the sodium-exposed steels were larger than those for the annealed material. However, the sodium-exposed specimens showed significant softening, as evidenced by the lower stress at half the fatigue life. Microstructural information obtained from the different specimens suggests that crack initiation is more difficult in the long-term sodium-exposed specimens when compared with the solution-annealed material. Based on the expected carbon concentrations in LMFBR primary system sodium, moderate carburization of the austenitic stainless steels will not degrade the mechanical properties to a significant extent, and therefore, will not limit the performance of out-of-core components. (author)

  5. Predominant enteropathogens in acute diarrhea and associated variables in children at the Lambayeque Regional Hospital, Peru

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Heber Silva-Díaz

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Objective: To determine the type and frequency of predominant enteropathogens in acute diarrhea and their associated characteristics in children treated at Hospital Regional Lambayeque (HRL - Peru. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in 70 fecal samples between March and May 2015. These samples were studied by coproculture and immunochromatography for the detection of enteropathogenic bacteria and viruses, respectively, while enteroparasites were sought by direct microscopic examination, Kinyoun staining method and ELISA for the detection of coproantigens (Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp. Leukocyte count and chemical tests (Benedict, Thevenon and Sudan III were also performed for the functional study of the diarrheal disease. Results: In 48.6% of the samples, the infectious etiology of diarrhea was detected, prevailing the parasitic cause (25.8%, followed by the bacterial (17.1% and viral (5.8% ones. The most common enteropathogens were G. lamblia (18.6% and Salmonella enteritidis (10.0%. An association between greater than 100 fecal leukocytes per field and the bacterial etiology (p=0.027 was observed, while less than 10 fecal leukocytes per field (p=0.002 and a positive Sudam III test (p=0.003 were associated with the parasitic etiology. Conclusions: In more than half of the samples (51.4% the infectious etiology of diarrhea could not be proven, whereas Giardia lamblia was the most frequent cause of diarrhea in the studied population. However, it is necessary to implement more sensitive and specific techniques for the detection of a greater range of enteropathogens with which to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease

  6. Low RMRratio as a Surrogate Marker for Energy Deficiency, the Choice of Predictive Equation Vital for Correctly Identifying Male and Female Ballet Dancers at Risk.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Staal, Sarah; Sjödin, Anders; Fahrenholtz, Ida; Bonnesen, Karen; Melin, Anna Katarina

    2018-06-22

    Ballet dancers are reported to have an increased risk for energy deficiency with or without disordered eating behavior. A low ratio between measured ( m ) and predicted ( p ) resting metabolic rate (RMR ratio  energy deficiency. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of suppressed RMR using different methods to calculate p RMR and to explore associations with additional markers of energy deficiency. Female (n = 20) and male (n = 20) professional ballet dancers, 19-35 years of age, were enrolled. m RMR was assessed by respiratory calorimetry (ventilated open hood). p RMR was determined using the Cunningham and Harris-Benedict equations, and different tissue compartments derived from whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessment. The protocol further included assessment of body composition and bone mineral density, blood pressure, disordered eating (Eating Disorder Inventory-3), and for females, the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire. The prevalence of suppressed RMR was generally high but also clearly dependent on the method used to calculate p RMR, ranging from 25% to 80% in males and 35% to 100% in females. Five percent had low bone mineral density, whereas 10% had disordered eating and 25% had hypotension. Forty percent of females had elevated Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire score and 50% were underweight. Suppressed RMR was associated with elevated Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire score in females and with higher training volume in males. In conclusion, professional ballet dancers are at risk for energy deficiency. The number of identified dancers at risk varies greatly depending on the method used to predict RMR when using RMR ratio as a marker for energy deficiency.

  7. Transmissibility of the Ice Bucket Challenge among globally influential celebrities: retrospective cohort study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chan, Brandford H Y; Leung, Gabriel M; Lau, Eric H Y; Pang, Herbert

    2014-01-01

    Objectives To estimate the transmissibility of the Ice Bucket Challenge among globally influential celebrities and to identify associated risk factors. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Social media (YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram). Participants David Beckham, Cristiano Ronaldo, Benedict Cumberbatch, Stephen Hawking, Mark Zuckerberg, Oprah Winfrey, Homer Simpson, and Kermit the Frog were defined as index cases. We included contacts up to the fifth generation seeded from each index case and enrolled a total of 99 participants into the cohort. Main outcome measures Basic reproduction number R0, serial interval of accepting the challenge, and odds ratios of associated risk factors based on fully observed nomination chains; R0 is a measure of transmissibility and is defined as the number of secondary cases generated by a single index in a fully susceptible population. Serial interval is the duration between onset of a primary case and onset of its secondary cases. Results Based on the empirical data and assuming a branching process we estimated a mean R0 of 1.43 (95% confidence interval 1.23 to 1.65) and a mean serial interval for accepting the challenge of 2.1 days (median 1 day). Higher log (base 10) net worth of the participants was positively associated with transmission (odds ratio 1.63, 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 2.50), adjusting for age and sex. Conclusions The Ice Bucket Challenge was moderately transmissible among a group of globally influential celebrities, in the range of the pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza. The challenge was more likely to be spread by richer celebrities, perhaps in part reflecting greater social influence. PMID:25514905

  8. Walking impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis: exercise training as a treatment option

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Robert W Motl

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available Robert W Motl1, Myla D Goldman2, Ralph HB Benedict31Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; 2Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, VA, USA; 3Department of Neurology, SUNY Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USAAbstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS is a chronic disease of the central nervous system that culminates in the progression of physical and cognitive disability over time. Walking impairment is a ubiquitous feature of MS and a sentinel characteristic of the later or advanced stages of the disease. This paper presents a conceptual rationale along with empirical evidence for exercise training as a rehabilitation approach for managing walking impairment and improving walking function in persons with MS. Conceptually, MS is associated with a decrease in physical activity, which, in turn, can result in deconditioning across multiple domains of physiological functioning. The resulting deconditioning feeds back and further drives physical inactivity until a threshold is reached that likely initiates the progression of walking impairment in MS. Empirically, physical activity and exercise training have been associated with beneficial effects on walking function in persons with MS. This is based on cross-sectional, longitudinal, and experimental research that included diversity in the breadth of measures of walking, persons with MS, and exercise/physical activity characteristics. Of particular importance, future researchers might consider examining the combinatory effects of exercise training plus pharmacological agents on walking mobility in MS. Collectively, exercise training and physical activity might hold significant potential for the management of progressive mobility disability in MS.Keywords: mobility, walking, exercise, physical activity, movement

  9. Resting energy expenditure prediction in recreational athletes of 18-35 years: confirmation of Cunningham equation and an improved weight-based alternative.

    Science.gov (United States)

    ten Haaf, Twan; Weijs, Peter J M

    2014-01-01

    Resting energy expenditure (REE) is expected to be higher in athletes because of their relatively high fat free mass (FFM). Therefore, REE predictive equation for recreational athletes may be required. The aim of this study was to validate existing REE predictive equations and to develop a new recreational athlete specific equation. 90 (53 M, 37 F) adult athletes, exercising on average 9.1 ± 5.0 hours a week and 5.0 ± 1.8 times a week, were included. REE was measured using indirect calorimetry (Vmax Encore n29), FFM and FM were measured using air displacement plethysmography. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to develop a new FFM-based and weight-based REE predictive equation. The percentage accurate predictions (within 10% of measured REE), percentage bias, root mean square error and limits of agreement were calculated. Results: The Cunningham equation and the new weight-based equation REE(kJ / d) = 49.940* weight(kg) + 2459.053* height(m) - 34.014* age(y) + 799.257* sex(M = 1,F = 0) + 122.502 and the new FFM-based equation REE(kJ / d) = 95.272*FFM(kg) + 2026.161 performed equally well. De Lorenzo's equation predicted REE less accurate, but better than the other generally used REE predictive equations. Harris-Benedict, WHO, Schofield, Mifflin and Owen all showed less than 50% accuracy. For a population of (Dutch) recreational athletes, the REE can accurately be predicted with the existing Cunningham equation. Since body composition measurement is not always possible, and other generally used equations fail, the new weight-based equation is advised for use in sports nutrition.

  10. Diplomacia, propaganda y guerra santa en el siglo XIV: la embajada castellana a Aviñón y la elaboración del discurso ideológico

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    Rodríguez-Picavea, Enrique

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available After the triumph at the Battle of Salado (1340, Alfonso XI of Castile sent an embassy to Pope Benedict XII to inform him of victory. Naturally, the embassy was conceived as an act of propaganda. This episode was later recounted in the Crónica de Alfonso XI, the Poema de Alfonso Onceno and the Gran Crónica de Alfonso XI. The three works produced the ideological discourse that interested to the monarchy. The aim of this paper is to analyze the propaganda transmitted by these three texts. In the story of the embassy to Avignon, Alfonso XI is presented as the leader of Christendom against Islam.

    Tras el triunfo en la batalla del Salado (1340, Alfonso XI de Castilla envió una embajada al Papa Benedicto XII para comunicarle la victoria. Naturalmente, la embajada fue concebida como un acto de propaganda política. Este episodio fue recogido posteriormente por las tres fuentes básicas para conocer el reinado del monarca castellano: la Crónica de Alfonso XI, el Poema de Alfonso Onceno y la Gran Crónica de Alfonso XI. Las tres obras contribuyeron a elaborar el discurso ideológico que le interesaba transmitir a la monarquía. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la visión propagandística que estos textos dejaron sobre el episodio de la embajada a Aviñón, donde el monarca castellano es presentado como el líder que necesita la Cristiandad para enfrentarse al Islam.

  11. Of watchdogs and safe havens: control mechanisms and/in online sacred spaces

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    Alexander Darius Ornella

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available ‘Die große Schlacht. Der Hass des Satans auf Benedikt XVI. Non prae­valebunt’ is the headline of an article the Austrian-based and Catholic news portal, kath.net, published in early June 2012. It is about how badly and unfairly the media treat the Catholic Church and its official representatives in the wake of the so-called ‘Vatileaks’ scandal and it reasons that Satan is behind the attacks of the media, society, popular culture, on saintly figures such as Pope Benedict XVI. ‘Gegen die Diktatur des Relativismus’ is another article published on the same platform in the context of a conference hosted by the Catholic Heiligenkreuz monastery. On the forum kath.net, powerful language is employed to draw the faithful in, to make them feel themselves to be safe within a community of like-minded people in the midst of turmoil. News portals and message boards such as kath.net create safe spaces within a world whose culture, values, and morals are not only not understood but despised. The analysis is informed by critical discourse analysis and based on Paul Ricœur’s understanding of narratives and how narratives create worlds. As a first step, the concept of space and Ricœur’s understanding of narrative identity are discussed. After an introduction to the news portal kath.net, a close reading of some articles shows how these safe spaces are created and guarded. To conclude, a reflection on the implications of the self-understanding of kath.net and some of its user base on the understanding of hierarchy and the role of theology in the Church, is provided.

  12. Verso una filosofia della luce e dell’ascolto? Il secondo capitolo dell’enciclica sul Lumen fidei

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    Pasquale Giustiniani

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Normal 0 14 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind. This phrase, attributed to Albert Einstein, with the implicit metaphor of light, through blindness, would have wanted to emphasize that faith and science are not irreconcilables. This paper means, at the urging of Pope Francis (but also of Pope Benedict XVI, as we shall see, that is possible to reflect on the relationships between religion and science, faith and reason, theology and philosophy, ethics, religion and art, Hellenism and Christianity, biblical message and achievements of the recent reason… in the light of the second chapter of the encyclical Lumen fidei. In this chapter, summarizing some aspects of the life of St. Augustine, the encyclical speaks of the decisive moment in his journey of faith, identifying listening to the voice of God (philosophy of listening  but never he refuse the light and vision (philosophy of light. From this result, can be proposed again a reflection in predominantly philosophical and religious perspective, with much attention to acoustic and visual perception of the divine, by which the ancient pairs of terms between faith and reason, theology - philosophy, faith - science ... /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabella normale"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;}

  13. El anticlericalismo y sus consecuencias en las diócesis gallegas durante el período de la II República (1931-1936

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    Hernández Figueiredo, José Ramón

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available This article shows the pain and desolation of so many galician cities, towns and villages which suffered the violence of the revolutionary hand,specially during the tragic spring of ´36. Its preparation is posible thanks to the oficial opening to the researchers of the documents of the Vatican Secret Archive corresponding to the papacy of Pío XI, by the Pope Benedict XVI. These files sent by Bishops and general Vicars, depending on the circumstances, present outrages, raids and damages, fires, aggressions and inprisonments. The historical or religious sociological indicators which provide the setting for these antireligious outrages, help to comprehend and interpret the presented information and to understand that there really existed a religious persecution under the regime of the II Republic in Galicia.

    En este artículo se recoge el dolor y la desolación de tantas ciudades, villas y aldeas gallegas, que padecieron la violencia de la zarpa revolucionaria, especialmente durante la primavera “trágica” del 36. Su elaboración es posible gracias a la apertura oficial a los investigadores de los documentos del Archivo Secreto Vaticano correspondientes al pontificado de Pío XI, por el Papa Benedicto XVI. Estos informes enviados por obispos, vicarios generales o vicarios capitulares, según las circunstancias, presentan desmanes, asaltos y destrozos, incendios, agresiones y encarcelamientos. Los indicadores históricos o de sociología religiosa que enmarcan estos desmanes antirreligiosos, ayudan a comprender e interpretar los datos expuestos y a entender que realmente existió una persecución religiosa bajo el régimen de la II República en Galicia.

  14. Transmissibility of the Ice Bucket Challenge among globally influential celebrities: retrospective cohort study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ni, Michael Y; Chan, Brandford H Y; Leung, Gabriel M; Lau, Eric H Y; Pang, Herbert

    2014-12-16

    To estimate the transmissibility of the Ice Bucket Challenge among globally influential celebrities and to identify associated risk factors. Retrospective cohort study. Social media (YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram). David Beckham, Cristiano Ronaldo, Benedict Cumberbatch, Stephen Hawking, Mark Zuckerberg, Oprah Winfrey, Homer Simpson, and Kermit the Frog were defined as index cases. We included contacts up to the fifth generation seeded from each index case and enrolled a total of 99 participants into the cohort. Basic reproduction number R0, serial interval of accepting the challenge, and odds ratios of associated risk factors based on fully observed nomination chains; R0 is a measure of transmissibility and is defined as the number of secondary cases generated by a single index in a fully susceptible population. Serial interval is the duration between onset of a primary case and onset of its secondary cases. Based on the empirical data and assuming a branching process we estimated a mean R0 of 1.43 (95% confidence interval 1.23 to 1.65) and a mean serial interval for accepting the challenge of 2.1 days (median 1 day). Higher log (base 10) net worth of the participants was positively associated with transmission (odds ratio 1.63, 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 2.50), adjusting for age and sex. The Ice Bucket Challenge was moderately transmissible among a group of globally influential celebrities, in the range of the pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza. The challenge was more likely to be spread by richer celebrities, perhaps in part reflecting greater social influence. © Ni et al 2014.

  15. Effect of Varying Acid Hydrolysis Condition in Gracilaria Sp. Fermentation Using Sasad

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mansuit, H.; Samsuri, M. D. C.; Sipaut, C. S.; Yee, C. F.; Yasir, S. M.; Mansa, R.

    2015-04-01

    Macroalgae or seaweed is being considered as promising feedstock for bioalcohol production due to high polysaccharides content. Polysaccharides can be converted into fermentable sugar through acid hydrolysis pre-treatment. In this study, the potential of using carbohydrate-rich macroalgae, Gracilaria sp. as feedstock for bioalcohol production via various acid hydrolysis conditions prior to the fermentation process was investigated and evaluated. The seaweed used in this research was from the red algae group, using species of Gracilaria sp. which was collected from Sg. Petani Kedah, Malaysia. Pre-treatment of substrate was done using H2SO4 and HCl with molarity ranging from 0.2M to 0.8M. The pretreatment time were varied in the range of 15 to 30 minutes. Fermentation was conducted using Sasad, a local Sabahan fermentation agent as a starter culture. Alcohol extraction was done using a distillation unit. Reducing sugar analysis was done by Benedict test method. Alcohol content analysis was done using specific gravity test. After hydrolysis, it was found out that acid hydrolysis at 0.2M H2SO4 and pre-treated for 20 minutes at 121°C has shown the highest reducing sugar content which has yield (10.06 mg/g) of reducing sugar. It was followed by other samples hydrolysis using 0.4M HCl with 30 minutes pre-treatment and 0.2M H2SO4, 15 minutes pre-treatment with yield of 8.06 mg/g and 5.75 mg/g reducing sugar content respectively. In conclusion, acid hydrolysis of Gracilaria sp. can produce higher reducing sugar yield and thus it can further enhance the bioalcohol production yield. Hence, acid hydrolysis of Gracilaria sp. should be studied more as it is an important step in the bioalcohol production and upscaling process.

  16. Parenteral structured triglyceride emulsion improves nitrogen balance and is cleared faster from the blood in moderately catabolic patients.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kruimel, J W; Naber, T H; van der Vliet, J A; Carneheim, C; Katan, M B; Jansen, J B

    2001-01-01

    Most postoperative patients lose net protein mass, which reflects loss of muscle tissue and organ function. Perioperative parenteral nutrition may reduce the loss of protein, but in general, with conventional lipid emulsions a waste of protein still remains. We compared the effects on nitrogen balance of an emulsion containing structured triglycerides, a new type of synthesized triglycerides, with an emulsion of a physical mixture of medium- and long-chain triglycerides as part of parenteral feeding in moderately catabolic patients. The first 5 days after placement of an aortic prosthesis patients received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) providing 0.2 g of nitrogen per kg body weight per day; energy requirement was calculated using Harris and Benedict's equation, adding 300 kcal per day for activity. Twelve patients were treated with the structured triglyceride emulsion and 13 patients with the emulsion of the physical mixture of medium- and long-chain triglycerides. The design was a randomized, double-blind parallel study. In the patients who completed the study, the mean cumulative nitrogen balance over the first 5 postoperative days was -8+/-2 g in 10 patients on the structured triglyceride emulsion and -21+/-4 g in 9 patients on the emulsion of the physical mixture of medium- and long-chain triglycerides; the mean difference was 13 g of nitrogen (95% confidence interval 4 to 22, p = .015) in favor of the structured triglyceride emulsion. On the first postoperative day serum triglyceride and plasma medium-chain free fatty acid levels increased less during infusion of the structured triglyceride emulsion than with the physical mixture emulsion. The parenteral structured triglyceride emulsion improves the nitrogen balance and is cleared faster from the blood, compared with the emulsion of the physical mixture of medium- and long-chain triglycerides, in moderately catabolic patients.

