Tænk ikke, men se efter! - Wittgensteins brug af eksemplet

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Krause-Jensen, Niels Henrik

2016-01-01

I dette kapitel er ærindet at præsentere en filosofisk metode, som på en langt mere gennemgribende måde end vanligt orienterer sig efter eksempler. Udgangspunktet er sprogfilosoffen Ludwig Wittgensteins tænkning, hvor det vises, at der er noget ganske særligt på spil: Eksempler bruges ikke til...

The Joint Philosophical Program of Russell and Wittgenstein and Its Demise

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Nikolay Milkov

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Between April and November 1912, Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein were engaged in a joint philosophical program. Wittgenstein’s meeting with Gottlob Frege in December 1912 led, however, to its dissolution—the joint program was abandoned. Section 1 of this paper outlines the key points of that program, identifying what Russell and Wittgenstein each contributed to it. The second section determines precisely those features of their collaborative work that Frege criticized. Finally, building upon the evidence developed in the first two sections, section 3 recasts along previously undeveloped lines Wittgensein’s logical–philosophical discoveries in the two years following his encounter with Frege in 1912. The paper concludes, in section 4, with an overview of the dramatic consequences the Frege–Wittgenstein critique had for Russell’s philosophical development.

Weismann, Wittgenstein and the homunculus fallacy.

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Smit, Harry

2010-09-01

A problem that has troubled both neo-Darwinists and neo-Lamarckians is whether instincts involve knowledge. This paper discusses the contributions to this problem of the evolutionary biologist August Weismann and the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. Weismann discussed an empirical homunculus fallacy: Lamarck's theory mistakenly presupposes a homunculus in the germ cells. Wittgenstein discussed a conceptual homunculus fallacy which applies to Lamarck's theory: it is mistaken to suppose that knowledge is stored in the brain or DNA. The upshot of these two fallacies is that instincts arise through a neo-Darwinian process but are not cognitions in the sense that they involve (the recollection of stored) knowledge. Although neo-Lamarckians have rightly argued that learning processes may contribute to the development of instincts, their ideas about the role of knowledge in the evolution and development of instincts are mistaken. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Wittgenstein Approach to the Learning of OO-modeling

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Holmboe, Christian

2004-12-01

The paper uses Ludwig Wittgenstein's theories about the relationship between thought, language, and objects of the world to explore the assumption that OO-thinking resembles natural thinking. The paper imports from research in linguistic philosophy to computer science education research. I show how UML class diagrams (i.e., an artificial context-free language) correspond to the logically perfect languages described in Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. In Philosophical Investigations Wittgenstein disputes his previous theories by showing that natural languages are not constructed by rules of mathematical logic, but are language games where the meaning of a word is constructed through its use in social contexts. Contradicting the claim that OO-thinking is easy to learn because of its similarity to natural thinking, I claim that OO-thinking is difficult to learn because of its differences from natural thinking. The nature of these differences is not currently well known or appreciated. I suggest how explicit attention to the nature and implications of different language games may improve the teaching and learning of OO-modeling as well as programming.

Jogos de linguagem/jogos de verdade: de Wittgenstein a Foucault

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Elza Ibrahim

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo trae a discusión la cuestión de la constitución del sujeto a través de los juegos de verdad y de los juegos de lenguaje, problematizados, respectivamente, por Michel Foucault y Ludwig Wittgenstein, teniendo como hilo conductor las implica - ciones del lenguaje en las prácticas que realizadas en un hospital psiquiátrico-penal con pacientes inimputables. Para ello, presentamos la visión objetivista de realidad y del lenguaje figurativo, en lugar del punto de vista constructivista de la realidad y del lenguaje pragmático. De acuerdo con este último punto de vista, la realidad es producida por el lenguaje a través de juegos de lenguaje, históricamente contextua - lizadas. Por lo tanto, estaríamos hablando de sujetos únicos, y no del sujeto trascen - dental. En este contexto, traemos a la discusión la noción de verdad problematizada por Foucault como un campo de potencial. Para él, es tan sólo en la contingencia de la historia que se constituye el sujeto: como el lenguaje, él es producto de múltiples prácticas sociales.

WITTGENSTEIN AND PHILOSOPHICAL SPIRITUALITY IN THE LIGHT OF THE LECTURE ON ETHICS

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Tommaso Manzon

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Lo scopo di questo paper è quello di sviluppare una lettura e un’interpretazione di uno degli scritti “minori” di Ludwig Wittgenstein, la Conferenza sull’Etica. La mia comprensione della Conferenza è inspirata principalmente dall’interpretazione della filosofia di Wittgenstein sviluppata da Pierre Hadot e, di conseguenza, la mia tesi consisterà nel dimostrare che seguendo Hadot la Conferenza sull’Etica può essere vista come un ‘Esercizio Spirituale’. Pertanto sostengo che la finalità principale di questo scritto va vista nel tentativo di cambiare la nostra attitudine verso il mondo, e dunque la nostra disposizione etica verso di esso. Ritengo inoltre che questo non sia solo lo scopo di ogni Esercizio Spirituale, bensì in generale quello dell’attività del filosofo austriaco, ossia, la volontà di coinvolgere i propri destinatari provocando in loro una riflessione e possibilmente un cambiamento in merito al proprio modo di vivere, e a tutta la sfera che va sotto il nome di “Etica”.

Wittgenstein jako socjolog codzienności [Wittgenstein as sociologist of everyday life

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Katarzyna Gurczynska-Sady

2014-09-01

Full Text Available The question I would like to ask in this aritcle is: what is the source of human behaviour in everyday life? The question belongs to the field of philosophical anthropology and can be formulated also as following: what it the subject of human behaviour? The answer to this question seems to be obvious. Who if not the individual himself could be an animator of the things he does? Especially when we think of his everyday activities. In what other contexts, if not in the private sphere, human behavior would seem more dependent on the man himself? Setting up this question I tried to refute these obvious. I try to demonstrate that the source of human behavior has nothing to do with so called individual human will. I try to show that the meanings attach to human actions do not depend on an individal, even if it they take place "in the privacy of somebody's home”. I will try to prove it using Ludwig Wittgenstein's remarks concerning the voluntary and involuntary movements and Goffman's remark on human condition as an actor.

(Wittgenstein & Paraconsistência

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João Marcos

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Uma teoria é trivial se a partir dela podemos deduzir qualquer fórmula da linguagem a ela subjacente, é inconsistente se a partir dela podemos deduzir uma contradição, e é paraconsistente se é inconsistente porém não-trivial. É claro que toda teoria trivial é inconsistente; sabemos ainda que para uma teoria clássica a recíproca é igualmente válida. Daí a nossa surpresa ao encontrarmos Wittgenstein, já na década de 30, em comentários e palestras acerca dos fundamentos da matemática, bem como em outros escritos, pregando uma certa tolerância com relação à presença de contradições em um sistema matemático. “Contradição. Por que justo este fantasma? Isso é realmente muito suspeito.” (Remarks III–56 Investigamos aqui as hipóteses de queWittgenstein teria formulado a ideia de uma lógica paraconsistente, ou de que possamos licitamente fazê-lo a partir de sua obra. Verificamos ainda se a lógica paraconsistente poderia ser acolhida como justificação de certas ideias wittgensteinianas sobre o caráter relativamente inofensivo das contradições, e quais os pontos em comum entre estas ideias e aquelas expressas no projeto da lógica paraconsistente. Além disso, compreendemos ainda melhor a postura de Wittgenstein frente à contradição e à inconsistência ao perquirirmos suas origens, bem como suas consequências para a prática matemática.• DOI:10.5007/1808-1711.2010v14n1p135

¿Fue Wittgenstein un conductista? La necesidad de criterios públicos para el juego de lenguaje de lo ?interno? y sus implicaciones para la Psicología

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Antonio Crego Díaz

2004-11-01

Full Text Available Se argumenta a favor de una interpretación conductista de Wittgenstein, caracterizando esta postura como ?conductismo epistemológico? ?referido a juegos de lenguaje-, que no niega ?en el plano ontológico- la existencia de lo mental, que interpreta la conducta en sentido amplio y que tiene un marcado carácter social. En la base de este conductismo se encuentra la idea de que para establecer el juego de lenguaje de lo interno se precisa de criterios públicos, intersubjetivos. Se explora la posibilidad de elaborar una epistemología sociopsicológica naturalizada a partir del análisis lingüístico skinneriano y en consonancia con las observaciones de Wittgenstein. Se comentan las implicaciones del conductismo epistemológico para el lenguaje de los términos psicológicos.

Var Wittgenstein humorist?

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Hansen, Finn Thorbjørn

2002-01-01

I dette paper redegøres der for de eksistentielle aspekter af Wittgensteins filosofi og hvilke ligheder der er mellem Wittgensteins syn på "det etiske" og Søren Kierkegaard (alias Johannes Climacus) syn på "det Ethiske-Religiøse" samt hvorfor det kan give mening at betragte Wittgenstein som...... humorist i Kierkegaards forståelse af dette ord. I paperet gøres der også nogle betragtninger over hvorfor denne tolkning af Wittgenstein også kan være brugbar i forhold til en forståelse af, hvad filosofisk vejledning (Philosophical Counseling) er....

Hertzian Dynamic Models In Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Theory Of Logic

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Andreea Eșanu

2013-05-01

Full Text Available During the last century the social sciences grew from the stage of speculative system building to a more mature development in which empirical data are sought for the significance they can have for systematic theories. A lot of work in this field concerns itself with determining the methodological and conceptual prerequisites for a mature science of human reasoning and behavior. Modeling human reasoning and human behavior, although currently focused on social and economic phenomena like organizations, organizational knowledge, leadership, cooperation etc., are historically dependent upon modeling natural phenomena in physical science, precisely because physical science tackles successfully the issue of building upon empirical data. This paper pursues an apparently small, but nonetheless significant, historical claim concerning the “relative position of human reasoning and mechanics” a claim made possible by the development of late 19th century’s epistemology of science (mainly Heinrich Hertz’s and theoretical philosophy (Ludwig Wittgenstein. The main idea of the paper is that Ludwig Wittgenstein’s concept of “logical representation”, seen as a landmark for what human reasoning is about, is an intricate analogue to the Hertzian “dynamic models” from the Principles of Mechanics. This analogy is analyzed and explained with regard to the problem of the “logic of color”.

Wittgenstein y la teoría contemplativa del significado Observaciones a la tesis de Juan Abugattás

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Álvaro Revolledo Novoa

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Este ensayo consiste en una lectura crítica de la interpretación que realiza el filósofo peruano Juan Abugattás en torno a la “teoría contemplativa” del Tractatus Logico Philosophicus (TLP de Ludwig Wittgenstein. En particular, se encarga de revisar la tesis de Bachiller de Juan Abugattás en la que afirma que la teoría del significado del TLP es reemplazada por la teoría del uso en la obra posterior de Wittgenstein. El objetivo central de este ensayo es demostrar que la teoría del significado del TLP no es, como pretende Abugattás, una mera teoría contemplativa, y que la teoría del significado de las Philosophische Bemerkungen (Ph. B., a diferencia de lo que sostiene Abugattás, aun mantiene intacta la perspectiva del TLP respecto de cómo el lenguaje puede permitirnos conocer el mundo. En ambos casos, sostengo que la teoría del significado del TLP obedece a una respuesta a la crítica lingüística de Mauthner y sus consecuencias en el plano del conocimiento.Palabras claves: Wittgenstein, teoría del significado, Tractatus Logico Philosophicus, lenguaje, conocimiento.

Psychiatric diagnoses are not mental processes: Wittgenstein on conceptual confusion.

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Rosenman, Stephen; Nasti, Julian

2012-11-01

Empirical explanation and treatment repeatedly fail for psychiatric diagnoses. Diagnosis is mired in conceptual confusion that is illuminated by Ludwig Wittgenstein's later critique of philosophy (Philosophical Investigations). This paper examines conceptual confusions in the foundation of psychiatric diagnosis from some of Wittgenstein's important critical viewpoints. Diagnostic terms are words whose meanings are given by usages not definitions. Diagnoses, by Wittgenstein's analogy with 'games', have various and evolving usages that are connected by family relationships, and no essence or core phenomenon connects them. Their usages will change according to the demands and contexts in which they are employed. Diagnoses, like many psychological terms, such as 'reading' or 'understanding', are concepts that refer not to fixed behavioural or mental states but to complex apprehensions of the relationship of a variety of behavioural phenomena with the world. A diagnosis is a sort of concept that cannot be located in or explained by a mental process. A diagnosis is an exercise in language and its usage changes according to the context and the needs it addresses. Diagnoses have important uses but they are irreducibly heterogeneous and cannot be identified with or connected to particular mental processes or even with a unity of phenomena that can be addressed empirically. This makes understandable not only the repeated failure of empirical science to replicate or illuminate genetic, neurophysiologic, psychic or social processes underlying diagnoses but also the emptiness of a succession of explanatory theories and treatment effects that cannot be repeated or stubbornly regress to the mean. Attempts to fix the meanings of diagnoses to allow empirical explanation will and should fail as there is no foundation on which a fixed meaning can be built and it can only be done at the cost of the relevance and usefulness of diagnosis.

Modeling Trans-Scale Social Processes

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-01

community as an ecology of games • Ludwig Wittgenstein , 1958 – Philosophical investigations • Harold Garfinkel, 1963 – A concept of, and experiments with...and realize qualitative game insights Multigame interactions Ludwig Wittgenstein . Family Resemblances among Games • Consider the proceedings

Culture as a monastic rule

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Albinus, Lars

2018-01-01

A conference paper about Peter Sloterdijk's erratic interpretation of the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein as an example of cultural elitism.......A conference paper about Peter Sloterdijk's erratic interpretation of the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein as an example of cultural elitism....

Wittgenstein, finitism, and the foundations of mathematics

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Marion, Mathieu

2008-01-01

Mathieu Marion traces the development of Wittgenstein''s thinking from the 1920s through to the 1950s, in the context of the mathematical and philosophical work of the time, making sense of ideas that have often been misunderstood. He shows that study of Wittgenstein''s writings on mathematics is essential to a proper understanding of his philosophy. - ;Mathieu Marion offers a careful, historically informed study of Wittgenstein''s philosophy of mathematics. This area of his work has frequently been undervalued by Wittgenstein specialists and by philosophers of mathematics alike; but the surprising fact that he wrote more on this subject than on any other indicates its centrality in his thought. Marion traces the development of Wittgenstein''s thinking in the context of the mathematical and philosophical work of the times, to make. coherent sense of ideas that have too often been misunderstood because they have been presented in a disjointed and incomplete way. In particular, he illuminates the work of the ne...

Sobre o transcendental prático e a dialética da sociabilidade

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Luiz Henrique Lopes dos Santos

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Ao escrever Apresentação do mundo: considerações sobre o pensamento de Ludwig Wittgenstein, as intenções de José Arthur Giannotti não eram principalmente exegéticas. Ele pretendia trilhar alguns caminhos abertos por Ludwig Wittgenstein no intuito de lidar com suas próprias obsessões filosóficas. Neste artigo, mostro por que e como algumas das linhas de pensamento de Wittgenstein ajudaram Giannotti a clarear logicamente alguns de seus próprios temas filosóficos obsessivos: o transcendental prático e a dialética da sociabilidade.In writing Presentation of the World: considerations on the thought of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Giannotti's intentions were not primarily exegetical. He aimed to follow some of Wittgenstein's conceptual pathways in order to deal with his own philosophical obsessions. In this paper, I show why and how some of Wittgenstein's lines of thought helped Giannotti to logically clarify a couple of his own obsessive philosophical themes: the practical transcendental and the dialectic of sociability.

Jogos de linguagem/jogos de verdade: de Wittgenstein a Foucault

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Elza Ibrahim

2014-08-01

Full Text Available This article discusses the constitution of the subject through the truth games and the language games problematized, respectively, by Michel Foucault and Ludwig Wittgenstein, taking as a conducting wire the implications of language in the practices produced in a psychiatric hospital with the human being considered not to be regularly punished. Therefore, we present the objectivist vision of reality and the representational language vision as opposed to the constructivist view of reality and the pragmatic language itself. According to this latter view, the reality is produced by the language through the language games which are historically contextualized. Thus, we are talking about unique subjects. In this context, we bring to the discussion the notion of truth problematized by Foucault as a field of possibilities, who thinks it is so only in the contingency of history that the subject is constituted: as the language, he is the product of multiple social practices.

Os fundamentos transcendentais da daseinsanalyse psiquiátrica de Ludwig Binswanger

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Rodrigo Alvarenga

Full Text Available Ludwig Binswanger compreendeu que era necessário reestruturar o método de investigação e abordagem dos fenômenos psicóticos, pelo afastamento da ontologia cartesiana do sujeito e do objeto, o qual pressupunha o dualismo e o solipsismo da consciência, para fundar uma abordagem intersubjetiva da psiquiatria. O objetivo desta pesquisa é justamente examinar esse percurso fenomenológico da Daseinsanalyse psiquiátrica de Ludwig Binswanger, no que se refere ao cumprimento daquilo para o qual ela própria se propôs, por meio da assimilação da investigação transcendental no campo das psicoses.

Sentido nas perspectivas de Frege e de Wittgenstein

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Jorge Henrique Lima MOREIRA

2011-10-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desse texto é apresentar as concepções de sentido dos dois autores anunciados aqui, pois ambos têm concepções com aproximações e diferenciações. Frege cria uma teoria da linguagem que diferencia sentido e referência, salvaguardando as sentenças sem valor de verdade. Segundo ele, existe um discurso que não tem valor de verdade, mas que é significativo, pois é um discurso possuidor de sentido. Esse discurso, no entanto, não pode almejar o status de científico, pois para isso teria que ter também referência, ou seja, valor de verdade. Já Wittgenstein tem uma concepção de sentido que se pauta na bipolaridade da proposição, não sendo exigido dela que denote algo, i.e., que tenha referência também. Com isso, o que não tem essa propriedade fica condenado ao âmbito da não-linguagem. A diferença, portanto, é que Wittgenstein não exige um correspondente referencial para a sentença, cabendo-lhe descrever um estado de coisas [possíveis].

[Friedrich Ludwig von Maydelli pildid Baltimaade ajaloost = Friedrich Ludwig von Maydells Baltische Geschichte in Bildern = Friedrich Ludwig von Maydell ́s Baltic history in images] / Ulrike Plath

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Plath, Ulrike, 1972-

2014-01-01

Arvustus: Friedrich Ludwig von Maydelli pildid Baltimaade ajaloost = Friedrich Ludwig von Maydells Baltische Geschichte in Bildern = Friedrich Ludwig von Maydell ́s Baltic history in images. Eesti kunstimuuseum, Kadrioru kunstimuuseum. Tallinn 2013

Sordera, tragedia y muerte de Ludwig van Beethoven

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Darío Morón Díaz

2008-07-01

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La sordera de Ludwig van Beethoven fue atribuida a distintas enfermedades: a una neuritis
acústica debido a la fiebre tifoidea, a la sífilis, a la hepatitis, a una colitis, al reumatismo, a abscesos,
a una criopatia debida al frío y a la osificación del tejido cartilaginoso que conduce al oído ínterno,
también mencionaron la sarcoidosis.
Dos hechos fueron fundamentales para desechar tales especulaciones: el primero, la decisión del
joven Ferdinand Hiller, que el 27 de marzo de 1827 cortó un mechón de cabello del cadáver de Ludwig
van Beethoven. El segundo, el avance científico de la medicina moderna. Ambos acontecimientos han
permitido profundizar con certeza en la etiología u origen de la sordera de Beethoven y la variada síntomatología que sufrió el genio musical.

Esbozo biográfico
EL 16 de diciembre de 1770, en Bonn, nació Ludwig van Beethoven, hijo de Johann Beethoven y
Maria Magdalena Keverich; el matrimonio tuvo siete hijos, cuatro fallecieron siendo niños y tres sobrevivieron: Ludwig, Kaspar Antón Karl y Nicolás Johann.
El padre de Beethoven fue dipsómano, debido a los excesos alcohólicos y en medio de los escándalos el
padre agredía al niño. Deambulaba entre la Iglesia y la taberna. María Magdalena por el contrario era tierna y afectuosa con su hijo, situación que por contraste servía de refugio a Ludwig.

Ludwig Leichhardt und Alexander von Humboldt

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Aliya-Katarina Südfels

2012-10-01

espère de la part du célèbre Alexandre de Humboldt encouragement et recommandations. La conversation est courte et n’aboutit aucun résultat pour Ludwig Leichhardt. Elle restera la seule rencontre entre ces deux savants. Aujourd’hui pourtant, cela paraît incompréhensible, car Ludwig Leichhardt et Alexandre de Humboldt avaient bien plus en commun que leur passion pour les sciences naturelles. Jusqu’à présent, les analogies biographiques ainsi que les travaux géographiques très ressemblants de ces deux Prussiens ont été très peu comparés.

Wittgensteins ‘Lebensform’: een terra incognita?

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Eijzenga, H.

1995-01-01

In dit artikel heb ik gesteld dat de dilemma’s ten aanzien van culturele incommensurabiliteit waarmee zowel universalisten als relativisten te maken krijgen vermeden kunnen worden door uitwerking van Wittgensteins ‘übersichtliche Darstellung’ (overzichtelijke weergave) waarmee Wittgenstein in

Wittgenstein on Köhler and Gestalt psychology: a critique.

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Pastore, N

1991-10-01

Wittgenstein's objections to Köhler and gestalt psychology are critically examined. Principal features of Köhler's Gestalt Psychology are discussed that are relevant to Wittgenstein's views. They include Köhler's concepts of "subjective" and "objective" experiences, "sensory organization," and "empiristic theory." Wittgenstein's objections, which focus on the concept of sensory organization, are examined. Wittgenstein employs the term "aspect," which is derived from the findings of gestalt psychology, as a replacement for Köhler's term "sensory organization." After tracing his uses of aspect, it is shown that aspect is a superordinate entity distinct from 'sensory content' (colors and shapes). This dualism of aspect and sensory content is of the same kind that prevailed in the empiristic theory of visual perception. Wittgenstein's adherence to the empiristic theory is discussed. Finally, the difference between Wittgenstein's aspect and Köhler's sensory organization is examined.

Whose Ethics? Which Wittgenstein? | Richter | Philosophical Papers

African Journals Online (AJOL)

. I argue that we should distinguish not only between Wittgenstein's personal opinions and his philosophy, but also, within his philosophical work, between broadly methodological remarks and what Wittgenstein might call genuinely ...

Wittgenstein e Jesse Prinz: Sobre Emoções

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Juliano do Carmo

2017-02-01

Full Text Available A publicação do livro The Emotional Construction Of Morals, de Jesse Prinz, em 2007, reacendeu o debate a respeito da natureza das emoções e suas implicações importantes para a moralidade. O tema não é por certo novo, contudo, a originalidade dessa abordagem consiste justamente em tentar sustentar duas hipóteses radicais a respeito da moralidade: (1 que os valores morais estão baseados em respostas emocionais e (2 que as respostas emocionais variam de cultura para cultura. Por mais interessante que isso possa parecer, existe um obstáculo importante na posição de Prinz que precisa ser considerado antes mesmo de avaliar se seus argumentos para sustentar tais hipóteses são válidos ou não. O problema que será discutido aqui é de natureza metodológica, ou seja, trata-se de avaliar o modo como podemos de fato falar sobre emoções e o tipo de naturalismo que soa mais razoável em se tratando de uma investigação estritamente filosófica. O pano de fundo de minha abordagem é a herança autoproclamada de Prinz a respeito da teoria James-Lange das emoções e o debate entre Wittgenstein e William James sobre o uso de termos psicológicos (ou emocionais. Como veremos, há certos aspectos metodológicos na discussão de Wittgenstein com James que poderiam auxiliar na compreensão adequada deste debate.

Winch, Wittgenstein and the Idea of a Critical Social Science

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Hermansen, Jens Christian

such phenomena. In the light of new uses ofWittgenstein within social theory and recent philosophical research on Wittgenstein (that challenge the orthodoxWinchian reception of Wittgenstein), the paper discusses the prospects of a critical social science after Wittgenstein.......In "The Idea of a Social Science" and in the article "Understanding a Primitive Society" Peter Winch develops what he believes to be the implications ofWittgenstein's late philosophy for the social sciences. Inspired byWittgenstein,Winch argues for a linguistic turn. Winch's basic ontological claim...... is that social life is conceptually organised: it is organised by the ways in which language is used by members of social life. This claim has methodological implications: the social sciences are, according to Winch, conceptual studies, that is, they are studies of the concepts possessed by members of social...

Language Learning in Wittgenstein and Davidson

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Kotzee, Ben

2014-01-01

In this paper, I discuss language learning in Wittgenstein and Davidson. Starting from a remark by Bakhurst, I hold that both Wittgenstein and Davidson's philosophies of language contain responses to the problem of language learning, albeit of a different form. Following Williams, I hold that the concept of language learning can explain…

Wittgenstein as Exile: A Philosophical Topography

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Peters, Michael A.

2008-01-01

This paper argues that Wittgenstein considered himself an exile and indeed was a self-imposed exile from his native Vienna; that this condition of exile is important for understanding Wittgenstein the man and his philosophy; and that exile as a condition has become both a central characteristic condition of late modernity (as much as alienation…

Contributions to a Conceptual Ontology for Wittgenstein

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Addis, Mark; Brock, Steen; Pichler, Alois

2015-01-01

A conceptual ontology was used to semantically enrich the Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Bergen’s taxonomy for Wittgenstein Source to facilitate improved searching in the areas of the philosophies of mathematics and psychology. The classes and sub-classes of the multilingual taxonomy...

Marxova filosofická antropologie

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Landa, Ivan

2015-01-01

Roč. 63, č. 3 (2015), s. 339-355 ISSN 0015-1831 Institutional support: RVO:67985955 Keywords : Karl Marx * Ludwig Feuerbach * Ludwig Wittgenstein * human nature * anthropological difference * species being * life form * alienation Subject RIV: AA - Philosophy ; Religion

La filosofia clinica di Wittgenstein

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Lorenzo Ghirelli

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Intento del presente saggio è quello di tracciare le linee principali della filosofia di Wittgenstein definendone l’orizzonte operativo e la strategia d’azione. Seguiremo inizialmente i cambiamenti nella concezione del linguaggio e del significato del filosofo austriaco utilizzandoli come traccia per registrare le corrispondenti revisioni degli obiettivi, delle tecniche e delle forme del far filosofia da lui proposte. Cercheremo poi di analizzare la pratica filosofica prospettata dal Wittgenstein maturo evidenziandone alcuni aspetti che ci consentiranno di qualificarla come clinica.

Wittgenstein o wiedzy i pewności obiektywnej (Wittgenstein on Knowledge and Objective Certainty)

OpenAIRE

Ewa Czesna

2009-01-01

In On Certainty Wittgenstein describes the valid uses of “I know”. On the one hand, he criticizes Moore for relating “I know” to certainties (hinge propositions) of our world picture (certainties such as “I have two hands”, “The earth existed long before my birth”, “Cats do not grow on trees”). He argues (against Moore) that saying “I know that I have two hands” in standard circumstances is nonsensical since it yields no information. On the other hand, Wittgenstein himself occasionally uses t...

Wittgenstein, Frazer, and the Appels of Sodom

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Albinus, Lars

2016-01-01

En fremstilling af Wittgensteins kritik af Frazer set i lyset af hans tilsvarende kritik af Freud og Renan samt hans afstandstagen til samtidens progressionstanke.......En fremstilling af Wittgensteins kritik af Frazer set i lyset af hans tilsvarende kritik af Freud og Renan samt hans afstandstagen til samtidens progressionstanke....

Belief Systems and Language Understanding

Science.gov (United States)

1975-01-01

Sedlak (1074), Searle (1060), Gtrawson (196U), and Wittgenstein (1958). [4] (1973), Charniak (1072), ilcCarthy and Hayes (1969), HcDermott (107...in Speech Acts", Philosophical Review 73, ^39-460. Wittgenstein , Ludwig 1958 Philosophical Investigations ( New York: The Macmillan Co.) (Tr

Ludwig Tauscher (1939-2008)

CERN Multimedia

2008-01-01

Dear Colleagues, It is with deep sorrow and regret that we inform you that our colleague and friend Ludwig Tauscher passed away on Sunday 23 November after a heart attack. Ludwig studied physics at the University of Heidelberg, where he obtained his PhD in 1966. After several postdoctoral appointments at the MPI Heidelberg, and the Universities of Konstanz and Karlsruhe, he joined the University of Basel, where he became Professor of Physics in 1985. Ludwig devoted his entire professional life to teaching and experimental physics. He arrived at CERN in the early seventies, where he performed several experiments at the SC and at the PS, studying exotic atoms with various probes such as μ-, π-, K-, and Σ-. In the early eighties he searched for the production of nucleon-antinucleon bound states at the PS, a subject that was the main motivation for the construction of the LEAR storage ring. At LEAR he studied neutral meson productio...

Wittgenstein's neurophenomenology.

Science.gov (United States)

Cole, J

2007-06-01

Wittgenstein, despite being considered an analytical philosopher, has been quoted extensively by neurologists like Oliver Sacks. This paper explores how Wittgenstein, despite suggesting that science was antithetical to philosophy, made observations relevant to cognitive neuroscience. His work on the inner and the outer, the relation between language and sensation or perception, and on the embodied nature of emotion and its communication, is important for an understanding of neurological impairment beyond our experience. In some of his enigmatic short writing his insights are pertinent to patients' experience, say of pain, Capgras' Syndrome and spinal cord injury. He also made observations on movement sense, will and action. He did not engage in empirical science, nor obtain data in any conventional sense. But his genius was not confined to abstract philosophy. His powers of observation and introspection led him to explore lived experience in new ways, some of which are only now being approached empirically. The method of science, he once wrote, leads philosophy into complete darkness. Had he lived today, one hopes that even he might have changed his mind.

Wittgenstein and Hacker: Übersichtliche Darstellung

OpenAIRE

Beth Savickey

2014-01-01

The concept of übersichtliche Darstellung is of fundamental significance for Wittgenstein (PI 122). Hacker translates übersichtliche Darstellung as ‘surveyable representation’ and equates it with the tabulation of grammar. He asks what surveyability means, whether examples can be found in Wittgenstein’s work, and why this method characterizes the form of account he gives. Ultimately, however, Hacker is unable to answer these questions and he attributes this failure to Wittgenstein. This paper...

The Logical Basis of Evaluation Order and Pattern-Matching

Science.gov (United States)

2009-04-17

various people in the 1930s, particularly Wittgenstein (“It is what is regarded as the justification of an assertion that constitutes the sense of the...assertion” [ Wittgenstein , 1974, I,§40]), and Brouwer-Heyting-Kolmogorov in their interpretations of intuitionistic logic [Heyting, 1974, Kolmogorov, 1932...Technical Report CMU-CS-02-101, Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 2002. Revised May 2003. Ludwig Wittgenstein

Wittgenstein og respekten for det religiøse

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Albinus, Lars

2006-01-01

Fremstilling af den tidlige og den sene Wittgensteins forhold til det religiøse med særligt henblik på tabet af umiddelbarhed.......Fremstilling af den tidlige og den sene Wittgensteins forhold til det religiøse med særligt henblik på tabet af umiddelbarhed....

Some Main Features of Wittgenstein´s Philosophy

OpenAIRE

Brock, Steen

2006-01-01

Der er tale om to kapitler fra et bogmanuskript om Wittgensteins filosofi. Teksten laver en systematisk kobling mellem sprogfilosofien, matematikfilosofien, psykologiens filosofi og naturvidenskabs-filosofien. Two chapters from a book manuscript, where four parts of Wittgenstein´s philosophy are systematically interconnected, philosophy of language, mathematics, psychology and natural science

Some Main Features of Wittgenstein´s Philosophy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brock, Steen

Two chapters from a book manuscript, where four parts of Wittgenstein´s philosophy are systematically interconnected, philosophy of language, mathematics, psychology and natural science......Two chapters from a book manuscript, where four parts of Wittgenstein´s philosophy are systematically interconnected, philosophy of language, mathematics, psychology and natural science...

Conditions for Confirmatory Analysis and Causal Inference.

Science.gov (United States)

1982-05-03

such behavior evolved because it had survival value. Other philosophers have not been so kind in dealing with Hume’s skepticism. Wittgenstein regarded...also in many other ways." _ Ludwig Wittgenstein (1980) We begin this section by restating the third principle for the logical foundation of...study in Wittgenstein . Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1973. Dubin, R. Theory building in applied areas. In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and

Wittgenstein: an expressivist approach about emotions = Wittgenstein: uma abordagem expressivista sobre as emoções

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Carmo, Juliano Santos do

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, tem-se a intenção de mostrar que a abordagem de Wittgenstein sobre os conceitos de sensação e emoção pode lançar luz sobre muitos dilemas filosóficos que permanecem presentes no debate contemporâneo. A minha análise tem como ponto de partida a abordagem de Jesse Prinz sobre as emoções, a qual é fortemente influenciada pela teoria fisiológica de William James. Nesse sentido, procurarei mostrar que Prinz está sujeito as mesmas críticas que Wittgenstein endereçou à teoria de William James. Por fim, eu argumentarei que Wittgenstein, nas Investigações filosóficas, defendeu um tipo peculiar de expressivismo que, apesar de manter profundas diferenças com o expressivismo tradicional, é capaz de figurar como uma posição não-cognitivista. Argumentarei, adicionalmente, que o erro na teoria de William James (e, portanto, também o erro de Prinz é não considerar os múltiplos usos dos termos psicológicos (ou seja, pensar que os termos psicológicos possuem um uso uniforme

(Wittgenstein & Paraconsistência

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João Marcos

2010-04-01

Full Text Available In classical logic, a contradiction allows one to derive every other sentence of the underlying language; paraconsistent logics came relatively recently to subvert this explosive principle, by allowing for the subsistence of contradictory yet non-trivial theories. Therefore our surprise to find Wittgenstein, already at the 1930s, in comments and lectures delivered on the foundations of mathematics, as well as in other writings, counseling a certain tolerance on what concerns the presence of contradictions in a mathematical system. ‘Contradiction. Why just this spectre? This is really very suspicious.’ (Philosophical Remarks III–56 In the last decades, several authors (e.g. Arrington, Hintikka, Van Heijenoort, Wright, Wrigley have been digging into Wittgenstein’s rather non-standard standpoint on what concerns the interpretation and import of contradiction in logic and mathematics, and many other authors (e.g. da Costa, Goldstein, Granger, Marconi have been investigating the possibility of taking Wittgenstein seriously as one of the early forerunners of paraconsistency. While many advances have been made on the first front, the second set of investigations has led almost exclusively to negative results: no, no operational proposal about the construction of a logic in which (some contradictions are made inoffensive can be read from Wittgenstein’s philosophical work; in fact, it appears that the most one can find there is the exhortation for mathematicians to alter their attitude with respect to contradictions and to consistency proofs. The play is done, and one looks for a resume of the opera. This paper fills that blank, as a thorough investigation of the possible relations between Wittgenstein and paraconsistency.

The poverty of the stimulus: Quine and Wittgenstein

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O’Sullivan Michael

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Quine and Wittgenstein were dominant figures in philosophy in the middle of the twentieth century. Many readers, like Quine himself, have felt that there are deep similarities between the two thinkers, though those similarities are difficult to articulate. I argue that they share the project of understanding the meaning of utterances by reference to the environment of the speaker, though they understand that environment in radically different ways. In particular, Quine has a much thinner conception of the environment than does Wittgenstein. For Quine, the stimulus is impoverished in a way that it is not for Wittgenstein. I also argue that they share a certain deflationary approach to ontology.

“The Suffering of an Ascetic”: On Linguistic and Ascetic Self-misunderstanding in Wittgenstein and Nietzsche

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Peter K Westergaard

2016-11-01

Full Text Available This paper outlines an interpretation of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s remark in the Big Typescript in which he compares the philosopher bewitched by the workings of language to “the suffering of an ascetic”. The interpretation takes as its starting point Friedrich Nietzsche’s terse account of the philosopher, the history of philosophy, and his diagnosis of ascetic self-misunderstanding, from the Third Essay, “What do ascetic ideals mean?”, in On the Genealogy of Morality. In its assumption of an affinity between Wittgenstein’s remark and Nietzsche’s descriptions, and in its analysis, this paper introduces a “method of voice borrowing” to approach the question: “Wittgenstein and Nietzsche?” The juxtaposition of Wittgenstein’s conception of the philosopher’s linguistic self-misunderstanding with Nietzsche’s notion of the ascetic self-misunderstanding leads finally to the question of what is gained by introducing this method, and hence by reading Wittgenstein’s remark on the suffering of an ascetic with the help of Nietzsche’s voice.

DizerOUmostrar, em Wittgenstein, e A Tetralogia da Incomunicabilidade, de Antonioni

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Ana Paula Grillo El-Jaick

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Os filmes “A Aventura” (1960, “A Noite” (1961 e “O Eclipse” (1962, de Michelangelo Antonioni, não foram premeditadamente concebidos como uma trilogia, mas, ainda que à revelia do diretor, são comumente agrupados como a “Trilogia da Incomunicabilidade” – a qual alguns críticos ainda incluem “O deserto vermelho” (1964. Analisarei esse (pretenso? discurso da incomunicabilidade a partir do notório aforismo de L. Wittgenstein com que o filósofo vienense termina seu Tractatus Logico-Philosoficus: “Sobre aquilo de que não se pode falar, deve-se calar” (TLP §7 e, também, a partir da perspectiva de linguagem da segunda fase de seu pensamento, aquele expresso em suas “Investigações Filosóficas”, quando a linguagem passa a ser entendida por Wittgenstein como uma prática humana, como forma de vida. Assim, explorando o paradoxo de se comunicar a incomunicabilidade, este texto não chega a “resultados finais”; antes, abre-se para, pelo menos, dois paradoxos. Por fim, entendemos que tais paradoxos tendem a mostrar que, se é possível comunicar a incomunicabilidade, isso seria menos o triunfo da comunicação e mais um reconhecimento dos limites da linguagem. ABSTRACT Michelangelo Antonioni's “The Adventure” (1960, “The Night” (1961 and “Eclipse” (1962 were not premeditatedly conceived as a trilogy but, despite Antonioni desire, they are commonly grouped as a "trilogy on modernity and its discontents" - which some critics still include “Red Desert” (1964. I will analyze this discourse of modernity / incommunicability from L. Wittgenstein's notorious aphorism with which the Viennese philosopher ends his “Tractatus Logico-Philosoficus”: "What we cannot speak about we must pass over in silence" (TLP §7 And also from the perspective of language of the second phase of his thought, expressed in his “Philosophical Investigations”, when language comes to be understood by Wittgenstein as a human

Wittgenstein i argumentacja krytyczna

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Richard Shusterman

2016-06-01

Full Text Available In his paper Wittgenstein and Critical Reasoning, Richard Shusterman analyses the influence which Wittgensteinian aesthetics has had on contemporary criticism. Concentrating primarily on the second phase of Wittgenstein’s philosophy, Shusterman first demonstrates how the idea of language games and related concepts undermined both essentialist deductive and quasi-scientific inductive models of criticism. In place of these two approaches, Shusterman argues, Wittgensteinian aesthetics offers a new one, which he describes as perceptual-persuasive. In the next step, however, Shusterman observes that Wittgenstein’s followers often commit the very fallacy that Wittgenstein wanted to avoid, by imposing the perceptual persuasive model as the only valid solution for criticism. However, in order to be more in line with Wittgensteinian aesthetics, he argues, we should rather recognise the plurality of possibilities – perceptual-persuasive, deductive or inductive – whose choice depends on the language game currently played.

Ética y Sinsentido. Kierkegaard y Wittgenstein

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Patricia C. Dip

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Even though there are coincidences between Kierkegaard and Wittgenstein's ideas towards ethics, their projects are not identical. The main purpose of this article is to highlight that Kierkegaard's conception of ethics has nothing to do with the early Wittgenstein's understanding of it. While in the Tractatus it is not possible to develop any "ethical theory", Kierkegaard allows us to discuss from an ethical point of view. Therefore, the relationship between indirect communication and the notion of "showing" does not represent an identity.

Wittgenstein en Giddens: Een institutionele handelingstheorie gefundeerd op de latere filosofie van Wittgenstein

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Nagtegaal, C.

1999-01-01

Anthony Giddens onderscheidt zich van belangrijk geachte stromingen in de filosofie en de sociale wetenschappen. Deze verschillen zijn nog niet eerder opgemerkt. Hij volgt de algemene linguïstische duiding van de latere filosofie van Wittgenstein niet en acht het aanbrengen van een verbinding tussen

Fragile peace: Northern balance outlasts the celebrated Ludwig case

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jaremko, G.

2000-01-01

Conflicts between communities and the environment on the one hand, and industry on the other are discussed against the background of the charges against Wiebo Ludwig, chief of a religious commune at Hythe, Alberta, who stands accused of terrorist attacks against oil and gas installations. The community is divided in its opinion about Mr. Ludwig; some line up on his side saying that by doing what he did, he focused attention on flaring, and although the government will never admit it, Ludwig's actions may have been the most important factor in the government's decision to place restrictions on the practice. Others, many among them critics of the industry, bristle at the mention of Ludwig, pointing to the many benefits that the industry brought to Alberta and accusing Ludwig of upsetting a delicate balance between the farmers and the industry, which existed in a symbiotic relationship ever since oil was first discovered in the province. The fact remains that the oil industry made many farmers wealthy, and by providing employment, it saved many of the smaller and marginal farms from going under. Despite the Ludwig affair, the pace of industrial expansion has not changed in Peace country. Some 1,300 new wells, double the 1999 total, are being forecast for the area in 2000, and steady employment by oilfield service companies is being reported throughout the region

Wittgenstein and Hacker: Übersichtliche Darstellung

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Beth Savickey

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The concept of übersichtliche Darstellung is of fundamental significance for Wittgenstein (PI 122. Hacker translates übersichtliche Darstellung as ‘surveyable representation’ and equates it with the tabulation of grammar. He asks what surveyability means, whether examples can be found in Wittgenstein’s work, and why this method characterizes the form of account he gives. Ultimately, however, Hacker is unable to answer these questions and he attributes this failure to Wittgenstein. This paper argues that it is Hacker’s interpretation that fails, and presents an alternate (aesthetic understanding of übersichtliche Darstellung; one that enables us to answer Hacker’s questions in a manner consistent with Wittgenstein’s philosophical practices.

Extrañeza y escisión: Merleau Ponty, Wittgenstein y la dimensión constitutiva del cuerpo.

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Magdalena Águeda Arnao Bergero

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Como efecto de la centralidad del problema mente-cuerpo en la historia del pensamiento occidental, el cuerpo ha ocupado un lugar de extrañeza como parte de lo que, recortado de lo distintivamente humano (la razón, el entendimiento, el alma, el cogito, nada tiene que ver con nuestra subjetividad. No obstante, no ha sido lo suficientemente advertido que el supuesto epistémico/ontológico de base de dicha dicotomía ha sido el de la escisión: esto es, el de vernos a nosotros mismos como escindidos del entorno (natural, social, histórico, cultural, del propio cuerpo y de los otros. La intención del presente artículo es mostrar el modo en que las filosofías de Ludwig Wittgenstein y Merleau Ponty lograron subvertir los efectos que dicho problema ocasionó sobre los modos de comprender nuestra subjetividad y entorno, volviendo a anclar la experiencia y acción humanas al mundo compartido, pre reflexivo,  y al propio cuerpo. 

Sobre certas dissimilaridades entre as Investigações filosóficas de Wittgenstein e o behaviorismo radical de Skinner [On certain dissimilarities between Wittgenstein's Philosophical investigations and Skinner's radical behaviorism

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Tiago de Oliveira Magalhães

2017-05-01

Full Text Available A oposição ao dualismo, ao mentalismo, ao reducionismo e ao referencialismo, bem como a cuidadosa atenção dada ao comportamento, vêm sendo corretamente apontadas como similaridades entre o Behaviorismo Radical de Skinner e a filosofia tardia de Wittgenstein. Com o intuito de contribuir para uma comparação mais completa entre as obras desses autores, este artigo procura evidenciar pontos em torno dos quais eles divergem. Em linhas gerais, algumas das dissimilaridades mais significativas consistem em, contrariamente a Wittgenstein, Skinner alinhar-se à metafilosofia naturalista, dar ênfase à natureza empírica e pragmática do conhecimento, defender a possibilidade de compreensão da normatividade e da racionalidade em termos de regularidades factuais, adotar uma postura eliminativista diante da linguagem comum e empregar o conceito de eventos privados. [The opposition to dualism, mentalism, reductionism and referentialism, as well as the careful attention given to behavior, has been correctly indicated as similarities between Skinner’s Radical Behaviorism and Wittgenstein’s late philosophy. In order to concur to a more complete comparison, this work attempts to highlight points around which these authors diverge. Broadly, some of the most significant dissimilarities are related to the fact that, unlike Wittgenstein, Skinner embraces a naturalist metaphilosophy, emphasizes the empirical and pragmatic nature of knowledge, defends the possibility of understanding normativity and rationality in terms of factual regularities, adopts an eliminativist stance towards common language and makes use of the concept of private events.

THE SAYING / SHOWING DISTINCTION AGAINST THE NEW WITTGENSTEIN MOSTRAR E DIZER CONTRA A NOVA LEITURA

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Bernardo Alonso

2011-03-01

Full Text Available The aim of this work is to preserve the saying / showing tractarian distinction from the New Wittgenstein reading, which defends, among other things, that the Tractatus contains only strings of plain nonsense. The author presents a brief exposition of the language system of the Tractatus. Than he tries to interrelate three core theses, the analyticity theses, the contingency theses and the independency theses as unified by the picture theory. The latter provides the account of an elementary proposition, subject to the constraint that a proposition must show its sense. This work recognizes (without evaluating the late Wittgenstein's objections, but also recognizes that those objections relate to important philosophical theses, not to pure nonsense.O objetivo deste trabalho é salvaguardar a distinção dizer / mostrar da leitura New Wittgenstein, a qual defende, entre outras coisas, que o Tractatus contém apenas linhas de puro nonsense. O autor apresenta uma breve exposição do sistema de linguagem do Tractatus. Depois tenta inter-relacionar três teses centrais, a tese da Analiticidade, a tese da Independência e a tese da Contingência como unificadas pela Teoria da Figuração. Esta fornece uma explicação para uma proposição elementar, sujeita à restrição de que uma proposição deve mostrar o seu sentido. Este artigo reconhece (sem avaliar as objeções do segundo Wittgenstein, mas reconhece também que tais objeções referem-se a teses filosóficas, não puro nonsense. hilosophical theses, not to pure nonsense.

Wittgenstein's personality and his relations with Freud's thought.

Science.gov (United States)

Mancia, Mauro

2002-02-01

In this contribution the author examines the connections between Wittgenstein's personality and his attitude to Freud's psychoanalytic theories in the light of biographies of the philosopher, published exchanges of letters between him and his sisters, his 'secret' diaries from the time of the First World War, his diaries from the nineteen-thirties and the writings in which he discusses Freud and psychoanalysis. The paper quotes liberally from all these sources. Following an account of Wittgenstein's cultural and family background in Vienna and his subsequent peripatetic life, hypotheses are presented concerning his personality, sexuality and 'internal' theology, together with some ideas about his relationship with his family (in particular, his parents and sisters) and his critique of Freud's theories, with particular reference to dreams and their interpretation. Wittgenstein emerges as a highly original philosopher who is, however, emotionally disturbed and restless. His personality is found to have narcissistic aspects that moulded his behaviour and thought, and the author contends that his mental suffering caused him to apply psychological and psychoanalytic categories to his philosophy.

Wittgenstein and Stage-Setting: Being Brought into the Space of Reasons

Science.gov (United States)

Simpson, David

2014-01-01

Wittgenstein constantly invokes teaching, training and learning in his later work. It is therefore interesting to consider what role these notions play for him there. I argue that their use is central to Wittgenstein's attempt to refute cognitivist assumptions, and to show how normative practices can be understood without the threat of…

Intersubjectivity in Wittgenstein and Freud: other minds and the foundations of psychiatry.

Science.gov (United States)

Loizzo, J

1997-12-01

Intersubjectivity, the cooperation of two or more minds, is basic to human behavior, yet eludes the grasp of psychiatry. This paper traces the dilemma to the "problem of other minds" assumed with the epistemologies of modern science. It presents the solution of Wittgenstein's later philosophy, known for his treatment of other minds in terms of "human agreement in language." Unlike recent studies of "Wittgenstein's psychology," this one reviews the Philosophical Investigations' "private language argument," the crux of his mature views on mind. It reads that argument as recording his shift from the modern egocentric paradigm of mind to an intersubjective one. The paper contrasts the merits of Wittgenstein's reduction of subject and object to grammar with the problems of Freud's metapsychological reduction. It shows how Wittgenstein's intersubjective method avoids the excesses of behaviorism and phenomenology, offering a specifically human way to adapt mechanistic and interpretive means to the communicative ends of psychiatry.

Ludwig's angina after severe thrombocytopenic purpura associated with dengue fever

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Maria Antonia Campos

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Here, we report a case of Ludwig's angina, which required surgery because of toothache. The patient had dengue and severe thrombocytopenia as confirmed by clinical and laboratory diagnoses. However, dengue is not included among the predisposing factors for Ludwig's angina.

