Initial temperature distribution in Los Humeros, Mexico, geothermal field; Distribucion de temperatura inicial en el campo geotermico de Los Humeros, Puebla

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Garcia, A; Arellano, V; Aragon, A; Barragan, R.M; Izquierdo, G [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Temixco, Morelos (Mexico); Pizano, A [Comision federal de Electricidad, Los Humeros, Puebla (Mexico)

2000-12-01

The initial formation temperatures surrounding 40 wells from the Los Humeros geothermal field are presented. These temperatures were estimated using the Horner and the sphere methods. A brief discussion on the applicability of each method is presented and previous applications are detailed. Then the more likely reservoir temperature of each well versus elevation is plotted based on the estimations about the main feed zone and the temperature of each well. The boiling with depth curve for pure water is also included. Two longitudinal and one traverse geological sections are presented to illustrate the field initial temperature distribution, the lithology and layers thickness, the basement topography and the wells traversed along each sections. Also, the main feed zones of the wells are indicated. Finally, the last series of measured temperature logs in well H-26 are produced by numerical simulation. This considers the well circulation losses and an assumed initial temperature profile. This profile iteratively modified until the computed profiles match the measured temperature profiles. The last assumed temperature profile is then considered as the best approximation to the undisturbed formation temperature around well H-26 and it is then compared with the stabilized temperatures obtained via the Horner and Sphere methods. [Spanish] Se presentan las temperaturas iniciales o estabilizadas de la formacion circundante a 40 pozos del campo geotermico Los Humeros, las cuales se estimaron mediante los metodos de Horner y el metodo de la esfera. Se presenta una discusion sobre la aplicacion de cada metodo y se detallan las aplicaciones previas del metodo de la esfera. Posteriormente y con base en las estimaciones de las principales zonas de aporte de cada pozo y sus correspondientes temperaturas se grafican las temperaturas mas probables de yacimiento para cada pozo contra la elevacion y se incluye en la misma grafica la curva de ebullicion del agua contra la elevacion. Se

Chemical and isotopic characteristics of rainwater at Los Humeros geothermal field, Puebla, Mexico and surrounding areas; Caracteristicas quimicas e isotopicas del agua de lluvia en el campo geotermico de Los Humeros, Puebla, Mexico y zonas aledanas

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Tovar Aguado, Rigoberto; Cruz Grajales, Irma [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Los Humeros, Puebla (Mexico)

2000-12-01

A study of chemical and isotopic characteristics of rainwater at Los Humeros geothermal field was undertaken for the second consecutive year. Samples were collected in seven stations-two inside the field and five on the periphery. In 1996, a total of 99 samples were collected and 104 were collected in 1997. Of these, 19-18.26% of the total-had a negative alkalinity. The Atempan (No.5) and Campamento (No.1) stations showed the highest number of anomalous samples (31.25 and 27.8%, respectively). Anomalous samples in Perote station were not observed a result that we attribute to the predominant wind direction. The results for the Campamento station are attributed to the thermal inversion phenomena occurring when the samples with negative alkalinity were obtained. Concentrations of cations in some samples were relatively high, with the maximum concentration of calcium in the Los Humeros station (79.7 ppm) . Other significantly high values were found in the Texcal station (34.8 ppm) and Perote (33.8 ppm) due to the presence of dust particles scattered in the air and because of the lack of pavement where the sampling stations are located. Another factor affecting these figures could be the presence of block and lime factories in the neighborhood. Although measured concentrations may seem high, reports exist with similar concentrations in nongeothermal areas. Oxygen-18 and deuterium contents were determined for each stations, mixing anomalous samples. The results show that the most enriched samples correspond to the San Juan Xiutetelco, Puebla (No. 6) station and the minimum to the Perote Veracruz (No. 7) station. The concentration of SO{sub 4} has marine and industrial origins, with a contribution of the first source ranging between 10 and 25 percent. [Spanish] En el campo geotermico de Los Humeros, Puebla se realizo, por segundo ano consecutivo, la caracterizacion quimica e isotopica de agua de lluvia en muestras colectadas en siete estaciones, dos localizadas dentro

Chemical changes in well fluids from the Los Humeros geothermal field: Evidences for deep recharge; Cambios quimicos en fluidos de pozos del campo geotermico de Los Humeros: Evidencia de recarga profunda

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Barragan Reyes, Rosa Maria; Arellano Gomez, Victor Manuel [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Gerencia de Geotermia, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)]. E-mail: rmb@iie.org.mx; Flores Armenta, Magaly [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Gerencia de Proyectos Geotermoelectricos, Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico); Tovar Aguado, Rigoberto [Comision Federal de Electricidad (Mexico)

2008-07-15

Fluid (water and steam) chemical changes over time were studied in 20 wells in the Los Humeros, Mexico, geothermal field for the purpose of correlating such changes with physical processes occurring in the reservoir due to exploitation. Most wells (except well H-1) produce high-enthalpy fluids with almost no liquid, making gas geochemistry important in this field. Liquid-phase studies include fluid classification, determination of water-rock equilibrium state, and reservoir-temperature estimates. Changes in gas composition through time were studied using the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reaction and the combined balance pyrite-hematite-magnetite (HSH2) as the buffer controlling H{sub 2}S fluid concentration. Data for most wells from 1987-1995 and 2000-2005 indicate the presence of deeper-fluid recharge, with maximum temperatures occurring in 1994-95 and 2005. The estimated temperature in well H-1 in 1994 was 305 degrees Celsius and the estimated temperature in well H-7 was 338 degrees Celsius in 1995. Temperature estimations from 2005 data were 222 degrees Celsius in well H-1D and 350 degrees Celsius in well H-7. These results are considered caused by the entrance of deeper fluids due to the increase of secondary permeability, which in turn is related to the seismicity increase in the zone. At the same time, re-injection returns in the steam phase were identified in well discharges during 1995-2000 by means of the FT-HSH2 diagram. [Spanish] Se realizo un estudio de los cambios quimicos ocurridos en fluidos (liquido y vapor) de veinte pozos del campo geotermico de Los Humeros, Pue., Mexico, con objeto de investigar la ocurrencia de procesos del yacimiento relacionados con la explotacion. La mayoria de los pozos (excepto el pozo H-1) se caracterizan por producir descargas de alta entalpia con escasa produccion de liquido, por lo que en este campo la geoquimica de gases juega un papel importante. El estudio de la fase liquida incluyo la clasificacion de los fluidos, la

Geochemical and isotopic behavior of fluids from wells in Los Humeros geothermal field, Puebla, Mexico; Comportamiento geoquimico e isotopico del fluido de los pozos del campo geotermico Los Humeros, Puebla, Mexico

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Tovar Aguado, Rigoberto; Lopez Romero, Oscar [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Los Humeros, Puebla (Mexico)

1999-12-01

In general the wells in Los Humeros geothermal fields produce sodium bicarbonate water with a low salinity because the fluids are produced from the shallow part of the reservoir. The fluids in wells H-33 and H-6 are sodium chloride: the first influenced by fluids from deep levels in the reservoir and the second by fluids coming only from the deeps part of the reservoir. Fluid mixture for other wells depends on operating conditions. To date, it has been difficult with the geothermetric temperatures to establish the underground flow directions and whether or not an infiltration of shallow low-temperature fluids occurs. Well H-16 has the lowest-temperature fluid in the liquid phase, which suggests infiltration of shallow local fluids-a result corroborated by an isotopic study. Using the methodology of Giggenbach and Goguel, we found that the gases are in equilibrium with the liquid phase at temperatures between 275 and 325 Celsius degrees. The maximum temperature is measured in wells H-12 and H-9, where good agreement exists between this temperature and those calculated with a geothermometer of CO{sub 2}/H{sub 2} . Isotopic results show, in general, that the wells with the highest levels of oxygen-18 are those with the highest geothermetric temperatures (CO{sub 2}/H{sub 2})- both in the north (H-35 and H-9) and in the south (H-6 and H-12)-results that agree with the temperatures measured in the field. The initial thermodynamic conditions of the wells show that they produce fluids from the liquid region. This fact, together with the low salinity, permit the application of the D' Amore methodology, with which the estimations of vapor fractions in the reservoir are relatively low. [Spanish] En general, los pozos del campo geotermico de Los Humeros producen agua del tipo bicarbonato sodico con baja salinidad. Esto se debe a que extraen fluidos de la parte somera del yacimiento. Los pozos H-33 y H-6 son clorurados sodicos; el primero por cierta influencia de la zona

The Significance of Acid Alteration in the Los Humeros High-Temperature Geothermal Field, Puebla, Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Elders, W. A.; Izquierdo, G.

2014-12-01

The Los Humeros geothermal field is a high-enthalpy hydrothermal system with more than 40 drilled deep wells, mostly producing high steam fractions at > 300oC. However, although it has a large resource potential, low permeability and corrosive acid fluids have hampered development so that it currently has an installed electrical generating capacity of only 40 MWe. The widespread production of low pH fluids from the reservoir is inconsistent with the marked absence in the reservoir rocks of hydrothermal minerals typical of acid alteration. Instead the hydrothermal alteration observed is typical of that due to neutral to alkaline pH waters reacting with the volcanic rocks of the production zones. Thus it appears that since the reservoir has recently suffered a marked drop in fluid pressure and is in process of transitioning from being water-dominated to being vapor-dominated. However sparse examples of acid leaching are observed locally at depths of about 2 km in the form of bleached, intensely silicified zones, in low permeability and very hot (>350oC) parts of reservoir. Although these leached rocks retain their primary volcanic and pyroclastic textures, they are altered almost entirely to microcrystalline quartz, with some relict pseudomorphs of plagioclase phenocrysts and traces of earlier-formed hydrothermal chlorite and pyrite. These acid-altered zones are usually only some tens of meters thick and deeper rocks lack such silicification. The acid fluids responsible for their formation could either be magmatic volatiles, or could be formed during production (e.g. reaction of water and salts forming hydrogen chloride by hydrolysis at high temperatures). The very high boron content of the fluids produced by the Los Humeros wells suggests that their ultimate source is most likely magmatic gases. However, these acid gases did not react widely with the rocks. We suggest that the silicified zones are forming locally where colder descending waters are encountering

Seismologic study of Los Humeros geothermal field, Puebla, Mexico. Part II: Seismic tomography by attenuation of coda waves (Qc-1) of local earthquakes; Estudio sismologico del campo geotermico de Los Humeros, Puebla, Mexico. Parte II: Tomografia sismica por atenuacion a partir de ondas de coda (Qc-1) de sismos locales

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Antayhua, Yanet; Lermo, Javier [Instituto de Ingenieria, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, D.F (Mexico); Carlos, Vargas [Departamento de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Colombia)]. E-mail: jles@pumas.iingen.unam.mx

2008-07-15

In the Los Humeros geothermal field, Puebla, seismic tomography has been studied using the attenuation of coda waves (Qc{sup -1}). Ninety-five local earthquakes (Md{<=}3.6) have been used with depths up to 4.0 km registered in the seismic network stations from December 1997 to December 2004. A simple backscattering model was used, filtered in four ranks of frequencies (2, 4, 6, and 8 Hz) and one window of 5 seconds. For the 3D-representation, we used an approximation based on first-order scattering of ellipsoids. The results show that values of Qc for the used frequencies have a frequency dependency shown in the equation: Qc=24{+-}12f{sup 0.86}{+-}{sup 0.06}, where the low values of Qc were observed in the zone of higher seismic and tectonic activity and in the location of injection and production wells. The high values are located in the periphery of the geothermal field. The distribution of the Qc{sup -1} attenuation in 3D and 2D shows the anomalies of high-seismic attenuation are located in the north, south, and southwestern ends of the zone presently under operation, at depths greater than 2.5 km. [Spanish] Para realizar la tomografia sismica por atenuacion de ondas de coda (Qc{sup -1}) en el campo geotermico de Los Humeros, Puebla, se han utilizado 95 sismos locales (Md{<=}3.6) con profundidades hasta 4.0 km, registrados en las estaciones de su red sismica, durante el periodo de diciembre 1997 a diciembre 2004. Se utilizo el modelo de retrodispersion simple, filtrados en cuatro rangos de frecuencias (2, 4, 6, y 8 Hz) y una ventana de 5 segundos. Para la representacion en 3D, se utilizo una aproximacion basada en elipsoides que representan dispersion de primer orden. Los resultados muestran que los valores de Qc para las frecuencias utilizadas tienen una dependencia con la frecuencia de la forma: Qc=24{+-}12f{sup 0.86}{+-}{sup 0.06}, donde los valores bajos de Qc fueron observados en la zona de mayor actividad sismica y en la ubicacion de pozos inyectores y

Analysis of production data and fluid thermodynamic conditions in wells of Los Humeros, Pue; Analisis de datos de produccion y condiciones termodinamicas del fluido de alimentacion de pozos de Los Humeros, Pue.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arellano Gomez, Victor Manuel; Aragon Aguilar, Alfonso; Barragan Reyes, Rosa Maria [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Gerencia de Geotermia, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico); Flores Armenta, Magaly; Ramirez Montes, Miguel [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Gerencia de Proyectos Geotermoelectricos, Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico); Tovar Aguado, Rigoberto [Comision Federal de Electricidad (Mexico)]. E-mail: vag@iie.org.mx

2008-07-15

Production data from 22 wells of the Los Humeros geothermal field in Puebla, Mexico, were analyzed to estimate the thermodynamic conditions (pressure and enthalpy) of the bottom-hole fluids entering the wells and the changes to the fluids after exploitation. The bottom-well conditions were obtained by simulating the production histories of the wells, using the WELLSIM numerical simulator. The reservoir temperature was estimated by the FT-HSH2 gas-equilibrium method, which provided values matching very well the measured-well temperatures under static conditions. To estimate the rates of change of the well-bottom thermodynamic variables-pressure and enthalpy-the linear and the harmonic methods were used. According to these models, overall results indicated pressure-decline rates of between 0.92 (linear method) and 1.03 bar/year (harmonic method), average enthalpy increases of between 9.4 (linear) and 10.3 (harmonic) kJ/kg/year, and a temperature increase of about 1.2 degrees Celsius/year (linear method). These rates of parameter change were considered moderate, likely due to recharge from the deeper reservoir. The wells showing higher-pressure declines were H-35, H-1, and H-1D; and the wells showing higher-enthalpy increases were H-1D, H-3D, and H-19D. Most wells showed temperature increases, although a temperature decrease was noticed in wells H-16R and H-36, probably due to mechanical damage in the wells or weak communication with the deeper reservoir. [Spanish] Se realizo un analisis de los datos de produccion de 22 pozos del campo geotermico de Los Humeros, Pue., Mexico, con objeto de estimar las condiciones termodinamicas (presion y entalpia) de sus fluidos de alimentacion y su evolucion en el tiempo como respuesta a la explotacion. Las condiciones a fondo de pozo se obtuvieron al simular las historias de produccion de los pozos mediante el simulador numerico WELLSIM. La temperatura de fondo se estimo mediante el metodo de equilibrio gaseoso FT-HSH2 ya que fue

Drilling of bilateral wells: analysis and selection of wells in the Los Humeros, Pue., geothermal field; Perforacion de pozos bilaterales: analisis y seleccion de pozos en el campo geotermico de Los Humeros, Pue.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Flores Armenta, Magaly del Carmen; Ramirez Montes, Miguel [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Gerencia de Proyectos Geotermoelectricos, Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico)]. E-mail: miguel.ramirez02@cfe.gob.mx

2010-01-15

Drilling bilateral geothermal wells has been conducted successfully in fields in the U.S., the Philippines and Japan, among other places. The reason for drilling a second leg in a well is to increase production by penetrating additional production zones. In this report, criteria are presented for selecting wells in Los Humeros, Pue., geothermal field to be considered for a second leg, taking into account the mechanical condition of the wells, geological targets, distances between wells, production characteristics and thermodynamic conditions. The cases of wells H-3, H-8, H-11, H-16, H-33, H-34 and H-36, which have low production, were reviewed. Wells H-3, H-8 and H-34 were selected as the best subjects for bi-directional drilling. A design is proposed for constructing a second leg in well H-8. [Spanish] La perforacion de pozos bilaterales se ha venido realizando de manera exitosa en campos geotermicos de Estados Unidos, Filipinas y Japon, entre otros. El objetivo de perforar una segunda pierna en un mismo pozo es incrementar su produccion, ya que habran mas zonas de produccion. En este reporte se presentan los criterios para la seleccion de pozos del campo geotermico de Los Humeros, Pue., candidatos para una segunda pierna, considerando el estado mecanico de los mismos, los objetivos geologicos, la distancia entre pozos, sus caracteristicas de produccion y sus condiciones termodinamicas. Para ello se revisaron los casos de los pozos H-3, H-8, H-11, H-16, H-33, H-34 y H-36, que presentan una produccion baja. Posteriormente, aplicando los criterios de evaluacion y con la informacion obtenida de cada pozo, se seleccionaron los pozos H-3, H-8 y H-34 como los que presentan mejores condiciones para la perforacion bidireccional. Finalmente, se establecio un diseno para la construccion de una segunda pierna en el pozo H-8.

Initial isotopic geochemistry ({delta} 18 O, {delta} D) of fluids from wells of the Los Humeros, Pue., geothermal field; Geoquimica isotopica ({delta} 18 O, {delta} D) inicial de fluidos de pozos del campo geotermico de Los Humeros, Pue.

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Barragan Reyes, Rosa Maria; Arellano Gomez, Victor Manuel [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Gerencia de Geotermia, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)]. E-mail: rmb@iie.org.mx; Ramirez Montes, Miguel; Tovar Aguado, Rigoberto [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Gerencia de Proyectos Geotermoelectricos, Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico)

2010-01-15

Isotopic data ({delta} 18 O, {delta} D) from fluids from production wells at the Los Humeros, Pue., geothermal field were analyzed to investigate the possible origin of these fluids and the dominant processes of the reservoir at its initial state. According to pre-exploitation data, it is suggested the Los Humeros reservoir fluids are made of a mixture of meteoric water of very light isotopic composition (paleo-fluids) and andesitic water. The relationship {delta} D vs {delta} 18 O from pre-exploitation data indicates the produced fluids are composed of a mixture of (at least) two fluids with distinct isotopic compositions. At the more enriched end of the mixing relationship are the isotopic compositions of the wells H-23 and H-18 (located in the southern area of the field), while the lighter fluids were found in well H-16 (originally) and then in well H-16 (repaired). It was found that the liquid phases of deep wells are more enriched in {delta} 18 O while the shallow wells present lower values, suggesting a convection process at the initial state. Based on this isotopic profile, it is considered that even the production depths of the wells H-1, H-12 and H-16 (repaired) are just about the same, but their respective isotopic compositions are quite different. The {delta} 18 O value for well H-16 (repaired) seems to be that of condensate steam, while the corresponding values for wells H-1 and H-12 fall within the value interval of the deep wells (H-23). This suggests wells H-1 and H-12 are collecting very deep fluids enriched in {delta} 18 O. These results could be useful in creating a conceptual model of the reservoir. [Spanish] Se analizaron datos isotopicos ({delta}18 O, {delta}D) de los fluidos de pozos productores del campo geotermico de Los Humeros, Pue., para investigar el posible origen de los fluidos asi como los procesos dominantes del yacimiento en su estado inicial. De acuerdo con datos previos a la explotacion, se plantea que los fluidos del yacimiento

Chemical variation in hydrothermal minerals of the Los Humeros geothermal system, Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martinez-Serrano, R.G. [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico). Insituto de Geofisica

2002-10-01

The Los Humeros geothermal system is composed of more than 2200 m of Quaternary altered volcanic rocks and an underlying Cretaceous sedimentary sequence. The low salinity of the fluids discharged at present (Na{sup +} and Cl{sup -} concentrations <500 ppm), and the excess steam, indicate that the reservoir contains a mixture of steam and dilute groundwater. Water-rock equilibrium is not attained. Hydrothermal minerals are present in veinlets, vugs, and replacing primary minerals. Three mineral zones are recognized: 1) a shallow argillic zone (<400 m depth), 2) a propylitic zone (ranging between 500 and 1800 m) and 3) a skarn zone (>1800 m). Petrographic examination of cuttings from five wells and temperature data indicate at least two stages of hydrothermal activity. Temperature is the main factor that affects the chemical composition of chlorite, epidote and biotite. Fe{sup 2+} and Al{sup IV} increase in chlorite with temperature [from 1.4 formula position unit (fpu) to 2.8, and from 0.7 to 2.4 fpu, respectively]. The pistacite content of epidote varies from 18 to 33 mol% in high-temperature regions (>270 {sup o}C) and from 13 to 26 mol% in low-temperature regions (<250 {sup 0}C). Biotite displays a slight increase in Al{sup IV} contents (1.55-2.8) and octahedral occupancy (5.93-6.0 fpu) with temperature. Whole rock composition and variations in oxygen fugacity condition are factors that also affect the concentrations of Fe, Al and Mg in the octahedral sites of chlorite, epidote, biotite and amphiboles. Chemical variations observed in alteration minerals at different depths in the Colapso Central-Xalapazco region could be used as indicator of relict physico-chemical conditions in the reservoir, before the present economic exploitation. (author)

Reappraisal of Los Humeros Volcanic Complex by New U/Th Zircon and 40Ar/39Ar Dating: Implications for Greater Geothermal Potential

Science.gov (United States)

Carrasco-Núñez, G.; Bernal, J. P.; Dávila, P.; Jicha, B.; Giordano, G.; Hernández, J.

2018-01-01

Longevity and size of magmatic systems are fundamental factors for assessing the potential of a geothermal field. At Los Humeros volcanic complex (LHVC), the first caldera-forming event was reported at 460 ± 40 ka. New zircon U/Th and plagioclase 40Ar/39Ar dates of pre-, syn- and postcaldera volcanics allow a reappraisal of the evolution of the geothermally active LHVC. The age of the voluminous Xaltipan ignimbrite (115 km3 dense rock equivalent [DRE]) associated with the formation of the Los Humeros caldera is now constrained by two geochronometers (zircon U/Th and plagioclase 40Ar/39Ar dating) to 164 ± 4.2 ka, which postdates a long episode of precaldera volcanism (rhyolitic domes), the oldest age of which is 693.0 ± 1.9 ka (40Ar/39Ar). The inferred short residence time (around 5 ka) for the paroxysmal Xaltipan ignimbrite is indicative of rapid assembly of a large magma body and rejuvenation of the system due to recurrent recharge magmas, as it has been occurred in some other large magmatic systems. Younger ages than previously believed have been obtained also for the other voluminous explosive phases of the Faby fall tuff at ˜70 ka and the second caldera-forming Zaragoza ignimbrite with 15 km3 DRE, which erupted immediately after. Thus, the time interval that separates the two caldera-forming episodes at Los Humeros is only 94 kyr, which is a much shorter interval than suggested by previous K-Ar dates (410 kyr). This temporal proximity allows us to propose a caldera stage encompassing the Xaltipan and the Zaragoza ignimbrites, followed by emplacement at 44.8 ± 1.7 ka of rhyolitic magmas interpreted to represent a postcaldera, resurgent stage. Rhyolitic eruptions have also occurred during the Holocene (˜1,200 km3) and these new ages indicating much younger caldera-forming volcanism than previously believed are fundamental factors in the application of classical conductive models of heat resource, enhancing the heat production capacity and favor a higher

Results of test of acid fluids neutralization in the well H-43, Los Humeros geothermal field, Puebla; Resultados de la prueba de neutralizacion de fluidos acidos en el pozo H-43, campo geotermico de Los Humeros, Puebla

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Flores Armenta, Magaly del Carmen; Ramirez Montes, Miguel; Sandoval Medina, Fernando; Rosales Lopez, Cesar [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Gerencia de Proyectos Geotermoelectricos, Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico)]. E-mail: magaly.flores@cfe.gob.mx

2011-07-15

The well H-43 was drilled in Los Humeros Geothermal Field, Pue., in 2007 and 2008. When well production was measured, it was found the well produced acid fluids with high corrosion potential. Then it was decided to try to neutralize the acidity of the H-43 fluids by adding a solution of sodium hydroxide. This is a basic substance used to neutralize mainly the acid groups H+, and the goal was to raise the pH of the fluids to minimize its corrosive features. First sodium hydroxide was injected into the well to protect the casing of 244.4 mm (9 5/8 in) against corrosion and then all the surface installations. It was possible to increase the pH of the well fluid from 5.2 up to 6.8 without altering the steam production, thus demonstrating the neutralization procedure is feasible. The approximate costs of the neutralization tests performed, including equipment for the proposed neutralization system, the neutralizer (NaOH), and drilling the well are about 71.4 million pesos (around 5.5 million USD). We estimate a benefit/cost ratio of 1.5 and a return on investment in five years, considering the income from energy sales at present value. [Spanish] El pozo H-43 fue perforado en el campo de Los Humeros, Pue., en 2007-2008, y al evaluar su produccion se encontro que producia fluidos acidos de alto potencial corrosivo. Se decidio por tanto realizar una prueba para neutralizar la acidez de los fluidos de este pozo, que consistio en agregarle una solucion de hidroxido de sodio. Esta es una sustancia basica que neutraliza principalmente los grupos acidos H+, con lo que se buscaba aumentar el pH del fluido lo necesario para reducir al maximo su caracter corrosivo. La inyeccion del hidroxido de sodio se realizo dentro del pozo a fin de proteger de la corrosion a la tuberia de revestimiento de 244.4 mm (9 5/8 pulgadas), y posteriormente a todos los equipos superficiales. Como resultado de la prueba, se logro aumentar el pH del fluido producido por el pozo de 5.2 a un maximo de 6

Update of Geothermics in Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gutierrez Negrin, Luis C.A.; Quijano Leon, Jose Luis [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico)

2004-12-01

Four geothermal fields are currently operating in Mexico (Cerro Prieto, Los Azufres, Los Humeros and Las Tres Virgenes), with a total installed geothermal-electric capacity of 953 megawatts (MW). This means the country is located in third place, worldwide, just behind the USA and Philippines. Thirty-six power plants of several types (condensing, back pressure and binary cycle), between 1.5 and 110 MW, operate in the fields, fed by 197 wells with a combined production of 7,700 metric tons of steam per hour (t/h). These production wells have depths between 600 and 4,400 meters. Steam comes with 8,750 t/h of brine that is injected through 19 injection wells or treated in a solar evaporation pond of 14 km2 in Cerro Prieto. During 2003, steam produced in those fields equaled 67.5 million metric tons, and the power plants generated 6,282 gigawatt-hours (GWh), which represented 3.1% of the electric energy produced in Mexico. All the power plants and the geothermal fields are operated bye the public utility, the Comision Federal de Electricidad (Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE)). [Spanish] Actualmente se operan en Mexico cuatro campos geotermicos (Cerro Prieto, Los Azufres, Los Humeros y Las Tres Virgenes), con una capacidad geotermoelectrica total de 953 megawatts (MW). Esto coloca al pais en el tercer lugar mundial, detras de Estados Unidos y Filipinas. En esos campos operan treinta y seis unidades de tipos diversos (a condensacion, a contrapresion y de ciclo binario), entre 1.5 y 110 MW, alimentadas por 197 pozos con una produccion combinada de 7,700 toneladas de vapor por hora (t/h). Estos pozos productores tienen profundidades entre 600 y 4,400 metros. El vapor sale acompanado por 8,750 t/h de salmuera, que se inyecta en 19 pozos inyectores o se trata en una laguna de evaporacion solar de 14 km2 en Cerro Prieto. Durante 2003 el vapor producido en los campos sumo 67.5 millones de toneladas y las unidades generaron 6,282 gigawatts-hora (GWh), lo que represento el

Proposal to neutralize acid fluids from wells in the Los Humeros, Pue., geothermal field; Propuesta para la neutralizacion de fluidos acidos provenientes de pozos del campo geotermico de Los Humeros, Pue.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Flores Armenta, Magaly del Carmen; Ramirez Montes, Miguel; Garcia Cuevas, Juan Manuel [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Gerencia de Proyectos Geotermoelectricos, Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico)]. E-mail: magaly.flores@cfe.gob.mx

2009-07-15

Neutralizing an acidic fluid consists of adding a sodium hydroxide solution to neutralize the H group of acids, therefore increasing the pH. The injection of sodium hydroxide has to be continuous and at a proper depth inside the well to protect against the corrosion of casing and surface equipment. Neutralization is a common practice used in geothermal fields, such as at The Geysers in the US and Miravalles in Costa Rica-places where aggressive fluids cause problems for extracting and using geothermal fluids commercially. A zone surrounding wells H-4, H-16 and H-29 in the northern section of the Los Humeros, Pue., geothermal field, known as the Colapso Central, has shown evidence of aggressively acidic fluids. Several wells drilled in the area had to be repaired, thus plugging and isolating the deepest production zones. Well H-43 was drilled two years ago in the northern zone of the field, and even though it is not located in the aggressive-fluid zone, the well presents mineralogical features possibly indicating the presence of acidic fluids. Therefore, before producing this well it has been proposed we install a neutralization system with general characteristics presented in this paper. The system will prevent corrosion that up to now has prevented exploitation of the deep portion of Colapso Central, helping to develop the field in a more profitable way. [Spanish] Neutralizar un fluido acido consiste en agregarle una solucion de hidroxido de sodio. Esto neutraliza el grupo de acidos H y en consecuencia aumenta el pH. La inyeccion de hidroxido de sodio se realiza de manera continua y a una profundidad adecuada dentro del pozo para proteger a la tuberia y a todo el equipo superficial contra la corrosion. La neutralizacion es una practica comun que se viene realizando en campos como Los Geysers en Estados Unidos y en Miravalles, Costa Rica, donde la presencia de fluidos agresivos causa problemas en la extraccion y aprovechamiento del fluido geotermico con fines

Structural analysis and thermal remote sensing of the Los Humeros Volcanic Complex: Implications for volcano structure and geothermal exploration

Science.gov (United States)

Norini, G.; Groppelli, G.; Sulpizio, R.; Carrasco-Núñez, G.; Dávila-Harris, P.; Pellicioli, C.; Zucca, F.; De Franco, R.

2015-08-01

The Los Humeros Volcanic Complex (LHVC) is an important geothermal target in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Understanding the structure of the LHVC and its influence on the occurrence of thermal anomalies and hydrothermal fluids is important to get insights into the interplay between the volcano-tectonic setting and the characteristics of the geothermal resources in the area. In this study, we present a structural analysis of the LHVC, focused on Quaternary tectonic and volcano-tectonic features, including the areal distribution of monogenetic volcanic centers. Morphostructural analysis and structural field mapping revealed the geometry, kinematics and dynamics of the structural features in the study area. Also, thermal infrared remote sensing analysis has been applied to the LHVC for the first time, to map the main endogenous thermal anomalies. These data are integrated with newly proposed Unconformity Bounded Stratigraphic Units, to evaluate the implications for the structural behavior of the caldera complex and geothermal field. The LHVC is characterized by a multistage formation, with at least two major episodes of caldera collapse: Los Humeros Caldera (460 ka) and Los Potreros Caldera (100 ka). The study suggests that the geometry of the first collapse recalls a trap-door structure and impinges on a thick volcanic succession (10.5-1.55 Ma), now hosting the geothermal reservoir. The main ring-faults of the two calderas are buried and sealed by the widespread post-calderas volcanic products, and for this reason they probably do not have enough permeability to be the main conveyers of the hydrothermal fluid circulation. An active, previously unrecognized fault system of volcano-tectonic origin has been identified inside the Los Potreros Caldera. This fault system is the main geothermal target, probably originated by active resurgence of the caldera floor. The active fault system defines three distinct structural sectors in the caldera floor, where the

Productive fluid intervals in wells H-35 and H-39, Los Humeros geothermal field, Puebla (Mexico); Intervalos productores de fluidos en los pozos H-35 y H-39 del campo geotermico Los Humeros, Puebla, Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Medina Martinez, Moises [Comision Federal de Electridad, Perote, Veracruz (Mexico)

2000-12-01

This paper presents the results of log interpretations using the percentage method to define the productive fluid intervals in wells H-35 and H-39. These were identified with pressure, temperature and flow rate (PTS) electronic logs, used for the first time in this field. The test were carried out with the well integrated to the electrical generation units. Well H-35 fed steam to Units 1, 4, 5 and 7 through a plate with a restriction orifice diameter of 50.8 mm (2 inches), a well head pressure of 45 bars and a mass flow rate of 40 t/h. Well H-39 fed steam to Unit 3 through plate with a restriction orifice diameter of 50.8 mm (2 inches), a well head pressure of 27 bars and a mass flow rate of 30 t/h. [Spanish] Se presenta la intervencion realizada por el metodo de porcentajes para definir los intervalos productores de fluidos en los pozos H-35 y H-39. El estudio se hizo a partir de datos obtenidos con una sonda electronica de presion, temperatura y velocidad de flujo (PTS), utilizada por primera vez en este campo. En ambos casos se realizaron las pruebas con el pozo integrado a las unidades de generacion electrica, el primero suministra vapor para las Unidades 1, 4, 5 y 7 a traves de una placa de orificio de restriccion de 50.8 mm (2 pulgadas) de diametro, con presion de cabezal de 45 bar manometricos y un gasto de mezcla de 40 t/h. El segundo alimenta a la Unidad 3, fluye por orificio de 50.8 mm (2 pulgadas) de diametro y produce 30 t/h de mezcla con una presion en la cabeza de 27 bar.

Geothermics and neural networks: A first approach; Geotermia y redes neuronales: Una primera aproximacion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Flores Armenta, Magaly del Carmen [Gerencia de Proyectos Geotermoelectricos de la Comision Federal de Electricidad, Morelia (Mexico); Barragan Orbe, Carlos [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1995-09-01

Neural networks have been hailed as the greatest technological advance since the transistor. They are predicted to be a common household item by the year 2000. This new form of machine intelligence is able to solve problems, without using rules of math, they only need examples to learn from. The first geothermal problem, to solve with this powerful tool, is the prediction of liquid and steam production, as well as the well`s termination in Los Humeros, Puebla, Mexico. The first attempt shows the learning`s capacity of the developed model, and its precision on the predictions that were done. [Espanol] Las redes neuronales se consideran como uno de los mas grandes avances tecnologicos desde la invencion del transistor, de tal forma que se perfilan como una de las herramientas mas comunes del ano 2000. Esta nueva forma de inteligencia artificial es capaz de resolver problemas sin utilizar reglas matematicas, solamente requiere de ejemplos para aprender de ellos. El primer problema geotermico, atacado con esta poderosa herramienta, es la prediccion de las producciones de vapor y liquido, asi como la terminacion de pozos en el campo geotermico de Los Humeros, Puebla, Mexico. Los primeros intentos demuestran la capacidad de aprender del modelo desarrollado, y su certeza en las predicciones realizadas.

Arsenic and fluoride in the groundwater of Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Armienta, M A; Segovia, N

2008-08-01

Concentrations of arsenic and fluoride above Mexican drinking water standards have been detected in aquifers of various areas of Mexico. This contamination has been found to be mainly caused by natural sources. However, the specific processes releasing these toxic elements into groundwater have been determined in a few zones only. Many studies, focused on arsenic-related health effects, have been performed at Comarca Lagunera in northern México. High concentrations of fluoride in water were also found in this area. The origin of the arsenic there is still controversial. Groundwater in active mining areas has been polluted by both natural and anthropogenic sources. Arsenic-rich minerals contaminate the fractured limestone aquifer at Zimapán, Central México. Tailings and deposits smelter-rich fumes polluted the shallow granular aquifer. Arsenic contamination has also been reported in the San Antonio-El Triunfo mining zone, southern Baja California, and Santa María de la Paz, in San Luis Potosí state. Even in the absence of mining activities, hydrogeochemistry and statistical techniques showed that arsenopyrite oxidation may also contaminate water, as in the case of the Independencia aquifer in the Mexican Altiplano. High concentrations of arsenic have also been detected in geothermal areas like Los Azufres, Los Humeros, and Acoculco. Prevalence of dental fluorosis was revealed by epidemiological studies in Aguascalientes and San Luis Potosí states. Presence of fluoride in water results from dissolution of acid-volcanic rocks. In Mexico, groundwater supplies most drinking water. Current knowledge and the geology of Mexico indicate the need to include arsenic and fluoride determinations in groundwater on a routine basis, and to develop interdisciplinary studies to assess the contaminant's sources in all enriched areas.

Lichens as biological monitors in the Los Azufres geothermal field, Michoacan, Mexico; Liquenes como indicadores biologicos en el campo geotermico Los Azufres, Michoacan, Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gomez Peralta, Marlene; Chavez Carmona, Arturo [Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia (Mexico)

1995-09-01

The results obtained in the monitoring of the atmospheric emissions of the Los Azufres geothermal field in Michoacan State, Mexico utilizing lichens as monitors of the presence of sulphur and arsenic, at the areas near geothermal sites, both under evaluation and production, are presented. The results are based on symptoms which included: chlorosis, necrosis, brown and reddish spots, loss of adherence to substrate, thalli disintegration and disappearance of sensitive species; and also on the amounts of sulphur and arsenic contained in the lichens thallus. [Espanol] Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en el monitoreo de las emisiones atmosfericas del campo geotermico Los Azufres, Michoacan, Mexico en el que se utilizaron liquenes como indicadores de la presencia de azufre y arsenico, en las areas cercanas a los sitios de pozos geotermicos tanto en evaluacion como en produccion. Los resultados estan basados en sintomas que incluyen clorosis, necrosis, manchas cafes y rojizas, perdida de adherencia al sustrato, desintegracion del talo y desaparicion de especies sensibles; asi como en los contenidos de azufre y arsenico en los talos liquenicos.

Problems with the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in Mexico; Problematica de los bifenilos policlorados (BPC) en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Valle, Esteban; Cruz, Maria Guadalupe [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1997-12-31

A general overview is presented of the problems with the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) (askarels) in Mexico, which are mainly associated with the use of these substances in electric equipment; also, a profile of the causes why the PCBs have been classified as environmental toxic substances and a potential hazard for the health of human beings. [Espanol] Se presenta un panorama general de la problematica de bifenilos policlorados (BPC) (askareles) en Mexico, la cual esta asociada principalmente con el uso de estos compuestos en equipos electricos; asimismo, se describe una semblanza de las causas por las cuales se han catalogado a los BPC como sustancias toxicas ambientales y un peligro potencial para la salud de los seres humanos.

Problems with the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in Mexico; Problematica de los bifenilos policlorados (BPC) en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Valle, Esteban; Cruz, Maria Guadalupe [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1998-12-31

A general overview is presented of the problems with the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) (askarels) in Mexico, which are mainly associated with the use of these substances in electric equipment; also, a profile of the causes why the PCBs have been classified as environmental toxic substances and a potential hazard for the health of human beings. [Espanol] Se presenta un panorama general de la problematica de bifenilos policlorados (BPC) (askareles) en Mexico, la cual esta asociada principalmente con el uso de estos compuestos en equipos electricos; asimismo, se describe una semblanza de las causas por las cuales se han catalogado a los BPC como sustancias toxicas ambientales y un peligro potencial para la salud de los seres humanos.

Mexican geothermal development and the future

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Serrano, J.M.E.V.

1998-01-01

Geothermics in Mexico started in 1954, by drilling the first geothermal well in Pathe, State of Hidalgo, which reached a depth of 237 meters. In 1959 electrical generation from geothermal origin began, with an installed capacity of 3.5 MW. From 1959 to 1994 Mexico increased its installed capacity to 753 MW, by developing three geothermal fields: Cerro Prieto, Los Azufres, and Los Humeros. Currently, 177 wells produce steam at a rate of 36 tons per hour (t/h) each. Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE, Federal Commission of Electricity) has planned to increase the geothermal-electric installed capacity through construction and installation of several projects. Repowering of operating units and development of new geothermal zones will also allow Mexican geothermal growth

DISTRIBUCION Y UTILIDAD DE LOS Abies EN MEXICO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ma. Engracia Hernández

2017-05-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo trata sobre la distribución geogrifica de los abetos u oyameles en Mexico, para lo cual se cartografiaron los sitios de colecta reportados en tres de los principales herbarios del Distrito Federal. Se relacionó la carta de distribución de la planta con cartas de temperatura y precipitación, encontrandose que los oyameles están estrechamente relacionados con la altitud y se localizan tanto en zonas semifrías como en templadas, con precipitaciones del orden de 800 a 1 200 mm, en las cuales los valores del índice de humedad de Lang (P/T se encuentran entre 66.7 y 83.3. También se determinó que las funciones básicas de este género son principalmente de control de erosión y conservación ecológica, ademas de poseer un alto potencial económico.

Is the Clavicula Pro Humero Technique of Value for Reconstruction After Resection of the Proximal Humerus in Children?

Science.gov (United States)

Barbier, Dominique; De Billy, Benoît; Gicquel, Philippe; Bourelle, Sophie; Journeau, Pierre

2017-10-01

There are several options for reconstruction of proximal humerus resections after wide resection for malignant tumors in children. The clavicula pro humero technique is a biologic option that has been used in the past, but there are only scant case reports and small series that comment on the results of the procedure. Because the longevity of children mandates a reconstruction with potential longevity not likely to be achieved by other techniques, the clavicula pro humero technique may be a potential option in selected patients. (1) How successful is the clavicula pro humero procedure in achieving local tumor control? (2) What is the frequency of nonunion? (3) What are the complications of the procedure? (4) What scores do patients achieve (on the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) and the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) after this procedure? Four university hospitals performed the clavicula pro humero technique in eight children aged 8 to 18 years between June 2006 and February 2014. During that period, general indications for this approach included all reconstructions of the proximal humerus for malignant tumors in children older than 8 years. All patients were followed for a mean of 40 months (range, 25-86 months); one patient was lost to followup before 2 years. The tumor resections removed the rotator cuff muscles in all patients, glenohumeral joint in five, and deltoid muscle in three. The median length of the bone defect after resection was 20 cm (range, 7-25 cm). It was reduced to 9 cm (range, 0-17 cm) or 27% (range, 0%-64%) of the total humerus length after clavicular rotation. Direct osteosynthesis (one patient), induced membrane technique (one patient), or vascularized fibular autograft (six patients) was used to complete the defect after rotation of the clavicle if necessary. Presence of union (defined as bone healing before 10 months, as assessed by disappearance of the osteotomy on AP and lateral view radiographs), and complications were

The economic impact of Los Alamos National Laboratory on north-central New Mexico and the state of New Mexico fiscal year 1997

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lansford, R.R.; Nielsen, T.G.; Schultz, J.; Adcock, L.D.; Gentry, L.M.

1998-01-01

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is a multidisciplinary, multiprogram laboratory with a mission to enhance national military and economic security through science and technology. Its mission is to reduce the nuclear danger through stewardship of the nation's nuclear stockpile and through its nonproliferation and verification activities. An important secondary mission is to promote US industrial competitiveness by working with US companies in technology transfer and technology development partnerships. Los Alamos is involved in partnerships and collaborations with other federal agencies, with industry (including New Mexico businesses), and with universities worldwide. For this report, the reference period is FY 1997 (October 1, 1996, through September 30, 1997) and includes two major impact analysis: the impact of LANL activities on north-central New Mexico and the economic impacts of LANL on the state of New Mexico. Total impact represents both direct and indirect respending by business, including induced effects (respending by households). The standard multipliers used in determining impacts result from the inter-industry, input-output models developed for the three-county region and the state of New Mexico. 5 figs., 12 tabs

The economic impact of Los Alamos National Laboratory on north-central New Mexico and the state of New Mexico fiscal year 1998; TOPICAL

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lansford, R.R.; Adcock, L.D.; Gentry, L.M.; Ben-David, S.

1999-01-01

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is a multidisciplinary, multiprogram laboratory with a mission to enhance national military and economic security through science and technology. Its mission is to reduce the nuclear danger through stewardship of the nation's nuclear stockpile and through its nonproliferation and verification activities. An important secondary mission is to promote US industrial competitiveness by working with US companies in technology transfer and technology development partnerships. Los Alamos is involved in partnerships and collaborations with other federal agencies, with industry (including New Mexico businesses), and with universities worldwide. For this report, the reference period is FY 1998 (October 1, 1997, through September 30, 1998). It includes two major impact analysis: the impact of LANL activities on north-central New Mexico and the economic impacts of LANL on the state of New Mexico. Total impact represents both direct and indirect responding by business, including induced effects (responding by households). The standard multipliers used in determining impacts result from the inter-industry, input-output models developed for the three-county region and the state of New Mexico

RCRA facility investigation for the townsite of Los Alamos, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dorries, A.M.; Conrad, R.C.; Nonno, L.M.

1992-01-01

During World War II, Los Alamos, New Mexico was established as an ideal location for the secrecy and safety needed for the research and development required to design a nuclear fission bomb. Experiments carried out in the 1940s generated both radioactive and hazardous waste constituents on what is presently part of the Los Alamos townsite. Under the RCRA permit issued to Los alamos national Laboratory in 1990, the Laboratory is scheduled for investigation of its solid waste management units (SWMUs). The existing information on levels of radioactivity on the townsite is principally data from soil samples taken during the last site decontamination in 1976, little information on the presence of hazardous constituents exists today. This paper addresses pathway analysis and a preliminary risk assessment for current residents of the Los Alamos townsite. The estimated dose levels, in mrem per year, show that the previously decontaminated SWMU areas on the Los Alamos townsite will not contribute a radiation dose of any concern to the current residents

Trato a los usuarios en los servicios públicos de salud en México The treatment received by public health services users in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Esteban Puentes Rosas

2006-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Documentar que las diferencias en el trato recibido por los usuarios de los servicios de salud en México dependen principalmente del proveedor, independientemente de las condiciones socioeconómicas de los usuarios. MÉTODOS: Los datos se obtuvieron mediante una encuesta aplicada a 18 018 usuarios que asistieron a 73 servicios de salud de 13 estados de México. Los usuarios debían calificar la forma en que la institución se había desempeñado en siete de los ocho dominios del trato adecuado de los usuarios (autonomía, confidencialidad, comunicación, trato respetuoso, condiciones de las instalaciones básicas, acceso a redes de apoyo social y capacidad de elección. En el cuestionario se presentaron viñetas para valorar las expectativas de los usuarios. Se aplicó un modelo probit ordinal compuesto con la percepción sobre la calidad de cada uno de los dominios del trato adecuado como variable dependiente y el sexo, la escolaridad, la edad, el tipo de proveedor y las expectativas de los usuarios como variables de control. RESULTADOS: El principal factor que determinó la percepción de los usuarios sobre el trato que recibieron en los servicios de salud en México fue el proveedor. Las instituciones de seguridad social mostraron el peor desempeño, mientras que los servicios del programa destinado a la población rural (IMSS Oportunidades recibieron las mejores calificaciones. En general, el dominio mejor calificado fue el trato respetuoso, mientras que la menor calificación se asignó a la capacidad de elección del proveedor. Los hombres consideraron haber tenido mejor comunicación que las mujeres, mientras que el trato respetuoso, la comunicación y el apoyo social tuvieron una asociación significativa inversa con respecto al nivel educacional (P OBJECTIVE: To document the fact that differences in the treatment received by health services users in Mexico are mainly dependent on the type of provider, regardless of the users

What are the next steps? Legal perspectives on Mexico's general climate change law; Cuales son los siguientes pasos? Perspectivas juridicas sobre la ley general de cambio climatico de Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2012-07-01

This publication is part of a project to strengthen legal capacities in Mexico, to analyze and propose alternatives that facilitate climate change mitigation and the transition to a low carbon economy. It started as an initiative of the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (Semarnat). This project focuses on the creation of legal capacities for climate mitigation because, while Mexico has accomplished remarkable achievements in the development of climate policies, this progress has not been matched in the development of legal capacities regarding climate change. In regard to progress on climate policy, Mexico has developed the long-term National Climate Change Strategy (2007) and Special Climate Change Program (2009-2012), completed economic projections of climate change costs - such as the inaction costs estimated in the study Economy of Climate Change in Mexico, and generated and disseminated climate information - for example, 1. Mexico has already submitted four National Communications on Climate Change and is preparing a Fifth to submit to the UNFCCC. 2 However, until the recent promulgation of the General Law on Climate Change on June, 2012, developments in the legal field to complement the efforts to address and cope with climate change in Mexico were far behind developments in other areas at the national level. [Spanish] Esta publicacion forma parte de un proyecto para el fortalecimiento de capacidades nacionales en el area juridica, para analizar y proponer alternativas que faciliten la mitigacion del cambio climatico y la transicion de Mexico a una economia baja en carbono y surgio a iniciativa de la Subsecretaria de Planeacion y Politica Ambiental de la Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (Semarnat). Nos enfocamos en la creacion de capacidades juridicas porque mientras que en Mexico habiamos visto logros muy importantes en areas como la definicion de politicas publicas de accion climatica; la cuantificacion de los costos del

Seismic recording at the Los Medanos area of Southeastern New Mexico, 1974-1975

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sanford, A.R.; Johansen, S.J.; Caravella, F.J.; Ward, R.M.

1976-01-01

The objective has been to determine if low-level seismic activity is occurring at or near the proposed nuclear waste repository in southeastern New Mexico. The research involved installation and maintenance of a continuously recording seismograph at the Los Medanos site and interpretation of the seismic events detected by that station. The following topics are discussed: (1) a description of the seismic instrumentation and its performance; (2) statistics on the local and regional earthquakes detected by the seismograph station at the Los Medanos site; (3) special studies on the seismic events associated with rockfalls at the National Potash Co. Eddy County Mine on July 26, 1972 and November 28, 1974; and (4) improved estimates of recurrence intervals for major earthquakes likely to effect the Los Medanos site

The economic impact of Los Alamos National Laboratory on North-Central New Mexico and the state of New Mexico. Fiscal Year 1995

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lansford, R.R.; Ben-David, S.

1996-08-01

Los Alamos National Laboratory is a multidisciplinary, multiprogram laboratory with a mission to enhance national military and economic security through science and technology. Its mission is to reduce the nuclear danger through stewardship of the nation's nuclear stockpile and through its nonproliferation and verification activities. An important secondary mission is to promote U.S. industrial competitiveness by working with U.S. companies in technology transfer and technology development partnerships. Los Alamos has provided technical assistance to over 70 small New Mexico businesses enabling economic development activities in the region and state

What are the next steps? Legal perspectives on Mexico's general climate change law; Cuales son los siguientes pasos? Perspectivas juridicas sobre la ley general de cambio climatico de Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2012-07-01

This publication is part of a project to strengthen legal capacities in Mexico, to analyze and propose alternatives that facilitate climate change mitigation and the transition to a low carbon economy. It started as an initiative of the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (Semarnat). This project focuses on the creation of legal capacities for climate mitigation because, while Mexico has accomplished remarkable achievements in the development of climate policies, this progress has not been matched in the development of legal capacities regarding climate change. In regard to progress on climate policy, Mexico has developed the long-term National Climate Change Strategy (2007) and Special Climate Change Program (2009-2012), completed economic projections of climate change costs - such as the inaction costs estimated in the study Economy of Climate Change in Mexico, and generated and disseminated climate information - for example, 1. Mexico has already submitted four National Communications on Climate Change and is preparing a Fifth to submit to the UNFCCC. 2 However, until the recent promulgation of the General Law on Climate Change on June, 2012, developments in the legal field to complement the efforts to address and cope with climate change in Mexico were far behind developments in other areas at the national level. [Spanish] Esta publicacion forma parte de un proyecto para el fortalecimiento de capacidades nacionales en el area juridica, para analizar y proponer alternativas que faciliten la mitigacion del cambio climatico y la transicion de Mexico a una economia baja en carbono y surgio a iniciativa de la Subsecretaria de Planeacion y Politica Ambiental de la Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (Semarnat). Nos enfocamos en la creacion de capacidades juridicas porque mientras que en Mexico habiamos visto logros muy importantes en areas como la definicion de politicas publicas de accion climatica; la cuantificacion de los costos del

Stratigraphy and Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic history of northern Sierra Los Ajos and adjacent areas, Sonora, Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Page, William R.; Gray, Floyd; Iriondo, Alexander; Miggins, Daniel P.; Blodgett, Robert B.; Maldonado, Florian; Miller, Robert J.

2010-01-01

Geologic mapping in the northern Sierra Los Ajos reveals new stratigraphic and structural data relevant to deciphering the Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the range. The northern Sierra Los Ajos is cored by Proterozoic, Cambrian, Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian strata, equivalent respectively to the Pinal Schist, Bolsa Quartzite and Abrigo Limestone, Martin Formation, Escabrosa Limestone, and Horquilla Limestone. The Proterozoic–Paleozoic sequence is mantled by Upper Cretaceous rocks partly equivalent to the Fort Crittenden and Salero Formations in Arizona, and the Cabullona Group in Sonora, Mexico.Absence of the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Bisbee Group below the Upper Cretaceous rocks and above the Proterozoic–Paleozoic rocks indicates that the Sierra Los Ajos was part of the Cananea high, a topographic highland during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Deposition of Upper Cretaceous rocks directly on Paleozoic and Proterozoic rocks indicates that the Sierra Los Ajos area had subsided as part of the Laramide Cabullona basin during Late Cretaceous time. Basal beds of the Upper Cretaceous sequence are clast-supported conglomerate composed locally of basement (Paleozoic) clasts. The conglomerate represents erosion of Paleozoic basement in the Sierra Los Ajos area coincident with development of the Cabullona basin.The present-day Sierra Los Ajos reaches elevations of greater than 2600 m, and was uplifted during Tertiary basin-and-range extension. Upper Cretaceous rocks are exposed at higher elevations in the northern Sierra Los Ajos and represent an uplifted part of the inverted Cabullona basin. Tertiary uplift of the Sierra Los Ajos was largely accommodated by vertical movement along the north-to-northwest-striking Sierra Los Ajos fault zone flanking the west side of the range. This fault zone structurally controls the configuration of the headwaters of the San Pedro River basin, an important bi-national water resource in the US-Mexico

How piecemeal is your caldera? Going beyond modelling to investigate the structural evolution of explosive caldera volcanoes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Willcox, Chris; Branney, Mike [University of Leicester, UK, LE1 7RH (United Kingdom); Carrasco-Nunez, Gerardo [Centro de Geociencias Campus Juraquilla, UNAM, Apdo. Postal 1-742 Queretaro, Qro. 76001 (Mexico)], E-mail: cpw14@le.ac.uk

2008-10-01

Despite a profusion of analogue models relatively little is known about the internal structure and temporal evolution of explosive caldera volcanoes. So how can modellers test their predictions given that the internal structures of many young calderas are concealed? Mapping ancient exhumed calderas has proven advantageous, yet this requires a large investment of time and expertise to constrain the structural evolution in sufficient detail. We aim to investigate the interplay between the structural evolution and eruption style over time at a modern caldera. We have selected Los Humeros (Mexico) because it is thought to be an example of a caldera with some piecemeal development, and it also has a well-exposed pyroclastic succession and abundant borehole data.

Viviendo Con Incendios: Una guia para los duenos de casas en Nuevo Mexico [Living with Fire: A Guide for the Homeowner-New Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management

2008-01-01

La posibilidad de perdidas humanas y de propiedad en Nuevo Mexico debido a un incendio forestal ha ido incrementando. Para responder a este peligro, entidades locales, estatales, federales, particulares y sin fines de lucro se han unido para crear Como Reducir la Amenaza de Incendios Forestales, un programa dirigido a los propietarios de casas. Este no es un programa...

The use of residual geothermal energy in an edible mushroom production plant, Los Humeros geothermal fields (Mexico): Achievements and alternatives; El uso de la energia geotermica residual en la planta productora de hongos comestibles del campo geotermico Los Humeros (Mexico): Logros y alternativas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rangel Rangel, Maria Elena [Proteccion ambiental, Puebla (Mexico)

2000-12-01

A plant for raising edible mushrooms with residual geothermal energy is a project of the Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE). The results reflect important achievements in the development of technology for the productions of wholesome and available food with geothermal heat instead of conventional energy sources. The installations have an enormous technological and commercial potential- demonstrated by the cultivation of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus), which success has awakened the interest of research institutions. The Instituto of Ecologia, A.C., has begun a joint project with CFE cultivating shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) with geothermal energy. These achievements mark a clear trend toward the integral use of facilities, the establishment of a crop with greater economic advantages, and the diffusion of this project. [Spanish] La planta productora de hongos comestibles es un proyecto de la Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) para dar un uso alterno a la energia geotermica residual. Los resultados obtenidos hasta el momento reflejan logros importantes en la generacion de tecnologia propia para la produccion de un alimento sano y accesible, sustituyendo la energia proveniente de combustibles convencionales por calor geotermico. Las instalaciones creadas cuentan con un enorme potencial tecnologico y comercial demostrando con el cultivo de las setas (Pleurotus ostreatus) con un exito tal que ha despertado el interes de instituciones dedicadas a la investigacion. Tal es el caso de Instituto de Ecologia, A.C que acualmente se encuentra involucrado en un proyecto conjunto sobre el cultivo del hongo Lentinula edodes (shiitake) utilizando energia geotermica en su proceso productivo. Con lo anterior, se esta marcando una clara tendencia hacia el aprovechamiento integral de las instalaciones, el establecimiento de un cultivo con mayores ventajas economicas y la difusion de este proyecto.

Servicio de Mapas en Internet para la Salud Ambiental en la Region Fronteriza Entre los Estados Unidos y Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Buckler, Denny; Stefanov, Jim

2004-01-01

La region fronteriza de los Estados Unidos y Mexico abarca una gran diversidad de ambientes fisicos y habitaciones, entre los cuales estan los humedales, desiertos, pastos, montanas, y bosques. Estos a su vez son unicos en cuanto a su diversidad de recursos acuaticos minerales, y biologicos. La region se interconecta economica, politica, y socialmente debido a su herencia binacional. En 1995, cerca de 11 millones de habitantes vivian en la zona adyacente a la frontera. Un estudio sugiere que esa poblacion podria doblarse antes del ano 2020.

Evaluation of the energy potential, biogenesis and essential characteristics of the geothermal submarine systems in Mexico; Evaluacion del potencial, biogenesis y caracteristicas esenciales de los sistemas geotermicos submarinos en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Suarez Arriaga, Mario Cesar [Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico)

2004-12-01

Geothermal energy in Mexico embraces both near-surface traditional reservoirs located between 500 and 3000 meters depth, and deep geothermal resources over 3000 meters in depth. Non-traditional geothermal energy sources in Mexico include the deep portions and boundaries of traditional hydrothermal reservoirs, systems in hot dry or wet rock, geo-pressured reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico and hydrothermal submarine systems mainly located close to the northern Mexican coast of the Pacific Ocean. Deep submarine energy is related to the existence of hydrothermal vents emerging in many places along the oceanic spreading centers between tectonic plates. These systems have a total length of about 65,000 km in the Earth's oceanic crust. There are two kinds of ocean systems in the Gulf of California: deep resources, located along the rifts between tectonic plates of oceanic crust over 2000 m below sea level, and shallow resources near continental platforms at 20-50 m depth. The shallow, submarine heat is related to faults and fractures in the sea bottom close to some coasts. This type of shallow, sub-sea system is found offshore at Punta Banda in Ensenada, Baja California. The preliminary energy potential of such reservoirs is estimated at an average of 1120 MWt per cubic kilometer of sub-sea rock. The specific chemical characteristics of the submarine hydrothermal waters found in those systems indicate that water-oceanic rock interactions occur under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. At the same time, submarine geothermal energy supports rich biological communities at depths where living organisms find no sunlight for photosynthesis. Recent research suggests that possible locations for the synthesis of chemical needed for the origin of life include submarine hydrothermal systems. [Spanish] La energia geotermica en Mexico abarca todos los tipos de sistemas conocidos. Desde los grandes reservorios tradicionales, localizados entre 500 y 3000 metros de

"Stay cool, sell stuff cheap, and smile": Examining how reputational management of dental tourism reinforces structural oppression in Los Algodones, Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Adams, Krystyna; Snyder, Jeremy; Crooks, Valorie A; Berry, Nicole S

2017-10-01

Los Algodones, Mexico is characteristic of other medical border towns whose proximity to the Mexico-United States border enables American and Canadian patients to take advantage of economic asymmetries on either side of the border to access desired health care. Los Algodones is unique, however, in its focus on the provision of dental care and claims by local residents that it has the highest concentration of dentists per capita in the world. In this paper, we present an analysis of interviews with employees working in Los Algodones' dental tourism industry to examine interviewees' participation in practices related to reputational management of the industry site. Drawing on our interview discussions, we argue that many of these reputational management practices reinforce structural injustices and raise concerns for structural exploitation in the industry. This analysis nuances ethical considerations for medical tourism by highlighting structural factors informing unjust practices within the industry, factors which might be relevant to other medical tourism contexts. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Penetration of the renewable sources of energy in Mexico: group of approach on the possible present and future obstacles for the renewable energies (Annexe 11 in 'A vision of year 2030 on the use of the renewable energies in Mexico'); Penetracion de las fuentes renovables de energia en Mexico: grupo de enfoque sobre los posibles obstaculos actuales y futuros para las energias renovables (Anexo 11 en 'Una vision al 2030 de la utilizacion de las energias renovables en Mexico')

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pernudi, Montserrat; Alonso C, Antonio [Analitica Consultores S.A. de C.V., Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

2005-08-15

In this study it is analyzed the possible penetration of the renewable sources of energy in Mexico between today and year 2030. In this project are included as small renewable sources the hydroelectric ones (mini, smaller micro and less than of 20 MW), the geothermal, the solar energy, the wind energy and the biomass. This report corresponds to the results obtained in the group of consultation of experts on the present obstacles and future of the renewable energies in Mexico, made o May 24, 2005 in the Mexico City with a small group of approach that presented the objectives of the project, defined the main present obstacles and the possible future evolution for the penetration of the renewable sources of energy in Mexico. [Spanish] En este estudio se analiza la posible penetracion de las fuentes renovables de energia en Mexico entre hoy y el ano 2030. En dicho proyecto se incluyen como fuentes renovables a las pequenas hidroelectricas (micro y mini, menores de 20 MW), la geotermia, la energia solar, la energia eolica y la biomasa. Este informe corresponde a los resultados obtenidos en el grupo de consulta a expertos sobre los obstaculos presentes y futuros de las energias renovables en Mexico, realizado el 24 de mayo de 2005 en la ciudad de Mexico con un pequeno grupo de enfoque que presento los objetivos del proyecto, definio los principales obstaculos actuales y la posible evolucion futura para la penetracion de las fuentes renovables de energia en Mexico.

Natural radiation contribution to renewable energy searching

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balcazar, M.; Lopez, A.; Flores, M.; Huerta, M.

2014-08-01

High anomalies of naturally occurring radon in geothermal fields are becoming an additional geophysics tool for determining the areas of geothermal activity underground. Under close collaboration with the Federal Electricity Board in Mexico (CFE), we have study four geothermal fields (Los Azufres, Tres Virgenes, Humeros and Acoculco) for extending the energy potentially. The heat source in hydrothermal systems produces geothermal gasses, which transport radon to the surface faster than the common diffusion process in absence of a geothermal activity. This paper presents: mechanism of radon production, main physical and chemical features that make it an excellent indicator for locating heat sources of geothermal reservoirs, the detection basis of in situ radon concentration using a high sensitive radiation chamber and the planning experimental strategy for successful use of this technique. (author)

Natural radiation contribution to renewable energy searching

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Balcazar, M.; Lopez, A. [ININ, Carretera Mexico-Toluca s/n, 52750 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Flores, M.; Huerta, M., E-mail: miguel.balcazar@inin.gob.mx [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Gerencia de Proyectos Geotermoelectricos, Alejandro Volta 655, 58290 Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico)

2014-08-15

High anomalies of naturally occurring radon in geothermal fields are becoming an additional geophysics tool for determining the areas of geothermal activity underground. Under close collaboration with the Federal Electricity Board in Mexico (CFE), we have study four geothermal fields (Los Azufres, Tres Virgenes, Humeros and Acoculco) for extending the energy potentially. The heat source in hydrothermal systems produces geothermal gasses, which transport radon to the surface faster than the common diffusion process in absence of a geothermal activity. This paper presents: mechanism of radon production, main physical and chemical features that make it an excellent indicator for locating heat sources of geothermal reservoirs, the detection basis of in situ radon concentration using a high sensitive radiation chamber and the planning experimental strategy for successful use of this technique. (author)

Energy security. Reflection about the challenges and the alternatives for Mexico; Seguridad energetica. Reflexion en torno a los retos y las alternativas para Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Melgar, Lourdes; Velasco Ibarra, Enrique [Secretaria de Energia (Sener) (Mexico)

2007-04-15

The two current major topics of the international discussion are the energy security and the world warming. Since 2005, it is searched to go forward with regard to the design of the alternative policies, which at the same time make possible both to assure the energy supply and to restrict the emissions. Mexico, therefore, is appealed both to assume its international leadership to confront the challenges of being a country with a consumer profile. [Spanish] La seguridad energetica y el cambio climatico son hoy temas centrales del debate internacional. A partir de 2005, se busca avanzar en el diseno de politicas alternativas que permitan a la vez asegurar el abasto energetico y limitar las emisiones. Mexico esta llamado a asumir su liderazgo internacional y a enfrentar los desafios de pais con perfil de consumidor.

A North Sea approach for Mexico?; El marco Mar del Norte para Mexico?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baker, George [ENERGIA.com, United States (United States)

2006-11-15

este se han dado en otras partes del globo terraqueo y es precisamente la intencion de este articulo mostrar como puede aplicarse en el caso de Mexico el arreglo acordado sobre el Mar del Norte. Las caracteristicas bilaterales de este arreglo conformado por incentivos y aperturas al mercado, requieren de la cooperacion de diferentes oficinas y sectores gubernamentales del gobierno federal para hacer posibles una serie de estipulaciones que regulen el trato y permitan a distintas empresas petroleras una interaccion sustanciosa que reditue para los duenos de ambas fronteras. En Mexico la responsabilidad de echar a andar proyectos de este tipo corresponde al poder legislativo en complicidad con las secretarias de asuntos externos y del trabajo. Los actuales modelos de accion y el monopolio Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) en Mexico solo han logrado estancar el desarrollo del pais en este sector y mantener el desarrollo petrolifero en un nivel mediocre y deteriorado. Los beneficios de un tal arreglo se extenderian mas alla de lograr un desarrollo bilateral para los paises involucrados; sin embargo, recordemos que el gobierno de los Estados Unidos no esta al compas de los gobiernos pro-unificacion de fronteras. Para comenzar la unificacion de las regiones fronterizas Mexico debe documentar la ubicacion de los pozos fronterizos, sin embargo aun cuando se llegara a algun acuerdo deberan pasar anos antes que PEMEX desarrolle la tecnologia apropiada para explotar su parte de los yacimientos.

Las Islas de los Changos (the Monkey Islands): the economic impact of ecotourism in the region of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Serio-Silva, Juan Carlos

2006-05-01

This study evaluates the popularity and economic impact of Las Islas de los Changos (the Monkey Islands) as an ecotourism site on Lake Catemaco in the Los Tuxtlas region of Veracruz, Mexico. Two small island colonies of exotic primates, stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides), have proved to be highly beneficial for the local economy as the main attraction for tourists in this region. From July 1991 to June 1992, data were collected on the number of tourists who took boat trips to visit the primates, and the amount of money spent on tours to the islands. The data suggest that at least 28,470 passengers visit these primate troops annually and spend approximately 88,970 U.S. dollars (USD). Follow-up questionnaires during July 1997 to June 2000 to hotelkeepers and tourist boat operators identified the Monkey Islands as the primary destination for tourists to this region. A comparison of the net income obtained by local ecotourism operators with wages earned through other types of employment in the Los Tuxtlas region, such as working in natural reserves, agriculture, or renting grazing land for cattle, show the relative importance of Las Islas de Los Changos in sustaining the local economy. 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Aerosol Light Absorption and Scattering in Mexico City: Comparison With Las Vegas, NV, and Los Angeles, CA.

Science.gov (United States)

Paredes-Miranda, G.; Arnott, W. P.; Gaffney, J. S.; Marley, N. A.; Campbell, D.; Fujita, E.

2007-12-01

Aerosol light scattering and absorption measurements were deployed in and near Mexico City in March 2006 as part of the Megacity Impacts on Regional and Global Environments (MIRAGE). The primary site in Mexico City was an urban site at Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo (Mexican Oil Institute, denoted by IMP). Similar campaigns were held in Las Vegas, NV in January-February, 2003; and Los Angeles, CA at numerous sites during all seasons from 2003 through 2007. The IMP site gave in-situ characterization of the Mexico City plume under favorable wind conditions. The photoacoustic instrument (PAS) used at IMP operates at 532 nm, and conveniently allowed for characterization of gaseous absorption at this wavelength as well. Light scattering measurements are accomplished within the PAS by the reciprocal nephelometery method. In Mexico City the aerosol absorption coefficient typically varies between 20 and 180 Mm-1 during the course of the day and significant diurnal variation of the aerosol single scattering albedo was observed probably as a consequence of secondary aerosol formation. We will present the diurnal variation of the scattering and absorption as well as the single scattering albedo and fraction of absorption due to gases at the IMP site and compare with Las Vegas diurnal variation. Mexico City 'breaths' more during the course of the day than Las Vegas, Nevada in part because the latitude of Mexico City resulted in more direct solar radiation. Further insight on the meteorological connections and population dynamics will be discussed.