  17. [Assessment of the nutritional status of a group of people older than 50 years by means of dietary and body composition parameters].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martínez Roldán, C; Veiga Herreros, P; Cobo Sanz, J Ma; Carbajal Azcona, A

    2011-01-01

    To assess the nutritional status of elder adults by means of dietary and body composition parameters. The sample comprised 49 adults, older than 50 years (23 men and 26 women) with a mean age of 54.84±4.56 years, working at a private university. The body composition was analyzed by using anthropometric parameters. The energy and nutrients intake was gathered by means of a registry of all the foods and beverages consumed during 3 days that was filled-up by each (previously instructed) participant and estimating the amounts through photographic models. Total energy requirements were estimated by the Harris-Benedict and FAO/WHO calculations. The body mass index was similar (p=0.018) in both men and women (26.1±1.9 and 24.4±2.8 kg/m²). The percentage of fat obtained by anthropometrics was 29.6±3.6 and 36.8±3.1% (p=0.000) in men and women, respectively. The level of physical activity was very light to light. Daily energy intake was appropriate for total energy demands when these were calculated by the calculations proposed by FAO/WHO. The caloric profile indicated an unbalance with high proteins and lipids and low carbohydrates intake. As for the micronutrients, the diets assessed indicated a deficient intake of folic acid and vitamins D and E, in both genders, and zinc and selenium also in women. We have found overweight problems according to the BMI and the waist circumference, and obesity according to the body fat percentage, with the potential risk for the development of an associated complication. It would be advisable to improve the quality of the diets consumed by increasing the amount of some micronutrients and fiber, and by promoting an increase in the physical activity.

  18. Imagined Transcultural Histories and Geographies

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    Bronwyn Winter

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available In a globalised world, an assumption prevails that the nation has somehow lost its power to regulate our lives, being undermined by other forces, either top-down through the impact of global capitalism or bottom-up through migrations, transnational religious, ethnic or social movement communities or other transversal politics. A related idea is that ‘culture’ is now irrevocably hybridised and border-zoned, that we no longer live in a world of discrete, located, identifiable and historically grounded cultures but in some unstable and for-the-moment insterstitiality, a sort of cultural interlanguage that sits outside well-mapped structures of power. Yet, just as the nation and the boundaries it sets around culture are being conceptually chased from our maps of the world, they come galloping back to reassert themselves. They do so politically, economically, legally, symbolically. Amidst all the noise of our transnationalisms, hybridities and interstitialities, the idea of what it is to be ‘Australian’ or ‘French’ or ‘Filipino’ or ‘Asian’ reaffirms itself, in mental geographies and constructed histories, as our ‘imagined community’ (to use Benedict Anderson’s famous term [Anderson 1983], or indeed, ‘imagined Other’, even if it is an imagined ‘Other’ that we would somehow wish to incorporate into our newly hybridised Self. Using the notion of transcultural mappings, the articles in this special issue investigate this apparent paradox. They look at how the Self and Other have been mapped through imagined links between geography, history and cultural location. They interrogate the tension between the persistence of mappings of the world based on discrete national or cultural identities on one hand, and, on the other hand, the push to move beyond these carefully guarded borders and problematise precise notions of identity and belonging.

  19. Romancização ou serialização: ou diferentes formas de tempo

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    Peter Hitchcock

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo explora a noção bakhtiniana de romancização no que se refere à sua teoria de tempo e serialização. Bakhtin, para quem o romance é histórico, mas sem história, remonta à Grécia antiga para traçar a história do romance. Sem dar a ele uma identidade fixa, compreende-o em termos de tendências e crises. A romancização, para Bakhtin, é um meio de tornar a história literária acessível a uma análise mais dialógica da forma e um modo discursivo para avaliar ideologias criticamente. Ele enfatiza a habilidade desestabilizadora do romance, sua descentralização do discurso e sua acomodação de vozes não oficiais e estrangeiras. Seu sugestivo relato histórico do desenvolvimento do romance nos permite estender seu pensamento e esboçar a romancização mais como uma condição futura do que uma lei genérica. Bakhtin oferece uma versão problemática de modernidade, na qual o romance ativa a influência do tempo sobre o presente; no entanto, por causa da propensão à crise da modernidade, o tempo é suspenso. O artigo também examina um cronotopo do romance sobre o qual Bakhtin tem pouco a dizer: o tempo/espaço da nação. Benedict Anderson e Etienne Balibar, cujos interesses incluem temas relacionados ao comparatismo, ao multiculturalismo e ao pós-colonialismo, questionam a ideia de nação por meio de análises em que o gênero romanesco é privilegiado.

  20. Nota Critica sulla Diffusione della Partita Doppia nei Libri Mastri Delle Zecche Del Regno di Napoli. La Firma di Benedetto Cotrugli (Secc. XV-XVI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simonluca Perfetto

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Attraverso il confronto di cinque registri contabili compilati dagli ufficiali delle zecche del Regno di Napoli, tra il 1453 e il 1576, l’autore tenta di stabilire quale influenza abbiano avuto nell’apparato burocratico regnicolo le conoscenze di Benedetto Cotrugli in materia di Partita Doppia. I risultati della ricerca pongono in evidenza il differente impiego che il raguseo fece di questo strumento contabile rispetto al Pacioli, in quanto oltre ad esserne stato il primo espositore e ad averlo utilizzato nella gestione della propria azienda, lo diffuse ad ogni livello socio-economico: personale, statale e teorico. Through the comparison of five accounting registers compiled by the officers of the mints of the Kingdom of Naples, between 1453 and 1576, the author attempts to establish what influence had on the reign bureaucratic apparatus the Benedict Cotrugli knowledge regarding Double Entry. The results of research put in evidence the different application that the ragusan did of this accounting tool respect to Pacioli, because over to being the first exhibitor and to have it used in the management of their company, he released it at every socio-economic level: personal, state and theoretical. Por medio de la comparación de cinco registros contables compilados por los oficiales de las fábricas de moneda del Reino de Nápoles, entre 1453 y 1576, el autor intenta establecer qué influencia tuvo en el reino el aparato burocrático el conocimiento de Benedicto Cotrugli sobre la partida doble. Los resultados de la investigación ponen en evidencia la diferente aplicación que hizo el raguseo de esta herramienta contable respecto a Pacioli, ya que al ser el primero en mostrarlo y tenerlo utilizado en la gestión de su empresa, lo lanzó a todos los niveles socioeconómicos: personal, estatal y teórico.

  1. The use of Latin and the European republic of letters: Change and continuity in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

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    Per Pippin Aspaas

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available This article, which is the author’s trial lecture for the degree of Philosophiae Doctor, offers a brief history of the use of Latin among men of learning. The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are known as the periods of Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment, respectively. In the same timespan the Republic of Letters flourished, a word which connoted a kind of ‘imagined community’ (in Benedict Anderson’s words which bound together the supporters of the new science. In transgressing confessional, civil, and ideological boundaries Latin offered a peculiar kind of assistance. A text in Latin would signify not merely erudition, but also some sort of neutrality. However much the active use and the passive ability to understand various vernacular languages rose internationally, neither Italian, French, English, or German was received without mixed feelings. Escaping the famous definition of a language as ‘a dialect with an army and a navy’, Latinity proved capable of persisting by means of ‘soft power’ alone. The processes which led to the end of this state of affairs were not one and the same. Italian, which Galilei and the academicians of Florence used, achieved national or regional, rather than international, success. English, cultivated by the Royal Society of London, was undoubtedly comprehensible to many learned, but it was used rarely abroad nevertheless. French, having the Académie Royale des Sciences and the encyclopédistes among its supporters, especially towards the end of the eighteenth century seemed poised to take over the Republic of Letters. German, read by many men of learning in Nordic and Eastern parts of Europe, reeked of vulgarity or even barbarism. That Latin, the victim of nationalism, democratisation, and secularisation, in brief, of European modernity, also served as a vehicle and a midwife for that very same modernity is a lesson well worth bearing in mind.

  2. Estimation of consumption of the useful life in the nozzles of a gas turbine by the phenomenon of thermal fatigue; Estimacion de consumo de vida util en las toberas de una turbina de gas por el fenomeno de fatiga termica

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Perez Hernandez, Efrain [Centro Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo Tecnologico (Cenidet), Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico); Mazur C, Zdzislaw; Garcia Illescas, R. [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)

    2007-11-15

    The estimation of the useful life in the hot components of the gas turbines such as nozzles and blades is important since they undergo critical temperature changes which produce thermo-mechanical fatigue during the starts, stops and load changes for estimation of the useful life in the nozzles of a gas turbine made of a cobalt base alloy FSX-414 on which cracks have been developed during the operation. The visual inspection and metallography of the nozzle revealed many cracks by thermo-mechanical fatigue in the blade surface besides the deterioration of the alloy. In the grain boundaries it was also found a continuous carbide film and also increment of the fraction of carbides within grains. This dense and continuous carbide network reduces the ductility and increases the fragility, along with the reduction of impact energy (Charpy), facilitates the initiation and crack propagation. The initiation and crack propagation in the alloy were due to a mechanism of thermal fatigue and termofluency that was facilitated by fragility of the material due to the deterioration previously mentioned and at significant levels of thermo-mechanical efforts. In the present article the results of thermal stress analysis from the results of temperature obtained of previous studies of an analysis of heat transference and flow of fluids by means of the Star-CD program based on finite volume. It is presented the used methodology and the stress distribution, which were used for the fatigue analysis for the estimation of the useful life. For that purpose a model of finite elements in program NISA, as well as the program of fatigue analysis nCode was used. For the counting of the cycle the method of Rainflow was used and the models of life by fatigue of Manson-Coffin, Basquin, Morrow and Smih-Watson-Topper were compared. The variation of the mechanical properties with the temperature of the super alloy used in those hot components showed its great influence in the results of the fatigue

  3. Scientific Drilling of Impact Craters - Well Logging and Core Analyses Using Magnetic Methods (Invited)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fucugauchi, J. U.; Perez-Cruz, L. L.; Velasco-Villarreal, M.

    2013-12-01

    Drilling projects of impact structures provide data on the structure and stratigraphy of target, impact and post-impact lithologies, providing insight on the impact dynamics and cratering. Studies have successfully included magnetic well logging and analyses in core and cuttings, directed to characterize the subsurface stratigraphy and structure at depth. There are 170-180 impact craters documented in the terrestrial record, which is a small proportion compared to expectations derived from what is observed on the Moon, Mars and other bodies of the solar system. Knowledge of the internal 3-D deep structure of craters, critical for understanding impacts and crater formation, can best be studied by geophysics and drilling. On Earth, few craters have yet been investigated by drilling. Craters have been drilled as part of industry surveys and/or academic projects, including notably Chicxulub, Sudbury, Ries, Vredefort, Manson and many other craters. As part of the Continental ICDP program, drilling projects have been conducted on the Chicxulub, Bosumtwi, Chesapeake, Ries and El gygytgyn craters. Inclusion of continuous core recovery expanded the range of paleomagnetic and rock magnetic applications, with direct core laboratory measurements, which are part of the tools available in the ocean and continental drilling programs. Drilling studies are here briefly reviewed, with emphasis on the Chicxulub crater formed by an asteroid impact 66 Ma ago at the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary. Chicxulub crater has no surface expression, covered by a kilometer of Cenozoic sediments, thus making drilling an essential tool. As part of our studies we have drilled eleven wells with continuous core recovery. Magnetic susceptibility logging, magnetostratigraphic, rock magnetic and fabric studies have been carried out and results used for lateral correlation, dating, formation evaluation, azimuthal core orientation and physical property contrasts. Contributions of magnetic studies on impact

  4. Low Temperature Creep of Hot-Extruded Near-Stoichiometric NiTi Shape Memory Alloy. Part 2; Effect of Thermal Cycling

    Science.gov (United States)

    Raj, S. V.; Noebe, R. D.

    2013-01-01

    This paper is the first report on the effect prior low temperature creep on the thermal cycling behavior of NiTi. The isothermal low temperature creep behavior of near-stoichiometric NiTi between 300 and 473 K was discussed in Part I. The effect of temperature cycling on its creep behavior is reported in the present paper (Part II). Temperature cycling tests were conducted between either 300 or 373 K and 473 K under a constant applied stress of either 250 or 350 MPa with hold times lasting at each temperature varying between 300 and 700 h. Each specimen was pre-crept either at 300 or at 473 K for several months under an identical applied stress as that used in the subsequent thermal cycling tests. Irrespective of the initial pre-crept microstructures, the specimens exhibited a considerable increase in strain with each thermal cycle so that the total strain continued to build-up to 15 to 20 percent after only 5 cycles. Creep strains were immeasurably small during the hold periods. It is demonstrated that the strains in the austenite and martensite are linearly correlated. Interestingly, the differential irrecoverable strain, in the material measured in either phase decreases with increasing number of cycles, similar to the well-known Manson-Coffin relation in low cycle fatigue. Both phases are shown to undergo strain hardening due to the development of residual stresses. Plots of true creep rate against absolute temperature showed distinct peaks and valleys during the cool-down and heat-up portions of the thermal cycles, respectively. Transformation temperatures determined from the creep data revealed that the austenitic start and finish temperatures were more sensitive to the pre-crept martensitic phase than to the pre-crept austenitic phase. The results are discussed in terms of a phenomenological model, where it is suggested that thermal cycling between the austenitic and martensitic phase temperatures or vice versa results in the deformation of the austenite and

  5. Essence of Daylight in the Cistercian Monastic Church of S. Bento de Cástris, Évora, Portugal

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martins, Ana M. T.; Carlos, Jorge S.

    2017-10-01

    Natural light in the Cistercian churches is closely linked not only with the liturgical requirements at the “officium” but also with the canonical hours based on the "ora et labora" dictated by the Rule of St. Benedict. The Cistercian architecture, in its beginnings (12th century forward) is characterized by austerity, simplicity and the play of light and shadow that gives value to the monastic architectural space itself, making it perfect for a contemplative experience. In the Cistercian Monastery the church is the central piece of the monastic building. Nave, transept and apse are the main architectural components to which is added the choir. This paper contextualizes the importance and close connections of natural light, within the Cistercian Monasteries architecture. Thus the essence of daylight is analysed within the Church of the Monastery of S. Bento de Cástris, in Évora, Portugal. This former Monastery (13th - 19th centuries) includes the church, at the south-eastern corner which has not only a high choir, but also a low lateral choir (within the presbytery). Its unchanged exterior walls are made of solid masonry. Although the function of the walls is primarily structural, the windows allow the daylight to penetrate the space of the church. The church has two external façades facing northeast and southeast. The combined orientation effect of the church’s main axis and the sun trajectory determines how the sunlight reaches the interior of this architectural structure. This study presents the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the luminous environment in the church of S. Bento de Cástris, being the first based on the authors’ perception of the effect of the daylight within the different areas of the enclosed space. The appreciation of the spatial experiences was supported by quantitative daylight simulations that were conducted in selected areas within the space. With this paper is intended to contribute to the debate about the specificity

  6. Are predictive equations for estimating resting energy expenditure accurate in Asian Indian male weightlifters?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mini Joseph

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Background: The accuracy of existing predictive equations to determine the resting energy expenditure (REE of professional weightlifters remains scarcely studied. Our study aimed at assessing the REE of male Asian Indian weightlifters with indirect calorimetry and to compare the measured REE (mREE with published equations. A new equation using potential anthropometric variables to predict REE was also evaluated. Materials and Methods: REE was measured on 30 male professional weightlifters aged between 17 and 28 years using indirect calorimetry and compared with the eight formulas predicted by Harris–Benedicts, Mifflin-St. Jeor, FAO/WHO/UNU, ICMR, Cunninghams, Owen, Katch-McArdle, and Nelson. Pearson correlation coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis were carried out to study the agreement between the different methods, association with anthropometric variables, and to formulate a new prediction equation for this population. Results: Pearson correlation coefficients between mREE and the anthropometric variables showed positive significance with suprailiac skinfold thickness, lean body mass (LBM, waist circumference, hip circumference, bone mineral mass, and body mass. All eight predictive equations underestimated the REE of the weightlifters when compared with the mREE. The highest mean difference was 636 kcal/day (Owen, 1986 and the lowest difference was 375 kcal/day (Cunninghams, 1980. Multiple linear regression done stepwise showed that LBM was the only significant determinant of REE in this group of sportspersons. A new equation using LBM as the independent variable for calculating REE was computed. REE for weightlifters = −164.065 + 0.039 (LBM (confidence interval −1122.984, 794.854]. This new equation reduced the mean difference with mREE by 2.36 + 369.15 kcal/day (standard error = 67.40. Conclusion: The significant finding of this study was that all the prediction equations

  7. Book Reviews

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Harry A. Poeze

    1983-04-01

    Full Text Available - Clara Brakel, I. Madé Bandem, Kaja and Kelod: Balinese dance in transition, Oxford University Press, Kuala Lumpur 1981, 191 pp., 8 figs., 62 plates., Frederik Eugene DeBoer (eds. - A. Duff-Cooper, Ingela Gerdin, The unknown Balinese. Land, labour and inequality in Lombok, Gothenburg studies in social anthropology 4. Gothenburg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 1982. - C. van Dijk, Benedict Anderson, Interpreting Indonesian politics: thirteen contributions to de debate, Ithaca, New York, 1982. Cornell Modern Indonesia Project, Interim reports series (Publication no. 62., Audrey Kahin (eds. - C. van Dijk, A.P.E. Korver, Sarekat Islam 1912-1916; Opkomst, bloei en structuur van Indonesië’s eerste massabeweging. Amsterdam, 1982. - M. Hekker, E.E. Graves, The Minangkabau response to Dutch colonial rule in the nineteenth century, New York 1981. Cornell Modern Indonesia Project, Monograph series No. 60, 147 p. - M. Hekker, J.F. Warren, The Sulu Zone, 1768-1898. The dynamics of external trade, slavery and ethnicity in the transformation of a Southeast Asian maritime state. Singapore University Press, Singapore 1981. xix + 390 pp. - Peter Kloos, Elisabeth Locher-Scholten, Ethiek in fragmenten. Vijf studies over koloniaal denken en doen van Nederlanders in de Indonesische Archipel 1877-1942. Utrecht, HES Publishers, 1981, 224 pp. - Peter J. M. Nas, H.A. Breuning, Het voormalige Batavia. Een Hollandse stedestichting in de tropen anno 1619. Utrecht, 1981, 163 p. - Harry A. Poeze, Improving access to Indonesian collections in the Netherlands; Contributions to a survey of Dutch Library and documentation activities in the field of Indonesian studies, Intercontinenta no. 2, Leiden, 1981, 78 pp. - Harry A. Poeze, H.B. Donkersloot, Bibliografie van de Nederlandse buitenlandse politiek; Nederland - Indonesië 1942-1980. Geannoteerde systematische bibliografie. Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1982, 100 pp. - Leontine E. Visser, Roy Ellen, Environment