Wittgenstein on “Beautiful” and “The Beautiful”

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Gabriele Tomasi

2013-05-01

Full Text Available In an entry in his Notebooks 1914-1916 Wittgenstein appears to give some credit to the idea widespread in modern aesthetics that «the end of art is the beautiful »: «[…] there is certainly something» – he writes – in this conception. And he comments on: «[…] the beautiful is what makes happy » (NB 21.10.16. Maybe influenced by Tolstoy, who wrote that «people will come to understand the meaning of art only when they cease to consider that the aim of that activity is beauty, i.e. pleasure», Wittgenstein does not adopt the idea without reservations. However, he admits that there is some validity to it. Therefore what we read in his Lectures on Aesthetics (1938 is rather intriguing: «It is remarkable that in real life, when aesthetic judgments are made, aesthetic adjectives such as ‘beautiful’, ‘fine’, etc., play hardly any role at all» (LE, I, 8. Why is this a remarkable fact? Is it because, in spite of beauty being the aim of art, when aesthetic judgments are made, the predicate ‘is beautiful’ plays a marginal role? And if this is the case, why is the supposed end of art almost neglected in art appreciation? Or is Wittgenstein simply bringing a word back from its metaphysical to its everyday use here (cf. PI, 116? I will argue that, while in the Notebooks entry Wittgenstein tells us something important on what makes an aesthetic experience a valuable experience and/or an experience of value, in the Lectures the topic is a bit different. Wittgenstein is talking about the appreciation of objects and works of art, about the ways we aesthetically react to them. I will focus on this shift in point of view and on a distinction introduced in the Lectures between approval and appreciation. It is in the light of this distinction, that we can understand the observation about the unimportance of ‘beautiful’ in aesthetic judgment. In the final part of my talk I will argue that, contrary to this opinion, the adjective �

Wittgenstein's True Thoughts

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Andrew Lugg

2013-03-01

Full Text Available The central remarks of the Tractatus are without substantial content or consequence, remarks at the boundaries of sense that dissolve into truth.  While they say nothing, they encapsulate logical features of the language and the world.  Unasserted, they express thoughts, the truth of which Wittgenstein takes to be unassailable and definitive.  Asserted, they are out-and-out nonsense.  What is manifest in linguistic practice is no more sayable – and no less significant – than what is manifest in logical truths, mathematical equations and the principles of mechanics.

Sigtuna Think Piece 5

African Journals Online (AJOL)

developed an approach inspired by the later works of Ludwig Wittgenstein ... A moral reaction is a personal, immediate, spontaneous emotional reaction that ... call rational ideas and thoughts about moral reactions, moral dilemmas or moral.

Technology Games: Using Wittgenstein for Understanding and Evaluating Technology.

Science.gov (United States)

Coeckelbergh, Mark

2017-08-15

In the philosophy of technology after the empirical turn, little attention has been paid to language and its relation to technology. In this programmatic and explorative paper, it is proposed to use the later Wittgenstein, not only to pay more attention to language use in philosophy of technology, but also to rethink technology itself-at least technology in its aspect of tool, technology-in-use. This is done by outlining a working account of Wittgenstein's view of language (as articulated mainly in the Investigations) and by then applying that account to technology-turning around Wittgenstein's metaphor of the toolbox. Using Wittgenstein's concepts of language games and form of life and coining the term 'technology games', the paper proposes and argues for a use-oriented, holistic, transcendental, social, and historical approach to technology which is empirically but also normatively sensitive, and which takes into account implicit knowledge and know-how. It gives examples of interaction with social robots to support the relevance of this project for understanding and evaluating today's technologies, makes comparisons with authors in philosophy of technology such as Winner and Ihde, and sketches the contours of a phenomenology and hermeneutics of technology use that may help us to understand but also to gain a more critical relation to specific uses of concrete technologies in everyday contexts. Ultimately, given the holism argued for, it also promises a more critical relation to the games and forms of life technologies are embedded in-to the ways we do things.

Moral Realism and Anti-Realism in Later Wittgenstein

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A Sabramiz

2011-09-01

Full Text Available By emphasis on cognitive aspect of moral realism, this article surveys various divisions in moral realism and anti-realism and, regarding later Wittgenstein's courses, it explores his views about this matter. Thus, after a short description of Wittgenstein’s courses in Philosophical Investigations which are related to this topic, ideas of his commentators in this area are studied. Since moral realism has a firm relation with cognitive and non-cognitive discussion in meta-moral, thus later Wittgenstein’s view about this topic is also investigated. At the end, it is shown that calling Wittgenstein a realist or anti-realist is due to the wrong usage of reality grammar and he cannot be categorized as such.

Does Wittgenstein Actually Undermine the Foundation of Artificial Intelligence?

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

XU Yingjin

2016-01-01

Wittgenstein is widely viewed as a potential critic of a key philosophical assumption of the Strong Artificial Intelligence (AI) thesis,namely,that it is in principle possible to build a programmed machine which can achieve real intelligence.Stuart Shanker has provided the most systematic reconstruction of the Wittgensteinian argument against AI,building on Wittgenstein's own statements,the "rule-following" feature of language-games,and the putative alliance between AI and psychologism.This article will attempt to refute this reconstruction and its constituent arguments,thereby paving the way for a new and amicable rather than agonistic conception of the Wittgensteinian position on AI.

Madkultur i skolen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brock, Steen; Christensen, Anne-Marie Søndergaard

2016-01-01

Artiklen belyser etiske problemstillinger omkrig dette at spise i skoletiden, på baggrund af Jürgen Habermas og Ludwig Wittgensteins respektive moralopfattelser. I særlig grad tematiseres forholdet mellem medborgerskab og verdensborgerskab, samt etikkens eksistentielle dimensioner...

A Interpretação de Putnam das Palestras sobre Crença Religiosa de Wittgenstein

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Alison Vander Mandeli

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Neste texto, discutiremos a proposta interpretativa de Putnam das Palestras sobre crença religiosa (Palestras de Wittgenstein. Em dois artigos de 1992, Putnam discute esse complexo texto do corpus wittgensteiniano. As Palestras são apenas anotações de alunos, recolhidas e publicadas por Cyril Barret em 1966. São difíceis de ser compreendidas dado que o texto é fragmentado, incompleto, algumas vezes até não gramatical. Em certas passagens não fica claro se a ideia transmitida é de Wittgenstein ou de algum dos interlocutores. Por estar em um período transicional, no qual as ideias maduras de Wittgenstein estão ainda em desenvolvimento, as Palestras são de extrema importância para os interessados em uma interpretação mais precisa da obra wittgensteiniana. Obviamente, além da importância exegética e histórica, o texto pode ser estudado devido ao tema: crença e linguagem religiosa. Aqueles que se ocupam com filosofia da religião, se querem compreender as visões de Wittgenstein sobre o tema, precisam necessariamente passar pelas Palestras, pois é o texto onde o assunto é tratado de forma mais direta e com certa continuidade. Dividiremos o texto em dois momentos: primeiramente discutiremos algumas das ideias contidas nas Palestras, principalmente a concepção de que, apesar das aparências, crentes e não-crentes religiosos não estariam contradizendo um ao outro. No segundo momento, apresentaremos e discutiremos a forma pela qual Putnam refuta duas interpretações prima facie plausíveis das Palestras: uma interpretação via incomensurabilidade entre o discurso religioso e não religioso e uma interpretação emotivista da linguagem religiosa. A exegese de Putnam é negativa, no sentido de nos mostrar como não compreender a linguagem religiosa através de lentes wittgensteinianas.Palavras-chave: Linguagem religiosa – Incomensurabilidade - Emotivismo

Management of Ludwig's angina in pregnancy: a review of 10 cases ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: Ludwig's angina is a rapidly spreading cellulitis that may produce upper airway obstruction often leading to death. Aim: The present paper reviews the management of Ludwig's angina in the third trimester of pregnancy. The inherent dangers to the mother and her unborn child are highlighted. Materials and ...

Before and after the investigations: Wittgenstein on the origin and end of philosophy

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Sladeček Michal

2009-01-01

Full Text Available This paper points to the relation between Wittgenstein's position and Kant's transcendental dialectics with regard to the nature of philosophical problems and their roots in language, thinking and affinities of humans. Related to this, there is the question of function of philosophy which involves the removal of these problems, according to both authors. The author supports the thesis that, when it comes to Wittgenstein, it cannot be discussed about the end of philosophy if he considers that there is the natural affinity towards philosophical errors, the cause of which is the complexity of language. Therefore, the author criticizes the view according to which Wittgenstein speaks about antiphilosophy, that is, about the negative meaning of philosophical thought.

Moments in the Modern History of the Language Sciences.

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Swales, John M.

1999-01-01

Discusses the beginning of the ascendancy of the language sciences in the past 50 years to become the "queen" of social studies. Focuses on contributions by Mikhail Bakhtin, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Noam Chomsky, Erving Goffman, and Michael Halliday. (SC)

Kripke’s Wittgenstein, factualism and meaning

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Alexander Miller

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The paper provides a detailed discussion of George Wilson’s factualist interpretation of Saul Kripke’s Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language and presents a new non-factualist interpretation. After exposition of Wilson’s construal of Kripke’s Wittgenstein’s sceptical argument and sceptical solution, it is argued that this interpretation ultimately fails. Two possible interpretations of Wilson’s Kripke’s Wittgenstein’s meaning-fact are considered; one of them is based on Kripke’s Wittgenstein’s remarks on normative conditionals, and the other involves minimalism. It is claimed that on either of these interpretations the meaning-fact proposed by Wilson falls prey to Kripke’s Wittgenstein’s sceptical argument. Regardless of this, it is admitted that Wilson’s factualist interpretation has important advantages. One of them is that it highlights the importance of distinguishing between basic sceptical conclusion and radical sceptical conclusion. In concluding sections a new non-factualist interpretation of Kripke’s Wittgenstein is proposed that preserves this distinction and some other benefits claimed by Wilson for his interpretation.

The Rudiments of Language.

Science.gov (United States)

Canfield, John V.

1995-01-01

Discusses the question of whether nonhuman species, such as apes, possess rudimentary language, focusing on the ideas of Ludwig Wittgenstein and Noam Chomsky in regard to the development of oral language in young children and apes. (51 references) (MDM)

Construindo a noção de sintoma: articulações entre psicanálise e pragmática

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Ana Carolina Silva

Full Text Available Resumo Este trabalho pretende identificar pontos de aproximação entre a psicanálise e os estudos sobre a linguagem presentes na obra do filósofo austríaco Ludwig Wittgenstein. Para tal, parte-se da construção da noção de sintoma, sua definição no campo médico e psiquiátrico até sua demarcação no campo psicanalítico, elemento que só se define por sua relação com as práticas discursivas do sujeito. Ao introduzir a noção de jogos de linguagem, Wittgenstein destaca o caráter pragmático da linguagem: as regras de uso estabelecidas em determinado contexto conferem o significado a uma expressão linguística. Se para a psicanálise o sintoma implica uma articulação simbólica, é na relação entre significantes, própria do jogo linguístico, que se estabelecem as possibilidades de significação do próprio sujeito.

Ludwig Boltzmann: Atomic genius

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cercignani, C. [Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano (Italy)]. E-mail: carcer@mate.polimi.it

2006-09-15

On the centenary of the death of Ludwig Boltzmann, Carlo Cercignani examines the immense contributions of the man who pioneered our understanding of the atomic nature of matter. The man who first gave a convincing explanation of the irreversibility of the macroscopic world and the symmetry of the laws of physics was the Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, who tragically committed suicide 100 years ago this month. One of the key figures in the development of the atomic theory of matter, Boltzmann's fame will be forever linked to two fundamental contributions to science. The first was his interpretation of 'entropy' as a mathematically well-defined measure of the disorder of atoms. The second was his derivation of what is now known as the Boltzmann equation, which describes the statistical properties of a gas as made up of molecules. The equation, which described for the first time how a probability can evolve with time, allowed Boltzmann to explain why macroscopic phenomena are irreversible. The key point is that while microscopic objects like atoms can behave reversibly, we never see broken coffee cups reforming because it would involve a long series of highly improbable interactions - and not because it is forbidden by the laws of physics. (U.K.)

Wittgenstein, Social Views and Intransitive Learning

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Bøyum, Steinar

2013-01-01

Wittgenstein often refers to matters of learning, and there have been efforts to extract a social conception of learning from his writings. In the first half of this article, I look at three such efforts, those of Meredith Williams, Christopher Winch, and David Bakhurst, and I say why I think these efforts fail. As I go on to argue, though, there…

Pourquoi le Grundgedanke (T. 4.0312 de Wittgenstein est si “Fondamental”?

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André Leclerc

1998-12-01

Full Text Available La pensée fondamentale de Wittgenstein affirme que les constantes logiques ne représentent pas, ne fonctionnent pas sémantiquement comme des noms. En apparence triviale, cette pensée, nous le montrerons, à des ramifications étonnantes dans la philosophie du premier Wittgenstein, en particulier en ce qui concerne sa conception de la logique. Notre but est d'interpréter l'aphorisme en question (T. 4.0312 en montrant comment il se rapporte aux thèses et théories les plus importantes du Tractatus, et comment il permet de les faire tenir ensemble d'une façon cohérente, justifiant par là son caractère "fondamental". Nous tentons également d'apporter une réponse aux questions suivantes : les propositions complexes sont-elles encore - comme les propositions atomiques - des "images" de la réalité ? et quelle est cette "logique des faits" dont parle Wittgenstein dans l'aphorisme sous examen ?

On Standard and Taste. Wittgenstein and Aesthetic Judgment

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Jean-Pierre Cometti

2013-05-01

Full Text Available The question of aesthetic judgment is related to a lot of paradoxes that have marked sustainably the reflection on arts, and even arts as such during their modern history. These paradoxes have found a first formulation, apparently clear, in the very famous Hume's essay: "On the standard of taste", but without to lead to a real resolution. In this paper, I would like to approach the question of Hume by starting from what Wittgenstein suggested about aesthetic judgment in his Cambridge lectures. To this end, I will try to give a wittgensteinian reading of Hume's essay, in order to show that though the question of aesthetic judgment makes certainly sense, the way of considering it - like the way Kant shall consider it later - can be regarded as typical of difficulties Wittgenstein tried to overcome in his investigations on rules. By giving an alternative formulation to this question, we should be able to examine differently the problems of the aesthetic judgment, to underline more precisely the originality of Wittgenstein's approach, and perhaps to better grasp what are its consequences, not only for a better comprehension of the relationship between Wittgenstein’s philosophy and art, but for the type of perplexity to which we must face everytime we meet the paradox inherent to the question of aesthetic appreciation as such: how can we conceive the very idea of a standard involving a normative meaning without making to faint what gives to a work of art its value. We shall see that Wittgenstein’s suggestions, though their contribution to a better understanding of this question is still affected by some ambiguities, are to be reconsidered under the light of his anti-essentialism, and that these ambiguities can be dissipated by dissociating, on one hand, what belongs to his own tastes or to his related thoughts and on the other hand what we can conceive through the ways which were opened by his philosophy beyond his personal inclinations. Despite

Wittgenstein and the linguistic turn in social theory

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hermansen, Jens Christian

of Winch in social theory, the wider and more recent influence of Wittgenstein in areas such as technology and science studies, social theory, feminist and gender studies and conversation and discourse analysis is also considered. Historically, the readings of Wittgenstein in the social sciences have taken...... of the linguistic turn in social theory, the linguistic turn is a double-edged sword of both profound insights and limits; the claim is that the limits of the linguistic turn are the strengths of functionalist, structuralist and materialist approaches to the social sciences. The approach of the critical turn...... is to develop a more comprehensive social theory that is sensitive to these strengths and thus supersedes the limits of the linguistic turn. This paper suggests a different approach. Against the critical turn, the paper argues that the limits of the linguistic turn are identical with the very assumptions...

Religion as a philosophical matter

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Albinus, Lars

with groundbreaking thoughts about culture and a basic human 'conditionality' among interwar philosophers such as Ernst Cassirer, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Walter Benjamin, and Martin Heidegger. Finally it draws a line to Jean-Luc Nancy’s deconstruction of Christianity which can also be seen as a deconstruction...

Dialogical Grammar: Varieties of Dialogue in Wittgenstein's Methodology

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Lemberger, Dorit

2015-01-01

The dialogical character of Wittgenstein's "Philosophical Investigations" has received scant attention in the literature, given the work's status in his total oeuvre, and is dismissed as a marginal as compared to the other differences between the "Tractatus" and the "Investigations." The main lines of interpretation…

A CASE OF LUDWiG ANGiNA ENDING WITH MORTALITY

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Abdullah Onur Goksel

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Ludwig angina is a serious infection which is defines as edema, quickly progressing gangrenous sellulitis of soft tissues in neck and flor of the mouth. Airway obstruction is the most common cause of death. We present a case who applied to our outpatient clinic with a swelling under jaw and neck and was dignosed a a Ludwig Anjina. Broad spectrum antibiotherapy was given and followed without tracheotomy. He died because of cardiac arrest. [J Contemp Med 2013; 3(2.000: 112-115

[Carl Ludwig and his place in the history of kidney physiology].

Science.gov (United States)

From, Jesper

2015-01-01

Only very little was known about the physiology of the kidneys until the middle of the 19th century. The turning point came in 1842 when the famous German physiologist and physician Carl Ludwig (1816-1895) presented a theory about a two-step process (filtration and reabsorption) leading to the excretion of urine. This paper turns the highlights on Ludwig and the period in which he lived. It also tells the story about the anatomical studies in the 17th century and the chemical approaches to urine and kidney physiology in the 18th century preceding the research of Carl Ludwig. The theory of filtration and reabsorption was opposed by another theory (the secretion theory) regarding the kidney as a gland, like for instance the salivary glands. The origin of this theory can be dated back to Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694) in the Renaissance, but it was carried further on by William Bowman (1816-1892) and especially Rudolph Heidenhain (1834-1897) in the 19th century. The research in the 1920's and 1930's marked the end of the fight between the two theories. It proofed that Ludwig was right and it gave him posthumously the recognition that he all the time had deserved.

Methodological solipsism and kaleidoscopic worlds of Ludwig Mauritz Lachmann

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Bazhenov Grigory, A.

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Among the Austrians fifth generation occupies a special place disciple of Friedrich A. von Hayek, economist, distracting from the overall flow of the Austrians, Ludwig M. Lachmann. Using the framework of his theory of the fundamental assumptions of the Austrian School (individualism, subjectivism, Lachmann did not try to pull them under the base of normative conclusions about the structure of the economic system of society, but rather, an attempt to build a more rigorous theory of the social world order. German economist, recognizing the importance of the concept of subjective value, pay attention to its insufficiency and stressed the need to incorporate to construct a theory of subjectivity expectations that brings his views with the views of John Maynard Keynes. Following George Shackle Ludwig Lachmann believes that the economy is similar to a kaleidoscope: the elements of economic reality are in constant rearrangement, creating continuously changing each other short-lived and unstable patterns. The author of the paper analyzes the concepts and ideas of Ludwig M. Lachmann, noting both the strengths and weaknesses of his theory. The author shows the importance of the theoretical development of the German economist for modern economics.

The World of Instruction: Undertaking the Impossible

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Laverty, Megan J.

2014-01-01

Throughout history, philosophers have reflected on educational questions. Some of their ideas emerged in defense of, or opposition to, skepticism about the possibility of formal teaching and learning. These philosophers include Plato, Augustine, St Thomas Aquinas, Søren Kierkegaard, Martin Heidegger, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. Together, they…

Entre o dizer e o mostrar: Wittgenstein sobre a Ética e os valores

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Vinicius de Faria dos Santos

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Viso neste artigo formular argumentos a partir do Primeiro Wittgenstein sobre a indizibilidade dos valores éticos tal qual exposto no Tractatus Logico-philosophicus e em sua Lecture On Ethics. Para tanto, far-se-á necessário remontar à defesa da autonomia da lógica e da linguagem frente aos fatos do mundo assim como à distinção, fundamental à filosofia do autor, entre dizer e mostrar com o objetivo de esclarecer, ao fim deste estudo, em que medida os valores absolutos residem no “Místico” e às tentativas de teorização quer morais ou éticas é denunciado o completo nonsense e prescrito o silêncio absoluto.

Why First Language Learning Is Not Second Language Learning--Wittgenstein's Rejection of St. Augustine's Conception of Learning.

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Erneling, Christina

1993-01-01

Paper shows that Wittgenstein, in discussing ostensive definition, understanding, and the private language argument, attacks Saint Augustine's notion of learning. Recently, the Augustinian conception has been resurrected in cognitive theories postulating an innate language of thought, making Wittgenstein's claims that this conception of learning…

Semantic Elements in Deep Structures as Seen from a Modernist Definition of Clarity.

Science.gov (United States)

Lemke, Alan

Typically, teachers approach ambiguity in student writing by suggesting that students focus on diction, syntax, and writing format; however, the works of modernists (including T.S. Eliot, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Karl Marx, and Pablo Picasso) suggest the importance of conceptions of semantic clarity. Transformational models for syntactic elements in…

Somaesthetic Training, Aesthetics, Ethics, and the Politics of Difference in Richard Shusterman's "Body Consciousness"

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Powell, Kimberly

2010-01-01

In this essay, the author first addresses the theme of disciplined somatic training and its relationship to self-awareness and transformation. Her attention is focused specifically on the chapter on Ludwig Wittgenstein, in which Richard Shusterman presents and then elaborates upon the philosopher's connections between conscious bodily feelings and…

Differentially Positioned Language Games: Ethnomathematics from a Philosophical Perspective

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Knijnik, Gelsa

2012-01-01

This paper discusses a new philosophical perspective for ethnomathematics which articulates Ludwig Wittgenstein's and Michel Foucault's theoretical notions. It is conceived as a theoretical toolbox which allows the analysis of, on the one hand, the mathematical language games of different forms of life and their family resemblances and, on the…

Examples as Method? My Attempts to Understand Assessment and Fairness (in the Spirit of the Later Wittgenstein)

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Davis, Andrew

2009-01-01

What is "fairness" in the context of educational assessment? I apply this question to a number of contemporary educational assessment practices and policies. My approach to philosophy of education owes much to Wittgenstein. A commentary set apart from the main body of the paper focuses on my style of philosophising. Wittgenstein teaches us to…

Was ein Wort bedeutet, kann ein Satz nicht sagen: Zur Bedeutung der Terminologiearbeit für die Technische Kommunikation und das Fachtextübersetzen

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Klaus-Dirk Schmitz

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Einleitung: Dieser Beitrag geht von einem Zitat des österreichisch-britischen Philosophen Ludwig Wittgenstein aus und bezeiht sich auf seine Aussagen über Wörter und Sätze. Zielsetzung: Analyse und Diskussion der Relevanz von WittgensteinsAussage für die Terminologiearbeit in der Technischen Kommunikation und beim Fachübersetzen. Methode: Kritische Analyse und Betrachtung. Ergebnis: Neben den terminologischen Grundbegriffen Begriff, Benennung und Gegenstand werden vor allem die Definition als Begriffsbeschreibung sowie die Kriterien zur Bildung von Benennungen untersucht. Schlussfolgerung: Das Zitat von Wittgenstein lässt viele Interpretationen zu. Für die Technische Kommunikation und das Fachübersetzen muss aber die Definition (Satz den Begriff hinter der Benennung (Wort erklären. Idealerweise ist aber die Benennung so transparent, dass dadurch schon die Begriffsklärung erfolgt.

A model of Piron's preparation-question structures in Ludwig's selection structures

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Cattaneo, Gianpiero; Nisticò, Giuseppe

1993-03-01

We give a model of the basic Jauch-Piron (JP) approach to quantum physics, i.e., of “preparation-question structure” (with four basic axioms and without axioms C, P, A), in terms of Ludwig's “selection structure”; in the latter structure the primitive notion of “individual sample” of a physical entity is formally described (without making reference to any probability concept). Once we interpret Piron's concept of “question” in Ludwig's context of a selection structure, we find that there is no difficulty in formalizing notions such as “performable together questions”; moreover, results such as “ α ˜˜= α” or “( αδ Β)˜= α ˜▽ Β˜” can be formally proved. We develop the theory along the lines of the JP approach; the set of JP propositions is derived and it turns out to be a complete lattice, as happens in Piron's theory, but with a different physical interpretation of the lattice operations. Finally, we study some connections between the standard Ludwig foundation and our approach.

Den filosofiske krimi. Med særligt fokus på Henning Mortensens Sondrup-trilogi

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Kim Toft

2008-01-01

Når man starter en roman med et citat af filosoffen Ludwig Wittgenstein, er tonen allerede slået an. Lader man dernæst en mand finde dolket, bliver det hurtigt tydeligt, hvor vi befinder os: kriminalromanens sprossede skygge. Men hos den danske forfatter Henning Mortensen falder skyggerne på en...

Somaesthetics and Racism: Toward an Embodied Pedagogy of Difference

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Granger, David A.

2010-01-01

This paper begins by examining the architectonics of the body and the mind-body relationship in the work of John Dewey, Michel Foucault, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. In doing so, it utilizes philosopher Richard Shusterman's analytic somaesthetics to expose the way racist ideology is covertly materialized and preserved through encoding in somatic norms…

Silence, an Eye of Knowledge

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Aghamohammadi, Mehdi

2017-01-01

One of the conspicuous features of the twentieth-century West was silence. This idea could be supported by examining reflections of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Fritz Mauthner, John Cage, Samuel Beckett, Ihab Hassan, Franz Kafka, Wassily Kandinsky, Jean-Paul Sartre, Virginia Woolf, Wolfgang Iser, Jacques Derrida, and Pierre Macherey. To me, silence is not…

Ethics in the Light Of Wittgenstein | Mulhall | Philosophical Papers

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This paper examines a number of ways in which Wittgenstein's later philosophical method has been appropriated for moral philosophy. The work of Paul Johnston, Sabina Lovibond and Cora Diamond is discussed in relation to the following questions. Is there a sustainable distinction between ethics and meta-ethics (in the ...

Beethoven, Ludwig van: Violinkonzert D-Dur op. 61

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

1997-01-01

Uuest heliplaadist "Beethoven, Ludwig van: Violinkonzert D-Dur op. 61 (Kadenz: Alfred Schnittke). Romanzen für Violine und Orchester op. 40 und 50. Estonian National Symphony Orchestra, Arvo Volmer". Globe GLO 5155, distribution Talis (CD:153F). 1996. TT:1h 01'56"

Algunas observaciones sobre la religión y su lenguaje en el segundo Wittgenstein

OpenAIRE

Ortega Álvarez, Manuel

2009-01-01

A partir de las tesis referentes al lenguaje en las Investigaciones filosóficas, se analiza la manera en que Wittgenstein comprende el lenguaje religioso, especialmente en las Lecciones y conversaciones sobre estética, psicología y creencia religiosa. Al final del artículo se sostiene que el pluralismo que le otorga el segundo Wittgenstein al lenguaje, puede ser un elemento que favorezca un discurso religioso-teológico inclusivo y plural, en continua revisión y cambio, y en diálogo constante ...

University Observatory, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität

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Murdin, P.

2000-11-01

The University Observatory of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität was founded in 1816. Astronomers who worked or graduated at the Munich Observatory include: Fraunhofer, Soldner, Lamont, Seeliger and Karl Schwarzschild. At present four professors and ten staff astronomers work here. Funding comes from the Bavarian Government, the German Science Foundation, and other German and European research progra...

Ludwig Boltzmann - pioneer of atomistics and evolution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stiller, W.

1986-01-01

At first a short introduction to Ludwig Boltzmann's life (1844 - 1906) and work is given. Some theoretical results of his work (H-theorem, classical Boltzmann statistics, Boltzmann's kinetic equation) are treated in detail. His experimental work is briefly discussed. In addition Boltzmann's philosophical work is characterized. Finally, the influence of Boltzmann's ideas on our time is investigated. (author)

The Influence of Ernst Mach and Ludwig Boltzmann on Albert Einstein

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Broda, E.

1979-01-01

This document, written by Engelbert Broda in 1979, analyses the influence of Ernst Mach and Ludwig Boltzmann on Albert Einstein. Broda describes how Einstein and his scientific thinking benefited from Mach’s criticism on classical mechanics and its basic concepts like absolute time and absolute space. This criticism encouraged Einstein in the time he worked on his special relativity. On the other side Broda writes about the influence of Ludwig Boltzman, an atomist, whose scientific work and research prepared the ground for Einsteins work on the quantum-structure of electromagnetic radiation or the discovery of the photoelectric effect. (nowak)

Identity, Language and Theology for the Proclamation of the Gospel

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Goitia Padilla, Francisco Javier

2012-01-01

This dissertation is a linguistic approach to theology informed by the philosophical work of Ludwig Wittgenstein. It is situated in the construction of Puerto Rican identity in the elliptic Puerto Rican geography of the island and the Puerto Rican immigration settlements on the mainland. Its goal is the truthful proclamation of the Gospel to the…

"I Knew Jean-Paul Sartre": Philosophy of Education as Comedy

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Griffiths, Morwenna; Peters, Michael A.

2014-01-01

Ludwig Wittgenstein suggests that "A serious and good philosophical work could be written consisting entirely of jokes". The idea for this dialogue comes from a conversation that Michael Peters and Morwenna Griffiths had at the Philosophy of Education of Great Britain annual meeting at the University of Oxford, 2011. It was sparked by an…

Resenha do Livro: “Etnomatemática em movimento”-Gelsa Knijnik Fernanda Wanderer-Ieda M. Giongo- Claudia G. Duarte- Ed. Autêntica-Coleção Tendências em Educação Matemática, 2012

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Marco Aurélio Kistemann Jr.

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Nesta resenha apresentamos o mais novo livro da Coleção Tendências em Educação Matemática no qual as autoras retomam questões do pensamento etnomatemático, colocando-o em movimento, apoiando-se nos pensamentos dos filósofos Michel Foucault e Ludwig Wittgenstein para propor ideias e valorizar novas formulações visando à gênese de distintos modos de escolarização, além dos já reificados nas práticas escolares e curriculares, com base numa perspectiva etnomatemática abordada em diversos contextos, identificando os jogos de linguagem matemáticos, muitas vezes secundarizados ou marginalizados nas práticas pedagógicas em curso.

[Delocalizing the mind. Peirce, James, Wittgenstein, Descombes].

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Chauviré, Christiane

2010-01-01

The cognitive sciences have breathed fresh air into the old problem of localizing mental functions, which was often laughed off. Regarding the most philosophical form of the question on the localization of the mind, authors such as Peirce, James, Wittgenstein, and most recently Descombes have imagined delocalizing the mind in order to spread the conviction that the idea itself of a location of the mental is meaningless and to criticize the localisationism of today's cognitive scientists.

Wittgenstein for Adolescents? Post-Foundational Epistemology in High School Philosophy

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Stickney, Jeff A.

2014-01-01

Drawing on experience teaching secondary philosophy students, I investigate meaningful engagement with Wittgenstein in a Grade 12 epistemology unit. The premise is that without some introduction to landmark philosophers of the early twentieth century, students are left out of many contemporary philosophical conversations: linguistic idealism or…

Seeing Connections: Reason, Faith, and Education

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Harris, Suzy

2015-01-01

The article explores some of the congruencies of thought and resonances in phrasing in the work of Janet Erskine Stuart, John Henry Newman and Ludwig Wittgenstein. These three writers have in common their resistance to philosophers of religion who are preoccupied with proposing arguments for the existence of God and grounds for believing in God.…

A Challenge to Ludwig von Mises’s Theory of Probability

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Mark R. Crovelli

2010-10-01

Full Text Available The most interesting and completely overlooked aspect of Ludwig von Mises’s theory of probability is the total absence of any explicit definition for probability in his theory. This paper examines Mises’s theory of probability in light of the fact that his theory possesses no definition for probability. It is argued, first, that Mises’s theory differs in important respects from his brother’s famous theory of probability. A defense of the subjective definition for probability is then provided, which is subsequently used to critique Ludwig von Mises’s theory. It is argued that only the subjective definition for probability comports with Mises’s other philosophical positions. Since Mises did not provide an explicit definition for probability, it is suggested that he ought to have adopted a subjective definition.

Giving Expression to Rules : Grammar as an Activity in Later Wittgenstein

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Ocelák, Radek

2014-01-01

Roč. 37, č. 3 (2014), s. 351-367 ISSN 0163-8548 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA13-21076S Institutional support: RVO:67985955 Keywords : Wittgenstein * Grammar * Rules * Descriptiveness * Critique Subject RIV: AA - Philosophy ; Religion Impact factor: 0.618, year: 2014

[Ludwig II of Bavaria - the "fairy tale king": his last years from a psychiatric point of view].

Science.gov (United States)

V Zerssen, D

2010-11-01

Ludwig II of Bavaria (Germany) entered the political stage at the age of 18, following the premature death of his father Maximilian II in 1864. At that time, Ludwig was a very handsome, slender young man; he was enthusiastic and had a pronounced taste for fine arts and music, and was admired by the people as a "fairy tale king". However, already during the first years of his reign, he displayed traits that fulfilled the ICD-10 criteria for schizotypal disorder together with a combined cluster B personality disorder. They became even more pronounced over time. Towards the end of his life, Ludwig developed "imperial madness", a typical pattern of behavioural excesses including craving for power, splendour, construction, unrestrained spending, excessive eating and sexual exploitation, revenge with a tendency for cruelty, and an inclination for theatrical and sometimes irrational acts. This complex syndrome is usually manifested in excessively egocentric rulers who have almost unlimited power or, in the case of Ludwig II, an overwhelming desire to possess it. His imperial madness was possibly contributed to by an orbitofrontal brain syndrome. One conjecture is that this condition reflected a neurodegenerative process; another is that a primary deficit, initiated by brain damage following a severe bout of meningitis during Ludwig's babyhood, played a role. In this case, functional compensation by other brain areas may have eventually been counteracted by chronic substance abuse in his thirties. The monarch's life ended tragically when he was 40 by which time he had become adipose and had lost most of his teeth; meanwhile, he was placed under tutelage, dismissed and detained. Before his death by drowning in Lake Starnberg (suicide? attempted escape??), Ludwig apparently killed his psychiatrist, Bernhard von Gudden, who carelessly served as his sole attendant. Yet Ludwig's image as the beautiful fairy tale king is still alive in the hearts of successive generations of

Stuart Hall on Racism and the Importance of Diasporic Thinking

Science.gov (United States)

Rizvi, Fazal

2015-01-01

In this article, I want to show how my initial encounter with the work of Stuart Hall was grounded in my reading of the later philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein, and was shaped by my interest in understanding the nature of racism across the three countries in which I had lived. Over the years, Hall's various writings have helped me to make sense of…

Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer - jeho život, efekt a spektroskopie

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Závěta, Karel; Kohout, J.; Lančok, Adriana

2012-01-01

Roč. 62, č. 1 (2012), s. 51-61 ISSN 0009-0700 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100520; CEZ:AV0Z40320502 Keywords : Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer * resonance absorption * Mössbauer spectroscopy * Mars mission Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism

O ponto de vista religioso de Wittgenstein

OpenAIRE

Mandeli, Alison Vander

2016-01-01

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia, Florianópolis, 2016. O ponto de partida desta tese é a frase "Eu não sou um homem religioso, mas não consigo deixar de ver todo problema a partir de um ponto de vista religioso" (frase-W) dita por Wittgenstein em uma conversa com o amigo e ex-aluno Maurice Drury. Nosso objetivo é apresentar uma interpretação que articule a frase-W com a filosofia de Wit...

Siglenverzeichnis und Abkürzungen der Werke Wittgensteins

OpenAIRE

2017-01-01

AüL Aufzeichnungen über Logik BB Aufzeichnungen über Logik BGM Bemerkungen über die Grundlagen der Mathematik BLF Bemerkungen über logische Form BPP Bemerkungen über die Philosophie der Psychologie BüF Bemerkungen über die Farben PB Philosophische Bemerkungen PG Philosophische Grammatik PU Philosophische Untersuchungen T Tractatus Logico-philosophicus TB Tagebücher 1914-1916 ÜG Über Gewißheit V&G Vorlesungen und Gespräche über Ästhetik, Psychoanalyse und religiösen Glauben WWK Wittgenstein un...

How would Ludwig Wittgenstein have performed in the current ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

South African Journal of Higher Education. Journal Home · ABOUT THIS JOURNAL · Advanced Search · Current Issue · Archives · Journal Home > Vol 23, No 4 (2009) >. Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads.

Con Drury: philosopher and psychiatrist.

Science.gov (United States)

Hayes, John

2017-12-01

Maurice O'Connor Drury (1907-76), an Irish psychiatrist, is best known for his accounts of his close friendship with the eminent twentieth-century philosopher, Ludwig Wittgenstein. His only book, The Danger of Words (1973), was well received by those who had an interest in the relationship between psychiatry, psychology and philosophy. This article concentrates on Drury's experiences, studies and writings in these fields.

Thomas Kuhn e a nova historiografia da ciência

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Bernardo Jefferson de Oliveira

2002-01-01

Full Text Available This article tries to show the Thomas Kuhn's critics to some conceptions of the contemporary historiography of science that became radical many of the positions formulated initially by Kuhn himself. It is still intended to show that the new orientation of Kuhn, starting from his critic to his successors, approaches him more of his initial influences, especially, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Ludwik Fleck.

Escaping the flybottle: solipsism and method in Wittgenstein's Philosophical Remarks

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Jônadas Techio

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The paper supports a dialectical interpretation of Wittgenstein's method focusing on the analysis of the conditions of experience presented in his Philosophical Remarks. By means of a close reading of some key passages dealing with solipsism I will try to lay bare their self-subverting character: the fact that they amount to miniature dialectical exercises offering specific directions to pass from particular pieces of disguised nonsense to corresponding pieces of patent nonsense. Yet, in order to follow those directions one needs to allow oneself to become simultaneously tempted by and suspicious of their all-too-evident "metaphysical tone" - a tone which, as we shall see, is particularly manifest in those claims purporting to state what can or cannot be the case, and, still more particularly, those purporting to state what can or cannot be done in language or thought, thus leading to the view that there are some (determinate things which are ineffable or unthinkable. I conclude by suggesting that in writing those remarks Wittgenstein was still moved by an ethical project, which gets conspicuously displayed in these reiterations of his attempts to cure the readers (and himself from some of the temptations expressed by solipsism.

Teaching with Purpose: An Interview with Thomas E. Ludwig

Science.gov (United States)

Ludwig, Timothy D.; Ludwig, David J.

2010-01-01

Thomas E. Ludwig is the John Dirk Werkman Professor of Psychology at Hope College, where he joined the faculty in 1977 after receiving his PhD in development and aging from Washington University in St. Louis. His research focuses on developmental issues in cognitive neuropsychology. He is also the author or coauthor of more than a dozen sets of…

Ludwig August krahv Mellin kui talurahva sõber ja estofiil / Indrek Jürjo

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Jürjo, Indrek, 1956-2009

2003-01-01

Ludwig August Mellini (1754-1835) suhtumisest eesti ja läti talurahvasse, pärisorjusesse ja tema huvist eestlaste rahvuskarakteri ning rahvuskultuuri vastu. Krahv Mellin oli aastatel 1783-1786 Riia kreisi kreisipeamees ja -kohtunik, 1797-1818 osales aktiivselt 19. sajandi esimeste kümnendite agraarreformides, tema isa Carl Johann von Mellin oli esimene mõisnik Läänemere provintsides, kes umbes 18. sajandi keskpaiku andis oma Tuhala mõisa talupoegadele välja eraõiguse. Lisad: Ludwig August v. Mellini kiri Kuramaa Kirjanduse ja Kunsti Seltsile. BÎriņi, 25. juuni 1822 ; Mellini "Rigaische Stadtblätter'is" avaldamata jäänud artikkel

Mistisisme dalam Perspektif Filsafat Analitik: Antara Wittgenstein dan Mehdi Ha'iri Yazdi

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M. Hidayatullah S.

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Language is a principal instrument for philosopher and as a medium for analysis and reflection. Wittgenstein said, that the order analytical philosophy is to clean away the epistemology from the "good" terms but unclear in it interpretation. Every thing that can be thinks must be able spoken. The limits of my language mean the limits of my world. From this perspective mysticism and mystics experience is nin-sense, because nothing factual reference. From this case, the goal of this study is to find out the epistemology in mysticism and mystic experience. In the study we include the knowledge by presence (ilm al-hudhuri Ha 'iri as an approach. Ha 'iri said that there is a other knowledge which that can be explanations in limits of language and picture theory. This is knowledge by peresence, which by Wittgenstein aware as some thing which having difference language games from knowledge by correspondece.

Von den Liven von Oesel / August Ludwig Schlözer

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Schlözer, August Ludwig

2008-01-01

Avaldatud Eberhard Winkleri initsiatiivil A. L. Schlözeri teose põhjal: Gesammelte Nachrichten von den Ueberresten der Liven, in Livland und Kurland. (1770), mis moodustab osa teosest: Schlözer, August Ludwig. M. Johann Joseph Haigold's Beylagen zum Neuveränderten Russland. Zweiter Theil. Riga und Leipzig, 1770

"This Is Produced by a Brain-Process!" Wittgenstein, Transparency and Psychology Today

Science.gov (United States)

Standish, Paul

2012-01-01

This paper examines sections of Wittgenstein's "Philosophical Investigations" with a view to exposing trail-effects of psychology in educational and social practice today. These are seen in understandings of the relations between mind and body, and language and thought, and their influence is identified in such contemporary preoccupations as…

Wittgenstein's "Relativity": Training in Language-Games and Agreement in "Forms of Life"

Science.gov (United States)

Stickney, Jeff

2008-01-01

Taking Wittgenstein's love of music as my impetus, I approach aporetic problems of epistemic relativity through a round of three overlapping (canonical) inquiries delivered in contrapuntal (higher and lower) registers. I first take up the question of scepticism surrounding "groundless knowledge" and contending paradigms in "On Certainty" (physics…

Wittgenstein's language games as a theory of learning disabilities.

Science.gov (United States)

Timmons, Stephen

2006-01-01

Sociological approaches to the understanding of learning disabilities are perhaps not as fully developed as they might be. Wittgenstein's notion of the language game is elucidated, and its relevance to the analysis of learning disabilities as a social phenomenon is explained. This gives some insight into an alternative conception of what learning disabilities might be, and why people who are classified as having learning disabilities continue, to some extent, to be excluded from full participation in society.

Beethoven, Ludwig van: Concerto pour violon op. 61 / Jean-Michel Molkhou

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Molkhou, Jean-Michel

1997-01-01

Uuest heliplaadist "Beethoven, Ludwig van: Concerto pour violon op. 61 (cadence Schnittke). Les 2 Romances op. 40 et 50. Orchestre Symphonique National d'Estonie, Arvo Volmer" Globe GLO 5155, distribution Talis (CD:153F). 1996. TT:1h 01'56"

Obituary: Ludwig Friedrich Oster, 1931-2003

Science.gov (United States)

Sofia, Sabatino; Altschuler, Martin D.

2003-12-01

Ludwig Friedrich Oster died at the Anchorage Nursing and Rehabilitation Center in Salisbury, MD on 28 February 2003, of complications from advanced Alzheimer's disease. He is survived by his wife Cheryl M. (Oroian) and his two children by a previous marriage, Ulrika and Mattias Oster. He had a distinguished career both as a researcher in solar physics and as a science administrator in the National Science Foundation. Ludwig was born on 8 March 1931 in Konstanz, Germany and emigrated to the U.S. in 1958, acquiring American citizenship in 1963. His mother and father were Emma Josefine (Schwarz) and Ludwig Friedrich Oster. He got a BS degree in physics at the University of Freiburg under the guidance of Prof. K. O. Kiepenheuer in 1951, and a MS (1954) and PhD from the University of Kiel in 1956 under the guidance of Prof. A. Unsold. From 1956 to 1958 he was a Fellow of the German Science Council at Kiel and, upon his arrival to the US in 1958, he became a Postdoctoral Research Associate in the Physics Department of Yale University. He became an Assistant Professor of Physics and Astrophysics at Yale in 1960 and five years later he was promoted to Associate Professor. In 1967 he became an Associate Professor of Physics and Astrophysics at the University of Colorado and a Fellow of the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics; he was promoted to Full Professor in 1970. In 1981 he was a Visiting Professor at Johns Hopkins University, and shortly thereafter became a National Research Council Senior Associate at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, MD, where he worked on solar variability. He joined the National Science Foundation in 1983, where he became the Program Manager for the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in the Division of Astronomical Sciences of the Foundation; he remained there until his retirement in 1996. His early work, started in Germany and continued at Yale, concerned radiation mechanisms related to solar phenomena. His works on

Krimiens filosofiske undersøgelser

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Kim Toft

I denne artikel tager Kim Toft Hansen over tre trin fat på Henning Mortensens forfatterskab og primært dennes såkaldte Sondrup-trilogi. Første trin bliver at præcisere, hvordan Mortensen metafiktivt dekonstruerer krimiens form. Andet trin analyserer Mortensens samfundskritik, der dukker op trods ...... dekonstruerende elementer. Tredje og sidste trin fokuserer på de filosofiske implikationer i Mortensens eksplicitte brug af Ludwig Wittgensteins filosofi....

The Later Wittgenstein and the Later Husserl on Language

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Paul Ricoeur

2014-07-01

Full Text Available This article presents an edited version of lectures given by Paul Ricœur at Johns Hopkins University in April 1966. Ricœur offers a comparative analysis of Wittgenstein’s and Husserl’s late works, taking the problem of language as the common ground of investigation for these two central figures of phenomenology and analytic philosophy. Ricœur develops his study in two parts. The first part considers Husserl’s approach to language after the Logical Investigations and concentrates on Formal and Transcendental Logic; leaving a transcendental reflection on language behind it re-examines a phenomenological conception, according to which the sphere of logic is not separable from that of experience. The main focus of the second part is Wittgenstein’s later philosophy as it moved on from the conception of an isomorphic relation between language and the world, as set out in the picture theory in the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, to the more pragmatic notion of a language-game in the Philosophical Investigations. In order to get beyond the irrevocable differences between the two philosophies and the unresolved theoretical issues on both sides, Ricœur suggests turning to a semiological paradigm based on the Saussurean distinction between “language” and “speaking.” Keywords: Analytic Philosophy, Husserl, Phenomenology, Semiology, Wittgenstein.Résumé Cet article est une version éditée de conférences données par Paul Ricœur à la Johns Hopkins University en avril 1966. Ricœur propose une analyse comparée des dernières œuvres de Wittgenstein et Husserl, avec le problème du langage comme sol commun d’investigations pour ces deux figures centrales de la phénoménologie et la philosophie analytique. Cette analyse de Ricœur se joue à travers deux parties. La première partie revient sur l'approche du langage chez Husserl depuis Recherches logiques avec une attention particulière aux développements de Logique formelle et

Ultimate justification: Wittgenstein and medical ethics.

Science.gov (United States)

Hughes, J

1995-02-01

Decisions must be justified. In medical ethics various grounds are given to justify decisions, but ultimate justification seems illusory and little considered. The philosopher Wittgenstein discusses the problem of ultimate justification in the context of general philosophy. His comments, nevertheless, are pertinent to ethics. From a discussion of Wittgensteinian notions, such as 'bedrock', the idea that 'ultimate' justification is grounded in human nature as such is derived. This discussion is relevant to medical ethics in at least five ways: it shows generally what type of certainty there is in practical ethics; it seems to imply some objective foundation to our ethical judgements; it squares with our experience of making ethical decisions; it shows something of the nature of moral arguments; and, finally, it has implications for teaching medicine and ethics.

Wittgenstein's Contextualist Approach to Judging "Sound" Teaching: Escaping Enthrallment in Criteria-Based Assessments

Science.gov (United States)

Stickney, Jeff Alan

2009-01-01

Comparing the early, analytic attempt to define "sound" teaching with the current use of criteria-based rating schemes, Jeff Stickney turns to Wittgenstein's holistic, contextualist approach to judging teaching against its complex "background" within our "form of life." To exemplify this approach, Stickney presents cases of classroom practice…

Wittgenstein, Freud, Dreaming and Education: Psychoanalytic Explanation as "Une Facon de Parler"

Science.gov (United States)

Marshall, James D.

2008-01-01

Freud saw the dream as occupying a very important position in his theoretical model. If there were to be problems with his theoretical account of the dream then this would impinge upon proposed therapy and, of course, education as the right balance between the instincts and the institution of culture. Wittgenstein, whilst stating that Freud was…

Mundo común, feminismo y mitología

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Birulés, Fina

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Since the 1970s feminism has signified one of the most productive critical reconsiderations of modern political thought legacy. This article examines the questioning of modern notions of political freedom and political community that Linda Zerilli has undertaken in her reading of Hannah Arendt and Ludwig Wittgenstein. On this basis and on criticism of sexual dimorphism, the article shows the need to rethink the relationship between theory and praxis beyond its modern conception, a feature present in much of contemporary feminist theory.Desde la década de 1970 el feminismo ha significado una de las profundizaciones críticas m.s productivas del legado del pensamiento político de la modernidad. El presente artículo atiende al cuestionamiento de las modernas nociones de libertad y comunidad políticas que Linda Zerilli ha llevado a cabo en su lectura de Hannah Arendt y de Ludwig Wittgenstein. A partir de ah. y de la reciente querella en torno al diformismo sexual, se muestra la necesidad de repensar la relación entre teoría y praxis más allá de la concepción moderna, presente en buena parte de la teoría feminista contemporánea.

Wittgenstein and the limits of empathic understanding in psychopathology.

Science.gov (United States)

Thornton, Tim

2004-08-01

The aim of this paper is three-fold. Firstly, to briefly set out how strategic choices made about theorising about intentionality or content have actions at a distance for accounting for delusion. Secondly, to investigate how successfully a general difficulty facing a broadly interpretative approach to delusions might be eased by the application of any of three Wittgensteinian interpretative tools. Thirdly, to draw a general moral about how the later Wittgenstein gives more reason to be pessimistic than optimistic about the prospects of a philosophical psychopathology aimed at empathic understanding of delusions.

PIV Analysis of Ludwig Prandtl's Historic Flow Visualization Films

OpenAIRE

Willert, Christian; Kompenhans, Jürgen

2010-01-01

Around 1930 Ludwig Prandtl and his colleagues O. Tietjens and W. M\\"uller published two films with visualizations of flows around surface piercing obstacles to illustrate the unsteady process of flow separation. These visualizations were achieved by recording the motion of fine particles sprinkled onto the water surface in water channels. The resulting images meet the relevant criteria of properly seeded recordings for particle image velocimetry (PIV). Processing these image sequences with mo...

A New Philosophical Underpinning of Macromarketing Theories

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Skytte, Hans

2014-01-01

and concepts: “language is autonomous”, “concept”, “seeing as”, “language-games”, etc. In this paper these philosophical thoughts and concepts combine so that they over time form recursive processes which spiral. These processes are taken as the philosophical foundation for researching the language and actions...... of the social actors in marketing systems. The unit of analysis for marketing systems and macromarketing issues is the idea in the recursive process and spiral. The introduction gives a brief overview of what is understood by macromarketing. Followed by a thorough explanation of many of Wittgenstein......This paper proposes a new philosophical foundation for analyzing macromarketing issues, and for further development of macromarketing theory, building on the language philosophy developed by the German/British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. The building blocks are a number philosophical thoughts...