Petrographic study and preliminary conceptual model of the Ixtlan de los Hervores geothermal zone, Michoacan, Mexico; Estudio petrografico y modelo conceptual preliminar de la zona geotermica de Ixtlan de los Hervores, Michoacan, Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Viggiano-Guerra, Julio C; Gutierrez-Negrin, Luis C.A [Comision Federal de Electricidad (Mexico)

2007-10-15

Petrographic studies of cuttings from the shallow well Ixtlan 2, drilled in the Ixtlan de los Hervores geothermal zone, State of Michoacan, Mexico, at a maximum depth of 159 meters, together with results of previous exploration studies, allow to delineate a preliminary conceptual model of the probable geothermal system. It is formed by a wide-fracture zone system, with low topographic relief and shallow water level. Its hydrothermal fluids are of sodium-chloride type, neutral pH, silica oversaturated in the discharge and with temperatures between 125 and 225 degrees Celsius, based on the geothermometry and the hydrothermal mineral assemblage encountered in the well. The assemblage of laumontite + quartz + calcite + chlorite/smectite + pyrite is typical for the zeolitic facies, beneath of which it is possible to encounter the epidote-wairakite facies, with higher temperatures. The favorable conditions of the zone allow to recommend continuation of exploration in the same. [Spanish] El estudio petrografico de muestras de canal de la perforacion del pozo somero Ixtlan 2, con una profundidad maxima de 159 metros y ubicado en la zona geotermica de Ixtlan de Los Hervores, Michoacan, Mexico, aunado a los resultados de estudios previos de exploracion superficial, han permitido la configuracion de un modelo conceptual preliminar del probable yacimiento geotermico. Se trata de un sistema zona de fractura ancha, bajo relieve y nivel freatico somero, con fluidos hidrotermales de tipo clorurado-sodico, pH neutro, sobresaturados de silice en la descarga, y con temperatura entre 125 y 225 grados Celsius, de acuerdo con la geotermometria + cuarzo + calcita + clorita/esmectita + pirita es tipica de la facies zeolitica, debajo de la cual podria hallarse la facies de epidota-wairakita, con temperaturas mas altas. Las condiciones favorables de la zona permiten recomendar la continuacion de la exploracion en la misma.

Multimedia contaminant environmental exposure assessment methodology as applied to Los Alamos, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Whelan, G.; Thompson, F.L.; Yabusaki, S.B.

1983-02-01

The MCEA (Multimedia Contaminant Environmental Exposure Assessment) methodology assesses exposures to air, water, soil, and plants from contaminants released into the environment by simulating dominant mechanisms of contaminant migration and fate. The methodology encompasses five different pathways (i.e., atmospheric, terrestrial, overland, subsurface, and surface water) and combines them into a highly flexible tool. The flexibility of the MCEA methodology is demonstrated by encompassing two of the pathways (i.e., overland and surface water) into an effective tool for simulating the migration and fate of radionuclides released into the Los Alamos, New Mexico region. The study revealed that: (a) the 239 Pu inventory in lower Los Alamos Canyon increased by approximately 1.1 times for the 50-y flood event; (b) the average contaminant 239 Pu concentrations (i.e., weighted according to the depth of the respective bed layer) in lower Los Alamos Canyon for the 50-y flood event decreased by 5.4%; (c) approx. 27% of the total 239 Pu contamination resuspended from the entire bed (based on the assumed cross sections) for the 50-y flood event originated from lower Pueblo Canyon; (d) an increase in the 239 Pu contamination of the bed followed the general deposition patterns experienced by the sediment in Pueblo-lower Los Alamos Canyon; likewise, a decrease in the 239 Pu contamination of the bed followed general sediment resuspension patterns in the canyon; (e) 55% of the 239 Pu reaching the San Ildefonso Pueblo in lower Los Alamos Canyon originated from lower Los Alamos Canyon; and (f) 56% of the 239 Pu contamination reaching the San Ildefonso Pueblo in lower Los Alamos Canyon was carried through towards the Rio Grande. 47 references, 41 figures, 29 tables

Sobreprecio y acceso a los medicamentos: el caso de los medicamentos esenciales en México Overpricing and affordability of drugs: the case of essential drugs in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raúl E. Molina-Salazar

1998-07-01

Full Text Available Para la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS la accesibilidad y la disponibilidad de los medicamentos es un tema central al cual le ha dedicado una gran atención. Si bien la política de medicamentos esenciales ha tenido una acogida favorable por parte de las organizaciones sanitarias, la industria farmacéutica, especialmente sus filiales asentadas en los países menos desarrollados, no ha brindado una respuesta adecuada a los planteamientos de la OMS de proporcionar medicamentos esenciales a precios accesibles. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el precio de los medicamentos esenciales de marca en México en relación al precio de los medicamentos esenciales genéricos disponibles en el mercado internacional. Se estudió una muestra de especialidades farmacéuticas líderes de ventas en su categoría terapéutica y se compararon los precios, por unidades farmacéuticas, de los medicamentos de marca y los medicamentos genéricos a precio internacional. Los resultados muestran que el nivel de precios de los medicamentos esenciales en México es muy elevado. La venta per cápita no se ha reducido, a pesar de la caída del producto interno bruto que se produjo en México a partir del año de 1995. Se discuten las razones de este sobreprecio y se proponen algunas medidas para solucionar este problema.Accessibility and availability of drugs has been a matter of great concern for health services all over the world, especially for less developed countries. The World Health Organization has devoted considerable time to this matter. Although the essential drug policy has been well-accepted by health agencies and NGOs, the pharmaceutical industry has not proven willing to produce essential drugs at affordable prices. The purpose of this study is to examine price levels of essential drugs in Mexico. The evaluation was performed through a comparison of international and national prices for leading drugs in the respective therapeutic categories and

Environmental Assessment for Electrical Power System Upgrades at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico - Final Document

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

N/A

2000-03-09

The ''National Environmental Policy Act of 1969'' (NEPA) requires Federal agency officials to consider the environmental consequences of their proposed actions before decisions are made. In complying with NEPA, the United States (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE) follows the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) regulations (40 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] 1500-1508) and DOE's NEPA implementing procedures (10 CFR 1021). The purpose of an Environmental Assessment (EA) is to provide Federal decision makers with sufficient evidence and analysis to determine whether to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) or issue a Finding of No Significant Impact. In this case, the DOE decision to be made is whether to construct and operate a 19.5-mile (mi) (31-kilometer [km]) electric transmission line (power line) reaching from the Norton Substation, west across the Rio Grande, to locations within the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Technical Areas (TAs) 3 and 5 at Los Alamos, New Mexico. The construction of one electric substation at LANL would be included in the project as would the construction of two line segments less than 1,200 feet (ft) (366 meters [m]) long that would allow for the uncrossing of a portion of two existing power lines. Additionally, a fiber optics communications line would be included and installed concurrently as part of the required overhead ground conductor for the power line. The new power line would improve the reliability of electric service in the LANL and Los Aktrnos County areas as would the uncrossing of the crossed segments of the existing lines. Additionally, installation of the new power line would enable the LANL and the Los Alamos County electric grid, which is a shared resource, to be adapted to accommodate the future import of increased power when additional power service becomes available in the northern New Mexico area. Similarly, the fiber optics line would allow DOE to take advantage of

Políticas, vigilancia y acceso de los menores de edad a los cigarros en la Ciudad de México Policies, monitoring and minors access to cigarettes in Mexico City

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pablo Antonio Kuri-Morales

2006-01-01

Full Text Available En México y otros países, la accesibilidad que tienen los menores de edad a productos derivados del tabaco -sobre todo cigarros- es un factor primordial que contribuye al desarrollo del tabaquismo, que hoy día constituye uno de los principales desafíos de la salud pública en todo el mundo. En la lucha contra esta adicción, la existencia de una legislación eficaz para disminuir la producción, distribución y venta de productos derivados del tabaco es indispensable para crear las condiciones necesarias y lograr una sociedad libre de tabaco. La venta de cigarros a menores es un acto que posee características específicas en cada lugar y tiempo en que se evalúa. En particular, en el Distrito Federal la falta de vigilancia en el cumplimiento de las disposiciones oficiales contribuye a que los menores de edad consigan los cigarros en la mayoría de los comercios y los adquieran de forma directa.In Mexico and other countries, the accessibility that minors have to products derived from tobacco -mainly cigarettes- is a primary contributing factor to smoking, and is currently one of the main public health challenges worldwide. In the fight against tobacco use, effective legislation for decreasing production, distribution and the sale of tobacco products is indispensable to the creation of conditions necessary for achieving a tobacco-free society. The sale of cigarettes to minors is an act that has unique characteristics according to the particular location, particularly in Mexico City, and the time in which it is evaluated. The lack of monitoring compliance with official regulations contributes to the fact that minors directly obtain cigarettes from most of the stores.

Advisable alternative fuels for Mexico; Combustibles alternativos convenientes para Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aguilar Gonzalez, Jorge Luis [ICA Fluor (Mexico)

2007-07-15

The alternative fuels are born with the goal of not damaging the environment; biodiesel, electricity, ethanol, hydrogen, methanol, natural gas, LP gas, are the main alternative fuels. However, the biodiesel and bioetanol are the only completely renewable ones, this makes them ideal to be developed in Mexico, since the agricultural sector could be fortified, the technological independence be favored, improve the conservation of the oil resources and by all means not to affect the environment. On the other hand, also efficient cultivation techniques should be developed to guarantee the economy of the process. [Spanish] Los combustibles alternativos nacen con la meta de no danar el medio ambiente; el biodiesel, electricidad, etanol, hidrogeno, metanol, gas natural, gas LP, son los principales combustibles alternativos. No obstante, el biodiesel y el bioetanol son los unicos completamente renovables, esto los hace ideales para desarrollarse en Mexico, ya que se podria fortalecer el sector agricola, favorecer la independencia tecnologica, mejorar la administracion de los recursos petroleros y por supuesto no afectar al medio ambiente. Por otro lado tambien se tendrian que desarrollar tecnicas de cultivo eficientes para garantizar la economia del proceso.

The electric energy and the environment in Mexico. Volume 3; Energia electrica y medio ambiente en Mexico. Volumen 3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Quintanilla Martinez, Juan [eds.] [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1997-12-31

This document is the third one of three volumes of the 1. Seminar on the Current Conditions and Perspectives of the Electric Sector in Mexico, organized by the Programa Universitario de Energia and the Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas (University Program of Energy and the Institute of Economic Research), both of them agencies of the Universidad Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM). The titles of the three volumes are the following: Volume 1.- The opening of the Mexican Electric Sector to foreign investment. Volume 2.- Concrete innovation and technological learning experiences at the Luz y Fuerza del Centro enterprise. Volume 3.- The Electric Energy and the Environment in Mexico. This third volume covers the following subjects: Hydroelectricity, land use and water managing; the electric generation in Mexico and its environmental impact, the nuclear electricity and the handling of radioactive materials; the exposure to electromagnetic fields and its association with children`s leukemia; the energy in Mexico and the sustainable development; potential of electricity generation in large scale with wind power in Mexico; towards a scheme of distributed electric power generation with non-conventional energies and renewable energy sources in Mexico in the 21Century. These documents were elaborated by specialists of the electric sector, from the sector itself as well as from private and public academic entities [Espanol] Este documento constituye el tercero de tres volumenes del Primer Seminario sobre Situacion y Perspectivas del Sector Electrico en Mexico, organizado por el Programa Universitario de Energia y el Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas, ambas dependencias de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM). Los titulos de los tres volumenes son los siguientes: volumen 1: La apertura externa del sector electrico mexicano, volumen 2: Experiencias concretas de innovacion y aprendizaje tecnologico en la empresa Luz y Fuerza del Centro, volumen 3: Energia electrica

Environmental baseline study of the Los Medanos Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) project area of New Mexico: a progress report. An addendum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wolfe, H.G.

1977-09-01

Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, has been conducting exploratory drilling operations for a Waste Isolation Pilot Program Eddy and Lea counties in southeast New Mexico for almost two years. Prior to the establishment of such a program, an environmental study has been carried out as a baseline for evaluation of the impact of future activities in the Los Medanos area. Data are presented on the geology; topography; climate; vegetation; and population density, diet, and seasonal movements of mammals, lizards, snakes, birds, insects, and ground-dwelling arthropods of the study area

Los Alamos offers Fellowships

Science.gov (United States)

Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico is calling for applications for postdoctoral appointments and research fellowships. The positions are available in geoscience as well as other scientific disciplines.The laboratory, which is operated by the University of California for the Department of Energy, awards J. Robert Oppenheimer Research Fellowships to scientists that either have or will soon complete doctoral degrees. The appointments are for two years, are renewable for a third year, and carry a stipend of $51,865 per year. Potential applicants should send a resume or employment application and a statement of research goals to Carol M. Rich, Div. 89, Human Resources Development Division, MS P290, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 by mid-November.

Income distribution and electricity expense in Mexican homes; Distribucion del ingreso y el gasto en electricidad en los hogares en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Navarro Gomez, Judith Catalina [Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1997-12-31

This paper`s objective in to analyze the main tendencies of the expense in electricity of the Mexican families since 1968 and its relationship with the expense in other energy sources. The paper is developed in two parts. The first one presents a general outline of the income behavior and the home expense, and the resources appointed to the energy acquisition. The second part analyzes specifically the expense in electricity. The data utilized come from a survey conducted by the Banco of Mexico for year 1968; the National Survey of Income and Expenses in Families from the Secretaria de Programacion y Presupuesto (SPP) for year 1977 and from National Surveys on Income and Expenses at Homes conducted by the Instituto Nacional de Estadistica Geografia e Informatica (INEGI) for years 1984, 1992 and 1994 [Espanol] El objetivo de este trabajo, es analizar las principales tendencias del gasto en electricidad de las familias mexicanas desde 1968 y su relacion con el gasto en otros energeticos. La ponencia se desarrolla en dos partes. La primera presenta un esbozo general del comportamiento del ingreso y del gasto de los hogares y de los recursos destinados a la adquisicion de energia. La segunda parte analiza especificamente el gasto en electricidad. Los datos utilizados provienen de la encuesta del Banco de Mexico para el ano 1968; de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de las Familias de la Secretaria de Programacion y Presupuesto (SPP) para el ano de 1977 y de las Encuestas Nacionales de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares elaboradas por el Instituto Nacional de Estadistica Geografia e Informatica (INEGI) para los anos 1984, 1992 y 1994

Risks for abuse against pregnant Hispanic women: Morelos, Mexico and Los Angeles County, California.

Science.gov (United States)

Castro, Roberto; Peek-Asa, Corinne; García, Lorena; Ruiz, Agustín; Kraus, Jess F

2003-11-01

Although violence against women is gaining international attention as a prevention priority, little is known about how risks differ across countries. A comparative study of violence against pregnant Mexican women in Morelos, Mexico, and Latina women in Los Angeles County, California, United States. In 1998 and 1999, women in prenatal clinics were interviewed about psychological abuse and sexual and physical violence by their partner, during and the 1 year prior to the index pregnancy. The overall response rate for Morelos was 99%, with a sample size of 914; Los Angeles County had a response rate of 96.9%, with a sample size of 219. Women in Morelos reported a higher prevalence of violence compared to women in the California (14.8% v 11.9%, respectively). A partner aged child were more than 25 times more likely to be abused during pregnancy than women not reporting this type of abuse. The identification of factors associated with violence against women, especially as they differ by culture and ethnicity, will help clinicians to better identify victims and to design and implement culturally appropriate prevention programs.

Agglomeration economies, growth and the new economic geography in Mexico

OpenAIRE

Alejandro Diaz-Bautista

2005-01-01

El presente estudio sobre el crecimiento economico regional en Mexico se basa en la nueva geografia economica, donde la distancia desempena un papel importante para explicar el crecimiento economico urbano regional. Los resultados muestran que la distancia a la frontera norte de Mexico y la migracion en Mexico, despues de la puesta en marcha del TLCAN, son factores importantes que explican el crecimiento regional estatal y las aglo-meraciones para el periodo 1994 a 2000. Los resultados tambie...

Environmental impact of the nox and results in Mexico of the technologies for its control; Impacto ambiental de los NOx y resultados en Mexico de tecnologias de control

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ribera Flores, Marco Antonio [Nissan Mexicana S. A. de C. V. Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1994-12-31

This paper presents the experience gained in the project development for the installation of three burners for industrial boilers with low nitrogen oxides emission technology. The paper begins with a short reference to the effects on the environment, derived from the generation of these gases in combustion equipment and the reasons why this thermal NOx and the associated NOx are generated. A revision is made of the existing regulations to limit the emissions of these pollutants in industrial equipment in different countries, including Mexico. Mention is made of the existing control technologies and in particular indicating the emission reduction method determined for the burners in functional tests, using propane gas and diesel, before and after installing the control technology, to demonstrate the important reductions obtained. The other results such as the thermal efficiency are also plotted as well as other important pollutant emissions such as CO and CO{sub 2} for the observation of their behavior. [Espanol] El presente trabajo expone la experiencia obtenida en el desarrollo del proyecto de instalacion de tres quemadores para calderas industriales con tecnologia de baja emision de oxidos de nitrogeno. Se inicia haciendo una breve mencion de las repercusiones al medio ambiente que se derivan de la generacion de estos gases en equipos de combustion y las razones por las cuales se generan los NOx termicos y los NOx asociados a los combustibles. Se hace una revision sobre las regulaciones existentes para limitar las emisiones de estos contaminantes en equipos industriales en diferentes paises incluyendo a Mexico. Se mencionan las tecnologias de control existentes y en particular indicando el metodo de reduccion de emisiones determinadas para los quemadores en pruebas funcionales utilizando como combustibles gas propano y diesel antes y despues de instalar la tecnologia de control para demostrar las fuertes reducciones obtenidas, se grafican tambien otros resultados

The daylight saving time in Mexico; El cambio de horario durante la epoca del verano en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Covarrubias Ramos, Rogelio [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1996-12-31

The daylight saving time in Mexico for energy saving is analyzed; such a change is made forwarding the clocks one hour in all Mexico the first Sunday of April and backing them an hour the last Sunday of October. Mention is made the reasons why Mexico adopted this measure, the social-economic impact that brings along and the benefits of this daylight saving time. The case of countries that also apply this measure is analyzed. It is expected that this measure attains benefits for the society either collectively or individually through the ecology and the economy. [Espanol] Se analiza el cambio de horario en la epoca de verano en Mexico para ahorrar energia; dicho cambio se realiza al adelantar una hora al reloj en todo el territorio de Mexico el primer domingo de abril y retrazarlo una hora el ultimo domingo de octubre. Se mencionan las razones por las cuales Mexico adopto esta medida, el impacto socio-economico que traera consigo y los beneficios del cambio de horario. Se aborda la situacion de los paises que tambien aplican esta medida. Se espera que esta medida logre beneficios para la sociedad, ya sea en modo colectivo o individual, para la ecologia y para la economia.

The daylight saving time in Mexico; El cambio de horario durante la epoca del verano en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Covarrubias Ramos, Rogelio [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1997-12-31

The daylight saving time in Mexico for energy saving is analyzed; such a change is made forwarding the clocks one hour in all Mexico the first Sunday of April and backing them an hour the last Sunday of October. Mention is made the reasons why Mexico adopted this measure, the social-economic impact that brings along and the benefits of this daylight saving time. The case of countries that also apply this measure is analyzed. It is expected that this measure attains benefits for the society either collectively or individually through the ecology and the economy. [Espanol] Se analiza el cambio de horario en la epoca de verano en Mexico para ahorrar energia; dicho cambio se realiza al adelantar una hora al reloj en todo el territorio de Mexico el primer domingo de abril y retrazarlo una hora el ultimo domingo de octubre. Se mencionan las razones por las cuales Mexico adopto esta medida, el impacto socio-economico que traera consigo y los beneficios del cambio de horario. Se aborda la situacion de los paises que tambien aplican esta medida. Se espera que esta medida logre beneficios para la sociedad, ya sea en modo colectivo o individual, para la ecologia y para la economia.

Illicit tobacco trade between the United States and Mexico El comercio ilícito de tabaco entre los Estados Unidos y México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John W Colledge III

2012-06-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To provide a brief history of the illicit tobacco trade between Mexico and the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Research included a previously published study: "Cigarette taxes and smuggling: A statistical analysis and historical review", published by the Mackinac Center for Public Policy; US Customs and Border Protection data; various US court documents; General Accountability Office reporting; media reports; other historical material, and a personal interview. RESULTS: The research revealed that there is no credible evidence of organized criminal activity related to the illicit trade in tobacco products from Mexico into the United States. However, there is clear and convincing evidence of organized criminal activity in smuggling tobacco products from the United States into Mexico for at least 167 years. CONCLUSION: Historical records from 1845 into the 21st century clearly demonstrate that the United States was usually the source country for tobacco products moving illegally between the two countries.OBJETIVO: Describir brevemente la historia del comercio ilícito de tabaco entre Estados Unidos y México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La investigación incluye publicaciones previas, como "Impuestos sobre los cigarrillos y el contrabando: Un análisis histórico y estadístico"; datos de la Agencia de Aduanas y Protección Fronteriza; varios documentos de la Corte; los informes de la Oficina General de Rendición de Cuentas de EU; notas de prensa; materiales históricos, y una entrevista personal. RESULTADOS: La investigación reveló que no hay pruebas creíbles de actividad delictiva organizada relacionada con el comercio ilícito de productos de tabaco de México a EU. Sin embargo, hay pruebas claras y convincentes de que esta actividad se ha realizado de EU a México por lo menos durante 167 años. CONCLUSIÓN: Los registros históricos desde el año 1845 claramente demuestran que EU solía ser el país de origen del tabaco ilegal

Penetration of the renewable sources of energy in Mexico: group of approach on possible guidelines for policies for the renewable energies (Annexe 13 in 'A vision of year 2030 on the use of the renewable energies in Mexico'); Penetracion de las fuentes renovables de energia en Mexico: grupo de enfoque sobre posibles lineamientos de politicas para las energias renovables (Anexo 13 en 'Una vision al 2030 de la utilizacion de las energias renovables en Mexico')

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pernudi, Montserrat; Alonso C, Antonio [Analitica Consultores S.A. de C.V., Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

2005-08-15

This report corresponds to the results obtained in the group of consultation to experts on the possible policy guidelines that could favor the penetration of the renewable energies in Mexico, conducted on July 26, 2005 in Mexico City with a small group of approach, the specific objectives of the meeting were: to define possible policy guidelines that help the future penetration of the renewable energies in Mexico between years 2005 and 2030; and to explore possible obstacles for the implantation of such policies. [Spanish] Este informe corresponde a los resultados obtenidos en el grupo de consulta a expertos sobre los posibles lineamientos de politicas que podrian favorecer la penetracion de las energias renovables en Mexico, realizado el 26 de julio de 2005 en la ciudad de Mexico con un pequeno grupo de enfoque, los objetivos especificos de la reunion fueron: definir posibles lineamientos de politica que ayuden a la penetracion futura de las energias renovables en Mexico entre los anos 2005 y 2030; y explorar posibles obstaculos para la implantacion de dichas politicas.

Co-generation and reality Potential in Mexico; Potencial de cogeneracion y realidad en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Comision Nacional para el Ahorro de Energia (CONAE) (Mexico)

2005-07-01

This document deals with the Mexican use of co-generation -the efficient use of the energy- through the support offered by the Comision Nacional para el Ahorro de Energia (CONAE), since this is the agency in charge of fomenting the efficient use of energy by means of actions coordinated with diverse dependencies and organizations of the Administracion Publica Federal and with the governments of the federal entities as well as municipalities, social and private sectors. Among the subjects to be dealt are quality of the electrical and thermal energy, types of fuels that can be used in the co-generation project, the present situation of the co-generation in Mexico and the conditions for their development. [Spanish] Este documento analiza el uso de la cogeneracion en Mexico es decir, el uso eficiente de la energia a traves del apoyo que brinda la Comision Nacional para el Ahorro de Energia (CONAE) ya que es el organo encargado de fomentar la eficiencia en el uso de la energia mediante acciones coordinadas con las diversas dependencias y entidades de la Administracion Publica Federal y con los gobiernos de las entidades federativas y los municipios y, a traves de acciones concertadas, con los sectores social y privado. Se trataran temas como calidad de la energia electrica y termica, los tipos de combustibles que pueden utilizarse en el proyecto de cogeneracion, la situacion actual de la cogeneracion en Mexico y las ccondiciones para su desarrollo.

Comparison of the thermal gain of the more commonly roofing systems used in Mexico`s social dwellings; Comparacion de la ganancia termica de los sistemas de techumbre mas comunmente utilizados en la vivienda social en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fernandez, Alfredo [Division de Estudios de Posgrado de la Facultad de Arquitectura UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico); Morillon, David [Comision Nacional para el Ahorro de Energia (CONAE), Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1996-12-31

Under the frame of discussion of the Mexican Official Standard 008 (Integral Energy Efficiency in non-residential Buildings), and with the purpose of assessing its feasibility and possible extension to residential buildings, this paper, whose objective is to evaluate the roofing systems (opaque) more commonly utilized on the social dwellings in Mexico, is presented. To perform this evaluation the heat gains by conduction through the roofing in different cities were obtained. Later on these heat gains were compared against the energy consumption that would produce its removal in each one of the cases. Finally, thermal resistance values (R) that allow, in significant form diminishing such gains, are presented, producing in consequence, a thermally efficient building. [Espanol] Dentro del marco de discusion de la Norma Oficial Mexicana 008 (Eficiencia energetica integral en edificios no residenciales), y con el fin de evaluar su factibilidad y posible extension hacia las edificaciones residenciales, se presenta este trabajo que tiene como objetivo la evaluacion de los sistemas de techumbre (opacos) mas comunmente utilizados dentro de la vivienda social en Mexico. Para realizar esta evaluacion se obtuvieron las ganancias por conduccion a traves del techo para distintas ciudades. Posteriormente, se compararon dichas ganancias contra el consumo de energia que produciria la remocion de las mismas en cada uno de los casos. Finalmente, se proponen valores de Resistencia Termica (R) que permitan disminuir de manera importante dichas ganancias teniendo, en consecuencia, una edificacion energeticamente eficiente.

Comparison of the thermal gain of the more commonly roofing systems used in Mexico`s social dwellings; Comparacion de la ganancia termica de los sistemas de techumbre mas comunmente utilizados en la vivienda social en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fernandez, Alfredo [Division de Estudios de Posgrado de la Facultad de Arquitectura UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico); Morillon, David [Comision Nacional para el Ahorro de Energia (CONAE), Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1997-12-31

Under the frame of discussion of the Mexican Official Standard 008 (Integral Energy Efficiency in non-residential Buildings), and with the purpose of assessing its feasibility and possible extension to residential buildings, this paper, whose objective is to evaluate the roofing systems (opaque) more commonly utilized on the social dwellings in Mexico, is presented. To perform this evaluation the heat gains by conduction through the roofing in different cities were obtained. Later on these heat gains were compared against the energy consumption that would produce its removal in each one of the cases. Finally, thermal resistance values (R) that allow, in significant form diminishing such gains, are presented, producing in consequence, a thermally efficient building. [Espanol] Dentro del marco de discusion de la Norma Oficial Mexicana 008 (Eficiencia energetica integral en edificios no residenciales), y con el fin de evaluar su factibilidad y posible extension hacia las edificaciones residenciales, se presenta este trabajo que tiene como objetivo la evaluacion de los sistemas de techumbre (opacos) mas comunmente utilizados dentro de la vivienda social en Mexico. Para realizar esta evaluacion se obtuvieron las ganancias por conduccion a traves del techo para distintas ciudades. Posteriormente, se compararon dichas ganancias contra el consumo de energia que produciria la remocion de las mismas en cada uno de los casos. Finalmente, se proponen valores de Resistencia Termica (R) que permitan disminuir de manera importante dichas ganancias teniendo, en consecuencia, una edificacion energeticamente eficiente.

Penetration of the renewable sources of energy in Mexico: group of approach on possible guidelines for policies for the renewable energies (Annexe 13 in 'A vision of year 2030 on the use of the renewable energies in Mexico'); Penetracion de las fuentes renovables de energia en Mexico: grupo de enfoque sobre posibles lineamientos de politicas para las energias renovables (Anexo 13 en 'Una vision al 2030 de la utilizacion de las energias renovables en Mexico')

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pernudi, Montserrat; Alonso C, Antonio [Analitica Consultores S.A. de C.V., Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

2005-08-15

This report corresponds to the results obtained in the group of consultation to experts on the possible policy guidelines that could favor the penetration of the renewable energies in Mexico, conducted on July 26, 2005 in Mexico City with a small group of approach, the specific objectives of the meeting were: to define possible policy guidelines that help the future penetration of the renewable energies in Mexico between years 2005 and 2030; and to explore possible obstacles for the implantation of such policies. [Spanish] Este informe corresponde a los resultados obtenidos en el grupo de consulta a expertos sobre los posibles lineamientos de politicas que podrian favorecer la penetracion de las energias renovables en Mexico, realizado el 26 de julio de 2005 en la ciudad de Mexico con un pequeno grupo de enfoque, los objetivos especificos de la reunion fueron: definir posibles lineamientos de politica que ayuden a la penetracion futura de las energias renovables en Mexico entre los anos 2005 y 2030; y explorar posibles obstaculos para la implantacion de dichas politicas.

A new aeolian generator for Mexico; Un nuevo generador eolico para Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Voronin, Boris; Gomez Reyna, Jose Antonio; Zerquera Izquierdo, Mariano David; Cardenas Grajales, Juan Jose; Zamora Quintana, Laura Angelica [Universidad de Guadalajara (Mexico)

2009-07-01

The use of wind kinetic energy to produce electrical energy is one of the most powerful alternatives for the human being, to avoid the risk of being in the threshold of the age of stone. In the present work, different types from aero generators are analyzed and a new generator developed by one of the authors of this article is presented. Its high efficiency is presented in comparison with the helical generators that at the moment are dominant in the construction of Aeolian mills. Perspectives of exploitation of the kinetic energy of the wind in Mexico are analyzed. A resolution model of the problem of obtaining constant parameters of electrical output, to conditions of variable mechanical parameters of entrance is shown. An example is shown of the construction of Aeolian parks that can cover all the needs of electrical energy in Mexico. [Spanish] El uso de la energia cinetica del viento para la obtencion de la energia electrica, es una de las alternativas mas poderosas para el ser humano, para evitar el riesgo de estar al umbral de la edad de piedra. En el trabajo presente, se analizan diferentes tipos de aerogeneradores y se presenta un nuevo generador desarrollado por uno de los autores de este articulo. Se muestra su alta eficiencia en comparacion con los generadores helicoidales que actualmente son dominantes en la construccion de molinos eolicos. Se analizan perspectivas de aprovechamiento de la energia cinetica del viento en Mexico. Se muestra un modelo de resolucion del problema de la obtencion de parametros de salida electricos constantes, a condiciones de los parametros mecanicos de entrada variables. Se muestra un ejemplo de la construccion de parques eolicos que pueden cubrir todas las necesidades de energia electrica en Mexico.

Study of potentials bio energy, aeolian, miniature hydraulic and solar in Mexico (Annexe 9 in 'A vision of year 2030 on the use of the renewable energies in Mexico'); Estudio de los potenciales bioenergetico, eolico, minihidraulico y solar en Mexico (Anexo 9 en 'Una vision al 2030 de la utilizacion de las energias renovables en Mexico')

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saldana Flores, Ricardo; Miranda Miranda, Ubaldo [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)

2005-08-15

In this report we can observe maps and studies made about the evaluation of the bio energy potential of co-generation of electricity in the sugar industry and the sweepings, of the wind power potential in Latin America, the Caribbean and the Mexican Republic, of the miniature hydraulic potential and the hydro energy resources whereupon it counts country and, of the solar potential in which the OLADE presents/displays for Mexico the monthly maps of solar radiation maximum direct total and in Wm{sup 2}. [Spanish] En este reporte podemos observar mapas y estudios realizados acerca de la evaluacion del potencial bioenergetico de cogeneracion de electricidad en la industria azucarera y la basura, del potencial eoloenergetico en America Latina, el Caribe y la Republica Mexicana, del potencial minihidraulico y los recursos hidroenergeticos con que cuenta el pais y, del potencial solar en el cual la OLADE presenta para Mexico los mapas mensuales de radiacion solar maxima total y directa en W/m{sup 2}.

Morbidity and mortality in Los Alamos County, New Mexico. I. Methodological issues and preliminary results

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stebbings, J.H. Jr.; Voelz, G.L.

1981-01-01

Cancer among Los Alamos County, New Mexico, male residents, all of whom have worked in or have lived within a few kilometers of a major plutonium plant and other nuclear facilities, has been reviewed with respect to mortality between 1950 and 1969 and incidence between 1969 and 1974. Several potentially causal occupational exposures have existed. Higher than expected incidence, currently, of cancers of the colon and rectum appears to be explained better by socioeconomic than occupational factors. Healthy worker and healthy military effects, white ethnicity, and migration are discussed as intervening variables relevant to interpreting mortality data in counties dominated by a single major facility. The utility of county data bases in the study of single local area mortality rates is reviewed

Natural gas expectations in Mexico a United States analyst's perspective

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Foss, Michelle Michot [Energy Institute, University of Houston, TX (United States)

1996-07-01

The United States has a mature nature gas infrastructure but still needs continued improvements and expansion. Natural gas policy in the United States at both the federal and state level has generally not provide the right incentives or signals to producers, transports, distributors or customers and, as a result, natural gas not enjoy the market share that it probably should have. In 1973, natural gas consumption in the United States was 30 percent of total energy consumption. In 1994, the share for natural gas was 25 percent. Looking at the United States experience, natural gas has potential in Mexico, but there are constraints. It is useful to keep in mind the size of Mexico's market relative to her resource base of about 70 tcf of proven reserves and the potential and probable reserves that are likely to exist. Therefore, rational decision-makers will also need to consider whether Mexico could do well by exporting natural gas to the United States. [Spanish] Los Estados Unidos tienen una infraestructura madura en gas natural, pero aun necesita mejoras continuas y expansion. La politica de gas natural en los Estados Unidos, tanto en el ambito federal como en el ambito estatal, generalmente no ha proporcionado los incentivos o senales adecuados a los productores, transportadores, distribuidores o clientes y, como resultado, el gas natural no disfruta de la participacion en el mercado que probablemente deberia tener. En 1973, el consumo de gas natural era del 30 % del total del consumo de energia. En 1994, la participacion del gas natural fue del 25%. Viendo la experiencia de los Estados Unidos, el gas natural tiene potencial en Mexico. Pero existen factores limitantes. Es conveniente tener presente el tamano del mercado de Mexico en relacion con su recurso basico de sus reservas probadas de alrededor de 70 tcf y el potencial y probables reservas que pudieran existir. Por lo tanto, los responsables de las decisiones racionales tendran tambien la necesidad de

Description of the international scenarios and the renewable energies (Chapter 4 in 'A vision of year 2030 on the use of the renewable energies in Mexico'); Descripcion de los escenarios internacionales y las energias renovables (Capitulo 4 en 'Una vision al 2030 de la utilizacion de las energias renovables en Mexico')

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mulas del Pozo, Pablo [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2005-08-15

In this chapter, energy scenarios made by different organizations are described, the majority foreign, and they do not represent an official version of the Secretaria de Energia of the Mexican government. 1. The IEO-2004, Projections to year 2025 of the Energy Information Agency (EIA) of the Department of Energy of the USA (DOE, USA). - it describes the world-wide energy situation with historical information (1970-2000) and projections to the future (2001-2025); 2. The WOE-2004, Projections to year 2030 of the Agency International of Energy of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (AIE-OECD) - it describes the world-wide energy situation with historical information (1971-2002) and projections to the future (2002-2030); 3. The scenarios of Shell to year 2050; 4, Scenarios to year 2025 of the Agency International of Energy oriented to a sustainable future: it is a document published in the 2003, it contains the results of an exercise to develop three exploratory scenarios and a formative scenario/projections; 5. The study of the World-wide Council of Energy on the activators of the energy sector; 6. Other scenarios for Mexico are: Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation, GEO-Mexico and the Centro de Investigacion de Energia de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. [Spanish] En este capitulo, se describen escenarios energeticos a largo plazo realizados por diferentes entidades, la mayoria extranjeras, y no representan una version oficial de la Secretaria de Energia del gobierno de Mexico. 1. El IEO-2004, Proyecciones al 2025 de la Energy Information Agency (EIA) del departamento de energia de los EUA (DOE, USA).- describe la situacion energetica mundial con informacion historica (1970-2000) y proyecciones a futuro (2001-2025); 2. El WOE-2004, Proyecciones al 2030 de la Agencia Internacional de Energia de la Organizacion para la Cooperacion y el Desarrollo Economico (AIE-OCDE).- describe la situacion energetica mundial con informacion historica

Estimating solar resources in Mexico using cloud cover data

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Renne, David; George, Ray; Brady, Liz; Marion, Bill [National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Colorado (United States); Estrada Cajigal, Vicente [Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)

2000-07-01

This paper presents the results of applying the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) Climatological Solar Radiation (CSR) model to Mexico to develop solar resource data. A major input to the CSR model is a worldwide surface and satellite-derived cloud cover database, called the Real Time Nephanalysis (RTNEPH). The RTNEPH is developed by the U.S. Air Force and distributed by the U.S. National Climatic Data Center. The RTNEPH combines routine ground-based cloud cover observations made every three hours at national weather centers throughout the world with satellite-derived cloud cover information developed from polar orbiting weather satellites. The data are geospatially digitized so that multilayerd cloud cover information is available on a grid of approximately 40-km to a side. The development of this database is an ongoing project that now covers more than twenty years of observations. For the North America analysis (including Mexico) we used an 8-year summarized histogram of the RTNEPH that provides monthly average cloud cover information for the period 1985-1992. The CSR model also accounts for attenuation of the solar beam due to aerosols, atmospheric trace gases, and water vapor. The CSR model outputs monthly average direct normal, global horizontal and diffuse solar information for each of the 40-km grid cells. From this information it is also possible to produce solar resource estimates for various solar collector types and orientations, such as flat plate collectors oriented at latitude tilt, or concentrating solar power collectors. Model results are displayed using Geographic Information System software. CSR model results for Mexico are presented here, along with a discussion of earlier solar resource assessment studies for Mexico, where both modeling approaches and measurement analyses have been used. [Spanish] Este articulo presenta los resultados de aplicar el modelo Radiacion Solar Climatologica CSR del NREL (National Renewable Energy

Estimation of the resource and technological prospective of geothermal energy in Mexico (Annexe 3 in 'A vision of year 2030 on the use of the renewable energies in Mexico'); Estimacion del recurso y prospectiva tecnologica de la geotermia en Mexico (Anexo 3 en 'Una vision al 2030 de la utilizacion de las energias renovables en Mexico')

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iglesias R, Eduardo; Arellano G, Victor; Torres R, Rodolfo Joaquin [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)

2005-08-15

Due to its individual geologic-structural characteristics, Mexico counts on abundant geothermal resources. At the moment we count on a database that includes 2,332 geothermal manifestations distributed in 27 of the 32 Mexican states, the geothermal resources are classified as high temperature and intermediate or low temperature resources. Those of high temperature can be used for the generation of electrical energy. Those of intermediate to low temperature are more appropriate for direct applications of the geothermal heat. As of today, in Mexico exist four geothermal fields of high temperature that are being exploded for the electrical generation. [Spanish] Debido a sus particulares caracteristicas geologico-estructurales, Mexico cuenta con abundantes recursos geotermicos. Actualmente contamos con una base de datos que incluye 2,332 manifestaciones geotermicas distribuidas en 27 de los 32 estados mexicanos, los recursos geotermicos se clasifican en de alta temperatura y recursos de temperatura intermedia a baja. Los de alta temperatura pueden utilizarse para la generacion de energia electrica. Los de temperatura intermedia a baja son mas apropiados para aplicaciones directas del calor geotermico. Actualmente en Mexico existen cuatro campos geotermicos de alta temperatura que estan siendo explotados para la generacion electrica.

Geochemistry of the thermal springs from Piedras de Lumbre Zone, Chihuahua, Mexico; Geoquimica de los manantiales termales de la zona de Piedras de Lumbre, Chihuahua, Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tello Hinojosa, Enrique [Gerencia de Proyectos Geotermoelectricos de la Comision Federal de Electricidad, Morelia (Mexico)

1996-01-01

Chemical analysis of water produced by 12 hot springs in the geothermal areas of Recubichi and Piedras de Lumbre, Chihuahua, Mexico were carried out in order to establish the geochemical characteristic of the groundwater and to know their interaction with deeper geothermal fluids. We made two sampling of water and gases in 1984 and 1995. The chemical composition of waters produced by the springs is of sulfate alkaline type. It was found, according to the Na:K:Mg relative content that most hot springs are located in the partial equilibrium zone, whereas the lowest temperature hot springs shift toward the groundwaters domain. The temperature estimated from gas geothermometry was 187 degrees celsius. It was found that the He has a deep origin, whereas the N{sub 2} is of atmospheric origin. Methane was not detected, suggesting that equilibria between gases and the liquid phase was reached at temperatures over 150 degrees celsius. The chemical compositions for the springs at Recubichi and Piedras de Lumbre zones are similar, so, it suggests that they have the same origin. The water quality of the springs for agricultural use, is classified between C2-S2 and C2-S3 types, that suggest that this water can be used for irrigation. The arsenic element was not detected and the concentration for the boron element is lower that 0.175 ppm. [Espanol] Los analisis quimicos de agua de 12 manantiales y 4 fumarolas de las zonas de Recubichi y Piedras de Lumbre, Chihuahua, Mexico fueron estudiados con el fin de conocer las caracteristicas geoquimicas del acuifero somero y su interaccion con fluidos geotermicos. Se realizaron 2 muestreos tanto de agua como de gases en 1984 y 1995. En ambos muestreos se encontro que la composicioon quimica del agua de todos los manantiales es del tipo sulfatado-sodico. De acuerdo con el contenido relativo de Na:K:Mg el agua de los manantiales mas calientes (93 grados celsius), se ubica en la zona de equilibrio parcial, mientras que en los de menor

Salt deposits of Los Medanos Area, Eddy and Lea counties, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jones, C.L.; Cooley, M.E.; Bachman, G.O.

1973-01-01

The salt deposits of Los Medanos area, in Eddy and Lea Counties, southeastern New Mexico, are being considered for possible use as a receptacle for radioactive wastes in a pilot-plant repository. The salt deposits of the area are in three evaporite formations: the Castile, Salado, and Rustler formations, in ascending order. The three formations are dominantly anhydrite and rock salt; but some gypsum, potassium ores, carbonate rock, and fine-grained clastic rocks are present. They have combined thicknesses of slightly more than 4000 feet, of which roughly one-half belongs to the Salado. Both the Castile and the Rustler are richer in anhydrite and poorer in rock salt than the Salado, and they provide this salt-rich formation with considerable protection from any fluids which might be present in underlying or overlying rocks. The Salado Formation contains many thick seams of rock salt at moderate depths below the surface. The rock salt has a substantial cover of well-consolidated rocks, and it is very little deformed structurally. 37 refs., 48 figs., 4 tabs

Influence of mental disorders on school dropout in Mexico Influencia de los trastornos mentales en el abandono escolar en México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guilherme Borges

2011-11-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of mental disorders on failure in educational attainment in Mexico. METHODS: Diagnoses and age of onset for each of 16 DSM-IV disorders were assessed through retrospective self-reports with the Composite International Diagnostic Instrument (CIDI during fieldwork in 2001-2002. Survival analysis was used to examine associations between early onset DSM-IV/CIDI disorders and subsequent school dropout or failure to reach educational milestones. RESULTS: More than one of two Mexicans did not complete secondary education. More than one-third of those who finished secondary education did not enter college, and one of four students who entered college did not graduate. Impulse control disorders and substance use disorders were associated with higher risk for school dropout, secondary school dropout and to a lesser degree failure to enter college. Anxiety disorders were associated with lower risk for school dropout, especially secondary school dropout and, to a lesser degree, primary school dropout. CONCLUSIONS: The heterogeneity of results found in Mexico may be due to the effect of mental disorders being diminished or masked by the much greater effect of economic hardship and low cultural expectations for educational achievement. Future research should inquire deeper into possible reasons for the better performance of students with anxiety disorders in developing countries.OBJETIVO: Estudiar la repercusión de los trastornos mentales en el fracaso escolar en México. MÉTODOS: De septiembre del 2001 a mayo del 2002, se evaluaron los diagnósticos y la edad de aparición para cada uno de los 16 trastornos del DSM-IV mediante autoinformes retrospectivos recogidos por medio de la Entrevista Diagnóstica Internacional Compuesta (CIDI. Se empleó el análisis de supervivencia para analizar las asociaciones entre los trastornos del DSM-IV/CIDI de aparición temprana y el subsiguiente abandono escolar o fracaso en el logro de los

Penetration of the renewable sources of energy in Mexico: group of approach on possible carrying future events for the renewable energies (Annexe 12 in 'A vision of year 2030 on the use of the renewable energies in Mexico'); Penetracion de las fuentes renovables de energia en Mexico: grupo de enfoque sobre posibles eventos portadores de futuro para las energias renovables (Anexo 12 en 'Una vision al 2030 de la utilizacion de las energias renovables en Mexico')

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pernudi, Montserrat; Alonso C, Antonio [Analitica Consultores SA de CV, Mexico DF (Mexico)

2005-08-15

This report corresponds to the results obtained in the group of consultation to experts on possible events or carrying future events, that is to say, events that in happening could be determinant for the later evolution of the renewable energies in Mexico. Conducted on May 26, 2005 in Mexico City with a small group of approach, the objectives of the meeting were to define possible events or relevant carrying future events for the evolution of the renewable energies in Mexico between years 2005 and 2030 and, to explore the most relevant components of possible scenarios on the future evolution (2005-2030) of the renewable energies in Mexico. [Spanish] Este informe corresponde a los resultados obtenidos en el grupo de consulta a expertos sobre posibles eventos o sucesos portadores de futuro, esto es, eventos que de ocurrir podrian ser determinantes para la evolucion posterior de las energias renovables en Mexico, realizado el 26 de mayo de 2005 en la ciudad de Mexico con un pequeno grupo de enfoque. Los objetivos de la reunion: definir posibles eventos o sucesos portadores de futuro relevantes para la evolucion de las energias renovables en Mexico entre los anos 2005 y 2030 y, explorar los componentes mas relevantes de posibles escenarios sobre la evolucion futura (2005-2030) de las energias renovables en Mexico.

The environmental policy in Mexico: Crisis and perspectives; La politica ambiental en Mexico: Crisis y perspectivas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Urquidi, Victor [Colegio de Mexico, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1997-12-31

In this paper some aspects of the environmental situation in Mexico are condensed. The main roll performed by the modality of the energy resources consumption and the evolution of the environmental policy in Mexico from 1971 to 1996 is analyzed. It is concluded that in Mexico it has not been able to define the environmental policy in all its extension requiring, therefore, a greater participation of all the sectors to protect Nature and fight against the industrial and municipal pollution [Espanol] En esta ponencia se resumen algunos aspectos de la situacion ambiental actual de Mexico. Se analiza el papel central desempenado por la modalidad del consumo de energeticos y la evolucion de la politica ambiental en Mexico desde 1971 hasta 1996. Se concluye en que la politica ambiental en Mexico no se ha podido definir todavia en todos sus alcances por lo que se requiere una mayor participacion de todos los sectores para proteger la naturaleza y combatir la contaminacion industrial y municipal

The environmental policy in Mexico: Crisis and perspectives; La politica ambiental en Mexico: Crisis y perspectivas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Urquidi, Victor [Colegio de Mexico, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1996-12-31

In this paper some aspects of the environmental situation in Mexico are condensed. The main roll performed by the modality of the energy resources consumption and the evolution of the environmental policy in Mexico from 1971 to 1996 is analyzed. It is concluded that in Mexico it has not been able to define the environmental policy in all its extension requiring, therefore, a greater participation of all the sectors to protect Nature and fight against the industrial and municipal pollution [Espanol] En esta ponencia se resumen algunos aspectos de la situacion ambiental actual de Mexico. Se analiza el papel central desempenado por la modalidad del consumo de energeticos y la evolucion de la politica ambiental en Mexico desde 1971 hasta 1996. Se concluye en que la politica ambiental en Mexico no se ha podido definir todavia en todos sus alcances por lo que se requiere una mayor participacion de todos los sectores para proteger la naturaleza y combatir la contaminacion industrial y municipal

The Sierra Pena Blanca (Mexico) and the Meseta Los Frailes (Bolivia): the uranium concentration mechanisms in volcanic environment during hydrothermal processes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leroy, J.L.; Aniel, B.; Poty, B.

1987-01-01

Tertiary felsic volcanics of the Sierra Pena Blanca in Mexico host potentially economic uranium deposits, and of Meseta Los Frailes in Bolivia contain interesting U anomalies but no significant deposits. A comparative study of the two uranium districts reveals differences that may explain the different degrees of U concentration. The host ignimbrite in Mexico, namely the Nopal Formation dated at 44 Myr. ago, is potassic alkaline rhyolite which is poorly compacted and contains phenocrysts of quartz, orthoclase, ilmenite and magnetite, totalling 30% of the rock. Vapour phase crystallization is well developed in the Mexican tuff, and has led to a primary concentration of labile U not tied up in refractory accessory minerals, as shown by fission-track studies. The Bolivian tuffs lack such vapour phase primary concentration of U. Subsequent hydrothermal alteration, in particular kaolinization is intense in the Mexican district, but is relatively less intense in the Bolivian one. It is postulated that an intense hydrothermal activity, probably of prolonged duration, in rocks displaying primary enrichment of labile U, is essential to form volcanogenic U deposits of the type found in Mexico. 26 refs.; 13 figs.; 3 plates; 3 tabs

Analysis of gasoline and diesel prices and subsidies in Mexico, 2007-2011; Analisis de los precios y de los subsidios a las gasolinas y el diesel en Mexico, 2007-2011

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tepach M, Reyes [LXI legislatura, Camara de Diputados (Mexico)

2011-07-15

subsidy was 56,153.3 mp and for 2011 Congress estimated a transfer to consumers of 9,631.3 mp. [Spanish] A partir de diciembre del 2009, el Gobierno Federal reinicio los deslizamientos mensuales de los precios de las gasolinas y el diesel con el objetivo de reducir los subsidios a favor de los consumidores nacionales: de diciembre del 2009 a julio del 2011, la gasolina Premium paso de 9.57 a 10.38 pesos por litro; la Magna de 7.77 a 9.32 pesos por litro y el diesel de 8.16 a 9.68 pesos por litro. El subsidio a las gasolinas y el diesel durante el ano 2011 tuvieron el siguiente comportamiento: En diciembre del 2009, el precio de la gasolina Premium en Mexico era 27 centavos por litro mas caro que el registrado en Estados Unidos, en julio del 2011 fue de 1.12 pesos por litro mas barato en nuestro pais. Respecto a la gasolina Magna, en diciembre del 2009 mantenia un subsidio de 64 centavos por litro, en julio del 2011 fue de 1.33 pesos por litro mas barata en nuestro pais. Por ultimo, el precio del Diesel mantuvo un subsidio de 1 peso por litro en diciembre del 2009, incrementandose a 2.11 pesos por litro en julio del 2011 con respecto al precio observado en Estados Unidos. Respecto a la estimacion monetaria de los ingresos que la industria de las gasolineras dejara de percibir por el diferencial de precios de estos petroliferos: Durante el ano 2010, fue de 41 mil 421.27 millones de pesos (mdp), distribuido de la siguiente manera: para la gasolina Magna fue de -21 mil 246.55 mdp, para la Premium fue de 597.22 mdp y para el Diesel fue de -20 mil 771.94 mdp. Para el periodo enero-julio del 2011, el monto total de los ingresos que la industria ha dejado de percibir ha sido de 48 mil 976.19 mdp, distribuido de la siguiente manera: para la gasolina Magna fue de -28 mil 400.9 mdp, para la Premium fue de -1 mil 707.6 mdp y para el Diesel fue de -18 mil 867.8 mdp. Notese que el 57.99% de la perdida de este ingreso se genera a traves del consumo de la gasolina Magna, porque mantiene

Assessment of the greenhouse gases in Mexico: Importance of the electric sector; Inventario de gases de invernadero en Mexico: Importancia del sector electrico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sheinbaum Pardo, Claudia [Instituto de Ingenieria, UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1997-12-31

In this paper are presented the principal results of the various studies on energy end uses developed by the Grupo de Energia y Ambiente del Instituto de Ingenieria de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM Group of Energy and Environment) for years 1987 and 1993, emphasizing on the emissions originated by the generation of electricity and for the following greenhouse effect gases: carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and methane (CH{sub 4}). Also, a comparison is presented among Mexico and other Latin America countries based on statistics of OLADE (Latin American Organization of Energy) [Espanol] En este trabajo se presentan los principales resultados de estudios diversos sobre usos finales de energia desarrollados por el Grupo de Energia y Ambiente del Instituto de Ingenieria de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) para los anos 1987 y 1993, poniendo enfasis en las emisiones debidas a la generacion de electricidad y para los siguientes gases de efecto invernadero: bioxido de carbono (CO{sub 2}), monoxido de carbono (CO), oxidos de nitrogeno (NOx) y metano (HC{sub 4}). Asi mismo se presenta una comparacion entre Mexico y otros paises de Latinoamerica basado en estadisticas de la Organizacion Latinoamericana de Energia

Assessment of the greenhouse gases in Mexico: Importance of the electric sector; Inventario de gases de invernadero en Mexico: Importancia del sector electrico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sheinbaum Pardo, Claudia [Instituto de Ingenieria, UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1996-12-31

In this paper are presented the principal results of the various studies on energy end uses developed by the Grupo de Energia y Ambiente del Instituto de Ingenieria de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM Group of Energy and Environment) for years 1987 and 1993, emphasizing on the emissions originated by the generation of electricity and for the following greenhouse effect gases: carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and methane (CH{sub 4}). Also, a comparison is presented among Mexico and other Latin America countries based on statistics of OLADE (Latin American Organization of Energy) [Espanol] En este trabajo se presentan los principales resultados de estudios diversos sobre usos finales de energia desarrollados por el Grupo de Energia y Ambiente del Instituto de Ingenieria de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) para los anos 1987 y 1993, poniendo enfasis en las emisiones debidas a la generacion de electricidad y para los siguientes gases de efecto invernadero: bioxido de carbono (CO{sub 2}), monoxido de carbono (CO), oxidos de nitrogeno (NOx) y metano (HC{sub 4}). Asi mismo se presenta una comparacion entre Mexico y otros paises de Latinoamerica basado en estadisticas de la Organizacion Latinoamericana de Energia

Institutional effectiveness of energy efficiency national programs: Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Uruguay cases; Eficacia institucional de los programas nacionales de eficiencia energetica: los casos del Brasil, Chile, Mexico y el Uruguay

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ruchansky, Beno [Division de Recursos Naturales e Infraestructura de la CEPAL (Chile); De Buen Rodriguez, Odon [Energia, Tecnologia y Educacion, S.C., ENTE, S.C. (Mexico); Januzzi, Gilberto; Romero, Andres

2011-05-15

supports the implementation of mechanisms, programs and policies to promote EE. [Spanish] En este trabajo se aborda la experiencia de cuatro paises latinoamericanos en temas relacionados con la Eficiencia Energetica (EE), con especial enfasis en la creacion de la institucionalidad requerida para el desarrollo de politicas, programas y mecanismos de promocion de la EE, y su eficacia para el logro de tal fin. El amplio abanico de situaciones que presenta el estudio de los casos nacionales de Brasil, Chile, Mexico y Uruguay, asi como la riqueza de sus experiencias, pueden constituir un importante aporte para la promocion de la EE en la region. Brasil destaca por su larga y rica trayectoria en el campo de la promocion de la EE. Entre esos antecedentes sobresale la labor realizada desde 1985 por el PROCEL, un programa federal con base de operacion en ELETROBRAS, que oficio en gran parte del periodo como coordinador nacional de las actividades de EE en el sector electrico y fue responsable de la exitosa implementacion de actividades de fomento a la EE en multiples areas. Si bien el PROCEL y CONPET siguen cumpliendo un importante rol, a lo largo del tiempo, se han ido incorporando otros actores a las actividades relacionadas con la EE, constatandose en los ultimos anos un gradual traspaso de las actividades de dichos programas hacia las principales agencias del sector, particularmente MME, ANEEL, ANP y EPE. Actualmente Brasil presenta una extensa red de instituciones publicas y privadas que actuan en el ambito de la EE, asi como un marco normativo favorable al impulso de la EE, con recursos y mecanismos regulatorios adecuados para financiar y orientar dichas actividades. No obstante la multiplicidad de iniciativas implementadas, estas no constituyen aun una politica nacional de EE. En este sentido es perceptible la necesidad de una mayor coordinacion institucional que permita una mejor convergencia de resultados, aprovechamiento de las economias de escala y que genere

Institutional effectiveness of energy efficiency national programs: Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Uruguay cases; Eficacia institucional de los programas nacionales de eficiencia energetica: los casos del Brasil, Chile, Mexico y el Uruguay

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ruchansky, Beno [Division de Recursos Naturales e Infraestructura de la CEPAL (Chile); De Buen Rodriguez, Odon [Energia, Tecnologia y Educacion, S.C., ENTE, S.C. (Mexico); Januzzi, Gilberto; Romero, Andres

2011-05-15

implementation of mechanisms, programs and policies to promote EE. [Spanish] En este trabajo se aborda la experiencia de cuatro paises latinoamericanos en temas relacionados con la Eficiencia Energetica (EE), con especial enfasis en la creacion de la institucionalidad requerida para el desarrollo de politicas, programas y mecanismos de promocion de la EE, y su eficacia para el logro de tal fin. El amplio abanico de situaciones que presenta el estudio de los casos nacionales de Brasil, Chile, Mexico y Uruguay, asi como la riqueza de sus experiencias, pueden constituir un importante aporte para la promocion de la EE en la region. Brasil destaca por su larga y rica trayectoria en el campo de la promocion de la EE. Entre esos antecedentes sobresale la labor realizada desde 1985 por el PROCEL, un programa federal con base de operacion en ELETROBRAS, que oficio en gran parte del periodo como coordinador nacional de las actividades de EE en el sector electrico y fue responsable de la exitosa implementacion de actividades de fomento a la EE en multiples areas. Si bien el PROCEL y CONPET siguen cumpliendo un importante rol, a lo largo del tiempo, se han ido incorporando otros actores a las actividades relacionadas con la EE, constatandose en los ultimos anos un gradual traspaso de las actividades de dichos programas hacia las principales agencias del sector, particularmente MME, ANEEL, ANP y EPE. Actualmente Brasil presenta una extensa red de instituciones publicas y privadas que actuan en el ambito de la EE, asi como un marco normativo favorable al impulso de la EE, con recursos y mecanismos regulatorios adecuados para financiar y orientar dichas actividades. No obstante la multiplicidad de iniciativas implementadas, estas no constituyen aun una politica nacional de EE. En este sentido es perceptible la necesidad de una mayor coordinacion institucional que permita una mejor convergencia de resultados, aprovechamiento de las economias de escala y que genere oportunidades para la

Atmospheric electric field effects of cosmic rays detected in Mexico City

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonzalez, L. X; Valdes-Galicia, J. F [Instituto de Geofisica, Universidad National Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F(Mexico)

2006-10-15

We studied the possible effects of atmospheric electric fields, generated in thunderstorms, on the cosmic ray intensity detected at the Earth's surface by investigating the variations of the counting rates of the cosmic-ray nucleonic component, obtained from the neutron monitor installed in Mexico City, for thunderstorms during 1996 and 1997. These were years of minimum solar activity. We compare our experimental results with the general theory of cosmic ray meteorological effects by Dorman (1995). The observed intensity variation is about 0.2%. According to Dorman (1995), the effect should be between 0.27% and 0.81% on the counting rate of the neutron monitor when the atmospheric electric field intensities are around 100 to 300 Vcm-1.Our results show that either the electric field in Mexico City had less intensity than assumed by Dorman (1995), or the electric field is not uniform in time and height during the development of the thunderstorm. [Spanish] Estudiamos los posibles efectos de los campos electricos atmosfericos, generados en las tormentas electricas, sobre la intensidad de los rayos cosmicos detectados en la superficie terrestre, analizando las variaciones de las razones de conteo de la componente nucleonica de los rayos cosmicos, obtenidas por el monitor de neutrones instalado en la ciudad de Mexico, durante tormentas electricas ocurridas entre 1996 y 1997, anos del minimo solar. Comparamos nuestros resultados experimentales con la teoria general de los efectos meteorologicos en los rayos cosmicos, desarrollada por Dorman (1995). Se observo una variacion en la intensidad de alrededor de 0.2%. De acuerdo con Dorman (1995), el efecto puede estar entre 0.27 % y 0.81% en las razones de conteo del monitor de neutrones cuando las intensidades del campo electrico atmosferico se encuentran al rededor de 100 a 300 Vcm-1. Nuestros resultados muestran que los campos electricos en la ciudad de Mexico tuvieron menos intensidad que los campos electricos asumidos

NOISY DISPERSION CURVE PICKING (NDCP): a Matlab friendly suite package for fully control dispersion curve picking

Science.gov (United States)

Granados, I.; Calo, M.; Ramos, V.

2017-12-01

We developed a Matlab suite package (NDCP, Noisy Dispersion Curve Picking) that allows a full control over parameters to identify correctly group velocity dispersion curves in two types of datasets: correlograms between two stations or surface wave records from earthquakes. Using the frequency-time analysis (FTAN), the procedure to obtain the dispersion curves from records with a high noise level becomes difficult, and sometimes, the picked curve result in a misinterpreted character. For correlogram functions, obtained with cross-correlation of noise records or earthquake's coda, a non-homogeneous noise sources distribution yield to a non-symmetric Green's function (GF); to retrieve the complete information contained in there, NDCP allows to pick the dispersion curve in the time domain both in the causal and non-causal part of the GF. Then the picked dispersion curve is displayed on the FTAN diagram to in order to check if it matches with the maximum of the signal energy avoiding confusion with overtones or spike of noise. To illustrate how NDCP performs, we show exemple using: i) local correlograms functions obtained from sensors deployed into a volcanic caldera (Los Humeros, in Puebla, Mexico), ii) regional correlograms functions between two stations of the National Seismological Service (SSN, Servicio Sismológico Nacional in Spanish), and iii) surface wave seismic record for an earthquake located in the Pacific Ocean coast of Mexico and recorded by the SSN. This work is supported by the GEMEX project (Geothermal Europe-Mexico consortium).

Description of the international scenarios and the renewable energies (Chapter 4 in 'A vision of year 2030 on the use of the renewable energies in Mexico'); Descripcion de los escenarios internacionales y las energias renovables (Capitulo 4 en 'Una vision al 2030 de la utilizacion de las energias renovables en Mexico')

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mulas del Pozo, Pablo [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2005-08-15

In this chapter, energy scenarios made by different organizations are described, the majority foreign, and they do not represent an official version of the Secretaria de Energia of the Mexican government. 1. The IEO-2004, Projections to year 2025 of the Energy Information Agency (EIA) of the Department of Energy of the USA (DOE, USA). - it describes the world-wide energy situation with historical information (1970-2000) and projections to the future (2001-2025); 2. The WOE-2004, Projections to year 2030 of the Agency International of Energy of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (AIE-OECD) - it describes the world-wide energy situation with historical information (1971-2002) and projections to the future (2002-2030); 3. The scenarios of Shell to year 2050; 4, Scenarios to year 2025 of the Agency International of Energy oriented to a sustainable future: it is a document published in the 2003, it contains the results of an exercise to develop three exploratory scenarios and a formative scenario/projections; 5. The study of the World-wide Council of Energy on the activators of the energy sector; 6. Other scenarios for Mexico are: Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation, GEO-Mexico and the Centro de Investigacion de Energia de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. [Spanish] En este capitulo, se describen escenarios energeticos a largo plazo realizados por diferentes entidades, la mayoria extranjeras, y no representan una version oficial de la Secretaria de Energia del gobierno de Mexico. 1. El IEO-2004, Proyecciones al 2025 de la Energy Information Agency (EIA) del departamento de energia de los EUA (DOE, USA).- describe la situacion energetica mundial con informacion historica (1970-2000) y proyecciones a futuro (2001-2025); 2. El WOE-2004, Proyecciones al 2030 de la Agencia Internacional de Energia de la Organizacion para la Cooperacion y el Desarrollo Economico (AIE-OCDE).- describe la situacion energetica mundial con informacion historica

Environmental baseline study of the Los Medanos Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) project area of New Mexico: a progress report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wolfe, H.G. (ed.)

1977-09-01

Exploratory drilling operations are being conducted for a Waste Isolation Pilot Program in southeastern New Mexico. Prior to the establishment of such a program, an environmental study was initiated to serve as a baseline for evaluation of the impact of future activities in the Los Medanos area. Much of this area has been influenced by human activities over a long period, and hence the baseline data only reflects the present, relatively disturbed condition of the environment. The study covers air resources, soils, and biotic resources. 23 tables, 6 figs. (DLC)

Cogeneration in Mexico: Weaknesses, Threats, strengths and opportunities; Cogeneracion en Mexico: Debilidades, amenazas, fortalezas y oportunidades

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Elizalde Baltierra, Alberto; Garcia Pelaez, Juan [Programa Universitario de Energia, UNAM (Mexico)

1997-07-01

In this paper the strategies are formulated and evaluated, taking into account the internal and external aspects of the cogeneration in Mexico that foment their development in the medium term (two or four years). In the formulation of strategies a matrix DAFO (Weaknesses, Threats, Strengths and Opportunities) is employed and in the evaluation is applied the procedure of analytical hierarchical structuring. The future on the cogeneration in the next years will depend on diverse factors, among which can be mentioned: the legal frame; the financial situation of the interested companies; the outsourcing of financing; the prices of the electricity and fuels, as well as their availability, among others. [Spanish] En este trabajo se formulan y evaluan estrategias que, tomando en cuenta los aspectos internos y externos de la cogeneracion en Mexico, fomenten su desarrollo en el mediano plazo (dos o cuatro anos). En la formulacion de estrategias se emplea la matriz DAFO (Debilidades, Amenazas, Fortalezas y Oportunidades) y en la evaluacion se aplica el procedimiento de jerarquizacion analitica. El futuro de la cogeneracion en los proximos anos dependera de diversos factores, entre los que se pueden mencionar: el marco legal; la situacion financiera de las empresas interesadas; las fuentes externas de financiamiento; los precios de la electricidad y de los combustibles, asi como su disponibilidad, entre otros.

Formerly utilized MED/AEC sites remedial action program. Removal of a contaminated industrial waste line, Los Alamos, New Mexico. Final report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gunderson, T.C.; Ahlquist, A.J.

1979-04-01

In 1977 parts of an abandoned industrial waste line (IWL) that carried laboratory or process chemical and radiochemical wastes were removed from Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory property and from the townsite of Los Alamos in north-central New Mexico. Most of the IWL was removed between 1964 and 1967. Some IWL segments in the townsite, which at that time were buried under newly paved roads, were left for removal during future construction projects involving these roads to minimize traffic problems and road damage, and because they posed no public health hazard. In 1977, prior to impending major road construction in several areas, 400 m (1300 ft) of IWL and two IWL manhole structures were removed from Laboratory and Los Alamos County property. Associated soil contamination was removed to levels considered to be as low as practicable. Contaminated or potentially contaminated material was removed to an approved radioactive waste disposal site on Department of Energy property. Full details of the methods, findings, and as-left conditions are documented in this report

Los Valores Ético-profesionales que Promueven los Documentos Rectores de un Universidad Pública en México. The Professional Ethic Values Promoted by Governing Documents of a Public University in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cecilia Osuna Lever

2008-08-01

Full Text Available This study analyses the professional-ethic values promoted by education policy in public university education in Mexico, the semantic correspondence of said policy with programs, and the strategies for its implementation. Following the methodology of textual analysis, we reviewed the National Programs of Education, documents that embed the academic plan at the Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, and the curricula of licenciaturas in the areas of natural science and engineering and technology. It was identified that the core elements of university education are social compromise, professional competence, and education in values. Our findings indicate that there is textual correspondence among the most relevant categories of the documents; however, it is worth pointing out the absence of strategies that explicitly promote student development of professional-ethic values. Este trabajo analiza los valores ético-profesionales que la universidad pública en México promueve en sus políticas educativas, la correspondencia semántica de éstas con los programas y las estrategias para su implementación. Usando la metodología de análisis de contenido se revisaron los Planes Nacionales de Educación de México, los documentos orientadores de la vida académica de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, así como los currículos de las licenciaturas en las áreas de ciencias naturales e ingeniería y tecnología. Se identificó que el compromiso social, la competencia profesional y la formación en valores son los principales planteamientos orientadores de la universidad. Se encontró correspondencia textual entre las categorías más relevantes de los documentos, sin embargo, se advierte la ausencia de estrategias que promuevan explícitamente la formación en valores ético-profesionales en los estudiantes.