  8. Validation of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Recommendations for Caloric Provision to Critically Ill Obese Patients: A Pilot Study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mogensen, Kris M; Andrew, Benjamin Y; Corona, Jasmine C; Robinson, Malcolm K

    2016-07-01

    The Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) recommend that obese, critically ill patients receive 11-14 kcal/kg/d using actual body weight (ABW) or 22-25 kcal/kg/d using ideal body weight (IBW), because feeding these patients 50%-70% maintenance needs while administering high protein may improve outcomes. It is unknown whether these equations achieve this target when validated against indirect calorimetry, perform equally across all degrees of obesity, or compare well with other equations. Measured resting energy expenditure (MREE) was determined in obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m(2)), critically ill patients. Resting energy expenditure was predicted (PREE) using several equations: 12.5 kcal/kg ABW (ASPEN-Actual BW), 23.5 kcal/kg IBW (ASPEN-Ideal BW), Harris-Benedict (adjusted-weight and 1.5 stress-factor), and Ireton-Jones for obesity. Correlation of PREE to 65% MREE, predictive accuracy, precision, bias, and large error incidence were calculated. All equations were significantly correlated with 65% MREE but had poor predictive accuracy, had excessive large error incidence, were imprecise, and were biased in the entire cohort (N = 31). In the obesity cohort (n = 20, BMI 30-50 kg/m(2)), ASPEN-Actual BW had acceptable predictive accuracy and large error incidence, was unbiased, and was nearly precise. In super obesity (n = 11, BMI >50 kg/m(2)), ASPEN-Ideal BW had acceptable predictive accuracy and large error incidence and was precise and unbiased. SCCM/ASPEN-recommended body weight equations are reasonable predictors of 65% MREE depending on the equation and degree of obesity. Assuming that feeding 65% MREE is appropriate, this study suggests that patients with a BMI 30-50 kg/m(2) should receive 11-14 kcal/kg/d using ABW and those with a BMI >50 kg/m(2) should receive 22-25 kcal/kg/d using IBW. © 2015 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

  9. LANGUAGE OF LOVE IN MARCELIJUS MARTINAITIS "ATMINTYS"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kristina Bačiulienė

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available The notion of transcendental love in the context of “the eternal return”, the motif of Eros, and the image of a woman are discussed in Marcelijus Martinaitis’s book "Atmintys: meilės lyrikos albumas" (eng. "Reminiscences: the album of love lyrics" (2008. The methods of mythopoetic thought, comparativistics, and interpretative mind have been applied. On the basis of the Bible, mythology, the notion of and relation between Eros and Love, also combining notions developed by philosophers as Nikolai Berdyaev, Erich Fromm, Vladimir Solovyev, phenomenologists as Algis Mickūnas, Mircea Eliade, Plato, and insights by popes Paul VI and Benedict XVI, a concept which might be useful in deciphering the language of love in Marcelijus Martinaitis’s book is introduced. The primary code of the album of love is the concept of memory and the notion of love as seen by Oskaras Milašius, while the secondary code relates to Dante, chivalric romance of Provence troubadours, legends of King Arthur, Celtic mythology. The genre of M. Martinaitis’s reminiscences was born when the poet was studying in Gervinės, and the first collection of Reminiscences appeared in 1986. The text of Reminiscences was seen as hermetic, intertextual, reflecting the act of cosmogony and antropogony in permanent space-time. The process of word re-creation is associated with archetypal consciousness, and the cycle of “the eternal return” prevails. Love is perceived as transcendental and existential basis, a purpose to merge with God, God’s gift to humanity, and the vision of love object. Eros (passion is ambivalent: it is earthly / heavenly, sinful / divine, creating / destructive, and driving power of creation. A woman is seen as earthly / sensual, divine / unreachable. An issue which motif (Christian or courtesan literature dominates in the album of love lyrics is discussed. Album is of great interest as an immanent text.

  10. A ingestão energética de pacientes em hemodiálise é subrelatada?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Inaiana Marques Filizola Vaz

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available ResumoIntrodução:O sub-relato da ingestão energética é pouco estudado na população em hemodiálise.Objetivo:Avaliar o sub-relato da ingestão energética e os fatores associados em pacientes em hemodiálise.Métodos:Estudo transversal, com 344 pacientes adultos estáveis, de dez centros de hemodiálise de Goiânia-GO. A ingestão energética foi avaliada por seis recordatórios de 24 horas e a taxa de metabolismo basal (TMB foi calculada pela equação de Harris Benedict. Foi considerado como sub-relato quando a razão entre a ingestão energética média e a TMB foi menor que 1,27. Para análise dos fatores associados ao sub-relato, foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson com estimativa robusta da variância.Resultados:A prevalência de sub-relato foi de 65,7%, sendo mais expressiva em indivíduos com excesso de peso e nos dias sem diálise. O resultado final da análise multivariada identificou quatro fatores independentemente associados ao sub-relato: sexo feminino (RP = 1,27; IC = 1,10-1,46, índice de massa corporal ≥ 25 kg/m2 (RP = 1,29; IC = 1,12-1,48, três ou menos refeições/dia (RP = 1,31; IC = 1,14-1,51 e tempo de hemodiálise inferior a cinco anos (RP = 1,19; IC = 1,01-1,40.Conclusão:A população avaliada demonstrou elevada prevalência de sub-relato da ingestão energética. Pertencer ao sexo feminino, apresentar excesso de peso, fazer um menor número de refeições diárias e ter menos tempo de hemodiálise foram fatores associados ao sub-relato.

  11. Gaucher disease type I: assessment of basal metabolic rate in patients from southern Brazil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Doneda, Divair; Lopes, André L; Oliveira, Alvaro R; Netto, Cristina B; Moulin, Cileide C; Schwartz, Ida V D

    2011-01-15

    Gaucher disease (GD) is characterized by clinical heterogeneity and is associated with metabolic abnormalities such as increased resting energy expenditure. To assess the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of patients with GD type I followed at the Gaucher Disease Reference Center of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Fourteen patients (male=6) and 14 healthy controls matched by gender, age and body mass index (BMI) were included in the study. The nutritional status of patients was assessed by BMI. The BMR was measured by indirect calorimetry. In two patients, it was possible to perform BMR in the pre- and the post-treatment periods. Mean age and BMI of patients and controls were, respectively, 32.8 ± 17.6 and 32.1 ± 16.6 years and 23.3 ± 3.1 and 22.4 ± 3.1 kg/m(2). Twelve patients were receiving enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with imiglucerase (mean duration of treatment=5.2 ± 4.3 years; mean dosage of imiglucerase=24.2 ± 7.3 UI/kg/inf). Five patients (36%) were overweight, and nine (64%) were normal weight. Mean BMR of patients on ERT was 27.1% higher than that of controls (p=0.007). There was no difference between the BMR of patients on ERT and not on ERT (n=4) (p=0.92). Comparing the BMR of patients on ERT and their controls with the BMR estimated by the Harris-Benedict equation, the BMR of patients was 6.3% higher than the estimated (p = 0.1), while the BMR of their controls was 17.0% lower than the estimated (p = 0.001). Most treated GD type I patients were normal weight. The patients including those on ERT showed higher BMR when compared to controls. Imiglucerase is probably unable to normalize the hypermetabolism presented by GD type I patients. Additional studies should be performed to confirm our findings. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. Production of Biofuels from Marine Macroalgae Melanothamnus afaqhusainii and Ulva fasciata

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khan, A. M.; Hussain, M. K.

    2015-01-01

    This research article is based on the production of biofuels from the marine macro red alga Melanothamnus afaqhusainii and marine macro green alga Ulva fasciata from the Karachi coast. M. afaqhusainii was investigated for biodiesel as well as for bioethanol whereas U. fasciata was investigated only for bioethanol. Two types of biodiesels namely fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) were prepared by the transesterification of algal oil. The carbohydrates from both algae were extracted by distilled water and subjected to different biochemical tests. It was hydrolyzed by various methods including acidic and basic as well as by using ammonia, hydrogen peroxide and mixture of organic solvents in the presence of AlCl/sub 3/. The comparative study of these methods revealed their efficiency order as NaOH (10 percentage)/heating (method-2) > NaOH (10 percentage)/H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ in microwave oven (method-5) > ammonia (50 percentage)/reflux (method-6). After hydrolysis, the presence of carbohydrates in the hydrolyzed samples was investigated by different biochemical tests including Molisch Test, Iodine Test, Benedict Test, Tollen Test, Barfoed's Test, Fehling solution Test, Osazone Test, Seliwanoff's Test and Bial's Test. In addition, the presence of glucose was confirmed by glucometer and Combur Test. The detailed investigation of carbohydrates was carried out that resulted in the identification of reducing sugars, polysaccharides, disaccharides and monosaccharides including glucose. The hydrolyzed samples were fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae under ground and paratial anaerobic conditions. The bioethanol so formed by fermentation was directly converted to UV active derivatives namely ethyl benzoate and benzyl acetate. They were confirmed by TLC examination in comparison with standard ethyl benzoate and benzyl acetate. UV spectrophotometer was used for the determination of total sugar and bioethanol on the basis of absorbance

  13. Main Revival Movements in the Catholic Church Before the Second Vatican Council

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michał Białkowski

    2018-06-01

    Full Text Available From the middle of the 19th century until convocation of the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965, several spiritual and intellectual revival movements were visible in the Catholic Church. They had one overarching objective – return to the origins (French: ressourcement. The revival of Biblical Studies, as the first of these movements, was implemented mainly at two specialist universities: the School of Practical Biblical Studies (French: École pratique d’études bibliques of Father Marie-Joseph Lagrange OP and at the Pontifical Biblical Institute (Pontificium Institutum Biblicum founded by Pope Saint Pius X. The Movement of Liturgical renewal, on the other hand, began at the Benedictine abbeys in Belgium, France and Germany, and was later popularised by Father Prosper Guéranger OSB, Father Lambert Beauduin OSB and Father Odo Casel OSB. Similarly as in the case of the Biblical revival, the teaching of successive Popes – and of Pius XII in particular – had a significant influence on changes in the Catholic liturgy. In contrast, the Ecumenical Movement was characterised by its bottom-up nature, and its beginnings were associated initially with Protestant missionary circles. An important contribution to this transformative movement were meetings between the Catholic and the Anglican Church, known as the Malines Conversations (French: Conversations des Malines, as well as the Una Sancta ecumenical movement developing robustly in Germany. Finally, the last crucial phenomenon – ain particular from the perspective of genesis of the Second Vatican Council – was the rise of Nouvelle Théologie, a new school of thought in Catholic theology. Its representatives include leading theologians of the 20th century: Father Henri de Lubac SJ, Father Karl Rahner SJ, Father Yves Congar OP, Father Marie-Dominique Chenu OP, as well as Father Joseph Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI and Father Hans Küng. It should be emphasised all the above Catholic renewal

  14. THE SPACE IN KOLO GORAH (1851 BY OTO ŠIJAKOVIĆ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anica Bilić

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Our interpretation of Kolo gorah iliti pozdrav veseli prastaromu i veleslavnomu od Požege gradu i velenarodnim njegovim vilam, a composition in verse by Oto Šijaković (Ilok, 1823 – Bač, 1878, a Franciscan priest and poet, written and performed in 1851 in Požega and published in Zagreb in 1862, focuses on the space in which the action takes place. As pozdrav, a greeting, is part of social behavior, Kolo gorah is first analyzed as a speech act according to John Austin’s speech act theory. The analysis of the ideologemic aspect, with reference to Russian semiotic theorists, namely Lotman and Toporov, confirms that the landscape can be turned into a symbol and, as a literary space, it can express non-spatial relations and form social, political and ideological aspects of one’s worldview. Since the landscape in Kolo gorah is formed as an idealized and national space, the analysis is focused on the way this work fits into the literature of Croatian Romanticism and its role in national integration processes which took place in the 19th century. Being based on theories of nations and nationalism by Benedict Anderson, Eric Hobsbawm and Anthony D. Smith, the role of this work in the shaping of the national identity has been analyzed from the following thematic aspects: collective past, present and future, mutual space, mutual culture and national man. Although referring to concrete geographical locations and hills surrounding Požega, the literary space in Kolo gorah is idyllic and in it Oto Šijaković incorporates a historical and cultural dimension, political ideas and worldviews, and then spiritualizes it by introducing mythical creatures and perceiving it as part of God's announcement. In the shaping of the literary space, the author uses idealizations in the form of a glorious past, beautiful present and joyful future on the time axis, and in the form of positive people living in an ideal state and church community on the social axis.

  15. Simulations of fusion chamber dynamics and first wall response in a Z-pinch driven fusion–fission hybrid power reactor (Z-FFR)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Qi, J.M., E-mail: qjm06@sina.com [Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy (LANE), Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999 (China); Center for Fusion Energy Science and Technology (CFEST), China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999 (China); Wang, Z., E-mail: wangz_es@caep.cn [Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy (LANE), Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999 (China); Center for Fusion Energy Science and Technology (CFEST), China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999 (China); Chu, Y.Y., E-mail: chuyanyun@caep.cn [Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy (LANE), Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999 (China); Center for Fusion Energy Science and Technology (CFEST), China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999 (China); Li, Z.H., E-mail: lee_march@sina.com [Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy (LANE), Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999 (China)

    2016-03-15

    Highlights: • Z-FFR utilizes DT neutrons to drive a sub-critical fission blanket to produce energy. • A metal shell and Ar gas are employed in the fusion chamber for shock mitigation. • Massive materials can effectively mitigate the thermal heats on the chamber wall. • The W-coated Zr-alloy first wall exhibits good viability as a long-lived component. - Abstract: In a Z-pinch driven fusion–fission hybrid power reactor (Z-FFR), the fusion target will produce enormous energy of ∼1.5 GJ per pulse at a frequency of 0.1 Hz. Almost 20% of the fusion energy yield, approximately 300 MJ, is released in forms of pulsed X-rays. To prevent the first wall from fatal damages by the intense X-rays, a thin spherical metal shell and rare Ar buffer gas are introduced to mitigate the transient X-ray bursts. Radiation hydrodynamics in the fusion chamber were investigated by MULTI-1D simulations, and the corresponding thermal and mechanical loads on the first wall were also obtained. The simulations indicated that by optimizing the design parameters of the metal shell and Ar buffer gas, peak power flux of the thermal heats on the first wall could be mitigated to less than 10{sup 4} W/cm{sup 2} within a time scale of several milliseconds, while peak overpressures of the mechanical loads varying from 0.6 to 0.7 MPa. In addition, the thermomechanical response in a W–coated Zr-alloy first wall was performed by FWDR1D calculations using the derived thermal and mechanical loads as inputs. The temperature and stress fields were analyzed, and the corresponding elastic strains were conducted for primary lifetime estimations by using the Coffin–Manson relationships of both W and Zr-alloy. It was shown that the maximum temperature rises and stresses in the first wall were less than 50 K and 130 MPa respectively, and lifetime of the first wall would be in excess of 10{sup 9} cycles. The chamber exhibits good viability as a long-lived component to sustain the Z-FFR conceptual

  16. Kinetika Hidrolisis Pati Biji Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus Menggunakan Katalisator Asam Klorida (HCl

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sri Endang

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available The research of kinetic hydrolysis from the starch of jackfruit seed (Artocarpus heterophyllus used clorid acid catalyst (HCl aims to know the influence of variation of concentration HCl catalyst which give the maximum result of hydrolysis of the starch of jackfruit seed, determining the optimum concentration of HCl catalyst that produces the maximum value of the reaction rate constants, and determine the value of the reaction rate constant of hydrolysis the starch of jackfruit seed using catalyst. The method of this research has done in two stages that are the determination of the optimum catalyst concentration of HCl hydrolysis reaction of the starch of jackfruit seed using various concentration of catalyst HCl 0,5 M; 1,0 M; 1,5 M; 2,0 M and 2,5 M at the optimum temperature and stirring time (90oC during 70 minutes. Hydrolysis followed by neutralization process using sodium hydroxide solution and evaporated to get the form of glucose concentrated, that glucose is analyzed by qualitative and quantitative with Benedict experiment and fenol sulphate acid method, based on maximum degree of glucose which is gotten from the result of hydrolysis the starch of jackfruit seed variation concentration oh HCl is in HCl 1,5 M concentration with degree of glucose (% weight is 7,54% with percentage of starch conversion is 83,21%. Second step is determining the value of hydrolysis constant rate reaction which use time variation (30, 40,50, 60 and 70 minutes in 70 minutes optimum operation condition, 90oC te mperature and concentration catalyst of HCl 1,5 M. Based on statistic calculation date of ANOVA is gained F hitung < F tabel so Ho receive and reject HI  which shows that there is not influence catalyst variation concentration of HCl to the result of hydrolysis the starch of jackfruit seed which is gained. The result of the research shows that hydrolysis of kinetic of the starch of jackfruit seeduse HCl catalyst is reaction of the first apparent orde with

  17. A Smartphone App to Promote an Active Lifestyle in Lower-Educated Working Young Adults: Development, Usability, Acceptability, and Feasibility Study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Simons, Dorien; De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse; Clarys, Peter; De Cocker, Katrien; Vandelanotte, Corneel; Deforche, Benedicte

    2018-02-20

    that regularly consulted the target group, the new app is adapted to their specific needs and preferences. The Active Coach app was overall positively evaluated by the lower-educated working young adults at the end of the development process. ©Dorien Simons, Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, Peter Clarys, Katrien De Cocker, Corneel Vandelanotte, Benedicte Deforche. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 20.02.2018.