Training and Mastery of Techniques in Wittgenstein's Later Philosophy: A Response to Michael Luntley

Science.gov (United States)

Stickney, Jeff

2008-01-01

Responding to Michael Luntley's article, "Learning, Empowerment and Judgement," the author shows he cannot successfully make the following three moves: (1) dissolve the analytic distinction between learning by training and learning by reasoning, while advocating the latter; (2) diminish the role of training in Wittgenstein's philosophy, nor…

Ludwig Boltzmann - The Man and His Work

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Broda, E.

1982-01-01

It is argued that Ludwig Boltzmann was, along with Newton and Maxwell, one of the three greatest theoretical physicists of classical times. It is less generally known that he was also a powerful realist-materialist philosopher and a keen opponent of Ernst Mach's positivism and of the philosophical idealism of Berkeley, Hegel and Schopenhauer. Boltzmann was also opposed to Kant. Moreover, he had a lively interest in biology and especially in Darwinian evolution, and he should be taken as one of the founders of biophysics. Boltzmann discussed the origin of life and of the mind. Finally, he also was a most vigorous, colourful and attractive person. (author)

Fern- und Fehlzündungen. Bedenken zu Ingeborg Bachmanns Wittgenstein-Rezeption / Georg Gimpl

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Gimpl, Georg, 1949-

2007-01-01

Ettekanne Ingeborg Bachmanni 80. sünniaastapäevaks pühendatud rahvusvaheliselt konverentsilt Tartus 12.-13. aprillil 2006. aastal. Wittgensteini retseptsioonist Bachmanni loomingust Ludwig Wittgensteini "Loogilis-filosoofilise traktaadi" põhjal (Tartu : Ilmamaa, 1996)

A short biography of Hubert Ludwig and a note on the publication dates of his monograph Die Seewalzen (1889-1892).

Science.gov (United States)

Reich, Mike

2015-12-03

The dates of publication of Hubert Ludwig's (1852-1913) comprehensive monograph Die Seewalzen [= Sea cucumbers] are reviewed. The precise publication dates of his volume, originally published in 16 fascicles and 8 parts/issues, delivered between 1889 and 1892, has been re-examined. Additionally, a short biographical note on Hubert Ludwig's life and a discussion of all new taxa introduced by him in his monograph is given.

Idrottsutövandets estetik : en narrativ studie om meningsskapande och lärande

OpenAIRE

Maivorsdotter, Ninitha

2012-01-01

The overall interest of this thesis is to explore aesthetic experience in sport and its significance for learning in sport. The main purpose is to contribute to a theoretical and methodological development of studies relating to learning in sport. The exploration is undertaken within the field of pragmatism using the works of John Dewey and Ludwig Wittgenstein. The exploration consists of four case studies, consisting mainly of narrative analyses of people’s written stories of participating i...

'GORGEOUS MONSTROSITY': DERRIDA'S DECONSTRUCTION AS AN ALTERNATIVE POSTMODERNIST TOOL IN ANALYSING ALASDAIR GRAY'S POOR THINGS

OpenAIRE

Joanna Małecka

2009-01-01

The article is a postmodernism interpretation of Alasdair Gray's acclaimed novel "The Poor Things". The main motifs in the novel are re-read in the light of the theories of Jacques Derrida and Ludwig Wittgenstein. At the centre of the analysis stands the intertextual and deconstructive reading of the role of the main heroine, Bella Baxter. As the novel's 'gorgeous monstrosity', Bella is a prototype construct embedded in the linguistic nature of reality. In Gray's postmodern vision, Bella embo...

Models, Their Application, and Scientific Anticipation: Ludwig Boltzmann's Work as Tacit Knowing

Science.gov (United States)

Schmitt, Richard Henry

2011-01-01

Ludwig Boltzmann's work in theoretical physics exhibits an approach to the construction of theory that he transmitted to the succeeding generation by example. It involved the construction of clear models, allowed more than one, and was not based solely on the existing facts, with the intent of examining and criticizing the assumptions that made…

Wittgenstein's philosophy and a dimensional approach to the classification of mental disorders -- a preliminary scheme.

Science.gov (United States)

Mackinejad, Kioumars; Sharifi, Vandad

2006-01-01

In this paper the importance of Wittgenstein's philosophical ideas for the justification of a dimensional approach to the classification of mental disorders is discussed. Some of his basic concepts in his Philosophical Investigations, such as 'family resemblances', 'grammar' and 'language-game' and their relations to the concept of mental disorder are explored.

Ludwig Tieck: meandros góticos

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Karin Volobuef

2012-11-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2012n62p153   Ludwig Tieck (1773-1853 foi um dos pioneiros do Romantismo alemão ao lado de figuras como Novalis, Wackenroder, os irmãos August e Friedrich Schlegel, Schleiermacher, Schelling. Grande admirador de Shakespeare e Calderón de la Barca, Tieck concebia a literatura como terreno supranacional e como área de convergência de diferentes tradições e perspectivas. Com isso, absorveu inúmeros elementos da cultura popular (contos de fadas, lendas, superstições e os fundiu a vertentes de sua época, entre as quais a da narrativa gótica e de horror, em voga desde a segunda metade do século XVIII. Em Tieck, o macabro tornase expressão de questionamentos sobre a relação entre sujeito e mundo e sobre a própria noção (inspirada no senso comum de que existiria uma realidade única e independente do ponto de vista daquele que a observa ou descreve. Tieck formulou esteticamente indagações que ecoaram pelo Romantismo alemão, expressando anseios e inquietações indissociáveis de sua produção poético-literária.   Ludwig Tieck (1773-1853 was a pioneer of German Romanticism alongside figures such as Novalis, Wackenroder, brothers August and Friedrich Schlegel, Schleiermacher, Schelling. A great admirer of Shakespeare and Calderón de la Barca, Tieck envisioned literature as a supranational terrain and an area of convergence of different traditions and perspectives. Thus he absorbed numerous elements from popular culture (fairy tales, legends, superstitions and merged with the trends of his time, among which the mid eighteenth-century gothic and horror narrative. In Tieck the macabre becomes an expression of questions about the relationship between the subject and on the very notion (based on common sense that there would be a single reality and independent from the point of view of who observes or describes. Tieck aesthetically formulated questions that echoed throughout German romanticism

Learning to Believe: Challenges in Children's Acquisition of a World-Picture in Wittgenstein's "On Certainty"

Science.gov (United States)

Ariso, José María

2015-01-01

Wittgenstein scholars have tended to interpret the acquisition of certainties, and by extension, of a world-picture, as the achievement of a state in which these certainties are assimilated in a seemingly unconscious way as one masters language-games. However, it has not been stressed that the attainment of this state often involves facing a…

Il concetto di medium artistico: Richard Wollheim interprete di Ludwig Wittgenstein

OpenAIRE

Maistrello, Andrea

2016-01-01

The aim of the dissertation is twofold: (i) analyzing the notion (well known by aestheticians, but not so intensively studied) of artistic medium; (ii) showing the relevance of such notion for aesthetics through the examination of some relevant aspects of Richard Wollheim’s philosophy of art, maybe the main figure in Anglo-American philosophy as for considering artistic medium central in art-theorizing. Artistic media, according to Wollheim, can develop only if properly connected to a cultura...

The design and implementation of multiplayer, web-based, 2D game made in client-server architecture

OpenAIRE

Chojnacki, Piotr; Duczmańska, Justyna

2014-01-01

Even though Ludwig Wittgenstein – Austrian-British philosopher – was the first man to address a definition of word “game”1 in his Philosophical Investigations book in 1953, games were known to human since the ancient times2. Because people are social beings and they long to interact with each other, a purpose of majority of games was – and still is – to spend time with others in a friendly atmosphere. It is also in human nature to face challenges and compete with other people and it is reflec...

Nel bosco sacro. Realtà, finzione, magia e natura ne Il ramo d’oro di James G. Frazer

OpenAIRE

Dimpflmeier, Fabiana

2014-01-01

‘E così il coro accenna a una legge segreta’ : così vien voglia di commentare la raccolta dei dati in Frazer.(Ludwig Wittgenstein, Note sul Ramo d’oro di Fraser)Per certi versi, è di simili ‘infedeltà creative’ che si nutre il progresso della conoscenza.(Fabio Dei, La discesa agli inferi) Nel 1922, dopo tre edizioni arrivate ad espandersi fino a dodici volumi, l’antropologo vittoriano James G. Frazer pubblica l’editio minor de Il ramo d’oro, consacrandosi a fortuna quasi imperitura. Contraria...

Forme di vita e relazione educativa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Viviana Segreto

2015-05-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to show that the main object of pedagogical research is relationship among people who share the same context. The analysis follows a linguistic approach, from a theoretical and metaphysical kind of language to a language of forms of life. After the linguistic turn, particularly in Ludwig Wittgenstein, forsaking a Platonic language means throwing language in forms of life, and blending it with people and their lives. So an educational process has to leave the unique, traditional pattern to open itself to different voices of life.

‘Objectively there is no truth’ – Wittgenstein and Kierkegaard on Religious Belief

OpenAIRE

Schönbaumsfeld, Genia

2017-01-01

Kierkegaard’s influence on Wittgenstein’s conception of religious belief was profound, but this hasn’t so far been given the attention it deserves. Although Wittgenstein wrote comparatively little on the subject, while the whole of Kierkegaard’s oeuvre has a religious theme, both philosophers have become notorious for refusing to construe religious belief in either of the two traditional ways: as a ‘propositional attitude’ on the one hand or as a mere ‘emotional response’ with no reference to...

Dreams, hallucinations, moving statues, and Ekphrasis in Ludwig Tieck's visual writings

OpenAIRE

Rockelmann, Joseph D

2014-01-01

When reading Ludwig Tieck's texts the reader becomes aware that dreams, the unconscious, and art play a key role. This study seeks to posit that Ekphrasis and dream interpretation are similar due to both analyzing a visual image and attempting to translate the visual into the verbal in order to gain a better and more complete understanding of it. G.E. Lessing believed that poetry and the visual arts were equal since each art form has its own strengths and when combined they create a complete ...

The First Nine Months of Editing Wittgenstein - Letters from G.E.M. Anscombe and Rush Rhees to G.H. von Wright

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Christian Eric Erbacher

2015-07-01

Full Text Available The National Library of Finland (NLF and the Von Wright and Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Helsinki (WWA keep the collected correspondence of Georg Henrik von Wright, Wittgenstein’s friend and successor at Cambridge and one of the three literary executors of Wittgenstein’s Nachlass. Among von Wright’s correspondence partners, Elizabeth Anscombe and Rush Rhees are of special interest to Wittgenstein scholars as the two other trustees of the Wittgenstein papers. Thus, von Wright’s collections held in Finland promise to shed light on the context of decades of editorial work that made Wittgenstein’s later philosophy available to all interested readers. In this text, we present the letters which von Wright received from Anscombe and Rhees during the first nine months after Wittgenstein’s death. This correspondence provides a vivid picture of the literary executors as persons and of their developing relationships. The presented letters are beautiful examples of what the correspondence as a whole has to offer; it depicts – besides facts of editing – the story of three philosophers, whose conversing voices unfold the human aspects of inheriting Wittgenstein’s Nachlass. Their story does not only deal with editing the papers of an eminent philosopher, but with the attempt to do justice to the man they knew, to his philosophy and to his wishes for publication.

Wittgenstein on Forms of Life, Patterns of Life, and Ways of Living

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Daniele Moyal-Sharrock

2015-10-01

Full Text Available This paper aims to distinguish Wittgenstein’s concept of ‘form of life’ from other concepts or expressions that have been confused or conflated with it, such as ‘language-game’, ‘certainty’, ‘patterns of life’, ‘ways of living’ and ‘facts of living’. Competing interpretations of Wittgenstein’s ‘form(s of life’ are reviewed (Baker & Hacker, Cavell, Conway, Garver, and it is concluded that Wittgenstein intended both a singular and a plural use of the concept; with, where the human is concerned, a single human form of life characterized by innumerable forms of human life.

Como una enfermedad. La escritura y la filosofía según Wittgenstein

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Michael Wood

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Comenzando por algunos comentarios de Giorgio Agamben sobre la relación entre la poesía y la prosa, y por su evocación de la sugerencia de Wittgenstein de que la filosofía debería ser escrita como si fuera poesía, este ensayo explora algunos de los posibles sentidos de escribir filosofía de dicha manera y concluye que el lenguaje literario, tal como se encuentra en la prosa y el pensamiento de Wittgenstein, tiene tres características esenciales: requiere y grati!ca la interpretación; utiliza modismos y otras formas retóricas como argumentación; y la forma de lo dicho es parte esencial de lo que se dice. Starting from some remarks by Giorgio Agamben on the relation between poetry and prose, and from his invocation of Wittgenstein’s recommendation that philosophy should be written as if it were poetry, this essay explores some of the possible meanings of writing philosophy in this way, and concludes that literary language, as exempli!ed in Wittgenstein’s thought and prose, has three essential features: it requires and rewards extensive in terpretation; it uses figures of speech and other rhetorical features as modes of argument; and the form of its saying is an essential part of what is said. What are the consequences for philosophy of such a de!nition?

What is the Point? Ethics, Truth and the Tractatus

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Christensen, Anne-Marie Søndergaard

2007-01-01

  In this paper, my major concern is to place the ethical remarks of Ludwig Wittgenstein's Tractatus within a wider discussion in moral philosophy. In the first part of the paper, I sketch a reading of the Tractatus that brings out a particular feature of ethics, namely the fact that ethical...... discourse is shaped by both subjective and objective concerns. Moving on, I unfold the subjective side of ethics by drawing on Stanley Cavell's notion of the point of an utterance, while the objective side will be presented via Diamond's writing on the importance of truth in ethics. My goal is to argue...

Cristianismo y naturaleza

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Cristoffanini, Pablo Rolando

2017-01-01

of the western world, gain increasing importance at a time of growing concern about the effects of the ecological and environmental crisis. Firstly, I introduce some ideas and images considered by eminent researchers to be the cause of the conquering, plundering and objectifying relationship to Nature. Secondly...... or entertain a stereotypical view of religion, I present some tenets of Ludwig Wittgenstein asserting the value of religion and ethics as symbolic systems that lead to different forms of life. Additionally, he maintained that religion in no way should be diminished or subjected to the rules and principles...

Ludwig Edinger: the vertebrate series and comparative neuroanatomy.

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Patton, Paul

2015-01-01

At the end of the nineteenth century, Ludwig Edinger completed the first comparative survey of the microscopic anatomy of vertebrate brains. He is regarded as the founder of the field of comparative neuroanatomy. Modern commentators have misunderstood him to have espoused an anti-Darwinian linear view of brain evolution, harkening to the metaphysics of the scala naturae. This understanding arises, in part, from an increasingly contested view of nineteenth-century morphology in Germany. Edinger did espouse a progressionist, though not strictly linear, view of forebrain evolution, but his work also provided carefully documented evidence that brain stem structures vary in complexity independently from one another and across species in a manner that is not compatible with linear progress. This led Edinger to reject progressionism for all brain structures other than the forebrain roof, based on reasoning not too dissimilar from those his successors used to dismiss it for the forebrain roof.

Proč Wittgenstein opustil traktátovskou teorii jazyka, a proč bychom jej my měli následovat

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Peregrin, Jaroslav

-, - (2002), s. 14-22 ISSN 1335-0668. [Filozofia Ludwiga Wittgensteina. Bratislava, 07.06.2001-08.06.2001] R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA0009001 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z9009908 Keywords : Wittgenstein * language games Subject RIV: AA - Philosophy ; Religion

Ludwig's angina in children anesthesiologist's nightmare: Case series and review of literature

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Maitree Pandey

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Ludwig's angina is potentially lethal, rapidly spreading cellulitis of the floor of mouth and neck. The anticipated difficult airway becomes even more challenging when it occurs in children. In children, the larynx is positioned relatively higher in the neck, and one does not have the option for blind nasal intubation or awake fiberoptic, which otherwise is the technique of choice in adult patients. We present the clinical course of 16 children and highlight various problems encountered during the anesthetic management of six children who required emergency surgical drainage under general anesthesia.

Studies on the genus Eupenicillium Ludwig I. Taxonomy and nomenclature of Penicillia in relation to their sclerotioid ascocarpic states

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Stolk, Amelia C.; Scott, De B.

1967-01-01

The ascocarpic genus Eupenicillium Ludwig has been re-instated and reviewed taxonomically. It accommodates the perfect states of species characterized by pseudoparenchymatic or sclerotioid cleistothecia. The imperfect states belong to Penicillium Link ex Fries. Descriptions and synonomy of the genus

Paul Wittgenstein's right arm and his phantom: the saga of a famous concert pianist and his amputation.

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Boller, François; Bogousslavsky, Julien

2015-01-01

Reports of postamputation pain and problems linked to phantom limbs have increased in recent years, particularly in relation to war-related amputations. These problems are still poorly understood and are considered rather mysterious, and they are difficult to treat. In addition, they may shed light on brain physiology and neuropsychology. Functional neuroimaging techniques now enable us to better understand their pathophysiology and to consider new rehabilitation techniques. Several artists have suffered from postamputation complications and this has influenced not only their personal life but also their artistic work. Paul Wittgenstein (1887-1961), a pianist whose right arm was amputated during the First World War, became a famous left-handed concert performer. His case provides insight into Post-World War I musical and political history. More specifically, the impact on the artistic life of this pianist illustrates various postamputation complications, such as phantom limb, stump pain, and especially moving phantom. The phantom movements of his right hand helped him develop the dexterity of his left hand. Wittgenstein played piano works that were written especially for him (the most famous being Ravel's Concerto for the Left Hand) and composed some of his own. Additionally, several famous composers had previously written for the left hand. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Adherence as a language game.

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Kolberg, Espen Skarstein

2017-04-01

Non-adherence, i.e. medication intake behavior not corresponding with agreed recommendations, is associated with increased morbidity and death, and it has been estimated that as many as 50% of patients in developed countries are not taking their medications as prescribed. But even as efforts in improving medication adherence over the years have increased, results are inconsistent, with only a minority of clinical trials showing any improvement in both adherence and clinical outcome. Since patient education is central to promoting good medication adherence, and language is integral to education, perhaps an exploration of the meaning and use of language, using the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein, is in order.

Possíveis contribuições de Husserl e Heidegger para a clínica fenomenológica Possibles contribuciones de Husserl y Heidegger para la clínica fenomenológica Husserl´s and Heidegger´s possible contributions to clinical phenomenology

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Virginia Moreira

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever as possíveis contribuições das filosofias de Edmund Husserl e Martin Heidegger para o desenvolvimento de uma clínica fenomenológica. Reconhece-se que Husserl, com sua Psicologia Fenomenológica, inaugura uma psicologia da subjetividade que pode servir de base para a clínica fenomenológica. O artigo também discute as contribuições e possíveis limitações das propostas clínicas de Ludwig Binswanger e Medard Boss, que procuram fundamentar-se na Analítica do Dasein de Heidegger, e propõe a fenomenologia existencial de Merleau-Ponty, que retoma o último pensamento de Husserl tendo como fio condutor o conceito de Lebenswelt, como um caminho fecundo para a clínica fenomenológica.Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir las posibles contribuciones de las filosofías de Edmund Husserl y Martin Heidegger para el desarrollo de una clínica fenomenológica. Reconoce que Husserl, con su Psicología Fenomenológica, inaugura una psicología de la subjetividad, que puede servir de base para la clínica fenomenológica. Discute las contribuciones y posibles limitaciones de las propuestas clínicas de Ludwig Binswanger y Medard Boss, que se proponen a tener como fundamentó la Analítica del Dasein de Heidegger. Sugiere la fenomenología existencial de Merleau-Ponty, que retoma el pensamiento del último Husserl teniendo como hilo conductor el concepto de Lebenswelt, como un camino fecundo para la clínica fenomenológica.This article aims to describe the possible contributions of Edmund Husserl´s and Martin Heidegger´s philosophies to the development of a phenomenological clinic. It recognizes that Husserl, with his Phenomenological Psychology, inaugurates a psychology of subjective, which may serve as basis to the phenomenological clinic. It discusses the contributions and possible limitations of Ludwig Binswanger´s and Medard Boss’s clinical proposals, which aim to be funded on Heidegger

The quest for reality Bohr and Wittgenstein : two complementary views

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Stenholm, Stig

2015-01-01

In both science and philosophy, the twentieth century saw a radical breakdown of certainty in the human worldview, as quantum uncertainty and linguistic ambiguity destroyed the comfortable certitudes of the past. As these disciplines form the foundation for a human position in the world, a major epistemological reorganization had to take place. In this book, quantum theorist Stig Stenholm presents Bohr and Wittgenstein, in physics and in philosophy, as central figures representing this revision. Each of them took up the challenge of replacing apparent order and certainty with a provisional understanding based on limited concepts in constant flux. Stenholm concludes that the modern synthesis created by their heirs is far from satisfactory, and the story is so far an unfinished one. The book will appeal to any researcher in either discipline curious about the foundation of modern science, and works to provoke a renewal of discussion, and the eventual emergence of a reformed clarity and understanding.

Significados e sentidos da música: uma breve "composição" a partir da psicologia histórico-cultural Significados y sentidos de la música: una breve "composición" a partir de la psicología histórico-cultural Meanings and senses of music: a brief composition from cultural-historical psychology

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Patrícia Wazlawick

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Este artigo discute a construção dos significados e sentidos da música a partir da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, principalmente com a contribuição de L. S. Vygotski, buscando tecer uma interface com as idéias dos musicoterapeutas noruegueses Even Ruud e Brynjulf Stige, com base na filosofia de Ludwig Wittgenstein. Quando se vivencia a música, não se estabelece relação apenas com a matéria musical em si, mas com toda uma rede de significados construídos no mundo social, em contextos coletivos mais amplos e em contextos singulares. Dessa forma, os significados e sentidos da música são construídos a partir do contexto social, econômico, político, de vivências concretas e da "utilização viva" da música por sujeitos em relação, onde articulam sua dimensão afetiva, desejos e motivações.Este artículo discute la construcción de los significados y sentidos de la música a partir de la Psicología Histórico Cultural, principalmente con la contribución de L. S. Vygotski, buscando formar una conexión con las ideas de los musicoterapeutas noruegos Even Ruud y Brynjulf Stige, en base a la filosofía de Ludwig Wittgenstein. Cuando se vivencia la música, no sólo se relaciona con la materia musical en sí, sino con toda una red de significados construidos en el mundo social, en contextos colectivos más amplios y en contextos singulares. De esa forma, los significados y sentidos de la música son construidos a partir del contexto social, económico, político, de vivencias concretas y de la "utilización viva" de la música por sujetos interrelacionados, donde articulan su dimensión afectiva, deseos y motivaciones.The construction of meanings and senses in music from the point of view of Cultural-Historical Psychology, with special reference to L. S. VygotskI, is discussed. An interface with the ideas of Norwegian music-therapists Even Ruud and Brynjulf Stige, grounded on Ludwig Wittgenstein's philosophy, is highlighted. The

Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Ludwig-Maximilian Universität München Historisches Seminar /Abteilung geschichtliche Wissenschaften, Projektbereich 'Digitale Tafelwerke Pilotprojekt Digitalisierung Sybel/Sickel: "Kaiserurkunden in Abbildungen"

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Antonella Ghignoli

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Review of Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Ludwig-Maximilian Universität München Historisches Seminar /Abteilung geschichtliche Wissenschaften, Projektbereich 'Digitale Tafelwerke Pilotprojekt Digitalisierung Sybel/Sickel: "Kaiserurkunden in Abbildungen"

Fifty years of mathematical physics selected works of Ludwig Faddeev

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Faddeev, Ludwig; Niemi, Antti J

2016-01-01

This unique volume summarizes with a historical perspective several of the major scientific achievements of Ludwig Faddeev, with a foreword by Nobel Laureate C N Yang. The volume that spans over fifty years of Faddeev's career begins where he started his own scientific research, in the subject of scattering theory and the three-body problem. It then continues to describe Faddeev's contributions to automorphic functions, followed by an extensive account of his many fundamental contributions to quantum field theory including his original article on ghosts with Popov. Faddeev's contributions to soliton theory and integrable models are then described, followed by a survey of his work on quantum groups. The final scientific section is devoted to Faddeev's contemporary research including articles on his long-term interest in constructing knotted solitons and understanding confinement. The volume concludes with his personal view on science and mathematical physics in particular.

Ludwig von Bertalanffy's organismic view on the theory of evolution.

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Drack, Manfred

2015-03-01

Ludwig von Bertalanffy was a key figure in the advancement of theoretical biology. His early considerations already led him to recognize the necessity of considering the organism as a system, as an organization of parts and processes. He termed the resulting research program organismic biology, which he extended to all basic questions of biology and almost all areas of biology, hence also to the theory of evolution. This article begins by outlining the rather unknown (because often written in German) research of Bertalanffy in the field of theoretical biology. The basics of the organismic approach are then described. This is followed by Bertalanffy's considerations on the theory of evolution, in which he used methods from theoretical biology and then introduced his own, organismic, view on evolution, leading to the demand for finding laws of evolution. Finally, his view on the concept of homology is presented. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Role of Logic and Mentality as the Basics of Wittgenstein's Picture Theory of Language and Extracting Educational Principles and Methods According to This Theory

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Heshi, Kamal Nosrati; Nasrabadi, Hassanali Bakhtiyar

2016-01-01

The present paper attempts to recognize principles and methods of education based on Wittgenstein's picture theory of language. This qualitative research utilized inferential analytical approach to review the related literature and extracted a set of principles and methods from his theory on picture language. Findings revealed that Wittgenstein…

Axiomatic unsharp quantum theory (From Mackey to Ludwig and Piron)

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Cattaneo, Gianpiero; Laudisa, Federico

1994-05-01

On the basis of Mackey's axiomatic approach to quantum physics or, equivalently, of a “state-event-probability” (SEVP) structure, using a quite standard “fuzzification” procedure, a set of unsharp events (or “effects”) is constructed and the corresponding “state-effect-probability” (SEFP) structure is introduced. The introduction of some suitable axioms gives rise to a partially ordered structure of quantum Brouwer-Zadeh (BZ) poset; i.e., a poset endowed with two nonusual orthocomplementation mappings, a fuzzy-like orthocomplementation, and an intuitionistic-like orthocomplementation, whose set of sharp elements is an orthomodular complete lattice. As customary, by these orthocomplementations the two modal-like necessity and possibility operators are introduced, and it is shown that Ludwig's and Jauch-Piron's approaches to quantum physics are “interpreted” in complete SEFP. As a marginal result, a standard procedure to construct a lot of unsharp realizations starting from any sharp realization of a fixed observable is given, and the relationship among sharp and corresponding unsharp realizations is studied.

Implant dentistry curriculum in undergraduate education: part 2-program at the Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany.

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Kroeplin, Birgit S; Strub, Joerg R

2011-01-01

The aim of this study was to describe the didactic and clinical undergraduate implant dentistry program of the Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany, with emphasis on the clinical implant experience. A detailed description of the implant curriculum at Albert-Ludwigs University is given with documented exemplary cases and additional flow charts. All students participate in 28 hours of lectures and approximately 64 hours of seminars with hands-on courses and gain clinical experience. All undergraduate students are eligible to place and restore oral implants. Emphasis is placed on prosthetic-driven planning of implant positions, three-dimensional imaging, and computer-guided implant placement. Implant restorations performed by undergraduate students comprise single crowns and small multiunit fixed dental prostheses in partially edentulous posterior maxillae and anterior or posterior mandibles, implant-retained overdentures (snap attachment) in edentulous patients, and telescopic fixed-removable dental prostheses on remaining teeth and strategically placed additional implants. Over the past 2.5 years, 51 patients were treated with 97 dental implants placed by students in the undergraduate program. Seventy-one restorations were inserted: 60.6% single crowns, 7% fixed dental protheses, 21.1% overdentures, and 11.3% telescopic fixed-removable dental prostheses. The implant survival rate was 98.9%. Because survival rates for dental implants placed and restored by students are comparable to those of experienced dentists, oral implant dentistry should be implemented as part of the undergraduate dental curriculum.

Karl Marx, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and Black Underachievement in the United States and United Kingdom

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Tomlin, Carol; Wright, Cecile; Mocombe, Paul C.

2013-01-01

This article synthesizes Marxian conceptions of identity construction within capitalist relations of production with the Wittgensteinian notion of "language games" to offer a more appropriate relational framework within which scholars ought to understand the Black-White academic achievement gap in America, the United Kingdom, and…

How Would Ludwig Wittgenstein Have Performed in the Current South African Higher Education System?

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Le Grange, L.

2009-01-01

The pressure to perform has migrated from the corporate world into academe. Academics across the globe feel this pressure to perform, often expressed as "publish or perish". I reflect on the rising culture of performativity in recent decades and how it has penetrated South African universities. In doing so, I specifically look at the…

Tracing Spasmodic Dysphonia: The Source of Ludwig Traube's Priority.

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Lorch, Marjorie Perlman; Whurr, Renata

2016-08-01

Since the mid-20th century, one citation is given historical priority as the first description of spasmodic dysphonia (SD): Ludwig Traube's 1871 case of the "spastic form of nervous hoarseness." Our objective is to understand how this case serves as the foundation of understanding laryngeal movement disorders. The original German paper was located and translated. Bibliographical and bibliometric methods are used to determine the citation history of this original source over the past 140 years. Although secondary citations in contemporary publications typically credit Traube for establishing the clinical entity SD, his case does not conform to currently accepted diagnostic features. Citation patterns indicate the source of Traube's priority is publications by Arnold and Luchsinger, mid-20th-century ENT clinicians, particularly their influential 1965 textbook used to train US and UK clinicians on voice disorders for several generations. Sometimes secondary citations in medical literature lead to the inadvertent perpetuation of factual misrepresentation. The clinical picture of Traube's original case does not represent what clinicians would recognize as SD today. The rich 19th-century literature on voice disorders is a valuable resource for present day clinicians. © The Author(s) 2016.

Para uma (re)leitura das Anotações sobre as cores de Wittgenstein

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Salles, João Carlos

2017-01-01

As Anotações sobre as cores não têm tido o destaque merecido, pois parecem um conjunto parcialmente amorfo e desconexo, com precária estrutura de conjunto. Isso se deve, em grande medida, ao estado da edição dos textos realizada por G. E. M. Anscombe, que despreza variantes, faz sugestões equivocadas para a datação dos manuscritos, suprime parágrafos (inclusive uma quarta parte), além de ter desfigurado a Parte II, ordenando equivocadamente esses parágrafos. Uma edição bem cuidadaé necessária...

Ludwig Guttmann (1899-1980), Stoke Mandeville Hospital and the Paralympic Games.

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Silver, John R

2012-08-01

On 27 July 2012 London is hosting the Olympic and the Paralympic Games. The Olympic Games will be attended by 17,000 athletes to be followed by the Paralympic Games with 4200 athletes from 150 countries, participating in 20 different sports. This multicultural event has grown in the last 60 years from a small competition between British and Dutch athletes on the lawns of Stoke Mandeville Hospital in Buckinghamshire. The Paralympic Movement was born out of the vision of Sir Ludwig Guttmann. Before World War II, most paraplegic patients died. Guttmann came to Stoke Mandeville Hospital in 1944 and instituted the modern treatment of spinal injuries which kept paraplegic patients alive. While exercise is an essential part of rehabilitation, developing strength and agility, and a paraplegic patient can only participate in competitive sport when he or she is fully rehabilitated so the sports movement grew out of the successful treatment of paraplegic patients.

Atoms, mechanics, and probability Ludwig Boltzmann's statistico-mechanical writings : an exegesis

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Darrigol, Olivier

2018-01-01

One of the pillars of modern science, statistical mechanics, owes much to one man, the Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906). As a result of his unusual working and writing styles, his enormous contribution remains little read and poorly understood. The purpose of this book is to make the Boltzmann corpus more accessible to physicists, philosophers, and historians, and so give it new life. The means are introductory biographical and historical materials, detailed and lucid summaries of every relevant publication, and a final chapter of critical synthesis. Special attention is given to Boltzmann's theoretical tool-box and to his patient construction of lofty formal systems even before their full conceptual import could be known. This constructive tendency largely accounts for his lengthy style, for the abundance of new constructions, for the relative vagueness of their object--and for the puzzlement of commentators. This book will help the reader cross the stylistic barrier and see how ingeniously B...

Ludwig Edinger (1855-1918): founder of modern neuroanatomy.

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Prithishkumar, Ivan James

2012-03-01

Ludwig Edinger, a German neurologist is considered as one of the founders of modern neuroanatomy. He was conferred the degree of Doctor of Medicine at the University of Strassburg. His observation of small living organisms under a microscope at an early age led him to study medicine. Edinger had many discoveries to his credit. He was the first to describe the ventral and dorsal spinocerebellar tracts, to distinguish between paleo-encephalon and neo-encephalon, and between paleo-cerebellum and neo-cerebellum. He coined the terms "gnosis" and "praxis," which were later adopted in psychological descriptions of agnosia and apraxia. He identified the Edinger-Westphal nucleus in 1885 and was the first to describe the syndrome of thalamic pain. Edinger worked with renowned clinicians and published a large number of papers. He founded the Neurological Institute at the Goethe University in Frankfurt, which is the oldest neurological Institute in Germany. Edinger was a rare combination of a profound scientist, a brilliant teacher, a fine artist, and a noted hypnotist. While at the height of his career, he underwent a surgery and died a few hours later. It was his last will that his brain should be dissected in his own institute. It showed extraordinarily well-developed occipital lobes as well as other unusual features. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Chomsky and Wittgenstein on Linguistic Competence

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Thomas McNally

2012-11-01

Full Text Available In his Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language, Saul Kripke presents his influential reading of Wittgenstein’s later writings on language. One of the largely unexplored features of that reading is that Kripke makes a small number of suggestive remarks concerning the possible threat that Wittgenstein’s arguments pose for Chomsky’s linguistic project. In this paper, we attempt to characterise the relevance of Wittgenstein’s later work on meaning and rule-following for transformational linguistics, and in particular to identify the potentially negative impact it has on that project. Although we use Kripke’s remarks to articulate some of the pertinent issues, we return to Wittgenstein’s later writings to address them. We argue that Wittgenstein’s main target in the relevant sections of the Philosophical Investigations is the notion of ‘logical compulsion’, which involves assuming that there is more to applying a word or rule than how we are naturally or “psychologically” compelled to apply. We characterise two of the main lines of argument in the Investigations in terms of the rejection of logical compulsion. We thus propose to address the relevance of Wittgenstein’s writings for Chomsky by considering whether Chomsky’s linguistics presupposes the targeted notion of logical compulsion. We argue that Chomsky’s conception of linguistic competence in terms of successive states of the “language faculty” (containing the principles of universal grammar does presuppose this problematic notion. Chomsky responded to Kripke by devoting a chapter of his Knowledge of Language to defending this conception of linguistic competence against the Wittgensteinian arguments. We evaluate his response and argue that he has misidentified the threat to his linguistic project as consisting in the attack on its ‘individual psychology’ standpoint, rather than its commitment to logical compulsion. We conclude by arguing that Chomsky�

«Tiziano?», «Correggio?». Due expertises di Ludwig Baldass e Roberto Longhi nell’archivio di Antonio Morassi

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Giulio Zavatta

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The Photo Archive Antonio Morassi (Ca' Foscari University of Venice contains a unique file with photographs and expertises on two paintings attributed to Titian and Correggio. This paper aims to investigate the role played by the two art historians Ludwig Baldass and Roberto Longhi in this "affair", which represents an evocative case study for the history of Italian art market after the Second World War, and for the critical debate over Correggio and his legacy.

DESEJO DE LUZ: O CRISTIANISMO E O SURGIMENTO DA FILOSOFIA MODERNA EM LUDWIG FEUERBACH / A DESIRE FOR LIGHT: CHRISTIANITY AND THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY IN LUDWIG FEUERBACH

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Chrysantho Figueiredo

2015-04-01

Full Text Available This is a review of Ludwig Feuerbach’s book introduction Geshichte der Neuern Philosophie von Bacon bis Spinoza. The original text is in German, the review is in Portuguese. However, we present here, attached, the translated text, also unpublished and original. In 1841's The Essence of Christianity, Feuerbach presents in a most complete way his own version of the radical humanism which excited the young hegelians of his generation. However, it is between 1833 and 1838 that Feuerbach formulates his own philosophical point of view from the critique of the major philosophical systems of modernity. The History of Philosophy from Bacon to Spinoza, published in 1833, is the first of his historicalphilosophical works which, apart from the critique of the philosophers indicated by the title, presents also a singular feuerbachian vision of history as a whole, showing how modern philosophy emerges from the inherent contradictions of the Christian religious spirit.

Intelligibility in microbial complex systems: Wittgenstein and the score of life.

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Baquero, Fernando; Moya, Andrés

2012-01-01

Knowledge in microbiology is reaching an extreme level of diversification and complexity, which paradoxically results in a strong reduction in the intelligibility of microbial life. In our days, the "score of life" metaphor is more accurate to express the complexity of living systems than the classic "book of life." Music and life can be represented at lower hierarchical levels by music scores and genomic sequences, and such representations have a generational influence in the reproduction of music and life. If music can be considered as a representation of life, such representation remains as unthinkable as life itself. The analysis of scores and genomic sequences might provide mechanistic, phylogenetic, and evolutionary insights into music and life, but not about their real dynamics and nature, which is still maintained unthinkable, as was proposed by Wittgenstein. As complex systems, life or music is composed by thinkable and only showable parts, and a strategy of half-thinking, half-seeing is needed to expand knowledge. Complex models for complex systems, based on experiences on trans-hierarchical integrations, should be developed in order to provide a mixture of legibility and imageability of biological processes, which should lead to higher levels of intelligibility of microbial life.

Das perguntas wittgensteinianas à pedagogia das competências: ou desmontando a caixa-preta de Perrenoud

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Rafael Ferreira de Souza Mendes Pereira

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Este artigo faz parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado que se propõe a analisar conceitos educacionais e curriculares por meio da filosofia da linguagem elaborada por Ludwig Wittgenstein. Dessa perspectiva, examinamos alguns pressupostos teóricos da chamada pedagogia das competências e interrogamos se esse modelo pedagógico, em nome de pretensa renovação do ensino, não encorajaria a reificação de conceitos mentais concernentes ao processo de aprendizagem. Com este fim, abordamos a reformulação que essa pedagogia oferece a respeito de conceitos como aprender, saber, compreender, destacando as ambiguidades daí decorrentes. Argumenta-se que é possível obter uma leitura mais rigorosa das suas propostas de modernização pedagógica se investigarmos o uso dado a esses conceitos nos jogos de linguagem em que eles são mobilizados. Wittgenstein, na segunda fase de sua produção intelectual, mostrou como a negligência linguística à dinâmica que dá significado aos conceitos e metáforas referentes à nossa vida mental fez com que diversas filosofias assumissem um perfil metafísico. Este artigo não apenas examina como um fenômeno análogo pode ocorrer no campo pedagógico, como também defende que as ferramentas analíticas construídas por Wittgenstein podem ser usadas contra os diferentes dogmatismos pedagógicos. Desse modo, o artigo aponta vias alternativas de problematização acerca do significado das reformas dos sistemas escolares que têm buscado fundamentos naquela pedagogia.

[Ludwig Rehn (1849-1930) and his importance in the development of modern surgery].

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Sachs, M; Encke, A

1996-01-01

The unusual course of Ludwig Rehn's professional development directed him from a general practitioner close to Frankfurt am Main to his convocation as first Professor in ordinary for surgery to the Frankfurt University, which was newly established in 1914. Among his numerous publications, especially the following contributed immensely to the development of modern surgery: in 1884, he already described the healing of patients with Graves' disease by subtotal resection of the goiter; in 1885 he first described the high prevalence of bladder tumors in workers of an aniline factory; in 1886, he managed the first successful heart-suture after a stab-incision of the right ventricle; in 1897, he already performed an operation at the thoracal oesophagus, with an access via the posterior mediastinum; in 1920, he established the operative treatment (pericardectomy) of patients with a calcified pericarditis (armour heart).

Bomb-spike dating of a mummified baboon in Ludwig Cave, Namibia

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Hodgins Greg

2007-01-01

Full Text Available In 1982 a mummified adult female baboon was discovered on a ledge in Ludwig Cave in Namibia. A toe bone was removed for dating in July 1995. AMS radiocarbon dating of bone collagen, tendon, and skin indicates a post-modern age. Application of the atomic bomb-spike calibration curve suggests death in late 1977 and an age at death of around 19 years. Baboons roost in the cave and the mummified female, along with a mummified juvenile male discovered in 2002 and three rotting corpses discovered in 1995, were probably chased by other baboons or by leopards down a ca. 6 m drop during the rainy season, and were unable to climb the steep and very slippery slope to escape. The large number of baboons trapped in the cave in less than 20 years, and mummification of two individuals on dry, dusty ledges in the cave, may explain why large numbers of baboon skeletons have been discovered in ancient bone breccias (up to 4 Ma old in a number of caves throughout Southern Africa.

"On cyclic insanity" by Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum, MD: a translation and commentary.

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Baethge, Christopher; Salvatore, Paola; Baldessarini, Ross J

2003-01-01

Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum (1828-1899) spent most of his professional career as director of a private psychiatric sanatorium in Germany. He remains influential for introducing his "clinical method" (based on considering the course of an illness as well as the signs and symptoms) of differential diagnosis of specific psychiatric syndromes and urging abandonment of the more unitary views of psychotic disorders favored by the leading German academic theorists of his time. Kahlbaum's approach to nosology, detailed in an 1863 monograph and other works, strongly influenced Kraepelin's views. However, remarkably few of the important writings of this keen clinical observer are available in English translation. His seminal lecture-essay "On Cyclic Insanity" [Uber cyklisches Irresein] of 1882 is translated into English here for the first time, with comments about its place in the history of the evolution of the concept of bipolar disorder, including its position as a link between Falret's folie circulaire and Kraepelin's manic-depressive insanity.

On trying to say what “goes without saying”. Wittgenstein on certainty and ineffability

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Anna Boncompagni

2014-04-01

Full Text Available This paper offers a philosophical outlook on the subject of the communication of certainty and uncertainty, by focusing on the later Ludwig Wittgenstein’s image of “hinges”. Hinges are basic common sense certainties which ordinarily “go withoutsaying”. In a sense, they even require not to be said. Lingering over the debate on the ineffability of hinges which is at the core of the Wittgensteinian secondary literature, but also hinting at some studies in psychopathology, the paper argues that in extraordinary contexts to assert explicitly a hinge-certainty is possible and maybe important, while in ordinary contexts certainty can only be communicated through silence: when a certainty which “goes without saying” is explicitly said, the situation paradoxically results in uncertainty.

Beyond Wittgenstein's remarks on the foundation of mathematics: Explication of Piaget's suggestion of a biological foundation

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Carmesin, Hans-Otto

1992-06-01

Knowing about the axiomatic aspects of mathematics, Wittgenstein asked the more fundamental question: ‘But then what does the peculiar inexorability of mathematics consist in?’. He answers the question partially by saying: ‘Then do you want to say that “being true” means: being usable (or useful)? — No, not that; but that it can't be said of the series of natural numbers — any more than of our language —that it is true, but: that it is usable, and, above all, it is used’. Here it will be demonstrated that there is another aspect ‘to be said of the series of natural numbers’, besides the mere fact that they are used or usable, namely a biological one, as has been suggested, though not explicated, by Piaget.

Ludwig Edelstein (1902-1965): a German historian of medicine in North American exile and the emergence of the modern Hippocratic Oath.

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Pow, Stephen; Stahnisch, Frank W

2016-11-01

Already emerging as an original thinker in the field of classical philology and history of medicine, German scholar Ludwig Edelstein became one of many scholars who lost his academic position when the National Socialists came to power in early 1933. This paper details his life before and after his difficult transition from Europe to North America, while reviewing the lasting significance of his translation and commentary on the Hippocratic Oath. © The Author(s) 2015.

Response to inquiry request from the Ludwig, Schilthuis, Boonstra, Wright, Bryzgorni and Johnstone families and Dr. W. O. Scott

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2000-01-01

An EUB inquiry into oil and gas activities in the Hythe and Beaverlodge area in Alberta was requested by a number of families and individuals, living near the area, complaining of emissions from petroleum operations, as well as expressing concerns about increasing community frustration and intentional damage to petroleum facilities. During the Board's consideration of the request two members of the group, Wiebo Ludwig and Richard Boonstra, were charged with criminal offences related to damage to oil and gas facilities in northwestern Alberta. They were tried and convicted for these offences in April 2000. Subsequently, the Board denied the request for an inquiry on the grounds that the oil and gas operations identified by the families have been conducted in compliance with the terms of the respective companies' approvals, licences and permits, and the operations conformed to provincial standards. Furthermore, the families, especially the Ludwig, Boonstra and Schilthuis families, have consistently demonstrated a lack of cooperation over the years in participating in efforts initiated by the Board, industry and government, to find solutions to their concerns. Also, the Board found no objective evidence that the harmful effects identified by the families resulted from the lawful activities of the energy companies operating in the Hythe area. This Memorandum of Decision contains the detailed reasoning of the Board for denying the request for an inquiry, and to provide context, including facts about the extent, scope and performance of oil and gas operations in the area. 2 figs

Carl Ludwig's (1847) and Pavel Petrovich Einbrodt's (1860) physiological research and its implications for modern cardiovascular science: translator's notes relating to the English translation of two seminal papers.

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Schaefer, Jochen; Lohff, Brigitte; Dittmer, Janke Jörn

2014-08-01

Respiratory interactions with the heart have remained a challenging physiological phenomenon since their discovery more than two hundred and fifty years ago. In the course of translating the seminal publications of Carl Ludwig and his disciple Pavel Petrovich Einbrodt into English, we became aware of some under-appreciated aspects of their work that contain useful insights into the history of the phenomenon now called respiratory arrhythmia. Ludwig observed arrhythmic effects of respiratory movements in experiments on dogs and horses and published his findings in 1847. He subsequently undertook further work on this problem, together with Einbrodt. Already in 1847 Ludwig had mentioned an exciting observation on the possible role of mechanical factors of the respiratory movements on the action of the heart in a dog in whom he had artificially induced bouts of coughing. Einbrodt decided to systematically develop methods to increase or decrease the pressure of the air the animal had to breathe. He observed that this procedure led to a greater or lesser degree of compression or decompression of all the organs in the thoracic cavity without apparently causing harmful consequences during the time of its application. How the mechanical influence of breathing affects cardiac activity during respiratory arrhythmia has been the subject of scientific discussions and controversies over a period of more than 150 years and is still unresolved. Recent publications suggest that cardiac mechano-electrical coupling plays an important role in the emergence of cardio-respiratory interdependence. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Kahulugan at Kairalan

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Napoleon M. Mabaquiao Jr.

2000-12-01

Full Text Available This essay is a general analysis of how certain ways of understanding the meaningfulness of words (or how certain ways of explaining how words acquire meaning can affect beliefs regarding what exists in the world. The main focus is the philosophical controversy regarding the meaning of general terms. Accordingly, traditional approaches to this issue disagree on the kinds of entities that ought to exist in order for these terms to be meaningful. The author's analysis of this controversy proceeds as follows. First, it is explained how philosophers classify entities into several kinds and how they generally argue in support of their preference for certain types of entities over others. This discussion also distinguishes the method of linguistic analysis from other philosophical methods in dealing with ontological issues (or issues concerning existence. Then, the claims and arguments of the traditional accounts of the meaning of general terms are presented and explained. Lastly, these accounts are criticized using the perspective of the use theory of meaning of the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. Among others, it is shown that the said accounts all assume the referential theory of meaning, which Wittgenstein strongly criticizes. At the latter part, the author also gives his reflections, in the light of this discourse, on the concept of Filipino as it relates to the issue of national identity.

Filosofía: morfología sin ley. Goethe y Wittgenstein sobre el límite de la ciencia

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José Francisco Sánchez Osorio

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The present text exposes the influence of Goethe’s morphology on Wittgenstein’s concept of perspicuous representation. Through this process, it is demonstrated that Goethe and Wittgenstein, each in their manner, in different periods of time and in different working fields, made an effort to combat the univocal explication of science. Beside this similarity, a radical difference between these two authors is presented. In fact, even if both combat the causal manner of considering things, Goethe’s morphology is presented as a different form of carrying out science engaged, however, in the search of laws, whilst Wittgenstein’s practice of philosophy is totally unconnected to any search of laws.

31st Annual Conference of the Gesellschaft für Klassifikation e.V., Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg

CERN Document Server

Burkhardt, Hans; Schmidt-Thieme, Lars; Decker, Reinhold

2008-01-01

Data analysis and machine learning are research areas at the intersection of computer science, artificial intelligence, mathematics and statistics. They cover general methods and techniques that can be applied to a vast set of applications such as web and text mining, marketing, medical science, bioinformatics and business intelligence. This volume contains the revised versions of selected papers in the field of data analysis, machine learning and applications presented during the 31st Annual Conference of the German Classification Society (Gesellschaft für Klassifikation - GfKl). The conference was held at the Albert-Ludwigs-University in Freiburg, Germany, in March 2007.

Mortimer Frank, Johann Ludwig Choulant, and the history of anatomical illustration.

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Feibel, Robert M

2018-01-01

Mortimer Frank (1874-1919) was an ophthalmologist in Chicago, Illinois. He published a number of papers on the history of medicine, and was secretary of the Chicago Society of the History of Medicine and editor of their Bulletin. His major contribution to the history of medicine relates to the history of anatomical illustration. The classic book on that subject had been published in 1852 in German by the physician and historian, Johann Ludwig Choulant (1791-1861). However, by Frank's time this text was both out dated and out of print. Frank took on the tremendous project of translating Choulant's German text into English as History and Bibliography of Anatomic Illustration in Its Relation to Anatomic Science and The Graphic Arts. He improved Choulant's text with the results of his and other scholars' research, greatly enlarging the text. Frank supplemented the original book with a biography of Choulant, essays on anatomists not considered in the original text, and an essay on the history of anatomical illustration prior to those authors discussed by Choulant. This book, now referred to as Choulant/Frank, has been reprinted several times, and is still useful as a reference in this field, though some of its research is now dated.