Transport and deposition of plutonium-contaminated sediments by fluvial processes, Los Alamos Canyon, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Graf, W.L.

1996-01-01

Between 1945 and 1952 the development of nuclear weapons at Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, resulted in the disposal of plutonium into the alluvium of nearby Acid and (to a lesser degree) DP Canyons. The purpose of this paper is to explore the connection between the disposal sites and the main river, a 20 km link formed by the fluvial system of Acid, Pueblo, DP, and Los Alamos Canyons. Empirical data from 15 yr of annual sediment sampling throughout the canyon system has produced 458 observations of plutonium concentration in fluvial sediments. These data show that, overall, mean plutonium concentrations in fluvial sediment decline from 10,000 fCi/g near the disposal area to 100 fCi/g at the confluence of the canyon system and the Rio Grande. Simulations using a computer model for water, sediment, and plutonium routing in the canyon system show that discharges as large as the 25 yr event would fail to develop enough transport capacity to completely remove the contaminated sediments from Pueblo Canyon. Lesser flows would move some materials to the Rio Grande by remobilization of stored sediments. The simulations also show that the deposits and their contaminants have a predictable geography because they occur where stream power is low, hydraulic resistance is high, and the geologic and/or geomorphic conditions provide enough space for storage. 38 refs., 13 figs., 1 tab

Hydrologic studies of multilayered landfill covers for closure of waste landfills at Los Alamos, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nyhan, J.W.; Langhorst, G.J.; Martin, C.E.; Martinez, J.L.; Schofield, T.G.

1993-01-01

The Los Alamos National Laboratory examined water balance relationships for four different landfill cover designs containing engineered barriers. These field experiments were performed at Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, in 1.0- by 10.0-m plots with downhill slopes of 5, 10, 15 and 25%. Field measurements of seepage, precipitation, interflow, runoff, and soil water content were collected in each of the 16 plots representing four slopes each with four cover designs: Conventional, EPA, Loam Capillary Barrier and Clay Loam Capillary Barrier. A seepage collection system was installed beneath each cover design to evaluate the influence of slope length on seepage using a series of four metal pans filled with medium gravel that were placed end-to-end in the bottom of each field plot. An automated waterflow datalogging system was used to collect hourly seepage, interflow and runoff data and consisted of 100 100-liter tanks, each of which was equipped with an ultrasonic liquid-level sensor and a motor-operated ball valve used to drain the tank. Soil water content was routinely monitored every six hours at each of 212 locations throughout the 16 plots with time domain reflectrometry (TDR) techniques using an automated and multiplexed measurement system

UC/Los Alamos Entrepreneurial Postdoctoral Fellowship Pilot Program

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johnston, Mariann R. [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Clow, Shandra Deann [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2017-03-06

The UC/Los Alamos Entrepreneurial Postdoctoral Fellowship Pilot Program (Pilot) for existing postdoctoral researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory (Los Alamos) to gain skills in entrepreneurship and commercializing technology as part of their postdoctoral experience. This program will incorporate training and mentoring during the first 6-month period, culminating in a focused 6-month Fellowship aimed at creating a new business in Northern New Mexico.

76 FR 1431 - Public Water System Supervision Program Revision for the State of New Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-10

... Public Water System Supervision Program. New Mexico has adopted the Ground Water Rule (GWR), the Long... the following offices: New Mexico Environment Department, Drinking Water Bureau, 525 Camino De Los... of New Mexico proposes to revise its approved Public Water System Supervision Primacy Program. This...

Long-distance nationalism: Italian emigrants and the fascism in Mexico (1922-1945 | Nacionalismo en la distancia: los italianos emigrados y el fascismo en México (1922-1945

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Franco Savarino Roggero

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The Italian community in Mexico often overlooked in the field of migration and political studies in the interwar years, due to low numbers involved, is actually an interesting and significant example of relations between the regime of Mussolini and Italian diaspora in Latin America. Here we examine the particular features of this community and its evolving relationship with the mother country, in the context of relations between Mexico and Italy. The data suggest that the settlement of fascism as an active version of Italian nationalism abroad had a great capacity to attract migrants and their descendants, conditioned by the excited nationalist environment stimulated by the post-revolutionary state and by the analogies and differences that exist between the Mexican nationalist regime and the Italian fascist regime. | La comunidad italiana en México, generalmente soslayada en el ámbito de los estudios sobre emigración y política en los años de entre guerras, por su escasa consistencia numérica, es, en realidad un ejemplo interesante y significativo de las relaciones entre el régimen de Mussolini y la diáspora italiana en América Latina. Aquí se examinan los rasgos peculiares de esta comunidad y la evolución de su relación con la madre patria, en el ámbito de las relaciones entre México e Italia. Los datos sugieren que el asentamiento del fascismo como una versión activa de nacionalismo italiano en el exterior ejerció una gran capacidad de atracción hacia los emigrados y sus descendientes, condicionada por el entorno de efervescencia nacionalista estimulado por el Estado posrevolucionario y por las analogías y diferencias que existían entre el régimen nacionalista mexicano y el régimen fascista italiano.

Derecho a la consulta y participación de los pueblos indígenas, la experiencia constitucional en los casos de México y Chile

OpenAIRE

Rea Granados, Sergio Alejandro

2015-01-01

En este artículo se analiza la importancia y los retos de la constitucionalización de los derechos a la consulta previa y la participación de los pueblos indígenas en los casos de México y Chile. This article analyses the importance and challenges of rights to previous consultation and participation of indigenous peoples in the Constitution of Mexico and Chile.

Advancements and results of the program of energy cooperation of the agency for the international development (USAID-MEXICO) in Mexico; Avances y resultados del programa de cooperacin energetica de la agencia para el desarrollo internacional (USAID-MEXICO) en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Landa Bonilla, J. [Agencia para el Desarrollo Internacional, Embajada de los Estados Unidos de Norte Amrica, (Mexico)

1997-12-31

This paper presents the cooperation programs and their results in energy efficiency, renewable energies and pollution prevention between Mexico an the United States through the Agency for the International Development, USAID-Mexico and various specialized institutions of the sector. The main programs of the USAID-Mexico in this area are centered in Pilot Projects: With CONAE as well as with FIDE, programs have been implemented centered in the replacement of standard motors for high efficiency motors, in the optimization of distribution systems and in the steam generation, in the study of motor rewinding practices; Evaluation and Monitoring: Technical assistance is being given for the financial assessment and monitoring of the on line programs of CONAE, FIDE and PAESE, as well as the utilization of the results of the pilot programs for possible large scale programs on incentives, discounts and technology promotion; Standardization: Support has been provided to CONAE for the development of various norms on energy efficiency and programs will be designed for the assessment of the impact of these norms on the productive sector of the country; Renewable Energies: Since 1993 a cooperation program has been implemented on alternate sources of energy with productive applications in rural areas with various institutions of the rural productive sector such as FIRCO and some state governments; Pollution Prevention: Jointly with the Energy Efficiency Program of the USAID in Washington, the EPA and the Centro Mexicano para la Produccion mas Limpia, various energy efficient pilot projects and pollution prevention in industries such as the maquiladora of galvanoplasty and smelting have been developed; Institutional Strengthening: During the last fourth years support has been given to the main institutions, mentioned earlier in terms of training for the internal strengthening of their technical staff. [Espanol] Se presentan los programas de cooperacion y resultados en eficiencia

Advancements and results of the program of energy cooperation of the agency for the international development (USAID-MEXICO) in Mexico; Avances y resultados del programa de cooperacin energetica de la agencia para el desarrollo internacional (USAID-MEXICO) en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Landa Bonilla, J [Agencia para el Desarrollo Internacional, Embajada de los Estados Unidos de Norte Amrica, (Mexico)

1998-12-31

This paper presents the cooperation programs and their results in energy efficiency, renewable energies and pollution prevention between Mexico an the United States through the Agency for the International Development, USAID-Mexico and various specialized institutions of the sector. The main programs of the USAID-Mexico in this area are centered in Pilot Projects: With CONAE as well as with FIDE, programs have been implemented centered in the replacement of standard motors for high efficiency motors, in the optimization of distribution systems and in the steam generation, in the study of motor rewinding practices; Evaluation and Monitoring: Technical assistance is being given for the financial assessment and monitoring of the on line programs of CONAE, FIDE and PAESE, as well as the utilization of the results of the pilot programs for possible large scale programs on incentives, discounts and technology promotion; Standardization: Support has been provided to CONAE for the development of various norms on energy efficiency and programs will be designed for the assessment of the impact of these norms on the productive sector of the country; Renewable Energies: Since 1993 a cooperation program has been implemented on alternate sources of energy with productive applications in rural areas with various institutions of the rural productive sector such as FIRCO and some state governments; Pollution Prevention: Jointly with the Energy Efficiency Program of the USAID in Washington, the EPA and the Centro Mexicano para la Produccion mas Limpia, various energy efficient pilot projects and pollution prevention in industries such as the maquiladora of galvanoplasty and smelting have been developed; Institutional Strengthening: During the last fourth years support has been given to the main institutions, mentioned earlier in terms of training for the internal strengthening of their technical staff. [Espanol] Se presentan los programas de cooperacion y resultados en eficiencia

76 FR 69734 - Public Water System Supervision Program Revision for the State of New Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

2011-11-09

... Water System Supervision Program. New Mexico has adopted the Lead and Copper Rule Short Term Revisions... water. EPA has determined that this rule revision submitted by New Mexico is no less stringent than the... the following offices: New Mexico Environment Department, Drinking Water Bureau, 525 Camino De Los...

Multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in Los Altos, Selva and Norte regions, Chiapas, Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Sánchez-Pérez, H J; Díaz-Vázquez, A; Nájera-Ortiz, J C; Balandrano, S; Martín-Mateo, M

2010-01-01

To analyse the proportion of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in cultures performed during the period 2000-2002 in Los Altos, Selva and Norte regions, Chiapas, Mexico, and to analyse MDR-TB in terms of clinical and sociodemographic indicators. Cross-sectional study of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) from the above regions. Drug susceptibility testing results from two research projects were analysed, as were those of routine sputum samples sent in by health personnel for processing (n = 114). MDR-TB was analysed in terms of the various variables of interest using bivariate tests of association and logistic regression. The proportion of primary MDR-TB was 4.6% (2 of 43), that of secondary MDR-TB was 29.2% (7/24), while among those whose history of treatment was unknown the proportion was 14.3% (3/21). According to the logistic regression model, the variables most highly associated with MDR-TB were as follows: having received anti-tuberculosis treatment previously, cough of >3 years' duration and not being indigenous. The high proportion of MDR cases found in the regions studied shows that it is necessary to significantly improve the control and surveillance of PTB.

Isotopic Evolution of Wells in the Geothermal Field of Los Azufres, Michoacan, Mexico; Evolucion isotopica de fluidos de pozos del campo geotermico de Los Azufres, Michoacan, Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barragan Reyes, Rosa Maria; Portugal Marin, Enrique; Arellano Gomez, Victor Manel; Aragon Aguilar, Alfonso [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (Mexico); Sandoval Medina, Fernando [Comision Federal de Electricidad (Mexico)

2002-12-01

Isotopic ({delta}{sup 1}8 O and {delta}D) data from production and reinjection web fluids from the Los Azufres geothermal field were interpreted in order to define reservoir evolution and the occurrence of physical processes as a result of exploitation. The study included data of 30 wells, which were sampled in September, 2000. General results indicate that different phenomena seem to occur in both zones of the field. In the southern zone there are two different trends of behavior: a mixture of fluids evidenced by the {delta}D versus {delta}{sup 1}8 O trend with a positive slope, was interpreted as the result of reservoir vapor separation at a temperature above 220 Celsius degrees, since for temperatures above 220 Celsius degrees deuterium behaves as a volatile component. No well-defined {delta}{sup D} vs {delta}{sup 1}8 O trend was found for the northern zone, but some points seem to fit the same negative slope trend found in the souther zone. The study of reservoir temperatures estimated by different approaches for particular wells through time, as well as temperature results obtained with a heat and flow well simulator, suggest that reservoir boiling occurs in localized areas in both zone of the field. This process is probably due to exploitation. [Spanish] Se interpretaron datos isotopicos ({delta}{sup 1}8 O y {delta}D) de fluidos de pozos productores y de reinyeccion del campo geotermico de Los Azufres, Michoacan, Mexico, para definir la evolucion del yacimiento y la ocurrencia de procesos fisicos como resultado de la explotacion. En el estudio se consideran datos de treinta pozos segun el muestreo realizado en septiembre de 2000. El estudio de la evolucion en el tiempo de las estimaciones de temperatura de yacimiento mediante diferentes tecnicas, asi como la temperatura obtenida de simulacion de pozos, sugiere que ocurre ebullicion en areas localizadas en ambas zonas del campo debido a la explotacion. Los resultados generales indican la existencia de

Mortalidad evitable en los estados de la frontera del norte de México: posibles implicaciones sociales y para los servicios de salud / Avoidable mortality in the border states of northern Mexico: potential implications for social determinants and health services

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana M. López J.

2015-09-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la mortalidad evitable en los estados de la frontera del norte de México entre 1998 y 2007 para indirectamente evaluar la calidad de los servicios de salud en la región. Metodología: se analizó la información sobre mortalidad del Sistema Nacional de Información en Salud (sinais. La unidad de análisis fue la causa básica de la defunción codificada según la décima revisión de la CIE. La mortalidad evitable fue clasificada según el catálogo de causas de muerte propuesto por Gómez. Se hizo un análisis exploratorio de la relación entre la mortalidad evitable y la derechohabiencia y el nivel socioeconómico de los municipios correspondientes a las muertes. Resultados: la tasa de mortalidad evitable global fue de 350,2 muertes por mil habitantes en la región. La mortalidad evitable por diagnóstico y tratamiento médico precoz, violencia y VIH/SIDA tuvo tasas de 223, 60 y 5 por mil habitantes, respectivamente, presentando variaciones de magnitud, sociodemográficas y por derechohabiencia entre estados. Discusión y conclusiones: las poblaciones de los estados de la frontera norte de México se caracterizan por tener una dinámica sociodemográfica y de los servicios de salud muy intensa. Los resultados sugieren que el sistema de salud está siendo rebasado en su respuesta a una alta frecuencia de enfermedades no transmisibles. En el aspecto social existen condiciones estructurales en México que favorecen la presencia de narcotráfico y su consecuente causa de violencia y consumo de drogas ilegales que podrían estar relacionadas con la frecuencia de muertes violentas y en forma subsidiaria con las causadas por el VIH/SIDA. / ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze avoidable mortality between 1998 and 2007 in the border states of Northern Mexico to evaluate, indirectly, the quality of the region's health care services. Methodology: the information on mortality provided by the National Health Information System

Energetic sustainability: Challenges and options in Mexico; Sustentabilidad energetica: Retos y opciones en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rosas Flores, Dionicio; Sheinbaum Pardo, Claudia [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2000-07-01

In this report present a general overview of energy trends and objectives of policy for Mexico, in the context of sustainable development. The work is divided in two main parts: the first one presents trends in energy use and potential, energy sector reform, social and economics indicators and revision of efficiency and renewable energy. The second part discusses options and instruments of energy politics for the country in regard of the sustainable development. The energy is central to concerns of sustainable development, affecting economic; the local and global environment, and social problems as poverty, population, health and education. Mexico should promote political energy that permit the fulfillment the energy requirements while developing strategies that help to alleviate the social problems and productivity, based on lesser environmental impacts. [Spanish] Este reporte presenta una vision sobre las tendencias energeticas de Mexico y plantea prioridades y objetivos de politica para el pais, en el contexto de desarrollo sustentable. El trabajo muestra dos partes principales: la primera seccion presenta tendencias en el uso de energia, potenciales energeticos e indicadores economicos y sociales, ademas de una revision de eficiencias y politicas de energias renovables. La segunda parte discute opciones, instrumentos y restricciones en el contexto del desarrollo energetico sustentable en el pais. La energia es un elemento central en el desarrollo ya que esta relacionado con la economia, el ambiente local y global y aspectos sociales como pobreza, poblacion, salud y educacion. Esto obliga en Mexico a promover politicas que permitan la cobertura de los requerimientos energeticos, las cuales deben desarrollarse de manera conjunta con estrategias, para ayudar a disminuir los problemas, productivos y sociales con menores impactos ambientales.

"Mexico in Transition." Curriculum Units.

Science.gov (United States)

Oregon Univ., Eugene. Foreign Language Resource Center.

These curriculum units were developed in a National Endowment for the Humanities 1994 summer seminar "Mexico in Transition." The 23 lessons are written in Spanish. Lessons are entitled: (1) "La Migracion Mexicana Vista a Traves del Cuento 'Paso del Norte' de Juan Rulfo" (Jose Jorge Armendariz); (2) "Los Grupos Indigenas de…

Radiological survey and decontamination of the former main technical area (TA-1) at Los Alamos, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ahlquist, A.J.; Stoker, A.K.; Trocki, L.K.

1977-12-01

A radiological survey was conducted on the undeveloped portions of the site of the former Main Technical Area (TA-1) of the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory in north-central New Mexico. Between 1943 and 1965, research work on nuclear weapons was carried out in TA-1. The area was decontaminated and demolished in stages, and beginning in 1966 the land was given to Los Alamos County or sold to private interests. The survey disclosed traces of radioactive contamination undetected or considered insignificant during original demolition in the 1950s and 1960s. The remaining contamination was removed in 1975 and 1976 to levels considered to pose no health or safety hazards and, further, to the lowest levels considered practicable. Methods used in the survey included measurement techniques for detecting alpha emitters such as uranium and plutonium, extensive surface and subsurface soil sampling, and use of conventional health physics instrumentation to provide detailed information on approximately 16 hectares (40 acres) of land. As a result of the decontamination efforts, approximately 15,000 m 3 of contaminated or potentially contaminated material was removed to an approved radioactive waste disposal site on ERDA property. Full details of the methods, findings, decision criteria, and as-left conditions are documented

Autopercepción del estado de salud: una aproximación al los ancianos en México Self-perceived health status: an approach of the elderly in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katia Gallegos-Carrillo

2006-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Evaluar el estado de salud de los ancianos mexicanos a través de la autopercepción y analizar los factores sociales, de salud y organizacionales asociados. MÉTODOS: Estudio de datos secundarios de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2000 en México. Se realizó análisis de regresión logística múltiple. La variable dependiente fue el estado de salud medido a través de la autopercepción de salud. Las variables independientes seleccionadas fueron: características sociodemográficas, hábitos de riesgo, accidentes, diagnóstico de enfermedades y mediciones clínicas. RESULTADOS: Se analizó a 7,322 adultos de 60 años y mayores, que representan al total de la población (7% en ese grupo de edad en México. De estos, 19.8% reportó estado de salud como malo o muy malo. Los factores asociados a mala salud fueron edad, sexo femenino, no tener seguro social, ser divorciado, dedicarse al hogar, estar incapacitado, no tener trabajo, consumo de tabaco, problema de salud, accidentes y diagnóstico de enfermedades crónicas. CONCLUSIONES: El análisis de factores asociados permitió determinar elementos que influyen en mal estado de salud de ancianos. Los hallazgos podrían considerarse en la formulación de acciones y programas de atención para esa población en México.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate health status of the elderly in Mexico through their self-perception and to describe social, organizational and health-related factors. METHODS: A study was carried out on secondary data from the 2000 National Health Survey in Mexico. Multiple logistic regression models were used. The dependent variable health status was measured through self-perception. The independent variables included were: sociodemographic characteristics, risk behaviors, accidents, disease diagnosis and clinical measures. RESULTS: A total of 7,322 adults aged 60 years and older were studied, which represents 7% of the total population in that age group in Mexico. Of them, 19

Estimation of the Energy Content in Maritaro; Northern Sector of the Los Azufres, Michoacan, Mexico Geothermal Field; Estimacion de la energia contenida en Maritaro, sector norte del campo geotermico de Los Azufres, Michoacan, Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Suarez Arriaga, Mario Cesar [Gerencia de Proyectos Geotermoelectricos de la Comision Federal de Electricidad, Morelia (Mexico)

1997-05-01

The methodology, the conceptual synthetic model and results obtained during the modeling and numerical simulation of Maritaro, northern sector of the Los Azufres, Michoacan, Mexico hydrothermal system, are reported. A Central objective of this work, was to carry out an updated evaluation of the reservoir`s energy content and to estimate, between tolerable margins of error, the longevity and approximate amount of useful energy that could be transformed in electricity. The probable initial state and the period of exploitation 1980-1996 were satisfactorily reproduced by the numerical model. The natural thermodynamic state, estimated for the reservoir before its commercial exploitation begun, corresponds to the compressed liquid region, at 92 bar of average pressure, an average temperature of 301 degrees celsius, with an enthalpy of 1 344 kj/kg. The hottest zones are located toward the center and eastern portions of the field, and the colder regions, at the western periphery. It was considered a minimum volume of exploitable reservoir equal to 49 km{sup 3}, and a maximum volume, including a possible western reserve zone, of 74 km{sup 3}. Several scenarios were numerically studied, including the installation from 75 MWe up to 400 MWe. The 280 MWe power is considered to be the maximum feasible capacity to be installed in the minimum presently known volume. The 400 MWe power characterize the upper, hypothetical limit capacity, assuming that the reserve zone is variable. This last stage having the highest risk. [Espanol] En este documento se reporta la metodologia sintetico conceptual y los resultados obtenidos mediante el modelado matematico y la simulacion numerica de Maritaro, sector norte del sistema hidrotermal de Los Azufres, Michoacan, Mexico. El objetivo central del trabajo fue realizar una evaluacion actualizada de la capacidad energetica contenida en este reservorio y estimar, dentro de margenes tolerables de error, la longevidad y cantidad aproximada de energia

Advertising investigation and the main sociodemo graphic internet studies in Mexico

OpenAIRE

Islas, Octavio

2014-01-01

In the first section of this article the main sociodemographic internetstudies in Mexico are presented. I highlight some of their main methodological differences and proceed to analyze some key results in these recent studies. Based on the seventh edition of the Online Advertising Expedinture Study in Mexico, the second section demonstrates the weight of internet advertising in Mexico today. En el primer apartado refiero cuáles son los principales estudiossociodemográficos de Internet en M...

Utilization and purchase of medical care services in Mexico by residents in the United States of America, 1998-1999 Utilización y compra de servicios médicos en México por personas que viven en los Estados Unidos de América, 1998-1999

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis G. Escobedo

2006-05-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: We assessed self-reported frequency of purchase of medications and medical care services in Mexico by southern New Mexico (United States, [U.S.] residents in relation to their medical insurance coverage. METHODS: We analyzed data obtained in 1998 and 1999 from a health interview survey of residents in a six-county region of southern New Mexico, using prevalence and logistic regression methods for complex survey data. RESULTS: About 22% of southern New Mexico residents had purchased medications and 11% had sought medical care in Mexico at least once during the year preceding the survey. When we adjusted for the effects of other variables, persons able to pay for services out of pocket and those who were uninsured were more likely than persons who were fully covered to purchase medications or medical care in Mexico. CONCLUSIONS: Large numbers of people residing near the border in New Mexico traveled south to Mexico to purchase medications and medical care. Lack of medical insurance was associated with higher frequencies of these purchases. There seems to be a need to establish relationships between U.S. private and public care plans and Mexican medical care providers to identify appropriate mechanisms for U.S. residents to purchase medical care in Mexico.OBJETIVOS: Evaluamos la frecuencia con que habitantes del sur del estado de Nuevo México, Estados Unidos, autoinformaron de la frecuencia con que compraban medicamentos y servicios médicos en México y examinamos dicha frecuencia a la luz de su cobertura con un seguro médico. MÉTODOS: Analizamos los datos obtenidos en 1998 y 1999 mediante una entrevista de salud de residentes de una región de seis condados en Nuevo México, usando métodos de prevalencia y regresión logística para datos de encuesta complejos. RESULTADOS: Cerca de 22% de los residentes de la parte sur del estado de Nuevo México habían comprado medicinas y 11% habían buscado atención médica en México por lo

Pilot study for arsenic removal in Hidalgo, Mexico; Estudio piloto para remocion del arsenico, Estado de Hidalgo, Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Simeonova, Petkova Veguinia [Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua, Jiutepec, Morelos (Mexico)

1999-12-01

Several materials with high content of iron oxides and positive electrostatic surface charge were identified as alternative arsenic sorbents. These properties are characteristic for minerals as hematite, geotite, lepodocrocite, maghemite, etc., widely distributed in the rocks of all these types and ages in the land bark. The natural hematite has been selected for a pilot experimental study conducted in one of the underground sources in Mexico. The obtained arsenic effluent concentration was less than 0.05 mg/l, assuring the current water-drinking standard. The effect of the operational rate and the influence of the silica and other contaminants present in the raw water over the removal efficiency of hematite were also evaluated. The obtained results prove the raw water over the removal efficiency of hematite were also evaluated. The obtained results prove the viability of the hematite for arsenic removal in the real field conditions. [Spanish] Varios minerales de alto contenido de hierro y carga superficial positiva se han identificado como sorbentes alternativos del arsenico. Estas propiedades son caracteristicas de algunos minerales como hematita, goetita, lepodocrocita, maghemita, etc., los cuales se hallan distribuidos ampliamente en las rocas de todos los tipos y edades que hay en la corteza terrestre. El presente estudio fue hecho sobre la hematita por su alta capacidad de adsorcion respecto al arsenico, evaluada a nivel de laboratorio, y por ser un mineral natural disponible en Mexico. La hematita fue aplicada para remover el arsenico presente en el agua de una fuente de abastecimiento en Mexico. Los resultados obtenidos en el campo comprueban la eficacia de la hematita en la remocion del arsenico, habiendose registrado una concentracion menor de 0.05 mg/l en el agua producida, lo cual satisface los requisitos de la normatividad para el consumo humano respecto a este contaminante.

Roads for Los Alamos County, New Mexico, 2006se TIGER

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — The 2006 Second Edition TIGER/Line files are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the Census TIGER database. The geographic coverage...

Airports for Los Alamos County, New Mexico, 2006se TIGER

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — The 2006 Second Edition TIGER/Line files are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the Census TIGER database. The geographic coverage...

Results of Geothermal Exploitation in Mexico During 1996; Resultados de la explotacion geotermica en Mexico en 1996

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gutierrez Negrin, Luis C. A. [Gerencia de Proyectos Geotermoelectricos de la Comision Federal de Electricidad, Morelia (Mexico)

1997-01-01

During 1996, 56.2 million tons of steam were produced, at an average annual rate of 6,416 tons per hour (t/h), to supply enough steam to operate of 26 geothermal-electric plants in three geothermal fields, which represent an installed capacity of 743 MW. To accomplish that production, 177 geothermal wells were operated at an average annual production of 36 t/h of steam. Electricity generation was 5,737 gigawatts-hour, which represent 3.8% of the whole electrical energy generated in Mexico in 1996. Production of steam and generation of electricity were increased in 1996, comparing with 1994 and 1995. However, unitary costs were practically the same between 1995 and 1996. The Comision Federal de Electricidad (Federal Commission for Electricity, or CFE) has programmed several geothermal- electric projects to increase the installed capacity in the fields under exploitation in new fields. Also, the CFE has some non electrical projects to reach an integral use of geothermics in Mexico. [Espanol] A fin de suministrar el vapor necesario para la generacion de 26 plantas geotermoelectricas instaladas en tres campos geotermicos, con una capacidad total de 743 megawatts (MW) durante 1996 se produjeron 56.2 millones de toneladas de vapor, a una tasa media anual de 6,416 toneladas por hora (t/h). Ello implico la operacion de 177 pozos productores, con una produccion de la energia electrica generada en Mexico en 1996. Tanto la produccion de vapor como la generacion de electricidad en 1996 se incrementaron con respecto a los anos precedentes de 1994 y 1995, pese a que los costos unitarios se mantuvieron practicamente constantes entre 1995 y 1996. La Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) tiene en programa varios proyectos geotermoelectricos para incrementar la capacidad instalada en los campos en explotacion y para iniciar el aprovechamiento en campos nuevos, asi como proyectos no electricos para conseguir un aprovechamiento integral de la geotermia en Mexico.

Decommissioning the Los Alamos Molten Plutonium Reactor Experiment (LAMPRE I)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harper, J.R.; Garde, R.

1981-11-01

The Los Alamos Molten Plutonium Reactor Experiment (LAMPRE I) was decommissioned at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, in 1980. The LAMPRE I was a sodium-cooled reactor built to develop plutonium fuels for fast breeder applications. It was retired in the mid-1960s. This report describes the decommissioning procedures, the health physics programs, the waste management, and the costs for the operation

The National Security of Mexico for 2010

Science.gov (United States)

2002-01-01

Constituci6n politica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos) 40 Alvaro Vallarta, "Lealtad militar", (Military loyalty), Reforma (M6xico, D.F.), 11 February 2002...Dolia Estevez, "Busca Incorporar a Mexico en Comando Norteamericano," El Financiero , 12 April 2002. 52 Maria de la Luz Gonzalez, "Proponen redefinir...Politica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", 5 February 2002; available from < http://www.presidencia.gob.mx >; Internet, accessed 6 February 2002. 62

Amphibians and Reptiles of Los Alamos County

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Teralene S. Foxx; Timothy K. Haarmann; David C. Keller

1999-10-01

Recent studies have shown that amphibians and reptiles are good indicators of environmental health. They live in terrestrial and aquatic environments and are often the first animals to be affected by environmental change. This publication provides baseline information about amphibians and reptiles that are present on the Pajarito Plateau. Ten years of data collection and observations by researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory, the University of New Mexico, the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, and hobbyists are represented.

Research and technological development on heat pumps in Mexico operating with geothermal energy; Investigacion y desarrollo tecnologico sobre bombas de calor en Mexico operando con energia geotermica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garcia Gutierrez, Alfonso; Barragan Reyes, Rosa Maria; Arellano Gomez, Victor Manuel [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)

2008-07-01

The Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) and the Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) carried out in the past an extensive work of research and development (R&D) on heat pumps (HP). The systems tried on include heat pumps by mechanical compression, thermal absorption and thermal transformers. This paper briefly describes the main aspects of R&D on heat pumps and presents a more detailed description of three of the main studies: a) a Heat Pump (HP) by mechanical compression water-water type, designed for brine purification, operating with low pressure geothermal steam at the geothermal field Los Azufres, Michoacan, Mexico; b) a HP by absorption for cooling and refrigeration, operating with ammoniac/water and low enthalpy geothermal energy, which was tested in the geothermal fields of Los Azufres, Michoacan and Cerro Prieto, Baja California, and c) a thermal transformer by absorption, named Heat Pump by Absorption Type 2, which was tested to evaluate the behavior of diverse ternary solutions as working fluids. To date, there are plans to install and test a geothermal heat pump (connected to the subsoil), in Cerro Prieto, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. [Spanish] El Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) y la Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) realizaron un trabajo extenso de investigacion y desarrollo (I&D) sobre bombas de calor (BC) en el pasado. Los sistemas que se probaron incluyen bombas de calor por compresion mecanica, absorcion y transformadores termicos. Este trabajo describe brevemente los principales aspectos de I&D sobre bombas de calor y se da una descripcion mas detallada de tres de los principales estudios: a) una Bomba de Calor (BC) por compresion mecanica tipo agua-agua, disenada para purificacion de salmueras, operando con vapor geotermico de baja presion en el campo geotermico de Los Azufres, Michoacan; b) una BC por absorcion para enfriamiento y refrigeracion, operando con amoniaco/agua y energia geotermica de baja entalpia

Unsaturated Groundwater Flow Beneath Upper Mortandad Canyon, Los Alamos, New Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dander, David Carl [Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)

1998-10-15

Mortandad Canyon is a discharge site for treated industrial effluents containing radionuclides and other chemicals at Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico. This study was conducted to develop an understanding of the unsaturated hydrologic behavior below the canyon floor. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the hypothetical performance of the vadose zone above the water table. Numerical simulations of unsaturated groundwater flow at the site were conducted using the Finite Element Heat and Mass Transfer (FEHM) code. A two-dimensional cross-section along the canyon's axis was used to model flow between an alluvial groundwater system and the regional aquifer approximately 300 m below. Using recharge estimated from a water budget developed in 1967, the simulations showed waters from the perched water table reaching the regional aquifer in 13.8 years, much faster than previously thought. Additionally, simulations indicate that saturation is occurring in the Guaje pumice bed an d that the Tshirege Unit 1B is near saturation. Lithologic boundaries between the eight materials play an important role in flow and solute transport within the system. Horizontal flow is shown to occur in three thin zones above capillary barriers; however, vertical flow dominates the system. Other simulations were conducted to examine the effects of changing system parameters such as varying recharge inputs, varying the distribution of recharge, and bypassing fast-path fractured basalt of uncertain extent and properties. System sensitivity was also explored by changing model parameters with respect to size and types of grids and domains, and the presence of dipping stratigraphy.

Floodplain statement of findings for corrective actions in Potrillo Canyon technical area-36, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Keller, David Charles

2016-01-01

In 2014, baseline storm water monitoring samples for Potrillo Canyon Sample Management Area at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) exceeded the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Individual Permit No. NM0030759 target action level (TAL) of 15 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) for gross-alpha radioactivity (393 pCi/L) and a TAL of 30 pCi/L for radium-226 and radium-228 (95.9 pCi/L). Consequently, erosion control measures within the management area are proposed to minimize sediment migration, a corrective action under the permit that is a requirement of the New Mexico Environment Department consent decree and a good management practice to limit off-site sediment migration. The area proposed for erosion controls consists of portions of Technical Area 36 that were used as firing sites primarily involving high explosives (HE) and metal (e.g., depleted uranium, lead, copper, aluminum, and steel), small-explosives experiments and burn pits (burn pits were used for burning and disposal of test debris). In addition, underground explosive tests at an approximate depth of 100 feet were also conducted. These watershed-based storm water controls will focus on addressing erosion occurring within the floodplain through mitigating and reducing both current and future channelization and head cutting.

Floodplain statement of findings for corrective actions in Potrillo Canyon technical area-36, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Keller, David Charles [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2016-05-18

In 2014, baseline storm water monitoring samples for Potrillo Canyon Sample Management Area at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) exceeded the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Individual Permit No. NM0030759 target action level (TAL) of 15 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) for gross-alpha radioactivity (393 pCi/L) and a TAL of 30 pCi/L for radium-226 and radium-228 (95.9 pCi/L). Consequently, erosion control measures within the management area are proposed to minimize sediment migration, a corrective action under the permit that is a requirement of the New Mexico Environment Department consent decree and a good management practice to limit off-site sediment migration. The area proposed for erosion controls consists of portions of Technical Area 36 that were used as firing sites primarily involving high explosives (HE) and metal (e.g., depleted uranium, lead, copper, aluminum, and steel), small-explosives experiments and burn pits (burn pits were used for burning and disposal of test debris). In addition, underground explosive tests at an approximate depth of 100 feet were also conducted. These watershed-based storm water controls will focus on addressing erosion occurring within the floodplain through mitigating and reducing both current and future channelization and head cutting.

Tendencies and perspectives of the residential energy in Mexico; 1. ed.; Tendencias y perspectivas de la energia residencial en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sheinbaum Pardo, Claudia [Instituto de Ingenieria, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1996-12-31

, Japon, ex Alemania Occidental, Francia, Italia, Gran Bretana, Suecia, Dinamarca y Noruega, paises pertenecientes a la OCDE y las politicas de conservacion mas importantes del sector. Esta primera parte consta de cuatro capitulas. El primer capitulo incluye la metodologia de analisis del uso de la energia por usos finales. El segundo capitulo define los factores que influencian el consumo de energia residencial, presenta las tendencias agregadas del mismo, para los paises de la OCDE y descompone el uso de la energia en cambios en el tiempo debidos a factores poblacionales, estructurales y de intensidad. En el tercer capitulo se utiliza el analisis econometrico para cuantificar la importancia de las variables economicas en el uso de la energia residencial en las cuatro regiones de la OCDE, tambien se estima la elasticidad demanda precio de la energia de largo plazo y las elasticidades de la demanda de energia respecto al gasto privado per capita y el tamano de los hogares (personas por vivienda). En el cuarto capitulo se calculan las emisiones de los principales contaminantes atmosfericos y de bioxido de carbono debidos al uso de la energia residencial y se aplica el analisis de la descomposicion de cambios en las emisiones de bioxido de carbono agregando los cambios debidos a la configuracion de la energia final utilizada en el sector residencial y en la produccion de electricidad. En el quinto capitulo se presenta el potencial de ahorro y las politicas de conservacion y eficiencia de los paises de la OCDE. La segunda parte expone las tendencias del uso de la energia residencial en Mexico de 1980 a 1990 y analiza y evalua las posibles aplicaciones de la experiencia de los paises de la OCDE al caso de nuestro pais. Esta parte inicia en el sexto capitulo y en el se estudian las tendencias del uso de energia residencial en Mexico a nivel agregado desde 1970 hasta 1990 y por usos finales de 1980 a 1990, en este capitulo se incluyen tambien un calculo de las elasticidades

First records of Eupompha imperialis (Wellman, 1912 (Coleoptera: Meloidae in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

López-Estrada, E. Karen

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Three populations of Eupompha imperialis (Wellman, 1912 were located in the Mexican states of Baja California and Sonora, in close proximity to the Mexico-USA border. These populations represent the first records for E. imperialis in Mexico. The specimens were observed in sandy areas of the Sonoran Desert, associated with flowering Tiquilia palmeri (Boraginaceae. These new records suggest that, despite the rarity of some species of Eupomphini, further exploration of the northernmost areas of Sonora and Baja California may increase the number of species of Eupomphini and other tribes of Meloidae present in Mexico.Se localizaron tres poblaciones de Eupompha imperialis (Wellman, 1912 en los estados mexicanos de Baja California y Sonora, en las proximidades de la frontera México-Estados Unidos. Estas poblaciones representan los primeros registros de E. imperialis en México. Los ejemplares de E. imperialis se observaron en zonas arenosas del desierto de Sonora, asociados a ejemplares en flor de Tiquilia palmeri (Boraginaceae. Estos nuevos registros sugieren que, a pesar de la rareza de algunas especies de Eupomphini, el desarrollo de nuevas exploraciones en las áreas más septentrionales de Sonora y Baja California permitiría incrementar el número de especies de Eupomphini y de otras tribus de Meloidae presentes en México.

Análisis de los flujos turísticos en el corredor Los Cabos, Baja California Sur

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Álvaro López López

2001-09-01

Full Text Available The Los Cabos corridor is one of the most dynamic tourism spaces in Mexico. In, around and towards this corridor, intense flows of tourists, migrants, merchandises and information takes place. Diverse in their territorial Impact as they are, most of them act as a link between the southernmost tip of the Baja peninsula and the state of California, in the United States. This is provoking a dissociation of this region of Mexico in its relation with the rest of the country that, to a certain extent, leads to a loss of national sovereignty.

Multi-Gas analysis of ambient air using FTIR spectroscopy over Mexico City

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grutter, Michel [Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2003-01-01

A Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer was used to analyze the composition of ambient air at a specific site in Mexico City metropolitan area. A continuous flow of air was passed through a multi-pass cell and the absorption spectra were collected over a period of two weeks. Quantitative analysis was performed by means of the classical-least square (CLS) method using synthetically generated spectra as references and calibration sources. Ambient levels of CO, CO{sup 2}, CH{sub 4} and N{sub 2}O are reported with a time resolution of five minutes for September 2001, showing interesting results in their diurnal patterns. Comments on the precision, detection limits and signal to noise of the instrument are included for the evaluation of this technique. Water concentrations were estimated and compared with those obtained with a relative humidity sensor. The technique of extractive FTIR for ambient trace gas monitoring was utilized in Mexico for the fist time and some potential applications are given. [Spanish] Se utilizo un espectrometro en el infrarrojo por transformadas de Fourier (FTIR) para analizar la composicion de aire ambiente en un sitio de la zona metropolitana de la Ciudad de Mexico. Para ello se introdujo un flujo constante de aire a una celda de gases de paso multiple y se colectaron los espectros durante un periodo de dos semanas. Para el analisis cuantitativo, se aplico el metodo clasico de minimos cuadrados (CLS) utilizando espectros sinteticos como referencias y fuentes de calibracion. Se observaron patrones interesantes en los niveles ambientales de CO, CO{sup 2}, CH{sub 4} y N{sub 2}O, los cuales son reportados con una resolucion temporal de cinco minutos para el mes de septiembre del 2001. En la evaluacion de esta tecnica se incluyen comentarios sobre la precision, los limites de deteccion, asi como de la relacion senal/ruido del instrumento. Se estimaron concentraciones de vapor de agua a traves de sus absorciones en el infrarrojo y se

Smart microgrids in refineries, Mexico case; Microrredes inteligentes en refinerias, caso Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Estrada Garcia, Javier Alejandro; Linan Garcia, Roberto; Picasso Blanquel, Cuitlahuac; Silva Farias, Jose Luis [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)

2013-03-01

In this paper we present the technological trends on smart microgrids for refineries, case Mexico. Distributed generation on refineries is a model of microgrid with great challenges to solve, considering renewable energy. Also it discusses the scenario in bidirectional connection from refineries to the utility supergrid Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE by its acronym in Spanish) and how to reach the development of a smart microgrid. We look different scenarios in power systems refineries, and the feasibility to achieve and develop the technology concepts in smart grid, such as: demand response in real time, exchange of energy between microgrid with supergrid-CFE and viceversa, energy efficiency, microgrid automation, selfhealing/real time autorecovery fault in power systems, storage energy and its application on power systems blackout in refineries. Finally we discussed the concepts that represent the greatest challenges to be solved on the smart microgrids and consider obtaining alternatives solution in medium or long term. [Spanish] En este documento se presentan las tendencias tecnologicas en micro redes inteligentes para refinerias, en el caso de Mexico. La generacion distribuida en refinerias es un modelo de micro red con grandes desafios por resolver, considerando la energia renovable. Se analiza tambien el escenario en conexion bidireccional de refinerias a la super red de la Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE), la empresa electrica mexicana, y como lograr el desarrollo de una micro red inteligente. Se consideran diferentes escenarios en refinerias de sistemas de potencia, y la factibilidad de alcanzar y desarrollar los conceptos de tecnologia en una red inteligente, tales como: respuesta de demanda en tiempo real, intercambio de energia entre la micro red con la super red de la CFE y viceversa, eficiencia de energia, automatizacion de micro redes, autorrecuperacion de fallas en autoarreglo/tiempo real. En sistemas de potencia, almacenamiento de

ABC 27-2 General bat activity measured with an ultrasound detector in a fragmented tropical landscape in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Estrada, A.

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Bat tolerance to neotropical forest fragmentation may be related to ability by bats to use available habitats in the modified environmental matrix. This paper presents data on general bat activity (for three hours starting at dusk measured with an ultrasound detector in a fragmented landscape in the region of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Bat activity was measured in continuous forests, forests fragments, forest-pasture edges, forest corridors, linear strips of vegetation, citrus groves, pastures and the vegetation present in local villages. The highest bat activity rates were recorded in the villages, in the forest fragments and in linear strips of vegetation. The lowest activity rates were detected in pasture habitats. Data suggest that native and man-made arboreal vegetation may be important for sustaining bat activity in fragmented landscapes.

Background Radioactivity in River and Reservoir Sediments near Los Alamos, New Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

S.G.McLin; D.W. Lyons

2002-05-05

As part of its continuing Environmental Surveillance Program, regional river and lake-bottom sediments have been collected annually by Los Alamos National Laboratory (the Laboratory) since 1974 and 1979, respectively. These background samples are collected from three drainage basins at ten different river stations and five reservoirs located throughout northern New Mexico and southern Colorado. Radiochemical analyses for these sediments include tritium, strontium-90, cesium-137, total uranium, plutonium-238, plutonium-239,-240, americium-241, gross alpha, gross beta, and gross gamma radioactivity. Detection-limit radioactivity originates as worldwide fallout from aboveground nuclear weapons testing and satellite reentry into Earth's atmosphere. Spatial and temporal variations in individual analyte levels originate from atmospheric point-source introductions and natural rate differences in airborne deposition and soil erosion. Background radioactivity values on sediments reflect this variability, and grouped river and reservoir sediment samples show a range of statistical distributions that appear to be analyte dependent. Traditionally, both river and reservoir analyte data were blended together to establish background levels. In this report, however, we group background sediment data according to two criteria. These include sediment source (either river or reservoir sediments) and station location relative to the Laboratory (either upstream or downstream). These grouped data are statistically evaluated through 1997, and background radioactivity values are established for individual analytes in upstream river and reservoir sediments. This information may be used to establish the existence and areal extent of trace-level environmental contamination resulting from historical Laboratory research activities since the early 1940s.

Nuevos registros de los plecos Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau 1855) y P. disjunctivus (Weber 1991) (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) en el Sureste de México New records of the sailfish catfishes Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau 1855) and P. disjunctivus (Weber 1991) (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) in Southeastern Mexico

OpenAIRE

Armando T. Wakida-Kusunoki; Luis Enrique Amador del Angel

2008-01-01

Se reporta la presencia de los plecos Pterygoplichthys pardalis y P. disjunctivus en nuevas localidades en el sureste de México. Los organismos fueron colectados en los ríos San Pedro y Palizada en el estado de Campeche en diciembre de 2007. Estos registros representan el primer reporte en México de P. disjunctivus y el primero de P. pardalis en Campeche.The sailfish catfishes Pterygoplichthys pardalis and P. disjunctivus are reported in new localities in Southeastern Mexico. The specimens we...

Penetration of the renewable sources of energy in Mexico: group of approach to determine the exogenous parameters of the LEAP simulation model (Annexe 10 in 'A vision of year 2030 on the use of the renewable energies in Mexico'); Penetracion de las fuentes renovables de energia en Mexico: grupo de enfoque para determinar los parametros exogenos del modelo de simulacion LEAP (Anexo 10 en 'Una vision al 2030 de la utilizacion de las energias renovables en Mexico')

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pernudi, Montserrat; Alonso C, Antonio [Analitica Consultores S.A. de C.V., Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

2005-08-15

The LEAP simulation model requires the values of some exogenous variables: At international level, the population increase, the economic growth and the international oil prices; at domestic level, the population increase, the economic growth, the energy intensity, the elasticity of demand of energy-price, and the elasticity of energy demand-gross national product. The use of the LEAP model for the estimation of the penetration of the renewable energies in Mexico comprises of the requirements established in the study. To estimate the future long term values of variables as the exogenous ones required by this model by means of expert opinion can be, given the nature of same, equally or more complicated and speculative than to directly consider the future rates of penetration of the renewable energies. In order to reflect on the future values of these variables a group of approach with experts was integrated. [Spanish] El modelo de simulacion LEAP requiere los valores de algunas variables exogenas: A nivel internacional, el crecimiento demografico, el crecimiento economico y los precios internacionales del petroleo; a nivel nacional, el crecimiento demografico, el crecimiento economico, la intensidad energetica, la elasticidad de demanda de energia-precio, y la elasticidad de demanda de energia-producto interno bruto. El uso del modelo LEAP para la estimacion de la penetracion de las energias renovables en Mexico forma parte de los requerimientos establecidos en el estudio. Estimar los futuros valores a largo plazo de variables como las exogenas requeridas por dicho modelo mediante opinion experta puede resultar, dada la naturaleza de las mismas, tan o mas complicado y especulativo que estimar las futuras tasas de penetracion de las energias renovables directamente. Para reflexionar sobre los futuros valores de dichas variables se integro un grupo de enfoque con expertos.

Hydrogeochemical and stream sediment reconnaissance basic data for Aztec Quadrangle, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1981-01-01

Field and laboratory data are presented for 331 water samples and 1693 sediment samples from the Aztec Quadrangle, New Mexico. Uranium values have been reported by Los Alamos National Laboratory in Report GJBX-129(78). The samples were collected by Los Alamos National Laboratory; laboratory analysis and data reporting were performed by the Uranium Resource Evaluation Project at Oak Ridge, Tennessee

Los colores de las conchas marinas en el antiguo occidente de México. El caso del Posclásico Seashell color in ancient western Mexico. The case of the Postclassic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Gómez-Gastélum

2007-10-01

Full Text Available A partir de los estudios sobre la cosmovisión mesoamericana -en especial aquellos relacionados con el cuerpo humano y las significaciones del color-, se analizan los patrones de uso de las conchas marinas y los objetos elaborados con éstas en las sociedades prehispánicas del occidente de México durante el periodo Posclásico (1100-1350 d.C., con la finalidad de acercarse al simbolismo que les fueron otorgados por parte de quienes las utilizaron.Based on studies of Mesoamerican cosmology, especially with regard to the human body and the meaning of color, we analyzed the use patterns of seashells and objects made from seashells in the Pre-Hispanic societies of western Mexico in the Postclassic period (1100-1530 A.D.. The goal was to understand the symbolism given to these objects by the people who utilized them.

Problematic for the implementation of large-scale photovoltaic systems in Mexico, according to the enterprise perspective; Problematica para la implementacion masiva de sistemas fotovoltaicos en Mexico desde la perspectiva de las empresas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barquet Abad, Jose Luis [Asociacion Mexicana de Provedores de Energias Renovables A.C, San Luis Potosi, S.L.P (Mexico)

2007-06-15

This presentation gives the reasons why Mexico should implement photovoltaic systems. Then, there are described the weak points existing in the political sphere and in the Mexican culture by means of a comparison between this country and those countries that already use such systems. In the first part, there are given the reasons why neither investors nor Small and Medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have yet presented any profitable photovoltaic system projects. Next, there are described the actions that have already been done in different foreign countries in order to foster the use of photovoltaic systems, in some cases, there are mentioned the positive results obtained, among there can be found: the incentive for development of renewable energy sources law and other special issues in the Dominican Republic, the Feed-In Tariff program of the European Union and of the Ontario, Canada; supports given by the State of California, US. Finally, there are described the reasons why Mexico would be one of the major leaders regarding to the production of renewable energy. [Spanish] Esta presentacion nos explican las razones por las que Mexico debe de implementar sistemas fotovoltaicos; ademas, describe los puntos endebles en la politica y en la cultura mexicana, haciendo una comparativa de resultados con los paises que ya estan utilizando estos sistemas. En la primera parte, se encontraran las razones por las que, hasta el momento, no hay proyectos rentables de sistemas fotovoltaicos por parte de inversionistas o de Pymes. Enseguida, se describen las acciones que han realizado diversos paises extranjeros para fomentar el uso de sistemas fotovoltaicos, mencionando en algunos casos los resultados positivos que se han obtenido, entre los que se encuentran: la Ley de incentivo a las energias renovables y regimenes especiales de la Republica Dominicana, Programa de tarifas Feed-in de la Union Europea y de Ontario, Canada; apoyos dados por parte del Estado de California, EU

Environmental analysis of Lower Pueblo/Lower Los Alamos Canyon, Los Alamos, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferenbaugh, R.W.; Buhl, T.E.; Stoker, A.K.; Becker, N.M.; Rodgers, J.C.; Hansen, W.R.

1994-12-01

The radiological survey of the former radioactive waste treatment plant site (TA-45), Acid Canyon, Pueblo Canyon, and Los Alamos Canyon found residual contamination at the site itself and in the channel and banks of Acid, Pueblo, and lower Los Alamos Canyons all the way to the Rio Grande. The largest reservoir of residual radioactivity is in lower Pueblo Canyon, which is on DOE property. However, residual radioactivity does not exceed proposed cleanup criteria in either lower Pueblo or lower Los Alamos Canyons. The three alternatives proposed are (1) to take no action, (2) to construct a sediment trap in lower Pueblo Canyon to prevent further transport of residual radioactivity onto San Ildefonso Indian Pueblo land, and (3) to clean the residual radioactivity from the canyon system. Alternative 2, to cleanup the canyon system, is rejected as a viable alternative. Thousands of truckloads of sediment would have to be removed and disposed of, and this effort is unwarranted by the low levels of contamination present. Residual radioactivity levels, under either present conditions or projected future conditions, will not result in significant radiation doses to persons exposed. Modeling efforts show that future transport activity will not result in any residual radioactivity concentrations higher than those already existing. Thus, although construction of a sediment trap in lower Pueblo Canyon is a viable alternative, this effort also is unwarranted, and the no-action alternative is the preferred alternative

Environmental analysis of Lower Pueblo/Lower Los Alamos Canyon, Los Alamos, New Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ferenbaugh, R.W.; Buhl, T.E.; Stoker, A.K.; Becker, N.M.; Rodgers, J.C.; Hansen, W.R.

1994-12-01

The radiological survey of the former radioactive waste treatment plant site (TA-45), Acid Canyon, Pueblo Canyon, and Los Alamos Canyon found residual contamination at the site itself and in the channel and banks of Acid, Pueblo, and lower Los Alamos Canyons all the way to the Rio Grande. The largest reservoir of residual radioactivity is in lower Pueblo Canyon, which is on DOE property. However, residual radioactivity does not exceed proposed cleanup criteria in either lower Pueblo or lower Los Alamos Canyons. The three alternatives proposed are (1) to take no action, (2) to construct a sediment trap in lower Pueblo Canyon to prevent further transport of residual radioactivity onto San Ildefonso Indian Pueblo land, and (3) to clean the residual radioactivity from the canyon system. Alternative 2, to cleanup the canyon system, is rejected as a viable alternative. Thousands of truckloads of sediment would have to be removed and disposed of, and this effort is unwarranted by the low levels of contamination present. Residual radioactivity levels, under either present conditions or projected future conditions, will not result in significant radiation doses to persons exposed. Modeling efforts show that future transport activity will not result in any residual radioactivity concentrations higher than those already existing. Thus, although construction of a sediment trap in lower Pueblo Canyon is a viable alternative, this effort also is unwarranted, and the no-action alternative is the preferred alternative.

Toward Better Access to Health Insurance Coverage for U.S. Retirees in Mexico Mejor accesibilidad a los seguros de salud para jubilados estadunidenses residentes en México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David C. Warner

2001-02-01

Full Text Available Many retirees from the United States of America have limited health insurance coverage while living in Mexico. Medicare and Medicaid benefits are not portable to other countries and Medigap (private insurance that supplements Medicare is very limited. This causes economic and medical hardships and serves as a barrier to retirement to Mexico. Increasing numbers of U.S. retirees will be interested in moving to Mexico in the future because of the climate, the culture, and the lower cost of living. The numbers are increasing as a result of several factors such as aging "baby boomers" and the rapidly growing Mexican-origin population in the U.S.A. who are citizens or permanent residents but would like to return to their communities of origin after working in the U.S.A. There are several policy initiatives that could provide opportunities for improving health insurance coverage for these retirees that could be cost-effective. The full version of this paper is available too at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.htmlMuchos jubilados estadunidenses cuentan con una cobertura de seguro médico restringida mientras viven en México. Los beneficios de Medicare y Medicaid no son transferibles a otros países, y el Medigap (el seguro privado que complementa a Medicare es muy limitado. Esto genera privaciones económicas y médicas y es una barrera para el retiro en México. Un número creciente de jubilados estadunidenses estaría interesado en mudarse a México en el futuro, debido al clima, la cultura y el costo más bajo de la vida. Este número creciente es resultado de varios factores: el envejecimiento de los baby boomers y la creciente población de origen mexicano con ciudadanía estadunidense o con residencia permanente, a la que le gustaría regresar a su comunidad de origen después de haber trabajado en Estados Unidos de América. En este trabajo se presentan diversas iniciativas que podrían ofrecer oportunidades para mejorar la cobertura de seguro m

Acculturation and healthy lifestyle habits among Hispanics in United States-Mexico border communities Aculturación y hábitos de vida saludables en los hispanos de las comunidades de la zona fronteriza entre México y los Estados Unidos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Suad Ghaddar

2010-09-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between acculturation and healthy lifestyle habits in the largely Hispanic populations living in underserved communities in the United States of America along the U.S.-Mexico border. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2006 to June 2008 using survey data from the Alliance for a Healthy Border, a program designed to reduce health disparities in the U.S.-Mexico border region by funding nutrition and physical activity education programs at 12 federally qualified community health centers in Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas. The survey included questions on acculturation, diet, exercise, and demographic factors and was completed by 2 381 Alliance program participants, of whom 95.3% were Hispanic and 45.4% were under the U.S. poverty level for 2007. Chi-square (χ2 and Student's t tests were used for bivariate comparisons between acculturation and dietary and physical activity measures. Linear regression and binary logistic regression were used to control for factors associated with nutrition and exercise. RESULTS: Based on univariate tests and confirmed by regression analysis controlling for sociodemographic and health variables, less acculturated survey respondents reported a significantly higher frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption and healthier dietary habits than those who were more acculturated. Adjusted binary logistic regression confirmed that individuals with low language acculturation were less likely to engage in physical activity than those with moderate to high acculturation (odds ratio 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.59-0.95. CONCLUSIONS: Findings confirmed an association between acculturation and healthy lifestyle habits and supported the hypothesis that acculturation in border community populations tends to decrease the practice of some healthy dietary habits while increasing exposure to and awareness of the importance of other healthy behaviors

Significant Silence in Elena Garro's "Los Perros"

Science.gov (United States)

Burke, Jessica

2010-01-01

Elena Garro's one-act play "Los perros" (1958) confronts the difficult issue of sexual violence in rural Mexico, a problem that persists today. The characters struggle with the social reality of rape, alluding to the threat of sexual violence while avoiding addressing it directly. While words are granted an almost magical power in…

Diversidad y distribución de Araceae de la Reserva de la Biosfera Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, México Diversity and distribution of Araceae of the Reserva de la Biosfera Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amparo Acebey

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudio documenta la diversidad, distribución altitudinal y geografía de Araceae en la región de Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz. Se escogió un transecto altitudinal en bosque tropical perennifolio y bosque mesófilo de montaña bien conservado desde los 100 m de altitud hasta la cima del volcán San Martín Tuxtla a los 1 700 m. En cada cota altitudinal de 100 m de elevación se realizaron muestreos en 3-4 parcelas de 400 m². El listado de aráceas presentado para la región de la Reserva de la Biosfera Los Tuxtlas se basa en datos propios, complementado con información de listas publicadas, bases de datos y revisión de herbarios. Se registraron 34 especies representadas en 9 géneros, de las cuales 5 son endémicas de México. Las aráceas (hemi- epífitas representan aproximadamente el 11% de la flora epifítica de la Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas. A lo largo del gradiente altitudinal se observó un descenso constante del número de especies respecto al incremento de la altitud. El hallazgo de 3 nuevos registros de aráceas para la región de Los Tuxtlas y el estado de Veracruz demuestran que la realización de más inventarios florísticos sería importante.This study documents the diversity, altitudinal and geographical distribution of Araceae in the region of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz. An altitudinal transect was selected in mature tropical rain and cloud forest from 100 m elevation to the summit of the San Martín Tuxtla volcano at 1 700 m. In each range of 100 m elevation we carried out inventories of Araceae in 3-4 plots of 400 m². The list of aroids presented for the region of the Reserva de la Biosfera Los Tuxtlas is based on our own data, supplemented with information from published sources, data bases and revision of herbarium specimens. We recorded a total of 34 species in 9 genera, of which 5 are endemic to Mexico. The (hemi- epiphytic aroids represent about 11% of the epiphytic flora at the Biological Research

Commercialization of Los Alamos National Laboratory technologies via small businesses. Final report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brice, R.; Carton, D.; Rhyne, T. [and others

1997-06-01

Appendices are presented from a study performed on a concept model system for the commercialization of Los Alamos National Laboratory technologies via small businesses. Topics include a summary of information from the joint MCC/Los Alamos technology conference; a comparison of New Mexico infrastructure to other areas; a typical licensing agreement; technology screening guides; summaries of specific DOE/UC/Los Alamos documents; a bibliography; the Oak Ridge National Laboratory TCRD; The Ames Center for Advanced Technology Development; Los Alamos licensing procedures; presentation of slides from monthly MCC/Los Alamos review meetings; generalized entrepreneurship model; and a discussion on receiving equity for technology.

Legal framework of the bioenergetics; Marco juridico de los bioenergeticos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2009-12-15

This paper presents the law on the Promotion and Development of Bioenergy in Mexico, the regulations of the Law on Promotion and Development of Bioenergy, the agreement on the issue guidelines for the granting of permits for the production, storage, transportation and marketing of biofuels type anhydrous ethanol and biodiesel, the agreement by which emit formats permit applications for the production, storage, transport and marketing of biofuels type anhydrous ethanol and biodiesel and the agreement which delegates to the Secretary of Energy Planning and Technological Development, the powers referred in Article 12 of the Law for the Promotion and Development of Bioenergy. [Spanish] En este documento se presenta la ley de Promocion y Desarrollo de los Bioenergeticos en Mexico, el reglamento de la Ley de Promocion y Desarrollo de los Bioenergeticos, el acuerdo por el que se emiten los lineamientos para el otorgamiento de permisos para la produccion, el almacenamiento, el transporte y la comercializacion de Bioenergeticos del tipo Etanol Anhidro y Biodiesel, el acuerdo por el que se emiten los formatos de solicitudes de permisos para la produccion, el almacenamiento, el transporte y la comercializacion de Bioenergeticos del tipo Etanol Anhidro y Biodiesel, y el acuerdo mediante el cual se delega en el Subsecretario de Planeacion Energetica y Desarrollo Tecnologico, las facultades a que hace referencia el articulo 12 de la Ley de Promocion y Desarrollo de los Bioenergeticos.

Current Census Blocks for Los Alamos County, New Mexico, 2006se TIGER

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — The 2006 Second Edition TIGER/Line files are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the Census TIGER database. The geographic coverage...

County Economic Census for Los Alamos County, New Mexico, 2006se TIGER

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — The 2006 Second Edition TIGER/Line files are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the Census TIGER database. The geographic coverage...

Hydrogeological behavior of the Cuatrocienegas and El Hundido aquifers in Coahuila, Mexico; Comportamiento hidrogeologico de los acuiferos Cuatrocienegas y el Hundido, Coahuila, Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aldama, Alvaro A; Aparicio, Javier; Gutierrez-Ojeda, Carlos [Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (Mexico)] (and others)

2007-07-15

The El Hundido aquifer, in Coahuila, Mexico, has been increasingly exploited by groundwater pumping since the beginning of the year 2001, mainly for agricultural purposes. Therefore, there is concern about the possible negative effects on the adjoining Cuatrocienegas aquifer, which lies under the Cuatrocienegas Natural Protected Area, a site containing a great variety of endemic species. The objective of this research was to evaluate the hydrodynamic, isotopic, and geochemical behavior of the El Hundido aquifer and the possible hydraulic interaction with the Cuatrocienegas aquifer in Coahuila. To fulfill this objective, field, office, and laboratory activities were carried out. The field work included a well census, nine infiltration tests, one pumping test, well hydrometry, a topographical leveling survey of 40 wells, geophysical soundings, a geological field survey, the drilling of two test wells to depths of 200 and 250 m, and the taking of 103 surface- and groundwater samples for hydrochemical and isotopic analyses. The main results of the study are as follows: 1) There is a hydrodynamical divide between the groundwater of the Cuatrocienegas aquifer and the El Hundido aquifer; 2) The groundwater of the Cuatrocienegas aquifer is isotopically distinct from that of the El Hundido aquifer; 3) Groundwater salinity in both valleys is due to the dissolution of the underlying rocks of marine origin; 4) The groundwater source in both valleys is rainwater; while the main water source feeding the Cuatrocienegas springs is precipitation falling on the La Fragua and the San Marcos mountain ranges. [Spanish] El acuifero de El Hundido, Coahuila, ha experimentado desde principios de 2001 un incremento de la explotacion de agua subterranea, principalmente para usos agricolas. Debido a ello, existe preocupacion por los posibles efectos de esta explotacion sobre el acuifero adyacente de Cuatrocienegas, el cual subyace al Area de Proteccion de Flora y Fauna Cuatrocienegas, que

Children's mental health and collective violence: a binational study on the United States-Mexico border Salud mental infantil y violencia colectiva: un estudio binacional en la frontera entre México y los Estados Unidos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marie Leiner

2012-05-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk effects of poverty and exposure to collective violence attributed to organized crime on the mental health of children living on the United States-Mexico border. METHODS: A repeated, cross-sectional study measured risk effects by comparing scores of psychosocial and behavioral problems among children and adolescents living on the border in the United States or Mexico in 2007 and 2010. Patients living in poverty who responded once to the Pictorial Child Behavior Checklist (P+CBCL in Spanish were randomly selected from clinics in El Paso, Texas, United States (poverty alone group, and Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico (poverty plus violence group. Only children of Hispanic origin (Mexican-American or Mexican living below the poverty level and presenting at the clinic for nonemergency visits with no history of diagnosed mental, neurological, or life-threatening disease or disability were included. RESULTS: Exposure to collective violence and poverty seemed to have an additive effect on children's mental health. Children exposed to both poverty and collective violence had higher problem scores, as measured by the P+CBCL, than those exposed to poverty alone. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to consider that children and adolescents exposed to collective violence and poverty also have fewer chances to receive treatment. Untreated mental health problems predict violence, antisocial behaviors, and delinquency and affect families, communities, and individuals. It is crucial to address the mental health of children on the border to counteract the devastating effects this setting will have in the short term and the near future.OBJETIVO: Investigar los efectos del riesgo de pobreza y la exposición a la violencia colectiva atribuida al crimen organizado sobre la salud mental de los niños que viven en la frontera entre México y los Estados Unidos. MÉTODOS: En este estudio transversal seriado se midieron los efectos del riesgo

Thermal fracturing of the well H-40, Los Humeros, Pue., geothermal field; Fracturamiento termico del pozo H-40 del campo geotermico de Los Humeros, Pue.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Flores Armenta, Magaly; Tovar Aguado, Rigoberto [Comision Federal de Electricidad (Mexico)]. E-mail: magaly.flores@cfe.gob.mx

2007-01-15

Well H-40 was drilled for production in 1997, but the well was not able to sustain flow. After it was monitored to assess its injection capacity, the well was changed to an injection well, but the well did not accept more than 5 tons of fluid per hour (t/h). The well was stimulated by thermal fracturing in three tests made in October 2005. As a result, the well can accept up to 110t/h and can be used as an injection well. [Spanish] El pozo H-40 se perforo con objetivos de produccion en 1997. Sin embargo, el pozo resulto incapaz de mantenerse fluyendo. Despues de un periodo de monitoreo se evaluo su capacidad de aceptacion para tratar de utilizarlo como pozo inyector, observandose que no aceptaba mas de 5 toneladas por hora (t/h) de fluido. Por lo tanto, se decidio estimularlo mediante fracturamiento termico con tres pruebas que se realizaron en octubre de 2005, lograndose que el pozo llegara a aceptar hasta 110 t/h, lo que permitira que el pozo pueda ser usado como inyector.