  18. [Enteral nutrition in burn patients].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pereira, J L; Garrido, M; Gómez-Cía, T; Serrera, J L; Franco, A; Pumar, A; Relimpio, F; Astorga, R; García-Luna, P P

    1992-01-01

    Nutritional support plays an important role in the treatment of patients with burns. Due to the severe hypercatabolism that develops in these patients, oral support is insufficient in most cases, and this makes it essential to initiate artificial nutritional support (either enteral or parenteral). Enteral nutrition is more physiological than parenteral, and data exist which show that in patients with burns, enteral nutrition exercises a protective effect on the intestine and may even reduce the hypermetabolic response in these patients. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerance of enteral nutritional support with a hypercaloric, hyperproteic diet with a high content of branched amino acids in the nutritional support of patients suffering from burns. The study included 12 patients (8 males and 4 females), admitted to the Burns Unit. Average age was 35 +/- 17 years (range: 21-85 years). The percentage of body surface affected by the burns was 10% in two cases, between 10-30% in three cases, between 30-50% in five cases and over 50% in two cases. Initiation of the enteral nutrition was between twenty-four hours and seven days after the burn. The patients were kept in the unit until they were discharged, and the average time spent in the unit was 31.5 days (range: 17-63 days). Total energetic requirements were calculated based on Harris-Benedict, with a variable aggression factor depending on the body surface burned, which varied from 2,000 and 4,000 cal day. Nitrogenous balance was determined on a daily basis, and plasmatic levels of total proteins, albumin and prealbumin on a weekly basis. There was a significant difference between the prealbumin values at the initiation and finalization of the enteral nutrition (9.6 +/- 2.24 mg/dl compared with 19.75 +/- 5.48 mg/dl; p diet was very good, and only mild complications such as diarrhoea developed in two patients. Enteral nutrition is a suitable nutritional support method for patients with

  19. Book Reviews

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christien Klaufus, Book Review Editor

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available American Crossings: Border Politics in the Western Hemisphere, edited by Maiah Jaskoski, Arturo C. Sotomayor & Harold A. Trinkunas, 2015; reviewed by Olivier Thomas Kramsch The Remittance Landscape: Spaces of Migration in Rural Mexico and Urban USA, by Sarah Lynn Lopez, 2015; reviewed by Christien Klaufus Latin America’s Emerging Middle Classes; Economic Perspectives, editado por Jeff Dayton-Johnson, 2015; reseñado por Ludolfo Paramio Cities, Business and the Politics of Urban Violence in Latin America, by Eduardo Moncada,2016; reviewed by Gerard Martin Who Counts? The Mathematics of Death and Life after Genocide, by Diane Nelson, 2015; reviewed by Finn Stepputat Owners of the Sidewalk: Security and Survival in the Informal City, by Daniel Goldstein, 2015; reviewed by Griet Steel Beyond Tradition, Beyond Invention: Cosmic Technologies and Creativity in Contemporary Afro-Cuban Religions, edited by Diana Espírito Santo and Anastasios Panagiotopoulos, 2015; reviewed by Ken Chitwood Cuba and the U.S. Empire. A Chronological History, by Jane Franklin, 2016; reviewed by Edgar Göll Haydée Santamaría, Cuban Revolutionary: She Led by Transgression, by Margaret Randall, 2015; Vilma Espín Guillois: el fuego de la libertad, by Yolanda Ferrer Gómez and Carolina Aguilar Ayerra, 2015; reviewed by Dirk Kruijt Revolutionary Ideology and Political Destiny in Mexico, 1928-1934: Lázaro Cárdenas and Adalberto Tejeda, by Eitan Ginzberg, 2015; reviewed by Heather Fowler-Salamini Political Landscapes: Forest, Conservation and Community in Mexico, by Christopher R. Boyer, 2015; reviewed by Mariel Aguilar-Støen A Sentimental Education for the Working Man. The Mexico City Penny Press, 1900-1910, por Robert M. Buffington, 2015; reseñado por Lucas Poy Pesos and Politics: Business, Elites, Foreigners and Government in Mexico, 1854-1940, by Mark Wasserman, 2015; reviewed by Benedicte Bull State Theory and Andean Politics: New Approaches to the Study

  20. La jurisdicción eclesiástica de la Real Capilla de Madrid (1753-1931

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    Comella, Beatriz

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available From its medieval origins up to the Concordat of 1753, the Chapel in the Royal Palace, the Royal Chapel, was holding a particular jurisdiction and people belonged to it for the fact of being a courtier or work at the king’s service. Since the XVI century the Royal Chapel has been headed by the Pro-Chaplain of the Palace who was bearing the honorific title of Patriarch of the West Indies. By the middle of XVIII century, in order to avoid legal disputes with other ecclesiastical jursidictions, the Popes Benedict XIV and Pius VI, decided to set territorial limits to the Royal Chapel and, in fact, it became a vere nullius Prelature, —even if it was never erected as such—, constituted by the Ministerial Parish of the Royal Palace, The Parish of El Pardo, and The Parish of Aranjuez. At the beginning of the XIX century there was an attempt to convert the Royal Parish into cathedral, but it failed. Nevertheless, the Concordat of 1851 maintained the privileged jurisdiction to the Royal Chapel, and so it lasted up to the first of April 1933.Desde sus orígenes medievales hasta el Concordato de 1753, la Real Capilla de Palacio de Madrid ha sido una peculiar jurisdicción, a la que se pertenecía por el hecho de ser cortesano o trabajar para el rey. Al frente de la Real Capilla estuvo, desde el siglo XVI, el Pro-capellán de Palacio que tenía el título honorífico de Patriarca de las Indias Occidentales. Desde mitad del siglo XVIII, para evitar pleitos con otras jurisdicciones eclesiásticas, los Papas Benedicto XIV y Pío VI señalaron unos límites territoriales a la Real Capilla que pasó a ser, de hecho, una prelatura vere nullius, integrada por la Parroquia Ministerial de Palacio, la Parroquia de El Pardo y la Parroquia de Aranjuez, aunque, no llegó a ser erigida como tal prelatura. A principios del siglo XIX hubo un intento fallido de convertir la Parroquia palatina en catedral, no obstante, el Concordato de 1851 mantuvo la privilegiada

  1. In search of the perfect wilderness. Anchoritism in Cistercian art and spirituality

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    Dariusz Tabor

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The anchoretic trend in Cistercian spirituality has always been the subject of many studies. Cistercian anchoritism has been analysed by researchers such as George Duby, Terryl Kinder, Janet Burton and Julie Krery, Mette Bruun and Emilia Jamroziak. Exordium parvum and Vita Sancti Bernardi are basic sources containing key information on the origins of the Cistercian order. They describe the departure of Robert of Molesme and his group as a journey to the wilderness (ad eremum in order to find better conditions for practising the rule of St. Benedict and following forefathers – Egyptian monks. Clairvaux II, Pontigny and Fontenay – first Burgundian churches of the Cistercians took form of a three-nave basilica with a transept (1130–1160. The temples were supposed to provide the best setting for contemplation. The so-called “Bernardine plan” was applied in the second generation of Cistercian churches, e.g. Fossanova, San Galgano, Casamari, Arabona, Haina (1148–1180. However, the plan was not the only architectural solution concerning Cistercian churches. There were also transept churches containing a presbytery culminated with a straight wall, surrounded with an ambulatory: Morimond, Ebrach, Ridaghshausen, Lubiąż; churches with an apsidal enclosure: Altzella, Sittich/Stiĉna,Valbuena, Huerta, Floran, Faleri or churches with multi-sided cathedral presbytery with an ambulatory and a circle of chapels: Ourscamp, Veruela, Poblet in the period from 1140 to 1180, Alcobaça, Vaucelle, Longpont, Royaumont, Varhem or Altenberg in the period from 1180 to 1240. Terryl Kinder and Megan Cassidy noticed the key factor shaping the significance of the Cistercian church space – the light. An important aspect of anchoritism is lectio divina, in which a monk finds himself in a kind of spiritual desert, facing the Word on his own. A consequence of such attitude in spiritual warfare as expressed in a number of miniatures depicting human struggle with a

  2. Hybrid Guidance Control for a Hypervelocity Small Size Asteroid Interceptor Vehicle

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zebenay, Melak M.; Lyzhoft, Joshua R.; Barbee, Brent W.

    2017-01-01

    Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) are comets and/or asteroids that have orbits in proximity with Earth's own orbit. NEOs have collided with the Earth in the past, which can be seen at such places as Chicxulub crater, Barringer crater, and Manson crater, and will continue in the future with potentially significant and devastating results. Fortunately such NEO collisions with Earth are infrequent, but can happen at any time. Therefore it is necessary to develop and validate techniques as well as technologies necessary to prevent them. One approach to mitigate future NEO impacts is the concept of high-speed interceptor. This concept is to alter the NEO's trajectory via momentum exchange by using kinetic impactors as well as nuclear penetration devices. The interceptor has to hit a target NEO at relative velocity which imparts a sufficient change in NEO velocity. NASA's Deep Impact mission has demonstrated this scenario by intercepting Comet Temple 1, 5 km in diameter, with an impact relative speed of approximately 10 km/s. This paper focuses on the development of hybrid guidance navigation and control (GNC) algorithms for precision hypervelocity intercept of small sized NEOs. The spacecraft's hypervelocity and the NEO's small size are critical challenges for a successful mission as the NEO will not fill the field of view until a few seconds before intercept. The investigation needs to consider the error sources modeled in the navigation simulation such as spacecraft initial state uncertainties in position and velocity. Furthermore, the paper presents three selected spacecraft guidance algorithms for asteroid intercept and rendezvous missions. The selected algorithms are classical Proportional Navigation (PN) based guidance that use a first order difference to compute the derivatives, Three Plane Proportional Navigation (TPPN), and the Kinematic Impulse (KI). A manipulated Bennu orbit that has been changed to impact Earth will be used as a demonstrative example to compare the

  3. Global distributions of diurnal and semidiurnal tides: observations from HRDI-UARS of the MLT region and comparisons with GSWM-02 (migrating, nonmigrating components

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. H. Manson

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available HRDI (High Resolution Doppler Interferometer-UARS winds data have been analyzed in 4°-latitude by 10°-longitude cells at 96km to obtain the global distribution of the solar-tidal amplitudes and phases. The solstices June–July (1993, December–January (1993–1994, and one equinox (September–October, 1994 are analyzed. In an earlier paper (Manson et al., 2002b the emphasis was solely upon the longitudinal and latitudinal variations of the amplitudes and phases of the semidiurnal (12h and diurnal (24h tides. The longitudinal structures were shown to be quite distinctive, and in the case of the EW component of the diurnal tide there were typically four maxima/perturbations of amplitudes or phases around a latitude circle. In this case they tended to be associated with the locations of the major oceans. Here, a spatial complex spectral analysis has been applied to the data set, to obtain the zonal wave numbers for the tides as functions of latitude. For the diurnal tide the dominant s=1 migrating component and nonmigrating tides with wave numbers s=–3, –2, 0, 2 are identified; and for the semidiurnal tide, as well as the dominant s=2 migrating component, the spectra indicate the presence of nonmigrating tides with wave numbers s=–2, 0, 4. These wave numbers are also simply related to the global longitudinal structures in the tidal amplitudes and phases. Comparisons are made with the Global Scale Wave Model (GSWM-02, which now incorporates migrating and nonmigrating tides associated with tropospheric latent heat processes, and offers monthly outputs. For the diurnal tide the dominant nonmigrating tidal spectral feature (94km is for wave number s=–3; it is relatively stronger than in the HRDI winds, and produces quite consistent structures in the global tidal fields with four longitudinal maxima. Overall, the modelled 24-h tidal amplitudes are larger than observed during the equinox beyond 40° latitude. For the semidiurnal tide

  4. Effect of Strain Range on the Low Cycle Fatigue in  Alloy 617 at High Temperature

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    Rando Tungga Dewa

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study is to investigate the fully‐reversed low cycle fatigue properties of  Alloy 617 in the air at 950 °C; these tests were conducted at total strain ranges from 0.9% to 1.5%  with a constant strain rate of 10−3/s. The result of the fatigue tests showed a decrease in fatigue  resistance with an increasing total strain range. The reduction of fatigue resistance was due to the  effect of the total strain range and microstructure evolution during high temperature, such as brittle  oxides cracking. At all testing conditions, the cyclic softening mechanism was observed as a function  of the total strain range in the current high temperature condition. An analysis of low cycle fatigue  resistance was performed using the Coffin–Manson relationship and the total strain energy density;  it was found that Alloy 617 followed these relationships well. In addition, this study compared well  with previous work reported in the literature for a similar testing condition. Post‐fracture analysis  on the fracture surfaces of failed specimens revealed a more severe damage cracking at the  periphery of specimens due to the increase in the total strain range. The surface connected grain  boundary cracks induced by oxidation were obvious at low strain range. Thus, the primary crack  propagation occurred in transgranular mode from persistent slip bands.

  5. Nominal group technique to select attributes for discrete choice experiments: an example for drug treatment choice in osteoporosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hiligsmann M

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available Mickael Hiligsmann,1-3 Caroline van Durme,2 Piet Geusens,2 Benedict GC Dellaert,4 Carmen D Dirksen,3 Trudy van der Weijden,5 Jean-Yves Reginster,6 Annelies Boonen21Department of Health Services Research, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI, Maastricht University, The Netherlands, 2Department of Internal Medicine, CAPHRI, Maastricht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, CAPHRI, Maastricht University, The Netherlands, 4Department of Business Economics, Erasmus Rotterdam University, The Netherlands, 5Department of General Practice, CAPHRI, Maastricht University, The Netherlands, 6Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liege, BelgiumBackground: Attribute selection represents an important step in the development of discrete-choice experiments (DCEs, but is often poorly reported. In some situations, the number of attributes identified may exceed what one may find possible to pilot in a DCE. Hence, there is a need to gain insight into methods to select attributes in order to construct the final list of attributes. This study aims to test the feasibility of using the nominal group technique (NGT to select attributes for DCEs.Methods: Patient group discussions (4–8 participants were convened to prioritize a list of 12 potentially important attributes for osteoporosis drug therapy. The NGT consisted of three steps: an individual ranking of the 12 attributes by importance from 1 to 12, a group discussion on each of the attributes, including a group review of the aggregate score of the initial rankings, and a second ranking task of the same attributes.Results: Twenty-six osteoporotic patients participated in five NGT sessions. Most (80% of the patients changed their ranking after the discussion. However, the average initial and final ranking did not differ markedly. In the final ranking, the most important medication attributes were

  6. Geomorphosites and the history of geomorphology

    Science.gov (United States)

    Giusti, Christian

    2013-04-01

    Geomorphosites are geosites of geomorphological significance, with a now well admitted distinction between central or scientific values on the one hand, and additional values such as ecological, economical or aesthetical values on the other hand. Among the scientific values, some are directly linked to the climatic forcings through geomorphological processes in the case of active geomorphosites, for example the meaning of a waterfall in a post-glacial trough valley. In the case of passive geomorphosites, the central values rather lie in structural features, ancient landforms, inherited regoliths such as the clay-with-flints of the Chalklands of Southern England and Northern France. Sometimes, the scientific value is not fully determined by the type of geomorphosite, active or passive, but rather by the fact this geosite has a special importance concerning the history of the Earth sciences, especially in geomorphology. This is well exemplified with the famous case of the Nant d'Arpenaz waterfall S-folds in the lower Arve valley between Geneva and Chamonix, first described by Horace Benedict de Saussure in 1774 and invoked to explain the formation of the Alps by folding. This structural geosite (history of tectonics) is also a geomorphosite. Concerning geomorphology, the current Nant d'Arpenaz waterfall is quite similar to the Pissevache waterfall in the Rhone valley: they are both examples of postglacial geomorphosites due to hanging valleys. When erosion is more advanced narrow gorges appear, for example Diosaz gorge (Haute-Savoie, France) or Dailley, Trient and Triège gorges (Valais, Switzerland). All these geomorphosites (main trough valleys, tributary valleys, waterfalls and postglacial gorges) were studied by pionneers of fluvial and glacial geomorphology such as Jean Bruhnes and Emmanuel de Martonne before World War I. The former has played an important role at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland) and has devoted many studies about the potholes and eddies

  7. Prognostic utility of baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: a review and meta-analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sacdalan DB

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available Danielle Benedict Sacdalan,1 Josephine Anne Lucero,2 Dennis Lee Sacdalan1 1Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila and Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines; 2Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila and Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines Introduction: Systemic inflammation is associated with prognosis in solid tumors. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR is a marker for the general immune response to various stress stimuli. Studies have shown correlation of NLR to outcomes in immune checkpoint blockade, peripheral neutrophil count to intratumor neutrophil population, and NLR to intratumoral levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Studies have shown elevated peripheral blood regulator T cells accompanied by elevated NLR are associated with poor outcomes further highlighting the importance of inflammation in the prognosis of cancer patients.Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of published articles on the utility of baseline NLR in predicting outcomes in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs using Review Manager, version 5.3. Seven studies on the prognostic utility of NLR in ICI treatment were included in this analysis. For outcomes of interest, the hazard ratios (HRs were computed. Subgroup analyses were planned based on type of malignancy and type of immune checkpoint inhibitor.Results/discussion: A high NLR resulted in worse overall survival (OS (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.29–2.87; p=0.001 and progression-free survival (PFS; HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.38–2.01; p<0.00001 across types of malignancies studied (melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and genitourinary cancer. Subgroup analysis across different types of malignancies treated with ICI showed similar results for OS and PFS. The single study on genitourinary cancers also showed worse OS and PFS (OS: HR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.29–2.87; p=0.001 and PFS: HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 0.97–3

  8. Contraceptive prevalence and preference in a cohort of south–east Nigerian women

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Egede JO

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available John Okafor Egede,1 Robinson Chukwudi Onoh,1 Odidika Ugochukwu Joannes Umeora,1 Chukwuemeka Anthony Iyoke,2 Ikechukwu Benedict Okechukwu Dimejesi,1 Lucky Osaheni Lawani1 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria Background: Rates of fertility, population growth, and maternal deaths in Nigeria are among the highest in the world, with an estimated 4% of all births being unwanted and 7% mistimed. These are caused mainly by nonuse, inappropriate choice, and difficulty in accessing contraceptive commodities. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors influencing the choice and sources of contraceptive options among market women in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.Methods: This was a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional, descriptive study involving 330 market women of reproductive age in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. A survey was carried out to identify their knowledge, use, and sources of contraception and the factors that influence their contraceptive practices.Results: Knowledge of contraception was high (275 [83.3%], and 229 (69.4% of the study population approved of contraceptive use. However, only 93 (28.3% of the respondents were currently using any form of contraception. Fifty-four women (16.3% were using modern methods. The commonly used forms of modern contraception were the barrier method (male condoms, 27 [8.2%], the oral contraceptive pill (10 [3.0%], injectables (8 [2.5%], and the intrauterine contraceptive device (7 [2.0%]. The most common source of contraceptive products was patent medicine dealers (58 [51%]. The main barriers to use of contraception were desire for more children (86 [26.1%], religious prohibition (62 [18.8%], spousal disapproval (32 [9.7%], and the perceived side effects of modern contraceptives (25 [7.6%]. There was a

  9. Sanatorio para la infancia, en Munich

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    Haind, Friedrich F.