Depending on Ethics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Anne-Marie Søndergaard

2007-01-01

According to the standard reception, Kierkegaard thinks of ethics as a possible stage in human life. In this paper, I do not want to contest this interpretation, but I will argue that it often overlooks how the concept of ethics plays another vital role in Kierkegaard's thinking, namely...... that of establishing a necessary connection between ethics and certain forms of philosophy. To avoid the unfruitful thinking of ‘the speculation', the philosopher must accept that her vantage point is given, not in pure objectivity, but in the fact that she is this particular human being; that is, the ethical...... dimension of her life. In this way, Kierkegaard claims that any philosophy concerning human existence must also include ethical considerations. This is a view also held by Ludwig Wittgenstein, but a comparison of the two philosophers shows that even if Kierkegaard finds such fruitful philosophy possible, he...

“The Role of Innocent Guilt in Conflict Reconciliation”

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Christensen, Anne-Marie Søndergaard

2013-01-01

The phenomenon of ‘innocent guilt’ regards cases where people feel guilty without being responsible for the wrongdoing or suffering at which the guilt is directed. The aim of this article is to develop a consistent account of innocent guilt and show how it may arise in the aftermath of conflicts....... In order to do this, innocent guilt is contrasted with guilt and collective guilt, and the account is substantiated by drawing on the writings of Ludwig Wittgenstein and Emmanuel Levinas,who both consider the phenomenon of innocent guilt a necessary element in the fundamental structure of the ethical...... subject.These thinkers, furthermore, show a connection between guilt and possible victims of wrongdoing, rather than between guilt and personal acts of wrongdoing. Innocent guilt may thus appear in the aftermath of conflicts as an ethical and emotional response to the fact of finding oneself in a post-conflict...

Aesthetic concepts, perceptual learning, and linguistic enculturation: considerations from Wittgenstein, language, and music.

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Croom, Adam M

2012-03-01

Aesthetic non-cognitivists deny that aesthetic statements express genuinely aesthetic beliefs and instead hold that they work primarily to express something non-cognitive, such as attitudes of approval or disapproval, or desire. Non-cognitivists deny that aesthetic statements express aesthetic beliefs because they deny that there are aesthetic features in the world for aesthetic beliefs to represent. Their assumption, shared by scientists and theorists of mind alike, was that language-users possess cognitive mechanisms with which to objectively grasp abstract rules fixed independently of human responses, and that cognizers are thereby capable of grasping rules for the correct application of aesthetic concepts without relying on evaluation or enculturation. However, in this article I use Wittgenstein's rule-following considerations to argue that psychological theories grounded upon this so-called objective model of rule-following fail to adequately account for concept acquisition and mastery. I argue that this is because linguistic enculturation, and the perceptual learning that's often involved, influences and enables the mastery of aesthetic concepts. I argue that part of what's involved in speaking aesthetically is to belong to a cultural practice of making sense of things aesthetically, and that it's within a socio-linguistic community, and that community's practices, that such aesthetic sense can be made intelligible.

On the making of a system theory of life: Paul A Weiss and Ludwig von Bertalanffy's conceptual connection.

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Drack, Manfred; Apfalter, Wilfried; Pouvreau, David

2007-12-01

In this article, we review how two eminent Viennese system thinkers, Paul A Weiss and Ludwig von Bertalanffy, began to develop their own perspectives toward a system theory of life in the 1920s. Their work is especially rooted in experimental biology as performed at the Biologische Versuchsanstalt, as well as in philosophy, and they converge in basic concepts. We underline the conceptual connections of their thinking, among them the organism as an organized system, hierarchical organization, and primary activity. With their system thinking, both biologists shared a strong desire to overcome what they viewed as a "mechanistic" approach in biology. Their interpretations are relevant to the renaissance of system thinking in biology--"systems biology." Unless otherwise noted, all translations are our own.

Täter- und Opfergeschichten. Schuld in Alois Hotschnigs Prosawerken «Aus», «Leonardos Hände» und «Ludwigs Zimmer»

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Friederike Gösweiner

2014-05-01

Full Text Available The assumption this article is based on is that guilt is perhaps the most important theme in Alois Hotschnig’s writing. This article therefore aims at analyzing Hotschnig’s focus on the theme of guilt in his novels. Three examples of Hotschnig’s prose work serve as case studies: his debut Aus, and the two novels Leonardos Hände, and Ludwigs Zimmer. Since guilt seems to be a very important topic in the Austrian literary tradition, this article also tries to establish whether and how Hotschnig takes up this grand Austrian tradition of writing about guilt.

Ludwig, un roi sur la lune : l’histoire d’un roi fou jouée par des comédien.ne.s en situation de handicap mental

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Marie Astier

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Ludwig, un roi sur la lune, spectacle mis en scène par Madeleine Louarn avec les comédien.ne.s professionnels en situation de handicap mental de l’Atelier Catalyse et présenté lors de la dernière édition du Festival d’Avignon n’est pas une reconstitution historique de la vie de Louis II de Bavière, roi du XIXe siècle diagnostiqué paranoïaque et destitué pour être interné, mais une tentative de transcrire théâtralement la perception du monde d’un homme amoureux de l’Art, de la nature et des hommes, mais qui devait être Roi. Ce n’est ni un personnage ni des comédien.ne.s « handicapé.e.s » que nous sommes invités à voir, mais les visions de Ludwig incarnées par des comédien.ne.s qui se trouvent être en situation de handicap mental. Dans ce spectacle, la « folie » devenue plus tard « handicap mental » apparaît sous les traits de la non-conformité bien plus que sous ceux de la pathologie.

‘Wo soll ich hinfliehen vor diesem Mensch?’: Een luisteroefening in Ludwig Hofacker (1797−1828

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Johan Kommers

2013-09-01

Full Text Available De aanwezigheid van de levende God in preken kunnen wij niet terzijde stellen of verontachtzamen. Waar dit wel gebeurt, daar wordt verkondiging een voordracht, zonder de volmacht. Orthodoxie komt in ademnood wanneer exegese en dogmatiek opgaan in een aantal meningen en waarbij het getuigenis van de Bijbel op de achtergrond komt. Ludwig Hofacker (1798–18281 was een prediker die in bijbelonderzoek en prediking zijn oor te luisteren legde aan de Bron. Het Woord van God was voor hem hét homiletisch magazijn. Dat nu nog steeds, in de 21e eeuw, zijn preken gelezen worden, geeft aan dat zijn erfenis een opmerkelijke is. Hij pakte het probleem van de geestelijke dorheid op in een tijd gekenmerkt door het opkomend klimaat van het humanistisch rationalisme. Hofackers prediking geeft weer waar het werkelijk om gaat: Christus alleen. Deze preken laten ook de prediker zelf zien. Zijn stem roept op wat de Reformatie zo na aan het hart lag, en de cadenzen van het sola gratia, sola Scriptura, en het sola fide zijn in elke preek te horen. Het religieuze eigene van Hofacker sluit grote missionaire bewogenheid in. In sermons we cannot disregard the presence of the living God, otherwise preaching will become a performance, without divine authority. Orthodoxy will be gasping for breath when exegesis and dogmatic theology are wholly absorbed in a number of opinions, causing biblical testimony to recede into the background. Ludwig Hofacker (1798–1828, was a preacher who in Bible study and preaching put his ears to the Fountain. The Word of God was his sole homiletic storehouse. Today, in our 21st century, his sermons are still being read. This indicates that he left us a remarkable body of work. He tackled the problem of spiritual dearth in a time of emerging humanistic rationalism. Hofacker’s preaching reflected his core belief: Christ only. His sermons also reflect the preacher himself. His voice clearly recalls what was held so dear in the Reformation, and

Trust and truth: uncertainty in health care practice.

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Tyreman, Stephen

2015-06-01

Uncertainty is the ubiquitous presence across health care. It is usually understood in terms of decision making, 'knowing' the correct diagnosis or understanding how the human body works. Using the work of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Georges Canguilhem and Tim Ingold, I outline a story of journeying and habitation, and argue that while uncertainty for practitioners may be about enhancing theoretical knowledge, for patients it is about knowing how to act in a taken-for-granted and largely unconscious way in a world that has become uncertain, and in which the main tool of action, the human body, no longer functions with the certainty it once had. In this situation, the role of the practitioner is first and foremost to recognize the uncertainty that has emerged in the patient's 'habitation' and to reassure them by enabling them to have a new or restored confidence in their body so that they can act with certainty. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ON THE MAKING OF A SYSTEM THEORY OF LIFE: PAUL A WEISS AND LUDWIG VON BERTALANFFY’S CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION

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Drack, Manfred; Apfalter, Wilfried; Pouvreau, David

2010-01-01

In this article, we review how two eminent Viennese system thinkers, Paul A Weiss and Ludwig von Bertalanffy, began to develop their own perspectives toward a system theory of life in the 1920s. Their work is especially rooted in experimental biology as performed at the Biologische Versuchsanstalt, as well as in philosophy, and they converge in basic concepts. We underline the conceptual connections of their thinking, among them the organism as an organized system, hierarchical organization, and primary activity. With their system thinking, both biologists shared a strong desire to overcome what they viewed as a “mechanistic” approach in biology. Their interpretations are relevant to the renaissance of system thinking in biology—“systems biology.” Unless otherwise noted, all translations are our own. PMID:18217527

Chi ha paura del relativismo? Peirce, Wittgenstein, Vygotski e le radici linguistiche della conoscenza (non della realtà.

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Letizia Caronia

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Le derive decostruzioniste e antirealiste e la discutibile equivalenza tra relativismo e disimpegno scettico hanno necessariamente prodotto un richiamo al realismo e un ennesimo appello alla necessità di una fondazione ultima delle conoscenze, delle decisioni e delle pratiche. Stiamo gettando via il bambino insieme all’acqua sporca? Questo articolo argomenta la tesi dell’irritante ineluttabilità del costruttivismo. Attraverso un riordinamento delle categorie pertinenti e sulla scorta del pensiero di Peirce, Wittgenstein e Vygotsky, si sostiene che il costruttivismo a presuppone una ontologia realista; b afferma che la realtà sia osservabile, rappresentabile, descrivibile; c implica una definizione di verità come corrispondenza ma nega che sia possibile individuare quell’ “una e una sola” descrizione della realtà che corrisponderebbe alla realtà in modi indipendenti dal linguaggio. Nelle sezioni conclusive si discutono le implicazioni del costruttivismo realista. In particolare ci si propone di dimostrare l’ineludibile e radicale appello alla responsabilità proprio – malgrado le apparenze – di uno dei corollati del costruttivismo: la relatività concettuale e la connessa questione della relatività epistemica.

Johannes Ludwig Janson, professor of veterinary medicine in Tokyo in 1880-1902 - contribution to German-Japanese medical relations, part IV.

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Kast, Alexander

2010-01-01

Among the German pioneers of Western medicine in Japan (8, 12) during the Meiji period (1868-1912), veterinary officer Johannes Ludwig Janson (1849-1914) was one of the most important figures. He arrived in Tokyo in October 1880 and taught at the Veterinary School in Komaba. During his tenure, the school in Komaba was integrated into the School of Agriculture of the Imperial University of Tokyo. Numerous of his graduates occupied high public offices. Among his publications, those about domestic animals and veterinary medicine in Japan deserve special attention. He married a Japanese girl and continued teaching in Komaba until 1902. He found his last resting place in Kagoshima, the native place of his wife. To this day, the Japanese consider Janson the founder of modern veterinary medicine in their country.

Dwudziestowieczna filozofia analityczna. O pewnej próbie całościowego ujęcia (TWENTIETH-CENTURY ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY. ON A RECENT ATTEMPT OF ITS GENERAL ACCOUNT

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Tadeusz Szubka

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Although analytic philosophy is a major movement shaping contemporary philosophy, there are not too many historical accounts of that movement which would be comprehensive, unified and sufficiently detailed. An impressive attempt to fill in this lacuna is the two-volume book 'Philosophical Analysis in the Twentieth Century', modestly described by its author Scott Soames (renowned mainly for his work in the philosophy of language as 'an introductory overview of the analytic tradition in philosophy covering roughly the period between 1900 and 1975'. The first volume discusses the philosophy of G.E. Moore, the most influential views of Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein's 'Tractatus', logical positivism (including emotivism in ethics and reaction against it, as well as the early philosophy of W.V. Quine. The second volume continues the story of analytic philosophy by providing an account of the later philosophy of Wittgenstein, the ordinary language philosophy and its demise, the philosophical naturalism of W.V. Quine, the theory of meaning of Donald Davidson, and finally Saul Kripke's seminal philosophy of language and its wide-ranging implications. The book contains also a short epilogue outlining the direction taken by analytic philosophy in the last quarter of the twentieth century. The two volumes of Soames' account of contemporary analytic tradition are packed with lucid, sophisticated and detailed discussions of various views of major thinkers of that tradition. However, besides these merits the book by Soames has several weaker points. It defines analytic philosophy in a rather loose and unspecific manner, as well as gives an arbitrarily selective and unbalanced account of its recent developments.

Wittgenstein, the body, its metaphors Wittgenstein, o corpo, suas metáforas

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Helena Martins

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Contemporary theories of metaphor often give the body a foundational status, by claiming that it provides the universal ground upon which imagination engenders figurative thought. This paper goes against this idea, discussing the relationship between the body and metaphor from a non foundationalist point of view. Taking a Wittgensteinean stance on metaphor and on the body, it aims to provide elements to rethink the issue, exploring in particular the path open by the Austrian philosopher in his critique of traditional mental/ physical, inner/outer dichotomies.Teorias contemporâneas da metáfora amiúde incluem o corpo entre seus fundamentos últimos, sustentando que nossa experiência corpórea constitui o solo universal de onde a imaginação faz brotar o pensamento figurativo. Contrapondo-se a essa tese, este trabalho busca discutir a relação entre corpo e metáfora de uma perspectiva não fundacionalista. A partir de um ponto de vista wittgensteiniano quanto aos estatutos do corpo e da metáfora, busca fornecer elementos para repensar a questão, explorando em particular o caminho aberto pelo filósofo austríaco em sua crítica às dicotomias físico/mental, exterior/interior.

Language, games and the role of interpreters in psychiatric diagnosis: a Wittgensteinian thought experiment.

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Thomas, P; Shah, A; Thornton, T

2009-06-01

British society is becoming increasingly culturally and linguistically diverse. This poses a major challenge to mental health services charged with the responsibility to work in ways that respect cultural and linguistic difference. In this paper we investigate the problems of interpretation in the diagnosis of depression using a thought experiment to demonstrate important features of language-games, an idea introduced by Ludwig Wittgenstein in his late work, Philosophical investigations. The thought experiment draws attention to the importance of culture and contexts in understanding the meaning of particular utterances. This has implications not only for how we understand the role of interpreters in clinical settings, and who might best be suited to function in such a role, but more generally it draws attention to the importance of involving members of black minority ethnic (BME) communities in working alongside mainstream mental health services. We conclude that the involvement of BME community development workers inside, alongside and outside statutory services can potentially improve the quality of care for people from BME communities who use these services.

Foreword

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Jean-Pierre Cometti

2013-05-01

Full Text Available The essays collected in this issue all stem from talks delivered at the International Conference, Aesthetic preferences, language games and forms of life: from Ludwig Wittgenstein, which was held on 23-25 January 2013 in the Aula Magna of the Faculty of Education at the University of Florence. Contributions are here published in the same order they were presented at the Conference. With fruitful variety of approach, the entire thematic spectrum of the relationship between Wittgenstein and aesthetics is covered: 1 the question of the presence of specific aesthetic issues in Wittgenstein’s works: from aesthetic judgment to the concept of the beautiful (J.-P. Cometti, G. Tomasi, G. Matteucci; 2 the question of the aesthetic paradigm as the key to understanding Wittgenstein’s philosophical research as a whole as well as the philosopher’s unmistakable style (F. Desideri, S. Säätelä, S. Borutti, F. Valagussa; 3 the issue concerning the crucial difference between showing and saying and the thin boundaries between sense and nonsense (V. Sanfélix, L. Distaso, M. De Iaco; 4 the peculiar, but extremely relevant, question concerning the relationship between music and language (J. Schulte, A. Arbo; 5 the question of the expressive character of the work of art and of the linguistic nature of poetry, considered as a vantage point for the pursuit of the analysis of linguistic facts, as well as the issue of the literary form of Wittgenstein’s later philosophy, with its deeply romantic character (M.W. Rowe, G. Di Giacomo; 6 the controversial issue of "seeing-as" and of its role within theories of depiction and pictoriality (K. Stock, A. Voltolini, E. Caldarola, E. Terrone.

Religión, racionalidad y juegos del lenguaje. Trastienda teórica para una aproximación reflexiva a las nuevas religiones Religión, racionalidad y juegos del lenguaje. Trastienda teórica para una aproximación reflexiva a las nuevas religiones

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Manuela Cantón Delgado

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza las relaciones entre religión, racionalidad y el tipo de relativismo procedente de las propuestas de la Filosofía del lenguaje cotidiano. Es el caso de la teoría de los «juegos del lenguaje » de L. Wittgenstein y la consideración de la religión como uno de esos juegos auto-contenidos cuya explicación no debe buscarse fuera de las reglas que le son propias. En primer lugar, se retoman los presupuestos idealistas de algunos funcionalistas británicos, principalmente de E.E. Evans-Pritchard en su segunda etapa. Sigue un repaso a la propuesta filosófica y lingüística de Wittgenstein y de P. Winch, para cerrar analizando la reacción positivista de autores como R. Horton, I.C. Jarvie o E. Gellner. Las implicaciones epistemológicas y metodológicas de este conjunto de ideas, en torno por ejemplo a cuestiones como la pertinencia de la comprensión (Verstehen en el abordaje de los datos de la ciencia social, pueden ayudarnos a pensar cómo tratar los viejos y nuevos sistemas religiosos en tanto que universos de producción de sentido. Este es, precisamente, el objetivo de estas páginas. En este artículo se describen y discuten las tres aproximaciones principales al estudio antropológico de la religión (simbolista, contextualista e intelectualista, y se recuerda su pertinencia en el análisis de las nuevas religiones que compiten en la actualidad por el monopolio de campo religioso.This article analyzes the relations between religion, rationality and the relativism of the Commont Language Philosophy. This is the case of Wittgenstein’s «Language Games» Theory, who considers religion a self sufficient game whose explanation must be found inside its own rules. First, we explore the idealistic propositions of some british functionalists, mainly Evans-Pritchard second phase’ ideas. Second, we analyze the philosophical and lingüistical propositions of Wittgenstein and Winch (related to religion, and finally we are

Phantoms in artists: the lost limbs of Blaise Cendrars,Arthur Rimbaud, and Paul Wittgenstein.

Science.gov (United States)

Tatu, Laurent; Bogousslavsky, Julien; Boller, François

2014-01-01

There have been an increasing number of reports of postamputation pain and problems linked to phantom limbs over recent years, particularly in relation to war-related amputations. These problems, which are often poorly understood and considered rather mysterious, are still relevant because they are difficult to treat medically. Functional neuroimaging techniques now enable us to better understand their pathophysiology and to consider new rehabilitation techniques. Phantom limbs have often been a source of inspiration to writers, particularly in the period following the First World War, which was responsible for thousands of amputees. Some artists have suffered from postamputation complications themselves and have expressed them through their artistic works. Blaise Cendrars (1887-1961), one of the greatest authors of the twentieth century, suffered from stump pain and phantom limb phenomena for almost half a century following the amputation of his right arm during the First World War. He suffered from these phenomena until the end of his life and his literary work and personal correspondence are peppered with references to them. Arthur Rimbaud (1854-1891), one of the most famous poets in world literature, developed severe stump pain after his right leg was amputated due to a tumor. He survived for only six months after the procedure but left behind an account of the pain he experienced in correspondence to his family. The famous pianist Paul Wittgenstein (1887-1961), whose right arm was amputated during the First World War, became a famous left-handed concert pianist. The phantom movements of his right hand helped him to develop the dexterity of his left hand. The impact on the artistic life of these three men provides an original illustration of the various postamputation complications, specifically phantom limbs, stump pain, and moving phantom.

Os jogos de linguagem do processo de produção da farinha de mandioca: uma investigação Etnomatemática

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Alice Stephanie Tapia Sartori

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The article aims to analyze the rationality employed in the cassava flour farmers' production in a mill located in the Ibiraquera neighborhood of the Imbituba city in Santa Catarina - Brazil. In this study we will emphasize the planting and harvesting of cassava, and procedures of its processing into flour, based on a qualitative methodology of ethnographic inspiration. We conducted a description from direct observations and semi-structured interviews, in addition to field diaries, and photographic and filmic records. We analyze the material from the theoretical framework of Ethnomathematics. Our main goal with this approach is to distance us radically from attempts to frame popular knowledge in terms of the hegemonic knowledge of mathematics. This paper discusses the insurrection of subjugated knowledges within their specific language games. In this sense, we use the theories of Michel Foucault on subjugated knowledges and of Ludwig Wittgenstein in his second phase, about the language limits. Finally, we suggest that research can enable a reflection on pedagogical practices, in relation to the curriculum and ways of dealing with mathematical school knowledge and the knowledge produced by other ways of life.

Silence, an Eye of Knowledge

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Mehdi Aghamohammadi

2017-04-01

Full Text Available One of the conspicuous features of the twentieth-century West was silence. This idea could be supported by examining reflections of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Fritz Mauthner, John Cage, Samuel Beckett, Ihab Hassan, Franz Kafka, Wassily Kandinsky, Jean-Paul Sartre, Virginia Woolf, Wolfgang Iser, Jacques Derrida, and Pierre Macherey. To me, silence is not a mere theory, but rather a phenomenon from which we can get practical benefits. I believe silence is an eye, eye of knowledge. We can broaden our knowledge of the world through silence. To convey the idea that silence is an eye, I have concocted the word slence, where  has replaced the letter i and stands for the eye. This means knowledge can enable us to see, thereby acquiring knowledge of, what used to be invisible, and accordingly unknowable. In other words, through silence, we can achieve a certain type of literacy. I substantiate this claim by exploring the Horus myth, Ojo de Dios, John Cage’s 4' 33", the nature of Expressionist paintings, Hinduism, thoughts of Hermes Trismegistus and Ibn al-Arabi, and practices of Mohammad, the prophet of Islam.

The Logic of Definition

Science.gov (United States)

2009-05-01

Wittgenstein , in his Philosophical Investigations (1953), observed that, for many phenomena, there are no necessary conditions common to all members of... Wittgenstein 1953: §66, p.27e). Wittgenstein refers to these overlapping similarities as “family resemblances” (Ibid., §67, p.27e). Few, if any, of...that is, we may resort to stipulative definition). But this is not necessary for the concept to be usable. Indeed, as Wittgenstein says, sometimes

Linguagens manifestadas por (futuros professores que ensinam matemática em tarefas de multiplicação e divisão

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Michele Regiane Dias Veronez

2015-11-01

Full Text Available By assuming that different languages permeate tasks developed in Mathematics classrooms and that these languages may signal the (lack of knowledge of agents who participate in them, we bring to discussion in this paper, according to Ludwig Wittgenstein’s premises (2009 about language, how students in an undergraduate Education course deal with multiplication and division operations. Supported by Wittgenstein’s notions of language games, we seek to identify the games which are present in actions of these students as they solve the tasks proposed, and the family resemblances saved among them. Therefore, we analyzed productions of students (scripts in natural language, scripts in mathematical language, scripts in pictorial language, as well as transcripts of recordings of their involvement with the tasks. On one hand, the analysis shows that, despite the occurrence of a variety of languages, the mathematical language seems to validate mathematical knowledge. On the other hand, in students’ productions, the languages keep, in general, family resemblances, from a game to another, to a third game, or within own the game. Despite such similarities, inconsistencies related to the conceptual development of students’ multiplication and division, often sustained in routine expressions in the classroom, lead us to infer that there is a lack of epistemological depth related to these operations, and therefore to the decimal numeration system. Ao assumir que diferentes linguagens permeiam as tarefas desenvolvidas nas salas de aula de Matemática e podem sinalizar os (desconhecimentos dos agentes que delas participam, trazemos para discussão, neste artigo, segundo os pressupostos de Ludwig Wittgenstein (2009 a respeito da linguagem, como alunas de um curso de Pedagogia lidam com operações de multiplicação e divisão. Amparados nas noções wittgensteinianas de jogos de linguagem, buscamos identificar os jogos que se encontram presentes nas a

Dialogue-Games: Meta-Communication Structures for Natural Language Interaction

Science.gov (United States)

1977-01-01

analogy from Wittgenstein’s term "language game" ( Wittgenstein , 1958). However, Dialogue-games represent knowledge people have about language as used to...and memory of narrative discourse. CoRtiiiive PsycholoRy, 1977, 9, 77-110. Wittgenstein , L. Philosophical inve-ÜRalions (3rd ed.). New York

Spontaneous Discovery and Use of Categorical Structure

Science.gov (United States)

1993-02-15

defaults (e.g., 4 Wittgenstein , 1953; Rosch, 1975, 1977). In a second set of study time experiments, we have begun to extend this procedure to investigate...Psychological Review, 84, 327-352. Wittgenstein , L. (1953). Philosophical investigations. Oxford: Blackwell. 25 Footnotes This research was supported...point, because the features of natural categories are generally considered to be probabilistic rather than deterministic ( Wittgenstein , 1953; Rosch

Die Einführung des "Intensivstudium München" in das Curriculum der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München [Introducing a clinical rotation system into the curriculum of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich

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Stadler, Oliver

2008-11-01

Full Text Available [english] In April 2005, a clinical rotation was introduced in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich to improve quality of clinical education. The eigth and ninth semesters were merged into one semester, and the prescribed semester breaks were abandoned. The clinical year was divided into 14 rotations of 3.5 weeks each and included a 3-week break over Christmas and New Year’s. Each clinic offers a range of different rotations among which students have to choose six. Because of the general nature of Germany’s veterinary license, which includes all species and clinical disciplines, students are required to follow certain guidelines while selecting their preferred rotations. For each student, a mandatory 7-week rotation is required in which pathology, food hygiene, and animal welfare is taught. Due to various constraints, the numbers of students admitted to different rotations varies, and therefore not all requests for rotations can be fulfilled. To this end, students are not only asked to indicate their favourite six rotations but also to rank these in order of preference during registration. If demand turns out to exceed the rotations offered, then an alternative rotation is assigned to a student depending on ranked preferences. In an attempt to control quality of new curriculum, student performance is evaluated after each block in nearly all of their rotations. In addition, students are invited to evaluate teachers as well as facilities. [german] Im Sommersemester 2005 wurde an der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München das „Intensivstudium München“ („Klinische Rotation“ in Form eines Rotationssystems eingeführt. Diese Umstellung hatte die Verbesserung der Qualität der klinischen Ausbildung zum Ziel. Das bisherige achte und neunte Fachsemester wurden zu einem Studienjahr zusammengefasst; die davor übliche Unterteilung in allgemein gültige Vorlesungs- und

On the history of Ludwig von Bertalanffy's "general systemology", and on its relationship to cybernetics - Part II: Contexts and developments of the systemological hermeneutics instigated by von Bertalanffy

Science.gov (United States)

Pouvreau, David

2014-02-01

The history of "general system theory" is investigated in order to clarify its meanings, vocations, foundations and achievements. It is characterized as the project of a science of the systemic interpretation of the "real", renamed here "general systemology". The contexts and modes of its elaboration, publication and implementation are discussed. The paper mostly focuses on the works of its instigator: Ludwig von Bertalanffy. However, general systemology was a collective project: the main contributions of other "systemologists", from the 1950s until the 1970s, are hence also considered. Its solidarity with the history of the Society for General Systems Research is notably discussed. A reconstruction of the systemological hermeneutics is undertaken on this basis. It finds out the potential systematic unity underlying the diversity of the contributions to this both scientific and philosophical project. Light is thus shed on the actual scope of von Bertalanffy's works.

Fronteiras, violência e o trabalho do tempo: alguns temas wittgensteinianos

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Das Veena

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Trabalhos recentes sugerem que, quando se contempla a violência, atinge-se uma espécie de limite da capacidade de representar. O caso da Partição da Índia, em 1947, fornece um desses "dramas de horror", por seus atos hediondos de grande escala. Este ensaio trata da domesticação da violência, atualizada na história de uma família urbana do Punjabi, e da necessidade do "trabalho do tempo" para permitir sua cicatrização. Recuperando idéias de Wittgenstein para a Antropologia, a autora mostra como o trabalho do tempo, não sua imagem ou representação, serve para testar o sentido do que é humano quando a linguagem falha ou simplesmente não existe.

[Requirements for final year medical studies in the era of generation Y - implementation for general and visceral surgery at the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich].

Science.gov (United States)

Albertsmeier, M; Pratschke, S; Raes, P; Werner, J; Angele, M K

2014-12-01

The revision of the medical licensing regulations in 2012 has changed the underlying conditions for the practical year (PY), especially in the sense of markedly more flexibility for the medical students. The driving force for these and future changes, however, is not the legislature but rather the students themselves who are explicitly demanding that their training be adapted to their requirements and wishes. Time for the realisation of personal aims, planning of leisure time activities, for the family and social contacts as well as an altogether balanced work-life balance have replaced the wish for professional advancement as premise for the lifestyle of generation Y. Many hospitals, especially the privately-supported, attract students with special offers - university hospitals are called upon to defend their position in the competition for newly qualified students. The present article describes the changes of 2012 as part of a programme for a sustainable increase in the attractivity of the surgical PY at the Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU) in Munich. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Bases para a compreensão da hermenêutica jurídica em tempos de superação do esquema sujeito-objeto

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Lenio Luiz Streck

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Em pleno Estado Democrático de Direito, ainterpretação do direito não tem conseguidoultrapassar o esquema sujeito-objeto, o que se deve anão incorporação do paradigma da intersubjetividade,forjado nas teses desenvolvidas no século XX porWittgenstein e Heidegger. Nesse sentido, as diversasteorias discursivo-procedimentais (argumentativas dodireito continuam a operar com a cisão entre easycases e hard cases, regra e princípio e discursos dejustificação e discursos de aplicação. Comoconseqüência, não superaram o problema das múltiplasrespostas, o que reafirma os alicerces do positivismojurídico.In times of Constitutional Democracy,legal interpretation has not been able to go beyondthe person-object outline, which can be explainedby the non incorporation of the intersubjectivityparadigm, forged in the XX century thesisdeveloped by Wittgenstein and Heidegger. In thissense, the many legal procedure-discoursive(argumentative theories keep on operating withthe separation between easy and hard cases, ruleand principle and justification and applicationdiscourses. As consequence, this theories did notovercame the problem of multiple answers, whichreaffirms the foundations of legal positivism.

Existe ‘fascismo de esquerda’?

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Raymundo de Lima

2013-02-01

Full Text Available O termo fascismo hoje está bastante é banalizado; ora é usado para desqualificar o adversário, ora serve para estigmatizar ou calar aqueles dotados de pontos de vista diferente. Ficou fácil insultar alguém de fascista. Mas este termo “ainda pode ter um significado crítico se for possível utilizá-lo com certa clareza” (TERRA, 2012, desde que o descolamos de termos que induzem confusão e se aliena do contexto e interesse em que ele é usado. Essa é a recomendação de Wittgenstein: prestar a atenção mais ao uso do que a etimologia dos termos.

A primazia da natureza ante o espírito em Ludwig Feuerbach The primacy of nature against the spirit in Ludwig Feuerbach

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Eduardo Ferreira Chagas

2009-01-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo pretende destacar a tese de que a natureza para Feuerbach é um existente autônomo e independente e possui primazia ante o espírito. Para ele, a natureza material, que existe, em sua diferencialidade qualitativa, independente do pensar, é diante do espírito o original, o fundamento não deduzível, imediato, não criado, de toda existência real, que existe e consiste por si mesmo. Feuerbach opõe a natureza ao espírito, pois ele a entende não como um puro outro, que só por meio do espírito foi posto como natureza, mas como o primeiro, a realidade objetiva, material, que existe fora do entendimento e é dada ao homem, por meio de seus sentidos, como fundamento e essência de sua vida. Trata-se, pois, primeiro daquela essência (luz, ar, água, fogo, plantas, animais etc. sem a qual o homem não pode nem ser pensado nem existir. A natureza é, para Feuerbach, a pluralidade de todos os objetos e essências que realmente são. Sob esta condição, é possível conceber a natureza como a garantia da exterioridade mesma, como que um existente fora de nós, que nada sabe de si e é em si e por si mesmo; por conseguinte, ela não deve ser vista como aquilo que ela não é, isto é, nem como divina, nem como humana. A natureza sempre existiu, quer dizer, ela existe por si e tem seu sentido apenas em si mesma; ela é ela mesma, ou seja, nenhuma essência mística, pois, por trás dela, não se esconde nenhum absoluto, nada humano, nada divino, transcendental ou ideal.This article tries to delineate the proposition that to Feuerbach nature is an autonomous and independent being that comes first in comparison to the spirit. To him, material nature, that exists in its qualitative differentness, independent from thinking, is the original source, the immediate, not deductible, uncreated fundament of all real existence, that exists and consists in itself, when put vis-à-vis the spirit. Feuerbach sets nature against the spirit, for it

Reflexiones sobre la actualidad del relativismo cultural: respuesta a Nicolás Sánchez Durá

OpenAIRE

Jacorzynski, Witold

2013-01-01

Este ensayo propone entablar una discusión con las tesis contenidas en el artículo de Nicolás Sánchez Durá, "Actualidad del relativismo cultural". En primer lugar, se analizan el etnocentrismo y el relativismo como dos respuestas éticas distintas al fenómeno de la diversidad cultural. En segundo lugar, se desarrollan la formulación del relativismo y el concepto de cultura propuestos por Sánchez Durá para analizarlos a la luz de la epistemología elaborada por el Wittgenstein tardío. En tercer ...

O QUE É NUVEM? CARTAS À BIBLIOTECA QUE VEM

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Gustavo Silva Saldanha

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Para pensar e debater a biblioteca do futuro, tendo como horizonte a biblioteca especializada, mas tratando esta tipologia dentro de um contexto plural das bibliotecas no mundo social, o argumento geral da presente reflexão aponta para a “espera” de um amanhã (hoje no qual as bibliotecas cumpram a “temida profecia” alexandrina da utopia da acumulação total a partir da confluência das culturas, retendo os símbolos orgânicos e inorgânicos das alianças e das diásporas. O foco, no entanto, agora, está na incansável cumulatividade simbólica direcionada à diversidade, à alteridade, ao símbolo do outro e ao complexo de suas miscigenações. Percebemos, no escopo do planejamento estratégico da seção de bibliotecas universitárias e de pesquisa da International Federation of Library Association and Institutions, uma ausência na ênfase de um plano sócio simbólico em suas políticas de inovação para o Século XXI. Para o diálogo específico com o pensamento biblioteconômico informacional, faz-se aqui a eleição de cinco abordagens, históricas e contemporâneas, oriundas de Gabriel Peignot, Paul Otlet, Rafael Capurro, Bernd Fromahnn e António García Gutiérrez. As duas fronteiras filosóficas que sustentam e intermedeiam a discussão com o pensamento biblioteconômico-informacional, permitindo nos levar aos territórios de aplicação, são, de um lado, a filosofia da linguagem e suas relações diretas com a materialidade do signo, de outro, as filosofias do simbolismo. Dialogamos, brevemente, neste sentido, com o pensamento de Bárbara Cassin, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Enrst Cassirer e Pierre Bourdieu. Como território aplicado, trabalhamos com aproximações aos estudos aplicados de instituições como Biblioteca Parque do Rio de Janeiro, American Library Association e International Federation of Library Association and Institutions. Em nossa visão, estas grandes instituições propiciam um olhar crítico-aplicado para

[From anamnesis to the art of interpretation, or: What is a "genuine" psychoanalyst? Wolfgang Warda, Ludwig Binswanger, Wilhelm Strohmayer and the origins of psychoanalysis in Thuringia].

Science.gov (United States)

May, Ulrike

2016-01-01

Warda and Strohmayer from Thuringia were among the first German physicians who developed an interest in Freuds theory and therapeutic method around 1900. Their contributions reflect the influence of Otto Binswanger, professor of psychiatry in Jena, a representative of the "psychological direction" in psychiatry which in the beginning was relatively receptive to Freud. The paper discusses their rapprochement to, and detachment from, the Freudian school, including also the work of a third young physician: Ludwig Binswanger, Otto's nephew, who was active in Jena at the same time. It points to certain factors contributing to the increasing rejection Freud met in academic circles which have been underrated to date: (1) the transformation of psychoanalysis into an art of interpretation; (2) the introduction of transference. Both factors which were elaborated by Freud as essentials of his theoretical and practical approach around 1900 and published in 1904/05, undermined the claim of academic medicine to objectivity. The paper describes how psychoanalysis officially abandoned the scientific standards of contemporary medicine at the Weimar congress in 1911, at the same time as Warda and Strohmayer left the Freudian group.

De las normas como compromisos prácticos y de la locura como incumplimiento de tales compromisos

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Quintana Paz, Miguel Ángel

2006-06-01

Full Text Available From a post-metaphysical point of view, and making use of arguments provided mainly by Ludwig Wittgenstein, I will try to endorse the following thesis in this paper: that norms in general receive their normative character only from the responsibility that is attributed to each agent when they act in a social context. This context is full, thus, of normative commitments as its sine qua non. Since (in post-metaphysics these commitments cannot co-respond to any other (metaphysical instance apart from the social agents, we have here a kind of commitments very near to what traditionally has been conceived as an ethical-political notion of responsibility. A rule does not request us to fulfil it, but we humans do request others to do so; if a rule has not been obeyed, we ask for accounts of its unfulfillment, or apply different kinds of measures against the violator. In fact, if someone fails to fulfil an important rule, it is even possible to separate them from our life in society, pronouncing them to be absolutely «evil» or persistently «mad». When we realize in such a way that the power of rules dwells only on this sort of mutual responsibility, a new rule (a rule of tolerance can become reasonable for us: the rule of tolerating the possibility of other commitments with different rules in alien contexts that have generated other responsibilities different from ours.

Desde un punto de vista postmetafísico y a partir de los argumentos que nos proporciona (fundamentalmente un autor como Ludwig Wittgenstein, trataremos de defender la tesis de que las normas en general cobran su carácter normativo de la responsabilidad que se atribuye a cada agente cuando, al actuar en sociedad, se liga a los compromisos que sostienen la posibilidad de que esa acción sea común. Esos compromisos, ya que (en la postmetafísica no pueden responder ante una instancia ajena a los agentes sociales (metafísica, habrán de tener el cariz práctico (�

Reading On Certainty through the Lens of Cavell: Scepticism, Dogmatism and the 'Groundlessness of our Believing'

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bax, C.

2013-01-01

While Cavell is well known for his reinterpretation of the later Wittgenstein, he has never really engaged himself with post-Investigations writings like On Certainty. This collection may, however, seem to undermine the profoundly anti-dogmatic reading of Wittgenstein that Cavell has developed. In

Záměr Wittgensteinova Traktátu (1). Předmluva a motto

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Glombíček, Petr

2014-01-01

Roč. 21, č. 3 (2014), s. 363-380 ISSN 1335-0668 Institutional support: RVO:67985955 Keywords : Ferdinand Kürnberger * new wittgenstein * Paul Ernst * Tractatus * Wittgenstein Subject RIV: AA - Philosophy ; Religion http://www.klemens.sav.sk/fiusav/doc/organon/2014/3/363-380.pdf

DIALOGANDO EN LOS FOROS DE DISCUSIÓN: PAUTAS PARA EL DISEÑO Y LA EVALUACIÓN

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Manuel Sotomayor Zambrano

2005-04-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: La educación contemporánea, basada en los redescubrimientos psicológicos (Vygotsky, Freud y de la filosofía de la mente (Wittgenstein, Austin revalora el papel fundamental de lo social en la formación de la mente del ser humano. En este artículo, nos centramos en dos puntos. Primero, en cómo podemos concebir el Foro de Discusión como una herramienta educativa (parte del grupo de las herramientas de Internet al servicio de la educación dentro del marco de la comunicación, como uno de los mecanismos por los cuales los seres humanos construyen un espacio intersubjetivo en común. El segundo punto es la presentación de una propuesta de criterios (interactividad, cooperación dialógica y calidad argumentativa que permitan evaluar si esta herramienta educativa permite desarrollar un espacio intersubjetivo que ayude a mejorar las condiciones del diálogo y la convivencia. ABSTRACT: The contemporary education, based on the psychological rediscoveries (Vygotsky, Freud and on the philosophy of the mind (Wittgenstein, Austin, revalues the Social’s fundamental role in the mind develop of the human being. We center this paper on two aspects. The first one refers on how we can conceive the discussion forums as an educative tool (Internet tool within the communication frame as one of the mechanisms by which the human beings build a common shared intersubjective space. The second aspect shows a criteria proposal (interactivity, dialogical cooperation and argumentative quality that helps to evaluate if this educative tool develops the necessary conditions to improve dialogue.

A View of the Combat CAS: Unifying Net-Enabled Teams

Science.gov (United States)

2008-01-01

to the world; whereas a discourse mental model, or “picture” model in the con- ception of Wittgenstein (1922), represents the reference of...Chaos. New York: Simon and Schuster, 9-13. HINIKER | A View of the Combat CAS 33 Wittgenstein , L. 1922. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. London

Para-Hermitian and para-quaternionic manifolds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ivanov, S.; Zamkovoy, S.

2003-10-01

A set of canonical para-Hermitian connections on an almost para-Hermitian manifold is defined. A Para-hermitian version of the Apostolov-Gauduchon generalization of the Goldberg-Sachs theorem in General Relativity is given. It is proved that the Nijenhuis tensor of a Nearly para-Kaehler manifolds is parallel with respect to the canonical connection. Salamon's twistor construction on quaternionic manifold is adapted to the para-quaternionic case. A locally conformally hyper-para-Kaehler (hypersymplectic) flat structure with parallel Lee form on the Kodaira-Thurston complex surfaces modeled on S 1 x SL (2, R)-tilde is constructed. Anti-self-dual locally conformally hyper-para-Kaehler (hypersymplectic) neutral metrics with non vanishing Weyl tensor are obtained on the Inoe surfaces. An example of anti-self-dual neutral metric which is not locally conformally hyper-para-Kaehler (hypersymplectic) is constructed. (author)

Para-Hermitian and para-quaternionic manifolds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ivanov, S [University of Sofia ' St. Kl. Ohridski' , Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia (Bulgaria) and Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste (Italy); Zamkovoy, S [University of Sofia ' St. Kl. Ohridski' , Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia (Bulgaria)

2003-10-01

A set of canonical para-Hermitian connections on an almost para-Hermitian manifold is defined. A Para-hermitian version of the Apostolov-Gauduchon generalization of the Goldberg-Sachs theorem in General Relativity is given. It is proved that the Nijenhuis tensor of a Nearly para-Kaehler manifolds is parallel with respect to the canonical connection. Salamon's twistor construction on quaternionic manifold is adapted to the para-quaternionic case. A locally conformally hyper-para-Kaehler (hypersymplectic) flat structure with parallel Lee form on the Kodaira-Thurston complex surfaces modeled on S{sup 1} x SL (2, R)-tilde is constructed. Anti-self-dual locally conformally hyper-para-Kaehler (hypersymplectic) neutral metrics with non vanishing Weyl tensor are obtained on the Inoe surfaces. An example of anti-self-dual neutral metric which is not locally conformally hyper-para-Kaehler (hypersymplectic) is constructed. (author)

From FRA to RFN, or How the Family Resemblance Approach Can Be Transformed for Science Curriculum Analysis on Nature of Science

Science.gov (United States)

Kaya, Ebru; Erduran, Sibel

2016-01-01

The inclusion of Nature of Science (NOS) in the science curriculum has been advocated around the world for several decades. One way of defining NOS is related to the family resemblance approach (FRA). The family resemblance idea was originally described by Wittgenstein. Subsequently, philosophers and educators have applied Wittgenstein's idea to…

Critical Thinking as a Normative Practice in Life: A Wittgensteinian Groundwork

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Huen, Kenny Siu Sing

2011-01-01

On the point that, in practices of critical thinking, we respond spontaneously in concrete situations, this paper presents an account on behalf of Wittgenstein. I argue that the "seeing-things-aright" model of Luntley's Wittgenstein is not adequate, since it pays insufficient attention to radically new circumstances, in which the content of norms…

A conception of modern Life as “the Awakening of the Human Spirit, revisited”

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brock, Steen

2016-01-01

By reference to Stanley Cavell´s characterization of the later Wittgenstein´s writings as expressing a “philosophy of culture”, it is argued that this characterization also might cast a light on Wittgenstein´s early remarks on Frazer In relation to this I show that three aspects in conjunction...

The Problem of Private Language

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M.A Abdollahi

2014-09-01

This language is, according to Wittgenstein, impossible because it leads to epistemological and semantic skepticism. The definition of private language contains two elements: the “privacy” and “referring to”. Wittgenstein shows how we may be trapped in solipsism and the only way to avoid this problem is to consider language as a social phenomenon.

Existential field of J. Huizinga’s games

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T. V. Lysokolenko

2014-09-01

A comparative analysis of understanding of the game by J. Huizinga, H. Hesse, E. Berne and L. Wittgenstein is being held. The result of this analysis is the assumption that H. Hesse and J. Huizinga are united by the fact that they both seek to ensure that the games remained appolonian element as a harmonious start in their understanding of the game - is a cultural universal. The position of the L.Wittgenstein differs significantly from the above indicated. For him the game - this is a language game that does not always harmonious, is not always clearly constructed composition typical for the games by H. Hesse. Playing field for L.Wittgenstein are «forms of life», which may indicate that his game as well as J. Huizinga, existential, the difference is only in the position of the interpreter, in a shift of emphasis from meaning to the action. J. Huizinga focuses on the classification of games that are played by the representatives of different cultures and L.Wittgenstein focuses on communication, without which it is impossible to play as such.

Emergencies and Emergent Selves

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Haynes, Felicity

2005-01-01

Marshall's (1999 ) article used Wittgenstein to argue that self functions as an explanation for a name rather than a referent. This brief response tries to rescue Marshall from an apparent reduction of self to material body without returning him to the mind/body dualism that he, with Wittgenstein and Dennett, seeks to avoid. It treats "I" as an…

Semelhanças de família nos usos de 'bom'

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Darlei Dall'Agnol

2016-12-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2016v15n2p216 Aplica-se, neste artigo, o conceito de semelhanças de família para esclarecer os diferentes usos do conceito ‘bom’, em especial, os usos relativos e absolutos. A partir do estabelecimento de diferentes jogos-de-linguagem morais (normativos, avaliativos etc., mostra-se que há um significado focal que permite negar que Wittgenstein tenha se tornado um relativista ético. Nesse sentido, ‘bom’ refere-se ao intrinsicamente valioso que permite qualificar um ato como moral ou imoral e a partir disso se deve ou não ser feito.

Linguagem e dignidade: um ensaio a partir de Frankenstein de Mary Shelley

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Marciano Adilio Spica

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Este pretende ser um ensaio relacionando filosofia e literatura. Mais especificamente, o que pretendo mostrar é como a literatura pode ajudar a ilustrar grandes temas filosóficos. Para isso farei uma discussão relacionando a obra Frankenstein de Mary Shelley a algumas abordagens filosóficas sobre a linguagem. Tentarei mostrar que a clássica obra de terror, acima citada, reúne passagens que ilustram o papel da linguagem na significação do mundo e, mais do que isso, na constituição da dignidade humana. Farei isso aproximando tal obra de alguns escritos de Habermas e Wittgenstein.

Some Considerations about "Languages Games” in Noica’s View

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Livia-Ionela Baciu

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Our intention into this paper is to reveal that the visionof Constantin Noica about thelanguage is opened for other philosophical points of view. The idea that we want to emphasize in thispaper is that thelanguages gamesstudied by Wittgenstein may belong to the hermeneutics. Throwthis idea we want to argue the possibility that thelanguages gamescan also be found in the Romanianphilosophy, here the Romanian philosopher Constantin Noica approaches in his studies to thehermeneutics domain and also to the languages games analyzed by Wittgenstein. Some reviewsto theworks of Noica allowed us to conclude that the analysis achieved by the philosopher in the paper, theCreation and beautiful in the Romanian utterance(1973 resembles to the languages gamesdeveloped by Wittgenstein in the paperThe blue book.

The International (Ludwig) Breast Cancer Study Group Trials I-IV: 15 years follow-up.

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Castiglione-Gertsch, M; Johnsen, C; Goldhirsch, A; Gelber, R D; Rudenstam, C M; Collins, J; Lindtner, J; Hacking, A; Cortes-Funes, H; Forbes, J

1994-10-01

Adjuvant systemic therapy prolongs disease-free and overall survival in both pre- and postmenopausal patients. Available data shown benefit from multi-agent chemotherapy, prolonged tamoxifen treatment, and ovarian ablation, and that the combination of chemo- and endocrine therapy might be advantageous. In 1978 the International (Ludwig) Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) initiated four complementary randomized controlled clinical trials to evaluate the roles of chemo-endocrine combinations or endocrine therapy alone in specific populations defined by risk (for pre- and perimenopausal patients) or by age (for postmenopausal patients). The results at 10 and 13 years' median follow-up for these trials are summarized in this report and are compared to those of the Overview meta-analysis with regard to chemo-endocrine or endocrine therapy combinations. Furthermore, types of first relapses by sites and second malignant diseases are reported. 1601 evaluable patients with node positive disease were included into the studies I-IV. In Trial I (491 premenopausal patients with 1-3 positive axillary nodes) we studied the addition of low-dose continuous prednisone (p) to a cyclophosphamide-methotrexate-fluorouracil (CMF) combination. In Trial II 327 premenopausal patients with four or more positive axillary nodes were randomized to one year CMFp or to a surgical oophorectomy followed by CMFp. In Trial III (463 postmenopausal patients 65 years old or younger), combined chemoendocrine therapy (one year of CMFp plus tamoxifen (T)) was compared to endocrine therapy (1 year of p + T) or to surgery alone. In Trial IV 320 postmenopausal patients 66 to 80 years old were treated either by surgery alone or by surgery followed by 1 year prednisone and tamoxifen. In Trial I the addition of prednisone allowed a higher dose of cytotoxics to be administered compared with CMF alone. Despite this increased dose intensity, 13-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were similar

O papel do método no ensino: da maiêutica socrática à terapia wittgensteiniana / The role of the method in teaching: from socratic maieutics to wittgensteinian therapy

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Cristiane Maria Cornelia Gottschalk

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Este texto tem como objetivo apontar para algumas das confusões advindas da crença de professores na existência de significados extralinguísticos a serem descobertos ou construídos pelos alunos através da aplicação de um método. Sob a inspiração das reflexões de Wittgenstein sobre a função constitutiva da linguagem na construção dos sentidos, proponho um outro olhar para o papel do método no processo de aprendizagem: não como um procedimento que conduz o aluno a verdades prévias, a exemplo da maiêutica socrática, presente sob outros matizes nas atuais teorias de ensino e aprendizagem; mas como meio de apresentação de nossas convenções linguísticas. Esta mudança de perspectiva foi possível a partir da crítica de Wittgenstein à exigência de exatidão conceitual (já presente nos diálogos platônicos como condição de construção de um conhecimento legítimo, sugerindo em seu lugar uma nova atitude filosófica, com implicações para o ensino escolar. Sua reflexão sobre dois modos básicos de uso de nossas expressões linguísticas (um normativo e outro descritivo pressupõe formas diferentes de transmissão dos conteúdos: ora como instrução de regras, ora como uma atividade que envolve justificação, questionamentos e experimentação empírica.AbstractThis text has the purpose of pointing out some of the confusions originated in the belief of teachers, regarding the existence of extralinguistic meanings to be discovered or constructed by the students through the application of a method. Inspired by the reflections of Wittgenstein about the constitutive function of language in the construction of meanings, I propose another view of the role of method in the process of learning: not as a procedure that leads the student to previous truths; such as the Socratic maieutics, present in some manner in our theories of teaching and learning, but as a means of presentation of our linguistic conventions. This change of

Terapia a la pregunta filosófica: ¿qué es el arte?