Tuberculosis along the United States-Mexico border, 1993-2001 La tuberculosis en la frontera mexicanoestadounidense

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Eileen Schneider

2004-07-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: Tuberculosis (TB is a leading public health problem and a recognized priority for the federal Governments of both Mexico and the United States of America. The objectives of this research, primarily for the four states in the United States that are along the border with Mexico, were to: (1 describe the epidemiological situation of TB, (2 identify TB risk factors, and (3 discuss tuberculosis program strategies. METHODS: We analyzed tuberculosis case reports collected from 1993 through 2001 by the tuberculosis surveillance system of the United States. We used those data to compare TB cases mainly among three groups: (1 Mexican-born persons in the four United States border states (Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas, (2 persons in those four border states who had been born in the United States, and (3 Mexican-born persons in the 46 other states of the United States, which do not border Mexico. RESULTS: For the period from 1993 through 2001, of the 16 223 TB cases reported for Mexican-born persons in the United States, 12 450 of them (76.7% were reported by Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas. In those four border states overall in 2001, tuberculosis case rates for Mexican-born persons were 5.0 times as high as the rates for persons born in the United States; those four states have 23 counties that directly border on Mexico, and the ratio in those counties was 5.8. HIV seropositivity, drug and alcohol use, unemployment, and incarceration were significantly less likely to be reported in Mexican-born TB patients from the four border states and the nonborder states than in patients born in the United States from the four border states (P OBJETIVOS: La tuberculosis es un problema de salud pública importante y es una prioridad reconocida por los gobiernos federales de México y Estados Unidos de América. Los objetivos de la presente investigación fueron los siguientes, atendiendo específicamente a los cuatro estados de los

United States-Mexico border diabetes prevalence survey: lessons learned from implementation of the project Encuesta de prevalencia de diabetes en la zona fronteriza entre México y los Estados Unidos: lecciones aprendidas de la ejecución del proyecto

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Federico G. de Cosío

2010-09-01

Full Text Available This paper reviews and discusses the main procedures and policies that need to be followed when designing and implementing a binational survey such as the United States of America (U.S.-Mexico Border Diabetes Prevalence Study that took place between 2001 and 2002. The main objective of the survey was to determine the prevalence of diabetes in the population 18 years of age or older along U.S.-Mexico border counties and municipalities. Several political, administrative, financial, legal, and cultural issues were identified as critical factors that need to be considered when developing and implementing similar binational projects. The lack of understanding of public health practices, implementation of existing policies, legislation, and management procedures in Mexico and the United States may delay or cancel binational research, affecting the working relation of both countries. Many challenges were identified: multiagency/multifunding, ethical/budget clearances, project management, administrative procedures, laboratory procedures, cultural issues, and project communications. Binational projects are complex; they require coordination between agencies and institutions at federal, state, and local levels and between countries and need a political, administrative, bureaucratic, cultural, and language balance. Binational agencies and staff should coordinate these projects for successful implementation.En este artículo se analizan los principales procedimientos y normas que se deberían seguir al diseñar y ejecutar una encuesta binacional, como el estudio de prevalencia de la diabetes en la zona fronteriza entre México y los Estados Unidos que se llevó a cabo entre el 2001 y el 2002. El objetivo principal de la encuesta fue determinar la prevalencia de diabetes en las personas de 18 años o mayores en los condados y municipios fronterizos entre México y los Estados Unidos. Se definieron diversos aspectos políticos, administrativos, financieros

Preliminary Characterization of the Liquid Discharge of the Mexico Hospital; Caracterizacion Preliminar de la Descarga Liquida del Hospital Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hernandez Rojas, A

2001-07-01

constituye un grave problema a nivel nacional. En este trabajo se realiza una caracterizacion preliminar de la descarga liquida del Hospital Mexico. Para ello se analizaron diferentes puntos de vertido dentro de la institucion, ellos son : Lavanderia, cocina central, Laboratorio Clinico, Rayos X, Laboratorio de Biomasa, Morgue y la descarga final del hospital. Esto con el fin de conocer el manejo de los desechos liquidos en el centro de salud, la calidad sanitaria de estos vertidos y su influencia en las aguas crudas del Hospital Mexico en el cuerpo receptor. Para este estudio primero se coordino con el personal de cada departamento para conocer sobre el manejo y tipo de residuos liquidos que son descargados al sistema de tuberias. Posteriormente se realizaron las pruebas fisico-quimicas y biologicas con base en dos muestreos compuestos realizados los dias 26 de octubre y 4 de noviembre de 1998. Entre las pruebas realizadas se tienen: pH, DBO, DQO, SAAM, Grasas y Aceites, Temperatura, Nitrogeno y Coliformes Fecales, dependiendo de las caracteristicas de su punto de procedencia. Al final del estudio, se evaluaron los resultados obtenidos para cada punto de vertido estudiado y luego se analizo la influencia de estos focos sobre la calidad de las aguas crudas del hospital, las cuales descargan en una quebrada localizada al costado noroeste de las instalaciones. Los resultados obtenidos permiten conocer preliminarmente la caracterizacion de la descarga liquida del Hospital Mexico y lo catalogan como una fuente de contaminacion. El Hospital requiere de una planta de tratamiento biologica para aquellos vertidos biodegradables, y de un sistema de tratamiento quimico para tratar ese tipo de productos, que son utilizados en los procesos propios de cada departamento; ademas se requiere tomar en cuenta medidas de reduccion de contaminacion que disminuyan la cantidad de desechos desde la fuente. (Author)

Lunar phase and catch success of the striped marlin (Tetrapturus audax in sport fishing at Los Cabos, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. Ponce-Díaz

2003-06-01

Full Text Available The influence of the lunar phases on the catch-per-unit effort (CPUE of the striped marlin (Tetrapturus audax captured by the Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, Mexico sport-fishing fleet from October 1987 to June 1989 was analyzed. The information is from 3 377 fishing trips by 13 vessels that represent about 10 % of the fleet. The analysis of the CPUE showed a maximum in January 1988 and a minimum in February 1989. Taking into account the knowledge of the factors that had influence on the fishing success is important in the resource management. No significant difference during the full moon compared with results during other lunar phases was found.Se analizó la influencia de las fases lunares sobre la captura por unidad de esfuerzo en el marlín rayado (Tetraptus audax capturado por la flota deportiva en Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, desde octubre de 1987 a junio de 1989. La información de 3377 viajes de pesca por 13 embarcaciones que representan cerca de un 10% de la flota. El análisis mostró un máximo en enero de 1988 y un mínimo en febrero de 1989. Tomar en consideración el conocimiento de los factores que tuvieron influencia en el éxito en la pesca es importante en el manejo de los recursos. No se encontró diferencias significativas durante la luna llena comparado con los resultados obtenidos durante las otras fases de la luna.

Hydrogeochemical and stream sdeiment reconnaissance basic data for Brownfield Quadrangle, New Mexico; Texas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1981-01-01

Field and laboratory data are presented for 452 water samples and 351 sediment samples from the Brownfield Quadrangle, New Mexico; Texas. Uranium values have been reported by Los Alamos National Laboratory in Report GJBX-103(78). The samples were collected by Los Alamos National Laboratory; laboratory analysis and data reporting were performed by the Uranium Resource Evaluation Project at Oak Ridge, Tennessee

REPERCUSSIONS IN THE TRAINING AND THE INCOME IN MEXICO. Repercusiones en la formación y los ingresos en México.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Enrique Cuevas, Rodríguez,

2010-12-01

Full Text Available This paper examines, firstly, the relationship between education and income of workers, and secondly, the relationship between training and employment in the labor market in Mexico. The results show that the degrees that have the highest salaries are those related to the exact sciences, and those which are more likely to be hired are those related to education, and finally, it is observed that the areas of health, education, and economic administration, are highly correlated with employment and positive insertion in the labor market.RESUMEN:En este trabajo se analiza, por una parte, la relación entre la formación y el ingreso de los trabajadores, y por otra, la relación entre formación y ocupación en el mercado de trabajo en México. Los resultados señalan que las titulaciones que tiene salarios altos son las relacionadas a las ciencias exactas, las que tienen mayor probabilidad de estar contratadas son las relacionadas a la educación, y finalmente se observa, que las profesiones relacionadas a las aéreas de salud, educación, la economía, profesiones administrativas, tiene alta correspondencia con su empleo e inserción positiva en el mercado de trabajo.

Percepción de la calidad de la atención de los servicios de salud en México: perspectiva de los usuarios Quality of health services in Mexico as perceived by users

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

TERESITA DE J. RAMÍREZ-SÁNCHEZ

1998-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Describir la percepción de la calidad de la atención recibida por los usuarios en servicios ambulatorios de salud en México y analizar su relación con algunas características predisponentes y habilitadoras de la población usuaria. Material y métodos. La información analizada parte de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud II de 1994, que levantó información de 3 324 usuarios que acudieron a los servicios de salud en las dos últimas semanas previas a la encuesta. Resultados. Se encontró que 81.2% de los usuarios percibió que la atención recibida fue buena y 18.8% mala. Los principales motivos que definen la calidad como buena fueron: el trato personal (23.2% y mejoría en salud (11.9%; en tanto que los motivos de mala calidad aludidos fueron: los largos tiempos de espera (23.7% y la deficiencia en las acciones de revisión y diagnóstico (11.7%. Los que utilizaron servicios de seguridad social perciben 2.6 veces más frecuentemente mala calidad de atención que los que acudieron a servicios privados. Para los usuarios, la calidad está representada por las características del proceso de atención (44.8%, del resultado (21.3%, de la estructura (18.0%, y de la accesibilidad (15.7%. Los motivos más importantes por los cuales los usuarios no regresarían al mismo lugar de atención fueron: no lo atendieron bien (18.2% y los largos tiempos de espera (11.8%. Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren profundizar en el conocimiento de la perspectiva poblacional, y determinar la necesidad de implementar en los servicios de salud acciones para la mejoría continua de la calidad de la atención.Objective. To describe the quality of health services as perceived by users in Mexico, as well as an analysis of predisposing and enabling factors to the use of these services. Material and methods. Data were selected from the National Health Survey 11 of 1994. The survey contains information from 3324 ambulatory health service users who sought care in

Background radioactivity in sediments near Los Alamos, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McLin, Stephen G.

2004-01-01

River and reservoir sediments have been collected annually by Los Alamos National Laboratory since 1974 and 1979, respectively. These background samples are collected from five river stations and four reservoirs located throughout northern New Mexico and southern Colorado. Analyses include 3 H, 90 Sr, 137 Cs, total U, 238 Pu, 239,240 Pu, 241 Am, gross alpha, gross beta, and gross gamma radioactivity. Surprisingly, there are no federal or state regulatory standards in the USA that specify how to compute background radioactivity values on sediments. Hence, the sample median (or 0.50 quantile) is proposed for this background because it reflects central data tendency and is distribution-free. Estimates for the upper limit of background radioactivity on river and reservoir sediments are made for sampled analytes using the 0.95 quantile (two-tail). These analyses also show that seven of ten analytes from reservoir sediments are normally distributed, or are normally distributed after a logarithmic or square root transformation. However, only three of ten analytes from river sediments are similarly distributed. In addition, isotope ratios for 137 Cs/ 238 Pu, 137 Cs/ 239,240 Pu, and 239,240 Pu/ 238 Pu from reservoir sediments are independent of clay content, total organic carbon/specific surface area (TOC/SSA) and cation exchange capacity/specific surface area (CEC/SSA) ratios. These TOC/SSA and CEC/SSA ratios reflect sediment organic carbon and surface charge densities that are associated with radionuclide absorption, adsorption, and ion exchange reactions on clay mineral structures. These latter ratio values greatly exceed the availability of background radionuclides in the environment, and insure that measured background levels are a maximum. Since finer-grained reservoir sediments contain larger clay-sized fractions compared to coarser river sediments, they show higher background levels for most analytes. Furthermore, radioactivity values on reservoir sediments have

Summary of environmental surveillance at Los Alamos during 1995

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1996-10-01

Linking the Rio Grande Valley and the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico's Pajarito Plateau is home to a world-class scientific institution. Los Alamos National Laboratory (or the Laboratory), managed by the Regents of the University of California, is a government-owned, Department of Energy-supervised complex investigating all areas of modern science for the purposes of national defense, health, conservation, and ecology. The Laboratory was founded in 1943 as part of the Manhattan Project, whose members assembled to create the first nuclear weapon. Occupying the campus of the Los Alamos Ranch School, American and British scientists gathered on the isolated mesa tops to harness recently discovered nuclear power with the hope of ending World War II. In July 1945, the initial objective of the Laboratory, a nuclear device, was achieved in Los Alamos and tested in White Sands, New Mexico. Today the Laboratory continues its role in defense, particularly in nuclear weapons, including developing methods for safely handling weapons and managing waste. For the past twenty years, the Laboratory has published an annual environmental report. This pamphlet offers a synopsis that briefly explains important concepts, such as radiation and provides a summary of the monitoring results and regulatory compliance status that are explained at length in the document entitled Environmental Surveillance at Los Alamos during 1995

Las enfermedades crónicas desde la mirada de los enfermos y los profesionales de la salud: un estudio cualitativo en México Chronic illness from the perspective of patients and health professionals: a qualitative study in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco J. Mercado-Martínez

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Las enfermedades crónicas constituyen las primeras causas de morbi-mortalidad e implican costos crecientes para los servicios sanitarios en numerosos países. Sin embargo, poco se conoce la forma como diversos grupos las perciben y enfrentan. Este trabajo compara las perspectivas de dos tipos de profesionales sanitarios y población enferma sobre tales enfermedades y sobre las relaciones existentes entre los actores involucrados. Un estudio cualitativo, multicéntrico, se realizó en tres ciudades de México: Guadalajara, San Luis Potosí y México DF. Participaron sujetos con enfermedades crónicas, médicos y profesionales sanitarios no médicos. La información se obtuvo mediante grupos focales y entrevistas individuales, analizándose mediante análisis del discurso. La perspectiva de los participantes sobre tales enfermedades varía entre la mirada medicalizada de los médicos, frente a la de los sujetos enfermos centrada en los padecimientos y la vida diaria. Los participantes coinciden en la existencia de relaciones desiguales entre los trabajadores de la salud, la familia y las personas enfermas, así como en relaciones más igualitarias entre los enfermos. Se discuten múltiples implicaciones de los resultados.Chronic diseases are leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and increasing expenditures in numerous countries. However, little is known about how chronic diseases are perceived and managed by social actors. This article aims to compare the perspectives of health professionals and patients towards chronic diseases, besides analyzing the relationship between these two groups. A qualitative, multi-center study was conducted in three Mexican cities: Guadalajara, San Luis Potosí, and Mexico City. Participants included chronically ill individuals, physicians, and other health professionals from primary and secondary health care centers. Data collection used focus groups and interviews. The data were analyzed using discourse analysis

Los retos de la produccion de anonaceas en Mexico: produccion y mercadeo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Salas Praiz Joel Salomón

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Analizando los retos actuales del Mundo de las Anonáceas en México, debemos tomar en cuenta todos los participantes, desde el productor, pasando por los mercados de destino y hasta el consumidor final. En un ambiente agroalimentario globalizado y cada vez más competitivo, los negocios que se adaptan para satisfacer las necesidades de los consumidores son los únicos que sobrevivirán y crecerán. La Cooperación Inter-Empresarial, denominada por algunos "Empresa-Red"; para explotar conjuntamente las ventajas de la gran empresa (consorcio y de la pequeña empresa (rapidez, es el primer gran reto. Un segundo reto lo integran los factores que impulsan el mercado: La Seguridad Alimentaria, La calidad del producto, La Innovación, La disminución de Costos, y El Desarrollo de Nuevos Mercados. Un tercer reto es La adaptación competitiva de las anonáceas al cambio climático. Encontrar microorganismos eficientes de control biológico para proteger alimentos, resulta un cuarto reto y una alternativa prometedora para el control de organismos indeseables. Posicionar a las Anonáceas como la Fruta Emblemática de América Latina en los Mercados Internacionales operando una Cadena de Valor Continental, y Converger con todos los actores continentales en este gran esfuerzo que impone la dinámica mundial; es sin duda, el Gran Reto y nuestra invitación, para asumirlo, en este memorable Congreso Internacional. Así como, la Integración del Ecosistema Continental de Innovación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de las Anonáceas.

La transición epidemiológica de las y los adolescentes en México The epidemiologic transition among adolescents in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Ignacio Santos-Preciado

2003-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar los niveles de salud de la adolescencia en México en su demografía, contexto social y económico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se efectuó una revisión de la literatura y de estadísticas vitales, así como de encuestas de opinión, con la finalidad de evaluar el impacto de la transición epidemiológica frente a la disponibilidad y prioridades de los servicios de salud para adolescentes. El modelo epidemiológico de Omran se utilizó para clasificar las características demográficas, sociales y económicas de adolescentes mexicanos como un esfuerzo para definir su impacto en la transición epidemiológica de este grupo de edad. RESULTADOS: Los datos demográficos se presentan en una perspectiva de la transición epidemiológica, la cual nos permite realizar inferencias de las condiciones sociales, patrones de desarrollo y de necesidades en salud de este grupo poblacional en México. Los datos se presentan atendiendo a la demanda y disponibilidad de servicios de salud, el impacto de la educación, las oportunidades de empleo, el rol en la familia y el bienestar. Otros aspectos importantes presentados incluyen la educación sexual y la salud reproductiva, y los relacionados con el SIDA/VIH como pandemia en este grupo de edad. CONCLUSIONES: Los hallazgos presentados revelan que la secuencia tradicional de variables, en la explicación de la transición epidemiológica, no puede seguir manejándose como hasta ahora y nos sugieren de manera imperativa la necesidad de perfilar las necesidades de salud de la adolescencia desde un enfoque holístico, con énfasis en la promoción de estilos de vida sana, que favorezcan un desarrollo justo y equitativo y que además ayuden a enfocar la respuesta social organizada.ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To identify the health status of adolescents in Mexico in their demographic, social and economic context. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search and review of vital statistics, and opinion surveys were

Field studies of engineered barriers for closure of low level radioactive waste landfills at Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nyhan, J.W.; Langhorst, G.J.; Martin, C.E.; Martinez, J.L.; Schofield, T.G.

1993-01-01

The Los Alamos National Laboratory examined water balance relationships for four different landfill cover designs containing engineered barriers. These field experiments were performed at Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, in 1.0- by 10.0-m plots with downhill slopes of 5, 10, 15, and 25%. Field measurements of seepage, precipitation, interflow, runoff, and soil water content were collected in each of the 16 plots representing four slopes each with four cover designs: Conventional, EPA, Loam Capillary Barrier and Clay Loam Capillary Barrier. A seepage collection system was installed beneath each cover design to evaluate the influence of slope length on seepage using a series of four metal pans filled with medium gravel that were placed end-to-end in the bottom of each field plot. An automated water flow data logging system was used to collect hourly seepage, interflow and runoff data and consisted of 100 100-liter tanks, each of which was equipped with an ultrasonic liquid-level sensor and a motor-operated ball valve used to drain the tank. Soil water content was routinely monitored every six hours at each of 212 locations throughout the 16 plots with time domain reflectrometry (TDR) techniques using an automated and multiplexed measurement system. Field data is presented to show the effects of slope and slope length on the performance of each landfill cover design for the first 15 months of this field experiment

Whither Elite Cohesion in Mexico: A Comment

Science.gov (United States)

1988-11-01

the problem of elite cohesion, including the mechanisms-- especially the camarilla system--whereby balance and equilibrium, control and cooptation...Generacicnes: Los Protagonistas de Ia Reforma y la Revoluci(n Mexicana, Secretaria de Educacion Pblica, Consejo Nacional de Fomento Educat ivo, Mexico City...loyalty and discipline toward the system as a whole, and especially its apex, the president, and its key institution, the PRI. All this looks different

Significance of detrital zircons in upper Devonian ocean-basin strata of the Sonora allochthon and Lower Permian synorogenic strata of the Mina Mexico foredeep, central Sonora, Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Poole, F.G.; Gehrels, G.E.; Stewart, John H.

2008-01-01

U-Pb isotopic dating of detrital zircons from a conglomeratic barite sandstone in the Sonora allochthon and a calciclastic sandstone in the Mina Mexico foredeep of the Minas de Barita area reveals two main age groups in the Upper Devonian part of the Los Pozos Formation, 1.73-1.65 Ga and 1.44-1.42 Ga; and three main age groups in the Lower Permian part of the Mina Mexico Formation, 1.93-1.91 Ga, 1.45-1.42 Ga, and 1.1-1.0 Ga. Small numbers of zircons with ages of 2.72-2.65 Ga, 1.30-1.24 Ga, ca. 2.46 Ga, ca. 1.83 Ga, and ca. 0.53 Ga are also present in the Los Pozos sandstone. Detrital zircons ranging in age from 1.73 to 1.65 Ga are considered to have been derived from the Yavapai, Mojave, and Mazatzal Provinces and their transition zones of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. The 1.45-1.30 Ga detrital zircons were probably derived from scattered granite bodies within the Mojave and Mazatzal basement rocks in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, and possibly from the Southern and Eastern Granite-Rhyolite Provinces of the southern United States. The 1.24-1.0 Ga detrital zircons are believed to have been derived from the Grenville (Llano) Province to the east and northeast or from Grenvilleage intrusions or anatectites to the north. Several detrital zircon ages ranging from 2.72 to 1.91 Ga were probably derived originally from the Archean Wyoming Province and Early Paleoproterozoic rocks of the Lake Superior region. These older detrital zircons most likely have been recycled one or more times into the Paleozoic sandstones of central Sonora. The 0.53 Ga zircon is believed to have been derived from a Lower Cambrian granitoid or meta-morphic rock northeast of central Sonora, possibly in New Mexico and Colorado, or Oklahoma. Detrital zircon geochronology suggests that most of the detritus in both samples was derived from Laurentia to the north, whereas some detritus in the Permian synorogenic foredeep sequence was derived from the

New Mexicans` images and perceptions of Los Alamos National Laboratory. Winter, 1992--1993

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1993-01-01

This report uses survey data to profile New Mexico residents` images and perceptions of Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The survey results are the responses of a representative, stratified random sample of 992 New Mexico households to a set of questions asked in October, 1992. The data allow statistical inference to the general population`s responses to the same set of questions at the time the survey was administered. The results provide an overview of New Mexico residents` current images and perceptions of the Laboratory. The sample margin of error is plus or minus 3.5% at the 95% confidence level.

Hydrogeochemical and stream sediment reconnaissance basic data for Silver City Quadrangle, New Mexico; Arizona

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1981-01-01

Field and laboratory data are presented for 405 water samples and 736 sediment samples from the Silver City Quadrangle, New Mexico; Arizona. Uranium values have been reported by Los Alamos National Laboratory in Report GJBX-69(78). The samples were collected by Los Alamos National Laboratory; laboratory analysis and data reporting were performed by the Uranium Resource Evaluation Project at Oak Ridge, Tennessee

Arsenic in drinking water in the Los Altos de Jalisco region of Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Hurtado-Jiménez, Roberto; Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L

2006-10-01

To establish the degree of contamination by arsenic in drinking water in the Los Altos de Jalisco (LAJ) region of west-central Mexico, and to estimate the levels of exposure that residents of the area face. Total arsenic concentration (the sum of all arsenic forms, organic and inorganic) was determined for 129 public water wells in 17 municipal capitals (cabeceras municipales) of the LAJ region, using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. For most of the wells, water samples were taken in both November 2002 and October 2003. The levels of exposure to arsenic were estimated for babies (10 kg), children (20 kg), and adults (70 kg). Mean concentrations of arsenic higher than the Mexican national guideline value of 25 micro g/L were found in 44 (34%) of the 129 wells. The mean concentration of total arsenic for the 129 wells ranged from 14.7 micro g/L to 101.9 micro g/L. The highest concentrations were found in well water samples collected in the cities of Mexticacán (262.9 micro g/L), Teocaltiche (157.7 micro g/L), and San Juan de los Lagos (113.8 micro g/L). Considering the global mean concentration for all the wells in each of the 17 cities, the mean concentration of arsenic exceeded the Mexican guideline value in 7 of the cities. However, the global mean concentration in all 17 cities was higher than the World Health Organization guideline value of 10 micro g/L for arsenic. The range of the estimated exposure doses to arsenic in drinking water was 1.1-7.6 micro g/kg/d for babies, 0.7-5.1 micro g/kg/d for children, and 0.4-2.7 micro g/kg/d for adults. At the exposure doses estimated in the LAJ region, the potential health effects from chronic arsenic ingestion include skin diseases, gastrointestinal effects, neurological damage, cardiovascular problems, and hematological effects. While all the residents may not be affected, an important fraction of the total population of the LAJ region is under potential health risk due to the ingestion of high

Social Media’s Impact on Civic Engagement in Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

2016-06-01

active-facebook-users-worldwide/. 2 Francisco Rubio Egea, “51 Millones de Mexicanos Ya Están En Facebook,” Tecnologia , Expansion En Alianza Con CNN, (May...27, 2014), http://mexico.cnn.com/ tecnologia /2014/05/27/51-millones-de- mexicanos-ya-estan-en-facebook. 3 Dan Noyes, “Top 20 Facebook Statistics...YaMeCanse2, Los ‘Trendings’ Del Caso de Los Normalistas,” Tecnología, Expansión En Alianza Con CNN, (December 7, 2014), http://expansion.mx/ tecnologia /2014

Evaluacion de los efectos del TLCUEM en el comercio bilateral y la inversion

OpenAIRE

Carlos Serrano Herrera; Alma Martinez Morales; Arnulfo Rodriguez Hernandez; Saide Aranzazu Salazar

2015-01-01

El tratado de libre comercio entre la UE y Mexico represento la eliminacion de aranceles para un grupo importante de bienes y de restricciones a los flujos de inversion. A quince años de la firma del acuerdo este documento presenta una estimacion de su impacto y analiza los beneficios ulteriores de una ampliacion que incluya productos agricolas hasta ahora no cubiertos

Cogeneration development in Mexico and its recent environmental impact; Desarrollo de la cogeneracion en Mexico y su reciente impacto ambiental

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Elizalde Baltierra, Alberto; Garcia Pelaez, Juan [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1996-12-31

This paper presents the historical development of the electric auto supply systems and cogeneration in Mexico since 1942 to 1995 with the understanding that these are clearly differentiated and defined since 1992. Though it is not, but until 1994 when the first ex profeso permit for cogeneration was granted. It also develops a short prospective vision of the cogeneration in our country, as well as the fuel consumption employed by auto- supply systems during 1993. The pollution emissions to the environment are also analyzed and with it the environmental impact of these electric systems in this year. [Espanol] Se presenta el desarrollo historico de los sistemas de autoabastecimiento electrico y cogeneracion en Mexico desde 1942 a 1995, en el entendido que estos se diferencian y definen claramente desde 1992. Es, sin embargo, hasta 1994 cuando se otorgo el primer permiso ex profeso de cogeneracion. Se desarrolla, ademas, una breve vision prospectiva de la cogeneracion en nuestro pais. Asimismo, se analiza el consumo de combustibles empleados por los sistemas de autoabastecimiento en 1993. Se estiman las emisiones contaminantes a la atmosfera y con ello se valora el impacto ambiental de estos sistemas electricos en ese ano.

Cogeneration development in Mexico and its recent environmental impact; Desarrollo de la cogeneracion en Mexico y su reciente impacto ambiental

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Elizalde Baltierra, Alberto; Garcia Pelaez, Juan [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1997-12-31

This paper presents the historical development of the electric auto supply systems and cogeneration in Mexico since 1942 to 1995 with the understanding that these are clearly differentiated and defined since 1992. Though it is not, but until 1994 when the first ex profeso permit for cogeneration was granted. It also develops a short prospective vision of the cogeneration in our country, as well as the fuel consumption employed by auto- supply systems during 1993. The pollution emissions to the environment are also analyzed and with it the environmental impact of these electric systems in this year. [Espanol] Se presenta el desarrollo historico de los sistemas de autoabastecimiento electrico y cogeneracion en Mexico desde 1942 a 1995, en el entendido que estos se diferencian y definen claramente desde 1992. Es, sin embargo, hasta 1994 cuando se otorgo el primer permiso ex profeso de cogeneracion. Se desarrolla, ademas, una breve vision prospectiva de la cogeneracion en nuestro pais. Asimismo, se analiza el consumo de combustibles empleados por los sistemas de autoabastecimiento en 1993. Se estiman las emisiones contaminantes a la atmosfera y con ello se valora el impacto ambiental de estos sistemas electricos en ese ano.

Memory and History of Mexico ’68

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eugenia Allier Montaño

2016-10-01

Full Text Available The student movement Mexico ’68 (Sesenta-y-ocho that was active between July and December of 1968 has come to be seen as one of the most important events of the second half of the twentieth century in Mexico, in both public memory and national history. However as this was not always the case, the aim of this article is to analyse the transformations and permanencies in the many accounts that have formed over the last four decades concerning the Mexican summer of 1968, giving attention to four types of narrative: public debates, the specialized historiography on the student movement, books dealing with national history, and the official history. This analysis is intended to show how the ‘historical centrality’ of 1968 was progressively formed in the national public space and in historiographic discourse. Resumen: Memorias e historias de México 68 El movimiento estudiantil de México 68 (Sesenta-y-ocho que tuvo lugar entre julio y diciembre de 1968 se considera como uno de los acontecimientos más importantes de México en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, tanto desde la memoria pública como desde la historiografía nacional. Sin embargo, como esto no siempre fue así, el objetivo del artículo es analizar las transformaciones y permanencias en las múltiples narraciones que se han creado a lo largo de las últimas cuatro décadas acerca del verano mexicano del 68, dando preeminencia a cuatro narrativas: los debates públicos, la historiografía especializada sobre el movimiento estudiantil, los libros abocados a la historia nacional y la historia oficial. Este análisis busca mostrar cómo se fue conformando la ‘centralidad histórica’ del 68 en el espacio público nacional y en los discursos historiográficos.

2000 Census Urban Areas for Los Alamos County, New Mexico, 2006se TIGER

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — The 2006 Second Edition TIGER/Line files are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the Census TIGER database. The geographic coverage...

Miscellaneous Ground Transportation (Utilities) for Los Alamos County, New Mexico, 2006se TIGER

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — The 2006 Second Edition TIGER/Line files are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the Census TIGER database. The geographic coverage...

Economic Census Designated Places for Los Alamos County, New Mexico, 2006se TIGER

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — The 2006 Second Edition TIGER/Line files are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the Census TIGER database. The geographic coverage...

Design and results of the USA-Mexico Border Human Papillomavirus (HPV, Cervical Dysplasia, and Chlamydia trachomatis Study Diseño y resultados del estudio sobre los papilomavirus humanos (PVH, la displasia cervical y Chlamydia trachomatis en la frontera de Estados Unidos y México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna R. Giuliano

2001-03-01

Full Text Available Objective. Mexico has one of the highest mortality rates of invasive cervical cancer in the world. This is particularly true for the states in northern Mexico that border on the United States of America. In addition, Hispanics in the United States have higher rates than do non-Hispanics in the country. Therefore, a binational team was formed to focus on this problem and to determine the risk factors and prevalence of cervical dysplasia and human papillomavirus (HPV infection, the sexually transmitted disease (STD known to cause cervical cancer. Chlamydia trachomatis infection, a common STD and potential HPV cofactor, was also assessed. Methods. Research was conducted in 1997 and 1998 in the border region of two states, Arizona in the United States and Sonora in Mexico, applying a cross-sectional study of women attending clinics for routine gynecologic care. Clinical measurements included Pap smears, HPV infection by both polymerase chain reaction (PCR and Hybrid Capture (HC, and C. trachomatis status by HC and enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA. A total of 2 436 women were enrolled (mean age 33.3 years ± 10.3 years. Results. The overall prevalence of abnormal cytology was 9.3%, with a significant difference in the prevalence in Mexico (11.4% vs. the United States (6.6%. Of the participants, 14.5% of them tested positive for HPV by PCR, with no significant difference between the two countries, in spite of a lower behavioral risk profile for the Mexican women. Overall prevalence of C. trachomatis was found to be greater by HC than by EIA (8.2% vs. 3.0%, and in Mexico higher by both methods. Conclusions. An important accomplishment of the project was the implementation of a quality control program for Pap smear collection, which resulted in a significant reduction in inadequate smears in Mexico. Despite numerous potential logistical barriers, the binational team successfully conducted a large-scale study in the border area and developed an

Glyoxal contribution to aerosols over Los Angeles

Science.gov (United States)

Balcerak, Ernie

2012-01-01

Laboratory and field studies have indicated that glyoxal (chemical formula OCHCHO), an atmospheric oxidation product of isoprene and aromatic compounds, may contribute to secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere, which can block sunlight and affect atmospheric chemistry. Some aerosols are primary aerosols, emitted directly into the atmosphere, while others are secondary, formed through chemical reactions in the atmosphere. Washenfelder et al. describe in situ glyoxal measurements from Pasadena, Calif., near Los Angeles, made during summer 2010. They used three different methods to calculate the contribution of glyoxal to secondary atmospheric aerosol and found that it is responsible for 0-0.2 microgram per cubic meter, or 0-4%, of the secondary organic aerosol mass. The researchers also compared their results to those of a previous study that calculated the glyoxal contribution to aerosol for Mexico City. Mexico City had higher levels of organic aerosol mass from glyoxal. They suggest that the lower contribution of glyoxal to aerosol concentrations for Los Angeles may be due to differences in the composition or water content of the aerosols above the two cities. (Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, doi:10.1029/2011JD016314, 2011)

The alternative and renewable energy sources in Mexico; Fuentes alternativas y renovables de energia en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Urbano C, J Antonio [Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico); Matsumoto K, Yasuhiro; Asomoza P, Rene [Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1997-12-31

This paper presents an overview of the efforts that have been made in our Mexico in the area of Alternative and Renewable Sources of Energy, effort performed by different institutions, government agencies and private companies along the last 25 years. Older periods are not contemplated, although significant advances have existed, specifically in the area of small micro-hydraulic power plants, since the end of the past century and in solar collectors, more than 60 years ago, as the most relevant advances have been contemplated in these last two decades. The entire world energy demand is analyzed, making emphasis in our country, the efforts on the installed geothermal power plants, the flat collectors for domestic use, the solar power plants installed by some government agencies are also mentioned, as well as the strong growth in the photo-voltaic field at worldwide level as well as at domestic level (a graph is presented of the multiple applications of the photo-voltaic conversion of the solar energy at world level of which some of these are already operational in our country), including the hybrid systems (wind power photo-voltaic Diesel, the pilot biogas plants, the solar ponds efforts and the recently inaugurated wind-power plant of 1.575 MW installed at La Venta, in the Oaxaca State. [Espanol] El presente articulo, presenta una revision de los esfuerzos que se han desarrollado en nuestro Mexico, en el campo de las Fuentes Alternas y Renovables de Energia, esfuerzos realizados por diferentes instituciones, dependencias y companias a lo largo de los ultimos 25 anos. No se contemplan periodos mas antiguos, aunque han existido adelantos significativos, especificamente, en el campo de pequenas centrales microhidraulicas desde fines del siglo, y de colectores solares desde hace mas de 60 anos, ya que los mas relevantes se contemplan en estas ultimas dos decadas de recopilacion. Se analiza la demanda de energia mundial, haciendo enfasis a nuestro pais, se mencionan los

The alternative and renewable energy sources in Mexico; Fuentes alternativas y renovables de energia en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Urbano C, J. Antonio [Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico); Matsumoto K, Yasuhiro; Asomoza P, Rene [Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1996-12-31

This paper presents an overview of the efforts that have been made in our Mexico in the area of Alternative and Renewable Sources of Energy, effort performed by different institutions, government agencies and private companies along the last 25 years. Older periods are not contemplated, although significant advances have existed, specifically in the area of small micro-hydraulic power plants, since the end of the past century and in solar collectors, more than 60 years ago, as the most relevant advances have been contemplated in these last two decades. The entire world energy demand is analyzed, making emphasis in our country, the efforts on the installed geothermal power plants, the flat collectors for domestic use, the solar power plants installed by some government agencies are also mentioned, as well as the strong growth in the photo-voltaic field at worldwide level as well as at domestic level (a graph is presented of the multiple applications of the photo-voltaic conversion of the solar energy at world level of which some of these are already operational in our country), including the hybrid systems (wind power photo-voltaic Diesel, the pilot biogas plants, the solar ponds efforts and the recently inaugurated wind-power plant of 1.575 MW installed at La Venta, in the Oaxaca State. [Espanol] El presente articulo, presenta una revision de los esfuerzos que se han desarrollado en nuestro Mexico, en el campo de las Fuentes Alternas y Renovables de Energia, esfuerzos realizados por diferentes instituciones, dependencias y companias a lo largo de los ultimos 25 anos. No se contemplan periodos mas antiguos, aunque han existido adelantos significativos, especificamente, en el campo de pequenas centrales microhidraulicas desde fines del siglo, y de colectores solares desde hace mas de 60 anos, ya que los mas relevantes se contemplan en estas ultimas dos decadas de recopilacion. Se analiza la demanda de energia mundial, haciendo enfasis a nuestro pais, se mencionan los

Los Alamos DP West Plutonium Facility decontamination project

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garde, R.; Cox, E.J.; Valentine, A.M.

1982-01-01

The DP West Plutonium Facility operated by the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, was decontaminated between April 1978 and April 1981. The facility was constructed in 1944 to 1945 to produce plutonium metal and fabricate parts for nuclear weapons. It was continually used as a plutonium processing and research facility until mid-1978. Decontamination operations included dismantling and removing gloveboxes and conveyor tunnels; removing process systems, utilities, and exhaust ducts; and decontaminating all remaining surfaces. This report describes glovebox and conveyor tunnel separations, decontamination techniques, health and safety considerations, waste management procedures, and costs of the operation

Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Semaan, Leslie

The text explores Mexico's history, geography, art, religion, and lifestyles in the context of its complex economy. The text focuses on Mexico's economy and reasons for its current situation. Part I of this teaching unit includes: Teacher Overview, Why Study Mexico, Mexico Fact Sheet, Map of Mexico, the Land and Climate, History, Government,…

Residential energy consumption for end uses in Mexico (1984-1994); Consumo de energia residencial por usos finales en Mexico (1984 y 1994)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vazquez, Oscar; Sheinbaum, Claudia [Instituto de Ingenieria de la UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1998-12-31

This paper analyses the changes in equipment in dwellings and the residential energy consumption for end uses in Mexico in the 1984-1994 decade. The study is based in data of the Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Geografia e Informatica (INEGI)`s Income-Expense in Homes National Survey and in estimates of the unit consumption of the household appurtenances. The most important results show that food cooking represents 64% of the residential energy consumption, 22% water heating, 4% lightning and 10% electric appurtenances and other uses of LP gas and natural gas. The devices of greater saturation in 1994 were the gas stove (87%), the iron (85%), the TV (85%) and the refrigerator (64%). In analysis of the equipment there is a serious inequity in the country. The number of dwellings that have electric household devices or appurtenances requiring the supply of energy services greatly depend on the income level of the same. [Espanol] Este articulo analiza los cambios en el equipamiento de las viviendas y en el consumo de energia residencial por usos finales en Mexico en la decada 1984-1994. El estudio se basa en datos de la Encuesta Nacional Ingreso-Gasto de los Hogares del Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Geografia e Informatica (INEGI) y en estimaciones del consumo unitario de los equipos. Los resultados mas importantes muestran que la coccion de alimentos representa el 64% del consumo de energia residencial, 22% el calentamiento de agua, 4% la iluminacion y 10% los equipos electricos y otros usos de gas LP y gas natural. Los equipos de mayor saturacion en 1994 fueron la estufa de gas (87%), la plancha (85%), la television (85%) y el refrigerador (64%). En un analisis de equipamiento por nivel de ingreso, se muestra que existe una inequidad grave en el pais. El numero de viviendas que cuentan con equipos para suministrar servicios energeticos depende enormemente del nivel de ingreso de las mismas.

Residential energy consumption for end uses in Mexico (1984-1994); Consumo de energia residencial por usos finales en Mexico (1984 y 1994)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vazquez, Oscar; Sheinbaum, Claudia [Instituto de Ingenieria de la UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1999-12-31

This paper analyses the changes in equipment in dwellings and the residential energy consumption for end uses in Mexico in the 1984-1994 decade. The study is based in data of the Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Geografia e Informatica (INEGI)`s Income-Expense in Homes National Survey and in estimates of the unit consumption of the household appurtenances. The most important results show that food cooking represents 64% of the residential energy consumption, 22% water heating, 4% lightning and 10% electric appurtenances and other uses of LP gas and natural gas. The devices of greater saturation in 1994 were the gas stove (87%), the iron (85%), the TV (85%) and the refrigerator (64%). In analysis of the equipment there is a serious inequity in the country. The number of dwellings that have electric household devices or appurtenances requiring the supply of energy services greatly depend on the income level of the same. [Espanol] Este articulo analiza los cambios en el equipamiento de las viviendas y en el consumo de energia residencial por usos finales en Mexico en la decada 1984-1994. El estudio se basa en datos de la Encuesta Nacional Ingreso-Gasto de los Hogares del Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Geografia e Informatica (INEGI) y en estimaciones del consumo unitario de los equipos. Los resultados mas importantes muestran que la coccion de alimentos representa el 64% del consumo de energia residencial, 22% el calentamiento de agua, 4% la iluminacion y 10% los equipos electricos y otros usos de gas LP y gas natural. Los equipos de mayor saturacion en 1994 fueron la estufa de gas (87%), la plancha (85%), la television (85%) y el refrigerador (64%). En un analisis de equipamiento por nivel de ingreso, se muestra que existe una inequidad grave en el pais. El numero de viviendas que cuentan con equipos para suministrar servicios energeticos depende enormemente del nivel de ingreso de las mismas.

Dynamic simulation of an office with windows with solar control filter: cases in Mexico and Canada; Simulacion dinamica de una oficina con una ventana con filtro de control solar: casos en Mexico y Canada

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gijon Rivera, M. A.; Alvarez Garcia, G.; Xaman Villasenor, J. [Centro Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo Tecnologico, CENIDET-DGEST-SEP, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)]. E-mail: gaby@cenidet.edu.mx; I. Beausoleil-Morrison [Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa (Canada)]. E-mail: ibeausol@mae.carleton.ca

2010-11-15

The use of solar passive strategies in buildings with large glazed areas such as new solar control coatings in windows are becoming more important and helpful recently, mainly because those developments can help to reduce heat gains and/or losses through transparent materials, reduce energy consumption, and improving the environment inside buildings. This paper presents an assessment of thermal performance in an office building with a SnS-Cu{sub x}S solar control coating and its influence on indoor conditions. The simulations consider climates of Mexico city and Ottawa as a good representation of two extremely conditions to asses the thermal behaviour inside offices, energy consumption, costs for air conditioning, and the influence of interior heat transfer coefficient correlations on energy consumption. The results are shown with and without the solar control coating adhered in a clear glass and in a double window configuration. The case of the system glass-film is the worst configuration as result of the high temperatures in the internal surface impacting the air point temperature and increasing the energy consumption. In general, the double glass configuration presents the best conditions, showing higher benefits for the case in Mexico City than the case of Ottawa. [Spanish] Resulta importante implementar estrategias pasivas en estudios de edificaciones con grandes areas de ventanas, como es la implementacion de nuevos materiales de control solar en vidrios que ayudan a reducir las ganancias y/o perdidas de calor a traves de los materiales transparentes, y asi reducir el consumo de energia y mejorar las condiciones del confort interior de los edificios. Este estudio realiza una evaluacion del funcionamiento termico de una pelicula selectiva de SnS-Cu{sub x}S que permite algunas ventajas termicas y opticas en el ambiente interno. Las simulaciones dinamicas consideran climas de la Ciudad de Mexico y Ottawa , con resultados que muestran las condiciones de confort

Asociación de los tipos de carencia y grado de desarrollo humano con la mortalidad infantil en México, 2008 Association between types of need, human development index, and infant mortality in Mexico, 2008

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oswaldo Sinoe Medina-Gómez

2011-08-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del artículo fue conocer la asociación entre los diferentes tipos de carencia social y económica y los niveles de mortalidad infantil reportados durante el 2008 en México. Se realizó un estudio ecológico, analizando la correlación y el riesgo relativo entre el índice de desarrollo humano y distintos niveles de carencias sociales y económicas con las tasas de mortalidad infantil reportadas a nivel nacional y estatal. Existe una fuerte correlación entre un mayor nivel de desarrollo humano con una menor tasa de mortalidad. La carencia educativa y el atraso en la calidad y espacio de la vivienda se asocian con una mayor tasa de mortalidad infantil. Si bien la mortalidad infantil en México ha disminuido notablemente en los últimos 28 años, su reducción no ha sido homogénea y se mantienen inequidades que determinan las tasas de mortalidad en relación a los niveles diferenciados de pobreza. Es necesario el diseño de programas con una visión transdisciplinaria que permitan disminuir las tasas de mortalidad con el pleno desarrollo de los individuos y sus familiasThe aim of this study was to assess the association between different types of economic and social deprivation and infant mortality rates reported in 2008 in Mexico. We conducted an ecological study analyzing the correlation and relative risk between the human development index and levels of social and economic differences in State and national infant mortality rates. There was a strong correlation between higher human development and lower infant mortality. Low schooling and poor housing and crowding were associated with higher infant mortality. Although infant mortality has declined dramatically in Mexico over the last 28 years, the decrease has not been homogeneous, and there are persistent inequalities that determine mortality rates in relation to different poverty levels. Programs with a multidisciplinary approach are needed to decrease infant mortality rates

The use of reflecting paints on building`s roofs for energy saving; Uso de pinturas reflejantes en los techos de las edificaciones para el ahorro de energia electrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Valera Negrete, Jose Adrian [Programa de Ahorro de Energia del Sector Electrico (PAESE), Comision Federal de Electricidad, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico); Sanchez Soto, Ramon [Facultad de Ingenieria, Departamento de Termoenergia de la UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1998-12-31

This paper shows the effects of the use of reflecting paints in different colors on the buildings roofs and the results in energy saving obtained in a field test carried on in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon State of Mexico using aluminum paint. [Espanol] El presente trabajo muestra los efectos del uso de pinturas reflejantes de diferentes colores en los techos de edificaciones, y los resultados de ahorro de energia electrica obtenidos en una prueba de campo efectuada en Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, utilizando pintura de aluminio.

The use of reflecting paints on building`s roofs for energy saving; Uso de pinturas reflejantes en los techos de las edificaciones para el ahorro de energia electrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Valera Negrete, Jose Adrian [Programa de Ahorro de Energia del Sector Electrico (PAESE), Comision Federal de Electricidad, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico); Sanchez Soto, Ramon [Facultad de Ingenieria, Departamento de Termoenergia de la UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1999-12-31

This paper shows the effects of the use of reflecting paints in different colors on the buildings roofs and the results in energy saving obtained in a field test carried on in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon State of Mexico using aluminum paint. [Espanol] El presente trabajo muestra los efectos del uso de pinturas reflejantes de diferentes colores en los techos de edificaciones, y los resultados de ahorro de energia electrica obtenidos en una prueba de campo efectuada en Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, utilizando pintura de aluminio.

Los derechos LGBT en México: Acción colectiva a nivel subnacional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jairo Antonio López

2017-11-01

Full Text Available LGBT Rights in Mexico: Collective action at the Subnational LevelThis article questions the classification of Mexico as a case of successful institutionalization of LGBT rights, demonstrating that the recognition of these rights is the exception and not the rule that prevails at the subnational level. It is argued that in spite of the obstacles generated by the federal model, the consolidation of an extended collective field of action throughout the nation has been a fundamental factor in driving the demands for the recognition of the rights of sexual minorities. Appealing to a repertory of demands such as strategic litigation, collective action has made visible the condition of unconstitutional items and legal discrimination of the LGBT population that prevails in the majority of the states of Mexico.  Resumen:Este artículo cuestiona la clasificación de México como un caso de exitosa institucionalización de los derechos LGBT, demostrando que el reconocimiento de estos derechos es la excepción y no la regla que impera a nivel subnacional. Se argumenta que a pesar de los obstáculos generados por el modelo federal, la consolidación de un campo de acción colectiva extendido en todo el territorio ha sido un factor fundamental para impulsar demandas por el reconocimiento de los derechos de las minorías sexuales. Apelando a repertorios como el litigio estratégico, la acción colectiva ha hecho visible el estado de cosas inconstitucional y la discriminación legal a la población LGBT que prevalece en la mayoría de los estados de México.

An application of neural network in geophysical prospecting. Electrical resistivity at Las Virgenes geothermal field, Baja California Sur, Mexico; Una aplicacion de las redes neuronales a la prospeccion geofisica. Resistividad electrica en las Tres Virgenes, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Palma Guzman, Sergio Hugo [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico)

2000-12-01

The technology of the neural network is presented with geophysical focus in the Las Virgenes geothermal field, Baja California Sur, Mexico. The results obtained when extrapolating the associative data of the prospecting magnetoteluria and Vertical Electric Sounding, on the area of the geothermal wells to the rest of the area, allows to classify zones of interest for the geothermal exploitation. Also, the use of these associative parameters with the information of the stabilized temperature of the wells, they allow to predict temperatures for the rest of the area. [Spanish] Se presenta una aplicacion de la tecnologia de las redes neuronales con enfoque geofisico en el campo geotermico de Las Virgenes, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Los resultados obtenidos al extrapolar los datos asociativos de las prospecciones geoelectricas de magnetoteluria y sondeos electricos verticales, en la zona de los pozos geotermicos al resto del area, permiten clasificar zonas de interes para la explotacion geotermica. Tambien, la utilizacion de estos parametros asociativos con la informacion de la temperatura estabilizada de los pozos, permiten predecir temperaturas para la misma area.

Geographic Information System (GIS) Emergency Support for the May 2000 Cerro Grande Wildfire, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

C.R.Mynard; G.N.Keating; P.M.Rich; D.R. Bleakly

2003-05-01

In May 2000 the Cerro Grande wildfire swept through Los Alamos, New Mexico, burning approximately 17,400 ha (43,000 acres) and causing evacuation of Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and the communities of Los Alamos and White Rock. An integral part of emergency response during the fire was the use of geographic information system (GIS) technology, which continues to be used in support of post-fire restoration and environmental monitoring. During the fire Laboratory GIS staff and volunteers from other organizations worked to produce maps and provide support for emergency managers, including at an emergency GIS facility in Santa Fe. Subsequent to the fire, Laboratory GIS teams supported the multiagency Burned Area Emergency Rehabilitation (BAER) team to provide GIS data and maps for planning mitigation efforts. The GIS teams continue to help researchers, operations personnel, and managers deal with the tremendous changes caused by the fire. Much of the work is under the auspices of the Cerro Grande Rehabilitation Project (CGRP) to promote recovery from fire damage, improve information exchange, enhance emergency management, and conduct mitigation activities. GIS efforts during the fire provided important lessons about institutional matters, working relationships, and emergency preparedness. These lessons include the importance of (1) an integrated framework for assessing natural and human hazards in a landscape context; (2) a strong GIS capability for emergency response; (3) coordinated emergency plans for GIS operations; (4) a method for employees to report their whereabouts and receive authoritative information during an evacuation; (5) GIS data that are complete, backed-up, and available during an emergency; (6) adaptation of GIS to the circumstances of the emergency; (7) better coordination in the GIS community; (8) better integration of GIS into LANL operations; and (9) a central data warehouse for data and metadata. These lessons are important for planning

Characterization and Evaluation of a kaolin deposit located in Los Azufres Michoacan, Mexico, for Industrial Use

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guillen, J.; Bribiesca, S.; Escudero, R.

2012-01-01

In this work a kaolin ore from the region of Los Azufres, state of Michoacan, Mexico, was characterized and evaluated in order to assess its use in the industry. A powder fraction less than 45 μm were studied by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The results showed high silica content of ∼70%, associated with minerals such as cristobalite, tridimite and quartz followed by kaolinite and a small amount of alunite. The distribution, morphology and surface area of the particles were obtained by Laser Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer Emmett Teller technique (BET). Thermal characterization was performed by differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and dilatometric analysis. The thermal characterization results displayed a strong mineral thermal expansion from room temperature to 300 degree centigrade, followed by an abrupt contraction a temperatures between 580 degree centigrade to 920 degree. This could be associated with phase transformations of the polymorph of silica, the dehydroxylation of the alunite and kaolinite and the desulfatation of alunite. The physical properties such as mineral color, degree of whiteness, plasticity, linear shrinkage and density were also determined. Finally whit the results obtained in this work, it can be concluded that the investigated ore is highly recommended for the cement industry and plastic. (Author) 29 refs.

Origin of rainwater acidity near the Los Azufres geothermal field, Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Verma, M.P.; Arellano, V.; Quijano, J.L.; Johnson, C.; Gerardo, J.Y.

2000-01-01

The chemical and isotopic compositions of rainwater were monitored at Los Azufres geothermal field (88 MWe) and its surroundings during May-September 1995, which is the rainy season. Samples were collected from eight sites: three within the field, three in its surroundings and two sufficiently far from the field such that they have no geothermal input. The concentrations of Cl - , SO 4 2- and NO 3 - were measured in about 350 samples and found to be generally - , SO 4 2- and delta 34 S also suggests an industrial source for the rainwater sulfur. The determination of pH was found to be necessary, but is not sufficient to characterize rainwater acidity. The Gran titration method was used to determine alkalinity with respect to equivalence point of H 2 CO 3 * . Values of alkalinity were found to range from 10 -4 to 10 -6 eq/L, and were negative only for some samples from Vivero and Guadalajara. Thus, SO 4 2- and NO 3 - are in general not in acidic form (i.e. balanced by Na + Ca 2+ etc. rather than H + ). Sulfate delta 34 S values were about -1.5 per mille in Los Azufres and its surroundings, and in Morelia, but differed from the value of -0.2 per mille for Guadalajara. The delta 34 S values for H 2 S from the Los Azufres geothermal wells are in the range -3.4 to 0.0 per mille. Thedelta 34 S ranges for the natural and anthropogenic sources for environmental sulfur overlap, making it difficult to differentiate between the contribution of different sources. However, a similarity of values of delta 34 S at Los Azufres and Morelia (85km distant) suggest a regional source of sulfate that is not associated with geothermal emissions from Los Azufres. (Author)

Sustainable housing for developing countries: A case study in Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dominguez, Sandra L [Arizona (United States)

2000-07-01

This paper presents the project of a home designed for a middle class Mexican family. The project emphasizes the use of low energy building design to reduce the impact of new construction upon the environment, natural resources, and the building occupants. [Spanish] Este articulo presenta el proyecto arquitectonico de una casa habitacional disenado para una familia de clase media en Mexico. El proyecto intenta promover el diseno de edificios de bajo consumo energetico, con objeto de reducir el impacto de la construccion sobre el medio ambiente, los recursos naturales y los ocupantes del espacio en cuestion.

Atención médica ambulatoria en México: el costo para los usuarios Ambulatory medical care in Mexico: the cost for users

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Armando Arredondo

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Analizar los resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud II (ENSA-II, en lo relativo a los costos del proceso de búsqueda y obtención de la atención médica ambulatoria en diferentes instituciones del sector público y privado. Material y métodos. La informacion se obtuvo a partir de los indicadores de costos de la atención médica que notificó la población de estudio de la ENSA-II. Los costos para el bolsillo del consumidor fueron la variable dependiente, y las independientes, la condición de aseguramiento y el ingreso económico. La significancia de los niveles de variación se identificó aplicando la prueba de Duncan. Resultados. Los costos en todo el país, en dólares estadunidenses, fueron: transporte, $ 2.20; consulta general, $ 7.90; medicamentos, $ 9.60, y estudios de diagnóstico, $13.6. El costo promedio total de la atención ambulatoria fue de $ 22.70. Los hallazgos empíricos permiten sugerir una nueva propuesta de análisis de los costos en salud, tanto directos como indirectos, en que incurren los consumidores de servicios de salud; dichos costos representan una carga importante en relación con el ingreso familiar, situación que se agudiza en el caso de la población no asegurada. Conclusiones. La incorporación de la perspectiva económica en el análisis de los problemas de los sistemas de salud, no debe limitarse a los costos de producción de servicios en que incurren los proveedores, sobre todo si lo que se busca es resolver los problemas de equidad y accesibilidad que actualmente caracterizan a la oferta de servicios médicos en México.Objective. To analyze the results of the National Health Survey (ENSA-II as to the costs generated by the search and obtainment of ambulatory medical attention in various intitutions of the private and public health sector. Material and methods. Information was raised from the health care cost indicators reported by the study population of the ENSA-II. The dependent

Evaluation of cancer incidence among employees at the Los Alamos National Laboratory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Acquavella, J.F.; Wilkinson, G.S.; Wiggs, L.D.; Tietjen, G.L.; Key, C.R.

1983-01-01

As part of the National Plutonium Workers Study, cancer incidence for 1969 to 1978 among employees of the Los Alamos National Laboratory was investigated. Incident cancers were identified by a computer match of the Los Alamos employed roster against New Mexico Tumor Registry files. The resulting numbers of total and site-specific cancers were compared to the numbers expected based on incidence rates for the State of New Mexico, specific for age, sex, ethnicity, and calendar period. For Anglo males, significantly fewer cancers than expected (SIR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.79) were found. This resulted from marked deficits of smoking-related cancers, particularly lung (2 observed, 19.4 expected) and oral (1 observed, 6.5 expected) cancer. Similarly, no smoking-related cancers were detected among Anglo females, though they had a slight nonsignificant excess of breast cancer (14 observed, 9.1 expected) and a suggestive excess of cancer of the uterine corpus (2 observed, 0.25 expected). The pattern of cancerincidence among Anglo employees is typical of high social class populations and not likely related to the Los Alamos working environment

Formerly utilized MED/AEC sites Remedial Action Program: radiological survey of the Bayo Canyon, Los Alamos, New Mexico. Final report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mayfield, D.L.; Stoker, A.K.; Ahlquist, A.J.

1979-06-01

A portion of Bayo Canyon, located in Los Alamos County in north-central New Mexico, was used between 1944 and 1961 as a site for experiments employing conventional high explosives in conjunction with research on nuclear weapons development. Radiochemistry operations conducted at the site resulted in the generation of liquid and solid radioactive wastes, which were disposed into subsurface pits and leaching fields. The site was decommissioned by 1963. The resurvey utilized information from a number of routine and special environmental surveillance studies as well as extensive new instrumental measurements, soil sampling, and radiochemical analyses. Results showed that residual surface contamination due to 90 Sr averaged about 1.4 pCi/g or approximately 3 times the level attributable to worldwide fallout. Surface uranium averaged about 4.9 μg/g or about 1.5 times the amount naturally present in the volcanic-derived soils of the area. Subsurface contamination associated with the former waste disposal locations is largely confined within a total area of about 10,000 m 2 and down to depths of about 5 m. Of 378 subsurface samples, fewer than 12% exceeded 13 pCi/g of gross beta activity, which is comparable to the upper range of activities for uncontaminated local soils. Health physics interpretation of the data indicates that the present population of Los Alamos living on mesas adjacent to Bayo Canyon is not receiving any incremental radiation doses due to the residual contamination. Potential future land uses of Bayo Canyon include development of a residential area

2000 Census Unified School Districts for Los Alamos County, New Mexico, 2006se TIGER

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — The 2006 Second Edition TIGER/Line files are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the Census TIGER database. The geographic coverage...

Current Core Based Statistical Areas for Los Alamos County, New Mexico, 2006se TIGER

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — The 2006 Second Edition TIGER/Line files are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the Census TIGER database. The geographic coverage...

The nuclear borderlands the Manhattan project in post-cold war New Mexico

CERN Document Server

Masco, Joseph

2013-01-01

The Nuclear Borderlands explores the sociocultural fallout of twentieth-century America's premier technoscientific project--the atomic bomb. Joseph Masco offers the first anthropological study of the long-term consequences of the Manhattan Project for the people that live in and around Los Alamos, New Mexico, where the first atomic bomb, and the majority of weapons in the current U.S. nuclear arsenal, were designed. Masco examines how diverse groups--weapons scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory, neighboring Pueblo Indian Nations and Nuevomexicano communities, and antinuclear activist

Neurocysticercosis is still prevalent in Mexico La neurocisticercosis es aún prevalente en México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Agnès Fleury

2012-12-01

Full Text Available In this work, we report the published cases of human and porcine cysticercosis, as well as Taenia solium taeniasis diagnosed in Mexico during the last 10 years. Numerical data allow us to state that this disease remains as a public health problem in our country. Whereas efficient tools have been developed for the diagnosis and prevention of cysticercosis, we strongly recommend further measures allowing the control and eventual eradication of this parasite in Mexico.En este trabajo reportamos los casos publicados de cisticercosis humana y porcina, así como de teniosis por Taenia solium diagnosticados en México en los últimos 10 años. Los datos numéricos nos permiten sostener que esta parasitosis continúa siendo un problema de salud pública en nuestro país. Considerando que se han desarrollado herramientas eficientes para el diagnóstico y la prevención de la cisticercosis, recomendamos enfáticamente seguir promoviendo las medidas que permitan el control y posterior erradicación de esta parasitosis en México.

Stratigraphy and Geologic Structure at the SCC and NISC Building Sites, Technical Area 3, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lavine, A.; Krier, D.; Caporuscio, F.; Gardner, J.

1998-01-01

Ten closely spaced, shallow (<100 ft) drill cores were obtained from the 1.22-Ma-old Bandelier Tuff at a 4-acre site for proposed construction at Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico. The goal of the investigation was to identify faults that may have potential for earthquake-induced surface ruptures at the site. Careful mapping of contact surfaces within the Bandelier Tuff was supplemented with results of geochemical analyses to establish unit boundaries with a high degree of accuracy. Analysis shows that the upper contact surface of Unit 3 of the Bandelier Tuff provides no evidence of faults beneath the building site, and that the subsurface structure is consistent with a shallowly dipping (< 2degree), unbroken block. Because no significant or cumulative faulting events have disturbed the site in the last 1.22 million years, it is unlikely that surface rupture will occur at the site in future large earthquakes. Uncertainty analysis suggests that this method would detect faults with ge2 ft of cumulative stratigraphic separation

The Politics of Subnational Undemocratic Regime Reproduction in Argentina and Mexico La política de reproducción de los regímenes subnacionales no democráticos en Argentina y México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Agustina Giraudy

2010-01-01

Full Text Available This article studies the continued existence of subnational undemocraticregimes in Argentina and Mexico, two countries that have recently experiencednational democratization. The first part of the article offers a conceptualizationof subnational democracy and measures its territorial extension across all subnational units. The second part explores a common, albeit not systematically tested explanation about subnational undemocratic regime continuity, namely, that these regimes persist because they meet national incumbents’ strategic political needs. This claim is tested using statistical analyses to contrast patterns of spending across undemocratic subnational units during the presidencies of Menem (1989-1999, De la Rúa (2000-2001, Duhalde (2002, and Kirchner (2003-2007 in Argentina, and Fox (2000-2006 in Mexico. Contradicting conventional wisdom, the results show that presidents only reproduce a handful of subnational undemocratic regimes, as not all of them can meet presidential needs. In addition, the results reveal that the strategic calculation of presidents regarding this  reproduction is dictated by factors that have been largely overlooked by the literature. Este artículo estudia la existencia de regímenes subnacionales no-democráticos en Argentina y México, dos pa��ses que recientemente han experimentado procesos de democratización a nivel nacional. La primera parte del artículo conceptualiza y define la democracia subnacional y mide su extensión territorial en la totalidad de los distritos subnacionales. La segunda parte explora la validez de una de las explicaciones más habituales en esta área de estudio según la cual los regímenes subnacionales no-democráticos permanecen en el poder debido a que son útiles para satisfacer las necesidades políticas de los funcionarios nacionales. La validez de esta explicación se testea con análisis estadísticos que determinan los patrones de distribución territorial de

Renewable energy: Political momentum and technology for a sustainable Mexico; Energias Renovables: Impulso politico y tecnologico para un Mexico sustentable

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Romero Hernandez, Sergio; Romero Hernandez, Omar; Wood, Duncan [Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico (ITAM) (Mexico)

2011-04-15

The renewable energy sector in Mexico, as shown in this book, is alive and in good condition, prospers and has great potential. In this regard, it is essential that Mexico sees itself as a country with an energy future beyond Cantarell, beyond Pemex and beyond oil. The future of renewable energy offers great hope for the country and the region, and the time is right for a consensus government, business and social more strongly boost the development of this sector. This book discusses the following topics: Renewable energy and sustainable economic development, the regulatory framework for the use of renewable energy, hydropower, bioenergy, Part I: biomass and biogas, bioenergy, Part II: Liquid biofuels; elements for promotion of wind energy in Mexico, geothermal energy, solar PV, solar thermal and micro. [Spanish] El sector de la energia renovable en Mexico, como se muestra en este libro, esta vivo y en buenas condiciones, prospera y tiene gran potencial. En ese sentido, resulta indispensable que Mexico se vea a si mismo como un pais con un futuro energetico mas alla de Cantarell, mas alla de PEMEX, mas alla del petroleo. El futuro de la energia renovable ofrece una gran esperanza para el pais y la region, y el tiempo es adecuado para que una concertacion gubernamental, empresarial y social impulse con mas fuerza el desarrollo de este sector. En este libro se analizan los siguientes temas: Energias renovables y desarrollo economico sustentable; el marco normativo de la utilizacion de las energias renovables; energia hidroelectrica; bioenergia, parte I: biomasa y biogas; bioenergia, parte II: biocombustibles liquidos; elementos para la promocion de la energia eolica en Mexico; energia geotermica; energia solar fotovoltaica; energia solar termica, y la microgeneracion.

Estado de salud y nutrición de los adultos mayores en México: resultados de una encuesta probabilística nacional Health and nutrition status of older adults in Mexico: results of a national probabilistic survey

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Teresa Shamah-Levy

2008-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Describir el estado de salud y nutrición de los adultos mayores en México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizó la información de 5 480 adultos >60 años de edad de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (ENSANUT 2006. Se obtuvieron prevalencias, medias e intervalos de confianza al 95% tras ajustar por el efecto del diseño. RESULTADOS: Hasta 40% de los adultos mayores carece de seguridad social y 2% padece desnutrición; la anemia afecta dos veces más a las mujeres que a los hombres (34.8 contra 17%. Más de 60% sufre sobrepeso y obesidad; cerca de 25% corresponde a hipertensos diagnosticados por la encuesta y 15 a 20% a diabéticos. CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados de este estudio muestran que los adultos mayores en México poseen un estado de salud y nutrición inadecuado, lo cual es urgente atender a fin de optimizar su calidad de vida.OBJECTIVE: To describe health and nutrition status in the elderly population in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Information from 5 480 adults (>60 years obtained by the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT-2006 was analyzed. Frequencies, means, and confidence intervals at 95% were obtained and adjusted for design effect. RESULTS: Forty percent of the adults reported a lack of social security, 2% suffered from malnutrition, women were affected two times more than men by anemia (34.8 vs. 17%, more than 60% of the population were overweight and had obesity, approximately 25% suffered from hypertension according to the survey, and between 15 and 20% were diabetic. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that health and nutrition status among the Mexican elderly population is inadequate. This is a situation that urgently needs to be addressed in order to improve the quality of life of older adults in Mexico.

Changes in the utilization of residential energy in nine countries of the OECD and its possible effects in Mexico; Cambios en el uso de la energia residencial en nueve paises de la OECD y sus posibles efectos en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schipper, Lee; Sheinbaum, Claudia [Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA (United States)

1994-12-31

This paper analyzes the changes in the residential energy utilization in nine countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) between 1973 and 1990. An analysis is presented for the end uses and the changes for the periods 1973-1979, 1979-1985 and 1985-1990 are studied. The influence of the energy saving and conservation programs as well as the changes in the price of the energy is also discussed. It is also described how in the last period the rate of decrement in the energy intensity has diminished due to the lower energy prices. Finally the potential effects of this experience in the Third World Countries, specially in Mexico, are studied. [Espanol] En este trabajo se analizan los cambios en el uso de la energia residencial en nueve paises de la Organizacion para la Cooperacion y el Desarrollo Economico (OECD) entre 1973 y 1990. Se presenta un analisis por usos finales y se estudian los cambios en los periodos 1973-1979, 1979-1985 y 1985-1990. Se discute la influencia de los programas de ahorro y conservacion asi como de los cambios en el precio de la energia. Se describe como en el ultimo periodo la tasa de decremento de la intensidad energetica ha disminuido debido al bajo precio de la energia. Finalmente se discuten los posibles efectos de esta experiencia en los paises del Tercer Mundo, en especial en Mexico.

Changes in the utilization of residential energy in nine countries of the OECD and its possible effects in Mexico; Cambios en el uso de la energia residencial en nueve paises de la OECD y sus posibles efectos en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schipper, Lee; Sheinbaum, Claudia [Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA (United States)

1993-12-31

This paper analyzes the changes in the residential energy utilization in nine countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) between 1973 and 1990. An analysis is presented for the end uses and the changes for the periods 1973-1979, 1979-1985 and 1985-1990 are studied. The influence of the energy saving and conservation programs as well as the changes in the price of the energy is also discussed. It is also described how in the last period the rate of decrement in the energy intensity has diminished due to the lower energy prices. Finally the potential effects of this experience in the Third World Countries, specially in Mexico, are studied. [Espanol] En este trabajo se analizan los cambios en el uso de la energia residencial en nueve paises de la Organizacion para la Cooperacion y el Desarrollo Economico (OECD) entre 1973 y 1990. Se presenta un analisis por usos finales y se estudian los cambios en los periodos 1973-1979, 1979-1985 y 1985-1990. Se discute la influencia de los programas de ahorro y conservacion asi como de los cambios en el precio de la energia. Se describe como en el ultimo periodo la tasa de decremento de la intensidad energetica ha disminuido debido al bajo precio de la energia. Finalmente se discuten los posibles efectos de esta experiencia en los paises del Tercer Mundo, en especial en Mexico.

Energy and environmental costs. An approach to the case of the automotive vehicles; Energia y costos ambientales: Una aproximacion al caso de los vehiculos automotores

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martinez Flores, Leonardo [Instituto Nacional de Ecologia (Mexico)

1996-07-01

The energy consumption of the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico (ZMVM) is presented, considering the different economic sectors and the different types of fuels used by them. The form in which this demand will impact the air quality largely depends on the energy balance. Also an inventory of the emissions in 1989 is given. It is possible to emphasize that the power balance maintains a close association with the emissions inventory, which reflects the dependency of the emissions with respect to the energy use. Finally an analysis is made of the considered environmental costs for Mexico. [Spanish] Se presenta el consumo energetico de la zona metropolitana del valle de Mexico (ZMVM), considerando los distintos sectores economicos y los diferentes tipos de combustibles utilizados por ellos. La forma en que esta demanda impactara la calidad del aire depende en buena medida del balance energetico. Tambien se muestra un inventario de las emisiones en 1989. Cabe destacar que el balance energetico mantiene una asociacion estrecha con el inventario de emisiones, lo cual refleja la dependencia de las emisiones respecto al uso de energia. Finalmente se hace un analisis de los costos ambientales estimados para Mexico.