    1964-10-01

    Full Text Available The main objects to be met in the design this Children's Building were to provide suitable control and protection of the children, adequate working conditions for the nurses, and develop a pleasant family environment. This clinic is an extension of that run by the Sisters of Saint Benedict in Lechnerstrasse, Munich. It consists of two blocks, of 4 and 5 floor levels. It has a semibasement, housing the services, and some spare rooms and other facilities, described in the enclosed plans. The ground floor provides room for 25 beds, for the older boys. On the second floor there are 30 beds for those recently born, whilst the third floor has space for 30 beds for prematurely born babies. The nurses live in the attic, where there are 15 bedrooms, each with two beds, a kitchen and suitable auxiliary facilities. Much thought has been given to the design of details, the general distribution and circulation system has been planned with much care, and the overall functional efficiency of the building as a children's clinic has been kept a paramount factor. All this makes this building an outstanding one among those of this type.Los objetivos principales perseguidos aquí son: conseguir una eficaz vigilancia y protección de los niños; organizar los puestos de trabajo de las enfermeras para que resulten prácticos y agradables, y crear un ambiente familiar La clínica construida —como ampliación de las instalaciones que las Hermanas de San Benito poseen en la calle Lachner, en Munich— comprende dos cuerpos de edificio unidos, de 4 y 5 plantas de altura, respectivamente, y está distribuida del siguiente modo: el semisótano aloja, además de la zona de servicios, una serie de dependencias, que vienen descritas en la respectiva documentación gráfica. La planta baja alberga 25 camas; está destinada a los niños mayores y colegiales; la planta primera, con 30 camas, a los recién nacidos, y la planta segunda, con 30 camas, a la sección de prematuros

  10. Global distributions of diurnal and semidiurnal tides: observations from HRDI-UARS of the MLT region and comparisons with GSWM-02 (migrating, nonmigrating components

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. H. Manson

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available HRDI (High Resolution Doppler Interferometer-UARS winds data have been analyzed in 4°-latitude by 10°-longitude cells at 96km to obtain the global distribution of the solar-tidal amplitudes and phases. The solstices June–July (1993, December–January (1993–1994, and one equinox (September–October, 1994 are analyzed.

    In an earlier paper (Manson et al., 2002b the emphasis was solely upon the longitudinal and latitudinal variations of the amplitudes and phases of the semidiurnal (12h and diurnal (24h tides. The longitudinal structures were shown to be quite distinctive, and in the case of the EW component of the diurnal tide there were typically four maxima/perturbations of amplitudes or phases around a latitude circle. In this case they tended to be associated with the locations of the major oceans. Here, a spatial complex spectral analysis has been applied to the data set, to obtain the zonal wave numbers for the tides as functions of latitude. For the diurnal tide the dominant s=1 migrating component and nonmigrating tides with wave numbers s=–3, –2, 0, 2 are identified; and for the semidiurnal tide, as well as the dominant s=2 migrating component, the spectra indicate the presence of nonmigrating tides with wave numbers s=–2, 0, 4. These wave numbers are also simply related to the global longitudinal structures in the tidal amplitudes and phases.

    Comparisons are made with the Global Scale Wave Model (GSWM-02, which now incorporates migrating and nonmigrating tides associated with tropospheric latent heat processes, and offers monthly outputs. For the diurnal tide the dominant nonmigrating tidal spectral feature (94km is for wave number s=–3; it is relatively stronger than in the HRDI winds, and produces quite consistent structures in the global tidal fields with four longitudinal maxima. Overall, the modelled 24-h tidal amplitudes are larger than observed

  11. Geographically explicit urban land use change scenarios for Mega cities: a case study in Tokyo

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yamagata, Y.; Bagan, H.; Seya, H.; Nakamichi, K.

    2010-12-01

    to derive future distribution of fractional green vegetation cover. The study has created two extreme land-use scenarios: urban concentration (compact city) and dispersion scenarios in order to show possible range of future land use change, and derives the input parameters for the climate models. The authors are planning to open the scenarios and derived parameters to relate researches. Anas, A. and Y. Liu. (2007). A Regional Economy, Land Use, and Transportation Model (REULU-TRAN): Formulation, Algorithm Design, and Testing. Journal of Regional Science, 47, 415-455. Parker, D.C., T. Berger, S.M. Manson, Editors (2001). Agent-Based Models of Land-Use and Land-Cover Change. LUCC Report Series No. 6, (Accessed: 27 AUG. 2009; http://www.globallandproject.org/Documents/LUCC_No_6.pdf) United Nations. (2010). World urbanization prospects: City population.

  12. Avaliação antropométrica e de composição corporal de atletas paraolímpicos brasileiros Anthropometric and body composition evaluation of Brazilian paralympic athletes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sílvio Soares dos Santos

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available Estudos de aspectos relacionados à dimensão, proporção, composição e maturação humanas evidenciaram estreitas relações entre formas e proporções com o movimento humano (Ross e Marfell-Jones apud Petroski, 1999¹. Estudos têm demonstrado haver uma relação de algumas medidas antropométricas humanas com risco de doenças metabólicas (assim como o IMC (índice de massa corporal com o desenvolvimento do diabetes em homens e também em mulheres2-4.Não obstante à sua estreita correlação com várias patologias a avaliação antropométrica dos atletas paraolímpicos brasileiros visou identificar o perfil dos diferentes grupos de atletas, descrever suas condições sob o ponto de vista da formação corporal, visando otimizar o seu rendimento atlético durante os Jogos Paraolímpicos de Sydney. Medidas de distribuição da gordura corporal, soma das dobras cutâneas, IMC e RCQ foram alguns dos parâmetros utilizados para se prescrever dietas e treinamentos específicos. Foram detectadas várias alterações nesses itens em vários grupos de atletas. A partir dos dados coletados poder-se-á criar um banco de dados com os parâmetros antropométricos de cada grupo de atletas para futuras comparações.A number of studies featuring aspects related to the dimension, proportion, composition, and human maturation show very close relationships between forms and proportions and human movements¹. It has also been shown that there is a clear relationship between some anthropometric human measurements and the risk of metabolic diseases². Helmrich et al.³ have shown the relationship between the IMC (index of corporal mass and the development of diabetes in men, and Manson et al.4 showed similar relationships for women. An anthropometric evaluation of Brazilian paralympic athletes was performed to identify the profile of different groups of athletes and define their status under the light of corporal formation. This study aimed at finding out

  13. Toward efficient fiber-based quantum interface (Conference Presentation)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Soshenko, Vladimir; Vorobyov, Vadim V.; Bolshedvorsky, Stepan; Lebedev, Nikolay; Akimov, Alexey V.; Sorokin, Vadim; Smolyaninov, Andrey

    2016-04-01

    NV center in diamond is attracting a lot of attention in quantum information processing community [1]. Been spin system in clean and well-controlled environment of diamond it shows outstanding performance as quantum memory even at room temperature, spin control with single shot optical readout and possibility to build up quantum registers even on single NV center. Moreover, NV centers could be used as high-resolution sensitive elements of detectors of magnetic or electric field, temperature, tension, force or rotation. For all of these applications collection of the light emitted by NV center is crucial point. There were number of approaches suggested to address this issue, proposing use of surface plasmoms [2], manufacturing structures in diamond [3] etc. One of the key feature of any practically important interface is compatibility with the fiber technology. Several groups attacking this problem using various approaches. One of them is placing of nanodiamonds in the holes of photonic crystal fiber [4], another is utilization of AFM to pick and place nanodiamond on the tapered fiber[5]. We have developed a novel technique of placing a nanodiamond with single NV center on the tapered fiber by controlled transfer of a nanodiamond from one "donor" tapered fiber to the "target" clean tapered fiber. We verify our ability to transfer only single color centers by means of measurement of second order correlation function. With this technique, we were able to double collection efficiency of confocal microscope. The majority of the factors limiting the collection of photons via optical fiber are technical and may be removed allowing order of magnitude improved in collection. We also discuss number of extensions of this technique to all fiber excitation and integration with nanostructures. References: [1] Marcus W. Doherty, Neil B. Manson, Paul Delaney, Fedor Jelezko, Jörg Wrachtrup, Lloyd C.L. Hollenberg , " The nitrogen-vacancy colour centre in diamond," Physics Reports

  14. SAFETY OF MIXED ARTIFICIAL NUTRITION IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE MULTISYSTEM CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. P. Shakotko

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT. Early initiation of artificial nutrition is one of the important components of intensive care for those affected with SMCT. The priority is given to enteral nutrition (EN. Parenteral nutrition (PN is indicated in order to cover estimated needs in various substrates when EN cannot be performed or is inadequate. However, it must be taken into account that in addition to positive effects, PN may be followed by a number of complications: hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, impaired pulmonary function, increased thrombogenesis..PURPOSE OF THE STUDY. To assess the safety of PN, used as a component of mixed artificial nutrition in victims with SMCT.MATERIAL AND METHODS. Twenty patients with SMCT, conscious state up to GCS 6-13 and severity of the condition ISS 30-55 upon admission were examined. The age of victims was 40.2±13.1 years, the ratio of men/women was 17/3. All the victims had the diagnosis of brain contusion. In 9 patients, acute subdural hematomas were revealed. They underwent decompressive craniotomy and hematoma removal. The energy consumption was calculated using the Harris-Benedict equation with correction coefficients and indirect calorimetry (IC method. IC was performed 24 hours a day also calculating respiratory coefficient. Nitrogen balance was studied to assess the severity of hypercatabolism. Enteral nutrition was initiated in all victims starting from day 2 after the injury. In connection with the impossibility of complete compensation of protein-energy requirements by EN, on day 8.8±1.3, PN was added. A three-component mixture of Nutriflex Lipid 70/180 (B. Braun, Germany, 625 ml was used. The concentration of triglycerides (TG and glucose in venous blood plasma was assessed daily, as well as the ratio of oxygen tension in the arterial blood to the oxygen fraction in the inhaled mixture (PaO2 /FiO2 .RESULTS. All patients had hypercatabolism prior to initiation of mixed artificial nutrition, and its severity lowered

  15. Un témoin de la réception méridionale des traditions d'enseignement du Nord aux XIVe et XVe siècles : Barcelona, Biblioteca de Catalunya, M. 883

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    Meyer, Christian

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available The collection of music treatises deposited at the Catalonia Library in Barcelona under the shelve-mark M. 883 gathers the main matters of the mediaeval musical education -liturgical chant, « música plana », and polyphony (organum and discantus- with the exception of the mathematical theories of the « música speculativa ». The manuscript under study transmits educational traditions spread over a geographic area located between the Seine and the Rhine : not only does the Parisian milieu is clearly discernible in it, but monastic cultures, those of the Cîteaux Order and of the Preaching Friars in particular, can also be disclosed. The contents of this collection, which may have been realised in the surroundings of the Avignon Papacy (perhaps under the Cistercian Pope Benedict XII, met with a large success in Italy during the 15th century, and show in this respect a peculiar aspect of the cultural lag there in the fields of musical practice and theory from the late 14th to the beginning of the 15th century. By 1474 in Mantua, Franchinus Gafurius drew the essential of his Tractus brevis cantus plani from this collection of treatises.[fr] Le recueil de traités de musique conservé à la Bibliothèque de Catalogne à Barcelone sous la cote M. 883 réunit les principales matières de l'enseignement de la musique -chant liturgique, "música plana" et polyphonie (organum et déchant- à l'exception des théories mathématiques de la "música speculativa". Il représente des traditions d'enseignement répandues dans une aire géographique comprise entre Seine et Rhin : le milieu parisien y occupe une place prépondérante (tradition d'enseignement de Jean de Garlande, Lambertus, mais on y distingue également des cultures monastiques, en particulier celle de l'ordre de Cîteaux et des Frères prêcheurs. Ce recueil, qui pourrait avoir été constitué à la faveur ou dans un milieu proche de la papauté d'Avignon (peut-être sous le pontificat du

  16. Home brewery as science investigation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Flander, Renata

    2017-04-01

    with Benedict solution and starch with iodine solution in malt before and after soaking. - Detecting carbo - dioxide with the use of indicators (bromothymol blue, litmus) or with the limewater test. - Preparing a microscope slide and use the microscope to observe the yeast. - Making a scientific drawing. - Taking pictures about their work to gather the right material for the final report. On the second day they measure the alcohol content and verify their hypotheses. They write a report using the scientific ideas, think how to improve the experiment and how to apply it in every-day life. However, it is important to mention that alcohol can be dangerous. The results are presented at the plenary presentation, students make posters or computer presentations by using their own devices.

  17. INFLUENCE OF SHOCK VOLTAGE FROM THE ELECTRIC DISCHARGE ON THE FATIGUE ENDURANCE OF CARBON STEEL IN WATER

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    I. O. Vakulenko

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Purpose. The research supposes the explanation of influence of stress impulses from an electrical discharge in water on the level of the limited endurance at a cyclic loading of the thermally work-hardened carbon steel. Methodology. Material for research was steel 45 (0,45 % carbon with сoncentration of chemical elements within the limits of steel composition. Specimens for tests are made as plates in 1 thick, width 15 and length 120-180 mm. The structural state of steel corresponded to quenching on a martensite from the normal temperatures of annealing and tempering at 300C, duration of 1 h. Microstructure was investigated with the use of electronic microscopy, the density of dislocations was estimated on the methods of X-ray analysis. Hardness was measured on the method of Rockwell (scale of «C». A cyclic loading was carried out in the conditions of symmetric bend on a tester «Saturn-10» at a temperature +20C. The treatment by shock voltage from the electrical discharge was carried out in water on setting of bath type «Iskra-23», used for cleaning of castings manufactures. Electric impulses were formed at 15-18 kV with energy of 10-12 kJ and amplitude of 1-2 GPа. Findings. As a result of processing pulses of a pressure wave of heat-strengthened steel 45 found the increase of endurance under the cyclic loading corresponds to an increased amount of accumulated dislocations on the fracture surface. The use of Coffin–Manson Equation allowed finding the decrease of deformation per cycle of loading as a result of arising stress from an electrical discharge in water. On the fracture surface (after pulse exposure was found the increased number of dislocations, located in different crystallographic systems, that is a testament to the rather complicated development of dislocation transformations in the structure of steel, which provide an increase of endurance at a fatigue. The increase of the limited endurance became as a result of impulsive

  18. СЕМІОСФЕРА ТРИДЕНТСЬКОЇ МЕСИ / Semiosphere de la messe tridentine

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    Остащук Іван

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Остащук Иван. Семиосфера тридентской Мессы. Анализируется использование богослужения триденсткой латинской Мессы в современной Католической церкви как выражение традиционализма в культурно-религиозной идентичности консервативной части римо-католиков. Исследуется motu proprio «Summorum Pontificum» Бенедикта XVI, в частности аргументы в пользу сохранения старого обряда главного католического богослужения. Сравнивается старую и новую формы литургии латинского обряда, отдельные символические значения ее содержания в контексте общей семиосферы. Ключевые слова: «экстраординарная форма» латинской Мессы, «тридентская» Месса, Католическая церковь, семиосфера, символ, традиционализм. Ostashchuk Ivan. SEMIOSPHERE OF THE TRIDENTINE MASS. The aim of this article is to study the main symbols of the Tridentine Mass in the context of modern cultural and religious identity. Pope Benedict XVI July 7, 2007 issued the Motu proprio “Summorum Pontificum”, in which restores the “Tridentine” Holy Mass in its rights and emphasizes that it has never been canceled. The Tridentine Mass is the Roman Rite Holy Mass which appears in typical editions of the Roman Missal published from 1570 to 1962. The most widely used Mass liturgy in the world until the introduction of the Mass of Paul VI in 1969 after the Second Vatican Council, it is celebrated in Liturgical Latin. It is Benedict XVI introduces the concept of

  19. PREFACE: Atom-surface scattering Atom-surface scattering

    Science.gov (United States)

    Miret-Artés, Salvador

    2010-08-01

    It has been a privilege and a real pleasure to organize this special issue or festschrift in the general field of atom-surface scattering (and its interaction) in honor of J R Manson. This is a good opportunity and an ideal place to express our deep gratitude to one of the leaders in this field for his fundamental and outstanding scientific contributions. J R Manson, or Dick to his friends and colleagues, is one of the founding fathers, together with N Cabrera and V Celli, of the 'Theory of surface scattering and detection of surface phonons'. This is the title of the very well-known first theoretical paper by Dick published in Physical Review Letters in 1969. My first meeting with Dick was around twenty years ago in Saclay. J Lapujoulade organized a small group seminar about selective adsorption resonances in metal vicinal surfaces. We discussed this important issue in surface physics and many other things as if we had always known each other. This familiarity and warm welcome struck me from the very beginning. During the coming years, I found this to be a very attractive aspect of his personality. During my stays in Göttingen, we had the opportunity to talk widely about science and life at lunch or dinner time, walking or cycling. During these nice meetings, he showed, with humility, an impressive cultural background. It is quite clear that his personal opinions about history, religion, politics, music, etc, come from considering and analyzing them as 'open dynamical systems'. In particular, with good food and better wine in a restaurant or at home, a happy cheerful soirée is guaranteed with him, or even with only a good beer or espresso, and an interesting conversation arises naturally. He likes to listen before speaking. Probably not many people know his interest in tractors. He has an incredible collection of very old tractors at home. In one of my visits to Clemson, he showed me the collection, explaining to me in great detail, their technical properties

  20. Bases temporais para o estudo histórico da Igreja católica do século XX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigo Coppe Caldeira

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available Resumo O Concílio Vaticano II causou, com seus textos finais, grande comoção no interior da Igreja católica. Perpassado por lutas internas e conflitos doutrinais e ideológicos, os padres conciliares produziram textos calcados em certo "compromisso de pluralismo contraditório". Tal "compromisso" despertou grandes questões para o magistério e para os católicos, já que uma hermenêutica "correta" dos textos era exigida com o passar do tempo. Dessa forma, no período denominado de "pós-concílio", a luta pelos significados de seus textos continuou e ainda hoje se faz sentir. Ao analisar os pontificados de João Paulo II e de Bento XVI, muitos historiadores e estudiosos tomam como marco de interpretação apenas o Vaticano II, ou seja, o que cada um deles foi e é em relação ao evento conciliar ou, muitas vezes, à imagem que fazem dele, esquecendo-se de que o próprio concílio encontra-se situado historicamente. Assim sendo, não enxergam nada mais que "reacionarismo" e "conservadorismo" de ambos os papas em relação ao concílio e seu pretenso "espírito". Interpretando-os dessa forma, assumem uma perspectiva temporal datada sobre a história da Igreja, correndo o risco de deixarem escapar a complexidade que marca o caminhar da Igreja no século XX. Palavras-chave: Igreja católica; Concílio Vaticano II; Hermenêutica.  Abstract Vatican Council II has caused, with its final texts, a great commotion in the Catholic Church. With their internal fights, as well as doctrinal and ideological conflicts, the Council fathers have produced texts based on certain "contradictory pluralism commitment". Such "commitment" has raised huge questions for the teaching profession and for the Catholics, based on the fact that a "correct" text hermeneutics was required as time went by. Therefore, in the "post-Council" period, a fight for the meaning of the texts remained and is still felt today. Analyzing John Paul II's and Benedict XVI

  1. A hierarchical integrated population model for greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in the Bi-State Distinct Population Segment, California and Nevada

    Science.gov (United States)

    Coates, Peter S.; Halstead, Brian J.; Blomberg, Erik J.; Brussee, Brianne; Howe, Kristy B.; Wiechman, Lief; Tebbenkamp, Joel; Reese, Kerry P.; Gardner, Scott C.; Casazza, Michael L.