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Adryan Fabrizio Pineda Repizzo

2011-12-01

Full Text Available En la tradición del pensamiento occidental, la pregunta “¿Qué es el arte?” ha jugado un papel central, aunque enigmático, para el campo de la filosofía, donde se han avanzado tantas objeciones y respuestas tentativas, que hoy pareciera que han sido tantos esfuerzos sin rumbo ni asidero en el mundo real del arte. Este texto afronta la plausibilidad de asumir la pregunta “¿Qué es el arte?” como problema filosófico. Para responder a este cuestionamiento acudimos a Wittgenstein, con el fin de realizarle una terapia filosófica a la pregunta misma y así mostrar que los principales paradigmas filosóficos sobre este asunto no son sino la manifestación de una confusión del lenguaje en torno al término ‘arte’.  

From James Hutton’s «Theory of the Earth» to James Lovelock’s «Gaia Hypothesis»

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García Cruz, Cándido Manuel

2007-06-01

Full Text Available In order to understand to what extent James Hutton (1726-1797 can in fact be considered as one of the first forerunners of the Gaia Hypothesis, his Theory of the Earth is analysed into context
of the three basic traditions of science: organismic, magical and mechanistic. In the some authors’ opinion, Hutton should have written in his theory the Earth was a superorganism and its proper
study should be by physiology. These supposed assertions are merely a misinterpretation of the Huttonian philosophy, since were never held by this author. Hutton has nevertheless an holistic view which is closer to the Alfred N. Whitehead's organic mechanicism than the James Lovelock's
Gaia Hypothesis, being therefore a clear forerunner of Ludwig von Bertalanffy and his System
General Theory.

Para comprender en qué medida James Hutton (1726-1797 puede ser considerado en realidad como uno de los primeros precursores de la Hipótesis Gaia, se analiza su Theory of the Earth en el contexto de las tres tradiciones básicas de la ciencia: la organísmica, la mágica y la mecanicista. Para algunos autores, Hutton habría sugerido en su teoría que la tierra era un superorganismo y que la forma más correcta para estudiarla era la fisiología. Estas supuestas afirmaciones son simplemente una interpretación errónea del pensamiento huttoniano, puesto que este autor nunca las hizo. Sin embargo, Hutton posee de hecho una visión holística que está más próxima al mecanicismo orgánico de Alfred N. Whitehead que a la Hipótesis Gaia de James Lovelock, siendo por tanto un claro precursor de Ludwig von Bertalanffy y su Teoría General de Sistemas.

Udviklingen af rumopfattelsen 1600-2000

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brock, Steen

2010-01-01

Hovedtræk af rumopfattelsens idehistorie fra Descartes til Wittgenstein med speciel vægt på Kant, værkbegrebet, modelbegrebet og den fænomenologiske opfattelse af rummet som handlingens sted......Hovedtræk af rumopfattelsens idehistorie fra Descartes til Wittgenstein med speciel vægt på Kant, værkbegrebet, modelbegrebet og den fænomenologiske opfattelse af rummet som handlingens sted...

La copla de moral sefardí Azote de impíos

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Romero, Elena

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Three versions of the Sephardic “Copla de moral” Azote de Impios (‘Scourge of the Wicked’ are analyzed in this article. They were all printed in the nineteenth century, in Constantinople (1858 (version A, in Leipzig (1858 (version B and in Jerusalem (1894 (version C. The Version B was included in the German Nach Jerusalem! by Ludwig Aug. Frankl is of interest as it was written with Latin letters according to a special system that reflects the sounds of the original Judeo-Spanish.En el presente artículo se lleva a cabo la edición y estudio de las tres versiones conocidas de la copla de moral sefardí titulada Azote de impíos, impresas las dos primeras en 1858 en Constantinopla (versión A y Leipzig (versión B, respectivamente, y la tercera en Jerusalén en 1894 (versión C. La versión B, inserta en el libro alemán Nach Jerusalem! de Ludwig Aug. Frankl, presenta la particularidad de estar escrita en caracteres latinos siguiendo un muy especial sistema para plasmar los sonidos del judeoespañol.

[The advantage of a modern operational approach to the diagnosis of mental disorders. The case of the Bavarian King Ludwig II--an example from biographical research].

Science.gov (United States)

von Zerssen, D

2013-05-01

Worldwide discrepancies in the classification, terminology and diagnosis of mental disorders have induced efforts for unification after World War II. This led to the introduction of an operational diagnostic approach according to strict criteria, at the same time taking into account the comorbidity of disorders. However, this approach is still not routinely used. The consequences of this deficiency are demonstrated here by an example from biographical research referring to the Bavarian King Ludwig II. The study is based on an extensive search of the relevant literature. Although the pathography of this Bavarian king is well documented, the diagnoses published between 1910 and 2010 by altogether 21 specialists, are distributed rather chaotically over 24 diagnostic categories of the ICD-10. Merely in the (probably wrong) diagnosis of a schizophrenic psychosis is there agreement among half of the authors. This is concordant with the expert diagnosis of paranoia by von Gudden and his colleagues (1886) when considering the then contemporary concept of the disorder. According to modern diagnostic principles almost half of the 24 diagnoses can be confirmed. The others have to be regarded as false diagnoses. The conclusion is that modern principles of the diagnosis of mental disorders should be applied according to internationally accepted diagnostic manuals. This approach should be used in, but is not exclusive to, biographical research. Precondition is, of course, the exact knowledge and careful application of these principles.

The appeal to nature implicit in certain restrictions on public funding for assisted reproductive technology.

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Carter, Drew; Braunack-Mayer, Annette

2011-10-01

Certain restrictions on public funding for assisted reproductive technology (ART) are articulated and defended by recourse to a distinction between medical infertility and social infertility. We propose that underlying the prioritization of medical infertility is a vision of medicine whose proper role is to restore but not to improve upon nature. We go on to mark moral responses that speak of investments many continue to make in nature as properly an object of reverence and gratitude and therein (sometimes) a source of moral guidance. We draw on the work of Ludwig Wittgenstein in arguing for the plausibility of an appeal to nature in opposition to the charge that it must contain a logical fallacy. We also invite consideration of the moral plausibility of some appeal to nature. Finally, we examine what follows in the case of ART. Should medicine respect as natural limits that should not be overcome: the need for a man and a woman in reproduction; menopause; and even declining fertility with age? We must first ask ourselves to what degree we should defer to nature in the conduct of medicine, at least in the particular if not the general case. This will involve also asking ourselves what we think is natural and in what instances and spirit might we defy nature. Divergent opinions and policies concerning who should receive ART treatment and public funding are more easily understood in view of the centrality, complexity and fundamental nature of these questions. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Unterrichtsentwurf: Die Entwicklung eines nationalen Identitätsbewusstseins in den von Napoleon besetzten Ländern

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Natalie Fridrich

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Nathalie Friedrichs proposes the following lesson plan for the senior classes of the German Gymnasium (grammar-school: „Die Entwicklung eines nationalen Identitätsbewusstseins in den von Napoleon besetzten Ländern“ (The Development of a National Sense of Identity in the Countries Occupied by Napeoleon.The central question, however, is whether this new German national consciousness at the dawn of the 19th century can be traced back to Napoleon’s reign in the Rhineland region or whether it emerged during the wars of liberation as a result of a firm rejection of Napoleon.The following materials will be given to the pupils beforhand: A short preparatory text with essential background information, a pithy quote , and two historical sources, namely the appeal of Ludwig Adolf Peter Graf von Sayn-Wittgenstein to support the war of liberation, and another more francophile source by the physician Adolf Kußmaul. The latter source points in the direction of a positive experience during the time of French occupation and therefore relativises the claim of a German patriotism as a direct result of the war against France. From a didactical viewpoint, the lesson aims to develop the prerequisites for a critical analysis of historical source texts and different points of view on the topic. Finally, a table listing the respective pros and cons of the Napoleonic arguments is sketched out, visualising the perspectives of the students and leading to the final discussion, which should produce answers to the questions of the role of Napoleon for the Germans.

Melhoria do processo Hatschek, por meio de tratamento de dados históricos, para fabricação de telhas onduladas.

OpenAIRE

Aline Basso de Oliveira

2010-01-01

As telhas de cimento-amianto são utilizadas mundialmente nas construções comerciais, residenciais e industriais. O amianto foi a primeira aplicação de fibra natural em escala industrial. Esta fibra foi incorporada na forma do mineral (asbesto) como reforço de matrizes à base do cimento. O processo de fabricação de telhas de cimento-amianto mais utilizado mundialmente foi patenteado em 1900 por Ludwig Hatschek, recebendo o mesmo nome. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a melhoria do processo indust...

Kulturen som krænkelsens virkelighed

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brock, Steen

2006-01-01

En analyse af forholdet mellem natur og kultur i relation til en opfattelse af kultur, som har sin oprindelse i Cicero, og som har sin genklang i moderne tænkere som Goethe, Wittgenstein, Cavell og E. Wolfgang Orth.......En analyse af forholdet mellem natur og kultur i relation til en opfattelse af kultur, som har sin oprindelse i Cicero, og som har sin genklang i moderne tænkere som Goethe, Wittgenstein, Cavell og E. Wolfgang Orth....

A Fatal Fad? Tongue Studs Cause More Problems Than Chipped Teeth

Science.gov (United States)

... a fatal infection, such as Ludwig's angina or endocarditis, according to a report in the May/June 2004 issue of General Dentistry , the Academy of General Dentistry's (AGD) clinical, peer-reviewed journal. Ludwig's angina, a bacterial infection of the floor of the mouth, occurs ...

El deporte en Alemania: de una categoría ontológica a un concepto del presente

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Klaus Willimczik

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Las zonas lingüísticas alemana e inglesa disponen de una gran variedad de definiciones al referirse al concepto de deporte (Willimc­zik, 2001. No obstante, queda siempre abierta la cuestión de la base lingüístico-filosófica en la que se sustenta la argumentación. Además, tanto desde la perspectiva de las observaciones sociológicas como de los análisis empírico-inductivos, se acepta que hay una coexistencia de distintos modelos deportivos (Rittner, 1984, sin que exista una justificación o una fundamentación teórica para este hecho. Sobre la base lingüístico-filosófica el modelo científico empírico de prototipos y tomando como punto de partida los planteamientos del parecido de familia de Wittgenstein, en este artículo se revisa de modo empírico: 1. hasta qué punto el deporte es un concepto de parecido de familia en el sentido de Wittgenstein y qué relaciones de parecido existen en los conceptos trabajo, arte, juego y cuidado de la salud; 2. qué modelos de deporte existen en el lenguaje ordinario, y 3. qué parentesco tienen los distintos modelos de deporte con los conceptos trabajo, arte, juego y cuidado de la salud. Los resultados demuestran: El concepto de deporte no está claramente delimitado en el sentido de un parecido de familia, sino que sus fronteras están más bien deshilachadas aunque posee un núcleo significativo orientado al deporte de alto rendimiento. Pueden definirse como prototípicos seis modelos de deporte: el deporte tradicional, el deporte profesional de alto rendimiento, los hobbies cercanos al deporte, el deporte de exhibición, el deporte de vivencia y el deporte para la salud. (Sólo existen relaciones de parentesco claras entre el deporte profesional de alto rendimiento y el trabajo, (como es comprensible el deporte para la salud y el cuidado de la salud y el deporte de exhibición y el arte

Serie: Madera para construcción Acabados para madera

OpenAIRE

Sáenz-Muñoz, Marta; Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica

2012-01-01

Durante mucho tiempo, la madera ha sido utilizada como material de construcción para resolver principalmente objetivos estructurales; sin embargo, actualmente, el uso de la madera ha tomado mucho auge en la estética de las construcciones, para brindar apariencia y calidez. En la actualidad, el mercado ofrece una amplia gama productos para dar diversos “acabados” a la madera, los cuales sirven para resaltar la belleza de algunas de ellas, realzar características como el color y la veta, o bien...

Against Explanatory Minimalism in Psychiatry.

Science.gov (United States)

Thornton, Tim

2015-01-01

The idea that psychiatry contains, in principle, a series of levels of explanation has been criticized not only as empirically false but also, by Campbell, as unintelligible because it presupposes a discredited pre-Humean view of causation. Campbell's criticism is based on an interventionist-inspired denial that mechanisms and rational connections underpin physical and mental causation, respectively, and hence underpin levels of explanation. These claims echo some superficially similar remarks in Wittgenstein's Zettel. But attention to the context of Wittgenstein's remarks suggests a reason to reject explanatory minimalism in psychiatry and reinstate a Wittgensteinian notion of levels of explanation. Only in a context broader than the one provided by interventionism is that the ascription of propositional attitudes, even in the puzzling case of delusions, justified. Such a view, informed by Wittgenstein, can reconcile the idea that the ascription mental phenomena presupposes a particular level of explanation with the rejection of an a priori claim about its connection to a neurological level of explanation.

Language games: Christian fundamentalism and the science curriculum

Science.gov (United States)

Freund, Cheryl J.

Eighty years after the Scope's Trial, the debate over evolution in the public school curriculum is alive and well. Historically, Christian fundamentalists, the chief opponents of evolution in the public schools, have used the court system to force policymakers, to adopt their ideology regarding evolution in the science curriculum. However, in recent decades their strategy has shifted from the courts to the local level, where they pressure teachers and school boards to include "alternate theories" and the alleged "flaws" and "inconsistencies" of evolution in the science curriculum. The purpose of this content analysis study was to answer the question: How do Christian fundamentalists employ rhetorical strategies to influence the science curriculum? The rhetorical content of several public legal and media documents resulting from a lawsuit filed against the Athens Public Schools by the American Center of Law and Justice were analyzed for the types of rhetorical strategies employed by the participants engaged in the scientific, legal, and public discourse communities. The study employed an analytical schema based on Ludwig Wittgenstein's theory of language games, Lawrence Prelli's theory of discourse communities, and Michael Apple's notion of constitutive and preference rules. Ultimately, this study revealed that adroit use of the constitutive and preference rules of the legal and public discourse communities allowed the school district to reframe the creation-evolution debate, thereby avoiding a public spectacle and ameliorating the power of creationist language to affect change in the science curriculum. In addition, the study reinforced the assertion that speakers enjoy the most persuasive power when they attend to the preference rules of the public discourse community.

Zagadnienie tożsamości bytu w filozofii buddyjskiej

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Krzysztof JAKUBCZAK

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The Buddhist philosophical school of Madhyamaka is famous for its statement that things do not have their own inherent nature, essence or self‑nature (svabhāva. As a result, it is said that there is no objective foundation of the identity of things. Thus, the identity of things is not grounded in things themselves but is solely imputed and externally imposed on them. Things are what they are only for us, whereas for themselves, or from their ‘own side’ they are empty (śūnya. That is why Madhyamaka philosophy is often compared to the philosophical conceptions inspired by a linguistic reflection (from Ludwig Wittgenstein to Jacques Derrida which defines the problem of identity in terms of cognitive subjectivism and constructivism. Starting the analysis from the Abhidharma Buddhist tradition I will show that this reading of Madhyamaka view is too narrow. I will demonstrate that it is a result of an assumption, shared by Parmenides and Plato and wrongly ascribed to this Buddhist school, that the identity of being must be grounded in the self‑existing, self‑defined and (relatively permanent ontological foundation. This tacit assumption, if rejected, makes any identity a completely subjective and relative construct. The point I am going to argue for, however, is that the Madhyamaka school sticks to an alternative understanding of objectivity; the foundation of all things is nothing but pure relation that precedes, in the ontological sense, all co‑related elements (i.e. things. Therefore, the question comes up: how being‑in‑relationship or ‘relationality’ may be the foundation of identity and what kind of identity it endows. I will try to answer these questions.

O neoliberalismo como um dos fundamentos da educação domiciliar

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Romualdo Luiz Portela de Oliveira

Full Text Available Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o neoliberalismo como um dos fundamentos da educação domiciliar, fenômeno de interesse crescente no Brasil, dada a tentativa de regulamentá-lo no país. Para tanto, foram tomados como referência três autorizados representantes do neoliberalismo: Friedrich Hayek; Milton Friedman e Ludwig von Mises e a reiterada preocupação destes com as liberdades, sobretudo as individuais. O artigo argumenta que o neoliberalismo se apresenta como uma das correntes teóricas que também dá suporte ao homeschooling, tendo como ponto crucial de sua fundamentação a rejeição da compulsoriedade da educação escolar, o que gera fortes implicações para o debate educacional, principalmente como desafios à escola pública compulsória.

Para-bosons and Para-fermions in Quantum Mechanics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cattani, M.S.D.; Fernandes, N.C.

1982-01-01

Within the framework of the ordinary quantum mechanics, a detailed study of the energy eigenfunctions of N identical particles using the irreducible representations of the permutation group in the Hilbert space is performed. It is shown that the para-states, as occurs with the boson and fermion states, are compatible with the postulates of quantum mechanics and with the principle of indistinguishability. A mathematical support for the existence of para-bosons and para-fermions is given. Gentile's quantum statistics is, in a certain sense, justified. (Author) [pt

Religiøsitet i livsformen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brock, Steen

2006-01-01

Artiklen argumenterer for at mange opfattelser af religiøsitet reducerer fænomenet til en slags moralitet. Med Wittgensteins filosofi som modeksempel, og i lyset af en modstilling mellem Hegel og Kierkegaards opfattelse af religiøsitet, betones religiøsitetens radikale karakter.......Artiklen argumenterer for at mange opfattelser af religiøsitet reducerer fænomenet til en slags moralitet. Med Wittgensteins filosofi som modeksempel, og i lyset af en modstilling mellem Hegel og Kierkegaards opfattelse af religiøsitet, betones religiøsitetens radikale karakter....

Reassembling mathematical practices: a philosophical-anthropological approach

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Karen François

2016-01-01

Full Text Available In this paper we first explore h ow Wittgenstein ’ s philosophy provides a conceptual tools to discuss the possibility of the simultaneous existence of culturally different mathematical practices. We will argue that Wittgenstein ’ s later work will be a fruitful framework to serve as a philosophical background to investigate ethnomathematics ( Wittgenstein 1973 . W e will give an overview of Wittgenstein’s later work which is referred to by many researchers in the field of ethnomathematics . The central philosophical investigation concerns Wittgenstein’s shift to abandon ing the essentialist concept of language and therefore deny ing the existence of a universal language. Languages — or ‘language games’ as Wittgenstein calls them — are immersed in a form of life, in a cultural or social formation and are embedded in the totality o f communal activities. This gives rise to the idea of rationality as an invention or as a construct that emerges in specific local contexts. In the second part of the paper we introduce, analyse and compare the mathematical aspects of two activities known as string figure - making and sand drawing, to illustrate Wittgenstein ’s ideas . Base d on an ethnomathematical comparative analysis , we will argue that there is evidence of invariant and distinguishing features of a mathematical rationality , as expressed in both string figure - making and sand drawing practices, from one society to another . Finally, w e suggest that a philosop hical - anthropological approach to mathematical practices may allow us to better understand the interrelations between mathematics and cul tures. Philoso phical investigations may help the reflection on the possibility of culturally determined ethnomathematics, while an anthropological approach, using ethnographical methods, may afford new materials for the analysis of ethnomathematics and its links to the cultural context. This combined approach will help us to better

Marcadores para la Realidad Aumentada para fines educativos

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María Reina Zarate Nava

2013-12-01

Full Text Available La Realidad Aumentada (AR es considerada por algunos expertos como la tecnología en crecimiento para el 2014, en diferentes sectores: ingeniería, educación, juegos y negocios, siendo este último el más usado en él 2013. Sin embargo en el sector educativo la AR se presenta en algunos proyectos que se han desarrollado para diferentes áreas de las ciencias, como Química, Física y Matemáticas, lo anterior con el objetivo de facilitar el proceso de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje. En el presente artículo se presenta el modelo de patrones utilizado para un Proyecto AR enfocado en Química, el cual presenta un conjunto de patrones que fueron valorados para facilitar el rastreo de los objetos y a su vez el entendimiento de algunos materiales de los laboratorios de Química I.

Generating para-water from para-hydrogen: A Gedankenexperiment.

Science.gov (United States)

Ivanov, Konstantin L; Bodenhausen, Geoffrey

2018-07-01

A novel conceptual approach is described that is based on the transfer of hyperpolarization from para-hydrogen in view of generating a population imbalance between the two spin isomers of H 2 O. The approach is analogous to SABRE (Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange) and makes use of the transfer of spin order from para-hydrogen to H 2 O in a hypothetical organometallic complex. The spin order transfer is expected to be most efficient at avoided level crossings. The highest achievable enrichment levels of para- and ortho-water are discussed. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Uma ferramenta para planejamento de estudos para concursos

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Leonardo Pimentel

2015-11-01

Full Text Available De acordo com a constituição brasileira, a única forma de se tornar um empregado do governo é passar em um concurso público. O exame de conhecimento do cargo é um dos componentes mais importantes de um concurso. Estudar para esse exame é uma tarefa que requer planejamento. Um meio de obter um bom planejamento é construir uma grade de horários que relacione as matérias a serem estudadas com os respectivos horários disponíveis para o estudo. Esse tipo de problema se assemelha bastante à gerência de projetos, em que se procura estabelecer a distribuição das atividades ao longo do tempo disponível. Assim, torna-se interessante explorar a dinâmica de estudos para concursos como um projeto. O presente trabalho apresenta a ferramenta de apoio ao estudos - Passe-me, baseada no ciclo PDCA (do inglês, Plan-Do-Check-Act. Por se tratar de uma ferramenta web, o tempo de resposta para produzir uma grade de estudos é fundamental. A ferramenta faz uso de algoritmo genético para calcular a grade de horários priorizando a velocidade de resposta. A ferramenta foi avaliada em diferentes cenários de uso e obteve desempenho satisfatório durante a produção da grade de estudos.

Docencia para el logro y educación para emprender

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Luis Gerardo Rodríguez Gómez

1994-05-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN En el primer artículo, el autor plasmó los elementos relevantes para una propuesta de educación para emprender. En este describe el desarrollo docente como expresión de una intensión, saber y un quehacer, encaminados a la formación del hombre emprendedor. El artículo se divide en tres partes. En la primera, se reseña los factores que orientan la intensión docente para emprender, a partir de un discurso y formas metodológicas establecidas con esa intención. En segundo lugar, se asume el espacio y tiempo la clase como unidad de análisis, para lograr objetivos de tipo institucional, programático y temático y en la parte final, se examina la evaluación docente y se hacen consideraciones generales para una propuesta de evaluación,  que surge al investigar la actuación del maestro.

A natureza gramatical das sensações: notas céticas sobre sentido e imaginação The grammatical nature of sensations: sceptical notes on meaning and imagination

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José Benjamim Picado

1997-01-01

Full Text Available O texto procura recensear algumas das fontes de um discurso de espécie cética sobre o problema da atribuição de qualidades estéticas a objetos: o maior propósito deste conjunto deve entender-se como sendo um ataque à origem perceptiva dos fatos sensíveis. O autor recorre para tanto aos marcos do diálogo entre a fenomenologia e a filosofia analítica, sobretudo com G. Ryle, assim como às interrogações de L. Wittgenstein sobre o estatuto da investigação estética: nestes âmbitos, identifica o problema da imagem como fato perceptivo à necessidade de uma descrição gramatical dos juízos que envolvem estas experiências. O texto indica, finalmente, no âmbito dos escritos anti-cartesianos de Ch. S. Peirce às fontes de uma teoria do estético como filosofia da discursividade aplicada aos juízos perceptivos: sua teoria semiótica, em verdade, constituiria uma transformação radical do problema da inferência, na direção de uma teoria das formas ampliativas, ou sintéticas, do entendimento (a justificação para a validade dos procedimentos indutivos e hipotéticos para a ciência e para a descrição dos juízos denotativos.The text seeks for a brief census of some of the main forms of a sceptical discourse on the problem of the the attribution of aesthetical qualities to objects: the major aim of this set must be undestood as an attack on the perceptive origin of sensible facts. The author comes back to resources, such as the dialogue between phenomenological and analytic philosophy traditions (especially in G.Ryle's works so as to the L.Wittgenstein's interrogations on the status of aesthetical investigations: in those ambiences, they identify the necessity of converting the issue of the images as perceptual facts to a gramatical description of the judgements involving such experiences. The text indicates, finally, in the scope of the anti-cartesian texts by Ch.S.Peirce the main resources of an aesthetical theory coming from a

Modelos para estimar consumo e exigências nutricionais para poedeiras comerciais

OpenAIRE

Palma Bendezu, Hilda Cristina [UNESP

2016-01-01

O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar um modelo para calcular as ingestões de aminoácidos e energia para a fase de maturação sexual e produção de ovos. As exigências de energia, aminoácidos e consumo de ração foram calculados pelo método fatorial, considerando na fase de maturação sexual a quantidade de nutrientes requerida para mantença e a quantidade de nutrientes necessários para crescimento e deposição de nutrientes corporais em cada componente do corpo (ovário, oviduto, corpo livre de ...

Modelos para estimar as exigências de energia metabolizável para poedeiras

OpenAIRE

Sakomura,Nilva Kazue; Basaglia,Roberta; Sá-Fortes,Cristina M. L.; Fernandes,João Batista K.

2005-01-01

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, elaborar um modelo para estimar as exigências de energia metabolizável (EM) para poedeiras leves da linhagem Lohmann LSL, utilizando-se o método fatorial. Para determinar o efeito da temperatura sobre as exigências de EM para mantença, foram conduzidos experimentos em câmaras climáticas com temperaturas constantes de 12, 22 e 31ºC, utilizando a técnica do abate comparativo. A exigência de energia líquida para o ganho de peso foi determinada por meio da regress...

Discursos produzidos por colonos do sul do país sobre a matemática e a escola de seu tempo

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Fernanda Wanderer

2008-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo presenta resultados parciales de una investigación que tuvo como finalidad analizar discursos sobre la escuela y la matemática escolar producidos por un grupo de colonos, descendientes de alemanes y evangelistas luteranos que frecuentaban una escuela rural del municipio de Estrela (RS, cuando la efectividad de los decretos que establecieron la Campaña de Nacionalización - una de las medidas del Estado Nuevo (1937-1945, implementado en Brasil por Getúlio Vargas. La sustentación teórica del estudio se encuentra en el campo de la etnomatemática - constituido mediante los entrecruzamientos de las teorías post estructuralistas, en especial el pensamiento de Michel Foucault, y de las ideas formuladas por Ludwig Wittgenstein en su obra Investigações filosóficas. El material de investigación examinado en el artículo consiste en narraciones producidas por siete colonos que estudiaron en aquella escuela en el período enfocado y en un texto elaborado por uno de los participantes de la pesquisa. El ejercicio analítico realizado, mostró que: la matemática escolar practicada en aquella institución fue siendo constituida como un conjunto de juegos de lenguaje marcados por la escritura y por el formalismo; las matemáticas generadas en las actividades cotidianas de los participantes del estudio, pueden ser significadas como ajustando juegos de lenguaje regidos por otra gramática, que utilizaba reglas como la oral, la desorganización, la estimativa y arredondando las cifras, constituyendo criterios de racionalidad diferentes de aquellos presentes en los juegos que engendraban la matemática local.

Wittgenstein i zagadka Anzelma

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Jakub Gomułka

2013-09-01

Full Text Available The paper is devoted to the problem of the two paradoxes: the paradox of absolute value in Wittgenstein’s Lecture on Ethics and the paradox of Anselm’s Name of God from the Proslogion. I try to present linguistic determinants of both paradoxes and point out to certain similarities between them. However, the main part of the article focuses on the solution of Anselm’s paradox given by Cora Diamond, the prominent Wittgensteinian scholar in her 1995 book The Realistic Spirit. Diamond develops extensive comparison of the concept of that than which nothing greater can be conceived and a series of peculiar riddles – she calls the Anselm’s concept the great riddle, since, as in other riddles presented, we cannot deal with it in a usual way. The author of The Realistic Spirit shows that what enables us to resolve, say, the riddle of Sphinx, is our obtaining a new way of understanding of the words which compose the riddle itself, because the standard understanding will not lead us to any answer. However, when it comes to the great riddle we know that we cannot obtain any way of understanding which will enable us to conceive it. This does not mean that the riddle cannot make any sense for us. We can believe that there is a solution (in fact, we know the solution which has been given to us in the Revelation, but we cannot understand it and hence we can treat the great riddle as an euqation which we lack proof but we know there is one. As Diamond calls it, we have the promissory meaning of the riddle. In my opinion the idea of the promissory meaning as an interesting solution of Anselm’s paradox, but I notice that the idea itself is conditioned by religious faith or by something I call the empathic atheism (in short: an attitude which let atheists to imagine the believers’ point of view.

Significados da gravidez e da maternidade: discursos de primíparas e multíparas

OpenAIRE

Silva, Flavia Baroni; Souza, Laura Vilela e; Scorsolini-Comin, Fabio

2013-01-01

Resumo: O objetivo foi compreender os sentidos sobre maternidade e as vivências da gravidez em gestantes primíparas e multíparas. Foram entrevistadas seis gestantes, sendo três primíparas e três multíparas. Nas falas, foram trazidos temas como dificuldades físicas, alterações corporais, repercussão da gravidez no relacionamento conjugal, planejamento da gravidez e envolvimento paterno. Observou-se, nas primíparas, que a inexperiência trouxe insegurança, ao passo que, em algumas multíparas, ho...

Estrategias para negociaciones exitosas.

OpenAIRE

José B. Parra V; Evelinda Santiago J.; Misael Murillo M.; Candy Atonal N.

2010-01-01

Las estrategias de negociación son herramientas para disminuir conflictos o para intercambiar bienes y servicios. Una negociación exitosa crea relaciones de solidaridad y propicia reciprocidad, cooperación y confianza para quienes tendrán relaciones permanentes de negociación con beneficios para ambas partes. Una estrategia de negociación exitosa requiere manejar el desarrollo del ambiente social del grupo de personas, con la finalidad de tener presente las fronteras que no pueden irrumpirse....

Review of Formen des Klärens by Christian Erbacher

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Tea Jankovic

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Book review of Christian Erbacher's Formen des Klärens, Literarisch-Philosophische Darstellungsmittel in Wittgensteins Schriften, Münster: mentis 2015. *** Christian Erbacher’s Formen des Klärens, Literarisch-Philosophische Darstellungsmittel in Wittgensteins Schriften, which I would translate as Forms of Elucidating, Literary-Philosophical Means of Presentation in Wittgenstein’s Works, comprises and critically analyzes the most important phases of almost a hundred years of both English and German speaking Wittgenstein scholarship on the form of his literary-philosophical presentation. Furthermore, Erbacher demonstrates a thorough first hand knowledge of Wittgenstein’s manuscripts and manner of work, while at the same time offering an interpretation of the Tractatus logico-philosophicus, as well as later works, that is capable of comprehending both Wittgenstein’s serious and intense ethical and aesthetic preoccupations, as well as his significant contributions to logic and philosophy of language. Furthermore, despite its density, Erbacher’s slender book admirably achieves an elegant lucidity. Thus it performatively shows the unity of aesthetic-rhetorical form and philosophical content, as well as the ethical ideal of clarity at the core of Wittgenstein’s concerns.

Is relativism the limit of my world?

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Jonathan Elizondo Orozco

2016-12-01

Full Text Available In his book Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, Wittgenstein put ethics among the things that our language cannot grasp. Later, in the Philosophical Investigations he extended the possibilities of meaning, which resulted in some speculations about an alternative way to grasp or to express ethical judgements. If this is possible, then some questions arise: Does this imply a Metaethical Cognitivism? If the conditions of expression in the language have been relativized, does this imply an ethical relativism or, even, a type of subjectivism? In this article, I will try to argue first against those who defend an ethical relativism using Wittgenstein´s later philosophy and, after this, I will defend that the opponents of ethical relativism that use the Philosophical Investigations as a weapon in their arguments, are also wrong. My suggestion is that there is no prove in that book that shows that Wittgenstein opened the possibility for language to express the “Superior” [Höheres], and that the application of the concepts he introduced will not let us defend an ethical relativism, but some sort of epistemic relativism that could be amplified or used by Metaethics.

Linguagem e ensino de sociologia: reflexões sobre a apropriação da linguagem sociológica

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Erika Kulessa de Souza

2016-07-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1806-5023.2016v13n1p141 Neste artigo proponho uma reflexão sobre o aprendizado da Sociologia no Ensino Médio, tendo a linguagem questão central. Considero alguns aspectos da dimensão linguística do ensino e procuro caracterizar a linguagem sociológica e suas relações com o desenvolvimento do olhar sociológico. Recorro às contribuições de Wittgenstein e Vigotski sobre as relações entre pensamento, linguagem e conhecimento, pois apesar de apresentarem concepções de linguagem distintas, e em alguma medida conflitantes, é possível aproximar as implicações que essas duas perspectivas têm para compreender o processo de apropriação da linguagem sociológica.

«... Cercare l'esperienza alla sua fonte». Il dono della verità

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Vincenzo Vitiello

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Un cammino nel territorio della conoscenza, da Wittgenstein a Kant, da Aristotele a Platone, con finale apertura all’etica dell’«accanto», dell’io tu a se medesimo e di se medesimo, ovvero: alla filosofia come testimonianza, alla verità come dono d’altri. «...Look for the experience at its source». The gift of truth A path into the territory of knowledge, from Wittgenstein to Kant, from Aristotle to Plato, with a final opening to the ethics of 'beside', of the I (that is «You» towards Himself and of Himself; that is, to philosophy as witness, to truth as others' gift.

Formalized Epistemology, Logic, and Grammar

Science.gov (United States)

Bitbol, Michel

The task of a formal epistemology is defined. It appears that a formal epistemology must be a generalization of "logic" in the sense of Wittgenstein's Tractatus. The generalization is required because, whereas logic presupposes a strict relation between activity and language, this relation may be broken in some domains of experimental enquiry (e.g., in microscopic physics). However, a formal epistemology should also retain a major feature of Wittgenstein's "logic": It must not be a discourse about scientific knowledge, but rather a way of making manifest the structures usually implicit in knowledge-gaining activity. This strategy is applied to the formalism of quantum mechanics.

Entre o dizer e o mostrar: o lugar da secção do solipsismo na estrutura argumentativa do Tractatus

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Gerson Júnior

2011-06-01

Full Text Available The distinction between saying and showing is central in the development of critical language made by the early Wittgenstein. Assuming that the numbering system of the Tractatus points (despite all the controversies to certain argumentative structure of the book, this text has two goals: (1 locate the group of propositions that deal with the issue of solipsism (5.6 to 5641 within that structure, and (2 show that the place where these propositions are part of an argumentative strategy of Wittgenstein, since it is where we find the climax of the distinction between what can be said and what should be shown.

Ludwig Boltzmann, Albert Einstein and Franz Joseph; Ludwig Boltzmann, Albert Einstein und Franz Joseph

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Broda, E.

1983-07-01

Under the Emperor Francis Joseph (1848-1916) the natural sciences were less weIl supported in Austria than in other countries of Europe. This is explained by the fact that the German speaking middle classes accepted the preeminence of the feudal forces with their antiscientific attitude. The reason for this readiness to subordination was that those middle classes feIt threatened in their relatively favourable situation by Slavs and Latins. Francis Joseph was the typical representative of the aristocracy. Personally, he did his duty conscientiously and was not corrupt, but progressive ideas and scientific thought were alien to him. From his desk he treated Boltzmann benevolently, but he had no wish to meet personally the greatest mind of the Empire or in any respect to ask his views. Another famous subject of the Emperor, Albert Einstein, was apparently ignored altogether. The structural weakness of Austria, due to the national problems, led to immobilism in her scientific life, but also, up to a point, to tolerance. The impression of Victor Adler on Einstein is considered in this historical context. (author) [German] Die Naturwissenschaften wurden in Österreich unter Franz Joseph (1848-1916) weniger gefördert als in anderen Staaten Europas. Dies wird darauf zurückgeführt, daß das deutschsprechende Bürgertum sich mit der Vorherrschaft der feudalen Kräfte abfand, die nicht wissenschafts-freundlich waren. Für die Bereitschaft zur Unterordnung unter die Feudalen war maßgebend, daß das deutschsprechende Bürgertum sich durch Slawen und Romanen in seiner relativen Vorzugsstellung bedroht sah. Franz Joseph war der typische Repräsentant des konservativen Feudalismus. Er war persönlich pflichtbewußt und integer, doch waren ihm fortschrittliche Gedanken und wissenschaftliche Denkweise fremd. Boltzmann behandelte er von seinem Schreibtisch aus wohlwollend, doch hegte er keinen Wunsch, den größten Geist seines Reiches persönlich kennen zu lernen oder ihn in irgendeiner Hinsicht um seine Meinung zu fragen. Von seinem Untertanen Albert Einstein, damals schon sehr berühmt, nahm Franz Joseph offenbar überhaupt kaum Notiz. Die Strukturschwäche Österreichs, die durch die nationalen Probleme bedingt war, führte in seinem wissenschaftlichen Leben zu Immobilismus, aber auch bis zu einem gewissen Grade zu Toleranz. Die Eindrücke Einsteins bei Victor Adler werden in den historischen Zusammenhang gesetzt. (author)

Firiedrich Hübbe mõistatus / Mart Siilivask

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Siilivask, Mart, 1966-

2013-01-01

Tartus tegutsenud Friedrich Hübbest ja Tallinnas tegutsenud Friedrich Ludwig Theodor Hübbest. Tartus tegutsenud Friedrich Hübbe sai 1873. aastal raelt heakskiidu iseseisva ehitusettevõtte rajamiseks. 1877. aastal sai ta loa rajada Emajõe ja Kroonuaia tänava nurgakrundile aurusaeveski. See mees pole seotud Tallinna ehitusäriga. Tallinnas tegutses teine Mecklenburgist pärit ehitusmeister - Friedrich Ludwig Theodor Hübbe, kes asutas 1907. aastal Toompuiestee 10 oma ehitusettevõtte

Para-equilibrium phase diagrams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pelton, Arthur D.; Koukkari, Pertti; Pajarre, Risto; Eriksson, Gunnar

2014-01-01

Highlights: • A rapidly cooled system may attain a state of para-equilibrium. • In this state rapidly diffusing elements reach equilibrium but others are immobile. • Application of the Phase Rule to para-equilibrium phase diagrams is discussed. • A general algorithm to calculate para-equilibrium phase diagrams is described. - Abstract: If an initially homogeneous system at high temperature is rapidly cooled, a temporary para-equilibrium state may result in which rapidly diffusing elements have reached equilibrium but more slowly diffusing elements have remained essentially immobile. The best known example occurs when homogeneous austenite is quenched. A para-equilibrium phase assemblage may be calculated thermodynamically by Gibbs free energy minimization under the constraint that the ratios of the slowly diffusing elements are the same in all phases. Several examples of calculated para-equilibrium phase diagram sections are presented and the application of the Phase Rule is discussed. Although the rules governing the geometry of these diagrams may appear at first to be somewhat different from those for full equilibrium phase diagrams, it is shown that in fact they obey exactly the same rules with the following provision. Since the molar ratios of non-diffusing elements are the same in all phases at para-equilibrium, these ratios act, as far as the geometry of the diagram is concerned, like “potential” variables (such as T, pressure or chemical potentials) rather than like “normal” composition variables which need not be the same in all phases. A general algorithm to calculate para-equilibrium phase diagrams is presented. In the limit, if a para-equilibrium calculation is performed under the constraint that no elements diffuse, then the resultant phase diagram shows the single phase with the minimum Gibbs free energy at any point on the diagram; such calculations are of interest in physical vapor deposition when deposition is so rapid that phase

Estrategia para elevar la motivación laboral; factor imprescindible para mejorar nuestra productividad.

OpenAIRE

Reina de los Ángeles Carballé Piñón

2015-01-01

Este trabajo "Estrategia para elevar la motivación laboral; factor imprescindible para mejorar nuestra productividad" resulta de la investigación realizada para tesis de maestría; se realizó el estudio de 2 entidades, nos permitió conocer las principales posiciones que sobre motivación existen, factores que la influencian, cómo incide en el desempeño laboral y que acciones diseñar para elevarla. Las 2 entidades seleccionadas, claves en el desempeño empresarial son un centro de interfase y un...

Estrategias para negociaciones exitosas.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José B. Parra V

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Las estrategias de negociación son herramientas para disminuir conflictos o para intercambiar bienes y servicios. Una negociación exitosa crea relaciones de solidaridad y propicia reciprocidad, cooperación y confianza para quienes tendrán relaciones permanentes de negociación con beneficios para ambas partes. Una estrategia de negociación exitosa requiere manejar el desarrollo del ambiente social del grupo de personas, con la finalidad de tener presente las fronteras que no pueden irrumpirse. Otro aspecto importante, es el lenguaje corporal utilizado por las personas y las tácticas que se practican. El manejo de esta información permite diseñar diferentes modelos de negociaciones para cada caso específico. Este documento propone la utilización de la herramienta MONACO, diseñada por los autores, que es un software útil para encontrar los mejores tácticas posibles dentro de una negociación; basándose en el lenguaje corporal que muestra el negociante oponente durante cada oferta monetaria. El uso de este software da al negociador la oportunidad de manejar las negociaciones con mayor control, el negociador que usa el software puede elegir una estrategia de acuerdo a las relaciones que espera mantener con el negociador oponente.

Linguagem e atividade no desenvolvimento cognitivo: algumas reflexões sobre as contribuições de Vygotsky e Leontiev Language and activity in cognitive development: some reflections about the contributions of Vygotsky and Leontiev

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Carolina Lampreia

1999-01-01

Full Text Available As noções de linguagem e atividade foram consideradas centrais para o estudo do desenvolvimento cognitivo por Vygotsky e Leontiev. Vygotsky queria analisar como a atividade prática contribui para a formação da consciência. Contudo, suas pesquisas permaneceram centradas na linguagem. Conseqüentemente, não ficou clara, em seu trabalho, a relação existente entre linguagem e atividade. Leontiev desenvolveu uma teoria cuja unidade de análise passou a ser a atividade. Mas não desenvolveu a análise do papel da linguagem. Assim, embora ambos tenham considerado a relevância desses dois aspectos do desenvolvimento cognitivo, nenhum dos dois os abordou simultaneamente. Por outro lado, as reflexões filosóficas do ‘segundo’ Wittgenstein a respeito da linguagem permitiram-lhe concebê-la como uma forma de ação não sendo possível separar atividade e linguagem. Juntando-se a autores com preocupações similares, esta perspectiva pode permitir elaborar uma abordagem eminentemente contextualista do desenvolvimento cognitivo inspirada nas formulações de Vygotsky e Leontiev. Mas é preciso analisar e discutir suas noções de linguagem e atividade no contexto da perspectiva wittgensteiniana.The notions of language and activity have been seen as of central importance to the study of cognitive development by L. S. Vygotsky and A. N. Leontiev. Vygotsky’s idea was to analyze how practical activity contributes to the development of consciousness. However, his studies concentrated on language and do not clarify the relationship between activity and language. Leontiev developed a theory in which activity is the unit of analysis but failed to carry out a thorough analysis of the role of language. Although Vygotsky and Leontiev considered the relevance of these two aspects of cognitive development, neither of them examined the two aspects simultaneously. In Wittgenstein’s philosophical reflections, language and activity can no longer be considered

A sociolingüística de Goffman e a comunicação mediada Goffman's sociolinguistics and the mediated communication

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jordão Horta Nunes

2007-11-01

Full Text Available É bastante conhecida a influência da relação entre linguagem e sociedade na metodologia das ciências sociais, desde a análise das formas primitivas de classificação de Mauss e Durkheim até as teorias do discurso em Paul Ricoeur ou em Habermas. Menos populares são as perspectivas sociolingüísticas, que enfocam a relação entre as formas de falar e a vida social, com raízes no relativismo lingüístico de Sapir-Whorf, na concepção pragmática da linguagem de Wittgenstein e na teoria dos atos performativos de Austin. O objetivo deste texto é reconstruir algumas perspectivas sociolingüísticas na análise da comunicação mediada, com destaque para a teoria goffmaniana dos frames (quadros, artifícios que orientam a interpretação e constituem, ao mesmo tempo, condições necessárias para sua existência. Efetiva-se, finalmente, mediante o desenvolvimento de um estudo de caso, uma possibilidade de aplicação metodológica da teoria do frame na análise do correio eletrônico como forma de comunicação mediada por computador.The influence of the relationship between language and society on the methodology of the social sciences is well-known, beginning with the analyses of primitive forms of classification proposed by Mauss and Durkheim, and extending to the theories of discourse found in Ricoeur or Habermas. Less popular are sociolinguistic approaches that focus on the relation between forms of speech and social life, rooted in the linguistic relativism of Sapir-Whorf, Wittgenstein's linguistic pragmatics and Austin's Speech Act Theory. The aim of this article is to reconstruct a number of linguistic approaches to the analysis of mediated communication, highlighting Goffman's Frame Theory - artifices that frame interpretation and simultaneously comprise its necessary conditions for existence. The article closes with a case study, examining the possibility of applying Frame Theory to the analysis of e-mail as a form of computer

Subject: Construct or Acting Being? The Status of the Subject and the Problem of Solipsism in Wittgenstein’s Tractatus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Włodzimierz HEFLIK

2011-06-01

Full Text Available In his Tractatus and Notebooks 1914-1916, Wittgenstein develops some themes concerning the nature of the subject, transcendentalism, solipsism and mysticism. Though Wittgenstein rejects a naive, psychological understanding of the subject, he preserves the idea of the metaphysical subject, so-called “philosophical I”. The present investigations exhibit two ways of grasping the subject: (1 subject as a boundary (of the world; (2 subject (I as the world. The author of the paper aims to analyze different methods of conceiving the subject, both logical and transcendental. Then he discusses the naturalistic or reductionist consequences of solipsism which were derived by Wittgenstein. Moreover, he refers to the concept of ‘subject of will’ introduced in the Tractatus. Finally, the author puts a question whether the metaphysical subject is a boundary of the world identified with the subject of will. While trying to answer this question one can point to the essential difficulties of Wittgenstein’s standpoint. These difficulties become especially evident if we examine Wittgenstein’s statements concerning mysticism. The category of subject seems to gain a new dimension when reconsidered in this context. In the conclusion, the author offers an interpretation inspired by Schopenhauer’s conception of the double aspect of the subject that is to overstep these difficulties.

Ludwig Boltzmann, mechanics and vitalism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Broda, E.

1990-01-01

During most of his life Boltzmann considered classical mechanics, based on the ideas of material points and central forces, as the fundament of physics. On this basis he became one of the founders of Statistical Mechanics, through which thermodynamics was interpreted on an atomistic basis. In this work, Boltzmann was opposed by his colleague, Ernst Mach. Boltzmann also devoted much work to attempts to interpret Maxwell's theory of the electromagnetic field, of which he was a main protagonist in Central Europe, through mechanics. However, as a supporter of mechanics Boltzmann was by no means dogmatic. While he was adamant in his rejection of Wilhelm Ostwald's energism, he was openminded in respect to the relationship of mechanics, electromagnetism and atomistics. Personally, Boltzmann wanted to conserve and transmit the enormous achievements of mechanics, especially in connection with the mechanical theory of heat, so that these results should not be lost to future generations, but he encouraged attempts to proceed in new directions. While within the framework of statistical mechanics the atoms were treated like the material points of classical mechanics, Boltzmann resisted the initial, unwarranted, ideas about the structure and the properties of the atoms. When later valid ideas were evolved, Boltzmann warmly welcomed this progress, without however personally taking part in the new developments. In his later years, Boltzmann took an intense interest in biology. He supported Darwin's theories, and he contributed to them. He may be called an 'absolute Darwinist'. In his search for a natural explanation of the phenomena of life, he used the term 'mechanical', without meaning to limit them to the realm of classical mechanics. This terminological laxity is considered as unfortunate. Extending his application of Darwinian principles to advanced species, including man, Boltzmann put forward 'mechanical' explanations of thought, of morality, of the sense of beauty, and of happiness or unhappiness. 'The god, by whose grace the kings rule, is the fundamental law of mechanics' he said. It is argued now that this impressive but misleading terminology does not justify consideration of Boltzmann as a mechanical materialist. In present terms, Boltzmann was a reductionist rather than a vitalist. He also was one of the founders of evolutionary epistemology. (author)

¿Argumentar para definir o definir para argumentar?

OpenAIRE

Silva, Luz; Samper, Carmen

2013-01-01

Se presenta y se ilustra un marco de referencia de un estudio en curso para obtener el título de Maestría en Docencia de la Matemática de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional (Colombia); estudio sobre la conexión entre las acciones de definir y argumentar, que puede contribuir a la práctica de profesores en ejercicio y en formación. La habilidad para construir una definición es un posible indicio de comprensión, mientras que saberla de memoria no garantiza la comprensión del concepto (Vinner, 1...