The energy efficiency standards in Mexico; Las normas de eficiencia energetica en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pulido, Ybo [Comision Nacional para el Ahorro de Energia, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2001-07-01

The Ley Federal sobre Metrologia y Normalizacion (Federal Law on Metrology and Standardization) that is in force since July 16, 1992, establishes that it corresponds to the agencies of the federal public administration, in its scope of competition, to constitute the National Consultative Committees of Standardization (CCNN) to issue Mexican Official Standards (NOM) on products, systems, processes, methods, facilities, services or activities, as well as to certify, verify and inspect its fulfillment. The NOM are of compulsory application because they have as finality the establishing of the characteristics and/or specifications, criteria and procedures that allow to protect and to promote the improvement of the environment and of the ecosystems, as well as the preservation of the natural resources. The Secretariat of Energy issues the NOM on energy efficiency, which are formulated by the National Consultative Committee of Standardization for the Preservation and Rational Use of Energy Resources (CCNNPURRE), which is presided over by the General Director of CONAE. The standardization of Energy Efficiency in Mexico has allowed savings, in the consumption of electrical and thermal energy, estimated for 2001 of 7,700 GWh and an avoided electrical power of 1 270 MW, which locates it as an important measure in the achievement of the objectives of the CONAE-CCNNPURRE, to conceive and to promote strategies and guidelines of action relative to the saving and efficient and rational use of the energy and as a consequence the preservation of the nonrenewable natural resources. [Spanish] La Ley Federal sobre Metrologia y Normalizacion que esta en vigor desde el 16 de julio de 1992, establece que corresponde a las dependencias de la administracion publica federal, en su ambito de competencia, constituir los Comites Consultivos Nacionales de Normalizacion (CCNN) para expedir Normas Oficiales Mexicanas (NOM) sobre productos, sistemas, procesos, metodos, instalaciones, servicios o

Wind power in Mexico: simulation of a wind farm and application of probabilistic safety analysis; La energia del viento en Mexico: Simulacion de un parque eolico y aplicacion de analisis probabilistica de seguridad

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martin del Campo Marquez, C.; Nelson Edestein, P.F.; Garcia Vazquez, M.A. [Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (Mexico)]. E-mail: cecilia.martin.del.campo@gmail.com; pnelson_007@yahoo.com; maiki27@yahoo.com

2009-10-15

The most important aspects of wind energy in Mexico, including the potential for generating electricity and the major projects planned are presented here. In particular, the generation costs are compared to those of other energy sources. The results from the simulation of a 100MW wind farm in the Tehuantepec Isthmus are also presented. In addition, the environmental impacts related to the wind farm in the mentioned zone are analyzed. Finally, some benefits of using Probabilistic Safety Analysis are discussed with respect to evaluating the risks associated with events that can occur in wind parks, being especially useful for design and maintenance of the parks and the wind turbines themselves. In particular, an event tree was developed to analyze possible accident sequences that could occur when the wind speed is too great. Also, fault trees were developed for each mitigating system considered, in order to determine the relative importance of the wind generator components to the failure sequences, in order to evaluate the yield of suggested improvements and the optimization of maintenance programs. [Spanish] Se presentan los aspectos mas importantes referentes a la energia eolica en Mexico, su potencial de aprovechamiento y los proyectos planeados. Se comparan sus costos de generacion electrica con los de otras fuentes de energia. Se presentan los resultados de la simulacion con el programa WindPro, de un parque eolico de 100 MW localizado en el Istmo de Tehuantepec. Asimismo, se analizan algunos de los impactos ambientales relacionados con la instalacion de paquetes eolicos en la zona mencionada. Finalmente, se discuten las ventajas que pueden aportar los analisis probabilisticas de seguridad para evaluar los riesgos asociados a eventos que pueden ocurrir en los parques eolicos, sino de los resultados de este analisis de utilidad para el diseno y mantenimiento de los parques y de los propios aerogeneradores. Especificamente se desarrollo un arbol de eventos con el

Health Care in Mexico: Is U.S. Partnership/Intervention an Advisable Course of Action?

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-26

July 15, 2011, http:// www.imss.gob.mx/ en /institute. html (accessed 4 September 2011). 4 Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los...www.usatoday.com/news/world/2009-08-31- mexico -health-care_N.htm (accessed 4 September 2011). Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores...Seguro Social , Last modified on July 15, 2011, http://www.imss.gob.mx/ en /institute. html (accessed 4 September 2011). 3 access.2 The IMSS, by its

P-{Delta} effects on the reliability of oil offshore jacket platforms in Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

De Leon-Escobedo, D. [Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)]. E-mail: daviddeleonescobedo@yahoo.com.mx; Campos, D. [Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo (Mexico)]. E-mail: dcampos@imp.mx

2012-07-15

Given the important economic consequences of an oil platform failure, all the aspects of its structural behavior and safety issues need to be carefully considered. In particular, P-{Delta} effects on the deck legs of marine offshore jacket platforms may be relevant when the deck height and the vertical load are significant. In this paper, the impact of the moment amplification, due to slenderness of the deck legs, on the platform safety is examined and appraised from the viewpoint of the structural reliability. The formulation is applied to a typical tall deck marine platform under the environmental loading at the Bay of Campeche, Mexico, and its reliability index is calculated with and without the P-{Delta} effect. The results presented herein may be used to improve the current practice in the design and assessment of offshore marine platforms in Mexico and to update the current version of the code. [Spanish] Dadas las importantes consecuencias economicas de la falla de una plataforma petrolera, todos los aspectos de su comportamiento estructural y aspectos de seguridad necesitan considerarse cuidadosamente. En particular, los efectos P-{Delta} en las piernas de la cubierta de plataformas marinas costa fuera petroleras tipo jacket pueden ser relevantes cuando la altura de la cubierta y la intensidad de cargas verticales son significativas. En este articulo se examina el impacto que sobre la seguridad de la plataforma tiene la amplificacion de momentos, debido a la esbeltez de las piernas de la cubierta, y se evalua este impacto desde el punto de vista de confiabilidad estructural. La formulacion se aplica a una plataforma marina tipica, con cubierta alta, bajo la carga ambiental de la Bahia de Campeche, Mexico y se calcula su indice de confiabilidad con y sin el efecto P-{Delta}. Los resultados presentados aqui pueden usarse para mejorar las practicas actuales de diseno y evaluacion de plataformas marinas costa fuera en Mexico y para actualizar la version actual

Pilot Project on Women and Science. A report on women scientists at the University of New Mexico and Los Alamos National Laboratory

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Salvaggio, R. [New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque, NM (United States)

1993-08-01

In the fall of 1991, through the coordinating efforts of the University of New Mexico and Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Pilot Project on Women and Science was initiated as a year-long study of women scientists at both the university and the laboratory. Its purpose was to gather information directly from women scientists in an attempt to analyze and make recommendations concerning the professional and cultural environment for women in the sciences. This report is an initial attempt to understand the ways in which women scientists view themselves, their profession, and the scientific culture they inhabit. By recording what these women say about their backgrounds and educational experiences, their current positions, the difficult negotiations many have made between their personal and professional lives, and their relative positions inside and outside the scientific community, the report calls attention both to the individual perspectives offered by these women and to the common concerns they share.

LAMPF II workshop, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, February 1-4, 1982

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thiessen, H.A.

1982-01-01

This report contains the proceedings of the first LAMPF II Workshop held at Los Alamos February 1 to 4, 1982. Included are the talks that were available in written form. The conclusion of the participants was that there are many exciting areas of physics that will be addressed by such a machine

Los Alamos DP West Plutonium Facility decontamination project, 1978-1981

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garde, R.; Cox, E.J.; Valentine, A.M.

1982-09-01

The DP West Plutonium Facility operated by the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico was decontaminated between April 1978 and April 1981. The facility was constructed in 1944 to 1945 to produce plutonium metal and fabricate parts for nuclear weapons. It was continually used as a plutonium processing and research facility until mid-1978. Decontamination operations included dismantling and removing gloveboxes and conveyor tunnels; removing process systems, utilities, and exhaust ducts; and decontaminating all remaining surfaces. This report describes glovebox and conveyor tunnel separations, decontamination techniques, health and safety considerations, waste management procedures, and costs of the operation

The perspectives of the natural gas in Mexico; Las perspecivas del gas natural en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vazquez S, Luis [DIAVAZ S.A de C.V, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2001-07-01

As never before in the last year we have suffered the increases in the cost of the natural gas. For those who are not aware, the prices have gone from 2.48 dollars per million BTU a year ago to 9.57 last month. The truth is that we are facing a true world-wide energy crisis. From one year to date the prices of all the energy sources have increased an average superior to 30%, including increases in Diesel oil, LP Gas, Natural Gas, Turbine fuel. The causes are many and very varied, from efficiency decisions, as in the case of the electrical Generation that has chosen to incline definitively to the natural gas, confusing de-regulations as in the case of California, increases of demand beyond the anticipated by economic activity, changes of consumption pattern, etc.. This demonstrates the well focussed and the opportunity of this Seminar, since there is no doubt that it has become imperative a single and efficient criterium on this so limited resource. In Mexico, the situation is very similar. Recently a measurement has been implemented that tries to palliate the conjunctural effects of this crisis and PEMEX has put to the disposition of the users a contract at fixed price, for three years and by a specific amount. [Spanish] Como nunca antes en el ultimo ano hemos resentido los incrementos en el gasto del gas natural. Para quien no este al tanto los precios han pasado de 2.48 dolares por millon de BTU hace un ano a 9.57 el mes pasado. La verdad es que os estamos enfrentando a una verdadera crisis energetica mundial. De un ano para aca todos los energeticos han aumentado un promedio superior al 30%, incluyendo aumentos en Diesel, Gas LP, Gas Natural, Turbosina. Las causas son muchas y muy variadas, desde decisiones de eficiencia, como en el caso de la Generacion electrica que ha optado por inclinarse definitivamente por el gas natural, desregulaciones confusas como en el caso de California, incrementos de demanda mas alla de lo previsto por actividad economica, cambios

Detection of Fracture Patterns Within the Southern Portion of a Residential Complex (Tepozanes), Los Reyes-La Paz County (Edo. de Mexico)

Science.gov (United States)

Chavez, R. E.; Arango, C.; Tejero, A.; Cifuentes, G.; Hernandez, E.

2008-12-01

Most of the urban zone within the Valley of Mexico is built on top of the sediments of the ancient lakes of Chalco, Xochimilco, Mexico, Texcoco, Xaltocan and Zumpango. The sediments that cover this great valley are mainly composed by highly saturated clay-sandy materials; which offer a weak resistance to the constructions built on top. In addition, the increasing need of water supply for the population living in the valley (~22 million inhabitants) has weakened the main groundwater aquifers. This has lead to a differentiated subsidence and collapse of buildings, habitation units and roads. These effects put in a serious risk the inhabitants and the infrastructure of the city. As an example, we present a case of an area located in a densely populated zone, within a low-income residential complex denominated Tepozanes. This is located in the Los Reyes-La Paz County (Mexico State), towards the southeastern portion of the Valley of Mexico. The area is geologically limited by the Chimalhuacan Hill to the N, by the Santa Catarina volcanic range to the S. The previously mentioned effects are evident in the constructions of some buildings, where an exposed fracture is found in the NE-SW direction. This feature is affecting the structure of one of them in the residential complex, where the fracture runs underneath. A geophysical study was proposed to characterize the subsoil and to define the fracturing patterns in the zone. The electrical resistivity tomography (ETR) method employing the capacitive and galvanic modes was used to define the fracturing patters and the position at depth of the saturated layers, which might affect the Residential buildings. As a complement, GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) profiles were carried out on the same profiles to correlate the information obtained from the ETR capacitive method which has a better resolution in the shallower zone. The computed results show that the buildings foundations were set on top of a high resistivity layer (~1000

Caracterización de Tagetes filifolia del centro-sur de México por morfometría de los aquenios Characterization of Tagetes filifolia from central-south Mexico by morphometric achene traits

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos A. Núñez-Colín

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Tagetes filifolia Lag. es una especie ruderal ampliamente distribuida en México de la cual se empieza a conocer su variabilidad morfológica, como parte de una serie de estudios relacionados con su posible domesticación para obtener biopesticidas. Para ampliar el conocimiento sobre este recurso vegetal se definieron mediante 11 características del aquenio 104 recolecciones del centro-sur de México empleando una técnica digital de imágenes. Se identificaron 5 diferentes grupos morfológicos. El Grupo I presentó recolecciones con aquenios pequeños y anchos; el Grupo II, aquenios grandes y anchos; el Grupo III, aquenios pequeños y alargados; el Grupo IV, aquenios grandes y alargados, y el Grupo V, aquenios grandes pero más alargados que los del Grupo IV. Las variables más discriminantes fueron el índice de alargamiento, índice de compactación, índice de redondez, relación eje menor/ eje mayor para la raíz canónica 1, y perímetro longitudinal y longitud del eje mayor para la raíz canónica 2. La gran variabilidad de las características de la forma y tamaño de los aquenios de T. filifolia se pudo agrupar en 5 morfotipos, los cuales no estuvieron presentes en toda la región centro-sur de México.Tagetes filifolia Lag. is a ruderal species widely distributed in Mexico from which is starting to make knowledge about its morphological variability as a part of a study sequence related with its possible domestication to obtain biopesticides. For acquiring more knowledge on this plant resource, 104 accessions from central-south Mexico were morphologically characterized by 11 achene traits employing a digital images technique. Five different morphologic groups were identified. Group I had accessions with small and wide achenes, group II had big and wide achenes, group III had small and long achenes, group IV had big and long achenes, and group V had big achenes but longer than group IV. The most discriminant variables were elongation

Upgrades and Enclosure of Building 15 at Technical Area 40: Los Alamos National Laboratory

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plimpton, Kathryn D [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Garcia, Kari L. M [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Brunette, Jeremy Christopher [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); McGehee, Ellen D. [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2017-09-15

The U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Los Alamos Field Office (Field Office) proposes to upgrade and enclose Building 15 at Technical Area (TA) 40, Los Alamos National Laboratory. Building TA-40-15, a Cold War-era firing site, was determined eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (Register) in DX Division’s Facility Strategic Plan: Consolidation and Revitalization at Technical Areas 6, 8, 9, 14, 15, 22, 36, 39, 40, 60, and 69 (McGehee et al. 2005). Building TA-40-15 was constructed in 1950 to support detonator testing. The firing site will be enclosed by a steel building to create a new indoor facility that will allow for year-round mission capability. Enclosing TA-40-15 will adversely affect the building by altering the characteristics that make it eligible for the Register. In compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, the Field Office is initiating consultation for this proposed undertaking. The Field Office is also requesting concurrence with the use of standard practices to resolve adverse effects as defined in the Programmatic Agreement among the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Los Alamos Field Office, the New Mexico State Historic Preservation Office and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Concerning Management of the Historic Properties at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico.

External parasites of raptors (Falconiformes and Strigiformes): identification in an ex situ population from Mexico

OpenAIRE

de Oliveira, JaquelineB; Santos, Tiziano; Vaughan, Christopher; Santiago, Heber

2011-01-01

Raptorial birds harbor a variety of ectoparasites and the mayority of them are host specific. The aim of this study was to identify the ectoparasites of captive birds of prey from Mexico, as well as to verify their impact in the health of infested birds. Raptorial birds were confiscated and kept in captivity at the Centro de Investigación y Conservación de Vida Silvestre (CIVS) in Los Reyes La Paz, Mexico State. Seventy-four birds of prey (66 Falconiformes and eigth Strigiformes) of 15 specie...

Financing options in Mexico`s energy industry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McKenna, J.J. [PricewaterhouseCoopers Securities, Houston, TX (United States)

1999-10-01

A series of brief notes accompanied this presentation which was divided into seven sections entitled: (1) capital markets update, (2) Mexican financial market update, (3) financing options in the energy industry, (4) the Venezuelan experience at La Apertura, (5) private and strategic equity alternatives, (6) Pricewaterhouse Coopers Securities, and (7) Mexico energy 2005 prediction. The paper focused on how the financial crisis and merger activity in Latin America will impact electricity reform in Mexico. It was noted that under Mexico`s Policy Proposal for Electricity Reform of the Mexican Electricity Industry, the financial community will seek to back companies in power generation, transportation and distribution. The difficulty of financing government businesses undergoing privatization was also discussed with particular emphasis on the challenge of accepting political and regulatory risks. The Latin private equity market and Canadian investment in Mexico was also reviewed. Since NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) went into affect in 1994, Canadian investment in Mexico has more than tripled. Canadian companies have invested more than C$1.7 billion in Mexico since NAFTA. Pricewaterhouse Coopers Securities is a global investment bank which sees large opportunities in the Mexican energy market. They predict that in five years, Mexico will experience a gradual liberalization of the oil and gas sector, and a full liberalization of the gas pipeline and distribution business and the power generation, transmission and distribution business. 3 figs.

Los Alamos - A Short History

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meade, Roger A. [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2014-03-12

At 5:45 am on the morning of July 16, 1945, the world’s first atomic bomb exploded over a remote section of the southern New Mexican desert known as the Jornada del Muerto, the Journey of Death. Three weeks later, the atomic bombs known as Little Boy and Fat Man brought World War II to an end. Working literally around the clock, these first atomic bombs were designed and built in just thirty months by scientists working at a secret scientific laboratory in the mountains of New Mexico known by its codename, Project Y, better known to the world as Los Alamos.

A Comparison between General Population Mortality and Life Tables for Insurance in Mexico under Gender Proportion Inequality || Una comparación entre la mortalidad de la población general y las tablas de vida de los seguros en México ante porcentajes desiguales de género

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ornelas, Arelly

2013-01-01

Full Text Available We model the mortality behavior of the general population in Mexico using data from 1990 to 2009 and compare it to the mortality assumed in the tables used in Mexico for insured lives. We _t a Lee-Carter model, a Renshaw-Haberman model and an Age-Period-Cohort model. The data used are drawn from the Mexican National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI and the National Population Council (CONAPO. We also fit a Brass-type relational model to compare gaps between general population mortality and the mortality estimates for the insured population used by the National Insurance and Finance Commission in Mexico. As the life tables for insured lives are unisex, i.e. they do not differentiate between men and women, we assume various sex ratios in the mortality tables for insured lives. We compare our results with those obtained for Switzerland and observe very similar outcomes. We emphasize the limitations of the mortality tables used by insurance companies in Mexico. We also discuss the bias incurred when using unisex mortality tables if the proportion of male and female policyholders in an insurance company is not balanced. || Interesados en conocer las diferencias entre la mortalidad general y la de un subgrupo de la población, como son los asegurados en una compañía de seguros, hemos ajustado un modelo relacional Brass-Type. Para ello, en primer lugar, hemos modelado el comportamiento de la mortalidad de la población general de México entre los años 1990 y 2009. Hemos ajustado un modelo Lee-Carter, un modelo Renshaw-Haberman y un modelo edad-período-cohorte. Los datos utilizados proceden del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI y el Consejo Nacional de Población (CONAPO. Una vez estimadas las tasas de mortalidad se han comparado con la mortalidad asumida por las compañías aseguradoras mexicanas. Estas tasas de mortalidad han sido calculadas por la Comisión Nacional de Seguros y Finanzas de México. Como las

La participación de los pueblos indígenas en los proyectos de cooperación al desarrollo de la Comisión Europea: los casos de México y Guatemala

OpenAIRE

Martínez Espinoza, Manuel Ignacio

2011-01-01

[ES]La presente tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo estudiar la participación de los pueblos indígenas de México y Guatemala en dos proyectos de cooperación al desarrollo financiados por la Comisión Europea e implementados en dichos países. [EN]This doctoral thesis aims to study the participation of indigenous peoples of Mexico and Guatemala in two development cooperation projects funded by the European Commission and implemented in those countries.

Mexico's energy sector in year 2003 and 2004-2013 prospectives (Chapter 1 in 'A vision of year 2030 on the use of the renewable energies in Mexico'); El sector energia de Mexico en el 2003 y las prospectivas 2004-2013 (Capitulo 1 en 'Una vision al 2030 de la utilizacion de las energias renovables en Mexico')

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mulas del Pozo, Pablo [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2005-07-01

In this chapter, related to the energy sector of Mexico the following subjects are reviewed: the structure of the Mexican power sector, the energy balance, the reserves and the production of primary energy, the production and the infrastructure of the hydrocarbons sector, the infrastructure and the production of the electrical sector and, the projections to year 2013. [Spanish] En este capitulo, relacionado con el sector de energia de Mexico se tratan los siguientes temas: la estructura del sector energetico mexicano, el balance de energia, las reservas y la produccion de energeticos primarios, la produccion y la infraestructura del sector hidrocarburos, la infraestructura y la produccion del sector electrico y, las proyecciones al 2013.

Lidar Monitoring of Mexico City's Atmosphere During High Air Pollution Episodes

Science.gov (United States)

Quick, C. R., Jr.; Archuleta, F. L.; Hof, D. E.; Karl, R. R., Jr.; Tiee, J. J., Jr.; Eichinger, W. E.; Holtkamp, D. B.; Tellier, L.

1992-01-01

Over the last two decades, Mexico City, like many large industrial and populous urban areas, has developed a serious air pollution problem, especially during the winter months when there are frequent temperature inversions and weak winds. The deteriorating air quality is the result of several factors. The basin within which Mexico City lies in Mexico's center of political, administrative and economic activity, generating 34 percent of the gross domestic product and 42 percent of the industrial revenue, and supporting a population which is rapidly approaching the 20 million mark. The basin is surrounded by mountains on three sides which end up preventing rapid dispersal of pollutants. Emissions from the transportation fleet (more than 3 million vehicles) are one of the primary pollution sources, and most are uncontrolled. Catalytic converters are just now working their way into the fleet. The Mexico City Air Quality Research Initiative in an international collaboration project between the Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Mexican Petroleum Institute are dedicated to the investigation of the air quality problem in Mexico City. The main objective of the project is to identify and assess the cost and benefits of major options being proposed to improve the air quality. The project is organized into three main activity areas: (1) modeling and simulation; (2) characterization and measurements; and (3) strategic evaluation.

Los directores aprendiendo de sus maestros

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Ortega Muñoz

2016-07-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo de investigación está enmarcado dentro de la línea de indagación Aprendizaje para la Gestión y versa sobre los principales aprendizajes que han adquirido los directivos de educación básica del estado de Durango, México, para el mejor ejercicio de su función. Desde un estudio de narrativa, se recopilaron historias de 16 directores de educación primaria estatal pertenecientes a la zona escolar 24 del sector educativo no. 1 de la Secretaría de Educación Pública. El análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo mediante la herramienta de análisis de información cualitativa Atlas ti versión 7.5. Los hallazgos de la investigación muestran que los principales aprendizajes que los directivos de educación básica del estado de Durango, México han adquirido de sus maestros para el mejor ejercicio de su función son dos: a el trabajo en equipo, del cual se desprenden componentes como una eficaz y eficiente organización del trabajo, el trabajar siempre en colaboración y tener la mejor de las actitudes para trabajar; y b el liderazgo compartido, aspecto en que se perciben elementos como el óptimo manejo y resolución de conflictos, el liderazgo y la toma de decisiones en conjunto por parte del colectivo escolar. Abstract This research paper, framed within the line of inquiry Learning Management, deals with the main lessons that have acquired the management of basic education in the state of Durango, Mexico, for the best performance of their duties, from a study of narrative histories of 16 directors of state primary education outside the school zone 24 the education sector 1 of the Ministry of Education. The data analysis was performed using the computer statistical package you Atlas ti version 7.5. The research findings show that there are two main lessons that have acquired the management of basic education in the state of Durango, Mexico from their teachers for the better performance of their function: a teamwork

Lacunarity of geophysical well logs in the Cantarell oil field, Gulf of Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arizabalo, Ruben Dario [Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico); Oleschko, Klavdia [Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Juriquilla, Queretaro (Mexico); Korvin, Gabor [King Fahd University, Dhahran (Saudi Arabia); Lozada, Manuel [Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico); Castrejon, Ricardo [Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico); Ronquillo, Gerardo [Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2006-04-15

Lacunarity and fractal variations in geophysical well logs are associated with stratigraphic and petrophysical properties of the naturally fractured Cantarell field in the Gulf of Mexico. Neutron porosity (NPHI), density (RHOB, DRHO, PEF), resistivity (LLD, LLS, MSFL), natural radioactivity (GR, CGR, URAN, POTA, THOR) and caliper (CALI) logs are studied. The resistivity logs yielded remarkably high lacunarity values, especially in the hydrocarbon source- and reservoir rocks. Lacunarity {delta} was found to depend on the resolution and radial depth of penetration of the logging method. It systematically increased in the following order: {delta}(RHOB) < {delta}(CALI) < {delta}(PEF) < {delta}(URAN) < {delta}(GR) < {delta}(NPHI) < {delta}(POTA) < {delta}(CGR) < {delta}(THOR) < {delta}(MSFL) < {delta}(DRHO) < {delta}(LLS) < {delta}(LLD). [Spanish] En este trabajo fueron analizadas las variaciones fractales y de lagunaridad de los registros geofisicos de pozo, con el fin de asociarlos con las propiedades estratigraficas y petrofisicas del yacimiento naturalmente fracturado de Cantarell, en el Golfo de Mexico. Los registros considerados fueron: porosidad neutron (NPHI), densidad (RHOB, DRHO, PEF), resistividad (LLD, LLS, MSFL), radiactividad natural (GR, CGR, URAN, POTA, THOR) y caliper (CALI). Los registros de resistividad produjeron valores de lagunaridad notablemente altos, especialmente en las rocas generadoras y almacenadoras, a diferencia de los demas registros, cuya homogeneidad de traza implico una baja lagunaridad. Los resultados indican que la lagunaridad observada depende de la resolucion y profundidad radial de penetracion del metodo geofisico estudiado y aumenta sistematicamente en el siguiente orden: {delta}(RHOB) < {delta}(CALI) < {delta}(PEF) < {delta}(URAN) < {delta}(GR) < {delta}(NPHI) < {delta}(POTA) < {delta}(CGR) < {delta}(THOR) < {delta}(MSFL) < {delta}(DRHO) < {delta}(LLS) < {delta}(LLD).

Needs assessment for fire department services and resources for the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico. Final report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-11-15

This report has been developed in response to a request from the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) to evaluate the need for fire department services so as to enable the Laboratory to plan effective fire protection and thereby: meet LANL`s regulatory and contractual obligations; interface with the Department of Energy (DOE) and other agencies on matters relating to fire and emergency services; and ensure appropriate protection of the community and environment. This study is an outgrowth of the 1993 Fire Department Needs Assessment (prepared for DOE) but is developed from the LANL perspective. Input has been received from cognizant and responsible representatives at LANL, DOE, Los Alamos County (LAC) and the Los Alamos Fire Department (LAFD).

Mexico Geoid Heights (MEXICO97)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This 2' geoid height grid for Mexico, and North-Central America, is the MEXICO97 geoid model. The computation used about one million terrestrial and marine gravity...

Facility-based care for delivery and management of complications related to pregnancy and childbirth in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bernardo Hernández

2012-10-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence and management of severe maternal and newborn complications in selected health facilities in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As part of the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn health, information was collected from medical records of women with deliveries and/or severe maternal complications during pregnancy or puerperium in 14 hospitals in Mexico City and the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. RESULTS: Of 13 311 women, 157 (12 per 1 000 live births had severe maternal complications including 4 maternal deaths. The most frequent complications were preeclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, and chronic hypertension. Adverse perinatal outcomes were more frequent among women with severe maternal complications. A high use of uterotonics and parenteral antibiotics was found. A small proportion of women with eclampsia received magnesium sulfate. CONCLUSION: This study provides indicators on the incidence and management of maternal and neonatal complications in Mexico, which may be useful in studying and evaluating the performance of obstetric services.OBJETIVO: Describir la incidencia y manejo de complicaciones maternas y neonatales severas en hospitales seleccionados de México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: En el marco de la Encuesta Multipaís de la OMS sobre Salud Materna y Neonatal, se recolectó información de los expedientes médicos de las mujeres que tuvieron su parto o experimentaron complicaciones maternas severas durante el embarazo o puerperio en 14 hospitales de la Ciudad de México y el estado de Guanajuato, México. RESULTADOS: De 13 311 mujeres, 157 (12/1 000 nacidos vivos tuvieron complicaciones maternas severas, incluyendo 4 muertes maternas. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron preeclampsia, hemorragia postparto e hipertensión crónica. Los resultados perinatales adversos fueron más frecuentes en las mujeres con complicaciones severas. Hubo un uso amplio de uterotónicos y antibi

Surtimiento de recetas a los afiliados al Seguro Popular de Salud de México Dispensing prescriptions to persons affiliated with Popular Health Insurance in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Garrido-Latorre

2008-01-01

alta prescripción pero muy bajo costo unitario en los servicios ambulatorios, a expensas de medicamentos de costo más alto y mayor eficacia terapéutica en la atención hospitalaria, que son los de mayor impacto en la economía de los hogares.OBJECTIVE: Measure and compare the percentage of prescriptions fully dispensed to persons with and without Popular Health Insurance (SPS in Spanish who use ambulatory and general hospital services associated with the Mexico State Health Services (SESA in Spanish, and taking into account insurance status. SESA user satisfaction was also measured with respect to access to medication. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Information for the study was taken from four surveys of SESA ambulatory and hospital units that included probabilistic samples with state representativity. Samples of ambulatory units were selected by stratification according to level of care and association to the SPS service network. RESULTS: The findings indicate that the percentage of prescriptions fully dispensed in SESA ambulatory units has improved, reaching approximately 90%, especially among those units offering services to persons affiliated with SPS. Nevertheless, these percentages continue to be lower than those of ambulatory units associated with social security institutions. Percentages of prescriptions fully dispensed have also improved in SESA hospital units, but continue to be relatively low. In nearly all states, as the percentage of prescriptions fully dispensed has increased, user satisfaction with access to medication has also improved. CONCLUSIONS: In 2006 more than 50% of the states had high levels of fully dispensed prescriptions among persons with SPS (>90%. The more significant problem exists among hospitals, since only 44% of users who received a prescription in SESA hospitals in 2006 had their prescriptions fully dispensed. This finding requires a review of SPS medication policies, which have favored highly prescribed low-cost medications at

1993 Annual performance report for Environmental Oversight and Monitoring at Department of Energy facilities in New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1993-01-01

In October of 1990, the New Mexico Environment Department entered into an agreement with the US Department of Energy (DOE) to create the Department of Energy Oversight and Monitoring Program. This program is designed to create an avenue for the State to ensure DOE facilities are in compliance with applicable environmental regulations, to allow the State oversight and monitoring independent of the DOE, to allow the State valuable input into remediation decision making, and to protect the environment and the public health and safety of New Mexicans concerning DOE facility activities. This agreement, called the Agreement in Principle (AIP), includes all four of New Mexico's DOE facilities: Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos; Sandia National Laboratories and the Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute on Kirtland Air Force Base in Albuquerque; and the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant near Carlsbad

Lo público y lo privado: las aseguradoras y la atención médica en Mexico Public and private: insurance companies and medical care in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvia Tamez

1995-12-01

cuanto a los ramos de seguros encontramos que el rubro enfermedades y accidentes pasó de representar el 8.84% en 1984 a 19.08% en 1991. Esta situación expresa que el proceso de privatización de la atención médica en México tiene como uno de sus principales componentes la industria aseguradora, lo que se manifiesta a través del apoyo que el Estado ha brindado a la expansión de los grandes complejos médico industriales del país. Esto, ubicado en un contexto de continuidad del. modelo neoliberal, conducirá a una profundización de la inequidad y la desigualdad social en México.During the late 70's and early 80's in Mexico, as in the rest of Latin-America, sanitary policies were directed to support the growth of the private sector of health care at the expense of the public sector. This work analyzes the evolution of the health insurance market as a part of the privatization process of health care. The analysis based on economic data, provides the political profile behind the privatization process as well as the changes in the relations between the State and the health sector. The central hypothesis is that the State promotes and supports the growth of the private market of medical care via a series of legal, fiscal and market procedures. It also discusses the State roll in the legal changes related to the national insurance activity. A comparative analysis is made about the evolution of the insurance industry in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico during the period 1986-1992, with a particular enfasis in the last country. One of the principal results is that the Premium/GNP and Premium/per capita, display a general growth in the 4 countries. This growth is faster for Mexico for each one because the privatization process ocurred only during the most recent years. For the 1984-1991 period in Mexico the direct premium as percentage of the GNP raised from 0.86% to 1.32%. If one focussed only in the insurance for health and accidents branches the rice goes form 8

Micrometeorological studies for the characterization of the atmospheric superficial layer in the Valley of Mexico; Estudios micrometeorologicos para la caracterizacion de la capa atmosferica superficial en el Valle de Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saldana Flores, Ricardo; Salcido Gonzalez, Victor A.; Borja Diaz, Marco Antonio R.; Morales Reyes, Maria Flor [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1995-12-31

This work establishes the principal aspects related to two micrometeorological campaigns carried out in the Valley of Mexico, the first one from May 19 to 27, 1992 in the vicinity of the Valle de Mexico thermoelectric central and the second from September 13 to 21, 1993 in a site nearby the recreational lake of the Texcoco Plan. The first campaign of measurements encompassed the monitoring at ground level (at a height of 10 meters) of the following parameters: -wind orthogonal components; -temperature; -relative humidity; -Global radiation; - Net radiation; -Atmospheric pressure. Also, simultaneously five daily radio soundings were performed through a captive balloon and free soundings, up to an approximate height of 2500 meters. During the second campaign the same measurements as in the first campaign were carried out, except the radio soundings with the captive balloon, incorporating a turbulence ultrasonic sensor with which, among other parameters, were obtained: -Mean velocities of the wind orthogonal components; -Mean temperature; -Covariance of the wind component z and temperature; -Friction velocity; -Monin-Obukov length; -Vertical heat flow; -Wind mean velocity; -Wind mean direction. [Espanol] En el presente trabajo se anotan los principales aspectos relativos a dos campanas micrometeorologicas realizadas en el Valle de Mexico, la primera del 19 al 27 de mayo de 1992 en las inmediaciones de la central termoelectrica Valle de Mexico y la segunda del 13 al 21 de septiembre de 1993, en un sitio cercano al lago recreativo del Plan Texcoco. La primera campana de mediciones abarco el monitoreo en superficie (a 10 m de altura) de los siguientes parametros: - Componentes ortogonales del viento. - Temperatura. - Humedad relativa. - Radiacion global. - Radiacion neta. - Presion atmosferica. Asimismo, se llevaron a cabo simultaneamente cinco radiosondeos diarios a traves de un globo cautivo y de sondas libres, hasta una altura aproximada de 2500 metros. Durante la

Micrometeorological studies for the characterization of the atmospheric superficial layer in the Valley of Mexico; Estudios micrometeorologicos para la caracterizacion de la capa atmosferica superficial en el Valle de Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saldana Flores, Ricardo; Salcido Gonzalez, Victor A; Borja Diaz, Marco Antonio R.; Morales Reyes, Maria Flor [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1996-12-31

This work establishes the principal aspects related to two micrometeorological campaigns carried out in the Valley of Mexico, the first one from May 19 to 27, 1992 in the vicinity of the Valle de Mexico thermoelectric central and the second from September 13 to 21, 1993 in a site nearby the recreational lake of the Texcoco Plan. The first campaign of measurements encompassed the monitoring at ground level (at a height of 10 meters) of the following parameters: -wind orthogonal components; -temperature; -relative humidity; -Global radiation; - Net radiation; -Atmospheric pressure. Also, simultaneously five daily radio soundings were performed through a captive balloon and free soundings, up to an approximate height of 2500 meters. During the second campaign the same measurements as in the first campaign were carried out, except the radio soundings with the captive balloon, incorporating a turbulence ultrasonic sensor with which, among other parameters, were obtained: -Mean velocities of the wind orthogonal components; -Mean temperature; -Covariance of the wind component z and temperature; -Friction velocity; -Monin-Obukov length; -Vertical heat flow; -Wind mean velocity; -Wind mean direction. [Espanol] En el presente trabajo se anotan los principales aspectos relativos a dos campanas micrometeorologicas realizadas en el Valle de Mexico, la primera del 19 al 27 de mayo de 1992 en las inmediaciones de la central termoelectrica Valle de Mexico y la segunda del 13 al 21 de septiembre de 1993, en un sitio cercano al lago recreativo del Plan Texcoco. La primera campana de mediciones abarco el monitoreo en superficie (a 10 m de altura) de los siguientes parametros: - Componentes ortogonales del viento. - Temperatura. - Humedad relativa. - Radiacion global. - Radiacion neta. - Presion atmosferica. Asimismo, se llevaron a cabo simultaneamente cinco radiosondeos diarios a traves de un globo cautivo y de sondas libres, hasta una altura aproximada de 2500 metros. Durante la

Superficial methane emissions from a landfill in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico; Emisiones superficiales de metano en un relleno sanitario en Merida, Yucatan, Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sauri-Riancho, Maria Rosa [Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Yucatan (Mexico)]. E-mail: sriancho@uady.mx; Stentiford, Edward I. [University of Leeds (UK)]. E-mail: e.i.stentiford@leeds.ac.uk; Gamboa-Marrufo, Mauricio; Reza-Bacelis, Gabriela; Cahuich-Poot, Nayla; Mendez-Novelo, Roger [Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Yucatan (Mexico)]. E-mails: gmarrufo@uady.mx; gabriela.reza@proactiva.com.mx; nayre63@hotmail.com; mnovelo@uady.mx

2013-07-15

On worldwide scale, one of the most important anthropogenic methane sources is landfill disposal for solid wastes. The main goal of this work was to quantify methane emissions at one landfill built in Merida, Mexico. This site had venting wells by which a passive control for biogas movement was exerted. At the venting wells, methane concentrations were measured monthly during a 6 months period. Methane surface emission rate was estimated with the close chamber technique. Obtained results indicated that there are both spatial and seasonal variations in biogas composition. The average methane value during the monitoring period was 21.9% (12.7 to 32.5 V/V) and the surface flow rate was in the range of 0 to 6,004 g CH{sub 4} m-2 d-1, with an average value of 1,480 g CH{sub 4} m-2 d-1, which is a high value in respect to these reported in publications. [Spanish] Entre las fuentes antropogenicas mas importantes de metano a escala mundial se encuentra la disposicion final de los residuos solidos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue cuantificar las emisiones de metano provenientes de un relleno sanitario en Merida, Mexico, en el que el movimiento del biogas se controlaba pasivamente utilizando pozos de venteo. Las concentraciones de metano se midieron mensualmente en los pozos de venteo del sitio a lo largo de un periodo de 6 meses. La tasa de emision superficial de metano se determino utilizando la tecnica de camara cerrada. Los resultados indicaron que existen variaciones considerables tanto espaciales como estacionales de la composicion del biogas proveniente de los pozos de venteo con un promedio de concentracion de metano en el sitio, durante todo el periodo de monitoreo, de 21.9% (12.7 a 32.5 V/V). Los flujos superficiales de gas medidos en diversos puntos a lo largo de la superficie del relleno sanitario tuvieron un promedio de 1,480 g CH{sub 4} m-2 d-1, lo que se considero un valor muy alto cuando se comparo con la informacion hallada en la literatura. El intervalo

Evaluation of environmental sustainability in the construction and management of buildings in Mexico; Evaluacion de la sustentabilidad ambiental en la construccion y administracion de edificios en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

De Buen Rodriguez, Odon [Energia, Tecnologia y Educacion, S.C., ENTE, S.C. (Mexico)

2010-12-15

international system of certification of environmental sustainability. In particular, it is recommended: 1) To suggest to CONUEE the integration of additional variables to its database, 2) To conduct a national survey of commercial buildings, 3) To review information on commercial buildings located in Mexico by international organizations. Likewise, besides the support of the CONUEE, it would be useful to carry out an study jointly with the Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE), the Secretaria de Energia (SENER) and the Fideicomiso para el Ahorro de Energia Electrica (FIDE), in order to share and generate information for common analytical needs. Also, it is suggested to establish contact with chambers, associations and companies operating primarily in buildings such as schools, hospitals, hotels, department stores, supermarkets and restaurants. [Spanish] Esta investigacion tuvo como objetivo desarrollar una metodologia para la evaluacion de la sustentabilidad de los edificios en Mexico que pueda ser estandarizada y equiparable con el resto de Norteamerica. Con este proposito se revisaron y analizaron tres sistemas de evaluacion de edificaciones sustentables en Norteamerica: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), Living Building Challenge (LBC) y Energy Star for Buildings. Ademas, se incluyo en el analisis el sistema espanol Green Building Council Espana (GBCe) con el fin de tener un punto referencia distinto al norteamericano. Como resultado del analisis de los sistemas de evaluacion consultados se decidio utilizar Energy Star como sistema de referencia para el desarrollo de una metodologia propia por las siguientes razones: a) La metodologia de Energy Star permite la comparacion de consumos de energia, lo cual permitiria estimar emisiones de gas de efecto invernadero, b) Es el sistema que requiere de la descripcion mas sencilla del edificio (datos de area, de ocupacion y de demanda y consumo energeticos) y no requiere - a diferencia de los otros sistemas

Evaluation of environmental sustainability in the construction and management of buildings in Mexico; Evaluacion de la sustentabilidad ambiental en la construccion y administracion de edificios en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

De Buen Rodriguez, Odon [Energia, Tecnologia y Educacion, S.C., ENTE, S.C. (Mexico)

2010-12-15

fully international system of certification of environmental sustainability. In particular, it is recommended: 1) To suggest to CONUEE the integration of additional variables to its database, 2) To conduct a national survey of commercial buildings, 3) To review information on commercial buildings located in Mexico by international organizations. Likewise, besides the support of the CONUEE, it would be useful to carry out an study jointly with the Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE), the Secretaria de Energia (SENER) and the Fideicomiso para el Ahorro de Energia Electrica (FIDE), in order to share and generate information for common analytical needs. Also, it is suggested to establish contact with chambers, associations and companies operating primarily in buildings such as schools, hospitals, hotels, department stores, supermarkets and restaurants. [Spanish] Esta investigacion tuvo como objetivo desarrollar una metodologia para la evaluacion de la sustentabilidad de los edificios en Mexico que pueda ser estandarizada y equiparable con el resto de Norteamerica. Con este proposito se revisaron y analizaron tres sistemas de evaluacion de edificaciones sustentables en Norteamerica: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), Living Building Challenge (LBC) y Energy Star for Buildings. Ademas, se incluyo en el analisis el sistema espanol Green Building Council Espana (GBCe) con el fin de tener un punto referencia distinto al norteamericano. Como resultado del analisis de los sistemas de evaluacion consultados se decidio utilizar Energy Star como sistema de referencia para el desarrollo de una metodologia propia por las siguientes razones: a) La metodologia de Energy Star permite la comparacion de consumos de energia, lo cual permitiria estimar emisiones de gas de efecto invernadero, b) Es el sistema que requiere de la descripcion mas sencilla del edificio (datos de area, de ocupacion y de demanda y consumo energeticos) y no requiere - a diferencia de los otros

The use of the electric vehicle in the metropolitan area of Mexico city; Uso de vehiculos electricos en el area metropolitana de la ciudad de Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Robles, G. [Centro de Intrumentos, UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico); Sheinbaum, C. [Instituto de Ingenieria, UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1997-12-31

A study is performed on the impact that the introduction of the electric vehicle (EV) would have in the environmental pollution of the metropolitan area of Mexico City (MAMC) for different penetration scenarios of this technology and the costs of the electric vehicle is analyzed and compared with its counterpart, the gasoline vehicle. The associated emissions of a fleet formed of EV and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) were determined and the emissions reduction of the contaminants considered in the period 1995-2010 produced was analyzed. It was found that the introduction of EV could importantly reduce the carbon monoxide, methane and carbon dioxide and marginally the nitrogen oxides. It was determined that if the EV is massively produced its total cost for its entire useful life would be comparable to the cost of the ICEV. [Espanol] Se realiza un estudio sobre el impacto que tendria la introduccion de vehiculos electricos (VE) en la contaminacion ambiental del area metropolitana de la ciudad de Mexico (AMCM) para diferentes escenarios de penetracion de esta tecnologia y se analiza el costo de los vehiculos electricos en comparacion con su contraparte de gasolina. Se determinaron las emisiones asociadas a una flota compuesta de VE y vehiculos con motor de combustion interna (VMCI) y se analizo la reduccion que producia en las emisiones de los diferentes contaminantes considerados en el periodo 1995-2010. Se encontro que la introduccion de VE podria reducir de manera importante las emisiones de monoxido de carbono, metano y dioxido de carbono y marginalmente las de oxido de nitrogeno. Se determino que si los VE son producidos masivamente su costo total para toda su vida util seria comparable al correspondiente al de los VMCI.

The use of the electric vehicle in the metropolitan area of Mexico city; Uso de vehiculos electricos en el area metropolitana de la ciudad de Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Robles, G [Centro de Intrumentos, UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico); Sheinbaum, C [Instituto de Ingenieria, UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1998-12-31

A study is performed on the impact that the introduction of the electric vehicle (EV) would have in the environmental pollution of the metropolitan area of Mexico City (MAMC) for different penetration scenarios of this technology and the costs of the electric vehicle is analyzed and compared with its counterpart, the gasoline vehicle. The associated emissions of a fleet formed of EV and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) were determined and the emissions reduction of the contaminants considered in the period 1995-2010 produced was analyzed. It was found that the introduction of EV could importantly reduce the carbon monoxide, methane and carbon dioxide and marginally the nitrogen oxides. It was determined that if the EV is massively produced its total cost for its entire useful life would be comparable to the cost of the ICEV. [Espanol] Se realiza un estudio sobre el impacto que tendria la introduccion de vehiculos electricos (VE) en la contaminacion ambiental del area metropolitana de la ciudad de Mexico (AMCM) para diferentes escenarios de penetracion de esta tecnologia y se analiza el costo de los vehiculos electricos en comparacion con su contraparte de gasolina. Se determinaron las emisiones asociadas a una flota compuesta de VE y vehiculos con motor de combustion interna (VMCI) y se analizo la reduccion que producia en las emisiones de los diferentes contaminantes considerados en el periodo 1995-2010. Se encontro que la introduccion de VE podria reducir de manera importante las emisiones de monoxido de carbono, metano y dioxido de carbono y marginalmente las de oxido de nitrogeno. Se determino que si los VE son producidos masivamente su costo total para toda su vida util seria comparable al correspondiente al de los VMCI.

Status of the expansion of the CYGNUS array at Los Alamos

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berley, D.; Chang, C.Y.; Dingus, B.L.

1989-01-01

The CYGNUS air shower array, located in Los Alamos, New Mexico, has been operating since April, 1986. The expansion of the array from 108 to 200 counters is described along with the increase in muon detection area. The new array, to be fully operational by the end of 1989, will have three times the sensitivity to UHE sources. 5 refs., 2 figs

Summary of environmental surveillance at Los Alamos during 1994

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1996-03-01

Linking the Rio Grande Valley and the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico's Pajarito Plateau is home to a world-class scientific institution. Los Alamos National Laboratory (or the Laboratory), managed by the Regents of the University of California, is a government-owned, Department of Energy-supervised complex investigating all areas of modern science for the purposes of national defense, health, conservation, and ecology. This report briefly describes the environmental monitoring program for the Laboratory

Tendencias en el estudio del comportamiento electoral en México / Trends in Electoral Behavior Studies in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rubén Flores González

2017-03-01

Full Text Available El estudio del comportamiento electoral, en lo que se refiere a la manera en cómo los ciudadanos toman la decisión de por quién votar en una democracia, es un tema que adquiere relevancia en México a partir de las elecciones de 1988, derivado del surgimiento de fuerzas políticas que pueden competir electoralmente contra el partido hegemónico: el Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI. Debido a lo reciente de este acontecimiento, muchas de las investigaciones realizadas en el país sobre este campo de estudio corresponden a esfuerzos aislados y poco sistematizados. Por esta razón, el objetivo del presente trabajo es sistematizar, mediante una revisión documental, el conocimiento disponible en México sobre el comportamiento electoral de los votantes mexicanos. De esta revisión se concluye que los estudios electorales en México han buscado adaptar a la realidad del país los constructos y las teorías creadas y probadas en Estados Unidos. Esta adaptación ha resultado positiva la mayoría de las veces y hoy existen instituciones y asociaciones académicas que han consolidado este campo de estudio. / The study of electoral behavior regarding how citizens decide who to vote for in a democracy has become important in Mexico since the 1988 elections. That is because in that year, political forces emerged that were able to compete at the polls with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI, until then hegemonic. Since this is still very recent, many of the initial research projects in this field in Mexico have been isolated efforts that were not very systematic. For this reason, the aim of this article is to systematize the information available in Mexico about voter behavior through a review of the literature. This review concludes that electoral studies in Mexico have attempted to adapt to Mexico’s situation constructs and theories created and tested in the United States. This adaptation has been positive in most cases, and today

Climate change scenarios of extreme temperatures and atmospheric humidity for Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tejeda-Martinez, A. [Departamento de Ciencias Atmosfericas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz (Mexico)]. E-mail: atejeda@uv.mx; Conde-Alvarez, C. [Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico); Valencia-Treviso, L.E. [Departamento de Ciencias Atmosfericas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz (Mexico)

2008-10-15

The following study explores climatic change scenarios of extreme temperature and atmospheric humidity for the 2020 and 2050 decades. They were created for Mexico through the GFDLR30, ECHAM4 and HadCM2 general circulation models. Base scenario conditions were associated with the normal climatological conditions for the period 1961-1990, with a database of 50 surface observatories. It was necessary to empirically estimate the missing data in approximately half of the pressure measurements. For the period 1961-1990, statistical models of the monthly means of maximum and minimum temperatures and atmospheric humidity (relative and specific) were obtained from the observed data of temperature, solar radiation and precipitation. Based on the simulations of the GFDLR30, ECHAM4 and HADCM2 models, a future scenario of monthly means of maximum and minimum temperatures and humidity in climatic change conditions was created. The results shown are for the representative months of winter (January) and summer (July). [Spanish] En este articulo se presentan escenarios de cambio climatico referidos a temperaturas extremas y humedad atmosferica para las decadas de 2020 y 2050. Fueron generados para Mexico a partir de los modelos de circulacion general GFDLR30, ECHAM4 y HADCM2. El escenario base corresponde a las normales climatologicas del periodo 1961-1990 para 50 observatorios de superficie. Para la mitad de ellos fue necesario estimar empiricamente la presion atmosferica a partir de la altitud y para la totalidad se obtuvieron modelos estadisticos de los promedios mensuales de temperaturas maxima y minima asi como de humedad atmosferica (relativa y especifica). Esos modelos estadisticos, combinados con las salidas de los modelos de circulacion general mencionados, produjeron escenarios futuros de medias mensuales de temperaturas extremas y de humedad bajo condiciones de cambio climatico. Se mostraran los resultados para un mes representativo del invierno (enero) y otro del verano

Energy balance of the metropolitan zone of the valley of Mexico, methodology and the entailment energy-air quality; Balance de energia de la zona metropolitana del valle de Mexico metodologia y la vinculacion energia - calidad del aire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bazan Navarrete, Gerardo [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2001-07-01

The present document raises a methodology for the elaboration of the Energy Balance of the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico (ZMVM), in order to unify criteria and to facilitate the work of entities and investigators, mainly of those that require the entailment of energy and environment. The applied methodology, the consolidated format and the caloric unity facilitates the insertion of the Energy Balance of the ZMVM within the National Balance of Energy. The regional balances of energy have the intention of knowing the energy consumption patterns in the ZMVM and the indexes of energy intensity by sector. They establish the relationship of the indexes of energy intensity with the local and global air quality of the region, performing studies of incidence with the main polluting agents and with the greenhouse effect gases. [Spanish] El presente documento plantea una metodologia para la elaboracion del Balance de Energia de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de Mexico (ZMVM), con el proposito de unificar criterios y facilitar el trabajo de organismos e investigadores, sobre todo de aquellos que requieren vincular energia y medio ambiente. La metodologia aplicad, el formato consolidado y la unidad calorica facilitan la insercion del Balance de Energia de la ZMVM dentro del Balance Nacional de Energia. Los balances regionales de energia tienen el proposito de conocer los patrones de consumo de energia en la ZMVM y los indices de intensidad energetica por sector. Establecen la relacion de los indices de intensidad energetica con la calidad del aire local y global de la region, realizando estudios de incidencia con los principales contaminantes y con los gases de efecto invernadero.

Quality of previous diabetes care among patients receiving services at ophthalmology hospitals in Mexico Calidad de la atención previa de los pacientes diabéticos atendidos en hospitales de oftalmología en México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joel Rodríguez-Saldana

2010-12-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To survey a large sample of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM patients in Mexico City to determine if patient experience, access to basic services, treatment, and outcomes differed between those with social security coverage and those without. METHODS: From 2001-2007 a total of 1 000 individuals with T2DM were surveyed in outpatient clinics of the three largest public ophthalmology hospitals in Mexico City. Patients reported information about their health status and receipt of basic diabetes services, such as laboratory glycemic monitoring and diabetes education. Rates were compared between those with (n = 461 and without (n = 539 social security. RESULTS: Almost half of the patients (46% in these public facilities were social security patients that were unable to access other services and had to pay out-of-pocket for care. Half of respondents were originally identified as potentially diabetic based on symptom complaints (51%, including 11% with visual impairment. Most patients (87.9% reported that their glycemic level was being monitored exclusively via fasting blood glucose testing or random capillary blood glucose tests; only 5.3% reported ever having a glycated hemoglobin test. While nearly all respondents reported an individual physician encounter ever, only 39% reported ever receiving nutrition counseling and only 21% reported attending one or more sessions of diabetes education in their lifetime. Processes of care and outcomes were no different in patients with and those without social security coverage. CONCLUSIONS: In Mexico, the quality of diabetes care is poor. Despite receiving social security, many patients still have to pay out-of-pocket to access needed care. Without policy changes that address these barriers to comprehensive diabetes management, scientific achievements in diagnosis and pharmacotherapy will have limited impactOBJETIVO: Determinar si hay diferencias en cuanto a las experiencias de atención de la diabetes

Palacio de los Deportes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Candela Outeriño, F.

1968-11-01

Full Text Available This building was specially built for the Mexico Olympic Games, and was the site for the basketball competition. But during the design stage it was foreseen that it could be later adapted to various other uses, such as boxing matches, ice skating displays, theatre, circus, shows, etc. It has 19.834 seats for spectators. Its circular planform has a 180 m diameter, and there are three levels of organisation. — on the lower level there is accommodation for the competitors, the press and the organisers of the Olympic Competitions; — the main level houses the entrance halls, the stairs, and access to the lower and middle spectator stands; — the top level has the washrooms for the public, the special stands and access to the middle and top stands. The outstanding feature of this sports palace is its general structure, which from the outset was regarded as the dominant element of the design, and also defined its plastic and spatial quality.Este edificio, construido para los Juegos Olímpicos de México, fue destinado a los juegos de baloncesto, pero al proyectarlo se previó que posteriormente pudiera servir para múltiples usos: celebración de combates de boxeo, espectáculos sobre hielo, teatro, circo, etc. Tiene capacidad para 19.824 espectadores sentados. Su planta es circular, con un diámetro total de 180 m, y está organizada en tres niveles: — en el nivel inferior se alojan: los servicios para deportistas, prensa y organización del Certamen Olímpico; —el nivel principal alberga: los vestíbulos, escaleras y accesos a gradería baja y media; — y en el nivel superior se distribuyen: los servicios para público, palcos y accesos a gradería media y alta. En este Palacio de los Deportes destaca su estructura general que fue considerada, desde la fase del proyecto, como el elemento dominante de la composición, y el determinante de su sentido plástico y espacial.

El discurso cienti??fico en la investigacio??n educativa en Latinoame??rica: el caso de Me??xico

OpenAIRE

Castellanos Quintero, Sara Julia

2011-01-01

En este arti??culo se presenta el estado del arte del ana??lisis del discurso cienti??fico en la investigacio??n educativa en Me??xico, particularmente en el disen??o y desarrollo del curri??culo. La investigacio??n en el a??rea del curri??culo universitario comenzo?? en Me??xico en los an??os 80. El discurso estaba orientado hacia la bu??squeda de modelos y me??todos de ensen??anza y evaluacio??n, la implementacio??n del practicum y la correspondencia entre la formacio??n profesional y el em...

Energy saving programs and renewable energies in Chihuahua, Mexico; Programas de ahorro de energia y energias renovables en Chihuahua, Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ibarra Noris, Jose Luis [Gobierno del Estado de Chihuahua (Mexico)

2005-07-01

The high index of economic and technological growth registered in the border zone of northern Mexico in the last years, has simultaneously caused an annual growth in the electrical energy demand in a percentage higher than 6%. In this document are included the economic and environmental impacts caused by the projects developed in the Chihuahua State on energy efficiency and on the available potential of renewable energies. In order to evaluate the environmental impact that is caused when saving electrical energy in the diverse projects in process, the emission of CO{sub 2} is the only emission taken into account (even though also emissions of SO{sub 2}, NO{sub 2} and Hg exist) for being this polluting agent the one that contributes in greater amount to the global warming and the greenhouse effect. The emission index of CO{sub 2} that we considered in this presentation is of 600 kg/mwh, on the basis of the type of fuel and volume of generation of the plants in operation of the Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) in the Chihuahua State. [Spanish] El alto indice de crecimiento economico y tecnologico registrado en la zona fronteriza del norte de Mexico en los ultimos anos, ha ocasionado paralelamente un crecimiento en la demanda de energia electrica superior al 6% anual. En este documento se incluyen los impactos economicos y ambientales de los proyectos que se desarrollan en el estado de Chihuahua en eficiencia energetica y en el potencial que se tiene de energias renovables. Para evaluar el impacto ambiental que se obtiene al ahorrar energia electrica en los diversos proyectos en proceso, se toma en cuenta unicamente emisiones de CO{sub 2} (aun cuando tambien existen emisiones de SO{sub 2}, NO{sub 2} y Hg) por ser este el contaminante que en mayor cantidad afecta al calentamiento global y al efecto invernadero. El indice de emisiones de CO{sub 2} que consideramos en esta presentacion es de 600 kg/mwh, en base al tipo de combustible y volumen de generacion de las

Texas-Mexico multimodal transportation: developments in Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Boske, Leigh B.

1994-03-01

This presentation highlights the results of a recently completed study that examines the Texas- Mexico multimodal transport system already in place, current plans for improvements or expansion, and opportunities and constraints faced by each transport mode -- motor carriage, rail, maritime, and air. Particular emphasis is given to findings regarding transportation developments in Mexico. The study concludes that in Mexico, all modes are working at establishing new services and strategic alliances, intermodal arrangements are on the rise, and private-sector participation in infrastructure improvements is growing daily at Mexican seaports and airports as well as within that nation's highway and rail systems. This presentation looks at developments that concern privatization, deregulation, infrastructure improvements, financing arrangements, and new services in Mexico.

September 1985 Mexico City, Mexico Images

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The magnitude 8.1 earthquake occurred off the Pacific coast of Mexico. The damage was concentrated in a 25 square km area of Mexico City, 350 km from the epicenter....

THE SOILS OF MEXICO Reseña realizada por Noé Manuel Montaño

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Noé Manuel Montaño

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Los Suelos de México (The soils of Mexico es un libro muy completo, actualizado y sin duda será elemental en la investigación y en los cursos de suelo en México. Así, se recomienda de consulta obligada para especialistas y estudiantes de pre- y posgrado en edafología, agronomía, biología, geología, ecología, geografía y áreas afines. El libro contiene ocho capítulos muy bien desarrollados, concretos y científicamente sustentados.

Spatial analysis of noise emission at the Los Azufres geothermal field, Mich.; Analisis espacial de emision de ruido en el campo geotermico de Los Azufres, Mich.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Camarena Magana, Emilio; Ordaz Mendez, Christian A. [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Residencia de Los Azufres, Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico)]. E-mail: emilio.camarena@cfe.gob.mx

2010-01-15

To verify noise emissions from the usual activities in an operating geothermal field, noise measurements were carried out in a 4.2 km{sup 2} area in the southern zone of the Los Azufres, Mich., geothermal field. There are seven production wells operating here and three abandoned wells. The average noise emission in the southern zone was 36.5 decibels (dB), regarded as the natural reading of environmental-noise emission. In the Christmas (valves) tree for operating production wells, the noise ranges from 70.9 to 91.7 dB, while in open discharging valves for steam-pipes, the noise can reach 118 dB. In Mexico the maximum permissible limit of noise on the periphery of a property is 68 dB in daytime and 65 dB at night. Based on measurements made at the periphery of lots where the geothermal wells are located, four out of seven production wells measured do not exceed the maximum allowable level, while the other three seem to exceed it. However no definite limits exist for the lots. It is recommended that the measurement points as indicated by the official standard in environmental matters be re-established, which will enable noise emissions by several wells that have exceeded the permissible limit, to actually fall within it. [Spanish] Se realizaron mediciones sonicas en un area de 4.2 km{sup 2} localizada en la zona sur del campo geotermico de Los Azufres, Mich., a fin de verificar la emision de ruido asociada a las actividades usuales en un campo geotermico en operacion. En esta area se encuentran siete pozos productores en operacion y tres pozos abandonados. La emision promedio de ruido en estos ultimos fue de 36.5 decibeles (dB), considerandose como la condicion natural de emision de ruido ambiental. En el arbol de valvulas de los pozos productores en operacion el ruido va de los 70.9 a los 91.7 dB, mientras que en valvulas abiertas de descarga de vaporductos la emision puede llegar hasta los 118 dB. En Mexico el limite maximo permisible de ruido en la periferia de

San Juanico, BCS, Mexico, hybrid electric plant renewable energies in the rural communities development; Planta electrica hibrida San Juanico, B.C.S., Mexico, las energias renovables en el desarrollo de las comunidades rurales

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopez Rios, Serafin [Gerencia de Proyectos Geotermoelectricos, Comision Federal de Electricidad (Mexico)

1999-08-01

The hybrid electric plant of San Juanico, B.C.S., Mexico, is described in terms of its environmental goals, operating process and contribution to the development of that rural community of the Baja California Peninsula. San Juanico hybrid electric plant is organized in three electrical generation systems that work in parallel: one uses solar energy, another wind energy and a third one uses diesel fuel. [Spanish] Se describe la planta hibrida de San Juanico, BCS, Mexico, en terminos de los objetivos ambientales que condujeron a su realizacion, asi como de su proceso operativo y de la participacion que tiene en el desarrollo de esa comunidad rural de la peninsula de Baja California, Mexico. La planta hibrida de San Juanico esta constituida por tres sistemas de generacion de electrcicidad que operan en paralelo: uno utiliza energia radiante del sol, otro energia del viento y un tercero utiliza diesel.

International Uranium Resources Evaluation Project (IUREP) national favourability studies: Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1977-07-01

Reserves of uranium are located in the north eastern part of Mexico, primarily in the states of Tamaulipas and Chihuahua. Most of the remainder of Mexico's reserves are near the Tamaulipas-Neuvo Leon state border in the Tertiary Frio Formation, where they apparently occur in the types of uranium deposits found in Texas, U.S.A. There are two deposits, La Coma and Buenavista, but nothing has been published on dimensions of the ore bodies. Forty-five miles northeast of Hermosillo, in Sonora state is the Los Amoles district where uranium is found associated with gold and other metals in low-grade deposits on the margins of a Cretaceous batholith. Another occurrence is reported in the mining district of Placer de Guadelupe and Puerto del Aire, about 40-50 km northeast of Chihuahua City, in the state of Chihuahua. Reserves of U 3 O 8 which were published in January 1977 by Nuclear Exchange Corporation of Menlo Park, California, are listed. The government of Mexico has not estimated potential resources. It should be noted that much of Mexico appears favourable for uranium, and only 10 percent has been explored. According to NUEXCO (1977), efforts to find uranium are being increased in an attempt to supply Mexico's nuclear reactor requirements through 1990. Activity is reported to be centered in Tamaulipas and Chihuahua states and to a lesser extent in Nueva Leon, Sonora, Coahuila, and Baja California. Major effort will continue to be placed in Chihuahua state to supply the Penna Bianca mill. Correspondence between favorable geological settings for uranium and the geologic regions of Mexico is reported. Mexico is a country with considerable areas that appear promising for discovery of sandstone, vein, and tuff-related deposits. On the other hand, its potential for Precambrian conglomerate and unconformity-related deposits is limited. Considering these geologic factors, as well as the relatively limited amount of exploration done to date, a guesstimate of speculative

Chemical and isotopic variations of precipitation in the Los Alamos Region, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adams, A.I.; Goff, F.; Counce, D.

1995-02-01

Precipitation collectors were installed at 14 locations on the Pajarito Plateau and surrounding areas to study variations in chemistry, stable isotopes and tritium for the years 1990 to 1993. The volume of precipitation was measured and samples were collected and analyzed every three to four months. All precipitation samples contain 18 O) results record seasonal variations in precipitation as the weather patterns shift from sources in the Pacific Ocean to sources in the Gulf of Mexico. The stable isotope results also show isotopic variations due to elevation differences among the collection points. The tritium contents ( 3 H) in rain samples vary from 6.54 T.U. to 141 T.U. Contouring of high tritium values (e.g. >20 T.U.) from each collection period clearly shows that Laboratory activities release some tritium to the atmosphere. The effect of these releases are well below the limits set by the Environmental Protection Agency for drinking water (about 6200 T.U.). The magnitude of the releases is apparently greatest during the summer months. However, anomalous tritium values are detected as far north as Espahola, New Mexico for many collection periods. Tritium releases by the Laboratory are not constant; thus, the actual amount of tritium in each release has been diluted in the composite samples of our three to four month collection periods

Demand curves of electric energy in domestic sector in two regions of Mexico; Curvas de demanda de energia electrica en sector domestico de dos regiones de Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maqueda Zamora, Martin Roberto; Sanchez Viveros, Luis Agustin [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)

2011-07-01

In this work, is presented the analysis of residential consumption, regarding the temperature of two areas and types of electrical appliances. A shape characteristic of the load of the electrical energy is obtained for two geographical areas in Mexico. The consumption information was obtained from measurements in residential consumers and from the Mexican Utility. It is also shown the demand profile of the main residential appliances, obtained from smart metering equipment to separate the residential users' load profiles. It is shown the effect of the different variables analyzed on the electrical power consumption, mainly the type of equipment, the geographical localization, the weather (temperature, humidity and vegetation type). With the results attained, the definition of effective energy-saving programs and its effectiveness can be obtained. [Spanish] En este trabajo se presenta el analisis del consumo residencial considerando la temperatura de las dos areas y tipos de aparatos electricos. Se obtiene una forma caracteristica de la carga de energia electrica de dos areas geograficas de Mexico. La informacion sobre el consumo se obtuvo de mediciones en consumidores residenciales y de una empresa electrica mexicana. Tambien se muestra el perfil de demanda de los principales aparatos residenciales, derivado de equipos de medicion inteligentes para separar los perfiles de carga de usuarios residenciales. Se muestra el efecto de diferentes variables analizadas en el consumo de energia electrica, principalmente el tipo de equipo, la localizacion geografica, el clima (temperatura, humedad y tipo de vegetacion). Con los resultados alcanzados pueden definirse programas de ahorro de energia efectivos y lograr implantarlos.

Technological development for the synthesis of Captan and Folpet in Mexico; Desarrollo tecnologico para la sintesis de Captan y Folpet en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haro C, Jorge A [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico); Romero M, Artemisa; James M, Guillermo [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico); Santos de Flores, Elvira [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

1995-02-01

A technological development is presented for the production of Captan (3a, 4, 7, 7a-tetrahydro-2-[(tri-chlo-romethyl) thio]-1 H-isoindol-1, 3 (2H)-dione) and Folpet (2-(Trichloromethyl)- thio- 1 H-isoindol-1, 3-(2H)-dione), protectan fungicides for stored cereals, starting front national raw materials made in Mexico. These compounds are used for the grain protection stored in warehouse, that count the advantage of being degradables and little toxic. [Spanish] En este trabajo presentamos la adaptacion de la tecnologia a nivel laboratorio, para la sintesis de los fungicidas Captan (3a, 4, 7, 7a- te-trahidro-2-[(triclorometril) tio]-1H-iso-indol-1, 3 (2H)-diona) y Folpet (2-(tricloro-metil)-tio-1 H-isoindol-1, 3- (2H)- diona) a partir de materias primas fabricadas en Mexico. Estos compuestos son empleados para la proteccion de granos almacenados en bodega, que cuentan con la ventaja de ser degradables y poco toxicos.