    2014-01-01

    Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus, hereafter referred to as “sage-grouse”) are endemic to sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems throughout Western North America. Populations of sage-grouse have declined in distribution and abundance across the range of the species (Schroeder and others, 2004; Knick and Connelly, 2011), largely as a result of human disruption of sagebrush communities (Knick and Connelly, 2011). The Bi-State Distinct Population Segment (DPS) represents sage-grouse populations that are geographically isolated and genetically distinct (Benedict and others, 2003; Oyler-McCance and others, 2005) and that are present at the extreme southwestern distribution of the sage-grouse range (Schroeder and others, 2004), straddling the border of California and Nevada. Subpopulations of sage-grouse in the DPS may be at increased risk of extirpation because of a substantial loss of sagebrush habitat and lack of connectivity (Oyler-McCance and others, 2005). Sage-grouse in the Bi-State DPS represent small, localized breeding populations distributed across 18,325 km2. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service currently (2014) is evaluating the Bi-State DPS as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, independent of other sage-grouse populations. This DPS was designated as a higher priority for listing than sage-grouse in other parts of the species’ range (U.S. Department of the Interior, 2010). Range-wide population analyses for sage-grouse have included portions of the Bi-State DPS (Sage and Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse Technical Committee 2008; Garton and others, 2011). Although these analyses are informative, the underlying data only represent a portion of the DPS and are comprised of lek count observations only. A thorough examination of population dynamics and persistence that includes multiple subpopulations and represents the majority of the DPS is largely lacking. Furthermore, fundamental information on population growth

  2. Medieval Architectures for Religious Tourism and Hospitality along the Pilgrimage Routes of Northern Italy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvia Beltramo

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Sacred spaces are, and have always been, places of reception: hospitality is in fact a precept of God. Many biblical passages remind us of this, such as the one (Gen 18, 4-5 in which Abraham welcomes three guests, washes their feet and offers them a piece of bread and a place to rest under a tree. Saint Benedict too, in chapter 53 of the Rule, insisted on the need to honour pilgrims and travellers, who should be welcomed with a charitable service ready for devotion and stated that all guests who entered the monastery should be received as if they were Christ, washing their hands and feet. The reception of travellers, the sick, and pilgrims in religious centres in the Middle Ages has been one of the cornerstones of the life of many monastic and convent communities scattered throughout the territory. The growing number of domus hospitals and xenodochii, recorded from the early centuries of the Middle Ages until the 15th century, demonstrates the need for them and their widespread dissemination in Italy and Europe. It seems to be possible to identify some phases of this development linked to the different monastic and convent orders that dedicated themselves to relieving the suffering of travellers and the sick. An initial significant presence along the road axes was followed by a subsequent phase of settlement in the major urban centres. Each community had its rules which also influenced the choice of where the sites were positioned, the buildings in which to receive pilgrims and the architectural typologies, often clearly designed to identify the place immediately. The research findings presented here derive from research aimed at identifying religious hospitality architectures through a study of the documentary sources and an analysis of the buildings still preserved in the territory of Northern Italy. In particular, the analysis of the main cases linked to monastic hospitality, such as the Sacra di San Michele – the centre of worship of

  3. [Audit of artificial nutrition in an intensive care unit].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Blesa Malpica, A L; Salaverría Garzón, I; Prado López, L M; Simón García, M J; Reta Pérez, O; Ramos Polo, J

    2001-01-01

    To study compliance with an artificial nutrition protocol at an Intensive Care Unit. During a second stage and after introducing the modifications considered appropriate in the protocol, to verify its implementation and compare both series. REFERENCE POPULATION: All patients with artificial nutrition support were included. Artificial nutrition (AN) was deemed to be the dispensation of commercial preparations for enteral nutrition, formulas with amino acids and glucose and the parenteral provision of fat, including propofol in this case, even where it was the only source of energy. The provision of crystalloid solutions was not considered to be AN. The period of observation was two months in both cases. The provision of AN to all such patients was systematically recorded on a daily basis. After analysis of the first series, the members at the unit agreed to increase the nitrogen provision. A second series was recorded, with the data being collected for patients with AN during a similar period. The study of the first series revealed the provisions of energy and nitrogen were below theoretical levels (both in the corrected Harris-Benedict test and at the fixed prescription of 25 kcal/kg). In the second series, there was greater agreement between the theoretical values and the amounts actually received. The deviation in energy and nitrogen was significantly less in the second series. And although the total nitrogen load per patient did not reveal any differences, there were discrepancies in the daily provision per patient. On most days, the diet provided covered over 75% of the energy requirements. With parenteral nutrition on its own or in combination with enteral nutrition, the requirements of energy and nitrogen were exceeded. There were no differences between the two series. The type of provision was enteral on 55% of the days and parenteral on 18%. There was no difference in the type of provision between the two series, although there was a difference in the type

  4. Body Composition Assessment and Nutritional Status Evaluation in Men and Women Portuguese Centenarians.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pereira da Silva, A; Matos, A; Valente, A; Gil, Â; Alonso, I; Ribeiro, R; Bicho, M; Gorjão-Clara, J

    2016-03-01

    in women (W = 71.85% vs. M = 28.15%), 95% of men revealed criteria for osteoporosis. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was significantly different between genders using bioimpedance analysis (W= 1123.33± 173.91; M= 1350.10± 188.88; prelation to nutritional status, centenarians were more frequently underweight than overweight. The thinness could be a natural process, contributing for the longevity being rather overweight a reducing factor in life expectancy. BMI and waist circumference showed a good correlation with body fat percentage. Despite the results of Bland- Altman analysis, Deurenberg and Gallagher equations are not suitable to evaluate obesity prevalence in centenarians. Harris Benedict equation seems to be a good option to measure RMR in centenaries, when BIA is not available. Body composition and nutritional characterization of Portuguese centenarians are relevant contribution in scientific evidence production for the action plan of healthy ageing in Europe (2012-2020) and also for clinical practice.

  5. Predicted versus measured resting energy expenditure in patients requiring home parenteral nutrition.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ławiński, Michał; Singer, Pierre; Gradowski, Łukasz; Gradowska, Aleksandra; Bzikowska, Agnieszka; Majewska, Krystyna

    2015-01-01

    Guidelines from the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) recommend between 20 and 35 kcal/kg daily for patients requiring home parenteral nutrition (PN). Other guidelines use predictive equations. However, these equations have not been validated. Indirect calorimetry is recommended as the gold standard for determining resting energy expenditure (REE). The aim of this study was to compare the frequently used equations with measured REE. Seventy-six hospitalized patients suffering from intestinal failure (ages 21-85 y) were enrolled between January 2012 and May 2014. They were eligible for implementation of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) due to short bowel syndrome (54%), intestinal fistulae (24%), cancer obstruction (16%), and radiation-induced intestinal injury (6%). REE measurements were compared with predictive equations by Harris and Benedict (HB), Owen, Ireton-Jones, and Mifflin, as well as recommendations from ESPEN. In all, 152 calorimetry measurements (two per patient) were performed in 76 patients, after total PN administrations. An average result of REE measurement by indirect calorimetry was 1181 ± 322 kcal/d. Variability in momentary energy expenditure (MEE) from one measurement to the other was 8% ± 7%. Bland-Altman analysis showed a mean bias of -192 ± 300 kcal/d between MEE and estimated energy expenditure using the HB equation, which means that the equation increased the score on average by 192 ± 300 kcal/d. Limits of agreement (LoA) between the two methods was -780 to +396 kcal/d. Estimation energy expenditure using the Ireton-Jones equation gave a mean bias of -359 ± 335 kcal/d. LoA between the two methods was -1015 to +297 kcal/d. For Owen equation, Bland-Altman analysis showed a mean bias of -208 ± 313 kcal/d and the LoA between the two methods was -822 to +406 kcal/d. Using the Mifflin equation, estimation energy expenditure gave a mean bias of -172 ± 312 kcal/d and the LoA between the

  6. Use of Fitness and Nutrition Apps: Associations With Body Mass Index, Snacking, and Drinking Habits in Adolescents.

    Science.gov (United States)

    De Cock, Nathalie; Vangeel, Jolien; Lachat, Carl; Beullens, Kathleen; Vervoort, Leentje; Goossens, Lien; Maes, Lea; Deforche, Benedicte; De Henauw, Stefaan; Braet, Caroline; Eggermont, Steven; Kolsteren, Patrick; Van Camp, John; Van Lippevelde, Wendy

    2017-04-25

    the zBMI (b=-0.03 [0.02], P=.04) and the healthy snack ratio (b=-0.84 [0.37], P=.03). Attitude to eat healthy for appearance mediated both the fitness app use frequency-zBMI (a × b=0.02 [0.01], P=.02) and the nutrition app use frequency-zBMI (a × b=0.04 [0.01], P=.001) associations. No mediation was observed for the associations between the frequency of use of fitness or nutrition apps and the healthy snack or beverage ratio. Commercial fitness and nutrition apps show some association with healthier eating behaviors and BMI in adolescents. However, effective behavior change techniques should be included to affect key determinants of healthy eating. ©Nathalie De Cock, Jolien Vangeel, Carl Lachat, Kathleen Beullens, Leentje Vervoort, Lien Goossens, Lea Maes, Benedicte Deforche, Stefaan De Henauw, Caroline Braet, Steven Eggermont, Patrick Kolsteren, John Van Camp, Wendy Van Lippevelde. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 25.04.2017.

  7. La aljama judía de Jaca en la época de la Disputa de Tortosa (1410-1420

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Motis Dolader, Miguel Ángel

    1996-06-01

    Full Text Available The author in this article analyse both the external and internal structure of the Jewish Community in Jaca in the context of the Dispute of Tortosa, taking as a reference point the 1410-1420 decade; and using as a basis the notarial and the Royal Chancellery documentation. In the first part, the restrictive social-economical and segregated measures adopted by Pope Benedict XII are studied. With a population of nearly 425 inhabitants, the Jewish quarter possessed a consolidated political configuration, where the judicial and governing institutions acquired relevance, the latter governed by three "adelantados". The society was structured in three hands (major, medium, minor, taking into account tributary criteria, thus confirming the presence of city corporations (almosna, Cabbarim. From the beginning of the 15th Century, the Jewish quarter experimented an increase in the debt acquiring resources through censual subscriptions. The Jewish quarter situated in origen between Door of Saint Ginés and Saint Nicholas Street, suffered a verocious fire in 1375 and, as a consequence, a partial reconstruction of the houses had to be carried out. There exists, in the economical area, an important Jewish presence in the exploitation and commercialization of wool, and also a clear predominance in the leather and shoes craft industries. As an appendix the responsa of Rabi Salomon ben Adret and Isaac ben Sheshet referred to our kahal are added.[fr] Dans cet article les auteurs analysent la struture externe et interne de la Communauté juive de Jaca dans le contexte de la Dispute de Tortosa, enprenant comme référence la décennie 1410-1420 et en se basant sur ladocumentation notariale et les fonds de la Chancellerie Royale. La premièrepartie étudie les mesures restrictives de type sociales et économiques ainsi que discriminatoires prises par le Pape Benoît XIII. Avec unepopulation d'environ 425 habitants la communauté juive a une configurationpolitique

  8. FROM THE EDITOR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bulent Tarman

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Hello, We have realized May 2015 issue of Journal of Social Studies Education Research. The journal is becoming more prestigious with every new issue. This issue is also an indication of it. Both the quality and the quantity of the manuscript being submitted are increasing. Moreover, the journal is being indexed (EI and/or under indexing process (ERIC with even more indexing institutions. I believe, the articles published in the journal are useful addition to the pedagogical knowledge in general and to the reader him/herself. The other academic activity of ASSE is its annual symposium. This year’s symposium (USBES 2015 was held in Abant İzzet Baysal University at 23-25 April 2015. The symposium was also very successful as its predecessors. I am grateful the organizers of the symposium namely Education Faculty Dean, Head of Social Studies Education Department, their colleagues and students. The symposium was held with both national and international attendance. There were 219 oral presentation, 2 workshops, 2 keynote speakers, exhibition and social event. The main theme was ‘Peace Education’. This important theme was discussed in detail in the hope that the results were meaningful not only academically but also it will contribute to the initiatives to maintain peace in Turkey, and to establish peace in the countries around Turkey. We hope the symposium contributed to this greater aim by informing the community in general. In this issue there are seven articles being accepted for publication after blind review process. Two of the articles are from the United States of America. The first one is by Julie A. Taylor & okezie Iroha “Social Studies Education and Public Art: The Detroit Billboard Project”. The second one is by Joshua L Kenna & William Benedict Russell III “Secondary Social Studies Teachers’ Time Commitment When Addressing the Common Core State Standards”. The other articles are the work of Turkish scholars in consecutive

  9. 2012 geothermal energy congress. Proceedings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2012-01-01

    ); (15) GEOGRUND*: Transfer of the TCS process into the borehole (David Sauer); (16) 'Heat-in-place-density' - An example for the evaluation of the geothermal potential in Saarland (Hagen Deckert); (17) Experiences of the acidity stimulation of geothermal aquifers and plants (Markus Wolfgramm); (18) Geothermal Atlas for the depiction of possible utilization competitions between CCS and deep geothermy - Methodology and results (E. Suchi); (19) Development of a cooling system for geothermal bore hole probes (Benedict Holbein); (20) Geothermal energy in the context of international radiation protection recommendations (Sebastian Feige); (21) Innovative treatment of groundwater as a condition of an efficient air conditioning in buildings by utilization of near-surface geothermal energy (C. Meyer); (22) Preparation of planning maps for the utilization of near-surface geothermal energy with geo-physical methods (Reinhard Kirsch); (23) Deep geothermal probe Heubach - Progress of the project and facility planning by using an application example (David Kuntz); (24) Realistic numeric models for the simulation of potential geothermal reservoirs in the north-west German basin (Dorothea Reyer); (25) Monobore tracer test sensitivity compared with crack parameters and rock parameter: Lection Horstberg (Iulia Ghergut); (26) Infrastructure of fault zones in red sandstone of the Upper Rhine basin - Digestion analogue studies (Johanna F. Bauer); (27) Characterization of fault zones in shell limestone of the Upper Rhine basin - Digestion analogue studies (Silke Meier).

  10. Book Reviews

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Redactie KITLV

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Benedict Anderson; Under three flags; Anarchism and the anticolonial imagination (Greg Bankoff Leakthina Chau-Pech Ollier, Tim Winter (eds; Expressions of Cambodia; The politics of tradition, identity and change (David Chandler Ying Shing Anthony Chung; A descriptive grammar of Merei (Vanuatu (Alexandre François Yasuyuki Matsumoto; Financial fragility and instability in Indonesia (David C. Cole Mason C. Hoadley; Public administration; Indonesian norms versus Western forms (Jan Kees van Donge Samuel S. Dhoraisingam; Peranakan Indians of Singapore and Melaka (Joseph M. Fernando Vatthana Pholsena; Post-war Laos; The politics of culture, history and identity (Volker Grabowksy Gert Oostindie; De parels en de kroon; Het koningshuis en de koloniën (Hans Hägerdal Jean-Luc Maurer; Les Javanais du Caillou; Des affres de l’exil aux aléas de l’intégration; Sociologie historique de la communauté indonésienne de Nouvelle-Calédonie (Menno Hecker Richard Stubbs; Rethinking Asia’s economic miracle; The political economy of war, prosperity and crisis (David Henley Herman Th. Verstappen; Zwerftocht door een wereld in beweging (Sjoerd R. Jaarsma Klokke, A.H. (ed. and transl.; Fishing, hunting and headhunting in the former culture of the Ngaju Dayak in Central Kalimantan; Notes from the manuscripts of the Ngaju Dayak authors Numan Kunum and Ison Birim; from the Legacy of Dr. H. Schaerer; With a recent additional chapter on hunting by Katuah Mia (Monica Janowski Ian Proudfoot; Old Muslim calendars of Southeast Asia (Nico J.G. Kaptein Garry Rodan; Transparency and authoritarian rule in Southeast Asia (Soe Tjen Marching Greg Fealy, Virginia Hooker (eds; Voices of Islam in Southeast Asia; A contemporary sourcebook (Dick van der Meij Eko Endarmoko; Tesaurus Bahasa Indonesia (Don van Minde Charles J.-H. Macdonald; Uncultural behavior; An anthropological investigation of suicide in the southern Philippines

  11. PREFACE: Dynamics of low-dimensional systems Dynamics of low-dimensional systems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bernasconi, M.; Miret-Artés, S.; Toennies, J. P.