Guias ópticos para sensores

OpenAIRE

Marcos de Castro Pacitti

1993-01-01

Neste trabalho foram estudados guias ópticos para atuarem como sensores ou em sistemas sensores. Ênfase especial foi dada em guias ópticos retangulares, para dispositivos ópticos integrados, e fibras ópticas elípticas. A analise de fibras ópticas elípticas resultou em um modelamento pratico para projeto das mesmas em aplicações onde se deseja operar com dois modos guiados, situação esta que se mostra muito atraente para implementação de diversos tipos de sensores a fibra óptica. A seguir es...

Labbtex: Toolbox para generación de informes en LATEX para Matlab

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Luis Almazán Gárate

2012-10-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta el software desarrollado por el Equipo H3lite dentro del Departamento de Ingeneniería Civil. Transportes de la Escuela de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid para la generación de informes enLATEX mediante el software Matlab® y la integración en sus rutinas, Labbtex.La librería Labbtex proporciona un marco flexible para mezclar texto y código Matlab® para la generación automática de documentos. Un rchivo fuente simple contiene el texto de documentación y el código Matlab, al correr la aplicación se genera un documento final LATEX que contiene el texto, gráficos y tablas indicados con el formato de un documento LATEX. El código Matlab genera un documento LATEX usando la sintaxis. Así, LATEX (para composición de texto de alta calidad y Matlab® (para cálculo matemático pueden usarse simultáneamente. Esto permite la generación de informes en tiempo real con un uso de recursos mínimo.

Karl Valentin’s Illogical Subversion: issues arising from Karl Valentin’s Das Aquarium and Liesl Karlstadt’s Verein der Katzenfreund

OpenAIRE

Wilson, Mike; Double, Oliver

2003-01-01

Valentin Ludwig Fey was born on 4 June 1882 in the Munich suburb of Au, effectively the only child of an artisan-class family – his sister and two brothers all died in early childhood before Valentin Ludwig was even six months old. Valentin himself only narrowly survived a childhood encounter with diptheria (all of which, perhaps unsurprisingly, contributed to his ever-increasing hypochondria1), but he went on to become Karl Valentin, arguably the most famous German comedian and cabaret perfo...

Internet como instrumento para la Yihad

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Alfonso Merlos García

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Las extraordinarias ventajas que ofrece Internet lo han convertido en un instrumento clave y dinámico en la estrategia de los yihadistas. Los medios de comunicación, la clase política y las agencias de seguridad e información han tendido a concentrar sus esfuerzos en la neutralización del ciberterrorismo sin prestar suficiente atención a los múltiples usos de Internet que están haciendo los neosalafistas: para la propaganda y para la guerra psicológica, para el reclutamiento y para la financiación, para la documentación y para la planificación de atentados. Las democracias deberían considerar el coste que tendrá la derrota frente al movimiento yihadista globalizado en la batalla por el ciberespacio

Cross-elicitation responses to 2-methoxymethyl-para-phenylenediamine in para-phenylenediamine-allergic individuals

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schuttelaar, M.-L.; Coenraads, P.-J.; Blömeke, B.; Goebel, C.

2016-01-01

The introduction of a methoxymethyl side chain into para-phenylenediamine (PPD) resulted in the development of a new hair dye molecule: 2-methoxymethyl-para-phenylenediamine (Me-PPD). Besides having excellent hair colouring properties, this PPD derivate has significantly lower skin-sensitizing

Oro para Colombia

OpenAIRE

Rubio Forero, María Claudia

2016-01-01

Las mujeres han debido atravesar un largo camino partiendo de la discriminación hasta empezar un proceso de equidad en la sociedad y en el deporte, de esta manera llegar a ser parte de un evento como los Juegos Olímpicos. Esta tesis toma el caso de tres atletas colombianas y describe su proceso de formación para lograr dos medallas de oro para el país.

Infraestructura para laboratorios de acceso remoto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

López Luro, Francisco

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Las tecnologías de Internet permiten el uso de sistemas de software distribuido para el acceso en forma remota a laboratorios físicos y virtuales, para llevar a cabo actividades de investigación experimental a distancia. A partir de los marcos teóricos que definen los estructurantes de los laboratorios, los implementadores de laboratorios de acceso remoto deben diseñar y desarrollar arquitecturas de servicios que permitan un acceso flexible y controlado. Este trabajo define una infraestructura para la implementación de aplicaciones para el acceso remoto a laboratorios físicos y virtuales y para la gestión de los mismos. Se presentan conceptos que permiten extender la modalidad tradicional de conexión con un dispositivo, para llevar adelante actividades prácticas de laboratorio colaborativas y concurrentes.

Ztvárnění přírody ve vybraných pohádkách ve sbírce Phantasus od Ludwiga Tiecka

OpenAIRE

Böhmová, Ellen

2011-01-01

The representation of the nature in the chosen fairy tales from the collection Phantasus by Ludwig Tieck. This thesis deals with the depiction of nature which played an important role in German literature of the early Romanticism. The analysis is based on three fairytales from Phantasus by Ludwig Tieck, namely, on two »nature tales« Der blonde Eckbert and Der Runenberg and one later tale Die Elfen. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first one-theoretical, introduces the author of ...

Rosenzweig. Buber, Levinas, Wittgenstein Publishe

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ike Odimegwu

upon a philosophy of the person; and 3) human interrelationships (communities) .... are not unrelated to the famous claim of Levinas that “ethics is first philosophy. ... rejects attempts to ground ethical behavior toward other persons on the idea ...

Diseño de imágenes para ciegos, material didáctico para niños con discapacidad visual.

OpenAIRE

FUENTES NIEVES, FABIOLA MIREYA

2014-01-01

El objetivo de este proyecto es contribuir investigación para la creación, la aplicación, la transformación del quehacer profesional del diseño gráfico en el conocimiento y las habilidades, en la formación de profesionales en el área del diseño para material didáctico para esta disciplina, por lo cual es necesario cambiar respuestas para lo local y/o para la globalización. En la historia del diseño, se plantea, proyectar para la globalización, para la humanidad. Ahora el planteamiento de r...

La psicopatología del trastorno del espectro autista en perspectiva de segunda persona

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana María Giraldo Giraldo

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Ha sido ampliamente estudiado, cómo el estudio de la psicopatología del trastorno del espectro autista (TEA tiene grandes consecuencias para algunas teorías de filosofía de la mente. Empero, no solo los estudios en psicología dejan huella en la filosofía, sino que también algunos estudios en filosofía surten efecto en la psicología. El caso que se presenta en este artículo es de doble vía. Por un lado, cómo la psicopatología del TEA obliga a la filosofía de la mente a repensar la vida mental y, por otro, cómo un cambio de perspectiva en la explicación de la interpretación psicológica, de la mano de Wittgenstein, obliga a la psicología a repensar la psicopatología del TEA.

The para-petroleum industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2002-07-01

The para-petroleum industry includes societies that realize studies and installations for the deposits exploitation. This document presents the situation of the para-petroleum industry in 2001, the world investment growth of the activity, the french societies financial results and an inventory of the main operations in the amalgamation domain. (A.L.B.)

Adesao ao guia alimentar para populacao brasileira

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eliseu Verly Junior

2013-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO : Analisar a adesão ao Guia Alimentar para População Brasileira. MÉTODOS : Amostra composta por participantes do Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo (n = 1.661 que preencheram dois recordatórios de 24 horas. Foi utilizado modelo bivariado de efeito misto para a razão entre o consumo de energia do grupo de alimentos e o consumo calórico total. A razão estimada foi utilizada para calcular o percentual de indivíduos com consumo abaixo ou acima da recomendação. RESULTADOS : Pelo menos 80,0% da população consome abaixo do recomendado para: leite e derivados; frutas e sucos de frutas; e cereais, tubérculos e raízes; aproximadamente 60,0% para legumes e verduras; 30,0% para feijões; e 8,0% para carnes e ovos. Adolescentes apresentaram a maior inadequação para legumes e verduras (90,0%, e o estrato de maior renda foi associado à menor inadequação para óleos, gorduras e sementes oleaginosas (57,0%. CONCLUSÕES : Foi observado consumo inadequado dos grupos de alimentos relacionados com aumento do risco de doenças crônicas.

Algoritmos para problemas de empacotamento

OpenAIRE

Eduardo Candido Xavier

2006-01-01

Resumo: Neste trabalho estudamos diversos problemas de empacotamento considerados NP-difíceis. Assumindo a hipótese de que P ? NP, sabemos que não existem algoritmos eficientes (complexidade de tempo polinomial) exatos para resolver tais problemas. Uma das abordagens consideradas para tratar tais problemas é a de algoritmos de aproximação, que são algoritmos eficientes e que geram soluções com garantia de qualidade. Neste trabalho apresentamos alguns algoritmos aproximados para problemas de e...

A Discussion of Students Understanding, Learning and Application of Theory of Science within Humanities and Social Science

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wiberg, Merete

when they learn a disciplinary area and in this context design strategies for investigations and project writing. Due to the massification of education and research (Gibbons 1998, 2005) in most universities the tendency is that science and research have become oriented towards practice, partnerships...... is to discuss the role of theory of science in teaching and learning in the actual university context. It is to be discussed why a discussion of ontological complexity is relevant for the understanding of scientific work for both the researcher of today and the academics which are to apply research strategies......: European Educational Research Journal, Volume 6, no. 2, 2007 Nowotny, H. Scott, P., Gibbons, M. (2011). Re-Thinking Science, Cambridge: Polity Press Wittgenstein, L. (1984). Philosophische Untersuchungen. I: Wittgenstein, L. Werkausgabe Band 1. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp....

Wiittgensteins's contributions to a Philosophical reflection on technology

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Geraldo Dôres Armendane

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This article examines Wittgenstein’s cultural pessimism on the progress of Western techno-scientific civilization in the first half of the twentieth century, as well as the contributions of the Austrian thinker for a philosophical reflection on technology. We will also show that Wittgenstein’s philosophical position was based on a deep and intense activity of thought and language. The text is divided on in three parts: the first shows Wittgenstein’s cultural pessimism on the technological civilization progress; the second shows Wittgenstein's relationship with science and his strong opposition to the scientist ideology; the third presents Wittgenstein’s conception of philosophy therapy including for the uses of technological civilization. Finally, we conclude by showing that Wittgenstein's philosophy avoids the use of the "ladder" dealing with problems in the contemporary world.

JONAS, HANS, Memorias. Por Juan Arana

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Juan Arana

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Autor: Hans Jonas (2005. Editorial: Losada, Madrid. Traducción: Illana Giner Comín. Basadas en las conversaciones con Rachel Salamander. Proemiode Lore Jonas. Prólogo de Rachel Salamander. Editor: Christian Wiese. Hans Jonas forma parte, con Koestler,Popper, Heidegger o Wittgenstein, del selecto grupo de pensadores y escritores a quienes tocó vivir en primera persona gran parte de las peripecias del turbulento siglo XX. Pero, como en todo, hay diferencias.La trayectoria vital de Jonas no dibuja el perfil de una desmesura excéntrica, como la de Wittgenstein, ni de una tenaz ambición teórica, como la de Popper, ni de un lamentable olvido del prójimo, como la de Heidegger, ni de un aventurismo desquiciado, como la de Koestler.

Construcción de un indicador para medir competencias básicas para la vida

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Andrea Collado Chaves

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La necesidad de construir un indicador para cuantificar el nivel de Competencias Básicas para la Vida (CBV, nace con la evaluación los resultados de un proyecto dirigido a población joven. El propósito de ese proyecto es construir capital humano y empleabilidad en hombres y mujeres con edades entre 13 y 18 años, desertores o en riesgo de desertar del sistema educativo, sin empleo formal y que viven en ambientes de pobreza y exclusión. Una de las dimensiones de empleabilidad son las Competencias Básicas para la Vida. La dimensión de competencias básicas para la vida se refiere a aspectos de personalidad asociados con el desempeño del individuo en sus relaciones consigo mismo y con los demás. Los datos provienen de una investigación cuyo propósito consiste en evaluar los resultados de una intervención en población joven de comunidades pobres y excluidas. La construcción del indicador uso técnicas psicométricas para la validación de las distintas subdimensiones que pertenecen al concepto de competencias básicas para la vida. Según el marco conceptual este indicador está compuesto por seis dimensiones, la validación empírica hecha en este artículo incluye solamente cuatro de ellas, todas de carácter actitudinal. El indicador posee algunas ventajas en términos de la capacidad de discriminación debido a que su distribución tiende a ser normal. Sin embargo se ve afectaba por valores extremos a la izquierda del promedio y valores modales a una desviación estándar (positiva del promedio. Estos resultados serán útiles para discusiones futuras sobre los puntos de corte (baremos, el comportamiento del indicador cuando se correlaciona con deseabilidad social y la integración de la dimensión de Competencias Básicas para la Vida en el indicador de empleabilidad.

Propuesta metodológica para hacer un diagnóstico de la Educación para el Desarrollo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Javier Gómez González

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo quiere dar a conocer el diseño metodológico para la elaboración de un diagnóstico de situación de la educación para el desarrollo en Castilla y León, que se ha ideado desde el Observatorio de Cooperación Internacional de la Universidad de Valladolid con el fin de que el conocimiento sobre la situación actual de la educación para el desarrollo en Castilla y León sirva de base para la formulación de una futura estrategia de acción en educación para el desarrollo en la Comunidad.

Requisitos de clientes para o desenvolvimento de um implemento a fim de fechar taipas abertas para drenagem

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ulisses Giacomini Frantz

2015-04-01

Full Text Available O arroz irrigado é cultivado na maior parte do RS com aplainamento da superfície do solo em desnível e sistema de cultivo mínimo. Com a semeadura em solo seco, há necessidade de conformar drenos, que cortam transversalmente as taipas, na área de cultivo. Para o estabelecimento da lâmina de água definitiva, essas taipas abertas para drenagem devem ser fechadas e, para essa finalidade, não existe um equipamento específico que execute tal atividade com devida agilidade e qualidade, sendo necessário o desenvolvimento de um implemento com este fim. Ainda, para o processo de desenvolvimento de máquinas agrícolas, faz-se necessário o levantamento de uma série de informações. Na fase de projetação, essas informações são necessárias para o estabelecimento das necessidades dos clientes/usuários e dos requisitos dos clientes, para posteriormente serem transformadas em requisitos de projeto e estabelecidas as especificações de projeto. Desse modo, este trabalho objetivou determinar os requisitos dos clientes, a partir das suas necessidades, para o projeto de um implemento com a função de fechamento de taipas abertas para drenagem no arroz irrigado. As informações foram levantadas a partir de pesquisas bibliográficas e aplicação de questionários a futuros clientes/usuários. Como resultados, foram identificadas as necessidades dos clientes, assim como 25 requisitos de clientes

Hiperacumulación de metales : ¿una ventaja para la planta y para el hombre?

OpenAIRE

Llugany i Ollé, Mercè; Tolrà Pérez, Roser; Poschenrieder, Charlotte; Barceló Coll, Juan

2007-01-01

La hiperacumulación es la capacidad que tienen algunas plantas para concentrar metales en sus tejidos a niveles muy por encima de los normales sin presentar síntomas de toxicidad. Estas plantas hiperacumuladoras han desarrollado mecanismos internos de tolerancia a la toxicidad por metales. Esta peculiaridad las hace útiles para el hombre como herramienta en las nuevas tecnologías de fitoremediación. Sin embargo, ¿cual es el beneficio de esta hiperacumulación de metales para la propia planta? ...

Hiperacumulación de metales: ¿una ventaja para la planta y para el hombre?

OpenAIRE

M. Llugany; R. Tolrà; C. Poschnrieder; J. Barceló

2007-01-01

La hiperacumulación es la capacidad que tienen algunasplantas para concentrar metales en sus tejidos a niveles muy por encima de los normales sin presentar síntomas de toxicidad. Estas plantas hiperacumuladoras han desarrollado mecanismos internos de tolerancia a la toxicidad por metales. Esta peculiaridad las hace útiles para el hombre como herramienta en las nuevas tecnologías de fitoremediación. Sin embargo, ¿cual es el beneficio de esta hiperacumulación de metales para la propia planta? S...

¿Para que la historia?

OpenAIRE

Jaime Jaramillo Uribe

1998-01-01

Para qué sirve la historia?. ¿Puede el conocimiento del pasado darnos pautas para comprender el presente? Sobre este, como sobre tantos problemas teóricos de la historia, se han realizado largos e inacabados debates entre historiadores y filósofos. En este ensayo se acepta como eficaz la hipótesis de que conocer el origen y el desarrollo de un proceso es buen fundamento para explicarse una situación final. En el caso de la historia colombiana, se parte de la base de que al producirse la indep...

Subvenciones para instituciones Directrices para gastos de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

IDRC CRDI

División de Administración de Subvenciones ... En la Parte 2 del Acuerdo de Subvención estándar de IDRC se incluyen los límites ... pagar los costos de sustitución (tiempo libre para personal académico) de los investigadores principales.

Zoneamento agroclimático da palma forrageira (Opuntia sp. para o estado da Paraíba

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bergson G. Bezerra

2014-07-01

Full Text Available A palma forrageira tornou-se, ao longo dos anos, uma importante alternativa forrageira no semiárido brasileiro (SAB principalmente em longos períodos de estiagens. Apesar de sua magnitude para a agropecuária, seu cultivo tem dispensando tratos culturais básicos e embasamento técnico-científico quanto às suas exigências climáticas. Assim, o principal objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar o zoneamento agroclimático da cultura da palma forrageira (Opuntia sp. para o estado da Paraíba. O zoneamento agroclimático da palma forrageira foi elaborado com base nos indicadores climáticos delineados na literatura e nos dados climatológicos de precipitação e temperatura (média, máxima e mínima de 97 localidades do estado da Paraíba. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a mesorregião da Borborema é a que apresenta as condições climáticas mais favoráveis para o cultivo da palma forrageira. As mesorregiões do Agreste, Sertão e a parte do Litoral, são aptas porém com restrições. No entanto, recomenda-se o cultivo da palma forrageira em todo o território do estado da Paraíba, exceto para a parte costeira da mesorregião do Litoral e região em torno de Areia. Em ambos os casos a inaptidão ocorre em função do excesso de precipitação.

Plan estratégico para la empresa Global Logistics (GL) para el periodo 2017-2019

OpenAIRE

Castello Manky, Luis Fernando; Grados Iturrizaga, Miguel Augusto; Hudson Okumura, Ciro

2017-01-01

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad el desarrollo de un plan estratégico para la empresa Global Logistics (GL) para los años 2017 a 2019. Inicia con el análisis y diagnóstico situacional, donde se analiza el macroentorno en base al análisis PESTEL y luego se procede a analizar la industria considerando las cinco fuerzas de Porter, para, finalmente, determinar las oportunidades y amenazas que enfrenta la empresa. Una vez concluido el análisis y diagnóstico situacional, se...

Procedimiento para el cierre de canteras de materiales para construcción en Cuba

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julio Montero-Matos

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Con el propósito de facilitar a los concesionarios de canteras de materiales para la construcción una herramienta metodológica para efectuar el cierre de estas y garantizar una minería sostenible se propuso un procedimiento en seis etapas a partir del diagnóstico realizado en 22 canteras, ubicadas en tres regiones mineras cubanas. El procedimiento busca disminuir los impactos ambientales provocados por la explotación de las canteras y ofrecer a la industria un estándar para lograr uniformidad en la planificación y ejecución del cierre con un costo mínimo.

LOS SUEÑOS: UN ENFOQUE SEMÁNTICO

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Samuel Cabanchik

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El o los mundos en que vivimos -no haré profesión de fe pluralista en este trabajo- contienen tanto objetos reales como símbolos. A su vez, nos servimos de esos símbolos tanto para denotar y clasificar objetos reales, como para referirnos a ficciones, en las artes, los juegos, los mitos, las prácticas mágicas y rituales, y los sueños. En el presente trabajo presentaré elementos para un tratamiento semántico de las ficciones. Partiré de una teoría inscripcionalista de las ficciones, y me abocaré a un análisis de sus distintos funcionamientos semánticos en las artes, los mitos y los sueños. Muchas de las ideas que utilizaré se inspiran en la filosofía de Nelson Goodman, pero en este artículo me propongo extender sus ideas, del campo de los lenguajes del arte a las que él mismo las aplica, al tratamiento de los mitos y los sueños. Una herramienta destacada en esta tarea será la noción de "mención selectiva", introducida por Israel Scheffler para el tratamiento de las ficciones, aplicada por él mismo a las prácticas rituales, por ejemplo. En el caso de los sueños, aspiro a aportar instrumentos conceptuales para una mejor comprensión del tratamiento que Freud hizo de ellos, tomando en cuenta las observaciones críticas de Wittgenstein al respecto. La última sección del artículo está dedicada a exponer y evaluar algunas concepciones alternativas a la propuesta aquí, con el objeto de que puedan apreciarse mejor las ventajas comparativas del enfoque semántico, o bien su complementariedad posible con los enfoques pragmáticos.

Pravidla, normy a analytický filozofický diskurz

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Svoboda, Vladimír

2012-01-01

Roč. 19, č. 2 (2012), s. 143-179 ISSN 1335-0668 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP401/10/0146 Institutional support: RVO:67985955 Keywords : norms * rules * permissions * Wittgenstein Subject RIV: AA - Philosophy ; Religion

Godel's Theorem in Focus

CERN Document Server

Shanker, S G

2012-01-01

A layman's guide to the mechanics of Gödel's proof together with a lucid discussion of the issues which it raises. Includes an essay discussing the significance of Gödel's work in the light of Wittgenstein's criticisms.

Da inteligência parcial ao pensamento completo: desafios da ciência e da sociedade contemporânea DOI:10.5007/2175-7984.2011v10n19p41

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Cecília de Souza Minayo

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre várias noções teóricas e metodológicas que hoje fazem parte do vocabulário do mundo das ciências e das práticas profissionais como: multidisciplinaridade, multiprofissionalidade, interdisciplinaridade, transdisciplinaridade e pensamento complexo. Embora todos esses termos sejam tratados no texto, mesmo que brevemente, o artigo aprofunda a contribuição das teorias da complexidade, a partir de seus pensadores mais renomados: Ludwig von Bertalanffy, Henri Atlan, Ilya Prigogine e Edgard Morin. Entende-se que qualquer esforço de interação entre ciências e práticas é bem vindo para ampliar e aprofundar o conhecimento dos objetos. No entanto, essa interação precisa ser cada vez mais iluminada por conceitos das teorias complexas que apontam um futuro diferente para todas as áreas das ciências, frente a questões como incerteza, ruídos e crises que abrem possibilidades de escolhas e questionam as características principais das ciências tradicionais como regularidades, previsibilidade e verdades estabelecidas.

Desenvolvimento de filmes biodegradáveis para cobertura de solo, ensacamento de frutos e sacos para mudas

OpenAIRE

Ana Paula Bilck

2010-01-01

Filmes plásticos de polietileno e polipropileno derivados do petróleo são amplamente utilizados na agricultura para a confecção de estufas, sacos para produção de mudas e filmes para cobertura do solo. Estes filmes constituem um sério problema ambiental, pois devido ao seu elevado peso molecular e propriedades hidrofóbicas, possuem alta estabilidade química, levando um longo tempo para se decompor totalmente e também são de difícil reciclagem. A utilização de polímeros biodegradáveis é uma al...

Taller para desarrollar la creatividad

OpenAIRE

MARTÍNEZ GUEROLA, BEATRIZ

2015-01-01

[ES] Partimos de la base de que la creatividad es una capacidad realmente valiosa, no solo para el ámbito artístico, si no para cualquier aspecto de la vida. Este proyecto está enfocado a un taller diseñado para que a partir de técnicas de expresión gráfico-plásticas podamos estimular y desarrollar la creatividad, principalmente en niños de tercer ciclo de primaria. Con este proyecto relacionamos el arte y la creatividad que se asocia a esté con la educación. Martínez Guerola, B. (2015). T...

Sistema solar para aquecimento ambiente e aquecimento de piscinas: uma solução promissora para climas do Sul da Europa

OpenAIRE

Carvalho, M. J.; Neves, Ana

2006-01-01

A avaliação do sistema apresentado neste trabalho foi focada em sistemas que podem fornecer água quente, aquecimento ambiente e aquecimento de piscinas, e que são projectados para climas do Sul da Europa, especialmente para habitações uni-familiares. Pelas características climáticas do Sul da Europa, o aquecimento ambiente é apenas necessário para um curto período do ano, sendo para esta avaliação considerado um período de seis meses para aquecimento ambiente e um período de seis meses para a...

MODELO PARA DETERMINAR FUNÇÕES TRANSFERÊNCIA PARA ANÁLISE DE ESTABILIDADE DE VANTS

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Igor Mayer Soares

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho foi apresentado um modelo para determinar as funções de transferência para análise da estabilidade longitudinal de Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados (VANT através do desenvolvimento simplificado das equações do movimento de aeronaves. O sistema foi simplificado considerando que o motor e o arrasto na superfície de comando não influenciam na dinâmica do veículo, pois o mesmo é significativamente menor que um avião. Analisamos também a resposta em função do tempo para as deflexões das superfícies de comando. Nos resultados apresentados é possível perceber que mesmo simples, o modelo oferece uma boa aproximação para análise dinâmica de VANTs e predizer sua estabilidade e qualidade de voo.

MODELO PARA LA CREACIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO PARA PYMES

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Marino Valencia Rodríguez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available La creciente importancia del conocimiento, como nuevo factor de producción, hace que la creación y transferencia se convierta en una de las principales prioridades de las organizaciones. El presente artículo describe tanto los fundamentos de la teoría de los recursos y capacidades de la empresa como el enfoque de la gestión del conocimiento, con sus procesos de generación y transferencia del conocimiento. Estos sirven de guía básica teórica para alcanzar el siguiente objetivo: Diseñar un modelo de generación y transferencia de conocimiento para los procesos de dirección, gestión humana y del conocimiento para PyMES, con el fin de que éstas alcancen mayores niveles de competitividad. El modelo se diseña, a partir del direccionamiento estratégico de la organización. Está conformado por tres etapas, articuladas con elementos y actividades. Las acciones se enfocan en dos factores clave de éxito: la cultura organizacional y la formación. La utilización del modelo permitirá a las PyMES optimizar los recursos y capacidades disponibles, lo cual se refleja en el desempeño del trabajador y en el fortalecimiento de la cultura organizacional.

Flora da Paraíba, Brasil: Loganiaceae Flora of Paraíba, Brazil: Loganiaceae

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Kiriaki Nurit

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho apresenta-se o tratamento taxonômico da família Loganiaceae, como parte do projeto "Flora da Paraíba", que vem sendo realizado com o objetivo de identificar e catalogar as espécies da flora local. Realizouse coletas e observações de campo para as identificações, descrições e ilustrações botânicas que foram efetuadas após estudos morfológicos, com o auxílio da bibliografia especializada, complementados pela análise de fotos de tipos, espécimes dos herbários EAN, JPB e IPA, e comparação com material identificado por especialistas. Registrou-se para a Paraíba quatro espécies: Spigelia anthelmia L., com ampla distribuição, e três espécies de Strychnos, somente coletadas em remanescentes de Mata Atlântica, S. atlantica Krukoff & Barneby, S. parvifolia A. DC. e S. trinervis (Vell. Mart.This work constitutes a taxonomic treatment of the Loganiaceae family as part of the project "Flora da Paraíba", which have been carried out with the objective to identify and catalogue the species of the local flora. The botanical identifications and illustrations were made by morphological studies supported by bibliography, analysis of the types, specimens from herbaria EAN, JPB and IPA, and comparison with samples previously identified by specialists, complemented by field observations. Four species of Loganiaceae belonging two genera were found in State of Paraíba: Spigelia anthelmia L. that has wide distribution and three species of Strychnos, found on remains of Atlantic forest, which are S. atlantica Krukoff & Barneby, S. parvifolia A. DC. and S. trinervis (Vell. Mart.

Educación para emprender una alternativa para el siglo XXI

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Luis Gerardo Rodríguez Gómez

2015-05-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN El artículo describe la experiencia educativa del programa Físico- Deportivo orientado a estimular la actitud para emprender dentro de una concepción de forma integral, mediante Asignaturas de contenido Sico- físico, como parte del desarrollo curricular en Facultades de Administración de Empresas e ingeniería de Sistemas en la Escuela de Administración de Negocios (EAN. El desarrollo temático hace énfasis en un proceso orientado  a superar formas de educación encaminadas al logro de habilidades técnicas para el ejercicio de un empleo y propone desde  la educación delas conductas  motrices, modos de encausar la energía sicosomática con el fin de asimilar la incertidumbre del momento histórico que se vive en los países de lento desarrollo, para corresponder a un mundo que empuña la bandera de la diversidad, el cambio acelerado y la competencia tecnológica.

Riflessioni sulla ricezione di Goldoni nel '700 francese

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Olsen, Michel

2011-01-01

This essay takes up the relative incomprehension experienced in France by Goldoni, as before him by the great Dano-norwegian comedy-writer Ludwig Holberg. An exception was Élie Fréron, known as the antagonist of the philosophes, but rediscovered in the last decades of the last century as a brilli......This essay takes up the relative incomprehension experienced in France by Goldoni, as before him by the great Dano-norwegian comedy-writer Ludwig Holberg. An exception was Élie Fréron, known as the antagonist of the philosophes, but rediscovered in the last decades of the last century...

La carrera profesional para el profesorado

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José Gimeno Sacristán

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La carrera del profesorado es un instrumento para el reconocimiento del mérito de los profesores en el desarrollo de su profesionalidad -lo cual supone atender a la mejora de sus capacidades cognitivas como a su competencia reflexivo-práctica- cuyos fines son la motivación para el ejercicio de sus funciones, reforzar su compromiso con la educación en general y como forma de reconocer con justicia el mérito de los mejores profesionales. Desde un punto de vista estrictamente educativo, la carrera debe servir para la mejora de las prácticas de enseñanza que incidan en la mejora de los aprendizajes. Esta pretensión nos exige explicitar los criterios para determinar lo que entendemos como buenas prácticas y precisar los criterios para su evaluación. La complejidad de la enseñanza requiere metodologías adecuadas para abordar procesos de índole cualitativa. La regulación de la carrera docente tiene que superar tanto el cuantitativismo fácil en los métodos y la regulación burocrática de niveles de calidad, así como contemplar un conjunto de incentivos no solamente salariales.

Tiempo para un cambio

Science.gov (United States)

Woltjer, L.

1987-06-01

En la reunion celebrada en diciembre dei ano pasado informe al Consejo de mi deseo de terminar mi contrato como Director General de la ESO una vez que fuera aprobado el proyecto dei VLT, que se espera sucedera hacia fines de este aAo. Cuando fue renovada mi designacion hace tres aAos, el Consejo conocia mi intencion de no completar los cinco aAos dei contrato debido a mi deseo de disponer de mas tiempo para otras actividades. Ahora, una vez terminada la fase preparatoria para el VLT, Y habiendose presentado el proyecto formalmente al Consejo el dia 31 de marzo, y esperando su muy probable aprobacion antes dei termino de este ano, me parece que el 10 de enero de 1988 presenta una excelente fecha para que se produzca un cambio en la administracion de la ESO.

Ssk or Esw? -- the Bloor-Lynch Debate Revisited

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, Kai-Yuan

2014-03-01

Philosophical discussions of rule-following in the later Wittgenstein (1953, 1967) are an important source of inspiration for the development of views on the social nature of scientific knowledge. Two major opposing views in this inquiry -- Bloor's sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK) (1983, 1991, 1992, 1997) and Lynch's (1992, 1993) ethnomethodological studies of work (ESW) -- represent two positions derived from two different readings of Wittgenstein's later writings on rule-following. The aim of this paper is two-fold. One is to re-examine the noted Bloor-Lynch debate by considering Kusch's (2004) recent discussion of this debate. Another is to show that a new semantic framework of rule-following ascriptions based on a cognitive approach to the study of generics can be provided such that SSK and ESW are compatible in it (Leslie, 2009; Cheng, 2011).

Leasing: una alternativa de financiamiento para PYMES

OpenAIRE

Bedjan, María Belén

2008-01-01

En la actualidad las pequeñas y medianas empresas encuentran dificultades para acceder a las líneas tradicionales de créditos bancarios. Por otro lado las empresas necesitan actualizarse constantemente para poder ser competitivas en el mercado. Es aquí donde el leasing nace como una alternativa de financiación para las PyMEs. Este trabajo pretendió demostrar la conveniencia financiera del leasing con respecto a los préstamos bancarios para la compra de maquinarias agrícolas ...

Estrategia para elevar la motivación laboral; factor imprescindible para mejorar nuestra productividad.

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Reina de los Ángeles Carballé Piñón

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo "Estrategia para elevar la motivación laboral; factor imprescindible para mejorar nuestra productividad" resulta de la investigación realizada para tesis de maestría; se realizó el estudio de 2 entidades, nos permitió conocer las principales posiciones que sobre motivación existen, factores que la influencian, cómo incide en el desempeño laboral y que acciones diseñar para elevarla. Las 2 entidades seleccionadas, claves en el desempeño empresarial son un centro de interfase y un centro generador de conocimientos, nuestro objetivo principal es sugerir propuestas que eleven la motivación de los trabajadores del CIGET(centro de interfase y la Universidad de Sancti Spíritus(centro generador de conocimientos por desempeñar una mejor labor y lograr así aumento de la eficacia, eficiencia y productividad; este se concreta específicamente en determinar qué factores ocasionan desmotivación en los trabajadores del CIGET y la Universidad, identificar aquellos factores que realmente motivan a estas personas, de manera individual como colectivamente y trazar una estrategia con el objetivo de elevar la motivación de los trabajadores hacia la actividad que realizan y dotar a estos de herramientas para la identificación de actitudes positivas o negativas en el ámbito laboral y cómo potenciarlas o minimizarlas según sea el caso.

Competencia para desarrollar la alfabetización digital

OpenAIRE

González Rodríguez, José Santiago; Navarrete Aguirre, Mariana; Molina Zacate, Ma. Gabriela

2011-01-01

Introducción, Objetivos Generales, Temario: (1) ¿Qué significa la competencia para desarrollar la alfabetización digital? (2) ¿Por qué es relevante que adquiera la competencia para desarrollar la alfabetización digital en mi formación? (3) ¿Cómo aprendo la competencia para desarrollar la alfabetización digital? (4) ¿Cómo aplico la competencia para desarrollar la alfabetización digital? (5) ¿Cómo puedo autoevaluar mi competencia para desarrollar la alfabetización digital (...

Motivacao para o tratamento. Dados psicometricos da escala SOCRATES 8D e estrategias psicoterapeuticas para motivar para o tratamento

OpenAIRE

Janeiro, Luís; Faísca, Luís

2008-01-01

A motivação para o tratamento é considerada um factor fundamental para o processo de mudança e tratamento do toxicodependente. Prochaska, Diclemente, e Norcross (1992) consideram que a motivação que o sujeito possui no início do tratamento determina directamente os resultados alcançados no mesmo. Diclemente, Bellino, e Neavins (1999) acrescentam, ainda, que a estreita relação entre os resultados obtidos no tratamento e a motivação aquando do seu início pode ser medida pela formação precoce de...

Critical Thinking and Constructivism: Mambo Dog Fish to the Banana Patch

Science.gov (United States)

Boghossian, Peter

2012-01-01

Constructivist pedagogies cannot achieve their critical thinking ambitions. Constructivism, and constructivist epistemological presuppositions, actively thwarts the critical thinking process. Using Wittgenstein's private language argument, this paper argues that corrective mechanisms--the ability to correct a student's propositions and cognitions…

La estrategia educativa 2020 o las limitaciones del Banco Mundial para promover el "aprendizaje para todos"

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Antoni Verger

2011-12-01

Full Text Available LA NUEVA Estrategia Educativa 2020 del Banco Mundial establece las prioridades de reforma educativa en países en vías de desarrollo para la década siguiente. El título explícito de la estrategia, Aprendizaje para Todos, es un claro reconocimiento de que, más allá de políticas centradas en el acceso, se debe hacer algo más para asegurar que la educación derive en experiencias positivas de aprendizaje. Sin embargo, como este artículo sostiene, las opciones de políticas explícitas y latentes en la Estrategia 2020 no son las más adecuadas para lograr el Aprendizaje para Todos. El artículo desarrolla tres tipos de argumentos al respecto. El primero se refiere al fuerte apego del Banco a un conocimiento disciplinario y un enfoque metodológico que es insuficiente para entender lo que aprenden los niños en la escuela y por qué. El segundo argumento se refiere al sesgo pro-mercado de la Estrategia por lo que respecta a la reforma del sector público y a nuevas formas de oferta educativa. En tercer lugar, el artículo señala las principales ausencias de la Estrategia, con especial atención a las omisiones relacionadas con la compleja relación entre educación y pobreza.

Inteligencia Emocional para tiempos de crisis

OpenAIRE

Fernández-Berrocal, Pablo

2014-01-01

La Inteligencia Emocional se concibe como un conjunto de habilidades, tanto básicas como complejas, dirigidas a “unificar las emociones y el razonamiento”, esto es, usar las emociones para facilitar el razonamiento y los procesos de pensamiento, y usar nuestro razonamiento para pensar de forma inteligente acerca de nuestras emociones (Mayer y Salovey, 1997). En concreto, la IE se define como una habilidad mental que incluye “la capacidad para percibir, valorar y expresar las emociones con...

GRASP para o PQA: um limite de aceitação para soluções iniciais

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Range Maria Cristina

2000-01-01

Full Text Available O Problema Quadrático de Alocação (PQA pertence à classe dos problemas NP-Hard e desafia os pesquisadores tanto em sua teoria quanto em sua parte computacional. Pela sua alta complexidade muitos métodos heurísticos têm sido desenvolvidos para tentar resolvê-lo aproximadamente. A metaheurística GRASP (greedy randomized adaptive search procedures se mostrou bastante eficiente. Neste trabalho, uma proposta para descartar soluções iniciais supostamente ruins é apresentada com base na normalização de custos calculadas num intervalo entre limites de solução. Para este GRASP restrito, foi observada uma redução do tempo computacional para encontrar as soluções ótimas ou soluções viáveis de boa qualidade quando comparado ao GRASP original.

Paisajes para un desarrollo sustentable y participativo

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Rafael Mata Olmo

2014-11-01

Para terminar, el texto recoge una experiencia de proyecto territorial de paisaje, la del Plan Insular de Menorca (Islas Baleares, España, aprobado en 2003. Se sintetizan sus determinaciones sobre la protección de determinados terrenos por sus altos valores paisajísticos, sus directrices para que las políticas sectoriales (turismo, agricultura, infraestructuras, etc. incorporen criterios paisajísticos, y sus iniciativas para la gestión y mejora del paisaje y para el fomento del acceso público a su contemplación y disfrute.

Sistema de realidad aumentada para aplicaciones Android

OpenAIRE

Fernández Sánchez, Natalia Mercedes

2012-01-01

El objetivo principal de este proyecto es la creación de un sistema de realidad aumentada para el sistema operativo Android con idea de que sea utilizado para la creación de un videojuego, pero que a su vez sea lo suficientemente versátil como para poder utilizarse en otro tipo de aplicaciones. De este objetivo principal podemos obtener los objetivos secundarios: - Conocer las características que ofrecen los teléfonos móviles y como éstas pueden ser aprovechadas para la crea...

Marco de referencia para el desarrollo de un sistema de apoyo para la toma de decisiones para la gestión de inventarios

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Carlos Alberto Castro Zuluaga

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El principal objetivo de este artículo es presentar un marco de referencia para desarrollar un sistema de soporte a la toma de decisiones para la gestión de inventarios que permita definir técnicamente los parámetros de una política de control de inventario específica. El modelo propuesto puede ser utilizado de forma genérica en casi cualquier tipo de industria, el cual incluye las entradas fundamentales, una descripción de los procesos internos requeridos y las salidas esperadas. En la investigación se utilizaron métodos inductivos-deductivos para definir el marco de referencia propuesto, el cual se fundamenta en dos indicadores clave en la gestión de inventario: niveles de servicio y costos. Finalmente, mediante una simulación es posible concluir que utilizando los parámetros teóricos para el modelo de inventario punto de reorden-cantidad fija, que son encontrados por el marco de referencia propuesto, se obtienen aproximadamente los valores esperados tanto de los niveles de servicio como de los costos.

Meios e fins do desenvolvimento para Celso Furtado

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Fabio Antonio de Campos

2014-10-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desse artigo é expor o conceito de desenvolvimento para Celso Furtado. Para tanto, nos interessa apresentar o desenvolvimento nacional como um fim em sua abordagem sobre a formação social brasileira Para atingir tal estágio, os meios para o autor seriam assegurados por um típico desenvolvimento capitalista. Dentro dessa problemática, mostraremos também o alcance e os limites dessa concepção para o caráter dependente e subdesenvolvido do capitalismo brasileiro.

Metodología para un proceso de planeación estratégica para las PYMES

OpenAIRE

Bonilla Zhindón, Daniela

2014-01-01

Todas las organizaciones, grandes, medianas, pequeñas, públicas y privadas, requieren de un plan estratégico estructurado para determinar las posiciones futuras en las que desean estar, por este motivo el propósito del presente estudio es construir una metodología transversal para el levantamiento de la planeación estratégica para el sector de calzado en la ciudad de Cuenca, mediante un análisis del estado en la que se encuentran las empresas en cuanto al proceso de planificación estratégica,...

Coccocypselum pulchellum (Rubiaceae, nuevo registro para Argentina

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Elsa L. Cabral

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Se cita Coccocypselum pulchellum por primera vez para Argentina, en Predio Guaraní, Misiones. Esta es la tercera especie de Coccocypselum registrada para la flora de Argentina junto con C. hasslerianum y C. lanceolatum. Se incluyen descripciones, ilustraciones y una clave para reconocer las tres especies argentinas de Coccocypselum.

Modelo para determinar as exigências de proteína para poedeiras Modelling protein utilization in laying hens

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Nilva Kazue Sakomura

2002-11-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do trabalho foi elaborar um modelo para estimar as exigências de proteína bruta (PB para poedeiras leves, usando o método fatorial. Para determinar as exigências de proteína bruta (PB para manutenção foi utilizada a técnica do balanço de nitrogênio. A exigência de proteína bruta para o ganho de peso foi determinada em função do conteúdo de nitrogênio na carcaça e a eficiência de utilização do nitrogênio da dieta. A exigência de PB, para produção de ovos, foi determinada considerando o teor de PB determinado nos ovos e a eficiência de deposição do nitrogênio no ovo. A partir dos valores das exigências para manutenção, para o ganho e produção foi elaborada uma equação para predizer as exigências diárias de PB (g/ ave/ dia para poedeiras: PB = 1,94. P0,75 + 0,48.G + 0,301.O, em que P = peso corporal (kg, G = ganho de peso diário (g/dia e O = massa de ovos produzida (g/ave/dia.The objective of this study was to determine a model for crude protein requirements (CP for laying hen by the factorial method. The protein maintenance requirement was determine by the nitrogen balance technique . The crude protein requirement for weight gain was determined based on body nitrogen content and nitrogen efficiency for body deposition. The crude protein requirement for egg production was determined based on the nitrogen content of eggs and nitrogen efficiency for egg deposition. Considering the requirements for maintenance, egg production and weight gain, it was elaborated a protein requirement model for laying hen: PB = 1.94xW.75 + 0.480xG + 0,301x E, where PB = requirement (g/bird/day, W = body weight (kg, G = daily weight gain (g/day and E = egg mass (g/bird/day.

LA MARAVILLA DE LAS MARAVILLAS: QUE EL ENTE ES

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Franco Volpi

2013-11-01

Full Text Available This article compares the discussion on the overcoming of metaphysics in Heidegger, Carnap, and Wittgenstein. The goal is to determine if we really live in a post-metaphysical world, and to show that metaphysics cannot ignore practical philosophy.

Tuberculose em Salvador: custos para o sistema de saúde e para as famílias

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Costa João G

2005-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: A tuberculose é uma das maiores causas de mortalidade no mundo, porém seus efeitos econômicos são pouco conhecidos. O objetivo do estudo foi o de estimar os custos do tratamento e prevenção da tuberculose para o sistema de saúde (público e privado e para as famílias. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado no município de Salvador, BA, em 1999. Os dados para estimação dos custos para o sistema de saúde foram coletados nas secretarias de saúde, centros de saúde e em uma entidade filantrópica. Os custos públicos e privados foram estimados pela metodologia da contabilidade de custos. Os dados de custos para as famílias foram coletados por meio de questionários e incluem despesas com transporte, alimentação e outros, bem como as perdas de renda associadas à doença. RESULTADOS: O custo médio para tratamento de um caso novo de tuberculose foi de aproximadamente R$186,00 (US$103; para o tratamento de um paciente multiresistente o custo foi 27 vezes mais alto. Os custos para o serviço público corresponderam a 65% em internações, 32% em tratamento e apenas 3% em prevenção. As famílias comprometeram cerca de 33% da sua renda com despesas relacionadas a tuberculose. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar do fato das famílias não terem que pagar por medicamentos e tratamento, dado que este serviço é oferecido pelo Estado, os custos familiares ligados a perda de rendimentos devido a doença foram muito elevados. A proporção utilizada em prevenção pelo serviço público é pequena. Um maior investimento em campanhas de prevenção poderia não somente diminuir o número de casos, mas também, levar a um diagnósticos precoce, diminuindo os custos associados à hospitalização. A falta de um sistema integrado de custos não permite a visualização dos custos nos diversos setores.

UNA PROPUESTA EVALUATIVA PARA ACTIVIDADES DE EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL PARA LA SOSTENIBILIDAD

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Rosa M. Medir Huerta

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es presentar una propuesta evaluativa para ac - tividades de educación ambiental para la sostenibilidad en el ámbito escolar ofrecidas desde entidades externas a la escuela. Para ello, se realiza una eva - luación real de un programa educativo de una administración pública que se orienta al refuerzo del currículo de educación infantil, primaria y secundaria. El objetivo de la evaluación es diagnosticar la presencia, en las actividades estudiadas, de principios clave de la educación ambiental para la sosteni - bilidad identificados por el equipo de investigación a partir de referencias internacionales. La metodología es la investigación evaluativa de programas dentro del paradigma crítico de la investigación educativa y con herramientas de tipo cuantitativo. Se utiliza, básicamente, un cuestionario expresamente diseñado que valora la presencia y la ausencia de los principios establecidos de la educación ambiental para la sostenibilidad. Los resultados nos aportan nuevas informaciones acerca de las fortalezas y las debilidades del desarrollo de actividades de educación ambiental. Se llega a una valoración cuantificada de los principios definidos en tres grupos, según su necesidad de mejora, y se determina que los principios mejor tratados en las actividades son los que se relacionan con los contenidos disciplinares más clásicos, tratados con buenos y distintos métodos didácticos. En cambio, las debilidades detectadas se refieren a aspectos cruciales de la educación ambiental tales como experimentar nuevas sensaciones, aprender a buscar información, pensamiento crítico, sentimiento de pertenencia a un lugar, trabajo en colaboración, adquirir una visión global de la realidad, y reflexionar sobre la vida cotidiana y sobre el futuro deseado.

Uma conversa com Paul Standish sobre os trail-effects da psicologia e a “cultura da auditoria” na educação

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Cristiane Maria Cornelia Gottschalk

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Resumo Em tempos tão sombrios para a pesquisa educacional em várias partes do mundo, em que educadores e pesquisadores estão submetidos a uma cultura de auditoria cada vez mais implacável, tivemos o privilégio de entrevistar um dos poucos filósofos que, de uma perspectiva filosófica, questionam esse tipo de gestão educacional: Paul Standish, professor e diretor do Centro de Filosofia da Educação do Instituto de Educação da Universidade de Londres (University College London Institution of Education. Uma de suas principais críticas incide sobre o transporte abusivo de procedimentos contábeis, característicos do campo da administração, para a proposição de políticas educacionais que visariam a uma equivalente “transparência contábil”. Recorre a filósofos como Wittgenstein e Austin, entre outros, para desconstruir o mito da transparência da prestação de contas no campo da educação quando são adotadas medidas avaliativas e de gestão pretensamente objetivas e eficientes, mas que, na verdade, têm tido como resultado a imposição de modelos empíricos de comportamento e de pensamento extremamente reducionistas e dogmáticos. Segundo ele, boa parte desses modelos é oriunda da psicologia, a qual, mesmo tendo alterado substancialmente seus aparatos teóricos como também suas práticas ao longo das últimas décadas, trouxe crenças iniciais que deixaram o que Paul Standish denomina detrail-effects* no imaginário do senso comum, os quais agem sub-repticiamente na base da cultura de auditoria que vem se instaurando no campo da educação. Ao longo da entrevista, Standish também aborda questões relativas ao lugar da filosofia analítica na educação, com suas diferentes vertentes; questiona o modo como o pós-estruturalismo tem sido apropriado pela pesquisa educacional; critica o uso da expressão ciência da educação, quando se desconsidera o fato de que as questões mais fundamentais da educação não podem ser

TRABALHAR PARA ESTUDAR / ESTUDAR PARA TRABALHAR: REALIDADE E POSSIBILIDADES

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Janes Siqueira

2011-07-01

Full Text Available O trabalho que apresentamos é parte da pesquisa com os estudantes das licenciaturas e da pedagogia da Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul-UNISC-RS-Brasil. Este está inserido na linha de pesquisa: educação, trabalho e emancipação. Queremos compreender, à luz do materialismo histórico e dialético e das categorias da crítica da economia política, os significados atribuídos pelos estudantes universitários ao fenômeno trabalho e estudo. É uma pesquisa preferentemente qualitativa de natureza dialética. Para Marx, a essência da realidade humana reside no trabalho, mas a fonte de toda a riqueza está na natureza. Logo, trabalho, natureza e sociedade estão em relação dialética. Trabalho, portanto, é a ideia central articuladora, e natureza e sociedade devem ser estudadas em conexão com o trabalho. Marx trata o trabalho, no modo de produção capitalista, como impedimento ao desenvolvimento humano. Propõe o mesmo como um ato de criação e auto-expressão humana que não deve ter um valor. A compreensão dessa premissa é necessária para que os trabalhadores possam significar e ressignificar o trabalho para além da ideologia dominante. Algumas categorias aparecem como relevantes para a análise: condições de trabalho e de estudo, necessidade de formação, predominância do trabalho sobre o estudo, dificuldade de conciliar tempo de estudo e de trabalho. Na relação com o objeto de estudo, ressaltaremos a crise estrutural do capital, a desregulamentação das leis do trabalho e sua flexibilização e as contradições entre trabalho e estudo bem como quais possibilidades emancipatórias são visualizadas ou sonhadas pelos trabalhadores-estudantes. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: contradições entre trabalho e educação, condições e significados, realidade e possibilidades.