Recommendations of technical specifications for ethanol and its blends (E6) and the infrastructure for their management in Mexico; Recomendaciones de especificaciones tecnicas para el etanol y sus mezclas (E6) y la infraestructura para su manejo en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2011-07-15

next few years in Mexico. [Spanish] Este documento describe la importancia y los beneficios del uso de la mezcla bioetanol-gasolina como sustituto de la gasolina pura. Presenta datos del mercado mundial de etanol, asi como de los principales productores, procesos involucrados para diferentes materias primas e indicadores de productividad. Discute las principales propiedades a ser monitoreadas en el etanol y la importancia de cada una. Tambien revisa el impacto de la adicion de etanol en las gasolinas automotrices y la influencian de cada propiedad en el funcionamiento de los automoviles y el medio ambiente. Presenta un diagnostico de las especificaciones internacionales del etanol anhidro usadas en los Estados Unidos, Brasil y la Union Europea, asi como sugerencias de armonizacion para los limites de los principales parametros y para las metodologias, a partir de estudios publicados recientemente (White Paper- Bioetahnol Task Force y Guidelines to Ethanol from Worldwide Fuel Charter Committee). Incluye la especificacion de las gasolinas brasilenas, adicionadas con un 25% de etanol (E25). Sugiere una especificacion de etanol anhidro, asi como una especificacion para mezclas gasolina/etanol E6 para su implementacion en Mexico. Presenta una priorizacion de los metodos de prueba de laboratorio para el etanol y la gasolina mezclada con etanol en tres categorias, indicando las pruebas mas adecuadas para ser usados en diferentes puntos de la cadena de distribucion de los productos. Discute el impacto del etanol en las instalaciones de distribucion de los combustibles, acciones para el control de posibles problemas, seleccion de materiales y equipamiento, presenta procedimientos de seguridad y el proceso de mezcla gasolina/etanol. Describe tambien el sistema brasileno de produccion/distribucion de combustibles y la experiencia de este pais en el control de calidad de los combustibles a partir de la legislacion vigente. Se incluye un cuadro con los principales equipos, sus

Tuberculosis transmission across the United States-Mexico border Transmisión transfronteriza de la tuberculosis entre México y los Estados Unidos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joseph Robert Fitchett

2011-01-01

Full Text Available In this era of increasing drug resistance among infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (TB, the complex population dynamics of border areas must be monitored more extensively. TB remains a major public health threat; its antimicrobial treatment is long; and the only vaccine licensed in the world, live-attenuated Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG, exhibits varying efficacy. In addition to epidemiological surveillance, the underlying determinants contributing to the health and wellbeing of populations are of key importance. Although it received heightened attention in the past, tuberculosis transmission in the United States-Mexico border area demands renewed interest. Lessons learned should be applied to similar areas around the globe.En esta época en la que cada vez es mayor la farmacorresistencia de enfermedades infecciosas como la tuberculosis, es preciso vigilar más ampliamente la compleja dinámica de la población de las zonas fronterizas. La tuberculosis sigue siendo un problema muy importante de salud pública, el tratamiento antimicrobiano es prolongado y la vacuna BCG (Bacilo de Calmette-Guérin -la única autorizada en el mundo, elaborada con bacilos atenuados de Mycobacterium bovis- tiene eficacia variable. Además de la vigilancia epidemiológica, revisten suma importancia los determinantes fundamentales que inciden en la salud y el bienestar de las poblaciones. Si bien la transmisión transfronteriza de la tuberculosis entre México y los Estados Unidos recibió gran atención en el pasado, la situación actual exige renovar el interés por este tema. Es necesario aplicar las lecciones aprendidas en zonas similares del resto del mundo.

Response to exploitation (1982-2002) of the Los Azufres, Michoacan (Mexico) geothermal field. Part II: South Zone; Respuesta a la explotacion (1982-2003) del yacimiento geotermico de Los Azufres, Michoacan (Mexico). Parte II: Zona Sur

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arellano G, Victor Manuel [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos, (Mexico); Torres R, Marco Antonio [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico); Barragan R, Rosa Maria [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos, (Mexico); Sandoval M, Fernando [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico)

2005-06-01

The paper describes the thermodynamic evolution of fluids in the Los Azufres geothermal field's southern zone reservoir, as a response to exploitation from 1982 to 2002. Thermodynamic conditions for the reservoir fluids were estimated with production data using the WELFLO heat-and-flow well simulator. In the southern zone, initial fluid thermodynamic conditions indicated that compressed liquid, two-phase fluids and vapor occurred in the reservoir, depending on the well depths. The fist response to exploitation consisted in a pressure drop an enthalpy increase. For the long term, the following patterns have been identified: pressure and mass flow-rate drop, boiling, cooling, vapor production and in some wells affected by injection an increase in both pressure and mass flow rate. The isotopic results of well fluids in the southern zone showed the occurrence of two processes. The first, with a positive slope, indicates a mixing of reservoir and injection fluids and mainly affects wells Az-2, Az-16, Az-33, Az-36 and Az-46. The second, with a negative slope, results from the original processes of reservoir steam separation and partial condensation. [Spanish] En este trabajo se presenta un estudio sobre la evolucion termodinamica de los fluidos de la zona sur del yacimiento de Los Azufres, como respuesta a la extraccion e inyeccion de fluidos, desde el inicio de su explotacion en 1982 hasta el ano 2002. Las condiciones termodinamicas de los fluidos del yacimiento se estimaron mediante el simulador de flujo de fluidos y calor en pozos WELFLO, a partir de datos de produccion. Las condiciones termodinamicas iniciales de los fluidos de la zona sur, indicaron la existencia de liquido comprimido, dos fases con liquido dominante y dos fases con vapor dominante, dependiendo de la profundidad de los pozos. La respuesta inicial de la zona sur a la explotacion consistio en una disminucion de la presion y un aumento en la entalpia mientras que a mas largo plazo se han observado

Estimated effective dose rates from radon exposure in workplaces and residences within Los Alamos county in New Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Whicker, Jeffrey J [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Mcnaughton, Michael [Los Alamos National Laboratory

2009-01-01

Many millions of office workers are exposed to radon while at work and at home. Though there has been a multitude of studies reporting the measurements of radon concentrations and potential lung and effective doses associated with radon and progeny exposure in homes, similar studies on the concentrations and subsequent effective dose rates in the workplace are lacking. The purposes of this study were to measure radon concentrations in office and residential spaces in the same county and explore the radiation dose implications. Sixty-five track-etch detectors were deployed in office spaces and 47 were deployed in residences, all within Los Alamos County, New Mexico, USA. The sampling periods for these measurements were generally about three months. The measured concentrations were then used to calculate and compare effective dose rates resulting from exposure while at work and at home. Results showed that full-time office workers receive on average about nine times greater exposure at home than while in the office (691 mrem yr{sup -1} versus 78 mrem yr{sup -1}). The estimated effective dose rate for a more homebound person was 896 mrem yr{sup -1}. These effective dose rates are contrasted against the 100 mrem yr{sup -1} threshold for regulation of a 'radiological worker' defined in the Department of Energy regulations occupational exposure and the 10 mrem yr{sup -1} air pathway effective public dose limit regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency.

The distributed generation in Mexico: Which are the new perspectives associated to the institutional reforms of the electrical sector?; La generacion distribuida en Mexico: Cuales son las nuevas perspectivas asociadas a las reformas institucionales del sector electrico?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Islas Samperio, Jorge [Centro de Investigacion en Energia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico); Menanteau, Philippe [Departamento de Economia y Politica de la Energia, Universidad Pierre Mendes France (France)

2004-06-15

Historically, the electrical systems were constituted from local networks of small scale that were added together progressively to benefit from the effects of a more abundant demand and of the economies of scale in generation, that authorize the large interconnected systems. This logic at the moment seems to show certain limits, the factors that influence these technologies can vary greatly from one country to another, but nevertheless it is found in different degrees certain constants such as the search for a greater reliability in the electrical supply, the putting into work prevention policies of climatic change or the reforms of the electrical sector. In this work the influence of these factors was examined insisting particularly on the consequences of the opening of the electrical sector, departing from an analysis of the international experience in a first time and later examining the case of Mexico in the context of the present energy situation and the debate of the energy reform. The distributed generation: a new vector of technological opportunities in the electrical sector, the barriers for the diffusion of the distributed generation: the lessons of the international experience, the institutional problematic of the distributed generation within the effective legal framework of Mexico. [Spanish] Historicamente, los sistemas electricos se constituyeron a partir de redes locales de pequena escala que se fueron agregando progresivamente para beneficiarse de los efectos de una demanda mas abundante y de las economias de escala en generacion que autorizan los grandes sistemas interconectados. Esta logica parece actualmente mostrar ciertos limites, los factores que influyen sobre estas tecnologias pueden variar grandemente de un pais al otro, pero se encuentra, sin embargo, a grados diferentes ciertas constantes tales como la busqueda de una confiabilidad mas grande en el aprovisionamiento electrico, la puesta en obra de politicas de prevencion de cambio

Los Alamos National Laboratory TRU waste sampling projects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yeamans, D.; Rogers, P.; Mroz, E.

1997-01-01

The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has begun characterizing transuranic (TRU) waste in order to comply with New Mexico regulations, and to prepare the waste for shipment and disposal at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), near Carlsbad, New Mexico. Sampling consists of removing some head space gas from each drum, removing a core from a few drums of each homogeneous waste stream, and visually characterizing a few drums from each heterogeneous waste stream. The gases are analyzed by GC/MS, and the cores are analyzed for VOC's and SVOC's by GC/MS and for metals by AA or AE spectroscopy. The sampling and examination projects are conducted in accordance with the ''DOE TRU Waste Quality Assurance Program Plan'' (QAPP) and the ''LANL TRU Waste Quality Assurance Project Plan,'' (QAPjP), guaranteeing that the data meet the needs of both the Carlsbad Area Office (CAO) of DOE and the ''WIPP Waste Acceptance Criteria, Rev. 5,'' (WAC)

Transborder Library Forum [Proceedings] = Memorias del Foro Binacional de Bibliotecas (2nd, Hermosillo, Mexico, March 20-21, 1992).

Science.gov (United States)

1992

At the second Transborder Library Forum, 181 participants from the United States and Mexico gathered to discuss topics of international librarianship. The proceedings include the following sections: Discurso de Bienvenida (Welcome Speech) (Carlos Salas); "El Etnocentrismo Mexicano y Los Servicios de Informacion" (Mexican Ethnocentrism…

Geothermal potential in Mexico; Potencial geotermico de la republica mexicana

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ordaz Mendez, Christian Arturo; Flores Armenta, Magaly; Ramirez Silva, German [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Gerencia de Proyectos Geotermoelectricos, Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico)]. E-mail: christian.ordaz@cfe.gob.mx

2011-01-15

Globally, Mexico is the fourth largest generator of geothermal electricity with an installed capacity of 958 MWe. The Gerencia de Proyectos Geotermoelectricos (GPG, Geothermal-electric division of the Federal Commision for Electricity -CFE) is responsible for using geothermal resources. The GPG calculated the country's geothermal potential as part of CFE's strategy to increase power generation through non-conventional sources. The calculation departed from the GPG's national inventory of thermal manifestations, which is composed of 1380 manifestations scattered throughout the country. At each, surface temperatures were measured and subsurface temperatures estimated by geo-thermometers. The calculation of the geothermal potential was based on the classifying these manifestations by geo-thermometric temperature ranges, providing for high, medium and low enthalpy resources. The volumetric method was used to obtain the national geothermal potential. The results indicate that the Potential Reserves of high-enthalpy resources amounts to 5691 MWe; of moderate-enthalpy resources, 881 MWe; and of low-enthalpy resources, 849 MWe -a total of 7422 MWe. Moreover, the Probable Reserves for high-enthalpy resources amounts to 1643 MWe; of moderate-enthalpy resources, 220 MWe; and of low-enthalpy resources, 212 MWe -a total of 2077 MWe. Finally the Proved Reserves were considered, defined as the additional capacity able to be installed in each known geothermal field, for a total of 186 MWe. All the information was processed and integrated using the Geographic Information System (GIS) ArcGis 9.2 (copyright), resulting in the CFE's intranet publication of the Geothermal Potential Map of Mexico. [Spanish] A nivel mundial, Mexico ocupa el cuarto lugar como generador de electricidad por medio de la energia geotermica con una capacidad instalada de 958 MWe. La Gerencia de Proyectos Geotermoelectricos (GPG) es la responsable del aprovechamiento de estos recursos y como

1996 Central New Mexico Section [American Chemical Society] annual report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cournoyer, M.E. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States). Chemistry Science and Technology Div.

1997-02-07

The main goal of the Central New Mexico Section this year was to increase attendance at the local meetings. Throughout the course of the year attendance at the meeting more than doubled. This was brought on by several factors: having the meeting spread throughout the section (Albuquerque, Santa Fe, Las Vegas, Socorro, Los Alamos); supplementing the ACS National Tour speakers with interesting local sections speakers; and making full use of the newly formed Public Relations Committee. Activities during 1996 are summarized.

Spinitectus mexicanus n. sp. (Nematoda : Cystidicolidae) from the intestine of the freshwater fish Heterandria bimaculata in Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Caspeta-Mandujano, J M; Moravec, F; Salgado-Maldonado, G

2000-02-01

A new nematode, Spinitectus mexicanus n. sp., is described on the basis of the specimens recovered from the intestine of Heterandria bimaculata (Heckel) (Poeciliidae, Cyprinodontiformes) from 3 rivers of the Papaloapan River basin (type locality La Basura River), Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz State, Mexico. It differs from its congeners mainly in having the spination of the cuticle separated into 4 longitudinal sectors, each with posteriorly diminishing numbers of larger spines at the anterior part of body. It is the first species of Spinitectus described from a poeciliid fish and the second reported from freshwater fishes in Mexico.

Powering Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1992-01-01

This article examines Mexico's demand for electricity and the market for independent power generation. The topics discussed in the article include the outlook for the 1990s for growth in Mexico's economy and energy demand, renewable energy, energy conservation, small-scale, off-grid renewable energy systems, and estimates of Mexico's market for electric power generating equipment

Volatile aromatic compounds in Mexico City atmosphere: levels and source apportionment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mugica, V. [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana - Unidad Azcapotzalco, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico); Ruiz, M.E. [Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico); Watson, J.; Chow, J. [Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada (United States)

2003-01-01

Samples of ambient air were simultaneously collected at three different sites of Mexico City in March of 1997 in order to quantify the most abundant volatile aromatic compounds and estimate the source contributions by application of the chemical mass balance model (CMB). Volatile aromatic compounds were around 20% of the total of non-methane hydrocarbons present in morning air samples. The most abundant volatile aromatic species in urban air were toluene and xylenes followed by 1, 2, 4 trimethylbenzene, benzene, ethylbenzene, metaethyltoluene, 1, 3, 5 trimethylbenzene, styrene, n propylbenzene, and isopropylbenzene. Sampling campaigns were carried out at crossroads, a bus station, a parking place, and areas where solvents and petroleum distillates are used, with the objective of determining people's exposure to volatile aromatic compounds. The CMB was applied for estimating the contribution of different sources to the presence of each one of the most abundant aromatic compounds. Motor vehicle exhaust was the main source of all aromatic compounds, especially gasoline exhaust, although diesel exhausts and asphalt operations also accounted for toluene, xylenes, ethylbenzene, propylbenzenes, and styrene. Graphic arts and paint applications had an important impact on the presence of toluene. [Spanish] Se colectaron simultaneamente muestras de aire ambiente en tres sitios de la Ciudad de Mexico durante el mes de marzo de 1997 con el fin de conocer las concentraciones y el origen de compuestos aromaticos utilizando el modelo de balance de masa de especies quimicas (CMB). Los compuestos aromaticos volatiles representaron alrededor del 20% del total de hidrocarburos no metalicos presentes en las muestras matutinas colectadas. Las especies aromaticas volatiles mas abundantes en el ambiente fueron el tolueno y los xilenos, seguidos por 1, 2, 4 trimetilbenceno, benceno, etilbenceno, metaetiltolueno, nporpilbenceno, isopropilbenceno, 1, 3, 5 trimetilbenceno y estireno. Se

Los médicos en formación y el aborto: opinión de estudiantes de medicina en la Ciudad de México Abortion and physicians in training: the opinion of medical students in Mexico City

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Deyanira González de León Aguirre

1997-04-01

Full Text Available La investigación "Atención del aborto en México: una aproximación a las actitudes de los médicos" busca explorar las posturas de estos profesionales hacia el aborto inducido. La penalización del aborto es determinante en su importancia como problema social y sanitario, y los médicos constituyen un sector profesional que tendrá gran peso en la eventual modificación de las leyes que lo regulan; como gremio, éstos han mantenido una posición conservadora frente al aborto, la cual está en buena medida influida por la formación que reciben. Se presentan resultados de una encuesta aplicada a 96 alumnos de medicina de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, en la Ciudad de México. Los datos se procesaron con el programa SPSS; las frecuencias simples obtenidas muestran que los estudiantes tienen un conocimiento escaso sobre la situación jurídica del aborto, y que éste es admitido con restricciones. Las mujeres parecen tener una postura más conservadora, pero el análisis estadístico con la prueba de ji² no revelo diferencias significativas por sexo. Los resultados indican la necesidad de modificar la formación de los médicos en el campo de la salud reproductiva, para propiciar en ellos una visión más amplia sobre los problemas vinculados con la sexualidad y la reproducción.This research project explores doctors' views regarding induced abortion. Abortion's penalization in Mexico greatly conditions its relevance as a social and public health problem. Physicians constitute a professional sector that can play an important role in reforming current laws on abortion. As a professional group, they have taken a conservative stance towards abortion. Their attitudes are to a great extent influenced by the medical training they receive. In this article we present results from a survey of 96 medical students from the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, in Mexico City. Data were processed with the SPSS program. Simple

El Impacto de los Procedos de Producción en el Rendimiento de la PYME Manufacturera de México: un Estudio Empírico (The impact of manufacturing processes on the performance of manufacturing SME´S in Mexico: an empirical study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María del Carmen Martínez Serna

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Los inicios del nuevo siglo se caracterizan por un alto desarrollo de la maquinaria y equipo, así como por la innovación y la tecnología, lo que ha transformado los medios de manufactura tradicionales en sistemas de manufactura flexibles, con la finalidad de mantener o adquirir una ventaja competitiva. En este sentido, este estudio analiza los resultados de una encuesta aplicada a 125 Pymes manufactureras de Aguascalientes (México para conocer los efectos que ejercen los procesos de producción en el rendimiento de las Pymes. La literatura analizada identifica tres actividades o factores básicos con los que se pueden medir los procesos de producción: automatización del proceso, confiabilidad del proceso y control administrativo. Así, los resultados obtenidos muestran que tanto el proceso de automatización como la confiabilidad del proceso y el control administrativo afectan positivamente el rendimiento de las Pymes.   ABSTRACT The beginning of the 21st. century is marked by an outstanding development of machinery and equipment, innovation, and technology that transforms traditional manufacturing methods into flexible manufacturing systems, aiming at acquiring or maintaining a competitive advantage. This work analyzes results of a survey practiced on 125 manufacturing SME´s from Aguascalientes (Mexico, aiming to understand the effect of production processes in SME performance. The literature researched identifies three basic activities or factors used to measure productive processes: process automation, process reliability and managerial control. The result shows that process automation, as well as process reliability and managerial control, positively affect SME performance.

Twelve years of continuous measurements of atmospheric electrical activity in Mexico's Tropical highland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Troncoso Lozada, O. [Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2004-04-01

Atmospheric electric activity measurements have been recorded continuously by a punctual lightning system at a tropical highland observatory from 1988 onwards, and were analyzed to obtain lightning statistical confident results for thunderstorms occurrence on the leeward side of the southern mountain ridge of Mexico's Valley. Shown, as examples, are individual profiles of the atmospheric electrical activity, associated with severe storms. The results make clear that the fastest possible sequence of electrical measurements is required to obtain significant and applications oriented data in connection with a whole series of thunderstorms taking into account the mean time variation of the atmospheric electricity measurements at an altitude of 2270 m a.s.l. The seasonal variation indicates that the lightning flash peak currents were found to be larger in summer with less than 10% occurring in the autumn and winter. With rainfall data from a network of 66 stations, we obtained a significant correlation with the lightning frequency. Special attention was undertaken concerning the question of the atmospheric electrical activity and climate at Valley of Mexico. [Spanish] Se midieron ininterrumpidamente las variaciones de la actividad electrica en la atmosfera, de enero de 1988 a diciembre de 1999, en un observatorio de altura (2,250 m s.n.m.), y se analizaron para obtener resultados estadisticos confiables con relacion a la ocurrencia de tormentas en la region sur del Valle de Mexico. Como ejemplos, se muestran los perfiles individuales de la actividad electrica atmosferica asociada con tormentas severas. Los resultados dejan claro que se requiere de la secuencia de medidas electricas lo mas rapida posible para obtener datos significativos y aplicables en relacion con una serie completa de tormentas, considerando la media del tiempo de variacion de las mediciones de la actividad electrica atmosferica a una altitud de 2,270 m s.n.m. La validacion estacional indica que

La documentación del archivo secreto Vaticano (Fondo congr. Concilio, Concilia sobre los concilios provinciales en Latinoamérica (s. XIX

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martínez Ferrer, Luis

2001-12-01

Full Text Available The article informs on the documents that there are in the Vatican Archives about American provincial councils celebrates in XX century. The A. mentions documentation on the following ecclesiastical councils: Province of Quito (1863, 1869, 1873, 1885; province of Nueva Granada or Colombia (1868, 1873-1874; Mexico, of the provinces of Antequera (1892-1893, Mexico (1896, Durango (1896, Guadalajara (1896-1897, Michoacán (1897; Bolivia, of the province of Charcas (1889.

Se recoge información sobre los fondos que hay en los Archivos Vaticanos acerca de concilios provinciales en el siglo XX. El A. menciona documentación sobre los siguientes concilios: Quito (1863, 1869, 1873, 1885; Nueva Granada o Colombia (1868, 1873-1874; México, de las provincias de Antequera (1892-1893, México (1896, Durango (1896, Guadalajara (1896-1897, Michoacán (1897; Bolivia, de la provincia de Charcas (1889.

Seismic monitoring at the geothermal zone of Acoculco, Pue., Mexico; Monitoreo sismico en la zona geotermica de Acoculco, Pue., Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lermo, Javier; Antayhua, Yanet; Bernal, Isabel [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Instituto de Ingenieria Mexico, D.F. (Mexico); Venegas, Saul; Arredondo, Jesus [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Gerencia de Proyectos Geotermoelectricos, Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico)]. E-mail: jles@pumas.iingen.unam.mx

2009-01-15

Results are presented of a research project to study seismic activity in the Acoculco geothermal zone, Puebla, Mexico. Geological and geophysical information was collected for the zone and a seismic network composed of seven digital seismographs was installed over four months (August-November 2004). Of the 30 regional earthquakes located by the National Seismological Service, 14 were at the subduction zone, 7 in the intra-plate zone, 6 of cortical type were in the Mexican Volcanic Belt, and 3 had deep origins in the Veracruz and Chiapas regions. Although there were no local earthquakes, probably due to the short monitoring span or lack of currently active zones, velocity models were defined near the springs of Los Azufres and Alcaparrosa, with lineal arrangements of wide-band seismic stations (SPAC) and strata identified in the exploratory well EAC-1, drilled by the Comision Federal de Electricidad. By using the registers of regional earthquakes, the site-effects were estimated on the six temporary seismic stations, whose empirical transfer functions were used to validate a velocities model proposed for the endhoreic basin. The proposed velocity models, both for the endhoreic basin and outside it, enhance the previous interpretations. They confirm the geo-electrical model proposed for the zone is adequate and they provide dynamic conditions for the model, such as propagation velocities of the P and S waves and densities and attenuation. [Spanish] Se presentan los resultados de un proyecto de investigacion para estudiar la actividad sismica de la zona geotermica de Acoculco, Puebla, Mexico. Con este fin se recopilo informacion geologica y geofisica de la zona y se instalo durante cuatro meses (de agosto a noviembre de 2004) una red sismica conformada por siete sismografos digitales. Se registraron 30 sismos regionales que fueron localizados por el Servicio Sismologico Nacional en la zona de subduccion (14), en la zona de intraplaca (7), de tipo cortical del Eje

Arsenic in drinking water in the Los Altos de Jalisco region of Mexico Arsénico en el agua potable de la región de Los Altos de Jalisco, México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Hurtado-Jiménez

2006-10-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To establish the degree of contamination by arsenic in drinking water in the Los Altos de Jalisco (LAJ region of west-central Mexico, and to estimate the levels of exposure that residents of the area face. METHODS: Total arsenic concentration (the sum of all arsenic forms, organic and inorganic was determined for 129 public water wells in 17 municipal capitals (cabeceras municipales of the LAJ region, using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. For most of the wells, water samples were taken in both November 2002 and October 2003. The levels of exposure to arsenic were estimated for babies (10 kg, children (20 kg, and adults (70 kg. RESULTS: Mean concentrations of arsenic higher than the Mexican national guideline value of 25 µg/L were found in 44 (34% of the 129 wells. The mean concentration of total arsenic for the 129 wells ranged from 14.7 µg/L to 101.9 µg/L. The highest concentrations were found in well water samples collected in the cities of Mexticacán (262.9 µg/L, Teocaltiche (157.7 µg/L, and San Juan de los Lagos (113.8 µg/L. Considering the global mean concentration for all the wells in each of the 17 cities, the mean concentration of arsenic exceeded the Mexican guideline value in 7 of the cities. However, the global mean concentration in all 17 cities was higher than the World Health Organization guideline value of 10 µg/L for arsenic. The range of the estimated exposure doses to arsenic in drinking water was 1.1-7.6 µg/kg/d for babies, 0.7-5.1 µg/kg/d for children, and 0.4-2.7 µg/kg/d for adults. CONCLUSIONS: At the exposure doses estimated in the LAJ region, the potential health effects from chronic arsenic ingestion include skin diseases, gastrointestinal effects, neurological damage, cardiovascular problems, and hematological effects. While all the residents may not be affected, an important fraction of the total population of the LAJ region is under potential health risk due to the

Energy use and production, demography and the world-market oil price-influencing twenty years of economic performance and environment degradation in Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopez Lemus, Luis Gerardo [SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry (United States)

1997-07-01

I present a compilation of data describing Mexico's economic performance as it relates to demographic and natural resource characteristics. Statistical correlations suggest that long term economic output and energy efficiency are influenced mostly by human population numbers and fuel consumption rate, although its fluctuations have been clearly driven by those of the world-market oil price throughout 1970-90. Neither energy production, agricultural yield, OPEC's oil price or forest coverage appeared important in determining Mexican GDP response for this 20-year period. Significant relations of these fluctuations were found also in the rates of deforestation, air pollution and agricultural production, being all of these variables seemingly independent of the intrinsic human population growth rate. I discuss how Mexico could bridge the GDP gap with its current Nafta partners from this system-energy perspective. [Spanish] Presento una coleccion de datos que describen el comportamiento de la economia de Mexico relacionado con las caracteristicas demograficas y de sus recursos naturales. Las correlaciones estadisticas sugieren que la produccion economica a largo plazo y la eficiencia de la energia estan influenciadas principalmente por las cifras de poblacion humana y por el regimen de consumo de combustible, si bien sus fluctuaciones han sido claramente impulsadas por los precios del petroleo en mercado mundial a traves de 1970 a 1990. Ni la produccion de energia, el rendimiento agricola, el precio del petroleo de OPEC o la extension de los bosques resultaron importantes en la determinacion de la respuesta del PIB de Mexico para este periodo de 20 anos. Se encontraron relaciones significativas de estas fluctuaciones tambien en los regimenes de deforestacion, contaminacion del aire y produccion agricola, siendo todas esta variables de forma similar independientes de regimen intrinseco del crecimiento de la poblacion humana. Analizo como podria Mexico salvar la

Hantavirus Public Health outreach effectiveness in three populations: an overview of northwestern New Mexico, Los Santos Panama, and Region IX Chile.

Science.gov (United States)

McConnell, Marjorie S

2014-02-27

This research compared the effectiveness of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) outreach programs in New Mexico, Panama, and Chile. Understanding the role of human demographics, disease ecology, and human behavior in the disease process is critical to the examination of community responses in terms of behavior changes. Attitudes, knowledge, and behavior across three populations were measured through the implementation of a self-administered questionnaire (N = 601). Surveys implemented in Chile and Panama in 2004, followed by northwestern New Mexico in 2008, attempted to assess knowledge and behavior change with respect to hantavirus in high- and lower-risk prevalence areas during endemic periods. While levels of concern over contracting hantavirus were lowest in New Mexico, they were highest in Panama. Respondents in Chile showed mid-level concern and exhibited a tendency to practice proper cleaning methods more than in New Mexico and Panama. This indicates that public health messages appear to be more effective in Chile. However, since negative behavior changes, such as sweeping and vacuuming, occur at some level in all three populations, improved messages should help decrease risk of exposure to HPS.

Eolic central Guerrero Negro, BCS, Mexico, performance first year operation; Central eolica Guerrero Negro, BCS, Mexico, resultados del primer ano de operacion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cadenas Tovar, Roberto; Sanchez Cornejo, Carlos; Lopez Rios, Serafin [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico); Ley Romero, Jose R [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur (Mexico)

2000-07-01

Comision Federal de Electricidad installed a 600 kW wind turbine in the Guerrero Negro isolated electrical grid to evaluate, under actual operation conditions, the contribution of wind energy in the generation of electricity. This paper describes the performance of the wind turbine in terms of its availability, power curve and electricity produced. The results have been satisfactory, electricity was supplied with a lesser fuel consumption than before. [Spanish] La Comision Federal de Electricidad instalo en Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico un aerogenerador de 600 kW para evaluar en condiciones reales de operacion la integracion de la energia del viento a sistemas electricos aislados basados en diesel. En este trabajo se describen los resultados del primer ano de operacion del aerogenerador en terminos de su disponibilidad, curva de potencia y generacion obtenida. Los resultados han sido satisfactorios, registrandose una reduccion en el consumo de combustible fosil en el sistema.

Seasonal variability of the temperature and heat fluxes in the Gulf of Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zavala Hidalgo, J.; Pares Sierra, A.; Ochoa, J. [Division de Oceanologia, CICESE, Ensenada, Baja California (Mexico)

2002-04-01

Heat fluxes between the atmosphere and the sea surface in the Gulf of Mexico are computed using COADS climatology, bulk formulae, radiation estimations from satellite, and a numerical model. 9 W m{sup -}2 is the estimated mean surface heat flux into the ocean, this is higher than previous studies due to different bulk formulae and data sources. The annual cycle has an amplitude of 168 W m{sup -}2. The contribution of each term in the heat equation is computed, analyzed and compared to previous studies. A numerical model with thermodynamics is used to study the relative importance of heat advection and entrainment on the sea surface temperature. The results indicate that the entrainment is important in the winter cooling of surface waters. When entrainment, which depends on the buoyancy loss and the wind induced turbulent kinetic energy, is not included, temperatures in winter stay higher than observations, with a root mean square (RMS) difference from observations of 1.5 C. Including entrainment and detainment the RMS decreases to 1.0 C. [Spanish] Se estudian los flujos de calor entre la atmosfera y la superficie del mar en el Golfo de Mexico, utilizando los datos climatologicos de la base Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphera Data Set (COADS), formulas empiricas, estimaciones de la radiacion mediante satelite y con la ayuda de la modelacion numerica. Para los flujos superficiales de calor se obtuvo una media de 9 W m{sup -}2. Este valor es mas alto que el de estudios previos debido a que se utilizaron distintas fuentes de datos y formulas empiricas. Para el ciclo anual se obtuvo una amplitud de 168 W m{sup -}2. Se calcula y analiza la contribucion de cada termino en la ecuacion de calor comparando los valores obtenidos con los de estudios previos. Un modelo numerico con termodinamica es utilizado para estudiar la importancia relativa de la adveccion de calor y los flujos verticales asociados al aporte de agua de la capa intermedia a la superficial. Los resultados

"No dejarse caer en cama": las mujeres y los servicios de salud Women and healthcare services in Mexico: the struggle to avoid becoming "bedridden"

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isabel Hernández-Tezoquipa

2005-08-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar, describir y analizar el ciclo de percepción-atención de salud de las mujeres de mediana edad de cinco regiones del país. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo de 24 entrevistas a profundidad, aplicadas a mujeres de mediana edad (40 a 60 años, procedentes de cinco regiones de México. Los hallazgos de la investigación muestran que la percepción de salud de las mujeres se caracteriza por "sentirse constantemente mal", sin embargo, no se "dejan caer en cama". La búsqueda de atención a la salud en todos los casos es tardía. Las consideran que su malestar no es suficientemente atendido, ni reciben la información necesaria para su cuidado. Al no encontrar la respuesta que ellas esperan de los servicios de salud, buscan sus propios caminos como la autorregulación de tratamientos y la automedicación. La experiencia de las mujeres, es un punto de referencia para conseguir que se reformulen algunos aspectos del modelo médico existente.The objective of this study was to identify, describe, and analyze the perception of healthcare services by middle-aged women in five different regions of Mexico. The qualitative analysis was based on 24 in-depth interviews with middle-aged women (40-60 years representing five different regions of the country. The women generally described their health as "constantly poor" but did not allow themselves to become "bedridden". The vast majority of the women postponed going to healthcare services. They considered their health problems insufficiently treated and did not receive enough information for proper self-care. When they did not receive the response they were looking for from healthcare services, women generally sought alternative solutions by regulating their own treatment regimes and self-medication. These experiences provide a strong reference for restructuring key aspects in the current medical model.

Analisis de mecanismos alternos de coordinacion de la operacion en los puertos fronterizos entre Mexico y Estados Unidos.

Science.gov (United States)

2001-12-01

Identificar los problemas de coordinacin Intersectoriales entre dependencias pblicas de Mxico, los problemas originados por la falta de Coordinacin Binacional en los Puertos Fronterizos y los costos que se derivan de estos problemas. Desarrol...

Environmental Assessment for Lease of Land for the Development of a Research Park at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico - Final Document

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

N/A

1997-10-07

As part of its initiative to fulfill its responsibilities to provide support for the incorporated County of Los Alamos (the County) as an Atomic Energy Community, while simultaneously fulfilling its obligations to enhance the self-sufficiency of the County under authority of the Atomic Energy Community Act of 1955 and the Defense Authorization Act, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) proposes to lease undeveloped land in Los Alamos, New Mexico, to the County for private sector use as a research park. The Proposed Action is intended to accelerate economic development activities within the County by creating regional employment opportunities through offering federal land for private sector lease and use. As a result of the proposed land lease, any government expenditures for providing infrastructure to the property would be somewhat supplemented by tenant purchase of Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) expertise in research and development activities. The presence of a research park within LANL boundaries is expected to allow private sector tenants of the park to be able to quickly and efficiently call upon LANL scientific expertise and facility and equipment capabilities as part of their own research operations and LANL research personnel, in turn, would be challenged in areas complementary to their federally funded research. In this way a symbiotic relationship would be enjoyed by both parties while simultaneously promoting economic development for the County through new job opportunities at the Research Park and at LANL, new indirect support opportunities for the community at large, and through payment of the basic building space leases. A ''sliding-scale'' approach (DOE 1993) is the basis for the analysis of effects in this Environmental Assessment (EA). That is, certain aspects of the Proposed Action have a greater potential for creating adverse environmental effects than others; therefore, they are discussed in greater detail in this EA

New Mexico Center for Isotopes in Medicine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Burchiel, Scott W.

2012-12-13

The purpose of the New Mexico Center for Isotopes in Medicine (NMCIM) is to support research, education and service missions of the UNM College of Pharmacy Radiopharmaceutical Sciences Program (COP RSP) and the Cancer Research and Treatment Center (CRTC). NMCIM developed and coordinated unique translational research in cancer radioimaging and radiotherapy agents based on novel molecules developed at UNM and elsewhere. NMCIM was the primary interface for novel radioisotopes and radiochemistries developed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) for SPECT/PET imaging and therapy. NMCIM coordinated the use of the small animal imaging facility with the CRTC provided support services to assist investigators in their studies. NMCIM developed education and training programs that benefited professional, graduate, and postdoctoral students that utilized its unique facilities and technologies. UNM COP RSP has been active in writing research and training grants, as well as supporting contract research with industrial partners. The ultimate goal of NMCIM is to bring new radiopharmaceutical imaging and therapeutic agents into clinical trials that will benefit the health and well being of cancer and other patients in New Mexico and the U.S.

Nesting of Morelet’s crocodile, Crocodylus moreletii (Dumeril and Bibron), in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico

OpenAIRE

A. Villegas; G. D. Mendoza; J. L. Arcos-García; V. H. Reynoso

2017-01-01

Abstract We evaluated the nesting by Crocodylus moreletii in Lago de Catemaco, Veracruz, southeastern, Mexico. During the nesting and hatching seasons, we searched for nests along the northern margins of the lake and small associated streams. We investigated egg mortality by weekly monitoring each of the nests found, recording sign of predation (tracks and holes dug into the nest) and the effect of water level fluctuations. We not found differences to nest between inland or flooded zones. How...

Prevalencia de anticuerpos neutralizantes contra los serotipos del virus dengue en universitarios de Tabasco, México Prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to dengue virus serotypes in university students from Tabasco, Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gilma Guadalupe Sánchez-Burgos

2008-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos neutralizantes de los serotipos del virus dengue en estudiantes universitarios de Tabasco, México, durante los meses de septiembre a noviembre del año 2005. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se determinó la presencia de IgG contra el virus en el suero de estudiantes que acudieron al centro clínico de la universidad; en los sueros positivos se determinaron los anticuerpos neutralizantes mediante el ensayo de reducción de placa lítica. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de IgG contra el dengue fue de 9.1%; de esta proporción, los anticuerpos neutralizantes fueron DENV-1 (20%, DENV-2 (100%, DENV-3 (4% y DENV-4 (68%. CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio muestra que el serotipo transmitido con mayor frecuencia en el estado de Tabasco es el DENV-2, aunque no ha sido el aislado con más frecuencia. La elevada prevalencia de anticuerpos neutralizantes contra el DENV-4, al parecer de reacción cruzada, podría explicar la baja circulación de este serotipo en Tabasco.OBJECTIVE: Determine the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies to dengue virus in students from the state university of Tabasco, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A transversal study was conducted of serum collected from students between September and November, 2005. The sera were screened for anti-dengue IgG and those that had evidence of dengue antibodies were analyzed by a plaque reduction neutralization test. RESULTS: Prevalence of anti-dengue IgG was 9.1%. The frequency of neutralizing antibodies was 100% for DENV-2, 68% for DENV-4, 20% for DENV-1, and 4 % for DENV-3. CONCLUSIONS: We found that in this population, DENV-2 circulates more than DENV-3 despite the fact that DENV-3 is more frequently isolated. Unexpectedly, neutralizing antibodies against DENV-4 were frequently found even though this serotype is almost extinct; thus, it is probable that cross-immunity could suppress DEN-4 transmission, as has been suggested.

Distribución y abundancia de Craugastor vulcani: una especie de rana en riesgo de Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, México Distribution and abundance of Craugastor vulcani: an endangered frog species from Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo Pineda

2010-04-01

Full Text Available En México, más de la mitad de las especies de anfibios están amenazadas y de la mayoría no se genera información que permita conocer el estatus en el que se encuentran sus poblaciones. En este trabajo se evaluó la distribución y abundancia de Craugastor vulcani, una rana endémica de la sierra de Los Tuxtlas Veracruz que se encuentra en riesgo de extinción, en función de la transformación de la selva. Para este trabajo, se consultaron bases de datos de registros históricos y se muestrearon 12 sitios que representan ambientes comunes de la región. Se registró un total de 524 individuos, de los cuales el 77% se encontraron en fragmentos de selva, el 20% en remanentes riparios y sólo el 3% en potreros. La mayor abundancia (62% se registró durante la época seca del año. La distribución conocida de C. vulcani está sesgada hacia el norte de la sierra, existe poca información sobre su presencia en la porción sur. La permanencia de la especie en la zona parece depender de los pocos fragmentos de bosque existentes. El aumento en el número, área y conectividad de tales remanentes son algunas de las medidas necesarias para conservar ésta y otras especies amenazadas en la región.More than a half of all amphibian species occurring in Mexico are threatened, and for most of them there is no current information to assess the status of their populations. Craugastor vulcani is an endemic frog from the Los Tuxtlas mountains, Veracruz, and it is classified as an endangered species. We examine the distribution and abundance of C. vulcani as a function of rainforest transformation in Los Tuxtlas. We consulted historical records in databases and sampled 12 sites representing common habitats of the region. We recorded a total of 524 individuals of which 77% were found in rainforest fragments, 20% were collected in riparian remnants and just 3% in cattle pastures. Most individuals (62% were recorded during the dry season. The known distribution

La construcción de desigualdades en el mercado de trabajo de los investigadores en México The construction of inequality in the job market of the researchers in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guillermo Campos Ríos

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Este artículo muestra como un segmento de mercado como el de los investigadores en México - caracterizado por su alto nivel de educación- también se rige ciegamente por estructuras institucionales que finalmente reproducen inequidades similares a las que se encontrarían en cualquier otro segmento de trabajadores con menor nivel de educación; aunque, evidentemente la intensidad de las desigualdades es menor y en ocasiones aparecen metamorfoseadas. Este segmento está en una dinámica de crecimiento que avanza en sentido contrario a lo que ocurre en el actual contexto de destrucción masiva del empleo. Las desigualdades manifiestas están orientadas hacia las investigadoras y los jóvenes investigadores. A pesar de que en este mercado se mantienen condiciones laborales excepcionales respecto a otros segmentos, éstas son extraordinariamente frágiles. El principal obstáculo al crecimiento absoluto y racional de la actividad de investigación en México -dejando de lado la persistentemente baja inversión en I+D del gobierno mexicano- es la concentración de la investigación en el D.F. y en tres instituciones: la UNAM, La UAM y el Politécnico Nacional (IPN. Se concluye con la necesidad de pasar a una segunda fase de institucionalización de la investigación en México.This article shows how the labor market of researchers in Mexico - characterized by a high level of education - is also ruled by blind institutional structures that, finally, reproduce inequities in a similar way to those which we would encounter in any other workers' segment with a lesser level of education. Though, evidently, the intensity of inequities is smaller and in some occasions they turn out to be transfigured. This segment has a growth dynamic that advances in the opposite direction to what happens in the current context of the massive destruction of employment. Inequities are orientated towards female and young researchers and, although we can find exceptional

The Los Alamos National Laboratory Transuranic Waste Retireval Project

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Montoya, G.M.; Christensen, D.V.; Stanford, A.R.

1997-01-01

This paper presents the status of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) project for remediation of transuranic (TRU) and TRU mixed waste from Pads 1, 2, and 4. Some of the TRU waste packages retrieved from Pad I are anticipated to be part of LANL's initial inventory to be shipped to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in April 1998. The TRU Waste Inspectable Storage Project (TWISP) was initiated in February 1993 in response to the New Mexico Environment Department's (NMED's) Consent Agreement for Compliance Order, ''New Mexico Hazardous Waste Agreement (NMHWA) 93-03.'' The TWISP involves the recovery of approximately 16,865 TRU and TRU-mixed waste containers currently under earthen cover on Pads 1, 2, and 4 at Technical Area 54, Area G, and placement of that waste into inspectable storage. All waste will be moved into inspectable storage by September 30, 2003. Waste recovery and storage operations emphasize protection of worker safety, public health, and the environment

Tritium operating safety seminar, Los Alamos, New Mexico, July 30, 1975

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1976-03-01

A seminar for the exchange of information on tritium operating and safety problems was held at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. The topics discussed are: (1) material use (tubing, lubricants, valves, seals, etc.); (2) hardware selection (valves, fittings, pumps, etc.); (3) biological effects; (4) high pressure; (5) operating procedures (high pressure tritium experiment at LLL); (6) incidents; and (7) emergency planning

Physical activity and overweight among adolescents on the Texas-Mexico border

Science.gov (United States)

Pérez, Adriana; Reininger, Belinda M.; Flores, Maria Isabel Aguirre; Sanderson, Maureen; Roberts, Robert E.

2006-01-01

Objective To investigate differences in associations between physical activity and overweight for students in two adjacent areas on the border between Mexico and the United States of America: students in the city of Matamoros, Mexico, and Mexican-American students in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) area of southern Texas. Since the extremely high prevalence of overweight among Mexican-American adolescents is well-recognized, we wanted to determine whether overweight has become a problem among Mexican adolescents. Methods Students from 6 schools (n = 669), representing 12% of the ninth-grade students in Matamoros during 2002-2003, and students from 13 high schools (n = 4 736), representing 22% of the ninth-grade students in the LRGV during 2000-2001, completed questionnaires. Polytomous logistic regression was performed to estimate the risk of being at risk of overweight (≥85th percentile to Mexico border. ABSTRACT. Spanish. Objetivo: Investigar si hay diferencias en las asociaciones entre la actividad física y el sobrepeso observadas en estudiantes de dos zonas colindantes en la frontera mexicanoestadounidense: estudiantes de la ciudad de Matamoros, México, y estudiantes mexicanoestadounidenses del valle a lo largo de la desembocadura del Río Bravo (VRB) en la parte sur del estado de Texas. Dada la consabida prevalencia extremadamente alta de sobrepeso en adolescentes mexicanoestadounidenses, los autores queríamos determinar si el sobrepeso también se ha convertido en un problema entre adolescentes mexicanos. Métodos: Estudiantes de 6 escuelas (n = 653), que comprenden 11% de los estudiantes de noveno grado en Matamoros durante 2002–2003, y estudiantes de 13 bachilleratos (n = 4 736), que comprenden 22% de los estudiantes de noveno grado del VRB durante 2000–2001, contestaron cuestionarios. Se llevó a cabo una regresión logística politómica a fin de calcular el riesgo de estar en riesgo de tener sobrepeso (≥85.° percentil a En aras de la

Tiger Team Assessment of the Los Alamos National Laboratory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1991-11-01

This report documents the Tiger Team Assessment of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) located in Los Alamos, New Mexico. LANL is operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE) by the University of California. The Tiger Team Assessment was conducted from September 23 to November 8, 1991, under the auspices of the DOE Office of Special Projects, Office of Assistant Secretary for Environment, Safety and Health. The assessment was comprehensive, encompassing environmental, safety, and health (ES ampersand H) disciplines; management; and contractor and DOE self-assessments. Compliance with applicable Federal, state, and local regulations; applicable DOE Orders; best management practices; and internal LANL site requirements was assessed. In addition, an evaluation of the adequacy and effectiveness of the DOE and the site contractors' management of ES ampersand H/quality assurance programs was conducted. This volume discusses findings concerning the environmental assessment

A comparative simple method for human bioclimatic conditions applied to seasonally hot/warm cities of Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tejeda Martinez, A. [Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz (Mexico); Garcia Cueto, O.R. [Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Mexicali, B.C. (Mexico)

2002-01-01

The climate of a region is an environmental resource with important implications for things such as thermal comfort, health and productivity of the population. In this work, the bioclimatic comfort was evaluated for seven seasonally warm/hot cities of Mexico by means of the following current indexes: Discomfort Index, Enthalpy Index and Heat Strain Index. Also, the periods during which it is necessary to use air conditioning in the studied cities were calculated from estimated global radiation and hourly data of temperature and relative humidity which made it possible to establish them with high precision. Finally, the useful of the Heat Strain Index is shown. It is a simple index needing available meteorological data to compare bioclimatic conditions of similar sites. [Spanish] El clima regional tiene implicaciones en el confort, la salud y la productividad de la poblacion. En este articulo se presentan las evaluaciones bioclimaticas comparativas de siete ciudades calidas de Mexico. Se aplicaron los indices bioclimaticos de disconfort, entalpia y esfuerzo frente al calor. Se calcularon los periodos para los cuales es necesario el uso de aire acondicionado, a partir de estimaciones de radiacion solar global y de temperatura y humedad horarias medias mensuales. Finalmente se muestra la utilidad y calidad del Indice de esfuerzo frente al calor, el cual requiere solo de datos climatologicos comunes para poder comparar condiciones bioclimaticas de sitios similares.

Environmental waste site characterization utilizing aerial photographs and satellite imagery: Three sites in New Mexico, USA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Van Eeckhout, E.; Pope, P.; Becker, N.; Wells, B.; Lewis, A.; David, N.

1996-01-01

The proper handling and characterization of past hazardous waste sites is becoming more and more important as world population extends into areas previously deemed undesirable. Historical photographs, past records, current aerial satellite imagery can play an important role in characterizing these sites. These data provide clear insight into defining problem areas which can be surface samples for further detail. Three such areas are discussed in this paper: (1) nuclear wastes buried in trenches at Los Alamos National Laboratory, (2) surface dumping at one site at Los Alamos National Laboratory, and (3) the historical development of a municipal landfill near Las Cruces, New Mexico

MODIFICACION DE LA ANSIEDAD Y EL CORTISOL SALIVAL UTILIZANDO ELECTROACUPUNTURA DE BAJA FRECUENCIA EN LOS PUNTOS HEGU (IG4) Y TAICHONG (H3)

OpenAIRE

GOMEZ ESQUIVEL, MONICA LUZ

2009-01-01

LA CIUDAD DE MEXICO ES UNA DE LAS CIUDADES EN LAS QUE EL ESTRES ES ALGO COTIDIANO. UNO DE LOS GRUPOS MAS VULNERABLES SON LOS ESTUDIANTES, LOS CUALES YA ESTAN ACOSTUMBRADOS A ESTE TIPO DE SITUACIONES Y LA RESPUESTA A ALGUN FACTOR AGREGADO SERA MUCHO MAS RAPIDA DE MANERA FISIOLOGICA, YA QUE ESTOS ESTIMULOS SON CONSTANTES Y LAS RESPUESTAS SON SOLO MECANISMOS DE DEFENSA. EL CORTISOL ES CONOCIDO COMO LA HORMONA DEL ESTRES Y ES EL RESPONSABLE DEL EFECTO QUE TENGA UNA SITUACION ESTRESANTE EN EL CUER...

Mexico City air quality: Progress of an international collaborative project to define air quality management options

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Streit, G.E.

1992-01-01

Mexico City, faces a severe air pollution problem due to a combination of circumstances. The city is in a high mountain basin at a subtropical latitude. The basin setting inhibits dispersion of pollution and contributes to frequent wintertime thermal inversions which further trap pollutants near the surface. The elevation and latitude combine to provide plentiful sunshine which, in comparison to more northern latitudes, is enhanced in the UV radiation which drives atmospheric photochemistry to produce secondary pollutants such as ozone. The Area Metropolitana de la Ciudad de Mexico AMCW is defined to include the 16 delegations of the Federal District (D.F.) and 17 highly urbanized municipalities in the State of Mexico which border the D.F. The 1990 census (XI Censo General de Poblacion y Vivienda de 1990) records that slightly over 15 million people live in the AMCM. There are numerous other nearby communities which are in the airshed region of Mexico City, but which are not included in the definition and population of the AMCM. The Mexico City Air Quality Research Initiative is one project that is examining the complex relationship between air pollution, economic growth, societal values, and air quality management policies. The project utilizes a systems approach including computer modeling, comprehensive measurement studies of Mexico City's air pollutants, environmental chemical reaction studies and socioeconomic analysis. Los Alamos National Laboratory (USA) and the Mexican Petroleum Institute are the designated lead institutions

Greenhouse gas energy scenarios for Mexico in year 2020, and mitigation potential of renewable technologies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sheinbaum, Claudia; Robles, Guillermo; Rodriguez V, Luis [Instituto de Ingenieria de la UNAM, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico); Massera, Omar [UNAM, Michoacan (Mexico)

2000-07-01

This paper presents the structure of the Mexican Energy-Emission Scenario Model (MEESM). In explains the importance of developing a bottom-up model for GHG mitigation assessment in Mexico. Also, the paper presents results of CO{sub 2} mitigation scenarios for year 2020 for five renewable energy technologies: solar water heaters, geothermal, biomass, mini/micro hydro and wind power generation. The paper concludes by discussing the importance of simulation accounting bottom-up models as tools for GHG mitigation policies. [Spanish] Este articulo presenta la estructura del Modelo de Escenario de Emision de Energia Mexicano (MEESM). En el se explica la importancia de desarrollar un modelo organizacional de abajo hacia arriba para la evaluacion de la mitigacion del efecto invernadero en Mexico. El articulo presenta tambien los resultados de los escenarios de mitigacion de CO{sub 2} para el ano 2020 utilizando cinco tecnologias de energia renovable: calentadores solares de agua, geotermia, biomasa, y mini/micro generacion de energia por agua y viento. El articulo concluye con el analisis de la importancia de la simulacion tomando en cuenta modelos organizacionales de abajo hacia arriba como herramientas para las politicas de mitigacion del efecto invernadero.

Environmental Programs at Los Alamos National Laboratory

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jones, Patricia [Los Alamos National Laboratory

2012-07-11

Summary of this project is: (1) Teamwork, partnering to meet goals - (a) Building on cleanup successes, (b) Solving legacy waste problems, (c) Protecting the area's environment; (2) Strong performance over the past three years - (a) Credibility from four successful Recovery Act Projects, (b) Met all Consent Order milestones, (c) Successful ramp-up of TRU program; (3) Partnership between the National Nuclear Security Administration's Los Alamos Site Office, DOE Carlsbad Field Office, New Mexico Environment Department, and contractor staff enables unprecedented cleanup progress; (4) Continued focus on protecting water resources; and (5) All consent order commitments delivered on time or ahead of schedule.

Surface albedo measurements in Mexico City metropolitan area

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Castro, T; Mar, B; Longoria, R; Ruiz Suarez, L. G [Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, UNAM, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico); Morales, L [Instituto de Geografia, UNAM, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2001-04-01

Optical and thermal properties of soils are important input data for the meteorological and photochemical modules of air quality models. As development of these models increase on spatial resolution good albedo data become more important. In this paper measurements of surface albedo of UV (295-385 nm) and visible (450-550 nm) radiation are reported for different urban and rural surfaces in the vicinity of Mexico City. It was found for the downtown zone and average albedo value of 0.05 which is in very good agreement with reported values for urban surfaces. Our albedo values measured in UV region for grey cement and green grass are of 0.10 and 0.009, respectively, and quite similar to those found at the literature of 0.11 and 0.008 for those type of surfaces. [Spanish] Las propiedades opticas y termicas de suelos son datos importantes para los modulos meteorologicos y fotoquimicos de los modelos de calidad del aire. Conforme aumenta la resolucion espacial del modelo se vuelve mas importante contar con buenos datos de albedo. En este articulo se presentan mediciones de albedo superficial de radiacion Ultravioleta (295-385 nm) y visible (450-550 nm) para diferentes superficies urbanas. Los valores medidos de albedo en la region UV para cemento gris y pasto verde son de 0.10 y 0.009, respectivamente, y son muy similares a los reportados en la literatura, 0.11 y 0.008 para este tipo de superficies.

Quality of diabetes care: a cross-sectional study of adults of Hispanic origin across and along the United States-Mexico border Calidad de la atención de la diabetes: un estudio transversal de adultos hispanos residentes en ambos lados de la zona fronteriza entre México y los Estados Unidos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Beatriz A. Díaz-Apodaca

2010-09-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To assess and monitor the quality of care provided to Hispanics diagnosed with diabetes living in the border region between the United States of America and Mexico. METHODS: From April 2001 to November 2002, Phase I of the U.S.-Mexico Border Diabetes Prevention and Control Project, a prevalence study of type 2 diabetes and its risk factors, was conducted along the U.S.-Mexico border using two-stage cluster sampling of towns and households within towns. A questionnaire was administered on diabetes (self-reported and lifestyle and a physical examination and blood sample were obtained. Of the 4 027 study participants, 521 (13.0% reported receiving a pre-study diagnosis of diabetes. Of those, 466 were of Hispanic origin (226 on the Mexican side of the border and 240 on the U.S. side. RESULTS: Results indicated 42.1% of Hispanics on the U.S. side of the border (95% confidence interval [CI] 35.8%-48.6% and 37.6% of Hispanics on the Mexican side (95% CI 31.3%-44.3% had controlled diabetes (defined as glycosylated hemoglobin A1c OBJETIVO: Evaluar y vigilar la calidad de la atención prestada a los hispanos diagnosticados de diabetes residentes en la zona fronteriza entre los Estados Unidos y México. MÉTODOS: De abril del 2001 a noviembre del 2002, se llevó a cabo la primera fase del Proyecto de Prevención y Control de la Diabetes en la Frontera México-Estados Unidos, un estudio sobre la prevalencia de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus factores de riesgo; el proyecto se realizó a lo largo de la zona fronteriza entre los Estados Unidos y México, mediante muestreo por conglomerados, en dos etapas, de poblaciones y hogares de esas poblaciones. Mediante un cuestionario (se recogió la información facilitada por los entrevistados sobre la diabetes y su modo de vida; también se realizó una exploración física y se obtuvo una muestra de sangre. De los 4 027 participantes, 521 (13,0% informaron que previamente al estudio ya se les hab

Environmental Survey preliminary report, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1988-01-01

This report presents the preliminary findings from the first phase of the Environmental Survey of the United States Department of Energy's (DOE) Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), conducted March 29, 1987 through April 17, 1987. The Survey is being conducted by an interdisciplinary team of environmental specialists, led and managed by the Office of Environment, Safety and Health's Office of Environmental Audit. Individual team components are outside experts being supplied by a private contractor. The objective of the Survey is to identify environmental problems and areas of environmental risk associated with the LANL. The Survey covers all environmental media and all areas of environmental regulation. It is being performed in accordance with the DOE Environmental Survey Manual. The on-site phase of the Survey involves the review of existing site environmental data, observations of the operations carried on at the LANL, and interviews with site personnel. The Survey team developed Sampling and Analysis Plan to assist in further assessing certain of the environmental problems identified during its on-site activities. The Sampling and Analysis Plan will be executed by the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. When completed, the results will be incorporated into the LANL Environmental Survey Interim Report. The Interim Report will reflect the final determinations of the Survey for the LANL. 65 refs., 68 figs., 73 tabs

Environmental Survey preliminary report, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1988-01-01

This report presents the preliminary findings from the first phase of the Environmental Survey of the United States Department of Energy's (DOE) Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), conducted March 29, 1987 through April 17, 1987. The Survey is being conducted by an interdisciplinary team of environmental specialists, led and managed by the Office of Environment, Safety and Health's Office of Environmental Audit. Individual team components are outside experts being supplied by a private contractor. The objective of the Survey is to identify environmental problems and areas of environmental risk associated with the LANL. The Survey covers all environmental media and all areas of environmental regulation. It is being performed in accordance with the DOE Environmental Survey Manual. The on-site phase of the Survey involves the review of existing site environmental data, observations of the operations carried on at the LANL, and interviews with site personnel. The Survey team developed Sampling and Analysis Plan to assist in further assessing certain of the environmental problems identified during its on-site activities. The Sampling and Analysis Plan will be executed by the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. When completed, the results will be incorporated into the LANL Environmental Survey Interim Report. The Interim Report will reflect the final determinations of the Survey for the LANL. 65 refs., 68 figs., 73 tabs.

Nuclear criticality research at the University of New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Busch, R.D.

1997-01-01

Two projects at the University of New Mexico are briefly described. The university's Chemical and Nuclear Engineering Department has completed the final draft of a primer for MCNP4A, which it plans to publish soon. The primer was written to help an analyst who has little experience with the MCNP code to perform criticality safety analyses. In addition, the department has carried out a series of approach-to-critical experiments on the SHEBA-II, a UO 2 F 2 solution critical assembly at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The results obtained differed slightly from what was predicted by the TWODANT code

Microbiological quality in the Zacatepec's aquifer, Morelos, Mexico; Calidad microbiologica del acuifero de Zacatepec, Morelos, Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ramirez, Elizabeth; Robles, Esperanza; Sainz, Ma. Guadalupe; Ayala, Reynaldo; Campoy, Emelia [Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)]. E-mail: erf@servidor.unam.mx

2009-11-15

.3, temperature was in a range of 25.1 to 28 degrees Celsius and dissolved oxygen of 2.9 to 4.8 mg/L. The average values of the physicochemical parameters among the wells were very similar. The presence of coliforms indicates human pollution in the aquifer, and together with the presence of pathogenic free-living amoebae, stand out the significance of water disinfection before it being used as drinking water. [Spanish] Los mantos subterraneos constituyen una de las principales fuentes de abastecimiento de agua potable en Mexico. Por lo general, albergan solo a ciertos organismos debido a su bajo contenido en materias nutritivas. Sin embargo, las actividades humanas y el crecimiento urbano son los principales factores para la contaminacion de los acuiferos. De esta forma, el agua puede contener contaminantes quimicos o biologicos que causan diversas enfermedades, entre los que estan algunas amibas de vida libre (AVL). El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la calidad microbiologica (coliformes totales, coliformes fecales y amibas de vida libre) del acuifero de Zacatepec, Morelos. Para ello se realizaron muestreos mensuales durante un ano en trece pozos del acuifero; se midieron en el lugar los siguientes parametros fisicoquimicos: pH, oxigeno disuelto y temperatura. Se determinaron los coliformes totales y fecales utilizando la tecnica de filtro de membrana; para las amibas se utilizo el medio selectivo agar no nutritivo con Enterobacter aerogenes (NNE) y la identificacion se realizo tomando en cuenta sus caracteristicas morfologicas. Todos los pozos presentaron contaminacion por coliformes totales, uno de ellos con una media geometrica de 107 UFC/100 mL. En cambio, los coliformes fecales estuvieron ausentes en cuatro de los pozos, pero en uno se presento contaminacion alta con una media geometrica de 107 UFC/100 mL. El pozo mas contaminado con bacterias fue el numero 3 y la contaminacion de coliformes totales y fecales mas alta se presento en los meses de abril y julio. Se

Acercamiento antropológico de la alimentación y salud en México Anthropological approach to nutrition and health in Mexico

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Miriam Bertran Vilà

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo presento un panorama de la alimentación en México, particularmente sobre la ciudad de México desde una perspectiva antropológica considerando aspectos socioculturales y económicos. Inicia con una breve revisión de los estudios antropológicos sobre alimentación en México, para reconocer tanto los aportes metodológicos como los principales problemas de estudio. Posteriormente, se presentan algunos datos de contextualización del país y de la ciudad que enmarcan los datos nutricios y alimentarios característicos. En las siguientes secciones se proponen algunas explicaciones sobre algunos de los fenómenos alimentarios contemporáneos, donde la obesidad es la característica principal en una sociedad de reciente acceso al consumo masivo, al mismo tiempo que se enfrenta al ideal cultural de delgadez. Los datos sobre la alimentación en México y los fenómenos sociales relacionados dan cuenta de la complejidad del fenómeno alimentario y de cómo los procesos macrosociales afectan las decisiones cotidianas de la gente. El análisis antropológico de la alimentación en la población mexicana ha permitido mostrar la relación entre estos procesos históricamente y en fechas recientes. Son la muestra de la utilidad de la metodología antropológica para estudiar la alimentación contemporánea, llena de contradicciones, que tienen que ver con el desarrollo del capitalismo y la sociedad de consumo, la promoción al consumo, y el acceso inmediato a él, la medicalización de la vida cotidiana, las ideas sobre el control corporal, y la imagen como un elemento de estatus.This paper presents an overview of food in Mexico, particularly in Mexico City, from an anthropological perspective considering sociocultural and economic aspects. It begins with a brief review of anthropological studies on food in Mexico to recognize both the methodological contributions as the major problems of study. Subsequently, are presented some facts

Response to exploitation (1982-2002) of the Los Azufres, Michoacan (Mexico) geothermal field. Part I: North Zone; Respuesta a la explotacion (1982-2003) del yacimiento geotermico de Los Azufres, Michoacan (Mexico). Parte I: Zona Norte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arellano G, Victor Manuel; Barragan R, Rosa Maria [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico); Torres R, Marco Antonio; Sandoval M, Fernando [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico)

2004-12-01

This work studies the thermodynamic evolution of the Los Azufres northern zone reservoir fluids as a response of exploitation since 1982 to 2002 is presented. Thermodynamic conditions for reservoir fluids were estimated using the WELFLO heat-and flow-well simulator, using production data as the input. The initial thermodynamic conditions of the north zone wells indicated the presence of compressed liquid; also it was noticed that the first response to exploitation was a pressure drop and an enthalpy increase, while the long term response indicated a very small pressure change but a high enthalpy increment. The analysis of production, chemical and isotopic (d18O, dD) data in this zone showed interference effects of fluids reinjected in well Az-52 on well Az-5; and in well Az-15 on wells Az-13, Az-28 and Az-43. At the present time due to the low injection flow rates, this effect is minimal. [Spanish] En este trabajo se presenta un estudio sobre la evolucion termodinamica de los fluidos de la zona norte del yacimiento de Los Azufres desde el inicio de su explotacion en 1982 hasta el ano 2002, considerando las condiciones de fondo de pozos del campo, como respuesta a la extraccion e inyeccion de fluidos. Las condiciones termodinamicas de los fluidos del yacimiento se estimaron mediante el simulador del flujo de fluidos y calor en pozos {sup W}ELFLO{sup ,} a partir de datos de produccion. Las condiciones termodinamicas iniciales de los fluidos de la zona norte de campo se encontraron en la region de liquido comprimido; la primera respuesta a la explotacion consistio en una disminucion de presion y un incremento en la entalpia. A largo plazo, se observaron cambios muy pequenos en la presion y grandes incrementos en la entalpia. El analisis de datos quimicos, isotopicos (d18O, dD) y de produccion de pozos en la zona norte evidencio la ocurrencia de interferencia de fluidos de reinyeccion del pozo Az-52 con el pozo Az-5 y del pozo Az-15 con los pozos Az-13, Az-28 y Az 43

Perros ferales en la isla de Cedros, Baja California, México: una posible amenaza para los pinnípedos Feral dogs at Isla de Cedros, Baja California, Mexico: a possible threat for pinnipeds

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Concepción García-Aguilar

2012-09-01

Full Text Available La presencia de perros ferales (Canis lupus familiaris en la isla de Cedros, Baja California, México, fue documentada hace más de 15 años. En el verano de 2009 e invierno 2009/2010, se realizaron 2 campañas de muestreo en la costa noreste de la isla para evaluar los hábitos alimentarios de los perros en las cercanías de las zonas de reproducción y descanso del lobo marino de California (Zalophus californianus y del elefante marino del norte (Mirounga angustirostris. Los mamíferos constituyeron el grupo consumido más importante en la alimentación de los perros (85.4%. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que en la costa noreste de la isla de Cedros los perros se alimentan de pinnípedos: el elefante marino fue la especie que más se consumió, con el mayor porcentaje en ambas temporadas (43.3% en verano y 51.9% en invierno; el lobo marino, fue la segunda durante el verano (23.3%, aunque su porcentaje disminuyó en el invierno (5.8%. Además del potencial impacto que el consumo por los perros pueda tener sobre las poblaciones de los pinnípedos, una amenaza adicional es la posible transmisión de los patógenos caninos, con serias consecuencias epizoóticas.The presence of feral dogs (Canis lupus familiaris in Isla de Cedros, Baja California, Mexico, has been documented for over 15 years. In the summer of2009 and the winter of 2009/2010, 2 sampling surveys were conducted in the northeast coastal portion of the island to assess the diet of feral dogs in the vicinity of hauled out California sea lions (Zalophus californianus and northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris. Mammals were the most important prey group in the diet of dogs (85.4%. Our results show that in the northeast coast of Isla de Cedros, feral dogs feed on pinnipeds: the elephant seal was the most important prey in both seasons (43.3% in summer and 51.9% in winter, followed by the sea lion as the second most important prey during the summer (23.3%, while its

On the usefulness of atmospheric measurements for air quality evaluation in the context of recent urban meteorology findings in Mexico City

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cruz Nunez, X.; Jazcilevich Diamant, A. [Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)]. E-mail: xochitl@atmosfera.unam.mx

2007-10-15

detalle en la quimica de los datos pueden conferir una informacion conflictiva o sesgada. La aproximacion al problema pudiera no tener bases solidas. No es sino hasta que el esfuerzo de medicion se complementa con una modelacion detallada de la meteorologia y la calidad del aire que puede asegurarse el adecuado uso de la informacion de mediciones. Con el fin de comprobar lo anterior, se hizo una estimacion de la utilidad de las mediciones de calidad del aire de una manera sencilla a traves de la construccion de graficas tridimensionales que llamamos isopletas de ozono usadas para relacionar las mediciones de oxidos de nitrogeno (NO{sub x}), compuestos organicos volatiles (COV) y maximos de ozono (O{sub 3}) para tres sitios de la Ciudad de Mexico. El ejercicio consiste en interpretar el transporte de la contaminacion atmosferica en el Valle de Mexico utilizando solamente los datos medidos y nuestras isopletas junto con sus correspondientes datos de rosas de los vientos. Esta interpretacion -la basada en la informacion de mediciones unicamente- esta sujeta a influencias locales y se compara con resultados recientes de modelacion que muestran que cuando los datos medidos se usan en conjuncion con la modelacion de la calidad del aire, se puede obtener una mejor comprension del problema de la contaminacion atmosferica. Una estrategia correcta para estudiar el problema de la contaminacion del aire, especialmente en el caso de la Ciudad de Mexico donde meteorologia y uso de suelo complejos estan presentes, debe ser aquella en la que ambos componentes, modelacion y medicion, se persigan con igual vigor.