    2012-03-01

    vibrational spectra of clusters and carbon-based nanostructures, just to name a few of the low-dimensional systems addressed in this special issue, can be both accurately computed from first principles and measured experimentally. Even less computationally demanding semi-empirical simulations based on tight-binding or continuum models play a crucial role in assessing, for instance, the interplay between morphology, defects and the elastic properties of low-dimensional systems. The impressive amount of work and progress achieved in the past decade within the general theory and spectroscopy of the dynamics of low-dimensional systems is marked by several relevant trends that are exemplified by the contributions gathered together in this special issue. They span a wide spectrum of experimental and theoretical methods applied to the study of the dynamical properties of low-dimensional systems and new emerging phenomena at the nanoscale, such as the peculiar optical properties of ring shaped quantum dots, plasmon dynamics in metallic nanoclusters and the relaxation dynamics of nanomagnets. This issue is dedicated to our esteemed colleague Giorgio Benedek on the occasion of his 70th birthday. It collects together a number of papers written by authors from all over the world with a recognized reputation in the above mentioned fields where Giorgio Benedek has made important and fundamental contributions. Dynamics of low-dimensional systems contents Narratives Giorgio Benedek: an extraordinary universal scientist M Bernasconi, S Miret-Artés and J P Toennies Helium and carbon: two friends for life Giorgio Benedek Special Issue Papers Temperature dependence in atom-surface scattering Eli Pollak and J R Manson Density functional study of the decomposition pathways of SiH3 and GeH3 at the Si(100) and Ge(100) surfaces M Ceriotti, F Montalenti and M Bernasconi Comparative study of vibrations in submonolayer structures of potassium on Pt(111) G G Rusina, S V Eremeev, S D Borisova and E V

  12. From the Faculty of Theology of the Kraków Academy ... to the John Paul II Pontifical University in Kraków 1397–2009

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    Stanisław Ludwik Piech

    2013-04-01

    was dramatically interrupted by the outbreak of World War II in September 1939 and the following gehenna of the Nazi occupation. After the war, the struggle with the Church, atheistic policy and laicisation planned by the communist government prevented a normal development of the Faculty outright. The faculty’s existence was in jeopardy. The threat of liquidation appeared unavoidable and then it became fact. The Council of Ministers of the Polish People’s Republic by its unilateral decision of 1954, without any agreement with the Church, connected the Faculty of Theology of the Jagiellonian University to the Faculty of Catholic Theology of Warsaw University to form the Academy of Catholic Theology in Warsaw, which had just been created by the government. The Faculty of Theology in Kraków survived as an independent faculty due to the uncompromising attitude of the Apostolic See and the Kraków bishops. In 1974 the Faculty, functioning within the Metropolitan Seminary, was bestowed the title ‘pontifical.’ A turning point in the history of the Faculty was its re-structuring as an academy with three faculties. In 1981, Pope John Paul II established the Pontifical Academy of Theology. In 2009, Pope Benedict XVI elevated it to the John Paul II Pontifical University.

  13. A Paradigm shift to an Old Scheme for Outgoing Longwave Radiation

    Science.gov (United States)

    McDonald, Alastair B.

    2016-04-01

    nérales Sur Les Températures Du Globe Terrestre Et Des Espaces Planétaires.' Annales de Chimie et de Physique 27: 136-67, translated by Raymond T. Pierrehumbert http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v432/n7018/extref/432677a-s1.pdf Philipona, Rolf, Bruno Dürr, Atsumu Ohmura, and Christian Ruckstuhl. 2005. 'Anthropogenic Greenhouse Forcing and Strong Water Vapor Feedback Increase Temperature in Europe'. Geophysical Research Letters 32 (19): L19809. doi:10.1029/2005GL023624. Saussure, Horace-Benedict de. 1786. 'Chapter XXXV. Des Causes du Froid qui Regne sur les Montagnes'. In Voyages dans les Alpes, II:347-71. Neuchatel: Fauche-Borel. http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1029499.r=.langFR, translated by Alastair B. McDonald, http://www.abmcdonald.freeserve.co.uk/saussure/CHAPTER%2035.pdf. Thorne, Peter W., Philip Brohan, Holly A. Titchner, et al. 2011. 'A Quantification of Uncertainties in Historical Tropical Tropospheric Temperature Trends from Radiosondes'. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 116 (D12): n/a - n/a. doi:10.1029/2010JD015487. Wild, Martin, Doris Folini, Christoph Schär, et al. 2013. 'The Global Energy Balance from a Surface Perspective'. Climate Dynamics 40 (11-12): 3107-34. doi:10.1007/s00382-012-1569-8. White, James W.C., Alley, Richard B., Archer, David E., et al. 2013. Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change: Anticipating Surprises. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. http://www.nap.edu/catalog/18373.

  14. Validation of resting metabolic rate prediction equations for teenagers

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    Paulo Henrique Santos da Fonseca

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available The resting metabolic rate (RMR can be defi ned as the minimum rate of energy spent and represents the main component of the energetic outlay. The purpose of this study is to validate equations to predict the resting metabolic rate in teenagers (103 individuals, being 51 girls and 52 boys, with age between 10 and 17 years from Florianópolis – SC – Brazil. It was measured: the body weight, body height, skinfolds and obtained the lean and body fat mass through bioimpedance. The nonproteic RMR was measured by Weir’s equation (1949, utilizing AeroSport TEEM-100 gas analyzer. The studied equations were: Harry and Benedict (1919, Schofi eld (1985, WHO/FAO/UNU (1985, Henry and Rees (1991, Molnár et al. (1998, Tverskaya et al. (1998 and Müller et al. (2004. In order to study the cross-validation of the RMR prediction equations and its standard measure (Weir 1949, the following statistics procedure were calculated: Pearson’s correlation (r ≥ 0.70, the “t” test with the signifi cance level of p0.05 in relation to the standard measure, with exception of the equations suggested for Tverskaya et al. (1998, and the two models of Müller et al (2004. Even though there was not a signifi cant difference, only the models considered for Henry and Rees (1991, and Molnár et al. (1995 had gotten constant error variation under 5%. All the equations analyzed in the study in girls had not reached criterion of correlation values of 0.70 with the indirect calorimetry. Analyzing the prediction equations of RMR in boys, all of them had moderate correlation coeffi cients with the indirect calorimetry, however below 0.70. Only the equation developed for Tverskaya et al. (1998 presented differences (p ABSTRACT0,05 em relação à medida padrão (Weir 1949, com exceção das equações sugeridas por Tverskaya et al. (1998 e os dois modelos de Müller et al (2004. Mesmo não havendo diferença signifi cativa, somente os modelos propostos por Henry e Rees (1991

  15. Reform of the Vatican media, a difficult search for a new path

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    Leszek Gęsiak

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Rapid technological changes, which are mainly the result of the progress in computer technology, in the last decades of the twentieth century, have touched every area of life and have enforced numerous innovations. Modern ways of communication and exchange of information, especially the development of social media, have led to a significant and complex transformation of the traditional media. Practically all media companies around the world, in order to maintain their position on the market, have had to make decisive modifications of their ways of working. On one hand they remained available to the users of traditional media, but on the other hand, they look for effective ways of reaching all those who are using only new ways. Similarly, the Vatican media could not remain indifferent to the issues mentioned above. For several years the Vatican has initiated a process of preparation for a general reform of its media institutions. However, these works have accelerated at a great rate during the pontificate of Pope Francis. The reform of the Vatican media is not an easy task. It concerns several independent institutions. Each one of them has their own history and way of announcing the Gospel. The widespread computerization, especially the development of the internet and social media, has also forced the Vatican to reflect on new ways of communicating. Among many questions, the most important were about the effectiveness of evangelization through the media, the ways of spreading the Pope’s message around the world to as many faithful as possible, and about the costs of necessary investments that would allow further, dynamic development and effective functioning of the Vatican media. After the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI, the problems of the reform of the Roman Curia and the necessary savings were raised again during the discussions of the cardinals on the congregations preceding conclave. It became clear that the structural changes in the

  16. Book Reviews

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Redactie KITLV

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available -Barbara Watson Andaya, Susan Blackburn, Love, sex and power; Women in Southeast Asia. Clayton VIC: Monash Asia Institute, 2001, iv + 144 pp. [Monash papers on Southeast Asia 55.] -Kathryn Gay Anderson, Juliette Koning ,Women and households in Indonesia; Cultural notions and social practices. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 2000, xiii + 354 pp. [Nordic Institute of Asian studies, studies in Asian topics 27.], Marleen Nolten, Janet Rodenburg (eds -Greg Bankoff, Takeshi Kawanaka, Power in a Philippine city. Chiba: Institute of developing economies, 2002, 118 pp. [IDE Occasional papers series 38.] -René van den Berg, John Lynch ,The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 2002, xvii + 924 pp., Malcolm Ross, Terry Crowley (eds -H.J.M. Claessen, Douglas Oliver, Polynesia in early historic times. Honolulu: Bess Press, 2002, 305 pp. -Harold Crouch, Andrew Rosser, The politics of economic liberalisation in Indonesia; State, market and power. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 2002, xv + 232 pp. -Hans Hägerdal, Arend de Roever, De jacht op sandelhout; De VOC en de tweedeling van Timor in de zeventiende eeuw. Zutphen: Walburg Pers, 2002, 383 pp. -Fiona Harris, Lorraine V. Aragon ,Structuralism's transformations; Order and revision in Indonesian and Malaysian societies; Paper written in honor of Clark E. Cunningham. Tempe AZ: Arizona State University Press, 1999, lxii + 402 pp., Susan D. Russell (eds -David Henley, Christiaan Heersink, Dependence on green gold: A socio-economic history of the Indonesian coconut island Selayar. Leiden: KITlV Press, 1999, xviii + 371 pp. [Verhandelingen 184.] -David Hicks, James T. Siegel ,Southeast Asia over three generations; Essays presented to Benedict R.O'G. Anderson 2003, 398 pp. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Southeast Asia program. [Studies on Southeast Asia 36.], Audrey R. Kahin (eds -Janny de Jong, L. de Jong, The collapse of a colonial society; The Dutch in Indonesia during the second world war. With an introduction by

  17. A “geograficidade” das formas simbólicas: o santuário de Fátima da Serra Grande em análise Le « géographicité » des formes symboliques: analyse du sanctuaire de Fatima da Serra Grande

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    José Arilson Xavier de Souza

    2010-07-01

    do trabalho, são apresentadas as características que expressam Fátima da Serra Grande como uma forma simbólica modelar do catolicismo mariano, conciliador de tradições e inovações e gestor de um turismo religioso sob a liderança da Igreja regional.The “geograficity” of symbolic forms: The Sanctuary of Fatima da Sierra Grande in analysis.This paper discusses the geographical basis of symbolic forms, choosing the culture as an essential element for such research. The Sanctuary of Fátima da Serra Grande, located in St. Benedict city, Northern of the Ceará State, is analyzed in a geographical and phenomenological perspective, considering it as a symbolic form of tourist attraction. The article considers the concept of geographic originally proposed by Eric Dardel, as fundamental for thinking the relationship between motivation and appreciation of the devotees in search of new Catholic shrines. Then, a recovery is made as large sanctuaries influenced the cultural geography of this small and dynamic center of pilgrimage has been developing in northeastern Brazil. At the end of the paper presents the characteristics expressing Fátima da Serra Grande as a symbolic model of Catholicism Marian conciliator of traditions and innovations and manager of a religious tourism under the leadership of the regional church.

  18. Book Reviews

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Redactie KITLV

    2002-04-01

    Full Text Available -Greg Bankoff, Alfred W. McCoy, Lives at the margin; Biography of Filipinos obscure, ordinary and heroic. Madison, Wisconsin: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madion, v + 481 pp. -Greg Bankoff, Clive J. Christie, Ideology and revolution in Southeast Asia 1900-1980; Political ideas of the anti-colonial era. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, xi + 236 pp. -René van den Berg, Videa P. de Guzman ,Grammatical analysis; Morphology, syntax, and semantics; Studies in honor of Stanley Starosta. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, xv + 298 pp. [Oceanic Linguistics Special Publication 29.], Byron W. Bender (eds -Wayne A. Bougas, Daniel Perret ,Batu Aceh; Warisan sejarah Johor. Kuala Lumpour: École francaise d'Extrême Orient, Johor Baru: Yayasan Warisan Johor, xxxviii + 510 pp., Kamarudin Ab. Razak (eds -Freek Colombijn, Benedict R. O.G. Anderson, Violence and the state in Suharto's Indonesia. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University, Southeast Asia Program, 247 pp. [Studies on Southeast Asia 30.] -Harold Crouch, Stefan Eklöf, Indonesian politics in crisis; The long fall of Suharto, 1996-98. Copenhagen: Nodic Institute of Asian Studies, 1999, xi + 272 pp. [NIAS Studies in Contemporary Asia 1.] -John Gullick, Kumar Ramakrishna, Emergency propaganda; The winning of Malayan hearts and minds 1948-1958. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 2002, xii + 306 pp. -Han Bing Siong, Daniel S. Lev, Legal evolution and political authority in Indonesia; Selected essays. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2000, 349 pp., The Hague, London, Boston: Kluwer International. -David Henley, Laura Lee Junker, Raiding, trading, and feasting; The political economy of Philippine chiefdoms. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1999, ix + 477 pp. -R.D. Hill, Jonathan Rigg, Southeast Asia; The human landscape of modernization and development. London: Routledge, 1997, xxv + 326 pp. -Adrian Horridge, Gene Ammarell, Bugis navigation. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale

  19. PREFACE: Vibrations at surfaces Vibrations at surfaces

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rahman, Talat S.

    2011-12-01

    , Christophe Méthivier, Paul Dumas and Claire-Marie Pradier Relating temperature dependence of atom scattering spectra to surface corrugationW W Hayes and J R Manson Effects of the commensurability and disorder on friction for the system Xe/CuA Franchini, V Bortolani, G Santoro and K Xheka Switching ability of nitro-spiropyran on Au(111): electronic structure changes as a sensitive probe during a ring-opening reactionChristopher Bronner, Gunnar Schulze, Katharina J Franke, José Ignacio Pascual and Petra Tegeder High-resolution phonon study of the Ag(100) surfaceK L Kostov, S Polzin and W Widdra On the interpretation of IETS spectra of a small organic molecule Karina Morgenstern

  20. Cincuentenario de una Escuela de Gastroenterología

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    Arecio Peñalosa Rosas

    2003-08-01

    Full Text Available

    Con motivo de cumplir la Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá cien años de haber sido fundada (Julio 22 de 1902 y de haberse iniciado la construcción del Hospital de San José que puso al servicio de la comunidad todas sus instalaciones el 8 de Febrero de 1925, hacemos una reseña histórica del Servicio de Gastroenterología y Endoscopia Digestiva de este Hospital, cuna de una escuela gastroenterológica que ha sido protagónica en la Medicina Colombiana, disciplina médica que se inicia como tal a partir del 24 de Julio de 1947 con la fundación de la “Asociación Nacional de Gastroenterología” por un pequeño grupo de cirujanos que despertó gran interés dentro del cuerpo médico, buscando varios profesionales orientaciones posteriores en Norteamérica y Europa, siendo de resaltar la influencia del Dr. Henry L. Bockus de la Universidad de Pennsylvania y la del Dr. Charles Debray en el Hospital Bichat de París.

    El Dr. Jorge Suárez Hoyos como Jefe del Servicio de Órganos de los Sentidos en el Hospital de San José había constituido una Sección de Broncoesofagología, dotándola de equipo endoscópico rígido de iluminación distal tipo Chevalier-Jackson.

    En el segundo semestre de 1948, a su regreso de Argentina, tras un curso de especialización en el Servicio del Profesor Bonorino Udaondo en el Hospital Rawson y en el Servicio del Profesor Iván Gogni-Moreno en el Hospital Haedo de Buenos Aires, el Dr.Carlos Camacho Rodríguez, habiendo sido aceptado en la Asociación Nacional de Gastroenterología de Colombia el 1o de Julio de 1948 con el trabajo “Estrecheces de esófago. Manejo con dilatación retrógrada” es nombrado Adjunto en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital y se vincula como tal al Servicio de Broncoesofagología ; además de las esofagoscopias y rectoscopias con equipo rígido, inicia la práctica de Gastroscopias con el gastroscopio semirígido Schindler y el tipo Benedict de iluminación distal con

  1. Avaliação intra-operatória da pressão portal e resultados imediatos do tratamento cirúrgico da hipertensão portal em pacientes esquistossomóticos submetidos a desconexão ázigo-portal e esplenectomia Intra-operative evaluation of portal pressure and immediate results of surgical treatment of portal hypertension in schistosomotic patients submitted to esophagogastric devascularization with splenectomy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Walter De Biase da Silva-Neto

    2004-09-01

    é-operatório. CONCLUSÃO: A desconexão ázigo-portal e esplenectomia promoveram queda imediata na pressão portal, com conseqüente diminuição do calibre das varizes esofágicas. Observou-se ainda que não é insignificante o risco de mortalidade e complicações graves relacionados a essa técnica.BACKGROUND: The main cause of portal hypertension in Brazil is the hepato-splenic form of mansonic schistosomiasis and the most employed technique for the surgical approach of this disease is the esophagogastric devascularization with splenectomy, generally associated to postoperative endoscopical esophageal varices sclerotherapy. The hemodynamic alterations after surgical treatment and its possible influence on the outcome are not well established. AIM: To evaluate the immediate impact of esophagogastric devascularization with splenectomy upon portal pressure as well as the results of the surgical treatment on digestive hemorrhage recurrence and on esophageal varices. METHODS: Nineteen patients with mean age of 37.9 years and portal hypertension and previous episodes of digestive hemorrhage caused by esophageal varices rupture due to hepato-splenic schistosomiasis were studied. None of the patients had received any treatment prior to the surgery and underwent to elective esophagogastric devascularization with splenectomy. Portal pressure was assessed at the beginning and at the end of esophagogastric devascularization with splenectomy through portal vein catheterization with a polyethylene catheter introduced through a jejunal branch vein. All patients were submitted to digestive endoscopy before and after the surgery, in order to classify the size of esophageal varices after esophagogastric devascularization with splenectomy according to Palmer’s classification. RESULTS: In all patients the portal pressure had diminished with a mean decrease of 31.3% after esophagogastric devascularization with splenectomy. In the postoperative endoscopic follow-up (1 month, the esophageal varices

  2. Comportamento experimental de amostras de Schistosoma mansoni em relação às formas clínicas de esquistossomose: I. Estudo em camundongos Experimental behavior of samples of Schistosoma mansoni in relation to clinical forms of schistosomiasis: I. Study in mice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario José da Conceição

    1986-03-01

    ção da doença.Twenty isolates of Schistosoma mansoni were obtained from patients, all males 13 to 30 years old, autochtonous from the Village of Capitão Andrade, municipality of Itanhomi, state of Minas gerais, where an evolutive study of Manson's schistosomiasis is being performed since 1973. The isolates came from six patients with schistosome-infections (type I0, six with the hepato-instestinal form (type Ii, and eight with the hepaoesplenic form (type III. Each isolate was inoculated in mice divided in three groups of 16, exposed to 25, 50 and 100 cercariae, respectively. Controls were 12 uninfected mice. After 90 days adult worms were recovered from the portal by perfusion, from four mice of each experimental groups. Mice dying at various intervals and half of the rest f mice in each group sacrificed on the 90th and the 180th days were studied according to the following parameters: 1 weight of liver, spleen, lung and instestine; 2 egg count in the small intestine (proximal and medial and large intestine (distal. The average numbers of worms obtained by perfusion from groups I, II and III were 21.9%, 22% and 17.8% respectively. The average natural mortality rates of mice submitted to infection with 25,50 and 100 cercariae were, respectively, 12.4%, 23.2% and 40.2% for group I,4.7%, 19.5% and 22.2% for group II and 11.4%, 29.5% and 41.6% for group III, being therefore proportional to the inocula. The weight of the organs of the infected animals and the number of S. mansoni eggs was always proportional to the inoculum and the highest number of eggs were found in the median and proximal portion of the intestines in all three groups. The conclusion was the following: there was no correlation between the clinical forms of schistosomiasis and the behaviour of the isolates of S. mansoni in mice, the parasitological alternations being proportional to the inoculum used and the duration of the infection.