Educación para la sostenibilidad

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Educadores por la sostenibilidad

2006-04-01

Full Text Available La importancia dada por los expertos en sostenibilidad al papel de la educación queda reflejada en el lanzamiento mismo de la Década de la Educación para el Desarrollo Sostenible o, mejor, para un futuro sostenible (2005-2014 a cuyo impulso y desarrollo esta destinado este artículo, así como la página web que la Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos ha habilitado dentro de su portal digital, para la celebración de la Década.

Obtención de ferromanganeso alto carbono y escoria para el desarrollo de materiales para soldar

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Lorenzo Perdomo-González

2000-03-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis de la posibilidad de empleo de pirolusita en el desarrollo de aleaciones al manganeso y escorias con un sistema de óxidos MnO-SiO2-CaO con características propias para el desarrollo de fundentes para la soldadura automática para arco sumergido (SAAS. A partir de la composición química del mineral de manganeso se realizan los cálculos del proceso de reducción con el empleo de la tecnología sin fundente en presencia de coque como reductor, obteniéndose las adecuadas composiciones y las propiedades de los productos del proceso. Se realiza una corrida experimental de obtención de ferromanganeso con adiciones de dolomita, caolín y fluorita como correctores de la escoria. Se conforma una matriz de fundente para arco sumergido con la escoria y se le evalúan las propiedades tecnológicas de soldadura.

Avaliação das competências de professores de enfermagem para desenvolver programas educativos para adultos

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Patricia Bover Draganov

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Avaliar o desempenho que o enfermeiro docente de enfermagem atribui a si, nas competências para desenvolver programas educativos para adultos, foi objetivo desse estudo descritivo, comparativo, transversal e quantitativo, desenvolvido com 226 docentes enfermeiros de cursos de graduação em enfermagem paulistanos. Os dados foram colhidos por escala de Likert, lançados em planilha Excel® e analisados por estatística descritiva e testes não paramétricos de Wilcoxon e Friedman. A população tinha predominantemente entre 46-55 anos (87/38,49%, eram mulheres (198/87, 61% e mestres (180/79, 65%. Os professores consideraram-se distantes das competências que almejavam alcançar. A menor habilidade esteve em construir desenhos de programas para atender às situações de aprendizagem e a maior, em avaliar programas de ensino. O maior desejo esteve em desenhar programas com formatos criativos e o menor desejo para usar conselhos, comitês e força-tarefa. Concluiuse que desenhar programas educativos para adultos ainda é algo pouco explorado e pouco experenciado por esses docentes.

Philosophy of mathematics an introduction to a world of proofs and pictures

CERN Document Server

Brown, James Robert

1999-01-01

This text discusses the great philosophers and the importance of mathematics to their thought. It includes topics such as: the mathematical image; platonism; picture-proofs; applied mathematics; Hilbert and Godel; knots and nations; definitions; picture-proofs and Wittgenstein; and computation, proof and conjecture.

Emotions and Understanding in Music. A Transcendental and Empirical Approach

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kolman, Vojtěch

2014-01-01

Roč. 44, č. 1 (2014), s. 83-100 ISSN 0046-8541 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA13-20785S Institutional support: RVO:67985955 Keywords : emotions * philosophy of music * idealism * Hegel * Wittgenstein * expectations * Brandom Subject RIV: AA - Philosophy ; Religion

Caminhos para a gestão integrada do território no Vale do Paraíba de 1950 a 2004

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José Luiz Ronca Caruso

2004-01-01

Full Text Available The Paraíba Valley region and its political-administrative frame. The region and its two phases of Planning: the economic development and the sustainable one. The Paraíba Valley Road System as a policy of the economic planning. The Paraíba Valley Region and its physical conformation: the Paraíba do Sul river basin. The water resources management in the Paraíba do Sul river basin. Two levels of management: the federal and the one of the State. The water resources Planning and its possibilities for a sustainable development of the region, through a comprehensive management

Universidades accesibles para todos

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Roxana Stupp Kupiec

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo pretende hacer conciencia sobrelos factores que inciden en la construcción colectiva deuniversidades dispuestas a innovar y transformar suideología, sus políticas, el currículum, los servicios estu-diantiles, la infraestructura física y administrativa y lasestrategias de comunicación e información, bajo el para-digma de la accesibilidad en el entorno. Se hace referen-cia al marco legal internacional y nacional que orientalas acciones que deben planificarse e implementarse enlas instituciones de Educación Superior.En la construcción de universidades accesibles para to-dos se requiere de un cambio en la concepción curricu-lar. Se analizan conceptos como la flexibilidad en la for-mación y el acceso a los planes de estudio para respondera las necesidades educativas de todos los estudiantes. Para promover estas transformaciones se proponen prin-cipios y prácticas tales como la interdisciplinareidad y lainclusión del tema de la discapacidad en todas las carre-ras. Además, se presentan ejemplos de aplicación en dife-rentes áreas del perfil profesional, en la formación deldocente universitario y en actividades de proyección so-cial, vida estudiantil e investigación. En el ámbito estu-diantil, se describen algunos servicios y procesos que sehan desarrollado en la Universidad de Costa Rica

Propuesta para el cálculo del Índice Dm para la validez de los ítemes

OpenAIRE

Dominguez Lara, Sergio

2013-01-01

Se presenta un programa en formato MS Excel para calcular el índice Dm para la validez de los ítemes. La validez es un proceso de acumulación de pruebas para apoyar la interpretación y el uso de las puntuaciones de los tests psicológicos, siendo las relaciones de los puntajes con otras variables externas una importante fuente de validación. Una variante es la llamada validez relacionada al criterio, en la cual se espera una correlación significativa con aquellos criterios externos que son teó...

"Etica ed Estetica sono tutt’uno" Riflessioni su TLP 6.421

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Gabriele Tomasi

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Per il primo Wittgenstein etica ed estetica erano tutt’uno. Scopo del saggio è fornire un’interpretazione di questa concezione. Esaminando il modo in cui è proposta nel Tractatus e considerando alcune annotazioni dei Quaderni 1914-1916 si evidenzia che l’unità di etica ed estetica è in un modo di vedere il mondo per cui esso non appare come fonte di limitazione. L’etica è un’estensione al mondo - alla vita - della capacità di conferire significato che nell’arte si realizza nei riguardi di oggetti particolari. Affermando l’unità di etica ed estetica Wittgenstein attira l’attenzione sul fatto che la radice dell’etica è in un certo modo di vedere le cose, in un atteggiamento verso la vita. Si tratta della prospettiva di un valore non connesso a come il mondo è e che è evocato dalla meraviglia per l’esistenza del mondo.

Educación para el Ocio: Ha llegado la hora de un nuevo objetivo para una vieja idea.

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Susan Hutchinson

2012-01-01

Full Text Available La Educación para el Ocio nos sitúa ante una vieja idea, que está siendo examinada con renovado vigor en Canadá. Profesionales e investigadores de diversas disciplinas (por ejemplo, en el ámbito de Salud, la Justicia, la Educación o la Recreación reconocen, cada vez más, que son muchas las personas que pueden beneficiarse del ocio y de las oportunidades de recreación en sus comunidades, aún cuando son bastantes las no pueden hacerlo porque carecen de alfabetización en ocio. Esto es, de los conocimientos, habilidades y confianza que se necesitan para darle un significado personal, que incida positivamente en su bienestar y calidad de vida. La Educación para el Ocio es un medio clave para mejorar la alfabetización en ocio. El texto presenta un modelo de educación para el ocio desarrollado por la Dra. Brenda Robertson, argumentando cómo y por qué la Educación para el Ocio es necesaria para abordar la salud mental y el bienestar de las personas que sufren marginación en sus comunidades. Complementariamente se presentan algunas recomendaciones para avanzar esta Educación, como un componente fundamental de la agenda nacional para la recreación en Canadá.--------------------------------------------------------------------Leisure education is an old idea that is being examined with renewed vigour in Canada. Practitioners and researchers from various disciplines (e.g., health, justice, education, recreation are recognising anew that many people who could benefit from leisure or recreation opportunities in their communities are unable to do so because they lack leisure literacy. Leisure literacy refers to the knowledge, skills and confidence to engage in personally meaningful, health-enhancing leisure. Leisure education is a key means to enhance leisure literacy. The paper presents a model of leisure education developed by Dr. Brenda Robertson and argues for how and why leisure education is needed to address the mental health and well

O efeito trabalhador adicional para filhos no Brasil

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Elzira Lúcia de Oliveira

2014-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é testar a hipótese da existência do efeito trabalhador adicional para filhos no Brasil, procurando identificar se a situação de desemprego do chefe de família fará com que algum membro da família, cuja condição seja filho, transite para a População Economicamente Ativa - PEA. A base de dados utilizada foi a Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego - PME realizada pelo IBGE, que permite a construção de painéis para análise longitudinal de dados. A hipótese foi testada para pelo menos um filho com idade de 10 a 18 anos, entre 2002 e 2013, para as regiões metropolitanas de Belo Horizonte, Salvador, Porto Alegre, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Recife, que compõem a área de abrangência da PME. Este trabalho admite a existência de diferencial por sexo do chefe para o efeito trabalhador adicional de filhos de 10 a 18 anos. Os resultados mostraram haver um efeito positivo maior para chefes homens do que para chefes mulheres, sendo que a variável de transição do filho para a atividade não apresentou significância estatística que permitisse assumir a existência do efeito. Corroborou-se a hipótese da existência de diferencial por sexo, contudo no sentido oposto ao da hipótese assumida.

Biocomercio: una alternativa para el desarrollo sostenible

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Carlos Murillo R.

2008-01-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo sostenible en países ricos en biodiversidad dependerá de la capacidad de los gobiernos de implementar los arreglos institucionales necesarios para conciliar la preservación de los recursos naturales con el uso de los mismos para la producción de bienes y servicios que puedan potenciar el crecimiento económico y un mayor bienestar para las comunidades locales donde estos recursos se encuentren. Este es el objetivo de la Iniciativa de Biocomercio que ha venido impulsando la Conferencia de Naciones Unidas para el Comercio y el Desarrollo (UNCTAD en distintos países de Latinoamérica. En el tanto estos principios y los establecidos en el CDB se puedan viabilizar e inspiren los distintos Programas Nacionales de Biocomercio en los países de la región, parecería no haber dudas de que la Iniciativa abre nuevas puertas para el uso, aprovechamiento y desarrollo sostenible de los mismos.

ANÁLISE, MODELAGEM E IMPRESSÃO 3D DE UM FRAME PARA VANTs DO TIPO QUADRÍCOPTEROS PARA VOOS EM AMBIENTE INDOOR

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Rafael Rocha Gomes

2017-01-01

Full Text Available O foco do projeto de pesquisa foi analisar, modelar e construir utilizando uma impressora 3D, um frame de um Veículo Aéreo Não Tripulado (VANT para voos em ambiente indoor. Esta aeronave será usada para experimentos laboratoriais, que exijam características especiais para ambientes indoor e de pesquisa, tais como, ser compacto, leve e uma estrutura que minimize os riscos aos operadores, pois dividirá espaço com pessoas. A motivação desta pesquisa se deu pelo fato dos frames disponíveis no mercado serem voltados para voos outdoor, como por exemplo, os utilizados para monitoramento. Com o intuito de proporcionar uma solução de aeronave para espaço laboratorial indoor, a proposta deste trabalho foi de modelar e imprimir em 3D um protótipo de frame que atenda todos os requisitos necessários para este tipo de voo.

Para una Mejor Comprensión del Desarrollo: Análisis conceptual, lógica para su abordaje e instrumentos para su medición

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Héctor Cárcamo

2006-01-01

cross nacional para la realización de estudios vinculados al desarrollo. Se plantea una revisión de conceptos fundamentales como el de desarrollo y la necesidad de la equivalencia funcional. El documento continúa con una reflexión guiada desde la noción de desarrollo social; asumiendo críticamente que el desarrollo se ha plasmado como un intento por lograr una radiografía del todo que ha olvidado la integración de sus partes constituyentes, negando de esta manera la diversidad como condición esencial para dar sentido a la idea de una visión integradora. Finalmente se realiza una revisión de CASEN como instrumento para medir el desarrollo social en Chile.

GOOGLE DRIVE: POTENCIALIDADES PARA O DESIGN DE MATERIAL EDUCACIONAL DIGITAL (MED PARA ENSINO DE LÍNGUAS

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Rosinda de Castro Guerra RAMOS

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma experiência sobre como o Google Drive pode ser usado para o desenho de MED (Material Educacional Digital para o ensino-aprendizagem de línguas, devido ao crescente uso das TDICs (Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação na área de educação e aos desafios que o design de materiais educacionais para o ambiente digital nos lançam.  Para apresentar nossa experiência, faremos uma discussão teórica sobre os conceitos de desenvolvimento de material didático (TOMLINSON, 2003; RAMOS, 2009, de material educacional digital –MED – (BEHAR, 2009, multimodalidade (ROJO e BARBOSA, 2015, a lacuna existente em relação ao  letramento digital na formação de professores (LEFFA, 2013, os níveis/tipos  de interação em ambiente digital (HIRUMI, 2013 e sua relação na coconstrução de novos conhecimentos (VIGOTSKY, 1989, 1998; OLIVEIRA, 1997; BRASIL, 1998. Em seguida, descreveremos o Google Drive e as funcionalidades dos aplicativos de produtividade Google Documentos, Planilhas, Apresentações e Formulários. Finalizaremos com considerações sobre essa experiência e suas contribuições para a área de formação de professores de línguas.

Factores de riesgo para el neonato pequeño para la edad gestacional en un hospital de Lima, Perú

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J. Eduardo Tejeda-Mariaca

Full Text Available Objetivos. Identificar factores de riesgo para neonatos a término pequeños para la edad gestacional. Materiales y métodos. Cohorte retrospectiva que utilizó datos del Sistema Informático Materno Perinatal del Hospital María Auxiliadora de Lima, del período 2000 a 2010. Se evaluó la edad materna, paridad, nivel educativo, estado civil, índice de masa corporal pregestacional, número de controles prenatales, presencia de patologías como preeclampsia, eclampsia, infección urinaria y diabetes gestacional como factores de riesgo en pequeños para edad gestacional. El peso para la edad gestacional fue calculado sobre la base de percentiles peruanos. Se calcularon los riesgos relativos crudos (RR y ajustados (RRa con sus intervalos de confianza al 95% usando modelos lineales generalizados log binomial. Resultados. Se incluyeron 64 670 gestantes. La incidencia de pequeños para la edad gestacional fue 7,2%. La preeclampsia (RRa 2,0; IC 95%: 1,86-2,15, eclampsia (RRa 3,22; IC 95%: 2,38-4,35, bajo peso materno (RRa 1,38; IC 95%: 1,23-1,54, nuliparidad (RRa 1,32; IC 95%: 1,23-1,42, edad ≥35 años (RRa 1,16; IC 95%: 1,04-1,29, tener controles prenatales de 0 a 2 (RRa 1,43; IC 95%: 1,32-1,55 y 3 a 5 (RRa 1,22; IC 95%: 1,14-1,32 fueron factores de riesgo para ser pequeños para la edad gestacional. Conclusiones. Es necesario identificar a las gestantes con factores de riesgo como los encontrados para disminuir la condición de pequeños para la edad gestacional. Se debe actuar poniendo énfasis en factores modificables, tales como la frecuencia de sus controles prenatales

Ciclo Hápticos: Para Quinteto de Sopros

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Jorge Luiz de Lima Santos

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Memorial e partitura de Ciclo Hápticos, escrita em 2014 para quinteto de sopros. O memorial descreve brevemente as ferramentas metodológicas empregadas para o planejamento e criação da obra. De um lado, para produção do material melódico-harmônico foi empregado o Sistema-Gr de composição musical, desenvolvido por Carlos Almada (2014. Do outro lado, para organização formal, utilizamos o software Partitions - que faz parte do conjunto de programas do Parsemat, elaborado por Pauxy Gentil-Nunes (2009 – o qual informa o conjunto total de possibilidades de partições de um dado número.

Palladium-mediated conversion of para-aminoarylboronic esters into para-aminoaryl- 11C-methanes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Valdemar Lykke; Herth, Matthias Manfred; Lehel, Szabolcs

2013-01-01

of free amines. Aryl boronic esters containing primary, secondary, and tertiary amines were successfully converted into corresponding labeled methyl derivatives in suf¿cient radiochemical yield to apply this method for tracer development. This procedure was applied to the labeling of CIMBI-712......Cross-couplings are an alternative to conventional 11C-methylations which are generally employed in PET tracer synthesis. Therefore, we set out to develop a general procedure for the synthesis of para-11CH3 labeled aromatic amines from the corresponding para-aminoarylboronic esters in the presence...

Sistema de autenticidad para aplicaciones de análisis de eventos para seguridad.

OpenAIRE

ESCAMILLA PARDO, TONI

2017-01-01

[ES] En este proyecto se afronta la creación de un sistema distribuido capaz de garantizar, en aplicaciones empleadas para el análisis de eventos de seguridad, la autenticidad de los datos transmitidos entre el host cliente y servidor con el fin de asegurar la integridad de los mismos en la transmisión entre ambas partes, así como evitar la posible alteración en el destino. Para ello, se utilizará la tecnología blockchain a modo de base de datos en la que se almacenen los hashe...

Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus and Religion

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Stig Børsen

2011-01-01

This paper explores the relevance of Wittgenstein’s early work for treatments of religion. The first section briefly outlines some different interpretive possibilities with respect to early Wittgenstein’s thinking. The following section explores the idea that what is important about early...... play a role in treatments of religion. This they do either by exhibiting parallels between themes in theology and themes in logic, or they do so by playing a role in assessing cosmological arguments in the philosophy of religion....

Para uma abordagem virtuosa do Jornalismo

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Rogério Christofoletti

2012-06-01

Full Text Available As últimas décadas têm favorecido o crescimento do interesse e dos estudos sobre a ética jornalística. No Brasil e em outras praças, as abordagens deste tema têm sido na maioria das vezes por um caráter deontológico ou utilitarista. Neste artigo, chamamos a atenção para uma perspectiva que privilegie as virtudes como pontos de partida para os debates acerca das condutas dos profissionais. Uma ética das virtudes remete a Aristóteles e aos estoicos, mas vem sendo retomada por autores mais contemporâneos, como Macintyre e Comte-Sponville, entre outros. No jornalismo, esta abordagem não é definitiva ou totalizante, mas contribui para uma compreensão mais ampla da discussão, chamando inclusive a atenção para recomendações éticas úteis, práticas e atuais.

Educación para la Salud: espacio curricular optativo para los estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina

OpenAIRE

Susacasa, Sandra; Candreva, Anna; Cerasa, Silvana; Azanza, Marisa

2016-01-01

La educación para la salud adquiere relevancia en los programas institucionales internacionales. Estos se orientan a promover un mayor nivel de salud en la población. Sin embargo, las problemáticas vinculadas al campo de la educación para la salud, de acuerdo con los informes epidemiológicos, no están mejorando. Aún más, la situación se vuelve más crítica. En nuestro país las demandas sociales expresan la urgente necesidad de instalar la Educación para la Salud en espacios educativos y de sal...

Discussing a Philosophical Background for the Ethnomathematical Program

Science.gov (United States)

Vilela, Denise Silva

2010-01-01

This article examines the extent to which Wittgenstein's analytical framework may be relevant to philosophical reflection on ethnomathematics. The discussion develops Bill Barton's suggestion that a philosophical basis for the ethnomathematical program should include and explain culturally different mathematics systems, and the coexistence of…

Learning "Rules" of Practice within the Context of the Practicum Triad: A Case Study of Learning to Teach

Science.gov (United States)

Chalies, Sebastien; Escalie, Guillaume; Stefano, Bertone; Clarke, Anthony

2012-01-01

This case study sought to determine the professional development circumstances in which a preservice teacher learned rules of practice (Wittgenstein, 1996) on practicum while interacting with a cooperating teacher and university supervisor. Borrowing from a theoretical conceptualization of teacher professional development based on the postulates…

The Word Game: The ontology of an undefinable object

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Aarseth, Espen J.; Calleja, Gordon

2015-01-01

In this paper we address the problem of defining games formally, following Wittgenstein's dictum that games cannot be defined adequately as a formal category. Several influential attempts at definitions will be evaluated and shown to be inadequate. As an alternative, we propose a descriptive mode...

The Political Tendency in Environmental and Sustainability Education

Science.gov (United States)

Håkansson, Michael; Östman, Leif; Van Poeck, Katrien

2018-01-01

This article presents a categorisation of the different situations in which the political dimension of environmental and sustainability education can be handled and experienced in practice: the "political tendency." Using a methodology inspired by Wittgenstein's user perspective on language, we empirically identified situations that…

Modelo para la implementación de controles internos para empresas constructoras.

OpenAIRE

Choez Chiquito, Wilton Antonio

2015-01-01

La presente investigación se refiere al tema Metodología para la implementación de nuevos métodos de Control para las empresas de construcción en el Ecuador. Donde las características principales de este sector ha sido su rápido crecimiento en las últimas dos décadas, con un alto número de trabajadores de obras con bajo o ningún nivel de educación, falta de compromiso por parte de los empleados de obra por el alto nivel de rotación que puede existir debido a que las construcciones son por per...

ELEMENTOS PARA LA CONSTRUCION DE UN PERFIL PARA EL GERENTE SOCIAL EN UN ENTORNO GLOBALIZADO

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Antonio Bastidas Unigarro

2009-07-01

Full Text Available El perfil del gerente social adecuado para enfrentar los retos del mundo globalizado se ha estructurado a partir de cuatro requerimientos fundamentales: los conocimientos, la experiencia, las habilidades y las actitudes, los cuales se analizan como competencias indispensables para administrar la problemática compleja, llena de incertidumbres y desafíos del nuevo milenio. La propuesta para la construcción de un perfil de este gerente parte de considerar tres tipos de competencias: las funcionales, las comportamentales y los requisitos de estudio y experiencia. Su construcción parte del análisis de la Gerencia Social en el estado neoliberal, escenario, que reclama la formación de gerentes sociales comprometidos en la construcción de una sociedad mas justa, incluyente, participativa, democrática y solidaria.

Nuevo lenguaje para un nuevo medio

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Inma Martín Herrera

2014-12-01

Full Text Available El concepto tradicional de comunicación unidereccional se ha roto para convertirse en comunicación pluridireccional que permitirá la retroalimentación informativa. Las nuevas formas de redactar, contar diseñar y presentar la información en Internet exige nuevos hábitos de lectura por parte de la audiencia. El lector deberá tomar conciencia de que está frente a un medio diferente con el que debe familiarizarse para hacer uso correcto del soporte digital, se informará adecuadamente para disfrutar de las ventajas del innovador medio, conocido como Periodismo de servicios o Nuevo Periodismo.

“Libros para niñas y libros para niños”: Presencia de estereotipos de género en una colección de libros para dibujar

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Yolanda Cabrera García-Ochoa

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Los aprendizajes que se producen a partir de las propuestas imaginarias y simbólicas en los materiales didácticos pueden contener elementos sexistas. El objetivo del estudio consiste en determinar, a través de un análisis de contenido, si la colección de libros para dibujar “Doodle para niñas” y “Doodle para niños” representa roles estereotipados de género en sus imágenes y en el texto escrito. Tanto a nivel de representación gráfica como escrita, ambos libros utilizan roles estereotipados sobre todo en detrimento de la mujer. Aunque el sistema educativo español señala hace años un modelo igualitario para eliminar la discriminación, los avances conseguidos desde un prisma constitucional y legal, van muy por delante de unos sistemas culturales y sociales que apenas han evolucionado.

Plan de mercadeo para una promotora de eventos corporativos

OpenAIRE

Burbano Zhindon, Andrea Cristina; Chavez Lopez, Maria Cecilia; Orlando Haro, Sofia Pierina; Miranda, Jorge Luis

2009-01-01

Este proyecto presenta una alternativa para todas aquellas empresas que realizan eventos frecuentemente, ofreciéndoles un servicio personalizado para la coordinación de cada uno de los detalles que conlleva la organización de un evento. El objetivo fundamental de este estudio es desarrollar un plan de mercadeo para el servicio antes mencionado, aplicando los principios del marketing para su correcta implementación.

Agricultura familiar para el desarrollo rural incluyente

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Laksmi Reddiar Krishnamurthy

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Las comunidades indígenas Mayas de la península de Yucatán han practicado la antigua tradición de agricultura familiar, en particular los huertos caseros, para garantizar su seguridad alimentaria. Con el objetivo de mejorar la práctica tradicional considerando paradigmas de la ciencia moderna, por una parte, se colectaron datos para definir la complejidad estructural y diversidad funcional a partir de 20 huertos familiares en cinco comunidades: X - Maben, X - Pichil, X - Yatil, San José II y Melchor Ocampo; y por otra, se organizaron grupos de discusión para dilucidar la estrategia de gestión practicada por las comunidades nativas. Los resultados mostraron que los huertos son manejados principalmente por las mujeres. También mostraron que el propósito principal del crecimiento y mantenimiento de los huertos familiares es garantizar la producción de alimentos nutritivos durante todo el año. Y, por último que los huertos caseros también sirven para propósitos secundarios tales como la provisión de productos y servicios para la medicina tradicional. El estudio sugiere que se debe de promover e invertir en huertos caseros para mejorar las estrategias de desarrollo incluyente en ambientes socio-culturales y biofísicos similares.

Patrones de diseño para mejorar la accesibilidad y uso de aplicaciones sociales para adultos mayores

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Huizilopoztli Luna García

2015-07-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo fue proponer una colección no exhaustiva de 36 patrones para el diseño de interacciones en aplicaciones sociales para adultos mayores. La propuesta representa un punto de partida confiable para facilitar, a diseñadores/desarrolladores, la integración de usabilidad en las interfaces de estas tecnologías con el fin de fomentar su aceptación, uso y adopción entre los adultos mayores. Esta propuesta se basa en esfuerzos previos comúnmente expresados como criterios y guías de diseño para definir los posibles problemas de usabilidad en este tipo de interfaces, y se concentra en reforzar estos enfoques mediante la integración de una mayor descripción de tales anomalías y alternativas de solución bajo una estructura de patrones útil para los diseñadores/desarrolladores. Se realizó un estudio de usabilidad con la técnica «evaluación heurística» (comúnmente utilizada en interacción hombre-máquina para obtener la percepción de los usuarios sobre un diseño particular. El trabajo se llevó a cabo desde dos perspectivas: el punto de vista de expertos técnicos y la percepción de un grupo social de adultos mayores. Los resultados reflejaron que los patrones propuestos propician la creación de interfaces bien diseñadas capaces de ofrecer una mejor experiencia de uso y promueven un impacto positivo en la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores.

Alimentos balanceados para perros en Costa Rica

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Ruth Vargas

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Diagnóstico de la comercialización de alimentos balanceados para perros en Costa Rica. Para ampliar los reportes oficiales de la comercialización de alimentos para perros se creó una base de datos que incluyó cantidad, costo, empaque y formulación durante el período 1998 a agosto del 2000. De 1995 a 1998 y de 1996 a 1999 la producción nacional incrementó un 90,4% y la importación un 42,56% respectivamente, ocupando los alimentos nacionales un 72% del tonelaje y un 70% del valor en dólares americanos. No fue posible determinar cuál es el empaque más comercializado, pero si que los alimentos extrusados son los que ocupan el primer lugar y que los alimentos recomendados para cachorros y adultos son los que más se comercializan. La ausencia de datos en las declaraciones sugiere la necesidad de incrementar el control en las mismas en caso de requerirse un estudio de mercado, ya que contrariamente a esta situación el mayor número de garantías inscritas corresponden separadamente para las fases de cachorros y adultos. Merece también atención que las garantías indican mayores porcentajes de proteína cruda que los recomendados por la AAFCO y que al menos 36 fórmulas son recomendadas para estados sanitarios específicos (p.e. para perros con problemas de alergias, cálculos renales, pérdidas de pelo, etc. sin que oficialmente se encuentre registrada ninguna fórmula medicada

Actitud Positiva: la base para la competitividad

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Marco Anderson Espinoza

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Una estrategia empresarial enfocado en el mejoramiento continuo de la productividad para la competitividad, depende significativamente del manejo inteligente de tres variables visibles:Calidad, Entrega oportuna y Costo. No obstante, estas tres variables no suelen sersuficientes. La estrategia debe ser complementada con el manejo adecuado de variables intangibles como la Motivación y las Condiciones de Trabajo, con la aplicación de Tecnología Ambientalmente Amigable, en un marco de Actitud Positiva.A final de cuentas, la Actitud Positiva es fundamental para el recurso humano de cualquier organización, a fin de construir una plataforma sólida y estable que sirva de base para soportar un proceso sostenible de mejoramiento de la productividad, para aumentar la competitividad como estrategia empresarial exitosa.

Technological properties of kaolin from Para; Propriedades tecnologicas do caulin do Para

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hildebrando, E.; Martin-Cortes, G.R.; Esper, F.J.; Wiebeck, H.; Alves Junior, P.; Valenzuela-Diaz, F.R., E-mail: germac@usp.br [Universidade de Sao Paulo (PMT/EP/USP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Escola Politecnica. Departamento de Engenharia Metalurgica e de Materiais

2011-07-01

The NE of the State of Para, is notable for its large reserves of kaolin for paper. Kaolin is a mineral composed of hydrated aluminum silicates such as kaolinite and halloysite. The exploitation of these reserves to generate products with higher commercial value, especially in the industries of adsorbents and catalysts, is what motivates the continuous study of technological properties of the Amazon kaolin's. Thus, this paper presents a technological characterization of a sample of kaolin from Para State by X-ray diffraction, SEM - scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The results of preliminary tests indicate that the sample consists for the most part by kaolinite present in low concentrations of quartz and anatase. (author)

Understanding the Linguistic Turn and the Quest for Meaning ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Apart from Dilthey the linguistic turn penetrated also the thought of thinkers such as Freud, Wittgenstein, Frankl, Heidegger, Habermas, Dooyeweerd and Gadamer, all of them (implicitly or explicitly) elaborated the initial criticism raised by Herder, Jacobi, Hamann, Heidegger and Gadamer against Kant's Critique of Pure ...

Stanley Cavell in Conversation with Paul Standish

Science.gov (United States)

Journal of Philosophy of Education, 2012

2012-01-01

Having acknowledged the recurrent theme of education in Stanley Cavell's work, the discussion addresses the topic of scepticism, especially as this emerges in the interpretation of Wittgenstein. Questions concerning rule-following, language and society are then turned towards political philosophy, specifically with regard to John Rawls. The…

The Impact of Preservice Teachers' Experiences in a Video-Enhanced Training Program on Their Teaching: A Case Study in Physical Education

Science.gov (United States)

Gaudin, Cyrille; Chaliès, Sébastien; Amathieu, Jérôme

2018-01-01

This case study documents the influence of preservice teachers' experiences in a Video-Enhanced Training Program (VETP) on their teaching. The conceptual framework of this VETP comes from a research program in cultural anthropology based on Wittgenstein's analytical philosophy. Influence was identified during self-confrontation interviews with…

Desarrollo de manuales para la inspección y revisión de instalaciones petrolíferas para uso propio, para suministro a vehículos y transporte de mercancías peligrosas por carretera

OpenAIRE

Cardell Bilbao, Pablo Juan

2010-01-01

El objetivo de este proyecto es la realización de un manual que aúne y clarifique toda la documentación, la normativa y los procedimientos necesarios para cumplir las auditorías (revisiones e inspecciones) en las instalaciones existentes, los trámites para la apertura de nuevas instalaciones para suministro a vehículos (especialmente las Estaciones de Servicio (EESS), y para Usos Propios (UUPP) en Canarias, y el transporte de mercancías peligrosas por carretera (ADR), mostrando el procedimien...

Oxitocina: nuevas perspectivas para una droga antigua

OpenAIRE

Steven L. CLARK; Kathleen Rice SIMPSON; G. Eric KNOX; Thomas J. GARITE

2010-01-01

La oxitocina es el medicamento más comúnmente asociada con la prevención de complicaciones perinatales y recientemente fue incluida por el Instituto para la Administración Medicamentosa Segura (Institute for Safe Medication Practices - ISMP) en una pequeña lista de medicamentos “con alto grado de riesgos”, lo que puede “necesitar salvaguardas especiales para reducir el riesgo de error”. Las recomendaciones actuales para administrar este medicamento son vagas en relación a la indicación, tiemp...

INICIATIVAS PARA EL CAMBIO

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César Alfonso Defrancisco-Larrañaga

2013-07-01

Full Text Available El planeta no atraviesa por su mejor momento en materia de conservación y renovación de sus recursos naturales. Claramente en los últimos tiempos los recursos hídricos han venido haciéndose cada vez menores; el hombre ha notado con preocupación y vivido en carne propia este fenómeno, que de no ser tratado a tiempo, podría atentar contra la existencia misma. Esto lo ha alentado a buscar métodos que sirvan como solución para contrarrestar éste mal y crear conciencia entre sus iguales, para así poder garantizar su permanencia y la de su entorno durante muchas generaciones. En países desarrollados del continente europeo y en algunos lugares de América del norte, el uso de sistemas de reutilización y tratamiento de aguas grises y aprovechamiento de las aguas lluvias se ha convertido en una constante y nos están dando las pautas para poder seguir el ejemplo y así de esta manera poder aportar a la causa ambiental y a su vez crear un ahorro en nuestros gastos mensuales de consumo.

AUTONOMÍA PARA APRENDER Y AUTONOMÍA PARA VIVIR

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Miryam Narváez Rivero

2005-04-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: El sistema educativo tiene el reto actual de formar individuos autónomos. Esta autonomía no implica solo el que las personas tengan los recursos necesarios para aprender a aprender, sino que puedan convivir armónicamente en comunidad, escuchándose a sí mismos para tomar sus propias decisiones, sin estar determinados por deseos instintivos ni modelos coercitivos impuestos por la sociedad. Así, para desarrollar autonomía, le corresponde a la educación trabajar tres elementos: la voluntad, la libertad y la autoestima. De esta forma, una educación promotora de una verdadera autonomía deberá tener un carácter dialógico, haciendo hincapié en la integración solidaria de la persona con su comunidad. Nos referimos a una persona que no ha renunciado a sus metas ni aspiraciones, sino que sabe cómo guiarlas hacia un proyecto común de bienestar general. ABSTRACT: The educative system’s latest challenge is to educate independent individuals. This autonomy does not just imply that people have the necessary resources to learn to learn, but the ones they need to live together in harmony with others, listening to themselves to make their own decisions without being determined by instinctive desires nor coercive models imposed by the society. It is so, that to develop autonomy, the educational system must work with these three elements: will, freedom and self-esteem. Also, an educational system which promotes a true autonomy must have a dialogic character, insisting on the individual solidarity integration with the community; with this, we mean a person who has not resigned to his goals or aspirations, but that knows how to guide them towards a common project for the community well-being.

Subject in Tractatus according to David Pears

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M Hoseinzadeh Yazdi

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Subjectivism is viewed as one of the most fundamental underpinnings of modern philosophy. In modern philosophy, subject takes up a new position in human knowledge. The formation of the concept of subject is a decisive turn with which the modern philosophy starts. Considering the centrality of subjectivism in modern philosophy, this article attempts to explain subject in Tractatus according to David Pears. A review of Wittgenstein’s earlier teachings reveals that he considers a fundamental limitation for language. The subject serves as a point of view from which the language can be understood. The subject is the presupposition of understanding. Another way of putting this would be to say that any experience is understood from a point of view which is not represented in that experience. Regarding this, it seems that earlier Wittgenstein is somehow subjectivist. This specific form of subjectivism is different from Kantian subjectivism.

"Measuring up to measure" dysmorphophobia as a language game.

Science.gov (United States)

Faccio, Elena; Centomo, Chiara; Mininni, Giuseppe

2011-09-01

We look into the transformation of meanings in psychotherapy and suggest a clinical application for Wittgenstein's intuitions concerning the role of linguistic practices in generating significance. In post-modern theory, therapy does not necessarily change reality as much as it does our way of experiencing it by intervening in the linguistic-representational rules responsible for constructing the text which expresses the problem. Since "states of mind assume the truths and forms of the language devices that we use to represent them" (Foucault, 1963, p. 57), therapy may be intended as a narrative path toward a new naming of one's reified experiences. The clinical problem we consider here, the pervasive feeling of inadequacy due to one's excessive height (dysmorphophobia), is an excellent example of "language game" by which a "perspicuous representation" (the "therapy" proposed by Wittgenstein in the 1953) may bring out alternatives to linguistically-built "traps", putting the blocked semiotic mechanism back into motion.

Towards a Wittgensteinian Aesthetics. Wollheim and the Analysis of Aesthetic Practices

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Giovanni Matteucci

2013-05-01

Full Text Available In order to investigate the possibility to develop Wittgenstein's suggestions about aesthetics, this paper will focus on the organic perspective elaborated by Richard Wollheim in «Art and Its Objects». In this regard we will try to emphasize how the concept of art as a "form of live" - explicit in Wollheim - involves the analysis of the practices embodied in the experience of art starting from those of representation. The inception modes of such practices of representation need to be described in the use of specific anthropological abilities related to perception patterns that go beyond the mere statement of facts, in a fusion among aesthetic, cognitive and emotional levels. Deepening the relationships both between lived experience and expression, and expression and understanding, we will try to point out how Wollheim (and Wittgenstein places any rhetoric of the ineffable out of the game, even regarding the analysis of the aesthetic experience.

Reasons for Action: Wittgensteinian and Davidsonian perspectives in historical, meta-philosophical and philosophical context

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Hans-Johann Glock

2014-06-01

Full Text Available My paper reflects on the debate about reasons for action and action explanations between Wittgensteinian teleological approaches and causalist theories inspired by Davidson. After a brief discussion of similarities and differences in the philosophy of language, I sketch the prehistory and history of the controversy. I show that the conflict between Wittgenstein and Davidson revolves neither around revisionism nor around naturalism. Even in the philosophy of mind and action, Davidson is not as remote from Wittgenstein and his followers as is commonly assumed: there are numerous points of contact of both a biographical and a substantive kind. The real conflict concerns the difference between Davidson’s official subjectivist approach to reasons for action, according to which they are mental states of believing and desiring (or their onsets on the one hand, and an objectivist approach, according to which reasons for action are what is believed or desired, non-mental facts or states of affairs.

Significado de la calidad de vida del adulto mayor para sí mismo y para su familia

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Martha Vera

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Comprender el significado que la expresión lingüística ‘calidad de vida del adulto mayor’ tiene para el adulto mayor y para su familia. Diseño: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, interpretativo - comprensivo, fundamentado en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Lugar: Asentamiento Humano Laura Caller, en Los Olivos. Participantes: Adultos mayores y sus respectivos grupos familiares. Métodos: Las técnicas e instrumentos utilizados fueron la observación, entrevista a profundidad y grupos focales; guía de observación y dos cuestionarios con ocho preguntas norteadoras, previamente validados. Principales medidas de resultados: Significado de calidad de vida para el adulto mayor y para la familia. Resultados: Participaron dieciséis adultos mayores con sus respectivos grupos familiares, entre 2004 y 2006. Los discursos a través de la ‘objetivación’ y el ‘anclaje’ y los análisis general, ideográfico-axial y nomotético-selectivo permitieron la emergencia de cuatro representaciones sociales: a conocimiento sobre la vejez y ser un adulto mayor; b elementos principales y secundarios del significado de calidad de vida del adulto mayor; c valores y actitudes del adulto mayor y familia sobre la calidad de vida; y, d necesidades del adulto mayor como ser social y la calidad de vida. Conclusiones: Para el adulto mayor, calidad de vida significa tener paz y tranquilidad, ser cuidado y protegido por la familia con dignidad, amor y respeto, y tener satisfechas como ser social sus necesidades de libre expresión, decisión, comunicación e información. Para la familia, que el adulto mayor satisfaga sus necesidades de alimentación, vestido, higiene y vivienda.

ÉTICA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL – UMA RESPONSABILIDADE PARA COM AS GERAÇÕES FUTURAS

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Patrícia Melo Silva

2011-02-01

Full Text Available O trabalho apresenta uma discussão sobre como a ética pode contribuir para a ciência se desenvolver de maneira sustentável com o intuito de garantir a biodiversidade em uma sociedade que cresce de acordo com a moral utilitarista. Os principais aspectos analisados foram questões da ética como proposta oposta à moral utilitarista, além de aspectos relacionados à economia global, ao sistema capitalista e à interdisciplinaridade. O principal objetivo do trabalho é analisar como a ética pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento sustentável e para o respeito à biodiversidade. A metodologia utilizada foi a de análise bibliográfica.

Piccolo tänab suupilli leiutajat

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2005-01-01

Suupilliklubi Piccolo kontserdist 17. juunil Pärnu Lastepargis, mis on pühendatud Saksa pillimeistrile Christian Friedrich Ludwig Buschmannile. Pärnu neljandast rahvusvahelisest suupillifestivalist "Baltic-Nordic Harmonica"

Pompejanum Tartu Ülikooli Kunstimuuseumis : üks haruldane interjöörinäidis / Inge Kukk

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kukk, Inge

2003-01-01

Pompeji stiilis 19. saj. ruumikujunduse parim näide Eestis. Antiikaja seinamaali motiivide kasutamisest. Töid alustati 1868. aastal. Tartu maalermeister F. Redlin, juhendas antiikarheoloog Ludwig Schwabe

Nueva Sede para la Academia

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Mario Camacho Pinto

1994-06-01

Full Text Available

Una nueva sede adecuadamente dotada siempre estuvo en la mente de nuestros expresidentes Académicos César Augusto Pantoja, Hernando Groot, Pablo Gómez Martínez, Jorge Cavelier Gaviria y Efraim Otero-Ruiz, con quienes me tocó en suerte trabajar 12 años consecutivos, cerca de ellos a través de mi cargo de Coordinardor de la Comisión Permanente de Biblioteca y Publicaciones y de la Revista MEDICINA que se ha venido publicando sin interrupciones dentro de un compañerismo ejemplar; además de otras distinciones operativas que me inducen a expresar gratitud.

Ahora, además, como Secretario de la Coporación por elección unánime de la Asamblea hace dos años, he sido testigo ático de una intensa, inteligente e inagotable actividad que nuestro Presidente Académico Juan Jacobo Muñoz Delgado quien siempre con el visto bueno de la Junta Directiva, mediante un acelerado ritmo de trabajo se impuso la tarea de convertir en realidad inmediata tan anhelada y necesaria idea.

En efecto, la nueva sede fue inaugurada oficialmente el día 2 de septiembre de 1993.

Este Editorial es la constancia escrita de tal febril actividad que para proporcionar evidencia a los lectores de “MEDICINA” resumo en breves incisos que muestran el tránsito a un estado con superávit de excepción para esta clase de instituciones:

1. Terminación de la obra ya iniciada de la remodelación arquitectónica, tanto exterior de seguridad y aspecto como interior con suficientes y modernas instalaciones.

2. Cerramiento total con altas y elegantes rejas metálicas y doble portería por la calle 69 y la carrera 7a.

3. Aparcadero lujosamente adoquinado, amplio y seguro para 30 automóviles.

4. Decoración interior estéticamente consultada, bien lograda en cortinas y clásicas lámparas de cristal obsequiadas por conocidos académicos. Un par de originales urnas precolombianas en el hall de entrada.

5. Zona social doble, amplia

Hacia un nuevo diseño para el aprendizaje: escenarios educativos para la Web 2.0

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alejandro Canales Cruz

2014-10-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se retoma la caracterización de pedagogía en la virtualidad, la cual se fundamenta en la apropiación tecnológica en función de la educación y voluntad de los participantes. Se propone la convergencia del diseño tecnopedagógico, unido a la apropiación creativa y a los usos pedagógicos efectivos para maximizar el proceso educativo. Se plantea el empleo de la especificación IMS Learning Design (LD para la construcción de escenarios educativos como un proceso sistémico con actividades interrelacionadas que permiten crear ambientes que en verdad faciliten, de forma mediada, el proceso educativo. Finalmente, se presenta una herramienta para la autoría de escenarios educativos.

Modelo de negocio para bebidas funcionales Ceiba

OpenAIRE

Gil Giraldo, Jhonatan; Restrepo Mesa, Juan Eduardo

2017-01-01

El presente documento, modelo de negocio para bebidas naturales Ceiba, es el trabajo de grado realizado por los autores con el fin de optar al título de magíster en Administración (MBA) de la Universidad EAFIT -- El cual esta soportado en los diferentes conceptos y metodologías de modelo de negocio y planes de negocio -- Por tratarse de un prototipo que busca definir los elementos estratégicos necesarios para su desarrollo, arrojó como resultado que la metodología más adecuada para ser aplica...

Middleware Cerberus usando RFID para rastreabilidade bovina

OpenAIRE

Silva, Márcio Roberto

2009-01-01

A gerência na zootecnia de precisão é cada vez mais necessária para garantia de lucros e a conquista de novos mercados os quais exigem qualidade e certificação. Nesta dissertação é abordado um sistema de rastreabilidade para o controle na bovinocultura utilizando chips RFID. Sendo que a identificação segura dos animais é a base para a rastreabilidade bovina e bubalina. Em vista as exigências do mercado consumidor o governo brasileiro instituiu o Sistema Brasileiro de Identificação e Certifica...

Test para la profilaxis de la prematuridad

OpenAIRE

Cruz Laguna, Gladys María

2008-01-01

La prematuridad constituye un problema mundial de salud, la comunidad científica busca predictores para disminuir su incidencia. La investigación persiguió obtener una escala de puntuación que modele las características cervicales y permita diagnosticar la condición de riesgo de las gestantes para extender el período de gestación y lograr nacimientos al término. Se realizó un cuasiexperimento en gestantes con factores de riesgo para la prematuridad del municipio Holguín. La muestra fue confor...

para mujeres y niños vulnerables

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

... a nivel global . 73. Generar confianza y crear espacio para el compromiso . 75 .... para construir sistemas de salud sólidos y han colaborado inmensamente con ..... instituciones sanitarias se ve obligado a recolectar información y a registrar ...

Modelo para la Gestión de la Innovación por Proyectos para Empresas que aplican el Perfeccionamiento Empresarial en Cuba

OpenAIRE

Antonio M. Navarro López

2008-01-01

Las Empresas que aplican el Perfeccionamiento Empresarial, no cuentan con un Modelo para la Gestión de la Innovación para el desarrollo Empresarial. Por lo que se propone éste Modelo para las mismas y generalizándose de esta forma el conocimiento de Gestión de la Innovación de la Empresa de Proyectos de Arquitectura e Ingeniería de Matanzas, Cuba, lo que permite el desarrollo Empresarial y la Implantación del Sub Sistema de Innovación para estas Empresas en Perfeccionamiento Empresarial. Se p...

Retos para la agricultura en Costa Rica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oscar Arias M.

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Retos para la agricultura en Costa Rica es un análisis crítico del desarrollo agrícola de Costa Rica de los últimos 25 años. La diversificación agrícola que promovió Costa Rica en la década de los ochenta, permitió ampliar la oferta exportable y reducir la vulnerabilidad de la dependencia económica de productos tradicionales, como café y banano. Los retos de la economía global y el establecimiento de tratados comerciales con muchos países, hacen necesario que el país promueva en el sector agrícola la exportación con mayor valor agregado, para lo cual es necesario una modernización y reconversión productiva, ya que el modelo actual está agotado. Debemos mejorar sustancialmente los bienes y servicios que ofrecemos; para este propósito, algunos aspectos como la imagen de marca del país con tradición democrática, respeto a los derechos laborales, así como las buenas prácticas de manejo ambiental, deben publicitarse. Como una herramienta clave para la incorporación de mayor valor agregado a nuestra producción agrícola, debemos promover la inversión en investigación y desarrollo, que históricamente ha sido escasa (0,4% del PIB. En vista de que el Estado Costarricense ha demostrado una incapacidad crónica para impulsar la ciencia y la tecnología como una herramienta para nuestro desarrollo, se propone un estímulo a la inversión privada y el fortalecimiento de una alianza con el Estado y las universidades. Se analiza la conveniencia del fortalecimiento de la autosuficiencia alimentaria y de que las empresas pequeñas y medianas jueguen un papel más activo en la agro-exportación. Respecto a los tratados comerciales que se han venido negociando, se considera la conveniencia para el país, ya que son instrumentos para integrar nuestro quehacer económico a nivel mundial, y nuestro deber es el de luchar para que el sector agropecuario tenga oportunidad de subsistir competitivamente según esas nuevas reglas y

Matemática para la familia

OpenAIRE

Cittadino, José

1994-01-01

Para muchos profesores de matemáticas ha sido de primordial interés encontrar estrategias didácticas apropiadas para orientar el aprendizaje de las matemáticas escolares de los niños (as) y jóvenes de manera que las clases se conviertan en encuentros agradables y la relación matemática-aprendizaje- profesor sea la mejor.

Educación para emprender, una opción para el mundo en desarrollo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Gerardo Rodríguez

2015-05-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN La búsqueda de las formas educativas para corresponder con el momento histórico que vive el mundo de hoy, ha sacudido de reformas, adecuaciones y reconversiones, la geografía de nuestros países aspirantes al desarrollo. En Latinoamérica la reforma educativa es una constante y este fenómeno implica, que como educadores estemos obligados a asumir en mayor o menor proporción, el impacto de tal explosión reformista. Construir desde el quehacer cotidiano, formas de educación para orientar de manera coherente la formación de hombres para dirigir organizaciones en el mundo  de hoy, implica general un proceso educativo acorde con la reforma de la educación superior en el macro de la apertura y globalización  de la economía, y  la cual problemática social en la que se vislumbran la inestabilidad del futuro, plasmada en la crisis de la certeza y el reto de la complejidad

Um Termômetro para as Macro-Prudenciais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabio Kanczuk

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Desenvolvemos um modelo com fricções no crédito tanto para firmas como famílias. Crédito às firmas é tratado como nos modelos de acelerador financeiro (e.g. Bernanke e Gilchrist (1999. Os juros sobre os recursos emprestados às famílias dependem de seu endividamento, como em Curdia e Woodford (2010. O modelo é estimado para o Brasil, utilizado para estudar os episódios de desaceleração, e para a extração dos prêmios de financiamento (destilados a partir de dados não financeiros, os quais são comparados com informações sobre crédito às pessoas físicas e jurídicas. Dessa forma, o obtém-se um termômetro para mensurar como medidas prudenciais sobre o crédito afetam atividade e inflação.