Effect of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides on ozone formation in smog chambers exposed to solar irradiance of Mexico City

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sandoval F, J; Marroquin de la R, O; Jaimes L, J. L; Zuniga L, V. A; Gonzalez O, E; Guzman Lopez-Figueroa, F [Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2001-01-01

Outdoor smog chambers experiments were performed on air to determine the answer of maximum ozone levels, to changes in the initial hydrocarbons, HC, and nitrogen oxide NO{sub x}. These captive-air experiments under natural irradiation were carried out. Typically, eight chambers were filled with Mexico city air in the morning. In some of those chambers, the initial HC and/or Nox concentrations were varied by {+-}25% to {+-}50% by adding various combinations of a mixture of HC, clean air, or NO{sub x} (perturbed chambers). The O{sub 3} and NO{sub x} concentration in each chamber was monitored throughout the day to determine O{sub 3} (max). The initial HC and NO{sub x} concentration effects were determined by comparing the maximum ozone concentrations measured in the perturbed and unperturbed chambers. Ozone isopleths were constructed from the empirical model obtained of measurements of the eight chambers and plotted in a graph whose axe were the initial HC and NO{sub x} values. For the average initial conditions that were measured in Mexico City, it was found that the most efficient strategy to reduce the maximum concentration of O{sub 3} is the one that reduces NO{sub x}. [Spanish] Se realizaron experimentos de camaras de esmog con el aire de la ciudad de Mexico para determinar las respuestas de los niveles maximos de ozono a los cambios en las concentraciones iniciales de hidrocarburos, HC y oxido de nitrogeno, NO{sub x}. Por lo general, se llenaron 8 bolsas con aire matutino de la Ciudad de Mexico. En algunas camaras, las concentraciones iniciales fueron cambiadas de 25% a 50%, anadiendo varias concentraciones de una mezcla de HC, aire limpio y/o NO{sub x}. La concentracion de O{sub 3} y NO{sub x}, en cada camara, fueron monitoreadas a lo largo del dia para determinar el maximo de O{sub 3}. El efecto de los HC y el NO{sub x} fue determinado por comparacion del maximo de ozono formado en las camaras, que fueron perturbadas por adicion o reduccion de HC y/o Nox

Psychology in Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Ruiz, Eleonora Rubio

2011-01-01

The first formal psychology course taught in Mexico was in 1896 at Mexico's National University; today, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM in Spanish). The modern psychology from Europe and the US in the late 19th century were the primary influences of Mexican psychology, as well as psychoanalysis and both clinical and experimental…

Environmental evaluation of fluoride in drinking water at "Los Altos de Jalisco," in the central Mexico region.

Science.gov (United States)

Hurtado, Roberto; Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge

Naturally occurring fluoride has been detected and quantified in drinking water in several cities of the "Los Altos de Jalisco" (LAJ) region. LAJ is located in the northeastern part of the state of Jalisco-Mexico, covering an area of 16,410 km2 with a population of 696,318 in 20 municipalities. Drinking water comes mainly from groundwater aquifers, located in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, which is a volcanic region characterized by hydrothermal activity. Results indicated that water supply from 42% of the municipalities had a fluoride concentration over the Mexican standards of 1.5 mg/L. It is important to notice that there are three cities, Lagos de Moreno (1.66-5.88 mg/L F(-)), Teocaltiche (3.82-18.58 mg/L F(-)), and Encarnación de Díaz (2.58-4.40 mg/L F(-)) where all water samples resulted in fluoride concentration over the maximum contaminant level. The total population from these three cities is over 122,000 inhabitants. Another important city with high levels of fluoride in the water supply was Tepatitlán de Morelos (2 wells with 6.54 and 13.47 mg/L F(-)). In addition to water supply, 30 samples of brand-name bottled water were tested. Surprisingly, 8 samples (27%) demonstrated fluoride level over the standards, mainly Agua de Lagos with 5.27 mg/L. Fluoridated table salt (200-300 mg/kg F(-)) is another important source of fluoride. A large number of people living in the region, mainly school children, might be under adverse health risk because they are consuming contaminated drinking water. It is well known that long-term exposure to water with high levels of fluoride produces severe health problems.

The factors for the competitiveness in the supply of natural gas; Los factores para la competitividad en la oferta del gas natural

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Escobar Toledo, Carlos; Aguirre Portillo, Alejandro [Facultad de Quimica, UNAM (Mexico)

1996-07-01

The environmental restrictions have caused an increasing demand of natural gas on world-wide scale. In this paper the analysis of the present situation of the natural gas in Mexico and throughout the world is presented, taking into account the structure of the production costs of the natural gas in the reservoirs, as well as the transportation and distribution costs destined to the natural gas consumption in specific markets. It is possible to emphasize that at the moment the transportation of this power source is more expensive than the corresponding one of the crude and of the oil-producing products obtained from oil refinement. [Spanish] Las restricciones medioambientales han provocado una creciente demanda de gas natural a escala mundial. En este trabajo se presenta un analisis de la situacion actual del gas natural en Mexico y en el mundo entero, tomando en cuenta la estructura de los costos de produccion del gas natural en los yacimientos, asi como los costos de transporte y distribucion destinados al consumo de gas natural en mercados especificos. Cabe destacar que actualmente el transporte de esta fuente energetica es mas caro que el correspondiente al crudo y a los productos petroliferos obtenidos de la refinacion de aquel.

2000 Census 3-Digit ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) for Los Alamos County, New Mexico, 2006se TIGER

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — The 2006 Second Edition TIGER/Line files are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the Census TIGER database. The geographic coverage...

2000 Census 5-Digit ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) for Los Alamos County, New Mexico, 2006se TIGER

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — The 2006 Second Edition TIGER/Line files are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the Census TIGER database. The geographic coverage...

Blood pressure control, hypertension, awareness, and treatment in adults with diabetes in the United States-Mexico border region Control de la presión arterial, hipertensión, concientización y tratamiento en adultos con diabetes de la zona fronteriza entre México y los Estados Unidos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maya Vijayaraghavan

2010-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVE: To determine prevalence of blood pressure control, hypertension, hypertension awareness, and antihypertensive treatment among adults (> 18 years old with diabetes living in the border region between the United States of America and Mexico, and to explore variation in those variables between all adults on the Mexican side of the border ("Mexicans" and three groups on the U.S. side of the border ("all U.S. adults," "U.S.-born Hispanics," and "Mexican immigrants". METHODS: Using data from Phase I (February 2001-October 2002 of the U.S.-Mexico Border Diabetes Prevention and Control Project, a prevalence study of type 2 diabetes and its risk factors, age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension-related variables was calculated for the sample (n = 682 and differences between the border groups were examined through logistic regression. RESULTS: Less than one-third of the sample had controlled blood pressure (140/90 mm Hg, and hypertension awareness and treatment were inadequate. After adjusting for demographics, body mass index, and access to health care, there were no differences in blood pressure control, hypertension, hypertension awareness, or treatment between Mexicans and both U.S. adults and Mexican immigrants. However, compared to Mexicans and Mexican immigrants, U.S.-born Hispanics, particularly younger individuals, had the lowest rates of blood pressure control (17.3% and the highest rates of coexisting hypertension (54.8%. Compared to Mexicans, U.S.-born Hispanics had lower odds of controlled blood pressure (odds ratio [OR] 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09-0.95 and greater odds of hypertension (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.51-9.29 and hypertension awareness (OR 6.19, 95% CI 1.46-26.15. CONCLUSION: Co-occurrence of diabetes and hypertension is a major public health problem among U.S.-Mexico border residents. The low rate of blood pressure control among various border groups, especially younger U.S.-born Hispanics, suggests that initiatives

Mercado farmacéutico en México: tamaño, valor y concentración The pharmaceutical market in Mexico: size, value, and concentration

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandra Torres Guerra

2009-07-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Caracterizar el mercado de medicamentos de México en cuanto a su tamaño, organización, poder de mercado de las empresas y capacidad de negociación de los consumidores. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo a partir de los datos de los Censos Económicos de 2004 y los informes de Intercontinental Marketing Services. Se obtuvieron los montos y volúmenes de ventas de las empresas del sector farmacéutico mexicano de 2002 a 2005 y se calcularon el índice de Herfindahl-Hirschman (IHH y su inverso como indicadores del grado de concentración del mercado, así como la elasticidad del precio por un producto índice. RESULTADOS: El valor total de los productos elaborados por el sector farmacéutico fue de 115 mil millones en pesos de 2006, de los que 99,0% correspondió a las empresas clasificadas como grandes. Este monto representó 1,2% del producto interno bruto nacional de ese año (20,0% de la participación del sector salud, estimada en 6,0% y 3,9% del valor de los productos de manufactura. El IHH del mercado farmacéutico mexicano en el período analizado fue de alrededor de 0,04, aunque con una reducción sostenida, y su inverso se redujo de 23 a 26. La elasticidad del precio de los productos farmacéuticos entre 2003 y 2005 fue mínima (0,007, 0,003 y -0,002. CONCLUSIONES: Este trabajo constituye una primera caracterización del mercado farmacéutico mexicano, uno de los sectores más dinámicos de la economía nacional. Se comprobó que se trata de un mercado oligopólico e inelástico, por lo que se justifica la creación de mecanismos regulatorios más sólidos que reduzcan el poder de los productores en favor de los consumidores.OBJECTIVES: To describe the pharmaceutical drug market in Mexico in terms of its size, structure, business' market power, and consumer negotiating power. METHODS: A descriptive study based on data from the 2004 Economics Census and the reports of IMS Health, Inc. (Norwalk, Connecticut, United States of

Differences in health symptoms among residents living near illegal dump sites in Los Laureles Canyon, Tijuana, Mexico: a cross sectional survey.

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Delaimy, Wael K; Larsen, Catherine Wood; Pezzoli, Keith

2014-09-15

Living near landfills is a known health hazard prompting recognition of environmental injustice. The study aim was to compare self-reported symptoms of ill health among residents of four neighborhoods, living in haphazardly constructed settlements surrounded by illegal dumpsites in Tijuana, Mexico. One adult from each of 388 households located in Los Laureles Canyon were interviewed about demographics, health status, and symptoms. Distance from each residence to both the nearest dumpsite and the canyon bottom was assessed. The neighborhoods were selected from locations within the canyon, and varied with respect to proximity to dump sites. Residents of San Bernardo reported significantly higher frequencies of ill-health symptoms than the other neighborhoods, including extreme fatigue (OR 3.01 (95% CI 1.6-5.5)), skin problems/irritations (OR 2.73 (95% CI 1.3-5.9)), stomach discomfort (OR 2.47 (1.3-4.8)), eye irritation/tears (OR 2.02 (1.2-3.6)), and confusion/difficulty concentrating (OR 2.39 (1.2-4.8)). Proximity to dumpsites did not explain these results, that varied only slightly when adjusted for distance to nearest dumpsite or distance to the canyon bottom. Because San Bernardo has no paved roads, we hypothesize that dust and the toxicants it carries is a possible explanation for this difference. Studies are needed to further document this association and sources of toxicants.

Proceedings of the 7 Annual conference of the Mexican association for the energy economy. The energy sector in Mexico: challenges and solutions. [Selected papers]; 7. Conferencia anual de la asociacion mexicana para la economia energetica. El sector energia en Mexico: retos y soluciones

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2004-07-01

The Mexican Association for the Energy Economy (AMEE) had its VII annual conference, The energy sector in Mexico: challenges and solutions, in October, 2004. Some of the expounded topics are: technical and environmental aspects of the combined cycle power stations; analysis of the generation of electric power across biogas from sanitary landfills in Mexico; cogeneration in large power plants; methodologies for the calculation of relative efficiency: description and application of natural gas distributors in Latin American and others. [Spanish] La Asociacion Mexicana para la Economia Energetica A. C. (AMEE), llevo acabo su VII conferencia anual El sector energia en Mexico: retos y soluciones, en octubre del 2004. Algunos de los temas tratados son: Aspectos tecnicos y medioambientales de las centrales de ciclo combinado con gasificacion integrada; Analisis de la generacion de energia electrica a traves de biogas procedente de rellenos sanitarios en Mexico; Cogeneracion en grandes centrales de proceso; Metodologias para el calculo de eficiencia relativa: descripcion y aplicacion para distribuidores de gas natural en Latinoamerica y otros.

The seduction of models. Chinampa agriculture in Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Chapin, M

1988-01-01

Considerable excitement accompanied Mexico's plan in the mid-1970s to build "Chinampas," in the swampy region of Veracruz and Tabasco, that is, agriculture involving the construction of raised farming beds in shallow lakes or marshes. The plan was devised by Mexico's Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Bioticos (INIREB). Perfected by the inhabitants of the Valley of Mexico before the Spanish Conquest, chinampas had nearly vanished except in a few isolated and shrinking areas around Mexico City. The chinampas have been steadily constricted in recent years as Mexico City has extended out and swallowed the best known of them, Xochimilco. The introduction of chinampa technology in Tucta, a Chontal village of approximately 300 families in 1978, began on a grand scale. The INI's objectives for the project were: to provide the landless Chontale Indians with permanent employment; to bring about self-sufficient food production in the area; to ensure a constant production of vegetables for the internal market of Villahermosa; to strengthen indigenous cultural identity; and to develop a real alternative for the incorporation of swampland into productive activities. In 1979, INIREB became involved in a 2nd chinampa project in the "ejido" of El Castillo, Veracruz. El Castillo was selected as an experimental project site because of the lake as well as the village's proximity to INIREB's central office in Xalapa, rather than community interest in chinampas. The examples of chinampa technology transfer presented had different outcomes, but they shared several crucial defects. In both cases, the stated and unstated objectives of project managers had little fit with the interests and needs of the farmers. The 2 projects were designed and implemented by outside technicians without significant local participation, and both rapidly fell apart when "beneficiaries" failed to cooperate. The Chontal case is notable because, after a series of failures, it finally worked

Negotiating Formal Membership in Mexico and the United States: The case of Federations of Mexican Hometown Associations in Los Angeles County

OpenAIRE

Noriega Gonzalez, Veronica

2015-01-01

This study focuses on how Mexican Federations of HTAs have negotiated their formal membership in Mexico and the United States. In Mexico, migrants’ market citizenship opened the channels of communication between Federations of HTAs, and the Mexican government. Once those channels were established; HTA Federation leaders were able to negotiate their passage from market to formal membership. In the case of the United States, HTA Federations have advocated for a formal inclusion in the United St...

Equipment to evaluate in experimental form the thermal conductivity of the construction materials; Equipo para evaluar en forma experimental el coeficiente de conductividad termica de los materiales de construccion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopez C, Raymundo; Morales G, Juan R.; Diaz C, Alen; Lizardi R, Arturo [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico); Vaca M, Mabel [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2001-04-01

An equipment meant to obtain the thermal conductivity coefficient was designed, constructed and evaluated. Convection losses in the experimental device were reduced by means of a vacuum chamber that wraps it. Conduction losses were minimized with the proper insulation. The tested materials are the most frequently used in the construction of buildings in Mexico, such as concrete, burnt brick, adobe and gypsum. Results observed are comparable to those reported in the literature. The essays done using the vacuum chamber produced values of thermal conductivity coefficient 3% lower than those obtained without using it. [Spanish] Se diseno, construyo y evaluo un equipo, con el cual se obtiene el coeficiente de conductividad termica en diversos materiales. En este se reducen las perdidas por conveccion, colocando una camara de vacio alrededor del conjunto de prueba. Las perdidas por conduccion se minimizan con un aislamiento adecuado. Los materiales evaluados son los que mas se utilizan en la construccion en Mexico, a saber, el concreto, el ladrillo cocido, el adobe y el yeso. Los valores obtenidos, sin considerar las perdidas por conveccion, se comparan con los de la literatura. Los ensayos utilizando la camara de vacio proporcionan valores del coeficiente de conductividad termica menores en 3% a los obtenidos sin dicha camara.

Prevalence of Substance Use Among Patients of Community Health Centers in East Los Angeles and Tijuana.

Science.gov (United States)

Gelberg, Lillian; Natera Rey, Guillermina; Andersen, Ronald M; Arroyo, Miriam; Bojorquez-Chapela, Ietza; Rico, Melvin W; Vahidi, Mani; Yacenda-Murphy, Julia; Arangua, Lisa; Serota, Martin

2017-02-23

Given the increased use of psychoactive substances on the United States-Mexico border, a binational study (Tijuana, Mexico-Los Angeles, USA) was conducted to identify the prevalence of substance use in primary care settings. To compare the prevalence and characteristics of patients at risk for substance use disorders in Tijuana and East Los Angeles (LA) community clinics with special attention paid to drug use. This was an observational, cross-sectional, analytical study, comparing substance use screening results from patients in Tijuana and LA. The settings were 2 community clinics in LA and 6 in Tijuana. Participants were 2,507 adult patients in LA and 2,890 in Tijuana eligible for WHO Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) screening during March-October 2013. Patients anonymously self-administered the WHO ASSIST on a tablet PC in the clinic waiting rooms. Of eligible patients, 96.4% completed the ASSIST in Tijuana and 88.7% in LA (mean 1.34 minutes and 4.20 minutes, respectively). The prevalence of patients with moderate-to-high substance use was higher in LA than Tijuana for each substance: drugs 19.4% vs. 5.7%, alcohol 15.2% vs. 6.5%, tobacco 20.4% vs. 16.2%. LA patients born in Mexico had 2x the odds and LA patients born in the United States had 6x the odds of being a moderate-to-high drug user compared to Tijuana patients born in Mexico. Moderate-to-high drug use is higher in LA than in Tijuana but rates are sufficiently high in both to suggest that screening for drug use (along with alcohol and tobacco use) should be integrated into routine primary care of community clinics in both cities.

75 FR 28555 - Executive Green ICT & Energy Efficiency Trade Mission to Mexico City, Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-21

... Trade Mission to Mexico City, Mexico AGENCY: International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce... Trade Mission to Mexico City from September 27-29, 2010. This Executive led mission will focus on... & Energy Efficiency conference will take place at the World Trade Center in Mexico City. Relevant issues on...

Opportunity for America: Mexico`s coal future

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Loose, V.W.

1993-09-01

This study examines the history, current status and future prospects for increased coal use in Mexico. Environmental implications of the power-generation capacity expansion plans are examined in general terms. Mexican environmental law and regulations are briefly reviewed along with the new sense of urgency in the cleanup of existing environmental problems and avoidance of new problems as clearly mandated in recent Mexican government policy initiatives. It is expected that new capital facilities will need to incorporate the latest in process and technology to comply with existing environmental regulation. Technology developments which address these issues are identified. What opportunities have new initiatives caused by the recent diversification of Mexico`s energy economy offered US firms? This report looks at the potential future use of coal in the Mexican energy economy, examining this issue with an eye toward identifying markets that might be available to US coal producers and the best way to approach them. Market opportunities are identified by examining new developments in the Mexican economy generally and the energy economy particularly. These developments are examined in light of the current situation and the history which brought Mexico to its present status.

Incrementalismo presupuestal en México: Un análisis de los programas presupuestarios del PEF 2010-2015

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriela Tapia Téllez

2016-12-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se analizan los programas Presupuestarios de 43 Ramos del Presupuesto de Egresos de la Federación (PEF en México en el periodo 2010-2015. El propósito es conocer más sobre la política pública por ramo en nuestro país vía el análisis de la inercia presupuestaria. Lo anterior se lleva a cabo mediante tres aproximaciones. 1. La identificación del número de programas nuevos que genera cada Ramo anualmente. 2. El análisis del presupuesto asignado a estos nuevos programas cada año. 3. La variación total del presupuesto por ramo año con año con base en el criterio Le Loup y Moreland (1978. Entre los aspectos a destacar, los cinco más importantes son: que los ramos más incrementales son también los que concentran la parte más importante del presupuesto en México; segundo, la inercia que se observa en el presupuesto destinado a la salud, sobre todo en el IMSS, el ISSSTE y Aportaciones a Seguridad Social; tercero, la inercia que se observa en el presupuesto de las entidades de control directo y empresas estatales; cuarto, la innovación que se observa en las áreas del presupuesto relacionadas con temas de educación, medio ambiente y territorio y; finalmente, la ausencia de un rediseño de los programas presupuestarios de los ramos vinculado con resultados de evaluación y satisfacción de los usuarios con los servicios. Budgetary incrementalism in Mexico: An analysis of budget programs of the Federal National Budget 2010-2015 In this article we analyze the budget programs of 43 departments of the Federal National Budget (Presupuesto de Egresos de la Federación, PEF in Mexico in 2010-2015. The purpose is to know more about public policy by department in our country by the analysis of budgetary inertia. The above is carried out by three approaches. 1. Identification of the number of new programs generated by each department annually. 2. Analysis of the budget allocated to these new programs each year. 3. The total

Factors Associated with Depression Among Mexican Americans Living in U.S.-Mexico Border and Non-Border Areas.

Science.gov (United States)

Vaeth, Patrice A C; Caetano, Raul; Mills, Britain A

2016-08-01

Factors associated with CES-D depression among Mexican Americans living on and off the U.S.-Mexico border are examined. Data are from two studies of Mexican American adults. The Border Survey conducted face-to-face interviews in urban U.S.-Mexico border counties of California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas (N = 1307). The non-border HABLAS survey conducted face-to-face interviews in Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, and Miami (N = 1288). Both surveys used a multistage cluster sample design with response rates of 67 and 76 %, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that border residence and higher perceived neighborhood collective efficacy were protective for depression among men. Among men, lower education, unemployment, increased weekly drinking, and poor health status were associated with depression. Among women, alcohol-related problems and poorer health status were also associated with depression. Further examinations of how neighborhood perceptions vary by gender and how these perceptions influence the likelihood of depression are warranted.

1992 Annual performance report for Environmental Monitoring and Oversight at Department of Energy facilities in New Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1992-12-31

In October 1990 an Agreement-in-Principle (AIP) was entered into between the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the State of New Mexico for the purpose of supporting State oversight activities at DOE facilities in New Mexico. The State`s lead agency for the Agreement is the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED). DOE has agreed to provide the State with resources over a five year period to support State activities in environmental oversight, monitoring, access and emergency response to ensure compliance with applicable federal, state, and local laws at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), and the Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute (ITRI). The Agreement is designed to assure the citizens of New Mexico that public health, safety and the environment are being protected through existing programs; DOE is in compliance with applicable laws and regulations; DOE has made substantial new commitments; cleanup and compliance activities have been prioritized; and a vigorous program of independent monitoring and oversight by the State is underway. This report relates the quality and effectiveness of the facilities` environmental monitoring and surveillance programs. This report satisfies that requirement for the January--December 1992 time frame.

1992 Annual performance report for Environmental Monitoring and Oversight at Department of Energy facilities in New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1992-01-01

In October 1990 an Agreement-in-Principle (AIP) was entered into between the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the State of New Mexico for the purpose of supporting State oversight activities at DOE facilities in New Mexico. The State's lead agency for the Agreement is the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED). DOE has agreed to provide the State with resources over a five year period to support State activities in environmental oversight, monitoring, access and emergency response to ensure compliance with applicable federal, state, and local laws at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), and the Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute (ITRI). The Agreement is designed to assure the citizens of New Mexico that public health, safety and the environment are being protected through existing programs; DOE is in compliance with applicable laws and regulations; DOE has made substantial new commitments; cleanup and compliance activities have been prioritized; and a vigorous program of independent monitoring and oversight by the State is underway. This report relates the quality and effectiveness of the facilities' environmental monitoring and surveillance programs. This report satisfies that requirement for the January--December 1992 time frame

A review of eating disorders research in Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Unikel, Claudia; Bojorquez, Ietza

2007-02-01

The objective of this paper is to summarize research findings on eating disorders and the current state of the field in Mexico. Papers published in indexed journals and graduate dissertations were retrieved, using "eating disorders," "anorexia nervosa," "bulimia nervosa," "body image," "binge eating," "restrained eating," "weight and shape concern," and "dieting" as keywords. These were combined with the Boolean operator "AND" with "Mexico" and "Latin America." Findings are presented for epidemiology, the validity of assessment instruments, comorbidity, and risk factors. A national representative survey found a prevalence of 1.8% for bulimia nervosa, and no cases of anorexia nervosa. However, the lack of studies with confirmatory clinical interview and other national or regional representative samples makes it difficult to reach conclusions about the actual prevalence. A number of instruments for the detection of eating disorders and disordered eating have been validated for the Mexican population. The comorbidity of eating disorders in Mexico includes drug and alcohol abuse, obesity, and borderline personality disorder. Risk factors found included body weight and cultural pressure to be thin. Future lines of research should include epidemiological studies with representative samples and diagnosis confirmation, longitudinal studies, and the exploration of protective and risk factors specific to this population. We want to acknowledge Dr Richard A. Gordon's encouragement to write this manuscript and his accurate comments on its preliminary and final versions. We also want to thank the participants of the seminar on publications held at the Office of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Studies of the National Institute of Psychiatry for the comments they made to this article. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de resumir los hallazgos de investigación sobre los trastornos alimentarios y el estado actual del campo en México. Se recuperó la obra publicada en revistas

The youths in the impulse of the nuclear energy in Mexico; Los jovenes en el impulso de la energia nuclear en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Contreras R, A. [ININ, Departamento de Tecnologia de Materiales, Carretera Mexico-Toluca s/n, 52750 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Sanchez J, J., E-mail: aida.contreras@inin.gob.mx [Comision Nacional de Seguridad Nuclear y Salvaguardias, Dr. Jose Ma. Barragan No. 779, Col. Narvarte, 03020 Mexico D. F. (Mexico)

2013-10-15

Around the world the industry and the nuclear development have taken a very important paper in different boundaries like: the medicine, the research, the industry and the electric power generation. However, during the decade of the 90s the technology and the nuclear industry had suffered a decrement in their popularity. After the accident of the nuclear power plant of Chernobyl and the most recent event in the nuclear power plant of Fukushima this popularity has been affected. For all this is that the work of informing to the people on the peaceful uses of the nuclear energy taking relevance. Visualizing this necessity the Young Association for the Nuclear Energy in Mexico, is founded in March 8, 2003 having a mission: To unite the enthusiastic youths professionals and students that believe in the development of the research and that they want to work in a joined way in the problems involved with the technological and scientific development of the country in the nuclear ambit, as well as in their personal achievement. The association has always impelled the related topics with the nuclear development in Mexico and in the world, imparting courses and chats in several universities and institutions, by means of a simple language to be able to go to children and the people in general. In the diffusion work that carries out the association, has an important collaboration and representation with the Mexican Nuclear Society, the North American Young Generation in Nuclear, the International Youth Nuclear Congress and the World Nuclear University. (Author)

Comparative distribution of plutonium in contaminated ecosystems at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Los Alamos, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dahlman, R.C.; Garten, C.T. Jr.; Hakonson, T.E.

1980-01-01

The distribution of plutonium was compared in portions of forest ecosystems at Oak Ridge, TN, and Los Alamos, NM, which were contaminated by liquid effluents. Inventories of plutonium in soil at the two sites were generally similar, but a larger fraction of the plutonium was associated with biota at Los Alamos than at Oak Ridge. Most (99.7 to 99.9%) of the plutonium was present in the soil, and very little (0.1 to 0.3%) was in biotic components. Comparative differences in distributions within the two ecosystems appeared to be related to individual contamination histories and greater physical transport of plutonium in soil to biotic surfaces at Los Alamos

Plan for increasing public participation in cleanup decisions for the Los Alamos National Laboratory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1995-01-01

This document describes a plan for involving the public in decisions related to cleaning up sites suspected of being contaminated with chemicals or radioactivity at Los Alamos National Laboratory. In this section we describe the purpose of the Environmental Remediation Project, our past efforts to communicate with the northern New Mexico community, and the events that brought about our realization that less traditional, more innovative approaches to public involvement are needed

Plan for increasing public participation in cleanup decisions for the Los Alamos National Laboratory

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1995-01-01

This document describes a plan for involving the public in decisions related to cleaning up sites suspected of being contaminated with chemicals or radioactivity at Los Alamos National Laboratory. In this section we describe the purpose of the Environmental Remediation Project, our past efforts to communicate with the northern New Mexico community, and the events that brought about our realization that less traditional, more innovative approaches to public involvement are needed.

The Los Alamos Space Science Outreach (LASSO) Program

Science.gov (United States)

Barker, P. L.; Skoug, R. M.; Alexander, R. J.; Thomsen, M. F.; Gary, S. P.

2002-12-01

The Los Alamos Space Science Outreach (LASSO) program features summer workshops in which K-14 teachers spend several weeks at LANL learning space science from Los Alamos scientists and developing methods and materials for teaching this science to their students. The program is designed to provide hands-on space science training to teachers as well as assistance in developing lesson plans for use in their classrooms. The program supports an instructional model based on education research and cognitive theory. Students and teachers engage in activities that encourage critical thinking and a constructivist approach to learning. LASSO is run through the Los Alamos Science Education Team (SET). SET personnel have many years of experience in teaching, education research, and science education programs. Their involvement ensures that the teacher workshop program is grounded in sound pedagogical methods and meets current educational standards. Lesson plans focus on current LANL satellite projects to study the solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere. LASSO is an umbrella program for space science education activities at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) that was created to enhance the science and math interests and skills of students from New Mexico and the nation. The LASSO umbrella allows maximum leveraging of EPO funding from a number of projects (and thus maximum educational benefits to both students and teachers), while providing a format for the expression of the unique science perspective of each project.

Current status and future trends of medical physics in Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Azorin Nieto, J.

2015-01-01

Medical Physics is an area that applies the principles of physics to medicine, particularly in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases using ionizing and nonionizing radiation. The main attractive of medical physics is that it has a direct impact on the quality and safety of medical care in humans; this social component with direct implications for the population is of high value for Mexico. This paper describes the concepts of medical physics, trends and the current status of this discipline as a profession, which is directly related to the efforts of clinical research. It is also described what is, in my opinion, the future of medical physics in Mexico, emphasizing the fact that this field requires a substantial boost from universities and hospitals to recruit highly qualified young medical physicists and the support from government agencies such as Secretaria de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social and Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado through clinical research projects that allow the necessary evolution of medical physics into the hospital setting.

Current status and future trends of medical physics in Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nieto, J Azorin

2015-01-01

Medical Physics is an area that applies the principles of physics to medicine, particularly in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases using ionizing and nonionizing radiation. The main attractive of medical physics is that it has a direct impact on the quality and safety of medical care in humans; this social component with direct implications for the population is of high value for Mexico. This paper describes the concepts of medical physics, trends and the current status of this discipline as a profession, which is directly related to the efforts of clinical research. It is also described what is, in my opinion, the future of medical physics in Mexico, emphasizing the fact that this field requires a substantial boost from universities and hospitals to recruit highly qualified young medical physicists and the support from government agencies such as Secretaria de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social and Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado through clinical research projects that allow the necessary evolution of medical physics into the hospital setting

Steam saving during maintenance of the 50-MW Unit 7 at Los Azufres geothermal field, Michoacan; Ahorro de vapor durante el mantenimiento de la Unidad 7 de 50 MW en el campo geotermico de Los Azufres, Michoacan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Medina Barajas, Elvia Nohemi; Ruiz Lemus, Alejandro [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Gerencia de Proyectos Geotermoelectricos, Residencia de Los Azufres, Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico)]. E-mail: elvia-medina@cfe.gob.mx

2011-07-15

Commercial-steam production in the southern area of Los Azufres, Mich., Mexico, Geothermal Field began in 1982 with the operation of Unit 2, the backpressure 5-MW unit, and continued in 1988 when the 50-MW condensing Unit 7 was commissioned. Today to supply steam to Unit 7, it is necessary to gather steam from 15 production wells, amounting 450 tons per hour (t/h) under operating conditions. During maintenance periods for Unit 7, production wells are removed from the steam-supply system but continue producing steam that is discharged to the atmosphere-a loss affecting the economic life of the geothermal reservoir. Therefore several actions have been proposed and tried to save the steam and preserve the geothermal resource. This paper presents the results of the actions and the technical and economic benefits obtained from them. [Spanish] La produccion de vapor con fines comerciales en la zona sur del campo geotermico de Los Azufres, Mich., Mexico, empezo en 1982 con la puesta en marcha de la Unidad 2 de 5 MW a contrapresion, para continuar en 1988 con la Unidad 7 de 50 MW a condensacion. Para cumplir con el suministro de vapor a la U-7, a la fecha es necesario integrar la produccion de 15 pozos productores, que producen un total de 450 toneladas por hora (t/h) a condiciones de operacion. Durante los periodos de mantenimiento de la U-7 los pozos son desintegrados del sistema de suministro, pero continuan produciendo vapor, el cual es descargado a la atmosfera sin ningun provecho, lo que representa una perdida que afecta la vida util del yacimiento geotermico. Por ello se han propuesto y aplicado diversas acciones operativas en cada uno de esos pozos con el objetivo de ahorrar vapor y preservar el recurso geotermico. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de esas acciones y los beneficios tecnicos y economicos obtenidos.

Using noble gases and 87Sr/86Sr to constrain heat sources and fluid evolution at the Los Azufres Geothermal Field, Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Wen, T.; Pinti, D. L.; Castro, M. C.; Lopez Hernandez, A.; Hall, C. M.; Shouakar-Stash, O.; Sandoval-Medina, F.

2017-12-01

Geothermal wells and hot springs were sampled for noble gases' volume fraction and isotopic measurements and 87Sr/86Sr in the Los Azufres Geothermal Field (LAGF), Mexico, to understand the evolution of fluid circulation following three decades of exploitation and re-injection of used brines. The LAGF, divided into the Southern Production Zone (SPZ) and the Northern Production Zone (NPZ), is hosted in a Miocene to Pliocene andesitic volcanic complex covered by Quaternary rhyolitic-dacitic units. Air contamination corrected 3He/4He ratios (Rc) normalized to the atmospheric ratio (Ra=1.384 x 10-6), show a median value of 6.58 indicating a dominant mantle helium component. Contributions of crustal helium up to 53% and 18% are observed in NPZ and SPZ, respectively. Observations based on Rc/Ra and 87Sr/86Sr ratios points to the mixing of three magmatic sources supplying mantle helium to the LAGF: (1) a pure mantle He (Rc/Ra = 8) and Sr (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7035) source; (2) a pure mantle helium (Rc/Ra = 8) with some radiogenic Sr (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7049) source possibly resulting from Quaternary rhyolitic volcanism; and (3) a fossil mantle He component (Rc/Ra = 3.8) with some radiogenic Sr (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7038), corresponding possibly to the Miocene andesite reservoir. Intrusions within the last 50 kyrs from sources (1) and (2) are likely responsible for the addition of mantle volatiles and heat to the hydrothermal system of Los Azufres. He and Ar isotopes indicate that heat flow is transported by both convection and conduction. Atmospheric noble gas elemental ratios suggest that geothermal wells located closer to the western re-injection zone are beginning to be dominated by re-injection of used brines (injectate). The area affected by boiling in LAGF has further extended to the north and west since the last noble gas sampling campaign in 2009.

Presencia del virus del oeste del Nilo en el noreste de México Presence of west Nile virus in northeast Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ildefonso Fernández-Salas

2007-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Detectar la presencia del virus del oeste del Nilo (VON en aves, equinos y seres humanos en el noreste de México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se buscó en diferentes localidades del noreste de México la presencia de anticuerpos antivirus del oeste del Nilo (anti-VON en suero de 33 aves, 24 caballos y 237 personas mediante pruebas de ELISA durante el periodo de julio de 2003 a julio de 2006. En los sueros humanos se buscó también el RNA-VON mediante RT-PCR. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron tres aves seropositivas y 15 equinos. En el hombre, 40% de los sueros fue positivo para anticuerpos IgG y ninguno para anticuerpos IgM. CONCLUSIONES: El VON se encuentra activo en México y se suma a otras enfermedades emergentes transmitidas por vectores que representan un reto a la investigación y a los programas de prevención.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of WNV in birds, horses and humans in northeast Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Serum samples from 33 birds, 24 horses and 237 humans were screened by ELISA for Anti-WNV antibodies. Human serum samples were also screened for WNV RNA using an RT-PCR assay. RESULTS: Positive sera were found in three birds and 15 horses. Forty percent of the human serum samples were positive for IgG antibodies and 0% for IgM antibodies and viral RNA. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that WNV is present in northeast Mexico and it is a new emergent infectious agent that represents a challenge for research and prevention programs in Mexico.

U.S.-Mexico energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1991-05-01

This paper reports that while Mexico's petrochemical industry has grown rapidly, it now faces shortages both in investment funds and in supplies of basic petrochemicals due to a financial crisis in the 1980s. Mexico has undertaken a series of policy reforms aimed at encouraging foreign and private investment, but these efforts have generally failed to entice U.S. investment in Mexico. U.S. petrochemical companies have cited unfavorable market conditions, insufficient basic petrochemical capacity in Mexico, concern about the reversibility of Mexican reforms, inadequate Mexican protection of intellectual property rights, and lack of investment protection for U.S. businesses as impediments to investment in Mexico. Cooperation between the two nations in overcoming these obstacles could help U.S. petrochemical companies maintain their positions in a competitive global market, while at the same time provide Mexico with much needed capital investment and technological expertise

On the vertical distribution of pollutants in Mexico City

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Perez Vidal, H. [Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, Division Academica de Ciencias Basicas, Tabasco (Mexico); Raga, G. B. [Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, UNAM, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

1998-04-01

Mexico se estudia en este trabajo utilizando una base de datos obtenidos por un avion meteorologico instrumentado durante una campana de muestreo en febrero de 1991. Estos datos constituyen una base unica en Mexico y permiten conocer la estructura vertical de la capa limite y de especies contaminantes que no han sido presentadas anteriormente. Los resultados obtenidos en cuanto a la evolucion y estructura de la capa de mezcla indican que su altura pasa de 100 m a las 8 de la manana a mas de 2000 m sobre el nivel de la superficie a las 5 de la tarde. Los resultados consistentemente presentan que el maximo en la concentracion de ozono no se observa en superficie, sino a una altura de 700 m por encima de ella cerca del mediodia. Este pico, con una concentracion promedio durante el periodo observacional de 167 ppb, parece ser un resultado transitorio, dado que las concentraciones se homogeneizan en la vertical por la tarde. Los perfiles verticales de oxido de nitrogeno y de bioxido de azufre indican que las concentraciones son maximas durante la manana y decrecen uniformemente con la altura, sugiriendo que las fuentes para estas especies estan en la superficie, como era de esperar. No parece haber una correlacion entre el contenido de oxidos de nitrogeno observado durante los sondeos de la manana (durante el despegue del avion) y la concentracion de ozono observada durante el aterrizaje (2 o 3 horas mas tarde). Cuando las variables son normalizadas por la altura de la capa de mezcla, los resultados indican que el ozono es independiente de la concentracion de oxidos de nitrogeno observada durante el despegue. El rango de valores del cociente entre el ozono acumulado en la capa de mezcla y la altura de esa capa no es amplio. Las particulas de aerosol cerca de la superficie presentan su maxima concentracion durante la manana, pero durante el transcurso del dia, hay un marcado incremento en la concentracion mas arriba en la capa de mezcla, sugiriendo que posiblemente la

Recursos disponibles para el tratamiento del cáncer de mama en México Available resources for the treatment of breast cancer in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alejandro Mohar

2009-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Describir los recursos existentes para el tratamiento del cáncer de mama en México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se recolectó información de 23 Centros Estatales de Cáncer (CEC, dos hospitales federales y el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Este estudio se realizo en México, DF, en agosto y septiembre del año 2008. RESULTADOS: Los 23 CEC ofrecen atención médica para el cáncer de mama, incluidos cirugía, quimioterapia y radioterapia, todos ellos acreditados por el Seguro Popular. Las cuotas de recuperación se definieron por etapa clínica, desde 27 500 pesos para la etapa clínica cero hasta 480 000 pesos en pacientes con enfermedad avanzada. Se ha atendido a 2 689 pacientes con cáncer de mama; sólo 1% se presentó con carcinoma in situ CONCLUSIONES: Se tiene la infraestructura y los recursos médicos para el óptimo tratamiento, pero los costos son altos debido al diagnóstico tardío. La detección oportuna del cáncer de mama es una prioridad para el óptimo control de esta enfermedad en México.OBJECTIVE: Describe the resources for the treatment of breast cancer in Mexico. METHODS: Information was obtained from 23 Centros Estatales de Cáncer (State Cancer Centers, CEC, two federal hospitals and Cancerología. This study was performed in Mexico City in August/September of 2008. RESULTS: These 23 centers provide medical care for breast cancer including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy; all of them validated by the Seguro Popular. The costs were defined according to clinical stage and ranged from $27,500.00 pesos for clinical stage 0 to $480,00.00 in the advanced stage. A total of 2 689 women with breast cancer have been treated; only 1% was reported with in situ carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: An adequate medical infrastructure is in place to treat breast cancer in Mexico. The costs are high due to late diagnosis of the disease. Early detection of breast cancer is a high priority for optimal control of this disease in Mexico.

The Lost Path: Regulating Transit Illegal Immigration on Mexico’s Southern Border

Science.gov (United States)

2014-12-01

Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, August 2013), 160. 7 George W. Grayson, “Mexico’s Forgotten Southern Border: Does Mexico Practice at Home What...Migraciones en el Sur de México y Centroamérica (Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, 2008), 239. 243 Cervera, “ La Otra Frontera,” 144. 244...Tensiones entre los Derechos Humanos, Ley y Justicia,” in Migraciones en el Sur de México y Centroamérica (Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas

Mexico and Central America.

Science.gov (United States)

Bronfman, M

1998-01-01

This article reviews the literature on migration and HIV/AIDS in Mexico and Central America, including Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama. Most migrants travel to the US through Mexico. US-Mexico trade agreements created opportunities for increased risk of HIV transmission. The research literature focuses on Mexico. Most countries, with the exception of Belize and Costa Rica, are sending countries. Human rights of migrants are violated in transit and at destination. Migration policies determine migration processes. The Mexican-born population in the US is about 3% of US population and 8% of Mexico's population. About 22% arrived during 1992-97, and about 500,000 are naturalized US citizens. An additional 11 million have a Mexican ethnic background. Mexican migrants are usually economically active men who had jobs before leaving and were urban people who settled in California, Texas, Illinois, and Arizona. Most Mexican migrants enter illegally. Many return to Mexico. The main paths of HIV transmission are homosexual, heterosexual, and IV-drug-injecting persons. Latino migrants frequently use prostitutes, adopt new sexual practices including anal penetration among men, greater diversity of sexual partners, and use of injectable drugs.

Los animales como seres sintientes en la Constitución Política de la Ciudad de México

OpenAIRE

Said Castagno, Krizia

2017-01-01

La Ciudad de México proclama en su nueva Constitución que los animales son seres sintientes, y que como tales son merecedores de protección y de un trato digno. Mexico City recognizes in its Constitution that animals are sentient beings and therefore they deserve protection and good treatment.

Site contractor participation in the DOE SWEIS process at Los Alamos, New Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pendergrass, A.; Garvey, D.

1997-12-01

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) prepares site-wide environmental impact statements (SWEIS) on sites that are to remain in operation in order to provide an estimate of the cumulative environmental impacts from projected future operations at the site. DOE has relied on outside contractors rather than the site management and operating (M&O) contractors to prepare EISs, in order to preclude the potential for conflict of interest. The site M&O contractors, who know the potential for conflict of interest. The site M&O contractors, who know the site best and are most familiar with existing information, are critical support for the contractor. The University of California (UC) is the site M&O contractor for Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in Los Alamos, NM. The role of LANL (UC) personnel in DOE`s preparation process for the LANL SWEIS is described. 3 refs.

New Mexico cloud super cooled liquid water survey final report 2009.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beavis, Nick; Roskovensky, John K.; Ivey, Mark D.

2010-02-01

Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories are partners in an effort to survey the super-cooled liquid water in clouds over the state of New Mexico in a project sponsored by the New Mexico Small Business Assistance Program. This report summarizes the scientific work performed at Sandia National Laboratories during the 2009. In this second year of the project a practical methodology for estimating cloud super-cooled liquid water was created. This was accomplished through the analysis of certain MODIS sensor satellite derived cloud products and vetted parameterizations techniques. A software code was developed to analyze multiple cases automatically. The eighty-one storm events identified in the previous year effort from 2006-2007 were again the focus. Six derived MODIS products were obtained first through careful MODIS image evaluation. Both cloud and clear-sky properties from this dataset were determined over New Mexico. Sensitivity studies were performed that identified the parameters which most influenced the estimation of cloud super-cooled liquid water. Limited validation was undertaken to ensure the soundness of the cloud super-cooled estimates. Finally, a path forward was formulized to insure the successful completion of the initial scientific goals which include analyzing different of annual datasets, validation of the developed algorithm, and the creation of a user-friendly and interactive tool for estimating cloud super-cooled liquid water.

A vision of year 2030 on the use of the renewable energies in Mexico; Una vision al 2030 de la utilizacion de las energias renovables en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mulas del Pozo, Pablo [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2005-08-15

geotermia, la energia solar, la energia eolica y la biomasa. Como parte de dicho estudio se tienen contempladas tres grandes lineas de reflexion: (1) Una revision bibliografica de los futuros posibles de las energias renovables, incluidas algunas proyecciones sobre la futura evolucion del sector energetico nacional, y sobre el estado tecnologico de las mismas; (2) Proyecciones sobre la posible futura evolucion del sector energetico nacional y la posible penetracion de las fuentes renovables de energia en el, empleando un modelo de simulacion (modelo LEAP); y (3) Grupos de enfoque para consultar a expertos sobre diferentes aspectos relativos a la posible futura penetracion de las fuentes renovables de energia en Mexico (en particular, sobre los obstaculos presentes y futuros que enfrentan las fuentes renovables en nuestro pais, los posibles eventos portadores de futuro que podrian modificar la tasa de penetracion de dichas energias, y posibles lineamientos de politica que podrian favorecer la penetracion de las mismas a partir de hoy).

The coldness of fear: Violence and culture in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Mario Perea Restrepo

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Why do Mexican gangs not give rise to the same levels of violence as their Central American counterparts do, or those in Los Angeles? Why are their towns and neighbourhoods not flooded with lawlessness and gang violence? In the light of the fact that violence is decreasing in Mexico (even though this has not brought about the disappearance of criminal activity, this work carries out an examination of urban conflict to explore the forces that are preventing violence from proliferating in the country. To this end, the author studies the experience of a gang member in Tijuana. First of all, his testimony is transcribed, and the result is a direct view without any mediation of the inaccessible world of gangs. Secondly, the author examines the aspects and elements through which this individual forms part of the “customs and behaviour” typical of the world of gangs, and whichhave now spread throughout the world. Thirdly, the work highlights the uniqueness of the Mexican case; that is to say, the aspects that differentiate the violence of the country’s gangs. Finally, the authorpresents the cultural elements that explain the containment of violence that exists in Mexico.

Environmental assessment for effluent reduction, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1996-01-01

The Department of Energy (DOE) proposes to eliminate industrial effluent from 27 outfalls at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The Proposed Action includes both simple and extensive plumbing modifications, which would result in the elimination of industrial effluent being released to the environment through 27 outfalls. The industrial effluent currently going to about half of the 27 outfalls under consideration would be rerouted to LANL's sanitary sewer system. Industrial effluent from other outfalls would be eliminated by replacing once-through cooling water systems with recirculation systems, or, in a few instances, operational changes would result in no generation of industrial effluent. After the industrial effluents have been discontinued, the affected outfalls would be removed from the NPDES Permit. The pipes from the source building or structure to the discharge point for the outfalls may be plugged, or excavated and removed. Other outfalls would remain intact and would continue to discharge stormwater. The No Action alternative, which would maintain the status quo for LANL's outfalls, was also analyzed. An alternative in which industrial effluent would be treated at the source facilities was considered but dismissed from further analysis because it would not reasonably meet the DOE's purpose for action, and its potential environmental effects were bounded by the analysis of the Proposed Action and the No Action alternatives

Efficient use of electric power in corporative 3M Mexico; Uso eficiente de la energia electrica en el corporativo 3M Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sanchez Perez, Alfredo; Quinones Bonilla, Antonio S. [3M Mexico, S.A. de C.V. (Mexico); Bustos Antunez, Jorge I; Reyes Arce, Manuel [Hines Interests, S.A. de C.V. (Mexico)

2003-07-01

It is not enough to count on with the state of the art technology for the daily operation of a building, the challenge is to be able to make a clear analysis and with attainable goals for the optimization of rational use of the electrical energy in the operation of intelligent buildings without affecting the comfort and productivity for users as well as the functionality and profitability for the owner. This went our base to carry out control strategies that helped the efficient use of the electrical energy, obtaining important savings without neglecting the operative part, of services and human within the property. It is thus, that 3M Mexico wanting to reach these purposes, conducted actions to improve the efficiency of the equipment in the following items: electric network, general lighting, air conditioning system, ventilation and extraction, hydropneumatic system, and sumps operation. [Spanish] No basta contar con la tecnologia de punta para la operacion diaria de un edificio, el reto es ser capaces de realizar un analisis claro y con metas alcanzables para la optimizacion de uso racional de la energia electrica en las operaciones de edificios inteligentes sin afectar el confort y productividad para usuarios asi como la funcionalidad y rentabilidad para el propietario. Esta fue nuestra base para llevar a cabo estrategias de control que ayudaron al uso eficiente de la energia electrica, obteniendo ahorros importantes sin descuidar la parte operativa, de servicios y humana dentro de la propiedad. Es asi, que 3M Mexico queriendo alcanzar dichos propositos, realizo acciones para mejorar la eficiencia de los equipos en los siguientes rubros: red electrica, iluminacion general, sistema de aire acondicionado, ventilacion y extraccion, sistema hidroneumatico, y operacion de carcamos.

New Mexico Math Pathways Taskforce Report

Science.gov (United States)

New Mexico Higher Education Department, 2016

2016-01-01

In April 2015 New Mexico faculty, Dana Center staff, and New Mexico Higher Education (NMHED) co-presented the need for better math pathways statewide. Faculty from 6 institutions (New Mexico State University, New Mexico Highlands University, Dine College, Eastern New Mexico University, El Paso Community College, and San Juan College) participated…

Redes sociales, participaci\\'on ciudadana y la hip\\'otesis del slacktivismo: lecciones del caso de "El Bronco" / Social Media, Civic Engagement, and the Slacktivism Hypothesis: Lessons from Mexico's "El Bronco"

OpenAIRE

Howard, Philip N.; Savage, Saiph; Flores-Saviaga, Claudia; Toxtli, Carlos; Monroy-Hernández, Andres

2017-01-01

El uso de las redes sociales tiene consecuencias positivas o negativas en la participaci\\'on ciudadana? La gran parte de los intentos por responder a esta pregunta incluyen datos de la opini\\'on p\\'ublica de los Estados Unidos, por lo que nosotros ofrecemos un estudio sobre un caso significativo de M\\'exico, donde un candidato independiente utiliz\\'o las redes sociales para comunicarse con el p\\'ublico y rehuy\\'o de los medios de comunicaci\\'on tradicionales. Dicho candidato, conocido como "E...

Differences in Health Symptoms among Residents Living Near Illegal Dump Sites in Los Laureles Canyon, Tijuana, Mexico: A Cross Sectional Survey

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wael K. Al-Delaimy

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Living near landfills is a known health hazard prompting recognition of environmental injustice. The study aim was to compare self-reported symptoms of ill health among residents of four neighborhoods, living in haphazardly constructed settlements surrounded by illegal dumpsites in Tijuana, Mexico. One adult from each of 388 households located in Los Laureles Canyon were interviewed about demographics, health status, and symptoms. Distance from each residence to both the nearest dumpsite and the canyon bottom was assessed. The neighborhoods were selected from locations within the canyon, and varied with respect to proximity to dump sites. Residents of San Bernardo reported significantly higher frequencies of ill-health symptoms than the other neighborhoods, including extreme fatigue (OR 3.01 (95% CI 1.6–5.5, skin problems/irritations (OR 2.73 (95% CI 1.3–5.9, stomach discomfort (OR 2.47 (1.3–4.8, eye irritation/tears (OR 2.02 (1.2–3.6, and confusion/difficulty concentrating (OR 2.39 (1.2–4.8. Proximity to dumpsites did not explain these results, that varied only slightly when adjusted for distance to nearest dumpsite or distance to the canyon bottom. Because San Bernardo has no paved roads, we hypothesize that dust and the toxicants it carries is a possible explanation for this difference. Studies are needed to further document this association and sources of toxicants.

Differences in Health Symptoms among Residents Living Near Illegal Dump Sites in Los Laureles Canyon, Tijuana, Mexico: A Cross Sectional Survey

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Delaimy, Wael K.; Wood Larsen, Catherine; Pezzoli, Keith

2014-01-01

Living near landfills is a known health hazard prompting recognition of environmental injustice. The study aim was to compare self-reported symptoms of ill health among residents of four neighborhoods, living in haphazardly constructed settlements surrounded by illegal dumpsites in Tijuana, Mexico. One adult from each of 388 households located in Los Laureles Canyon were interviewed about demographics, health status, and symptoms. Distance from each residence to both the nearest dumpsite and the canyon bottom was assessed. The neighborhoods were selected from locations within the canyon, and varied with respect to proximity to dump sites. Residents of San Bernardo reported significantly higher frequencies of ill-health symptoms than the other neighborhoods, including extreme fatigue (OR 3.01 (95% CI 1.6–5.5)), skin problems/irritations (OR 2.73 (95% CI 1.3–5.9)), stomach discomfort (OR 2.47 (1.3–4.8)), eye irritation/tears (OR 2.02 (1.2–3.6)), and confusion/difficulty concentrating (OR 2.39 (1.2–4.8)). Proximity to dumpsites did not explain these results, that varied only slightly when adjusted for distance to nearest dumpsite or distance to the canyon bottom. Because San Bernardo has no paved roads, we hypothesize that dust and the toxicants it carries is a possible explanation for this difference. Studies are needed to further document this association and sources of toxicants. PMID:25226411

Action of the surge in the stability of the marine bed in the sounding of Campeche, Mexico; Accion del oleaje en la estabilidad del lecho marino en la sonda de Campeche, Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mendoza Baldwin, E.G.; Silva Casarin, R. [Instituto de Ingenieria, UNAM, (Mexico); Salazar Carrillo, E.E. [Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo (Mexico)

2004-12-01

Among the phenomena that must be taken into account while designing and constructing coastal structures, the wave-induced soil response has become a very important issue. One reason for this growing interest is that many structures have been reportedly failed because of seabed instability rather than design or construction deficiencies. In this paper we present the application to Sonda de Campeche, Mexico of an analytical model for a porous seabed of finite thickness, h, subject a 3D short crested wave system. This exact solution gives explicit expressions for the pore pressure and effective stresses under. [Spanish] La seguridad de las actividades relacionadas con el litoral depende, en gran medida, del correcto funcionamiento de las estructuras de operacion y proteccion, el diseno de las cuales, a su vez, requiere de un conocimiento lo mas completo posible, tanto de las solicitaciones como del comportamiento del entorno en el que seran construidas. Como respuesta a dichas necesidades, en este trabajo se presenta la aplicacion de un modelo en tres dimensiones con el que se puede representar la respuesta del lecho marino, considerando la existencia de un estrato poroso de espesor finito ante la accion de un sistema de ondas progresivas de cresta corta, el cual es de especial utilidad para el diseno y tendido de lineas submarinas. Dentro de las bondades del modelo se cuenta con la posibilidad de varias las condiciones del tipo de suelo (cohesivo, arenoso o mixto), grado de saturacion, angulo de incidencia del oleaje y espesor del estrato poroso. El modelo tridimensional es alimentado con datos de oleaje y tipo de suelo de la bahia de Campeche, Mexico, con los que se analizan las distribuciones verticales de los esfuerzos y la presion de poro inducidos. Finalmente, se realiza un estudio de inestabilidad del lecho marino para la misma bahia, comparando los resultados del modelo con los de sondeos en campo.

Deep water invasions in oil fields of the gulf of Mexico: a challenge for the application of environmental isotopes; Invasiones de aguas profundas en yacimientos petroleros del golfo de Mexico: un reto para la aplicacion de isotopos ambientales

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Birkle, Peter [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)

2001-07-01

It was verified the use of environmental isotopes as a useful method to improve the efficiency of the present exploitation in oil fields of the Gulf of Mexico. In general, the stable isotopes like deuterium, 18 O, 13 C, 37 Cl, 87 Sr and 34 S, support in questions on the origin of waters, its quality, the geochemistry evolution, recharge processes, interaction water-rock, origin of the salinity and contamination processes, whereas the radioactive isotopes (Tritium, 14 C, 36 I and 129 I) provide information on the time of circulation, the origin and the age of underground waters. Since year 1998, the Gerencia de Geotermia of the Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas is making investigation projects in the oil fields of the Actives of Production Luna, Pol-Chuc, Chilpilla-Colomo (all of them in the state of Tabasco) and Cactus-Sitio Grande (Chiapas) in the South Region of PEMEX Exploration and Production (PEP). As primary target of these studies hidrogeological models were developed on the migration and circulation of the fluids in the oil fields with the purpose of limiting the water invasion in producing wells and to increase the crude oil production. [Spanish] Se comprobo el uso de los isotopos ambientales como un metodo util para mejorar la eficiencia de la explotacion actual en yacimientos petroleros del golfo de Mexico. En general, los isotopos estables como deuterio, 18 O, 13 C, 37 Cl, 87 Sr y 34 S, apoyan en cuestiones sobre el origen de las aguas, su calidad, la evolucion geoquimica, procesos de recarga, interaccion agua-roca, origen de la salinidad y procesos de contaminacion, mientras que los isotopos radiactivos (Tritio, 14 C, 36 l Y 129 I) proporcionan informacion sobre el tiempo de circulacion, el origen y la edad de las aguas subterraneas. Desde el ano 1998, la Gerencia de Geotermia del Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas esta realizando proyectos de investigacion en los campos petroleros de los activos de Produccion Luna, Pol-Chuc, Chilpilla

English Teaching in Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Salazar, Denise

2002-01-01

Discusses teaching English in Mexico, a country with important social, cultural, and economic ties to the United States. Looks at the various English teaching situations as well as teacher education for teachers in Mexico. Concludes that the English teaching situation in Mexico reflects great diversity and growth, and that the knowledge of English…

Migration, Multiple Citizenships, and the Right toParticipate in Official Electoral Bodies in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Antonio Rojas Choza

2017-07-01

Full Text Available El fenómeno migratorio en México y el recono-cimiento de la ciudadanía múltiple ha abierto dis-tintas problemáticas en torno al ejercicio de los derechos políticos, en particular, el derecho a in-tegrar autoridades electorales. El objetivo del pre-sente texto es reflejar cuantitativamente la posible dimensión de la ciudadanía múltiple en México, producto de la creciente migración internacional, y realizar un análisis jurídico de las restricciones por motivo de la ciudadanía múltiple en el ejerci-cio de la función electoral. Para el caso de Méxi-co, dichas restricciones son discriminatorias y no guardan razonabilidad ni proporcionalidad entre los distintos cargos, sean autoridades electorales administrativas o jurisdiccionales. / Migration and the recognition of multiple citizenship have opened up different problems in the exercise of political rights, and specifically, the right to be part of official electoral bodies. This article aims to quantify the possible effects of multiple citizenship in Mexico due to growing international migration, as well as to analyze the legal restrictions on the exercise of electoral rights due to multiple citizenship. In the case of Mexico, these restrictions are discriminatory and neither reasonable nor proportional to the different administrative or jurisdictional electoral positions.

New Mexico Parks

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — This dataset provides an initial version of the locations of parks in New Mexico, in point form, with limited attributes, compiled using available data from a...

Weapons Engineering Tritium Facility, Building 205, Technical Area 16: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1991-04-01

The Weapons Engineering Tritium Facility (WETF) was planned by the US Department of Energy (DOE) to retain at Los Alamos National Laboratory the capability of repackaging small quantities of tritium to exacting specifications. Small quantities of tritium are required for energy research and development activities and for research on nuclear weapons test devices carried out as part of the laboratory mission. The WETF is an improved design proposed to replace an aging Los Alamos facility where tritium has been repackaged for many years. This Environmental Assessment evaluates the environmental consequences to be expected from operating the new facility, for which construction was completed in 1984, compared with those from continuing to operate the old facility. The document was prepared for compliance with NEPA. In operation, the WETF will incorporate state-of-the-art systems for containing tritium in glove boxes and capturing any tritium released into the glove box exhaust system and the laboratory atmosphere. Liquid discharges from the WETF would contain less than 1% of the tritium found in effluents from the present facility. Effluent streams would be surface discharges and would not enter the aquifer from which municipal water supplies are drawn. The quantity of solid radioactive waste generated at the WETF would be approximately the same as that generated at the present facility. The risk to the public from normal tritium-packaging operations would be significantly less from the WETF than from the present facility. The proposed action will reduce the adverse environmental impacts caused by tritium repackaging by substantially reducing the amount of tritium that escapes to the environment. 35 refs., 3 figs., 21 tabs

Between the water and the oil. The Mexican and American transfrontier deposits; Entre el agua y el aceite. Los yacimientos transfronterizos de Mexico y Estados Unidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2007-07-15

In the Gulf of Mexico, there are hydrocarbon deposits shared between Mexico and United States, and divided for just one imaginary line at the sea. The exploitation should be done at the same time by both countries; therefore, it is going to be necessary on the whole the creation of a development strategy, despite the fact of the big existent differences among their respective normative frameworks, institutional design and industrial practices. [Spanish] En el Golfo de Mexico, existen yacimientos de hidrocarburos que comparten Mexico y Estados Unidos, divididos solo por una linea imaginaria en el mar. La explotacion debe ser llevada al unisono por ambos paises, por lo que muy pronto deberan crear una estrategia de desarrollo conjunto, pese a las grandes diferencias entre sus respectivos marcos normativos, disenos institucionales y practicas industriales.

Radon availability in New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McLemore, V.T.

1995-01-01

The New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources (NMBMMR) in cooperation with the Radiation Licensing and Registration Section of the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have been evaluating geologic and soil conditions that may contribute to elevated levels of indoor radon throughout New Mexico. Various data have been integrated and interpreted in order to determine areas of high radon availability. The purpose of this paper is to summarize some of these data for New Mexico and to discuss geologic controls on the distribution of radon. Areas in New Mexico have been identified from these data as having a high radon availability. It is not the intent of this report to alarm the public, but to provide data on the distribution of radon throughout New Mexico

Health risk analysis of a Mexico South-west oil installation; Analisis de riesgo a la salud de una instalacion petrolera del Suroeste de Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iturbide-Arguelles, R; Flores-Serrano, R. Ma; Torres-Bustillos, L.G [Instituto de Ingenieria, Universidad Autonoma de Mexico (Mexico)]. E-mail: ria@pumas.iingen.unam.mx

2006-01-15

During an Environmental audit. In an oil storage and distribution station (TAD) located al South-west Mexico, hydrocarbon contamination was detected. Because of it, a complete study of the site's contamination was required. From this work's results, it can be stated that TAD subsoil is contaminated by total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), in concentrations from ND to 59,000 mg/kg. Neither benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene or xylenes (BTEX), nor methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), nor methyl tert-amyl ether (MTE) were detected. From the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) analyzed, only naphthalene was found in one sample point at a concentration below 1 mg/kg. The presence of Fe, Pb, and Zn was identified in the subsoil, but the calculated geo-accumulations and not a contamination's product. TPH were found in groundwater, but only in one of the six sampled wells over the recommended level of 10 mg/l. It was also found that Fe concentrations exceed the suggested value of 0.3 mg/l in five of the six sampled wells. It was determined that groundwater's pH value is not linked to the metal concentration level, but with the TPH concentration. Health risk assessment indicated that naphthalene, and zinc concentrations, present in water and subsoil, do not represent a health risk neither for the neighborhood inhabitants, not for the TAD workers. Nevertheless, given the high TPH concentrations in the TAD's north side, the remediation of 8,000 m{sup 3} of subsoil by means of a biopiles system was recommended. [Spanish] En la Terminal de Almacenamiento y Distribucion de combustibles, (TAD), tales como el diesel y la gasolina, localizada al Suroeste de Mexico, se detecto contaminacion por hidrocarburos a raiz de una auditoria ambiental, por lo que se solicito un estudio completo de la contaminacion en la TAD. A partir de los resultados de este trabajo, se puede decir que el suelo de la TAD se encuentra contaminado por hidrocarburos totales de petroleo (HTP

Texture, mineralogy and geochemistry of the continental slope sediments in front of Los Tuxtlas, Gulf of Mexico, Mexico: implications on weathering, origin and depositional environments

Science.gov (United States)

Marca-Castillo, M. E.; Armstrong-Altrin, J.

2017-12-01

The textural analysis, mineralogy and geochemistry of two sediment cores recovered from the deep water zone of the southwestern part of the Gulf of Mexico ( 1666 and 1672 m water depth) were studied to infer the provenance and depositional behavior. The textural analysis revealed that both cores are dominated by silt, which occupy more than 50% in both samples and the clay occupy 40%. The petrographic analysis revealed remains of biogenic origin sediments and lithic fragments with an angular shape and low sphericity, indicating a low energy environment and therefore a low level of weathering in the sediment, which suggests that the sediments were not affected by transport and derived from a nearby source rock. In both cores quartz fragments were identified; also volcanic lithic and pyroxenes fragments, which are rocks of intermediate composition and are generally associated with the volcanic activity of the continental margins. SEM-EDS studies showed that the analysed samples have concentrations of minerals such as barite, gibbsite, kaolinite, grossular, magnetite, plagioclase and chlorite, which are probably derived from the mainland to the deep sea zone. In the trace element analysis it was observed a low Sc content, while Co, Ni, V and Cu are slightly enriched with respect to the upper continental crust; this enrichment is related to sediments from intermediate sources. The sediments are classified as shale in the log (SiO2 / Al2O3) - log (Fe2O / K2O) diagram. The fine particles of the shale indicate that a deposit occurred as a result of the gradual sedimentation due to relatively non-turbulent currents, which is consistent with the petrographic analysis. The geochemical features of major and trace elements suggest sediments were derived largely from the natural andesite erosion of coastal regions along the Gulf of Mexico. High values of Fe2O3 and MnO are observed in the upper intervals, reflecting the influence of volcanic sediments. The major element

New Mexico Small Business Assistance (NMSBA) September 2016 Advisory Council Update

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Larkin, Ariana Kayla [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2016-09-26

This is an update on two projects headed by Los Alamos National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratories. The two projects are: The Electrochemical Based Gas Analyzer for Automotive Diagnostic and Maximizing the Production of High Value and High Demand Guar Gum on Marginal Lands in New Mexico. The Electrochemical Based Gas Analyzer for Automotive Diagnostic NMSBA leveraged project is made up of Albuquerque companies, Automotive Test Solutions, Inc. (ATS), ATS Mobile Diagnostics and Thoma Technologies and Los Alamos small business, VI Control Systems, to develop a new sensor system for the automotive industry. The Guar Gum NMSBA Leveraged Project began in January 2016 with the goal to develop biotechnology to enable a genetic modification of prairie cordgrass, a renewable feedstock for bioenergy and bio-manufacturing. In the long term, the companies hope to use the technology to bio-manufacture high value products in the stem of the plant. This document describes the laboratories' cooperation with small businesses on these projects.

The energy challenges of North America; Los retos energeticos de America del Norte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopez, Eduardo [Universidad Johns Hopkins (JHU), Baltimore, Maryland (United States); Varela Salazar, Myrna R. [Universidad de Columbia, Nueva York, Nueva York (United States)

2006-11-15

The objective of this article is, on one hand, to evaluate the dependency of the United States (US) as far as its oil imports, and by the other, the regional consequences that could mean the declination of the production and of the Mexican exports. Mexico could put into injunction the diversification looked for by US and have other undesirable consequences, such as higher prices and bilateral and including international tensions. In addition, the fall of the oil exports will damage the public finances of Mexico, reason why the reform of its energy sector and the necessity of moderating the dependency of the government from the oil income by means of a fiscal reform that can not be postponed, in spite of the strong prevailing political resistance. [Spanish] El objetivo de este articulo es, por un lado, evaluar la dependencia de Estados Unidos (EU) en cuanto a sus importaciones de petroleo, y por el otro, las consecuencias regionales que podria significar la declinacion de la produccion y de las exportaciones mexicanas. Mexico podria poner en entredicho la diversificacion buscada por EU y tener otras consecuencias indeseables, como precios mas altos y tensiones bilaterales e inclusive internacionales. Ademas, la caida de las exportaciones petroleras danara las finanzas publicas de Mexico, por lo que la reforma de su sector energetico y la necesidad de atemperar la dependencia del gobierno de los ingresos petroleros mediante una reforma fiscal se volverian inaplazables, a pesar de las fuertes resistencias politicas imperantes.