  3. Luis Patiño Camargo Maestro, Investigador, Humanista

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Felix Patiño Restrepo

    1992-09-01

    .

    Una rara combinación de desbordante, profunda y disciplinada inteligencia con la conmovedora modestia de su generosa personalidad, hizo del Profesor Patiño Camargo figura venerada por sus colegas, discípulos y amigos, seguramente el investigador colombiano más respetado en la comunidad científica de la salud pública internacional de su época y de todas las épocas.

    Lector ávido y naturalista de corazón, Luis Patiño Camargo encamó lo mejor de la simbiosis del humanismo como esencia del ser, con el cientifismo como disciplina y como propósito intelectual para lograr la interpretación del por qué de las cosas, de la naturaleza de la vida, del devenir del hombre sobre la tierra.

    Observador incansable de physis, la naturaleza de los griegos, y de Gaia, la madre tierra de Lovelock, alimentaba el espíritu con la lectura de los clásicos griegos, latinos y españoles, y reforzaba su inmenso conocimiento biomédico repasando los textos de Claude Bernard, William Osler, Phillip Manson- Bahr o Bernardo Houssay, para con ello refinar su deslumbrante proceso de análisis intelectual y satisfacer su permanente actitud inquisitiva.

    Luis Patiño Camargo combinó sabiduría profunda, real, sólida con el más sincero sentido humanitario, con sin igual compasión humana. Científico rígido, investigador metódico, fue intérprete por excelencia de lo mejor del mandato hipocrático. Primum non nocere, “ante todo no hacer daño”, fue lema sentido y preclicado, en todo el más amplio significado del precepto legendario.

    Tuvo la virtud del método, o sea la organización del propósito, la capacidad de la interpretación objetiva de los hechos comprobados, la facilidad de formular hipótesis visionarias. Mantuvo el anhelo insaciable de la educación continua, la generosidad espiritual del maestro y la bondadosa posición en del bienhechor social...

  4. Book Reviews

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Redactie KITLV

    1994-01-01

    studies in social and cultural Anthropology, 1992, xiv + 322 pp., ill. - N.G. Schulte Nordholt, Ingo Wandelt, Der Weg zum Pancasila-Menschen (Die pancasila-Lehre unter dem P4-Beschlusz des Jahres 1978; Entwicklung und struktur der indonesischen staatslehre. Frankfurt am Main-Bern-New York-Paris: Peter Lang, Europäische Hochschulschriften, Reihe XXVII, Asiatische und Afrikaner Studien, 1989, 316 pp. - J.N.B. Tairas, Herman C. Kemp, Annotated bibliography of bibliographies on Indonesia. Leiden: KITLV press (Koninklijk Instituut voor taal-, land-en Volkenkunde, biographical series 17, 1990, xvii + 433 pp. - Brian Z. Tamanaha, Christopher Weeramantry, Nauru; Environmental damage under international trusteeship. Melbourne (etc.: Oxford University Press, 1992, xx+ 448 pp. - Wim F. Wertheim, Hersri Setiawan, Benedict R.O.’G. Anderson, Language and power; Exploring political cultures in Indonesia. Ithaca/London: Cornell University Press, 1930, 305 pp.

  5. Global system for hydrological monitoring and forecasting in real time at high resolution

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ortiz, Enrique; De Michele, Carlo; Todini, Ezio; Cifres, Enrique

    2016-04-01

    ). The Distributed Model Intercomparison Project - Phase 2: Experiment Design and Summary Results of the Western Basin Experiments, Journal of Hydrology 507, 300-329, 2013. • Pontificiae Academiae Scientiarvm (2014). Proceedings of the Joint Workshop on 2-6 May 2014: Sustainable Humanity Sustainable Nature Our Responsibility. Pontificiae Academiae Scientiarvm Extra Series 41. Vatican City. 2014 • Encyclical letter CARITAS IN VERITATE of the supreme pontiff Benedict XVI to the bishops, priests and deacons, men and women religious the lay faithful and all people of good will on integral human development in charity and truth. Vatican City . 2009. • Encyclical letter LAUDATO SI' of the holy father Francis on care for our common home. Vatican City. 2015

  6. PREFACE: XXVIth International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Orel, Ann; Starace, Anthony F.; Nikolić, Dragan; Berrah, Nora; Gorczyca, Thomas W.; Kamber, Emanuel Y.; Tanis, John A.

    2009-12-01

    (US DOE) gave a talk on 'Facing Our Energy Challenges in a New Era of Science' and William Phillips (Nobel laureate, NIST) presented a talk on 'Time, Einstein, and the Coolest Stuff in the Universe'. These public talks, held on Thursday and Friday evenings, respectively, were very accessible to a general audience. In addition, there were 61 progress reports on ongoing current research, and 26 special reports selected from the submitted abstracts based on their relevance and importance. These talks covered the full range of the conference topics. Notably, this was the 50th anniversary of ICPEAC and a formal session was held the first day to honor the event as well as those who were instrumental in initiating the conference. Thirteen scientists, representing both those from the early days of ICPEAC as well as chairs of previous ICPEACs, were present and called to the stage, including Benjamin Bederson, Lewis Branscomb, Robert Crompton, Alexander Dalgarno, Gordon Dunn, Werner Eissner, Brian Gilbody, Edward Gerjuoy, Hartmut Hotop, Eugen Merzbacher, Eugene Rudd, Felix Smith, and Aaron Temkin. Steven Manson was the chair of the session and he introduced those present from the early days. Joachim Burgdörfer presented an overview of the history of ICPEAC. This session was followed by a special anniversary reception to honor all of the early 'ICPEACers'. Generous support for the conference was provided by IUPAP, the WMU President's office, and the National Science Foundation. The funds were sizeable, timely, and greatly appreciated, and permitted us to support a significant number of young scientists (postdocs and students) and persons from developing/disadvantaged countries. Nevertheless, the number of requests was far greater than the total support available (by about a factor of five!), and we had to turn down many financial requests. We encourage the organizers of the next ICPEAC to seek a higher level of funding for supporting young scientists and scientists from

  7. Żydzi w dyskursie Kościoła katolickiego

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marzena Makuchowska

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Jews in the discourse of the Catholic Church The article describes the most important changes which appeared after the Second Vatican Council in the discourse of the Catholic Church in reference to its attitude to confessors of Judaism. The change is the difference between the state of texts in two different moments, which is why the first part of the article is dedicated to the characteristics of pre-Council (and mostly pre-war discourse about Jews, and the second part to main directions of the changes caused by the realization of the Council postulates. The third part shows indications of the continuation of old, deep-rooted schemes. The analysis partly concerns texts of the Church worldwide, and partly texts of the Church in Poland.  Polish pre-Council discourse on Jews was characterized by exceptional negativism. Catholic liturgy shows them as those who tortured and killed Jesus (the myth of deicides. In the sermons, pastoral letters and the Catholic press, Jews were presented as enemies of not only Christianity but also of Poles, because the Church in Poland engaged itself in creation of the nationally and religiously homogenous country under the slogan “Poland for Poles.” All the traditional myths were reproduced (Jews as wreckers, conspirators, debauchers, etc.. Many linguistic means were applied to degrade Jews, for example deminutiva, animalization (speaking about Jews as about animals, so-called cacophemism, words with pejorative meaning of moral and physical disgust. After Vaticanum II contents, which reproduced the picture of Jews as deicides, were removed from the Catholic liturgy. The positive pictures of Jews and Judaism were consequently created in the tuition of Pope John Paul II and Benedict XVI. Linguistic means emphasize the community of Christians and Jews (bond, closeness, brothers, brotherhood, togetherness, etc.. Each pope obliges Catholics to respect Jews and memory of Holocaust; popes directly prohibit any signs of

  8. EDITORIAL: From reciprocal space to real space in surface science From reciprocal space to real space in surface science

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bartels, Ludwig; Ernst, Karl-Heinz

    2012-09-01

    Triest.let's finish—aus basta Some move atoms around to hear how they sound.Karl-Heinz Rieder, Erice, 6 April 1998 From reciprocal space to real space in surface science contents From reciprocal space to real space in surface scienceLudwig Bartels and Karl-Heinz Ernst Karl-Heinz Reider: the quiet pioneerGiorgio Benedek Scattering of CO and N2 molecules by a graphite surfaceJunepyo Oh, Takahiro Kondo, Keitaro Arakawa, Yoshihiko Saito, Junji Nakamura, W W Hayes and J R Manson Helium, neon and argon diffraction from Ru(0001)M Minniti, C Díaz, J L Fernández Cuñado, A Politano, D Maccariello, F Martín, D Farías and R Miranda Enhanced charge transfer in a monolayer of the organic charge transfer complex TTF-TNAP on Au(111)T R Umbach, I Fernandez-Torrente, J N Ladenthin, J I Pascual and K J Franke Extended pattern recognition scheme for self-learning kinetic Monte Carlo simulationsSyed Islamuddin Shah, Giridhar Nandipati, Abdelkader Kara and Talat S Rahman Acetylene on Cu(111): imaging a molecular surface arrangement with a constantly rearranging tipYeming Zhu, Jonathan Wyrick, Kamelia D Cohen, Katie Marie Magnone, Connor Holzke, Daniel Salib, Quan Ma, Dezheng Sun and Ludwig Bartels Coulomb attraction during the carpet growth mode of NaClFriederike Matthaei, Sarah Heidorn, Konrad Boom, Cord Bertram, Ali Safiei, Jörg Henzl and Karina Morgenstern Molecular self-assembly on an insulating surface: interplay between substrate templating and intermolecular interactionsMarkus Kittelmann, Philipp Rahe and Angelika Kühnle Vertical manipulation of native adatoms on the InAs(111)A surfaceJ Yang, C Nacci, J Martínez-Blanco, K Kanisawa and S Fölsch Charge transfer between isomer domains on n+-doped Si(111)-2 × 1: energetic stabilizationR M Feenstra, G Bussetti, B Bonanni, A Violante, C Goletti, P Chiaradia, M G Betti and C Mariani Probing the properties of metal-oxide interfaces: silica films on Mo and Ru supportsLeonid Lichtenstein, Markus Heyde, Stefan Ulrich, Niklas Nilius

  9. Von der »Entstehung des öffentlichen Strafrechts« zur »Fabrikation des Verbrechens«

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karl Härter

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available "Auss liebe der gerechtigkeit vnd umb gemeines nutz". Historische Beiträge zur Strafverfolgung, (Rothenburger Gespräche zur Strafrechtsgeschichte 1, hg. von GÜNTER JEROUSCHEK und HINRICH RÜPING, Tübingen: Edition Diskord 2000, 253 S., ISBN 3-89295-685-5. JOHN MAURICE BEATTIE, Policing and punishment in London, 1660-1750. Urban crime and the limits of terror, Oxford u. a.: Oxford University Press 2001, XIX, 491 p., ISBN 0-19-820867-7. ANDREAS BLAUERT, Das Urfehdewesen im deutschen Südwesten im Spätmittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit, (Frühneuzeit-Forschungen 7, Tübingen: Bibliotheca-Academica-Verlag 2000, 199 S., ISBN 3-928471-25-2. ANDREAS BLAUERT, EVA WIEBEL, Gauner- und Diebslisten: Registrieren, Identifizieren und Fahnden im 18. Jahrhundert. Mit einem Repertorium gedruckter südwestdeutscher, schweizerischer und österreichischer Listen sowie einem Faksimile der Schäffer& Benedict Carpzov. Neue Perspektiven zu einem umstrittenen sächsischen Juristen, hg. von GÜNTER JEROUSCHEK, WOLFGANG SCHILD und WALTER GROPP, Tübingen: Ed. Diskord 2000, 320 S., ISBN 3-89295-695-2. The Civilization of Crime. Violence in Town and Country since the Middle Ages, ed. ERIC A. JOHNSON and ERIC H. MONKKONEN, Urbana/Chicago: University of Illinois Press 1996, 290 p., ISBN 0-252-02242-4. Criminalità e giustizia in Germania e in Italia. Pratiche giudiziarie e linguaggi giuridici tra tardo Medioevo ed età moderna / Kriminalität und Justiz in Deutschland und Italien. Rechtspraktiken und gerichtliche Diskurse in Spätmittelalter und Früher Neuzeit, hg. von MARCO BELLABARBA, GERD SCHWERHOFF und ANDREA ZORZI, (Annali dell& Denunziation und Justiz. Historische Dimensionen eines sozialen Phänomens, hg. von FRISO ROSS und ACHIM LANDWEHR, Tübingen: Ed. Diskord 2000, 283 S., ISBN 3-89295-689-8. Denunziation. Historische, juristische und psychologische Aspekte, hg. von GÜNTER JEROUSCHEK, INGE MARSSOLEK und HEDWIG RÖCKELEIN, (Forum Psychohistorie 7, T

  10. Abass Alavi: A giant in Nuclear Medicine turns 80 and is still going strong!

    Science.gov (United States)

    Høilund-Carlsen, Poul F

    2018-01-01

    previously assumed. Thus, in cancer, genetic profiling has demonstrated that tumors are genetically often a mixture of cellular clones and that these are not necessarily also present in local, regional or remote metastases, meaning that ultra-specific PET tracers for cancer diagnosis and staging may be more a utopian vision than a realistic future possibility. This, together with inborn limitations of the PET technique has made Abass Alavi more prudent and hesitant toward reports of highly promising new PET tracers and an advocate of timely carefulness when using our limited financial resources. Teaching and education of talented young individuals is one of Alavi's main academic missions. Thus, with Gerald Mandell, MD, he established the Alavi-Mandell Award, presented for the first time at the SNM meeting in 1999 to a candidate selected from among all those in a given year who were trainees at the time their names appeared as first authors of papers in JNM. Together with his wife Jane, Alavi established the Bradley-Alavi Student Fellowship which was presented for the first time in 2001 and is given to the top students selected by the SNMMI Education and Research Foundation. Alavi himself is a recipient of multiple awards, including the Georg Charles de Hevesy Nuclear Pioneer Award (2004), the Benedict Cassen Prize for Research in Nuclear Medicine (2012), the Honorary Citizenship of his native town Tabriz (2015) and the Gold Medal of the National Institute for Medical Research Development, Tehran (2015). In addition, he has received the Honorary PhD Degree in Molecular Biology of the University of Shiraz (2007), and the Honorary Doctoral Degrees of the University of Bologna (2007), the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia (2008), the Medical University of Gdansk (2016), and the University of Southern Denmark (2016). Since January 2011, Alavi has been a frequent guest in the city of Odense, Denmark. Its University Hospital holds one of the biggest departments of nuclear

  11. PREFACE: CEWQO Topical Issue CEWQO Topical Issue

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bozic, Mirjana; Man'ko, Margarita

    2009-09-01

    This topical issue of Physica Scripta collects selected peer-reviewed contributions based on invited and contributed talks and posters presented at the 15th Central European Workshop on Quantum Optics (CEWQO) which took place in Belgrade 29 May-3 June 2008 (http://cewqo08.phy.bg.ac.yu). On behalf of the whole community took place in Belgrade 29 May-3 June 2008 (http://cewqo08.phy.bg.ac.yu, cewqo08.phy.bg.ac.yu). On behalf of the whole community of the workshop, we thank the referees for their careful reading and useful suggestions which helped to improve all of the submitted papers. A brief description of CEWQO The Central European Workshop on Quantum Optics is a series of conferences started informally in Budapest in 1992. Sometimes small events transform into important conferences, as in the case of CEWQO. Professor Jozsef Janszky, from the Research Institute of Solid State Physics and Optics, is the founder of this series. Margarita Man'ko obtained the following information from Jozsef Janszky during her visit to Budapest, within the framework of cooperation between the Russian and Hungarian Academies of Sciences in 2005. He organized a small workshop on quantum optics in Budapest in 1992 with John Klauder as a main speaker. Then, bearing in mind that a year before Janszky himself was invited by Vladimir Buzek to give a seminar on the same topic in Bratislava, he decided to assign the name 'Central European Workshop on Quantum Optics', considering the seminar in Bratislava to be the first workshop and the one in Budapest the second. The third formal workshop took place in Bratislava in 1993 organized by Vladimir Buzek, then in 1994 (Budapest, by Jozsef Janszky), 1995 and 1996 (Budmerice, Slovakia, by Vladimir Buzek), 1997 (Prague, by Igor Jex), 1999 (Olomouc, Czech Republic, by Zdenek Hradil), 2000 (Balatonfüred, Hungary, by Jozsef Janszky ), 2001 (Prague, by Igor Jex), 2002 (Szeged, Hungary, by Mihaly Benedict), 2003 (Rostock,Germany, by Werner Vogel and

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