Morality and a Meaningful Life | Thomas | Philosophical Papers

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... healthy dovetail with respect to leading a meaningful life. With this argument regarding psychological health I draw upon, and extend, P. F. Strawson's seminal essay “Freedom and Resentment”. Also in this regard, I extend Wittgenstein's argument against the possibility of a private language to social behavior generally.

Effects of Collaborative Mentoring on the Articulation of Training and Classroom Situations: A Case Study in the French School System

Science.gov (United States)

Chalies, Sebastien; Bertone, Stefano; Flavier, Eric; Durand, Marc

2008-01-01

This study assessed the effects of a collaborative mentoring sequence on the professional development of a preservice teacher (PT). The analysis of data from observation and self-confrontation interviews identified work rules [Wittgenstein, L. (1996). In G. E. M. Anscomb & G. H. Von Wright (Eds.), "Remarques philosophiques"…

Negative Certainty

Science.gov (United States)

Ariso, José María

2017-01-01

The definitions of "negative knowledge" and the studies in this regard published to date have not considered the categorial distinction Wittgenstein established between knowledge and certainty. Hence, the important role that certainty, despite its omission, should have in these definitions and studies has not yet been shown. In this…

Mathematics Education in Brazilian Rural Areas: An Analysis of the "Escola Ativa" Public Policy and the Landless Movement Pedagogy

Science.gov (United States)

Knijnik, Gelsa; Wanderer, Fernanda

2015-01-01

The article discusses mathematics education within two educational projects addressed to rural multigrade schools in Brazil: Active School Program (in Portuguese, Programa Escola Ativa--PEA) and the Landless Movement (Movimento Sem Terra--MST) Pedagogy. It is based on an ethnomathematics perspective drawn from Wittgenstein's later work and Michel…

A Frame-Reflective Discourse Analysis of Serious Games

Science.gov (United States)

Mayer, Igor; Warmelink, Harald; Zhou, Qiqi

2016-01-01

The authors explore how framing theory and the method of frame-reflective discourse analysis provide foundations for the emerging discipline of serious games (SGs) research. Starting with Wittgenstein's language game and Berger and Luckmann's social constructivist view on science, the authors demonstrate why a definitional or taxonomic approach to…

Metodologia de la Administración Federal de Aviación para el Diseño de estructuras de Pavimento flexible para aeropuertos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julián Rodrigo Quintero González

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Se representan los aspectos técnicos fundamentales y principalesconsideraciones de la metodologia propuesta por la Administracion Federal de Aviación FAA para el diseño de estructuras de pavimento para aeropuertos. Se exponen los aspectos sobre las variables consideradas en el diseño (estructurales tránsito, factores ambientales y factores intrinsecos, se establecen las caracteristicas de las variables consideradas por el metodo (subrasante y materiales para la estructura, geometría del tren de aterrizaje, número de decolajes equivalentes y peso bruto maximo del decolaje y se explica el procedimiento utilizado para el tratamiento de la información requerida en diseño estructural de pavimentos flexibles para aeropuertos.

Construyendo campos para el aprendizaje creativo. Método del juego

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paco Cerezo Sánchez

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Este documento presenta el marco teórico, el camino recorrido y los resultados de una experiencia piloto para la formación de formadores y de trabajadores del sector de transportes, experiencia hecha para desarrollar competencias interpersonales.Avanzamos desde el constructivismo y proponemos un método de aprendizaje en grupo, denominado Método del juego porque se basa en juegos sociales experienciados por los participantes (alumnos durante el taller.Aquí, hablo de los contenidos formativos - dirigidos especialmente a la formación de formadores- y también de la forma de aprender y de la estructura oculta en los procesos de aprendizaje. Describo un marco teórico que permite aplicar métodos de aprendizaje grupal y creativo para la formación continua, y aporto herramientas para que los formadores las adapten y construyan sus propios juegos didácticos. El marco creativo de aprendizaje y este método del juego nacen de experiencias entrenando a actores de teatro de calle (desde 1983, formadores y directivos (desde 1991 y aplicaciones para eLearning (1996-2007 en diferentes sectores y países europeos; experiencia consolidada con el equipo de www.formador.org (2005-2008. Al principio usaba juegos extraídos del circo, ahora son juegos sociales o de mesa.El marco creativo y el método del juego aquí propuestos sirven para desarrollar: el potencial humano, la autonomía personal, la creatividad y la innovación, las competencias interpersonales, de trabajo en equipo, para comprender y solucionar conflictos; la habilidad para comprender y solucionar problemas complejos; la habilidad para aprender a aprender.Así, esta propuesta para aprender jugando en grupo recoge las experiencias acumuladas durante 20 años formando formadores y complementa a otras investigaciones y productos1, muchos de ellos específicos para la formación de formadores. Para Aprender jugando en grupo hemos creado un paquete integrado por el marco teórico creador de

Confianza y capital social: evidencia para México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rubén Martínez-Cárdenas

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Desde la perspectiva económica la confianza entre los miembros de una sociedad está asociada al funcionamiento eficiente de los mercados, al reforzamiento de contratos y, en general, a la capacidad para generar desarrollo y bienestar. En este artículo exploramos empíricamente los determinantes de la confianza en México, en particular, aislamos la relación entre dos medidas de capital social, una para el individuo y otra para su entorno. Nuestros resultados muestran que la confianza aumenta con estas medidas de capital social y con ausencia de se - gregación es mayor en comunidades pequeñas, a mayor edad y para habitantes del centro-occidente, entre otras.

ESPIRITUALIDADE PARA OUTRO MUNDO POSSÍVEL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Agenor Brighent

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Teve lugar, em Nairobi, o II Fórum Mundial de Teologia e Libertação, entre os dias 16e 19de janeiro de 2007.O primeiro havia sido realizado em Porto Alegre, em janeiro de 2005, cujos resultados estão publicados em L.C. SUSIN (org., Teologia para outro mundo possível, São Paulo: Paulinas, 2006 (485 pp.. O segundo teve como tema - "espiritualidade para outro mundo possível". Fizeram-se presentes 300participantes, oriundos dos cinco Continentes, em sua maioria da África, especialmente de Nairobi, seguida da Europa, América, Ásia e Oceania, respectivamente. Para além da reflexão e dos conteúdos, o simples encontro e cruzamento de buscas e realizações em esfera planetária, já justifica por si só o evento. Em tempos de crise de paradigmas e dos metarrelatos, a experiência se erige como lugar privilegiado para repensar a razão e as razões do existir, do mundo e da fé. Os trabalhos tiveram lugar no Carmelite Center, nos arredores da contrastante capital do Quênia.

Tithonia diversifolia: especie para ramoneo en sistemas silvopastoriles y métodos para estimar su consumo.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Estefanía Mejía-Díaz

2016-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo fue recopilar avances investigativos sobre aspectos agronómicos, nutricionales y productivos de T. diversifolia Hemsl. A Gray en sistemas silvopastorils (SSP como estrategia de producción ganadera y conocer metodologías para estimar el consumo de forraje de vacas bajo SSP. La introducción de sistemas silvopastoriles proporciona una vegetación estrati cada, además de generar diversos bienes, servicios ambientales y bienestar animal, constituyéndose, desde el punto de vista productivo, ecológico, económico y social, en una de las modalidades más prometedoras de los sistemas agroforestales. En la presente revisión se realizó una descripción de la arbustiva T. diversifolia Hemsl. A Gray, como especie estratégica para ser introducida en los sistemas silvopastoriles sean estos de baja o alta densidad, la cual por su calidad composicional ha sido reportada como una arbustiva con potencial para ser utilizada en la nutrición de rumiantes, teniendo un posible efecto positivo sobre índices productivos y económicos. Se discutieron tres técnicas utilizadas para estimar el consumo de forraje por bovinos en pastoreo, las cuales pueden ser aplicadas tanto en sistemas tradicionales como en sistemas silvopastoriles.

ParaChoice Model.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heimer, Brandon Walter [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States); Levinson, Rebecca Sobel [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States); West, Todd H. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)

2017-12-01

Analysis with the ParaChoice model addresses three barriers from the VTO Multi-Year Program Plan: availability of alternative fuels and electric charging station infrastructure, availability of AFVs and electric drive vehicles, and consumer reluctance to purchase new technologies. In this fiscal year, we first examined the relationship between the availability of alternative fuels and station infrastructure. Specifically, we studied how electric vehicle charging infrastructure affects the ability of EVs to compete with vehicles that rely on mature, conventional petroleum-based fuels. Second, we studied how the availability of less costly AFVs promotes their representation in the LDV fleet. Third, we used ParaChoice trade space analyses to help inform which consumers are reluctant to purchase new technologies. Last, we began analysis of impacts of alternative energy technologies on Class 8 trucks to isolate those that may most efficaciously advance HDV efficiency and petroleum use reduction goals.

Modificación del caldo extracto de levadura manitol para la producción a mediana escala de inoculantes para leguminosas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ernesto Ormeño-Orrillo

2014-06-01

Full Text Available El caldo extracto de levadura manitol (LM, un medio ampliamente utilizado para el cultivo de rizobios, fue modificado para reducir su costo y utilizarlo en la producción a mediana escala de inoculantes para leguminosas. Los dos ingredientes más costosos, el extracto de levadura y el manitol, fueron reducidos o reemplazados con substratos más económicos. Se pudo reducir la concentración de extracto de levadura a 0,05 g/L sin afectar el crecimiento cuando se agregó 1,1 g/L de ácido glutámico o glutamato de sodio grado alimento. El manitol pudo ser substituido por 12,5 g/L de glicerina grado farmacéutico para las cepas de Bradyrhizobium o por 10 g/L de azúcar grado alimento para las cepas de Rhizobium. No se alteraron las propiedades simbióticas de las cepas cultivados en los medios modificados.

Plan de negocio para una empresa que alquila bombas sumergibles para el sector minero

OpenAIRE

Pérez León Corzo, Stepahnie Pamela

2016-01-01

El presente trabajo de investigación evalúa la viabilidad operativa y financiera para operar una pequeña empresa dedicada al alquiler de bombas sumergibles para la actividad de desagüe de medianas y pequeñas empresas del sector minero. Estructuralmente, la empresa estará constituida por la alta dirección conformada por tres socios quienes aportarán el 30% de la inversión inicial, el 70% restante se obtendrá mediante un financiamiento a mediano plazo con un banco local. La línea media estará c...

Experimental study of para- and ortho-H3+ recombination

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Plasil, R; Varju, J; Hejduk, M; Dohnal, P; KotrIk, T; Glosik, J

2011-01-01

Recombination of H 3 + with electrons is a key process for many plasmatic environments. Recent experiments on storage ring devices used ion sources producing H 3 + with enhanced populations of H 3 + ions in the para nuclear spin configuration to shed light on the theoretically predicted faster recombination of para states. Although increased recombination rates were observed, no in situ characterization of recombining ions was performed. We present a state selective recombination study of para- and ortho-H 3 + ions with electrons at 77 K in afterglow plasma in a He/Ar/H 2 gas-mixture. Both spin configurations of H 3 + have been observed in situ with a near infrared cavity ring down spectrometer (NIR-CRDS) using the two lowest energy levels of H 3 + . Using hydrogen with an enhanced population of H 2 molecules in para states allowed us to influence the [para-H 3 + ]/[ortho-H 3 + ] ratio in the discharge and in the afterglow. We observed an increase in the measured effective recombination rate coefficients with the increase of the fraction of para-H 3 + . Measurements with different fractions of para-H 3 + at otherwise identical conditions allowed us to determine the binary recombination rate coefficients for pure para-H 3 + p α bin (77 K) = (2.0±0.4)x10 -7 cm 3 s -1 and pure ortho-H 3 + o α bin (77 K) = (4±3)x10 -8 cm 3 s -1 .

Experimental study of para- and ortho-H3+ recombination

Science.gov (United States)

Plašil, R.; Varju, J.; Hejduk, M.; Dohnal, P.; Kotrík, T.; Glosík, J.

2011-07-01

Recombination of H3+ with electrons is a key process for many plasmatic environments. Recent experiments on storage ring devices used ion sources producing H3+ with enhanced populations of H3+ ions in the para nuclear spin configuration to shed light on the theoretically predicted faster recombination of para states. Although increased recombination rates were observed, no in situ characterization of recombining ions was performed. We present a state selective recombination study of para- and ortho-H3+ ions with electrons at 77 K in afterglow plasma in a He/Ar/H2 gas-mixture. Both spin configurations of H3+ have been observed in situ with a near infrared cavity ring down spectrometer (NIR-CRDS) using the two lowest energy levels of H3+. Using hydrogen with an enhanced population of H2 molecules in para states allowed us to influence the [para-H3+]/[ortho-H3+] ratio in the discharge and in the afterglow. We observed an increase in the measured effective recombination rate coefficients with the increase of the fraction of para-H3+. Measurements with different fractions of para-H3+ at otherwise identical conditions allowed us to determine the binary recombination rate coefficients for pure para-H3+ pαbin(77 K) = (2.0±0.4)×10-7 cm3s-1 and pure ortho-H3+ oαbin(77 K) = (4±3)×10-8 cm3s-1.

Liberalismusest / Heido Vitsur

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vitsur, Heido, 1944-

2008-01-01

Liberalismist seoses eesti keeles ilmunud Ludwig von Misese raamatuga "Liberalism". Artikli autor oletab, et lähiaastail ei oota meid ees liberalismi positsioonide tugevnemine, vähemalt majanduses mitte

Exhibidor de cinturones para Montagne

OpenAIRE

Galletti, Julia

2017-01-01

En el exhibidor de cinturones diseñado para la marca de ropa deportiva Montagne se produjo un trabajo estético-formal en relación a la simbología característica de la marca. Su principal característica es ser un exhibidor 360°, es decir que desde cualquier punto de vista se puede obtener un buen panorama del producto expuesto. Está confeccionado en materiales livianos para facilitar su movilidad dentro del local estipulado (exhibición en vidriera o mostrador). Asimismo, es totalmente desarmab...

Educación para un nuevo humanismo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

GUILLERMO HOYOS-VÁSQUEZ

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Se parte del tema de la responsabilidad social universitaria, evaluada muchas veces con base en indicadores, especialmente de pertinencia. Se advierten los peligros que esto conlleva para la educación en general, si no se toma como punto de partida el sentido mismo de universidad y de educación, es decir, si no se parte de la identidad propia de las instituciones educativas. Se sugiere, por tanto, volver a retomar la discusión en torno a la formación humanista en los procesos educativos, para lo cual se analizan muy brevemente la Carta sobre el humanismo, de Martin Heidegger; las Normas para el parque humano, de Peter Sloterdijk; la Universidad sin condición, de Jacques Derrida y El cultivo de la humanidad, de Martha Nussbaum. Se cierra el ensayo con la propuesta de Jürgen Habermas de una teoría comunicativa de la educación para la ciudadanía.

Actividad Física: Pasaporte Para La Salud

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandra M.M. MATSUDO

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Las nuevas recomendaciones de actividad física para la salud, que cuentan con la aprobación de la oms, el cdc, el Colegio Americano de Medicina Deportiva (acsm y la American Heart Association, enfatizan que al menos 30 minutos diarios, por lo menos cinco días de la semana (de preferencia todos los días de la semana, de forma continua o en sesiones acumuladas de 10 o 15 minutos, de una actividad de intensidad moderada pueden ser suficientes para traer beneficios para la salud y la prevención, tratamiento, control y rehabilitación de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Por lo tanto, los especialistas en ciencias del deporte y las autoridades sanitarias recomiendan que toda persona incluya en su vida cotidiana, ya sea en el hogar, en el trabajo o en la comunidad, una actividad física regular para recuperar o mantener la salud.

Proposta de um instrumento para avaliar eventos adversos em odontologia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Dolores Trierweiler Sampaio de Oliveira Corrêa

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi propor um conjunto de rastreadores para a pesquisa de eventos adversos em odontologia ambulatorial no Brasil. O instrumento foi elaborado em duas etapas: (i para construir um conjunto preliminar de rastreadores foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, a fim de identificar a composição das ferramentas de rastreamento utilizadas nas demais áreas da saúde e os principais eventos adversos encontrados em odontologia; (ii para validar os rastreadores preliminarmente construídos foi organizado um painel de especialistas empregando o método Delphi modificado. Foram elaborados quatorze rastreadores para compor um instrumento com critérios explícitos para identificar potenciais eventos adversos no cuidado odontológico, essenciais para os estudos de revisão retrospectiva de prontuários. Pesquisas relacionadas à segurança do paciente em odontologia ainda são bastante incipientes em relação às demais áreas da saúde. Este trabalho pretendeu contribuir para a investigação nesse campo. O aporte da literatura e a ajuda da expertise do painel de especialistas permitiram a elaboração de um conjunto de rastreadores para a detecção de eventos adversos odontológicos, no entanto, são necessários estudos adicionais para testar a validade do instrumento.

Sistemática para avaliação da conformidade: uma proposta para uso de cão-guia

OpenAIRE

Brito, Joana D'Arc de

2009-01-01

O objetivo do presente estudo é identificar e propor quais os principais requisitos para a Avaliação dos Centros de Treinamento, de Treinadores e dos Instrutores Autônomos de cães-guia, de forma a atender o que prescreve a Lei n.º 11.126, de 27 de junho de 2005 no concernente às necessidades de adaptação dos segmentos envolvidos. Esta pesquisa foi estruturada em 3 (três) etapas. No primeiro momento utilizou-se de fontes bibliográficas para o levantamento de obras de referência para o desenvol...

Creación de materiales didácticos orales para la clase de lengua para la traducción

OpenAIRE

González Royo, Carmen; Chiapello, Stefania; Martín Sánchez, Teresa; Pascual Escagedo, Consuelo; Puigdevall Balafuy, Núria; Mura, G. Angela; Regagliolo, Alberto

2016-01-01

“Creación de materiales didácticos orales para la clase de lengua para la traducción” (3546) es una red que, desde una perspectiva de investigación-acción, investiga la implementación de materiales docentes para los currículos de lengua y traducción en las asignaturas de E/LE e I/LE en los grados de Lenguas Extranjeras y Traducción e Interpretación de la Universidad de Alicante, Università Suor Orsola Benincasa de Nápoles y Università degli Studi di Salerno. A partir de los materiales produci...

TV Móvel: onde estamos e para onde vamos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Clara-Luz Álvarez

2010-05-01

Full Text Available O artigo apresenta (1 as características técnicas da TV Móvel [Mobile TV] e sua diferença para o IPTV e a TV pela Internet [Internet TV], (2 as questões relativas a rede, espectro e equipamento que influenciarão o arcabouço normativo, (3 as oportunidades geradas para a TV Móvel quando da migração para a TV digital, e (4 um estudo de caso do México pertinente ao marco regulatório dos serviços de telecomunicações e de radiodifusão, aos atores do mercado, à disponibilidade de espectro, à migração para a TV digital e outras questões proeminentes para a TV Móvel.

Preparar para el futuro: el rol del educador

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Myrna A. Cuevas Ruiz

2000-12-01

Full Text Available El artículo aborda el problema de la educación a la luz de las esperanzas y exigencias que se le plantean y de sus posibilidades reales para responder a los retos. En este marco, ubica la figura del educador, las cualidades que deben caracterizarlo para responder a las demandas de los retos educativos y los requerimientos que, en el contexto de la profesión docente, deben satisfacerse para impulsar los cambios.

QRLabel y Blackbird: 2 aplicaciones accesibles para Android

OpenAIRE

Mercade Aguila, Gisela

2012-01-01

El objetivo de este proyecto es el de realizar dos aplicaciones para dispositivos móviles con sistema operativo Android. Estas aplicaciones están ideadas para ser usadas por una persona invidente o con deficiencias visuales. El transcurso del desarrollo de cada aplicacion sirve para conocer y experimentar con diferentes herramientas que dispone este sistema operativo, y de este modo estudiar sus ventajas y limitaciones. Se presentan dispositivos y prototipos de dispositivos diseñados exclusiv...

Análise do EIA/RIMA do Terminal de Combustíveis da Paraíba (TECOP para fins de licenciamento ambiental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valdeniza Delmondes Pereira

2016-09-01

Full Text Available O estudo de impacto ambiental precede ao licenciamento ambiental, sendo obrigatório para atividades efetiva ou potencialmente poluidoras ou capazes de degradar o meio ambiente. Este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer a análise do EIA/RIMA do Terminal de Combustíveis da Paraíba Ltda-TECOP, observando se foram cumpridas as exigências legais para a caracterização dos impactos ambientais, e verificando também a existência de medidas mitigadoras para os impactos adversos e indicação de monitoramento para os referidos impactos identificados. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e documental, que teve como objetos de estudo, o EIA/RIMA e o Processo de Licenciamento Ambiental do TECOP, cujos dados foram coletados junto ao Setor de Documentação da SUDEMA. O EIA/RIMA se mostrou extremamente superficial no que diz respeito à caracterização dos impactos ambientais, estes não sendo devidamente caracterizados conforme determina a Resolução Conama 01/86, artigo 6, inciso II. Os atributos para a correta caracterização dos impactos não foram levados em consideração sequer para os principais impactos adversos passíveis de ocorrerem na fase de operação do empreendimento. O estudo também não mostrou clareza quanto à proposição das medidas mitigadoras e monitoramento para os impactos identificados, pois nem todos os impactos adversos continham a indicação de mitigação e como seriam monitorados.

Modelos para gestão de riscos em cadeias de suprimentos: revisão, análise e diretrizes para futuras pesquisas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Robson Nogueira Tomas

2013-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma revisão bibliográfica, que possa ser considerada completa e inédita na literatura científica nacional, tendo como foco modelos para gestão de riscos em cadeias de suprimentos. Para tanto, foram revisados 103 artigos científicos publicados entre 2000 e 2012. Inicialmente, buscou-se categorizar os tipos de riscos abordados nos artigos científicos segundo a descrição proposta por Christopher e Peck (2004, a saber: internos à empresa focal (operações, processo e controle; externos para a empresa focal, mas internos para a cadeia (fornecimento e demanda; e externos à cadeia (macroambiente. Buscou-se, também, identificar as etapas elementares na composição de um modelo para gestão de riscos em cadeias de suprimentos. Uma vez categorizados os tipos de riscos e identificadas as quatro etapas elementares, efetuou-se uma análise a partir de três perspectivas: i as opções de modelos disponíveis na literatura para a prática de tal gestão, considerando-se os tipos de riscos e etapas que os compõem; ii um modelo final a ser proposto; e iii elementos que podem ser acrescentados ao modelo final. As principais contribuições deste trabalho dizem respeito a possibilitar melhor entendimento dos tipos de riscos que podem incidir sobre uma cadeia de suprimentos, discutir os modelos mais adequados para geri-los, além de oferecer diretrizes para futuras pesquisas na temática em questão.

Kunst og Filosofi i det 20. Århundrede

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Indhold: Dan Zahavi: Edmund Husserl : fænomenologi og kunst. Kasper Nefer Olsen: Croce : en hegelianer uden sorger ; Wittgenstein : det æstetiske er nu. Carsten Juhl: Paul Valérys introduktion til Leonardo da Vincis metode. Peer F. Bundgård: Den formelle frigørelse : om Ernst Cassirers bestemmelse...

Ludwig Boltzmann, Albert Einstein and Franz Joseph

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Broda, E.

1983-01-01

Under the Emperor Francis Joseph (1848-1916) the natural sciences were less weIl supported in Austria than in other countries of Europe. This is explained by the fact that the German speaking middle classes accepted the preeminence of the feudal forces with their antiscientific attitude. The reason for this readiness to subordination was that those middle classes feIt threatened in their relatively favourable situation by Slavs and Latins. Francis Joseph was the typical representative of the aristocracy. Personally, he did his duty conscientiously and was not corrupt, but progressive ideas and scientific thought were alien to him. From his desk he treated Boltzmann benevolently, but he had no wish to meet personally the greatest mind of the Empire or in any respect to ask his views. Another famous subject of the Emperor, Albert Einstein, was apparently ignored altogether. The structural weakness of Austria, due to the national problems, led to immobilism in her scientific life, but also, up to a point, to tolerance. The impression of Victor Adler on Einstein is considered in this historical context. (author) [de

Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (1858-1947

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Robitaille P.-M.

2007-10-01

Full Text Available October 4th, 2007 marks the 60th anniversary of Planck’s death. Planck was not only the father of Quantum Theory. He was also a man of profound moral and ethical values, with far reaching philosophical views. Though he lived a life of public acclaim for his discovery of the Blackbody radiation formula which bares his name, his personal life was beset with tragedy. Yet, Planck never lost his deep faith and belief in a personal God. He was admired by Einstein, not so much for his contributions to physics, but rather, for the ideals which he embodied as a person. In this work, a brief synopsis is provided on Planck, his life, and his philosophical writings. It is hoped that this will serve as an invitation to revisit the philosophical works of the man who, more than any other, helped set the course of early 20th century physics.

Construcción de un indicador para medir competencias básicas para la vida

OpenAIRE

Andrea Collado Chaves

2006-01-01

La necesidad de construir un indicador para cuantificar el nivel de Competencias Básicas para la Vida (CBV), nace con la evaluación los resultados de un proyecto dirigido a población joven. El propósito de ese proyecto es construir capital humano y empleabilidad en hombres y mujeres con edades entre 13 y 18 años, desertores o en riesgo de desertar del sistema educativo, sin empleo formal y que viven en ambientes de pobreza y exclusión. Una de las dimensiones de empleabilidad son las Competenc...

MODELO PARA LA GESTIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO ORGANIZACIONAL EN LA SUITE PARA LA DIRECCIÓN INTEGRADA POR PROYECTOS GESPRO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anisleiby Fernández Hernández

2014-06-01

Full Text Available La economía mundial se dirige hacia un nuevo modelo basado en el conocimiento, aportando ventajas competitivas gracias a su gestión. La Dirección Integrada por Proyectos requiere de la aplicación de un modelo para la gestión del conocimiento, con el objetivo de garantizar la elevación de la calidad de los nuevos proyectos. En el trabajo se presenta un modelo que combina y complementa diferentes estrategias para identificar, adquirir, retener, desarrollar y utilizar el conocimiento necesario en la realización de los proyectos, apoyadas por el uso de las Tecnologías de la Informática y las Comunicaciones. Este modelo responde y está en correspondencia con la versión 13.05 de la Suite para la Dirección Integrada por Proyectos Gespro de Software libre perteneciente a la Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas, que se presenta como proceso para la gestión del conocimiento.

"Colaborar para Competir"

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martha Liliana Hijuelos-Cárdenas

2015-06-01

Full Text Available De acuerdo con Michael Porter, los Clusters se definen como “Una agrupación de empresas e instituciones relacionadas entre sí, pertenecientes a un mismo sector o segmento de mercado, que se encuentran próximas geográficamente y que colaboran para ser más competitivas”. Los Clusters son en última instancia una herramienta de competitividad basada en la cooperación de sus miembros, y es una de las estrategias recientes, en el país, para incrementar la productividad y competitividad y las apuestas productivas desde el nivel local. Y es precisamente esta cercanía geográfica de las empresas de un mismo sector, lo que a la vez que genera la competencia entre ellas, también les facilita el acceso a insumos y a conocimientos específicos y en última instancia les permite promover la innovación.

ParaTrough v1.0: Librería en Modelica para Simulación de Plantas Termosolares

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan A. Romera Cabrerizo

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Resumen: El presente trabajo describe una librería desarrollada en Modelica que utiliza el entorno Dymola 6.1 para modelar y simular plantas termosolares de tecnología de colector cilindro-parabólico. El actual software de modelado y simulación es cada vez más potente gracias a los avances en computación y programación, pudiendo conseguir estimaciones muy precisas del comportamiento de estas plantas térmicas. Como mejora a otras propuestas actuales, la librería ParaTrough se ofrece como una herramienta pública, gratuita bajo licencia Modelica License 2, de código libre, flexible, modular, y por lo tanto fácilmente ampliable y modificable para los requerimientos específicos de cada planta y proceso en particular. En la versión 1.0 contemplada en este artículo, esta librería se puede usar para el modelado y simulación del recurso solar y del sistema de fluido de transferencia calorífica sin cambio de fase. Los modelos han sido validados con datos reales de una planta en operación, Andasol 3, en los términos municipales de Aldeire y La Calahorra (Granada. El objetivo de ParaTrough es poder ser utilizada gratuitamente y de forma amigable por analistas de procesos para uno o varios de los siguientes casos: evaluación del rendimiento, detección de fallos, exploración de nuevos modos de operación y optimización de la planta. Aunque en futuras versiones se puedan añadir otros elementos, esta aportación cubre una nueva área de aplicación específica para el software de Modelica y en su estado actual facilita la operación y mantenimiento de estas plantas. Abstract: This paper describes a Modelica-based library developed to the modeling and simulation of solar thermal plants with parabolic trough collectors. The Dymola 6.1 environment has been used. Unlike other commercial tools, the ParaTrough library is offered as a free open source tool, under Modelica License 2. Its modular code makes it easily extensible and modifiable to

Framework Multi-LIBRAS para integração e colaboração de soluções para deficientes auditivos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luciana Pereira Oliveira

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Vem crescendo o número de soluções para pessoas com deficiência auditiva. Por exemplo, vêm surgindo diversas soluções de tradutores de Português para LIBRAS para facilitar a comunicação entre ouvintes e surdos. Por outro lado, muitos projetos de pesquisa estão descontinuados, não sendo possível executar os aplicativos desenvolvidos e muito menos repetir experimentos descritos nos artigos. Então, como os pesquisadores poderiam trabalhar de maneira colaborativa a construção de novos aplicativos e melhorias dos softwares existentes? Seria possível distintos grupos de pesquisa criarem um dicionário de Português e LIBRAS aberto? Objetivando-se esse ambiente colaborativo, definiu-se o framework Multi-LIBRAS, que oferece flexibilidade e extensibilidade para integrar qualquer solução para LIBRAS e algoritmos de avaliação. O artigo irá apresentar uma visão geral, as camadas externas e internas do framework bem como exemplificar o uso do Multi-LIBRAS, que dá suporte a soluções descritas em qualquer linguagem de programação.

Pequenos para idade gestacional: fator de risco para mortalidade neonatal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Almeida Márcia Furquim de

1998-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estudar as variáveis contempladas na Declaração de Nascimento (DN como possíveis fatores de risco para nascimentos pequenos para a idade gestacional (PIG e o retardo de crescimento intra-uterino como fator de risco para a mortalidade neonatal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: As variáveis existentes na DN foram obtidas diretamente de prontuários hospitalares. Os dados referem-se a uma coorte de nascimentos obtida por meio da vinculação das declarações de nascimento e óbito, correspondendo a 2.251 nascimentos vivos hospitalares, de mães residentes, ocorridos no Município de Santo André, Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, no período de l/1 a 30/6/1992, e aos óbitos neonatais verificados nessa coorte. RESULTADOS: Obteve-se a proporção de 4,3% de nascimentos PIG, significativamente maior entre os recém-nascidos de pré-termo e pós-termo, entre os nascimentos cujas mães tinham mais de 35 anos de idade e grau de instrução inferior ao primeiro grau completo. Os recém-nascidos PIG apresentam maior risco de morte neonatal que aqueles que não apresentavam sinais de retardo de crescimento intra-uterino. CONCLUSÕES: Em áreas com menor freqüência de baixo peso ao nascer, é importante investigar a presença de retardo de crescimento intra-uterino entre os nascimentos prematuros e não apenas nos nascimentos de termo. O registro da data da última menstruação (ou da idade gestacional em semanas não agregadas na DN facilitaria a detecção de PIGs na população de recém-nascidos.

Propuesta de implementación de un modelo de calidad para la selección de software base para servidores.

OpenAIRE

Espinel Mena, Gonzalo Patricio; Montaluisa Yugla, Franklin Javier

2012-01-01

La propuesta de implementación plantea la utilización de un modelo de calidad estructurado para ayudar a resolver el problema de adquirir paquetes de software de base que encajen normalmente dentro de un entorno organizacional. El modelo de calidad estructurado para un dominio de un paquete dado proporcionará una taxonomía de características de software de calidad, y métricas para calcular su valor. El modelo de calidad se basa la norma ISO/IEC 9126 de la ISO (Organización Internacional de No...

Desenvolvimento de uma abordagem computacional para a descoberta de compostos-líderes para fármacos anticancerígenos

OpenAIRE

Cruz, Sara Miguel Dinis Mamede da

2016-01-01

Atualmente o cancro é uma das principais causas de morte, causando uma crescente demanda para a descoberta de fármacos para o seu tratamento. O objetivo desta dissertação foi a construção de modelos computacionais para auxiliar a descoberta de novos compostos líder anticancerígenos contra o cancro do cólon. Foram realizados dois diferentes estudos da Relação Quantitativa Estrutura Atividade (QSAR), o primeiro intitulado Modelo A, que utilizou conjuntos de descritores estruturais e fingerpr...

Cubierta de madera para una nave industrial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hossdorf, Heinz

1958-05-01

Full Text Available Para la ampliación de los talleres de Hans Schmidlin, de Basilea, Suiza, dedicados a la prefabricación de elementos de construcción de madera y metales ligeros para fachadas, se ha construido una nueva nave, rectangular, de 49x55,4 m en planta.

Secadores solares - térmicos para granos y frutas para utilizarlo en zonas remotas

OpenAIRE

Delgado, E.; Peralta, J.; Barriga, A.

2009-01-01

Los objetivos principales de esta investigación son: • Dar a conocer la ventaja que tiene el uso de la utilización de la energía solar térmica para sistemas de secadores solares en la disminución de la humedad de los producto. • Valorar la importancia de la conservación energética y ambiental a través del uso de energía limpia. • Dar a conocer diseños de sistema de secado solar para alimentos, principalmente granos y frutas acorde a las características del producto, geográficas, técnicas y so...

Novo teste para diagnóstico das afasias

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José G. Albernaz

1953-06-01

Full Text Available Um novo teste para diagnóstico e contrôle do tratamento das diferentes formas de afasia, especialmente adaptado para a língua portuguêsa, é apresentado e descrito em detalhe. O teste, que será de valor para clínicos e psicólogos interessados no tratamento e reabilitação de pacientes afásicos, se executa em cêrca de 30 minutos, interpreta-se fàcilmente e fornece os elementos necessários para o planejamento da reeducação da linguagem. Além disso, a repetição do teste de tempos em tempos indicará os progressos do paciente e sugerirá modificações do plano de tratamento no momento oportuno.

Os motivos das relações entre orientação para mercado, orientação para aprendizagem e sucesso de novos produtos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauren do Couto Soares

2016-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os motivos das relações entre os construtos de orientação para mercado, orientação para aprendizagem e sucesso de novos produtos. Neste sentido, foram coletadas 32 entrevistas com executivos de empresas de setores representativos da economia brasileira. Os principais resultados indicam que: (1 grande parte dos motivos encontrados nas entrevistas corrobora as evidências levantadas na literatura; (2 algumas variáveis podem moderar as relações entre orientação para mercado, orientação para aprendizagem e sucesso de novos produtos, entre elas a motivação, a burocracia e os recursos humanos; e, (3 empresas que integram os construtos de orientação para mercado, orientação para aprendizagem e sucesso de novos produtos podem potencializar sua performance, facilitando a obtenção de uma vantagem competitiva sustentável.

Entrenamiento de fuerza para la salud

OpenAIRE

Ortiz Cervera, Vicente

1996-01-01

Este artículo describe de manera breve y clara los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza sobre la salud, al mismo tiempo da pautas para la realización y programación de los entrenamientos de fuerza para la salud en distintas edades. Se muestran las diferentes variables del entrenamiento de la fuerza junto con ejemplos de entrenamientos, basándose en las pautas marcadas en la revisión bibliográfica descrita.

Páginas web para el aprendizaje

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isabel ÁLVAREZ

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Este artículo plantea la construcción de paginas web como vehículo para facilitar la integracion de las tecnologias de la informacion y la comunicacion en el aula para futuros maestros. El término Página Web Coherente enfatiza la utilización de páginas cuyo objetivo principal es promover el aprendizaje siguiendo un proceso colaborativo, una estructura integradora y un contenido educativo.

Movement and equipositioning of plasmids by ParA filament disassembly

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ringgaard, Simon; van Zon, Jeroen; Howard, Martin

2009-01-01

, plasmids consistently migrate behind disassembling ParA cytoskeletal structures, suggesting that ParA filaments pull plasmids by depolymerization. The perpetual cycles of ParA assembly and disassembly result in continuous relocation of plasmids, which, on time averaging, results in equidistribution...

Contribuição para o estudo de sistemas de tratamento de água para abastecimento associados à remoção de compostos farmacêuticos

OpenAIRE

Cid, Joana Ferraz Leal de Sobral

2011-01-01

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, perfil Engenharia Sanitária Este trabalho pretende contribuir para o estudo de sistemas de tratamento de água para abastecimento associados à remoção de compostos farmacêuticos. Assim, para melhor compreender a importância da remoção dos compostos farmacêuticos da água para abastecimento surge uma abordagem sobre a presença dos compostos...

EL SOL COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA PRODUCIR ENERGÍA ELÉCTRICA: PROPUESTA PARQUE INFANTIL PARA LA CIUDAD DE CÚCUTA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karla Yohana Sánchez-Mojica

2015-06-01

Full Text Available La problemática del consumo descontrolado de energía eléctrica en el mundo y su constante crecimiento, es el escenario para el desarrollo de esta investigación que busca adelantar una propuesta para crear un parque infantil por parte de estudiantes de la Institución educativa Carlos Ramírez Paris, que funcione con energía solar como estrategia de sensibilización a la comunidad en general sobre el uso de energías limpias en la ciudad y en Colombia. Los estudiantes plantean la idea desde el programa ondas en una investigación que responde a una necesidad inmediata que los motiva como lo es un parque de diversiones público, sin embargo, es una alternativa para pensar en proyectos macro de desarrollo para la ciudad. Con esta propuesta se pretende diseñar una maqueta de un parque infantil a pequeña escala donde los estudiantes plasmen su iniciativa y se muestre la aplicación de la energía solar para el funcionamiento de algunos atractivos; una de los principales objetivos del proyecto es responder a la curiosidad de los estudiantes por saber cómo es el funcionamiento de este tipo de energía haciendo uso de los paneles solares.

El concepto de desarrollo y las propuestas de comunicación para el desarrollo: hojas de ruta de la comunicación para la paz

OpenAIRE

Sala Valdés, Cristina

2011-01-01

La comunicación para el desarrollo y la comunicación para la paz han evolucionado de forma paralela durante los últimos cuarenta años, siendo la comunicación para la paz un área menos explorada teóricamente y por tanto más asentada en la práctica. El repaso histórico y análisis de los paradigmas que han ido vertebrando tanto el concepto de desarrollo como el de comunicación para el desarrollo permiten descubrir cuáles son los ejes teóricos y prácticos que pueden orientar la comunicación para ...

Plan de Mercadeo para una “FinTech”.

OpenAIRE

Escalante Lee, Maria Alejandra

2016-01-01

Las empresas deben contar con una misión clara, estableciendo los objetivos de apoyo, diseñando una cartera de negocio sólida y coordinar sus estrategias a futuro, con el fin de cumplir las metas propuestas para entregar e intercambiar ofertas que tienen valor para los consumidores, clientes, socios y la sociedad en general. El presente trabajo de grado tiene como objetivo proponer un plan de mercadeo para la empresa Comyno una FinTech ubicada en Frankfurt am Main, en Alemania. Este tiene ...

Oxitocina: nuevas perspectivas para una droga antigua

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Steven L. CLARK

2010-12-01

Full Text Available La oxitocina es el medicamento más comúnmente asociada con la prevención de complicaciones perinatales y recientemente fue incluida por el Instituto para la Administración Medicamentosa Segura (Institute for Safe Medication Practices - ISMP en una pequeña lista de medicamentos “con alto grado de riesgos”, lo que puede “necesitar salvaguardas especiales para reducir el riesgo de error”. Las recomendaciones actuales para administrar este medicamento son vagas en relación a la indicación, tiempo de uso, dosis y el monitoreo de los efectos maternos y fetales. Una revisión de los datos clínicos y farmacológicos disponibles sugiere que las orientaciones específicas y basadas en evidencias para administrar oxitocina durante el parto puede derivarse de datos disponibles. Si implementadas, estas prácticas pueden reducir la probabilidad de daños al paciente. Esto sugiere el foco de las orientaciones para la administración electiva limitada de oxitocina, considerar estrategias que disminuyan la necesidad de usar oxitocina, confiar en terapéuticas de bajas dosis de oxitocina, la adhesión a definiciones semicuantitativas específicas sobre parto adecuado e inadecuado, y la aceptación de que, una vez que la actividad uterina adecuada sea alcanzada, es generalmente preferible esperar más tiempo que aumentar la infusión de oxitocina. El uso de protocolos conservadores y específicos para monitorear los efectos de la oxitocina en la madre y en el bebé tiende no sólo a aumentar los resultados, mas también a reducir los conflictos entre miembros del equipo obstétrico. Implementar estas orientaciones parece ser apropiada en una cultura cada vez más focalizada en la seguridad del paciente.

Estrategias de mercado para el frijol centroamericano

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Lourdes Mart\\u00EDnez

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Estrategias de mercado para el frijol centroamericano. En los últimos años, el sub-sector de frijol en Centro América ha sido testigo de varios cambios dinámicos. Si no se encuentran medidas para incrementar la competitividad regional de este sub-sector, los países centroamericanos experimentarán impactos negativos en las áreas sociales y económicas de considerable magnitud, especialmente ahora que Centro América necesita ajustar su economía a los nuevos requerimientos de mercados mas abiertos, como el Tratado Centroamericano de Libre Comercio con USA (TLC. Vendedores de frijoles a nivel intermediario y de consumo final, así como técnicos de oficinas gubernamentales dedicadas al mercadeo de frijoles en Centro América fueron entrevistados para documentar los cambios experimentados, identificar los obstáculos que frenan la viabilidad del sub-sector e identificar las oportunidades de incremento de mercados en el futuro para los productores y vendedores de frijol. Los resultados muestran que para que continúen siendo competitivos, los países centroamericanos deben incrementar la productividad a través del apoyo a las investigaciones para el mejoramiento de variedades de frijol, especialmente aquellas que los consumidores prefieren por características específicas (e.g. color. También es imprescindible el fortalecimiento de los programas de distribución de variedades mejoradas a los productores; las mejoras en la transmisión de información de mercado a los productores; el fortalecimiento de los contactos entre productores, comercializadores a nivel mayorista y supermercados; y una política más específica de apertura de mercados de exportación, especialmente con los Estados Unidos.

LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS EN AMÉRICA LATINA: POR QUÉ, PARA QUÉ Y PARA QUIÉN

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Carmen M. Rodríguez Salgado

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Los interrogantes por qué, para qué y para quién hacen que cobre vigencia la importancia de seguir luchando por el respeto y defensa de los Derechos Humanos en América Latina. En este artículo se examina la situación en la cual gobiernos supuestamente democráticos agreden de manera brutal a la población civil al imponer leyes que perdonan las violaciones pasadas, e implementan y promueven condiciones de vida en las que el 1/3 de la población latinoamericana vive debajo del límite de pobreza. Debemos analizar esto junto a la carencia total de algunos derechos básicos. La situación social de violencia económica-política, física y psicológica a la que cotidianamente están sometidos los argentinos, la desocupación estructural, las muertes evitables, no son episodios extraordinarios sino situaciones cotidianas. Lo anterior ejercita la continuidad del autoritarismo, la impunidad, la estigmatización y la discriminación. En el siglo XX los fascismos construyeron sobre la base del odio una comunidad para la muerte. El terror impuesto por la última dictadura militar en la Argentina se vuelve a vivir con un Estado que hace desaparecer a los ciudadanos de su lugar social. Los trabajadores de la salud, sostiene la autora de este artículo, deben participar activamente para generar políticas que permitan transformar esta sociedad, y reconoce la memoria como la forma de resistencia al olvido.

MÁS QUE TÁCTICAS PARA SOBREVIVIR

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ANA MARÍA ARBOLEDA ARANGO

2009-01-01

Full Text Available HOP es una empresa líder en suministros de oficina que enfrenta la problemática de contar con una gran variedad de eventos comerciales dirigidos a clientes de los diferentes canales. Permanentemente implementa nuevas tácticas para llegar al cliente y para estar notoriamente en el punto de venta. Sin embargo, la diversidad de actividades del canal está afectando su rentabilidad. Este comportamiento es sustentado por el departamento comercial como el único camino para ser competitivos. Además, la multiplicidad de actividades comerciales parece no estar jugando a favor sino en contra del cumplimento de los objetivos de venta. Con este marco, una serie de preguntas llevan al estudiante a pensar más allá de las tácticas con las que HOP reacciona en el día a día, para pasar a pensar en una estrategia comercial de largo plazo teniendo en cuenta un plan a tres años y una propuesta de evaluación y seguimiento.

AÇÕES EDUCATIVAS PARA TERCEIRA IDADE

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Rejane Millions Viana Meneses

2013-01-01

Full Text Available En el proceso del envejecimiento, anciano se enfrentan a la aparición de enfermedades crónicas que muchas veces reflejan en dificultades para el mantenimiento de la salud. En este contexto, es importante el trabajo con la tercera edad para promover la mejora del consiguiente estilo de vida. Este trabajo es un relato de experiencia de la ejecución de un proyecto de investigación de la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande do Norte , que lleva acciones educativas a la Asociación Inaraí (Natal/RN, con objetivo de divulgar actividades, así estimulando la formación de los grupos a que tienen como objetivo la promoción a salud de ancianos . Para desarrollar las acciones, según la informaciones recogidas en el perfil epidemiológico llevado previamente en la Asociación, por medio de reuniones semanales con anciano s, se buscó estimular buenos hábitos de vida , para llevar a cabo posible la mejora de lo estilo de vida y por lo tanto, promover salud de ese grupo.

The Regulation of para-Nitrophenol Degradation in Pseudomonas putida DLL-E4.

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Qiongzhen Chen

Full Text Available Pseudomonas putida DLL-E4 can efficiently degrade para-nitrophenol and its intermediate metabolite hydroquinone. The regulation of para-nitrophenol degradation was studied, and PNP induced a global change in the transcriptome of P. putida DLL-E4. When grown on PNP, the wild-type strain exhibited significant downregulation of 2912 genes and upregulation of 845 genes, whereas 2927 genes were downregulated and 891 genes upregulated in a pnpR-deleted strain. Genes related to two non-coding RNAs (ins1 and ins2, para-nitrophenol metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the outer membrane porin OprB, glucose dehydrogenase Gcd, and carbon catabolite repression were significantly upregulated when cells were grown on para-nitrophenol plus glucose. pnpA, pnpR, pnpC1C2DECX1X2, and pnpR1 are key genes in para-nitrophenol degradation, whereas pnpAb and pnpC1bC2bDbEbCbX1bX2b have lost the ability to degrade para-nitrophenol. Multiple components including transcriptional regulators and other unknown factors regulate para-nitrophenol degradation, and the transcriptional regulation of para-nitrophenol degradation is complex. Glucose utilization was enhanced at early stages of para-nitrophenol supplementation. However, it was inhibited after the total consumption of para-nitrophenol. The addition of glucose led to a significant enhancement in para-nitrophenol degradation and up-regulation in the expression of genes involved in para-nitrophenol degradation and carbon catabolite repression (CCR. It seemed that para-nitrophenol degradation can be regulated by CCR, and relief of CCR might contribute to enhanced para-nitrophenol degradation. In brief, the regulation of para-nitrophenol degradation seems to be controlled by multiple factors and requires further study.

R. S. Peters and the Periphery

Science.gov (United States)

Haynes, Bruce

2013-01-01

Paul Hirst claimed that Richard Peters "revolutionised philosophy of education". This does not accord with my experience in the Antipodean periphery. My experience of the work of Wittgenstein, Austin and Kovesi before reading Peters and Dewey, Kuhn and Toulmin subsequently meant that Peters was a major but not revolutionary figure in my…

Balancing Ideology and Feasibility: A Case Study on Adopting and Evaluating Open Access Publishing Models for a Society Journal within Philosophy

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Neuman, Yrsa; Laakso, Mikael

2017-01-01

Introduction: Open access, the notion that research output, such as journal articles, should be freely accessible to readers on the Web, is arguably in the best interest of science. In this article, we (1) describe in-depth how a society-owned philosophy journal, "Nordic Wittgenstein Review," evaluated various publishing models and made…

Baz, Avner: When Words Are Called For A Defense of Ordinary Language Philosophy, Harvard University Press, 2012

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Tomeček, Marek

2015-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 1 (2015), s. 76-88 ISSN 1804-0969 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP401/11/0371 Institutional support: RVO:67985955 Keywords : epistemology * ordinary language philosophy * J. L. Austin * Wittgenstein Subject RIV: AA - Philosophy ; Religion http://filosofiednes.ff.uhk.cz/index.php/hen/article/view/191

Can Certainties Be Acquired at Will? Implications for Children's Assimilation of a World-Picture

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Ariso, Jose Maria

2016-01-01

After describing Wittgenstein's notion of "certainty", in this article I provide four arguments to demonstrate that no certainty can be acquired at will. Specifically, I argue that, in order to assimilate a certainty, it is irrelevant whether the individual concerned (1) has found a ground that seemingly justifies that certainty; (2) has…

Engagement in Dialogue: Tracing Our Connections or Speaking across the Space Between?

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Alford, Leslie Maurice

2018-01-01

In this paper I contrast conceptions of self from two perspectives: an individualistic orientation and a communitarian approach. In doing so, the philosophical justification is Wittgenstein's idea that individualism is produced and reinforced as a way of being, thinking and interacting in community. With this contextual frame, I argue that we are…

Why is there Philosophy of Mathematics AT ALL? | Hacking | South ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mathematics plays an inordinate role in the work of many of famous Western philosophers, from the time of Plato, through Husserl and Wittgenstein, and even to the present. Why? This paper points to the experience of learning or making mathematics, with an emphasis on proof. It distinguishes two sources of the perennial ...