Recommendations of technical specifications for ethanol and its blends (E6) and the infrastructure for their management in Mexico; Recomendaciones de especificaciones tecnicas para el etanol y sus mezclas (E6) y la infraestructura para su manejo en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2011-07-15

next few years in Mexico. [Spanish] Este documento describe la importancia y los beneficios del uso de la mezcla bioetanol-gasolina como sustituto de la gasolina pura. Presenta datos del mercado mundial de etanol, asi como de los principales productores, procesos involucrados para diferentes materias primas e indicadores de productividad. Discute las principales propiedades a ser monitoreadas en el etanol y la importancia de cada una. Tambien revisa el impacto de la adicion de etanol en las gasolinas automotrices y la influencian de cada propiedad en el funcionamiento de los automoviles y el medio ambiente. Presenta un diagnostico de las especificaciones internacionales del etanol anhidro usadas en los Estados Unidos, Brasil y la Union Europea, asi como sugerencias de armonizacion para los limites de los principales parametros y para las metodologias, a partir de estudios publicados recientemente (White Paper- Bioetahnol Task Force y Guidelines to Ethanol from Worldwide Fuel Charter Committee). Incluye la especificacion de las gasolinas brasilenas, adicionadas con un 25% de etanol (E25). Sugiere una especificacion de etanol anhidro, asi como una especificacion para mezclas gasolina/etanol E6 para su implementacion en Mexico. Presenta una priorizacion de los metodos de prueba de laboratorio para el etanol y la gasolina mezclada con etanol en tres categorias, indicando las pruebas mas adecuadas para ser usados en diferentes puntos de la cadena de distribucion de los productos. Discute el impacto del etanol en las instalaciones de distribucion de los combustibles, acciones para el control de posibles problemas, seleccion de materiales y equipamiento, presenta procedimientos de seguridad y el proceso de mezcla gasolina/etanol. Describe tambien el sistema brasileno de produccion/distribucion de combustibles y la experiencia de este pais en el control de calidad de los combustibles a partir de la legislacion vigente. Se incluye un cuadro con los principales equipos, sus

Mexico's nuclear paradox

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Redclift, M.

1989-01-01

Opposition to Mexico's nuclear reactors at Laguna Verde has grown during the last two years. The nuclear programme is blamed for being expensive and wasteful, and the decision to rely on the USA contradicts Mexico's espoused policy of greater independence from the USA. The way in which petroleum revenues were used to precipitate the nuclear option is compared with the lack of urgency given to renewable energy and greater energy efficiency. From a social and environmental perspective, as well as an economic one, Mexico's nuclear programme is judged expensive and irrelevant. (author)

Mexico/USA agreement for the performance of an energy audit: a study case; Acuerdo Mexico/EUA para realizar auditoria de energia: un caso de estudio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Romero Paredes, Hernando; Ambriz, Juan Jose [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico); Ortiz, Johny; Sheffield, John [University of Missouri-Rolla, Missouri (United States)

1998-12-31

This paper presents the results of two energy industrial audits carried out in Mexico City by a team of professors and students of the Missouri-Rolla University (UMR) and the Autonomous Metropolitan-Ixtapalapa University (UAM). This international interchange examines the potential of technological transfer of programs of the Industrial Advising and Analysis and Energy Diagnosis Centers which are sponsored by the Office of Industrial Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy (Program IAC-DOE). The paper describes the applied technology by the international team to identify the opportunities of saving energy through visits to the manufacturing enterprises installations. These are classified in accordance with the potential saving areas (for instance: lighting, air compressors, motors, etc.) and include the energy saving, its associated costs, the implementation costs and the simple return period. The paper presents a study case related to two Mexican plants. A revision is made of one year statistics that enlists the energy saving opportunities found by the UMR-IAC team during eight years of operation for illustration purposes. The statistics are based in about 25 audits performed in the U.S. and encompass the energy and demand saving, the associated costs, the implementation costs an the simple return period. Also, the performance of joint audits is described as a valid form of technological transfer in two ways, of interest to the two educational institutions. The article concludes with the advantages of the joint approach to the energy audits and the potential for the development of a more ambitious program of technological transfer. The educational value of the above mentioned technological experience for the faculty and for the students involved in the academic interchange is also considered as an important opportunity to keep on performing these activities. [Espanol] Este articulo presenta los resultados de dos auditorias energeticas industriales realizadas

Mexico/USA agreement for the performance of an energy audit: a study case; Acuerdo Mexico/EUA para realizar auditoria de energia: un caso de estudio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Romero Paredes, Hernando; Ambriz, Juan Jose [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico); Ortiz, Johny; Sheffield, John [University of Missouri-Rolla, Missouri (United States)

1999-12-31

This paper presents the results of two energy industrial audits carried out in Mexico City by a team of professors and students of the Missouri-Rolla University (UMR) and the Autonomous Metropolitan-Ixtapalapa University (UAM). This international interchange examines the potential of technological transfer of programs of the Industrial Advising and Analysis and Energy Diagnosis Centers which are sponsored by the Office of Industrial Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy (Program IAC-DOE). The paper describes the applied technology by the international team to identify the opportunities of saving energy through visits to the manufacturing enterprises installations. These are classified in accordance with the potential saving areas (for instance: lighting, air compressors, motors, etc.) and include the energy saving, its associated costs, the implementation costs and the simple return period. The paper presents a study case related to two Mexican plants. A revision is made of one year statistics that enlists the energy saving opportunities found by the UMR-IAC team during eight years of operation for illustration purposes. The statistics are based in about 25 audits performed in the U.S. and encompass the energy and demand saving, the associated costs, the implementation costs an the simple return period. Also, the performance of joint audits is described as a valid form of technological transfer in two ways, of interest to the two educational institutions. The article concludes with the advantages of the joint approach to the energy audits and the potential for the development of a more ambitious program of technological transfer. The educational value of the above mentioned technological experience for the faculty and for the students involved in the academic interchange is also considered as an important opportunity to keep on performing these activities. [Espanol] Este articulo presenta los resultados de dos auditorias energeticas industriales realizadas

Acceso universal al Programa de VIH/SIDA de la Ciudad de México: resultados a seis años Universal access, six years results in the Mexico City HIV/AIDS Program

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen Soler Claudín

2009-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analizar los resultados del Programa de Medicamentos Antirretrovirales Gratuitos del Programa de VIH/SIDA de la Ciudad de México (PVSCM en la población afectada del Distrito Federal. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se sistematizaron y analizaron datos de la Coordinación del PVSCM sobre atención médica, tratamiento antirretroviral (ARV y resultados de laboratorio especializado en un análisis retrospectivo del periodo 2001-2006, para evaluar su efecto en los pacientes atendidos. RESULTADOS. Se incluyen datos de 5 146 pacientes que recibieron tratamiento ARV. Al final del periodo, 74% de ellos permanecía vigente, 12.1% se perdió en el seguimiento y 13.9% había fallecido. CONCLUSIONES: En el Distrito Federal, durante el periodo evaluado se logró la ampliación de cobertura, eficacia en el tratamiento ARV e incremento de la sobrevida de los pacientes.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of the Free Antiretroviral Medication Program of the Mexico City HIV/AIDS Program among the affected population in Mexico City. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted of medical attention, antiretroviral treatment and specialized laboratory results data from 2001 to 2006 from patients who sought services from the Mexico City HIV/AIDS Program. RESULTS: Data from 5 146 patients who were undergoing ARV are presented. At the end of the period studied, 74% were current, 12.2% were not found for follow-up and 13.9% had died. CONCLUSIONS: During the period evaluated, wider coverage was achieved in Mexico City as well as increased efficiency in ARV treatment and increased patient survival.

Use of sleeping perches by the lizard Anolis uniformis (Squamata: Polychrotidae in the fragmented tropical rainforest at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico Uso de perchas para dormir por la lagartija Anolis uniformis (Squamata: Polychrotidae en el bosque tropical fragmentado de Los Tuxtlas, México

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Elisa Cabrera-Guzmán

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The use of nocturnal perches by the lizard Anolis uniformis is described. Bimonthly surveys were made throughout a year in small fragments and continuous tropical rainforest areas at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Twenty three juvenile individuals and 7 adults were recorded sleeping during the sampling time (18:00 - 23:00 h.. All individuals were found on leaves of plants of 14 species. Perch height ranged from 41.0 to 140.5 cm (mean: 90.1 cm juveniles; 80.6 cm adults and the most frequent sleeping position observed was with the body oriented along the longitudinal axis of the leaf and the head facing the stem of the plant. This apparently vulnerable position can permit the perception of external stimuli such as proximity of predators; although, eco-physiological factors may also influence selection of sleeping perch sites.Se describe el uso de perchas nocturnas por parte de la lagartija Anolis uniformis. Durante un año se ralizaron muestreos bimensuales en fragmentos pequeños y áreas continuas de bosque tropical perennifolio en Los Tuxtlas, México. Se registraron 23 individuos juveniles y 7 adultos durmiendo durante las horas de muestreo (18:00 a 23:00 hrs. Todos los individuos fueron encontrados en hojas de plantas pertenecientes a 14 especies. La altura de las perchas varió entre 41.0 y 140.5 cm (promedio: 90.1 cm juveniles; 80.6 cm adultos y la posición más frecuente de las lagartijas al dormir fue con el cuerpo extendido a lo largo del eje longitudinal de la hoja y la cabeza dirigida hacia el tallo de la planta. Esta posición, aparentemente vulnerable, puede permitir la percepción de estímulos externos como la aproximación de depredadores; sin embargo, factores eco-fisiológicos pueden también influir en la selección de sitios para dormir.

Arsenic Content of the Drinking Water Source, for the Guadiana Valley, Mexico; Contenido de arsenico en el agua potable de Valle del Guadiana, Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alarcon Herrera, Maria Teresa [Centro de Investigacion en Materiales Avanzados (Mexico); Flores Montenegro, Isela [Sistema Desentralizado de agua Potable y alcantarillado Durango (Mexico); Romero Navar, Pedro [Comision Nacional del Agua (Mexico); Martin Dominguez, Ignacio [Centro de Investigacion en Materiales Avanzados (Mexico); Trejo Vazquez, Rodolfo [Instituto Tecnologico de Aguascalientes (Mexico)

2001-12-01

In recent years, high levels of arsenic concentration have been detected in some drinking water sources of the Guadiana Valley (Durango and surrounding towns) in Mexico. These levels are above the limits recommended bye the world Health Organization (WHO) and the maximum levels allowed by the Mexican standards. due to the well.known toxicity of this element, this study set as its objective to determine in quantitative terms the arsenic content of the drinking water sources for the Guadiana Valley, as the first step in the way to solve environment problems, It was found that 59% of the sources in the south, northeast and Northwest zones of Durango exceed in 40% the maximum level established by Mexican standards for arsenic content. In the Guadiana towns, 48% of the sources surpass such levels even in 46%. If the maximum levels suggested bye the WHO are taken as the reference, then virtually all sources exceed such level. [Spanish] En los ultimos anos, en la region del valle de Gadiana (ciudad de Durango y poblados cercanos) se han detectado niveles de concentracion de arsenico (As) en algunos pozos de abastecimiento de agua potable que superan los limites recomendados por la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud(OMS) y el limite maximo permisible establecido por la legislacion mexicana. Dada la conocida toxicidad de dicho elemento, en el presente estudio se propuso determinar cuantitativamente el contenido de arsenico en los pozos de abastecimiento de agua potable del valle del Guadiana, como un primer paso hacia la solucion de la problematica ambiental. Se encontro que en la zona sureste, noroeste y noreste de la ciudad, en 59% de los pozos se excede hasta en 40% la concentracion de arsenico establecida como limite maximo por la legislacion mexicana. En las poblaciones del valle del Guadiana, 48% de los pozos superan los limites mencionados hasta en un 136%. Si se toma como referencia el limite maximo establecido por la OMS, practicamente todos los pozos exceden el

Unauthorized Mexican workers in the 1990 Los Angeles County labour force.

Science.gov (United States)

Marcelli, E A; Heer, D M

1997-01-01

"By analysing how unauthorized Mexicans compare with seven other ethno-racial groups in Los Angeles County, separately and collectively, by educational attainment and time spent in the U.S., we find that unauthorized Mexicans had relatively fewer years of formal education (either in the U.S. or in Mexico) and had been in the U.S. a relatively fewer number of years than in-migrants of other ethno-racial backgrounds in 1990. These findings are then used as proxies to compare the human capital endowments of different ethno-racial groups. We next estimate the number of unauthorized Mexicans by occupation, industry and class of worker, and compare these distributions with the total labour force and with the other ethno-racial groups in Los Angeles County.... Results show that amounts of human capital are positively related to the kinds of occupations filled." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA) excerpt

Analysis of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients admitted diagnosed with acute ischemic cerebrovascular event in internal medicine services and neurology of the Hospital Mexico in March 2013 to March 2014; Analisis de las caracteristicas epidemiologicas y clinicas de los pacientes ingresados con diagnostico de evento cerebrovascular isquemico agudo en los servicios de medicina interna y neurologia del Hospital Mexico de marzo 2013 a marzo 2014

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Araya Gonzalez, Manuel Alberto

2014-07-01

transformation was documented in 6% of cases. 70% of patients were performed Doppler ultrasound of neck vessels. Without injuries 82%, 9% with obstruction between 50-70% and 9% with over 70% lumen obstruction. Echocardiography was performed in 54% of cases and 76% was obtained left ventricular hypertrophy, left atrial dilation 37% and 2% intramural thrombus. With respect to functionality 81% of patients had no or minimal dependence upon admission, to the time of discharge 74% have had moderated to severe disability, 12% mild and only 14% had no disability or this was minimal. 51% of patients have presented one or more complications during hospitalization, the 5 most frequent have been: bronchopneumonia 25%, bronchial aspiration and urinary tract infection 19%, 16% cognitive impairment and 10% cardiac arrhythmias. The average overall stay has been 13 days. Internal medicine has been 14± days and in neurology has been 12 ± days. The mortally rate has been 19% while 71% of patients were discharged to home and 10% were moved to the medical center. (author) [Spanish] Expedientes de 100 pacientes internos fueron revisados con el diagnostico de evento cerebrovascular isquemico, en los servicios de neurologia y medicina interna del Hospital Mexico desde marzo del 2013 hasta marzo del 2014. Del total de pacientes 46 eran hombres y 54 eran mujeres. La edad promedio en general era de 69 anos, para los hombres ha sido de 66 anos y para las mujeres de 71. Pacientes de todas las provincias fueron ingresados, principalmente de San Jose con un 56% y Alajuela con un 19%. El manejo intrahospitalario segun especialidad fue distribuido en 60% medicina interna y 40% neurologia. Los factores de riesgo mas frecuentemente encontrados han sido: hipertension arterial 85%, diabetes mellitus 40%, tabaquismo 35%, dislipidemia 35%. El sobrepeso fue observado en 23% de los pacientes y la obesidad en 22%. En cuanto a las manifestaciones clinicas iniciales documentadas en la primera exploracion fisica, las 6

Screening and management of gestational diabetes in Mexico: results from a survey of multilocation, multi-health care institution practitioners

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dainelli L

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Livia Dainelli,1 Alberto Prieto-Patron,1 Irma Silva-Zolezzi,1 Sandra G Sosa-Rubi,2 Salvador Espino y Sosa,3 Enrique Reyes-Muñoz,4 Ruy Lopez-Ridaura,5 Patrick Detzel1 1Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; 2Health Economics Department, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; 3Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Perinatology Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico; 4Endocrinology Department, National Institute of Perinatology Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico; 5Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico Purpose: To identify the most common practices implemented for the screening and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM and to estimate the GDM clinician-reported proportion as a proxy of the incidence in Mexico. Materials and methods: Three hundred fifty-seven physicians in four major cities were asked about their practices regarding GDM screening, treatment, clinical exams, and health care staff involved in case of GDM diagnosis, as well as the percentage of women with GDM they care for. Data management and statistical analyses were done with Stata 13. Results: The overall GDM clinician-reported proportion was 23.7%. Regional differences were expected and consistent with the data on the epidemiology of the obesity in the country. The most common screening test was the oral glucose tolerance test 75 g one step (46.6% of total cases. Diet and exercise were sufficient to treat GDM in 40.6% of cases; the rest of the sample relied on some form of medication, especially oral hypoglycemic agents (63.0% of cases, insulin (22.0%, or a combination of these (13.0%. To educate women on how to measure glycemia and eventually take medications, an average of 2–3 hours were necessary. The three most common prenatal screening tests were the “no stress”, the “Doppler ultrasound”, and the �

Arbitrage with ADRs: a sectorial case study for companies in Colombia, Mexico, Brazil and Chile Arbitraje con ADRs: un estudio de caso sectorial para empresas de Colombia, México, Brasil y Chile

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Andrés Mauricio Mora

2011-10-01

Full Text Available This research continues the paper “Generalidades de los ADRs: Un estudio de casosectorial para empresas de Colombia, Mexico, Brasil y Chile” [ADRs generalities: a sectorial case study for companies in Colombia, Mexico, Brazil and Chile]. It is organizedin two sections. The first one covers the unique price theory and the efficient markets hypothesis. In the second one, arbitrage conditions with ADRs are empirically evaluated. The objective is to prove the existence of price differentials between stocks and ADRs, which would allow investors to obtain a risk free return.El presente artículo es la continuación del artículo “Generalidades de los ADRs: Un estudio de caso sectorial para empresas de Colombia, México, Brasil y Chile” y al igual que este, es un subproducto de la investigación “Arbitraje con ADRs: Un estudio de caso sectorial para empresas de Colombia, México, Brasil y Chile”. El artículo se divide en dos partes, en la primera se trata la teoría sobre la ley del precio único y la hipótesis de los mercados eficientes, y en la segunda parte se abarca el tema de arbitraje con activos financieros desde la práctica, haciendo un ejercicio econométrico de arbitraje con ADRs. El objetivo de esta investigación es comprobar la existencia de diferenciales de precio entre las acciones y sus respectivos ADRs, lo que permitiría a los inversionistas obtener una ganancia libre de riesgo.Abstract This research continues the paper “Generalidades de los ADRs: Un estudio de caso sectorial para empresas de Colombia, Mexico, Brasil y Chile” [ADRs generalities: a sectorial case study for companies in Colombia, Mexico, Brazil and Chile]. It is organized in two sections. The first one covers the unique price theory and the efficient markets hypothesis. In the second one, arbitrage conditions with ADRs are empirically evaluated. The objective is to prove the existence of price differentials between stocks and ADRs, which would allow

Mexico: Rasgos de Su Historia. (Mexico: Highlights of Its History).

Science.gov (United States)

Orozco, Cecilio

Intended for both teachers and students, this publication, written in Spanish, briefly traces Mexico's history from its Conquest in 1519 to the overthrow of Porfirio Diaz in 1910. The following are briefly discussed: Mexico's Conquest in 1519; events immediately after the fall of Tenochtitlan; the War for Independence; Texas' separation from…

Radon studies for extending Los Azufres geothermal energy field in Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tavera, L.; Balcazar, M.; Camacho, M.E.; Chavez, A.; Perez, H.; Gomez, J.

1999-01-01

Los Azufres is a 98 MW producing geothermal energy field situated in the Mexican volcanic belt at the west part of the country. Recently, hydrothermal activity and geochemical analysis of geothermal fluids from the north part of the geothermal field gave indications of a possible geothermal-production area, similar to the already producing field. In order to investigate the activity of geological structures, which are considered the means of geothermal fluids transporters, radon mapping was carried out using sets of 240 LR-115 detectors in the area of interest. Radon values higher than 10 kBq m -3 were considered anomalous and indicative of geothermal anomalies

Radon studies for extending Los Azufres geothermal energy field in Mexico

CERN Document Server

Tavera, L; Camacho, M E; Chavez, A; Pérez, H; Gómez, J

1999-01-01

Los Azufres is a 98 MW producing geothermal energy field situated in the Mexican volcanic belt at the west part of the country. Recently, hydrothermal activity and geochemical analysis of geothermal fluids from the north part of the geothermal field gave indications of a possible geothermal-production area, similar to the already producing field. In order to investigate the activity of geological structures, which are considered the means of geothermal fluids transporters, radon mapping was carried out using sets of 240 LR-115 detectors in the area of interest. Radon values higher than 10 kBq m sup - sup 3 were considered anomalous and indicative of geothermal anomalies.

HACIA LA CONFIGURACIÓN DE UNA NACIÓN CON DEMOCRACIA: ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO SOBRE LUGARES DE MEMORIA DE LOS MOVIMIENTOS ESTUDIANTILES EN EL SALVADOR Y MÉXICO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Ángel Villela Ramos

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Este ensayo describe cómo los movimientos estudiantiles de El Salvador y México realizan conmemoraciones anuales sobre las masacres que sufrieron en sus respectivos momentos y explica por qué es tan importante para ellos continuar con el recuerdo de los «mártires». Además, muestra la forma en que estas conmemoraciones buscan trascender en proyectos de nación. TOWARD THE CONFIGURATION OF A NATION WITH DEMOCRACY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SITES OF MEMORY OF STUDENT MOVEMENTS IN EL SALVADOR AND MEXICO This paper describes how the student movements in El Salvador and Mexico perform annual commemorations of the massacres they suffered and explains why it is so important for them to continue the memory of the «martyrs». It also shows how these commemorations seek to configure projects of nation.

Missing in Mexico: Denied victims, neglected stories

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Karl, Sylvia

2014-12-01

Full Text Available In this article, I will describe the mostly invisibilized “fight for rehumanization” of the families of the dehumanized disappeared of the Mexican Dirty War of the 1960s and 1970s. The conflictive memory politics in Mexico and the ambivalent transitional justice process led to processes of re-dehumanization for the families of the disappeared. Within these processes of clarification of past crimes, new spaces of violence emerged. The current “war on drugs” has caused an unprecedented number of new cases of disappearances. I will argue that there are continuities between the Dirty War in the past and the Dirty War practices within the present conflict. In this complex context of violence, the disappearances take place in a battlefield with blurred boundaries: disappearances for political reasons are intermingled with cases of disappearances due to organized crime and new fights for the rehumanization of the disappeared have evolved. In this climate of terror and fear, the families of the disappeared—those of the past and those of the present—are crucial counter-memory groups that object to official discourses that deny the crimes committed by the state.En este artículo, describiré la “lucha por la rehumanización” –en su mayoría invisibilizada– de las familias de los desaparecidos deshumanizados de la Guerra Sucia mexicana de los años 60 y 70. Las políticas de memoria conflictivas en México y el proceso de justicia transicional ambivalente llevaron a procesos de re-deshumanización de las familias de los desaparecidos. Dentro de estos procesos de clarificación sobre los crímenes pasados, nuevos espacios de violencia han emergido. La actual “guerra contra el narcotráfico” ha causado un número sin precedentes de nuevas desapariciones. Argumentaré que hay continuidades entre la Guerra Sucia en el pasado, y las prácticas de Guerra Sucia en el conflicto presente. En este complejo contexto de violencia, las

Necesidades de salud en áreas urbanas marginadas de México Health needs in marginalized urban areas in Mexico

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Hortensia Reyes-Morales

2009-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Evaluar las necesidades de salud de la población residente en áreas urbanas marginadas de México. MÉTODOS: Encuesta poblacional a familias residentes en colonias urbanas pobres de cinco regiones geográficas de México (Norte, Centro, Sur, Sureste y Ciudad de México, seleccionadas mediante un muestreo polietápico. Se realizaron entrevistas y mediciones antropométricas en sus domicilios a todos los integrantes de las familias seleccionadas y se analizaron las características de salud positiva, nutrición, salud reproductiva, daños a la salud y salud mental por grupos de análisis formados por edad y sexo. RESULTADOS: Participaron 24 707 personas. En los entrevistados se observó una baja escolaridad (6 años o menos y solo 46,8% tuvo cobertura de servicios de salud, ya fuera en instituciones públicas o privadas. De los niños, 19,8% presentaba desmedro y el sobrepeso predominó a partir de la adolescencia. En los adolescentes de 12 a 19 años, 15,7% tenía vida sexual activa, pero solo 57,7% de los hombres y 41,9% de las mujeres de ese grupo de edad usaban algún método anticonceptivo. De los adultos, 5,9% padecía diabetes y 11,5% hipertensión arterial. En la muestra de adolescentes, adultos y adultos mayores, el tabaquismo fue de 21,2%, el consumo de alcohol de 36,0%, el uso de drogas de 9,5% y la depresión de 20,2%. CONCLUSIONES: La vulnerabilidad sanitaria de las personas que viven en las áreas urbanas marginadas de México se manifiesta en la existencia de una población joven, con pocas redes de apoyo familiar y de servicios de salud, que sufre trastornos y enfermedades, como la desnutrición infantil, el alto riesgo reproductivo y las adicciones en adolescentes y adultos, producto del rezago en el desarrollo social. La prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas fue similar a la de la población mexicana no marginada.OBJECTIVE: To understand the health needs of the population living in Mexico's marginalized urban areas

78 FR 14983 - Fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico; Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-08

... the Gulf of Mexico; Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting AGENCY: National Marine... of Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council Spanish Mackerel and Cobia Stock Assessment Review Workshop. SUMMARY: Independent peer review of Gulf of Mexico Spanish Mackerel and Cobia stocks will be...

Surface Water Contamination and Los Alamos National Laboratory's Holistic Approach to Mitigation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Katzman, D.; Veenis, S.; Reneau, S.

2009-01-01

A sediment and contaminant transport mitigation project is being implemented at Los Alamos National Laboratory. This effort is driven by a requirement from State of New Mexico regulators and is also in concert with efforts underway to support a surface-water diversion project by a Santa Fe, NM, public water utility. The effort is being implemented in a large geomorphically and hydrologically complex watershed. Rather than simply attempting to trap sediment in a retention basin, this effort uses a watershed-scale holistic approach with intent to promote watershed healing. (authors)

Erosion of earth covers used in shallow land burial at Los Alamos, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nyhan, J.W.; Depoorter, G.L.; Drennon, B.J.; Simanton, J.R.; Foster, G.R.

1984-01-01

The Los Alamos National Laboratory and the USDA-ARS examined soil erosion and water balance relationships for a trench cap used for the shallow land burial of low-level radioactive waters at Los Alamos, NM. Eight 3.05 by 10.7 m plots were installed with bare soil, tilled, and vegetated surface treatments on a 15 by 63 m trench cap constructed from soil and crushed tuff layers. A rotating boom rain simulator was used to estimate the soil erodibility and cover-management factors of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) for this trench cap and for two undisturbed plots with natural vegetative cover. The implications of the results of this study are discussed relative to the management of infiltration and erosion processes at waste burial sites and compared with similar USDA research performed throughout the USA

Binational Teacher Development: Teacher Ambassador Exchange Program, New Mexico, USA and Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Habermann, Mary Jean

The report describes the rationale for and history of an exchange program for Nuevo Leon (Mexico) and New Mexico bilingual education teachers. The program evolved from the need to help Spanish-speaking students maintain their own language and culture while in the United States. New Mexico's state policy concerning language-minority children and…

Peasant coffee in the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, Mexico: A critical evaluation of sustainable intensification and market integration potential

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anne Cristina de la Vega-Leinert

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Production of low-input, shaded coffee in the Los Tuxtlas UNESCO Biosphere Reserve (LTBR, Veracruz, Mexico, an economically marginalized but ecologically rich region, was strongly affected by the collapse in international prices and the reconfiguration of the Mexican coffee sector in the 1990s. This place-based study used qualitative methods to investigate local strategies to reactivate coffee cultivation and improve market integration. Ninety-five producers, processors and cooperative representatives were interviewed to: 1 characterize the different actors in the local coffee commodity chain; 2 explore how producers, organized or not, shape and are constrained by the local coffee sector, and 3 evaluate whether producers land use strategies may be compatible with conservation in the LTBR. We combine the Land Sparing and Sharing framework with the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve zonation system to conceptualize how coffee plantations can be spatially integrated in protected areas and facilitate synergies between local livelihoods and conservation. Our empirical study illustrates the complexity and dynamism of the LTBR coffee sector. It highlights the resourcefulness of producers in adapting their cultivation systems, but also the narrow maneuvering room farmers have to exploit textbook synergies between conservation and fair trade and / or certified organic markets. In principle, coffee cultivation can be expanded and intensified without affecting remaining primary forest (Land Sparing and contribute to maintain a diverse landscape matrix in productive agroforestry systems (Land Sharing. However, few producers have the means required to successfully achieve profitable and long-term market integration. Future research on sustainable land use management in, and around, protected areas needs to explicitly address local, sectoral and market dynamics as drivers of land use at the local level. Although these dynamics may create windows of opportunity

Habitability, energy and environment: a holistic proposal for housing in Mexico; Habitabilidad, energia y medioambiente: una propuesta holistica para la vivienda en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Triana Espinosa, J. A. [ATPAE (Mexico); Montes Jimenez, J. C. [Comision Federal de Electricidad (Mexico)

1997-12-31

in Mexico, as well as some lines of complementary action. [Espanol] Se enfatiza la indivisible interrelacion dinamica entre los conceptos de energia, ecologia, economia, confort y bienestar que deben tenerse presentes al evaluar integralmente el costo de la vivienda. Se senala la importancia de incorporar la contabilidad ecologica a la economia convencional para cuantificar los costos energeticos y ecologicos de los materiales utilizados, del acondicionamiento ambiental y del mantenimiento de las edificaciones, realizando un analisis del ciclo de vida del inmueble y de los materiales que lo componen. Se propone el inmediato y radical cambio de mentalidad en los promotores, disenadores, constructores, vendedores, compradores y moradores de la vivienda, hacia la incorporacion de criterios que ante todo, tengan presenta la dignidad de la persona, otorgandole a la vivienda la cualidad de habitabilidad. A traves del arte y la ciencia del diseno ecologico, particularmente con el enfoque bioclimatico, aprovechar, utilizar y beneficiarse de los factores geograficos y climatologicos de la region. Con los mismos criterios de diseno, promover el uso de materiales disponibles en la region, no contaminantes, de baja intensidad energetica y apropiada inercia termica; adecuados al medio del que se trate, teniendo cada vez mas a que sean reutilizables, reciclables y biodegradables. Se recomienda que los futuros disenos tiendan hacia el concepto bio-armonico de la vivienda, considerando que este tiene como objetivo primario y ultimo el bienestar integral de la persona en los aspectos fsicos, psiquicos y espirituales; que le proporcionen un ambiente saludable, que favorece su crecimiento en armonia con el medioambiente. Se insiste en que se respeten y reconozcan las tecnicas ancestrales de construccin, las cuales admiten que el hombre forma parte de un macrocosmos con el que debe interactuar holsticamente. Se proponen algunos indicadores o parametros para evaluar energetica, ecologica

Habitability, energy and environment: a holistic proposal for housing in Mexico; Habitabilidad, energia y medioambiente: una propuesta holistica para la vivienda en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Triana Espinosa, J A [ATPAE (Mexico); Montes Jimenez, J C [Comision Federal de Electricidad (Mexico)

1998-12-31

in Mexico, as well as some lines of complementary action. [Espanol] Se enfatiza la indivisible interrelacion dinamica entre los conceptos de energia, ecologia, economia, confort y bienestar que deben tenerse presentes al evaluar integralmente el costo de la vivienda. Se senala la importancia de incorporar la contabilidad ecologica a la economia convencional para cuantificar los costos energeticos y ecologicos de los materiales utilizados, del acondicionamiento ambiental y del mantenimiento de las edificaciones, realizando un analisis del ciclo de vida del inmueble y de los materiales que lo componen. Se propone el inmediato y radical cambio de mentalidad en los promotores, disenadores, constructores, vendedores, compradores y moradores de la vivienda, hacia la incorporacion de criterios que ante todo, tengan presenta la dignidad de la persona, otorgandole a la vivienda la cualidad de habitabilidad. A traves del arte y la ciencia del diseno ecologico, particularmente con el enfoque bioclimatico, aprovechar, utilizar y beneficiarse de los factores geograficos y climatologicos de la region. Con los mismos criterios de diseno, promover el uso de materiales disponibles en la region, no contaminantes, de baja intensidad energetica y apropiada inercia termica; adecuados al medio del que se trate, teniendo cada vez mas a que sean reutilizables, reciclables y biodegradables. Se recomienda que los futuros disenos tiendan hacia el concepto bio-armonico de la vivienda, considerando que este tiene como objetivo primario y ultimo el bienestar integral de la persona en los aspectos fsicos, psiquicos y espirituales; que le proporcionen un ambiente saludable, que favorece su crecimiento en armonia con el medioambiente. Se insiste en que se respeten y reconozcan las tecnicas ancestrales de construccin, las cuales admiten que el hombre forma parte de un macrocosmos con el que debe interactuar holsticamente. Se proponen algunos indicadores o parametros para evaluar energetica, ecologica

Mexico Wind Resource Assessment Project

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schwartz, M.N.; Elliott, D.L.

1995-05-01

A preliminary wind energy resource assessment of Mexico that produced wind resource maps for both utility-scale and rural applications was undertaken as part of the Mexico-U.S. Renewable Energy Cooperation Program. This activity has provided valuable information needed to facilitate the commercialization of small wind turbines and windfarms in Mexico and to lay the groundwork for subsequent wind resource activities. A surface meteorological data set of hourly data in digital form was utilized to prepare a more detailed and accurate wind resource assessment of Mexico than otherwise would have been possible. Software was developed to perform the first ever detailed analysis of the wind characteristics data for over 150 stations in Mexico. The hourly data set was augmented with information from weather balloons (upper-air data), ship wind data from coastal areas, and summarized wind data from sources in Mexico. The various data were carefully evaluated for their usefulness in preparing the wind resource assessment. The preliminary assessment has identified many areas of good-to-excellent wind resource potential and shows that the wind resource in Mexico is considerably greater than shown in previous surveys.

Assessment methodology of the summer time schedule change (CHV) in Mexico: 10 years of application; Metodologia de evaluacion del cambio de horario de verano (CHV) en Mexico: 10 anos de aplicacion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maqueda Zamora, Martin Roberto; Perez Rebolledo, Hugo [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)

2008-07-01

The Summer Time is strongly bound to the rational use of the natural resources, since it is a measure that contributes to the care of the country energy resources and the improvement of the environment. This measure consists of advancing the clock one hour in the months that have greater insolation in the country and when doing it, the electrical energy demand is reduced, a saving in the consumption of the same is obtained, resulting in a reduction of the fossil fuel consumption that is needed to generate electric energy and also the emission of polluting agents to the environment is detained. It is to emphasize that the sustainable development and the environment depend on the energy efficient use. With the application of the Summertime Schedule, the entire country participate in the care of the energy resources that are derived from their application and generates in the population a culture of the care of the energy and the environment. This program is applied to world-wide level, including the industrialized countries. In this paper the methodology implemented by the Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) is presented, to realize the calculations of saving in electrical power consumption and the quantification of the avoided demand, as well as the main results obtained in 10 years of application of the measure in Mexico. [Spanish] El horario de verano esta fuertemente ligado al uso racional de los recursos naturales, ya que es una medida que contribuye al cuidado de los recursos energeticos del pais y la mejora del medio ambiente. Esta medida consiste en adelantar el reloj una hora en los meses que se tiene mayor insolacion en el pais y al hacerlo, se reduce la demanda de energia electrica, se tiene un ahorro en el consumo de la misma y como resultado se reduce el consumo de combustibles fosiles que se necesitan para generar la energia electrica y tambien se dejan de emitir contaminantes al medio ambiente. Cabe resaltar que el desarrollo sustentable y el

Decommissioning the UHTREX Reactor Facility at Los Alamos, New Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salazar, M.; Elder, J.

1992-08-01

The Ultra-High Temperature Reactor Experiment (UHTREX) facility was constructed in the late 1960s to advance high-temperature and gas-cooled reactor technology. The 3-MW reactor was graphite moderated and helium cooled and used 93% enriched uranium as its fuel. The reactor was run for approximately one year and was shut down in February 1970. The decommissioning of the facility involved removing the reactor and its associated components. This document details planning for the decommissioning operations which included characterizing the facility, estimating the costs of decommissioning, preparing environmental documentation, establishing a system to track costs and work progress, and preplanning to correct health and safety concerns in the facility. Work to decommission the facility began in 1988 and was completed in September 1990 at a cost of $2.9 million. The facility was released to Department of Energy for other uses in its Los Alamos program

Nesting of Morelet's crocodile, Crocodylus moreletii (Dumeril and Bibron), in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Villegas, A; Mendoza, G D; Arcos-García, J L; Reynoso, V H

2017-11-01

We evaluated the nesting by Crocodylus moreletii in Lago de Catemaco, Veracruz, southeastern, Mexico. During the nesting and hatching seasons, we searched for nests along the northern margins of the lake and small associated streams. We investigated egg mortality by weekly monitoring each of the nests found, recording sign of predation (tracks and holes dug into the nest) and the effect of water level fluctuations. We not found differences to nest between inland or flooded zones. However, we found that egg size varied among nests. In nests built inland, predation was the major cause of egg mortality whereas flooding resulted in more deaths of eggs in the flooding zone. Flooding killed 25% of eggs monitored in this study. We suggest that to increase nest success in the Morelet's crocodile it is necessary to promote conservation of nesting areas around the lake, recently occupied by urban or tourist developments.

Summary of recent studies of soil plutonium in the Los Alamos and Trinity Site environs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nyhan, J.W.; Hakonson, T.E.

1976-01-01

The first plutonium was sent to the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) in 1944 from the Oak Ridge and Hanford reactors for use in synthesizing the first atomic bomb, which was subsequently detonated at Trinity Site in New Mexico. During the last 32 years the LASL has developed an outstanding capability in many scientific fields required to support research in weapons technology and in other uses of nuclear energy. The fabrication and experimental activities required for this effort have resulted in additions of plutonium in industrial effluents to Los Alamos soils, just as the Trinity soils received fallout plutonium after the 1945 Trinity detonation. Formal radioecology-soils studies relative to soil-actinide relationships has been mainly field-oriented and complements transuranic research dealing with the biota of several study areas. The current soil actinide research performed within three liquid effluent-receiving areas at Los Alamos and along the fallout pathway of Trinity, the first nuclear detonation, are summarized

Energy saving in Bellota Mexico S.A. de C.V.; Ahorro de energia en Bellota Mexico S.A de C.V.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Salazar Lopez, Jose Albeiro [Bellota Mexico S.A. de C.V. (Mexico)

2003-07-01

The present article intends to make a general description of the different activities that were developed in Bellota Mexico S.A. de C.V. during year 2001 and which lead to obtaining the national prize of energy saving granted by the Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) and the Fideicomiso para el Ahorro de Energia Electrica (FIDE). In the executed actions stands out an entirely coordinated program that includes: lighting systems, motors, refrigeration systems, transformers, special projects (settling tanks), capacitors, compressed air pipeline, induction furnaces, machinery in general, maximum demand control, preventive maintenance, measuring systems, operational and organizational systems. In all these subjects a fast description is made of the performed actions and the obtained results. It is mentioned in addition the importance of making a power diagnosis and the use of historical data for the planning of the strategies to follow. Also reference is made of the use of appropriate technology that considers the use of high-energy efficiency equipment, such as motors, lamps, compressors, etc. Finally an evaluation is made of the obtained results where the improvement of the electrical parameters stands out such as: reduction of the power index in 35.06%, reduction of the maximum demand in 11.94%, increase of the power factor from 93.53% in 98.21%. The obtained results demonstrate that investing in energy saving it is a good business. [Spanish] El presente trabajo tiene por objeto hacer una descripcion general de las diferentes actividades que se desarrollaron en Bellota Mexico S.A. de C.V. durante el ano 2001 y que condujeron a la obtencion del premio nacional de ahorro de energia otorgado por la Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) y el Fideicomiso para el Ahorro de Energia Electrica (FIDE). En las acciones ejecutadas se destaca todo un programa coordinado que abarca: sistemas de iluminacion, motores, sistemas de refrigeracion, transformadores, proyectos

Study of risk in gasoline and diesel transportation pipelines in Mexico; Estudio del riesgo en ductos de transporte de gasolinas y diesel en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Olivera Villasenor, Ruperto Enrique [Universidad Nacional Autonoma Mexico, Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Rodriguez Castellanos, Alejandro [Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

2005-10-15

A methodology of risk operative analysis for damages, which are derived from theft of gasoline in Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex) pipelines by third parts (clandestine pipes) is proposed. Originally, the problematic is studied from the global perspective of pipelines accidents happened in the world, in United States of America and in Mexico, and later it approaches specifically the environment that the industry of Pemex-Refinery pipelines. When the results are obtained, it is concluded that the factor of risk with more occurrence probability of pipelines, is due to damages for third parts, in first term, and followed by the damages originated by corrosion in second term. So a diagnostic is made of the physical vulnerability degree on the rights of way of Pemex. [Spanish] Se propone una metodologia de analisis de riesgo operativo en poliductos debido a danos por terceras partes (tomas clandestinas), originados del hurto de gasolinas en ductos de Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex). La problematica se aborda desde una perspectiva global de accidentes en los ductos de Pemex-Refinacion. Del analisis y resultados obtenidos, se concluye que el factor de riesgo con mayor probabilidad de ocurrencia en poliductos, es debido a danos por terceras partes, en primer termino, seguido de los danos originados por corrosion. Asimismo se hace un diagnostico del grado de vulnerabilidad fisica de los derechos de via de Pemex.

Numerical modeling of Etla Valley aquifer, Oax., Mexico: Evolution and remediation scenarios

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Flores-Marquez, E. L; Martinez-Serrano, R. G; Chavez, R. E; Crusillo, Y [Instituto de Geofisica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Jimenez, G [Facultad de Ingenieria, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla (Mexico); Camops-Enriquez, O [Instituto de Geofisica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

2008-01-15

Short-term evolution (for 2001, 2005 and 2015) for the shallow aquifer of Etla Valley, Oaxaca, southern Mexico, was simulated based in a 3D hydrological model elaborated from the available geological, geophysical, geochemical, and hydrologic parameters. The numerical simulations were based on Visual MODFLOW code. These simulations indicate that, if the actual extraction regime is maintained, the drawdown of the potentiometric surface will get worse to the SE of the study area (i. e. beneath Oaxaca city). The prevailing aquifer flow direction favors the ground water pollution by fertilizers and leakage from the sewage network (dumped to the Atoyac river). According to the numerical simulation, remediation of this situation is possible if the wells located in the neighborhood of Oaxaca City are relocated at the recharge zones (i. e. at the feet from Sierra de Juarez). This remediation scenario will allow a recovery of the drawdown of the potentiometric surface. [Spanish] Se presenta un modelo geohidrologico evolutivo 3D a corto plazo (para los anos 2001, 2005 y 2015) del acuifero somero del Valle de Etla, Oaxaca, sureste de Mexico, basado en los parametros disponibles de geologia, geofisica, geoquimica e hidrologia. Las simulaciones numericas fueron realizadas en Visual MODFLOW. Estas simulaciones indican que, si el actual regimen de extraccion es mantenido, el abatimiento de la superficie potenciometrica puede ser mayor en el SE del area de estudio (i. e. cerca de la ciudad de Oaxaca). La contaminacion por fertilizantes y por las fugas de drenaje es favorecida por la direccion de flujo imperante en el acuifero (vaciandose en el rio Atoyac). De acuerdo a las simulaciones numericas, existe una posible remediacion de este proceso, relocalizando los pozos situados en la ciudad de Oaxaca en las zonas de recarga (i. e. en las faldas de la Sierra de Juarez). Este escenario de remediacion permitiria una recuperacion en el nivel de la superficie potenciometrica.

Addressing the Highest Risk: Environmental Programs at Los Alamos National Laboratory

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Forbes, Elaine E [Los Alamos National Laboratory

2012-06-08

Report topics: Current status of cleanup; Shift in priorities to address highest risk; Removal of above-ground waste; and Continued focus on protecting water resources. Partnership between the National Nuclear Security Administration's Los Alamos Site Office, DOE Carlsbad Field Office, New Mexico Environment Department, and contractor staff has enabled unprecedented cleanup progress. Progress on TRU campaign is well ahead of plan. To date, have completed 130 shipments vs. 104 planned; shipped 483 cubic meters of above-ground waste (vs. 277 planned); and removed 11,249 PE Ci of material at risk (vs. 9,411 planned).

Technology evaluation of a USA-Mexico health information system for epidemiological surveillance of Mexican migrant workers Evaluación tecnológica de un sistema de información de salud mexicano-estadounidense para la vigilancia epidemiológica de los trabajadores itinerantes mexicanos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Héctor Eduardo Velasco-Mondragón

2000-03-01

prevention, and organization of health care services for migrant workers in both Mexico and the United States. Despite the unprecedented success and potential bilateral benefits demonstrated by this project, serious structural and organizational deficits in the public health systems of both countries must be addressed before epidemiological surveillance can be achieved binationally.De 1994 a 1996, algunas organizaciones federales, estatales y no gubernamentales en México y los Estados Unidos de América han creado y puesto en marcha un Sistema de Información de Salud Binacional para la Vigilancia Epidemiológica de trabajadores itinerantes mexicanos. El sistema permitió el intercambio de información epidemiológica entre el estado de Guanajuato en México y el estado de Pensilvania en los Estados Unidos, en lo referente a la detección, prevención y tratamiento de casos, mediante la investigación de contactos en común y el manejo de personas con enfermedades transmisibles. La población destinataria se compuso de trabajadores itinerantes que viajaban entre Guanajuato y Pensilvania para trabajar principalmente en la industria de los hongos, y de sus compañeras sexuales en las comunidades mexicanas de donde provenían. Se montaron módulos de información sanitaria computadorizados para los itinerantes en Guanajuato y Pensilvania. Los datos sobre los pacientes y la vigilancia epidemiológica se codificaban y enviaban por la vía electrónica de un módulo a otro mediante el sistema de comunicaciones WONDER, perteneciente a los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades de los Estados Unidos. La evaluación del Sistema de Información de Salud Binacional entre Guanajuato y Pensilvania reveló que las barreras que más obstaculizan la vigilancia y el control epidemiológicos en el ámbito binacional son las siguientes: a la falta de comunicación entre los dos países; b la interrupción de la atención médica con motivo de la migración; c la poca

9 CFR 93.427 - Cattle from Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cattle from Mexico. 93.427 Section 93... CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Ruminants Mexico 10 § 93.427 Cattle from Mexico. (a) Cattle and other ruminants imported from Mexico, except animals being transported in bond for immediate return to Mexico or...

Comparison of background gamma-ray spectra between Los Alamos, New Mexico and Austin, Texas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Horne, S.; Jackman, K.R.; Landsberger, S.

2013-01-01

Background counts in gamma-ray spectrometry are caused by a variety of sources. Among these are naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the environment, interactions from cosmic radiation, and contamination within the laboratory. High-purity germanium detectors were used to acquire long background spectra in Los Alamos, NM (elevation ∼7,300 feet) and Austin, TX (elevation ∼500 feet). This difference in elevation has a sizeable effect on background spectra due to cosmic interactions, such as (n,n') and (n,γ). Los Alamos also has a fairly high NORM concentration in the soil relative to Austin, and this gives way to various spectral interferences. When analyzing nuclear forensics samples, these background sources can have non-trivial effects on detection limits of low-level fission products. By accurately determining the influence that elevation and environment have on background spectra, interferences within various laboratory environments can be more accurately characterized. (author)

A history of the working group to address Los Alamos community health concerns - A case study of community involvement and risk communication

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Harry Otway; Jon Johnson

2000-01-01

In May 1991, at a Department of Energy (DOE) public hearing at Los Alamos, New Mexico, a local artist claimed there had been a recent brain tumor cluster in a small Los Alamos neighborhood. He suggested the cause was radiation from past operations of Los Alamos National Laboratory. Data from the Laboratory's extensive environmental monitoring program gave no reason to believe this charge to be true but also could not prove it false. These allegations, reported in the local and regional media, alarmed the community and revealed an unsuspected lack of trust in the Laboratory. Having no immediate and definitive response, the Laboratory offered to collaborate with the community to address this concern. The Los Alamos community accepted this offer and a joint Community-Laboratory Working Group met for the first time 29 days later. The working group set as its primary goal the search for possible carcinogens in the local environment. Meanwhile, the DOE announced its intention to fund the New Mexico Department of Health to perform a separate and independent epidemiological study of all Los Alamos cancer rates. In early 1994, after commissioning 17 environmental studies and meeting 34 times, the working group decided that the public health concerns had been resolved to the satisfaction of the community and voted to disband. This paper tells the story of the artist and the working group, and how the media covered their story. It summarizes the environmental studies directed by the working group and briefly reviews the main findings of the epidemiology study. An epilogue records the present-day recollections of some of the key players in this environmental drama.

A history of the working group to address Los Alamos community health concerns. A case study of community involvement and risk communication

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harry Otway; Jon Johnson

2000-01-01

In May 1991, at a Department of Energy (DOE) public hearing at Los Alamos, New Mexico, a local artist claimed there had been a recent brain tumor cluster in a small Los Alamos neighborhood. He suggested the cause was radiation from past operations of Los Alamos National Laboratory. Data from the Laboratory's extensive environmental monitoring program gave no reason to believe this charge to be true but also could not prove it false. These allegations, reported in the local and regional media, alarmed the community and revealed an unsuspected lack of trust in the Laboratory. Having no immediate and definitive response, the Laboratory offered to collaborate with the community to address this concern. The Los Alamos community accepted this offer and a joint Community-Laboratory Working Group met for the first time 29 days later. The working group set as its primary goal the search for possible carcinogens in the local environment. Meanwhile, the DOE announced its intention to fund the New Mexico Department of Health to perform a separate and independent epidemiological study of all Los Alamos cancer rates. In early 1994, after commissioning 17 environmental studies and meeting 34 times, the working group decided that the public health concerns had been resolved to the satisfaction of the community and voted to disband. This paper tells the story of the artist and the working group, and how the media covered their story. It summarizes the environmental studies directed by the working group and briefly reviews the main findings of the epidemiology study. An epilogue records the present-day recollections of some of the key players in this environmental drama

21 CFR 808.81 - New Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false New Mexico. 808.81 Section 808.81 Food and Drugs... and Local Exemptions § 808.81 New Mexico. The following New Mexico medical device requirement is... from preemption under section 521(b) of the act: New Mexico Statutes Annotated, section 67-36-16(F...

Las nuevas diásporas de los afromexicanos y algunos de sus efectos en las culturales locales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Haydee Quiroz Malca

2003-12-01

Full Text Available This article will present advances in the research concerning the effects of the migration of populations originally from Africa that live along the Chica Coast of Guerrero in Mexico. The work begins with the historic impact of the arrival, of Africans, to this area of New Spain and I hope to explain that, as an effect of the recurring economic crises, a growing number of Afromexicans of this region migrate toward the United States.This reality brings diverse effects to the population that remains in the community of origin in Mexico. In this case, I hope to emphasize the revitalization that is observed in the community festivals, such as the celebrations of domestic groups, like weddings. In a parallel way, the community creates and recreates new phenomenon among the young who return, and who behave and are seen as cholos, which creates certain tensions in their towns.//En este ensayo se presentarán los avances de la investigación sobre los efectos de la migración de poblaciones originarias de África que viven a lo largo de la Costa Chica de Guerrero en México. El trabajo empieza narrando el impacto histórico de la llegada de los africanos a esta área de Nueva España, con esto espero explicar que, como un efecto de las crisis económicas recurrentes, un número creciente de afro-mexicanos de esta región migraron hacia Estados Unidos. Esta realidad trae diversos efectos a la población que aún reside en su comunidad de origen en México. En este caso, espero hacer énfasis en la revitalización que se observa en los festivales de la comunidad y en las celebraciones domésticas como las bodas. De forma paralela, este grupo crea y recrea un fenómeno nuevo dentro de los hombres jóvenes que regresan y que se comportan y son vistos como “cholos”, lo cual crea tensiones en sus pueblos.

Comer y dar de comer a los dioses : conocimiento, el costumbre y la nutricion en La Sierra Huichola, Mexico

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Fajardo Santana, H.

2000-01-01

This thesis derives from a four-year period of anthropological research and practice as a medical doctor among the Huichol indigenous people in the western Sierra Madre of Mexico.

The main focus is an analysis of contrasting (and often conflicting) knowledge and belief systems, as

Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database for Sandoval County Area, New Mexico (Parts of Los Alamos, Sandoval and Rio Arriba Counties)

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — This data set is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The...

Economic and environmental advantages for the utilization of the industrial potential of cogeneration in Mexico; Ventajas economicas y ambientales para el aprovechamiento del potencial industrial de cogeneracion en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leon de los Santos, G [Division de Estudios Posgrado, Facultad de ingenieria, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2003-01-15

Mexico has an industrial cogeneration potential very important, not evaluated or projected within its historical growth. The objective of the present work consist of studying the industrial cogeneration potential that exists in Mexico, as well as the economic and environmental savings that it would be achieved if one took advantage of this potential. As a result of the present work we can conclude that the cogeneration in Mexico offers a theoretical potential middle of 28,000 MWe to the 2007. It is estimated an economic saving potential in the construction of generation infrastructure electrical, for the high stage of its utilization of almost 7000 million dollars and a stage of emissions reduction of 2007- 21.4%, instead of 2007- 0.35%, for the industrial sector of the country. Provided that change the vision of the government of seeing to the cogeneration as a measure of energy saving and substitute it by that of political of complement to the development of the national electrical sector. [Spanish] Mexico tiene un importante potencial de cogeneracion industrial que no ha sido evaluado ni proyectado dentro de su crecimiento historico, por ello, el objetito de este trabajo consiste en estudiar y conocer los ahorros economicos y ambientales que se podrian lograr si se aprovechara dicho potencial. Como resultado, se muestra que la cogeneracion en Mexico ofrece un potencial teorico medio de 28,000 MW e al ano 2007. Se estima tambien un ahorro economico en la construccion de infraestructura de generacion electrica para el escenario alto de su aprovechamiento de casi 7000 mdd, y un escenario de reduccion de emisiones para el sector industrial del pais de un 0.35% a un 21.47% para el ano 2007. Estos pronosticos se pueden lograr, siempre y cunado el gobierno cambie la vision de manejar este tema como una medida de ahorro de energia, y la sustituya por la politica de complemento al desarrollo del sector electrico nacional.

Mexico's summer rainfall patterns: an analysis of regional modes and changes in their teleconnectivity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Englehart, P.J.; Douglas, A.V. [Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciencies, Creighton University, Omaha, N.E. (United States)

2002-07-01

(1927-1997). La red de estaciones provee informacion espacial razonable sobre la mayor parte del pais. Mediante un analisis de agrupamiento, en el estudio se delimitan cinco regiones relativamente grandes. Dentro de cada una de estas regiones, la lluvia mensual de las estaciones exhibe niveles altos de coherencia espacial. La estructura de cada region es clara y fisicamente razonable en relacion a la climatologia de Mexico. Las series de tiempo regionales son expresadas como desviacion con respecto a la normal. En la mayor parte de estas series, la persistencia intraestacional, es decir, de un mes a otro, es minima; de hecho, solamente algunas de las series muestran tendencias significativas hacia un comportamiento serial no aleatorio. Este estudio evalua la teleconectividad entre la series de lluvia regionales y varios indices de la variabilidad oceanografica y atmosferica de gran escala, que incluyen un indice asociado a El Nino la Oscilacion del Sur, diferentes indices que describen la posicion e intensidad del cinturon subtropical de altas presiones, asi como valores locales de la temperatura del agua de la superficie del mar en el Pacifico Oriental y Golfo de Mexico. Todos los analisis de teleconexion consideran el modo de variabilidad quasi-decadal comunmente conocida como Pacific Decadal Oscilatin (PDO). Los resultados del estudio estan de acuerdo con los resultados de otros investigadores, que muestran una teleconectividad diferencial como una funcion de fase PDO. Sin embargo, a diferencia de otros estudios, no se encuentran evidencias de un comportamiento no lineal en las teleconexiones dentro de la fase PDO. En lugar de eso, el rasgo mas destacado de las teleconexiones es simplemente que estas tienden a ser mas fuertes y extensas especialmente durante una fase positiva PDO.

Fracture hydraulic conductivity in the Mexico City clayey aquitard: Field piezometer rising-head tests

Science.gov (United States)

Vargas, Carlos; Ortega-Guerrero, Adrián

éthode de Hvorslev et certains avec la méthode de Bouwer-Rice. Les résultats indiquent que la distribution de K' s'ajuste à des modèles de régression log-gaussiens. Les valeurs de K' les plus fréquentes dans les plaines de Chalco et de Texcoco sont entre 1E-09 et 1E-08 m/s, avec des moyennes similaires de 1.19E-09 et 1.7E-09 m/s respectivement, qui sont d'un ou deux ordres de grandeurs supérieures à la conductivité de la matrice. Dans la plaine de Mexico, la moyenne est proche d'un ordre de grandeur en moins, avec 2.6E-10 m/s. Ce contraste entre le K' mesuré et celui de la matrice est attribué à la présence de fractures dans les 25-40 m supérieurs, ce qui est en accord avec les études précédentes sur la migration de solutés au travers de l'imperméable. El acuífero principal del Área Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México está recubierto por un acuitardo regional lacustre, cuya conductividad hidráulica es fundamental para evaluar la protección natural de las aguas subterráneas contra los contaminantes presentes en superficie y su respuesta hidráulica. Este estudio analiza la distribución y variación de dicha conductividad en las llanuras de Chalco, Texcoco y Ciudad de México (tres de los seis lagos que existían al principio en la Cuenca de México) a partir de 225 ensayos de campo en piezómetros múltiples existentes, ubicados entre 2 y 85 m de profundidad. La interpretación de los ensayos se ha realizado mediante el método de Hvorslev y-algunos-el de Bouwer-Rice. Los resultados indican que la distribución de la conductividad se ajusta a modelos de regresión lognormales. Las frecuencias dominantes en las Llanuras de Chalco y Texoco están comprendidas entre 1-9 y 10-8 m/s, con medias de población similares de 1.19×10-9 y 1.70×10-9 m/s, respectivamente, que son dos órdenes de magnitud mayores que el valor de la matriz. En el Llano de México, la media es casi un orden de magnitud inferior (2.60×10-10 m/s). Se atribuye este contraste

Low Energy Accelerator Laboratory Technical Area 53, Los Alamos National Laboratory. Environmental assessment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1995-04-01

This Environmental Assessment (EA) analyzes the potential environmental impacts that would be expected to occur if the Department of Energy (DOE) were to construct and operate a small research and development laboratory building at Technical Area (TA) 53 at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico. DOE proposes to construct a small building to be called the Low Energy Accelerator Laboratory (LEAL), at a previously cleared, bladed, and leveled quarter-acre site next to other facilities housing linear accelerator research activities at TA-53. Operations proposed for LEAL would consist of bench-scale research, development, and testing of the initial section of linear particle accelerators. This initial section consists of various components that are collectively called an injector system. The anticipated life span of the proposed development program would be about 15 years

Expectativas de migración internacional en estudiantes de enfermería en México, Distrito Federal Migration expectations among nursing students in Mexico City

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yetzi Rosales-Martínez

2010-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analizar los factores asociados con la expectativa de migrar al extranjero en estudiantes de licenciatura en enfermería de escuelas públicas en México, Distrito Federal. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal con una muestra no probabilística de 420 estudiantes. Se construyó un modelo logístico multivariado. RESULTADOS: El 69% de los informantes expresó la intención de migrar para trabajar (65% o estudiar (26%. El 50% elegiría como destino Canadá, seguido de España y Estados Unidos. Las variables asociadas con la expectativa de migrar fueron: edad, ingreso, tener familiares en el extranjero y percibir malas condiciones laborales/salarios en México. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados concuerdan con la literatura internacional. Los bajos salarios, malas condiciones laborales y escasas posibilidades de desarrollarse profesionalmente en México contribuyen a generar la expectativa de migrar en la población de estudio. Adicionalmente, la percepción optimista de los estudiantes sobre el mercado extranjero y la demanda laboral de países desarrollados coadyuvan a enfatizar dicho fenómeno.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with the expectations to migrate abroad among nursing students in Mexico City. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a non-random sample of 420 students. A logistic regression model was estimated. RESULTS: A total of 69% of the informants expressed their intention to move abroad, to look for employment (65% and/or to continue their studies (26%. Of those, 50% would choose Canada as their destination, followed by Spain and the United States. The variables associated with migration expectations were: age, income, having relatives abroad, and perception of poor labor conditions and low wages in Mexico. CONCLUSIONS: Results are consistent with international literature. Low wages, poor labor conditions and the limited possibilities for professional development in

76 FR 64248 - Gulf of Mexico Reef Fish Fishery; Closure of the 2011 Gulf of Mexico Commercial Sector for...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-18

.... 040205043-4043-01] RIN 0648-XA766 Gulf of Mexico Reef Fish Fishery; Closure of the 2011 Gulf of Mexico... the commercial sector for greater amberjack in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of the Gulf of Mexico... Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico (FMP). The FMP was prepared by the Gulf of Mexico Fishery...

New Mexico State Parks

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — This dataset provides an initial version of the generalized physical boundaries of New Mexico State Parks, in polygonal form with limited attributes, compiled using...

Channel and hillslope processes revisited in the Arroyo de los Frijoles watershed near Santa Fe, New Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Gellis, Allen C.; Emmett, William W.; Leopold, Luna Bergere

2005-01-01

Detailed documentation of geomorphic changes in the landscape of more than a few years is rarely possible. Channel cross sections, channel profiles, sediment deposition behind dams, and hillslope-erosion plots, originally benchmarked within several watersheds outside Santa Fe, New Mexico, in the 1950’s and 1960’s, for a 1966 report that documented processes and rates of arid-region sediment production and deposition, were resurveyed in the mid-1990’s. Many of the original study sites were relocated and surveyed in the mid-1990’s to determine subsequent channel and hillslope changes and to determine whether trends of channel and hillslope aggradation and degradation that were evident in the 1950’s and 1960’s have continued. In general, the net change in channel geometry has been small over the last 30–40 years. The average change in cross-sectional area of 32 resurveyed cross sections was erosion of 0.27 square meter, which equates to a 4-percent increase in cross-sectional area. The average net change in thalweg elevation for 51 resurveyed cross sections was degradation of 0.04 meter. Unpublished data (1964–68) from the scour chains showed that 371 chains had an average scour of 0.14 ± 0.14 meter and that 372 chains showed an average fill of 0.13 + 0.11 meter. Scour, found in the original study (1958–64) to be proportional to the square root of discharge, was confirmed with the addition of unpublished data (1964–68). The observed channel changes have no consistent trend, compared either to results observed in the original 1966 study or to distance from the watershed divide. The conclusion drawn in the original study was that most channels were aggrading; the resurvey showed that aggradation did not continue.An increase in housing and population in the Arroyo de los Frijoles watershed since the 1950’s has led to more roads. Channel degradation is most noticeable at road crossings. The greatest degradation of the main channel Arroyo de los

Relación entre los factores que determinan los síntomas depresivos y los hábitos alimentarios en adultos mayores de México Relationship between determining factors for depressive symptoms and for dietary habits in older adults in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Alberto Ávila-Funes

2006-05-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar los factores comunes asociados tanto con los hábitos alimentarios de los adultos mayores que viven en la comunidad como con los síntomas depresivos. MÉTODOS: Se efectuó un análisis secundario de los datos provenientes de México, D.F., del estudio multicéntrico Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento (SABE realizado entre 1999 y 2000. Se estudiaron las siguientes variables: presencia o ausencia de síntomas depresivos, según la escala de depresión geriátrica de Yesavage (EDG; el estado cognoscitivo, según la puntuación obtenida en una versión modificada del examen mínimo del estado mental de Folstein (EMEM abreviado; y la funcionalidad, mediante el índice de actividades básicas de la vida diaria de Katz. A las personas que obtuvieron una suma total de 12 puntos o menos en el EMEM abreviado se les aplicó el cuestionario sobre actividades funcionales o de Pfeffer, para evaluar su capacidad de realizar las actividades cotidianas. Mediante autoinforme se obtuvo información acerca de las características materiales, físicas, psicológicas y sociales relacionadas con la compra, la preparación y el consumo de los alimentos y del estado de la salud bucal en los últimos 12 meses. Con las variables asociadas significativamente con el resultado de la EDG se realizó un análisis de regresión multifactorial, se elaboraron diversos modelos y se utilizaron las variables asociadas significativamente en un análisis de regresión lineal multifactorial por pasos para conocer el conjunto que mejor explicaba el resultado obtenido con la EDG. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio de los participantes fue de 64,4 ± 8,6 años y la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos fue de 66%. El puntaje obtenido en la EDG mostró una asociación con la hipertensión arterial (P OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors that are commonly associated with both the dietary habits of older adults living in the community and depressive symptoms in this group

Scenario approximation in a phenomenological study in Mexico: experience report.

Science.gov (United States)

Guerrero-Castañeda, Raúl Fernando; Menezes, Tânia Maria de Oliva; Vargas, Ma Guadalupe Ojeda

2017-01-01

To report our experience using scenario approximation in a phenomenological study of nursing in Mexico. Experience report on scenario approximation to coexist with elderly in order to select the participants of a phenomenological study. During a four-month period in 2016, visits were carried out two groups of elderly individuals where several activities were carried out. Coexistence with the elderly throughout accompaniment in the groups' activities together with joint dialogue allowed selection of those who corresponded to the characteristics of the study objective. Scenario approximation is necessary in phenomenological studies, not only for creating empathy among the participants but also for the researchers to immerse themselves in the phenomenon under study, as shown by the first approaches of the researcher. Relatar la experiencia del acercamiento al escenario de un estudio fenomenológico en enfermería en México. Relato de experiencia sobre el acercamiento al escenario de estudio para convivir con adultos mayores con la finalidad de seleccionar a los participantes de un estudio fenomenológico. Se llevaron a cabo visitas durante el año 2016, en un periodo de cuatro meses a dos grupos de adultos mayores en donde se realizaron diversas actividades. La convivencia con los adultos mayores a través del acompañamiento en las actividades que realizaban en los grupos y el diálogo conjunto permitió seleccionar a aquellos que respondían a las características del objeto de estudio. Es necesaria la aproximación al escenario de estudios fenomenológicos, no sólo con la finalidad de ganar empatía de los participantes sino para sumergirse en el fenómeno de estudio, mismo que se va mostrando desde los primeros acercamientos del investigador.

New Mexico Ghost Towns

Data.gov (United States)

Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico — This data provides locations and non-spatial attributes of many ghost towns in the State of New Mexico, compiled from various sources. Locations provided with...

Los Alamos Before and After the Fire

Science.gov (United States)

2002-01-01

On May 4, 2000, a prescribed fire was set at Bandelier National Monument, New Mexico, to clear brush and dead and dying undergrowth to prevent a larger, subsequent wildfire. Unfortunately, due to high winds and extremely dry conditions in the surrounding area, the prescribed fire quickly raged out of control and, by May 10, the blaze had spread into the nearby town of Los Alamos. In all, more than 20,000 people were evacuated from their homes and more than 200 houses were destroyed as the flames consumed about 48,000 acres in and around the Los Alamos area. The pair of images above were acquired by the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor, flying aboard NASA's Landsat 7 satellite, shortly before the Los Alamos fire (top image, acquired April 14) and shortly after the fire was extinguished (lower image, June 17). The images reveal the extent of the damage caused by the fire. Combining ETM+ channels 7, 4, and 2 (one visible and two infrared channels) results in a false-color image where vegetation appears as bright to dark green. Forested areas are generally dark green while herbaceous vegetation is light green. Rangeland or more open areas appear pink to light purple. Areas with extensive pavement or urban development appear light blue or white to purple. Less densely-developed residential areas appear light green and golf courses are very bright green. In the lower image, the areas recently burned appear bright red. Landsat 7 data courtesy United States Geological Survey EROS DataCenter. Images by Robert Simmon, NASA GSFC.

Mineral content in four browse species from northeastern mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tilo, G.; Gomez, D.; Roque, G.; Lonano, R.; Lozano, R.

2014-01-01

The aim of the present study was to determine and compare macro (Ca, K, Mg, Na and P) and micro (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) nutrient foliar content in Acacia amentacea (DC.), Celtis pallida (Torr.), Forestiera angustifolia (Torr.) and Parkinsonia texana (A. Gray). Leaf samples were collected monthly from January throughout December 2009 in China, Linares and Los Ramones counties in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. All nutrients were significantly different among sites, months and species; double and triple interactions were also significant. Among sites, samples from Los Ramones County showed the higher macronutrient content, followed by China and Linares. As for species, Celtis pallida showed the highest values while A. amentacea had the lowest macronutrient content. Micronutrient content showed the following decreasing order: China>Los Ramones>Linares. Parkinsonia texana was characteristically the most abundant in micronutrient content, while, A. amentacea was the poorest in this respect. Regardless of species, site or timing, Ca (total mean = 30 g kg-1), K (15; except A. amentacea), Mg (5.2; except A. amentacea), Na (1.9; only F. angustifolia), Fe (100 mg kg-1), Mn (51; only F. angustifolia) and Zn (35; except A. amentacea) were determined to be present in suitable amounts to meet nutritional requirements of range ruminants, while Na (1.9; except F. angustifolia), P (1.3 g kg-1) and Cu (6 mg kg-1) were marginally deficient throughout the year. (author)